Adding upstream version 15.5.upstream/15.5

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

480 files changed, 371625 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/test/regress/.gitignore b/src/test/regress/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89129d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Local binaries
+/pg_regress
+
+# Generated subdirectories
+/tmp_check/
+/results/
+/log/
+
+# Note: regression.* are only left behind on a failure; that's why they're not ignored
+#/regression.diffs
+#/regression.out
diff --git a/src/test/regress/GNUmakefile b/src/test/regress/GNUmakefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88b82d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/GNUmakefile
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# GNUmakefile--
+#    Makefile for src/test/regress (the regression tests)
+#
+# Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+# Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+#
+# src/test/regress/GNUmakefile
+#
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PGFILEDESC = "pg_regress - test driver"
+PGAPPICON = win32
+
+subdir = src/test/regress
+top_builddir = ../../..
+include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
+
+# maximum simultaneous connections for parallel tests
+MAXCONNOPT =
+ifdef MAX_CONNECTIONS
+MAXCONNOPT += --max-connections=$(MAX_CONNECTIONS)
+endif
+
+# stuff to pass into build of pg_regress
+EXTRADEFS = '-DHOST_TUPLE="$(host_tuple)"' \
+	'-DSHELLPROG="$(SHELL)"'
+
+##
+## Prepare for tests
+##
+
+# Build regression test driver
+
+all: pg_regress$(X)
+
+pg_regress$(X): pg_regress.o pg_regress_main.o $(WIN32RES) | submake-libpgport
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $^ $(LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS_EX) $(LIBS) -o $@
+
+# dependencies ensure that path changes propagate
+pg_regress.o: pg_regress.c $(top_builddir)/src/port/pg_config_paths.h
+pg_regress.o: override CPPFLAGS += -I$(top_builddir)/src/port $(EXTRADEFS)
+
+# note: because of the submake dependency, this rule's action is really a no-op
+$(top_builddir)/src/port/pg_config_paths.h: | submake-libpgport
+	$(MAKE) -C $(top_builddir)/src/port pg_config_paths.h
+
+install: all installdirs
+	$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) pg_regress$(X) '$(DESTDIR)$(pgxsdir)/$(subdir)/pg_regress$(X)'
+
+installdirs:
+	$(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(pgxsdir)/$(subdir)'
+
+uninstall:
+	rm -f '$(DESTDIR)$(pgxsdir)/$(subdir)/pg_regress$(X)'
+
+
+# Build dynamically-loaded object file for CREATE FUNCTION ... LANGUAGE C.
+
+NAME = regress
+OBJS = $(WIN32RES) regress.o
+
+include $(top_srcdir)/src/Makefile.shlib
+
+all: all-lib
+
+# Ensure parallel safety if a build is started in this directory
+$(OBJS): | submake-libpgport submake-generated-headers
+
+
+# not installed by default
+
+regress_data_files = \
+	$(wildcard $(srcdir)/sql/*.sql) \
+	$(wildcard $(srcdir)/expected/*.out) \
+	$(wildcard $(srcdir)/data/*.data) \
+	$(srcdir)/parallel_schedule $(srcdir)/resultmap
+
+install-tests: all install install-lib installdirs-tests
+	$(MAKE) -C $(top_builddir)/contrib/spi install
+	for file in $(subst $(srcdir)/,,$(regress_data_files)); do \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/$$file '$(DESTDIR)$(pkglibdir)/regress/'$$file || exit; \
+	done
+
+installdirs-tests: installdirs
+	$(MKDIR_P)  $(patsubst $(srcdir)/%/,'$(DESTDIR)$(pkglibdir)/regress/%',$(sort $(dir $(regress_data_files))))
+
+
+# Get some extra C modules from contrib/spi
+
+all: refint$(DLSUFFIX) autoinc$(DLSUFFIX)
+
+refint$(DLSUFFIX): $(top_builddir)/contrib/spi/refint$(DLSUFFIX)
+	cp $< $@
+
+autoinc$(DLSUFFIX): $(top_builddir)/contrib/spi/autoinc$(DLSUFFIX)
+	cp $< $@
+
+$(top_builddir)/contrib/spi/refint$(DLSUFFIX): | submake-contrib-spi ;
+
+$(top_builddir)/contrib/spi/autoinc$(DLSUFFIX): | submake-contrib-spi ;
+
+submake-contrib-spi: | submake-libpgport submake-generated-headers
+	$(MAKE) -C $(top_builddir)/contrib/spi
+
+.PHONY: submake-contrib-spi
+
+
+##
+## Run tests
+##
+
+REGRESS_OPTS = --dlpath=. --max-concurrent-tests=20 \
+	$(EXTRA_REGRESS_OPTS)
+
+check: all
+	$(pg_regress_check) $(REGRESS_OPTS) --schedule=$(srcdir)/parallel_schedule $(MAXCONNOPT) $(EXTRA_TESTS)
+
+check-tests: all | temp-install
+	$(pg_regress_check) $(REGRESS_OPTS) $(MAXCONNOPT) $(TESTS) $(EXTRA_TESTS)
+
+installcheck: all
+	$(pg_regress_installcheck) $(REGRESS_OPTS) --schedule=$(srcdir)/parallel_schedule --max-connections=1 $(EXTRA_TESTS)
+
+installcheck-parallel: all
+	$(pg_regress_installcheck) $(REGRESS_OPTS) --schedule=$(srcdir)/parallel_schedule $(MAXCONNOPT) $(EXTRA_TESTS)
+
+installcheck-tests: all
+	$(pg_regress_installcheck) $(REGRESS_OPTS) $(TESTS) $(EXTRA_TESTS)
+
+# old interfaces follow...
+
+runcheck: check
+runtest: installcheck
+runtest-parallel: installcheck-parallel
+
+bigtest: all
+	$(pg_regress_installcheck) $(REGRESS_OPTS) --schedule=$(srcdir)/parallel_schedule --max-connections=1 numeric_big
+
+bigcheck: all | temp-install
+	$(pg_regress_check) $(REGRESS_OPTS) --schedule=$(srcdir)/parallel_schedule $(MAXCONNOPT) numeric_big
+
+
+##
+## Clean up
+##
+
+clean distclean maintainer-clean: clean-lib
+# things built by `all' target
+	rm -f $(OBJS) refint$(DLSUFFIX) autoinc$(DLSUFFIX)
+	rm -f pg_regress_main.o pg_regress.o pg_regress$(X)
+# things created by various check targets
+	rm -rf $(pg_regress_clean_files)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/Makefile b/src/test/regress/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c665ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# The Postgres make files exploit features of GNU make that other makes
+# do not have.  Because it is a common mistake for users to try to build
+# Postgres with a different make, we have this make file that does nothing
+# but tell the user to use GNU make.
+
+# If the user were using GNU make now, this file would not get used because
+# GNU make uses a make file named "GNUmakefile" in preference to "Makefile"
+# if it exists.  Postgres is shipped with a "GNUmakefile".
+
+
+# AIX make defaults to building *every* target of the first rule.  Start with
+# a single-target, empty rule to make the other targets non-default.
+all:
+
+all install clean check installcheck:
+	@echo "You must use GNU make to use Postgres.  It may be installed"
+	@echo "on your system with the name 'gmake'."
diff --git a/src/test/regress/README b/src/test/regress/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cbf3b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/README
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Documentation concerning how to run these regression tests and interpret
+the results can be found in the PostgreSQL manual, in the chapter
+"Regression Tests".
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/agg.data b/src/test/regress/data/agg.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d92c7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/agg.data
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+56	7.8
+100	99.097
+0	0.09561
+42	324.78
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/array.data b/src/test/regress/data/array.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..394d851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/array.data
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+1	{92,75,71,52,64,83}	{AAAAAAAA44066,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAA48038}
+2	{3,6}	{AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAA12793}
+3	{37,64,95,43,3,41,13,30,11,43}	{AAAAAAAAAA48845,AAAAA75968,AAAAA95309,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA99836,A96617,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246}
+4	{71,39,99,55,33,75,45}	{AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAA99043,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,39557}
+5	{50,42,77,50,4}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+6	{39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+7	{12,51,88,64,8}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+8	{60,84}	{AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA64741,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+9	{56,52,35,27,80,44,81,22}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AAAAAAA66161,AA88409,39557,A27153,AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAA99000}
+10	{71,5,45}	{AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAA27249}
+11	{41,86,74,48,22,74,47,50}	{AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAA62737,39557}
+12	{17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23}	{AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576}
+13	{3,52,34,23}	{AAAAAA98232,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+14	{78,57,19}	{AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909}
+15	{17,14,16,63,67}	{AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+16	{14,63,85,11}	{AAAAAA66777}
+17	{7,10,81,85}	{AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356}
+18	{1}	{AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AAAAA95309,64261,AAA59323,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA64374}
+19	{52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+20	{72,89,70,51,54,37,8,49,79}	{AAAAAA58494}
+21	{2,8,65,10,5,79,43}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAA64669,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1443,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAA12179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA41303,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420}
+22	{11,6,56,62,53,30}	{AAAAAAAA72908}
+23	{40,90,5,38,72,40,30,10,43,55}	{A6053,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AA17009,AAAAA17383,AAAAA70514,AAAAA33250,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562}
+24	{94,61,99,35,48}	{AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAA55219}
+25	{31,1,10,11,27,79,38}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,45449}
+26	{71,10,9,69,75}	{47735,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAA41597,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA17009}
+27	{94}	{AA6416,A6053,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254}
+28	{14,33,6,34,14}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAA18601}
+29	{39,21}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAA1242,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAA35194}
+30	{26,81,47,91,34}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAA80240}
+31	{80,24,18,21,54}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,A27153,AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,A68938}
+32	{58,79,82,80,67,75,98,10,41}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA87527,A96617,51533}
+33	{74,73}	{A85417,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62159,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796}
+34	{70,45}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA1242}
+35	{23,40}	{AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAA34727,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAA91194,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084}
+36	{79,82,14,52,30,5,79}	{AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598}
+37	{53,11,81,39,3,78,58,64,74}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+38	{59,5,4,95,28}	{AAAAAAAAAAA82945,A96617,47735,AAAAA12179,AAAAA64669,AAAAAA99807,AA74433,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387}
+39	{82,43,99,16,74}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,A27153,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620}
+40	{34}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAA74623}
+41	{19,26,63,12,93,73,27,94}	{AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666}
+42	{15,76,82,75,8,91}	{AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAA38063,45449,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAA81898,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,45449,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA81587}
+43	{39,87,91,97,79,28}	{AAAAAAAAAAA74076,A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+44	{40,58,68,29,54}	{AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAA98232}
+45	{99,45}	{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+46	{53,24}	{AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAA54032,AAAAA17383,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAAA18601,AAAAA64669,45449,AAAAAAAAAAA98051,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621}
+47	{98,23,64,12,75,61}	{AAA59323,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAA1059,A84822,55847,AAAAA70466}
+48	{76,14}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAA59671,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA40402,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037}
+49	{56,5,54,37,49}	{AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA81587}
+50	{20,12,37,64,93}	{AAAAAAAAAA5483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+51	{47}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAA81587,AA6416,AAAA91194,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAA69452}
+52	{89,0}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AA66862}
+53	{38,17}	{AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+54	{70,47}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAA41597,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AA15322}
+55	{47,79,47,64,72,25,71,24,93}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAA62737}
+56	{33,7,60,54,93,90,77,85,39}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AA42406}
+57	{23,45,10,42,36,21,9,96}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415}
+58	{92}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA6119}
+59	{9,69,46,77}	{39557,AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAA20874,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+60	{62,2,59,38,89}	{AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA99927,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875}
+61	{72,2,44,95,54,54,13}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804}
+62	{83,72,29,73}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAA15097,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183,AAAAAA43678,A96617}
+63	{11,4,61,87}	{AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAA20874,39557,51533,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAA78938}
+64	{26,19,34,24,81,78}	{A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AA17009,AAAAAAA80240}
+65	{61,5,76,59,17}	{AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012}
+66	{31,23,70,52,4,33,48,25}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAA35194,39557,AAAAAAA99836}
+67	{31,94,7,10}	{AAAAAA38063,A96617,AAAA35194,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+68	{90,43,38}	{AA75092,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AA21643}
+69	{67,35,99,85,72,86,44}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+70	{56,70,83}	{AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,A27153,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAA1242}
+71	{74,26}	{AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AA74433,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAA43419,39557}
+72	{22,1,16,78,20,91,83}	{47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+73	{88,25,96,78,65,15,29,19}	{AAA54451,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598}
+74	{32}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+75	{12,96,83,24,71,89,55}	{AAAA48949,AAAAAAAA29716,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAA28075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052}
+76	{92,55,10,7}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062}
+77	{97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39}	{AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+78	{55,89,44,84,34}	{AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AA99927,AA42406,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620}
+79	{45}	{AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+80	{74,89,44,80,0}	{AAAA35194,AAAAAAAA79710,AAA20874,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007}
+81	{63,77,54,48,61,53,97}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAAAA72121}
+82	{34,60,4,79,78,16,86,89,42,50}	{AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+83	{14,10}	{AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAAA6119}
+84	{11,83,35,13,96,94}	{AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183}
+85	{39,60}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,55847,AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAAAAA46154}
+86	{33,81,72,74,45,36,82}	{AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,45449,AAAA80176}
+87	{57,27,50,12,97,68}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAA66777,31228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505}
+88	{41,90,77,24,6,24}	{AAAA35194,AAAA35194,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AA74433}
+89	{40,32,17,6,30,88}	{AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+90	{88,75}	{AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526}
+91	{78}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAA99043}
+92	{85,63,49,45}	{AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089}
+93	{11}	{AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAAAA9821,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AA99927,AAAAA17383}
+94	{98,9,85,62,88,91,60,61,38,86}	{AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAA81587}
+95	{47,77}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAAA18107,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAA56483}
+96	{23,97,43}	{AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+97	{54,2,86,65}	{47735,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA39692,AA21643}
+98	{38,34,32,89}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+99	{37,86}	{AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAA70514,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356}
+100	{85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}	{AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+101	{}	{}
+102	{NULL}	{NULL}
+103	\N	\N
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/constrf.data b/src/test/regress/data/constrf.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ae26eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/constrf.data
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+5	!check failed	6
+7	check failed	6
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/constro.data b/src/test/regress/data/constro.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00f8af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/constro.data
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+4	!check failed	5
+6	OK	4
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/dept.data b/src/test/regress/data/dept.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c35dd57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/dept.data
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+toy	sharon
+shoe	bob
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/desc.data b/src/test/regress/data/desc.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ff1457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/desc.data
@@ -0,0 +1,10000 @@
+9999	1227676208
+9998	1673273198
+9997	868304211
+9996	999647871
+9995	310717580
+9994	1600952573
+9993	1081719182
+9992	242349705
+9991	1831758177
+9990	463935293
+9989	2044302343
+9988	1923557716
+9987	1243580926
+9986	18212056
+9985	757774765
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diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/emp.data b/src/test/regress/data/emp.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fc17ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/emp.data
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
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+sam	30	(10,5)	2000	bill
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diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/hash.data b/src/test/regress/data/hash.data
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diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/jsonb.data b/src/test/regress/data/jsonb.data
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index 0000000..622501b
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index 0000000..1605bbe
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+880	12	0	0	0	0	0	80	80	380	880	0	1	WHAAAA	MAAAAA	AAAAxx
+611	13	1	3	1	11	1	11	11	111	611	2	3	NXAAAA	NAAAAA	HHHHxx
+226	14	0	2	6	6	6	26	26	226	226	12	13	SIAAAA	OAAAAA	OOOOxx
+774	15	0	2	4	14	4	74	174	274	774	8	9	UDAAAA	PAAAAA	VVVVxx
+298	16	0	2	8	18	8	98	98	298	298	16	17	MLAAAA	QAAAAA	AAAAxx
+682	17	0	2	2	2	2	82	82	182	682	4	5	GAAAAA	RAAAAA	HHHHxx
+864	18	0	0	4	4	4	64	64	364	864	8	9	GHAAAA	SAAAAA	OOOOxx
+183	19	1	3	3	3	3	83	183	183	183	6	7	BHAAAA	TAAAAA	VVVVxx
+885	20	1	1	5	5	5	85	85	385	885	10	11	BIAAAA	UAAAAA	AAAAxx
+997	21	1	1	7	17	7	97	197	497	997	14	15	JMAAAA	VAAAAA	HHHHxx
+966	22	0	2	6	6	6	66	166	466	966	12	13	ELAAAA	WAAAAA	OOOOxx
+389	23	1	1	9	9	9	89	189	389	389	18	19	ZOAAAA	XAAAAA	VVVVxx
+846	24	0	2	6	6	6	46	46	346	846	12	13	OGAAAA	YAAAAA	AAAAxx
+206	25	0	2	6	6	6	6	6	206	206	12	13	YHAAAA	ZAAAAA	HHHHxx
+239	26	1	3	9	19	9	39	39	239	239	18	19	FJAAAA	ABAAAA	OOOOxx
+365	27	1	1	5	5	5	65	165	365	365	10	11	BOAAAA	BBAAAA	VVVVxx
+204	28	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	204	204	8	9	WHAAAA	CBAAAA	AAAAxx
+690	29	0	2	0	10	0	90	90	190	690	0	1	OAAAAA	DBAAAA	HHHHxx
+69	30	1	1	9	9	9	69	69	69	69	18	19	RCAAAA	EBAAAA	OOOOxx
+358	31	0	2	8	18	8	58	158	358	358	16	17	UNAAAA	FBAAAA	VVVVxx
+269	32	1	1	9	9	9	69	69	269	269	18	19	JKAAAA	GBAAAA	AAAAxx
+663	33	1	3	3	3	3	63	63	163	663	6	7	NZAAAA	HBAAAA	HHHHxx
+608	34	0	0	8	8	8	8	8	108	608	16	17	KXAAAA	IBAAAA	OOOOxx
+398	35	0	2	8	18	8	98	198	398	398	16	17	IPAAAA	JBAAAA	VVVVxx
+330	36	0	2	0	10	0	30	130	330	330	0	1	SMAAAA	KBAAAA	AAAAxx
+529	37	1	1	9	9	9	29	129	29	529	18	19	JUAAAA	LBAAAA	HHHHxx
+555	38	1	3	5	15	5	55	155	55	555	10	11	JVAAAA	MBAAAA	OOOOxx
+746	39	0	2	6	6	6	46	146	246	746	12	13	SCAAAA	NBAAAA	VVVVxx
+558	40	0	2	8	18	8	58	158	58	558	16	17	MVAAAA	OBAAAA	AAAAxx
+574	41	0	2	4	14	4	74	174	74	574	8	9	CWAAAA	PBAAAA	HHHHxx
+343	42	1	3	3	3	3	43	143	343	343	6	7	FNAAAA	QBAAAA	OOOOxx
+120	43	0	0	0	0	0	20	120	120	120	0	1	QEAAAA	RBAAAA	VVVVxx
+461	44	1	1	1	1	1	61	61	461	461	2	3	TRAAAA	SBAAAA	AAAAxx
+754	45	0	2	4	14	4	54	154	254	754	8	9	ADAAAA	TBAAAA	HHHHxx
+772	46	0	0	2	12	2	72	172	272	772	4	5	SDAAAA	UBAAAA	OOOOxx
+749	47	1	1	9	9	9	49	149	249	749	18	19	VCAAAA	VBAAAA	VVVVxx
+386	48	0	2	6	6	6	86	186	386	386	12	13	WOAAAA	WBAAAA	AAAAxx
+9	49	1	1	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	18	19	JAAAAA	XBAAAA	HHHHxx
+771	50	1	3	1	11	1	71	171	271	771	2	3	RDAAAA	YBAAAA	OOOOxx
+470	51	0	2	0	10	0	70	70	470	470	0	1	CSAAAA	ZBAAAA	VVVVxx
+238	52	0	2	8	18	8	38	38	238	238	16	17	EJAAAA	ACAAAA	AAAAxx
+86	53	0	2	6	6	6	86	86	86	86	12	13	IDAAAA	BCAAAA	HHHHxx
+56	54	0	0	6	16	6	56	56	56	56	12	13	ECAAAA	CCAAAA	OOOOxx
+767	55	1	3	7	7	7	67	167	267	767	14	15	NDAAAA	DCAAAA	VVVVxx
+363	56	1	3	3	3	3	63	163	363	363	6	7	ZNAAAA	ECAAAA	AAAAxx
+655	57	1	3	5	15	5	55	55	155	655	10	11	FZAAAA	FCAAAA	HHHHxx
+394	58	0	2	4	14	4	94	194	394	394	8	9	EPAAAA	GCAAAA	OOOOxx
+223	59	1	3	3	3	3	23	23	223	223	6	7	PIAAAA	HCAAAA	VVVVxx
+946	60	0	2	6	6	6	46	146	446	946	12	13	KKAAAA	ICAAAA	AAAAxx
+863	61	1	3	3	3	3	63	63	363	863	6	7	FHAAAA	JCAAAA	HHHHxx
+913	62	1	1	3	13	3	13	113	413	913	6	7	DJAAAA	KCAAAA	OOOOxx
+737	63	1	1	7	17	7	37	137	237	737	14	15	JCAAAA	LCAAAA	VVVVxx
+65	64	1	1	5	5	5	65	65	65	65	10	11	NCAAAA	MCAAAA	AAAAxx
+251	65	1	3	1	11	1	51	51	251	251	2	3	RJAAAA	NCAAAA	HHHHxx
+686	66	0	2	6	6	6	86	86	186	686	12	13	KAAAAA	OCAAAA	OOOOxx
+971	67	1	3	1	11	1	71	171	471	971	2	3	JLAAAA	PCAAAA	VVVVxx
+775	68	1	3	5	15	5	75	175	275	775	10	11	VDAAAA	QCAAAA	AAAAxx
+577	69	1	1	7	17	7	77	177	77	577	14	15	FWAAAA	RCAAAA	HHHHxx
+830	70	0	2	0	10	0	30	30	330	830	0	1	YFAAAA	SCAAAA	OOOOxx
+787	71	1	3	7	7	7	87	187	287	787	14	15	HEAAAA	TCAAAA	VVVVxx
+898	72	0	2	8	18	8	98	98	398	898	16	17	OIAAAA	UCAAAA	AAAAxx
+588	73	0	0	8	8	8	88	188	88	588	16	17	QWAAAA	VCAAAA	HHHHxx
+872	74	0	0	2	12	2	72	72	372	872	4	5	OHAAAA	WCAAAA	OOOOxx
+397	75	1	1	7	17	7	97	197	397	397	14	15	HPAAAA	XCAAAA	VVVVxx
+51	76	1	3	1	11	1	51	51	51	51	2	3	ZBAAAA	YCAAAA	AAAAxx
+381	77	1	1	1	1	1	81	181	381	381	2	3	ROAAAA	ZCAAAA	HHHHxx
+632	78	0	0	2	12	2	32	32	132	632	4	5	IYAAAA	ADAAAA	OOOOxx
+31	79	1	3	1	11	1	31	31	31	31	2	3	FBAAAA	BDAAAA	VVVVxx
+855	80	1	3	5	15	5	55	55	355	855	10	11	XGAAAA	CDAAAA	AAAAxx
+699	81	1	3	9	19	9	99	99	199	699	18	19	XAAAAA	DDAAAA	HHHHxx
+562	82	0	2	2	2	2	62	162	62	562	4	5	QVAAAA	EDAAAA	OOOOxx
+681	83	1	1	1	1	1	81	81	181	681	2	3	FAAAAA	FDAAAA	VVVVxx
+585	84	1	1	5	5	5	85	185	85	585	10	11	NWAAAA	GDAAAA	AAAAxx
+35	85	1	3	5	15	5	35	35	35	35	10	11	JBAAAA	HDAAAA	HHHHxx
+962	86	0	2	2	2	2	62	162	462	962	4	5	ALAAAA	IDAAAA	OOOOxx
+282	87	0	2	2	2	2	82	82	282	282	4	5	WKAAAA	JDAAAA	VVVVxx
+254	88	0	2	4	14	4	54	54	254	254	8	9	UJAAAA	KDAAAA	AAAAxx
+514	89	0	2	4	14	4	14	114	14	514	8	9	UTAAAA	LDAAAA	HHHHxx
+406	90	0	2	6	6	6	6	6	406	406	12	13	QPAAAA	MDAAAA	OOOOxx
+544	91	0	0	4	4	4	44	144	44	544	8	9	YUAAAA	NDAAAA	VVVVxx
+704	92	0	0	4	4	4	4	104	204	704	8	9	CBAAAA	ODAAAA	AAAAxx
+948	93	0	0	8	8	8	48	148	448	948	16	17	MKAAAA	PDAAAA	HHHHxx
+412	94	0	0	2	12	2	12	12	412	412	4	5	WPAAAA	QDAAAA	OOOOxx
+200	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	200	0	1	SHAAAA	RDAAAA	VVVVxx
+583	96	1	3	3	3	3	83	183	83	583	6	7	LWAAAA	SDAAAA	AAAAxx
+486	97	0	2	6	6	6	86	86	486	486	12	13	SSAAAA	TDAAAA	HHHHxx
+666	98	0	2	6	6	6	66	66	166	666	12	13	QZAAAA	UDAAAA	OOOOxx
+436	99	0	0	6	16	6	36	36	436	436	12	13	UQAAAA	VDAAAA	VVVVxx
+842	100	0	2	2	2	2	42	42	342	842	4	5	KGAAAA	WDAAAA	AAAAxx
+99	101	1	3	9	19	9	99	99	99	99	18	19	VDAAAA	XDAAAA	HHHHxx
+656	102	0	0	6	16	6	56	56	156	656	12	13	GZAAAA	YDAAAA	OOOOxx
+673	103	1	1	3	13	3	73	73	173	673	6	7	XZAAAA	ZDAAAA	VVVVxx
+371	104	1	3	1	11	1	71	171	371	371	2	3	HOAAAA	AEAAAA	AAAAxx
+869	105	1	1	9	9	9	69	69	369	869	18	19	LHAAAA	BEAAAA	HHHHxx
+569	106	1	1	9	9	9	69	169	69	569	18	19	XVAAAA	CEAAAA	OOOOxx
+616	107	0	0	6	16	6	16	16	116	616	12	13	SXAAAA	DEAAAA	VVVVxx
+612	108	0	0	2	12	2	12	12	112	612	4	5	OXAAAA	EEAAAA	AAAAxx
+505	109	1	1	5	5	5	5	105	5	505	10	11	LTAAAA	FEAAAA	HHHHxx
+922	110	0	2	2	2	2	22	122	422	922	4	5	MJAAAA	GEAAAA	OOOOxx
+221	111	1	1	1	1	1	21	21	221	221	2	3	NIAAAA	HEAAAA	VVVVxx
+388	112	0	0	8	8	8	88	188	388	388	16	17	YOAAAA	IEAAAA	AAAAxx
+567	113	1	3	7	7	7	67	167	67	567	14	15	VVAAAA	JEAAAA	HHHHxx
+58	114	0	2	8	18	8	58	58	58	58	16	17	GCAAAA	KEAAAA	OOOOxx
+316	115	0	0	6	16	6	16	116	316	316	12	13	EMAAAA	LEAAAA	VVVVxx
+659	116	1	3	9	19	9	59	59	159	659	18	19	JZAAAA	MEAAAA	AAAAxx
+501	117	1	1	1	1	1	1	101	1	501	2	3	HTAAAA	NEAAAA	HHHHxx
+815	118	1	3	5	15	5	15	15	315	815	10	11	JFAAAA	OEAAAA	OOOOxx
+638	119	0	2	8	18	8	38	38	138	638	16	17	OYAAAA	PEAAAA	VVVVxx
+696	120	0	0	6	16	6	96	96	196	696	12	13	UAAAAA	QEAAAA	AAAAxx
+734	121	0	2	4	14	4	34	134	234	734	8	9	GCAAAA	REAAAA	HHHHxx
+237	122	1	1	7	17	7	37	37	237	237	14	15	DJAAAA	SEAAAA	OOOOxx
+816	123	0	0	6	16	6	16	16	316	816	12	13	KFAAAA	TEAAAA	VVVVxx
+917	124	1	1	7	17	7	17	117	417	917	14	15	HJAAAA	UEAAAA	AAAAxx
+844	125	0	0	4	4	4	44	44	344	844	8	9	MGAAAA	VEAAAA	HHHHxx
+657	126	1	1	7	17	7	57	57	157	657	14	15	HZAAAA	WEAAAA	OOOOxx
+952	127	0	0	2	12	2	52	152	452	952	4	5	QKAAAA	XEAAAA	VVVVxx
+519	128	1	3	9	19	9	19	119	19	519	18	19	ZTAAAA	YEAAAA	AAAAxx
+792	129	0	0	2	12	2	92	192	292	792	4	5	MEAAAA	ZEAAAA	HHHHxx
+275	130	1	3	5	15	5	75	75	275	275	10	11	PKAAAA	AFAAAA	OOOOxx
+319	131	1	3	9	19	9	19	119	319	319	18	19	HMAAAA	BFAAAA	VVVVxx
+487	132	1	3	7	7	7	87	87	487	487	14	15	TSAAAA	CFAAAA	AAAAxx
+945	133	1	1	5	5	5	45	145	445	945	10	11	JKAAAA	DFAAAA	HHHHxx
+584	134	0	0	4	4	4	84	184	84	584	8	9	MWAAAA	EFAAAA	OOOOxx
+765	135	1	1	5	5	5	65	165	265	765	10	11	LDAAAA	FFAAAA	VVVVxx
+814	136	0	2	4	14	4	14	14	314	814	8	9	IFAAAA	GFAAAA	AAAAxx
+359	137	1	3	9	19	9	59	159	359	359	18	19	VNAAAA	HFAAAA	HHHHxx
+548	138	0	0	8	8	8	48	148	48	548	16	17	CVAAAA	IFAAAA	OOOOxx
+811	139	1	3	1	11	1	11	11	311	811	2	3	FFAAAA	JFAAAA	VVVVxx
+531	140	1	3	1	11	1	31	131	31	531	2	3	LUAAAA	KFAAAA	AAAAxx
+104	141	0	0	4	4	4	4	104	104	104	8	9	AEAAAA	LFAAAA	HHHHxx
+33	142	1	1	3	13	3	33	33	33	33	6	7	HBAAAA	MFAAAA	OOOOxx
+404	143	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	404	404	8	9	OPAAAA	NFAAAA	VVVVxx
+995	144	1	3	5	15	5	95	195	495	995	10	11	HMAAAA	OFAAAA	AAAAxx
+408	145	0	0	8	8	8	8	8	408	408	16	17	SPAAAA	PFAAAA	HHHHxx
+93	146	1	1	3	13	3	93	93	93	93	6	7	PDAAAA	QFAAAA	OOOOxx
+794	147	0	2	4	14	4	94	194	294	794	8	9	OEAAAA	RFAAAA	VVVVxx
+833	148	1	1	3	13	3	33	33	333	833	6	7	BGAAAA	SFAAAA	AAAAxx
+615	149	1	3	5	15	5	15	15	115	615	10	11	RXAAAA	TFAAAA	HHHHxx
+333	150	1	1	3	13	3	33	133	333	333	6	7	VMAAAA	UFAAAA	OOOOxx
+357	151	1	1	7	17	7	57	157	357	357	14	15	TNAAAA	VFAAAA	VVVVxx
+999	152	1	3	9	19	9	99	199	499	999	18	19	LMAAAA	WFAAAA	AAAAxx
+515	153	1	3	5	15	5	15	115	15	515	10	11	VTAAAA	XFAAAA	HHHHxx
+685	154	1	1	5	5	5	85	85	185	685	10	11	JAAAAA	YFAAAA	OOOOxx
+692	155	0	0	2	12	2	92	92	192	692	4	5	QAAAAA	ZFAAAA	VVVVxx
+627	156	1	3	7	7	7	27	27	127	627	14	15	DYAAAA	AGAAAA	AAAAxx
+654	157	0	2	4	14	4	54	54	154	654	8	9	EZAAAA	BGAAAA	HHHHxx
+115	158	1	3	5	15	5	15	115	115	115	10	11	LEAAAA	CGAAAA	OOOOxx
+75	159	1	3	5	15	5	75	75	75	75	10	11	XCAAAA	DGAAAA	VVVVxx
+14	160	0	2	4	14	4	14	14	14	14	8	9	OAAAAA	EGAAAA	AAAAxx
+148	161	0	0	8	8	8	48	148	148	148	16	17	SFAAAA	FGAAAA	HHHHxx
+201	162	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	201	201	2	3	THAAAA	GGAAAA	OOOOxx
+862	163	0	2	2	2	2	62	62	362	862	4	5	EHAAAA	HGAAAA	VVVVxx
+634	164	0	2	4	14	4	34	34	134	634	8	9	KYAAAA	IGAAAA	AAAAxx
+589	165	1	1	9	9	9	89	189	89	589	18	19	RWAAAA	JGAAAA	HHHHxx
+142	166	0	2	2	2	2	42	142	142	142	4	5	MFAAAA	KGAAAA	OOOOxx
+545	167	1	1	5	5	5	45	145	45	545	10	11	ZUAAAA	LGAAAA	VVVVxx
+983	168	1	3	3	3	3	83	183	483	983	6	7	VLAAAA	MGAAAA	AAAAxx
+87	169	1	3	7	7	7	87	87	87	87	14	15	JDAAAA	NGAAAA	HHHHxx
+335	170	1	3	5	15	5	35	135	335	335	10	11	XMAAAA	OGAAAA	OOOOxx
+915	171	1	3	5	15	5	15	115	415	915	10	11	FJAAAA	PGAAAA	VVVVxx
+286	172	0	2	6	6	6	86	86	286	286	12	13	ALAAAA	QGAAAA	AAAAxx
+361	173	1	1	1	1	1	61	161	361	361	2	3	XNAAAA	RGAAAA	HHHHxx
+97	174	1	1	7	17	7	97	97	97	97	14	15	TDAAAA	SGAAAA	OOOOxx
+98	175	0	2	8	18	8	98	98	98	98	16	17	UDAAAA	TGAAAA	VVVVxx
+377	176	1	1	7	17	7	77	177	377	377	14	15	NOAAAA	UGAAAA	AAAAxx
+525	177	1	1	5	5	5	25	125	25	525	10	11	FUAAAA	VGAAAA	HHHHxx
+448	178	0	0	8	8	8	48	48	448	448	16	17	GRAAAA	WGAAAA	OOOOxx
+154	179	0	2	4	14	4	54	154	154	154	8	9	YFAAAA	XGAAAA	VVVVxx
+866	180	0	2	6	6	6	66	66	366	866	12	13	IHAAAA	YGAAAA	AAAAxx
+741	181	1	1	1	1	1	41	141	241	741	2	3	NCAAAA	ZGAAAA	HHHHxx
+172	182	0	0	2	12	2	72	172	172	172	4	5	QGAAAA	AHAAAA	OOOOxx
+843	183	1	3	3	3	3	43	43	343	843	6	7	LGAAAA	BHAAAA	VVVVxx
+378	184	0	2	8	18	8	78	178	378	378	16	17	OOAAAA	CHAAAA	AAAAxx
+804	185	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	304	804	8	9	YEAAAA	DHAAAA	HHHHxx
+596	186	0	0	6	16	6	96	196	96	596	12	13	YWAAAA	EHAAAA	OOOOxx
+77	187	1	1	7	17	7	77	77	77	77	14	15	ZCAAAA	FHAAAA	VVVVxx
+572	188	0	0	2	12	2	72	172	72	572	4	5	AWAAAA	GHAAAA	AAAAxx
+444	189	0	0	4	4	4	44	44	444	444	8	9	CRAAAA	HHAAAA	HHHHxx
+47	190	1	3	7	7	7	47	47	47	47	14	15	VBAAAA	IHAAAA	OOOOxx
+274	191	0	2	4	14	4	74	74	274	274	8	9	OKAAAA	JHAAAA	VVVVxx
+40	192	0	0	0	0	0	40	40	40	40	0	1	OBAAAA	KHAAAA	AAAAxx
+339	193	1	3	9	19	9	39	139	339	339	18	19	BNAAAA	LHAAAA	HHHHxx
+13	194	1	1	3	13	3	13	13	13	13	6	7	NAAAAA	MHAAAA	OOOOxx
+878	195	0	2	8	18	8	78	78	378	878	16	17	UHAAAA	NHAAAA	VVVVxx
+53	196	1	1	3	13	3	53	53	53	53	6	7	BCAAAA	OHAAAA	AAAAxx
+939	197	1	3	9	19	9	39	139	439	939	18	19	DKAAAA	PHAAAA	HHHHxx
+928	198	0	0	8	8	8	28	128	428	928	16	17	SJAAAA	QHAAAA	OOOOxx
+886	199	0	2	6	6	6	86	86	386	886	12	13	CIAAAA	RHAAAA	VVVVxx
+267	200	1	3	7	7	7	67	67	267	267	14	15	HKAAAA	SHAAAA	AAAAxx
+105	201	1	1	5	5	5	5	105	105	105	10	11	BEAAAA	THAAAA	HHHHxx
+312	202	0	0	2	12	2	12	112	312	312	4	5	AMAAAA	UHAAAA	OOOOxx
+552	203	0	0	2	12	2	52	152	52	552	4	5	GVAAAA	VHAAAA	VVVVxx
+918	204	0	2	8	18	8	18	118	418	918	16	17	IJAAAA	WHAAAA	AAAAxx
+114	205	0	2	4	14	4	14	114	114	114	8	9	KEAAAA	XHAAAA	HHHHxx
+805	206	1	1	5	5	5	5	5	305	805	10	11	ZEAAAA	YHAAAA	OOOOxx
+875	207	1	3	5	15	5	75	75	375	875	10	11	RHAAAA	ZHAAAA	VVVVxx
+225	208	1	1	5	5	5	25	25	225	225	10	11	RIAAAA	AIAAAA	AAAAxx
+495	209	1	3	5	15	5	95	95	495	495	10	11	BTAAAA	BIAAAA	HHHHxx
+150	210	0	2	0	10	0	50	150	150	150	0	1	UFAAAA	CIAAAA	OOOOxx
+759	211	1	3	9	19	9	59	159	259	759	18	19	FDAAAA	DIAAAA	VVVVxx
+149	212	1	1	9	9	9	49	149	149	149	18	19	TFAAAA	EIAAAA	AAAAxx
+480	213	0	0	0	0	0	80	80	480	480	0	1	MSAAAA	FIAAAA	HHHHxx
+1	214	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	3	BAAAAA	GIAAAA	OOOOxx
+557	215	1	1	7	17	7	57	157	57	557	14	15	LVAAAA	HIAAAA	VVVVxx
+295	216	1	3	5	15	5	95	95	295	295	10	11	JLAAAA	IIAAAA	AAAAxx
+854	217	0	2	4	14	4	54	54	354	854	8	9	WGAAAA	JIAAAA	HHHHxx
+420	218	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	420	420	0	1	EQAAAA	KIAAAA	OOOOxx
+414	219	0	2	4	14	4	14	14	414	414	8	9	YPAAAA	LIAAAA	VVVVxx
+758	220	0	2	8	18	8	58	158	258	758	16	17	EDAAAA	MIAAAA	AAAAxx
+879	221	1	3	9	19	9	79	79	379	879	18	19	VHAAAA	NIAAAA	HHHHxx
+332	222	0	0	2	12	2	32	132	332	332	4	5	UMAAAA	OIAAAA	OOOOxx
+78	223	0	2	8	18	8	78	78	78	78	16	17	ADAAAA	PIAAAA	VVVVxx
+851	224	1	3	1	11	1	51	51	351	851	2	3	TGAAAA	QIAAAA	AAAAxx
+592	225	0	0	2	12	2	92	192	92	592	4	5	UWAAAA	RIAAAA	HHHHxx
+979	226	1	3	9	19	9	79	179	479	979	18	19	RLAAAA	SIAAAA	OOOOxx
+989	227	1	1	9	9	9	89	189	489	989	18	19	BMAAAA	TIAAAA	VVVVxx
+752	228	0	0	2	12	2	52	152	252	752	4	5	YCAAAA	UIAAAA	AAAAxx
+214	229	0	2	4	14	4	14	14	214	214	8	9	GIAAAA	VIAAAA	HHHHxx
+453	230	1	1	3	13	3	53	53	453	453	6	7	LRAAAA	WIAAAA	OOOOxx
+540	231	0	0	0	0	0	40	140	40	540	0	1	UUAAAA	XIAAAA	VVVVxx
+597	232	1	1	7	17	7	97	197	97	597	14	15	ZWAAAA	YIAAAA	AAAAxx
+356	233	0	0	6	16	6	56	156	356	356	12	13	SNAAAA	ZIAAAA	HHHHxx
+720	234	0	0	0	0	0	20	120	220	720	0	1	SBAAAA	AJAAAA	OOOOxx
+367	235	1	3	7	7	7	67	167	367	367	14	15	DOAAAA	BJAAAA	VVVVxx
+762	236	0	2	2	2	2	62	162	262	762	4	5	IDAAAA	CJAAAA	AAAAxx
+986	237	0	2	6	6	6	86	186	486	986	12	13	YLAAAA	DJAAAA	HHHHxx
+924	238	0	0	4	4	4	24	124	424	924	8	9	OJAAAA	EJAAAA	OOOOxx
+779	239	1	3	9	19	9	79	179	279	779	18	19	ZDAAAA	FJAAAA	VVVVxx
+684	240	0	0	4	4	4	84	84	184	684	8	9	IAAAAA	GJAAAA	AAAAxx
+413	241	1	1	3	13	3	13	13	413	413	6	7	XPAAAA	HJAAAA	HHHHxx
+479	242	1	3	9	19	9	79	79	479	479	18	19	LSAAAA	IJAAAA	OOOOxx
+731	243	1	3	1	11	1	31	131	231	731	2	3	DCAAAA	JJAAAA	VVVVxx
+409	244	1	1	9	9	9	9	9	409	409	18	19	TPAAAA	KJAAAA	AAAAxx
+372	245	0	0	2	12	2	72	172	372	372	4	5	IOAAAA	LJAAAA	HHHHxx
+139	246	1	3	9	19	9	39	139	139	139	18	19	JFAAAA	MJAAAA	OOOOxx
+717	247	1	1	7	17	7	17	117	217	717	14	15	PBAAAA	NJAAAA	VVVVxx
+539	248	1	3	9	19	9	39	139	39	539	18	19	TUAAAA	OJAAAA	AAAAxx
+318	249	0	2	8	18	8	18	118	318	318	16	17	GMAAAA	PJAAAA	HHHHxx
+208	250	0	0	8	8	8	8	8	208	208	16	17	AIAAAA	QJAAAA	OOOOxx
+797	251	1	1	7	17	7	97	197	297	797	14	15	REAAAA	RJAAAA	VVVVxx
+661	252	1	1	1	1	1	61	61	161	661	2	3	LZAAAA	SJAAAA	AAAAxx
+50	253	0	2	0	10	0	50	50	50	50	0	1	YBAAAA	TJAAAA	HHHHxx
+102	254	0	2	2	2	2	2	102	102	102	4	5	YDAAAA	UJAAAA	OOOOxx
+484	255	0	0	4	4	4	84	84	484	484	8	9	QSAAAA	VJAAAA	VVVVxx
+108	256	0	0	8	8	8	8	108	108	108	16	17	EEAAAA	WJAAAA	AAAAxx
+140	257	0	0	0	0	0	40	140	140	140	0	1	KFAAAA	XJAAAA	HHHHxx
+996	258	0	0	6	16	6	96	196	496	996	12	13	IMAAAA	YJAAAA	OOOOxx
+687	259	1	3	7	7	7	87	87	187	687	14	15	LAAAAA	ZJAAAA	VVVVxx
+241	260	1	1	1	1	1	41	41	241	241	2	3	HJAAAA	AKAAAA	AAAAxx
+923	261	1	3	3	3	3	23	123	423	923	6	7	NJAAAA	BKAAAA	HHHHxx
+500	262	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	500	0	1	GTAAAA	CKAAAA	OOOOxx
+536	263	0	0	6	16	6	36	136	36	536	12	13	QUAAAA	DKAAAA	VVVVxx
+490	264	0	2	0	10	0	90	90	490	490	0	1	WSAAAA	EKAAAA	AAAAxx
+773	265	1	1	3	13	3	73	173	273	773	6	7	TDAAAA	FKAAAA	HHHHxx
+19	266	1	3	9	19	9	19	19	19	19	18	19	TAAAAA	GKAAAA	OOOOxx
+534	267	0	2	4	14	4	34	134	34	534	8	9	OUAAAA	HKAAAA	VVVVxx
+941	268	1	1	1	1	1	41	141	441	941	2	3	FKAAAA	IKAAAA	AAAAxx
+477	269	1	1	7	17	7	77	77	477	477	14	15	JSAAAA	JKAAAA	HHHHxx
+173	270	1	1	3	13	3	73	173	173	173	6	7	RGAAAA	KKAAAA	OOOOxx
+113	271	1	1	3	13	3	13	113	113	113	6	7	JEAAAA	LKAAAA	VVVVxx
+526	272	0	2	6	6	6	26	126	26	526	12	13	GUAAAA	MKAAAA	AAAAxx
+727	273	1	3	7	7	7	27	127	227	727	14	15	ZBAAAA	NKAAAA	HHHHxx
+302	274	0	2	2	2	2	2	102	302	302	4	5	QLAAAA	OKAAAA	OOOOxx
+789	275	1	1	9	9	9	89	189	289	789	18	19	JEAAAA	PKAAAA	VVVVxx
+447	276	1	3	7	7	7	47	47	447	447	14	15	FRAAAA	QKAAAA	AAAAxx
+884	277	0	0	4	4	4	84	84	384	884	8	9	AIAAAA	RKAAAA	HHHHxx
+718	278	0	2	8	18	8	18	118	218	718	16	17	QBAAAA	SKAAAA	OOOOxx
+818	279	0	2	8	18	8	18	18	318	818	16	17	MFAAAA	TKAAAA	VVVVxx
+466	280	0	2	6	6	6	66	66	466	466	12	13	YRAAAA	UKAAAA	AAAAxx
+131	281	1	3	1	11	1	31	131	131	131	2	3	BFAAAA	VKAAAA	HHHHxx
+503	282	1	3	3	3	3	3	103	3	503	6	7	JTAAAA	WKAAAA	OOOOxx
+364	283	0	0	4	4	4	64	164	364	364	8	9	AOAAAA	XKAAAA	VVVVxx
+934	284	0	2	4	14	4	34	134	434	934	8	9	YJAAAA	YKAAAA	AAAAxx
+542	285	0	2	2	2	2	42	142	42	542	4	5	WUAAAA	ZKAAAA	HHHHxx
+146	286	0	2	6	6	6	46	146	146	146	12	13	QFAAAA	ALAAAA	OOOOxx
+652	287	0	0	2	12	2	52	52	152	652	4	5	CZAAAA	BLAAAA	VVVVxx
+566	288	0	2	6	6	6	66	166	66	566	12	13	UVAAAA	CLAAAA	AAAAxx
+788	289	0	0	8	8	8	88	188	288	788	16	17	IEAAAA	DLAAAA	HHHHxx
+168	290	0	0	8	8	8	68	168	168	168	16	17	MGAAAA	ELAAAA	OOOOxx
+736	291	0	0	6	16	6	36	136	236	736	12	13	ICAAAA	FLAAAA	VVVVxx
+795	292	1	3	5	15	5	95	195	295	795	10	11	PEAAAA	GLAAAA	AAAAxx
+103	293	1	3	3	3	3	3	103	103	103	6	7	ZDAAAA	HLAAAA	HHHHxx
+763	294	1	3	3	3	3	63	163	263	763	6	7	JDAAAA	ILAAAA	OOOOxx
+256	295	0	0	6	16	6	56	56	256	256	12	13	WJAAAA	JLAAAA	VVVVxx
+63	296	1	3	3	3	3	63	63	63	63	6	7	LCAAAA	KLAAAA	AAAAxx
+702	297	0	2	2	2	2	2	102	202	702	4	5	ABAAAA	LLAAAA	HHHHxx
+390	298	0	2	0	10	0	90	190	390	390	0	1	APAAAA	MLAAAA	OOOOxx
+116	299	0	0	6	16	6	16	116	116	116	12	13	MEAAAA	NLAAAA	VVVVxx
+354	300	0	2	4	14	4	54	154	354	354	8	9	QNAAAA	OLAAAA	AAAAxx
+162	301	0	2	2	2	2	62	162	162	162	4	5	GGAAAA	PLAAAA	HHHHxx
+71	302	1	3	1	11	1	71	71	71	71	2	3	TCAAAA	QLAAAA	OOOOxx
+916	303	0	0	6	16	6	16	116	416	916	12	13	GJAAAA	RLAAAA	VVVVxx
+565	304	1	1	5	5	5	65	165	65	565	10	11	TVAAAA	SLAAAA	AAAAxx
+509	305	1	1	9	9	9	9	109	9	509	18	19	PTAAAA	TLAAAA	HHHHxx
+20	306	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	20	20	0	1	UAAAAA	ULAAAA	OOOOxx
+813	307	1	1	3	13	3	13	13	313	813	6	7	HFAAAA	VLAAAA	VVVVxx
+80	308	0	0	0	0	0	80	80	80	80	0	1	CDAAAA	WLAAAA	AAAAxx
+400	309	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	400	0	1	KPAAAA	XLAAAA	HHHHxx
+888	310	0	0	8	8	8	88	88	388	888	16	17	EIAAAA	YLAAAA	OOOOxx
+825	311	1	1	5	5	5	25	25	325	825	10	11	TFAAAA	ZLAAAA	VVVVxx
+401	312	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	401	401	2	3	LPAAAA	AMAAAA	AAAAxx
+158	313	0	2	8	18	8	58	158	158	158	16	17	CGAAAA	BMAAAA	HHHHxx
+973	314	1	1	3	13	3	73	173	473	973	6	7	LLAAAA	CMAAAA	OOOOxx
+324	315	0	0	4	4	4	24	124	324	324	8	9	MMAAAA	DMAAAA	VVVVxx
+873	316	1	1	3	13	3	73	73	373	873	6	7	PHAAAA	EMAAAA	AAAAxx
+676	317	0	0	6	16	6	76	76	176	676	12	13	AAAAAA	FMAAAA	HHHHxx
+199	318	1	3	9	19	9	99	199	199	199	18	19	RHAAAA	GMAAAA	OOOOxx
+304	319	0	0	4	4	4	4	104	304	304	8	9	SLAAAA	HMAAAA	VVVVxx
+338	320	0	2	8	18	8	38	138	338	338	16	17	ANAAAA	IMAAAA	AAAAxx
+743	321	1	3	3	3	3	43	143	243	743	6	7	PCAAAA	JMAAAA	HHHHxx
+730	322	0	2	0	10	0	30	130	230	730	0	1	CCAAAA	KMAAAA	OOOOxx
+130	323	0	2	0	10	0	30	130	130	130	0	1	AFAAAA	LMAAAA	VVVVxx
+224	324	0	0	4	4	4	24	24	224	224	8	9	QIAAAA	MMAAAA	AAAAxx
+216	325	0	0	6	16	6	16	16	216	216	12	13	IIAAAA	NMAAAA	HHHHxx
+2	326	0	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	4	5	CAAAAA	OMAAAA	OOOOxx
+836	327	0	0	6	16	6	36	36	336	836	12	13	EGAAAA	PMAAAA	VVVVxx
+443	328	1	3	3	3	3	43	43	443	443	6	7	BRAAAA	QMAAAA	AAAAxx
+777	329	1	1	7	17	7	77	177	277	777	14	15	XDAAAA	RMAAAA	HHHHxx
+126	330	0	2	6	6	6	26	126	126	126	12	13	WEAAAA	SMAAAA	OOOOxx
+117	331	1	1	7	17	7	17	117	117	117	14	15	NEAAAA	TMAAAA	VVVVxx
+633	332	1	1	3	13	3	33	33	133	633	6	7	JYAAAA	UMAAAA	AAAAxx
+310	333	0	2	0	10	0	10	110	310	310	0	1	YLAAAA	VMAAAA	HHHHxx
+622	334	0	2	2	2	2	22	22	122	622	4	5	YXAAAA	WMAAAA	OOOOxx
+268	335	0	0	8	8	8	68	68	268	268	16	17	IKAAAA	XMAAAA	VVVVxx
+384	336	0	0	4	4	4	84	184	384	384	8	9	UOAAAA	YMAAAA	AAAAxx
+460	337	0	0	0	0	0	60	60	460	460	0	1	SRAAAA	ZMAAAA	HHHHxx
+475	338	1	3	5	15	5	75	75	475	475	10	11	HSAAAA	ANAAAA	OOOOxx
+624	339	0	0	4	4	4	24	24	124	624	8	9	AYAAAA	BNAAAA	VVVVxx
+826	340	0	2	6	6	6	26	26	326	826	12	13	UFAAAA	CNAAAA	AAAAxx
+680	341	0	0	0	0	0	80	80	180	680	0	1	EAAAAA	DNAAAA	HHHHxx
+306	342	0	2	6	6	6	6	106	306	306	12	13	ULAAAA	ENAAAA	OOOOxx
+896	343	0	0	6	16	6	96	96	396	896	12	13	MIAAAA	FNAAAA	VVVVxx
+30	344	0	2	0	10	0	30	30	30	30	0	1	EBAAAA	GNAAAA	AAAAxx
+576	345	0	0	6	16	6	76	176	76	576	12	13	EWAAAA	HNAAAA	HHHHxx
+551	346	1	3	1	11	1	51	151	51	551	2	3	FVAAAA	INAAAA	OOOOxx
+639	347	1	3	9	19	9	39	39	139	639	18	19	PYAAAA	JNAAAA	VVVVxx
+975	348	1	3	5	15	5	75	175	475	975	10	11	NLAAAA	KNAAAA	AAAAxx
+882	349	0	2	2	2	2	82	82	382	882	4	5	YHAAAA	LNAAAA	HHHHxx
+160	350	0	0	0	0	0	60	160	160	160	0	1	EGAAAA	MNAAAA	OOOOxx
+522	351	0	2	2	2	2	22	122	22	522	4	5	CUAAAA	NNAAAA	VVVVxx
+620	352	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	120	620	0	1	WXAAAA	ONAAAA	AAAAxx
+719	353	1	3	9	19	9	19	119	219	719	18	19	RBAAAA	PNAAAA	HHHHxx
+88	354	0	0	8	8	8	88	88	88	88	16	17	KDAAAA	QNAAAA	OOOOxx
+614	355	0	2	4	14	4	14	14	114	614	8	9	QXAAAA	RNAAAA	VVVVxx
+54	356	0	2	4	14	4	54	54	54	54	8	9	CCAAAA	SNAAAA	AAAAxx
+209	357	1	1	9	9	9	9	9	209	209	18	19	BIAAAA	TNAAAA	HHHHxx
+67	358	1	3	7	7	7	67	67	67	67	14	15	PCAAAA	UNAAAA	OOOOxx
+809	359	1	1	9	9	9	9	9	309	809	18	19	DFAAAA	VNAAAA	VVVVxx
+982	360	0	2	2	2	2	82	182	482	982	4	5	ULAAAA	WNAAAA	AAAAxx
+817	361	1	1	7	17	7	17	17	317	817	14	15	LFAAAA	XNAAAA	HHHHxx
+187	362	1	3	7	7	7	87	187	187	187	14	15	FHAAAA	YNAAAA	OOOOxx
+992	363	0	0	2	12	2	92	192	492	992	4	5	EMAAAA	ZNAAAA	VVVVxx
+580	364	0	0	0	0	0	80	180	80	580	0	1	IWAAAA	AOAAAA	AAAAxx
+658	365	0	2	8	18	8	58	58	158	658	16	17	IZAAAA	BOAAAA	HHHHxx
+222	366	0	2	2	2	2	22	22	222	222	4	5	OIAAAA	COAAAA	OOOOxx
+667	367	1	3	7	7	7	67	67	167	667	14	15	RZAAAA	DOAAAA	VVVVxx
+715	368	1	3	5	15	5	15	115	215	715	10	11	NBAAAA	EOAAAA	AAAAxx
+990	369	0	2	0	10	0	90	190	490	990	0	1	CMAAAA	FOAAAA	HHHHxx
+22	370	0	2	2	2	2	22	22	22	22	4	5	WAAAAA	GOAAAA	OOOOxx
+362	371	0	2	2	2	2	62	162	362	362	4	5	YNAAAA	HOAAAA	VVVVxx
+376	372	0	0	6	16	6	76	176	376	376	12	13	MOAAAA	IOAAAA	AAAAxx
+246	373	0	2	6	6	6	46	46	246	246	12	13	MJAAAA	JOAAAA	HHHHxx
+300	374	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	300	300	0	1	OLAAAA	KOAAAA	OOOOxx
+231	375	1	3	1	11	1	31	31	231	231	2	3	XIAAAA	LOAAAA	VVVVxx
+151	376	1	3	1	11	1	51	151	151	151	2	3	VFAAAA	MOAAAA	AAAAxx
+29	377	1	1	9	9	9	29	29	29	29	18	19	DBAAAA	NOAAAA	HHHHxx
+297	378	1	1	7	17	7	97	97	297	297	14	15	LLAAAA	OOAAAA	OOOOxx
+403	379	1	3	3	3	3	3	3	403	403	6	7	NPAAAA	POAAAA	VVVVxx
+716	380	0	0	6	16	6	16	116	216	716	12	13	OBAAAA	QOAAAA	AAAAxx
+260	381	0	0	0	0	0	60	60	260	260	0	1	AKAAAA	ROAAAA	HHHHxx
+170	382	0	2	0	10	0	70	170	170	170	0	1	OGAAAA	SOAAAA	OOOOxx
+285	383	1	1	5	5	5	85	85	285	285	10	11	ZKAAAA	TOAAAA	VVVVxx
+82	384	0	2	2	2	2	82	82	82	82	4	5	EDAAAA	UOAAAA	AAAAxx
+958	385	0	2	8	18	8	58	158	458	958	16	17	WKAAAA	VOAAAA	HHHHxx
+175	386	1	3	5	15	5	75	175	175	175	10	11	TGAAAA	WOAAAA	OOOOxx
+671	387	1	3	1	11	1	71	71	171	671	2	3	VZAAAA	XOAAAA	VVVVxx
+822	388	0	2	2	2	2	22	22	322	822	4	5	QFAAAA	YOAAAA	AAAAxx
+573	389	1	1	3	13	3	73	173	73	573	6	7	BWAAAA	ZOAAAA	HHHHxx
+723	390	1	3	3	3	3	23	123	223	723	6	7	VBAAAA	APAAAA	OOOOxx
+195	391	1	3	5	15	5	95	195	195	195	10	11	NHAAAA	BPAAAA	VVVVxx
+197	392	1	1	7	17	7	97	197	197	197	14	15	PHAAAA	CPAAAA	AAAAxx
+755	393	1	3	5	15	5	55	155	255	755	10	11	BDAAAA	DPAAAA	HHHHxx
+42	394	0	2	2	2	2	42	42	42	42	4	5	QBAAAA	EPAAAA	OOOOxx
+897	395	1	1	7	17	7	97	97	397	897	14	15	NIAAAA	FPAAAA	VVVVxx
+309	396	1	1	9	9	9	9	109	309	309	18	19	XLAAAA	GPAAAA	AAAAxx
+724	397	0	0	4	4	4	24	124	224	724	8	9	WBAAAA	HPAAAA	HHHHxx
+474	398	0	2	4	14	4	74	74	474	474	8	9	GSAAAA	IPAAAA	OOOOxx
+345	399	1	1	5	5	5	45	145	345	345	10	11	HNAAAA	JPAAAA	VVVVxx
+678	400	0	2	8	18	8	78	78	178	678	16	17	CAAAAA	KPAAAA	AAAAxx
+757	401	1	1	7	17	7	57	157	257	757	14	15	DDAAAA	LPAAAA	HHHHxx
+600	402	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	600	0	1	CXAAAA	MPAAAA	OOOOxx
+184	403	0	0	4	4	4	84	184	184	184	8	9	CHAAAA	NPAAAA	VVVVxx
+155	404	1	3	5	15	5	55	155	155	155	10	11	ZFAAAA	OPAAAA	AAAAxx
+136	405	0	0	6	16	6	36	136	136	136	12	13	GFAAAA	PPAAAA	HHHHxx
+889	406	1	1	9	9	9	89	89	389	889	18	19	FIAAAA	QPAAAA	OOOOxx
+95	407	1	3	5	15	5	95	95	95	95	10	11	RDAAAA	RPAAAA	VVVVxx
+549	408	1	1	9	9	9	49	149	49	549	18	19	DVAAAA	SPAAAA	AAAAxx
+81	409	1	1	1	1	1	81	81	81	81	2	3	DDAAAA	TPAAAA	HHHHxx
+679	410	1	3	9	19	9	79	79	179	679	18	19	DAAAAA	UPAAAA	OOOOxx
+27	411	1	3	7	7	7	27	27	27	27	14	15	BBAAAA	VPAAAA	VVVVxx
+748	412	0	0	8	8	8	48	148	248	748	16	17	UCAAAA	WPAAAA	AAAAxx
+107	413	1	3	7	7	7	7	107	107	107	14	15	DEAAAA	XPAAAA	HHHHxx
+870	414	0	2	0	10	0	70	70	370	870	0	1	MHAAAA	YPAAAA	OOOOxx
+848	415	0	0	8	8	8	48	48	348	848	16	17	QGAAAA	ZPAAAA	VVVVxx
+764	416	0	0	4	4	4	64	164	264	764	8	9	KDAAAA	AQAAAA	AAAAxx
+535	417	1	3	5	15	5	35	135	35	535	10	11	PUAAAA	BQAAAA	HHHHxx
+211	418	1	3	1	11	1	11	11	211	211	2	3	DIAAAA	CQAAAA	OOOOxx
+625	419	1	1	5	5	5	25	25	125	625	10	11	BYAAAA	DQAAAA	VVVVxx
+96	420	0	0	6	16	6	96	96	96	96	12	13	SDAAAA	EQAAAA	AAAAxx
+828	421	0	0	8	8	8	28	28	328	828	16	17	WFAAAA	FQAAAA	HHHHxx
+229	422	1	1	9	9	9	29	29	229	229	18	19	VIAAAA	GQAAAA	OOOOxx
+602	423	0	2	2	2	2	2	2	102	602	4	5	EXAAAA	HQAAAA	VVVVxx
+742	424	0	2	2	2	2	42	142	242	742	4	5	OCAAAA	IQAAAA	AAAAxx
+451	425	1	3	1	11	1	51	51	451	451	2	3	JRAAAA	JQAAAA	HHHHxx
+991	426	1	3	1	11	1	91	191	491	991	2	3	DMAAAA	KQAAAA	OOOOxx
+301	427	1	1	1	1	1	1	101	301	301	2	3	PLAAAA	LQAAAA	VVVVxx
+510	428	0	2	0	10	0	10	110	10	510	0	1	QTAAAA	MQAAAA	AAAAxx
+299	429	1	3	9	19	9	99	99	299	299	18	19	NLAAAA	NQAAAA	HHHHxx
+961	430	1	1	1	1	1	61	161	461	961	2	3	ZKAAAA	OQAAAA	OOOOxx
+3	431	1	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	6	7	DAAAAA	PQAAAA	VVVVxx
+106	432	0	2	6	6	6	6	106	106	106	12	13	CEAAAA	QQAAAA	AAAAxx
+591	433	1	3	1	11	1	91	191	91	591	2	3	TWAAAA	RQAAAA	HHHHxx
+700	434	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	200	700	0	1	YAAAAA	SQAAAA	OOOOxx
+841	435	1	1	1	1	1	41	41	341	841	2	3	JGAAAA	TQAAAA	VVVVxx
+829	436	1	1	9	9	9	29	29	329	829	18	19	XFAAAA	UQAAAA	AAAAxx
+508	437	0	0	8	8	8	8	108	8	508	16	17	OTAAAA	VQAAAA	HHHHxx
+750	438	0	2	0	10	0	50	150	250	750	0	1	WCAAAA	WQAAAA	OOOOxx
+665	439	1	1	5	5	5	65	65	165	665	10	11	PZAAAA	XQAAAA	VVVVxx
+157	440	1	1	7	17	7	57	157	157	157	14	15	BGAAAA	YQAAAA	AAAAxx
+694	441	0	2	4	14	4	94	94	194	694	8	9	SAAAAA	ZQAAAA	HHHHxx
+176	442	0	0	6	16	6	76	176	176	176	12	13	UGAAAA	ARAAAA	OOOOxx
+950	443	0	2	0	10	0	50	150	450	950	0	1	OKAAAA	BRAAAA	VVVVxx
+970	444	0	2	0	10	0	70	170	470	970	0	1	ILAAAA	CRAAAA	AAAAxx
+496	445	0	0	6	16	6	96	96	496	496	12	13	CTAAAA	DRAAAA	HHHHxx
+429	446	1	1	9	9	9	29	29	429	429	18	19	NQAAAA	ERAAAA	OOOOxx
+907	447	1	3	7	7	7	7	107	407	907	14	15	XIAAAA	FRAAAA	VVVVxx
+72	448	0	0	2	12	2	72	72	72	72	4	5	UCAAAA	GRAAAA	AAAAxx
+186	449	0	2	6	6	6	86	186	186	186	12	13	EHAAAA	HRAAAA	HHHHxx
+713	450	1	1	3	13	3	13	113	213	713	6	7	LBAAAA	IRAAAA	OOOOxx
+432	451	0	0	2	12	2	32	32	432	432	4	5	QQAAAA	JRAAAA	VVVVxx
+735	452	1	3	5	15	5	35	135	235	735	10	11	HCAAAA	KRAAAA	AAAAxx
+516	453	0	0	6	16	6	16	116	16	516	12	13	WTAAAA	LRAAAA	HHHHxx
+964	454	0	0	4	4	4	64	164	464	964	8	9	CLAAAA	MRAAAA	OOOOxx
+840	455	0	0	0	0	0	40	40	340	840	0	1	IGAAAA	NRAAAA	VVVVxx
+550	456	0	2	0	10	0	50	150	50	550	0	1	EVAAAA	ORAAAA	AAAAxx
+360	457	0	0	0	0	0	60	160	360	360	0	1	WNAAAA	PRAAAA	HHHHxx
+827	458	1	3	7	7	7	27	27	327	827	14	15	VFAAAA	QRAAAA	OOOOxx
+959	459	1	3	9	19	9	59	159	459	959	18	19	XKAAAA	RRAAAA	VVVVxx
+454	460	0	2	4	14	4	54	54	454	454	8	9	MRAAAA	SRAAAA	AAAAxx
+819	461	1	3	9	19	9	19	19	319	819	18	19	NFAAAA	TRAAAA	HHHHxx
+745	462	1	1	5	5	5	45	145	245	745	10	11	RCAAAA	URAAAA	OOOOxx
+279	463	1	3	9	19	9	79	79	279	279	18	19	TKAAAA	VRAAAA	VVVVxx
+426	464	0	2	6	6	6	26	26	426	426	12	13	KQAAAA	WRAAAA	AAAAxx
+70	465	0	2	0	10	0	70	70	70	70	0	1	SCAAAA	XRAAAA	HHHHxx
+637	466	1	1	7	17	7	37	37	137	637	14	15	NYAAAA	YRAAAA	OOOOxx
+417	467	1	1	7	17	7	17	17	417	417	14	15	BQAAAA	ZRAAAA	VVVVxx
+586	468	0	2	6	6	6	86	186	86	586	12	13	OWAAAA	ASAAAA	AAAAxx
+314	469	0	2	4	14	4	14	114	314	314	8	9	CMAAAA	BSAAAA	HHHHxx
+101	470	1	1	1	1	1	1	101	101	101	2	3	XDAAAA	CSAAAA	OOOOxx
+205	471	1	1	5	5	5	5	5	205	205	10	11	XHAAAA	DSAAAA	VVVVxx
+969	472	1	1	9	9	9	69	169	469	969	18	19	HLAAAA	ESAAAA	AAAAxx
+217	473	1	1	7	17	7	17	17	217	217	14	15	JIAAAA	FSAAAA	HHHHxx
+281	474	1	1	1	1	1	81	81	281	281	2	3	VKAAAA	GSAAAA	OOOOxx
+984	475	0	0	4	4	4	84	184	484	984	8	9	WLAAAA	HSAAAA	VVVVxx
+366	476	0	2	6	6	6	66	166	366	366	12	13	COAAAA	ISAAAA	AAAAxx
+483	477	1	3	3	3	3	83	83	483	483	6	7	PSAAAA	JSAAAA	HHHHxx
+838	478	0	2	8	18	8	38	38	338	838	16	17	GGAAAA	KSAAAA	OOOOxx
+64	479	0	0	4	4	4	64	64	64	64	8	9	MCAAAA	LSAAAA	VVVVxx
+981	480	1	1	1	1	1	81	181	481	981	2	3	TLAAAA	MSAAAA	AAAAxx
+538	481	0	2	8	18	8	38	138	38	538	16	17	SUAAAA	NSAAAA	HHHHxx
+39	482	1	3	9	19	9	39	39	39	39	18	19	NBAAAA	OSAAAA	OOOOxx
+60	483	0	0	0	0	0	60	60	60	60	0	1	ICAAAA	PSAAAA	VVVVxx
+874	484	0	2	4	14	4	74	74	374	874	8	9	QHAAAA	QSAAAA	AAAAxx
+955	485	1	3	5	15	5	55	155	455	955	10	11	TKAAAA	RSAAAA	HHHHxx
+347	486	1	3	7	7	7	47	147	347	347	14	15	JNAAAA	SSAAAA	OOOOxx
+227	487	1	3	7	7	7	27	27	227	227	14	15	TIAAAA	TSAAAA	VVVVxx
+44	488	0	0	4	4	4	44	44	44	44	8	9	SBAAAA	USAAAA	AAAAxx
+446	489	0	2	6	6	6	46	46	446	446	12	13	ERAAAA	VSAAAA	HHHHxx
+605	490	1	1	5	5	5	5	5	105	605	10	11	HXAAAA	WSAAAA	OOOOxx
+570	491	0	2	0	10	0	70	170	70	570	0	1	YVAAAA	XSAAAA	VVVVxx
+895	492	1	3	5	15	5	95	95	395	895	10	11	LIAAAA	YSAAAA	AAAAxx
+760	493	0	0	0	0	0	60	160	260	760	0	1	GDAAAA	ZSAAAA	HHHHxx
+428	494	0	0	8	8	8	28	28	428	428	16	17	MQAAAA	ATAAAA	OOOOxx
+628	495	0	0	8	8	8	28	28	128	628	16	17	EYAAAA	BTAAAA	VVVVxx
+933	496	1	1	3	13	3	33	133	433	933	6	7	XJAAAA	CTAAAA	AAAAxx
+263	497	1	3	3	3	3	63	63	263	263	6	7	DKAAAA	DTAAAA	HHHHxx
+729	498	1	1	9	9	9	29	129	229	729	18	19	BCAAAA	ETAAAA	OOOOxx
+860	499	0	0	0	0	0	60	60	360	860	0	1	CHAAAA	FTAAAA	VVVVxx
+76	500	0	0	6	16	6	76	76	76	76	12	13	YCAAAA	GTAAAA	AAAAxx
+293	501	1	1	3	13	3	93	93	293	293	6	7	HLAAAA	HTAAAA	HHHHxx
+296	502	0	0	6	16	6	96	96	296	296	12	13	KLAAAA	ITAAAA	OOOOxx
+124	503	0	0	4	4	4	24	124	124	124	8	9	UEAAAA	JTAAAA	VVVVxx
+568	504	0	0	8	8	8	68	168	68	568	16	17	WVAAAA	KTAAAA	AAAAxx
+337	505	1	1	7	17	7	37	137	337	337	14	15	ZMAAAA	LTAAAA	HHHHxx
+464	506	0	0	4	4	4	64	64	464	464	8	9	WRAAAA	MTAAAA	OOOOxx
+582	507	0	2	2	2	2	82	182	82	582	4	5	KWAAAA	NTAAAA	VVVVxx
+207	508	1	3	7	7	7	7	7	207	207	14	15	ZHAAAA	OTAAAA	AAAAxx
+518	509	0	2	8	18	8	18	118	18	518	16	17	YTAAAA	PTAAAA	HHHHxx
+513	510	1	1	3	13	3	13	113	13	513	6	7	TTAAAA	QTAAAA	OOOOxx
+127	511	1	3	7	7	7	27	127	127	127	14	15	XEAAAA	RTAAAA	VVVVxx
+396	512	0	0	6	16	6	96	196	396	396	12	13	GPAAAA	STAAAA	AAAAxx
+781	513	1	1	1	1	1	81	181	281	781	2	3	BEAAAA	TTAAAA	HHHHxx
+233	514	1	1	3	13	3	33	33	233	233	6	7	ZIAAAA	UTAAAA	OOOOxx
+709	515	1	1	9	9	9	9	109	209	709	18	19	HBAAAA	VTAAAA	VVVVxx
+325	516	1	1	5	5	5	25	125	325	325	10	11	NMAAAA	WTAAAA	AAAAxx
+143	517	1	3	3	3	3	43	143	143	143	6	7	NFAAAA	XTAAAA	HHHHxx
+824	518	0	0	4	4	4	24	24	324	824	8	9	SFAAAA	YTAAAA	OOOOxx
+122	519	0	2	2	2	2	22	122	122	122	4	5	SEAAAA	ZTAAAA	VVVVxx
+10	520	0	2	0	10	0	10	10	10	10	0	1	KAAAAA	AUAAAA	AAAAxx
+41	521	1	1	1	1	1	41	41	41	41	2	3	PBAAAA	BUAAAA	HHHHxx
+618	522	0	2	8	18	8	18	18	118	618	16	17	UXAAAA	CUAAAA	OOOOxx
+161	523	1	1	1	1	1	61	161	161	161	2	3	FGAAAA	DUAAAA	VVVVxx
+801	524	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	301	801	2	3	VEAAAA	EUAAAA	AAAAxx
+768	525	0	0	8	8	8	68	168	268	768	16	17	ODAAAA	FUAAAA	HHHHxx
+642	526	0	2	2	2	2	42	42	142	642	4	5	SYAAAA	GUAAAA	OOOOxx
+803	527	1	3	3	3	3	3	3	303	803	6	7	XEAAAA	HUAAAA	VVVVxx
+317	528	1	1	7	17	7	17	117	317	317	14	15	FMAAAA	IUAAAA	AAAAxx
+938	529	0	2	8	18	8	38	138	438	938	16	17	CKAAAA	JUAAAA	HHHHxx
+649	530	1	1	9	9	9	49	49	149	649	18	19	ZYAAAA	KUAAAA	OOOOxx
+738	531	0	2	8	18	8	38	138	238	738	16	17	KCAAAA	LUAAAA	VVVVxx
+344	532	0	0	4	4	4	44	144	344	344	8	9	GNAAAA	MUAAAA	AAAAxx
+399	533	1	3	9	19	9	99	199	399	399	18	19	JPAAAA	NUAAAA	HHHHxx
+609	534	1	1	9	9	9	9	9	109	609	18	19	LXAAAA	OUAAAA	OOOOxx
+677	535	1	1	7	17	7	77	77	177	677	14	15	BAAAAA	PUAAAA	VVVVxx
+478	536	0	2	8	18	8	78	78	478	478	16	17	KSAAAA	QUAAAA	AAAAxx
+452	537	0	0	2	12	2	52	52	452	452	4	5	KRAAAA	RUAAAA	HHHHxx
+261	538	1	1	1	1	1	61	61	261	261	2	3	BKAAAA	SUAAAA	OOOOxx
+449	539	1	1	9	9	9	49	49	449	449	18	19	HRAAAA	TUAAAA	VVVVxx
+433	540	1	1	3	13	3	33	33	433	433	6	7	RQAAAA	UUAAAA	AAAAxx
+5	541	1	1	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	10	11	FAAAAA	VUAAAA	HHHHxx
+664	542	0	0	4	4	4	64	64	164	664	8	9	OZAAAA	WUAAAA	OOOOxx
+887	543	1	3	7	7	7	87	87	387	887	14	15	DIAAAA	XUAAAA	VVVVxx
+546	544	0	2	6	6	6	46	146	46	546	12	13	AVAAAA	YUAAAA	AAAAxx
+253	545	1	1	3	13	3	53	53	253	253	6	7	TJAAAA	ZUAAAA	HHHHxx
+235	546	1	3	5	15	5	35	35	235	235	10	11	BJAAAA	AVAAAA	OOOOxx
+258	547	0	2	8	18	8	58	58	258	258	16	17	YJAAAA	BVAAAA	VVVVxx
+621	548	1	1	1	1	1	21	21	121	621	2	3	XXAAAA	CVAAAA	AAAAxx
+998	549	0	2	8	18	8	98	198	498	998	16	17	KMAAAA	DVAAAA	HHHHxx
+236	550	0	0	6	16	6	36	36	236	236	12	13	CJAAAA	EVAAAA	OOOOxx
+537	551	1	1	7	17	7	37	137	37	537	14	15	RUAAAA	FVAAAA	VVVVxx
+769	552	1	1	9	9	9	69	169	269	769	18	19	PDAAAA	GVAAAA	AAAAxx
+921	553	1	1	1	1	1	21	121	421	921	2	3	LJAAAA	HVAAAA	HHHHxx
+951	554	1	3	1	11	1	51	151	451	951	2	3	PKAAAA	IVAAAA	OOOOxx
+240	555	0	0	0	0	0	40	40	240	240	0	1	GJAAAA	JVAAAA	VVVVxx
+644	556	0	0	4	4	4	44	44	144	644	8	9	UYAAAA	KVAAAA	AAAAxx
+352	557	0	0	2	12	2	52	152	352	352	4	5	ONAAAA	LVAAAA	HHHHxx
+613	558	1	1	3	13	3	13	13	113	613	6	7	PXAAAA	MVAAAA	OOOOxx
+784	559	0	0	4	4	4	84	184	284	784	8	9	EEAAAA	NVAAAA	VVVVxx
+61	560	1	1	1	1	1	61	61	61	61	2	3	JCAAAA	OVAAAA	AAAAxx
+144	561	0	0	4	4	4	44	144	144	144	8	9	OFAAAA	PVAAAA	HHHHxx
+94	562	0	2	4	14	4	94	94	94	94	8	9	QDAAAA	QVAAAA	OOOOxx
+270	563	0	2	0	10	0	70	70	270	270	0	1	KKAAAA	RVAAAA	VVVVxx
+942	564	0	2	2	2	2	42	142	442	942	4	5	GKAAAA	SVAAAA	AAAAxx
+756	565	0	0	6	16	6	56	156	256	756	12	13	CDAAAA	TVAAAA	HHHHxx
+321	566	1	1	1	1	1	21	121	321	321	2	3	JMAAAA	UVAAAA	OOOOxx
+36	567	0	0	6	16	6	36	36	36	36	12	13	KBAAAA	VVAAAA	VVVVxx
+232	568	0	0	2	12	2	32	32	232	232	4	5	YIAAAA	WVAAAA	AAAAxx
+430	569	0	2	0	10	0	30	30	430	430	0	1	OQAAAA	XVAAAA	HHHHxx
+177	570	1	1	7	17	7	77	177	177	177	14	15	VGAAAA	YVAAAA	OOOOxx
+220	571	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	220	220	0	1	MIAAAA	ZVAAAA	VVVVxx
+109	572	1	1	9	9	9	9	109	109	109	18	19	FEAAAA	AWAAAA	AAAAxx
+419	573	1	3	9	19	9	19	19	419	419	18	19	DQAAAA	BWAAAA	HHHHxx
+135	574	1	3	5	15	5	35	135	135	135	10	11	FFAAAA	CWAAAA	OOOOxx
+610	575	0	2	0	10	0	10	10	110	610	0	1	MXAAAA	DWAAAA	VVVVxx
+956	576	0	0	6	16	6	56	156	456	956	12	13	UKAAAA	EWAAAA	AAAAxx
+626	577	0	2	6	6	6	26	26	126	626	12	13	CYAAAA	FWAAAA	HHHHxx
+375	578	1	3	5	15	5	75	175	375	375	10	11	LOAAAA	GWAAAA	OOOOxx
+976	579	0	0	6	16	6	76	176	476	976	12	13	OLAAAA	HWAAAA	VVVVxx
+152	580	0	0	2	12	2	52	152	152	152	4	5	WFAAAA	IWAAAA	AAAAxx
+308	581	0	0	8	8	8	8	108	308	308	16	17	WLAAAA	JWAAAA	HHHHxx
+445	582	1	1	5	5	5	45	45	445	445	10	11	DRAAAA	KWAAAA	OOOOxx
+326	583	0	2	6	6	6	26	126	326	326	12	13	OMAAAA	LWAAAA	VVVVxx
+422	584	0	2	2	2	2	22	22	422	422	4	5	GQAAAA	MWAAAA	AAAAxx
+972	585	0	0	2	12	2	72	172	472	972	4	5	KLAAAA	NWAAAA	HHHHxx
+45	586	1	1	5	5	5	45	45	45	45	10	11	TBAAAA	OWAAAA	OOOOxx
+725	587	1	1	5	5	5	25	125	225	725	10	11	XBAAAA	PWAAAA	VVVVxx
+753	588	1	1	3	13	3	53	153	253	753	6	7	ZCAAAA	QWAAAA	AAAAxx
+493	589	1	1	3	13	3	93	93	493	493	6	7	ZSAAAA	RWAAAA	HHHHxx
+601	590	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	101	601	2	3	DXAAAA	SWAAAA	OOOOxx
+463	591	1	3	3	3	3	63	63	463	463	6	7	VRAAAA	TWAAAA	VVVVxx
+303	592	1	3	3	3	3	3	103	303	303	6	7	RLAAAA	UWAAAA	AAAAxx
+59	593	1	3	9	19	9	59	59	59	59	18	19	HCAAAA	VWAAAA	HHHHxx
+595	594	1	3	5	15	5	95	195	95	595	10	11	XWAAAA	WWAAAA	OOOOxx
+807	595	1	3	7	7	7	7	7	307	807	14	15	BFAAAA	XWAAAA	VVVVxx
+424	596	0	0	4	4	4	24	24	424	424	8	9	IQAAAA	YWAAAA	AAAAxx
+521	597	1	1	1	1	1	21	121	21	521	2	3	BUAAAA	ZWAAAA	HHHHxx
+341	598	1	1	1	1	1	41	141	341	341	2	3	DNAAAA	AXAAAA	OOOOxx
+571	599	1	3	1	11	1	71	171	71	571	2	3	ZVAAAA	BXAAAA	VVVVxx
+165	600	1	1	5	5	5	65	165	165	165	10	11	JGAAAA	CXAAAA	AAAAxx
+908	601	0	0	8	8	8	8	108	408	908	16	17	YIAAAA	DXAAAA	HHHHxx
+351	602	1	3	1	11	1	51	151	351	351	2	3	NNAAAA	EXAAAA	OOOOxx
+334	603	0	2	4	14	4	34	134	334	334	8	9	WMAAAA	FXAAAA	VVVVxx
+636	604	0	0	6	16	6	36	36	136	636	12	13	MYAAAA	GXAAAA	AAAAxx
+138	605	0	2	8	18	8	38	138	138	138	16	17	IFAAAA	HXAAAA	HHHHxx
+438	606	0	2	8	18	8	38	38	438	438	16	17	WQAAAA	IXAAAA	OOOOxx
+391	607	1	3	1	11	1	91	191	391	391	2	3	BPAAAA	JXAAAA	VVVVxx
+395	608	1	3	5	15	5	95	195	395	395	10	11	FPAAAA	KXAAAA	AAAAxx
+502	609	0	2	2	2	2	2	102	2	502	4	5	ITAAAA	LXAAAA	HHHHxx
+85	610	1	1	5	5	5	85	85	85	85	10	11	HDAAAA	MXAAAA	OOOOxx
+786	611	0	2	6	6	6	86	186	286	786	12	13	GEAAAA	NXAAAA	VVVVxx
+619	612	1	3	9	19	9	19	19	119	619	18	19	VXAAAA	OXAAAA	AAAAxx
+440	613	0	0	0	0	0	40	40	440	440	0	1	YQAAAA	PXAAAA	HHHHxx
+949	614	1	1	9	9	9	49	149	449	949	18	19	NKAAAA	QXAAAA	OOOOxx
+691	615	1	3	1	11	1	91	91	191	691	2	3	PAAAAA	RXAAAA	VVVVxx
+348	616	0	0	8	8	8	48	148	348	348	16	17	KNAAAA	SXAAAA	AAAAxx
+506	617	0	2	6	6	6	6	106	6	506	12	13	MTAAAA	TXAAAA	HHHHxx
+192	618	0	0	2	12	2	92	192	192	192	4	5	KHAAAA	UXAAAA	OOOOxx
+369	619	1	1	9	9	9	69	169	369	369	18	19	FOAAAA	VXAAAA	VVVVxx
+311	620	1	3	1	11	1	11	111	311	311	2	3	ZLAAAA	WXAAAA	AAAAxx
+273	621	1	1	3	13	3	73	73	273	273	6	7	NKAAAA	XXAAAA	HHHHxx
+770	622	0	2	0	10	0	70	170	270	770	0	1	QDAAAA	YXAAAA	OOOOxx
+191	623	1	3	1	11	1	91	191	191	191	2	3	JHAAAA	ZXAAAA	VVVVxx
+90	624	0	2	0	10	0	90	90	90	90	0	1	MDAAAA	AYAAAA	AAAAxx
+163	625	1	3	3	3	3	63	163	163	163	6	7	HGAAAA	BYAAAA	HHHHxx
+350	626	0	2	0	10	0	50	150	350	350	0	1	MNAAAA	CYAAAA	OOOOxx
+55	627	1	3	5	15	5	55	55	55	55	10	11	DCAAAA	DYAAAA	VVVVxx
+488	628	0	0	8	8	8	88	88	488	488	16	17	USAAAA	EYAAAA	AAAAxx
+215	629	1	3	5	15	5	15	15	215	215	10	11	HIAAAA	FYAAAA	HHHHxx
+732	630	0	0	2	12	2	32	132	232	732	4	5	ECAAAA	GYAAAA	OOOOxx
+688	631	0	0	8	8	8	88	88	188	688	16	17	MAAAAA	HYAAAA	VVVVxx
+520	632	0	0	0	0	0	20	120	20	520	0	1	AUAAAA	IYAAAA	AAAAxx
+62	633	0	2	2	2	2	62	62	62	62	4	5	KCAAAA	JYAAAA	HHHHxx
+423	634	1	3	3	3	3	23	23	423	423	6	7	HQAAAA	KYAAAA	OOOOxx
+242	635	0	2	2	2	2	42	42	242	242	4	5	IJAAAA	LYAAAA	VVVVxx
+193	636	1	1	3	13	3	93	193	193	193	6	7	LHAAAA	MYAAAA	AAAAxx
+648	637	0	0	8	8	8	48	48	148	648	16	17	YYAAAA	NYAAAA	HHHHxx
+459	638	1	3	9	19	9	59	59	459	459	18	19	RRAAAA	OYAAAA	OOOOxx
+196	639	0	0	6	16	6	96	196	196	196	12	13	OHAAAA	PYAAAA	VVVVxx
+476	640	0	0	6	16	6	76	76	476	476	12	13	ISAAAA	QYAAAA	AAAAxx
+903	641	1	3	3	3	3	3	103	403	903	6	7	TIAAAA	RYAAAA	HHHHxx
+974	642	0	2	4	14	4	74	174	474	974	8	9	MLAAAA	SYAAAA	OOOOxx
+603	643	1	3	3	3	3	3	3	103	603	6	7	FXAAAA	TYAAAA	VVVVxx
+12	644	0	0	2	12	2	12	12	12	12	4	5	MAAAAA	UYAAAA	AAAAxx
+599	645	1	3	9	19	9	99	199	99	599	18	19	BXAAAA	VYAAAA	HHHHxx
+914	646	0	2	4	14	4	14	114	414	914	8	9	EJAAAA	WYAAAA	OOOOxx
+7	647	1	3	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	14	15	HAAAAA	XYAAAA	VVVVxx
+213	648	1	1	3	13	3	13	13	213	213	6	7	FIAAAA	YYAAAA	AAAAxx
+174	649	0	2	4	14	4	74	174	174	174	8	9	SGAAAA	ZYAAAA	HHHHxx
+392	650	0	0	2	12	2	92	192	392	392	4	5	CPAAAA	AZAAAA	OOOOxx
+674	651	0	2	4	14	4	74	74	174	674	8	9	YZAAAA	BZAAAA	VVVVxx
+650	652	0	2	0	10	0	50	50	150	650	0	1	AZAAAA	CZAAAA	AAAAxx
+8	653	0	0	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	16	17	IAAAAA	DZAAAA	HHHHxx
+492	654	0	0	2	12	2	92	92	492	492	4	5	YSAAAA	EZAAAA	OOOOxx
+322	655	0	2	2	2	2	22	122	322	322	4	5	KMAAAA	FZAAAA	VVVVxx
+315	656	1	3	5	15	5	15	115	315	315	10	11	DMAAAA	GZAAAA	AAAAxx
+380	657	0	0	0	0	0	80	180	380	380	0	1	QOAAAA	HZAAAA	HHHHxx
+353	658	1	1	3	13	3	53	153	353	353	6	7	PNAAAA	IZAAAA	OOOOxx
+892	659	0	0	2	12	2	92	92	392	892	4	5	IIAAAA	JZAAAA	VVVVxx
+932	660	0	0	2	12	2	32	132	432	932	4	5	WJAAAA	KZAAAA	AAAAxx
+993	661	1	1	3	13	3	93	193	493	993	6	7	FMAAAA	LZAAAA	HHHHxx
+859	662	1	3	9	19	9	59	59	359	859	18	19	BHAAAA	MZAAAA	OOOOxx
+806	663	0	2	6	6	6	6	6	306	806	12	13	AFAAAA	NZAAAA	VVVVxx
+145	664	1	1	5	5	5	45	145	145	145	10	11	PFAAAA	OZAAAA	AAAAxx
+373	665	1	1	3	13	3	73	173	373	373	6	7	JOAAAA	PZAAAA	HHHHxx
+418	666	0	2	8	18	8	18	18	418	418	16	17	CQAAAA	QZAAAA	OOOOxx
+865	667	1	1	5	5	5	65	65	365	865	10	11	HHAAAA	RZAAAA	VVVVxx
+462	668	0	2	2	2	2	62	62	462	462	4	5	URAAAA	SZAAAA	AAAAxx
+24	669	0	0	4	4	4	24	24	24	24	8	9	YAAAAA	TZAAAA	HHHHxx
+920	670	0	0	0	0	0	20	120	420	920	0	1	KJAAAA	UZAAAA	OOOOxx
+672	671	0	0	2	12	2	72	72	172	672	4	5	WZAAAA	VZAAAA	VVVVxx
+92	672	0	0	2	12	2	92	92	92	92	4	5	ODAAAA	WZAAAA	AAAAxx
+721	673	1	1	1	1	1	21	121	221	721	2	3	TBAAAA	XZAAAA	HHHHxx
+646	674	0	2	6	6	6	46	46	146	646	12	13	WYAAAA	YZAAAA	OOOOxx
+910	675	0	2	0	10	0	10	110	410	910	0	1	AJAAAA	ZZAAAA	VVVVxx
+909	676	1	1	9	9	9	9	109	409	909	18	19	ZIAAAA	AABAAA	AAAAxx
+630	677	0	2	0	10	0	30	30	130	630	0	1	GYAAAA	BABAAA	HHHHxx
+482	678	0	2	2	2	2	82	82	482	482	4	5	OSAAAA	CABAAA	OOOOxx
+559	679	1	3	9	19	9	59	159	59	559	18	19	NVAAAA	DABAAA	VVVVxx
+853	680	1	1	3	13	3	53	53	353	853	6	7	VGAAAA	EABAAA	AAAAxx
+141	681	1	1	1	1	1	41	141	141	141	2	3	LFAAAA	FABAAA	HHHHxx
+266	682	0	2	6	6	6	66	66	266	266	12	13	GKAAAA	GABAAA	OOOOxx
+835	683	1	3	5	15	5	35	35	335	835	10	11	DGAAAA	HABAAA	VVVVxx
+164	684	0	0	4	4	4	64	164	164	164	8	9	IGAAAA	IABAAA	AAAAxx
+629	685	1	1	9	9	9	29	29	129	629	18	19	FYAAAA	JABAAA	HHHHxx
+203	686	1	3	3	3	3	3	3	203	203	6	7	VHAAAA	KABAAA	OOOOxx
+411	687	1	3	1	11	1	11	11	411	411	2	3	VPAAAA	LABAAA	VVVVxx
+930	688	0	2	0	10	0	30	130	430	930	0	1	UJAAAA	MABAAA	AAAAxx
+435	689	1	3	5	15	5	35	35	435	435	10	11	TQAAAA	NABAAA	HHHHxx
+563	690	1	3	3	3	3	63	163	63	563	6	7	RVAAAA	OABAAA	OOOOxx
+960	691	0	0	0	0	0	60	160	460	960	0	1	YKAAAA	PABAAA	VVVVxx
+733	692	1	1	3	13	3	33	133	233	733	6	7	FCAAAA	QABAAA	AAAAxx
+967	693	1	3	7	7	7	67	167	467	967	14	15	FLAAAA	RABAAA	HHHHxx
+668	694	0	0	8	8	8	68	68	168	668	16	17	SZAAAA	SABAAA	OOOOxx
+994	695	0	2	4	14	4	94	194	494	994	8	9	GMAAAA	TABAAA	VVVVxx
+129	696	1	1	9	9	9	29	129	129	129	18	19	ZEAAAA	UABAAA	AAAAxx
+954	697	0	2	4	14	4	54	154	454	954	8	9	SKAAAA	VABAAA	HHHHxx
+68	698	0	0	8	8	8	68	68	68	68	16	17	QCAAAA	WABAAA	OOOOxx
+79	699	1	3	9	19	9	79	79	79	79	18	19	BDAAAA	XABAAA	VVVVxx
+121	700	1	1	1	1	1	21	121	121	121	2	3	REAAAA	YABAAA	AAAAxx
+740	701	0	0	0	0	0	40	140	240	740	0	1	MCAAAA	ZABAAA	HHHHxx
+902	702	0	2	2	2	2	2	102	402	902	4	5	SIAAAA	ABBAAA	OOOOxx
+695	703	1	3	5	15	5	95	95	195	695	10	11	TAAAAA	BBBAAA	VVVVxx
+455	704	1	3	5	15	5	55	55	455	455	10	11	NRAAAA	CBBAAA	AAAAxx
+89	705	1	1	9	9	9	89	89	89	89	18	19	LDAAAA	DBBAAA	HHHHxx
+893	706	1	1	3	13	3	93	93	393	893	6	7	JIAAAA	EBBAAA	OOOOxx
+202	707	0	2	2	2	2	2	2	202	202	4	5	UHAAAA	FBBAAA	VVVVxx
+132	708	0	0	2	12	2	32	132	132	132	4	5	CFAAAA	GBBAAA	AAAAxx
+782	709	0	2	2	2	2	82	182	282	782	4	5	CEAAAA	HBBAAA	HHHHxx
+512	710	0	0	2	12	2	12	112	12	512	4	5	STAAAA	IBBAAA	OOOOxx
+857	711	1	1	7	17	7	57	57	357	857	14	15	ZGAAAA	JBBAAA	VVVVxx
+248	712	0	0	8	8	8	48	48	248	248	16	17	OJAAAA	KBBAAA	AAAAxx
+858	713	0	2	8	18	8	58	58	358	858	16	17	AHAAAA	LBBAAA	HHHHxx
+527	714	1	3	7	7	7	27	127	27	527	14	15	HUAAAA	MBBAAA	OOOOxx
+450	715	0	2	0	10	0	50	50	450	450	0	1	IRAAAA	NBBAAA	VVVVxx
+712	716	0	0	2	12	2	12	112	212	712	4	5	KBAAAA	OBBAAA	AAAAxx
+153	717	1	1	3	13	3	53	153	153	153	6	7	XFAAAA	PBBAAA	HHHHxx
+587	718	1	3	7	7	7	87	187	87	587	14	15	PWAAAA	QBBAAA	OOOOxx
+593	719	1	1	3	13	3	93	193	93	593	6	7	VWAAAA	RBBAAA	VVVVxx
+249	720	1	1	9	9	9	49	49	249	249	18	19	PJAAAA	SBBAAA	AAAAxx
+128	721	0	0	8	8	8	28	128	128	128	16	17	YEAAAA	TBBAAA	HHHHxx
+675	722	1	3	5	15	5	75	75	175	675	10	11	ZZAAAA	UBBAAA	OOOOxx
+929	723	1	1	9	9	9	29	129	429	929	18	19	TJAAAA	VBBAAA	VVVVxx
+156	724	0	0	6	16	6	56	156	156	156	12	13	AGAAAA	WBBAAA	AAAAxx
+415	725	1	3	5	15	5	15	15	415	415	10	11	ZPAAAA	XBBAAA	HHHHxx
+28	726	0	0	8	8	8	28	28	28	28	16	17	CBAAAA	YBBAAA	OOOOxx
+18	727	0	2	8	18	8	18	18	18	18	16	17	SAAAAA	ZBBAAA	VVVVxx
+255	728	1	3	5	15	5	55	55	255	255	10	11	VJAAAA	ACBAAA	AAAAxx
+793	729	1	1	3	13	3	93	193	293	793	6	7	NEAAAA	BCBAAA	HHHHxx
+554	730	0	2	4	14	4	54	154	54	554	8	9	IVAAAA	CCBAAA	OOOOxx
+467	731	1	3	7	7	7	67	67	467	467	14	15	ZRAAAA	DCBAAA	VVVVxx
+410	732	0	2	0	10	0	10	10	410	410	0	1	UPAAAA	ECBAAA	AAAAxx
+651	733	1	3	1	11	1	51	51	151	651	2	3	BZAAAA	FCBAAA	HHHHxx
+287	734	1	3	7	7	7	87	87	287	287	14	15	BLAAAA	GCBAAA	OOOOxx
+640	735	0	0	0	0	0	40	40	140	640	0	1	QYAAAA	HCBAAA	VVVVxx
+245	736	1	1	5	5	5	45	45	245	245	10	11	LJAAAA	ICBAAA	AAAAxx
+21	737	1	1	1	1	1	21	21	21	21	2	3	VAAAAA	JCBAAA	HHHHxx
+83	738	1	3	3	3	3	83	83	83	83	6	7	FDAAAA	KCBAAA	OOOOxx
+228	739	0	0	8	8	8	28	28	228	228	16	17	UIAAAA	LCBAAA	VVVVxx
+323	740	1	3	3	3	3	23	123	323	323	6	7	LMAAAA	MCBAAA	AAAAxx
+594	741	0	2	4	14	4	94	194	94	594	8	9	WWAAAA	NCBAAA	HHHHxx
+528	742	0	0	8	8	8	28	128	28	528	16	17	IUAAAA	OCBAAA	OOOOxx
+276	743	0	0	6	16	6	76	76	276	276	12	13	QKAAAA	PCBAAA	VVVVxx
+598	744	0	2	8	18	8	98	198	98	598	16	17	AXAAAA	QCBAAA	AAAAxx
+635	745	1	3	5	15	5	35	35	135	635	10	11	LYAAAA	RCBAAA	HHHHxx
+868	746	0	0	8	8	8	68	68	368	868	16	17	KHAAAA	SCBAAA	OOOOxx
+290	747	0	2	0	10	0	90	90	290	290	0	1	ELAAAA	TCBAAA	VVVVxx
+468	748	0	0	8	8	8	68	68	468	468	16	17	ASAAAA	UCBAAA	AAAAxx
+689	749	1	1	9	9	9	89	89	189	689	18	19	NAAAAA	VCBAAA	HHHHxx
+799	750	1	3	9	19	9	99	199	299	799	18	19	TEAAAA	WCBAAA	OOOOxx
+210	751	0	2	0	10	0	10	10	210	210	0	1	CIAAAA	XCBAAA	VVVVxx
+346	752	0	2	6	6	6	46	146	346	346	12	13	INAAAA	YCBAAA	AAAAxx
+957	753	1	1	7	17	7	57	157	457	957	14	15	VKAAAA	ZCBAAA	HHHHxx
+905	754	1	1	5	5	5	5	105	405	905	10	11	VIAAAA	ADBAAA	OOOOxx
+523	755	1	3	3	3	3	23	123	23	523	6	7	DUAAAA	BDBAAA	VVVVxx
+899	756	1	3	9	19	9	99	99	399	899	18	19	PIAAAA	CDBAAA	AAAAxx
+867	757	1	3	7	7	7	67	67	367	867	14	15	JHAAAA	DDBAAA	HHHHxx
+11	758	1	3	1	11	1	11	11	11	11	2	3	LAAAAA	EDBAAA	OOOOxx
+320	759	0	0	0	0	0	20	120	320	320	0	1	IMAAAA	FDBAAA	VVVVxx
+766	760	0	2	6	6	6	66	166	266	766	12	13	MDAAAA	GDBAAA	AAAAxx
+84	761	0	0	4	4	4	84	84	84	84	8	9	GDAAAA	HDBAAA	HHHHxx
+507	762	1	3	7	7	7	7	107	7	507	14	15	NTAAAA	IDBAAA	OOOOxx
+471	763	1	3	1	11	1	71	71	471	471	2	3	DSAAAA	JDBAAA	VVVVxx
+517	764	1	1	7	17	7	17	117	17	517	14	15	XTAAAA	KDBAAA	AAAAxx
+234	765	0	2	4	14	4	34	34	234	234	8	9	AJAAAA	LDBAAA	HHHHxx
+988	766	0	0	8	8	8	88	188	488	988	16	17	AMAAAA	MDBAAA	OOOOxx
+473	767	1	1	3	13	3	73	73	473	473	6	7	FSAAAA	NDBAAA	VVVVxx
+66	768	0	2	6	6	6	66	66	66	66	12	13	OCAAAA	ODBAAA	AAAAxx
+530	769	0	2	0	10	0	30	130	30	530	0	1	KUAAAA	PDBAAA	HHHHxx
+834	770	0	2	4	14	4	34	34	334	834	8	9	CGAAAA	QDBAAA	OOOOxx
+894	771	0	2	4	14	4	94	94	394	894	8	9	KIAAAA	RDBAAA	VVVVxx
+481	772	1	1	1	1	1	81	81	481	481	2	3	NSAAAA	SDBAAA	AAAAxx
+280	773	0	0	0	0	0	80	80	280	280	0	1	UKAAAA	TDBAAA	HHHHxx
+705	774	1	1	5	5	5	5	105	205	705	10	11	DBAAAA	UDBAAA	OOOOxx
+218	775	0	2	8	18	8	18	18	218	218	16	17	KIAAAA	VDBAAA	VVVVxx
+560	776	0	0	0	0	0	60	160	60	560	0	1	OVAAAA	WDBAAA	AAAAxx
+123	777	1	3	3	3	3	23	123	123	123	6	7	TEAAAA	XDBAAA	HHHHxx
+289	778	1	1	9	9	9	89	89	289	289	18	19	DLAAAA	YDBAAA	OOOOxx
+189	779	1	1	9	9	9	89	189	189	189	18	19	HHAAAA	ZDBAAA	VVVVxx
+541	780	1	1	1	1	1	41	141	41	541	2	3	VUAAAA	AEBAAA	AAAAxx
+876	781	0	0	6	16	6	76	76	376	876	12	13	SHAAAA	BEBAAA	HHHHxx
+504	782	0	0	4	4	4	4	104	4	504	8	9	KTAAAA	CEBAAA	OOOOxx
+643	783	1	3	3	3	3	43	43	143	643	6	7	TYAAAA	DEBAAA	VVVVxx
+73	784	1	1	3	13	3	73	73	73	73	6	7	VCAAAA	EEBAAA	AAAAxx
+465	785	1	1	5	5	5	65	65	465	465	10	11	XRAAAA	FEBAAA	HHHHxx
+861	786	1	1	1	1	1	61	61	361	861	2	3	DHAAAA	GEBAAA	OOOOxx
+355	787	1	3	5	15	5	55	155	355	355	10	11	RNAAAA	HEBAAA	VVVVxx
+441	788	1	1	1	1	1	41	41	441	441	2	3	ZQAAAA	IEBAAA	AAAAxx
+219	789	1	3	9	19	9	19	19	219	219	18	19	LIAAAA	JEBAAA	HHHHxx
+839	790	1	3	9	19	9	39	39	339	839	18	19	HGAAAA	KEBAAA	OOOOxx
+271	791	1	3	1	11	1	71	71	271	271	2	3	LKAAAA	LEBAAA	VVVVxx
+212	792	0	0	2	12	2	12	12	212	212	4	5	EIAAAA	MEBAAA	AAAAxx
+904	793	0	0	4	4	4	4	104	404	904	8	9	UIAAAA	NEBAAA	HHHHxx
+244	794	0	0	4	4	4	44	44	244	244	8	9	KJAAAA	OEBAAA	OOOOxx
+751	795	1	3	1	11	1	51	151	251	751	2	3	XCAAAA	PEBAAA	VVVVxx
+944	796	0	0	4	4	4	44	144	444	944	8	9	IKAAAA	QEBAAA	AAAAxx
+305	797	1	1	5	5	5	5	105	305	305	10	11	TLAAAA	REBAAA	HHHHxx
+617	798	1	1	7	17	7	17	17	117	617	14	15	TXAAAA	SEBAAA	OOOOxx
+891	799	1	3	1	11	1	91	91	391	891	2	3	HIAAAA	TEBAAA	VVVVxx
+653	800	1	1	3	13	3	53	53	153	653	6	7	DZAAAA	UEBAAA	AAAAxx
+845	801	1	1	5	5	5	45	45	345	845	10	11	NGAAAA	VEBAAA	HHHHxx
+936	802	0	0	6	16	6	36	136	436	936	12	13	AKAAAA	WEBAAA	OOOOxx
+91	803	1	3	1	11	1	91	91	91	91	2	3	NDAAAA	XEBAAA	VVVVxx
+442	804	0	2	2	2	2	42	42	442	442	4	5	ARAAAA	YEBAAA	AAAAxx
+498	805	0	2	8	18	8	98	98	498	498	16	17	ETAAAA	ZEBAAA	HHHHxx
+987	806	1	3	7	7	7	87	187	487	987	14	15	ZLAAAA	AFBAAA	OOOOxx
+194	807	0	2	4	14	4	94	194	194	194	8	9	MHAAAA	BFBAAA	VVVVxx
+927	808	1	3	7	7	7	27	127	427	927	14	15	RJAAAA	CFBAAA	AAAAxx
+607	809	1	3	7	7	7	7	7	107	607	14	15	JXAAAA	DFBAAA	HHHHxx
+119	810	1	3	9	19	9	19	119	119	119	18	19	PEAAAA	EFBAAA	OOOOxx
+182	811	0	2	2	2	2	82	182	182	182	4	5	AHAAAA	FFBAAA	VVVVxx
+606	812	0	2	6	6	6	6	6	106	606	12	13	IXAAAA	GFBAAA	AAAAxx
+849	813	1	1	9	9	9	49	49	349	849	18	19	RGAAAA	HFBAAA	HHHHxx
+34	814	0	2	4	14	4	34	34	34	34	8	9	IBAAAA	IFBAAA	OOOOxx
+683	815	1	3	3	3	3	83	83	183	683	6	7	HAAAAA	JFBAAA	VVVVxx
+134	816	0	2	4	14	4	34	134	134	134	8	9	EFAAAA	KFBAAA	AAAAxx
+331	817	1	3	1	11	1	31	131	331	331	2	3	TMAAAA	LFBAAA	HHHHxx
+808	818	0	0	8	8	8	8	8	308	808	16	17	CFAAAA	MFBAAA	OOOOxx
+703	819	1	3	3	3	3	3	103	203	703	6	7	BBAAAA	NFBAAA	VVVVxx
+669	820	1	1	9	9	9	69	69	169	669	18	19	TZAAAA	OFBAAA	AAAAxx
+264	821	0	0	4	4	4	64	64	264	264	8	9	EKAAAA	PFBAAA	HHHHxx
+277	822	1	1	7	17	7	77	77	277	277	14	15	RKAAAA	QFBAAA	OOOOxx
+877	823	1	1	7	17	7	77	77	377	877	14	15	THAAAA	RFBAAA	VVVVxx
+783	824	1	3	3	3	3	83	183	283	783	6	7	DEAAAA	SFBAAA	AAAAxx
+791	825	1	3	1	11	1	91	191	291	791	2	3	LEAAAA	TFBAAA	HHHHxx
+171	826	1	3	1	11	1	71	171	171	171	2	3	PGAAAA	UFBAAA	OOOOxx
+564	827	0	0	4	4	4	64	164	64	564	8	9	SVAAAA	VFBAAA	VVVVxx
+230	828	0	2	0	10	0	30	30	230	230	0	1	WIAAAA	WFBAAA	AAAAxx
+881	829	1	1	1	1	1	81	81	381	881	2	3	XHAAAA	XFBAAA	HHHHxx
+890	830	0	2	0	10	0	90	90	390	890	0	1	GIAAAA	YFBAAA	OOOOxx
+374	831	0	2	4	14	4	74	174	374	374	8	9	KOAAAA	ZFBAAA	VVVVxx
+697	832	1	1	7	17	7	97	97	197	697	14	15	VAAAAA	AGBAAA	AAAAxx
+4	833	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	8	9	EAAAAA	BGBAAA	HHHHxx
+385	834	1	1	5	5	5	85	185	385	385	10	11	VOAAAA	CGBAAA	OOOOxx
+739	835	1	3	9	19	9	39	139	239	739	18	19	LCAAAA	DGBAAA	VVVVxx
+623	836	1	3	3	3	3	23	23	123	623	6	7	ZXAAAA	EGBAAA	AAAAxx
+547	837	1	3	7	7	7	47	147	47	547	14	15	BVAAAA	FGBAAA	HHHHxx
+532	838	0	0	2	12	2	32	132	32	532	4	5	MUAAAA	GGBAAA	OOOOxx
+383	839	1	3	3	3	3	83	183	383	383	6	7	TOAAAA	HGBAAA	VVVVxx
+181	840	1	1	1	1	1	81	181	181	181	2	3	ZGAAAA	IGBAAA	AAAAxx
+327	841	1	3	7	7	7	27	127	327	327	14	15	PMAAAA	JGBAAA	HHHHxx
+701	842	1	1	1	1	1	1	101	201	701	2	3	ZAAAAA	KGBAAA	OOOOxx
+111	843	1	3	1	11	1	11	111	111	111	2	3	HEAAAA	LGBAAA	VVVVxx
+977	844	1	1	7	17	7	77	177	477	977	14	15	PLAAAA	MGBAAA	AAAAxx
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diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/person.data b/src/test/regress/data/person.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a65b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/person.data
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+mike	40	(3.1,6.2)
+joe	20	(5.5,2.5)
+sally	34	(3.8,45.8)
+sandra	19	(9.345,09.6)
+alex	30	(1.352,8.2)
+sue	50	(8.34,7.375)
+denise	24	(3.78,87.90)
+sarah	88	(8.4,2.3)
+teresa	38	(7.7,1.8)
+nan	28	(6.35,0.43)
+leah	68	(0.6,3.37)
+wendy	78	(2.62,03.3)
+melissa	28	(3.089,087.23)
+joan	18	(9.4,47.04)
+mary	08	(3.7,39.20)
+jane	58	(1.34,0.44)
+liza	38	(9.76,6.90)
+jean	28	(8.561,7.3)
+jenifer	38	(6.6,23.3)
+juanita	58	(4.57,35.8)
+susan	78	(6.579,3)
+zena	98	(0.35,0)
+martie	88	(8.358,.93)
+chris	78	(9.78,2)
+pat	18	(1.19,0.6)
+zola	58	(2.56,4.3)
+louise	98	(5.0,8.7)
+edna	18	(1.53,3.5)
+bertha	88	(2.75,9.4)
+sumi	38	(1.15,0.6)
+koko	88	(1.7,5.5)
+gina	18	(9.82,7.5)
+rean	48	(8.5,5.0)
+sharon	78	(9.237,8.8)
+paula	68	(0.5,0.5)
+julie	68	(3.6,7.2)
+belinda	38	(8.9,1.7)
+karen	48	(8.73,0.0)
+carina	58	(4.27,8.8)
+diane	18	(5.912,5.3)
+esther	98	(5.36,7.6)
+trudy	88	(6.01,0.5)
+fanny	08	(1.2,0.9)
+carmen	78	(3.8,8.2)
+lita	25	(1.3,8.7)
+pamela	48	(8.21,9.3)
+sandy	38	(3.8,0.2)
+trisha	88	(1.29,2.2)
+uma	78	(9.73,6.4)
+velma	68	(8.8,8.9)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/real_city.data b/src/test/regress/data/real_city.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79d7a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/real_city.data
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+0	Oakland	((-122,37.9),(-121.7,37.9),(-121.7,37.4),(-122,37.4))
+0	Oakland	((-121.7,37.4),(-121.7,37),(-122.1,37),(-122.1,37.3),(-122,37.3),(-122,37.4))
+0	Oakland	((-122.1,37.3),(-122.2,37.5),(-122,37.5))
+0	Berkeley	((-122.3,37.9),(-122,37.9),(-122,37.6),(-122.3,37.6))
+0	Lafayette	((-122.3,37.4),(-122.2,37.4),(-122.2,37),(-122.3,37))
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/rect.data b/src/test/regress/data/rect.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e32b6fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/rect.data
@@ -0,0 +1,3378 @@
+(12699,9028,12654,8987)
+(22689,4680,22614,4626)
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diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/streets.data b/src/test/regress/data/streets.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..935b045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/streets.data
@@ -0,0 +1,5124 @@
+A                             St  	[(-122.0265,37.049),(-122.0271,37.045)]
+A                             St  	[(-122.089,37.71),(-122.0886,37.711)]
+A                             St  	[(-122.0985,37.671),(-122.0981,37.674)]
+A                             St  	[(-122.0991,37.668),(-122.0988,37.669)]
+A                             St  	[(-122.103419,37.667),(-122.103439,37.667)]
+A                             St  	[(-122.103913,37.66632),(-122.104037,37.66611),(-122.104051,37.66609)]
+A                             St  	[(-122.106469,37.66446),(-122.1067,37.664)]
+A                             St  	[(-122.107,37.664),(-122.107101,37.66425),(-122.1074,37.665)]
+A                             St  	[(-122.1172,37.659),(-122.119506,37.65661)]
+Abbie                         St  	[(-121.867486,37.54243),(-121.868,37.545)]
+Acacia                        Ave 	[(-122.2353,37.457),(-122.2344,37.461)]
+Acacia                        Ave 	[(-122.2364,37.436),(-122.2364,37.443)]
+Acacia                        Ave 	[(-122.2415,37.435),(-122.2407,37.437)]
+Acadia                        Ct  	[(-121.9007,37.773),(-121.9016,37.768)]
+Acapulco                      Way 	[(-122.0517,37.91),(-122.0519,37.911)]
+Access Rd 162                     	[(-121.9469,37.993),(-121.9475,37.993)]
+Access Rd 25                      	[(-121.9283,37.894),(-121.9283,37.9)]
+Access Rd 29                      	[(-121.9339,37.854),(-121.9343,37.85)]
+Acton                         Cir 	[(-122.2824,37.681),(-122.2824,37.688)]
+Ada                           St  	[(-122.2487,37.398),(-122.2496,37.401)]
+Ada                           St  	[(-122.2807,37.807),(-122.2797,37.811)]
+Adams                         Ave 	[(-121.742,37.829),(-121.742,37.822)]
+Adams                         Ave 	[(-122.1906,37.253),(-122.1893,37.272)]
+Adams                         St  	[(-122.2349,37.542),(-122.2341,37.537)]
+Adams                         St  	[(-122.2364,37.553),(-122.2357,37.548)]
+Adason                        Dr  	[(-122.1315,37.016),(-122.1288,37.009)]
+Addison                       St  	[(-122.2735,37.705),(-122.2722,37.707)]
+Addison                       St  	[(-122.2856,37.688),(-122.2854,37.689)]
+Addison                       St  	[(-122.2874,37.686),(-122.2864,37.688)]
+Addison                       Way 	[(-121.9044,37.881),(-121.9044,37.889)]
+Addison                       Way 	[(-121.9044,37.895),(-121.9044,37.899)]
+Adelina Common                    	[(-121.925847,37.29985),(-121.925765,37.29493)]
+Adeline                       St  	[(-122.2728,37.442),(-122.2725,37.451)]
+Adeline                       St  	[(-122.2785,37.291),(-122.2783,37.296)]
+Adelle                        St  	[(-121.7793,37.841),(-121.7797,37.849)]
+Admirality                    Lane	[(-122.2424,37.323),(-122.2429,37.318)]
+Adobe                         Dr  	[(-122.0304,37.579),(-122.0278,37.592)]
+Adrian                        Ave 	[(-122.1019,37.389),(-122.1019,37.369)]
+Adriano                       St  	[(-122.032,37.663),(-122.0312,37.653)]
+Agate                         Ct  	[(-121.801,37.653),(-121.8008,37.649)]
+Agena                         Cir 	[(-122.0694,37.847),(-122.0696,37.839)]
+Agua Fria Creek                   	[(-121.909487,37.94485),(-121.910653,37.94809)]
+Agua Fria Creek                   	[(-121.9125,37.95367),(-121.9138,37.958)]
+Agua Fria Creek                   	[(-121.9254,37.922),(-121.9281,37.889)]
+Agua Fria Creek                   	[(-121.935,37.828),(-121.9356,37.826)]
+Agua Vista                        	[(-122.0796,37.896),(-122.0792,37.896)]
+Agua Vista                    St  	[(-122.2089,37.839),(-122.2069,37.819)]
+Aileen                        St  	[(-122.2612,37.42),(-122.2622,37.421)]
+Airport                       Road	[(-122.2085,37.147),(-122.2101,37.154)]
+Aladdin                       Ave 	[(-122.1532,37.088),(-122.1577,37.068)]
+Alameda                       Ave 	[(-122.2197,37.68),(-122.2192,37.68)]
+Alameda                       Ave 	[(-122.2555,37.689),(-122.2534,37.68)]
+Alameda                       Ave 	[(-122.2605,37.713),(-122.2588,37.704)]
+Alameda                       Dr  	[(-121.8756,37.746),(-121.8763,37.746)]
+Alameda                       Road	[(-122.2955,37.875),(-122.2963,37.871)]
+Alameda Belt Line Railroad        	[(-122.2586,37.769),(-122.2624,37.784)]
+Alameda Belt Line Railroad        	[(-122.2697,37.798),(-122.2709,37.797)]
+Alameda Creek                     	[(-121.8283,37.151),(-121.8273,37.142)]
+Alameda Creek                     	[(-121.909502,37.93892),(-121.909,37.94)]
+Alameda Creek                     	[(-121.930593,37.93785),(-121.930096,37.94011)]
+Alameda Creek                     	[(-121.9466,37.974),(-121.9503,37.973)]
+Alameda Creek                     	[(-121.9691,37.748),(-121.97,37.73)]
+Alameda Creek                     	[(-121.9724,37.727),(-121.9738,37.726)]
+Alameda Creek                     	[(-121.978805,37.72143),(-121.9839,37.717)]
+Alameda Creek                     	[(-122.0136,37.734),(-122.0165,37.748)]
+Alameda Creek                     	[(-122.022956,37.77306),(-122.025,37.781)]
+Alameda Creek                     	[(-122.038,37.877),(-122.0446,37.873)]
+Alameda Creek                     	[(-122.0513,37.248),(-122.0556,37.215)]
+Alameda Diversion                 	[(-121.774647,37.97333),(-121.772718,37.98591)]
+Alamo Canal                       	[(-121.910434,37.73476),(-121.9101,37.726)]
+Alamo Canal                       	[(-121.9117,37.768),(-121.911261,37.75648)]
+Alamo Creek                       	[(-121.910523,37.2611),(-121.910923,37.26374)]
+Albany                        St  	[(-122.0327,37.129),(-122.0326,37.115)]
+Albany                        Ter 	[(-122.2864,37.868),(-122.2856,37.867)]
+Alborg                        Ct  	[(-122.0492,37.154),(-122.0484,37.15)]
+Alcatraz                      Ave 	[(-122.2525,37.515),(-122.2531,37.514)]
+Alcatraz                      Ave 	[(-122.2617,37.502),(-122.2624,37.501)]
+Alcatraz                      Ave 	[(-122.279,37.479),(-122.2773,37.482)]
+Alcatraz                      Ave 	[(-122.2817,37.475),(-122.2825,37.475)]
+Alcosta                       Blvd	[(-121.938,37.237),(-121.9392,37.235)]
+Alden                         Lane	[(-121.786092,37.56057),(-121.7837,37.56)]
+Alden                         Lane	[(-121.7978,37.561),(-121.795183,37.561)]
+Alden                         Road	[(-122.1116,37.817),(-122.110686,37.81989),(-122.1097,37.823)]
+Alder                         Ct  	[(-122.0117,37.66),(-122.0109,37.653)]
+Alexander                     Ct  	[(-121.8708,37.845),(-121.8706,37.841)]
+Alexander                     St  	[(-121.7888,37.724),(-121.7874,37.724)]
+Alexandria                    St  	[(-122.1411,37.892),(-122.1417,37.892)]
+Algonquin                     Ave 	[(-121.7851,37.888),(-121.7852,37.891)]
+Alhambra                      Lane	[(-122.2107,37.368),(-122.2102,37.367)]
+Alicante                      Dr  	[(-122.0211,37.587),(-122.0198,37.582)]
+Alice                         St  	[(-122.086,37.644),(-122.0848,37.625)]
+Alice                         St  	[(-122.2696,37.967),(-122.2695,37.969)]
+Alice                         St  	[(-122.2722,37.927),(-122.2714,37.94)]
+Alice                         Way 	[(-121.7968,37.718),(-121.7958,37.718)]
+Alice                         Way 	[(-122.0715,37.836),(-122.072,37.833)]
+Alida                         St  	[(-122.2025,37.06),(-122.2019,37.056)]
+Alisal                        St  	[(-121.86925,37.34979),(-121.8685,37.326)]
+Alisal                        St  	[(-121.87,37.382),(-121.8695,37.35)]
+Aliso                         Ave 	[(-122.1809,37.953),(-122.18,37.946)]
+Allegro                       Ct  	[(-121.9755,37.201),(-121.9764,37.201)]
+Allen                         Ct  	[(-122.0131,37.602),(-122.0117,37.597)]
+Allendale                     Ave 	[(-122.2048,37.863),(-122.2041,37.858),(-122.2035,37.851)]
+Allendale                     Ave 	[(-122.2067,37.882),(-122.2065,37.879)]
+Allison                       Dr  	[(-122.0748,37.863),(-122.073,37.855)]
+Allston                       Way 	[(-122.2799,37.677),(-122.2787,37.681)]
+Alma                          Ct  	[(-121.9087,37.799),(-121.9089,37.814)]
+Almaden                       Blvd	[(-122.0551,37.008),(-122.0551,37.016)]
+Almaden                       Pl  	[(-121.9603,37.697),(-121.9601,37.693)]
+Almeria                       Dr  	[(-122.0711,37.224),(-122.0736,37.224)]
+Almond                        Ave 	[(-121.7387,37.75527),(-121.7387,37.74118)]
+Almond                        Ave 	[(-121.7388,37.778),(-121.7387,37.772)]
+Almond                        Road	[(-122.0818,37.132),(-122.0831,37.116)]
+Aloe                          Ct  	[(-121.9158,37.922),(-121.9152,37.927)]
+Alpine                        Ter 	[(-122.2374,37.445),(-122.2377,37.459)]
+Alta                          Dr  	[(-122.0109,37.424),(-122.0101,37.419)]
+Alta Vista                    Ave 	[(-122.2483,37.174),(-122.2473,37.167)]
+Altamont Creek                    	[(-121.7422,37.178),(-121.7413,37.203)]
+Altamont Creek                    	[(-121.7509,37.149),(-121.7474,37.154)]
+Altamont Pass                 Road	[(-121.659901,37.44449),(-121.666828,37.41016)]
+Altimirano                    Dr  	[(-121.8781,37.0193),(-121.8713,37.01707)]
+Alton                         Ct  	[(-121.9977,37.581),(-121.9981,37.576)]
+Alvarado                      Blvd	[(-122.0562,37.829),(-122.055814,37.82723)]
+Alvarado                      Road	[(-122.2339,37.608),(-122.2322,37.616)]
+Alvarado                      Road	[(-122.2391,37.573),(-122.2397,37.58)]
+Alvarado                      St  	[(-122.1505,37.05),(-122.1494,37.03)]
+Alvarado Niles                Road	[(-122.0325,37.903),(-122.0316,37.9)]
+Alvarado Niles                Road	[(-122.049848,37.95115),(-122.0473,37.945)]
+Alvord                        Way 	[(-121.9085,37.891),(-121.9093,37.889)]
+Amador                        St  	[(-122.0963,37.614),(-122.0962,37.609)]
+Amador                        St  	[(-122.0981,37.647),(-122.0966,37.635)]
+Amador                        St  	[(-122.0999,37.664),(-122.099,37.655)]
+Amador Valley                 Blvd	[(-121.9198,37.146),(-121.9211,37.138)]
+Amador Valley                 Ct  	[(-121.9365,37.068),(-121.937909,37.06375)]
+Amarillo                      Ct  	[(-121.9439,37.044),(-121.9432,37.046)]
+Ambar                         Pl  	[(-121.9494,37.482),(-121.9479,37.474)]
+Amber                         Ct  	[(-121.7997,37.708),(-121.7997,37.704)]
+Amber                         Way 	[(-121.8025,37.707),(-121.8015,37.708)]
+American                      Ave 	[(-122.1271,37.478),(-122.1281,37.489)]
+Ames                          Ter 	[(-121.9962,37.763),(-121.9955,37.762)]
+Amherst                       Ct  	[(-122.1571,37.036),(-122.1575,37.034)]
+Anchor                        Dr  	[(-122.3027,37.374),(-122.3032,37.383)]
+Andrade                       Road	[(-121.8842,37.741),(-121.8841,37.738)]
+Andrade                       Road	[(-121.8853,37.565),(-121.8855,37.564)]
+Andrea                        Cir 	[(-121.733218,37.88641),(-121.733286,37.90617)]
+Andrews                       St  	[(-121.7814,37.834),(-121.7814,37.829)]
+Angela                        St  	[(-121.865522,37.55324),(-121.8652,37.552)]
+Angela                        St  	[(-121.8795,37.607),(-121.8798,37.608)]
+Angus                         Way 	[(-122.098774,37.86535),(-122.0986,37.861)]
+Anita                         Ct  	[(-121.9655,37.744),(-121.9653,37.738)]
+Ann                           St  	[(-121.9888,37.604),(-121.9894,37.603)]
+Anna Maria                    St  	[(-121.7957,37.756),(-121.7958,37.725)]
+Annerley                      Road	[(-122.2328,37.168),(-122.2325,37.17)]
+Antelope                      Ct  	[(-122.0653,37.773),(-122.0648,37.773)]
+Antonio                       St  	[(-122.1642,37.251),(-122.1653,37.247)]
+Anza                          St  	[(-121.9184,37.306),(-121.9197,37.304)]
+Anza                          Way 	[(-121.7794,37.714),(-121.7788,37.714)]
+Apgar                         St  	[(-122.2709,37.288),(-122.2719,37.29)]
+Apgar                         St  	[(-122.278,37.291),(-122.2785,37.291)]
+Apollo                        Cir 	[(-122.068531,37.87654),(-122.0686,37.877)]
+Appian                        Way 	[(-122.0022,37.98),(-122.0019,37.983)]
+Apple                         Ave 	[(-122.0909,37.85),(-122.0901,37.857)]
+Applewood                     St  	[(-121.9629,37.192),(-121.9616,37.168)]
+Apricot                       Lane	[(-121.9471,37.401),(-121.9456,37.392)]
+Aquarius                      Cir 	[(-122.0669,37.877),(-122.0674,37.88)]
+Arbor                         Dr  	[(-121.8506,37.576),(-121.8521,37.578)]
+Arbor                         St  	[(-122.2587,37.758),(-122.2582,37.765)]
+Arcade                        Lane	[(-122.2514,37.865),(-122.251558,37.86316)]
+Arch                          St  	[(-122.2639,37.79),(-122.2638,37.782)]
+Arch                          St  	[(-122.2647,37.846),(-122.2646,37.844)]
+Archer                        Ave 	[(-121.9879,37.627),(-121.9888,37.626)]
+Arden                         Road	[(-122.0978,37.177),(-122.1,37.177)]
+Ardenwood                     Blvd	[(-122.063701,37.59653),(-122.063302,37.58815)]
+Ardmore                       Dr  	[(-122.1308,37.211),(-122.1293,37.212)]
+Ardo                          St  	[(-122.0295,37.682),(-122.0302,37.674)]
+Ardo                          St  	[(-122.0306,37.659),(-122.0312,37.653)]
+Arena                         St  	[(-122.155014,37.82347),(-122.1559,37.82)]
+Arendt                        Way 	[(-121.8717,37.606),(-121.871,37.602)]
+Argonaut                      Way 	[(-121.993,37.475),(-121.9926,37.473)]
+Argonne                       St  	[(-122.146,37.806),(-122.1455,37.801),(-122.1451,37.796)]
+Arizona                       St  	[(-122.0381,37.901),(-122.0367,37.898)]
+Arizona                       St  	[(-122.044507,37.905),(-122.0443,37.904)]
+Arizona                       St  	[(-122.1985,37.978),(-122.1981,37.974)]
+Ark                           Dr  	[(-122.1313,37.029),(-122.1313,37.036)]
+Arkansas                      Pl  	[(-121.9148,37.696),(-121.9149,37.699)]
+Arlington                     Ave 	[(-122.2699,37.43),(-122.2719,37.428)]
+Arlington                     Ave 	[(-122.276,37.024),(-122.276,37.014)]
+Arlington                     Ave 	[(-122.276,37.988),(-122.2753,37.974)]
+Arlington                     Dr  	[(-121.8802,37.408),(-121.8807,37.394)]
+Arlington                     Road	[(-121.7957,37.898),(-121.7956,37.906)]
+Armata                        St  	[(-121.9236,37.858),(-121.9232,37.853)]
+Arnold                        Ct  	[(-122.0887,37.669),(-122.0894,37.666)]
+Arnold                        Road	[(-121.8923,37.113),(-121.8924,37.111)]
+Arnold                        Road	[(-121.8924,37.06),(-121.8924,37.062)]
+Arrowhead                     Dr  	[(-122.1943,37.389),(-122.1908,37.366)]
+Arroyo                        Dr  	[(-121.9049,37.509),(-121.9029,37.516)]
+Arroyo                        Road	[(-121.749307,37.14717),(-121.7481,37.14957)]
+Arroyo                        Road	[(-121.7506,37.189),(-121.75,37.18541)]
+Arroyo                        Road	[(-121.7555,37.258),(-121.7556,37.251)]
+Arroyo                        Road	[(-121.76696,37.7112),(-121.76687,37.7094)]
+Arroyo                        Road	[(-121.7671,37.654),(-121.767086,37.65214),(-121.767,37.641)]
+Arroyo de la Laguna               	[(-121.9064,37.612),(-121.9047,37.551)]
+Arroyo del Valle                  	[(-121.607487,37.89841),(-121.612773,37.92638)]
+Arroyo del Valle                  	[(-121.654588,37.36507),(-121.656972,37.4088)]
+Arroyo del Valle                  	[(-121.75,37.20484),(-121.7584,37.208)]
+Arroyo del Valle                  	[(-121.8049,37.539),(-121.7856,37.463)]
+Arroyo del Valle                  	[(-121.8751,37.656),(-121.8731,37.646)]
+Arroyo Las Positas                	[(-121.7308,37.87),(-121.72772,37.85435)]
+Arroyo Las Positas                	[(-121.7349,37.943),(-121.734048,37.9262)]
+Arroyo Las Positas                	[(-121.7836,37.997),(-121.783492,37.99605)]
+Arroyo Las Positas                	[(-121.7973,37.997),(-121.7957,37.005)]
+Arroyo Las Positas                	[(-121.8473,37.965),(-121.8312,37.992)]
+Arroyo Las Positas                	[(-121.858962,37.94925),(-121.858919,37.95878)]
+Arroyo Mocho                      	[(-121.553409,37.25257),(-121.565204,37.37327)]
+Arroyo Mocho                      	[(-121.625,37.83316),(-121.624698,37.83019)]
+Arroyo Mocho                      	[(-121.660579,37.01388),(-121.668949,37.027),(-121.682578,37.10817)]
+Arroyo Mocho                      	[(-121.7316,37.595),(-121.7186,37.466)]
+Arroyo Mocho Canal                	[(-121.90854,37.78099),(-121.907797,37.78392)]
+Arroyo Seco                       	[(-121.655796,37.50684),(-121.657215,37.51096)]
+Arroyo Seco                       	[(-121.7073,37.766),(-121.6997,37.729)]
+Arroyuelo                     Ave 	[(-122.2496,37.271),(-122.249564,37.2728)]
+Ascot                         Dr  	[(-122.1934,37.217),(-122.1926,37.219)]
+Ascot                         Dr  	[(-122.1969,37.211),(-122.1951,37.207)]
+Ash                           St  	[(-122.0384,37.259),(-122.0388,37.276)]
+Ash                           St  	[(-122.0408,37.31),(-122.04,37.292)]
+Ashby                         Ave 	[(-122.2494,37.579),(-122.2485,37.579)]
+Ashby                         Ave 	[(-122.2526,37.574),(-122.2518,37.574)]
+Ashby                         Ave 	[(-122.264,37.557),(-122.263,37.559)]
+Ashland                       Ave 	[(-122.1178,37.941),(-122.1178,37.93)]
+Ashland                       Ave 	[(-122.1179,37.914),(-122.1179,37.913)]
+Ashwood Common                    	[(-121.962832,37.21086),(-121.963052,37.21067)]
+Asilomar                      Dr  	[(-122.2028,37.298),(-122.20355,37.2905)]
+Asilomar                      Dr  	[(-122.2041,37.333),(-122.204,37.312)]
+Aspinwall                     Road	[(-122.2074,37.39),(-122.2068,37.39)]
+Aster                         Ct  	[(-121.9125,37.72),(-121.9129,37.719)]
+At and Sf Railroad                	[(-122.2765,37.347),(-122.2768,37.339)]
+At and Sf Railroad                	[(-122.2767,37.463),(-122.2766,37.454)]
+At and Sf Railroad                	[(-122.2785,37.544),(-122.2784,37.535)]
+At and Sf Railroad                	[(-122.281389,37.30695),(-122.282488,37.30491)]
+At and Sf Railroad                	[(-122.2827,37.611),(-122.2821,37.603)]
+At and Sf Railroad                	[(-122.2844,37.293),(-122.2848,37.291)]
+At and Sf Railroad                	[(-122.2878,37.788),(-122.2874,37.783)]
+At and Sf Railroad                	[(-122.288,37.3),(-122.288,37.294)]
+Atherton                      St  	[(-122.0819,37.68),(-122.0809,37.669)]
+Atherton                      St  	[(-122.0838,37.7),(-122.0829,37.69)]
+Atherton                      St  	[(-122.1701,37.612),(-122.1696,37.606)]
+Athol                         Ave 	[(-122.2535,37.01),(-122.2523,37.016)]
+Atlantic                      Ave 	[(-122.2831,37.804),(-122.2816,37.803)]
+Atlantic                      St  	[(-122.0371,37.018),(-122.0382,37.018)]
+Atlas                         Ave 	[(-122.1889,37.964),(-122.1882,37.966)]
+Atwater                       Ct  	[(-122.0076,37.662),(-122.0084,37.654)]
+Auburn                        Ave 	[(-122.25,37.489),(-122.25035,37.4945)]
+Audrey                        Dr  	[(-122.069,37.13),(-122.0683,37.131)]
+Audubon                       St  	[(-122.0388,37.261),(-122.0383,37.258)]
+Aughinbaugh                   Way 	[(-122.2491,37.473),(-122.249,37.471)]
+Augustine                     Pl  	[(-122.0169,37.732),(-122.0163,37.725)]
+Aurora                        Dr  	[(-122.1804,37.973),(-122.18,37.966)]
+Auseon                        Ave 	[(-122.1653,37.565),(-122.165,37.567)]
+Austin                        St  	[(-121.943,37.422),(-121.9435,37.425)]
+Autumn Oak                    Dr  	[(-121.749435,37.09187),(-121.749806,37.10065)]
+Avalon                        Ave 	[(-122.2477,37.597),(-122.246,37.598)]
+Avenue 130th                      	[(-122.1851,37.044),(-122.1872,37.036)]
+Avenue 134th                      	[(-122.1823,37.002),(-122.1851,37.992)]
+Avenue 140th                      	[(-122.1656,37.003),(-122.1691,37.988)]
+Avenue A                          	[(-122.3005,37.885),(-122.3024,37.885)]
+Avenue A                          	[(-122.3035,37.885),(-122.3076,37.886)]
+Avenue D                          	[(-122.298,37.848),(-122.3024,37.849)]
+Avenue F                          	[(-122.2943,37.831),(-122.2971,37.832)]
+Avenue L                          	[(-122.296,37.757),(-122.2985,37.757)]
+Avoca                         Ave 	[(-122.2211,37.413),(-122.2204,37.416)]
+Ayala                         Ave 	[(-122.2587,37.429),(-122.2584,37.435)]
+Azalea                        Ct  	[(-121.7365,37.13),(-121.7357,37.136)]
+Azevedo                       Ave 	[(-122.0639,37.756),(-122.0641,37.75)]
+Aztec                         Ct  	[(-121.922,37.92),(-121.921,37.92)]
+B                             St  	[(-121.8924,37.95133),(-121.8924,37.952)]
+B                             St  	[(-122.0241,37.05),(-122.0248,37.045)]
+B                             St  	[(-122.0531,37.434),(-122.0537,37.434)]
+B                             St  	[(-122.0656,37.823),(-122.0652,37.825)]
+B                             St  	[(-122.0799,37.742),(-122.0782,37.753)]
+B                             St  	[(-122.087,37.707),(-122.0863,37.709)]
+B                             St  	[(-122.0955,37.673),(-122.0944,37.677)]
+B                             St  	[(-122.1749,37.451),(-122.1743,37.443)]
+Bach                          Ct  	[(-121.9778,37.295),(-121.9769,37.292)]
+Bahama                        Ave 	[(-122.1039,37.335),(-122.1031,37.321)]
+Bahama Com                        	[(-122.0361,37.72),(-122.036031,37.72046),(-122.0358,37.722)]
+Baine                         Ave 	[(-122.0089,37.565),(-122.0104,37.546)]
+Bairo                         Ct  	[(-121.9505,37.398),(-121.9498,37.393)]
+Baker                         St  	[(-122.2792,37.495),(-122.2791,37.488)]
+Balboa                        Dr  	[(-122.1982,37.319),(-122.1971,37.333)]
+Balboa                        Way 	[(-122.0205,37.519),(-122.0207,37.517)]
+Baldwin                       Pl  	[(-122.0274,37.697),(-122.0265,37.692)]
+Ballantyne                    Dr  	[(-121.858907,37.985),(-121.8585,37.985)]
+Ballantyne                    Dr  	[(-121.8611,37.986),(-121.8605,37.985)]
+Ballena                       Blvd	[(-122.2854,37.691),(-122.285393,37.68924)]
+Ballentine                    Dr  	[(-121.859765,37.96825),(-121.860477,37.96784)]
+Balmoral                      Dr  	[(-122.1639,37.981),(-122.1635,37.988)]
+Balmoral                      Dr  	[(-122.1658,37.027),(-122.1656,37.042)]
+Balmoral                      St  	[(-122.055,37.971),(-122.0555,37.979)]
+Banbury                       St  	[(-122.0943,37.495),(-122.0949,37.493)]
+Bancroft                      Ave 	[(-122.1475,37.288),(-122.147,37.276)]
+Bancroft                      Ave 	[(-122.1485,37.311),(-122.1481,37.303)]
+Bancroft                      Ave 	[(-122.1518,37.358),(-122.1511,37.349)]
+Bancroft                      Ave 	[(-122.15714,37.4242),(-122.156,37.409)]
+Bancroft                      Ave 	[(-122.1585,37.445),(-122.1583,37.441)]
+Bancroft                      Ave 	[(-122.1643,37.523),(-122.1631,37.508),(-122.1621,37.493)]
+Bancroft                      Ave 	[(-122.1718,37.62),(-122.1715,37.617)]
+Bancroft                      Ave 	[(-122.1796,37.689),(-122.1792,37.684)]
+Bancroft                      Ave 	[(-122.1903,37.706),(-122.189,37.705)]
+Bancroft                      Ave 	[(-122.2041,37.716),(-122.202,37.716)]
+Bancroft                      Ct  	[(-122.1329,37.109),(-122.1322,37.116)]
+Bancroft                      Way 	[(-122.2753,37.667),(-122.2742,37.668)]
+Bancroft                      Way 	[(-122.2846,37.654),(-122.283747,37.655)]
+Bancroft                      Way 	[(-122.291,37.644),(-122.2899,37.647)]
+Bandon                        Dr  	[(-121.9311,37.234),(-121.931,37.237)]
+Banyan Tree                   Road	[(-121.9901,37.317),(-121.9877,37.304)]
+Barbers Point                 Road	[(-122.2957,37.896),(-122.2965,37.894)]
+Barcelona                     Ave 	[(-122.0896,37.276),(-122.0894,37.253)]
+Barcelona                     St  	[(-122.1459,37.639),(-122.1445,37.623)]
+Barcelona                     Way 	[(-122.0787,37.86),(-122.0783,37.858)]
+Bardolph                      Cir 	[(-122.0583,37.718),(-122.0586,37.726)]
+Barlow                        Dr  	[(-122.0891,37.034),(-122.088,37.037),(-122.086558,37.03988)]
+Barlow                        Dr  	[(-122.0915,37.03),(-122.0903,37.032)]
+Bart                          Ramp	[(-122.0495,37.208),(-122.0473,37.196)]
+Bart Access                   Road	[(-122.0346,37.081),(-122.0329,37.057)]
+Bartlett                      Lane	[(-122.111062,37.71771),(-122.10988,37.70276)]
+Bartlett                      St  	[(-122.2071,37.902),(-122.2053,37.913)]
+Barton                        Dr  	[(-121.9655,37.744),(-121.9644,37.749)]
+Bates                         Dr  	[(-122.0328,37.748),(-122.0322,37.745)]
+Baumberg                      Ave 	[(-122.0987,37.241),(-122.0985,37.237)]
+Bautista                      St  	[(-121.9227,37.29),(-121.9225,37.284)]
+Bay                           St  	[(-121.9611,37.33),(-121.9627,37.329)]
+Bay                           St  	[(-122.2642,37.732),(-122.2641,37.751)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-121.983355,37.64329),(-121.982907,37.63842)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.0049,37.816),(-122.004,37.809)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.007,37.833),(-122.0062,37.827)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.02,37.935),(-122.0193,37.926)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.0309,37.057),(-122.0281,37.027),(-122.0262,37.001)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.0813,37.661),(-122.0806,37.654)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.0981,37.779),(-122.0963,37.767)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.1694,37.311),(-122.1679,37.3)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.2086,37.641),(-122.2061,37.619)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.2129,37.676),(-122.212,37.668)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.2172,37.713),(-122.2184,37.719)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.231147,37.54912),(-122.229,37.562)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.2349,37.525),(-122.2339,37.532)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.2571,37.427),(-122.2563,37.431)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.2658,37.337),(-122.2644,37.38)]
+Bay Area Rapid Transit            	[(-122.267508,37.25368),(-122.2674,37.258)]
+Bay Forest                    Dr  	[(-122.2139,37.561),(-122.2142,37.565)]
+Bay Walk                      Road	[(-122.2471,37.389),(-122.2462,37.389)]
+Bayfield                      Pl  	[(-121.9665,37.204),(-121.9664,37.196)]
+Baylor                        St  	[(-122.0272,37.93),(-122.0284,37.903)]
+Bayview                       Ave 	[(-122.0584,37.864),(-122.0581,37.855)]
+Bayview                       Dr  	[(-122.2386,37.511),(-122.2379,37.514)]
+Beachwood                     Way 	[(-121.8817,37.731),(-121.8807,37.731)]
+Beacon                        St  	[(-122.2484,37.09),(-122.2472,37.088)]
+Beard                         Road	[(-122.0417,37.819),(-122.0424,37.81)]
+Beard                         Road	[(-122.0447,37.778),(-122.045,37.775)]
+Beaumont                      Ave 	[(-122.2263,37.033),(-122.2262,37.04)]
+Becket                        Dr  	[(-122.0509,37.005),(-122.0509,37.033)]
+Bedelio                       Ter 	[(-122.019,37.579),(-122.018,37.574)]
+Bedford                       St  	[(-121.9333,37.403),(-121.9338,37.402)]
+Bedford                       Way 	[(-121.928,37.149),(-121.9288,37.15)]
+Beecham                       Ct  	[(-121.8693,37.959),(-121.8704,37.959)]
+Beechmont                     Lane	[(-122.0971,37.558),(-122.0984,37.555)]
+Begier                        Ave 	[(-122.15,37.314),(-122.1488,37.317)]
+Begonia                       Dr  	[(-122.1334,37.01),(-122.1342,37.01)]
+Begonia                       St  	[(-122.0153,37.785),(-122.0156,37.772)]
+Begonia                       St  	[(-122.0218,37.797),(-122.022,37.789)]
+Bel Aire                      St  	[(-122.0717,37.726),(-122.0714,37.725)]
+Bell                          St  	[(-121.99126,37.4916),(-121.991407,37.49215)]
+Belleview                     Dr  	[(-122.1626,37.325),(-122.1635,37.32)]
+Bellevue                      Ave 	[(-122.2529,37.13),(-122.2521,37.111)]
+Bellflower                    Dr  	[(-122.0103,37.317),(-122.009979,37.31387)]
+Bellhaven                     Ave 	[(-122.0354,37.414),(-122.0364,37.405)]
+Belmont                       Ave 	[(-122.0708,37.588),(-122.0703,37.582)]
+Belvedere                     Ave 	[(-122.1768,37.918),(-122.1772,37.918)]
+Belvedere                     Ave 	[(-122.2892,37.767),(-122.2888,37.759)]
+Benecia                       Ave 	[(-122.0077,37.222),(-122.0076,37.225)]
+Benedict                      Dr  	[(-122.1326,37.204),(-122.1323,37.199)]
+Benner                        Ct  	[(-121.9063,37.891),(-121.9076,37.888)]
+Bennington                    Lane	[(-122.103818,37.36136),(-122.1045,37.361)]
+Benson                        Road	[(-122.083217,37.94765),(-122.0891,37.928)]
+Benton                        St  	[(-122.2605,37.713),(-122.2605,37.731)]
+Berkeley                      Way 	[(-122.2747,37.722),(-122.2726,37.725)]
+Berlin                        Way 	[(-121.7774,37.649),(-121.7766,37.649)]
+Bernal                        Ave 	[(-121.8556,37.668),(-121.85626,37.68656)]
+Bernal                        Ave 	[(-121.895208,37.57837),(-121.884914,37.57603)]
+Bernhardt                     Dr  	[(-122.1852,37.297),(-122.1847,37.292)]
+Bernhardt                     St  	[(-122.1326,37.399),(-122.1322,37.449)]
+Berwind                       Ave 	[(-121.7308,37.183),(-121.7303,37.181)]
+Besco                         Dr  	[(-121.9764,37.32),(-121.9761,37.311)]
+Bess                          Ave 	[(-121.765239,37.625),(-121.763602,37.625)]
+Best                          Ave 	[(-122.1622,37.284),(-122.1636,37.278)]
+Betlen                        Dr  	[(-121.9407,37.026),(-121.9397,37.029)]
+Betlen                        Dr  	[(-121.9507,37.018),(-121.950121,37.01678)]
+Bettencourt                   St  	[(-122.0479,37.34),(-122.0473,37.337)]
+Beverly                       Ave 	[(-122.1578,37.382),(-122.1572,37.375)]
+Beverly                       Ave 	[(-122.1586,37.395),(-122.1582,37.388)]
+Beverly                       St  	[(-121.736023,37.85177),(-121.737956,37.84632)]
+Bianca                        Way 	[(-121.7244,37.946),(-121.7257,37.945)]
+Bianca                        Way 	[(-121.7281,37.939),(-121.729,37.937)]
+Biddle                        Ave 	[(-122.0317,37.425),(-122.0329,37.417)]
+Bidwell                       Dr  	[(-121.9748,37.448),(-121.9763,37.427)]
+Bidwell                       Dr  	[(-121.9763,37.422),(-121.9764,37.42)]
+Biehs                         Ct  	[(-122.2289,37.386),(-122.2283,37.391)]
+Big Burn                      Road	[(-122.0918,37.802),(-122.1091,37.788)]
+Binnacle Hill                     	[(-122.2269,37.533),(-122.2274,37.523)]
+Birch                         St  	[(-122.0269,37.368),(-122.0254,37.36)]
+Birch                         St  	[(-122.1617,37.425),(-122.1614,37.417)]
+Birch                         St  	[(-122.1653,37.478),(-122.1641,37.464)]
+Birch                         St  	[(-122.1673,37.509),(-122.1661,37.492)]
+Birch Creek                   Dr  	[(-121.8641,37.629),(-121.8642,37.64)]
+Birdsall                      Ave 	[(-122.1907,37.774),(-122.1907,37.781)]
+Birdsall                      Ave 	[(-122.191,37.789),(-122.1911,37.796)]
+Birkdale                      Dr  	[(-122.0515,37.373),(-122.0521,37.368)]
+Birkdale                      Way 	[(-122.0406,37.17),(-122.0386,37.153)]
+Biscayne                      Ave 	[(-122.0734,37.278),(-122.0734,37.274)]
+Bishop                        Ave 	[(-121.9911,37.635),(-121.9921,37.632)]
+Bitterroot                    Ave 	[(-122.0091,37.276),(-122.0087,37.282)]
+Black                         Ave 	[(-121.8816,37.721),(-121.8826,37.721)]
+Black                         Ave 	[(-121.8909,37.704),(-121.892,37.698)]
+Black                         Ave 	[(-121.8964,37.701),(-121.8967,37.706)]
+Blackbird                     Way 	[(-121.8867,37.801),(-121.8876,37.801),(-121.8882,37.801)]
+Blackstone                    Way 	[(-122.0393,37.724),(-122.0388,37.721)]
+Blackstone                    Way 	[(-122.0418,37.736),(-122.043,37.743)]
+Blacow                        Road	[(-121.9909,37.33),(-121.9895,37.324)]
+Blacow                        Road	[(-122.0061,37.409),(-122.0053,37.405)]
+Blacow                        Road	[(-122.0179,37.469),(-122.0167,37.465)]
+Blair                         Ave 	[(-122.2225,37.27),(-122.2217,37.276)]
+Blair                         Ave 	[(-122.2364,37.263),(-122.2359,37.267)]
+Blaisdell                     Way 	[(-121.9858,37.816),(-121.9853,37.811)]
+Blake                         St  	[(-122.2622,37.639),(-122.2599,37.642)]
+Blake                         St  	[(-122.2864,37.605),(-122.2845,37.608)]
+Blanchard                     St  	[(-121.97,37.382),(-121.9693,37.382)]
+Blanchard                     St  	[(-121.9729,37.38),(-121.9709,37.383)]
+Blanding                      Ave 	[(-122.2313,37.68),(-122.2328,37.686)]
+Blewett                       St  	[(-121.9732,37.373),(-121.9733,37.369)]
+Bloomington                   Way 	[(-121.9448,37.205),(-121.9434,37.204)]
+Blossom                       Ct  	[(-121.8766,37.395),(-121.876493,37.39469)]
+Blossom                       Ct  	[(-122.0212,37.772),(-122.0213,37.769)]
+Blossom                       Way 	[(-122.1096,37.758),(-122.1087,37.764),(-122.1057,37.774)]
+Blue Coral                        	[(-121.965392,37.69509),(-121.965261,37.70132)]
+Bluebell                      Dr  	[(-121.74,37.151),(-121.7411,37.161)]
+Bluefield                     Lane	[(-122.1024,37.584),(-122.1033,37.561)]
+Blythe                        St  	[(-122.0704,37.745),(-122.0711,37.739)]
+Boar                          Cir 	[(-121.912463,37.08667),(-121.912335,37.09052)]
+Bobwhite                      Ter 	[(-122.046797,37.80224),(-122.046672,37.80179)]
+Bockman                       Road	[(-122.1206,37.713),(-122.122,37.712)]
+Bodie                         Ter 	[(-121.9253,37.884),(-121.9247,37.887)]
+Boeing                        St  	[(-122.2122,37.34),(-122.2112,37.322)]
+Bolero                        Ave 	[(-122.0904,37.297),(-122.0913,37.297)]
+Bonar                         St  	[(-122.2857,37.653),(-122.2856,37.642)]
+Bond                          St  	[(-122.2071,37.718),(-122.2067,37.716)]
+Bond                          St  	[(-122.2126,37.75),(-122.2116,37.739)]
+Bonde                         Way 	[(-122.0077,37.59),(-122.0084,37.58)]
+Bonita                        Ave 	[(-122.2355,37.306),(-122.235,37.296)]
+Bonita                        Ave 	[(-122.2727,37.843),(-122.2725,37.835)]
+Bonner                        Ave 	[(-121.9748,37.635),(-121.976,37.631)]
+Bonnie                        St  	[(-122.0332,37.381),(-122.0324,37.378)]
+Booker                        Way 	[(-122.0898,37.464),(-122.0902,37.454)]
+Boone                         Dr  	[(-121.9825,37.329),(-121.9829,37.324)]
+Boone                         Dr  	[(-122.0271,37.151),(-122.02815,37.14124)]
+Bordeaux                      St  	[(-121.7685,37.688),(-121.7687,37.664)]
+Boston                        Ave 	[(-122.2132,37.961),(-122.2129,37.969)]
+Boulevard                     Way 	[(-122.2427,37.18),(-122.2423,37.181)]
+Bourbon                       Dr  	[(-122.0869,37.194),(-122.0878,37.192)]
+Bowditch                      St  	[(-122.2559,37.665),(-122.2557,37.656)]
+Bowie Common                      	[(-122.042847,37.64532),(-122.042808,37.64484)]
+Boxwood                       Way 	[(-121.9329,37.094),(-121.9335,37.096)]
+Bradrick                      Dr  	[(-122.138,37.962),(-122.1361,37.963)]
+Bradshire                     Road	[(-122.0885,37.204),(-122.0883,37.2)]
+Bramble                       Ct  	[(-122.0944,37.941),(-122.0951,37.94)]
+Brann                         St  	[(-122.1806,37.709),(-122.1785,37.705)]
+Brayton                       Ct  	[(-122.0123,37.423),(-122.0114,37.418)]
+Breakwater                    Ave 	[(-122.1196,37.294),(-122.1203,37.282)]
+Brentford                     St  	[(-122.1965,37.581),(-122.1964,37.564)]
+Breton                        Dr  	[(-122.0435,37.463),(-122.043,37.458)]
+Brian                         St  	[(-122.0686,37.348),(-122.0693,37.344)]
+Briar Cliff                   Road	[(-122.1409,37.647),(-122.1382,37.658)]
+Briarwood                     Dr  	[(-121.7663,37.915),(-121.7652,37.916)]
+Brickell                      Way 	[(-122.067,37.104),(-122.067,37.101)]
+Bridge                        Ct  	[(-122.0879,37.848),(-122.0874,37.844)]
+Bridgepointe                  Dr  	[(-122.0514,37.305),(-122.0509,37.299)]
+Bridgeview                    Dr  	[(-122.2112,37.133),(-122.21,37.138)]
+Bridgewood                    Ter 	[(-122.0042,37.639),(-122.0047,37.632)]
+Brier                         St  	[(-122.0806,37.959),(-122.0805,37.963)]
+Brighton                      Ave 	[(-122.2944,37.979),(-122.2934,37.979)]
+Brighton                      Dr  	[(-121.9263,37.188),(-121.9277,37.189),(-121.9285,37.19)]
+Brighton                      Dr  	[(-121.931,37.198),(-121.9312,37.197)]
+Briscoe                       Ter 	[(-121.948491,37.4184),(-121.948634,37.41645)]
+Bristol                       Blvd	[(-122.1674,37.353),(-122.1698,37.342)]
+Bristolwood                   Road	[(-121.9165,37.78),(-121.9164,37.787)]
+Broadmoor                     Blvd	[(-122.147,37.397),(-122.1466,37.399)]
+Broadmoor                     Blvd	[(-122.156,37.358),(-122.1546,37.364)]
+Broadmoor                     St  	[(-121.7313,37.257),(-121.7313,37.263)]
+Broadmoor                     St  	[(-121.7314,37.194),(-121.7314,37.199)]
+Broadmoor                     St  	[(-121.7314,37.213),(-121.7314,37.221)]
+Broadmore                     Ave 	[(-122.095,37.522),(-122.0936,37.497)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.2212,37.5),(-122.2204,37.517)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.2372,37.631),(-122.236753,37.63675)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.2391,37.493),(-122.2386,37.495)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.2409,37.586),(-122.2395,37.601)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.243008,37.55961),(-122.2427,37.563)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.245,37.45),(-122.2443,37.46),(-122.2436,37.469)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.2457,37.528),(-122.2455,37.529)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.2472,37.418),(-122.2468,37.426)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.2539,37.316),(-122.2525,37.337)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.2598,37.222),(-122.2596,37.227)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.2632,37.167),(-122.2626,37.177),(-122.2617,37.19)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.2719,37.028),(-122.2714,37.036)]
+Broadway                          	[(-122.2727,37.015),(-122.2723,37.021)]
+Broadway                      Ter 	[(-122.2429,37.393),(-122.2413,37.397)]
+Brookdale                     Ave 	[(-122.2043,37.834),(-122.2032,37.824)]
+Brookdale                     Ave 	[(-122.2092,37.878),(-122.208568,37.87208)]
+Brookdale                     Ave 	[(-122.2095,37.888),(-122.2088,37.882)]
+Brookdale                     Blvd	[(-122.0915,37.164),(-122.0912,37.166)]
+Brookdale                     Blvd	[(-122.0965,37.123),(-122.0958,37.133)]
+Brooklyn                      Ave 	[(-122.2425,37.029),(-122.2416,37.026)]
+Brooklyn                      Ave 	[(-122.2455,37.04),(-122.2445,37.036)]
+Brooklyn                      Ave 	[(-122.2502,37.055),(-122.2495,37.053)]
+Brookside                     Ct  	[(-121.9218,37.902),(-121.9213,37.908)]
+Browning                      Ct  	[(-122.037289,37.766),(-122.038366,37.76228)]
+Browning                      St  	[(-122.2874,37.686),(-122.2872,37.669)]
+Bruce                         Ct  	[(-122.0595,37.084),(-122.0588,37.076)]
+Bruce                         Dr  	[(-121.9442,37.309),(-121.945,37.312)]
+Brunetti                      Lane	[(-122.136,37.91),(-122.1351,37.906)]
+Bruns                         Road	[(-121.603992,37.95307),(-121.6046,37.049)]
+Brush                         St  	[(-122.2788,37.065),(-122.2784,37.07)]
+Brush                         St  	[(-122.283,37.989),(-122.2827,37.994)]
+Brush Ramp                    St  	[(-122.2758,37.107),(-122.27511,37.11304),(-122.275,37.114)]
+Bryant                        St  	[(-121.9216,37.321),(-121.9213,37.316)]
+Bryce Canyon                  Ct  	[(-121.9008,37.78),(-121.9017,37.78)]
+Buchanan                      St  	[(-122.3022,37.877),(-122.3014,37.878)]
+Buckeye                       Pl  	[(-122.0448,37.336),(-122.0452,37.332)]
+Buckingham                    Blvd	[(-122.2231,37.59),(-122.2214,37.606)]
+Buckingham                    Way 	[(-122.0647,37.214),(-122.0653,37.214)]
+Buckingham                    Way 	[(-122.0689,37.208),(-122.0693,37.207)]
+Buckner                       Ter 	[(-122.060105,37.62504),(-122.059743,37.62326)]
+Bucks Lake                    St  	[(-122.0559,37.882),(-122.0546,37.874)]
+Buckskin                      Road	[(-121.7421,37.213),(-121.7421,37.22)]
+Budwing                       Ter 	[(-121.9516,37.136),(-121.951826,37.13555)]
+Buena                         Ave 	[(-122.2786,37.792),(-122.2773,37.797)]
+Buena                         Ave 	[(-122.2813,37.781),(-122.2807,37.782)]
+Buena Vista                   Ave 	[(-122.2301,37.437),(-122.2295,37.424)]
+Buena Vista                   Ave 	[(-122.2337,37.651),(-122.2328,37.645)]
+Buena Vista                   Ave 	[(-122.2359,37.47),(-122.2353,37.468)]
+Buena Vista                   Ave 	[(-122.251,37.735),(-122.2499,37.73)]
+Buena Vista                   Ave 	[(-122.2687,37.774),(-122.2673,37.773)]
+Buena Vista                   Ave 	[(-122.271,37.774),(-122.2698,37.774)]
+Buena Vista                   Way 	[(-122.2609,37.805),(-122.2597,37.809)]
+Bullard                       Dr  	[(-122.2157,37.297),(-122.2138,37.276)]
+Bullard                       St  	[(-121.9694,37.355),(-121.97,37.349)]
+Burdeck                       Dr  	[(-122.1939,37.099),(-122.1932,37.091)]
+Burdette                      St  	[(-121.9789,37.609),(-121.9795,37.611)]
+Burdette                      St  	[(-121.98,37.62),(-121.9801,37.626)]
+Burdick                       St  	[(-122.0273,37.421),(-122.0266,37.418)]
+Burk                          St  	[(-122.2501,37.101),(-122.2502,37.106)]
+Burkhart                      Ave 	[(-122.1422,37.856),(-122.1431,37.859)]
+Burlington                    St  	[(-122.2046,37.057),(-122.2042,37.058)]
+Burnett                       St  	[(-122.2823,37.539),(-122.281,37.541)]
+Burnham                       Way 	[(-121.9242,37.176),(-121.9243,37.183)]
+Burnside                      Ct  	[(-122.0063,37.345),(-122.0069,37.338)]
+Busby                         Ave 	[(-122.1545,37.79),(-122.154983,37.78916)]
+Butte                         Ct  	[(-121.783,37.938),(-121.783,37.934)]
+Butterfield                   Dr  	[(-122.0838,37.002),(-122.0834,37.987)]
+C                             St  	[(-122.0218,37.05),(-122.0224,37.045)]
+C                             St  	[(-122.0737,37.767),(-122.0722,37.778)]
+C                             St  	[(-122.0773,37.742),(-122.0756,37.754)]
+C                             St  	[(-122.0906,37.681),(-122.0896,37.684)]
+C                             St  	[(-122.1737,37.418),(-122.1723,37.399),(-122.1716,37.393)]
+C                             St  	[(-122.1768,37.46),(-122.1749,37.435)]
+Cabello                       St  	[(-122.078,37.811),(-122.0783,37.807)]
+Cabernet                      Ct  	[(-121.8636,37.593),(-121.8641,37.582)]
+Cabot                         Blvd	[(-122.1334,37.412),(-122.1326,37.399)]
+Cabot                         Ct  	[(-121.9848,37.583),(-121.9833,37.583)]
+Cabral                        Dr  	[(-122.0294,37.569),(-122.0288,37.563)]
+Cabral                        Dr  	[(-122.0348,37.648),(-122.035,37.643)]
+Cabrillo                      Dr  	[(-122.0153,37.515),(-122.0144,37.511)]
+Cabrillo                      Dr  	[(-122.0325,37.637),(-122.0318,37.633)]
+Cabrillo                      Dr  	[(-122.091,37.218),(-122.0932,37.222)]
+Cadiz                         Dr  	[(-122.0239,37.655),(-122.0235,37.653)]
+Calaroga                      Ave 	[(-122.0886,37.297),(-122.0885,37.276)]
+Calaroga                      Ave 	[(-122.0892,37.374),(-122.0888,37.361)]
+Calaroga                      Ave 	[(-122.09,37.386),(-122.0897,37.38)]
+Calaroga                      Ave 	[(-122.101,37.493),(-122.1006,37.487)]
+Calaveras                     Ave 	[(-121.9924,37.364),(-121.9927,37.359)]
+Calaveras                     Ave 	[(-122.1864,37.845),(-122.1854,37.841)]
+Calaveras                     Road	[(-121.8389,37.143),(-121.8338,37.128)]
+Calaveras                     Road	[(-121.8476,37.209),(-121.8431,37.178)]
+Calaveras Creek                   	[(-121.8203,37.035),(-121.8207,37.931)]
+Calaveras Creek                   	[(-121.8531,37.337),(-121.8517,37.316)]
+Calaveras Creek                   	[(-121.8637,37.611),(-121.8628,37.587)]
+Calcott                       Ct  	[(-122.0306,37.822),(-122.0311,37.817)]
+Caldecott                     Lane	[(-122.2312,37.512),(-122.2261,37.491)]
+Calhoun                       St  	[(-122.0542,37.43),(-122.0521,37.428)]
+Calhoun                       St  	[(-122.2409,37.553),(-122.2405,37.551)]
+Caliban                       Dr  	[(-122.0553,37.765),(-122.053955,37.75806)]
+Caliente                      Dr  	[(-122.1393,37.993),(-122.1409,37.99),(-122.1417,37.993)]
+California                    St  	[(-122.1952,37.942),(-122.1946,37.935)]
+California                    St  	[(-122.2032,37.005),(-122.2016,37.996)]
+California                    St  	[(-122.2767,37.563),(-122.2767,37.554)]
+California                    St  	[(-122.2791,37.698),(-122.2787,37.681)]
+California                    St  	[(-122.2793,37.743),(-122.2794,37.733)]
+California                    St  	[(-122.2795,37.761),(-122.2795,37.751)]
+California Aqueduct               	[(-121.587742,37.65201),(-121.600239,37.70939)]
+California Aqueduct               	[(-121.622944,37.98443),(-121.622669,37.98611)]
+Call                          Ave 	[(-122.0435,37.56),(-122.0436,37.566)]
+Calle Alegre                      	[(-121.895178,37.71975),(-121.8946,37.725)]
+Calle Altamira                    	[(-121.8994,37.669),(-121.8988,37.656)]
+Calle de la Mesa                  	[(-121.905106,37.71532),(-121.906643,37.69977)]
+Calle de Monte                    	[(-122.2452,37.344),(-122.2456,37.34)]
+Calle Morelia                     	[(-121.9003,37.684),(-121.9006,37.691)]
+Calmar                        Ave 	[(-122.2384,37.105),(-122.2381,37.113)]
+Camanoe                       Lane	[(-122.2339,37.33),(-122.2334,37.326)]
+Cambio                        Ct  	[(-122.0217,37.558),(-122.0226,37.552)]
+Cambridge                     Ave 	[(-122.1616,37.335),(-122.1575,37.353)]
+Cambridge                     Way 	[(-122.2442,37.231),(-122.2419,37.244)]
+Camden                        St  	[(-121.9932,37.571),(-121.992,37.564)]
+Camden                        St  	[(-121.9956,37.603),(-121.9955,37.598)]
+Camden                        St  	[(-122.1823,37.735),(-122.1817,37.73)]
+Camelford                     Pl  	[(-122.1933,37.211),(-122.1919,37.216)]
+Camelia                       Dr  	[(-121.7852,37.695),(-121.7852,37.686)]
+Camelia                       St  	[(-122.2928,37.792),(-122.2916,37.792)]
+Camero                        Pl  	[(-121.9461,37.463),(-121.9453,37.454)]
+Camero                        Way 	[(-121.9481,37.459),(-121.9488,37.456)]
+Cameron                       Ave 	[(-121.86732,37.8431),(-121.865836,37.84371)]
+Cameron                       Ave 	[(-122.1316,37.502),(-122.1327,37.481)]
+Camino del Valle                  	[(-122.2431,37.343),(-122.2437,37.334)]
+Camino Santa Barbara              	[(-121.9314,37.446),(-121.9303,37.436)]
+Camino Segura                     	[(-121.900094,37.71647),(-121.9002,37.726)]
+Campbell                      St  	[(-122.2941,37.123),(-122.2936,37.129)]
+Campbell                      St  	[(-122.2985,37.066),(-122.2981,37.077)]
+Campus                        Dr  	[(-122.0578,37.665),(-122.0545,37.66)]
+Campus                        Dr  	[(-122.1626,37.858),(-122.1611,37.843)]
+Campus                        Dr  	[(-122.1704,37.905),(-122.1678,37.868),(-122.1671,37.865)]
+Canary                        Ct  	[(-122.019,37.856),(-122.0192,37.85)]
+Canfield                      Dr  	[(-121.9952,37.488),(-121.9955,37.482)]
+Canon                         Ave 	[(-122.21715,37.01951),(-122.2151,37.053)]
+Canterbury                    Lane	[(-121.9277,37.141),(-121.9276,37.149)]
+Canterbury                    St  	[(-121.995,37.573),(-121.9948,37.57)]
+Canyon Heights                Dr  	[(-121.9431,37.568),(-121.9433,37.571)]
+Canyon Heights                Dr  	[(-121.9513,37.618),(-121.9528,37.627)]
+Canyon Heights                Dr  	[(-121.9595,37.76),(-121.9596,37.753)]
+Cape Cod                      Dr  	[(-122.1351,37.928),(-122.1331,37.928)]
+Capella                       Lane	[(-122.2345,37.322),(-122.2352,37.326)]
+Capitan                       Dr  	[(-121.84488,37.65695),(-121.84458,37.65195)]
+Capricorn                     Ave 	[(-122.2176,37.404),(-122.2164,37.384)]
+Capulet                       Cir 	[(-122.057612,37.69268),(-122.0578,37.7)]
+Cardinal                      Dr  	[(-121.7865,37.805),(-121.7858,37.805)]
+Caribbean Com                     	[(-122.0361,37.73),(-122.0366,37.724)]
+Carleton                      St  	[(-122.2641,37.617),(-122.2619,37.62)]
+Carlos Bee                    Blvd	[(-122.065049,37.59928),(-122.0639,37.596)]
+Carlston                      Ave 	[(-122.23,37.132),(-122.2307,37.141)]
+Carmel                        Ave 	[(-122.2891,37.979),(-122.2893,37.968),(-122.2893,37.95)]
+Carmel                        Dr  	[(-122.0965,37.135),(-122.0958,37.133)]
+Carmel                        Way 	[(-122.1394,37.979),(-122.1386,37.98)]
+Carmel                        Way 	[(-122.1419,37.98),(-122.1411,37.98)]
+Carmen                        St  	[(-121.9501,37.38),(-121.9484,37.369)]
+Carnation                     Way 	[(-121.9975,37.775),(-121.996,37.773)]
+Carol                         Ave 	[(-121.9537,37.283),(-121.955,37.282)]
+Carol                         Ave 	[(-121.9574,37.279),(-121.959,37.277)]
+Carol                         Ave 	[(-121.9657,37.27),(-121.9679,37.268)]
+Caroline                      St  	[(-122.2676,37.695),(-122.2676,37.706)]
+Carolyn                       St  	[(-122.1108,37.038),(-122.1091,37.028)]
+Carpentier                    St  	[(-122.1567,37.203),(-122.1561,37.194)]
+Carriage Circle Com               	[(-122.0128,37.433),(-122.0129,37.431)]
+Carrol                        Road	[(-121.659839,37.19494),(-121.659626,37.19326)]
+Carson                        St  	[(-122.1846,37.9),(-122.1843,37.901)]
+Carver                        Lane	[(-121.877,37.057),(-121.8811,37.068)]
+Cascade                       Road	[(-122.1832,37.241),(-122.1808,37.216)]
+Cascade                       St  	[(-122.0839,37.416),(-122.0831,37.416)]
+Cascade                       St  	[(-122.0894,37.448),(-122.0887,37.431)]
+Cassiopia                     St  	[(-121.735979,37.18311),(-121.735979,37.19069)]
+Castilian                     Road	[(-121.9447,37.135),(-121.9445,37.14)]
+Castille                      Lane	[(-122.0826,37.811),(-122.082655,37.8124)]
+Castillejo                    Road	[(-121.9397,37.313),(-121.9396,37.304)]
+Castle Park                   Way 	[(-122.1936,37.15),(-122.1933,37.151)]
+Castlewood                    Dr  	[(-121.8895,37.376),(-121.8902,37.373)]
+Castro                        St  	[(-122.1629,37.144),(-122.1636,37.141)]
+Castro                        St  	[(-122.2739,37.114),(-122.2735,37.121)]
+Castro                        St  	[(-122.2749,37.1),(-122.2746,37.103)]
+Castro                        St  	[(-122.2757,37.084),(-122.2753,37.091)]
+Castro                        St  	[(-122.2782,37.045),(-122.2778,37.052)]
+Castro                        St  	[(-122.2787,37.03),(-122.2785,37.038)]
+Castro Valley                 Blvd	[(-122.0478,37.966),(-122.047,37.969)]
+Castro Valley                 Blvd	[(-122.049131,37.96068),(-122.048358,37.96377)]
+Castro Valley                 Blvd	[(-122.0604,37.92),(-122.0585,37.925)]
+Castro Valley                 Blvd	[(-122.081,37.954),(-122.0801,37.955)]
+Castro Valley                 Blvd	[(-122.086,37.939),(-122.0853,37.942)]
+Catalina                      Ave 	[(-122.2458,37.329),(-122.246102,37.33109)]
+Catalina                      Dr  	[(-121.7837,37.628),(-121.7834,37.628)]
+Catalina                      Dr  	[(-121.7892,37.66),(-121.7896,37.649)]
+Catalpa                       Way 	[(-122.0852,37.218),(-122.088,37.207)]
+Cato                          Ct  	[(-122.0691,37.944),(-122.0694,37.938)]
+Catron                        Dr  	[(-122.1716,37.27),(-122.1711,37.275)]
+Cavalier                      Lane	[(-121.9361,37.175),(-121.9363,37.189)]
+Cavendish                     Dr  	[(-122.0477,37.158),(-122.0475,37.151)]
+Cavour                        St  	[(-122.2555,37.375),(-122.2561,37.379)]
+Cayuga                        Pl  	[(-121.9205,37.023),(-121.9218,37.02)]
+Cayuga                        Way 	[(-121.9233,37.013),(-121.9239,37.008)]
+Cedar                         Blvd	[(-122.0214,37.402),(-122.0193,37.391)]
+Cedar                         Blvd	[(-122.0282,37.446),(-122.0265,37.43)]
+Cedar                         Dr  	[(-121.7964,37.859),(-121.7941,37.858),(-121.7931,37.858)]
+Cedar                         Lane	[(-121.9173,37.08),(-121.9183,37.083),(-121.9196,37.089),(-121.92,37.098)]
+Cedar                         St  	[(-121.9188,37.277),(-121.92,37.276)]
+Cedar                         St  	[(-122.260055,37.79558),(-122.2582,37.798)]
+Cedar                         St  	[(-122.2841,37.764),(-122.2818,37.766)]
+Cedar                         St  	[(-122.2864,37.76),(-122.2858,37.762)]
+Cedar                         St  	[(-122.2913,37.755),(-122.2905,37.756)]
+Cedar                         St  	[(-122.2945,37.75),(-122.2934,37.753)]
+Cedar                         St  	[(-122.3011,37.737),(-122.2999,37.739)]
+Cedar                         St  	[(-122.3043,37.729),(-122.3032,37.732)]
+Cedar                         St  	[(-122.3045,37.078),(-122.3041,37.087)]
+Cedarwood                     Lane	[(-121.8746,37.706),(-121.8746,37.721)]
+Celia                         St  	[(-122.0611,37.3),(-122.0616,37.299)]
+Celia                         St  	[(-122.0623,37.297),(-122.0631,37.296)]
+Center                        St  	[(-122.0598,37.052),(-122.0593,37.046)]
+Center                        St  	[(-122.0599,37.111),(-122.06,37.106)]
+Center                        St  	[(-122.0606,37.968),(-122.0608,37.958)]
+Center                        St  	[(-122.2674,37.704),(-122.267,37.704)]
+Central                       Ave 	[(-122.0064,37.524),(-122.0079,37.505)]
+Central                       Ave 	[(-122.0118,37.455),(-122.0129,37.443)]
+Central                       Ave 	[(-122.0148,37.415),(-122.0157,37.404)]
+Central                       Ave 	[(-122.0302,37.226),(-122.0325,37.196)]
+Central                       Ave 	[(-122.0487,37.144),(-122.0452,37.158)]
+Central                       Ave 	[(-122.2309,37.579),(-122.2276,37.557)]
+Central                       Ave 	[(-122.2343,37.602),(-122.2331,37.595)]
+Central                       Ave 	[(-122.27,37.715),(-122.2685,37.714)]
+Central                       Ave 	[(-122.2787,37.718),(-122.2777,37.717),(-122.2762,37.717)]
+Central                       Ave 	[(-122.2906,37.769),(-122.2905,37.756)]
+Central                       Blvd	[(-122.0643,37.553),(-122.0633,37.552),(-122.0622,37.545)]
+Central                       Blvd	[(-122.0703,37.582),(-122.0697,37.586)]
+Cerrito                       St  	[(-122.3023,37.93),(-122.3018,37.918)]
+Cerro Vista                   Pl  	[(-121.73402,37.74008),(-121.735461,37.73955)]
+Chabolyn                      Ter 	[(-122.242959,37.5192),(-122.2429,37.519)]
+Chabot                        Ct  	[(-122.2432,37.489),(-122.2439,37.5)]
+Chabot Canal                      	[(-121.9027,37.804),(-121.9027,37.812)]
+Chabot Canal                      	[(-121.9036,37.013),(-121.9044,37.017)]
+Chabot Canal                      	[(-121.9044,37.017),(-121.9037,37.02)]
+Chabot Crest                      	[(-122.2425,37.504),(-122.2427,37.514)]
+Chambers                      Dr  	[(-122.2004,37.352),(-122.1972,37.368)]
+Chambers                      Lane	[(-122.2001,37.359),(-122.1975,37.371)]
+Champagne                     Pl  	[(-121.950378,37.11376),(-121.949579,37.11174)]
+Champion                      St  	[(-122.214,37.991),(-122.2147,37.002)]
+Champion                      St  	[(-122.2146,37.977),(-122.2145,37.982)]
+Chance                        St  	[(-122.0536,37.259),(-122.0534,37.256)]
+Chandler                      Road	[(-122.10851,37.48139),(-122.108787,37.48677)]
+Channel                       St  	[(-122.1372,37.71),(-122.1369,37.706)]
+Channing                      Way 	[(-122.2453,37.425),(-122.2466,37.408)]
+Channing                      Way 	[(-122.2638,37.664),(-122.2629,37.665),(-122.2606,37.669)]
+Channing                      Way 	[(-122.2695,37.657),(-122.2669,37.66)]
+Channing                      Way 	[(-122.2727,37.652),(-122.2717,37.653)]
+Channing                      Way 	[(-122.2806,37.641),(-122.2795,37.641)]
+Channing                      Way 	[(-122.2842,37.636),(-122.2835,37.637)]
+Channing                      Way 	[(-122.292641,37.62357),(-122.2925,37.624)]
+Chapel                        Ct  	[(-122.1508,37.897),(-122.1508,37.894)]
+Chapman                       Dr  	[(-122.0421,37.504),(-122.0414,37.498)]
+Chardonnay                    Dr  	[(-121.846993,37.64201),(-121.846448,37.64146)]
+Charles                       St  	[(-122.0255,37.505),(-122.0252,37.499)]
+Charlotte                     Way 	[(-121.7247,37.839),(-121.7246,37.836)]
+Charlotte                     Way 	[(-121.7261,37.856),(-121.7254,37.851)]
+Charlotte                     Way 	[(-121.733871,37.88044),(-121.734295,37.88051)]
+Charter Oaks                  Dr  	[(-122.0574,37.212),(-122.0568,37.22)]
+Chateau                       Way 	[(-121.7627,37.727),(-121.7627,37.723)]
+Chateau Park                  Ct  	[(-121.9658,37.196),(-121.966,37.193)]
+Chatsworth                    St  	[(-121.7766,37.502),(-121.7766,37.496)]
+Chaucer                       Dr  	[(-122.0339,37.813),(-122.0342,37.812)]
+Chaucer                       Dr  	[(-122.0357,37.794),(-122.0362,37.788)]
+Chelsea                       Dr  	[(-122.03044,37.5228),(-122.0303,37.522)]
+Chelsea                       Way 	[(-122.068,37.224),(-122.0686,37.223)]
+Chelton                       Dr  	[(-122.189,37.293),(-122.1887,37.304)]
+Chemult Com                       	[(-121.9254,37.878),(-121.9255,37.881)]
+Cherry                        Lane	[(-121.966799,37.63085),(-121.966874,37.63373)]
+Cherry                        St  	[(-122.0266,37.297),(-122.0258,37.294)]
+Cherry                        St  	[(-122.040954,37.37918),(-122.04,37.369)]
+Cherry                        St  	[(-122.0429,37.396),(-122.0424,37.392)]
+Cherry                        St  	[(-122.0437,37.42),(-122.0434,37.413)]
+Cherry                        St  	[(-122.1511,37.161),(-122.1503,37.149)]
+Cherry                        St  	[(-122.1671,37.488),(-122.1661,37.474)]
+Cherry                        St  	[(-122.1691,37.512),(-122.1684,37.502)]
+Cherrywood                    Dr  	[(-122.023,37.838),(-122.0237,37.82)]
+Cheryl                        Cir 	[(-121.8979,37.8),(-121.8957,37.794)]
+Cheryl Ann                    Cir 	[(-122.0754,37.352),(-122.076,37.358)]
+Chester                       St  	[(-122.0791,37.955),(-122.079,37.932)]
+Chester                       St  	[(-122.2949,37.07),(-122.2946,37.078)]
+Chestnut                      St  	[(-122.2482,37.733),(-122.2475,37.742)]
+Chestnut                      St  	[(-122.2853,37.069),(-122.2848,37.084)]
+Chestnut                      St  	[(-122.2873,37.722),(-122.2873,37.711)]
+Chetwood                      Ave 	[(-121.9591,37.232),(-121.960057,37.23087)]
+Chetwood                      St  	[(-122.2521,37.167),(-122.2513,37.169)]
+Cheyenne River Com                	[(-122.0521,37.779),(-122.0524,37.775)]
+Chiltern                      Dr  	[(-121.9414,37.433),(-121.9412,37.424)]
+Chiltern                      Dr  	[(-121.9447,37.457),(-121.9442,37.454)]
+Chimney Rock                      	[(-122.13,37.701),(-122.12905,37.70195)]
+Chippendale                   Dr  	[(-122.0665,37.843),(-122.068,37.828)]
+Chisholm                      Ct  	[(-122.0773,37.42),(-122.077,37.409)]
+Choctaw                       Dr  	[(-121.9179,37.87),(-121.9172,37.876)]
+Chris Commons                     	[(-121.73647,37.89437),(-121.736359,37.88665)]
+Chrisholm                     Pl  	[(-121.9599,37.726),(-121.9592,37.732)]
+Christensen                   Ct  	[(-122.0863,37.074),(-122.0863,37.065)]
+Christensen                   Lane	[(-122.085026,37.06463),(-122.0844,37.064)]
+Christensen                   Road	[(-121.625309,37.79774),(-121.621265,37.83993)]
+Christina                     Ct  	[(-121.8654,37.629),(-121.8651,37.616)]
+Christine                     Dr  	[(-122.0759,37.739),(-122.0756,37.734)]
+Christine                     St  	[(-122.0364,37.385),(-122.0357,37.379)]
+Christy                       St  	[(-121.9662,37.022),(-121.9658,37.019)]
+Church                        St  	[(-122.179,37.675),(-122.1785,37.678)]
+Cindy                         Lane	[(-121.7346,37.8244),(-121.734673,37.83042)]
+Circle                        Way 	[(-121.9418,37.013),(-121.9422,37.02)]
+Citron                        Way 	[(-122.1008,37.461),(-122.1017,37.46)]
+Civic Terrace                 Ave 	[(-122.0251,37.389),(-122.0263,37.374)]
+Clara                         St  	[(-122.1855,37.377),(-122.1851,37.381)]
+Clara                         St  	[(-122.187,37.339),(-122.1865,37.357)]
+Claremont                     Ave 	[(-122.2429,37.607),(-122.2421,37.609)]
+Claremont                     Ave 	[(-122.243294,37.59318),(-122.2434,37.59)]
+Claremont                     Ave 	[(-122.246,37.565),(-122.2461,37.562)]
+Claremont                     Ave 	[(-122.2508,37.509),(-122.2505,37.514)]
+Claremont                     Ave 	[(-122.2591,37.408),(-122.2586,37.413)]
+Claremont                     Ave 	[(-122.2612,37.386),(-122.2604,37.393)]
+Claremont                     Pl  	[(-122.0542,37.995),(-122.0542,37.008)]
+Clarendon                     Cres	[(-122.2278,37.126),(-122.2266,37.119)]
+Claret                        Road	[(-121.757012,37.72568),(-121.757266,37.71391)]
+Clarewood                     Lane	[(-122.2343,37.393),(-122.232365,37.38802)]
+Clarke                        Lane	[(-122.236271,37.29202),(-122.236552,37.28906)]
+Clarke                        St  	[(-122.1568,37.225),(-122.1562,37.217)]
+Clausen                       Ct  	[(-122.040846,37.6758),(-122.040845,37.66913)]
+Clawiter                      Road	[(-122.1186,37.321),(-122.1186,37.308)]
+Clawiter                      Road	[(-122.1187,37.442),(-122.1188,37.435)]
+Clay                          St  	[(-122.2733,37.051),(-122.2729,37.059)]
+Clay                          St  	[(-122.2755,37.017),(-122.2751,37.024)]
+Clement                       Ave 	[(-122.2525,37.765),(-122.252147,37.76429)]
+Cleveland                     Ave 	[(-122.3061,37.895),(-122.3058,37.889)]
+Cleveland                     St  	[(-122.2435,37.048),(-122.2418,37.042)]
+Clifton                       St  	[(-122.2526,37.383),(-122.2533,37.388)]
+Clipper                       Dr  	[(-122.2438,37.42),(-122.2437,37.406)]
+Clover                        St  	[(-122.023,37.805),(-122.0217,37.801)]
+Clubhouse                     Dr  	[(-121.8179,37.971),(-121.8181,37.972)]
+Clubhouse                     Dr  	[(-122.121,37.67),(-122.1215,37.671)]
+Clubhouse                     Dr  	[(-122.1227,37.671),(-122.1234,37.67)]
+Cluny                         Pl  	[(-122.0438,37.432),(-122.0433,37.432)]
+Coach                         Dr  	[(-122.1383,37.735),(-122.1355,37.706)]
+Cobblestone                   Dr  	[(-122.00122,37.8492),(-122.000944,37.84795)]
+Coco Palm                     Dr  	[(-121.9905,37.311),(-121.991,37.305)]
+Codornices Creek                  	[(-122.2986,37.83),(-122.2994,37.828)]
+Codornices Creek                  	[(-122.3069,37.818),(-122.3074,37.817)]
+Cody                          Ct  	[(-121.9853,37.324),(-121.986,37.316)]
+Coit                          Ave 	[(-121.9244,37.346),(-121.9244,37.338)]
+Coit                          Ave 	[(-121.9245,37.352),(-121.924594,37.362)]
+Colby                         St  	[(-122.1282,37.959),(-122.1279,37.959)]
+Cold Water                    Dr  	[(-122.0403,37.068),(-122.041,37.069)]
+Cole                          Pl  	[(-122.057,37.343),(-122.0564,37.334)]
+Cole                          St  	[(-122.1974,37.724),(-122.1975,37.716)]
+Cole                          St  	[(-122.1975,37.749),(-122.1962,37.76)]
+Coleen                        St  	[(-121.79,37.763),(-121.7892,37.744)]
+Coleport Landing                  	[(-122.2374,37.426),(-122.2378,37.42)]
+Coleport Landing                  	[(-122.237889,37.41293),(-122.2379,37.412)]
+Colette                       St  	[(-122.063,37.46),(-122.0623,37.451)]
+Colette                       St  	[(-122.06565,37.4825),(-122.0646,37.479)]
+Colgate                       Dr  	[(-122.0271,37.94),(-122.0249,37.933)]
+Colgate                       St  	[(-122.1545,37.019),(-122.1538,37.014)]
+Colima                        Ct  	[(-122.0251,37.664),(-122.0245,37.661)]
+Coliseum                      Way 	[(-122.19759,37.4533),(-122.1948,37.444)]
+Coliseum                      Way 	[(-122.2001,37.47),(-122.1978,37.516)]
+Coliseum                      Way 	[(-122.2113,37.626),(-122.2085,37.592),(-122.2063,37.568)]
+College                       Ave 	[(-121.7675,37.745),(-121.7658,37.745)]
+College                       Ave 	[(-121.7693,37.744),(-121.769,37.744)]
+College                       Ave 	[(-122.2506,37.367),(-122.2508,37.374)]
+College                       Ave 	[(-122.2511,37.421),(-122.2512,37.429)]
+College                       Ave 	[(-122.2516,37.474),(-122.2518,37.483)]
+Collier                       Dr  	[(-122.1409,37.299),(-122.14,37.302)]
+Colonial Loma Verde           Dr  	[(-122.1184,37.849),(-122.117278,37.85528)]
+Colony                        Ct  	[(-122.061894,37.27773),(-122.061805,37.27497)]
+Colorados                     Dr  	[(-122.1757,37.281),(-122.1748,37.301)]
+Columbia                      Dr  	[(-122.0574,37.168),(-122.0568,37.183)]
+Columbia                      Dr  	[(-122.057463,37.28811),(-122.057463,37.28593)]
+Columbian                     Dr  	[(-122.1635,37.727),(-122.1627,37.734)]
+Columbine                     Pl  	[(-122.0122,37.321),(-122.013,37.33)]
+Columbus                      Ave 	[(-121.776,37.679),(-121.7753,37.682)]
+Columbus                      Ave 	[(-121.7786,37.68),(-121.7777,37.681)]
+Colusa                        Ave 	[(-122.2786,37.835),(-122.2784,37.831)]
+Colusa                        Ave 	[(-122.2794,37.922),(-122.2793,37.916)]
+Colusa                        Ave 	[(-122.2812,37.943),(-122.2805,37.939)]
+Colusa                        Ave 	[(-122.2847,37.973),(-122.2846,37.967)]
+Colville                      Pl  	[(-122.0419,37.709),(-122.0402,37.702)]
+Concannon                     Blvd	[(-121.7804,37.608),(-121.779,37.608)]
+Concord                       St  	[(-121.8551,37.602),(-121.856,37.593)]
+Constitution                  Dr  	[(-121.816179,37.01178),(-121.816179,37.01023)]
+Contra Costa                  Ave 	[(-122.0153,37.551),(-122.0141,37.545)]
+Contra Costa                  Ave 	[(-122.2754,37.944),(-122.2754,37.918)]
+Contreras                     Pl  	[(-122.0386,37.553),(-122.0387,37.55)]
+Conway                        Ter 	[(-122.044884,37.64441),(-122.04466,37.64514)]
+Coolidge                      Ave 	[(-122.2007,37.058),(-122.1992,37.06)]
+Coolidge                      Ave 	[(-122.2104,37.957),(-122.2099,37.962)]
+Coolidge                      Ave 	[(-122.2171,37.872),(-122.2169,37.875)]
+Coral                         Road	[(-122.1907,37.34),(-122.1902,37.334)]
+Core                          Ter 	[(-122.047353,37.65391),(-122.047303,37.65185)]
+Corey                         Way 	[(-122.0699,37.054),(-122.0698,37.046)]
+Cormorant                     Ter 	[(-122.045468,37.80753),(-122.044829,37.80392)]
+Cornell                       Ave 	[(-122.2956,37.925),(-122.2949,37.906),(-122.2939,37.875)]
+Corning                       Ct  	[(-122.0689,37.688),(-122.0685,37.68)]
+Cornish                       Dr  	[(-122.0228,37.75),(-122.0225,37.754)]
+Coronado                      Lane	[(-121.9026,37.843),(-121.9028,37.843)]
+Corral Hollow Creek               	[(-121.590572,37.01116),(-121.599735,37.10676)]
+Corriea                       Way 	[(-121.9501,37.402),(-121.9505,37.398)]
+Corte de Flores                   	[(-121.908126,37.71073),(-121.90924,37.71391)]
+Corte Eulalia                     	[(-122.1142,37.78),(-122.1154,37.776)]
+Corte Munras                      	[(-121.900576,37.74452),(-121.900804,37.74889)]
+Corte Vera Cruz                   	[(-121.9036,37.639),(-121.9038,37.642)]
+Corte Yolanda                     	[(-122.1426,37.753),(-122.1423,37.749)]
+Cortland                      Way 	[(-121.7892,37.934),(-121.7885,37.939)]
+Corvair                       St  	[(-122.2126,37.364),(-122.2132,37.36)]
+Corvallis                     St  	[(-122.1527,37.974),(-122.1521,37.97)]
+Cosgrave                      Ave 	[(-122.1621,37.62),(-122.1616,37.626)]
+Cosmic                        Way 	[(-121.9659,37.423),(-121.9666,37.414)]
+Cottage                       St  	[(-122.2593,37.713),(-122.258931,37.71803)]
+Cotter                        Way 	[(-122.0904,37.818),(-122.0882,37.829)]
+Cotton                        Ct  	[(-122.0462,37.123),(-122.0469,37.117)]
+Cottonwood                    St  	[(-121.9116,37.732),(-121.9115,37.725)]
+Cottonwood                    St  	[(-121.912,37.74),(-121.9118,37.735)]
+Country                       Dr  	[(-121.9903,37.52),(-121.9916,37.506)]
+Court                         St  	[(-122.2331,37.583),(-122.2324,37.589),(-122.2314,37.598)]
+Courtland                     Ave 	[(-122.2041,37.801),(-122.2032,37.815)]
+Courtland                     Ave 	[(-122.2084,37.76),(-122.2068,37.772)]
+Cove                          Road	[(-122.2468,37.425),(-122.2474,37.408)]
+Covington                     Way 	[(-121.7935,37.936),(-121.7911,37.942)]
+Cowing                        Road	[(-122.0002,37.934),(-121.9772,37.782)]
+Cowper                        St  	[(-122.2908,37.673),(-122.2894,37.675)]
+Coyote Hills Slough               	[(-122.0904,37.85),(-122.0953,37.829)]
+Coyote Hills Slough               	[(-122.1075,37.687),(-122.1285,37.643)]
+Coyote River                      	[(-121.931582,37.60707),(-121.932309,37.60824)]
+Coyote River                      	[(-121.9505,37.629),(-121.9582,37.646)]
+Coyote River                      	[(-121.9746,37.617),(-121.9863,37.648)]
+Cragmont                      Ave 	[(-122.2616,37.921),(-122.2603,37.911)]
+Cragmont                      Ave 	[(-122.266,37.95),(-122.2656,37.943)]
+Craig                         St  	[(-121.9869,37.61),(-121.9864,37.601)]
+Crane                         Ave 	[(-122.0578,37.103),(-122.058,37.086)]
+Creed                         Road	[(-122.2249,37.094),(-122.2256,37.101)]
+Creekside                     Dr  	[(-121.924308,37.89385),(-121.925368,37.89008)]
+Creekside                     Dr  	[(-121.926024,37.88774),(-121.926337,37.88663)]
+Creekside                     Ter 	[(-121.997958,37.64593),(-121.998047,37.63504)]
+Creekwood                     Dr  	[(-122.043309,37.66911),(-122.041422,37.66099)]
+Crellin                       Road	[(-121.846446,37.59189),(-121.846,37.591),(-121.845775,37.59073)]
+Crest                         Ave 	[(-122.1039,37.067),(-122.1038,37.066)]
+Crest                         Ave 	[(-122.162,37.699),(-122.1568,37.664)]
+Crest                         Ct  	[(-122.0566,37.049),(-122.0571,37.05)]
+Crest                         Lane	[(-122.0558,37.047),(-122.0546,37.047)]
+Crest                         Road	[(-122.2149,37.216),(-122.2153,37.221)]
+Crestline                     Road	[(-121.887,37.789),(-121.8846,37.793)]
+Crestmont                     Dr  	[(-122.1775,37.029),(-122.1798,37.044)]
+Creston                       Road	[(-122.2639,37.002),(-122.2613,37.986),(-122.2602,37.978),(-122.2598,37.973)]
+Crestwood                     St  	[(-121.9589,37.159),(-121.961,37.156)]
+Crisfield                     Lane	[(-121.871,37.814),(-121.8718,37.813)]
+Crocker                       Ave 	[(-122.2242,37.186),(-122.2243,37.171)]
+Crockwood                     Ter 	[(-122.045255,37.66569),(-122.045487,37.66262)]
+Cromwell                      Way 	[(-121.7723,37.932),(-121.7713,37.933)]
+Crosby                        St  	[(-122.146,37.96),(-122.145,37.953)]
+Cross                         Road	[(-121.666843,37.7387),(-121.664768,37.7474)]
+Crow                          Ct  	[(-121.8797,37.911),(-121.8801,37.91)]
+Crow Canyon                   Road	[(-122.0106,37.674),(-122.0102,37.675)]
+Crow Canyon                   Road	[(-122.0497,37.029),(-122.0479,37.028)]
+Crow Canyon                   Road	[(-122.0552,37.938),(-122.0545,37.967)]
+Crow Canyon Creek                 	[(-122.0425,37.051),(-122.0426,37.049)]
+Crow Canyon Creek                 	[(-122.043,37.905),(-122.0368,37.71)]
+Crow Canyon Creek                 	[(-122.046308,37.0015),(-122.046833,37.00133)]
+Croxton                       Ave 	[(-122.2591,37.219),(-122.2584,37.211)]
+Cryer                         St  	[(-122.1024,37.357),(-122.1035,37.351)]
+Crystal                       Lane	[(-121.868866,37.50763),(-121.870709,37.51024)]
+Crystaline                    Dr  	[(-121.925856,37),(-121.925869,37.00527)]
+Cull Canyon                   Road	[(-122.0536,37.435),(-122.0499,37.315)]
+Cull Canyon Reservoir             	[(-122.0546,37.039),(-122.0553,37.089)]
+Cull Creek                        	[(-122.0624,37.875),(-122.0582,37.527)]
+Culver                        St  	[(-122.1998,37.865),(-122.1996,37.862)]
+Cumberland                    Ave 	[(-122.1467,37.945),(-122.1507,37.944)]
+Curran                        Way 	[(-122.2074,37.96),(-122.207,37.966)]
+Curtis                        St  	[(-121.9765,37.246),(-121.9778,37.229)]
+Curtis                        St  	[(-122.2866,37.981),(-122.2866,37.968),(-122.2867,37.949)]
+Curtis                        St  	[(-122.2877,37.65),(-122.2877,37.639)]
+Curtis                        St  	[(-122.2881,37.848),(-122.2883,37.831)]
+Curtner                       Road	[(-121.909,37.928),(-121.9084,37.928)]
+Curtner                       Road	[(-121.9117,37.939),(-121.9105,37.93)]
+Cutler                        Ave 	[(-122.013942,37.74913),(-122.0142,37.745)]
+Cypress                       St  	[(-122.2883,37.177),(-122.2884,37.184)]
+Cypress                       St  	[(-122.2886,37.241),(-122.2883,37.247)]
+Cypress                       St  	[(-122.2899,37.142),(-122.2894,37.156)]
+Cypress                       St  	[(-122.2908,37.104),(-122.2905,37.113)]
+Cypress                       St  	[(-122.2931,37.047),(-122.2928,37.055)]
+Cypress Point                 Dr  	[(-121.7251,37.24),(-121.724,37.24)]
+D                             St  	[(-122.0239,37.017),(-122.0242,37.015)]
+D                             St  	[(-122.0529,37.421),(-122.0534,37.42)]
+D                             St  	[(-122.055,37.798),(-122.0541,37.796),(-122.0529,37.794)]
+D                             St  	[(-122.056892,37.79896),(-122.0564,37.8)]
+D                             St  	[(-122.0746,37.745),(-122.0741,37.749)]
+D                             St  	[(-122.179,37.476),(-122.1785,37.47)]
+D                             St  	[(-122.1811,37.505),(-122.1805,37.497)]
+Dagnino                       Road	[(-121.7462,37.306),(-121.7461,37.379)]
+Daisy                         St  	[(-122.1817,37.843),(-122.18,37.848),(-122.179,37.851)]
+Daisy                         St  	[(-122.1857,37.858),(-122.185,37.851)]
+Dalgo                         Road	[(-121.947,37.529),(-121.9475,37.524)]
+Dalton                        Way 	[(-122.0293,37.927),(-122.0297,37.915)]
+Dalton Com                        	[(-121.994,37.555),(-121.9944,37.556)]
+Damon Slough                      	[(-122.2057,37.533),(-122.2063,37.531)]
+Dana                          St  	[(-122.2578,37.501),(-122.2579,37.507)]
+Dana                          St  	[(-122.2583,37.548),(-122.2582,37.541)]
+Daniels                       Dr  	[(-122.1346,37.317),(-122.1335,37.323)]
+Darius                        Way 	[(-122.1272,37.18),(-122.1267,37.164)]
+Darwin                        Dr  	[(-122.0335,37.776),(-122.0349,37.767)]
+Darwin                        Dr  	[(-122.0359,37.763),(-122.0366,37.755)]
+Darwin                        St  	[(-122.0996,37.317),(-122.1024,37.311)]
+Daryl                         Ave 	[(-122.115,37.883),(-122.1149,37.866)]
+Dashwood                      Ave 	[(-122.177,37.618),(-122.1755,37.627)]
+Davenport                     Ave 	[(-122.1827,37.892),(-122.1823,37.872)]
+David                         St  	[(-122.0637,37.958),(-122.0608,37.958)]
+Davis                         St  	[(-122.1624,37.225),(-122.1632,37.222),(-122.1647,37.218)]
+Davis                         St  	[(-122.1702,37.203),(-122.171,37.201)]
+Davis                         St  	[(-122.1719,37.199),(-122.1725,37.198)]
+Davis                         St  	[(-122.1831,37.165),(-122.1835,37.165)]
+Davis                         St  	[(-122.1857,37.158),(-122.1921,37.139)]
+Davis                         St  	[(-122.217903,37.89337),(-122.216,37.885)]
+Davona                        Dr  	[(-121.9261,37.222),(-121.9278,37.218)]
+Davy                          Ct  	[(-121.9902,37.629),(-121.99,37.623)]
+Dawe                          Ave 	[(-122.0783,37.927),(-122.0783,37.912)]
+Dawes                         St  	[(-122.2122,37.24),(-122.2112,37.226)]
+Dawn View                     Ct  	[(-122.041,37.144),(-122.0403,37.143)]
+Dayle                         Ct  	[(-121.943,37.37),(-121.9421,37.369)]
+De Brum Commons                   	[(-121.924934,37.30872),(-121.924728,37.30014)]
+De la Cruz                    Road	[(-122.0554,37.305),(-122.055,37.301)]
+Dearborn                      St  	[(-122.0274,37.107),(-122.0275,37.101)]
+Decatur                       Way 	[(-122.0868,37.296),(-122.0863,37.267)]
+Decoto                        Road	[(-122.0159,37.006),(-122.016,37.002),(-122.0164,37.993)]
+Decoto                        Road	[(-122.0175,37.961),(-122.0177,37.955)]
+Decoto                        Road	[(-122.0189,37.925),(-122.019,37.921)]
+Decoto                        Road	[(-122.0292,37.733),(-122.0315,37.707)]
+Decoto                        Road	[(-122.0361,37.656),(-122.0364,37.652)]
+Deep Creek                    Road	[(-122.049391,37.64053),(-122.04928,37.63888)]
+Deep Creek                    Road	[(-122.0533,37.749),(-122.053709,37.74218)]
+Deep Creek                    Road	[(-122.0536,37.697),(-122.0517,37.674),(-122.0513,37.668)]
+Deer Oaks                     Dr  	[(-121.909133,37.54092),(-121.907389,37.54544)]
+Deer Park                     Way 	[(-122.0279,37.526),(-122.0266,37.524)]
+Deer Trail                    Pl  	[(-122.0455,37.669),(-122.044472,37.66938)]
+Deering                       St  	[(-122.2146,37.904),(-122.2126,37.897)]
+Deervale                      Road	[(-121.9376,37.178),(-121.9374,37.184)]
+Deerwood                      St  	[(-122.1775,37.623),(-122.177,37.618)]
+Del Valle                     Pkwy	[(-121.875441,37.66004),(-121.874759,37.65728)]
+Del Valle                     Road	[(-121.688828,37.70896),(-121.691152,37.7458)]
+Delaware                      Dr  	[(-121.951,37.203),(-121.9517,37.201)]
+Delaware                      St  	[(-122.2016,37.926),(-122.2015,37.925)]
+Delaware                      Way 	[(-121.786362,37.92959),(-121.7863,37.93)]
+Delmar                        Ave 	[(-121.7889,37.693),(-121.787,37.704)]
+Delmar                        Ave 	[(-122.2453,37.545),(-122.2444,37.556)]
+Delores                       Dr  	[(-122.0742,37.735),(-122.0752,37.727)]
+Delta                         Ter 	[(-121.9592,37.113),(-121.959,37.111)]
+Delta Mendota Canal               	[(-121.562031,37.5571),(-121.573749,37.57374)]
+Delta Mendota Canal               	[(-121.57819,37.7187),(-121.578403,37.71976)]
+Delta Mendota Canal               	[(-121.589243,37.84355),(-121.589222,37.84389)]
+Denise                        Ct  	[(-121.9418,37.142),(-121.9414,37.127)]
+Denise                        St  	[(-121.9469,37.37),(-121.945,37.359)]
+Denker                        Dr  	[(-121.9086,37.861),(-121.9082,37.863),(-121.9079,37.864)]
+Dennison                      St  	[(-122.2379,37.796),(-122.2374,37.796)]
+Dennison                      St  	[(-122.2428,37.791),(-122.2412,37.793),(-122.239,37.795)]
+Denslowe                      St  	[(-122.1851,37.336),(-122.1847,37.332)]
+Denton                        Ave 	[(-122.1118,37.467),(-122.108659,37.47689)]
+Denton                        Ave 	[(-122.1118,37.467),(-122.112277,37.46666)]
+Depot                         Road	[(-122.127518,37.3808),(-122.1284,37.38)]
+Depot                         Road	[(-122.1302,37.38),(-122.1323,37.379)]
+Derby                         St  	[(-122.246,37.628),(-122.2451,37.629)]
+Derby                         St  	[(-122.2617,37.612),(-122.2595,37.615)]
+Derby                         St  	[(-122.2688,37.602),(-122.2663,37.606)]
+Dering                        Pl  	[(-122.0192,37.701),(-122.0183,37.693)]
+Devonshire                    Ave 	[(-122.1466,37.926),(-122.1498,37.924)]
+Devonshire                    Ave 	[(-122.1507,37.924),(-122.1517,37.924)]
+Dewey                         St  	[(-122.1483,37.862),(-122.1482,37.857)]
+Diablo                        Ave 	[(-122.1186,37.358),(-122.1236,37.358)]
+Diablo                        Pl  	[(-122.0543,37.973),(-122.0534,37.974)]
+Diamond                       Dr  	[(-121.8008,37.669),(-121.7988,37.682)]
+Diana Common                      	[(-122.056116,37.61386),(-122.056337,37.62065)]
+Dichondra                     Pl  	[(-122.009872,37.31128),(-122.009205,37.31438)]
+Dillo                         St  	[(-122.1303,37.024),(-122.1303,37.016)]
+Dimond                        Ave 	[(-122.2167,37.994),(-122.2162,37.006)]
+Dixon                         St  	[(-122.0524,37.32),(-122.0514,37.311)]
+Doane                         St  	[(-121.9531,37.149),(-121.9562,37.14)]
+Doane                         St  	[(-121.9581,37.135),(-121.9597,37.13)]
+Dobbel                        Ave 	[(-122.0319,37.46),(-122.0328,37.463)]
+Dobbel                        Ave 	[(-122.0417,37.52),(-122.0408,37.515)]
+Dohr                          St  	[(-122.2805,37.56),(-122.2804,37.548)]
+Dolores                       Ave 	[(-122.1517,37.224),(-122.1498,37.229)]
+Dolores                       Dr  	[(-121.8732,37.524),(-121.8724,37.519)]
+Dolores                       Dr  	[(-121.875651,37.52705),(-121.87384,37.52324)]
+Dolores                       St  	[(-122.078,37.842),(-122.0779,37.833)]
+Dominici                      Dr  	[(-122.0149,37.756),(-122.0151,37.75)]
+Donalban                      Cir 	[(-122.0464,37.71),(-122.0475,37.709)]
+Donegal                       Ct  	[(-122.0433,37.549),(-122.0421,37.543)]
+Donlan Canyon Creek               	[(-121.9687,37.097),(-121.9584,37.101)]
+Donna                         Way 	[(-122.1333,37.606),(-122.1316,37.599)]
+Donner                        Way 	[(-121.9969,37.37),(-121.9945,37.357)]
+Donohue                       Dr  	[(-121.932,37.091),(-121.9327,37.106)]
+Doolittle                     Dr  	[(-122.174643,37.98341),(-122.1735,37.965)]
+Doolittle                     Dr  	[(-122.1793,37.052),(-122.1787,37.043)]
+Doolittle                     Dr  	[(-122.193162,37.21747),(-122.193,37.216)]
+Doolittle                     Dr  	[(-122.224088,37.448),(-122.2226,37.448)]
+Dorisa                        Ave 	[(-122.1462,37.555),(-122.1448,37.572)]
+Dorman                        Road	[(-121.9061,37.834),(-121.9063,37.841)]
+Dorne                         Pl  	[(-121.9455,37.397),(-121.9456,37.392)]
+Dorothy                       Pl  	[(-122.2301,37.566),(-122.2302,37.571)]
+Dorsey                        Ave 	[(-121.9992,37.495),(-121.9997,37.489)]
+Dorthea                       Ct  	[(-121.9064,37.519),(-121.908617,37.52369)]
+Dougherty                     Road	[(-121.908447,37.2552),(-121.90838,37.2379)]
+Dougherty                     Road	[(-121.9093,37.127),(-121.9093,37.15418)]
+Dougherty                     Road	[(-121.909939,37.28669),(-121.909373,37.30234),(-121.9092,37.305)]
+Douglas                       Dr  	[(-122.1705,37.227),(-122.1698,37.214)]
+Dover                         Way 	[(-121.7929,37.906),(-121.7917,37.906)]
+Dowe                          Ave 	[(-122.0439,37.903),(-122.04363,37.91098)]
+Dowling                       Blvd	[(-122.1467,37.359),(-122.1447,37.359)]
+Dowling                       Blvd	[(-122.1552,37.323),(-122.1542,37.335)]
+Downing                       Pl  	[(-122.0549,37.035),(-122.0546,37.041)]
+Doyle                         St  	[(-122.2835,37.337),(-122.2836,37.344)]
+Drake                         Dr  	[(-122.2056,37.311),(-122.2043,37.302)]
+Drew                          St  	[(-122.1288,37.938),(-122.1281,37.939)]
+Drew                          Ter 	[(-121.956729,37.21923),(-121.956991,37.21808)]
+Driftwood                     Dr  	[(-122.0109,37.482),(-122.0113,37.477)]
+Driftwood                     Way 	[(-121.919,37.794),(-121.92,37.795)]
+Driftwood                     Way 	[(-122.1726,37.924),(-122.1734,37.924)]
+Driscoll                      Road	[(-121.9482,37.403),(-121.948451,37.39995)]
+Dry Creek                         	[(-121.706461,37.12006),(-121.708998,37.15525)]
+Dry Creek                         	[(-122.0367,37.88386),(-122.038,37.877)]
+Dublin                        Blvd	[(-121.9096,37.047),(-121.9115,37.034)]
+Dublin                        Blvd	[(-121.945852,37.98712),(-121.944625,37.99187)]
+Dublin                        Road	[(-121.955087,37.97529),(-121.946646,37.94858)]
+Dublin                        Way 	[(-122.251,37.425),(-122.2513,37.43)]
+Dublin Canyon                 Road	[(-121.94428,37.95399),(-121.943721,37.95527)]
+Dublin Creek                      	[(-121.9422,37.974),(-121.955,37.984)]
+Dublin Green                  Dr  	[(-121.939669,37.10516),(-121.9384,37.097)]
+Dudley                        Ave 	[(-122.222,37.241),(-122.2221,37.234)]
+Duffel                        Pl  	[(-122.0641,37.434),(-122.0637,37.429)]
+Dunbar                        Pl  	[(-122.011,37.632),(-122.0121,37.621)]
+Dundee                        Ct  	[(-122.1458,37.166),(-122.1451,37.16)]
+Dunkirk                       Ave 	[(-122.1254,37.526),(-122.1228,37.531)]
+Dunn                          Road	[(-122.1195,37.452),(-122.1211,37.451)]
+Durant                        Ave 	[(-122.2603,37.678),(-122.2584,37.68)]
+Durant                        Ave 	[(-122.2671,37.669),(-122.2652,37.67)]
+Durham                        Road	[(-121.9216,37.146),(-121.9234,37.149)]
+Durham                        Road	[(-121.957278,37.10033),(-121.957885,37.09857)]
+Durham                        Road	[(-121.9605,37.091),(-121.9616,37.087)]
+Durham                        Road	[(-121.9634,37.081),(-121.9642,37.078)]
+Durham                        Way 	[(-122.0321,37.656),(-122.0311,37.642)]
+Durillo                       Dr  	[(-121.9464,37.446),(-121.9457,37.441)]
+Durk                          Way 	[(-122.097393,37.57955),(-122.097541,37.58144)]
+Dusterberry                   Way 	[(-122.0141,37.565),(-122.0135,37.562)]
+Dutton                        Ave 	[(-122.1403,37.339),(-122.1394,37.34)]
+Dutton                        Ave 	[(-122.155,37.319),(-122.1534,37.323)]
+Dwight                        Way 	[(-122.2483,37.662),(-122.2472,37.661)]
+Dwight                        Way 	[(-122.2546,37.657),(-122.2533,37.659)]
+Dwight                        Way 	[(-122.2573,37.654),(-122.256,37.656)]
+Dwight                        Way 	[(-122.286,37.616),(-122.2851,37.617)]
+Dwight                        Way 	[(-122.2933,37.602),(-122.292,37.605),(-122.291,37.607)]
+Dyer                          St  	[(-122.0684,37.028),(-122.0691,37.005)]
+Dyer                          St  	[(-122.0701,37.969),(-122.0703,37.965)]
+E                             St  	[(-122.019,37.037),(-122.0195,37.032),(-122.0203,37.027),(-122.0208,37.022)]
+E                             St  	[(-122.1832,37.505),(-122.1826,37.498),(-122.182,37.49)]
+Eagle                         Ave 	[(-122.2342,37.668),(-122.2335,37.664)]
+Eagle                         Ave 	[(-122.2539,37.76),(-122.253215,37.75657)]
+Earhart                       Road	[(-122.2004,37.256),(-122.2004,37.259)]
+Earhart                       Road	[(-122.2086,37.296),(-122.2012,37.255)]
+Earhart                       Road	[(-122.2186,37.394),(-122.2181,37.389)]
+Earl                          St  	[(-122.1564,37.709),(-122.1552,37.697)]
+East                          Ave 	[(-121.7203,37.799),(-121.7176,37.801)]
+East                          Ave 	[(-121.7296,37.8),(-121.7251,37.8)]
+East                          Ave 	[(-121.7424,37.799),(-121.7416,37.799)]
+East                          Ave 	[(-121.7597,37.798),(-121.7558,37.8)]
+East                          Ave 	[(-121.7641,37.8),(-121.763,37.8)]
+East                          Ave 	[(-122.0361,37.719),(-122.0352,37.733)]
+Easterday                     Way 	[(-121.9916,37.829),(-121.9899,37.814)]
+Eastlawn                      St  	[(-122.1989,37.629),(-122.1982,37.623)]
+Eastlawn                      St  	[(-122.2005,37.644),(-122.2,37.638)]
+Eastman                       Ave 	[(-122.20024,37.86217),(-122.1998,37.865)]
+Eastman                       Ave 	[(-122.2028,37.845),(-122.2012,37.856)]
+Eastman                       Ct  	[(-122.0732,37.492),(-122.0722,37.486)]
+Eastpark                      Ter 	[(-122.041182,37.77686),(-122.042271,37.78226)]
+Eastshore                     Hwy 	[(-122.3057,37.785),(-122.3051,37.755)]
+Ebbetts                       St  	[(-122.0061,37.205),(-122.005,37.203)]
+Eden                          Ave 	[(-122.1143,37.505),(-122.1142,37.491)]
+Eden Creek                        	[(-122.0218,37.996),(-122.0222,37.961)]
+Eden Creek                        	[(-122.022037,37.00675),(-122.0221,37.998)]
+Eden Landing                  Road	[(-122.1204,37.268),(-122.1204,37.267)]
+Eden Landing                  Road	[(-122.1213,37.226),(-122.1213,37.223)]
+Edenberry                     St  	[(-121.9347,37.23),(-121.9349,37.235)]
+Edes                          Ave 	[(-122.1833,37.363),(-122.1821,37.359)]
+Edes                          Ave 	[(-122.1948,37.444),(-122.1941,37.444)]
+Edgebrook                     Dr  	[(-122.057639,37.71523),(-122.057506,37.72472)]
+Edgehill                      Ct  	[(-122.1305,37.239),(-122.1304,37.232)]
+Edgemoor                      St  	[(-122.1492,37.918),(-122.1492,37.91)]
+Edgewater                     Dr  	[(-122.0285,37.526),(-122.028611,37.52295)]
+Edgewater                     Dr  	[(-122.0306,37.542),(-122.0298,37.538)]
+Edgewater                     Dr  	[(-122.0327,37.552),(-122.0315,37.546)]
+Edgewater                     Dr  	[(-122.0387,37.579),(-122.038315,37.57785)]
+Edgewater                     Dr  	[(-122.0401,37.57),(-122.0405,37.565)]
+Edgewater                     Dr  	[(-122.201,37.379),(-122.2042,37.41)]
+Edison                        Way 	[(-121.9443,37.098),(-121.9473,37.084)]
+Edith                         St  	[(-122.02,37.43),(-122.0197,37.429)]
+Edith                         St  	[(-122.077,37.638),(-122.0764,37.631)]
+Edith                         St  	[(-122.2764,37.774),(-122.2763,37.765)]
+Edith                         Way 	[(-122.0733,37.825),(-122.0716,37.804)]
+Edwards                       Ave 	[(-122.1652,37.749),(-122.1638,37.759)]
+Edwards                       Lane	[(-122.0599,37.016),(-122.058514,37.01551)]
+Eggers                        Ct  	[(-121.9924,37.585),(-121.991,37.576)]
+Eggers                        Dr  	[(-122.0002,37.465),(-122.0017,37.451)]
+Ehle                          St  	[(-122.103,37.973),(-122.1017,37.959)]
+Eilene                        Dr  	[(-121.869254,37.87019),(-121.869113,37.87253)]
+Eilene                        Dr  	[(-121.869618,37.86592),(-121.869389,37.86861)]
+El Caminito                       	[(-121.7883,37.673),(-121.7852,37.67)]
+El Caminito                       	[(-121.7922,37.696),(-121.7907,37.685),(-121.7898,37.681)]
+El Camino Real                    	[(-122.2409,37.559),(-122.2407,37.556)]
+El Centro                     Ave 	[(-122.2191,37.116),(-122.2185,37.118)]
+El Dorado                     Dr  	[(-121.7803,37.659),(-121.7801,37.647)]
+El Monte                      Ave 	[(-122.1594,37.624),(-122.1591,37.63)]
+El Paseo                          	[(-122.244718,37.33016),(-122.2454,37.333)]
+El Portal                         	[(-122.2429,37.359),(-122.2434,37.361)]
+El Portal                     Ave 	[(-121.9993,37.83),(-121.9997,37.817)]
+El Portal                     Ct  	[(-122.2554,37.844),(-122.2552,37.85)]
+El Rey                        Ave 	[(-122.0219,37.536),(-122.0225,37.53)]
+Elba                          Way 	[(-121.9223,37.143),(-121.923,37.139)]
+Elbert                        St  	[(-122.2205,37.107),(-122.2195,37.095)]
+Elder                         Way 	[(-122.0819,37.229),(-122.0827,37.229)]
+Eldridge                      Ave 	[(-122.0883,37.402),(-122.0878,37.395)]
+Eldridge                      Ave 	[(-122.0896,37.423),(-122.0888,37.408)]
+Elgin                         St  	[(-122.1106,37.911),(-122.1102,37.911)]
+Elgin                         St  	[(-122.113,37.911),(-122.1119,37.911)]
+Elgin                         St  	[(-122.1222,37.95),(-122.1213,37.945)]
+Elk                           Ct  	[(-121.912463,37.08667),(-121.913575,37.09125)]
+Elko                          Ct  	[(-122.1499,37.778),(-122.1496,37.773)]
+Ellen                         Way 	[(-122.0685,37.83),(-122.0687,37.828)]
+Ellen                         Way 	[(-122.0711,37.801),(-122.0716,37.796)]
+Ellis                         St  	[(-122.2726,37.542),(-122.2723,37.524)]
+Ellsworth                     St  	[(-122.2611,37.575),(-122.2608,37.57)]
+Elm                           St  	[(-121.7815,37.865),(-121.7807,37.865)]
+Elm                           St  	[(-122.04,37.27),(-122.0392,37.254)]
+Elmhurst                      St  	[(-122.0916,37.568),(-122.0918,37.564)]
+Elmridge                      Ct  	[(-121.8867,37.707),(-121.8871,37.702)]
+Elsie                         Ave 	[(-122.1497,37.21),(-122.1447,37.223)]
+Elverton                      Dr  	[(-122.2028,37.487),(-122.2017,37.471)]
+Elvessa                       St  	[(-122.1296,37.528),(-122.129,37.522)]
+Elysian Fields                Dr  	[(-122.1275,37.646),(-122.1275,37.649)]
+Elysian Fields                Dr  	[(-122.1336,37.595),(-122.133,37.594)]
+Elysian Fields                Dr  	[(-122.1369,37.589),(-122.1361,37.595)]
+Embarcadero                       	[(-122.2527,37.894),(-122.246486,37.86908)]
+Embarcadero                       	[(-122.276,37.961),(-122.2747,37.956)]
+Embarcadero                       	[(-122.2836,37.99),(-122.283,37.989)]
+Emerald                       Ave 	[(-121.9247,37.13),(-121.925,37.136)]
+Emerald                       St  	[(-122.2557,37.309),(-122.2557,37.315)]
+Emerson                       St  	[(-121.9276,37.345),(-121.9284,37.347)]
+Emerson                       St  	[(-122.2688,37.543),(-122.2678,37.544)]
+Emily                         Ct  	[(-122.0726,37.121),(-122.0712,37.124)]
+Empire                        Road	[(-122.1873,37.278),(-122.1858,37.277)]
+Encinitas                     Way 	[(-122.0759,37.917),(-122.0756,37.911)]
+Encino                        Dr  	[(-121.7959,37.688),(-121.7947,37.688)]
+Endeavour                     Way 	[(-122.0655,37.842),(-122.0647,37.84)]
+Endicott                      St  	[(-122.1436,37.931),(-122.1435,37.911)]
+Enfield                       Dr  	[(-122.0273,37.519),(-122.0277,37.507)]
+Enos                          Way 	[(-121.7677,37.896),(-121.7673,37.91)]
+Ensenada                      Ave 	[(-122.2833,37.933),(-122.2825,37.928)]
+Enterprise                    Pl  	[(-121.9568,37.009),(-121.9558,37.002)]
+Erica                         Pl  	[(-122.0299,37.165),(-122.0293,37.169)]
+Erie                          St  	[(-122.2419,37.122),(-122.2408,37.134)]
+Escher                        Dr  	[(-122.1962,37.258),(-122.1988,37.302)]
+Essex                         St  	[(-122.2677,37.537),(-122.2657,37.539)]
+Essex                         Way 	[(-121.9735,37.257),(-121.9749,37.249)]
+Estabrook                     St  	[(-122.1527,37.164),(-122.1535,37.161)]
+Estabrook                     St  	[(-122.1539,37.16),(-122.1547,37.156)]
+Estates                       Dr  	[(-122.2136,37.158),(-122.2126,37.169)]
+Estates                       Dr  	[(-122.2139,37.272),(-122.2135,37.26)]
+Estates                       Dr  	[(-122.2178,37.33),(-122.2183,37.325)]
+Estates                       Dr  	[(-122.2225,37.37),(-122.218617,37.34167)]
+Estudillo                     Ave 	[(-122.1446,37.274),(-122.1425,37.28)]
+Estudillo                     Ave 	[(-122.1509,37.256),(-122.1498,37.26)]
+Estudillo                     Ave 	[(-122.1547,37.245),(-122.1551,37.244)]
+Estudillo                     Ave 	[(-122.1584,37.229),(-122.1595,37.225)]
+Estudillo                     Ave 	[(-122.1608,37.22),(-122.1621,37.214)]
+Estudillo Canal                   	[(-122.1282,37.969),(-122.1288,37.964)]
+Estudillo Canal                   	[(-122.1323,37.929),(-122.1363,37.924),(-122.1369,37.924)]
+Estudillo Canal                   	[(-122.1397,37.923),(-122.14066,37.92204)]
+Estudillo Canal                   	[(-122.1569,37.861),(-122.1587,37.858)]
+Eucalyptus                    Ct  	[(-122.064324,37.37425),(-122.064548,37.37733)]
+Euclid                        Ave 	[(-122.2618,37.893),(-122.2612,37.887)]
+Euclid                        Ave 	[(-122.2627,37.907),(-122.2621,37.902)]
+Euclid                        Ave 	[(-122.2632,37.942),(-122.2644,37.93)]
+Euclid                        Ave 	[(-122.2671,37.009),(-122.2666,37.987)]
+Eugene                        St  	[(-121.963937,37.38628),(-121.9642,37.383)]
+Eugene                        St  	[(-121.9659,37.364),(-121.9664,37.358)]
+Evans                         St  	[(-121.7778,37.607),(-121.7777,37.602)]
+Evelyn                        Ave 	[(-122.2906,37.814),(-122.2903,37.807)]
+Evelyn                        Ave 	[(-122.2919,37.843),(-122.2909,37.83)]
+Everett                       Ave 	[(-122.2182,37.02),(-122.2172,37.05)]
+Everett                       Ave 	[(-122.219,37.094),(-122.218,37.087)]
+Everett                       St  	[(-122.236,37.678),(-122.2353,37.687)]
+Everett                       St  	[(-122.2385,37.647),(-122.238,37.653)]
+Everglade                     St  	[(-122.0822,37.275),(-122.083,37.272)]
+Everglades                    Lane	[(-121.8005,37.87),(-121.800259,37.87469)]
+Everglades Park               Dr  	[(-121.9703,37.175),(-121.9718,37.164)]
+Evergreen                     Ave 	[(-122.1367,37.234),(-122.1361,37.224)]
+Evergreen                     St  	[(-122.0877,37.458),(-122.087,37.455)]
+Excelsior                     Ave 	[(-122.2224,37.019),(-122.2215,37.016)]
+Excelsior                     Ave 	[(-122.2338,37.059),(-122.2312,37.051)]
+F                             St  	[(-122.0191,37.017),(-122.0198,37.013)]
+F                             St  	[(-122.0223,37.993),(-122.0225,37.993)]
+F                             St  	[(-122.0246,37.976),(-122.0247,37.974)]
+F Bay                             	[(-122.152,37.358),(-122.150473,37.24998)]
+F Bay                             	[(-122.2842,37.681),(-122.2841,37.68)]
+F Bay                             	[(-122.3138,37.645),(-122.3154,37.643)]
+Faber                         St  	[(-122.0694,37.105),(-122.075,37.106)]
+Fabian                        Way 	[(-122.0703,37.27),(-122.0684,37.269)]
+Fabian Com                        	[(-121.9951,37.537),(-121.9947,37.534)]
+Fair                          Ave 	[(-122.0298,37.395),(-122.0304,37.386)]
+Fairbrook                     Ct  	[(-121.9207,37.829),(-121.9218,37.826)]
+Fairfax                       Ave 	[(-122.1997,37.733),(-122.1997,37.724)]
+Fairfax                       Ave 	[(-122.2022,37.784),(-122.2015,37.778)]
+Fairlands                     Dr  	[(-121.871,37.976),(-121.8719,37.961)]
+Fairlands                     Dr  	[(-121.8731,37.956),(-121.8738,37.952)]
+Fairlands                     Road	[(-122.0583,37.784),(-122.059,37.781)]
+Fairmont                      Dr  	[(-122.1135,37.144),(-122.1109,37.143)]
+Fairmount                     Ave 	[(-122.2525,37.23),(-122.2511,37.234)]
+Fairmount                     Ave 	[(-122.2561,37.194),(-122.2553,37.202)]
+Fairview                      Ave 	[(-121.999,37.428),(-121.9863,37.351)]
+Fairview                      Ave 	[(-122.0165,37.549),(-122.016,37.525)]
+Fairview                      Ave 	[(-122.02765,37.68521),(-122.0274,37.669),(-122.0267,37.646)]
+Fairview                      Ave 	[(-122.038562,37.76258),(-122.0379,37.762)]
+Fairview                      Ave 	[(-122.0418,37.748),(-122.0402,37.764)]
+Fairview                      Ave 	[(-122.0432,37.752),(-122.0428,37.751)]
+Fairview                      Ave 	[(-122.049,37.788),(-122.0482,37.775)]
+Fairview                      Ave 	[(-122.2404,37.22),(-122.2401,37.227)]
+Fairview                      St  	[(-122.2792,37.495),(-122.2776,37.498)]
+Fairway                       Ct  	[(-122.0536,37.334),(-122.0539,37.33)]
+Fairway                       Dr  	[(-122.1753,37.994),(-122.176433,37.98933)]
+Fairway                       St  	[(-122.0353,37.237),(-122.0343,37.238)]
+Fairway                       St  	[(-122.0375,37.221),(-122.0368,37.226)]
+Fairwood                      St  	[(-121.9539,37.183),(-121.9573,37.178)]
+Fall Creek                    Road	[(-121.910898,37.2702),(-121.909729,37.25584)]
+Fallbrook                     Way 	[(-122.1285,37.533),(-122.1278,37.522)]
+Fallon                        St  	[(-122.2637,37.969),(-122.2633,37.977)]
+Fallon                        St  	[(-122.2661,37.931),(-122.2658,37.935)]
+Falls                         Ter 	[(-122.048735,37.61624),(-122.048402,37.60954)]
+Falmouth                      Pl  	[(-122.0301,37.513),(-122.031,37.502)]
+Farallon                      Dr  	[(-122.1681,37.938),(-122.1698,37.937)]
+Fargo                         Ave 	[(-122.1468,37.881),(-122.1476,37.887)]
+Farm Hill                     Dr  	[(-122.0328,37.523),(-122.0333,37.511)]
+Farnsworth                    St  	[(-122.1507,37.952),(-122.1507,37.944)]
+Farwell                       Dr  	[(-121.9867,37.255),(-121.9841,37.264)]
+Farwell                       Dr  	[(-121.996,37.291),(-121.9952,37.287)]
+Farwell                       Dr  	[(-121.9966,37.316),(-121.9962,37.314)]
+Farwell                       Dr  	[(-122.0133,37.392),(-122.0125,37.389),(-122.01186,37.3858)]
+Faulkner                      Dr  	[(-122.0034,37.53),(-122.0049,37.515)]
+Feldspar                      Ct  	[(-122.0722,37.874),(-122.0734,37.87)]
+Fellows                       St  	[(-122.0652,37.814),(-122.066,37.805)]
+Fellows                       St  	[(-122.0682,37.78),(-122.0687,37.775)]
+Fenico                        Ter 	[(-122.0166,37.562),(-122.0168,37.559)]
+Fenwick                       Way 	[(-121.947144,37.20116),(-121.9451,37.202)]
+Fenwick                       Way 	[(-121.9473,37.192),(-121.9472,37.199)]
+Fernside                      Ave 	[(-122.2337,37.514),(-122.2343,37.509)]
+Fernside                      Blvd	[(-122.2256,37.575),(-122.2249,37.581)]
+Fernside                      Blvd	[(-122.2271,37.645),(-122.2265,37.64)]
+Ferro                         St  	[(-122.2996,37.975),(-122.3025,37.968)]
+Ferry                         St  	[(-122.3128,37.147),(-122.3113,37.159)]
+Ferry                         St  	[(-122.3185,37.097),(-122.3155,37.122)]
+Field                         St  	[(-122.1604,37.721),(-122.1596,37.728)]
+Fielding                      Ct  	[(-122.0393,37.689),(-122.0384,37.688)]
+Fiji                          Way 	[(-122.1747,37.968),(-122.1753,37.965)]
+Filbert                       St  	[(-122.036,37.259),(-122.0356,37.252)]
+Filbert                       St  	[(-122.2779,37.215),(-122.2772,37.233)]
+Filbert                       St  	[(-122.2802,37.151),(-122.2796,37.168)]
+Finback                       Way 	[(-122.1783,37.934),(-122.1776,37.936)]
+Findlay                       Way 	[(-121.7463,37.753),(-121.7454,37.753)]
+Fir                           Ave 	[(-122.2385,37.318),(-122.2379,37.314)]
+Firestone                     Ct  	[(-122.1246,37.671),(-122.1246,37.666)]
+First                         St  	[(-121.7572,37.875),(-121.7576,37.863)]
+First                         St  	[(-121.7636,37.843),(-121.7644,37.84)]
+Firth                         Ct  	[(-122.1359,37.93),(-122.1363,37.924)]
+Fisk                          Ct  	[(-122.155,37.972),(-122.1545,37.968)]
+Fitzerald                     St  	[(-122.28185,37.26208),(-122.282237,37.26273)]
+Flagg                         St  	[(-122.0921,37.71),(-122.0914,37.7)]
+Fleet                         Road	[(-122.2235,37.085),(-122.2229,37.078)]
+Fleming                       Ave 	[(-122.1949,37.791),(-122.1948,37.783)]
+Fletcher                      Lane	[(-122.0779,37.668),(-122.0762,37.683)]
+Flint                         Ct  	[(-122.1074,37.711),(-122.1085,37.704)]
+Flint River                   Ter 	[(-122.054,37.78),(-122.0536,37.778)]
+Flora                         St  	[(-122.1882,37.625),(-122.1879,37.622)]
+Florence                      Ave 	[(-122.2253,37.376),(-122.225,37.373)]
+Florence                      Road	[(-121.7743,37.711),(-121.7743,37.687)]
+Floresta                      Blvd	[(-122.146,37.994),(-122.1478,37.98)]
+Florio                        St  	[(-122.2504,37.502),(-122.2494,37.504)]
+Flynn                         Road	[(-121.657764,37.18891),(-121.657276,37.18952)]
+Folsom                        Ave 	[(-122.0587,37.271),(-122.0596,37.269)]
+Folsom                        Ave 	[(-122.0628,37.259),(-122.062855,37.25882)]
+Fontaine                      Ct  	[(-122.1525,37.685),(-122.1517,37.688)]
+Fontana                       Dr  	[(-122.2458,37.36),(-122.2463,37.354)]
+Fontes                        Dr  	[(-121.933352,37.40768),(-121.93251,37.40887)]
+Fontonett                     Ave 	[(-121.795158,37.619),(-121.7947,37.619)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.0798,37.709),(-122.0798,37.688)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.0882,37.829),(-122.0869,37.822)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.0926,37.862),(-122.0918,37.857)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.0983,37.907),(-122.0981,37.905)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.1455,37.421),(-122.145202,37.41752)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.1775,37.697),(-122.1764,37.696)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.1948,37.725),(-122.1928,37.721)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.2018,37.724),(-122.2008,37.724)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.2136,37.77),(-122.2129,37.763)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.2216,37.837),(-122.2206,37.833)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.2289,37.846),(-122.2278,37.845)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.2414,37.9),(-122.2403,37.893)]
+Foothill                      Blvd	[(-122.2454,37.921),(-122.2442,37.91)]
+Foothill                      Lane	[(-121.905417,37.52303),(-121.905087,37.51659)]
+Foothill                      Road	[(-121.8956,37.413),(-121.8967,37.419)]
+Foothill                      Road	[(-121.9075,37.547),(-121.907696,37.55141)]
+Foothill                      Road	[(-121.923245,37.81689),(-121.9236,37.82)]
+Foothill                      Road	[(-121.932,37.93),(-121.9335,37.958)]
+Foothill Knolls               Dr  	[(-121.909407,37.65999),(-121.9094,37.657)]
+Fordham                       Way 	[(-121.7488,37.869),(-121.7481,37.869),(-121.7472,37.868)]
+Forest                        Pl  	[(-122.0672,37.051),(-122.0673,37.044)]
+Forest                        St  	[(-122.2541,37.443),(-122.2547,37.445)]
+Forest Glen                   Pl  	[(-122.067707,37.01875),(-122.068338,37.01945),(-122.068308,37.0263)]
+Forest Hill                   Ave 	[(-122.2118,37.034),(-122.2086,37.069)]
+Forestland                    Way 	[(-122.1886,37.334),(-122.1901,37.329)]
+Fortune                       Way 	[(-122.1877,37.693),(-122.187,37.688)]
+Foster                        Ct  	[(-122.0745,37.396),(-122.074447,37.39388)]
+Foster                        St  	[(-121.9683,37.367),(-121.9664,37.358)]
+Fountain                      St  	[(-122.2306,37.593),(-122.2293,37.605)]
+Foxfire                       Pl  	[(-122.063987,37.27349),(-122.064027,37.27459)]
+Foxswallow                    Road	[(-121.8776,37.793),(-121.8796,37.794)]
+Fraga                         Road	[(-122.0397,37.975),(-122.0393,37.987)]
+France                        Road	[(-122.045563,37.6829),(-122.045452,37.68292)]
+Francisco                     St  	[(-121.8687,37.749),(-121.8696,37.75)]
+Francisco                     St  	[(-122.286,37.733),(-122.285,37.735),(-122.2839,37.737)]
+Franklin                      Ave 	[(-122.0605,37.028),(-122.0614,37.039)]
+Franklin                      Dr  	[(-121.9049,37.954),(-121.9084,37.934)]
+Franklin                      St  	[(-122.2687,37.055),(-122.2679,37.068)]
+Franklin                      St  	[(-122.2702,37.03),(-122.2698,37.037)]
+Franklin                      St  	[(-122.2719,37.003),(-122.2715,37.009)]
+Franklin                      St  	[(-122.2744,37.961),(-122.2741,37.968)]
+Frederick                     Road	[(-122.174,37.244),(-122.1735,37.225)]
+Frederiksen                   Lane	[(-121.9251,37.162),(-121.9256,37.162)]
+Fredi                         St  	[(-122.0764,37.934),(-122.0767,37.93)]
+Freedom                       Ave 	[(-122.1219,37.081),(-122.1215,37.075)]
+Freeman                       Pl  	[(-122.0375,37.866),(-122.037548,37.86536)]
+Fremont                       Ave 	[(-122.1429,37.008),(-122.145652,37.04405)]
+Fremont                       Blvd	[(-121.9347,37.663),(-121.9324,37.65)]
+Fremont                       Blvd	[(-121.955914,37.22071),(-121.9556,37.213)]
+Fremont                       Blvd	[(-121.960056,37.3392),(-121.9584,37.33)]
+Fremont                       Blvd	[(-121.964,37.362),(-121.9632,37.357)]
+Fremont                       Blvd	[(-122.0043,37.573),(-122.0038,37.57)]
+Fremont                       Blvd	[(-122.006647,37.58506),(-122.0071,37.587)]
+Fremont                       Blvd	[(-122.02826,37.6908),(-122.02694,37.6842)]
+Fremont                       Blvd	[(-122.0348,37.724),(-122.0315,37.707)]
+Fremont                       Blvd	[(-122.0373,37.736),(-122.0361,37.73)]
+Fremont                       Blvd	[(-122.0392,37.746),(-122.039154,37.74569)]
+Fremont                       St  	[(-122.284,37.403),(-122.2841,37.407)]
+Frontage                      Road	[(-122.3051,37.664),(-122.2994,37.5)]
+Frontage                      Road	[(-122.3074,37.781),(-122.3048,37.71)]
+Fruitvale                     Ave 	[(-122.2158,37.985),(-122.2157,37.987)]
+Fruitvale                     Ave 	[(-122.2166,37.966),(-122.2163,37.97)]
+Fruitvale                     Ave 	[(-122.2182,37.923),(-122.218,37.929)]
+Fruitvale                     Ave 	[(-122.2257,37.754),(-122.2256,37.756)]
+Fruitvale                     Ave 	[(-122.2272,37.719),(-122.2269,37.725)]
+Fruitvale                     Ave 	[(-122.2285,37.693),(-122.227522,37.71256)]
+Fulmar                        Ter 	[(-122.045623,37.80299),(-122.045824,37.80101)]
+Funston Gate                  Ct  	[(-121.8824,37.847),(-121.883,37.842)]
+Fuschia                       Ct  	[(-122.0204,37.325),(-122.0199,37.323)]
+G                             St  	[(-122.0167,37.018),(-122.0174,37.013)]
+Gable                         Dr  	[(-121.9178,37.798),(-121.9175,37.799)]
+Gading                        Road	[(-122.0801,37.343),(-122.08,37.336)]
+Gading                        Road	[(-122.0802,37.388),(-122.0802,37.38)]
+Gail                          Dr  	[(-122.0853,37.858),(-122.0854,37.853)]
+Gainsborough                  Ct  	[(-122.2448,37.473),(-122.2447,37.461)]
+Gainsborough                  Ter 	[(-122.0369,37.764),(-122.0369,37.756)]
+Galaxy                        Dr  	[(-122.0675,37.866),(-122.068,37.86)]
+Galindo                       Dr  	[(-121.9071,37.895),(-121.9041,37.891)]
+Galindo                       St  	[(-122.2158,37.84),(-122.2149,37.837)]
+Gallegos                      Ave 	[(-121.9286,37.324),(-121.9285,37.318)]
+Galleon                       Pl  	[(-122.178053,37.9223),(-122.177578,37.92252)]
+Galloway                      St  	[(-121.7473,37.177),(-121.7459,37.18)]
+Galloway Common                   	[(-121.7459,37.18),(-121.745647,37.17049)]
+Galsworthy                    Ct  	[(-121.995,37.586),(-121.9955,37.585)]
+Galt                          St  	[(-122.1507,37.886),(-122.1507,37.88)]
+Galway Bay                        	[(-122.2473,37.389),(-122.2475,37.384)]
+Gamay                         Dr  	[(-121.9093,37.676),(-121.909,37.67)]
+Ganet                         Ter 	[(-122.045424,37.79478),(-122.04533,37.79418)]
+Ganton                        Ct  	[(-122.0379,37.146),(-122.038,37.152)]
+Garden                        Ave 	[(-122.1077,37.626),(-122.1075,37.61)]
+Garfield                      Ave 	[(-122.1718,37.638),(-122.1713,37.632)]
+Garfield                      Ave 	[(-122.1746,37.664),(-122.174,37.66)]
+Garin                         Ave 	[(-122.033003,37.2842),(-122.032,37.282)]
+Garland                       Ct  	[(-122.0924,37.192),(-122.0926,37.177)]
+Garrison                      Ave 	[(-122.0785,37.075),(-122.0785,37.051)]
+Garrone                       Ave 	[(-122.0498,37.437),(-122.0513,37.434)]
+Garwood Glenn                 Dr  	[(-122.06406,37.68946),(-122.064269,37.68336)]
+Gateview                      Ave 	[(-122.3047,37.921),(-122.3033,37.9)]
+Gatewood                      St  	[(-121.9574,37.185),(-121.9573,37.178)]
+Gawain                        Ct  	[(-122.0251,37.745),(-122.02374,37.7382)]
+Geary                         Road	[(-121.770923,37.99805),(-121.770222,37.9976)]
+Geary                         Road	[(-121.7784,37.014),(-121.7986,37.06)]
+Geary                         Road	[(-121.8277,37.073),(-121.8279,37.082)]
+Gem                           Ave 	[(-122.0167,37.823),(-122.0171,37.809)]
+Genoa                         St  	[(-122.2725,37.46),(-122.2727,37.467)]
+Georgean                      St  	[(-122.1024,37.877),(-122.1006,37.892)]
+Gertrude                      Dr  	[(-121.996,37.398),(-121.9966,37.39)]
+Gettysburg                    Ave 	[(-122.1089,37.366),(-122.1089,37.357)]
+Giannini                      Ct  	[(-122.0254,37.16),(-122.0256,37.157)]
+Gibbons                       Dr  	[(-122.2289,37.633),(-122.2283,37.633)]
+Gibbons                       Dr  	[(-122.2325,37.625),(-122.2317,37.629)]
+Gibraltar                     Dr  	[(-121.9025,37.96),(-121.9008,37.96)]
+Gibraltar                     Dr  	[(-122.0202,37.624),(-122.0207,37.619)]
+Gibraltar                     Dr  	[(-122.0242,37.603),(-122.0252,37.608)]
+Gibraltar                     Dr  	[(-122.026,37.613),(-122.026476,37.61522)]
+Gilbert                       Pl  	[(-121.9823,37.655),(-121.9836,37.653)]
+Gilman                        St  	[(-122.2883,37.813),(-122.2877,37.812)]
+Gilman                        St  	[(-122.2942,37.808),(-122.2933,37.81)]
+Gilman                        St  	[(-122.2962,37.803),(-122.2951,37.806)]
+Girvin                        Dr  	[(-122.1957,37.291),(-122.1904,37.299)]
+Gisler                        Way 	[(-122.042,37.285),(-122.0392,37.298)]
+Glacier                       Dr  	[(-121.8016,37.804),(-121.8017,37.809)]
+Glade                         St  	[(-122.0819,37.592),(-122.08171,37.5977)]
+Glen                          Ave 	[(-122.2514,37.257),(-122.2505,37.258)]
+Glen                          Dr  	[(-122.1459,37.316),(-122.1422,37.315)]
+Glen Alpine                   Road	[(-122.2198,37.223),(-122.2185,37.239),(-122.217349,37.236)]
+Glen Ellen                    Dr  	[(-122.0479,37.85),(-122.0475,37.851)]
+Glendale                      Dr  	[(-122.0074,37.46),(-122.0067,37.456)]
+Glenmoor                      Dr  	[(-122.0046,37.466),(-122.0038,37.461)]
+Glenora                       Way 	[(-121.9143,37.317),(-121.9146,37.316)]
+Glenview                      Dr  	[(-122.001,37.413),(-122.0002,37.409)]
+Glenwood                      St  	[(-121.7799,37.771),(-121.7794,37.771)]
+Gliddon                       St  	[(-122.0575,37.066),(-122.058,37.045)]
+Godwit                        Ct  	[(-122.0141,37.84),(-122.0141,37.845)]
+Gold Creek                        	[(-121.922096,37.88859),(-121.920744,37.88463)]
+Goldcrest                     Cir 	[(-121.8909,37.725),(-121.8917,37.73)]
+Golden Gate                   Way 	[(-122.2378,37.497),(-122.238055,37.49522)]
+Goldengate                    Ave 	[(-122.2324,37.451),(-122.232584,37.45192)]
+Golf                          Dr  	[(-121.7449,37.136),(-121.7443,37.142)]
+Golf Links                    Road	[(-122.1425,37.565),(-122.1415,37.569)]
+Golf Links                    Road	[(-122.1491,37.533),(-122.1482,37.536)]
+Gomes                         Road	[(-121.949156,37.42192),(-121.9493,37.42)]
+Gordon                        St  	[(-122.0405,37.752),(-122.0408,37.748)]
+Gordon                        St  	[(-122.2001,37.788),(-122.1998,37.785)]
+Gotubin Common                    	[(-122.053546,37.59037),(-122.054013,37.58887)]
+Grace                         Ave 	[(-122.276,37.431),(-122.2764,37.43)]
+Graffian                      St  	[(-122.16774,37.3758),(-122.1677,37.375)]
+Graham                        Ave 	[(-122.0311,37.321),(-122.032,37.31)]
+Graham                        Way 	[(-122.1328,37.128),(-122.1321,37.134)]
+Granada                       Cir 	[(-122.0734,37.229),(-122.0736,37.228)]
+Granada                       Cir 	[(-122.0741,37.234),(-122.0742,37.23)]
+Granada                       Dr  	[(-122.0734,37.212),(-122.0734,37.207)]
+Granada                       Dr  	[(-122.0738,37.22),(-122.0736,37.216)]
+Grand                         Ave 	[(-122.2442,37.18),(-122.244,37.184)]
+Grand                         Ave 	[(-122.2479,37.111),(-122.2478,37.115)]
+Grand                         Ave 	[(-122.2684,37.123),(-122.269233,37.12388)]
+Grand                         Ave 	[(-122.2722,37.128),(-122.2729,37.129)]
+Grand                         Ave 	[(-122.2812,37.154),(-122.2823,37.156),(-122.2834,37.159)]
+Grand                         St  	[(-122.2612,37.637),(-122.2609,37.643)]
+Grand Lake                    Dr  	[(-122.0553,37.89),(-122.056,37.894)]
+Grand Lake                    Dr  	[(-122.0591,37.864),(-122.0587,37.861)]
+Grandbrook Park               Ct  	[(-121.9661,37.136),(-121.9658,37.14)]
+Grandview                     Dr  	[(-122.229712,37.58234),(-122.230071,37.57618)]
+Grange                        Ter 	[(-122.04547,37.62805),(-122.045749,37.62695)]
+Granger                       Ave 	[(-122.0778,37.984),(-122.0784,37.985)]
+Grant                         Ave 	[(-122.1491,37.732),(-122.1512,37.722)]
+Grant                         Ave 	[(-122.1523,37.717),(-122.1535,37.712)]
+Grant                         Ave 	[(-122.1545,37.703),(-122.1567,37.683)]
+Grant                         St  	[(-122.2725,37.579),(-122.2723,37.57)]
+Grant                         St  	[(-122.2729,37.597),(-122.2727,37.588)]
+Grant                         St  	[(-122.2738,37.632),(-122.2735,37.623)]
+Grant Line                    Road	[(-121.583469,37.45746),(-121.583118,37.4641)]
+Granville                     Dr  	[(-122.0105,37.357),(-122.01,37.354)]
+Grass Valley                  Ct  	[(-122.1194,37.518),(-122.1187,37.516)]
+Grass Valley                  Road	[(-122.1246,37.764),(-122.1176,37.634)]
+Gray Fox                      Cir 	[(-121.84122,37.60072),(-121.841235,37.60161)]
+Grayson                       St  	[(-122.2883,37.56),(-122.2871,37.563)]
+Grayson                       St  	[(-122.2916,37.553),(-122.2906,37.556)]
+Greenhills                        	[(-122.082437,37.05551),(-122.08375,37.05557)]
+Greenly                       Dr  	[(-122.1595,37.704),(-122.1578,37.696)]
+Greenly                       Dr  	[(-122.1635,37.727),(-122.161,37.716)]
+Greenridge                    Road	[(-122.0454,37.151),(-122.043982,37.1588),(-122.0441,37.178)]
+Greens                        Lane	[(-121.8938,37.339),(-121.894,37.311)]
+Greentree                     Ct  	[(-121.8851,37.696),(-121.8855,37.692)]
+Greenview                     Dr  	[(-122.0652,37.907),(-122.064379,37.90817)]
+Greenview                     Dr  	[(-122.0688,37.905),(-122.0683,37.905),(-122.0663,37.907)]
+Greenville                    Road	[(-121.6957,37.798),(-121.6956,37.778)]
+Greenville                    Road	[(-121.6959,37.044),(-121.6959,37.034)]
+Greenville                    Road	[(-121.6999,37.175),(-121.6993,37.169)]
+Greenwood                     Road	[(-121.8795,37.705),(-121.8795,37.721)]
+Greenwood                     Road	[(-121.8795,37.745),(-121.8796,37.766)]
+Greenwood                     Road	[(-121.8796,37.801),(-121.8796,37.802)]
+Greer                         Ave 	[(-122.1393,37.889),(-122.1401,37.889)]
+Gresel                        St  	[(-122.0345,37.178),(-122.0338,37.182)]
+Gresham                       Ct  	[(-121.8752,37.943),(-121.8754,37.946)]
+Grimmer                       Blvd	[(-121.9555,37.054),(-121.9534,37.05)]
+Grimmer                       Blvd	[(-121.9625,37.394),(-121.9633,37.383)]
+Grimmer                       Blvd	[(-121.9636,37.133),(-121.962341,37.11577)]
+Grimmer                       Blvd	[(-121.966619,37.178),(-121.966,37.165)]
+Grimmer                       Blvd	[(-121.967,37.332),(-121.9682,37.315)]
+Grizzly Peak                  Blvd	[(-122.2112,37.568),(-122.2105,37.561)]
+Grizzly Peak                  Blvd	[(-122.2213,37.638),(-122.2127,37.581)]
+Grizzly Peak                  Blvd	[(-122.254,37.915),(-122.2536,37.912)]
+Grizzly Peak                  Blvd	[(-122.26,37.965),(-122.259,37.952)]
+Grizzly Peak                  Blvd	[(-122.2689,37.035),(-122.2667,37.02)]
+Grouse                        Way 	[(-122.0136,37.821),(-122.013412,37.83099)]
+Grove                         St  	[(-122.2364,37.582),(-122.2357,37.59)]
+Grove                         Way 	[(-122.0643,37.884),(-122.062679,37.89162),(-122.061796,37.89578),(-122.0609,37.9)]
+Grove                         Way 	[(-122.078,37.842),(-122.0759,37.843)]
+Grove                         Way 	[(-122.1041,37.76),(-122.102947,37.76318)]
+Grovenor                      Dr  	[(-122.0893,37.224),(-122.0887,37.209)]
+Gulfstream                    St  	[(-121.8645,37.976),(-121.8645,37.993)]
+Gull                          Ct  	[(-122.0594,37.775),(-122.0595,37.782)]
+Gull                          Way 	[(-121.8004,37.846),(-121.7996,37.845)]
+Gunn                          Dr  	[(-122.1902,37.347),(-122.190933,37.35637),(-122.192,37.357)]
+Guthrie                       St  	[(-121.861539,37.97796),(-121.860503,37.97781)]
+H                             St  	[(-121.7625,37.766),(-121.7621,37.756)]
+H                             St  	[(-122.0204,37.974),(-122.0207,37.972)]
+Hacienda                      Ave 	[(-122.1192,37.754),(-122.1214,37.746)]
+Hacienda                      Ave 	[(-122.1225,37.742),(-122.1235,37.738)]
+Hacienda                      Ave 	[(-122.125,37.729),(-122.1259,37.719)]
+Hackamore                     Lane	[(-121.922474,37.86233),(-121.9223,37.863)]
+Hackamore                     Lane	[(-121.924324,37.85594),(-121.9239,37.857)]
+Hackamore Com                     	[(-121.9233,37.864),(-121.922542,37.86411)]
+Haddon                        Pl  	[(-122.2416,37.099),(-122.2411,37.103)]
+Hagemann                      Dr  	[(-121.79953,37.88118),(-121.7995,37.883)]
+Haight                        Ave 	[(-122.2881,37.767),(-122.2883,37.756)]
+Haley                         St  	[(-122.0444,37.367),(-122.042309,37.35074)]
+Haley                         St  	[(-122.0585,37.436),(-122.0579,37.432)]
+Halkin                        Lane	[(-122.2684,37.983),(-122.2677,37.985)]
+Halliday                      Ave 	[(-122.175147,37.63369),(-122.1747,37.629)]
+Hamilton                      Pl  	[(-122.2592,37.151),(-122.2604,37.16)]
+Hamilton                      St  	[(-122.188,37.549),(-122.1875,37.544)]
+Hamlin                        St  	[(-122.009871,37.36805),(-122.0092,37.365)]
+Hampel                        St  	[(-122.2248,37.078),(-122.2244,37.073)]
+Hampton                       Road	[(-122.1086,37.838),(-122.1073,37.84)]
+Hampton                       Road	[(-122.2146,37.189),(-122.2139,37.183)]
+Hampton                       Road	[(-122.222,37.177),(-122.2209,37.179)]
+Hamrick                       Lane	[(-122.0831,37.344),(-122.0839,37.342)]
+Hancock                       Dr  	[(-121.9569,37.419),(-121.957,37.413)]
+Hanly                         Road	[(-122.2137,37.067),(-122.2135,37.075)]
+Hannah                        St  	[(-122.2854,37.216),(-122.2861,37.237)]
+Hanover                       Ave 	[(-122.2488,37.034),(-122.2477,37.037)]
+Hanover                       Ave 	[(-122.2536,37.031),(-122.253,37.031)]
+Hanover                       St  	[(-121.789629,37.92481),(-121.7892,37.934)]
+Hanover                       St  	[(-121.7911,37.942),(-121.7923,37.95)]
+Hanover                       St  	[(-121.7939,37.918),(-121.7928,37.918)]
+Hansen                        Ave 	[(-122.0121,37.523),(-122.0124,37.519)]
+Hansen                        Dr  	[(-121.8984,37.7),(-121.898897,37.69774)]
+Hansen                        Road	[(-122.0551,37.706),(-122.055,37.712)]
+Hansom                        Dr  	[(-122.1369,37.75),(-122.1354,37.726)]
+Happy Valley                  Road	[(-121.877541,37.35652),(-121.871788,37.33636)]
+Happy Valley                  Road	[(-121.879849,37.36461),(-121.877975,37.35804)]
+Happyland                     Ave 	[(-122.1044,37.666),(-122.104441,37.66152)]
+Harbor Bay                    Pkwy	[(-122.233076,37.25225),(-122.236357,37.2515),(-122.2385,37.251)]
+Harbor Light                  Road	[(-122.2667,37.606),(-122.2651,37.631)]
+Harbor View                   Ave 	[(-122.1872,37.927),(-122.1866,37.921)]
+Harder                        Road	[(-122.0693,37.506),(-122.0688,37.506)]
+Harder                        Road	[(-122.0793,37.489),(-122.0802,37.488)]
+Harlan                        St  	[(-122.1477,37.195),(-122.151,37.182)]
+Harlon                        Ct  	[(-122.0223,37.447),(-122.0229,37.445)]
+Harmon                        Ave 	[(-122.194,37.68),(-122.1924,37.664),(-122.1911,37.652)]
+Harpers Ferry                 Ct  	[(-121.9019,37.758),(-121.902271,37.7633)]
+Harrington                    Ave 	[(-122.2115,37.847),(-122.2108,37.851)]
+Harris                        Road	[(-122.0659,37.372),(-122.0675,37.363)]
+Harris                        Road	[(-122.0681,37.36),(-122.0705,37.347)]
+Harrisburg                    Ave 	[(-122.011,37.776),(-122.0113,37.773)]
+Harrison                      St  	[(-122.1539,37.268),(-122.1535,37.259)]
+Harrison                      St  	[(-122.2544,37.197),(-122.2542,37.199)]
+Harrison                      St  	[(-122.2577,37.172),(-122.2569,37.176)]
+Harrison                      St  	[(-122.2621,37.108),(-122.262,37.11)]
+Harrison                      St  	[(-122.2722,37.952),(-122.2717,37.958)]
+Harrison St                   Ramp	[(-122.262,37.11),(-122.2613,37.114)]
+Hartford                      Dr  	[(-122.0297,37.94),(-122.0295,37.944)]
+Hartley Gate                  Ct  	[(-121.8803,37.863),(-121.8812,37.871)]
+Hartman                       Road	[(-121.7876,37.217),(-121.7953,37.211)]
+Harvard                       Way 	[(-121.754,37.805),(-121.7508,37.806)]
+Harvest                       Road	[(-121.8797,37.687),(-121.8807,37.691)]
+Harwood                       Ave 	[(-122.2471,37.497),(-122.2466,37.498)]
+Harwood                       Ave 	[(-122.25,37.489),(-122.2475,37.495)]
+Haskell                       St  	[(-122.2825,37.512),(-122.2805,37.516)]
+Hathaway                      Ave 	[(-122.1109,37.742),(-122.1105,37.739)]
+Havasu                        St  	[(-121.9209,37.887),(-121.9204,37.878)]
+Havenscourt                   Blvd	[(-122.1891,37.634),(-122.1888,37.638),(-122.1882,37.643)]
+Haverhill                     Dr  	[(-122.1938,37.246),(-122.1915,37.242)]
+Hawkins                       St  	[(-121.969533,37.36702),(-121.9703,37.358)]
+Hawley                        St  	[(-122.1921,37.531),(-122.1915,37.526)]
+Hawthorne                     Ter 	[(-122.261,37.825),(-122.262,37.823)]
+Hayfield                      Road	[(-121.8292,37.314),(-121.8281,37.295)]
+Hays                          St  	[(-122.1538,37.203),(-122.1533,37.194)]
+Hayward                       Blvd	[(-122.0224,37.563),(-122.0179,37.544)]
+Hayward                       Blvd	[(-122.0335,37.552),(-122.032996,37.55094)]
+Hayward                       Blvd	[(-122.03757,37.5596),(-122.033997,37.55449)]
+Hayward                       Blvd	[(-122.0383,37.556),(-122.0381,37.557)]
+Hayward                       Blvd	[(-122.050043,37.58583),(-122.0484,37.574),(-122.047,37.556)]
+Hearst                        Ave 	[(-122.2551,37.757),(-122.2545,37.758)]
+Hearst                        Ave 	[(-122.2691,37.738),(-122.268,37.74)]
+Hearst                        Ave 	[(-122.2726,37.734),(-122.2715,37.735)]
+Hearst                        Ave 	[(-122.277,37.727),(-122.2748,37.731)]
+Hearst                        Ave 	[(-122.2858,37.714),(-122.2847,37.715)]
+Hearst                        Ave 	[(-122.2918,37.704),(-122.2887,37.709)]
+Hearst                        Ave 	[(-122.3027,37.682),(-122.3019,37.685)]
+Heartwood                     Dr  	[(-122.2006,37.341),(-122.1992,37.338)]
+Heathrow                      Ter 	[(-122.057185,37.55699),(-122.056911,37.55223)]
+Hebrides                      Ct  	[(-122.0343,37.529),(-122.034,37.531)]
+Hegenberger                   Exwy	[(-122.1874,37.572),(-122.1891,37.56)]
+Hegenberger                   Exwy	[(-122.1946,37.52),(-122.1947,37.497)]
+Hegenberger                   Road	[(-122.1953,37.401),(-122.1953,37.404)]
+Hegenberger                   Road	[(-122.1955,37.378),(-122.1954,37.385)]
+Heidelberg                    Dr  	[(-121.7692,37.638),(-121.7714,37.645)]
+Heidelberg                    Dr  	[(-121.7761,37.614),(-121.7751,37.614)]
+Heinz                         Ave 	[(-122.2953,37.527),(-122.2912,37.536)]
+Hellman                       St  	[(-122.1403,37.471),(-122.1406,37.464)]
+Helsinki                      Way 	[(-121.7753,37.659),(-121.7744,37.658)]
+Hemlock                       Ter 	[(-121.986875,37.25649),(-121.986744,37.25571)]
+Henry                         St  	[(-122.2706,37.857),(-122.2704,37.843)]
+Heritage                      Ter 	[(-121.997217,37.55076),(-121.997913,37.54319)]
+Herman                        Ave 	[(-121.7163,37.123),(-121.7164,37.142)]
+Hermes                        Ct  	[(-122.0786,37.516),(-122.0784,37.514)]
+Hermitage                     Ave 	[(-122.0542,37.384),(-122.0566,37.368)]
+Hermitage                     Ct  	[(-121.7295,37.263),(-121.729426,37.26819)]
+Hermitage                     Lane	[(-122.0362,37.137),(-122.0354,37.136)]
+Hermosa                       Ave 	[(-122.2309,37.415),(-122.231,37.404),(-122.2301,37.404)]
+Herrier                       St  	[(-122.1943,37.006),(-122.1936,37.998)]
+Herrin                        Way 	[(-121.9098,37.888),(-121.91,37.893)]
+Hesperian                     Blvd	[(-122.0878,37.182),(-122.0873,37.174)]
+Hesperian                     Blvd	[(-122.088064,37.18684),(-122.087886,37.18358)]
+Hesperian                     Blvd	[(-122.0916,37.245),(-122.0896,37.214)]
+Hesperian                     Blvd	[(-122.097,37.333),(-122.0956,37.31),(-122.0946,37.293)]
+Hesperian                     Blvd	[(-122.1079,37.513),(-122.1076,37.507)]
+Hesperian                     Blvd	[(-122.1102,37.551),(-122.1091,37.534)]
+Hesperian                     Blvd	[(-122.1132,37.6),(-122.1123,37.586)]
+Hesperian                     Blvd	[(-122.1257,37.792),(-122.1251,37.781)]
+Hesperian                     Blvd	[(-122.1287,37.989),(-122.1287,37.984)]
+Hesperian                     Blvd	[(-122.1288,37.922),(-122.1288,37.913)]
+Hesse                         Dr  	[(-122.0782,37.208),(-122.0782,37.204)]
+Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct             	[(-121.635378,37.0634),(-121.630012,37.07482)]
+Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct             	[(-121.687586,37.92102),(-121.686938,37.92241)]
+Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct             	[(-121.74008,37.81072),(-121.739425,37.81211)]
+Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct             	[(-121.9355,37.477),(-121.9169,37.53)]
+Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct             	[(-121.9465,37.448),(-121.945888,37.4496)]
+Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct             	[(-121.94968,37.4388),(-121.9488,37.441)]
+Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct             	[(-121.9615,37.407),(-121.960853,37.40854)]
+Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct             	[(-122.0007,37.313),(-122.0005,37.313)]
+Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct             	[(-122.0233,37.291),(-122.020432,37.29388)]
+Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct             	[(-122.0255,37.283),(-122.0245,37.286)]
+Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct             	[(-122.039,37.25),(-122.0404,37.247)]
+Heyer                         Ave 	[(-122.0673,37.044),(-122.0657,37.044)]
+Hibiscus                      Ave 	[(-121.999801,37.80223),(-121.9993,37.8)]
+Hickory                       Lane	[(-121.9163,37.102),(-121.91604,37.1072)]
+Hickory                       St  	[(-122.0524,37.214),(-122.0523,37.211)]
+Hidalgo                       Ct  	[(-121.9505,37.614),(-121.9512,37.608)]
+Hidden                        Lane	[(-122.0553,37.757),(-122.05301,37.75242),(-122.0503,37.747)]
+Higgins                       Way 	[(-121.9433,37.392),(-121.9424,37.392)]
+High                          St  	[(-121.9601,37.381),(-121.95938,37.3774)]
+High                          St  	[(-122.1901,37.889),(-122.1899,37.891)]
+High                          St  	[(-122.199,37.845),(-122.1983,37.849)]
+High                          St  	[(-122.2007,37.837),(-122.1997,37.842)]
+High                          St  	[(-122.2151,37.712),(-122.2145,37.716)]
+High                          St  	[(-122.2233,37.647),(-122.2226,37.652)]
+High                          St  	[(-122.2281,37.605),(-122.2273,37.611),(-122.2267,37.618)]
+High                          St  	[(-122.2295,37.592),(-122.2288,37.597)]
+High                          St  	[(-122.2379,37.514),(-122.2367,37.526)]
+Highland                      Ave 	[(-122.2286,37.21),(-122.2285,37.2)]
+Hilgard                       Ave 	[(-122.2603,37.787),(-122.2585,37.789)]
+Hilgard                       Ave 	[(-122.2638,37.782),(-122.2624,37.783)]
+Hill                          Road	[(-122.2498,37.881),(-122.2486,37.868)]
+Hillcrest                     Ave 	[(-121.7472,37.839),(-121.7473,37.834)]
+Hillcrest                     Ave 	[(-122.0492,37.591),(-122.0485,37.587)]
+Hillcroft                     Cir 	[(-122.2304,37.089),(-122.2301,37.093)]
+Hilldale                      Ave 	[(-122.2629,37.96),(-122.2624,37.956)]
+Hillegass                     Ave 	[(-122.2541,37.503),(-122.2543,37.513)]
+Hillegass                     Ave 	[(-122.2545,37.561),(-122.2541,37.539)]
+Hillegass                     Ave 	[(-122.2557,37.619),(-122.2554,37.601)]
+Hiller                        Dr  	[(-122.2275,37.551),(-122.2263,37.542)]
+Hiller                        Dr  	[(-122.228415,37.50849),(-122.2284,37.508)]
+Hillgirt                      Cir 	[(-122.2429,37.079),(-122.2424,37.076)]
+Hillside                      Ave 	[(-121.997183,37.84571),(-121.998118,37.83759),(-121.9983,37.836)]
+Hillside                      Ct  	[(-122.2345,37.231),(-122.2342,37.225)]
+Hillside                      St  	[(-122.1628,37.561),(-122.1625,37.553)]
+Hilltop                       Cres	[(-122.2256,37.329),(-122.2246,37.319)]
+Hillview                      Ct  	[(-121.9178,37.841),(-121.9191,37.838)]
+Hillview                      Road	[(-122.253,37.934),(-122.25,37.92)]
+Hilsadne                      Ter 	[(-122.046919,37.64183),(-122.04699,37.6443)]
+Hilton                        St  	[(-122.03,37.877),(-122.0305,37.864)]
+Hobart                        Ct  	[(-121.9108,37.709),(-121.9102,37.711)]
+Hochler                       Dr  	[(-121.9111,37.317),(-121.9099,37.305)]
+Hogan                         Pl  	[(-121.7696,37.507),(-121.7689,37.502)]
+Holiday                       St  	[(-122.0421,37.306),(-122.0418,37.304)]
+Holladay                      Ct  	[(-121.7773,37.842),(-121.778,37.841)]
+Holland                       Dr  	[(-121.9115,37.798),(-121.9118,37.801)]
+Holland                       Dr  	[(-121.9124,37.814),(-121.9126,37.821)]
+Holland                       St  	[(-122.2038,37.688),(-122.2016,37.677)]
+Hollis                        St  	[(-122.2851,37.314),(-122.2857,37.332)]
+Hollis                        St  	[(-122.2866,37.355),(-122.2869,37.362)]
+Hollis                        St  	[(-122.2885,37.397),(-122.289,37.414)]
+Hollis                        St  	[(-122.2894,37.428),(-122.2895,37.433)]
+Hollis                        St  	[(-122.2901,37.45),(-122.2903,37.458)]
+Hollis                        St  	[(-122.291,37.48),(-122.2913,37.49)]
+Holly                         St  	[(-122.1715,37.488),(-122.1704,37.472)]
+Holly                         St  	[(-122.1742,37.532),(-122.1737,37.526)]
+Holly                         St  	[(-122.2393,37.3),(-122.2395,37.297)]
+Hollyhock                     Dr  	[(-122.131813,37.99633),(-122.1306,37.997)]
+Holmes                        St  	[(-121.7784,37.776),(-121.778512,37.7704)]
+Holmes                        St  	[(-121.7789,37.751),(-121.7789,37.747)]
+Holmes                        St  	[(-121.7794,37.697),(-121.7794,37.67)]
+Holmes                        St  	[(-121.7816,37.566),(-121.7818,37.56)]
+Holt                          St  	[(-122.063,37.813),(-122.063508,37.80257)]
+Honeysuckle                   Road	[(-121.7458,37.102),(-121.745,37.096)]
+Hooper                        St  	[(-121.955964,37.28079),(-121.95582,37.27507)]
+Hoover                        Ave 	[(-122.2088,37.116),(-122.2086,37.115)]
+Hop Ranch                     Road	[(-122.0461,37.942),(-122.045974,37.92945)]
+Hopkins                       Ct  	[(-122.2829,37.819),(-122.2822,37.822)]
+Hopkins                       St  	[(-122.0778,37.184),(-122.0775,37.159)]
+Hopkins                       St  	[(-122.284,37.802),(-122.2834,37.805)]
+Hopyard                       Road	[(-121.8828,37.674),(-121.8833,37.678)]
+Hopyard                       Road	[(-121.9026,37.975),(-121.9033,37.985)]
+Horatio                       Way 	[(-122.0499,37.781),(-122.0505,37.774)]
+Hospital                      Dr  	[(-122.257,37.548),(-122.2559,37.549)]
+Hotchkiss                     St  	[(-121.9283,37.947),(-121.9287,37.958)]
+Howe                          Ct  	[(-121.9514,37.252),(-121.9544,37.25)]
+Howe                          St  	[(-122.2541,37.265),(-122.2537,37.267)]
+Hoyt                          St  	[(-121.9195,37.842),(-121.9184,37.824)]
+Hubbard                       Ave 	[(-122.1585,37.914),(-122.1602,37.914)]
+Huber                         Dr  	[(-122.0904,37.09),(-122.09042,37.0804),(-122.0901,37.074)]
+Hudson                        Lane	[(-122.1483,37.14),(-122.149,37.137)]
+Hugh                          Way 	[(-122.0322,37.185),(-122.0317,37.18)]
+Hula                          Cir 	[(-122.0465,37.869),(-122.0468,37.875)]
+Humboldt                      Ave 	[(-122.2145,37.872),(-122.2133,37.879)]
+Hummingbird                   Road	[(-121.8824,37.777),(-121.8853,37.773)]
+Hummingbird                   Road	[(-121.8862,37.774),(-121.8871,37.774)]
+Hunter                        Ave 	[(-122.1824,37.312),(-122.1816,37.339)]
+Huntington                    St  	[(-122.1866,37.895),(-122.186,37.899)]
+Huntwood                      Ave 	[(-122.0531,37.093),(-122.0531,37.078)]
+Huntwood                      Ave 	[(-122.06,37.279),(-122.0598,37.273)]
+Huntwood                      Ave 	[(-122.0641,37.336),(-122.063367,37.32585),(-122.0628,37.318)]
+Huntwood                      Ave 	[(-122.0781,37.48),(-122.0774,37.473)]
+Hutton                        Ct  	[(-121.9826,37.274),(-121.9822,37.272)]
+Hyde                          St  	[(-122.2198,37.883),(-122.2171,37.872)]
+I                             St  	[(-121.7655,37.798),(-121.7652,37.791)]
+I                             St  	[(-121.7675,37.848),(-121.7682,37.857)]
+I- 205                            	((-121.573292,37.41726),(-121.571644,37.42),(-121.563557,37.42641))
+I- 205                            	[(-121.572819,37.42107),(-121.571705,37.42168),(-121.563557,37.42641),(-121.560856,37.42885),(-121.559467,37.42946),(-121.559055,37.42939),(-121.558781,37.42992),(-121.556644,37.43214),(-121.5559,37.434)]
+I- 580                            	((-121.628147,37.33089),(-121.605091,37.3605),(-121.589344,37.3946),(-121.58118,37.41062),(-121.573292,37.41726),(-121.571644,37.41779),(-121.55843,37.40406))
+I- 580                            	((-121.628147,37.33089),(-121.629246,37.32464),(-121.644337,37.2411),(-121.654377,37.20798),(-121.654356,37.20723),(-121.654926,37.20531),(-121.658827,37.19552))
+I- 580                            	((-121.727,37.074),(-121.7255,37.083),(-121.7234,37.092),(-121.723,37.095),(-121.721995,37.09859),(-121.7216,37.1),(-121.7211,37.102),(-121.7188,37.109))
+I- 580                            	((-122.1752,37.826),(-122.177,37.833))
+I- 580                            	((-122.2029,37.928),(-122.2036,37.933),(-122.2043,37.938))
+I- 580                            	((-122.2535,37.196),(-122.2539,37.2))
+I- 580                            	((-122.2744,37.262),(-122.2746,37.263),(-122.2774,37.27),(-122.278,37.271),(-122.2792,37.274),(-122.2806,37.275),(-122.2817,37.276),(-122.2828,37.276),(-122.2837,37.276))
+I- 580                            	((-122.2837,37.276),(-122.2849,37.273),(-122.286,37.27),(-122.2868,37.269),(-122.2871,37.266),(-122.2882,37.265),(-122.2893,37.266))
+I- 580                            	[(-121.560856,37.42885),(-121.55843,37.40406),(-121.557655,37.39926),(-121.556,37.389)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.628757,37.34287),(-121.600742,37.38407),(-121.588856,37.40124),(-121.580494,37.41451),(-121.572819,37.42107)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.628757,37.34287),(-121.630009,37.33791),(-121.657688,37.20089),(-121.658827,37.19552),(-121.659626,37.19326),(-121.660816,37.18952)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.664341,37.1822),(-121.662081,37.18693),(-121.661812,37.18746),(-121.660816,37.18952)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.664341,37.1822),(-121.666965,37.18166),(-121.6697,37.185)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.727,37.074),(-121.7229,37.093),(-121.722301,37.09522),(-121.721001,37.10005),(-121.7194,37.106),(-121.7188,37.109),(-121.7168,37.12),(-121.7163,37.123),(-121.7145,37.127),(-121.7096,37.148),(-121.707731,37.1568),(-121.7058,37.166),(-121.7055,37.168),(-121.7044,37.174),(-121.7038,37.172),(-121.7037,37.172),(-121.7027,37.175),(-121.7001,37.181),(-121.6957,37.191),(-121.6948,37.192),(-121.6897,37.204),(-121.6697,37.185)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.727,37.074),(-121.7275,37.072),(-121.7331,37.046)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.7705,37.013),(-121.769039,37.01504),(-121.7583,37.03),(-121.7557,37.03),(-121.754805,37.02966),(-121.750803,37.02812),(-121.75,37.02738),(-121.7489,37.026),(-121.7453,37.024),(-121.7438,37.024),(-121.7411,37.024),(-121.740416,37.02505),(-121.739035,37.02719),(-121.7379,37.028),(-121.736275,37.03278),(-121.7362,37.033),(-121.7358,37.034),(-121.7331,37.046)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.8585,37.013),(-121.8521,37.011),(-121.8485,37.011),(-121.8463,37.011),(-121.8455,37.011),(-121.8416,37.011),(-121.8414,37.011),(-121.834001,37.0104),(-121.8292,37.01),(-121.8288,37.009),(-121.82332,37.00833),(-121.8206,37.008)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.8585,37.013),(-121.863393,37.01213),(-121.8641,37.012)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.9214,37.015),(-121.9189,37.02),(-121.918,37.02),(-121.9087,37.017),(-121.90609,37.01797),(-121.906,37.018)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.9214,37.015),(-121.9217,37.014)]
+I- 580                            	[(-121.9322,37.989),(-121.9243,37.006),(-121.9217,37.014)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.018,37.019),(-122.0009,37.032),(-121.9787,37.983),(-121.958,37.984),(-121.9571,37.986)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.0911,37.906),(-122.09,37.908),(-122.0882,37.908),(-122.0856,37.909),(-122.078489,37.909),(-122.0726,37.909),(-122.0711,37.91),(-122.068287,37.91137),(-122.0649,37.914)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.098,37.908),(-122.0965,37.904),(-122.095586,37.903),(-122.0953,37.903),(-122.0943,37.902),(-122.0938,37.903),(-122.093241,37.90351)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.1108,37.023),(-122.1101,37.02),(-122.108103,37.00764),(-122.108,37.007),(-122.1069,37.998),(-122.1064,37.994),(-122.1053,37.982),(-122.1048,37.977),(-122.1032,37.958),(-122.1026,37.953),(-122.1013,37.938),(-122.0989,37.911),(-122.0984,37.91),(-122.098,37.908)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.1306,37.157),(-122.1298,37.147),(-122.1277,37.122),(-122.126709,37.11468),(-122.1254,37.105),(-122.125,37.103),(-122.1237,37.096),(-122.1231,37.093),(-122.1214,37.082),(-122.1183,37.066),(-122.116,37.052),(-122.1153,37.048),(-122.1108,37.023)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.1543,37.703),(-122.1535,37.694),(-122.1512,37.655),(-122.1475,37.603),(-122.1468,37.583),(-122.1472,37.569),(-122.149044,37.54874),(-122.1493,37.546),(-122.1501,37.532),(-122.1506,37.509),(-122.1495,37.482),(-122.1487,37.467),(-122.1477,37.447),(-122.1414,37.383),(-122.1404,37.376),(-122.1398,37.372),(-122.139,37.356),(-122.1388,37.353),(-122.1385,37.34),(-122.1382,37.33),(-122.1378,37.316)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.1716,37.805),(-122.1703,37.799),(-122.170042,37.79758),(-122.169413,37.79411),(-122.167295,37.78244),(-122.166339,37.77717),(-122.165224,37.77112),(-122.1648,37.769)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.1716,37.805),(-122.1728,37.811),(-122.1742,37.817)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.177,37.833),(-122.1789,37.838)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2043,37.938),(-122.204734,37.94074),(-122.2062,37.95),(-122.207492,37.95608),(-122.2079,37.958),(-122.2085,37.962)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2197,37.99),(-122.22,37.99),(-122.222092,37.99523),(-122.2232,37.998),(-122.224146,37.99963),(-122.2261,37.003),(-122.2278,37.007),(-122.2302,37.026),(-122.2323,37.043),(-122.2344,37.059),(-122.235405,37.06427),(-122.2365,37.07)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2535,37.196),(-122.2533,37.196)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2539,37.2),(-122.2541,37.201)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2613,37.23),(-122.2601,37.22833),(-122.2611,37.231),(-122.2639,37.238),(-122.2646,37.241),(-122.2654,37.242)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2613,37.23),(-122.263448,37.23307),(-122.2647,37.23486),(-122.2655,37.236),(-122.2664,37.238)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2664,37.238),(-122.2675,37.243)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2675,37.243),(-122.2677,37.243),(-122.2681,37.244)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2679,37.248),(-122.2681,37.248)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2744,37.262),(-122.2734,37.259),(-122.2695,37.247),(-122.268532,37.2449),(-122.268237,37.24426),(-122.2681,37.244)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2893,37.266),(-122.2904,37.27),(-122.2909,37.273)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2901,37.274),(-122.2905,37.278),(-122.2921,37.286),(-122.2927,37.299)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2909,37.273),(-122.2918,37.279),(-122.2923,37.282)]
+I- 580                            	[(-122.2928,37.293),(-122.2931,37.301)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	((-121.818,37.011),(-121.8187,37.014))
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.660816,37.18952),(-121.659428,37.19105),(-121.658115,37.19272),(-121.657078,37.19639),(-121.654926,37.20531)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.739,37.02),(-121.738298,37.02506),(-121.737988,37.02686),(-121.7379,37.028)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.8521,37.011),(-121.8496,37.025)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.866951,37.01385),(-121.871381,37.02608)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.8713,37.014),(-121.871352,37.02321)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.8743,37.014),(-121.8722,37.999),(-121.8714,37.999)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.906,37.018),(-121.9056,37.011)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.906,37.018),(-121.905635,37.0239),(-121.9065,37.023)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.906,37.018),(-121.906044,37.02416),(-121.906177,37.02331),(-121.906315,37.02115)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.9068,37.027),(-121.9059,37.029),(-121.9078,37.04)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.9087,37.017),(-121.907194,37.02619),(-121.9071,37.029),(-121.9072,37.033)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.9335,37.987),(-121.9341,37.991),(-121.9345,37.985)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.9345,37.985),(-121.9341,37.978)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.9364,37.986),(-121.9338,37.971),(-121.9331,37.979),(-121.9322,37.989)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.9368,37.986),(-121.936483,37.98832),(-121.9353,37.997),(-121.93504,37.00035),(-121.9346,37.006),(-121.933764,37.00031),(-121.9333,37.997),(-121.9322,37.989)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.9562,37.984),(-121.9565,37.98)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.9571,37.986),(-121.9565,37.98)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-121.958,37.984),(-121.9565,37.98)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.0195,37.012),(-122.0203,37.015),(-122.0212,37.02)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.0531,37.932),(-122.0544,37.941)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.0649,37.914),(-122.0639,37.92),(-122.063,37.923)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.0884,37.911),(-122.0856,37.909)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.093241,37.90351),(-122.09364,37.89634),(-122.093788,37.89212)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.0934,37.896),(-122.09257,37.89961),(-122.0911,37.906)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.0941,37.897),(-122.0943,37.902)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.0953,37.903),(-122.0971,37.911),(-122.0943,37.902)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.096,37.888),(-122.0962,37.891),(-122.0964,37.9)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.101,37.898),(-122.1005,37.902),(-122.0989,37.911)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.108,37.007),(-122.1093,37.02)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1086,37.003),(-122.1068,37.993),(-122.1066,37.992),(-122.1053,37.982)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1086,37.003),(-122.1103,37.018),(-122.1108,37.023),(-122.1093,37.02)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1206,37.088),(-122.1203,37.083),(-122.1183,37.066)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1215,37.075),(-122.1183,37.066)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1226,37.099),(-122.1238,37.102),(-122.1254,37.105)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1237,37.096),(-122.1234,37.09)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1311,37.177),(-122.1306,37.157)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1371,37.279),(-122.1367,37.264)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1371,37.279),(-122.1381,37.262)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1378,37.316),(-122.1374,37.311),(-122.1373,37.307),(-122.1367,37.296)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1379,37.282),(-122.1371,37.279)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1391,37.367),(-122.1388,37.353)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1414,37.383),(-122.1407,37.376),(-122.1403,37.372),(-122.139,37.356)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1487,37.467),(-122.1476,37.454)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1493,37.546),(-122.1508,37.535)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1521,37.682),(-122.151,37.659),(-122.1512,37.655)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1539,37.707),(-122.1535,37.694)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1553,37.706),(-122.1543,37.703)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1567,37.727),(-122.156,37.71)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1716,37.805),(-122.1725,37.816)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1729,37.803),(-122.1716,37.801),(-122.1703,37.799)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1742,37.817),(-122.1752,37.822),(-122.177,37.833)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1764,37.839),(-122.1756,37.838),(-122.1743,37.833)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1773,37.839),(-122.1764,37.839)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1789,37.838),(-122.1773,37.839)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1823,37.838),(-122.182011,37.83754),(-122.180678,37.83541),(-122.1798,37.834),(-122.1798,37.838)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1873,37.838),(-122.1868,37.841),(-122.1866,37.844),(-122.1854,37.841),(-122.1847,37.84)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1895,37.844),(-122.1886,37.845)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1909,37.85),(-122.1892,37.848),(-122.1879,37.844)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1917,37.853),(-122.1927,37.863)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1924,37.854),(-122.189775,37.84425),(-122.1889,37.841)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.1975,37.878),(-122.196458,37.87516),(-122.1964,37.875),(-122.1951,37.871),(-122.1942,37.869)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2017,37.923),(-122.2029,37.928)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2027,37.918),(-122.2037,37.93),(-122.2043,37.938)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2079,37.958),(-122.2099,37.962)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2085,37.962),(-122.209,37.966)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2158,37.985),(-122.2173,37.989),(-122.2178,37.991),(-122.218357,37.99071),(-122.219392,37.99016),(-122.2197,37.99)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2161,37.976),(-122.218,37.982),(-122.218481,37.98426),(-122.2197,37.99)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2271,37.001),(-122.2261,37.003)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2278,37.013),(-122.2261,37.003)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2365,37.07),(-122.2346,37.052),(-122.2338,37.044)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2428,37.096),(-122.2414,37.091),(-122.241182,37.09018),(-122.2406,37.088)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2453,37.095),(-122.2414,37.089)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.249,37.121),(-122.2476,37.12)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2491,37.115),(-122.2489,37.113)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2494,37.125),(-122.2489,37.113)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2501,37.148),(-122.249485,37.14041),(-122.2484,37.127)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2529,37.197),(-122.2525,37.192),(-122.2517,37.174)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2535,37.192),(-122.253,37.182)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2535,37.192),(-122.2539,37.2)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2564,37.213),(-122.2542,37.199),(-122.2538,37.19)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2564,37.213),(-122.2544,37.197),(-122.2538,37.19)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2604,37.222),(-122.2613,37.23)]
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+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.267,37.261),(-122.2671,37.263)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2671,37.245),(-122.2673,37.248)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2671,37.245),(-122.2675,37.243)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2673,37.248),(-122.2676,37.25),(-122.2677,37.252)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2676,37.273),(-122.267231,37.28349),(-122.266927,37.29214)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2676,37.273),(-122.2679,37.264),(-122.2677,37.252)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2677,37.242),(-122.2675,37.243)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2677,37.242),(-122.2681,37.238),(-122.2678,37.233)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2677,37.242),(-122.2681,37.244)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2677,37.242),(-122.2683,37.243)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2677,37.252),(-122.267508,37.25368),(-122.267,37.261)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2683,37.243),(-122.2685,37.243)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.268532,37.2449),(-122.2685,37.243)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2686,37.249),(-122.2682,37.245),(-122.2681,37.244)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2686,37.249),(-122.268532,37.2449)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2686,37.249),(-122.2701,37.255)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2695,37.247),(-122.2686,37.249),(-122.2677,37.252)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2695,37.247),(-122.2692,37.244),(-122.2684,37.234)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2716,37.259),(-122.2734,37.259)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2806,37.275),(-122.2818,37.28),(-122.2822,37.281),(-122.2837,37.276)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2913,37.278),(-122.2917,37.282)]
+I- 580                        Ramp	[(-122.2917,37.282),(-122.2921,37.286)]
+I- 580/I-680                  Ramp	((-121.9207,37.988),(-121.9192,37.016))
+I- 580/I-680                  Ramp	((-121.9218,37.021),(-121.9237,37.017))
+I- 580/I-680                  Ramp	[(-121.9213,37.005),(-121.9203,37.013),(-121.9192,37.016),(-121.918,37.02)]
+I- 580/I-680                  Ramp	[(-121.922017,37.02317),(-121.9212,37.021)]
+I- 580/I-680                  Ramp	[(-121.9225,37.034),(-121.9218,37.031),(-121.9213,37.026),(-121.919443,37.02043),(-121.921326,37.01739)]
+I- 580/I-680                  Ramp	[(-121.9243,37.006),(-121.9238,37.005),(-121.9225,37.008),(-121.92154,37.0104)]
+I- 580/I-680                  Ramp	[(-121.9243,37.006),(-121.924389,37.00779),(-121.9237,37.017),(-121.9231,37.022),(-121.9227,37.029),(-121.9229,37.039)]
+I- 680                            	((-121.8706,37.038),(-121.8709,37.047))
+I- 680                            	((-121.939,37.15),(-121.9387,37.145),(-121.9373,37.125),(-121.934242,37.07643),(-121.933886,37.0709),(-121.9337,37.068),(-121.933122,37.06139),(-121.932736,37.05698),(-121.93222,37.05108),(-121.931844,37.04678),(-121.930113,37.027),(-121.926829,37),(-121.9265,37.998),(-121.9217,37.96),(-121.9203,37.949),(-121.9184,37.934))
+I- 680                            	[(-121.8709,37.047),(-121.8831,37.366),(-121.8833,37.376)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.8852,37.422),(-121.8874,37.444),(-121.8902,37.47),(-121.8905,37.472),(-121.8907,37.474),(-121.8985,37.545),(-121.8994,37.553),(-121.9007,37.565)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.8867,37.732),(-121.8845,37.744),(-121.8818,37.756),(-121.8761,37.781),(-121.8712,37.857)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.902447,37.64695),(-121.903435,37.65882)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.9101,37.715),(-121.909801,37.70519),(-121.909562,37.69734),(-121.909493,37.69507),(-121.9094,37.692),(-121.909295,37.68862),(-121.909145,37.6838),(-121.909103,37.68245),(-121.908715,37.66995),(-121.908524,37.6638),(-121.9082,37.653)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.9101,37.715),(-121.911269,37.74682),(-121.9119,37.764),(-121.9124,37.776),(-121.9174,37.905),(-121.9194,37.957),(-121.9207,37.988)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.9139,37.562),(-121.9077,37.609)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.9139,37.562),(-121.915,37.54),(-121.9156,37.532),(-121.9165,37.519),(-121.9174,37.504),(-121.918,37.493),(-121.92,37.438),(-121.9202,37.435),(-121.9233,37.404),(-121.9238,37.402)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.9184,37.934),(-121.917,37.913),(-121.9122,37.83),(-121.9052,37.702)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.92154,37.0104),(-121.9217,37.014)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.9217,37.014),(-121.9218,37.021)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.9229,37.039),(-121.9243,37.057),(-121.9286,37.106),(-121.929195,37.11329),(-121.929661,37.119),(-121.932027,37.148),(-121.93391,37.17107),(-121.9357,37.193),(-121.936421,37.20193),(-121.9378,37.219)]
+I- 680                            	[(-121.939,37.15),(-121.9418,37.195)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	((-121.9007,37.565),(-121.9008,37.558))
+I- 680                        Ramp	((-121.921,37.965),(-121.9198,37.96),(-121.9208,37.957),(-121.9199,37.951),(-121.9187,37.941))
+I- 680                        Ramp	((-121.9247,37.932),(-121.9211,37.944),(-121.9201,37.944))
+I- 680                        Ramp	((-121.9368,37.149),(-121.937,37.144))
+I- 680                        Ramp	((-121.9372,37.335),(-121.938,37.32))
+I- 680                        Ramp	((-121.9402,37.143),(-121.94,37.139))
+I- 680                        Ramp	((-121.9418,37.314),(-121.9414,37.32))
+I- 680                        Ramp	((-121.9422,37.314),(-121.9423,37.318))
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.8698,37.01),(-121.8706,37.038)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.8701,37.878),(-121.8681,37.881)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.8703,37.891),(-121.8712,37.857),(-121.8678,37.875)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.8709,37.924),(-121.8686,37.925)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.8712,37.01),(-121.8709,37.047)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.8818,37.756),(-121.8842,37.741),(-121.8867,37.732)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.8833,37.376),(-121.8833,37.392),(-121.883,37.4),(-121.8835,37.402),(-121.8852,37.422)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.8839,37.397),(-121.8847,37.394),(-121.884,37.399)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.8985,37.545),(-121.9001,37.565),(-121.8999,37.571),(-121.9008,37.572),(-121.903,37.586)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.8994,37.553),(-121.9008,37.558),(-121.9014,37.565)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9027,37.672),(-121.902847,37.6715),(-121.90161,37.64898)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.905,37.699),(-121.9004,37.677),(-121.90161,37.64898)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9052,37.702),(-121.9047,37.667),(-121.903435,37.65882)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9077,37.609),(-121.9036,37.614)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9077,37.609),(-121.9053,37.625)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9167,37.5),(-121.9174,37.504)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.92,37.438),(-121.9218,37.424),(-121.9238,37.408),(-121.9252,37.392)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.921,37.965),(-121.922,37.966),(-121.9214,37.961)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9226,37.394),(-121.9232,37.392),(-121.9252,37.392)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9238,37.402),(-121.9234,37.395),(-121.923,37.399)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9265,37.998),(-121.9242,37.983),(-121.922383,37.9786),(-121.9198,37.975),(-121.9195,37.954),(-121.9187,37.941),(-121.9184,37.934)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9265,37.998),(-121.9249,37.98),(-121.9227,37.963),(-121.9221,37.959),(-121.9214,37.954),(-121.9206,37.947),(-121.9201,37.944),(-121.9184,37.934)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9373,37.148),(-121.937,37.144),(-121.9373,37.125)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9387,37.145),(-121.9376,37.147)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9394,37.144),(-121.9387,37.145)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9401,37.233),(-121.9378,37.219),(-121.937899,37.22791),(-121.938,37.237)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9406,37.142),(-121.94,37.139),(-121.9373,37.125)]
+I- 680                        Ramp	[(-121.9426,37.315),(-121.9423,37.318),(-121.9414,37.32),(-121.9394,37.324),(-121.938,37.32),(-121.9368,37.313)]
+I- 80                             	((-122.2927,37.299),(-122.2928,37.293),(-122.2932,37.284))
+I- 80                             	((-122.2931,37.301),(-122.2949,37.279))
+I- 80                             	((-122.2937,37.277),(-122.3016,37.262))
+I- 80                             	((-122.2949,37.279),(-122.2962,37.273))
+I- 80                             	((-122.2962,37.273),(-122.3004,37.264))
+I- 80                             	((-122.3004,37.264),(-122.3016,37.262),(-122.3051,37.254),(-122.3083,37.249))
+I- 80                             	((-122.307,37.902),(-122.3074,37.896),(-122.307512,37.89327),(-122.3081,37.879),(-122.3077,37.861))
+I- 80                             	[(-122.2932,37.284),(-122.2934,37.28)]
+I- 80                             	[(-122.2981,37.492),(-122.2978,37.48),(-122.2976,37.473),(-122.2971,37.452),(-122.2962,37.413)]
+I- 80                             	[(-122.3023,37.644),(-122.2988,37.518)]
+I- 80                             	[(-122.3062,37.774),(-122.3038,37.695)]
+I- 80                             	[(-122.3065,37.935),(-122.3065,37.913),(-122.3067,37.905),(-122.307,37.902)]
+I- 80                             	[(-122.3075,37.828),(-122.3076,37.831)]
+I- 80                             	[(-122.3075,37.828),(-122.3077,37.822),(-122.3074,37.817),(-122.3069,37.801),(-122.3068,37.795)]
+I- 80                             	[(-122.308,37.98),(-122.3066,37.943),(-122.3056,37.912),(-122.3057,37.908),(-122.305805,37.90511),(-122.3061,37.897),(-122.3064,37.893),(-122.3073,37.881),(-122.3073,37.877),(-122.3077,37.861),(-122.3076,37.831)]
+I- 80                             	[(-122.3083,37.249),(-122.3281,37.216),(-122.348,37.175)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	((-122.2944,37.491),(-122.2956,37.484),(-122.2965,37.478))
+I- 80                         Ramp	((-122.2983,37.501),(-122.2979,37.499))
+I- 80                         Ramp	((-122.3017,37.67),(-122.3022,37.662))
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2871,37.266),(-122.2901,37.274)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2883,37.247),(-122.2904,37.267),(-122.2909,37.273),(-122.2918,37.275),(-122.2937,37.277)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2885,37.254),(-122.2883,37.247)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2885,37.254),(-122.2893,37.266)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2918,37.279),(-122.2926,37.281)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2923,37.282),(-122.2926,37.283),(-122.2932,37.284)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2934,37.28),(-122.2926,37.281)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2934,37.28),(-122.2962,37.273)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2957,37.396),(-122.2946,37.384),(-122.2948,37.367)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2962,37.413),(-122.2959,37.382),(-122.2951,37.372)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2984,37.506),(-122.2977,37.502),(-122.2979,37.499),(-122.2956,37.489),(-122.2962,37.483),(-122.2965,37.478),(-122.2971,37.452)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.2988,37.518),(-122.299,37.5),(-122.2994,37.488),(-122.2995,37.477),(-122.2971,37.452)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3038,37.695),(-122.3021,37.67),(-122.3022,37.662),(-122.3023,37.644)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3038,37.695),(-122.3036,37.674),(-122.3034,37.667),(-122.3033,37.661),(-122.3023,37.644)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3044,37.25),(-122.3051,37.254)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3044,37.25),(-122.3083,37.249)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3051,37.254),(-122.3083,37.249)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3051,37.91),(-122.3056,37.912)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3051,37.91),(-122.3057,37.908)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.306,37.876),(-122.3066,37.869),(-122.3067,37.843),(-122.3069,37.818)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3068,37.795),(-122.306,37.783),(-122.3062,37.774)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3068,37.795),(-122.3069,37.782),(-122.3062,37.774)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3069,37.925),(-122.3065,37.935)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.307,37.902),(-122.3073,37.881)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3072,37.916),(-122.3074,37.896)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.307624,37.87781),(-122.307512,37.89327)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3078,37.93),(-122.3081,37.879)]
+I- 80                         Ramp	[(-122.3088,37.885),(-122.3076,37.831)]
+I- 880                            	((-121.9669,37.075),(-121.9663,37.071),(-121.9656,37.065),(-121.9618,37.037),(-121.95689,37),(-121.948,37.933))
+I- 880                            	[(-121.9357,37.83),(-121.9356,37.826),(-121.9351,37.819),(-121.9349,37.813),(-121.9337,37.788),(-121.9327,37.767),(-121.9232,37.57),(-121.9229,37.563),(-121.9229,37.561),(-121.922487,37.55412)]
+I- 880                            	[(-121.937,37.852),(-121.9368,37.848)]
+I- 880                            	[(-121.948,37.933),(-121.9471,37.925),(-121.9467,37.923),(-121.946,37.918),(-121.9452,37.912),(-121.937,37.852)]
+I- 880                            	[(-121.9995,37.289),(-121.998758,37.28558),(-121.998013,37.282),(-121.996913,37.27613),(-121.9929,37.255),(-121.9919,37.252),(-121.991111,37.24795),(-121.990277,37.24367),(-121.989597,37.24018),(-121.9882,37.233),(-121.9871,37.229),(-121.9865,37.226),(-121.9848,37.216),(-121.982,37.196),(-121.9805,37.186),(-121.975936,37.14723),(-121.9712,37.107)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.0219,37.466),(-122.0205,37.447),(-122.020331,37.44447),(-122.020008,37.43962),(-122.0195,37.432),(-122.0193,37.429),(-122.0164,37.393),(-122.010219,37.34771),(-122.0041,37.313)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.0375,37.632),(-122.0359,37.619),(-122.0358,37.616),(-122.034514,37.60409),(-122.031876,37.57965),(-122.031193,37.57332),(-122.03016,37.56375),(-122.02943,37.55698),(-122.028689,37.54929),(-122.027833,37.53908),(-122.025979,37.51698),(-122.0238,37.491)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.0469,37.774),(-122.0466,37.765),(-122.0465,37.761),(-122.045041,37.72234),(-122.0445,37.708),(-122.0426,37.686),(-122.041515,37.67425),(-122.0414,37.673),(-122.0398,37.656)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.0612,37.003),(-122.0604,37.991),(-122.0596,37.982),(-122.0585,37.967),(-122.0583,37.961),(-122.0553,37.918),(-122.053635,37.89475),(-122.050759,37.8546),(-122.05,37.844),(-122.0485,37.817),(-122.0483,37.813),(-122.0482,37.811)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.0666,37.085),(-122.0656,37.067),(-122.0653,37.062),(-122.0644,37.049),(-122.0635,37.036),(-122.0618,37.011)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.0831,37.312),(-122.0819,37.296),(-122.081,37.285),(-122.0786,37.248),(-122.078,37.24),(-122.077642,37.23496),(-122.076983,37.22567),(-122.076599,37.22026),(-122.076229,37.21505),(-122.0758,37.209)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.0978,37.528),(-122.096,37.496),(-122.0931,37.453),(-122.09277,37.4496),(-122.090189,37.41442),(-122.0896,37.405),(-122.085,37.34)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.1048,37.638),(-122.1045,37.633),(-122.1042,37.63),(-122.1033,37.617),(-122.1029,37.61)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.1365,37.902),(-122.1358,37.898),(-122.1333,37.881),(-122.1323,37.874),(-122.1311,37.866),(-122.1308,37.865),(-122.1307,37.864),(-122.1289,37.851),(-122.1277,37.843),(-122.1264,37.834),(-122.1231,37.812),(-122.1165,37.766),(-122.1104,37.72),(-122.109695,37.71094),(-122.109,37.702),(-122.108312,37.69168),(-122.1076,37.681)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.1365,37.902),(-122.1376,37.91)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.1755,37.185),(-122.1747,37.178),(-122.1742,37.173),(-122.1692,37.126),(-122.167792,37.11594),(-122.16757,37.11435),(-122.1671,37.111),(-122.1655,37.1),(-122.165169,37.09811),(-122.1641,37.092),(-122.1596,37.061),(-122.158381,37.05275),(-122.155991,37.03657),(-122.1531,37.017),(-122.1478,37.98),(-122.1407,37.932),(-122.1394,37.924),(-122.1389,37.92),(-122.1376,37.91)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.1761,37.191),(-122.1757,37.187)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.1947,37.394),(-122.194,37.385),(-122.1933,37.378),(-122.1882,37.32),(-122.1879,37.317),(-122.1877,37.315),(-122.1876,37.312),(-122.1873,37.309),(-122.1829,37.26),(-122.1818,37.249),(-122.1804,37.234),(-122.1802,37.231),(-122.1776,37.206),(-122.1768,37.197)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.2068,37.534),(-122.2066,37.53),(-122.206,37.522),(-122.2005,37.46),(-122.1967,37.418),(-122.1959,37.407)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.2214,37.711),(-122.2202,37.699),(-122.2199,37.695),(-122.219,37.682),(-122.2184,37.672),(-122.2173,37.652),(-122.2159,37.638),(-122.2144,37.616),(-122.2138,37.612),(-122.2135,37.609),(-122.212,37.592),(-122.2116,37.586),(-122.2111,37.581)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.236,37.783),(-122.2352,37.767),(-122.2348,37.764),(-122.2339,37.758),(-122.2329,37.752),(-122.2323,37.748),(-122.2319,37.746),(-122.2316,37.746),(-122.2312,37.744),(-122.2301,37.743),(-122.2269,37.73),(-122.2267,37.73),(-122.222,37.713)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.2707,37.975),(-122.2693,37.972),(-122.2681,37.966),(-122.267,37.962),(-122.2659,37.957),(-122.2648,37.952),(-122.2636,37.946),(-122.2625,37.935),(-122.2617,37.927),(-122.2607,37.921),(-122.2593,37.916),(-122.258,37.911),(-122.2536,37.898),(-122.2432,37.858),(-122.2408,37.845),(-122.2386,37.827),(-122.2374,37.811)]
+I- 880                            	[(-122.291,37.052),(-122.2898,37.042),(-122.2888,37.038),(-122.2878,37.036),(-122.2863,37.032)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-121.9349,37.813),(-121.935,37.828))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-121.9351,37.819),(-121.935,37.828),(-121.9339,37.847))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-121.936,37.837),(-121.9351,37.835))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-121.9368,37.848),(-121.9362,37.835))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-121.9376,37.834),(-121.937,37.836))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-121.9477,37.91),(-121.9469,37.911),(-121.9463,37.911))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-121.9682,37.065),(-121.9686,37.066))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.0008,37.31),(-122.0002,37.308))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.0013,37.298),(-122.0013,37.287))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.0369,37.645),(-122.0364,37.646))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.0477,37.798),(-122.0466,37.789),(-122.0461,37.785))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.0477,37.798),(-122.0482,37.8))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.0585,37.967),(-122.0577,37.974),(-122.0548,37.966),(-122.055168,37.96828),(-122.0577,37.984))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.0919,37.465),(-122.0931,37.461))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.0932,37.439),(-122.0922,37.437),(-122.0915,37.427))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.1005,37.571),(-122.1003,37.565),(-122.0997,37.548))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.1286,37.836),(-122.1283,37.839))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.1335,37.901),(-122.1358,37.905))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.1378,37.923),(-122.1374,37.925))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.1757,37.187),(-122.1754,37.191))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.1863,37.322),(-122.187,37.322))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.1876,37.312),(-122.1877,37.309))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.2054,37.542),(-122.2057,37.533),(-122.2059,37.526))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.2091,37.532),(-122.2089,37.535),(-122.2072,37.535))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.2187,37.684),(-122.219,37.688),(-122.2194,37.697))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.2301,37.743),(-122.2316,37.751))
+I- 880                        Ramp	((-122.2352,37.767),(-122.2356,37.768),(-122.236,37.768))
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9215,37.556),(-121.92179,37.55745),(-121.9229,37.563)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9232,37.57),(-121.9234,37.559),(-121.9229,37.561)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9335,37.851),(-121.9339,37.847),(-121.9351,37.835),(-121.9357,37.83)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9343,37.85),(-121.937,37.852),(-121.937,37.836),(-121.9362,37.835),(-121.9359,37.826),(-121.9349,37.813)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.946,37.918),(-121.9463,37.911),(-121.9452,37.912)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9612,37.099),(-121.9615,37.09),(-121.9616,37.087)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9618,37.037),(-121.961998,37.05205),(-121.962212,37.06831),(-121.9623,37.075),(-121.9616,37.087)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9656,37.065),(-121.9678,37.061),(-121.9676,37.065)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9688,37.061),(-121.9686,37.066),(-121.9669,37.075)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9712,37.107),(-121.9643,37.087),(-121.9623,37.085)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.986,37.239),(-121.9865,37.236),(-121.9861,37.234)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9865,37.226),(-121.9872,37.22)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9871,37.229),(-121.9863,37.232)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-121.9885,37.211),(-121.9848,37.216)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0019,37.301),(-122.002,37.293)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0041,37.313),(-122.0018,37.315),(-122.0007,37.315),(-122.0005,37.313),(-122.0002,37.308),(-121.9995,37.289)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0041,37.313),(-122.0038,37.308),(-122.0039,37.284),(-122.0013,37.287),(-121.9995,37.289)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0226,37.474),(-122.0214,37.473),(-122.0219,37.466)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0236,37.488),(-122.0231,37.458),(-122.0227,37.458),(-122.0223,37.452),(-122.0205,37.447)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0238,37.491),(-122.0215,37.483),(-122.0211,37.477),(-122.0205,37.447)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0364,37.652),(-122.0364,37.646),(-122.03618,37.63412),(-122.036027,37.62586),(-122.0359,37.619)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0374,37.639),(-122.0375,37.632)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0383,37.64),(-122.0387,37.636),(-122.0387,37.633),(-122.038,37.632)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0392,37.65),(-122.0389,37.625),(-122.0391,37.617),(-122.036099,37.6161),(-122.0358,37.616)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0398,37.656),(-122.0361,37.656)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0482,37.811),(-122.0461,37.785),(-122.0453,37.778),(-122.045,37.775)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0485,37.817),(-122.0484,37.813),(-122.0482,37.8),(-122.0481,37.794),(-122.0478,37.781),(-122.0469,37.774)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.059,37.982),(-122.0577,37.984),(-122.0612,37.003)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0604,37.991),(-122.06,37.983),(-122.0605,37.983)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0618,37.011),(-122.0631,37.982),(-122.0585,37.967)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0635,37.036),(-122.064,37.049),(-122.0648,37.069)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0642,37.073),(-122.0648,37.076),(-122.0666,37.085)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0653,37.062),(-122.0663,37.064)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0758,37.209),(-122.073269,37.18911),(-122.073,37.187),(-122.0723,37.183)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0758,37.209),(-122.075697,37.2063),(-122.075,37.188),(-122.0749,37.184)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0837,37.322),(-122.0822,37.316),(-122.0831,37.312)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0837,37.322),(-122.0843,37.316)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.085,37.34),(-122.0801,37.316),(-122.081,37.285)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.085,37.34),(-122.0866,37.316),(-122.0819,37.296)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0918,37.466),(-122.0896,37.405)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.092,37.461),(-122.0923,37.457)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0931,37.453),(-122.0937,37.469),(-122.0931,37.461),(-122.0923,37.457)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.096,37.496),(-122.0941,37.464),(-122.0943,37.421),(-122.0915,37.427),(-122.0896,37.405)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0985,37.574),(-122.0986,37.567),(-122.0978,37.528)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.0993,37.571),(-122.0999,37.569)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1005,37.571),(-122.1009,37.568)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1022,37.597),(-122.102055,37.59178),(-122.1019,37.562)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1029,37.61),(-122.1013,37.587),(-122.0999,37.569)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1032,37.557),(-122.0997,37.548),(-122.0978,37.528)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1076,37.681),(-122.106243,37.66549),(-122.1062,37.665),(-122.106043,37.66186),(-122.105869,37.65838),(-122.1048,37.638)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1076,37.681),(-122.107021,37.6646),(-122.107,37.664),(-122.106808,37.66184),(-122.1048,37.638)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1287,37.842),(-122.1283,37.839),(-122.1264,37.834)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1289,37.861),(-122.1284,37.855),(-122.1277,37.843)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1296,37.865),(-122.1299,37.866),(-122.1323,37.874)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1318,37.865),(-122.1319,37.866),(-122.1333,37.881)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1376,37.91),(-122.1379,37.909),(-122.1376,37.907),(-122.1365,37.902)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1379,37.891),(-122.1383,37.897),(-122.1377,37.902)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1379,37.931),(-122.137597,37.92736),(-122.1374,37.925),(-122.1373,37.924),(-122.1369,37.914),(-122.1358,37.905),(-122.1365,37.908),(-122.1358,37.898)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1407,37.932),(-122.1397,37.923),(-122.1389,37.917),(-122.1383,37.913)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.164,37.106),(-122.1653,37.113),(-122.1651,37.101)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.164188,37.10514),(-122.1641,37.092)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1646,37.113),(-122.163,37.111)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1646,37.113),(-122.165458,37.11379),(-122.167792,37.11594)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.165757,37.09059),(-122.165169,37.09811)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.165757,37.09059),(-122.16635,37.09559)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1675,37.09),(-122.1666,37.089),(-122.165804,37.08972),(-122.1655,37.09),(-122.1641,37.092)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1675,37.09),(-122.16757,37.11435)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.173,37.194),(-122.1742,37.173)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1763,37.184),(-122.1761,37.191)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1763,37.193),(-122.1754,37.191),(-122.1745,37.194),(-122.1743,37.192),(-122.1737,37.196),(-122.1725,37.198)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1768,37.197),(-122.1774,37.182),(-122.1769,37.18),(-122.1758,37.181),(-122.1747,37.178)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1868,37.32),(-122.187,37.322),(-122.1873,37.321),(-122.1877,37.319),(-122.1879,37.317)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1893,37.303),(-122.1888,37.305),(-122.1885,37.307),(-122.1877,37.309),(-122.1873,37.309)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1946,37.405),(-122.1942,37.411),(-122.1951,37.411)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1946,37.405),(-122.1947,37.394)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1952,37.418),(-122.1967,37.418)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1954,37.372),(-122.1957,37.378)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.1959,37.407),(-122.1958,37.396),(-122.1953,37.396),(-122.1947,37.394)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2065,37.54),(-122.2066,37.535),(-122.2063,37.531),(-122.2059,37.526),(-122.206,37.522)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2092,37.535),(-122.2074,37.536),(-122.2072,37.535),(-122.2066,37.53)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2096,37.565),(-122.2079,37.549),(-122.2061,37.541)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2111,37.581),(-122.2108,37.535)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2176,37.65),(-122.2173,37.652)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2177,37.668),(-122.2168,37.653),(-122.2159,37.638)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.218,37.659),(-122.2173,37.652)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2199,37.695),(-122.2194,37.697),(-122.2197,37.7),(-122.2202,37.699)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.222,37.713),(-122.2212,37.705),(-122.2207,37.697),(-122.2208,37.694),(-122.2192,37.68),(-122.2184,37.672)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2301,37.743),(-122.2294,37.735)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2316,37.746),(-122.2316,37.751),(-122.2321,37.752),(-122.2329,37.752)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2325,37.743),(-122.2319,37.746)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2361,37.785),(-122.2356,37.781)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.237,37.799),(-122.236,37.777),(-122.236,37.768),(-122.2357,37.764),(-122.235,37.754)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2372,37.802),(-122.23638,37.7996),(-122.2361,37.801),(-122.2357,37.801)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2374,37.811),(-122.2374,37.796)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2536,37.898),(-122.254,37.902)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2577,37.914),(-122.258,37.911)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2636,37.946),(-122.2646,37.954)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2636,37.946),(-122.2649,37.95),(-122.2662,37.954)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.268,37.969),(-122.2693,37.972)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2685,37.962),(-122.2695,37.969),(-122.2707,37.975)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2729,37.986),(-122.2744,37.986)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.274,37.993),(-122.2729,37.986)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2771,37.002),(-122.278,37)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2775,37.007),(-122.2769,37.001)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2849,37.028),(-122.2845,37.026),(-122.2837,37.021)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2863,37.032),(-122.285451,37.03094),(-122.284429,37.02966),(-122.2831,37.028),(-122.2823,37.031)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.291454,37.064),(-122.291088,37.06103),(-122.2903,37.05),(-122.2897,37.044),(-122.2888,37.038)]
+I- 880                        Ramp	[(-122.2916,37.052),(-122.2898,37.04),(-122.2888,37.038)]
+I- 980                            	((-122.268,37.227),(-122.2678,37.233),(-122.2675,37.243))
+I- 980                            	((-122.2688,37.2),(-122.2684,37.215),(-122.268,37.227))
+I- 980                            	[(-122.2675,37.243),(-122.2674,37.246)]
+I- 980                            	[(-122.2681,37.248),(-122.2677,37.252)]
+I- 980                            	[(-122.268237,37.24426),(-122.2682,37.245)]
+I- 980                            	[(-122.2684,37.236),(-122.2683,37.243),(-122.268237,37.24426)]
+I- 980                            	[(-122.2684,37.236),(-122.2684,37.234),(-122.268817,37.22458),(-122.269027,37.21557),(-122.2691,37.213),(-122.2694,37.199),(-122.2693,37.194)]
+I- 980                            	[(-122.2688,37.2),(-122.2688,37.197),(-122.2689,37.191)]
+I- 980                            	[(-122.2699,37.159),(-122.2697,37.165),(-122.2695,37.17),(-122.2693,37.18),(-122.2689,37.191)]
+I- 980                            	[(-122.2701,37.163),(-122.2699,37.172),(-122.2693,37.192),(-122.2693,37.194)]
+I- 980                            	[(-122.2783,37.006),(-122.2787,37.014),(-122.2791,37.024),(-122.279124,37.0254),(-122.2782,37.053),(-122.2778,37.061),(-122.2773,37.068)]
+I- 980                            	[(-122.2789,37.009),(-122.2795,37.022),(-122.279648,37.02711),(-122.2787,37.055),(-122.2782,37.062),(-122.2775,37.075),(-122.2773,37.078),(-122.2763,37.094),(-122.2758,37.1),(-122.274904,37.11235),(-122.274857,37.1131),(-122.2748,37.114)]
+I- 980                        Ramp	[(-122.2688,37.197),(-122.2691,37.191),(-122.2693,37.18)]
+I- 980                        Ramp	[(-122.2688,37.206),(-122.2688,37.203),(-122.2684,37.215)]
+I- 980                        Ramp	[(-122.2691,37.213),(-122.269438,37.20709),(-122.2699,37.199),(-122.27,37.194),(-122.270194,37.18382),(-122.270352,37.17552),(-122.2704,37.173)]
+I- 980                        Ramp	[(-122.2693,37.194),(-122.2691,37.198)]
+I- 980                        Ramp	[(-122.2699,37.159),(-122.2701,37.163)]
+I- 980                        Ramp	[(-122.2739,37.117),(-122.2745,37.119),(-122.2733,37.129)]
+I- 980                        Ramp	[(-122.2773,37.068),(-122.2772,37.061)]
+I- 980                        Ramp	[(-122.2773,37.078),(-122.2766,37.095)]
+Idaho                         St  	[(-122.28,37.437),(-122.2801,37.446)]
+Iglesia                       Dr  	[(-121.946443,37.09438),(-121.946833,37.09285)]
+Independence                  Ave 	[(-121.865283,37.46138),(-121.8634,37.446)]
+Independence                  Dr  	[(-121.8683,37.521),(-121.868866,37.50763)]
+Independence                  Road	[(-121.9474,37.172),(-121.9508,37.163)]
+Indian                        Road	[(-122.2209,37.153),(-122.2216,37.142)]
+Indian                        Way 	[(-122.2066,37.398),(-122.2045,37.411)]
+Indian Creek                      	[(-121.7642,37.246),(-121.7655,37.244)]
+Indian Creek                  Road	[(-121.7751,37.798),(-121.7646,37.799)]
+Indian Creek                  Road	[(-121.7889,37.843),(-121.8,37.791)]
+Indian Creek                  Road	[(-121.863754,37.77499),(-121.8644,37.782)]
+Indian Joe Creek                  	[(-121.8273,37.142),(-121.806,37.295)]
+Indian Rock                   Path	[(-122.2717,37.919),(-122.2727,37.922)]
+Industrial                    Blvd	[(-122.1091,37.328),(-122.1085,37.326)]
+Industrial                    Pkwy	[(-122.055708,37.21892),(-122.0559,37.217)]
+Industrial                    Pkwy	[(-122.0723,37.183),(-122.0731,37.184)]
+Industrial                    St  	[(-122.1834,37.424),(-122.1833,37.425)]
+Inglewood                     Dr  	[(-121.9086,37.877),(-121.9088,37.877)]
+Inglewood                     Dr  	[(-121.909484,37.87762),(-121.9099,37.878)]
+Inglewood                     St  	[(-122.0802,37.397),(-122.0823,37.397)]
+Inglewood Common                  	[(-121.955843,37.36729),(-121.955147,37.36923)]
+Innsbruck                     St  	[(-121.7706,37.68),(-121.7708,37.668)]
+Inverness                     St  	[(-122.1521,37.882),(-122.1523,37.877)]
+Inverness                     Way 	[(-121.752134,37.92412),(-121.751744,37.92413)]
+Iroquois                      Ave 	[(-121.7876,37.891),(-121.7876,37.899)]
+Irvington                     Ave 	[(-121.9624,37.308),(-121.9661,37.307)]
+Isabel                        Ave 	[(-121.8047,37.63301),(-121.8047,37.63248)]
+Isherwood                     Way 	[(-122.0138,37.733),(-122.0156,37.702)]
+Island                        Dr  	[(-122.2329,37.463),(-122.2336,37.455)]
+Island                        Dr  	[(-122.2399,37.334),(-122.2394,37.34),(-122.2383,37.352)]
+Island                        Dr  	[(-122.2411,37.318),(-122.2406,37.325)]
+Island Pine                   Ct  	[(-122.069,37.31),(-122.0697,37.31)]
+Isle Royal                    St  	[(-121.9695,37.178),(-121.9686,37.15),(-121.9683,37.149)]
+Isola                         Ct  	[(-122.0551,37.815),(-122.0555,37.811)]
+Ithaca                        St  	[(-122.0318,37.09),(-122.0317,37.087)]
+Ivy                           Dr  	[(-122.2434,37.01),(-122.2413,37.015)]
+J                             St  	[(-121.9762,37.754),(-121.9767,37.743)]
+Jacaranda                     Ct  	[(-121.9431,37.49),(-121.9426,37.486)]
+Jacaranda                     Dr  	[(-122.0147,37.288),(-122.013,37.287)]
+Jackson                       Ave 	[(-121.7416,37.868),(-121.7416,37.862)]
+Jackson                       Ct  	[(-121.9377,37.336),(-121.9383,37.337)]
+Jackson                       St  	[(-122.0809,37.669),(-122.0804,37.677)]
+Jackson                       St  	[(-122.0838,37.614),(-122.0832,37.624)]
+Jackson                       St  	[(-122.0845,37.6),(-122.0842,37.606)]
+Jackson                       St  	[(-122.0981,37.368),(-122.0988,37.365)]
+Jackson                       St  	[(-122.2646,37.025),(-122.2641,37.034)]
+Jackson                       St  	[(-122.2668,37.991),(-122.2664,37.997)]
+Jackson                       St  	[(-122.2689,37.955),(-122.2685,37.962)]
+Jade                          Cir 	[(-121.919585,37.25699),(-121.918784,37.24417)]
+Jamaica                       Way 	[(-122.1785,37.971),(-122.1792,37.969)]
+James                         Ave 	[(-122.0634,37.055),(-122.0598,37.052)]
+Jamestown                     Road	[(-121.947,37.165),(-121.9476,37.163)]
+Jamison                       Way 	[(-122.075555,37.98023),(-122.073719,37.98074)]
+Jaques                        Ct  	[(-122.052072,37.68998),(-122.050458,37.69474)]
+Jaquiline                     St  	[(-121.725054,37.80597),(-121.723604,37.80449)]
+Jarvis                        Ave 	[(-122.053935,37.43593),(-122.054359,37.43078)]
+Jarvis                        Ave 	[(-122.055,37.423),(-122.0552,37.42)]
+Jason                         Way 	[(-122.0044,37.584),(-122.0033,37.577)]
+Jayar                         Pl  	[(-122.0345,37.206),(-122.0337,37.209)]
+Jayne                         Ave 	[(-122.2566,37.13),(-122.2549,37.142)]
+Jaynes                        St  	[(-122.2789,37.779),(-122.2781,37.781)]
+Jean                          Ct  	[(-122.0755,37.809),(-122.0766,37.798)]
+Jean                          Dr  	[(-122.0739,37.78),(-122.0734,37.774)]
+Jean                          Dr  	[(-122.0766,37.798),(-122.0759,37.794)]
+Jean                          St  	[(-122.2477,37.18),(-122.2468,37.187),(-122.2459,37.196)]
+Jeffer                        St  	[(-122.0746,37.856),(-122.0739,37.86)]
+Jefferson                     Ave 	[(-122.2775,37.663),(-122.2774,37.645),(-122.2771,37.627)]
+Jefferson                     St  	[(-122.2749,37.049),(-122.2745,37.055)]
+Jensen                        Road	[(-122.03781,37.03891),(-122.0377,37.04)]
+Jensen                        St  	[(-121.754,37.805),(-121.754,37.8)]
+Jerome                        Ave 	[(-121.9239,37.294),(-121.9239,37.287)]
+Jerome                        Ave 	[(-121.9247,37.314),(-121.9244,37.309)]
+Jerrold                       Road	[(-121.6907,37.681),(-121.6908,37.653)]
+Jessica                       Cir 	[(-122.0472,37.76),(-122.0488,37.748)]
+Jewell                        Ct  	[(-122.2048,37.467),(-122.2043,37.452)]
+Joaquin Miller                Road	[(-122.1797,37.083),(-122.1778,37.051)]
+Joaquin Miller                Road	[(-122.1914,37.128),(-122.1862,37.119),(-122.1842,37.106)]
+Joaquin Murieta               Ave 	[(-121.9958,37.208),(-121.9962,37.201)]
+John                          Dr  	[(-122.0939,37.925),(-122.0934,37.919)]
+Johnson                       Dr  	[(-121.9145,37.901),(-121.915,37.877)]
+Johnson Industrial            Dr  	[(-121.9096,37.014),(-121.9172,37.016)]
+Jones                         St  	[(-122.2982,37.755),(-122.2971,37.757)]
+Jones                         St  	[(-122.301984,37.74755),(-122.3015,37.749)]
+Joseph                        Dr  	[(-122.0742,37.12),(-122.0732,37.109)]
+Joshua                        St  	[(-122.0686,37.455),(-122.0686,37.449)]
+Jovan                         Ter 	[(-122.046671,37.62206),(-122.046466,37.6181)]
+Joyce                         St  	[(-122.0792,37.604),(-122.0774,37.581)]
+Juana                         Ave 	[(-122.1417,37.262),(-122.1396,37.267)]
+Juana                         Ave 	[(-122.1481,37.243),(-122.1459,37.249)]
+June                          Ct  	[(-122.1041,37.76),(-122.1045,37.769)]
+June                          Ct  	[(-122.1786,37.316),(-122.178,37.314)]
+Juneau                        St  	[(-122.1814,37.068),(-122.1801,37.049)]
+Juniper                       Ave 	[(-122.0464,37.255),(-122.0476,37.251)]
+Juniper                       St  	[(-121.7823,37.897),(-121.7815,37.9)]
+Juniper                       St  	[(-122.1592,37.961),(-122.1591,37.955)]
+Junipero Com                      	[(-121.9919,37.796),(-121.992,37.791)]
+Jupiter                       Ct  	[(-122.064459,37.84741),(-122.064255,37.84626)]
+Kains                         Ave 	[(-122.2923,37.758),(-122.2922,37.754)]
+Kains                         Ave 	[(-122.2949,37.828),(-122.2948,37.825)]
+Kains                         Ave 	[(-122.2992,37.983),(-122.2989,37.97),(-122.2984,37.953)]
+Kaiser                        Dr  	[(-122.067163,37.47821),(-122.060402,37.51961)]
+Kaiser Creek                  Road	[(-122.0928,37.885),(-122.0918,37.802)]
+Kamp                          Dr  	[(-121.867789,37.82326),(-121.867753,37.8292)]
+Kansas                        Way 	[(-121.9115,37.71),(-121.912,37.706)]
+Kathy                         Way 	[(-121.7292,37.825),(-121.729061,37.82514)]
+Kato                          Road	[(-121.9185,37.626),(-121.9181,37.627)]
+Kay                           Ave 	[(-122.0968,37.433),(-122.0968,37.427)]
+Kay                           Ave 	[(-122.0969,37.398),(-122.0971,37.389)]
+Kay                           Ave 	[(-122.097,37.461),(-122.0969,37.457)]
+Kay                           Ct  	[(-121.953,37.277),(-121.9535,37.277)]
+Kearney                       Ave 	[(-122.1981,37.124),(-122.1963,37.135)]
+Keeler                        Ave 	[(-122.2552,37.892),(-122.2549,37.882)]
+Keeler                        Ave 	[(-122.2578,37.906),(-122.2579,37.899)]
+Keith                         Ave 	[(-122.2603,37.894),(-122.26,37.893)]
+Keller                        Ave 	[(-122.1353,37.702),(-122.1345,37.705)]
+Keller                        Ave 	[(-122.154,37.723),(-122.1531,37.722)]
+Kelly                         St  	[(-122.0519,37.852),(-122.0503,37.856)]
+Kelly                         St  	[(-122.0583,37.842),(-122.058,37.842)]
+Kelso                         Road	[(-121.584782,37.94979),(-121.585132,37.94971)]
+Kenilworth                    Ave 	[(-122.1501,37.376),(-122.1498,37.371)]
+Kenilworth                    Ave 	[(-122.151,37.393),(-122.1505,37.383)]
+Kenita                        Way 	[(-122.0508,37.944),(-122.0503,37.944)]
+Kenmore                       Ave 	[(-122.2378,37.173),(-122.2386,37.162)]
+Kenmore                       Ct  	[(-122.0713,37.965),(-122.0706,37.967)]
+Kennedy                       Ave 	[(-122.0201,37.832),(-122.0203,37.824)]
+Kennet                        St  	[(-122.0309,37.129),(-122.031,37.115)]
+Kent                          Ave 	[(-122.113,37.891),(-122.1131,37.887)]
+Kent                          Ave 	[(-122.113,37.937),(-122.113,37.929)]
+Kentucky                      Ave 	[(-122.2719,37.026),(-122.2706,37.013)]
+Kentwood                      Way 	[(-121.9235,37.841),(-121.926,37.838)]
+Kenwood                       Dr  	[(-122.054303,37.63614),(-122.054133,37.62981)]
+Keoncrest                     Dr  	[(-122.2842,37.77),(-122.2835,37.771)]
+Kerlin                        St  	[(-121.9986,37.469),(-121.9979,37.465)]
+Kerwin                        Ave 	[(-122.181,37.296),(-122.1807,37.295)]
+Key                           Ct  	[(-122.1246,37.545),(-122.1244,37.553)]
+Key Route                     Blvd	[(-122.2921,37.91),(-122.292,37.908)]
+Keys                          Pl  	[(-122.0871,37.253),(-122.0875,37.252)]
+Kildare                       Road	[(-122.0968,37.016),(-122.0959,37)]
+Kilkenny                      Pl  	[(-122.251002,37.40535),(-122.2508,37.403)]
+Kimberly Commons                  	[(-121.737774,37.88769),(-121.737673,37.89024)]
+King                          St  	[(-122.2733,37.504),(-122.2732,37.496)]
+King                          St  	[(-122.2738,37.558),(-122.2737,37.55)]
+King                          Way 	[(-121.9176,37.133),(-121.9185,37.13)]
+Kings                         Ct  	[(-122.0695,37.764),(-122.0689,37.756)]
+Kingsland                     Ave 	[(-122.1957,37.743),(-122.1956,37.753)]
+Kingsley                      St  	[(-122.2311,37.042),(-122.2306,37.046)]
+Kirkcaldy                     St  	[(-121.859937,37.97443),(-121.8601,37.97441)]
+Kirkham                       St  	[(-122.289,37.122),(-122.2887,37.129)]
+Kit                           Lane	[(-122.0237,37.124),(-122.0236,37.132)]
+Kitty Hawk                    Road	[(-121.8048,37.797),(-121.8049,37.867)]
+Klamath                       St  	[(-121.9142,37.982),(-121.9145,37.978)]
+Klamath                       St  	[(-122.1832,37.035),(-122.1815,37.023)]
+Knapp                         St  	[(-122.0594,37.062),(-122.0593,37.049)]
+Knight                        Dr  	[(-122.089468,37.17681),(-122.089434,37.17337)]
+Knight                        St  	[(-122.18,37.291),(-122.1794,37.288)]
+Knoll                         Way 	[(-122.0864,37.848),(-122.0839,37.836)]
+Knowland                      Ave 	[(-122.1957,37.816),(-122.1948,37.823)]
+Kofman                        Ct  	[(-122.2498,37.422),(-122.2497,37.417)]
+Koford                        Road	[(-122.1903,37.296),(-122.1884,37.286)]
+Kolln                         St  	[(-121.87,37.792),(-121.8705,37.796)]
+Koopmann Creek                    	[(-121.9442,37.181),(-121.943465,37.17671)]
+Korbel                        St  	[(-122.0648,37.742),(-122.0655,37.723)]
+Kottinger                     Dr  	[(-121.8596,37.58),(-121.859,37.57)]
+Kramer                        St  	[(-122.1406,37.834),(-122.1416,37.826)]
+Kramer                        St  	[(-122.143,37.819),(-122.1435,37.812)]
+Krause                        St  	[(-121.8731,37.863),(-121.8719,37.865)]
+L                             St  	[(-121.7684,37.772),(-121.768,37.762)]
+L                             St  	[(-121.7694,37.795),(-121.7692,37.788)]
+La Cresta                         	[(-122.2433,37.353),(-122.2425,37.349)]
+La Cresta                     Ave 	[(-122.2175,37.06),(-122.217,37.073)]
+La Loma                       Ave 	[(-122.2554,37.844),(-122.2559,37.841)]
+La Playa                      Dr  	[(-122.1039,37.545),(-122.101,37.493)]
+La Salle                      Ave 	[(-122.2191,37.176),(-122.2206,37.158)]
+La Salle                      Ave 	[(-122.2242,37.153),(-122.2255,37.155)]
+La Vereda                     Road	[(-122.2562,37.801),(-122.2558,37.792)]
+Ladera                        Ct  	[(-121.9444,37.068),(-121.9429,37.07)]
+Lafayette                     Ave 	[(-122.0309,37.474),(-122.0328,37.458)]
+Lafayette                     Ave 	[(-122.0336,37.451),(-122.0352,37.438)]
+Lafayette                     Ave 	[(-122.0395,37.411),(-122.0418,37.398)]
+Lafayette                     Ave 	[(-122.1602,37.293),(-122.1597,37.287)]
+Lafayette                     St  	[(-122.2559,37.646),(-122.2553,37.654)]
+Laguna                        Ave 	[(-122.2062,37.027),(-122.2058,37.03)]
+Laguna                        Ave 	[(-122.2099,37.989),(-122.2089,37)]
+Laguna                        Dr  	[(-122.1128,37.418),(-122.1132,37.418)]
+Laiolo                        Road	[(-121.9715,37.322),(-121.9707,37.318)]
+Lake                          Blvd	[(-122.0381,37.533),(-122.0371,37.53)]
+Lake                          Blvd	[(-122.0393,37.539),(-122.0387,37.537)]
+Lake Chabot                       	[(-122.0753,37.378),(-122.0762,37.367)]
+Lake Chabot                   Road	[(-122.0988,37.133),(-122.0977,37.13)]
+Lake Chabot                   Road	[(-122.1061,37.171),(-122.1047,37.155)]
+Lake Chabot                   Road	[(-122.1323,37.308),(-122.132,37.307)]
+Lake Mead                     Dr  	[(-122.0533,37.873),(-122.0523,37.858),(-122.0524,37.853)]
+Lake Ontario                  Dr  	[(-122.0554,37.863),(-122.0557,37.859)]
+Lake Ontario                  Dr  	[(-122.0562,37.852),(-122.0567,37.847)]
+Lake Pillsbury                Dr  	[(-122.0561,37.906),(-122.0573,37.901)]
+Lakecrest                     Ct  	[(-122.0947,37.107),(-122.0939,37.103)]
+Lakehurst                     Cir 	[(-122.284729,37.89025),(-122.286096,37.90364)]
+Lakeridge                     Ave 	[(-122.048299,37.84349),(-122.048127,37.83401)]
+Lakeshore                     Ave 	[(-122.2586,37.99),(-122.2556,37.006)]
+Lakeview                      Ave 	[(-122.2225,37.219),(-122.2237,37.221)]
+Lakeview                      Blvd	[(-121.9313,37.702),(-121.936,37.784)]
+Lakewood                      Ct  	[(-122.0261,37.472),(-122.0263,37.469)]
+Lakewood                      Dr  	[(-122.0288,37.48),(-122.0269,37.477)]
+Lakewood                      St  	[(-121.9189,37.763),(-121.9191,37.772)]
+Lakewood                      Way 	[(-122.0795,37.389),(-122.0793,37.366)]
+Lambaren                      Ave 	[(-121.7825,37.822),(-121.7816,37.821)]
+Lambeth                       Road	[(-121.7686,37.942),(-121.7684,37.947)]
+Lanai                         Ct  	[(-122.0768,37.269),(-122.0768,37.26)]
+Landing                       Road	[(-121.947,37.809),(-121.9444,37.82)]
+Landon                        Ave 	[(-121.9785,37.258),(-121.978,37.255)]
+Langmuir                      Lane	[(-121.9199,37.19),(-121.9215,37.197)]
+Lansdown                      Ct  	[(-121.8659,37.949),(-121.8661,37.96)]
+Larchmont Isle                    	[(-122.2667,37.654),(-122.2671,37.647)]
+Lark                          Way 	[(-122.0563,37.8),(-122.0553,37.797)]
+Larkspur                      Dr  	[(-121.7431,37.084),(-121.7435,37.09)]
+Larkspur                      St  	[(-122.0118,37.231),(-122.011,37.227)]
+Larmer                        Ct  	[(-122.2371,37.215),(-122.2365,37.212)]
+Las Palmas                    Ave 	[(-121.9521,37.547),(-121.9513,37.539)]
+Las Palmas                    Ct  	[(-121.944,37.502),(-121.9443,37.513)]
+Las Palmas                    Ct  	[(-121.950103,37.00582),(-121.949498,37.00835)]
+Las Positas                   Blvd	[(-121.7988,37.889),(-121.7984,37.889)]
+Las Positas                   Blvd	[(-121.8642,37.957),(-121.8645,37.955)]
+Las Positas                   Blvd	[(-121.907779,37.79734),(-121.908481,37.79416)]
+Las Positas                   Blvd	[(-121.9094,37.79),(-121.9099,37.787)]
+Las Positas                   Blvd	[(-121.915,37.769),(-121.9187,37.759)]
+Las Positas                   Road	[(-121.7548,37.025),(-121.75,37.01778)]
+Las Positas                   Road	[(-121.764488,37.99199),(-121.75569,37.02022)]
+Las Positas                   Road	[(-121.7726,37.976),(-121.76841,37.98426)]
+Lassen                        Road	[(-121.7428,37.05),(-121.742211,37.05687)]
+Latham                        Lane	[(-122.2572,37.943),(-122.2565,37.947)]
+Latham                        Walk	[(-122.2575,37.941),(-122.2572,37.943)]
+Lauderdale                    Ave 	[(-122.0983,37.344),(-122.0977,37.334)]
+Laurel                        St  	[(-122.0483,37.265),(-122.0476,37.251)]
+Laurette                      Pl  	[(-122.0651,37.476),(-122.0646,37.479)]
+Lauriston                     Ct  	[(-122.2032,37.45),(-122.2034,37.46)]
+Laverne                       Ave 	[(-122.1938,37.731),(-122.1928,37.721)]
+Laverne                       Dr  	[(-122.1533,37.821),(-122.1532,37.814)]
+Laverne                       Dr  	[(-122.1564,37.852),(-122.1549,37.847)]
+Lawlor                        St  	[(-122.1573,37.533),(-122.1567,37.517)]
+Lawrence                      Dr  	[(-122.0779,37.133),(-122.0756,37.141)]
+Lawton                        Ave 	[(-122.2563,37.36),(-122.256,37.366)]
+Lee                           Ave 	[(-121.7614,37.878),(-121.7615,37.898)]
+Lee                           Ave 	[(-122.1507,37.298),(-122.1506,37.291)]
+Lee                           St  	[(-122.2561,37.115),(-122.2569,37.097)]
+Leigh                         St  	[(-121.9154,37.776),(-121.9153,37.774)]
+Leighton                      St  	[(-122.0805,37.628),(-122.0797,37.632)]
+Leimert                       Blvd	[(-122.2059,37.169),(-122.2048,37.169)]
+Leland                        Way 	[(-121.7867,37.655),(-121.7859,37.656)]
+Lemke                         Pl  	[(-121.9882,37.261),(-121.98835,37.2595)]
+Leon                          Ct  	[(-122.0249,37.525),(-122.0255,37.521)]
+Leona                         St  	[(-122.1751,37.84),(-122.1739,37.836)]
+Leonard                       Dr  	[(-122.1731,37.185),(-122.1731,37.172),(-122.1725,37.165)]
+Leonardo                      Way 	[(-122.1073,37.577),(-122.108,37.575)]
+Leroy                         Ave 	[(-122.2598,37.819),(-122.259792,37.8182)]
+Leslie                        St  	[(-121.9639,37.412),(-121.9634,37.405)]
+Leslie                        St  	[(-121.9729,37.438),(-121.971866,37.43847)]
+Lessley                       Ave 	[(-122.0727,37.866),(-122.0718,37.867)]
+Levine                        Ct  	[(-122.0836,37.75),(-122.0831,37.753)]
+Lewelling                     Blvd	[(-122.1118,37.868),(-122.1112,37.869)]
+Lewelling                     Blvd	[(-122.1219,37.865),(-122.1178,37.866)]
+Lewelling                     Blvd	[(-122.1555,37.793),(-122.1572,37.787)]
+Lewis                         Ave 	[(-122.143,37.359),(-122.1433,37.339)]
+Liberty                       St  	[(-121.9795,37.499),(-121.9785,37.495)]
+Liberty                       St  	[(-122.1019,37.934),(-122.1009,37.924)]
+Libra                         Ct  	[(-121.7389,37.179),(-121.7391,37.187)]
+Lilac                         Loop	[(-122.0182,37.805),(-122.0184,37.798)]
+Lilac                         St  	[(-122.2014,37.799),(-122.2008,37.804)]
+Lillian                       Ave 	[(-122.1358,37.044),(-122.1337,37.063)]
+Lillian                       St  	[(-121.7308,37.829),(-121.7307,37.824)]
+Lilly                         St  	[(-122.078139,37.64103),(-122.0775,37.643)]
+Lincoln                       Ave 	[(-121.7449,37.849),(-121.745,37.832)]
+Lincoln                       Ave 	[(-122.1321,37.499),(-122.1349,37.499)]
+Lincoln                       Ave 	[(-122.2064,37.063),(-122.2059,37.065)]
+Lincoln                       Ave 	[(-122.2093,37.034),(-122.2087,37.041)]
+Lincoln                       Ave 	[(-122.251,37.712),(-122.25,37.707)]
+Lincoln                       Ave 	[(-122.2549,37.729),(-122.2541,37.726)]
+Lincoln                       Ave 	[(-122.2628,37.751),(-122.2615,37.751)]
+Lincoln                       Ave 	[(-122.2674,37.752),(-122.2667,37.753)]
+Lincoln                       Ave 	[(-122.2721,37.754),(-122.2699,37.753)]
+Lincoln                       Ave 	[(-122.2786,37.756),(-122.276,37.755)]
+Lincoln                       Way 	[(-122.1987,37.117),(-122.198,37.101)]
+Linda                         Way 	[(-121.8657,37.573),(-121.866,37.566)]
+Lindbergh                     Ave 	[(-121.8089,37.973),(-121.8072,37.973)]
+Lindbergh                     Ave 	[(-121.8151,37.972),(-121.8118,37.971),(-121.8098,37.973)]
+Lindemann                     Road	[(-121.558002,37.00213),(-121.558002,37.00663)]
+Linden                        St  	[(-121.7733,37.876),(-121.772,37.879)]
+Linden                        St  	[(-121.7782,37.861),(-121.777,37.865),(-121.7757,37.868)]
+Linden                        St  	[(-122.0692,37.83),(-122.0678,37.833)]
+Linden                        St  	[(-122.2751,37.344),(-122.275,37.35)]
+Linden                        St  	[(-122.2832,37.096),(-122.2827,37.112)]
+Linden                        St  	[(-122.2842,37.067),(-122.2837,37.082)]
+Linden                        St  	[(-122.2854,37.035),(-122.2853,37.038)]
+Linden                        St  	[(-122.2867,37.998),(-122.2864,37.008)]
+Linmore                       Dr  	[(-121.9202,37.39),(-121.9191,37.388)]
+Lisbon                        Ave 	[(-121.7818,37.71),(-121.7808,37.71)]
+Little Foot                   Dr  	[(-121.9223,37.064),(-121.9228,37.064)]
+Livermore                     Ave 	[(-121.7509,37.715),(-121.750474,37.71229)]
+Livermore                     Ave 	[(-121.7553,37.744),(-121.7539,37.737)]
+Livermore                     Ave 	[(-121.7589,37.765),(-121.7584,37.763)]
+Livermore                     Ave 	[(-121.7662,37.811),(-121.7656,37.808)]
+Livermore                     Ave 	[(-121.7687,37.448),(-121.769,37.375)]
+Livermore                     Ave 	[(-121.7699,37.863),(-121.7703,37.874)]
+Livermore                     Ave 	[(-121.772719,37.99085),(-121.7728,37.001)]
+Livermore Commons                 	[(-121.926632,37.3099),(-121.926508,37.30113)]
+Locksley                      Ave 	[(-122.2547,37.422),(-122.2534,37.438)]
+Lockwood                      Ave 	[(-121.9401,37.366),(-121.9408,37.364)]
+Lockwood                      St  	[(-122.1802,37.628),(-122.1778,37.601)]
+Locust                        St  	[(-121.7815,37.876),(-121.7791,37.881)]
+Locust                        St  	[(-122.0435,37.315),(-122.0435,37.312)]
+Locust                        St  	[(-122.1606,37.007),(-122.1593,37.987)]
+Locust                        St  	[(-122.1813,37.578),(-122.1807,37.572)]
+Logan                         Ct  	[(-122.0053,37.492),(-122.0061,37.484)]
+Logan                         Dr  	[(-121.9862,37.39),(-121.9856,37.384)]
+Logan                         Dr  	[(-121.9913,37.423),(-121.990341,37.41763)]
+Loma                          Dr  	[(-121.9202,37.39),(-121.9204,37.394)]
+Loma Vista                    Ave 	[(-122.1952,37.942),(-122.1933,37.952)]
+Lomitas                       Ave 	[(-121.773262,37.59041),(-121.77308,37.59042),(-121.772998,37.59043)]
+Lomitas                       Ave 	[(-121.7807,37.574),(-121.7804,37.586)]
+Longridge                     Road	[(-122.2345,37.096),(-122.2317,37.099)]
+Longview                      Dr  	[(-121.904,37.486),(-121.9047,37.482)]
+Longview                      Dr  	[(-122.1277,37.257),(-122.1277,37.252)]
+Longwood                      Ct  	[(-122.1036,37.606),(-122.1038,37.603)]
+Lori                          Way 	[(-122.0446,37.845),(-122.0441,37.835)]
+Loro                          Pl  	[(-121.9447,37.577),(-121.9458,37.582)]
+Lorren                        Dr  	[(-121.9911,37.491),(-121.9926,37.473)]
+Los Banos                     St  	[(-122.102,37.914),(-122.1013,37.91)]
+Los Banos                     St  	[(-122.1064,37.965),(-122.1057,37.956)]
+Louise                        Lane	[(-122.0749,37.764),(-122.0754,37.758)]
+Lowell                        St  	[(-122.275,37.384),(-122.2752,37.389)]
+Lowell                        St  	[(-122.2757,37.41),(-122.2759,37.417)]
+Lowry                         Road	[(-122.052627,37.83339),(-122.0531,37.827),(-122.0538,37.818)]
+Lucot                         St  	[(-122.1091,37.746),(-122.1096,37.743)]
+Luna                          Ave 	[(-122.1238,37.117),(-122.123,37.124)]
+Lunar                         Way 	[(-122.0668,37.883),(-122.0669,37.877)]
+Lurene                        Dr  	[(-121.918603,37.24972),(-121.919428,37.24785)]
+Luzon                         Ct  	[(-121.9328,37.28),(-121.9321,37.279)]
+Lyman                         Road	[(-122.2124,37.068),(-122.2105,37.093)]
+Lynde                         St  	[(-122.2195,37.912),(-122.2187,37.91),(-122.2173,37.908)]
+Lyndhurst                     St  	[(-122.1823,37.354),(-122.1807,37.348)]
+Lyra                          St  	[(-121.9186,37.766),(-121.9184,37.762)]
+M                             St  	[(-121.7731,37.842),(-121.7736,37.853)]
+M                             St  	[(-122.0851,37.754),(-122.0845,37.742)]
+Maar                          Ave 	[(-121.9573,37.693),(-121.9565,37.701)]
+Mabel                         Ave 	[(-122.0774,37.029),(-122.0728,37.029)]
+Mabel                         St  	[(-122.2841,37.591),(-122.284,37.583)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.139,37.34),(-122.138812,37.34)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.1394,37.356),(-122.139376,37.35503)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.1407,37.372),(-122.14,37.364)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.1495,37.412),(-122.1487,37.408)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.1552,37.454),(-122.1541,37.446)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.1605,37.553),(-122.1596,37.525)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.1636,37.618),(-122.1629,37.612)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.1697,37.68),(-122.1696,37.679)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.185,37.757),(-122.1843,37.753)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.1868,37.773),(-122.1861,37.767)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.188,37.837),(-122.1871,37.833)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.207,37.985),(-122.204,37.973)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.2239,37.007),(-122.2229,37.005)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.2258,37.01),(-122.2251,37.008)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.2281,37.014),(-122.2278,37.013)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.2328,37.039),(-122.2307,37.022)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.2353,37.054),(-122.2338,37.044)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.2405,37.072),(-122.2402,37.07)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.252491,37.17473),(-122.253,37.182)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.262,37.258),(-122.2631,37.26)]
+Mac Arthur                    Blvd	[(-122.2673,37.272),(-122.2676,37.273)]
+Mackenzie                     Pl  	[(-122.0125,37.698),(-122.0115,37.715)]
+Maddux                        Dr  	[(-122.1829,37.343),(-122.1823,37.341)]
+Maddux                        Dr  	[(-122.1848,37.366),(-122.1848,37.36)]
+Madelaine                     Pl  	[(-122.0401,37.448),(-122.0395,37.448)]
+Madera                        Ave 	[(-122.19,37.814),(-122.1914,37.824)]
+Madison                       Ave 	[(-121.7414,37.777),(-121.7415,37.77)]
+Madison                       Ave 	[(-122.0628,37.078),(-122.063,37.071)]
+Madison                       St  	[(-122.267,37.962),(-122.2668,37.965)]
+Madison                       St  	[(-122.2686,37.937),(-122.2682,37.945)]
+Magee                         Ave 	[(-122.1991,37.928),(-122.1977,37.937)]
+Magnolia                      Cir 	[(-121.868186,37.81015),(-121.866849,37.80683)]
+Magnolia                      Dr  	[(-122.2313,37.296),(-122.2317,37.285)]
+Magnolia                      St  	[(-122.0361,37.306),(-122.0354,37.303)]
+Magnolia                      St  	[(-122.0409,37.333),(-122.0394,37.325)]
+Magnolia                      St  	[(-122.0971,37.5),(-122.0962,37.484)]
+Magnolia                      St  	[(-122.2864,37.104),(-122.286,37.115)]
+Magnolia                      St  	[(-122.2899,37.005),(-122.2894,37.019)]
+Main                          St  	[(-121.8743,37.615),(-121.8739,37.624)]
+Main                          St  	[(-121.8754,37.595),(-121.875,37.604)]
+Main                          St  	[(-121.8769,37.571),(-121.876403,37.57907)]
+Main                          St  	[(-121.8875,37.939),(-121.8907,37.936)]
+Main                          St  	[(-122.0817,37.729),(-122.0807,37.719)]
+Main                          St  	[(-122.0844,37.758),(-122.0836,37.75)]
+Main                          St  	[(-122.2907,37.832),(-122.2907,37.839)]
+Mairmont                      Dr  	[(-121.8725,37.8),(-121.8734,37.8)]
+Maitland                      Dr  	[(-122.2286,37.273),(-122.2277,37.265)]
+Majestic                      Ave 	[(-122.1784,37.793),(-122.1789,37.788)]
+Majestic                      Way 	[(-122.142593,37.98723),(-122.1423,37.98485)]
+Malabar                       Ave 	[(-122.0727,37.103),(-122.0711,37.103)]
+Malcolm                       Ave 	[(-122.1269,37.516),(-122.125,37.514)]
+Malcolm                       Ave 	[(-122.1366,37.469),(-122.1359,37.483)]
+Mallard                       Ct  	[(-122.0358,37.486),(-122.0367,37.492)]
+Malta                         Ct  	[(-122.1832,37.273),(-122.1823,37.278)]
+Manchester                    Road	[(-122.1125,37.071),(-122.1116,37.071)]
+Manchester                    St  	[(-121.866725,37.98973),(-121.866734,37.98255)]
+Mandalay                      Road	[(-122.2322,37.397),(-122.2321,37.403)]
+Manila                        Ave 	[(-122.2448,37.425),(-122.2437,37.428)]
+Mann                          Ave 	[(-122.0165,37.844),(-122.0171,37.83)]
+Manor                         Blvd	[(-122.1402,37.912),(-122.1409,37.913)]
+Manor                         Blvd	[(-122.1421,37.912),(-122.1426,37.912)]
+Manor                         Blvd	[(-122.1452,37.911),(-122.1461,37.91)]
+Manor                         Blvd	[(-122.1584,37.906),(-122.1597,37.905)]
+Manor                         Way 	[(-122.2853,37.857),(-122.2844,37.855)]
+Manter                        Road	[(-122.0531,37.984),(-122.0522,37.98)]
+Mantilla                      Ave 	[(-122.0781,37.31),(-122.079,37.309)]
+Manzanita                     St  	[(-122.0188,37.263),(-122.0182,37.258)]
+Maple                         Ave 	[(-122.1987,37.024),(-122.197,37.035)]
+Maple                         Ave 	[(-122.2051,37.962),(-122.2047,37.965)]
+Maple                         Ave 	[(-122.21,37.909),(-122.2096,37.915)]
+Maple                         St  	[(-121.7638,37.824),(-121.7627,37.82)]
+Maple                         St  	[(-122.2888,37.796),(-122.2872,37.795)]
+Maple Leaf                    Dr  	[(-121.864615,37.81276),(-121.863868,37.79283)]
+Marabu                        Way 	[(-121.9503,37.454),(-121.9508,37.45)]
+Maraschino                    Ct  	[(-122.0249,37.842),(-122.0252,37.833)]
+Margery                       Dr  	[(-121.9766,37.338),(-121.9772,37.33)]
+Marianas                          	[(-122.2426,37.344),(-122.243,37.339)]
+Marianas                          	[(-122.244,37.327),(-122.244408,37.32305)]
+Marigold                      Ct  	[(-121.9177,37.748),(-121.9187,37.746)]
+Marigold                      Road	[(-121.7383,37.123),(-121.7393,37.128)]
+Marin                         Ave 	[(-122.1044,37.614),(-122.1055,37.613)]
+Marin                         Ave 	[(-122.1101,37.608),(-122.1107,37.607)]
+Marin                         Ave 	[(-122.258,37.969),(-122.258,37.966)]
+Marin                         Ave 	[(-122.2741,37.894),(-122.272,37.901)]
+Marin                         Ave 	[(-122.2865,37.891),(-122.2856,37.895)]
+Marin                         Ave 	[(-122.2928,37.877),(-122.2925,37.877)]
+Marin                         Ave 	[(-122.2956,37.871),(-122.2948,37.873)]
+Marin                         Way 	[(-122.2443,37.898),(-122.2436,37.893)]
+Marina                        Blvd	[(-122.163,37.111),(-122.164,37.106)]
+Marina                        Blvd	[(-122.164188,37.10514),(-122.1651,37.101)]
+Marineview                    Dr  	[(-122.1261,37.21),(-122.1254,37.205)]
+Marineview                    Dr  	[(-122.1318,37.241),(-122.1305,37.239)]
+Maritime                      St  	[(-122.3072,37.156),(-122.3084,37.142)]
+Market                        Ave 	[(-122.0229,37.328),(-122.0244,37.312)]
+Market                        St  	[(-122.2727,37.333),(-122.2725,37.34)]
+Market                        St  	[(-122.2738,37.292),(-122.2736,37.301)]
+Market                        St  	[(-122.2741,37.426),(-122.2742,37.433)]
+Market                        St  	[(-122.2754,37.227),(-122.2751,37.235)]
+Market                        St  	[(-122.2794,37.109),(-122.2793,37.114)]
+Market                        St  	[(-122.2826,37.021),(-122.2825,37.023)]
+Marlboro                      Way 	[(-121.86612,37.9994),(-121.866,37.999)]
+Marlin                        Ct  	[(-122.044157,37.30406),(-122.044602,37.30052)]
+Marlow                        Dr  	[(-122.1375,37.346),(-122.1374,37.351)]
+Marne                         St  	[(-122.148,37.811),(-122.1476,37.805)]
+Mars                          Road	[(-121.7834,37.586),(-121.7827,37.575)]
+Marsala                       Ct  	[(-121.848563,37.64116),(-121.847736,37.63501),(-121.847146,37.63392)]
+Marshall                      St  	[(-122.0637,37.99),(-122.0638,37.982)]
+Marshall                      Ter 	[(-122.026173,37.67648),(-122.026375,37.67346)]
+Martin                        Ave 	[(-121.8618,37.818),(-121.8618,37.82696),(-121.8618,37.848)]
+Martin Luther King Jr         Way 	[(-122.2667,37.353),(-122.2666,37.357)]
+Martin Luther King Jr         Way 	[(-122.2698,37.223),(-122.2697,37.229)]
+Martin Luther King Jr         Way 	[(-122.2703,37.527),(-122.2702,37.517)]
+Martin Luther King Jr         Way 	[(-122.2705,37.194),(-122.2704,37.199)]
+Martin Luther King Jr         Way 	[(-122.2707,37.563),(-122.2706,37.545)]
+Martin Luther King Jr         Way 	[(-122.2709,37.489),(-122.2708,37.481)]
+Martin Luther King Jr         Way 	[(-122.2712,37.608),(-122.2711,37.599)]
+Martin Luther King Jr         Way 	[(-122.272,37.146),(-122.2715,37.153)]
+Martin Luther King Jr         Way 	[(-122.2787,37.014),(-122.2784,37.02),(-122.2779,37.027)]
+Martinez                      Dr  	[(-121.984,37.793),(-121.984,37.796)]
+Martinez                      St  	[(-122.159,37.191),(-122.1582,37.185)]
+Maryland                      Ave 	[(-122.2734,37.031),(-122.272,37.032)]
+Marylin                       Ave 	[(-121.7857,37.838),(-121.7833,37.837)]
+Masonic                       Ter 	[(-121.9512,37.123),(-121.9508,37.124)]
+Massachusetts                 St  	[(-122.0925,37.051),(-122.0909,37.056)]
+Mateo                         Ct  	[(-122.0266,37.659),(-122.0273,37.65)]
+Matthew                       Ct  	[(-121.8807,37.394),(-121.8783,37.395)]
+Mattos                        Dr  	[(-121.9983,37.542),(-121.9992,37.53)]
+Mattos                        Dr  	[(-122.0002,37.52),(-122.0005,37.513)]
+Mattos                        Dr  	[(-122.0005,37.502),(-122.000898,37.49683)]
+Mattox                        Road	[(-122.0958,37.872),(-122.0957,37.876)]
+Maubert                       Ave 	[(-122.1114,37.009),(-122.1096,37.995)]
+Maud                          Ave 	[(-122.1387,37.25),(-122.1379,37.252)]
+Mauna Loa Park                Dr  	[(-121.9723,37.191),(-121.972,37.196)]
+Mavis                         Ct  	[(-121.8584,37.606),(-121.8577,37.603)]
+Mavis                         Dr  	[(-121.86,37.628),(-121.8598,37.606)]
+Maxwelton                     Road	[(-122.2248,37.31),(-122.2252,37.32)]
+May                           Ct  	[(-122.0589,37.323),(-122.0577,37.331)]
+May                           Road	[(-122.0168,37.083),(-122.015,37.095)]
+Maya                          St  	[(-121.9148,37.792),(-121.9143,37.784)]
+Maybelle                      Ave 	[(-122.1957,37.878),(-122.1948,37.883)]
+Maybelle                      Way 	[(-122.1974,37.873),(-122.1971,37.874)]
+Mayfair Park                  Ave 	[(-121.9631,37.148),(-121.9629,37.143)]
+Mayhews Landing               Road	[(-122.0417,37.346),(-122.0424,37.341)]
+Mayhews Landing               Road	[(-122.0458,37.318),(-122.0468,37.309)]
+Mayhews Landing               Road	[(-122.0482,37.299),(-122.0489,37.295)]
+Mayport                       Cir 	[(-122.283588,37.88064),(-122.284724,37.87992)]
+Mayview                       Way 	[(-121.7869,37.637),(-121.7848,37.636)]
+Mc Clary                      Ave 	[(-122.1924,37.443),(-122.1917,37.448)]
+Mc Farlane                    Lane	[(-122.0823,37.377),(-122.0863,37.374)]
+Mc Gee                        Ave 	[(-122.2755,37.611),(-122.2754,37.603)]
+Mc Gee                        Ave 	[(-122.2768,37.709),(-122.2768,37.702)]
+Mc Gee                        Ave 	[(-122.2772,37.746),(-122.2771,37.736)]
+Mc Millan                     St  	[(-122.2479,37.454),(-122.248,37.457)]
+McClure                       Ave 	[(-122.1431,37.001),(-122.1436,37.998)]
+McGlinchey                    Dr  	[(-121.7721,37.745),(-121.7722,37.729)]
+McKeown                       Ct  	[(-122.0676,37.681),(-122.0671,37.674)]
+McKeown                       Ter 	[(-121.992,37.825),(-121.992203,37.82275)]
+McSherry                      Way 	[(-122.235166,37.29199),(-122.234053,37.27635)]
+Meadowbrook                   Ave 	[(-122.0406,37.198),(-122.0389,37.183)]
+Meadowbrook Com                   	[(-122.0043,37.608),(-122.0036,37.609)]
+Meadowlark                    Dr  	[(-122.0692,37.985),(-122.0692,37.973)]
+Mecartney                     Road	[(-122.2473,37.374),(-122.2455,37.369)]
+Mecartney                     Road	[(-122.24835,37.37769),(-122.247665,37.3761)]
+Medacino                      Ter 	[(-122.043321,37.65121),(-122.043914,37.64881)]
+Medallion                     Dr  	[(-122.0502,37.08),(-122.0502,37.059)]
+Medallion                     Dr  	[(-122.0502,37.929),(-122.0502,37.936)]
+Medellion                     Dr  	[(-122.050194,37.95738),(-122.050187,37.96407)]
+Medford                       Ave 	[(-122.1017,37.828),(-122.1015,37.829),(-122.1002,37.832)]
+Medlar                        Dr  	[(-122.0627,37.378),(-122.0625,37.375)]
+Meek                          Ave 	[(-122.0919,37.641),(-122.0897,37.642)]
+Meekland                      Ave 	[(-122.113,37.812),(-122.1128,37.809)]
+Meiggs                        St  	[(-121.9596,37.267),(-121.9593,37.255)]
+Melbourne                     Ave 	[(-122.0842,37.285),(-122.0837,37.269)]
+Melcher                       St  	[(-122.1792,37.21),(-122.1778,37.198)]
+Mellow                        Way 	[(-122.0387,37.846),(-122.0377,37.841)]
+Melrose                       Ave 	[(-122.2032,37.736),(-122.2029,37.733)]
+Melrose                       Ave 	[(-122.2075,37.756),(-122.2072,37.754)]
+Melrose                       Ave 	[(-122.2328,37.331),(-122.2319,37.335)]
+Mendenhall                    Road	[(-121.681342,37.03354),(-121.684794,37.0443)]
+Mendenhall                    Road	[(-122.134,37.677),(-122.1324,37.685)]
+Merced                        St  	[(-122.1708,37.102),(-122.1707,37.099)]
+Mercury                       St  	[(-122.0598,37.291),(-122.0595,37.284)]
+Merle                         Ct  	[(-122.1467,37.373),(-122.1467,37.366)]
+Merle                         Ct  	[(-122.1482,37.368),(-122.1479,37.358)]
+Merol                         Ave 	[(-121.9924,37.453),(-121.9918,37.45)]
+Merriewood                    Dr  	[(-122.2136,37.373),(-122.2128,37.389)]
+Merrill                       Ave 	[(-121.9205,37.807),(-121.9196,37.811)]
+Merrimac River                St  	[(-122.032907,37.70666),(-122.0332,37.703)]
+Merritt                       Ave 	[(-122.2471,37.078),(-122.2446,37.078)]
+Merritt                       Ave 	[(-122.2495,37.053),(-122.2487,37.066)]
+Merritt Channel                   	[(-122.2591,37.968),(-122.2606,37.942)]
+Mesa                          Ave 	[(-122.233,37.304),(-122.2322,37.291)]
+Meteor                        Dr  	[(-122.0713,37.868),(-122.0702,37.862)]
+Miami                         Ave 	[(-122.0812,37.234),(-122.0812,37.229)]
+Michael                       Ave 	[(-121.9605,37.208),(-121.961,37.206)]
+Michell                       Ct  	[(-121.7588,37.897),(-121.7583,37.893)]
+Michelle                      St  	[(-121.9691,37.461),(-121.968214,37.45771)]
+Middlefield                   Ave 	[(-121.9442,37.309),(-121.9426,37.311)]
+Midvale                       Ave 	[(-122.2016,37.933),(-122.2009,37.938)]
+Midway                        Road	[(-121.572056,37.50049),(-121.574787,37.51247)]
+Milani                        Ave 	[(-122.0235,37.438),(-122.024,37.432)]
+Milburn                       Ter 	[(-122.058937,37.54931),(-122.058337,37.5373)]
+Mildred                       Ct  	[(-122.0002,37.388),(-121.9998,37.386)]
+Mildred                       Dr  	[(-121.9958,37.44),(-121.9964,37.433)]
+Mildred                       Dr  	[(-121.9973,37.421),(-121.9977,37.417)]
+Miles                         Ave 	[(-122.2599,37.373),(-122.2589,37.382)]
+Miller                        Ave 	[(-122.2322,37.844),(-122.2319,37.848)]
+Miller                        Ave 	[(-122.2353,37.806),(-122.235,37.809)]
+Miller                        Road	[(-122.0902,37.645),(-122.0865,37.545)]
+Miller                        St  	[(-122.1627,37.048),(-122.1614,37.032)]
+Mills                         Ave 	[(-122.1222,37.917),(-122.1222,37.908)]
+Milmar                        Blvd	[(-122.0785,37.108),(-122.0783,37.101)]
+Milvia                        St  	[(-122.2689,37.593),(-122.2687,37.585)]
+Milvia                        St  	[(-122.2692,37.637),(-122.2691,37.629)]
+Milvia                        St  	[(-122.2707,37.772),(-122.2707,37.763)]
+Milvia                        St  	[(-122.2711,37.817),(-122.2708,37.8),(-122.2707,37.781)]
+Minerva                       St  	[(-122.0652,37.282),(-122.066,37.28)]
+Mines                         Road	[(-121.531666,37.83219),(-121.534092,37.94366)]
+Mines                         Road	[(-121.536341,37),(-121.536966,37.00198)]
+Mines                         Road	[(-121.570515,37.78068),(-121.568708,37.80183)]
+Mines                         Road	[(-121.633014,37.95741),(-121.642288,37.98874)]
+Minivet                       Ct  	[(-121.8834,37.805),(-121.8838,37.811)]
+Minturn                       Ct  	[(-122.0545,37.944),(-122.0538,37.946)]
+Mira Vista                    Dr  	[(-122.0829,37.22),(-122.0827,37.213)]
+Mirador                       Ct  	[(-121.8644,37.556),(-121.8633,37.552)]
+Miramar                       Ave 	[(-122.1009,37.025),(-122.099089,37.03209)]
+Miramonte                     Ave 	[(-122.1052,37.986),(-122.1042,37.997)]
+Miranda                       St  	[(-122.0715,37.211),(-122.0717,37.206)]
+Miranda                       Way 	[(-121.7837,37.649),(-121.7807,37.648)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.918886,37),(-121.9194,37.976),(-121.9198,37.975)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.920783,37.37168),(-121.9204,37.367)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.9214,37.961),(-121.9217,37.96)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.924901,37.92912),(-121.9254,37.922)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.928695,37.43767),(-121.925,37.417)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.937204,37.48803),(-121.936483,37.48336)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.9418,37.517),(-121.9389,37.499)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.9449,37.536),(-121.9438,37.53)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.949133,37.56339),(-121.948176,37.5572)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.9562,37.607),(-121.9548,37.598)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.9632,37.683),(-121.96315,37.6825)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.971801,37.77041),(-121.9706,37.762)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-121.9823,37.791),(-121.9765,37.788),(-121.9751,37.786)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-122.0006,37.896),(-121.9989,37.88)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-122.0221,37.084),(-122.021325,37.07762)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-122.0641,37.491),(-122.062,37.464)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-122.07,37.567),(-122.0692,37.555)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-122.0798,37.688),(-122.0779,37.668)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-122.0928,37.802),(-122.0919,37.796),(-122.0916,37.793)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-122.0955,37.824),(-122.0947,37.817)]
+Mission                       Blvd	[(-122.1031,37.882),(-122.1024,37.877)]
+Mission                       Ct  	[(-121.929057,37.90595),(-121.929602,37.90063)]
+Mission                       Dr  	[(-121.879,37.526),(-121.8788,37.526)]
+Mission Creek                     	[(-121.9244,37.614),(-121.9238,37.608)]
+Mistflower                    Ave 	[(-122.0195,37.329),(-122.0199,37.323)]
+Mitchell                      Ave 	[(-122.1438,37.376),(-122.1439,37.374)]
+Mitchell                      St  	[(-122.2257,37.844),(-122.2249,37.852)]
+Moccasin                      St  	[(-122.0302,37.085),(-122.0297,37.078)]
+Mocine                        Ave 	[(-122.0751,37.497),(-122.0748,37.476)]
+Mockingbird                   Lane	[(-122.0862,37.419),(-122.0861,37.412)]
+Mohr                          Ave 	[(-121.8495,37.819),(-121.8618,37.818)]
+Mohr                          Ave 	[(-121.877,37.819),(-121.8793,37.816),(-121.8799,37.819)]
+Mohr                          Dr  	[(-122.1132,37.466),(-122.113,37.46)]
+Molaka                        Cir 	[(-122.0476,37.863),(-122.0479,37.871)]
+Monaco                        Ave 	[(-122.0024,37.966),(-122.0023,37.967)]
+Monaco                        Ct  	[(-121.8762,37.544),(-121.8766,37.538)]
+Monika                        Lane	[(-122.051987,37.88553),(-122.052536,37.88171)]
+Montcalm                      Ave 	[(-122.0394,37.373),(-122.04,37.369)]
+Monte Vista                   Dr  	[(-122.1127,37.4),(-122.1126,37.388)]
+Montecito                     Ave 	[(-122.2602,37.114),(-122.2589,37.122)]
+Montecito                     Cir 	[(-121.789,37.97),(-121.7883,37.967),(-121.7867,37.962)]
+Montecito                     Cir 	[(-121.789,37.97),(-121.78927,37.9709)]
+Montecito                     Dr  	[(-121.9899,37.743),(-121.9892,37.762)]
+Montego Bay                       	[(-122.2491,37.389),(-122.2485,37.396)]
+Monterey                      Ave 	[(-122.2793,37.863),(-122.2799,37.857)]
+Monterey                      Blvd	[(-122.1494,37.018),(-122.1486,37.013)]
+Monterey                      Blvd	[(-122.189,37.987),(-122.1891,37.971)]
+Monterey                      Blvd	[(-122.1931,37.068),(-122.1918,37.051)]
+Monterey                      Blvd	[(-122.1971,37.103),(-122.1961,37.096)]
+Monterey                      Blvd	[(-122.2029,37.167),(-122.2012,37.146)]
+Monterey                      Dr  	[(-121.909595,37.12732),(-121.910168,37.15444)]
+Montgomery                    Ave 	[(-122.0971,37.824),(-122.0955,37.811)]
+Montgomery                    Ave 	[(-122.0989,37.838),(-122.0977,37.829)]
+Montgomery                    St  	[(-122.0882,37.738),(-122.0875,37.727)]
+Montgomery                    St  	[(-122.2489,37.316),(-122.2471,37.33)]
+Montgomery                    St  	[(-122.2518,37.292),(-122.2504,37.305)]
+Monticello                    Ave 	[(-122.2,37.771),(-122.199,37.778)]
+Monticello                    St  	[(-122.0561,37.37),(-122.0554,37.374)]
+Mooney                        Ave 	[(-122.1234,37.972),(-122.1234,37.978)]
+Moonflower                    Way 	[(-121.7297,37.075),(-121.7322,37.071)]
+Moore                         Dr  	[(-122.1901,37.335),(-122.1884,37.351)]
+Moores                        Ave 	[(-122.0087,37.301),(-122.0094,37.292)]
+Moores                        Ave 	[(-122.0098,37.287),(-122.0102,37.281)]
+Moores                        Ave 	[(-122.0138,37.237),(-122.014,37.233)]
+Morada                        Ct  	[(-121.93541,37.49248),(-121.935229,37.49155)]
+Moraga                        Ave 	[(-122.2096,37.265),(-122.2088,37.254)]
+Moraga                        Ave 	[(-122.225,37.3),(-122.2243,37.3)]
+Moraga                        Ave 	[(-122.2447,37.288),(-122.2423,37.302)]
+Moraga                        Dr  	[(-121.7915,37.701),(-121.7906,37.705)]
+Morcom                        Pl  	[(-122.1901,37.826),(-122.1897,37.829)]
+Moreland                      Dr  	[(-122.0802,37.11),(-122.0793,37.109)]
+Morengo                       Way 	[(-121.9209,37.837),(-121.9203,37.84)]
+Mound                         St  	[(-122.2346,37.582),(-122.2339,37.588)]
+Mound                         St  	[(-122.2402,37.531),(-122.2395,37.537)]
+Mount Hamilton                Ct  	[(-122.030097,37.11348),(-122.030412,37.11049)]
+Mountain                      Ave 	[(-122.2267,37.24),(-122.2261,37.231)]
+Mountain                      Ave 	[(-122.2291,37.256),(-122.2288,37.257)]
+Mountain                      Blvd	[(-122.151,37.659),(-122.1484,37.64)]
+Mountain                      Blvd	[(-122.1535,37.702),(-122.153,37.696)]
+Mountain                      Blvd	[(-122.1765,37.857),(-122.177,37.85)]
+Mountain                      Blvd	[(-122.1774,37.889),(-122.1771,37.887)]
+Mountain                      Blvd	[(-122.1789,37.934),(-122.1787,37.93)]
+Mountain                      Blvd	[(-122.2013,37.164),(-122.2004,37.15)]
+Mountain                      Blvd	[(-122.2085,37.261),(-122.2088,37.254)]
+Mountain                      Blvd	[(-122.211,37.308),(-122.2102,37.297)]
+Mountain                      Blvd	[(-122.222,37.435),(-122.2204,37.436)]
+Mountain                      Blvd	[(-122.2261,37.465),(-122.2241,37.451)]
+Mountaingate                  Way 	[(-122.1999,37.198),(-122.1994,37.193)]
+Mowry                         Ave 	[(-121.9745,37.659),(-121.975803,37.65155)]
+Mowry                         Ave 	[(-121.976381,37.64822),(-121.9769,37.646)]
+Mowry                         Ave 	[(-121.9807,37.567),(-121.9809,37.565)]
+Mowry                         Ave 	[(-121.9825,37.547),(-121.9838,37.532)]
+Mowry                         Ave 	[(-121.9896,37.459),(-121.9904,37.449)]
+Mowry                         Ave 	[(-122.0074,37.245),(-122.008,37.236)]
+Mowry                         Ave 	[(-122.0113,37.158),(-122.0129,37.124)]
+Mowry Slough                      	[(-122.0393,37.918),(-122.0552,37.908)]
+Msn Creek                     Dr  	[(-121.9354,37.428),(-121.9344,37.427)]
+Mtn House                     Road	[(-121.576862,37.78355),(-121.576389,37.80422)]
+Mtn House                     Road	[(-121.579578,37.73807),(-121.578037,37.75356)]
+Mtn House Creek                   	[(-121.558979,37.69672),(-121.558765,37.69123),(-121.564396,37.65095)]
+Mtn House Creek                   	[(-121.570759,37.60189),(-121.566196,37.63889)]
+Mtn House Creek                   	[(-121.577,37.50431),(-121.578144,37.49554)]
+Muir                          St  	[(-122.0761,37.529),(-122.0756,37.524)]
+Muir                          St  	[(-122.0787,37.562),(-122.0779,37.553)]
+Muirwood                      Dr  	[(-121.9162,37.824),(-121.9168,37.831)]
+Mulberry                      Pl  	[(-121.9221,37.234),(-121.9225,37.232)]
+Mulberry                      Pl  	[(-121.9238,37.249),(-121.9249,37.261)]
+Mulberry                      St  	[(-122.0363,37.332),(-122.034,37.32)]
+Murcia                        St  	[(-122.076,37.235),(-122.0758,37.23)]
+Murdell                       Lane	[(-121.7977,37.619),(-121.797719,37.60774)]
+Murdell                       Lane	[(-121.8001,37.746),(-121.7998,37.741)]
+Murdock                       Ct  	[(-122.1828,37.753),(-122.1832,37.756)]
+Murray                        St  	[(-122.2885,37.513),(-122.288,37.514)]
+Murrieta                      Blvd	[(-121.7825,37.758),(-121.7816,37.758)]
+Murrieta                      Blvd	[(-121.7847,37.94),(-121.7842,37.942)]
+Murrieta                      Blvd	[(-121.7864,37.791),(-121.7866,37.797)]
+Murrieta                      Blvd	[(-121.7865,37.934),(-121.7858,37.936)]
+Murrieta                      Blvd	[(-121.788409,37.80906),(-121.7885,37.815)]
+Myers                         St  	[(-122.1511,37.423),(-122.151,37.415)]
+Myra                          Ct  	[(-122.108083,37.47375),(-122.108278,37.47677)]
+Myrtle                        St  	[(-122.0924,37.685),(-122.0919,37.676)]
+Myrtle                        St  	[(-122.2812,37.092),(-122.2805,37.108)]
+N                             St  	[(-121.7737,37.824),(-121.7739,37.829)]
+Nandina                       Ct  	[(-121.9274,37.299),(-121.9281,37.297)]
+Nansa                         Ct  	[(-121.9188,37.259),(-121.918711,37.25453)]
+Natalie                       Ave 	[(-121.9792,37.307),(-121.9799,37.296)]
+National                      Ave 	[(-122.1192,37.5),(-122.1281,37.489)]
+Navajo                        Ct  	[(-121.8779,37.901),(-121.8783,37.9)]
+Navy Roadway                      	[(-122.3093,37.092),(-122.3123,37.109)]
+Neal                          St  	[(-121.8692,37.577),(-121.8683,37.574)]
+Nelson                        Ct  	[(-121.864163,37.4684),(-121.86436,37.4745)]
+Nelson                        Pl  	[(-122.0366,37.522),(-122.0368,37.519)]
+Nelson                        St  	[(-121.9822,37.362),(-121.9846,37.348)]
+Neptune                       Dr  	[(-122.1878,37.989),(-122.1853,37.958)]
+Neptune                       Dr  	[(-122.1881,37.032),(-122.1875,37.007)]
+Neptune                       Road	[(-121.7885,37.607),(-121.7885,37.599)]
+Nevada                        St  	[(-122.0313,37.891),(-122.0317,37.882)]
+Nevada                        St  	[(-122.1821,37.37),(-122.1815,37.376)]
+New England Village           Dr  	[(-122.058,37.237),(-122.0585,37.235)]
+Newark                        Blvd	[(-122.0329,37.398),(-122.032,37.382)]
+Newark                        Blvd	[(-122.0352,37.438),(-122.0341,37.423)]
+Newberry                      St  	[(-122.2671,37.568),(-122.2668,37.554)]
+Newcastle                     Lane	[(-121.918,37.167),(-121.9191,37.182)]
+Newport                       St  	[(-122.1059,37.328),(-122.1054,37.315)]
+Nicol                         Ave 	[(-122.2174,37.943),(-122.2164,37.94)]
+Nicolet                       Ave 	[(-122.0174,37.696),(-122.0183,37.693)]
+Nicolet                       Ave 	[(-122.0238,37.615),(-122.0238,37.61)]
+Nicolet                       Ave 	[(-122.0264,37.574),(-122.0269,37.567)]
+Nicolet                       Ct  	[(-122.0242,37.641),(-122.0236,37.638)]
+Nielsen                       Lane	[(-121.744,37.777),(-121.744,37.77)]
+Niles                         Blvd	[(-121.9933,37.803),(-121.9929,37.803)]
+Niles Canyon                  Road	[(-121.881448,37.92865),(-121.8812,37.929)]
+Niles Canyon                  Road	[(-121.8954,37.94),(-121.89496,37.93963)]
+Niles Canyon                  Road	[(-121.909,37.94),(-121.9034,37.957)]
+Niles Canyon                  Road	[(-121.9292,37.955),(-121.925931,37.9815)]
+Niles Canyon                  Road	[(-121.9333,37.913),(-121.9317,37.919)]
+Niles Canyon                  Road	[(-121.9352,37.912),(-121.9346,37.91)]
+Nobhill                       Ct  	[(-122.0354,37.523),(-122.0353,37.517)]
+Norbridge                     Ave 	[(-122.084,37.911),(-122.0829,37.911)]
+Norene                        Way 	[(-122.1365,37.286),(-122.136,37.287)]
+Norfolk                       Road	[(-122.2936,37.877),(-122.2937,37.859)]
+Norfolk                       Road	[(-122.2937,37.848),(-122.2941,37.845)]
+Noria                         Ct  	[(-121.9319,37.288),(-121.9324,37.286)]
+Norissa                       Cir 	[(-122.0486,37.763),(-122.0484,37.77)]
+Normandie                     Ave 	[(-122.1902,37.783),(-122.1886,37.768)]
+Normandy                      Ct  	[(-122.0629,37.971),(-122.063,37.968)]
+Normandy                      Dr  	[(-122.0501,37.457),(-122.0506,37.451)]
+Norris Canyon                 Road	[(-122.015,37.545),(-122.0103,37.541)]
+Norris Canyon                 Road	[(-122.0329,37.332),(-122.0278,37.371)]
+North                         Blvd	[(-122.1768,37.243),(-122.1775,37.242)]
+North Hill                    Ct  	[(-122.231,37.533),(-122.2325,37.541)]
+Northland                     Ter 	[(-122.059106,37.55559),(-122.05922,37.55498)]
+Northrup                      St  	[(-122.2141,37.371),(-122.215,37.381)]
+Northvale                     Road	[(-122.2361,37.088),(-122.2335,37.083)]
+Northview                     Dr  	[(-122.0504,37.887),(-122.0511,37.892)]
+Northway                      Road	[(-121.8857,37.748),(-121.8871,37.75)]
+Northwood                     Dr  	[(-122.2299,37.64),(-122.2291,37.638)]
+Northwood                     Dr  	[(-122.2317,37.629),(-122.2311,37.637)]
+Northwood Com                     	[(-121.7885,37.815),(-121.788231,37.80962)]
+Norton                        Ave 	[(-122.1977,37.967),(-122.196855,37.97165)]
+Norwood                       Pl  	[(-121.7807,37.534),(-121.7811,37.534)]
+Nottingham                    Ct  	[(-122.0297,37.528),(-122.0303,37.522)]
+Nova                          Dr  	[(-122.2397,37.213),(-122.2394,37.214)]
+Novara                        Road	[(-122.2377,37.47),(-122.2368,37.472)]
+Novato                        St  	[(-122.0628,37.731),(-122.0633,37.723)]
+Nula                          Way 	[(-122.0553,37.865),(-122.0552,37.855)]
+Nursery                       Ave 	[(-121.9897,37.802),(-121.9901,37.795)]
+O Connell                     Lane	[(-121.9941,37.985),(-121.9917,37.974)]
+O Connell                     Lane	[(-122.00235,37.9875),(-121.9964,37.995)]
+O Connell                     Lane	[(-122.0038,37.972),(-122.0036,37.975)]
+Oak                           St  	[(-122.2383,37.713),(-122.238,37.719)]
+Oak                           St  	[(-122.2437,37.636),(-122.2431,37.644)]
+Oak                           St  	[(-122.265,37.877),(-122.264,37.879)]
+Oak                           St  	[(-122.2653,37.967),(-122.2649,37.974)]
+Oak                           St  	[(-122.2666,37.947),(-122.2664,37.95)]
+Oak Creek                     Ct  	[(-121.9153,37.737),(-121.9171,37.735)]
+Oak Hill                      Road	[(-122.1409,37.647),(-122.1382,37.658)]
+Oak Knoll                     Blvd	[(-122.151,37.559),(-122.1504,37.556)]
+Oakbrook                      Ct  	[(-121.865488,37.96653),(-121.8661,37.965)]
+Oakdale                       St  	[(-122.0648,37.767),(-122.0654,37.761)]
+Oakes                         Blvd	[(-122.1523,37.316),(-122.1511,37.318)]
+Oakes                         Dr  	[(-122.034734,37.62423),(-122.0329,37.618)]
+Oakland                       Ave 	[(-121.8703,37.85305),(-121.8703,37.866)]
+Oakland                       Ave 	[(-122.2332,37.258),(-122.2319,37.262)]
+Oakland                       Ave 	[(-122.24,37.235),(-122.2393,37.237),(-122.2387,37.24)]
+Oakland                       Ave 	[(-122.2529,37.197),(-122.2521,37.203)]
+Oakland                       Ave 	[(-122.2583,37.162),(-122.2569,37.167)]
+Oakland Inner Harbor              	[(-122.2625,37.913),(-122.260016,37.89484)]
+Oakmont                       Ave 	[(-122.231698,37.17113),(-122.2321,37.168)]
+Oakport                       St  	[(-122.1975,37.422),(-122.1963,37.386)]
+Oakport                       St  	[(-122.2123,37.59),(-122.2117,37.585)]
+Oakridge                      Road	[(-121.7646,37.841),(-121.768787,37.84142)]
+Oakridge                      Road	[(-121.8182,37.93),(-121.8207,37.931)]
+Oakridge                      Road	[(-121.8316,37.049),(-121.828382,37)]
+Oakview                       Dr  	[(-122.2079,37.123),(-122.2074,37.116)]
+Oakwood                       Dr  	[(-122.1989,37.424),(-122.198,37.437)]
+Ocaso Camino                      	[(-121.9293,37.261),(-121.9303,37.252)]
+Occidental                    Road	[(-122.1102,37.403),(-122.110496,37.40277)]
+Ocie                          Way 	[(-122.0966,37.605),(-122.097,37.603)]
+Octavia                       St  	[(-122.2026,37.906),(-122.2013,37.906)]
+Ogden                         Dr  	[(-121.978963,37.36863),(-121.9808,37.368)]
+Olazaba                       Ter 	[(-121.9176,37.247),(-121.917664,37.24323)]
+Old Bernal                    Ave 	[(-121.879084,37.58027),(-121.878944,37.57993)]
+Old Canyon                    Road	[(-121.965,37.794),(-121.963,37.8)]
+Old Santa Rita                Road	[(-121.877505,37.9429),(-121.8776,37.96)]
+Old Tower                     Road	[(-121.7722,37.729),(-121.7704,37.729)]
+Old Warm Springs              Blvd	[(-121.9482,37.092),(-121.9473,37.084)]
+Oleander                      Ave 	[(-122.2338,37.296),(-122.2346,37.295)]
+Oleander                      Ave 	[(-122.2358,37.302),(-122.236192,37.30424)]
+Oleander                      St  	[(-121.7471,37.126),(-121.7459,37.129)]
+Olive                         Ave 	[(-121.9326,37.36),(-121.9333,37.356)]
+Olive                         Ave 	[(-121.9458,37.34),(-121.9493,37.337)]
+Olive                         Ave 	[(-122.2462,37.219),(-122.2451,37.202)]
+Oliver                        Way 	[(-121.9665,37.739),(-121.966295,37.73644)]
+Olivina                       Ave 	[(-121.7791,37.829),(-121.7787,37.829)]
+Olympic                       Ct  	[(-122.0509,37.321),(-122.0518,37.31)]
+Olympus                       Ave 	[(-122.2512,37.834),(-122.2502,37.818)]
+Omak                          St  	[(-121.9209,37.064),(-121.9209,37.071)]
+Omar                          St  	[(-121.9719,37.221),(-121.9724,37.222)]
+Omar                          St  	[(-121.9825,37.255),(-121.9831,37.259)]
+Omega                         Ave 	[(-122.0678,37.988),(-122.0664,37.989)]
+Oneil                         Ave 	[(-122.073989,37.5886),(-122.073631,37.58413)]
+Oneil                         Ave 	[(-122.076754,37.62476),(-122.0745,37.595)]
+Onondaga                      Dr  	[(-121.9288,37.054),(-121.9282,37.048)]
+Onondaga                      Dr  	[(-121.9312,37.054),(-121.93,37.058)]
+Opal                          Way 	[(-121.7984,37.679),(-121.7975,37.679)]
+Orange                        Ave 	[(-122.0787,37.867),(-122.0789,37.842)]
+Orchard                       Ave 	[(-122.0858,37.555),(-122.0833,37.551)]
+Orchard                       Lane	[(-122.2475,37.694),(-122.2467,37.692)]
+Orchid                        Dr  	[(-122.1416,37.098),(-122.1397,37.085)]
+Oregon                        St  	[(-122.2589,37.588),(-122.2565,37.591)]
+Oregon                        St  	[(-122.2794,37.561),(-122.2789,37.562)]
+Orin                          Dr  	[(-122.2623,37.133),(-122.2626,37.142)]
+Oriole                        Ave 	[(-121.7879,37.827),(-121.7879,37.851)]
+Oriole                        Ave 	[(-122.1209,37.051),(-122.1205,37.071)]
+Orleans                       Dr  	[(-122.046,37.393),(-122.0464,37.383)]
+Orleans                       Dr  	[(-122.0473,37.438),(-122.0463,37.412)]
+Orloff                        Dr  	[(-121.8659,37.767),(-121.865,37.765)]
+Orloff                        Dr  	[(-121.8677,37.768),(-121.8669,37.768)]
+Osgood                        Road	[(-121.9371,37.071),(-121.9363,37.06)]
+Osgood                        Road	[(-121.949,37.262),(-121.946,37.208)]
+Ostrander                     Road	[(-122.2364,37.413),(-122.2356,37.429)]
+Otis                          Dr  	[(-122.2564,37.619),(-122.256,37.618)]
+Otis                          Dr  	[(-122.2605,37.627),(-122.2593,37.625)]
+Outlook                       Ave 	[(-122.1616,37.636),(-122.1612,37.632)]
+Outlook                       Ave 	[(-122.168,37.698),(-122.1678,37.697)]
+Outlook                       Ave 	[(-122.1743,37.75),(-122.1736,37.746)]
+Outlook                       Ave 	[(-122.1789,37.788),(-122.1786,37.787)]
+Outrigger                     Dr  	[(-122.1802,37.95),(-122.178449,37.9197)]
+Overacker                     Ave 	[(-121.9617,37.652),(-121.9614,37.648),(-121.9607,37.643)]
+Owl                           Ct  	[(-121.91654,37.19636),(-121.915693,37.19031)]
+Oxford                        Pl  	[(-121.7752,37.532),(-121.7747,37.535)]
+Oxford                        St  	[(-122.2651,37.702),(-122.2651,37.699)]
+Oxford                        St  	[(-122.2657,37.742),(-122.2656,37.734)]
+Oyster Pond                   Road	[(-122.2408,37.407),(-122.2404,37.403)]
+Oyster Shoals                     	[(-122.2372,37.394),(-122.2365,37.393)]
+Pacific                       Ave 	[(-121.754552,37.76177),(-121.753824,37.76164)]
+Pacific                       Ave 	[(-122.1632,37.171),(-122.1621,37.156),(-122.1613,37.15)]
+Pacific                       Ave 	[(-122.1661,37.214),(-122.1654,37.204)]
+Pacific                       Ave 	[(-122.2419,37.683),(-122.2408,37.678)]
+Pacific                       Ave 	[(-122.2535,37.735),(-122.2527,37.731)]
+Pacific                       St  	[(-122.0342,37.962),(-122.0371,37.962)]
+Pacific                       St  	[(-122.0544,37.294),(-122.0548,37.297)]
+Packet Landing                Road	[(-122.2376,37.471),(-122.2372,37.458)]
+Pagano                        Ct  	[(-122.1371,37.959),(-122.1379,37.954)]
+Pala                          Ave 	[(-122.2328,37.28),(-122.2319,37.283)]
+Palatka                       Lane	[(-122.0915,37.35),(-122.0927,37.354)]
+Palm                          Ave 	[(-121.932,37.329),(-121.9319,37.319)]
+Palm                          Dr  	[(-122.0503,37.898),(-122.0501,37.897)]
+Palm                          Dr  	[(-122.052051,37.88751),(-122.0519,37.885)]
+Palmer                        Dr  	[(-121.86601,37.85873),(-121.865793,37.84778)]
+Palmer                        Dr  	[(-122.003005,37.52852),(-122.0026,37.527)]
+Palmetto                      Dr  	[(-122.0189,37.111),(-122.018,37.106)]
+Palo Verde                    Road	[(-122.0242,37.959),(-122.023,37.955),(-122.0222,37.961)]
+Paloma                        Ave 	[(-122.2347,37.126),(-122.2353,37.136)]
+Palomares                     Road	[(-121.9404,37.123),(-121.9407,37.11)]
+Palomares                     Road	[(-121.9501,37.318),(-121.948,37.304)]
+Palomares                     Road	[(-121.9683,37.439),(-121.9686,37.436)]
+Palomares                     Road	[(-121.9976,37.676),(-121.997,37.674)]
+Palomares                     Road	[(-122.0191,37.873),(-122.0056,37.744)]
+Palomino                      Dr  	[(-121.8536,37.59),(-121.852,37.589)]
+Pampas                        Ave 	[(-122.188335,37.87635),(-122.1878,37.872)]
+Panda                         Way 	[(-122.0668,37.773),(-122.0662,37.762)]
+Panitz                        St  	[(-122.0553,37.686),(-122.0553,37.679)]
+Panorama                      Trl 	[(-121.8996,37.291),(-121.9098,37.262)]
+Panorama                      Trl 	[(-121.9023,37.342),(-121.8995,37.303)]
+Panorama                      Trl 	[(-121.9096,37.37),(-121.9098,37.371)]
+Panorama                      Trl 	[(-121.9148,37.366),(-121.9141,37.356)]
+Panoramic                     Way 	[(-122.2454,37.695),(-122.2436,37.688)]
+Papago                        St  	[(-121.9155,37.826),(-121.9147,37.811)]
+Parada                        St  	[(-121.9949,37.166),(-121.9931,37.153)]
+Pardee                        Ave 	[(-121.9885,37.367),(-121.9893,37.359)]
+Pardee                        Dr  	[(-122.1991,37.286),(-122.1974,37.27)]
+Parish                        Ct  	[(-122.236048,37.33387),(-122.235406,37.3307)]
+Park                          Ave 	[(-122.2407,37.634),(-122.2404,37.638)]
+Park                          Ave 	[(-122.242,37.616),(-122.2416,37.621)]
+Park                          Ave 	[(-122.2461,37.565),(-122.2443,37.589)]
+Park                          Ave 	[(-122.2841,37.316),(-122.2851,37.314)]
+Park                          Blvd	[(-122.2058,37.222),(-122.2047,37.23)]
+Park                          Blvd	[(-122.218,37.087),(-122.2173,37.091)]
+Park                          Blvd	[(-122.2312,37.051),(-122.2303,37.049)]
+Park                          Blvd	[(-122.2387,37.027),(-122.2377,37.028),(-122.2362,37.031)]
+Park                          Blvd	[(-122.2461,37.013),(-122.2457,37.013)]
+Park                          Lane	[(-122.2309,37.163),(-122.2313,37.166)]
+Park                          St  	[(-121.7711,37.86),(-121.7699,37.863)]
+Park                          St  	[(-122.2377,37.686),(-122.237,37.695)]
+Park                          St  	[(-122.2491,37.541),(-122.247562,37.56407)]
+Park                          St  	[(-122.2825,37.544),(-122.282424,37.5421)]
+Park                          Way 	[(-122.0875,37.97),(-122.087418,37.96824)]
+Park                          Way 	[(-122.2339,37.288),(-122.2332,37.288)]
+Park                          Way 	[(-122.2366,37.289),(-122.2357,37.288)]
+Park                          Way 	[(-122.3038,37.798),(-122.3031,37.8)]
+Park Blvd                     Way 	[(-122.2303,37.049),(-122.2287,37.049)]
+Park Center                   Lane	[(-121.9793,37.431),(-121.9798,37.425)]
+Parker                        Ave 	[(-122.1647,37.685),(-122.1643,37.686)]
+Parker                        Road	[(-122.0876,37.181),(-122.0859,37.17)]
+Parker                        St  	[(-122.2664,37.623),(-122.2643,37.626)]
+Parkmeadow                    Dr  	[(-121.9319,37.062),(-121.9322,37.066)]
+Parkmeadow                    Dr  	[(-121.9324,37.099),(-121.9317,37.104)]
+Parkridge                     Dr  	[(-122.1438,37.884),(-122.1428,37.9)]
+Parkside                      Dr  	[(-121.886474,37.83325),(-121.8863,37.834)]
+Parkside                      Dr  	[(-121.8925,37.806),(-121.8916,37.809)]
+Parkside                      Dr  	[(-121.895065,37.79588),(-121.8949,37.797)]
+Parkside                      Dr  	[(-121.9836,37.598),(-121.9851,37.594),(-121.9861,37.592)]
+Parkside                      Dr  	[(-122.0475,37.603),(-122.0443,37.596)]
+Parkside                      Dr  	[(-122.0595,37.008),(-122.0592,37.012)]
+Parkview                      Road	[(-122.0548,37.023),(-122.0548,37.02)]
+Parnassus                     Road	[(-122.2525,37.814),(-122.2518,37.814)]
+Parsons                       Ct  	[(-122.082,37.056),(-122.0812,37.053)]
+Partridge                     Ave 	[(-122.1597,37.655),(-122.1584,37.652)]
+Partridge Com                     	[(-121.7876,37.877),(-121.7876,37.882)]
+Paru                          St  	[(-122.2583,37.712),(-122.2574,37.725)]
+Paru                          St  	[(-122.2601,37.687),(-122.2594,37.695)]
+Pasatiempo                    St  	[(-121.7252,37.262),(-121.7252,37.27)]
+Paseo del Cajon                   	[(-121.8901,37.699),(-121.889101,37.68411)]
+Paseo del Rio                     	[(-122.1309,37.842),(-122.1332,37.836),(-122.134,37.835)]
+Paseo Grande                      	[(-122.1197,37.83),(-122.1204,37.826)]
+Paseo Grande                      	[(-122.1231,37.812),(-122.1234,37.809)]
+Paseo Largavista                  	[(-122.1287,37.822),(-122.1281,37.811)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-121.9143,37.005),(-121.913522,37)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-121.9188,37.004),(-121.9177,37.004)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-121.9292,37.083),(-121.9295,37.088)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-121.9302,37.137),(-121.9298,37.146)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-121.9357,37.342),(-121.9327,37.318)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-121.9594,37.433),(-121.9569,37.419)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-121.960768,37.44248),(-121.9599,37.437)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-121.9643,37.462),(-121.9618,37.449)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-121.9885,37.578),(-121.9877,37.574)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-122.0021,37.639),(-121.996,37.628)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-122.0332,37.819),(-122.0307,37.809)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-122.0414,37.734),(-122.0445,37.708)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-122.045898,37.70023),(-122.047,37.695)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-122.049,37.684),(-122.05,37.67999)]
+Paseo Padre                   Pkwy	[(-122.051153,37.67586),(-122.0517,37.674)]
+Paseo Santa Cruz                  	[(-121.9052,37.65),(-121.904,37.65)]
+Paseo Santa Cruz                  	[(-121.906145,37.66172),(-121.905945,37.65817)]
+Patterson Pass                Road	[(-121.556654,37.14753),(-121.556,37.148)]
+Patterson Pass                Road	[(-121.574131,37.07538),(-121.573093,37.09003)]
+Patterson Ranch               Road	[(-122.0702,37.545),(-122.0855,37.509),(-122.0902,37.515)]
+Paxton                        Ct  	[(-122.0092,37.388),(-122.0101,37.378)]
+Payne                         Ct  	[(-121.9133,37.841),(-121.9139,37.84)]
+Peach                         Ct  	[(-122.0477,37.295),(-122.0473,37.293)]
+Peach                         St  	[(-122.2339,37.527),(-122.2334,37.532),(-122.2328,37.537)]
+Peach                         St  	[(-122.2352,37.502),(-122.2354,37.514)]
+Peachtree                     Ave 	[(-122.0511,37.277),(-122.0517,37.275)]
+Peachtree                     Dr  	[(-122.091,37.209),(-122.0913,37.199)]
+Pearl                         St  	[(-122.2319,37.672),(-122.2316,37.676)]
+Pearl                         St  	[(-122.2337,37.651),(-122.2329,37.661)]
+Pearl                         St  	[(-122.2383,37.594),(-122.2366,37.615)]
+Pearl                         St  	[(-122.2551,37.179),(-122.2546,37.174)]
+Peary                         Ct  	[(-121.769,37.711),(-121.7686,37.706)]
+Pecan                         Ct  	[(-121.9126,37.743),(-121.9142,37.739)]
+Peladeau                      St  	[(-122.2888,37.383),(-122.2889,37.386)]
+Pelican                       Ct  	[(-121.7907,37.839),(-121.7902,37.832)]
+Penniman                      Ave 	[(-122.2018,37.863),(-122.2012,37.856)]
+Pennsylvania                  Ave 	[(-121.9854,37.532),(-121.9862,37.523)]
+Peony                         Ct  	[(-121.9798,37.204),(-121.9804,37.198)]
+Pepperdine                    St  	[(-122.1501,37.989),(-122.1488,37.98)]
+Peppertree                    Ct  	[(-121.9416,37.16),(-121.9412,37.163)]
+Peppertree                    Road	[(-121.9421,37.127),(-121.94222,37.1302)]
+Peralta                       Ave 	[(-122.1585,37.293),(-122.1592,37.29)]
+Peralta                       Ave 	[(-122.1639,37.267),(-122.1653,37.27)]
+Peralta                       Blvd	[(-121.9856,37.63),(-121.9867,37.627)]
+Peralta                       Blvd	[(-122.0022,37.595),(-122.0045,37.591)]
+Peralta                       Blvd	[(-122.0073,37.573),(-122.0082,37.562)]
+Peralta                       St  	[(-122.2832,37.243),(-122.2829,37.246)]
+Peralta                       St  	[(-122.2933,37.113),(-122.2926,37.116)]
+Peralta                       St  	[(-122.2943,37.103),(-122.2937,37.111)]
+Peralta                       St  	[(-122.2974,37.061),(-122.2973,37.063)]
+Peridot                       Dr  	[(-121.8024,37.648),(-121.8024,37.645)]
+Periwinkle                    Road	[(-122.0451,37.301),(-122.044758,37.29844)]
+Perkins                       St  	[(-122.0185,37.617),(-122.0177,37.613)]
+Perkins                       St  	[(-122.2553,37.105),(-122.2557,37.096)]
+Perlata Creek                     	[(-122.2027,37.941),(-122.2031,37.936)]
+Perlata Creek                     	[(-122.2059,37.92),(-122.2092,37.906)]
+Perlata Creek                     	[(-122.2133,37.891),(-122.214,37.885)]
+Perlata Creek                     	[(-122.2158,37.753),(-122.2155,37.739)]
+Perlata Creek                     	[(-122.21853,37.83163),(-122.2188,37.826)]
+Perry                         Road	[(-122.0265,37.846),(-122.0256,37.844)]
+Pershing                      Dr  	[(-122.1618,37.278),(-122.1613,37.271),(-122.1609,37.266)]
+Pershing                      Dr  	[(-122.1633,37.299),(-122.1628,37.291)]
+Pershing                      Dr  	[(-122.165,37.321),(-122.1645,37.315)]
+Pershing                      Dr  	[(-122.1662,37.339),(-122.1658,37.333)]
+Pestana                       Pl  	[(-121.7578,37.84),(-121.757776,37.84644)]
+Peterman                      Ave 	[(-122.0945,37.392),(-122.0918,37.421)]
+Peters                        Ave 	[(-121.8769,37.6),(-121.8763,37.608)]
+Peters                        St  	[(-122.1287,37.068),(-122.128,37.073)]
+Peterson                      St  	[(-122.232,37.733),(-122.2316,37.739)]
+Peterson                      Way 	[(-122.0967,37.162),(-122.0952,37.159)]
+Petroleum                     St  	[(-122.3168,37.13),(-122.3177,37.13)]
+Petronave                     Dr  	[(-121.8344,37.469),(-121.83751,37.55738)]
+Pickering                     Ave 	[(-121.9596,37.722),(-121.958868,37.72618)]
+Pickering                     Ave 	[(-121.964,37.698),(-121.9637,37.7)]
+Pico                          Road	[(-121.9165,37.524),(-121.9177,37.505)]
+Piedmont                      Ave 	[(-122.2511,37.644),(-122.251,37.624)]
+Piedmont                      Ave 	[(-122.2527,37.263),(-122.2521,37.268)]
+Piedmont                      Cres	[(-122.2513,37.671),(-122.2503,37.661)]
+Pierce                        Ave 	[(-122.1683,37.186),(-122.1672,37.168)]
+Pierce                        St  	[(-122.3045,37.891),(-122.3042,37.884)]
+Pike                          Ct  	[(-121.9219,37.08),(-121.9224,37.079)]
+Pimlico                       Dr  	[(-121.8616,37.998),(-121.8618,37.008)]
+Pine                          St  	[(-121.7758,37.902),(-121.7746,37.906)]
+Pine                          St  	[(-121.7784,37.894),(-121.7776,37.897)]
+Pine                          St  	[(-121.7869,37.882),(-121.7864,37.883)]
+Pine                          St  	[(-121.9216,37.243),(-121.9226,37.235)]
+Pine                          St  	[(-122.303,37.074),(-122.3026,37.084)]
+Pine                          St  	[(-122.3034,37.063),(-122.3032,37.069)]
+Pine Needle                   Dr  	[(-122.2127,37.478),(-122.2125,37.473)]
+Pinewood                      Road	[(-122.2219,37.424),(-122.2211,37.429)]
+Pinto                         Ct  	[(-122.0228,37.08),(-122.0224,37.073)]
+Piper                         St  	[(-122.216,37.39),(-122.2155,37.385)]
+Pippin                        St  	[(-122.1747,37.344),(-122.1734,37.332)]
+Pizarro                       Dr  	[(-122.025,37.556),(-122.026,37.544)]
+Placer                        Way 	[(-121.9789,37.415),(-121.9769,37.407)]
+Plata                         Way 	[(-121.9402,37.066),(-121.9394,37.069)]
+Pleasant                      Way 	[(-122.1653,37.311),(-122.1646,37.302)]
+Pleasant Hill                 Road	[(-121.9264,37.854),(-121.9268,37.86)]
+Pleasant Valley               Ct  	[(-122.2455,37.298),(-122.2439,37.305)]
+Pleasanton                    Ave 	[(-121.8782,37.636),(-121.8784,37.63)]
+Pleasanton                    Ave 	[(-121.8819,37.586),(-121.882761,37.5753)]
+Pleasanton Canal                  	[(-121.886052,37.82228),(-121.8833,37.835)]
+Pleasanton Sunol              Road	[(-121.8765,37.987),(-121.8775,37.982)]
+Pleasanton Sunol              Road	[(-121.8851,37.39),(-121.8858,37.387)]
+Pleitner                      Ave 	[(-122.2098,37.946),(-122.2094,37.953)]
+Plomosa                       Road	[(-121.9106,37.703),(-121.9102,37.696)]
+Plummer Creek                     	[(-122.0778,37.095),(-122.0852,37.069)]
+Plymouth                      Ave 	[(-121.9369,37.422),(-121.9378,37.424)]
+Plymouth                      Dr  	[(-122.0798,37.132),(-122.0802,37.11)]
+Plymouth                      St  	[(-122.1643,37.425),(-122.1641,37.418)]
+Plymouth                      St  	[(-122.1661,37.454),(-122.1652,37.44)]
+Plymouth                      St  	[(-122.1763,37.593),(-122.1758,37.586)]
+Poda                          Ct  	[(-121.9321,37.308),(-121.9315,37.312)]
+Poinciana                     Pl  	[(-121.9946,37.341),(-121.994,37.337)]
+Point Eden                    Way 	[(-122.1208,37.255),(-122.1262,37.256)]
+Polaris                       Ave 	[(-122.064185,37.84562),(-122.0647,37.84)]
+Polk                          Way 	[(-121.745,37.867),(-121.745,37.858)]
+Polvorosa                     Ct  	[(-122.0178,37.594),(-122.0174,37.591)]
+Pomar Vista                   Ave 	[(-122.0989,37.958),(-122.0973,37.969)]
+Pomona                        Way 	[(-121.743614,37.84357),(-121.7427,37.839)]
+Ponderosa                     Dr  	[(-121.749629,37.12363),(-121.74967,37.11779)]
+Pontiac                       St  	[(-122.165,37.365),(-122.1647,37.359),(-122.1643,37.354)]
+Pontiac                       St  	[(-122.1665,37.383),(-122.166309,37.3779)]
+Poplar                        Ave 	[(-122.1018,37.704),(-122.098,37.721)]
+Poplar                        Path	[(-122.2678,37.968),(-122.2687,37.967)]
+Port Sailwood                 Dr  	[(-122.0261,37.467),(-122.0265,37.463)]
+Portage                       Road	[(-121.9241,37.092),(-121.9257,37.109)]
+Portal                        Ave 	[(-122.2281,37.148),(-122.2282,37.157)]
+Portland                      Ave 	[(-122.2861,37.949),(-122.2858,37.949)]
+Portland                      Ave 	[(-122.2945,37.945),(-122.2937,37.946)]
+Portofino                     Cir 	[(-122.123984,37.08583),(-122.124375,37.08809)]
+Portola                       Ave 	[(-121.7822,37.948),(-121.7806,37.94),(-121.7794,37.935)]
+Portola                       Ave 	[(-122.2723,37.696),(-122.2713,37.691)]
+Portola                       Dr  	[(-122.019284,37.56839),(-122.0199,37.563)]
+Portola                       Dr  	[(-122.1482,37.024),(-122.1488,37.021)]
+Portola                       Dr  	[(-122.1505,37.019),(-122.1516,37.016)]
+Portsmouth                    Ave 	[(-122.1023,37.262),(-122.1013,37.254)]
+Portsmouth                    Ave 	[(-122.1064,37.315),(-122.1064,37.308)]
+Portwood                      Ave 	[(-122.2322,37.76),(-122.2317,37.765)]
+Posen                         Ave 	[(-122.2828,37.848),(-122.2822,37.85)]
+Posey                         Loop	[(-122.276,37.854),(-122.276,37.859)]
+Potawatami                    Dr  	[(-121.9238,37.063),(-121.924,37.056)]
+Powell                        St  	[(-122.2926,37.388),(-122.2937,37.387)]
+Powell                        St  	[(-122.3101,37.375),(-122.3108,37.375)]
+Prairie                       Dr  	[(-121.9124,37.667),(-121.9123,37.664)]
+Prarie                        Dr  	[(-121.9102,37.652),(-121.910115,37.65226)]
+Preda                         St  	[(-122.1686,37.244),(-122.1691,37.255)]
+Presley                       Way 	[(-122.2461,37.462),(-122.2462,37.465)]
+Preston                       Ct  	[(-121.733536,37.01447),(-121.733204,37.00955)]
+Preston                       Ct  	[(-121.9666,37.659),(-121.9652,37.668)]
+Prestwick                     Ave 	[(-122.0369,37.208),(-122.0363,37.202)]
+Prince                        Dr  	[(-121.9164,37.155),(-121.9185,37.145)]
+Prince                        St  	[(-122.2582,37.541),(-122.2568,37.543)]
+Prince                        St  	[(-122.2723,37.524),(-122.2713,37.525)]
+Prince                        St  	[(-122.2802,37.512),(-122.2794,37.514)]
+Princeton                     Ter 	[(-121.977476,37.61102),(-121.977871,37.61066)]
+Princeton                     Way 	[(-121.75,37.814),(-121.7472,37.814)]
+Proctor                       Ave 	[(-122.2222,37.364),(-122.2217,37.36)]
+Proctor                       Ave 	[(-122.2267,37.406),(-122.2251,37.386)]
+Proctor                       Road	[(-122.0671,37.192),(-122.067,37.2)]
+Proctor                       Road	[(-122.0761,37.177),(-122.073739,37.1724)]
+Prospect                      St  	[(-122.2492,37.699),(-122.249,37.695)]
+Prosperity                    Way 	[(-122.1033,37.031),(-122.1044,37.042)]
+Pueblo                        Dr  	[(-122.1748,37.269),(-122.1743,37.269)]
+Pueblo Creek                      	[(-122.0958,37.203),(-122.0965,37.205)]
+Pueblo Serena                     	[(-122.0958,37.222),(-122.0958,37.203)]
+Pueblo Spring                     	[(-122.0964,37.238),(-122.0965,37.222)]
+Puerto Vallarta                   	[(-121.8719,37.54),(-121.8728,37.528)]
+Pulaski                       Dr  	[(-122.0262,37.107),(-122.0254,37.1)]
+Pulsar                        Ave 	[(-121.7892,37.58955),(-121.7892,37.60011)]
+Purcell                       Pl  	[(-122.0249,37.718),(-122.0224,37.699)]
+Purdue                        St  	[(-122.1555,37.95),(-122.1565,37.949)]
+Pyramid                       St  	[(-121.768592,37.56164),(-121.768329,37.56198)]
+Quail Run                     Road	[(-122.0448,37.808),(-122.0439,37.805)]
+Quebec                        Ave 	[(-122.1528,37.786),(-122.1535,37.785)]
+Quebec Common                     	[(-122.051368,37.60756),(-122.05282,37.60102)]
+Queen Anne                    Dr  	[(-122.0751,37.883),(-122.077,37.865)]
+Quercus                       Ct  	[(-122.0267,37.59),(-122.0269,37.572)]
+Quigley                       Pl  	[(-122.1962,37.867),(-122.1957,37.861)]
+Quinn                         Lane	[(-122.066405,37.74794),(-122.066039,37.73557)]
+Quintana                      Ct  	[(-121.9516,37.464),(-121.9522,37.463)]
+Quintana                      Way 	[(-121.9504,37.49),(-121.9508,37.489)]
+Rachelle                      St  	[(-121.7257,37.945),(-121.7257,37.932)]
+Racine                        St  	[(-122.2622,37.494),(-122.2624,37.501)]
+Racoon Hallow                 Ct  	[(-121.914577,37.63603),(-121.913452,37.63738)]
+Radele                        Ct  	[(-122.0101,37.363),(-122.0105,37.357)]
+Ragland                       St  	[(-122.109,37.877),(-122.1089,37.872)]
+Railroad                      Ave 	[(-121.7661,37.841),(-121.7654,37.842)]
+Railroad                      Ave 	[(-121.771533,37.82472),(-121.771,37.826)]
+Railroad                      Ave 	[(-121.779215,37.79798),(-121.779265,37.79635)]
+Railroad                      Ave 	[(-121.891,37.94),(-121.8924,37.941)]
+Railroad                      Ave 	[(-122.0245,37.013),(-122.0234,37.003),(-122.0223,37.993)]
+Railroad                      Ave 	[(-122.1835,37.394),(-122.1828,37.388)]
+Rainier                       Ave 	[(-121.8009,37.803),(-121.7999,37.804)]
+Ralston Com                       	[(-121.9775,37.428),(-121.9771,37.432)]
+Ramona                        Ave 	[(-122.2391,37.291),(-122.2373,37.293)]
+Ramona                        Ave 	[(-122.244153,37.31499),(-122.243523,37.31109)]
+Rancho Arroyo                 Pkwy	[(-121.9932,37.785),(-121.9929,37.774),(-121.9926,37.769)]
+Rancho Higuera                Road	[(-121.9112,37.96),(-121.9105,37.959)]
+Randall                       Ct  	[(-122.0749,37.976),(-122.0756,37.968)]
+Randicik                      Ct  	[(-121.863424,37.95818),(-121.863445,37.9654)]
+Randy                         St  	[(-122.1517,37.809),(-122.1523,37.807)]
+Ranker                        Pl  	[(-122.0725,37.4),(-122.0737,37.395)]
+Ranspot                       Dr  	[(-122.0972,37.999),(-122.0959,37)]
+Raymond                       Road	[(-121.7462,37.306),(-121.7326,37.305)]
+Reading                       Ave 	[(-122.0779,37.874),(-122.0735,37.875)]
+Redbud                        Lane	[(-122.0969,37.627),(-122.0978,37.627)]
+Redding                       Pl  	[(-122.1919,37.843),(-122.1921,37.841)]
+Redding                       St  	[(-122.191432,37.84242),(-122.1911,37.842)]
+Redding                       St  	[(-122.1943,37.858),(-122.1934,37.854)]
+Redding                       St  	[(-122.1978,37.901),(-122.1975,37.895)]
+Redwood                       Ct  	[(-121.9142,37.69),(-121.9144,37.696)]
+Redwood                       Road	[(-122.0726,37.155),(-122.0726,37.139)]
+Redwood                       Road	[(-122.0726,37.18079),(-122.0726,37.179)]
+Redwood                       Road	[(-122.0726,37.909),(-122.0727,37.906)]
+Redwood                       Road	[(-122.0727,37.955),(-122.0727,37.948)]
+Redwood                       Road	[(-122.0736,37.393),(-122.075736,37.37634)]
+Redwood                       Road	[(-122.1493,37.98),(-122.1437,37.001)]
+Redwood                       Road	[(-122.174191,37.96191),(-122.174,37.966)]
+Redwood                       Road	[(-122.1819,37.978),(-122.1811,37.968)]
+Redwood                       Road	[(-122.1882,37.986),(-122.1877,37.986)]
+Redwood Creek                     	[(-122.1366,37.968),(-122.1302,37.918)]
+Reed                          Ave 	[(-121.7581,37.516),(-121.7559,37.516)]
+Regailia                      Ave 	[(-121.86701,37.62944),(-121.867052,37.62182)]
+Regal                         Ave 	[(-122.0839,37.468),(-122.0857,37.449)]
+Regents                       Blvd	[(-122.0662,37.779),(-122.066625,37.77216)]
+Regents                       Blvd	[(-122.0673,37.759),(-122.0677,37.751)]
+Regents                       Blvd	[(-122.0681,37.74),(-122.068,37.73)]
+Regents                       Blvd	[(-122.068594,37.80778),(-122.0681,37.805)]
+Regents                       Blvd	[(-122.077,37.865),(-122.0761,37.862)]
+Regional                      St  	[(-121.9328,37.029),(-121.9347,37.072)]
+Reinhardt                     Dr  	[(-122.1831,37.922),(-122.1828,37.918)]
+Renwick                       St  	[(-122.1989,37.797),(-122.1982,37.802)]
+Republic                      Ave 	[(-122.1688,37.046),(-122.1721,37.032)]
+Requa                         Road	[(-122.2323,37.199),(-122.2293,37.21)]
+Revere                        Ave 	[(-122.03,37.129),(-122.0287,37.129)]
+Revere                        Ave 	[(-122.1347,37.359),(-122.134,37.362)]
+Reyes                         Dr  	[(-122.0791,37.873),(-122.0787,37.873)]
+Reynolds                      Dr  	[(-122.0036,37.671),(-122.002954,37.66809)]
+Rhine                         Way 	[(-121.84112,37.58518),(-121.840944,37.56363)]
+Rhododendron                  Dr  	[(-121.74419,37.09645),(-121.7445,37.105)]
+Ribera                        Ct  	[(-122.0292,37.644),(-122.0286,37.641)]
+Ricardo                       Ave 	[(-122.1176,37.761),(-122.1148,37.745)]
+Rich                          Ave 	[(-122.0351,37.309),(-122.0354,37.303)]
+Richardson                    Way 	[(-122.2263,37.224),(-122.225,37.22)]
+Richmond                      Ave 	[(-121.9969,37.452),(-121.9975,37.442)]
+Richmond                      Blvd	[(-122.2584,37.211),(-122.2573,37.218)]
+Richmond                      Blvd	[(-122.2592,37.195),(-122.2587,37.201)]
+Ridge                         Trl 	[(-121.8615,37.438),(-121.859211,37.42899)]
+Ridge Top                     Road	[(-122.1538,37.164),(-122.1566,37.179)]
+Ridgeview                     Ter 	[(-121.970517,37.63559),(-121.970862,37.63332)]
+Ridgeway                      Ave 	[(-122.2513,37.286),(-122.2518,37.292)]
+Ridgeway                      Ave 	[(-122.2539,37.299),(-122.2548,37.302)]
+Ridgewood                     Dr  	[(-122.051305,37.59386),(-122.053772,37.58263)]
+Ridley                        Dr  	[(-121.9794,37.65),(-121.979,37.644)]
+Riley                         Dr  	[(-122.2999,37.858),(-122.299,37.86)]
+Rincon                        Ave 	[(-121.7824,37.828),(-121.7824,37.837)]
+Rispen                        Dr  	[(-122.2342,37.621),(-122.2326,37.634)]
+Riverdale                     Ct  	[(-121.9198,37.891),(-121.9201,37.893)]
+Riverside                     Ave 	[(-121.9758,37.74),(-121.9764,37.725)]
+Riviera                       Dr  	[(-122.0003,37.954),(-122.0003,37.957)]
+Riviera                       Dr  	[(-122.0003,37.96),(-122.0003,37.968)]
+Roberts                       Ave 	[(-121.9554,37.299),(-121.955,37.282)]
+Robertson                     Ave 	[(-122.0164,37.33),(-122.0173,37.318)]
+Robertson                     Ave 	[(-122.021,37.275),(-122.0213,37.27)]
+Robin                         St  	[(-121.9701,37.297),(-121.9698,37.287)]
+Robinson                      Dr  	[(-122.1825,37.096),(-122.1807,37.054)]
+Robledo                       Dr  	[(-122.1734,37.304),(-122.1706,37.281)]
+Roca                          Dr  	[(-122.0335,37.609),(-122.0314,37.599)]
+Rochelle                      Ave 	[(-122.0603,37.347),(-122.0594,37.329)]
+Rockford                      Road	[(-122.0848,37.819),(-122.0842,37.814)]
+Rockingham                    Dr  	[(-121.8681,37.948),(-121.8689,37.944)]
+Rocklin                       Dr  	[(-122.070801,37.71701),(-122.0712,37.713)]
+Rocklin                       Dr  	[(-122.0719,37.698),(-122.0722,37.689)]
+Rockridge                     Blvd	[(-122.242,37.457),(-122.2416,37.464)]
+Rockridge                     Blvd	[(-122.2424,37.454),(-122.2417,37.453)]
+Rockrose                      Dr  	[(-122.0105,37.248),(-122.0114,37.252)]
+Rockwood                      Dr  	[(-122.0128,37.492),(-122.0109,37.482)]
+Rodney Com                        	[(-121.9562,37.385),(-121.9555,37.382)]
+Rogers                        Ave 	[(-122.0044,37.43),(-122.0061,37.409)]
+Rolling Hills                 Dr  	[(-121.948386,37.07126),(-121.947082,37.07103)]
+Rolling Hills                 Dr  	[(-121.950806,37.10304),(-121.950378,37.11376)]
+Rollinghills                  Cir 	[(-121.945273,37.06404),(-121.945249,37.0671)]
+Romeo                         Pl  	[(-122.0562,37.692),(-122.0571,37.694)]
+Romey                         Lane	[(-122.0603,37.825),(-122.0587,37.825)]
+Ronald                        Ct  	[(-121.9528,37.259),(-121.9537,37.259)]
+Ronda                         St  	[(-122.125,37.865),(-122.1251,37.856)]
+Roosevelt                     Pl  	[(-121.9918,37.267),(-121.9923,37.263)]
+Rosario                       Ct  	[(-122.110662,37.79847),(-122.109931,37.78596)]
+Rose                          Ave 	[(-121.8792,37.616),(-121.8838,37.656)]
+Rose                          Ave 	[(-122.244329,37.28237),(-122.2441,37.284),(-122.2438,37.287)]
+Rose                          Ave 	[(-122.2476,37.256),(-122.2469,37.268)]
+Rose                          Dr  	[(-122.1451,37.142),(-122.1445,37.138)]
+Rose                          St  	[(-121.757,37.84),(-121.757,37.831)]
+Rose                          St  	[(-122.2586,37.834),(-122.2575,37.836)]
+Rose                          St  	[(-122.2644,37.83),(-122.263462,37.83335)]
+Rose                          St  	[(-122.2696,37.82),(-122.2689,37.82)]
+Rose                          St  	[(-122.2843,37.782),(-122.2829,37.787)]
+Rose                          St  	[(-122.2882,37.769),(-122.287,37.771)]
+Rosedale                      Ct  	[(-121.9232,37.9),(-121.924,37.897)]
+Rosegate                      Ter 	[(-121.969628,37.63263),(-121.970152,37.638)]
+Roselli                       Dr  	[(-121.7848,37.636),(-121.7848,37.628)]
+Rosemary                      Ct  	[(-121.9314,37.088),(-121.9314,37.085)]
+Rosewood                      Ct  	[(-122.0622,37.37),(-122.0618,37.372)]
+Rosewood Common                   	[(-121.964615,37.21789),(-121.964292,37.213)]
+Ross                          Cir 	[(-122.2466,37.502),(-122.2474,37.514)]
+Ross Gate                     Way 	[(-121.8794,37.845),(-121.8818,37.836)]
+Rothchild                     Ct  	[(-121.950257,37.08452),(-121.951086,37.08115)]
+Roundhill                     Dr  	[(-122.0376,37.542),(-122.0377,37.536)]
+Rousillon                     Ave 	[(-122.046,37.672),(-122.0451,37.674)]
+Roxanne                       St  	[(-121.7288,37.853),(-121.7287,37.849)]
+Roxbury                       Ave 	[(-122.1354,37.339),(-122.1346,37.336)]
+Roxbury                       Lane	[(-122.0333,37.615),(-122.0329,37.618)]
+Roxbury                       Lane	[(-122.0359,37.623),(-122.0356,37.619)]
+Royal Ann                     Dr  	[(-122.0267,37.889),(-122.0268,37.88)]
+Royal Ann                     Dr  	[(-122.0273,37.871),(-122.0278,37.862)]
+Royal Ann                     St  	[(-122.1696,37.367),(-122.1691,37.362)]
+Royal Ann                     St  	[(-122.1705,37.38),(-122.1702,37.376)]
+Royal Palm                    Dr  	[(-121.9945,37.315),(-121.9922,37.303)]
+Ruby                          Road	[(-121.8029,37.688),(-121.8023,37.68)]
+Ruby                          St  	[(-122.0765,37.815),(-122.0751,37.802)]
+Rudsdale                      St  	[(-122.1855,37.552),(-122.1849,37.547)]
+Rugby                         Ave 	[(-122.274,37.045),(-122.2738,37.037)]
+Running Hills                 Ave 	[(-121.7262,37.22),(-121.7238,37.213)]
+Ruschin                       Dr  	[(-122.0397,37.459),(-122.0393,37.465)]
+Russell                       Ave 	[(-122.1694,37.819),(-122.1687,37.845)]
+Russell                       St  	[(-122.2661,37.569),(-122.2652,37.571)]
+Russell                       St  	[(-122.2695,37.564),(-122.2684,37.566)]
+Russell                       Way 	[(-122.08,37.771),(-122.0781,37.783)]
+Russet                        St  	[(-122.1758,37.361),(-122.1753,37.355)]
+Rutgers                       Way 	[(-121.7421,37.744),(-121.742,37.739)]
+Ruth                          Ct  	[(-122.1301,37.004),(-122.1288,37.002)]
+Ruth                          Way 	[(-121.7928,37.766),(-121.792,37.767)]
+Ruth Glen                         	[(-121.9121,37.281),(-121.9124,37.278)]
+Ruus                          Road	[(-122.0667,37.296),(-122.066,37.28)]
+Sabercat                      Road	[(-121.9396,37.176),(-121.9388,37.165),(-121.937,37.159)]
+Sabercat                      Road	[(-121.9453,37.266),(-121.944385,37.25156),(-121.9408,37.195)]
+Sable Pointe                      	[(-122.2393,37.439),(-122.24,37.434)]
+Sable Pointe                      	[(-122.241,37.424),(-122.2416,37.418)]
+Sacramento                    Ave 	[(-121.9861,37.44),(-121.9865,37.436)]
+Sacramento                    St  	[(-122.277606,37.50815),(-122.277616,37.50591)]
+Sacramento                    St  	[(-122.2799,37.606),(-122.2797,37.597)]
+Sacramento                    St  	[(-122.2813,37.703),(-122.2811,37.695)]
+Saddle Brook                  Dr  	[(-122.1478,37.909),(-122.1454,37.904),(-122.1451,37.888)]
+Saginaw                       Ct  	[(-121.8803,37.898),(-121.8806,37.901)]
+Saguare Com                       	[(-121.9049,37.022),(-121.9043,37.017)]
+Sailway                       Dr  	[(-121.9673,37.495),(-121.9686,37.502)]
+Salem                         St  	[(-122.2794,37.361),(-122.2796,37.368)]
+Salem                         St  	[(-122.2832,37.474),(-122.2835,37.479)]
+Salinas                       Pl  	[(-122.041,37.689),(-122.0404,37.686)]
+Salisbury                     St  	[(-122.2162,37.863),(-122.2146,37.848)]
+Salton Sea                    Lane	[(-122.0597,37.88),(-122.0591,37.869)]
+San Andreas                   Dr  	[(-122.0592,37.957),(-122.0585,37.954)]
+San Andreas                   Dr  	[(-122.0609,37.9),(-122.0614,37.895)]
+San Andreas                   Dr  	[(-122.0621,37.973),(-122.0614,37.972)]
+San Andreas                   Dr  	[(-122.0635,37.878),(-122.0648,37.891)]
+San Andreas                   Dr  	[(-122.0658,37.907),(-122.0661,37.914)]
+San Andreas                   Dr  	[(-122.0668,37.926),(-122.0672,37.931)]
+San Antonio                   Ave 	[(-122.2585,37.679),(-122.2566,37.672)]
+San Antonio                   St  	[(-122.0472,37.155),(-122.0477,37.108)]
+San Antonio                   Way 	[(-122.2323,37.891),(-122.2314,37.886)]
+San Antonio Creek                 	[(-121.8722,37.759),(-121.8641,37.771)]
+San Antonio Reservoir             	[(-121.8487,37.728),(-121.8359,37.67)]
+San Bernardino                Way 	[(-122.0621,37.936),(-122.0628,37.933)]
+San Carlos                    Ave 	[(-122.0912,37.941),(-122.0899,37.94)]
+San Carlos                    Ave 	[(-122.2886,37.931),(-122.2885,37.91)]
+San Carlos                    Walk	[(-122.2087,37.795),(-122.208,37.789)]
+San Clemente                  St  	[(-122.0511,37.188),(-122.051,37.177)]
+San Franciscan                Dr  	[(-122.0589,37.24),(-122.0582,37.246)]
+San Francisco Bay                 	[(-122.108,37.032),(-122.1048,37.001)]
+San Francisco Bay                 	[(-122.3115,37.814),(-122.3096,37.777)]
+San Francisco Bay                 	[(-122.3176,37.669),(-122.3108,37.652)]
+San Jose                      Ave 	[(-122.2423,37.594),(-122.2409,37.586)]
+San Jose                      Ave 	[(-122.2455,37.609),(-122.2445,37.605)]
+San Jose                      Ave 	[(-122.2543,37.65),(-122.251,37.635)]
+San Jose                      Ct  	[(-122.0563,37.922),(-122.055864,37.91921)]
+San Juan                      St  	[(-122.2158,37.803),(-122.2149,37.795)]
+San Leandro                   Blvd	[(-122.1557,37.174),(-122.1545,37.168)]
+San Leandro                   St  	[(-122.1703,37.323),(-122.1689,37.312)]
+San Leandro                   St  	[(-122.1717,37.335),(-122.1709,37.329)]
+San Leandro                   St  	[(-122.2195,37.721),(-122.2186,37.716)]
+San Leandro                   St  	[(-122.2251,37.748),(-122.2242,37.743)]
+San Leandro Bay                   	[(-122.2241,37.553),(-122.2253,37.542)]
+San Leandro Creek                 	[(-122.154489,37.27978),(-122.155,37.281)]
+San Leandro Creek                 	[(-122.175792,37.24864),(-122.1807,37.247)]
+San Leandro Creek Canal           	[(-122.2081,37.409),(-122.2076,37.401)]
+San Lorenzo                   Ave 	[(-122.2861,37.93),(-122.2857,37.929)]
+San Lorenzo Creek                 	[(-122.0544,37.907),(-122.0547,37.908)]
+San Lorenzo Creek                 	[(-122.063257,37.85966),(-122.064271,37.85339)]
+San Lorenzo Creek                 	[(-122.0741,37.799),(-122.0757,37.789)]
+San Lorenzo Creek                 	[(-122.117293,37.85868),(-122.120139,37.85739)]
+San Lorenzo Creek                 	[(-122.124957,37.853),(-122.1271,37.849)]
+San Lorenzo Creek                 	[(-122.1539,37.747),(-122.1616,37.703)]
+San Luces                     Way 	[(-122.0672,37.963),(-122.0695,37.954)]
+San Luis                      Ct  	[(-121.8768,37.483),(-121.8766,37.474)]
+San Luis                      Ct  	[(-122.065,37.975),(-122.0657,37.973)]
+San Luis                      Road	[(-122.271,37.959),(-122.2701,37.933)]
+San Marco                     Way 	[(-122.0666,37.95),(-122.0687,37.942)]
+San Mateo                     Road	[(-122.2724,37.925),(-122.2728,37.928)]
+San Mateo                     Way 	[(-122.0609,37.926),(-122.061842,37.92391)]
+San Miguel                    Ave 	[(-122.0793,37.052),(-122.079224,37.0254)]
+San Miguel                    Ave 	[(-122.0801,37.927),(-122.08,37.911)]
+San Moreno                    Ct  	[(-121.954,37.576),(-121.9532,37.558)]
+San Pablo                     Ave 	[(-122.2718,37.084),(-122.2721,37.093)]
+San Pablo                     Ave 	[(-122.2797,37.326),(-122.2798,37.332)]
+San Pablo                     Ave 	[(-122.2822,37.405),(-122.2824,37.411)]
+San Pablo                     Ave 	[(-122.2834,37.442),(-122.2838,37.45)]
+San Pablo                     Ave 	[(-122.2859,37.518),(-122.2857,37.515)]
+San Pablo                     Ave 	[(-122.2864,37.537),(-122.2862,37.532)]
+San Pablo                     Ave 	[(-122.2922,37.725),(-122.2922,37.716),(-122.2918,37.704)]
+San Pablo                     Ave 	[(-122.2961,37.84),(-122.2959,37.832)]
+San Rafael                    St  	[(-122.1398,37.225),(-122.1395,37.219)]
+San Ramon                     Road	[(-121.937288,37.09164),(-121.937307,37.0922)]
+San Sabana                    Road	[(-121.9402,37.066),(-121.9402,37.095)]
+Sandalwood                    St  	[(-122.0347,37.493),(-122.0327,37.483)]
+Sandburg                      Way 	[(-122.0625,37.226),(-122.0625,37.203)]
+Sandelin                      Ave 	[(-122.1351,37.294),(-122.1343,37.298)]
+Sandringham                   Road	[(-122.2139,37.183),(-122.2142,37.179)]
+Sandringham                   Road	[(-122.2155,37.175),(-122.2163,37.165)]
+Sandy                         Road	[(-122.0643,37.089),(-122.0645,37.086)]
+Sandy Hook                    Dr  	[(-122.0615,37.22),(-122.062,37.221)]
+Sanford                       St  	[(-122.1546,37.737),(-122.1543,37.728)]
+Sangamore                     St  	[(-122.1069,37.471),(-122.1076,37.468)]
+Santa Barbara                 Road	[(-122.2679,37.928),(-122.2666,37.92)]
+Santa Clara                   Ave 	[(-122.2509,37.695),(-122.2479,37.682)]
+Santa Clara                   Ave 	[(-122.254714,37.71317),(-122.254,37.71)]
+Santa Clara                   Ave 	[(-122.2551,37.211),(-122.254,37.205)]
+Santa Clara                   Ave 	[(-122.2787,37.736),(-122.2761,37.736)]
+Santa Clara                   Ave 	[(-122.2791,37.994),(-122.2798,37.989)]
+Santa Clara                   St  	[(-122.0901,37.496),(-122.0885,37.485)]
+Santa Clara                   St  	[(-122.0923,37.51),(-122.0919,37.504)]
+Santa Clara                   St  	[(-122.1009,37.618),(-122.1006,37.613)]
+Santa Clara                   St  	[(-122.1012,37.667),(-122.1012,37.66389),(-122.1012,37.65718)]
+Santa Clara                   Way 	[(-121.7539,37.854),(-121.7508,37.856),(-121.75,37.856)]
+Santa Fe                      Ave 	[(-122.2899,37.817),(-122.2899,37.815)]
+Santa Maria                   Ave 	[(-122.0773,37),(-122.0773,37.98)]
+Santa Maria                   Dr  	[(-122.0633,37.965),(-122.0624,37.961)]
+Santa Paula                       	[(-122.1607,37.848),(-122.1596,37.834)]
+Santa Ray                     Ave 	[(-122.2393,37.122),(-122.2381,37.113)]
+Santa Rita                    Road	[(-121.872608,37.75282),(-121.8731,37.766)]
+Santa Rita                    Road	[(-121.877461,37.9142),(-121.8775,37.922)]
+Santa Rita                    St  	[(-122.2065,37.804),(-122.2058,37.796)]
+Santa Rita                    St  	[(-122.2129,37.832),(-122.2104,37.839)]
+Santa Rosa                    St  	[(-122.1506,37.247),(-122.1502,37.238)]
+Santa Rosa                    St  	[(-122.1513,37.265),(-122.1509,37.256)]
+Santa Teresa                      	[(-122.1576,37.826),(-122.1565,37.812),(-122.1553,37.797)]
+Santa Teresa Com                  	[(-121.9505,37.564),(-121.9496,37.559)]
+Santee                        Road	[(-122.0371,37.691),(-122.0376,37.685)]
+Santiago                      Road	[(-122.176,37.962),(-122.1756,37.956)]
+Santo                         Ct  	[(-121.946172,37.10869),(-121.947136,37.10367)]
+Saratoga                      St  	[(-122.1024,37.997),(-122.1019,37.997)]
+Sarazen                       Ave 	[(-122.1539,37.58),(-122.1532,37.585)]
+Saroni                        Dr  	[(-122.1954,37.345),(-122.1944,37.347)]
+Saturn                        Dr  	[(-122.1283,37.145),(-122.1238,37.117)]
+Sausal Creek                      	[(-122.2126,37.122),(-122.213944,37.10691)]
+Sausal Creek                      	[(-122.215521,37.03532),(-122.216544,37.01827)]
+Sausal Creek                      	[(-122.2175,37.985),(-122.218,37.982)]
+Sausal Creek                      	[(-122.218,37.982),(-122.218834,37.9583)]
+Sausal Creek                      	[(-122.219108,37.9487),(-122.2193,37.942),(-122.219513,37.93313)]
+Sausal Creek                      	[(-122.2217,37.893),(-122.2221,37.884)]
+Sausal Creek                      	[(-122.2228,37.862),(-122.2232,37.856)]
+Scarborough                   Dr  	[(-122.0362,37.568),(-122.0362,37.556)]
+Scarborough                   Dr  	[(-122.1993,37.214),(-122.1999,37.24),(-122.1994,37.241)]
+Scenic                        Ave 	[(-121.7262,37.171),(-121.7232,37.171)]
+Scenic                        Ave 	[(-121.7314,37.171),(-121.7305,37.17)]
+Scenic                        Ave 	[(-121.7414,37.166),(-121.73802,37.16978)]
+Scenic                        Ave 	[(-122.2282,37.278),(-122.2284,37.296)]
+Scenic                        Ave 	[(-122.2619,37.762),(-122.2617,37.749)]
+Scenicview                    Dr  	[(-122.1354,37.26),(-122.1325,37.252)]
+School                        St  	[(-122.1378,37.209),(-122.1369,37.199),(-122.1364,37.197)]
+School                        St  	[(-122.2116,37.945),(-122.2103,37.94)]
+School                        Way 	[(-122.0838,37.18),(-122.0833,37.177)]
+Schooner Hill                     	[(-122.2263,37.56),(-122.2269,37.564)]
+Schuster                      Ave 	[(-122.0854,37.081),(-122.0854,37.074)]
+Scott                         Pl  	[(-122.0802,37.38),(-122.0815,37.381)]
+Scott Creek                       	[(-121.8694,37.814),(-121.8694,37.803)]
+Scott Creek                   Road	[(-121.8999,37.678),(-121.8975,37.685)]
+Scott Creek                   Road	[(-121.9047,37.667),(-121.9034,37.67)]
+Scott Creek                   Road	[(-121.9098,37.651),(-121.9086,37.655)]
+Sea Bridge                    Way 	[(-122.2364,37.426),(-122.2359,37.417)]
+Sea View                      Pkwy	[(-122.242913,37.47248),(-122.2421,37.472),(-122.2411,37.471)]
+Sea View                      Pkwy	[(-122.2499,37.466),(-122.2496,37.468)]
+Sea View                      Pkwy	[(-122.253,37.455),(-122.2519,37.457)]
+Sea View                      Pkwy	[(-122.2547,37.434),(-122.255,37.439)]
+Seal Rock                     Ter 	[(-122.033374,37.69186),(-122.0335,37.692),(-122.0338,37.694)]
+Seaver                        St  	[(-122.1016,37.427),(-122.1016,37.419)]
+Seaview                       Ave 	[(-122.0623,37.113),(-122.0599,37.111)]
+Seawall                       Dr  	[(-122.316154,37.63126),(-122.315489,37.60045)]
+Segovia                       Pl  	[(-121.9478,37.596),(-121.9489,37.585)]
+Selkirk                       St  	[(-121.9798,37.336),(-121.9796,37.331)]
+Seminary                      Ave 	[(-122.1772,37.796),(-122.1756,37.798)]
+Seminary                      Ave 	[(-122.1814,37.772),(-122.1807,37.778)]
+Seneca                        St  	[(-122.03,37.122),(-122.03,37.115)]
+Seneca Park                   Ave 	[(-121.9649,37.17),(-121.9653,37.167)]
+Senior                        Ave 	[(-122.2487,37.826),(-122.2473,37.827)]
+Sequoia                       Road	[(-122.0013,37.617),(-122.001192,37.61346)]
+Sequoia                       Ter 	[(-121.997978,37.6571),(-121.997403,37.66696)]
+Seven Hills                   Road	[(-122.0876,37.1),(-122.086344,37.1012),(-122.0855,37.102)]
+Severn                        Dr  	[(-122.0359,37.584),(-122.0368,37.571)]
+Severn                        Pl  	[(-122.0363,37.586),(-122.0367,37.581)]
+Sevilla                       Road	[(-122.0829,37.809),(-122.0831,37.81)]
+Seville                       Pl  	[(-121.9514,37.522),(-121.9522,37.518)]
+Sextus                        Road	[(-122.1938,37.33),(-122.1896,37.327)]
+Seymour                       Pl  	[(-122.0357,37.84),(-122.0367,37.837)]
+Shadow Ridge                  Dr  	[(-122.041,37.144),(-122.0411,37.162)]
+Shady Creek                   Road	[(-121.913106,37.24701),(-121.914087,37.24475)]
+Shafer Creek                      	[(-121.681036,37.12545),(-121.694801,37.25112)]
+Shafter                       Ave 	[(-122.2539,37.418),(-122.2527,37.434)]
+Shafter                       Ave 	[(-122.2569,37.383),(-122.2556,37.399)]
+Shafter                       Ave 	[(-122.2586,37.313),(-122.2583,37.323)]
+Shamrock                      Pl  	[(-121.929,37.24),(-121.9295,37.247)]
+Shannon                       Ave 	[(-121.94218,37.14137),(-121.9418,37.142)]
+Shasta                        St  	[(-121.802842,37.889),(-121.802801,37.8826)]
+Shattuck                      Ave 	[(-122.053676,37.61223),(-122.052619,37.61591)]
+Shattuck                      Ave 	[(-122.2633,37.339),(-122.2634,37.347)]
+Shattuck                      Ave 	[(-122.2648,37.468),(-122.2648,37.474)]
+Shattuck                      Ave 	[(-122.2675,37.712),(-122.2674,37.704)]
+Shattuck                      Ave 	[(-122.2683,37.776),(-122.2683,37.766)]
+Shattuck                      Ave 	[(-122.2686,37.904),(-122.2686,37.897)]
+Shaw                          St  	[(-122.1518,37.459),(-122.1511,37.455)]
+Sheffield                     Lane	[(-122.0511,37.006),(-122.051292,37.00178)]
+Sheffield                     Road	[(-122.1032,37.097),(-122.1026,37.095)]
+Sheffield                     Road	[(-122.241,37.45),(-122.2413,37.446)]
+Sheffield                     Road	[(-122.2421,37.44),(-122.2427,37.437)]
+Sheffield                     Road	[(-122.2457,37.441),(-122.2448,37.44)]
+Sheila                        St  	[(-122.0453,37.852),(-122.045,37.847)]
+Sheldon                       St  	[(-122.146,37.455),(-122.1454,37.451)]
+Shepherd                      Ave 	[(-122.0707,37.383),(-122.0737,37.367)]
+Shepherd Canyon               Road	[(-122.1845,37.355),(-122.1835,37.355)]
+Shepherd Canyon               Road	[(-122.1988,37.302),(-122.196132,37.31137)]
+Shepherd Canyon               Road	[(-122.2052,37.245),(-122.2027,37.236)]
+Sheridan                      Road	[(-121.901114,37.58914),(-121.899,37.574)]
+Sheridan                      Road	[(-122.2279,37.425),(-122.2253,37.411),(-122.2223,37.377)]
+Sherman                       St  	[(-122.2628,37.781),(-122.2627,37.787)]
+Sherman                       St  	[(-122.263,37.695),(-122.262932,37.70799)]
+Sherman                       St  	[(-122.2631,37.667),(-122.2631,37.674)]
+Sherry                        Ct  	[(-121.7642,37.736),(-121.76437,37.73958)]
+Sherwood                      Lane	[(-122.2474,37.467),(-122.246514,37.45985)]
+Shiela                        Way 	[(-122.0734,37.757),(-122.073,37.75)]
+Shinn                         St  	[(-121.9818,37.64),(-121.9817,37.636)]
+Shirley                       Ave 	[(-122.1157,37.717),(-122.117,37.712)]
+Shoreline                     Dr  	[(-122.2638,37.596),(-122.2607,37.584)]
+Shoreline                     Dr  	[(-122.2657,37.603),(-122.2648,37.6)]
+Shoreline                     Dr  	[(-122.2714,37.626),(-122.2691,37.616)]
+Shylock                       Dr  	[(-122.0488,37.748),(-122.0486,37.74)]
+Sidney                        Ave 	[(-122.1279,37.096),(-122.1274,37.1)]
+Sigourney Elysian Fields      Dr  	[(-122.127563,37.66495),(-122.1275,37.649)]
+Sigourney Elysian Fields      Dr  	[(-122.128,37.674),(-122.1277,37.667)]
+Silva                         Lane	[(-122.237019,37.28132),(-122.235461,37.27888)]
+Silvergate                    Dr  	[(-121.941,37.097),(-121.9402,37.095)]
+Simm                          Ct  	[(-121.9757,37.15),(-121.9748,37.153)]
+Simmons                       St  	[(-122.1881,37.803),(-122.1874,37.805)]
+Sims                          Dr  	[(-122.21,37.207),(-122.2101,37.237)]
+Simson                        St  	[(-122.1693,37.737),(-122.1687,37.74)]
+Sinbad Creek                      	[(-121.9177,37.343),(-121.9202,37.366)]
+Sinbad Creek                      	[(-121.9498,37.613),(-121.9556,37.643)]
+Singing Hills                 Ave 	[(-121.7262,37.199),(-121.7237,37.206)]
+Singleton                     Ave 	[(-122.2896,37.87397),(-122.288161,37.87394)]
+Sioux                         Ct  	[(-121.926147,37.14374),(-121.9248,37.122)]
+Sioux                         Dr  	[(-121.928,37.142),(-121.926147,37.14374)]
+Siward                        Dr  	[(-122.043286,37.63282),(-122.043581,37.63639)]
+Siward                        Dr  	[(-122.044259,37.64617),(-122.044499,37.6493)]
+Siward                        Dr  	[(-122.046199,37.68158),(-122.046,37.672)]
+Siward                        Dr  	[(-122.047527,37.71764),(-122.0475,37.716)]
+Skylark                       Dr  	[(-122.0117,37.839),(-122.011,37.835)]
+Skylark                       Dr  	[(-122.0192,37.85),(-122.0186,37.848)]
+Skyline                       Blvd	[(-122.1409,37.819),(-122.1307,37.73)]
+Skyline                       Blvd	[(-122.144,37.851),(-122.1409,37.829)]
+Skyline                       Blvd	[(-122.1701,37.988),(-122.167,37.982)]
+Skyline                       Blvd	[(-122.1738,37.01),(-122.1714,37.996)]
+Skyline                       Blvd	[(-122.1772,37.039),(-122.1774,37.037)]
+Skyline                       Blvd	[(-122.1865,37.25),(-122.186,37.247)]
+Skyline                       Blvd	[(-122.1885,37.275),(-122.1873,37.266)]
+Skyline                       Blvd	[(-122.1965,37.405),(-122.190866,37.38122)]
+Skyline                       Blvd	[(-122.2091,37.506),(-122.2076,37.506)]
+Skyline                       Dr  	[(-122.0277,37.5),(-122.0284,37.498)]
+Skyview                       Dr  	[(-122.1276,37.242),(-122.1274,37.244)]
+Skywest                       Dr  	[(-122.1161,37.62),(-122.1123,37.586)]
+Sleepy Hollow                 Ave 	[(-122.093,37.35),(-122.0927,37.343)]
+Sleepy Hollow                 Ave 	[(-122.1003,37.335),(-122.1008,37.332)]
+Sleepy Hollow                 Ave 	[(-122.1045,37.316),(-122.1054,37.315)]
+Slender                       Ct  	[(-122.0565,37.73),(-122.055,37.735)]
+Smalley                       Ave 	[(-122.095194,37.69714),(-122.0945,37.7)]
+Smith                         St  	[(-122.0727,37.965),(-122.0742,37.964)]
+Smith                         St  	[(-122.0759,37.963),(-122.0778,37.964)]
+Snake                         Road	[(-122.206567,37.27603),(-122.2062,37.281),(-122.2057,37.292)]
+Snake                         Road	[(-122.2066,37.331),(-122.2048,37.345)]
+Sodaville                     Ct  	[(-121.9266,37.029),(-121.9278,37.033)]
+Solano                        Ave 	[(-122.1131,37.735),(-122.1161,37.724)]
+Solano                        Ave 	[(-122.2829,37.912),(-122.2819,37.913)]
+Solano                        Ave 	[(-122.2871,37.91),(-122.2867,37.91)]
+Solano                        Ave 	[(-122.289,37.909),(-122.2885,37.91)]
+Solano                        Way 	[(-122.0773,37.921),(-122.0785,37.921)]
+Solano                        Way 	[(-122.2451,37.889),(-122.2443,37.885)]
+Solomon                       Lane	[(-122.2372,37.299),(-122.2374,37.3)]
+Somerset                      Ave 	[(-122.0827,37.016),(-122.0811,37.016)]
+Somerset                      Ave 	[(-122.0893,37.006),(-122.0885,37.008)]
+Somerset                      Ave 	[(-122.0907,37.003),(-122.0899,37.005)]
+Somerset                      Ave 	[(-122.0936,37.994),(-122.0922,37.998)]
+Somerset                      Pl  	[(-122.0295,37.49),(-122.0299,37.485)]
+Somerset                      Pl  	[(-122.2732,37.949),(-122.27246,37.94689)]
+Sonoma                        Ave 	[(-122.2776,37.858),(-122.2765,37.856)]
+Sonoma                        Dr  	[(-121.8796,37.487),(-121.8799,37.488)]
+Soquel                        St  	[(-122.0664,37.711),(-122.0657,37.707)]
+Sora Com                          	[(-122.043,37.743),(-122.0428,37.746)]
+Sorani                        Way 	[(-122.0785,37.172),(-122.0782,37.171)]
+Soto                          Road	[(-122.0812,37.561),(-122.0798,37.545)]
+South                         Road	[(-121.8941,37.283),(-121.894,37.279)]
+South Bay Aqueduct                	[(-121.6786,37.942),(-121.676067,37.8981)]
+South Dry Creek Branch            	[(-122.0168,37.083),(-122.0173,37.084)]
+South Fork Trout Creek            	[(-121.658085,37.99874),(-121.657591,37.02423)]
+South Front                   Road	[(-121.7116,37.134),(-121.7092,37.145)]
+South Front                   Road	[(-121.723953,37.0797),(-121.722,37.062)]
+South Front                   Road	[(-121.738379,37.02183),(-121.737947,37.02335)]
+Southampton                   Ave 	[(-122.2745,37.948),(-122.2742,37.962)]
+Southern Pacific Railroad         	[(-121.558002,37.00663),(-121.576,37.136)]
+Southern Pacific Railroad         	[(-121.6695,37.391),(-121.666889,37.41337)]
+Southern Pacific Railroad         	[(-121.7674,37.843),(-121.7686,37.84)]
+Southern Pacific Railroad         	[(-122.3002,37.674),(-122.2999,37.661)]
+Southlake Com                     	[(-121.9572,37.113),(-121.9565,37.116)]
+Southwick                     Ct  	[(-121.9441,37.185),(-121.9436,37.18)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.7182,37.017),(-121.7162,37.025)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.8204,37.746),(-121.8139,37.753)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.8591,37.701),(-121.8586,37.705)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.8699,37.631),(-121.8678,37.651)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.87958,37.88603),(-121.880675,37.89396)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.893564,37.99009),(-121.897,37.016)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.8977,37.022),(-121.9022,37.054)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.9271,37.788),(-121.9185,37.626)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.950757,37.25243),(-121.9506,37.25)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.9565,37.898),(-121.9562,37.9)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.9684,37.715),(-121.9669,37.701),(-121.9655,37.69)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.9736,37.616),(-121.9737,37.608)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-121.993831,37.81669),(-121.992146,37.8107)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.0257,37.349),(-122.0289,37.31)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.0315,37.251),(-122.0292,37.24)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.0321,37.271),(-122.0347,37.265)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.0386,37.133),(-122.0335,37.089)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.0414,37.268),(-122.042509,37.26338)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.0553,37.212),(-122.0652,37.134),(-122.0654,37.131)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.0594,37.75),(-122.0593,37.743)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.0626,37.857),(-122.0616,37.845)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.0734,37.001),(-122.0734,37.997)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.076691,37.99914),(-122.075907,37.99243)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.086,37.079),(-122.081,37.036)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.0914,37.601),(-122.087,37.56),(-122.086408,37.5551)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.10629,37.73042),(-122.1054,37.723)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.1129,37.315),(-122.1125,37.311)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.121,37.857),(-122.1187,37.837)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.137,37.576),(-122.1327,37.53)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.137792,37.003),(-122.1365,37.992),(-122.131257,37.94612)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.172213,37.03399),(-122.1678,37.059)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.1748,37.322),(-122.174,37.315)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.1785,37.355),(-122.178,37.351)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.17894,37.32386),(-122.179281,37.31827),(-122.1807,37.295)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.1801,37.115),(-122.178,37.088)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.1947,37.497),(-122.193328,37.4848)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2269,37.73),(-122.2272,37.726)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2281,37.761),(-122.2268,37.753)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2346,37.727),(-122.2343,37.726)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2411,37.85),(-122.2359,37.814)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2506,37.891),(-122.2501,37.889)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2724,37.946),(-122.2713,37.942)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2737,37.774),(-122.2731,37.765)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2744,37.802),(-122.2743,37.795)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.275429,37.88474),(-122.2754,37.883)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2853,37.355),(-122.2847,37.334)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2864,37.393),(-122.2881,37.387)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2888,37.383),(-122.2893,37.38)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2898,37.349),(-122.2887,37.319),(-122.2883,37.307)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2939,37.484),(-122.2936,37.475)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.2965,37.56),(-122.2959,37.545)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.305229,37.83926),(-122.3049,37.822)]
+Sp Railroad                       	[(-122.3086,37.087),(-122.31,37.085)]
+Spady                         St  	[(-121.9689,37.424),(-121.969174,37.41761)]
+Sparrow                       Dr  	[(-121.9331,37.139),(-121.9328,37.134)]
+Sparrow                       Road	[(-122.0827,37.209),(-122.0826,37.203)]
+Spence                        Ave 	[(-121.9733,37.616),(-121.9728,37.619)]
+Spetti                        Dr  	[(-121.9684,37.665),(-121.9696,37.658)]
+Spinnaker                     Way 	[(-122.3138,37.694),(-122.3171,37.687)]
+Spoonbill Common                  	[(-122.043662,37.66522),(-122.043425,37.66065)]
+Spring                        St  	[(-121.8702,37.62),(-121.871,37.621)]
+Springbrook                   Lane	[(-122.057162,37.29952),(-122.056705,37.29151)]
+Springdale                    Ave 	[(-121.9196,37.845),(-121.92,37.854)]
+Springdale                    Ave 	[(-121.9229,37.884),(-121.9233,37.888)]
+Springfield                   St  	[(-122.1598,37.485),(-122.1597,37.477)]
+Springhouse                   Dr  	[(-121.883683,37.89587),(-121.880871,37.89125)]
+Springlake                    Dr  	[(-122.133113,37.93134),(-122.134,37.93)]
+Springtown                    Blvd	[(-121.74,37.039),(-121.7407,37.059)]
+Springtown                    Blvd	[(-121.743242,37.07568),(-121.745,37.088)]
+Spruce                        St  	[(-122.0506,37.327),(-122.0496,37.322)]
+Spruce                        St  	[(-122.0566,37.368),(-122.0565,37.361)]
+Spruce                        St  	[(-122.1578,37.994),(-122.1586,37.991)]
+Spruce                        St  	[(-122.2398,37.048),(-122.2393,37.056)]
+Spruce                        St  	[(-122.2659,37.849),(-122.2655,37.839)]
+Spruce                        St  	[(-122.2698,37.99),(-122.2693,37.981)]
+St Anthony                    Dr  	[(-121.939,37.474),(-121.9385,37.471)]
+St Charles                    St  	[(-122.2654,37.763),(-122.2653,37.773)]
+St Johns                      St  	[(-121.8764,37.643),(-121.8777,37.646)]
+St Matthew                    Dr  	[(-122.024,37.394),(-122.0234,37.391)]
+St Michael                    Cir 	[(-121.853648,37.6251),(-121.853779,37.61796)]
+Stacy                         St  	[(-122.1218,37.544),(-122.1199,37.532)]
+Stadium                       Way 	[(-121.758155,37.66715),(-121.757912,37.66728)]
+Stagecoach                    Road	[(-121.921401,37.27049),(-121.9218,37.277)]
+Stalker                       Way 	[(-122.264,37.807),(-122.2672,37.816)]
+Stanford                      Ave 	[(-122.2764,37.438),(-122.2773,37.433)]
+Stanford                      Ave 	[(-122.2781,37.43),(-122.2802,37.42)]
+Stanford                      Way 	[(-121.7451,37.826),(-121.743925,37.82264)]
+Stanford                      Way 	[(-121.7473,37.828),(-121.7459,37.826)]
+Stanley                       Ave 	[(-121.9621,37.242),(-121.9632,37.24)]
+Stanley                       Ave 	[(-122.1504,37.485),(-122.15,37.478),(-122.1498,37.469)]
+Stanley                       Blvd	[(-121.7971,37.769),(-121.7948,37.772)]
+Stanley                       Blvd	[(-121.8705,37.659),(-121.871,37.66)]
+Stannage                      Ave 	[(-122.2939,37.844),(-122.2939,37.828)]
+Stannage                      Ave 	[(-122.297,37.939),(-122.2965,37.923)]
+Stanton                       Ave 	[(-122.0889,37.939),(-122.0885,37.928)]
+Stanton                       Ave 	[(-122.0953,37.027),(-122.0944,37.022)]
+Stanton                       Ave 	[(-122.100392,37.0697),(-122.099513,37.06052)]
+Stanton Hill                  Road	[(-122.0935,37.963),(-122.0929,37.964)]
+Stanwood                      Ave 	[(-122.0839,37.416),(-122.0839,37.409)]
+Star View                     Ct  	[(-122.2251,37.516),(-122.2248,37.511)]
+Starflower                    Way 	[(-121.7298,37.099),(-121.7323,37.095)]
+Starling                      Dr  	[(-122.015929,37.82489),(-122.0171,37.83)]
+Starlite                      Way 	[(-121.9167,37.738),(-121.9162,37.745)]
+Starr                         Ct  	[(-121.9238,37.371),(-121.9246,37.373)]
+Starr                         Ct  	[(-121.9249,37.373),(-121.92514,37.3722)]
+Starr                         St  	[(-121.9213,37.378),(-121.9216,37.376)]
+Starview                      Dr  	[(-122.1248,37.197),(-122.1231,37.201)]
+Starward                      Dr  	[(-121.9356,37.103),(-121.936,37.109)]
+Starward                      Dr  	[(-121.9361,37.115),(-121.9363,37.128)]
+State Hwy 123                     	[(-122.3004,37.986),(-122.2998,37.969),(-122.2995,37.962),(-122.2992,37.952),(-122.299,37.942),(-122.2987,37.935),(-122.2984,37.924),(-122.2982,37.92),(-122.2976,37.904),(-122.297,37.88),(-122.2966,37.869),(-122.2959,37.848),(-122.2961,37.843)]
+State Hwy 13                      	[(-122.1797,37.943),(-122.179871,37.91849),(-122.18,37.9),(-122.179023,37.86615),(-122.1787,37.862),(-122.1781,37.851),(-122.1777,37.845),(-122.1773,37.839),(-122.177,37.833)]
+State Hwy 13                      	[(-122.1828,37.974),(-122.1799,37.948)]
+State Hwy 13                      	[(-122.2049,37.2),(-122.20328,37.17975),(-122.1989,37.125),(-122.198078,37.11641),(-122.1975,37.11)]
+State Hwy 13                      	[(-122.2213,37.388),(-122.218753,37.36402),(-122.2168,37.336),(-122.2163,37.328),(-122.2144,37.313),(-122.211744,37.28221),(-122.21,37.262),(-122.2087,37.244),(-122.207,37.224),(-122.2065,37.218),(-122.2058,37.209)]
+State Hwy 13                      	[(-122.2319,37.515),(-122.2316,37.511),(-122.2305,37.498),(-122.2296,37.489),(-122.2286,37.478),(-122.2244,37.427)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.1781,37.851),(-122.1782,37.847),(-122.1777,37.845)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.1799,37.948),(-122.1797,37.943)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.1819,37.978),(-122.1828,37.974)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.1835,37.98),(-122.1852,37.985)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.1854,37.996),(-122.1861,37.986)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.1937,37.078),(-122.1943,37.08)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.1942,37.084),(-122.1964,37.107)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.1975,37.11),(-122.1964,37.107)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.1989,37.125),(-122.1984,37.117),(-122.1981,37.112)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.2054,37.205),(-122.2048,37.209)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.2055,37.197),(-122.2049,37.2)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.2058,37.209),(-122.2049,37.211)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.2069,37.213),(-122.2072,37.216),(-122.2065,37.218)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.2073,37.221),(-122.207,37.224)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.2163,37.328),(-122.2149,37.321),(-122.2144,37.313)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.2168,37.336),(-122.2168,37.328)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.2232,37.41),(-122.2247,37.422)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.2244,37.427),(-122.223,37.414),(-122.2214,37.396),(-122.2213,37.388)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.2244,37.427),(-122.2247,37.422)]
+State Hwy 13                  Ramp	[(-122.2307,37.487),(-122.2286,37.478)]
+State Hwy 17                      	[(-122.3107,37.976),(-122.3078,37.93),(-122.3072,37.916),(-122.307,37.902)]
+State Hwy 17                  Ramp	((-122.2877,37.234),(-122.2881,37.237))
+State Hwy 17                  Ramp	[(-122.2882,37.233),(-122.2881,37.237),(-122.2882,37.242),(-122.2883,37.247),(-122.2885,37.254)]
+State Hwy 17                  Ramp	[(-122.2899,37.128),(-122.2898,37.132),(-122.2897,37.142)]
+State Hwy 17                  Ramp	[(-122.291,37.113),(-122.2906,37.118)]
+State Hwy 17                  Ramp	[(-122.2915,37.083),(-122.29137,37.07065),(-122.290561,37.06224)]
+State Hwy 238                     	((-122.098,37.908),(-122.0983,37.907),(-122.099,37.905),(-122.101,37.898),(-122.101535,37.89711),(-122.103173,37.89438),(-122.1046,37.892),(-122.106,37.89))
+State Hwy 238                     	[(-122.106,37.89),(-122.1061,37.89),(-122.1064,37.89),(-122.1073,37.889)]
+State Hwy 238                 Ramp	((-122.1064,37.89),(-122.1067,37.899))
+State Hwy 238                 Ramp	((-122.1288,37.892),(-122.1293,37.895))
+State Hwy 238                 Ramp	((-122.1288,37.913),(-122.1294,37.917))
+State Hwy 238                 Ramp	[(-122.1073,37.889),(-122.1067,37.899),(-122.1056,37.899)]
+State Hwy 238                 Ramp	[(-122.1073,37.889),(-122.1068,37.881),(-122.106574,37.88354),(-122.106,37.89)]
+State Hwy 238                 Ramp	[(-122.1288,37.9),(-122.1293,37.895),(-122.1296,37.906)]
+State Hwy 238                 Ramp	[(-122.1288,37.922),(-122.1294,37.917),(-122.1296,37.906)]
+State Hwy 24                      	[(-122.2206,37.531),(-122.2204,37.536),(-122.2194,37.541),(-122.217,37.546),(-122.2151,37.551),(-122.2139,37.561),(-122.2121,37.577)]
+State Hwy 24                      	[(-122.2674,37.246),(-122.2673,37.248),(-122.267,37.261),(-122.2668,37.271),(-122.2663,37.298),(-122.2659,37.315),(-122.2655,37.336),(-122.265007,37.35882),(-122.264443,37.37286),(-122.2641,37.381),(-122.2638,37.388),(-122.2631,37.396),(-122.2617,37.405),(-122.2615,37.407),(-122.2605,37.412)]
+State Hwy 24                      	[(-122.2681,37.244),(-122.2679,37.248),(-122.2677,37.252)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	((-122.2191,37.537),(-122.2197,37.535))
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	((-122.2204,37.536),(-122.2211,37.533))
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2194,37.541),(-122.2197,37.535),(-122.2197,37.531)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2211,37.542),(-122.2211,37.533),(-122.2209,37.526)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2218,37.517),(-122.2214,37.507)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2224,37.497),(-122.2219,37.494),(-122.2215,37.492)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2279,37.486),(-122.2284,37.485)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2279,37.486),(-122.2305,37.498)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2286,37.478),(-122.2284,37.485)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2551,37.435),(-122.2568,37.436),(-122.2585,37.428),(-122.259722,37.42438),(-122.260592,37.4218),(-122.2612,37.42)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.257,37.433),(-122.258,37.427)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2605,37.412),(-122.2601,37.412),(-122.2599,37.412),(-122.2586,37.413)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2623,37.409),(-122.2614,37.411),(-122.260282,37.41626),(-122.258,37.427)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2657,37.351),(-122.2665,37.36)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.266,37.348),(-122.2661,37.35),(-122.2668,37.35)]
+State Hwy 24                  Ramp	[(-122.2677,37.252),(-122.2674,37.258),(-122.2671,37.263),(-122.2672,37.267),(-122.2673,37.272)]
+State Hwy 84                      	[(-121.7673,37.82),(-121.7664,37.828),(-121.7654,37.835),(-121.765,37.837)]
+State Hwy 84                      	[(-121.9565,37.898),(-121.956589,37.89911),(-121.9569,37.903),(-121.956,37.91),(-121.9553,37.919)]
+State Hwy 84                      	[(-121.9725,37.749),(-121.972151,37.75144),(-121.9715,37.756),(-121.9706,37.762),(-121.9692,37.778),(-121.9673,37.793),(-121.9637,37.813),(-121.9637,37.854),(-121.9576,37.891)]
+State Hwy 84                      	[(-122.0484,37.539),(-122.0443,37.564),(-122.0423,37.577)]
+State Hwy 84                      	[(-122.0484,37.539),(-122.0514,37.52),(-122.051557,37.51906),(-122.0544,37.502)]
+State Hwy 84                      	[(-122.0671,37.426),(-122.0658,37.432)]
+State Hwy 84                      	[(-122.0671,37.426),(-122.07,37.402),(-122.074,37.37),(-122.0773,37.338)]
+State Hwy 84                  Ramp	[(-122.0544,37.502),(-122.052622,37.50902),(-122.0506,37.517),(-122.0484,37.539)]
+State Hwy 92                      	[(-122.1085,37.326),(-122.1095,37.322),(-122.1111,37.316),(-122.1119,37.313),(-122.1125,37.311),(-122.1131,37.308),(-122.1167,37.292),(-122.1187,37.285),(-122.12,37.28)]
+State Hwy 92                  Ramp	((-122.1091,37.328),(-122.1101,37.332))
+State Hwy 92                  Ramp	[(-122.099,37.368),(-122.0994,37.363)]
+State Hwy 92                  Ramp	[(-122.1086,37.321),(-122.1089,37.315),(-122.1111,37.316)]
+State Hwy 92                  Ramp	[(-122.1091,37.328),(-122.1101,37.332),(-122.1101,37.327),(-122.1095,37.322)]
+State Hwy 92                  Ramp	[(-122.1167,37.292),(-122.1185,37.295),(-122.1191,37.298)]
+State Hwy 92                  Ramp	[(-122.1187,37.285),(-122.1186,37.292),(-122.1193,37.29)]
+State Hwy 92                  Ramp	[(-122.12,37.28),(-122.1207,37.269),(-122.1204,37.27)]
+State Hwy 92                  Ramp	[(-122.1204,37.267),(-122.123,37.271)]
+Staten                        Ave 	[(-122.2533,37.103),(-122.2534,37.094)]
+Stearns                       Ave 	[(-122.1564,37.533),(-122.1533,37.512)]
+Steele                        St  	[(-122.188,37.892),(-122.1874,37.886)]
+Steinmetz                     Way 	[(-122.1979,37.061),(-122.1976,37.051)]
+Stella                        St  	[(-122.14272,37.4824),(-122.1418,37.469)]
+Stenhammer                    Dr  	[(-121.9612,37.84),(-121.9607,37.826)]
+Sterne                        Pl  	[(-122.0318,37.838),(-122.0327,37.835)]
+Steuben                       Ct  	[(-121.9547,37.227),(-121.9553,37.225)]
+Stevens                       St  	[(-122.0718,37.999),(-122.0707,37.999)]
+Stevenson                     Blvd	[(-121.9758,37.367),(-121.9782,37.334)]
+Stevenson                     Blvd	[(-121.982964,37.27715),(-121.983567,37.27017)]
+Stewart                       Ave 	[(-121.9797,37.174),(-121.9821,37.149)]
+Stoakes                       Ave 	[(-122.161722,37.31574),(-122.16195,37.31467)]
+Stonedale                     Dr  	[(-121.9171,37.877),(-121.9173,37.882)]
+Stonehenge                    Road	[(-122.037162,37.84679),(-122.0377,37.841)]
+Stoneridge                    Dr  	[(-121.894,37.919),(-121.8902,37.925)]
+Stoneridge                    Dr  	[(-121.9082,37.905),(-121.9089,37.904)]
+Stoneridge Mall               Road	[(-121.9274,37.926),(-121.925,37.925)]
+Stoneridge Mall               Road	[(-121.9287,37.963),(-121.9283,37.941)]
+Stonewall                     Ave 	[(-122.1076,37.568),(-122.1067,37.554)]
+Stony Brook                       	[(-121.9429,37.244),(-121.9432,37.21)]
+Storer                        Ave 	[(-122.1944,37.852),(-122.1934,37.854)]
+Stow                          Ave 	[(-122.2508,37.042),(-122.2491,37.043)]
+Strang                        Ave 	[(-122.1087,37.034),(-122.1076,37.037)]
+Stratford                     Ave 	[(-121.9696,37.271),(-121.9732,37.254)]
+Stratton Common                   	[(-121.983399,37.43226),(-121.983217,37.43097)]
+Stream                            	[(-121.574573,37.54948),(-121.574039,37.57213)]
+Stream                            	[(-121.648853,37.05723),(-121.651539,37.14924)]
+Strobridge                    Ave 	[(-122.0884,37.911),(-122.0882,37.908)]
+Strong                        Way 	[(-122.102446,37.04885),(-122.101424,37.05337)]
+Stuart                        St  	[(-122.2518,37.6),(-122.2507,37.601),(-122.2491,37.606)]
+Stuart                        St  	[(-122.2554,37.601),(-122.2541,37.602)]
+Suddard                       Ct  	[(-121.9057,37.823),(-121.9064,37.822)]
+Sueirro                       St  	[(-122.1113,37.628),(-122.1121,37.627)]
+Suffolk                       Way 	[(-121.8699,37.932),(-121.8732,37.92)]
+Sulphur                       Dr  	[(-122.0517,37.719),(-122.0506,37.715)]
+Sulphur Creek                     	[(-122.058701,37.76216),(-122.0609,37.772)]
+Sulphur Creek                     	[(-122.0655,37.766),(-122.0659,37.764)]
+Sumatra                       St  	[(-122.0743,37.277),(-122.0751,37.276)]
+Summit                        Road	[(-122.2464,37.816),(-122.2447,37.82)]
+Summit                        Road	[(-122.2479,37.874),(-122.2478,37.87)]
+Sun Valley                    Dr  	[(-122.1174,37.493),(-122.1173,37.488)]
+Sun Valley                    Dr  	[(-122.1191,37.47),(-122.1201,37.465)]
+Sundale                       Dr  	[(-121.976,37.481),(-121.9776,37.464)]
+Sundale                       Dr  	[(-121.982028,37.41595),(-121.98231,37.41254)]
+Sundale                       Dr  	[(-121.9836,37.315),(-121.9809,37.301)]
+Sundale                       Dr  	[(-121.9868,37.342),(-121.9867,37.338)]
+Sundance                      Dr  	[(-121.9113,37.988),(-121.9097,37.992)]
+Sundberg                      Ave 	[(-122.1667,37.119),(-122.1659,37.116)]
+Sunnybank                     Pl  	[(-122.051879,37.78503),(-122.052,37.782)]
+Sunnydale                     Ct  	[(-122.0429,37.203),(-122.0429,37.2)]
+Sunnyhills                    Road	[(-122.2257,37.111),(-122.2246,37.114)]
+Sunnymere                     Ave 	[(-122.1681,37.776),(-122.1672,37.77)]
+Sunnymere                     Ave 	[(-122.1707,37.791),(-122.1699,37.786)]
+Sunnymere                     Ave 	[(-122.1729,37.803),(-122.1718,37.795)]
+Sunnyside                     Ave 	[(-122.2469,37.232),(-122.2453,37.221)]
+Sunnyside                     St  	[(-122.1564,37.386),(-122.1559,37.38)]
+Sunnyside                     St  	[(-122.1611,37.462),(-122.1604,37.453)]
+Sunol                         Blvd	[(-121.8805,37.447),(-121.8807,37.422)]
+Sunol                         Road	[(-122.1254,37.671),(-122.1254,37.666)]
+Sunol Ridge                   Trl 	[(-121.9419,37.455),(-121.9345,37.38)]
+Sunrise                       Dr  	[(-121.7347,37.066),(-121.7343,37.069)]
+Sunset                        Ave 	[(-122.2176,37.901),(-122.2173,37.908)]
+Sunset                        Blvd	[(-122.0899,37.779),(-122.0888,37.788)]
+Sunset                        Blvd	[(-122.0932,37.755),(-122.0921,37.761)]
+Sunset                        Blvd	[(-122.0944,37.75),(-122.0941,37.751)]
+Sunset                        Trl 	[(-122.2375,37.574),(-122.2372,37.571)]
+Sunshine                      Pl  	[(-122.097403,37.11209),(-122.096541,37.11436)]
+Sunstream                     Lane	[(-121.7345,37.059),(-121.7347,37.066)]
+Sunwood                       Dr  	[(-121.9332,37.113),(-121.9335,37.132)]
+Superior                      Ave 	[(-122.142,37.324),(-122.1422,37.315)]
+Superior                      Dr  	[(-121.7724,37.543),(-121.7727,37.543)]
+Surry                         Pl  	[(-122.0052,37.685),(-122.006,37.679)]
+Sussex                        Way 	[(-122.0657,37.227),(-122.0669,37.222),(-122.0673,37.219)]
+Suter                         St  	[(-122.2009,37.89),(-122.2007,37.888)]
+Suter                         St  	[(-122.2072,37.94),(-122.2061,37.931)]
+Sutter                        Dr  	[(-121.9893,37.359),(-121.987,37.35)]
+Sutter                        Dr  	[(-121.9951,37.377),(-121.9943,37.373)]
+Sutter Gate                   Ave 	[(-121.8838,37.866),(-121.8845,37.864)]
+Sutton                        Loop	[(-121.9994,37.586),(-121.9981,37.576)]
+Swan                          Dr  	[(-121.7996,37.845),(-121.7991,37.834)]
+Sybil                         Ave 	[(-122.1443,37.213),(-122.1435,37.215)]
+Sycamore                      Ave 	[(-122.0759,37.633),(-122.0752,37.636)]
+Sycamore                      Ave 	[(-122.0826,37.609),(-122.0818,37.606)]
+Sycamore                      St  	[(-122.0361,37.294),(-122.0354,37.291)]
+Sycamore                      St  	[(-122.2715,37.16),(-122.2739,37.163)]
+Sydney                        Ave 	[(-121.7678,37.636),(-121.7669,37.636)]
+Sydney                        Cir 	[(-122.098211,37.07652),(-122.09723,37.06547)]
+Sylvan Glen                       	[(-122.065238,37.685),(-122.065615,37.67879)]
+Sylvaner                      Dr  	[(-121.8475,37.61),(-121.8482,37.607)]
+Sylvaner                      Way 	[(-121.907301,37.67596),(-121.908111,37.67419)]
+Sylvester                     Dr  	[(-122.041,37.815),(-122.0405,37.812)]
+Sylvia                        Cir 	[(-121.860125,37.6435),(-121.8603,37.64325)]
+Tacchella                     Way 	[(-121.994785,37.62496),(-121.994311,37.61417)]
+Tahiti                        Lane	[(-122.2411,37.343),(-122.240607,37.3499),(-122.2401,37.357)]
+Talbot                        Ave 	[(-122.2925,37.847),(-122.2925,37.843)]
+Talbot                        Ave 	[(-122.2967,37.989),(-122.2964,37.975),(-122.2959,37.959)]
+Tallahassee                   St  	[(-122.0989,37.352),(-122.1012,37.345)]
+Tamalpais                     Path	[(-122.2596,37.866),(-122.2599,37.872)]
+Tamalpais                     Road	[(-122.2593,37.836),(-122.2588,37.842)]
+Tamarack                      Dr  	[(-121.9207,37.159),(-121.922,37.155)]
+Tamarack                      Dr  	[(-121.9255,37.155),(-121.9266,37.156)]
+Tamarack                      Dr  	[(-121.9304,37.16),(-121.9313,37.163)]
+Tamarack                      Dr  	[(-121.932412,37.17516),(-121.9327,37.179)]
+Tamayo                        St  	[(-122.0184,37.732),(-122.019,37.729)]
+Tamayo                        St  	[(-122.0201,37.723),(-122.0204,37.72)]
+Tampa                         Ave 	[(-122.0747,37.327),(-122.0747,37.314),(-122.0746,37.308)]
+Tanager                       Dr  	[(-121.8775,37.831),(-121.8778,37.838)]
+Tanglewood                    Path	[(-122.2431,37.628),(-122.2427,37.626)]
+Tarraville Creek                  	[(-121.52544,37.95569),(-121.525089,37.948)]
+Tarraville Creek                  	[(-121.528505,37.9837),(-121.528147,37.97997)]
+Tarraville Creek                  	[(-121.53429,37.98943),(-121.532627,37.98722)]
+Tarraville Creek                  	[(-121.536091,37.99721),(-121.536763,37)]
+Tarraville Creek              Road	[(-121.52582,37.96459),(-121.525715,37.96296)]
+Tarraville Creek              Road	[(-121.530642,37.9828),(-121.530608,37.98278)]
+Tartarian                     St  	[(-122.1774,37.35),(-122.1768,37.352)]
+Tassajara                     Road	[(-121.8709,37.099),(-121.8713,37.048)]
+Tassajara Creek                   	[(-121.87866,37.98898),(-121.8782,37.015)]
+Tassajara Creek                   	[(-121.8862,37.901),(-121.8847,37.924)]
+Taurus                        Ave 	[(-122.2159,37.416),(-122.2128,37.389)]
+Taylor                        Ave 	[(-122.0547,37.245),(-122.0541,37.241),(-122.0535,37.237)]
+Taylor                        Ave 	[(-122.280873,37.72975),(-122.280388,37.72958)]
+Teakwood                      St  	[(-122.1109,37.58),(-122.1104,37.574)]
+Technology                    Dr  	[(-121.9539,37.109),(-121.9536,37.099)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2581,37.635),(-122.2583,37.625)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2585,37.616),(-122.2586,37.607)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2589,37.588),(-122.2591,37.578)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2594,37.547),(-122.2596,37.541)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2614,37.411),(-122.2613,37.414)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2618,37.384),(-122.261742,37.38806)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2625,37.353),(-122.2623,37.361)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2647,37.266),(-122.2647,37.274)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2679,37.147),(-122.2678,37.149)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2688,37.109),(-122.2686,37.114)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2693,37.089),(-122.2691,37.096)]
+Telegraph                     Ave 	[(-122.2699,37.067),(-122.2697,37.074)]
+Temescal                      Cir 	[(-122.282639,37.36326),(-122.28206,37.3665)]
+Temescal Creek                    	[(-122.284945,37.36017),(-122.2855,37.359)]
+Temescal Creek                    	[(-122.2922,37.344),(-122.2937,37.341)]
+Tennyson                      Road	[(-122.056941,37.35835),(-122.0562,37.36)]
+Tennyson                      Road	[(-122.0605,37.352),(-122.0602,37.354)]
+Tennyson                      Road	[(-122.062,37.345),(-122.0625,37.343)]
+Tennyson                      Road	[(-122.0682,37.318),(-122.0685,37.317)]
+Tennyson                      Road	[(-122.0891,37.317),(-122.0927,37.317)]
+Tennyson                      Road	[(-122.1035,37.272),(-122.1041,37.268)]
+Terrace                       St  	[(-122.2539,37.299),(-122.2523,37.321)]
+Terrace                       Walk	[(-122.2719,37.89),(-122.2705,37.884)]
+Tesla                         Road	[(-121.570042,37.38752),(-121.573978,37.37661)]
+Tesla                         Road	[(-121.588398,37.4085),(-121.596897,37.4397)]
+Tesla                         Road	[(-121.613819,37.51806),(-121.62334,37.46389)]
+Tesla                         Road	[(-121.646458,37.4545),(-121.646946,37.45847)]
+Tesla                         Road	[(-121.6705,37.607),(-121.667684,37.55608)]
+Tesla                         Road	[(-121.6774,37.632),(-121.675,37.633)]
+Tevis                         St  	[(-122.2011,37.621),(-122.2007,37.616)]
+Tevlin                        St  	[(-122.2866,37.83),(-122.2871,37.819)]
+Texas                         St  	[(-122.2087,37.942),(-122.2076,37.937)]
+Thackeray                     Ave 	[(-122.072,37.305),(-122.0715,37.298)]
+The                           Cir 	[(-122.2721,37.904),(-122.2718,37.905)]
+The                           Cres	[(-122.2534,37.945),(-122.254,37.941)]
+The Alameda                       	[(-122.2749,37.863),(-122.2744,37.855)]
+The Alameda                       	[(-122.276,37.89),(-122.2759,37.882)]
+The Alameda                       	[(-122.2765,37.916),(-122.2762,37.902)]
+The Alameda                       	[(-122.2805,37.996),(-122.2808,37.988)]
+The South Crossways               	[(-122.2442,37.529),(-122.2443,37.522)]
+The Uplands                       	[(-122.2477,37.545),(-122.246,37.543),(-122.245,37.538)]
+Theresa                       Way 	[(-121.7273,37.877),(-121.7272,37.868)]
+Theresa                       Way 	[(-121.7289,37.906),(-121.728,37.899)]
+Theta                         St  	[(-122.0181,37.565),(-122.018394,37.56324)]
+Theta                         St  	[(-122.0197,37.553),(-122.02,37.55)]
+Thomas                        Ave 	[(-122.2487,37.375),(-122.2479,37.39)]
+Thornhill                     Dr  	[(-122.204,37.39),(-122.201,37.389)]
+Thornhill                     Dr  	[(-122.2131,37.335),(-122.2112,37.35)]
+Thornton                      Ave 	[(-122.0036,37.671),(-122.0048,37.66)]
+Thornton                      Ave 	[(-122.0068,37.644),(-122.0083,37.63)]
+Thornton                      Ave 	[(-122.0127,37.583),(-122.0132,37.575)]
+Thornton                      Ave 	[(-122.0164,37.537),(-122.0175,37.523)]
+Thornton                      Ave 	[(-122.0211,37.477),(-122.0214,37.473)]
+Thornton                      Ave 	[(-122.0291,37.379),(-122.03,37.37)]
+Thornton                      Ave 	[(-122.0636,37.335),(-122.0626,37.303)]
+Thornton                      St  	[(-122.1505,37.215),(-122.1526,37.206)]
+Thornton                      St  	[(-122.1572,37.189),(-122.1576,37.188)]
+Thousand Oaks                 Blvd	[(-122.2799,37.975),(-122.2779,37.972)]
+Thousand Oaks                 Blvd	[(-122.283,37.972),(-122.2824,37.974)]
+Tidal Canal                       	[(-122.2302,37.697),(-122.229,37.694)]
+Tidal Canal                       	[(-122.2428,37.791),(-122.2386,37.745)]
+Tidewater                     Ave 	[(-122.2193,37.625),(-122.2174,37.609)]
+Tideway                       Dr  	[(-122.2877,37.692),(-122.2854,37.704)]
+Tiffin                        Road	[(-122.2086,37.069),(-122.2076,37.07)]
+Tilgrim                       Way 	[(-122.0831,37.211),(-122.084,37.211)]
+Timber                        St  	[(-122.0175,37.38),(-122.0139,37.362)]
+Timbercreek                   Ter 	[(-121.9527,37.351),(-121.952496,37.35039)]
+Timpanogas                    Cir 	[(-121.963,37.752),(-121.962723,37.74924)]
+Tina                          Way 	[(-122.0322,37.185),(-122.0305,37.196)]
+Tinder                        Ct  	[(-122.0496,37.109),(-122.0488,37.12)]
+Tioga                         Ct  	[(-121.847804,37.6667),(-121.848197,37.66978)]
+Tissiack                      Way 	[(-121.920364,37),(-121.9208,37.995)]
+Toler                         Ave 	[(-122.1575,37.269),(-122.1593,37.261)]
+Tonopah                       Ct  	[(-121.914,37.684),(-121.9138,37.682)]
+Topawa                        Dr  	[(-121.9204,37.878),(-121.9197,37.88)]
+Toroges Creek                     	[(-121.9217,37.808),(-121.922457,37.80485)]
+Toroges Creek                     	[(-121.925,37.795),(-121.9268,37.789)]
+Torrano                       Ave 	[(-122.0685,37.547),(-122.0679,37.551)]
+Tory                          Way 	[(-121.9162,37.139),(-121.917,37.132)]
+Totterdell                    St  	[(-122.187,37.228),(-122.1864,37.224)]
+Touriga                       Dr  	[(-121.8512,37.611),(-121.851283,37.60893)]
+Touriga                       Dr  	[(-121.8512,37.644),(-121.8511,37.648)]
+Touriga                       Dr  	[(-121.8521,37.566),(-121.8523,37.559)]
+Towers                        St  	[(-122.1296,37.096),(-122.1286,37.089)]
+Toyon                         Pl  	[(-122.0469,37.951),(-122.0464,37.953)]
+Tozier                        St  	[(-122.0502,37.394),(-122.0497,37.39)]
+Trade Wind                    Lane	[(-121.9887,37.294),(-121.9891,37.288)]
+Trafalgar                     Ave 	[(-122.1036,37.369),(-122.1043,37.375)]
+Treeview                      St  	[(-122.0379,37.267),(-122.0375,37.262)]
+Treeview                      St  	[(-122.039,37.282),(-122.0387,37.278)]
+Tremont                       St  	[(-122.267,37.503),(-122.2672,37.514)]
+Trenery                       Dr  	[(-121.866449,37.88045),(-121.866515,37.88044)]
+Trenton                       Dr  	[(-122.0655,37.155),(-122.0647,37.142)]
+Trestle Glen                  Road	[(-122.221239,37.12059),(-122.2207,37.125),(-122.2201,37.133)]
+Trimingham                    Dr  	[(-121.871338,37.76396),(-121.872239,37.76736)]
+Trojan                        Ave 	[(-122.144,37.868),(-122.1446,37.867)]
+Trojan                        Ave 	[(-122.1467,37.864),(-122.1483,37.862)]
+Trojan                        Ave 	[(-122.1514,37.858),(-122.1522,37.857)]
+Trombas                       Ave 	[(-122.1428,37.217),(-122.1425,37.211)]
+Tropicana                     Way 	[(-122.0492,37.892),(-122.050057,37.88256),(-122.0513,37.874)]
+Truman                        Pl  	[(-121.9933,37.285),(-121.9938,37.279)]
+Tudor                         Road	[(-122.1808,37.216),(-122.1801,37.216)]
+Tulare                        Ave 	[(-122.2811,37.889),(-122.2816,37.868)]
+Tule Lake                     Lane	[(-122.0568,37.871),(-122.0559,37.866)]
+Tulip                         Ave 	[(-122.1901,37.881),(-122.1898,37.877)]
+Tumbleweed                    Ct  	[(-122.0715,37.906),(-122.0718,37.908)]
+Tunnel                        Road	[(-122.2382,37.555),(-122.2374,37.553)]
+Tunnel                        Road	[(-122.2405,37.574),(-122.2402,37.57)]
+Tunnel                        Road	[(-122.2427,37.581),(-122.2414,37.579)]
+Tunnel Creek                      	[(-121.610752,37.58239),(-121.624698,37.83019)]
+Tupelo                        Ter 	[(-122.059087,37.6113),(-122.057021,37.59942)]
+Tupelo                        Ter 	[(-122.061851,37.62675),(-122.0606,37.62)]
+Turban                        Ct  	[(-121.9737,37.141),(-121.9729,37.143)]
+Turnstone                     Ct  	[(-121.7967,37.812),(-121.7967,37.814)]
+Turquoise                     St  	[(-121.918671,37.20347),(-121.918562,37.20173)]
+Twain                         Ave 	[(-122.2574,37.904),(-122.2563,37.907)]
+Twin Peaks                    Ter 	[(-121.9785,37.427),(-121.9783,37.431)]
+Tyee                          Ct  	[(-122.084,37.918),(-122.084,37.913)]
+Tyler                         Lane	[(-122.0674,37.157),(-122.066,37.146)]
+Tyler                         Pl  	[(-121.9973,37.293),(-121.9986,37.289)]
+Tyler                         St  	[(-122.2782,37.525),(-122.278041,37.52523)]
+Tyrrell                       Ave 	[(-122.0709,37.334),(-122.0708,37.329)]
+Tyrrell                       Ave 	[(-122.0751,37.441),(-122.0759,37.428)]
+Ulmeca                        Pl  	[(-121.9129,37.786),(-121.9125,37.779)]
+Underwood                     Ave 	[(-122.0823,37.477),(-122.0822,37.469)]
+Underwood                     Ave 	[(-122.1852,37.828),(-122.1846,37.809)]
+Union                         St  	[(-121.9578,37.334),(-121.9584,37.33)]
+Union                         St  	[(-122.2527,37.731),(-122.2521,37.739)]
+Union                         St  	[(-122.2555,37.689),(-122.2549,37.698)]
+Union                         St  	[(-122.2579,37.654),(-122.2573,37.663)]
+Union                         St  	[(-122.2839,37.21),(-122.2833,37.227)]
+Union                         St  	[(-122.2854,37.164),(-122.2852,37.178),(-122.2844,37.195)]
+Union                         St  	[(-122.2862,37.14),(-122.2858,37.152)]
+Union                         St  	[(-122.2881,37.092),(-122.2876,37.107)]
+Union                         St  	[(-122.2898,37.042),(-122.2897,37.044)]
+Union City                    Blvd	[(-122.0674,37.657),(-122.0669,37.654)]
+Union City                    Blvd	[(-122.078284,37.74531),(-122.078001,37.74022)]
+Union City                    Blvd	[(-122.0791,37.76),(-122.0786,37.751)]
+Union City                    Blvd	[(-122.0795,37.923),(-122.0797,37.907)]
+Union City                    Blvd	[(-122.0797,37.883),(-122.0797,37.878)]
+Union City                    Blvd	[(-122.0797,37.964),(-122.0797,37.959)]
+Union City                    Blvd	[(-122.0805,37.986),(-122.0804,37.972)]
+University                    Ave 	[(-122.2711,37.718),(-122.27,37.719)]
+University                    Dr  	[(-122.0275,37.971),(-122.0264,37.97)]
+Upton                         Ave 	[(-122.1298,37.99),(-122.1297,37.984)]
+Urban                         St  	[(-121.9714,37.412),(-121.971,37.41)]
+Usher                         St  	[(-122.1276,37.885),(-122.1275,37.865)]
+Utah                          St  	[(-121.8591,37.68),(-121.8584,37.682)]
+Vaca                          Dr  	[(-121.9531,37.448),(-121.9531,37.442)]
+Val                           St  	[(-121.9739,37.325),(-121.9746,37.324)]
+Valita                        Dr  	[(-122.1417,37.192),(-122.141,37.195)]
+Valle Vista                   Ave 	[(-122.246,37.162),(-122.2461,37.168)]
+Vallecitos                    Road	[(-121.7875,37.454),(-121.7856,37.463),(-121.7822,37.482)]
+Vallecitos                    Road	[(-121.8177,37.142),(-121.836,37.053)]
+Vallecitos                    Road	[(-121.8631,37.951),(-121.868,37.93)]
+Vallecitos                    Road	[(-121.8699,37.916),(-121.8703,37.891)]
+Vallecitos Creek                  	[(-121.8423,37.033),(-121.8379,37.094)]
+Vallejo                       St  	[(-121.9718,37.765),(-121.9719,37.769)]
+Vallejo                       St  	[(-122.2869,37.46),(-122.2872,37.466)]
+Valley                        Ave 	[(-121.8591,37.733),(-121.8628,37.76)]
+Valley                        Ave 	[(-121.8673,37.761),(-121.8677,37.76)]
+Valley                        Ave 	[(-121.887,37.767),(-121.8878,37.767),(-121.8888,37.767)]
+Valley                        Ave 	[(-121.8962,37.644),(-121.89632,37.6086),(-121.896359,37.59716)]
+Valley                        Dr  	[(-121.863815,37.76063),(-121.8644,37.761)]
+Valley                        Dr  	[(-121.8967,37.761),(-121.8982,37.746)]
+Valley                        Dr  	[(-121.897701,37.6866),(-121.8972,37.677),(-121.89692,37.66207)]
+Valley                        St  	[(-122.17,37.16),(-122.1707,37.158)]
+Valley Brook                  Ct  	[(-122.0479,37.871),(-122.0478,37.867)]
+Valley Trails                 Dr  	[(-121.9038,37.75),(-121.9029,37.754)]
+Valley Trails                 Dr  	[(-121.9066,37.776),(-121.9075,37.775),(-121.9084,37.774)]
+Valley Trails                 Dr  	[(-121.908,37.739),(-121.9075,37.739)]
+Valley Trails                 Dr  	[(-121.9098,37.756),(-121.91,37.753)]
+Valpey Park                   Ave 	[(-121.9748,37.188),(-121.9756,37.186)]
+Van                           Ave 	[(-122.1212,37.142),(-122.1206,37.128)]
+Van Buren                     Ave 	[(-122.2521,37.111),(-122.2512,37.113)]
+Van Mourik                    Ave 	[(-122.1718,37.795),(-122.1716,37.801)]
+Vancouver                     Way 	[(-121.7753,37.665),(-121.7742,37.666)]
+Vancouver                     Way 	[(-121.7775,37.667),(-121.7768,37.666)]
+Vanda                         Way 	[(-121.9989,37.807),(-121.9993,37.8)]
+Vanderbilt                    St  	[(-122.039,37.254),(-122.0386,37.243)]
+Vane Common                       	[(-122.056732,37.54797),(-122.056633,37.54543)]
+Vargas                        Road	[(-121.9161,37.512),(-121.9165,37.504)]
+Vasco                         Road	[(-121.717311,37.99316),(-121.7174,37.971)]
+Vasco                         Road	[(-121.7177,37.70674),(-121.7177,37.68228)]
+Vasco                         Road	[(-121.7217,37.062),(-121.72,37.039)]
+Vasco                         Road	[(-121.7229,37.093),(-121.7228,37.089)]
+Vasco                         Road	[(-121.7231,37.108),(-121.7232,37.114)]
+Vasco                         Road	[(-121.737,37.725),(-121.7282,37.489)]
+Vasquez                       Ct  	[(-122.0252,37.029),(-122.025392,37.02756)]
+Vassar                        Ave 	[(-122.1245,37.952),(-122.1246,37.945)]
+Vaughn                        Ave 	[(-121.7118,37.061),(-121.7074,37.08)]
+Vaughn                        Ave 	[(-122.0802,37.053),(-122.0801,37.026)]
+Vegas                         Ave 	[(-122.075906,37.8929),(-122.0726,37.894)]
+Ventura                       Ave 	[(-122.2832,37.864),(-122.283509,37.8555)]
+Vera                          Ave 	[(-122.1318,37.984),(-122.1317,37.977)]
+Verdemar                      Dr  	[(-122.2454,37.333),(-122.2453,37.335)]
+Vergil                        St  	[(-122.0685,37.886),(-122.0681,37.88)]
+Vermont                       St  	[(-122.2424,37.16),(-122.2415,37.168)]
+Vernetti                      Way 	[(-122.064379,37.90817),(-122.063821,37.90117)]
+Vernon                        Ave 	[(-122.0039,37.383),(-122.006,37.358)]
+Vernon                        St  	[(-122.2509,37.179),(-122.2503,37.184)]
+Verona                        Ave 	[(-121.7808,37.721),(-121.7801,37.721)]
+Versailles                    Ave 	[(-122.2383,37.577),(-122.2374,37.589)]
+Via Alamitos                      	[(-122.1302,37.675),(-122.13,37.668)]
+Via Alamitos                      	[(-122.1302,37.704),(-122.1303,37.697)]
+Via Amigos                        	[(-122.1406,37.731),(-122.1424,37.722)]
+Via Annette                       	[(-122.1389,37.65),(-122.1388,37.631)]
+Via Arriba                        	[(-122.122,37.712),(-122.1216,37.702)]
+Via Arroyo                        	[(-122.1256,37.835),(-122.1236,37.823)]
+Via Barrett                       	[(-122.1495,37.736),(-122.1503,37.733)]
+Via Bellita                       	[(-122.121893,37.82393),(-122.12257,37.81959)]
+Via Buena Vista                   	[(-122.1366,37.652),(-122.1374,37.651)]
+Via Carmen                        	[(-122.1401,37.674),(-122.1397,37.65)]
+Via Chiquita                      	[(-122.1321,37.693),(-122.1319,37.681)]
+Via Chiquita                      	[(-122.1322,37.708),(-122.1321,37.702)]
+Via Chiquita                      	[(-122.1337,37.731),(-122.1333,37.724)]
+Via Cordoba                       	[(-122.1246,37.853),(-122.1239,37.853)]
+Via de Los Cerros                 	[(-121.901117,37.7212),(-121.900094,37.71647)]
+Via de Los Milagros               	[(-121.8982,37.746),(-121.8975,37.743)]
+Via del Prado                     	[(-122.135,37.797),(-122.1339,37.78)]
+Via del Sol                       	[(-121.7899,37.624),(-121.7901,37.615)]
+Via Diego                         	[(-122.118617,37.81903),(-122.1194,37.814)]
+Via el Cerrito                    	[(-122.1337,37.691),(-122.1336,37.676)]
+Via Enrico                        	[(-122.1379,37.82),(-122.1389,37.818)]
+Via Enrico                        	[(-122.139846,37.81379),(-122.1407,37.81)]
+Via Escondido                     	[(-122.1409,37.747),(-122.141278,37.74521)]
+Via Escondido                     	[(-122.142774,37.73812),(-122.143583,37.73429)]
+Via Esperanza                     	[(-122.1273,37.676),(-122.1302,37.675)]
+Via Frances                       	[(-122.1387,37.68),(-122.1386,37.666)]
+Via Granada                       	[(-122.121893,37.82393),(-122.1217,37.822)]
+Via Harriet                       	[(-122.1474,37.709),(-122.1473,37.691),(-122.1456,37.674)]
+Via Hermana                       	[(-122.1433,37.791),(-122.1442,37.786)]
+Via la Jolla                      	[(-122.1346,37.699),(-122.1345,37.691)]
+Via Lacqua                        	[(-122.1463,37.734),(-122.1471,37.73)]
+Via Lucas                         	[(-122.1381,37.71),(-122.1396,37.71)]
+Via Manzanas                      	[(-122.1248,37.761),(-122.1265,37.753)]
+Via Matero                        	[(-122.116,37.806),(-122.1175,37.797)]
+Via Montalvo                      	[(-121.7867,37.962),(-121.7861,37.967)]
+Via Natal                         	[(-122.1434,37.684),(-122.1441,37.68)]
+Via Natal                         	[(-122.1449,37.677),(-122.1456,37.674)]
+Via Nueva                         	[(-122.1461,37.743),(-122.1456,37.738)]
+Via Paro                          	[(-122.129,37.78),(-122.1276,37.757)]
+Via Peralta                       	[(-121.8941,37.729),(-121.8938,37.726)]
+Via Perdido                       	[(-122.1295,37.741),(-122.1281,37.727)]
+Via Pinale                        	[(-122.1333,37.793),(-122.1315,37.773)]
+Via Primero                       	[(-122.1223,37.774),(-122.1211,37.755)]
+Via Redondo                       	[(-122.141,37.7),(-122.1423,37.707)]
+Via Rodriguez                     	[(-122.1234,37.809),(-122.1233,37.806)]
+Via Segundo                       	[(-122.1207,37.778),(-122.1189,37.765)]
+Via Tovita                        	[(-122.1336,37.64),(-122.1356,37.638)]
+Via Vega                          	[(-122.1388,37.837),(-122.1389,37.818)]
+Via Verde                         	[(-122.1165,37.788),(-122.1175,37.782)]
+Via Vista                         	[(-122.1364,37.745),(-122.1391,37.735)]
+Via Zapata                        	[(-121.9434,37.147),(-121.9441,37.161)]
+Vicente                       Pl  	[(-122.2329,37.572),(-122.232,37.578)]
+Vicente                       St  	[(-122.2598,37.427),(-122.2598,37.432)]
+Victor                        Ave 	[(-122.1914,37.972),(-122.1901,37.964)]
+Victor                        Ave 	[(-122.1922,37.987),(-122.1918,37.981)]
+Victoria                      Ave 	[(-122.0739,37.905),(-122.0759,37.903)]
+Victoria                      Lane	[(-121.663807,37.54316),(-121.663944,37.56139)]
+Victoria Bay                      	[(-122.2363,37.399),(-122.2365,37.393)]
+Victory                       Dr  	[(-122.1091,37.635),(-122.109281,37.6426)]
+View                          Dr  	[(-122.1364,37.276),(-122.1295,37.271)]
+View Crest                    Ct  	[(-122.165164,37.82551),(-122.164162,37.826)]
+Village                       Dr  	[(-122.0773,37.967),(-122.0766,37.967)]
+Village                       Pkwy	[(-121.9256,37.098),(-121.9267,37.113)]
+Villareal                     Dr  	[(-122.019699,37.15004),(-122.018295,37.15912)]
+Villareal                     Dr  	[(-122.0204,37.147),(-122.0217,37.142)]
+Villareal                     Dr  	[(-122.022433,37.10266),(-122.023425,37.09294)]
+Vine                          St  	[(-121.8603,37.64036),(-121.8601,37.64044)]
+Vine                          St  	[(-122.2755,37.793),(-122.2743,37.794)]
+Vineyard                      Ave 	[(-121.8463,37.647),(-121.846448,37.64711)]
+Vineyard                      Ave 	[(-121.8524,37.648),(-121.8511,37.648)]
+Vineyard                      Ave 	[(-121.853754,37.648),(-121.853805,37.648)]
+Vineyard                      Road	[(-121.919,37.056),(-121.9128,37.069)]
+Vineyard                      Road	[(-122.0878,37.2),(-122.0877,37.191)]
+Virginia                      St  	[(-122.0748,37.47),(-122.0697,37.477)]
+Virginia                      St  	[(-122.2582,37.78),(-122.2565,37.782),(-122.2557,37.784)]
+Virginia                      St  	[(-122.2751,37.756),(-122.2739,37.759)]
+Virgo                         Road	[(-122.2152,37.415),(-122.2146,37.435)]
+Vista                         Ct  	[(-121.755,37.84),(-121.7551,37.838)]
+Vista del Plaza               Lane	[(-122.0834,37.809),(-122.0829,37.804)]
+Vistamont                     Ave 	[(-122.265432,37.0356),(-122.2643,37.029)]
+Vivian                        St  	[(-122.0831,37.895),(-122.082,37.895)]
+Vomac                         Road	[(-121.9367,37.166),(-121.937,37.173)]
+Wadsworth                     Ct  	[(-121.97,37.249),(-121.9708,37.241)]
+Wagner                        St  	[(-122.1254,37.959),(-122.1245,37.952)]
+Wagoner                       Dr  	[(-121.784,37.67),(-121.784,37.663)]
+Walker                        Ave 	[(-122.2437,37.153),(-122.2433,37.161)]
+Walker                        Pl  	[(-121.7692,37.537),(-121.7693,37.544)]
+Wall                          St  	[(-121.7904,37.776),(-121.7893,37.767)]
+Walnut                        Ave 	[(-121.9689,37.601),(-121.969899,37.59434)]
+Walnut                        Ave 	[(-121.9804,37.471),(-121.9817,37.456)]
+Walnut                        Ave 	[(-121.983083,37.44159),(-121.983361,37.43869)]
+Walnut                        St  	[(-121.769,37.877),(-121.7683,37.88)]
+Walnut                        St  	[(-121.774,37.863),(-121.7728,37.866)]
+Walnut                        St  	[(-122.0425,37.262),(-122.0417,37.246)]
+Walnut                        St  	[(-122.1913,37.734),(-122.1909,37.729)]
+Walnut                        St  	[(-122.1948,37.763),(-122.1923,37.742)]
+Walnut                        St  	[(-122.2442,37.682),(-122.2437,37.69)]
+Walnut                        St  	[(-122.2465,37.648),(-122.2459,37.658)]
+Walnut                        St  	[(-122.2489,37.613),(-122.2483,37.622)]
+Walnut                        St  	[(-122.2675,37.804),(-122.2672,37.785)]
+Walpert                       St  	[(-122.07476,37.6893),(-122.073488,37.69487)]
+Warbler                       Loop	[(-122.0601,37.813),(-122.0597,37.793)]
+Ward                          St  	[(-122.2838,37.575),(-122.2827,37.575)]
+Ward Creek                        	[(-122.0568,37.644),(-122.058701,37.64815)]
+Ward Creek                        	[(-122.0717,37.679),(-122.077,37.657)]
+Ward Creek Branch                 	[(-122.0615,37.62),(-122.069914,37.64417)]
+Warfield                      Ave 	[(-122.2403,37.16),(-122.2382,37.178)]
+Warfield                      Ave 	[(-122.2404,37.153),(-122.2402,37.157)]
+Warfield                      Ave 	[(-122.244,37.124),(-122.2435,37.13)]
+Warm Springs                  Blvd	[(-121.9184,37.728),(-121.9168,37.703)]
+Warm Springs                  Blvd	[(-121.9209,37.769),(-121.9198,37.751)]
+Warm Springs                  Blvd	[(-121.9258,37.851),(-121.9247,37.833)]
+Warm Springs                  Blvd	[(-121.933956,37),(-121.9343,37.97)]
+Warner                        Ave 	[(-122.0249,37.096),(-122.024,37.103)]
+Warner                        Ave 	[(-122.1579,37.477),(-122.1571,37.482)]
+Warren                        Ave 	[(-121.9285,37.866),(-121.9302,37.859)]
+Warren                        Ave 	[(-121.9314,37.855),(-121.933,37.849)]
+Warsaw                        Ave 	[(-121.7714,37.623),(-121.77064,37.6268)]
+Warwick                       Pl  	[(-122.0498,37.647),(-122.0487,37.634)]
+Warwick                       Road	[(-122.0279,37.791),(-122.0282,37.787)]
+Warwick                       Road	[(-122.029,37.777),(-122.0298,37.768)]
+Wasatch                       Dr  	[(-121.962,37.752),(-121.9623,37.756)]
+Washburn                      Dr  	[(-121.9877,37.739),(-121.9881,37.728)]
+Washington                    Ave 	[(-122.1378,37.897),(-122.1379,37.891)]
+Washington                    Ave 	[(-122.1379,37.959),(-122.1379,37.954)]
+Washington                    Ave 	[(-122.1491,37.154),(-122.149,37.151),(-122.1485,37.144)]
+Washington                    Ave 	[(-122.1536,37.222),(-122.1534,37.217)]
+Washington                    Ave 	[(-122.2912,37.932),(-122.2903,37.931)]
+Washington                    Ave 	[(-122.301,37.919),(-122.3001,37.921)]
+Washington                    Ave 	[(-122.3033,37.9),(-122.3023,37.905)]
+Washington                    Blvd	[(-121.9418,37.314),(-121.9422,37.314)]
+Washington                    Blvd	[(-121.9512,37.335),(-121.9522,37.335)]
+Washington                    Blvd	[(-121.9557,37.328),(-121.9584,37.33)]
+Washington                    St  	[(-121.8615,37.684),(-121.8596,37.694)]
+Washington                    St  	[(-122.2355,37.537),(-122.2347,37.532)]
+Washington                    St  	[(-122.2378,37.553),(-122.237,37.548)]
+Washington                    St  	[(-122.2405,37.568),(-122.24,37.566)]
+Washington                    St  	[(-122.2772,37.965),(-122.2769,37.97)]
+Washo                         Dr  	[(-121.9213,37.117),(-121.9204,37.114)]
+Waterfall Isle                    	[(-122.2699,37.668),(-122.2694,37.677)]
+Waterford                     Pl  	[(-122.0472,37.026),(-122.0473,37.021)]
+Watts                         St  	[(-122.2805,37.28),(-122.2804,37.285)]
+Waverly                       Way 	[(-121.7634,37.94),(-121.762632,37.94055)]
+Webb                          Ave 	[(-122.0975,37.89),(-122.0971,37.894)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.0593,37.39),(-122.0587,37.393)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.2474,37.563),(-122.2461,37.562)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.2595,37.33),(-122.2596,37.337)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.2599,37.305),(-122.2596,37.313)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.2643,37.145),(-122.2642,37.152)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.2691,37.026),(-122.2687,37.033)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.2703,37.005),(-122.2699,37.011)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.2724,37.97),(-122.272,37.977)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.2752,37.925),(-122.2746,37.936)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.276,37.775),(-122.276,37.785)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.276,37.809),(-122.276,37.841)]
+Webster                       St  	[(-122.276,37.903),(-122.276,37.913)]
+Welch Creek                       	[(-121.8107,37.349),(-121.8012,37.397)]
+Welch Creek                   Road	[(-121.7695,37.386),(-121.7737,37.413)]
+Welch Creek                   Road	[(-121.7895,37.36),(-121.7717,37.218)]
+Welch Creek                   Road	[(-121.844,37.37),(-121.8289,37.315)]
+Weld                          St  	[(-122.1827,37.64),(-122.181,37.623)]
+Welk Com                          	[(-122.036356,37.86914),(-122.036265,37.8618)]
+Wellington                    Pl  	[(-122.0242,37.628),(-122.0227,37.632)]
+Wente                         St  	[(-121.7486,37.661),(-121.7486,37.65715)]
+Wentworth                     Ave 	[(-122.1997,37.698),(-122.1986,37.698)]
+Wesley                        Ave 	[(-122.2457,37.068),(-122.2446,37.078)]
+Wesley                        Ave 	[(-122.2482,37.056),(-122.2476,37.059)]
+West                          St  	[(-122.1066,37.48),(-122.108083,37.47375)]
+West                          St  	[(-122.2719,37.243),(-122.2717,37.251)]
+West                          St  	[(-122.2754,37.136),(-122.2751,37.141)]
+West                          St  	[(-122.276,37.124),(-122.2756,37.131)]
+West Loop                     Road	[(-122.0576,37.604),(-122.0602,37.586)]
+Westbrook                     Pl  	[(-121.7787,37.565),(-121.7784,37.564)]
+Westchester                   St  	[(-122.031,37.135),(-122.0293,37.136)]
+Western                       Ave 	[(-122.1365,37.049),(-122.1358,37.044)]
+Western                       Blvd	[(-122.1004,37.792),(-122.0983,37.778)]
+Western                       Blvd	[(-122.1043,37.819),(-122.1023,37.805)]
+Western Pacific Railroad          	[(-121.628112,37.31406),(-121.628315,37.31524)]
+Western Pacific Railroad          	[(-121.6953,37.215),(-121.6955,37.223)]
+Western Pacific Railroad          	[(-121.95686,37.6508),(-121.9548,37.598)]
+Western Pacific Railroad          	[(-122.0302,37.963),(-122.0302,37.99)]
+Western Pacific Railroad Spur     	[(-122.0394,37.018),(-122.0394,37.961)]
+Westminster                   Dr  	[(-122.2409,37.406),(-122.2391,37.413)]
+Westover                      Dr  	[(-122.1985,37.286),(-122.1959,37.302)]
+Westview                      Pl  	[(-122.2309,37.588),(-122.2303,37.585)]
+Westwood                      Ave 	[(-122.0079,37.454),(-122.008033,37.45)]
+Westwood                      Pl  	[(-122.0773,37.36),(-122.078,37.362)]
+Whalebone                     Way 	[(-122.0592,37.244),(-122.059,37.242)]
+Whimbrel                      Road	[(-122.0439,37.832),(-122.0432,37.828)]
+Whimbrel                      Road	[(-122.045,37.842),(-122.0447,37.839)]
+Whipple                       Road	[(-122.0532,37.059),(-122.0576,37.059)]
+Whipple                       Road	[(-122.0676,37.055),(-122.0678,37.057),(-122.0752,37.057)]
+Whispering Pine               Ct  	[(-122.06,37.222),(-122.0608,37.226)]
+Whitaker                      Ave 	[(-122.2555,37.909),(-122.2554,37.912)]
+Whitecap                      Way 	[(-121.991567,37.28508),(-121.99096,37.28222)]
+Whitlock Creek                    	[(-121.74683,37.91276),(-121.733107,37)]
+Whitman                       St  	[(-122.0633,37.399),(-122.063,37.392)]
+Whitman                       St  	[(-122.072,37.54),(-122.0712,37.53)]
+Whitney                       Pl  	[(-121.9168,37.703),(-121.9188,37.695)]
+Wicks                         Blvd	[(-122.1596,37.856),(-122.1578,37.833)]
+Wicks                         Blvd	[(-122.163486,37.97094),(-122.1632,37.966),(-122.1624,37.936)]
+Wilbeam                       Ave 	[(-122.0759,37.936),(-122.076,37.932)]
+Wilbur                        St  	[(-122.21,37.039),(-122.2093,37.034)]
+Wild Current                  Way 	[(-122.1987,37.395),(-122.1993,37.402)]
+Wildcat                       Ct  	[(-121.94693,37.08767),(-121.947193,37.08295)]
+Wildcat Canyon                Road	[(-122.2628,37.035),(-122.264,37.041)]
+Wildcat Canyon                Road	[(-122.2658,37.046),(-122.264,37.041)]
+Wildwood                      Ave 	[(-122.2341,37.194),(-122.2328,37.199)]
+Wiley                         St  	[(-122.1553,37.93),(-122.1548,37.921),(-122.1546,37.916)]
+Willard                       Way 	[(-122.0871,37.169),(-122.0843,37.177)]
+Williams                      St  	[(-122.1568,37.179),(-122.1577,37.175)]
+Williams                      St  	[(-122.1634,37.151),(-122.164,37.148)]
+Williams                      St  	[(-122.1649,37.143),(-122.1655,37.141)]
+Willimet                      Way 	[(-122.0964,37.517),(-122.0949,37.493)]
+Willow                        Ave 	[(-122.1012,37.748),(-122.1002,37.754)]
+Willow                        Ave 	[(-122.16,37.961),(-122.1608,37.96)]
+Willow                        St  	[(-122.0519,37.279),(-122.0517,37.275)]
+Willow                        St  	[(-122.2459,37.711),(-122.2453,37.72)]
+Willow                        St  	[(-122.2494,37.661),(-122.2487,37.67)]
+Willow                        St  	[(-122.2516,37.627),(-122.251,37.635)]
+Willow                        St  	[(-122.2559,37.567),(-122.2551,37.58)]
+Willow                        St  	[(-122.2913,37.184),(-122.2901,37.198),(-122.2891,37.212)]
+Willow                        St  	[(-122.2998,37.077),(-122.2996,37.081)]
+Willow                        Walk	[(-122.2364,37.572),(-122.23664,37.5678)]
+Willowood                     Dr  	[(-122.0126,37.498),(-122.0096,37.483)]
+Wilson                        Ave 	[(-122.0751,37.073),(-122.0727,37.07)]
+Wilson                        Cir 	[(-122.246849,37.81463),(-122.2468,37.815)]
+Winding                       Lane	[(-121.931438,37.07849),(-121.9306,37.078)]
+Windmill                      Ct  	[(-121.9163,37.948),(-121.9167,37.944)]
+Windmill                      Lane	[(-121.8688,37.531),(-121.8678,37.532)]
+Windsor                       Dr  	[(-122.1125,37.071),(-122.1105,37.048)]
+Windsor                       Dr  	[(-122.2303,37.673),(-122.2289,37.665)]
+Windsor                       Pl  	[(-121.7781,37.521),(-121.7781,37.525)]
+Windsor                       Way 	[(-121.7772,37.521),(-121.7762,37.521)]
+Wingate                       Way 	[(-122.0652,37.838),(-122.0643,37.846)]
+Winslow                       Ter 	[(-122.059185,37.53928),(-122.058347,37.5363)]
+Winsor                        Ave 	[(-122.2356,37.203),(-122.2351,37.203)]
+Winthrope                     St  	[(-122.1559,37.694),(-122.1548,37.678)]
+Winton                        Ave 	[(-122.1151,37.533),(-122.1165,37.532)]
+Winton                        Ave 	[(-122.1231,37.533),(-122.1231,37.53)]
+Wisconsin                     St  	[(-122.1927,37.945),(-122.1921,37.94)]
+Wisconsin                     St  	[(-122.1945,37.965),(-122.1939,37.959)]
+Wisconsin                     St  	[(-122.1994,37.017),(-122.1975,37.998),(-122.1971,37.994)]
+Wistaria                      Way 	[(-122.2251,37.182),(-122.2249,37.188)]
+Wisteria                      Dr  	[(-121.9362,37.373),(-121.9363,37.367)]
+Wisteria                      Dr  	[(-121.9369,37.398),(-121.9369,37.391)]
+Wisteria                      Way 	[(-121.7322,37.118),(-121.7332,37.114)]
+Wixon                         Dr  	[(-121.9613,37.199),(-121.9604,37.18)]
+Wolcott                       Dr  	[(-121.9568,37.393),(-121.9564,37.389)]
+Wood                          Dr  	[(-122.2194,37.28),(-122.2174,37.266)]
+Wood                          St  	[(-121.762,37.839),(-121.7611,37.834)]
+Wood                          St  	[(-122.2993,37.107),(-122.2988,37.113)]
+Wood                          St  	[(-122.302,37.06),(-122.3019,37.066)]
+Woodcrest                     Dr  	[(-121.9579,37.225),(-121.9589,37.224)]
+Woodhaven                     Way 	[(-122.208,37.417),(-122.2045,37.411)]
+Woodhue                       Ter 	[(-122.046987,37.6207),(-122.047212,37.62529)]
+Woodridge                     Dr  	[(-122.0631,37.836),(-122.0616,37.82)]
+Woodroe                       Ave 	[(-122.0536,37.855),(-122.0534,37.847)]
+Woodroe                       Ave 	[(-122.0539,37.888),(-122.054,37.891)]
+Woodruff                      Ave 	[(-122.2214,37.03),(-122.2206,37.057)]
+Woolsey                       St  	[(-122.2553,37.538),(-122.2545,37.538)]
+Wooster                       Ct  	[(-122.023499,37.15118),(-122.0237,37.147)]
+Worth                         St  	[(-122.1903,37.362),(-122.1903,37.365)]
+Worth                         St  	[(-122.1915,37.378),(-122.1916,37.379)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-121.7675,37.848),(-121.765632,37.85375),(-121.7636,37.86)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-121.7864,37.791),(-121.7761,37.822)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-121.813721,37.75618),(-121.8049,37.765)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-121.8346,37.733),(-121.8259,37.743)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-121.874759,37.65728),(-121.8727,37.665)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-121.8804,37.27),(-121.8806,37.272),(-121.88678,37.36528)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-121.882149,37.57458),(-121.8813,37.585)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-121.8861,37.94),(-121.8847,37.952)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-121.9304,37.856),(-121.9268,37.789)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-121.958612,37.67823),(-121.9581,37.67)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-122.0223,37.959),(-122.0211,37.949)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-122.0476,37.214),(-122.0473,37.196)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-122.0755,37.589),(-122.0731,37.56)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-122.1877,37.466),(-122.1834,37.43)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-122.2043,37.608),(-122.203628,37.60237)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-122.2145,37.694),(-122.2137,37.688)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-122.2342,37.806),(-122.2295,37.777)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-122.2434,37.865),(-122.241,37.851)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-122.254,37.902),(-122.2506,37.891)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-122.262,37.923),(-122.2607,37.921)]
+Wp Railroad                       	[(-122.2693,37.949),(-122.2682,37.945)]
+Wrenn                         St  	[(-122.2063,37.117),(-122.2056,37.117)]
+Wyndham                       Pl  	[(-122.027,37.724),(-122.0286,37.73)]
+Xavier                        Way 	[(-121.7458,37.778),(-121.7459,37.77)]
+Xavier Common                     	[(-122.049697,37.64509),(-122.050346,37.64313)]
+Yale                          Ave 	[(-122.1205,37.913),(-122.1205,37.907)]
+Yale                          Way 	[(-121.9443,37.098),(-121.9482,37.092)]
+Yampa                         Way 	[(-121.9117,37.641),(-121.9109,37.644)]
+Yellowstone Park              Dr  	[(-121.9686,37.111),(-121.9705,37.117)]
+Yerba Buena                   Ave 	[(-122.2789,37.301),(-122.2843,37.29)]
+Yerba Buena                   Pl  	[(-121.9602,37.678),(-121.9595,37.683)]
+Yerba Buena                   St  	[(-121.960541,37.6819),(-121.9602,37.678)]
+Ygnacio                       Ave 	[(-122.2103,37.756),(-122.2098,37.754)]
+Yolo                          Ave 	[(-122.274,37.85),(-122.273,37.855)]
+York                          Dr  	[(-121.9212,37.098),(-121.9227,37.104)]
+York                          Dr  	[(-122.2415,37.283),(-122.2406,37.261)]
+Yorktown                      Road	[(-121.9507,37.173),(-121.9513,37.172)]
+Yosemite                      Pl  	[(-121.8019,37.853),(-121.8024,37.855)]
+Yosemite                      Road	[(-122.2767,37.968),(-122.2757,37.958)]
+Yosemite                      Way 	[(-122.1108,37.4803),(-122.109445,37.48415)]
+Zacate                        Ave 	[(-121.9575,37.646),(-121.9567,37.64)]
+Zacate                        Ave 	[(-121.9594,37.662),(-121.9589,37.654)]
+Zapata                        Ct  	[(-121.9456,37.171),(-121.94565,37.1705)]
+Zapotec                       Dr  	[(-121.9108,37.899),(-121.9097,37.898)]
+Zephyr                        Ave 	[(-122.0572,37.107),(-122.0556,37.107)]
+Zephyr                        Ave 	[(-122.0584,37.107),(-122.0609,37.107)]
+Ziegler                       Ave 	[(-122.1258,37.483),(-122.125,37.499)]
+Zircon                        Ter 	[(-122.051254,37.64038),(-122.051126,37.63696)]
+100th                         Ave 	[(-122.1657,37.429),(-122.1647,37.432)]
+100th                         Ave 	[(-122.1789,37.364),(-122.1785,37.367)]
+101st                         Ave 	[(-122.1595,37.438),(-122.1583,37.441)]
+104th                         Ave 	[(-122.1583,37.417),(-122.1573,37.423)]
+104th                         Ave 	[(-122.1612,37.411),(-122.1587,37.417)]
+104th                         Ave 	[(-122.1697,37.375),(-122.1681,37.383)]
+105th                         Ave 	[(-122.1774,37.325),(-122.1771,37.327)]
+106th                         Ave 	[(-122.158,37.404),(-122.156,37.409)]
+107th                         Ave 	[(-122.1555,37.403),(-122.1531,37.41)]
+108th                         Ave 	[(-122.1474,37.419),(-122.1468,37.423)]
+10th                          St  	[(-122.0211,37.969),(-122.0198,37.958)]
+10th                          St  	[(-122.0603,37.402),(-122.0593,37.39)]
+10th                          St  	[(-122.2541,37.924),(-122.2537,37.92)]
+10th                          St  	[(-122.2553,37.935),(-122.2545,37.927)]
+10th                          St  	[(-122.2675,37.002),(-122.2687,37.007)]
+10th                          St  	[(-122.2886,37.57),(-122.2883,37.56)]
+10th                          St  	[(-122.2916,37.662),(-122.291,37.644)]
+10th                          St  	[(-122.2918,37.084),(-122.292,37.085)]
+10th                          St  	[(-122.2945,37.75),(-122.2939,37.732)]
+11th                          Ave 	[(-122.2493,37.91),(-122.2483,37.916)]
+11th                          St  	[(-122.0206,37.952),(-122.0192,37.941),(-122.0185,37.934)]
+120 Canal                         	[(-121.587482,37.88204),(-121.587833,37.8825)]
+12th                          Ave 	[(-122.2396,37.958),(-122.2385,37.965)]
+12th                          St  	[(-121.896,37.194),(-121.8932,37.194)]
+12th                          St  	[(-121.9026,37.204),(-121.900288,37.19771),(-121.896959,37.19973)]
+12th                          St  	[(-122.2163,37.718),(-122.2151,37.712)]
+12th                          St  	[(-122.2469,37.891),(-122.2459,37.882)]
+12th                          St  	[(-122.2566,37.974),(-122.256,37.971)]
+12th                          St  	[(-122.2611,37.996),(-122.262,37.998)]
+12th                          St  	[(-122.2644,37.006),(-122.2655,37.011)]
+12th                          St  	[(-122.2807,37.073),(-122.2796,37.068)]
+12th                          St  	[(-122.2889,37.094),(-122.29,37.094)]
+12th                          St  	[(-122.2926,37.103),(-122.2937,37.102)]
+12th                          St  	[(-122.2943,37.103),(-122.2955,37.109),(-122.2964,37.113)]
+136th                         Ave 	[(-122.1399,37.158),(-122.1371,37.18)]
+137th                         Ave 	[(-122.1366,37.176),(-122.1351,37.18)]
+13th                          Ave 	[(-122.235,37.984),(-122.2345,37.99)]
+13th                          Ave 	[(-122.2396,37.944),(-122.2387,37.95)]
+13th                          St  	[(-122.0242,37.962),(-122.0231,37.954)]
+13th                          St  	[(-122.0565,37.386),(-122.0554,37.374)]
+13th                          St  	[(-122.2628,37.009),(-122.2639,37.014)]
+140th                         Ave 	[(-122.1386,37.13),(-122.1374,37.14)]
+141st                         Ave 	[(-122.1368,37.136),(-122.1355,37.147)]
+142nd                         Ave 	[(-122.1348,37.142),(-122.1336,37.153)]
+143rd                         Ave 	[(-122.1408,37.077),(-122.1397,37.085)]
+145th                         Ave 	[(-122.1368,37.082),(-122.1359,37.09)]
+148th                         Ave 	[(-122.1284,37.119),(-122.1277,37.122)]
+14th                          Ave 	[(-122.2244,37.028),(-122.2242,37.036)]
+14th                          Ave 	[(-122.2245,37.036),(-122.2238,37.062)]
+14th                          Ave 	[(-122.2285,37.981),(-122.2283,37.988)]
+14th                          Ave 	[(-122.232,37.965),(-122.2293,37.975)]
+14th                          Ave 	[(-122.2342,37.957),(-122.2332,37.961)]
+14th                          Ave 	[(-122.2357,37.953),(-122.2354,37.953)]
+14th                          Ave 	[(-122.2408,37.923),(-122.2407,37.925)]
+14th                          Ave 	[(-122.2426,37.911),(-122.2419,37.916)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.0238,37.949),(-122.0226,37.938)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1178,37.983),(-122.116,37.971)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1212,37.007),(-122.1206,37.002)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1241,37.027),(-122.1235,37.023),(-122.1226,37.017)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1316,37.081),(-122.1287,37.06)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1378,37.124),(-122.1376,37.123)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.141,37.147),(-122.1397,37.138)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1457,37.181),(-122.145,37.176)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1562,37.262),(-122.1557,37.253)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1626,37.348),(-122.1621,37.344)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1655,37.387),(-122.165101,37.38001)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1682,37.422),(-122.168,37.419)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1709,37.459),(-122.1704,37.453)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1761,37.529),(-122.1757,37.524),(-122.1754,37.52)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1771,37.544),(-122.1768,37.54)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1845,37.581),(-122.1839,37.579)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.1945,37.629),(-122.1936,37.625)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.2128,37.717),(-122.2118,37.713)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.2288,37.798),(-122.228,37.792)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.2419,37.877),(-122.2408,37.871)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.2659,37.03),(-122.2671,37.035)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.2755,37.068),(-122.2741,37.063)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.277,37.073),(-122.2765,37.071)]
+14th                          St  	[(-122.299,37.147),(-122.3,37.148)]
+150th                         Ave 	[(-122.1241,37.085),(-122.123984,37.08583)]
+150th                         Ave 	[(-122.1266,37.065),(-122.1258,37.071)]
+152nd                         Ave 	[(-122.1218,37.072),(-122.1215,37.075)]
+15th                          St  	[(-122.0564,37.416),(-122.056,37.411)]
+15th                          St  	[(-122.2264,37.794),(-122.2258,37.791),(-122.2251,37.789)]
+15th                          St  	[(-122.241,37.885),(-122.2401,37.879)]
+15th                          St  	[(-122.2472,37.923),(-122.2464,37.915)]
+15th                          St  	[(-122.2534,37.976),(-122.2525,37.969)]
+163rd                         Ave 	[(-122.1108,37.985),(-122.1096,37.995)]
+164th                         Ave 	[(-122.1068,37.993),(-122.1069,37.998)]
+164th                         Ave 	[(-122.1101,37.964),(-122.1096,37.968)]
+166th                         Ave 	[(-122.1008,37.99),(-122.1006,37.997)]
+167th                         Ave 	[(-122.1012,37.966),(-122.1006,37.973)]
+168th                         Ave 	[(-122.1046,37.934),(-122.1041,37.938)]
+16th                          Ave 	[(-122.2391,37.924),(-122.2387,37.928)]
+16th                          Ave 	[(-122.2422,37.892),(-122.2418,37.896)]
+16th                          Ave 	[(-122.2438,37.874),(-122.2438,37.876)]
+16th                          St  	[(-122.054,37.414),(-122.0534,37.405)]
+16th                          St  	[(-122.231,37.837),(-122.2306,37.834)]
+16th                          St  	[(-122.2699,37.067),(-122.2713,37.069)]
+16th                          St  	[(-122.2923,37.129),(-122.2926,37.132)]
+170th                         Ave 	[(-122.1029,37.924),(-122.1025,37.93)]
+170th                         Ave 	[(-122.1083,37.891),(-122.1075,37.893)]
+171st                         Ave 	[(-122.1042,37.908),(-122.1031,37.916)]
+173rd                         Ave 	[(-122.0984,37.935),(-122.0976,37.936)]
+17th                          Ave 	[(-122.238,37.918),(-122.2377,37.921)]
+17th                          St  	[(-122.1947,37.648),(-122.1934,37.637)]
+17th                          St  	[(-122.2385,37.895),(-122.2375,37.889)]
+17th                          St  	[(-122.2514,37.99),(-122.2507,37.982)]
+17th                          St  	[(-122.2607,37.043),(-122.2619,37.047)]
+17th                          St  	[(-122.2642,37.057),(-122.2655,37.059)]
+17th                          St  	[(-122.2743,37.087),(-122.2729,37.082)]
+17th                          St  	[(-122.2898,37.132),(-122.29,37.132)]
+17th                          St  	[(-122.2938,37.149),(-122.295,37.155)]
+18th                          Ave 	[(-122.2385,37.895),(-122.2381,37.899)]
+18th                          St  	[(-122.2205,37.811),(-122.219,37.806)]
+18th                          St  	[(-122.2424,37.924),(-122.2416,37.918)]
+18th                          St  	[(-122.2461,37.957),(-122.2453,37.95)]
+18th                          St  	[(-122.254,37.012),(-122.2535,37.01)]
+18th                          St  	[(-122.2775,37.106),(-122.2762,37.101)]
+18th                          St  	[(-122.2775,37.106),(-122.2794,37.109)]
+18th                          St  	[(-122.2803,37.116),(-122.2814,37.119)]
+19th                          Ave 	[(-122.2355,37.91),(-122.2351,37.914),(-122.2344,37.922)]
+19th                          Ave 	[(-122.2366,37.897),(-122.2359,37.905)]
+19th                          Ave 	[(-122.2386,37.877),(-122.2382,37.881)]
+19th                          Ave 	[(-122.2394,37.868),(-122.239,37.873)]
+19th                          Ave 	[(-122.2408,37.854),(-122.2406,37.856)]
+19th                          St  	[(-122.2488,37.994),(-122.2479,37.986)]
+19th                          St  	[(-122.2672,37.079),(-122.2685,37.084)]
+1st                           Ave 	[(-122.2567,37.992),(-122.2558,37.999)]
+1st                           St  	[(-121.7401,37.018),(-121.7401,37.024)]
+1st                           St  	[(-121.7402,37.015),(-121.7401,37.018)]
+1st                           St  	[(-121.7425,37.976),(-121.7417,37.986)]
+1st                           St  	[(-121.75508,37.89294),(-121.753581,37.90031)]
+1st                           St  	[(-121.7716,37.805),(-121.7702,37.809)]
+1st                           St  	[(-121.8728,37.596),(-121.8738,37.587)]
+20th                          Ave 	[(-122.238,37.867),(-122.2376,37.871)]
+20th                          St  	[(-122.2327,37.887),(-122.2308,37.876)]
+20th                          St  	[(-122.2433,37.963),(-122.2424,37.955)]
+20th                          St  	[(-122.2468,37.994),(-122.2459,37.985)]
+20th                          St  	[(-122.2912,37.163),(-122.2926,37.17)]
+21st                          Ave 	[(-122.2341,37.89),(-122.2337,37.893)]
+21st                          Ave 	[(-122.2368,37.859),(-122.2365,37.865)]
+21st                          Ave 	[(-122.2385,37.843),(-122.238,37.847)]
+21st                          St  	[(-122.243,37.975),(-122.2423,37.97)]
+21st                          St  	[(-122.2624,37.099),(-122.2643,37.102)]
+21st                          St  	[(-122.2688,37.109),(-122.2719,37.114)]
+22nd                          Ave 	[(-122.2343,37.871),(-122.2338,37.875)]
+22nd                          St  	[(-122.2227,37.854),(-122.222,37.851)]
+22nd                          St  	[(-122.265,37.114),(-122.2655,37.114)]
+22nd                          St  	[(-122.2756,37.131),(-122.2769,37.136)]
+23rd                          Ave 	[(-122.2272,37.914),(-122.2266,37.92)]
+23rd                          Ave 	[(-122.2298,37.892),(-122.2298,37.894)]
+23rd                          Ave 	[(-122.2339,37.841),(-122.233,37.849)]
+23rd                          Ave 	[(-122.2357,37.824),(-122.2356,37.825)]
+23rd                          Ave 	[(-122.2359,37.817),(-122.236,37.82)]
+23rd                          St  	[(-122.2258,37.878),(-122.2252,37.875)]
+23rd                          St  	[(-122.228,37.896),(-122.2271,37.89)]
+23rd                          St  	[(-122.2404,37.982),(-122.2395,37.974)]
+23rd                          St  	[(-122.2648,37.124),(-122.2658,37.125)]
+23rd Av                       Ovps	[(-122.2356,37.768),(-122.235,37.754)]
+23rd Av                       Ovps	[(-122.236,37.783),(-122.2356,37.768)]
+24th                          Ave 	[(-122.2285,37.873),(-122.2277,37.88),(-122.2271,37.89)]
+24th                          St  	[(-122.233,37.936),(-122.2309,37.923)]
+24th                          St  	[(-122.2352,37.95),(-122.235,37.948)]
+24th                          St  	[(-122.2868,37.183),(-122.2877,37.186)]
+24th                          St  	[(-122.2901,37.198),(-122.2914,37.204)]
+25th                          Ave 	[(-122.2222,37.94),(-122.222,37.942)]
+26th                          Ave 	[(-122.2252,37.875),(-122.2244,37.884)]
+26th                          St  	[(-122.2294,37.939),(-122.2289,37.936)]
+26th                          St  	[(-122.2739,37.171),(-122.2749,37.172)]
+26th                          St  	[(-122.2791,37.183),(-122.28,37.185)]
+27th                          Ave 	[(-122.234,37.773),(-122.2335,37.778)]
+27th                          St  	[(-122.2224,37.918),(-122.2216,37.912)]
+27th                          St  	[(-122.2243,37.928),(-122.2231,37.921)]
+27th                          St  	[(-122.2287,37.945),(-122.2278,37.939)]
+27th                          St  	[(-122.2625,37.151),(-122.2626,37.154)]
+27th                          St  	[(-122.2751,37.181),(-122.276,37.18)]
+28th                          St  	[(-122.2356,37.999),(-122.235,37.994)]
+28th                          St  	[(-122.2671,37.176),(-122.2684,37.179)]
+28th                          St  	[(-122.2754,37.192),(-122.2764,37.193)]
+29th                          St  	[(-122.2633,37.179),(-122.264,37.181)]
+29th                          St  	[(-122.266,37.183),(-122.2668,37.184)]
+29th                          St  	[(-122.2693,37.192),(-122.27,37.194)]
+29th                          St  	[(-122.2707,37.189),(-122.2733,37.194)]
+29th Av                       Ovps	[(-122.2323,37.748),(-122.2321,37.752)]
+2nd                           St  	[(-121.9787,37.76),(-121.9775,37.757)]
+2nd                           St  	[(-121.9825,37.768),(-121.9806,37.763)]
+2nd                           St  	[(-121.986342,37.77609),(-121.9854,37.774),(-121.9842,37.772)]
+2nd                           St  	[(-122.0522,37.685),(-122.05205,37.6854)]
+2nd                           St  	[(-122.0553,37.679),(-122.0539,37.682)]
+2nd                           St  	[(-122.0697,37.696),(-122.0674,37.688)]
+2nd                           St  	[(-122.2781,37.975),(-122.2792,37.979)]
+30th                          St  	[(-122.2789,37.218),(-122.2801,37.22)]
+31st                          Ave 	[(-122.2259,37.771),(-122.2254,37.779)]
+31st                          St  	[(-122.2252,37.982),(-122.224,37.979)]
+31st                          St  	[(-122.2323,37.995),(-122.2303,37.992)]
+31st                          St  	[(-122.2728,37.212),(-122.2756,37.217)]
+32nd                          St  	[(-122.225,37.99),(-122.2244,37.988)]
+32nd                          St  	[(-122.2754,37.227),(-122.2765,37.228)]
+32nd                          St  	[(-122.2839,37.242),(-122.285,37.239)]
+32nd                          St  	[(-122.2893,37.23),(-122.2901,37.229)]
+33rd                          Ave 	[(-122.2235,37.776),(-122.2225,37.798)]
+34th                          Ave 	[(-122.2205,37.811),(-122.2196,37.829)]
+34th                          Ave 	[(-122.2232,37.755),(-122.2225,37.765)]
+34th                          Ave 	[(-122.2251,37.728),(-122.2246,37.737)]
+34th                          St  	[(-122.2637,37.223),(-122.2647,37.225)]
+35th                          Ave 	[(-122.1914,37.983),(-122.1909,37.988)]
+35th                          Ave 	[(-122.2005,37.929),(-122.1996,37.935)]
+35th                          Ave 	[(-122.214,37.85),(-122.2138,37.852)]
+35th                          Ave 	[(-122.2243,37.724),(-122.2238,37.731)]
+35th                          St  	[(-122.2685,37.243),(-122.2692,37.244)]
+35th                          St  	[(-122.2746,37.257),(-122.2779,37.266)]
+35th                          St  	[(-122.2783,37.266),(-122.2792,37.269)]
+36th                          Ave 	[(-122.2196,37.778),(-122.218,37.802)]
+36th                          Ave 	[(-122.2214,37.746),(-122.2206,37.755)]
+36th                          Ave 	[(-122.2221,37.737),(-122.222,37.738)]
+36th                          Ave 	[(-122.2233,37.721),(-122.223,37.725)]
+36th                          Ave 	[(-122.22414,37.70988),(-122.2238,37.716)]
+36th                          St  	[(-122.228,37.022),(-122.227,37.02)]
+36th                          St  	[(-122.2779,37.273),(-122.279,37.277)]
+37th                          Ave 	[(-122.2211,37.732),(-122.221,37.733)]
+37th                          St  	[(-122.2613,37.249),(-122.265,37.257)]
+37th                          St  	[(-122.265,37.26),(-122.2663,37.271)]
+37th                          St  	[(-122.2743,37.274),(-122.2768,37.278)]
+38th                          Ave 	[(-122.1963,37.907),(-122.1954,37.912)]
+38th                          Ave 	[(-122.2202,37.729),(-122.2197,37.734)]
+38th                          St  	[(-122.2204,37.029),(-122.2199,37.028)]
+38th                          St  	[(-122.2571,37.266),(-122.2583,37.268)]
+38th                          St  	[(-122.2587,37.268),(-122.2597,37.269)]
+39th                          Ave 	[(-122.2054,37.85),(-122.205,37.852)]
+39th                          Ave 	[(-122.2163,37.763),(-122.216,37.768)]
+3rd                           St  	[(-121.892355,37.95759),(-121.8908,37.957)]
+3rd                           St  	[(-122.2872,37.803),(-122.287191,37.8084)]
+3rd                           St  	[(-122.2873,37.767),(-122.2873,37.775)]
+3rd                           St  	[(-122.2874,37.739),(-122.2874,37.748)]
+3rd                           St  	[(-122.2894,37.019),(-122.2905,37.021)]
+3rd                           St  	[(-122.2972,37.034),(-122.2982,37.036)]
+40th                          Ave 	[(-122.2156,37.76),(-122.2152,37.764)]
+40th                          St  	[(-122.2585,37.286),(-122.2594,37.288)]
+41st                          Ave 	[(-122.214,37.75),(-122.2135,37.756)]
+41st                          Ave 	[(-122.2153,37.735),(-122.2151,37.738)]
+41st                          Ave 	[(-122.217,37.719),(-122.2169,37.721)]
+41st                          St  	[(-122.2562,37.29),(-122.2571,37.291)]
+41st                          St  	[(-122.2655,37.305),(-122.2653,37.314)]
+41st                          St  	[(-122.2671,37.308),(-122.2677,37.308)]
+41st                          St  	[(-122.2768,37.324),(-122.2773,37.325)]
+42nd                          Ave 	[(-122.2104,37.767),(-122.2097,37.773)]
+42nd                          St  	[(-122.2755,37.33),(-122.2765,37.332)]
+43rd                          St  	[(-122.2673,37.325),(-122.2698,37.329)]
+43rd                          St  	[(-122.2763,37.338),(-122.2768,37.339)]
+45th                          Ave 	[(-122.2088,37.749),(-122.208,37.758)]
+45th                          Ave 	[(-122.2118,37.713),(-122.2109,37.724)]
+45th                          St  	[(-122.2814,37.341),(-122.2825,37.339)]
+46th                          Ave 	[(-122.214,37.685),(-122.2137,37.688)]
+46th                          St  	[(-122.2669,37.345),(-122.2694,37.349)]
+47th                          Ave 	[(-122.2086,37.719),(-122.2082,37.723)]
+48th                          Ave 	[(-122.2059,37.736),(-122.2052,37.745)]
+48th                          St  	[(-122.2633,37.354),(-122.2643,37.356)]
+48th                          St  	[(-122.2782,37.373),(-122.2782,37.37224)]
+49th                          St  	[(-122.2545,37.348),(-122.2552,37.349)]
+4th                           Ave 	[(-122.2534,37.976),(-122.2524,37.983)]
+4th                           St  	[(-121.7778,37.76),(-121.7753,37.769),(-121.7741,37.772)]
+4th                           St  	[(-122.0775,37.831),(-122.0772,37.824)]
+4th                           St  	[(-122.2773,37.988),(-122.2784,37.993)]
+4th                           St  	[(-122.2853,37.738),(-122.2854,37.742)]
+4th                           St  	[(-122.3005,37.885),(-122.3006,37.871)]
+50th                          Ave 	[(-122.2059,37.718),(-122.2054,37.724)]
+50th                          Ave 	[(-122.2108,37.663),(-122.2096,37.675)]
+50th                          Ave 	[(-122.2135,37.638),(-122.2123,37.65)]
+51st                          Ave 	[(-122.2103,37.658),(-122.21,37.661)]
+52nd                          Ave 	[(-122.2096,37.653),(-122.2092,37.657)]
+52nd                          St  	[(-122.268,37.376),(-122.2683,37.376)]
+52nd                          St  	[(-122.2706,37.372),(-122.2728,37.369)]
+53rd                          Ave 	[(-122.2075,37.659),(-122.205,37.679)]
+54th                          Ave 	[(-122.2076,37.649),(-122.2068,37.654)]
+54th                          St  	[(-122.2733,37.386),(-122.275,37.384)]
+55th                          Ave 	[(-122.1886,37.768),(-122.1883,37.77)]
+55th                          Ave 	[(-122.197,37.709),(-122.1963,37.714)]
+55th                          Ave 	[(-122.1996,37.689),(-122.1991,37.695)]
+55th                          St  	[(-122.2641,37.408),(-122.2667,37.404)]
+55th                          St  	[(-122.2824,37.386),(-122.2834,37.384)]
+56th                          St  	[(-122.2692,37.409),(-122.2695,37.409)]
+56th                          St  	[(-122.2735,37.404),(-122.2743,37.403)]
+57th                          Ave 	[(-122.1933,37.711),(-122.1928,37.721)]
+57th                          Ave 	[(-122.1969,37.686),(-122.1964,37.689)]
+57th                          St  	[(-122.2609,37.433),(-122.262,37.435)]
+57th                          St  	[(-122.2661,37.428),(-122.2671,37.426)]
+57th                          St  	[(-122.274,37.418),(-122.2759,37.417)]
+57th                          St  	[(-122.2798,37.409),(-122.2822,37.405)]
+58th                          Ave 	[(-122.1876,37.749),(-122.1867,37.755)]
+58th                          St  	[(-122.2663,37.437),(-122.2673,37.435)]
+58th                          St  	[(-122.2701,37.437),(-122.272,37.435)]
+59th                          St  	[(-122.2587,37.456),(-122.2608,37.454)]
+59th                          St  	[(-122.2665,37.445),(-122.2675,37.445)]
+59th                          St  	[(-122.2863,37.42),(-122.2872,37.418)]
+5th                           Ave 	[(-122.2516,37.975),(-122.2507,37.982)]
+5th                           St  	[(-121.7638,37.795),(-121.7633,37.795)]
+5th                           St  	[(-121.7713,37.772),(-121.7701,37.775)]
+5th                           St  	[(-121.7737,37.765),(-121.7727,37.769)]
+5th                           St  	[(-121.7766,37.757),(-121.7751,37.761)]
+5th                           St  	[(-121.9082,37.114),(-121.9045,37.113)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.0235,37.054),(-122.0224,37.045)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.071,37.754),(-122.0707,37.749)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.0732,37.8),(-122.0725,37.789)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.2732,37.981),(-122.2744,37.986)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.2756,37.991),(-122.2768,37.995)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.278,37),(-122.2792,37.005),(-122.2803,37.009)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.2815,37.766),(-122.2814,37.777)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.2816,37.747),(-122.2816,37.757)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.2901,37.036),(-122.292,37.04)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.2933,37.041),(-122.2946,37.045)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.296,37.615),(-122.2953,37.598)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.2977,37.665),(-122.2972,37.651),(-122.2966,37.633)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.2979,37.866),(-122.2979,37.87)]
+5th                           St  	[(-122.3011,37.775),(-122.3008,37.763)]
+60th                          Ave 	[(-122.1881,37.712),(-122.1868,37.722)]
+60th                          St  	[(-122.2606,37.469),(-122.2615,37.466)]
+60th                          St  	[(-122.2816,37.435),(-122.2831,37.432)]
+61st                          Ave 	[(-122.1973,37.643),(-122.1962,37.65)]
+61st                          St  	[(-122.2861,37.436),(-122.2877,37.433)]
+62nd                          Ave 	[(-122.1794,37.751),(-122.1787,37.755)]
+62nd                          Ave 	[(-122.1916,37.67),(-122.1911,37.673)]
+62nd                          Ave 	[(-122.1992,37.617),(-122.1982,37.623)]
+62nd                          St  	[(-122.254,37.494),(-122.2563,37.491)]
+62nd                          St  	[(-122.268,37.477),(-122.2685,37.476)]
+62nd                          St  	[(-122.2755,37.466),(-122.2749,37.467)]
+62nd                          St  	[(-122.2761,37.465),(-122.276639,37.4632),(-122.2767,37.463)]
+63rd                          Ave 	[(-122.1853,37.7),(-122.1844,37.706)]
+63rd                          St  	[(-122.2563,37.495),(-122.2576,37.493),(-122.2596,37.49)]
+63rd                          St  	[(-122.2604,37.49),(-122.2621,37.487)]
+63rd                          St  	[(-122.2622,37.492),(-122.2651,37.489)]
+63rd                          St  	[(-122.2708,37.481),(-122.269,37.484)]
+64th                          Ave 	[(-122.1758,37.76),(-122.1753,37.767)]
+64th                          Ave 	[(-122.188,37.673),(-122.1852,37.691)]
+64th                          Ave 	[(-122.1921,37.645),(-122.1911,37.652)]
+64th                          St  	[(-122.2869,37.46),(-122.2884,37.455)]
+64th                          St  	[(-122.2945,37.441),(-122.2962,37.439)]
+64th Av                       Pl  	[(-122.1784,37.734),(-122.1767,37.744)]
+65th                          St  	[(-122.2653,37.505),(-122.2661,37.504)]
+65th                          St  	[(-122.2847,37.481),(-122.2874,37.476)]
+66th                          Ave 	[(-122.2013,37.556),(-122.1997,37.564)]
+66th                          Ave 	[(-122.2054,37.542),(-122.2042,37.546)]
+67th                          St  	[(-122.2828,37.504),(-122.283232,37.5031)]
+67th                          St  	[(-122.28407,37.50135),(-122.2852,37.499)]
+67th                          St  	[(-122.2887,37.495),(-122.2913,37.49)]
+69th                          Ave 	[(-122.1927,37.582),(-122.1919,37.587)]
+69th                          Ave 	[(-122.1959,37.56),(-122.1954,37.563)]
+6th                           St  	[(-121.7634,37.785),(-121.7624,37.789)]
+6th                           St  	[(-122.0219,37.032),(-122.0208,37.022)]
+6th                           St  	[(-122.2691,37.975),(-122.2704,37.98)]
+6th                           St  	[(-122.274,37.993),(-122.2752,37.998)]
+6th                           St  	[(-122.2965,37.668),(-122.296,37.653)]
+6th                           St  	[(-122.2982,37.724),(-122.2977,37.705)]
+6th                           St  	[(-122.3012,37.813),(-122.3006,37.795)]
+6th                           St  	[(-122.3016,37.831),(-122.3016,37.826)]
+70 Canal                          	[(-121.576176,37.91958),(-121.57645,37.91996)]
+70th                          Ave 	[(-122.187,37.611),(-122.1862,37.616)]
+71st                          Ave 	[(-122.1908,37.576),(-122.189,37.588)]
+71st                          Ave 	[(-122.195,37.548),(-122.1944,37.553)]
+73rd                          Ave 	[(-122.1746,37.664),(-122.1724,37.68)]
+73rd                          Ave 	[(-122.1768,37.651),(-122.1761,37.655)]
+73rd                          Ave 	[(-122.1802,37.628),(-122.1794,37.633)]
+73rd                          Ave 	[(-122.1837,37.606),(-122.1829,37.611)]
+73rd                          Ave 	[(-122.1915,37.554),(-122.1897,37.565)]
+74th                          Ave 	[(-122.175,37.653),(-122.174,37.66)]
+77th                          Ave 	[(-122.17,37.656),(-122.1682,37.668)]
+78th                          Ave 	[(-122.1697,37.652),(-122.1674,37.663)]
+78th                          Ave 	[(-122.1791,37.593),(-122.1784,37.597)]
+79th                          Ave 	[(-122.1686,37.639),(-122.1662,37.65)]
+7th                           Ave 	[(-122.2413,37.015),(-122.2406,37.021)]
+7th                           Ave 	[(-122.2459,37.985),(-122.2449,37.991)]
+7th                           Ave 	[(-122.2528,37.94),(-122.2518,37.947)]
+7th                           St  	[(-121.7606,37.79),(-121.7597,37.798)]
+7th                           St  	[(-121.7618,37.779),(-121.7615,37.783)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.0047,37.916),(-122.0041,37.92)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.0168,37.978),(-122.0149,37.974)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.0674,37.771),(-122.0667,37.761)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.0693,37.803),(-122.0687,37.793)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.2362,37.753),(-122.235,37.754)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.2759,37.009),(-122.2771,37.014)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.2864,37.041),(-122.2875,37.043)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.2903,37.511),(-122.2902,37.508)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.2916,37.052),(-122.2926,37.055)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.2918,37.562),(-122.2916,37.553)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.2945,37.635),(-122.2938,37.62)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.2996,37.797),(-122.299,37.779),(-122.2985,37.767)]
+7th                           St  	[(-122.3215,37.099),(-122.326,37.102)]
+80th                          Ave 	[(-122.1807,37.563),(-122.1793,37.57)]
+81st                          Ave 	[(-122.1912,37.493),(-122.191,37.495)]
+82nd                          Ave 	[(-122.1659,37.614),(-122.1653,37.619)]
+82nd                          Ave 	[(-122.1695,37.596),(-122.1681,37.603)]
+82nd                          Ave 	[(-122.1764,37.562),(-122.1747,37.57)]
+83rd                          Ave 	[(-122.1741,37.563),(-122.1724,37.571)]
+83rd                          Ave 	[(-122.1799,37.531),(-122.179,37.535)]
+84th                          Ave 	[(-122.1683,37.58),(-122.1665,37.589)]
+85th                          Ave 	[(-122.1677,37.573),(-122.166,37.581)]
+85th                          Ave 	[(-122.173,37.548),(-122.1713,37.556)]
+85th                          Ave 	[(-122.1763,37.533),(-122.1748,37.54)]
+85th                          Ave 	[(-122.1877,37.466),(-122.186,37.476)]
+87th                          Ave 	[(-122.1646,37.561),(-122.1643,37.563)]
+87th                          Ave 	[(-122.1698,37.536),(-122.1681,37.544)]
+87th                          Ave 	[(-122.1834,37.474),(-122.1814,37.484)]
+88th                          Ave 	[(-122.1728,37.514),(-122.1711,37.521)]
+89th                          Ave 	[(-122.1822,37.459),(-122.1803,37.471)]
+8th                           Ave 	[(-122.2489,37.952),(-122.248,37.958)]
+8th                           St  	[(-121.9083,37.161),(-121.9081,37.16)]
+8th                           St  	[(-122.2459,37.882),(-122.2456,37.879)]
+8th                           St  	[(-122.2546,37.914),(-122.2533,37.909)]
+8th                           St  	[(-122.2572,37.935),(-122.256523,37.92898)]
+8th                           St  	[(-122.2755,37.017),(-122.2766,37.022)]
+8th                           St  	[(-122.2955,37.709),(-122.2952,37.698)]
+8th                           St  	[(-122.296,37.748),(-122.296,37.733)]
+8th                           St  	[(-122.2969,37.751),(-122.2967,37.746)]
+90th                          Ave 	[(-122.1769,37.477),(-122.1753,37.485)]
+90th                          Ave 	[(-122.1798,37.464),(-122.1785,37.47)]
+92nd                          Ave 	[(-122.1759,37.464),(-122.1742,37.472)]
+94th                          Ave 	[(-122.1714,37.466),(-122.1704,37.472)]
+96th                          Ave 	[(-122.1621,37.493),(-122.161,37.498)]
+98th                          Ave 	[(-122.1568,37.498),(-122.1558,37.502)]
+98th                          Ave 	[(-122.1693,37.438),(-122.1682,37.444)]
+98th                          Ave 	[(-122.1767,37.401),(-122.1758,37.408)]
+98th                          Ave 	[(-122.1783,37.388),(-122.1773,37.396)]
+98th                          Ave 	[(-122.1791,37.382),(-122.1788,37.384)]
+98th                          Ave 	[(-122.1914,37.294),(-122.1904,37.298)]
+98th                          Ave 	[(-122.2001,37.258),(-122.1974,37.27)]
+99th Av                       Ct  	[(-122.1698,37.427),(-122.1694,37.422)]
+9th                           Ave 	[(-122.2491,37.938),(-122.248,37.945)]
+9th                           Ave 	[(-122.2516,37.922),(-122.2511,37.925)]
+9th                           St  	[(-122.2349,37.779),(-122.234,37.773)]
+9th                           St  	[(-122.27,37.725),(-122.27,37.734)]
+9th                           St  	[(-122.2899,37.576),(-122.2897,37.567)]
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/stud_emp.data b/src/test/regress/data/stud_emp.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ad7566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/stud_emp.data
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+jeff	23	(8,7.7)	600	sharon	3.50000000000000000e+00	\N
+cim	30	(10.5,4.7)	400	\N	3.39999999999999990e+00	\N
+linda	19	(0.9,6.1)	100	\N	2.89999999999999990e+00	\N
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/student.data b/src/test/regress/data/student.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7e29e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/student.data
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+fred	28	(3.1,-1.5)	3.70000000000000020e+00
+larry	60	(21.8,4.9)	3.10000000000000010e+00
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/tenk.data b/src/test/regress/data/tenk.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9064c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/tenk.data
@@ -0,0 +1,10000 @@
+8800	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	800	3800	8800	0	1	MAAAAA	AAAAAA	AAAAxx
+1891	1	1	3	1	11	91	891	1891	1891	1891	182	183	TUAAAA	BAAAAA	HHHHxx
+3420	2	0	0	0	0	20	420	1420	3420	3420	40	41	OBAAAA	CAAAAA	OOOOxx
+9850	3	0	2	0	10	50	850	1850	4850	9850	100	101	WOAAAA	DAAAAA	VVVVxx
+7164	4	0	0	4	4	64	164	1164	2164	7164	128	129	OPAAAA	EAAAAA	AAAAxx
+8009	5	1	1	9	9	9	9	9	3009	8009	18	19	BWAAAA	FAAAAA	HHHHxx
+5057	6	1	1	7	17	57	57	1057	57	5057	114	115	NMAAAA	GAAAAA	OOOOxx
+6701	7	1	1	1	1	1	701	701	1701	6701	2	3	TXAAAA	HAAAAA	VVVVxx
+4321	8	1	1	1	1	21	321	321	4321	4321	42	43	FKAAAA	IAAAAA	AAAAxx
+3043	9	1	3	3	3	43	43	1043	3043	3043	86	87	BNAAAA	JAAAAA	HHHHxx
+1314	10	0	2	4	14	14	314	1314	1314	1314	28	29	OYAAAA	KAAAAA	OOOOxx
+1504	11	0	0	4	4	4	504	1504	1504	1504	8	9	WFAAAA	LAAAAA	VVVVxx
+5222	12	0	2	2	2	22	222	1222	222	5222	44	45	WSAAAA	MAAAAA	AAAAxx
+6243	13	1	3	3	3	43	243	243	1243	6243	86	87	DGAAAA	NAAAAA	HHHHxx
+5471	14	1	3	1	11	71	471	1471	471	5471	142	143	LCAAAA	OAAAAA	OOOOxx
+5006	15	0	2	6	6	6	6	1006	6	5006	12	13	OKAAAA	PAAAAA	VVVVxx
+5387	16	1	3	7	7	87	387	1387	387	5387	174	175	FZAAAA	QAAAAA	AAAAxx
+5785	17	1	1	5	5	85	785	1785	785	5785	170	171	NOAAAA	RAAAAA	HHHHxx
+6621	18	1	1	1	1	21	621	621	1621	6621	42	43	RUAAAA	SAAAAA	OOOOxx
+6969	19	1	1	9	9	69	969	969	1969	6969	138	139	BIAAAA	TAAAAA	VVVVxx
+9460	20	0	0	0	0	60	460	1460	4460	9460	120	121	WZAAAA	UAAAAA	AAAAxx
+59	21	1	3	9	19	59	59	59	59	59	118	119	HCAAAA	VAAAAA	HHHHxx
+8020	22	0	0	0	0	20	20	20	3020	8020	40	41	MWAAAA	WAAAAA	OOOOxx
+7695	23	1	3	5	15	95	695	1695	2695	7695	190	191	ZJAAAA	XAAAAA	VVVVxx
+3442	24	0	2	2	2	42	442	1442	3442	3442	84	85	KCAAAA	YAAAAA	AAAAxx
+5119	25	1	3	9	19	19	119	1119	119	5119	38	39	XOAAAA	ZAAAAA	HHHHxx
+646	26	0	2	6	6	46	646	646	646	646	92	93	WYAAAA	ABAAAA	OOOOxx
+9605	27	1	1	5	5	5	605	1605	4605	9605	10	11	LFAAAA	BBAAAA	VVVVxx
+263	28	1	3	3	3	63	263	263	263	263	126	127	DKAAAA	CBAAAA	AAAAxx
+3269	29	1	1	9	9	69	269	1269	3269	3269	138	139	TVAAAA	DBAAAA	HHHHxx
+1839	30	1	3	9	19	39	839	1839	1839	1839	78	79	TSAAAA	EBAAAA	OOOOxx
+9144	31	0	0	4	4	44	144	1144	4144	9144	88	89	SNAAAA	FBAAAA	VVVVxx
+2513	32	1	1	3	13	13	513	513	2513	2513	26	27	RSAAAA	GBAAAA	AAAAxx
+8850	33	0	2	0	10	50	850	850	3850	8850	100	101	KCAAAA	HBAAAA	HHHHxx
+236	34	0	0	6	16	36	236	236	236	236	72	73	CJAAAA	IBAAAA	OOOOxx
+3162	35	0	2	2	2	62	162	1162	3162	3162	124	125	QRAAAA	JBAAAA	VVVVxx
+4380	36	0	0	0	0	80	380	380	4380	4380	160	161	MMAAAA	KBAAAA	AAAAxx
+8095	37	1	3	5	15	95	95	95	3095	8095	190	191	JZAAAA	LBAAAA	HHHHxx
+209	38	1	1	9	9	9	209	209	209	209	18	19	BIAAAA	MBAAAA	OOOOxx
+3055	39	1	3	5	15	55	55	1055	3055	3055	110	111	NNAAAA	NBAAAA	VVVVxx
+6921	40	1	1	1	1	21	921	921	1921	6921	42	43	FGAAAA	OBAAAA	AAAAxx
+7046	41	0	2	6	6	46	46	1046	2046	7046	92	93	ALAAAA	PBAAAA	HHHHxx
+7912	42	0	0	2	12	12	912	1912	2912	7912	24	25	ISAAAA	QBAAAA	OOOOxx
+7267	43	1	3	7	7	67	267	1267	2267	7267	134	135	NTAAAA	RBAAAA	VVVVxx
+3599	44	1	3	9	19	99	599	1599	3599	3599	198	199	LIAAAA	SBAAAA	AAAAxx
+923	45	1	3	3	3	23	923	923	923	923	46	47	NJAAAA	TBAAAA	HHHHxx
+1437	46	1	1	7	17	37	437	1437	1437	1437	74	75	HDAAAA	UBAAAA	OOOOxx
+6439	47	1	3	9	19	39	439	439	1439	6439	78	79	RNAAAA	VBAAAA	VVVVxx
+6989	48	1	1	9	9	89	989	989	1989	6989	178	179	VIAAAA	WBAAAA	AAAAxx
+8798	49	0	2	8	18	98	798	798	3798	8798	196	197	KAAAAA	XBAAAA	HHHHxx
+5960	50	0	0	0	0	60	960	1960	960	5960	120	121	GVAAAA	YBAAAA	OOOOxx
+5832	51	0	0	2	12	32	832	1832	832	5832	64	65	IQAAAA	ZBAAAA	VVVVxx
+6066	52	0	2	6	6	66	66	66	1066	6066	132	133	IZAAAA	ACAAAA	AAAAxx
+322	53	0	2	2	2	22	322	322	322	322	44	45	KMAAAA	BCAAAA	HHHHxx
+8321	54	1	1	1	1	21	321	321	3321	8321	42	43	BIAAAA	CCAAAA	OOOOxx
+734	55	0	2	4	14	34	734	734	734	734	68	69	GCAAAA	DCAAAA	VVVVxx
+688	56	0	0	8	8	88	688	688	688	688	176	177	MAAAAA	ECAAAA	AAAAxx
+4212	57	0	0	2	12	12	212	212	4212	4212	24	25	AGAAAA	FCAAAA	HHHHxx
+9653	58	1	1	3	13	53	653	1653	4653	9653	106	107	HHAAAA	GCAAAA	OOOOxx
+2677	59	1	1	7	17	77	677	677	2677	2677	154	155	ZYAAAA	HCAAAA	VVVVxx
+5423	60	1	3	3	3	23	423	1423	423	5423	46	47	PAAAAA	ICAAAA	AAAAxx
+2592	61	0	0	2	12	92	592	592	2592	2592	184	185	SVAAAA	JCAAAA	HHHHxx
+3233	62	1	1	3	13	33	233	1233	3233	3233	66	67	JUAAAA	KCAAAA	OOOOxx
+5032	63	0	0	2	12	32	32	1032	32	5032	64	65	OLAAAA	LCAAAA	VVVVxx
+2525	64	1	1	5	5	25	525	525	2525	2525	50	51	DTAAAA	MCAAAA	AAAAxx
+4450	65	0	2	0	10	50	450	450	4450	4450	100	101	EPAAAA	NCAAAA	HHHHxx
+5778	66	0	2	8	18	78	778	1778	778	5778	156	157	GOAAAA	OCAAAA	OOOOxx
+5852	67	0	0	2	12	52	852	1852	852	5852	104	105	CRAAAA	PCAAAA	VVVVxx
+5404	68	0	0	4	4	4	404	1404	404	5404	8	9	WZAAAA	QCAAAA	AAAAxx
+6223	69	1	3	3	3	23	223	223	1223	6223	46	47	JFAAAA	RCAAAA	HHHHxx
+6133	70	1	1	3	13	33	133	133	1133	6133	66	67	XBAAAA	SCAAAA	OOOOxx
+9112	71	0	0	2	12	12	112	1112	4112	9112	24	25	MMAAAA	TCAAAA	VVVVxx
+7575	72	1	3	5	15	75	575	1575	2575	7575	150	151	JFAAAA	UCAAAA	AAAAxx
+7414	73	0	2	4	14	14	414	1414	2414	7414	28	29	EZAAAA	VCAAAA	HHHHxx
+9741	74	1	1	1	1	41	741	1741	4741	9741	82	83	RKAAAA	WCAAAA	OOOOxx
+3767	75	1	3	7	7	67	767	1767	3767	3767	134	135	XOAAAA	XCAAAA	VVVVxx
+9372	76	0	0	2	12	72	372	1372	4372	9372	144	145	MWAAAA	YCAAAA	AAAAxx
+8976	77	0	0	6	16	76	976	976	3976	8976	152	153	GHAAAA	ZCAAAA	HHHHxx
+4071	78	1	3	1	11	71	71	71	4071	4071	142	143	PAAAAA	ADAAAA	OOOOxx
+1311	79	1	3	1	11	11	311	1311	1311	1311	22	23	LYAAAA	BDAAAA	VVVVxx
+2604	80	0	0	4	4	4	604	604	2604	2604	8	9	EWAAAA	CDAAAA	AAAAxx
+8840	81	0	0	0	0	40	840	840	3840	8840	80	81	ACAAAA	DDAAAA	HHHHxx
+567	82	1	3	7	7	67	567	567	567	567	134	135	VVAAAA	EDAAAA	OOOOxx
+5215	83	1	3	5	15	15	215	1215	215	5215	30	31	PSAAAA	FDAAAA	VVVVxx
+5474	84	0	2	4	14	74	474	1474	474	5474	148	149	OCAAAA	GDAAAA	AAAAxx
+3906	85	0	2	6	6	6	906	1906	3906	3906	12	13	GUAAAA	HDAAAA	HHHHxx
+1769	86	1	1	9	9	69	769	1769	1769	1769	138	139	BQAAAA	IDAAAA	OOOOxx
+1454	87	0	2	4	14	54	454	1454	1454	1454	108	109	YDAAAA	JDAAAA	VVVVxx
+6877	88	1	1	7	17	77	877	877	1877	6877	154	155	NEAAAA	KDAAAA	AAAAxx
+6501	89	1	1	1	1	1	501	501	1501	6501	2	3	BQAAAA	LDAAAA	HHHHxx
+934	90	0	2	4	14	34	934	934	934	934	68	69	YJAAAA	MDAAAA	OOOOxx
+4075	91	1	3	5	15	75	75	75	4075	4075	150	151	TAAAAA	NDAAAA	VVVVxx
+3180	92	0	0	0	0	80	180	1180	3180	3180	160	161	ISAAAA	ODAAAA	AAAAxx
+7787	93	1	3	7	7	87	787	1787	2787	7787	174	175	NNAAAA	PDAAAA	HHHHxx
+6401	94	1	1	1	1	1	401	401	1401	6401	2	3	FMAAAA	QDAAAA	OOOOxx
+4244	95	0	0	4	4	44	244	244	4244	4244	88	89	GHAAAA	RDAAAA	VVVVxx
+4591	96	1	3	1	11	91	591	591	4591	4591	182	183	PUAAAA	SDAAAA	AAAAxx
+4113	97	1	1	3	13	13	113	113	4113	4113	26	27	FCAAAA	TDAAAA	HHHHxx
+5925	98	1	1	5	5	25	925	1925	925	5925	50	51	XTAAAA	UDAAAA	OOOOxx
+1987	99	1	3	7	7	87	987	1987	1987	1987	174	175	LYAAAA	VDAAAA	VVVVxx
+8248	100	0	0	8	8	48	248	248	3248	8248	96	97	GFAAAA	WDAAAA	AAAAxx
+4151	101	1	3	1	11	51	151	151	4151	4151	102	103	RDAAAA	XDAAAA	HHHHxx
+8670	102	0	2	0	10	70	670	670	3670	8670	140	141	MVAAAA	YDAAAA	OOOOxx
+6194	103	0	2	4	14	94	194	194	1194	6194	188	189	GEAAAA	ZDAAAA	VVVVxx
+88	104	0	0	8	8	88	88	88	88	88	176	177	KDAAAA	AEAAAA	AAAAxx
+4058	105	0	2	8	18	58	58	58	4058	4058	116	117	CAAAAA	BEAAAA	HHHHxx
+2742	106	0	2	2	2	42	742	742	2742	2742	84	85	MBAAAA	CEAAAA	OOOOxx
+8275	107	1	3	5	15	75	275	275	3275	8275	150	151	HGAAAA	DEAAAA	VVVVxx
+4258	108	0	2	8	18	58	258	258	4258	4258	116	117	UHAAAA	EEAAAA	AAAAxx
+6129	109	1	1	9	9	29	129	129	1129	6129	58	59	TBAAAA	FEAAAA	HHHHxx
+7243	110	1	3	3	3	43	243	1243	2243	7243	86	87	PSAAAA	GEAAAA	OOOOxx
+2392	111	0	0	2	12	92	392	392	2392	2392	184	185	AOAAAA	HEAAAA	VVVVxx
+9853	112	1	1	3	13	53	853	1853	4853	9853	106	107	ZOAAAA	IEAAAA	AAAAxx
+6064	113	0	0	4	4	64	64	64	1064	6064	128	129	GZAAAA	JEAAAA	HHHHxx
+4391	114	1	3	1	11	91	391	391	4391	4391	182	183	XMAAAA	KEAAAA	OOOOxx
+726	115	0	2	6	6	26	726	726	726	726	52	53	YBAAAA	LEAAAA	VVVVxx
+6957	116	1	1	7	17	57	957	957	1957	6957	114	115	PHAAAA	MEAAAA	AAAAxx
+3853	117	1	1	3	13	53	853	1853	3853	3853	106	107	FSAAAA	NEAAAA	HHHHxx
+4524	118	0	0	4	4	24	524	524	4524	4524	48	49	ASAAAA	OEAAAA	OOOOxx
+5330	119	0	2	0	10	30	330	1330	330	5330	60	61	AXAAAA	PEAAAA	VVVVxx
+6671	120	1	3	1	11	71	671	671	1671	6671	142	143	PWAAAA	QEAAAA	AAAAxx
+5314	121	0	2	4	14	14	314	1314	314	5314	28	29	KWAAAA	REAAAA	HHHHxx
+9202	122	0	2	2	2	2	202	1202	4202	9202	4	5	YPAAAA	SEAAAA	OOOOxx
+4596	123	0	0	6	16	96	596	596	4596	4596	192	193	UUAAAA	TEAAAA	VVVVxx
+8951	124	1	3	1	11	51	951	951	3951	8951	102	103	HGAAAA	UEAAAA	AAAAxx
+9902	125	0	2	2	2	2	902	1902	4902	9902	4	5	WQAAAA	VEAAAA	HHHHxx
+1440	126	0	0	0	0	40	440	1440	1440	1440	80	81	KDAAAA	WEAAAA	OOOOxx
+5339	127	1	3	9	19	39	339	1339	339	5339	78	79	JXAAAA	XEAAAA	VVVVxx
+3371	128	1	3	1	11	71	371	1371	3371	3371	142	143	RZAAAA	YEAAAA	AAAAxx
+4467	129	1	3	7	7	67	467	467	4467	4467	134	135	VPAAAA	ZEAAAA	HHHHxx
+6216	130	0	0	6	16	16	216	216	1216	6216	32	33	CFAAAA	AFAAAA	OOOOxx
+5364	131	0	0	4	4	64	364	1364	364	5364	128	129	IYAAAA	BFAAAA	VVVVxx
+7547	132	1	3	7	7	47	547	1547	2547	7547	94	95	HEAAAA	CFAAAA	AAAAxx
+4338	133	0	2	8	18	38	338	338	4338	4338	76	77	WKAAAA	DFAAAA	HHHHxx
+3481	134	1	1	1	1	81	481	1481	3481	3481	162	163	XDAAAA	EFAAAA	OOOOxx
+826	135	0	2	6	6	26	826	826	826	826	52	53	UFAAAA	FFAAAA	VVVVxx
+3647	136	1	3	7	7	47	647	1647	3647	3647	94	95	HKAAAA	GFAAAA	AAAAxx
+3337	137	1	1	7	17	37	337	1337	3337	3337	74	75	JYAAAA	HFAAAA	HHHHxx
+3591	138	1	3	1	11	91	591	1591	3591	3591	182	183	DIAAAA	IFAAAA	OOOOxx
+7192	139	0	0	2	12	92	192	1192	2192	7192	184	185	QQAAAA	JFAAAA	VVVVxx
+1078	140	0	2	8	18	78	78	1078	1078	1078	156	157	MPAAAA	KFAAAA	AAAAxx
+1310	141	0	2	0	10	10	310	1310	1310	1310	20	21	KYAAAA	LFAAAA	HHHHxx
+9642	142	0	2	2	2	42	642	1642	4642	9642	84	85	WGAAAA	MFAAAA	OOOOxx
+39	143	1	3	9	19	39	39	39	39	39	78	79	NBAAAA	NFAAAA	VVVVxx
+8682	144	0	2	2	2	82	682	682	3682	8682	164	165	YVAAAA	OFAAAA	AAAAxx
+1794	145	0	2	4	14	94	794	1794	1794	1794	188	189	ARAAAA	PFAAAA	HHHHxx
+5630	146	0	2	0	10	30	630	1630	630	5630	60	61	OIAAAA	QFAAAA	OOOOxx
+6748	147	0	0	8	8	48	748	748	1748	6748	96	97	OZAAAA	RFAAAA	VVVVxx
+3766	148	0	2	6	6	66	766	1766	3766	3766	132	133	WOAAAA	SFAAAA	AAAAxx
+6403	149	1	3	3	3	3	403	403	1403	6403	6	7	HMAAAA	TFAAAA	HHHHxx
+175	150	1	3	5	15	75	175	175	175	175	150	151	TGAAAA	UFAAAA	OOOOxx
+2179	151	1	3	9	19	79	179	179	2179	2179	158	159	VFAAAA	VFAAAA	VVVVxx
+7897	152	1	1	7	17	97	897	1897	2897	7897	194	195	TRAAAA	WFAAAA	AAAAxx
+2760	153	0	0	0	0	60	760	760	2760	2760	120	121	ECAAAA	XFAAAA	HHHHxx
+1675	154	1	3	5	15	75	675	1675	1675	1675	150	151	LMAAAA	YFAAAA	OOOOxx
+2564	155	0	0	4	4	64	564	564	2564	2564	128	129	QUAAAA	ZFAAAA	VVVVxx
+157	156	1	1	7	17	57	157	157	157	157	114	115	BGAAAA	AGAAAA	AAAAxx
+8779	157	1	3	9	19	79	779	779	3779	8779	158	159	RZAAAA	BGAAAA	HHHHxx
+9591	158	1	3	1	11	91	591	1591	4591	9591	182	183	XEAAAA	CGAAAA	OOOOxx
+8732	159	0	0	2	12	32	732	732	3732	8732	64	65	WXAAAA	DGAAAA	VVVVxx
+139	160	1	3	9	19	39	139	139	139	139	78	79	JFAAAA	EGAAAA	AAAAxx
+5372	161	0	0	2	12	72	372	1372	372	5372	144	145	QYAAAA	FGAAAA	HHHHxx
+1278	162	0	2	8	18	78	278	1278	1278	1278	156	157	EXAAAA	GGAAAA	OOOOxx
+4697	163	1	1	7	17	97	697	697	4697	4697	194	195	RYAAAA	HGAAAA	VVVVxx
+8610	164	0	2	0	10	10	610	610	3610	8610	20	21	ETAAAA	IGAAAA	AAAAxx
+8180	165	0	0	0	0	80	180	180	3180	8180	160	161	QCAAAA	JGAAAA	HHHHxx
+2399	166	1	3	9	19	99	399	399	2399	2399	198	199	HOAAAA	KGAAAA	OOOOxx
+615	167	1	3	5	15	15	615	615	615	615	30	31	RXAAAA	LGAAAA	VVVVxx
+7629	168	1	1	9	9	29	629	1629	2629	7629	58	59	LHAAAA	MGAAAA	AAAAxx
+7628	169	0	0	8	8	28	628	1628	2628	7628	56	57	KHAAAA	NGAAAA	HHHHxx
+4659	170	1	3	9	19	59	659	659	4659	4659	118	119	FXAAAA	OGAAAA	OOOOxx
+5865	171	1	1	5	5	65	865	1865	865	5865	130	131	PRAAAA	PGAAAA	VVVVxx
+3973	172	1	1	3	13	73	973	1973	3973	3973	146	147	VWAAAA	QGAAAA	AAAAxx
+552	173	0	0	2	12	52	552	552	552	552	104	105	GVAAAA	RGAAAA	HHHHxx
+708	174	0	0	8	8	8	708	708	708	708	16	17	GBAAAA	SGAAAA	OOOOxx
+3550	175	0	2	0	10	50	550	1550	3550	3550	100	101	OGAAAA	TGAAAA	VVVVxx
+5547	176	1	3	7	7	47	547	1547	547	5547	94	95	JFAAAA	UGAAAA	AAAAxx
+489	177	1	1	9	9	89	489	489	489	489	178	179	VSAAAA	VGAAAA	HHHHxx
+3794	178	0	2	4	14	94	794	1794	3794	3794	188	189	YPAAAA	WGAAAA	OOOOxx
+9479	179	1	3	9	19	79	479	1479	4479	9479	158	159	PAAAAA	XGAAAA	VVVVxx
+6435	180	1	3	5	15	35	435	435	1435	6435	70	71	NNAAAA	YGAAAA	AAAAxx
+5120	181	0	0	0	0	20	120	1120	120	5120	40	41	YOAAAA	ZGAAAA	HHHHxx
+3615	182	1	3	5	15	15	615	1615	3615	3615	30	31	BJAAAA	AHAAAA	OOOOxx
+8399	183	1	3	9	19	99	399	399	3399	8399	198	199	BLAAAA	BHAAAA	VVVVxx
+2155	184	1	3	5	15	55	155	155	2155	2155	110	111	XEAAAA	CHAAAA	AAAAxx
+6690	185	0	2	0	10	90	690	690	1690	6690	180	181	IXAAAA	DHAAAA	HHHHxx
+1683	186	1	3	3	3	83	683	1683	1683	1683	166	167	TMAAAA	EHAAAA	OOOOxx
+6302	187	0	2	2	2	2	302	302	1302	6302	4	5	KIAAAA	FHAAAA	VVVVxx
+516	188	0	0	6	16	16	516	516	516	516	32	33	WTAAAA	GHAAAA	AAAAxx
+3901	189	1	1	1	1	1	901	1901	3901	3901	2	3	BUAAAA	HHAAAA	HHHHxx
+6938	190	0	2	8	18	38	938	938	1938	6938	76	77	WGAAAA	IHAAAA	OOOOxx
+7484	191	0	0	4	4	84	484	1484	2484	7484	168	169	WBAAAA	JHAAAA	VVVVxx
+7424	192	0	0	4	4	24	424	1424	2424	7424	48	49	OZAAAA	KHAAAA	AAAAxx
+9410	193	0	2	0	10	10	410	1410	4410	9410	20	21	YXAAAA	LHAAAA	HHHHxx
+1714	194	0	2	4	14	14	714	1714	1714	1714	28	29	YNAAAA	MHAAAA	OOOOxx
+8278	195	0	2	8	18	78	278	278	3278	8278	156	157	KGAAAA	NHAAAA	VVVVxx
+3158	196	0	2	8	18	58	158	1158	3158	3158	116	117	MRAAAA	OHAAAA	AAAAxx
+2511	197	1	3	1	11	11	511	511	2511	2511	22	23	PSAAAA	PHAAAA	HHHHxx
+2912	198	0	0	2	12	12	912	912	2912	2912	24	25	AIAAAA	QHAAAA	OOOOxx
+2648	199	0	0	8	8	48	648	648	2648	2648	96	97	WXAAAA	RHAAAA	VVVVxx
+9385	200	1	1	5	5	85	385	1385	4385	9385	170	171	ZWAAAA	SHAAAA	AAAAxx
+7545	201	1	1	5	5	45	545	1545	2545	7545	90	91	FEAAAA	THAAAA	HHHHxx
+8407	202	1	3	7	7	7	407	407	3407	8407	14	15	JLAAAA	UHAAAA	OOOOxx
+5893	203	1	1	3	13	93	893	1893	893	5893	186	187	RSAAAA	VHAAAA	VVVVxx
+7049	204	1	1	9	9	49	49	1049	2049	7049	98	99	DLAAAA	WHAAAA	AAAAxx
+6812	205	0	0	2	12	12	812	812	1812	6812	24	25	ACAAAA	XHAAAA	HHHHxx
+3649	206	1	1	9	9	49	649	1649	3649	3649	98	99	JKAAAA	YHAAAA	OOOOxx
+9275	207	1	3	5	15	75	275	1275	4275	9275	150	151	TSAAAA	ZHAAAA	VVVVxx
+1179	208	1	3	9	19	79	179	1179	1179	1179	158	159	JTAAAA	AIAAAA	AAAAxx
+969	209	1	1	9	9	69	969	969	969	969	138	139	HLAAAA	BIAAAA	HHHHxx
+7920	210	0	0	0	0	20	920	1920	2920	7920	40	41	QSAAAA	CIAAAA	OOOOxx
+998	211	0	2	8	18	98	998	998	998	998	196	197	KMAAAA	DIAAAA	VVVVxx
+3958	212	0	2	8	18	58	958	1958	3958	3958	116	117	GWAAAA	EIAAAA	AAAAxx
+6052	213	0	0	2	12	52	52	52	1052	6052	104	105	UYAAAA	FIAAAA	HHHHxx
+8791	214	1	3	1	11	91	791	791	3791	8791	182	183	DAAAAA	GIAAAA	OOOOxx
+5191	215	1	3	1	11	91	191	1191	191	5191	182	183	RRAAAA	HIAAAA	VVVVxx
+4267	216	1	3	7	7	67	267	267	4267	4267	134	135	DIAAAA	IIAAAA	AAAAxx
+2829	217	1	1	9	9	29	829	829	2829	2829	58	59	VEAAAA	JIAAAA	HHHHxx
+6396	218	0	0	6	16	96	396	396	1396	6396	192	193	AMAAAA	KIAAAA	OOOOxx
+9413	219	1	1	3	13	13	413	1413	4413	9413	26	27	BYAAAA	LIAAAA	VVVVxx
+614	220	0	2	4	14	14	614	614	614	614	28	29	QXAAAA	MIAAAA	AAAAxx
+4660	221	0	0	0	0	60	660	660	4660	4660	120	121	GXAAAA	NIAAAA	HHHHxx
+8834	222	0	2	4	14	34	834	834	3834	8834	68	69	UBAAAA	OIAAAA	OOOOxx
+2767	223	1	3	7	7	67	767	767	2767	2767	134	135	LCAAAA	PIAAAA	VVVVxx
+2444	224	0	0	4	4	44	444	444	2444	2444	88	89	AQAAAA	QIAAAA	AAAAxx
+4129	225	1	1	9	9	29	129	129	4129	4129	58	59	VCAAAA	RIAAAA	HHHHxx
+3394	226	0	2	4	14	94	394	1394	3394	3394	188	189	OAAAAA	SIAAAA	OOOOxx
+2705	227	1	1	5	5	5	705	705	2705	2705	10	11	BAAAAA	TIAAAA	VVVVxx
+8499	228	1	3	9	19	99	499	499	3499	8499	198	199	XOAAAA	UIAAAA	AAAAxx
+8852	229	0	0	2	12	52	852	852	3852	8852	104	105	MCAAAA	VIAAAA	HHHHxx
+6174	230	0	2	4	14	74	174	174	1174	6174	148	149	MDAAAA	WIAAAA	OOOOxx
+750	231	0	2	0	10	50	750	750	750	750	100	101	WCAAAA	XIAAAA	VVVVxx
+8164	232	0	0	4	4	64	164	164	3164	8164	128	129	ACAAAA	YIAAAA	AAAAxx
+4930	233	0	2	0	10	30	930	930	4930	4930	60	61	QHAAAA	ZIAAAA	HHHHxx
+9904	234	0	0	4	4	4	904	1904	4904	9904	8	9	YQAAAA	AJAAAA	OOOOxx
+7378	235	0	2	8	18	78	378	1378	2378	7378	156	157	UXAAAA	BJAAAA	VVVVxx
+2927	236	1	3	7	7	27	927	927	2927	2927	54	55	PIAAAA	CJAAAA	AAAAxx
+7155	237	1	3	5	15	55	155	1155	2155	7155	110	111	FPAAAA	DJAAAA	HHHHxx
+1302	238	0	2	2	2	2	302	1302	1302	1302	4	5	CYAAAA	EJAAAA	OOOOxx
+5904	239	0	0	4	4	4	904	1904	904	5904	8	9	CTAAAA	FJAAAA	VVVVxx
+9687	240	1	3	7	7	87	687	1687	4687	9687	174	175	PIAAAA	GJAAAA	AAAAxx
+3553	241	1	1	3	13	53	553	1553	3553	3553	106	107	RGAAAA	HJAAAA	HHHHxx
+4447	242	1	3	7	7	47	447	447	4447	4447	94	95	BPAAAA	IJAAAA	OOOOxx
+6878	243	0	2	8	18	78	878	878	1878	6878	156	157	OEAAAA	JJAAAA	VVVVxx
+9470	244	0	2	0	10	70	470	1470	4470	9470	140	141	GAAAAA	KJAAAA	AAAAxx
+9735	245	1	3	5	15	35	735	1735	4735	9735	70	71	LKAAAA	LJAAAA	HHHHxx
+5967	246	1	3	7	7	67	967	1967	967	5967	134	135	NVAAAA	MJAAAA	OOOOxx
+6601	247	1	1	1	1	1	601	601	1601	6601	2	3	XTAAAA	NJAAAA	VVVVxx
+7631	248	1	3	1	11	31	631	1631	2631	7631	62	63	NHAAAA	OJAAAA	AAAAxx
+3559	249	1	3	9	19	59	559	1559	3559	3559	118	119	XGAAAA	PJAAAA	HHHHxx
+2247	250	1	3	7	7	47	247	247	2247	2247	94	95	LIAAAA	QJAAAA	OOOOxx
+9649	251	1	1	9	9	49	649	1649	4649	9649	98	99	DHAAAA	RJAAAA	VVVVxx
+808	252	0	0	8	8	8	808	808	808	808	16	17	CFAAAA	SJAAAA	AAAAxx
+240	253	0	0	0	0	40	240	240	240	240	80	81	GJAAAA	TJAAAA	HHHHxx
+5031	254	1	3	1	11	31	31	1031	31	5031	62	63	NLAAAA	UJAAAA	OOOOxx
+9563	255	1	3	3	3	63	563	1563	4563	9563	126	127	VDAAAA	VJAAAA	VVVVxx
+5656	256	0	0	6	16	56	656	1656	656	5656	112	113	OJAAAA	WJAAAA	AAAAxx
+3886	257	0	2	6	6	86	886	1886	3886	3886	172	173	MTAAAA	XJAAAA	HHHHxx
+2431	258	1	3	1	11	31	431	431	2431	2431	62	63	NPAAAA	YJAAAA	OOOOxx
+5560	259	0	0	0	0	60	560	1560	560	5560	120	121	WFAAAA	ZJAAAA	VVVVxx
+9065	260	1	1	5	5	65	65	1065	4065	9065	130	131	RKAAAA	AKAAAA	AAAAxx
+8130	261	0	2	0	10	30	130	130	3130	8130	60	61	SAAAAA	BKAAAA	HHHHxx
+4054	262	0	2	4	14	54	54	54	4054	4054	108	109	YZAAAA	CKAAAA	OOOOxx
+873	263	1	1	3	13	73	873	873	873	873	146	147	PHAAAA	DKAAAA	VVVVxx
+3092	264	0	0	2	12	92	92	1092	3092	3092	184	185	YOAAAA	EKAAAA	AAAAxx
+6697	265	1	1	7	17	97	697	697	1697	6697	194	195	PXAAAA	FKAAAA	HHHHxx
+2452	266	0	0	2	12	52	452	452	2452	2452	104	105	IQAAAA	GKAAAA	OOOOxx
+7867	267	1	3	7	7	67	867	1867	2867	7867	134	135	PQAAAA	HKAAAA	VVVVxx
+3753	268	1	1	3	13	53	753	1753	3753	3753	106	107	JOAAAA	IKAAAA	AAAAxx
+7834	269	0	2	4	14	34	834	1834	2834	7834	68	69	IPAAAA	JKAAAA	HHHHxx
+5846	270	0	2	6	6	46	846	1846	846	5846	92	93	WQAAAA	KKAAAA	OOOOxx
+7604	271	0	0	4	4	4	604	1604	2604	7604	8	9	MGAAAA	LKAAAA	VVVVxx
+3452	272	0	0	2	12	52	452	1452	3452	3452	104	105	UCAAAA	MKAAAA	AAAAxx
+4788	273	0	0	8	8	88	788	788	4788	4788	176	177	ECAAAA	NKAAAA	HHHHxx
+8600	274	0	0	0	0	0	600	600	3600	8600	0	1	USAAAA	OKAAAA	OOOOxx
+8511	275	1	3	1	11	11	511	511	3511	8511	22	23	JPAAAA	PKAAAA	VVVVxx
+4452	276	0	0	2	12	52	452	452	4452	4452	104	105	GPAAAA	QKAAAA	AAAAxx
+1709	277	1	1	9	9	9	709	1709	1709	1709	18	19	TNAAAA	RKAAAA	HHHHxx
+3440	278	0	0	0	0	40	440	1440	3440	3440	80	81	ICAAAA	SKAAAA	OOOOxx
+9188	279	0	0	8	8	88	188	1188	4188	9188	176	177	KPAAAA	TKAAAA	VVVVxx
+3058	280	0	2	8	18	58	58	1058	3058	3058	116	117	QNAAAA	UKAAAA	AAAAxx
+5821	281	1	1	1	1	21	821	1821	821	5821	42	43	XPAAAA	VKAAAA	HHHHxx
+3428	282	0	0	8	8	28	428	1428	3428	3428	56	57	WBAAAA	WKAAAA	OOOOxx
+3581	283	1	1	1	1	81	581	1581	3581	3581	162	163	THAAAA	XKAAAA	VVVVxx
+7523	284	1	3	3	3	23	523	1523	2523	7523	46	47	JDAAAA	YKAAAA	AAAAxx
+3131	285	1	3	1	11	31	131	1131	3131	3131	62	63	LQAAAA	ZKAAAA	HHHHxx
+2404	286	0	0	4	4	4	404	404	2404	2404	8	9	MOAAAA	ALAAAA	OOOOxx
+5453	287	1	1	3	13	53	453	1453	453	5453	106	107	TBAAAA	BLAAAA	VVVVxx
+1599	288	1	3	9	19	99	599	1599	1599	1599	198	199	NJAAAA	CLAAAA	AAAAxx
+7081	289	1	1	1	1	81	81	1081	2081	7081	162	163	JMAAAA	DLAAAA	HHHHxx
+1750	290	0	2	0	10	50	750	1750	1750	1750	100	101	IPAAAA	ELAAAA	OOOOxx
+5085	291	1	1	5	5	85	85	1085	85	5085	170	171	PNAAAA	FLAAAA	VVVVxx
+9777	292	1	1	7	17	77	777	1777	4777	9777	154	155	BMAAAA	GLAAAA	AAAAxx
+574	293	0	2	4	14	74	574	574	574	574	148	149	CWAAAA	HLAAAA	HHHHxx
+5984	294	0	0	4	4	84	984	1984	984	5984	168	169	EWAAAA	ILAAAA	OOOOxx
+7039	295	1	3	9	19	39	39	1039	2039	7039	78	79	TKAAAA	JLAAAA	VVVVxx
+7143	296	1	3	3	3	43	143	1143	2143	7143	86	87	TOAAAA	KLAAAA	AAAAxx
+5702	297	0	2	2	2	2	702	1702	702	5702	4	5	ILAAAA	LLAAAA	HHHHxx
+362	298	0	2	2	2	62	362	362	362	362	124	125	YNAAAA	MLAAAA	OOOOxx
+6997	299	1	1	7	17	97	997	997	1997	6997	194	195	DJAAAA	NLAAAA	VVVVxx
+2529	300	1	1	9	9	29	529	529	2529	2529	58	59	HTAAAA	OLAAAA	AAAAxx
+6319	301	1	3	9	19	19	319	319	1319	6319	38	39	BJAAAA	PLAAAA	HHHHxx
+954	302	0	2	4	14	54	954	954	954	954	108	109	SKAAAA	QLAAAA	OOOOxx
+3413	303	1	1	3	13	13	413	1413	3413	3413	26	27	HBAAAA	RLAAAA	VVVVxx
+9081	304	1	1	1	1	81	81	1081	4081	9081	162	163	HLAAAA	SLAAAA	AAAAxx
+5599	305	1	3	9	19	99	599	1599	599	5599	198	199	JHAAAA	TLAAAA	HHHHxx
+4772	306	0	0	2	12	72	772	772	4772	4772	144	145	OBAAAA	ULAAAA	OOOOxx
+1124	307	0	0	4	4	24	124	1124	1124	1124	48	49	GRAAAA	VLAAAA	VVVVxx
+7793	308	1	1	3	13	93	793	1793	2793	7793	186	187	TNAAAA	WLAAAA	AAAAxx
+4201	309	1	1	1	1	1	201	201	4201	4201	2	3	PFAAAA	XLAAAA	HHHHxx
+7015	310	1	3	5	15	15	15	1015	2015	7015	30	31	VJAAAA	YLAAAA	OOOOxx
+5936	311	0	0	6	16	36	936	1936	936	5936	72	73	IUAAAA	ZLAAAA	VVVVxx
+4625	312	1	1	5	5	25	625	625	4625	4625	50	51	XVAAAA	AMAAAA	AAAAxx
+4989	313	1	1	9	9	89	989	989	4989	4989	178	179	XJAAAA	BMAAAA	HHHHxx
+4949	314	1	1	9	9	49	949	949	4949	4949	98	99	JIAAAA	CMAAAA	OOOOxx
+6273	315	1	1	3	13	73	273	273	1273	6273	146	147	HHAAAA	DMAAAA	VVVVxx
+4478	316	0	2	8	18	78	478	478	4478	4478	156	157	GQAAAA	EMAAAA	AAAAxx
+8854	317	0	2	4	14	54	854	854	3854	8854	108	109	OCAAAA	FMAAAA	HHHHxx
+2105	318	1	1	5	5	5	105	105	2105	2105	10	11	ZCAAAA	GMAAAA	OOOOxx
+8345	319	1	1	5	5	45	345	345	3345	8345	90	91	ZIAAAA	HMAAAA	VVVVxx
+1941	320	1	1	1	1	41	941	1941	1941	1941	82	83	RWAAAA	IMAAAA	AAAAxx
+1765	321	1	1	5	5	65	765	1765	1765	1765	130	131	XPAAAA	JMAAAA	HHHHxx
+9592	322	0	0	2	12	92	592	1592	4592	9592	184	185	YEAAAA	KMAAAA	OOOOxx
+1694	323	0	2	4	14	94	694	1694	1694	1694	188	189	ENAAAA	LMAAAA	VVVVxx
+8940	324	0	0	0	0	40	940	940	3940	8940	80	81	WFAAAA	MMAAAA	AAAAxx
+7264	325	0	0	4	4	64	264	1264	2264	7264	128	129	KTAAAA	NMAAAA	HHHHxx
+4699	326	1	3	9	19	99	699	699	4699	4699	198	199	TYAAAA	OMAAAA	OOOOxx
+4541	327	1	1	1	1	41	541	541	4541	4541	82	83	RSAAAA	PMAAAA	VVVVxx
+5768	328	0	0	8	8	68	768	1768	768	5768	136	137	WNAAAA	QMAAAA	AAAAxx
+6183	329	1	3	3	3	83	183	183	1183	6183	166	167	VDAAAA	RMAAAA	HHHHxx
+7457	330	1	1	7	17	57	457	1457	2457	7457	114	115	VAAAAA	SMAAAA	OOOOxx
+7317	331	1	1	7	17	17	317	1317	2317	7317	34	35	LVAAAA	TMAAAA	VVVVxx
+1944	332	0	0	4	4	44	944	1944	1944	1944	88	89	UWAAAA	UMAAAA	AAAAxx
+665	333	1	1	5	5	65	665	665	665	665	130	131	PZAAAA	VMAAAA	HHHHxx
+5974	334	0	2	4	14	74	974	1974	974	5974	148	149	UVAAAA	WMAAAA	OOOOxx
+7370	335	0	2	0	10	70	370	1370	2370	7370	140	141	MXAAAA	XMAAAA	VVVVxx
+9196	336	0	0	6	16	96	196	1196	4196	9196	192	193	SPAAAA	YMAAAA	AAAAxx
+6796	337	0	0	6	16	96	796	796	1796	6796	192	193	KBAAAA	ZMAAAA	HHHHxx
+6180	338	0	0	0	0	80	180	180	1180	6180	160	161	SDAAAA	ANAAAA	OOOOxx
+8557	339	1	1	7	17	57	557	557	3557	8557	114	115	DRAAAA	BNAAAA	VVVVxx
+928	340	0	0	8	8	28	928	928	928	928	56	57	SJAAAA	CNAAAA	AAAAxx
+6275	341	1	3	5	15	75	275	275	1275	6275	150	151	JHAAAA	DNAAAA	HHHHxx
+409	342	1	1	9	9	9	409	409	409	409	18	19	TPAAAA	ENAAAA	OOOOxx
+6442	343	0	2	2	2	42	442	442	1442	6442	84	85	UNAAAA	FNAAAA	VVVVxx
+5889	344	1	1	9	9	89	889	1889	889	5889	178	179	NSAAAA	GNAAAA	AAAAxx
+5180	345	0	0	0	0	80	180	1180	180	5180	160	161	GRAAAA	HNAAAA	HHHHxx
+1629	346	1	1	9	9	29	629	1629	1629	1629	58	59	RKAAAA	INAAAA	OOOOxx
+6088	347	0	0	8	8	88	88	88	1088	6088	176	177	EAAAAA	JNAAAA	VVVVxx
+5598	348	0	2	8	18	98	598	1598	598	5598	196	197	IHAAAA	KNAAAA	AAAAxx
+1803	349	1	3	3	3	3	803	1803	1803	1803	6	7	JRAAAA	LNAAAA	HHHHxx
+2330	350	0	2	0	10	30	330	330	2330	2330	60	61	QLAAAA	MNAAAA	OOOOxx
+5901	351	1	1	1	1	1	901	1901	901	5901	2	3	ZSAAAA	NNAAAA	VVVVxx
+780	352	0	0	0	0	80	780	780	780	780	160	161	AEAAAA	ONAAAA	AAAAxx
+7171	353	1	3	1	11	71	171	1171	2171	7171	142	143	VPAAAA	PNAAAA	HHHHxx
+8778	354	0	2	8	18	78	778	778	3778	8778	156	157	QZAAAA	QNAAAA	OOOOxx
+6622	355	0	2	2	2	22	622	622	1622	6622	44	45	SUAAAA	RNAAAA	VVVVxx
+9938	356	0	2	8	18	38	938	1938	4938	9938	76	77	GSAAAA	SNAAAA	AAAAxx
+8254	357	0	2	4	14	54	254	254	3254	8254	108	109	MFAAAA	TNAAAA	HHHHxx
+1951	358	1	3	1	11	51	951	1951	1951	1951	102	103	BXAAAA	UNAAAA	OOOOxx
+1434	359	0	2	4	14	34	434	1434	1434	1434	68	69	EDAAAA	VNAAAA	VVVVxx
+7539	360	1	3	9	19	39	539	1539	2539	7539	78	79	ZDAAAA	WNAAAA	AAAAxx
+600	361	0	0	0	0	0	600	600	600	600	0	1	CXAAAA	XNAAAA	HHHHxx
+3122	362	0	2	2	2	22	122	1122	3122	3122	44	45	CQAAAA	YNAAAA	OOOOxx
+5704	363	0	0	4	4	4	704	1704	704	5704	8	9	KLAAAA	ZNAAAA	VVVVxx
+6300	364	0	0	0	0	0	300	300	1300	6300	0	1	IIAAAA	AOAAAA	AAAAxx
+4585	365	1	1	5	5	85	585	585	4585	4585	170	171	JUAAAA	BOAAAA	HHHHxx
+6313	366	1	1	3	13	13	313	313	1313	6313	26	27	VIAAAA	COAAAA	OOOOxx
+3154	367	0	2	4	14	54	154	1154	3154	3154	108	109	IRAAAA	DOAAAA	VVVVxx
+642	368	0	2	2	2	42	642	642	642	642	84	85	SYAAAA	EOAAAA	AAAAxx
+7736	369	0	0	6	16	36	736	1736	2736	7736	72	73	OLAAAA	FOAAAA	HHHHxx
+5087	370	1	3	7	7	87	87	1087	87	5087	174	175	RNAAAA	GOAAAA	OOOOxx
+5708	371	0	0	8	8	8	708	1708	708	5708	16	17	OLAAAA	HOAAAA	VVVVxx
+8169	372	1	1	9	9	69	169	169	3169	8169	138	139	FCAAAA	IOAAAA	AAAAxx
+9768	373	0	0	8	8	68	768	1768	4768	9768	136	137	SLAAAA	JOAAAA	HHHHxx
+3874	374	0	2	4	14	74	874	1874	3874	3874	148	149	ATAAAA	KOAAAA	OOOOxx
+6831	375	1	3	1	11	31	831	831	1831	6831	62	63	TCAAAA	LOAAAA	VVVVxx
+18	376	0	2	8	18	18	18	18	18	18	36	37	SAAAAA	MOAAAA	AAAAxx
+6375	377	1	3	5	15	75	375	375	1375	6375	150	151	FLAAAA	NOAAAA	HHHHxx
+7106	378	0	2	6	6	6	106	1106	2106	7106	12	13	INAAAA	OOAAAA	OOOOxx
+5926	379	0	2	6	6	26	926	1926	926	5926	52	53	YTAAAA	POAAAA	VVVVxx
+4956	380	0	0	6	16	56	956	956	4956	4956	112	113	QIAAAA	QOAAAA	AAAAxx
+7042	381	0	2	2	2	42	42	1042	2042	7042	84	85	WKAAAA	ROAAAA	HHHHxx
+6043	382	1	3	3	3	43	43	43	1043	6043	86	87	LYAAAA	SOAAAA	OOOOxx
+2084	383	0	0	4	4	84	84	84	2084	2084	168	169	ECAAAA	TOAAAA	VVVVxx
+6038	384	0	2	8	18	38	38	38	1038	6038	76	77	GYAAAA	UOAAAA	AAAAxx
+7253	385	1	1	3	13	53	253	1253	2253	7253	106	107	ZSAAAA	VOAAAA	HHHHxx
+2061	386	1	1	1	1	61	61	61	2061	2061	122	123	HBAAAA	WOAAAA	OOOOxx
+7800	387	0	0	0	0	0	800	1800	2800	7800	0	1	AOAAAA	XOAAAA	VVVVxx
+4970	388	0	2	0	10	70	970	970	4970	4970	140	141	EJAAAA	YOAAAA	AAAAxx
+8580	389	0	0	0	0	80	580	580	3580	8580	160	161	ASAAAA	ZOAAAA	HHHHxx
+9173	390	1	1	3	13	73	173	1173	4173	9173	146	147	VOAAAA	APAAAA	OOOOxx
+8558	391	0	2	8	18	58	558	558	3558	8558	116	117	ERAAAA	BPAAAA	VVVVxx
+3897	392	1	1	7	17	97	897	1897	3897	3897	194	195	XTAAAA	CPAAAA	AAAAxx
+5069	393	1	1	9	9	69	69	1069	69	5069	138	139	ZMAAAA	DPAAAA	HHHHxx
+2301	394	1	1	1	1	1	301	301	2301	2301	2	3	NKAAAA	EPAAAA	OOOOxx
+9863	395	1	3	3	3	63	863	1863	4863	9863	126	127	JPAAAA	FPAAAA	VVVVxx
+5733	396	1	1	3	13	33	733	1733	733	5733	66	67	NMAAAA	GPAAAA	AAAAxx
+2338	397	0	2	8	18	38	338	338	2338	2338	76	77	YLAAAA	HPAAAA	HHHHxx
+9639	398	1	3	9	19	39	639	1639	4639	9639	78	79	TGAAAA	IPAAAA	OOOOxx
+1139	399	1	3	9	19	39	139	1139	1139	1139	78	79	VRAAAA	JPAAAA	VVVVxx
+2293	400	1	1	3	13	93	293	293	2293	2293	186	187	FKAAAA	KPAAAA	AAAAxx
+6125	401	1	1	5	5	25	125	125	1125	6125	50	51	PBAAAA	LPAAAA	HHHHxx
+5374	402	0	2	4	14	74	374	1374	374	5374	148	149	SYAAAA	MPAAAA	OOOOxx
+7216	403	0	0	6	16	16	216	1216	2216	7216	32	33	ORAAAA	NPAAAA	VVVVxx
+2285	404	1	1	5	5	85	285	285	2285	2285	170	171	XJAAAA	OPAAAA	AAAAxx
+2387	405	1	3	7	7	87	387	387	2387	2387	174	175	VNAAAA	PPAAAA	HHHHxx
+5015	406	1	3	5	15	15	15	1015	15	5015	30	31	XKAAAA	QPAAAA	OOOOxx
+2087	407	1	3	7	7	87	87	87	2087	2087	174	175	HCAAAA	RPAAAA	VVVVxx
+4938	408	0	2	8	18	38	938	938	4938	4938	76	77	YHAAAA	SPAAAA	AAAAxx
+3635	409	1	3	5	15	35	635	1635	3635	3635	70	71	VJAAAA	TPAAAA	HHHHxx
+7737	410	1	1	7	17	37	737	1737	2737	7737	74	75	PLAAAA	UPAAAA	OOOOxx
+8056	411	0	0	6	16	56	56	56	3056	8056	112	113	WXAAAA	VPAAAA	VVVVxx
+4502	412	0	2	2	2	2	502	502	4502	4502	4	5	ERAAAA	WPAAAA	AAAAxx
+54	413	0	2	4	14	54	54	54	54	54	108	109	CCAAAA	XPAAAA	HHHHxx
+3182	414	0	2	2	2	82	182	1182	3182	3182	164	165	KSAAAA	YPAAAA	OOOOxx
+3718	415	0	2	8	18	18	718	1718	3718	3718	36	37	ANAAAA	ZPAAAA	VVVVxx
+3989	416	1	1	9	9	89	989	1989	3989	3989	178	179	LXAAAA	AQAAAA	AAAAxx
+8028	417	0	0	8	8	28	28	28	3028	8028	56	57	UWAAAA	BQAAAA	HHHHxx
+1426	418	0	2	6	6	26	426	1426	1426	1426	52	53	WCAAAA	CQAAAA	OOOOxx
+3801	419	1	1	1	1	1	801	1801	3801	3801	2	3	FQAAAA	DQAAAA	VVVVxx
+241	420	1	1	1	1	41	241	241	241	241	82	83	HJAAAA	EQAAAA	AAAAxx
+8000	421	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3000	8000	0	1	SVAAAA	FQAAAA	HHHHxx
+8357	422	1	1	7	17	57	357	357	3357	8357	114	115	LJAAAA	GQAAAA	OOOOxx
+7548	423	0	0	8	8	48	548	1548	2548	7548	96	97	IEAAAA	HQAAAA	VVVVxx
+7307	424	1	3	7	7	7	307	1307	2307	7307	14	15	BVAAAA	IQAAAA	AAAAxx
+2275	425	1	3	5	15	75	275	275	2275	2275	150	151	NJAAAA	JQAAAA	HHHHxx
+2718	426	0	2	8	18	18	718	718	2718	2718	36	37	OAAAAA	KQAAAA	OOOOxx
+7068	427	0	0	8	8	68	68	1068	2068	7068	136	137	WLAAAA	LQAAAA	VVVVxx
+3181	428	1	1	1	1	81	181	1181	3181	3181	162	163	JSAAAA	MQAAAA	AAAAxx
+749	429	1	1	9	9	49	749	749	749	749	98	99	VCAAAA	NQAAAA	HHHHxx
+5195	430	1	3	5	15	95	195	1195	195	5195	190	191	VRAAAA	OQAAAA	OOOOxx
+6136	431	0	0	6	16	36	136	136	1136	6136	72	73	ACAAAA	PQAAAA	VVVVxx
+8012	432	0	0	2	12	12	12	12	3012	8012	24	25	EWAAAA	QQAAAA	AAAAxx
+3957	433	1	1	7	17	57	957	1957	3957	3957	114	115	FWAAAA	RQAAAA	HHHHxx
+3083	434	1	3	3	3	83	83	1083	3083	3083	166	167	POAAAA	SQAAAA	OOOOxx
+9997	435	1	1	7	17	97	997	1997	4997	9997	194	195	NUAAAA	TQAAAA	VVVVxx
+3299	436	1	3	9	19	99	299	1299	3299	3299	198	199	XWAAAA	UQAAAA	AAAAxx
+846	437	0	2	6	6	46	846	846	846	846	92	93	OGAAAA	VQAAAA	HHHHxx
+2985	438	1	1	5	5	85	985	985	2985	2985	170	171	VKAAAA	WQAAAA	OOOOxx
+9238	439	0	2	8	18	38	238	1238	4238	9238	76	77	IRAAAA	XQAAAA	VVVVxx
+1403	440	1	3	3	3	3	403	1403	1403	1403	6	7	ZBAAAA	YQAAAA	AAAAxx
+5563	441	1	3	3	3	63	563	1563	563	5563	126	127	ZFAAAA	ZQAAAA	HHHHxx
+7965	442	1	1	5	5	65	965	1965	2965	7965	130	131	JUAAAA	ARAAAA	OOOOxx
+4512	443	0	0	2	12	12	512	512	4512	4512	24	25	ORAAAA	BRAAAA	VVVVxx
+9730	444	0	2	0	10	30	730	1730	4730	9730	60	61	GKAAAA	CRAAAA	AAAAxx
+1129	445	1	1	9	9	29	129	1129	1129	1129	58	59	LRAAAA	DRAAAA	HHHHxx
+2624	446	0	0	4	4	24	624	624	2624	2624	48	49	YWAAAA	ERAAAA	OOOOxx
+8178	447	0	2	8	18	78	178	178	3178	8178	156	157	OCAAAA	FRAAAA	VVVVxx
+6468	448	0	0	8	8	68	468	468	1468	6468	136	137	UOAAAA	GRAAAA	AAAAxx
+3027	449	1	3	7	7	27	27	1027	3027	3027	54	55	LMAAAA	HRAAAA	HHHHxx
+3845	450	1	1	5	5	45	845	1845	3845	3845	90	91	XRAAAA	IRAAAA	OOOOxx
+786	451	0	2	6	6	86	786	786	786	786	172	173	GEAAAA	JRAAAA	VVVVxx
+4971	452	1	3	1	11	71	971	971	4971	4971	142	143	FJAAAA	KRAAAA	AAAAxx
+1542	453	0	2	2	2	42	542	1542	1542	1542	84	85	IHAAAA	LRAAAA	HHHHxx
+7967	454	1	3	7	7	67	967	1967	2967	7967	134	135	LUAAAA	MRAAAA	OOOOxx
+443	455	1	3	3	3	43	443	443	443	443	86	87	BRAAAA	NRAAAA	VVVVxx
+7318	456	0	2	8	18	18	318	1318	2318	7318	36	37	MVAAAA	ORAAAA	AAAAxx
+4913	457	1	1	3	13	13	913	913	4913	4913	26	27	ZGAAAA	PRAAAA	HHHHxx
+9466	458	0	2	6	6	66	466	1466	4466	9466	132	133	CAAAAA	QRAAAA	OOOOxx
+7866	459	0	2	6	6	66	866	1866	2866	7866	132	133	OQAAAA	RRAAAA	VVVVxx
+784	460	0	0	4	4	84	784	784	784	784	168	169	EEAAAA	SRAAAA	AAAAxx
+9040	461	0	0	0	0	40	40	1040	4040	9040	80	81	SJAAAA	TRAAAA	HHHHxx
+3954	462	0	2	4	14	54	954	1954	3954	3954	108	109	CWAAAA	URAAAA	OOOOxx
+4183	463	1	3	3	3	83	183	183	4183	4183	166	167	XEAAAA	VRAAAA	VVVVxx
+3608	464	0	0	8	8	8	608	1608	3608	3608	16	17	UIAAAA	WRAAAA	AAAAxx
+7630	465	0	2	0	10	30	630	1630	2630	7630	60	61	MHAAAA	XRAAAA	HHHHxx
+590	466	0	2	0	10	90	590	590	590	590	180	181	SWAAAA	YRAAAA	OOOOxx
+3453	467	1	1	3	13	53	453	1453	3453	3453	106	107	VCAAAA	ZRAAAA	VVVVxx
+7757	468	1	1	7	17	57	757	1757	2757	7757	114	115	JMAAAA	ASAAAA	AAAAxx
+7394	469	0	2	4	14	94	394	1394	2394	7394	188	189	KYAAAA	BSAAAA	HHHHxx
+396	470	0	0	6	16	96	396	396	396	396	192	193	GPAAAA	CSAAAA	OOOOxx
+7873	471	1	1	3	13	73	873	1873	2873	7873	146	147	VQAAAA	DSAAAA	VVVVxx
+1553	472	1	1	3	13	53	553	1553	1553	1553	106	107	THAAAA	ESAAAA	AAAAxx
+598	473	0	2	8	18	98	598	598	598	598	196	197	AXAAAA	FSAAAA	HHHHxx
+7191	474	1	3	1	11	91	191	1191	2191	7191	182	183	PQAAAA	GSAAAA	OOOOxx
+8116	475	0	0	6	16	16	116	116	3116	8116	32	33	EAAAAA	HSAAAA	VVVVxx
+2516	476	0	0	6	16	16	516	516	2516	2516	32	33	USAAAA	ISAAAA	AAAAxx
+7750	477	0	2	0	10	50	750	1750	2750	7750	100	101	CMAAAA	JSAAAA	HHHHxx
+6625	478	1	1	5	5	25	625	625	1625	6625	50	51	VUAAAA	KSAAAA	OOOOxx
+8838	479	0	2	8	18	38	838	838	3838	8838	76	77	YBAAAA	LSAAAA	VVVVxx
+4636	480	0	0	6	16	36	636	636	4636	4636	72	73	IWAAAA	MSAAAA	AAAAxx
+7627	481	1	3	7	7	27	627	1627	2627	7627	54	55	JHAAAA	NSAAAA	HHHHxx
+1690	482	0	2	0	10	90	690	1690	1690	1690	180	181	ANAAAA	OSAAAA	OOOOxx
+7071	483	1	3	1	11	71	71	1071	2071	7071	142	143	ZLAAAA	PSAAAA	VVVVxx
+2081	484	1	1	1	1	81	81	81	2081	2081	162	163	BCAAAA	QSAAAA	AAAAxx
+7138	485	0	2	8	18	38	138	1138	2138	7138	76	77	OOAAAA	RSAAAA	HHHHxx
+864	486	0	0	4	4	64	864	864	864	864	128	129	GHAAAA	SSAAAA	OOOOxx
+6392	487	0	0	2	12	92	392	392	1392	6392	184	185	WLAAAA	TSAAAA	VVVVxx
+7544	488	0	0	4	4	44	544	1544	2544	7544	88	89	EEAAAA	USAAAA	AAAAxx
+5438	489	0	2	8	18	38	438	1438	438	5438	76	77	EBAAAA	VSAAAA	HHHHxx
+7099	490	1	3	9	19	99	99	1099	2099	7099	198	199	BNAAAA	WSAAAA	OOOOxx
+5157	491	1	1	7	17	57	157	1157	157	5157	114	115	JQAAAA	XSAAAA	VVVVxx
+3391	492	1	3	1	11	91	391	1391	3391	3391	182	183	LAAAAA	YSAAAA	AAAAxx
+3805	493	1	1	5	5	5	805	1805	3805	3805	10	11	JQAAAA	ZSAAAA	HHHHxx
+2110	494	0	2	0	10	10	110	110	2110	2110	20	21	EDAAAA	ATAAAA	OOOOxx
+3176	495	0	0	6	16	76	176	1176	3176	3176	152	153	ESAAAA	BTAAAA	VVVVxx
+5918	496	0	2	8	18	18	918	1918	918	5918	36	37	QTAAAA	CTAAAA	AAAAxx
+1218	497	0	2	8	18	18	218	1218	1218	1218	36	37	WUAAAA	DTAAAA	HHHHxx
+6683	498	1	3	3	3	83	683	683	1683	6683	166	167	BXAAAA	ETAAAA	OOOOxx
+914	499	0	2	4	14	14	914	914	914	914	28	29	EJAAAA	FTAAAA	VVVVxx
+4737	500	1	1	7	17	37	737	737	4737	4737	74	75	FAAAAA	GTAAAA	AAAAxx
+7286	501	0	2	6	6	86	286	1286	2286	7286	172	173	GUAAAA	HTAAAA	HHHHxx
+9975	502	1	3	5	15	75	975	1975	4975	9975	150	151	RTAAAA	ITAAAA	OOOOxx
+8030	503	0	2	0	10	30	30	30	3030	8030	60	61	WWAAAA	JTAAAA	VVVVxx
+7364	504	0	0	4	4	64	364	1364	2364	7364	128	129	GXAAAA	KTAAAA	AAAAxx
+1389	505	1	1	9	9	89	389	1389	1389	1389	178	179	LBAAAA	LTAAAA	HHHHxx
+4025	506	1	1	5	5	25	25	25	4025	4025	50	51	VYAAAA	MTAAAA	OOOOxx
+4835	507	1	3	5	15	35	835	835	4835	4835	70	71	ZDAAAA	NTAAAA	VVVVxx
+8045	508	1	1	5	5	45	45	45	3045	8045	90	91	LXAAAA	OTAAAA	AAAAxx
+1864	509	0	0	4	4	64	864	1864	1864	1864	128	129	STAAAA	PTAAAA	HHHHxx
+3313	510	1	1	3	13	13	313	1313	3313	3313	26	27	LXAAAA	QTAAAA	OOOOxx
+2384	511	0	0	4	4	84	384	384	2384	2384	168	169	SNAAAA	RTAAAA	VVVVxx
+6115	512	1	3	5	15	15	115	115	1115	6115	30	31	FBAAAA	STAAAA	AAAAxx
+5705	513	1	1	5	5	5	705	1705	705	5705	10	11	LLAAAA	TTAAAA	HHHHxx
+9269	514	1	1	9	9	69	269	1269	4269	9269	138	139	NSAAAA	UTAAAA	OOOOxx
+3379	515	1	3	9	19	79	379	1379	3379	3379	158	159	ZZAAAA	VTAAAA	VVVVxx
+8205	516	1	1	5	5	5	205	205	3205	8205	10	11	PDAAAA	WTAAAA	AAAAxx
+6575	517	1	3	5	15	75	575	575	1575	6575	150	151	XSAAAA	XTAAAA	HHHHxx
+486	518	0	2	6	6	86	486	486	486	486	172	173	SSAAAA	YTAAAA	OOOOxx
+4894	519	0	2	4	14	94	894	894	4894	4894	188	189	GGAAAA	ZTAAAA	VVVVxx
+3090	520	0	2	0	10	90	90	1090	3090	3090	180	181	WOAAAA	AUAAAA	AAAAxx
+759	521	1	3	9	19	59	759	759	759	759	118	119	FDAAAA	BUAAAA	HHHHxx
+4864	522	0	0	4	4	64	864	864	4864	4864	128	129	CFAAAA	CUAAAA	OOOOxx
+4083	523	1	3	3	3	83	83	83	4083	4083	166	167	BBAAAA	DUAAAA	VVVVxx
+6918	524	0	2	8	18	18	918	918	1918	6918	36	37	CGAAAA	EUAAAA	AAAAxx
+8146	525	0	2	6	6	46	146	146	3146	8146	92	93	IBAAAA	FUAAAA	HHHHxx
+1523	526	1	3	3	3	23	523	1523	1523	1523	46	47	PGAAAA	GUAAAA	OOOOxx
+1591	527	1	3	1	11	91	591	1591	1591	1591	182	183	FJAAAA	HUAAAA	VVVVxx
+3343	528	1	3	3	3	43	343	1343	3343	3343	86	87	PYAAAA	IUAAAA	AAAAxx
+1391	529	1	3	1	11	91	391	1391	1391	1391	182	183	NBAAAA	JUAAAA	HHHHxx
+9963	530	1	3	3	3	63	963	1963	4963	9963	126	127	FTAAAA	KUAAAA	OOOOxx
+2423	531	1	3	3	3	23	423	423	2423	2423	46	47	FPAAAA	LUAAAA	VVVVxx
+1822	532	0	2	2	2	22	822	1822	1822	1822	44	45	CSAAAA	MUAAAA	AAAAxx
+8706	533	0	2	6	6	6	706	706	3706	8706	12	13	WWAAAA	NUAAAA	HHHHxx
+3001	534	1	1	1	1	1	1	1001	3001	3001	2	3	LLAAAA	OUAAAA	OOOOxx
+6707	535	1	3	7	7	7	707	707	1707	6707	14	15	ZXAAAA	PUAAAA	VVVVxx
+2121	536	1	1	1	1	21	121	121	2121	2121	42	43	PDAAAA	QUAAAA	AAAAxx
+5814	537	0	2	4	14	14	814	1814	814	5814	28	29	QPAAAA	RUAAAA	HHHHxx
+2659	538	1	3	9	19	59	659	659	2659	2659	118	119	HYAAAA	SUAAAA	OOOOxx
+2016	539	0	0	6	16	16	16	16	2016	2016	32	33	OZAAAA	TUAAAA	VVVVxx
+4286	540	0	2	6	6	86	286	286	4286	4286	172	173	WIAAAA	UUAAAA	AAAAxx
+9205	541	1	1	5	5	5	205	1205	4205	9205	10	11	BQAAAA	VUAAAA	HHHHxx
+3496	542	0	0	6	16	96	496	1496	3496	3496	192	193	MEAAAA	WUAAAA	OOOOxx
+5333	543	1	1	3	13	33	333	1333	333	5333	66	67	DXAAAA	XUAAAA	VVVVxx
+5571	544	1	3	1	11	71	571	1571	571	5571	142	143	HGAAAA	YUAAAA	AAAAxx
+1696	545	0	0	6	16	96	696	1696	1696	1696	192	193	GNAAAA	ZUAAAA	HHHHxx
+4871	546	1	3	1	11	71	871	871	4871	4871	142	143	JFAAAA	AVAAAA	OOOOxx
+4852	547	0	0	2	12	52	852	852	4852	4852	104	105	QEAAAA	BVAAAA	VVVVxx
+8483	548	1	3	3	3	83	483	483	3483	8483	166	167	HOAAAA	CVAAAA	AAAAxx
+1376	549	0	0	6	16	76	376	1376	1376	1376	152	153	YAAAAA	DVAAAA	HHHHxx
+5456	550	0	0	6	16	56	456	1456	456	5456	112	113	WBAAAA	EVAAAA	OOOOxx
+499	551	1	3	9	19	99	499	499	499	499	198	199	FTAAAA	FVAAAA	VVVVxx
+3463	552	1	3	3	3	63	463	1463	3463	3463	126	127	FDAAAA	GVAAAA	AAAAxx
+7426	553	0	2	6	6	26	426	1426	2426	7426	52	53	QZAAAA	HVAAAA	HHHHxx
+5341	554	1	1	1	1	41	341	1341	341	5341	82	83	LXAAAA	IVAAAA	OOOOxx
+9309	555	1	1	9	9	9	309	1309	4309	9309	18	19	BUAAAA	JVAAAA	VVVVxx
+2055	556	1	3	5	15	55	55	55	2055	2055	110	111	BBAAAA	KVAAAA	AAAAxx
+2199	557	1	3	9	19	99	199	199	2199	2199	198	199	PGAAAA	LVAAAA	HHHHxx
+7235	558	1	3	5	15	35	235	1235	2235	7235	70	71	HSAAAA	MVAAAA	OOOOxx
+8661	559	1	1	1	1	61	661	661	3661	8661	122	123	DVAAAA	NVAAAA	VVVVxx
+9494	560	0	2	4	14	94	494	1494	4494	9494	188	189	EBAAAA	OVAAAA	AAAAxx
+935	561	1	3	5	15	35	935	935	935	935	70	71	ZJAAAA	PVAAAA	HHHHxx
+7044	562	0	0	4	4	44	44	1044	2044	7044	88	89	YKAAAA	QVAAAA	OOOOxx
+1974	563	0	2	4	14	74	974	1974	1974	1974	148	149	YXAAAA	RVAAAA	VVVVxx
+9679	564	1	3	9	19	79	679	1679	4679	9679	158	159	HIAAAA	SVAAAA	AAAAxx
+9822	565	0	2	2	2	22	822	1822	4822	9822	44	45	UNAAAA	TVAAAA	HHHHxx
+4088	566	0	0	8	8	88	88	88	4088	4088	176	177	GBAAAA	UVAAAA	OOOOxx
+1749	567	1	1	9	9	49	749	1749	1749	1749	98	99	HPAAAA	VVAAAA	VVVVxx
+2116	568	0	0	6	16	16	116	116	2116	2116	32	33	KDAAAA	WVAAAA	AAAAxx
+976	569	0	0	6	16	76	976	976	976	976	152	153	OLAAAA	XVAAAA	HHHHxx
+8689	570	1	1	9	9	89	689	689	3689	8689	178	179	FWAAAA	YVAAAA	OOOOxx
+2563	571	1	3	3	3	63	563	563	2563	2563	126	127	PUAAAA	ZVAAAA	VVVVxx
+7195	572	1	3	5	15	95	195	1195	2195	7195	190	191	TQAAAA	AWAAAA	AAAAxx
+9985	573	1	1	5	5	85	985	1985	4985	9985	170	171	BUAAAA	BWAAAA	HHHHxx
+7699	574	1	3	9	19	99	699	1699	2699	7699	198	199	DKAAAA	CWAAAA	OOOOxx
+5311	575	1	3	1	11	11	311	1311	311	5311	22	23	HWAAAA	DWAAAA	VVVVxx
+295	576	1	3	5	15	95	295	295	295	295	190	191	JLAAAA	EWAAAA	AAAAxx
+8214	577	0	2	4	14	14	214	214	3214	8214	28	29	YDAAAA	FWAAAA	HHHHxx
+3275	578	1	3	5	15	75	275	1275	3275	3275	150	151	ZVAAAA	GWAAAA	OOOOxx
+9646	579	0	2	6	6	46	646	1646	4646	9646	92	93	AHAAAA	HWAAAA	VVVVxx
+1908	580	0	0	8	8	8	908	1908	1908	1908	16	17	KVAAAA	IWAAAA	AAAAxx
+3858	581	0	2	8	18	58	858	1858	3858	3858	116	117	KSAAAA	JWAAAA	HHHHxx
+9362	582	0	2	2	2	62	362	1362	4362	9362	124	125	CWAAAA	KWAAAA	OOOOxx
+9307	583	1	3	7	7	7	307	1307	4307	9307	14	15	ZTAAAA	LWAAAA	VVVVxx
+6124	584	0	0	4	4	24	124	124	1124	6124	48	49	OBAAAA	MWAAAA	AAAAxx
+2405	585	1	1	5	5	5	405	405	2405	2405	10	11	NOAAAA	NWAAAA	HHHHxx
+8422	586	0	2	2	2	22	422	422	3422	8422	44	45	YLAAAA	OWAAAA	OOOOxx
+393	587	1	1	3	13	93	393	393	393	393	186	187	DPAAAA	PWAAAA	VVVVxx
+8973	588	1	1	3	13	73	973	973	3973	8973	146	147	DHAAAA	QWAAAA	AAAAxx
+5171	589	1	3	1	11	71	171	1171	171	5171	142	143	XQAAAA	RWAAAA	HHHHxx
+4929	590	1	1	9	9	29	929	929	4929	4929	58	59	PHAAAA	SWAAAA	OOOOxx
+6935	591	1	3	5	15	35	935	935	1935	6935	70	71	TGAAAA	TWAAAA	VVVVxx
+8584	592	0	0	4	4	84	584	584	3584	8584	168	169	ESAAAA	UWAAAA	AAAAxx
+1035	593	1	3	5	15	35	35	1035	1035	1035	70	71	VNAAAA	VWAAAA	HHHHxx
+3734	594	0	2	4	14	34	734	1734	3734	3734	68	69	QNAAAA	WWAAAA	OOOOxx
+1458	595	0	2	8	18	58	458	1458	1458	1458	116	117	CEAAAA	XWAAAA	VVVVxx
+8746	596	0	2	6	6	46	746	746	3746	8746	92	93	KYAAAA	YWAAAA	AAAAxx
+1677	597	1	1	7	17	77	677	1677	1677	1677	154	155	NMAAAA	ZWAAAA	HHHHxx
+8502	598	0	2	2	2	2	502	502	3502	8502	4	5	APAAAA	AXAAAA	OOOOxx
+7752	599	0	0	2	12	52	752	1752	2752	7752	104	105	EMAAAA	BXAAAA	VVVVxx
+2556	600	0	0	6	16	56	556	556	2556	2556	112	113	IUAAAA	CXAAAA	AAAAxx
+6426	601	0	2	6	6	26	426	426	1426	6426	52	53	ENAAAA	DXAAAA	HHHHxx
+8420	602	0	0	0	0	20	420	420	3420	8420	40	41	WLAAAA	EXAAAA	OOOOxx
+4462	603	0	2	2	2	62	462	462	4462	4462	124	125	QPAAAA	FXAAAA	VVVVxx
+1378	604	0	2	8	18	78	378	1378	1378	1378	156	157	ABAAAA	GXAAAA	AAAAxx
+1387	605	1	3	7	7	87	387	1387	1387	1387	174	175	JBAAAA	HXAAAA	HHHHxx
+8094	606	0	2	4	14	94	94	94	3094	8094	188	189	IZAAAA	IXAAAA	OOOOxx
+7247	607	1	3	7	7	47	247	1247	2247	7247	94	95	TSAAAA	JXAAAA	VVVVxx
+4261	608	1	1	1	1	61	261	261	4261	4261	122	123	XHAAAA	KXAAAA	AAAAxx
+5029	609	1	1	9	9	29	29	1029	29	5029	58	59	LLAAAA	LXAAAA	HHHHxx
+3625	610	1	1	5	5	25	625	1625	3625	3625	50	51	LJAAAA	MXAAAA	OOOOxx
+8068	611	0	0	8	8	68	68	68	3068	8068	136	137	IYAAAA	NXAAAA	VVVVxx
+102	612	0	2	2	2	2	102	102	102	102	4	5	YDAAAA	OXAAAA	AAAAxx
+5596	613	0	0	6	16	96	596	1596	596	5596	192	193	GHAAAA	PXAAAA	HHHHxx
+5872	614	0	0	2	12	72	872	1872	872	5872	144	145	WRAAAA	QXAAAA	OOOOxx
+4742	615	0	2	2	2	42	742	742	4742	4742	84	85	KAAAAA	RXAAAA	VVVVxx
+2117	616	1	1	7	17	17	117	117	2117	2117	34	35	LDAAAA	SXAAAA	AAAAxx
+3945	617	1	1	5	5	45	945	1945	3945	3945	90	91	TVAAAA	TXAAAA	HHHHxx
+7483	618	1	3	3	3	83	483	1483	2483	7483	166	167	VBAAAA	UXAAAA	OOOOxx
+4455	619	1	3	5	15	55	455	455	4455	4455	110	111	JPAAAA	VXAAAA	VVVVxx
+609	620	1	1	9	9	9	609	609	609	609	18	19	LXAAAA	WXAAAA	AAAAxx
+9829	621	1	1	9	9	29	829	1829	4829	9829	58	59	BOAAAA	XXAAAA	HHHHxx
+4857	622	1	1	7	17	57	857	857	4857	4857	114	115	VEAAAA	YXAAAA	OOOOxx
+3314	623	0	2	4	14	14	314	1314	3314	3314	28	29	MXAAAA	ZXAAAA	VVVVxx
+5353	624	1	1	3	13	53	353	1353	353	5353	106	107	XXAAAA	AYAAAA	AAAAxx
+4909	625	1	1	9	9	9	909	909	4909	4909	18	19	VGAAAA	BYAAAA	HHHHxx
+7597	626	1	1	7	17	97	597	1597	2597	7597	194	195	FGAAAA	CYAAAA	OOOOxx
+2683	627	1	3	3	3	83	683	683	2683	2683	166	167	FZAAAA	DYAAAA	VVVVxx
+3223	628	1	3	3	3	23	223	1223	3223	3223	46	47	ZTAAAA	EYAAAA	AAAAxx
+5363	629	1	3	3	3	63	363	1363	363	5363	126	127	HYAAAA	FYAAAA	HHHHxx
+4578	630	0	2	8	18	78	578	578	4578	4578	156	157	CUAAAA	GYAAAA	OOOOxx
+5544	631	0	0	4	4	44	544	1544	544	5544	88	89	GFAAAA	HYAAAA	VVVVxx
+1589	632	1	1	9	9	89	589	1589	1589	1589	178	179	DJAAAA	IYAAAA	AAAAxx
+7412	633	0	0	2	12	12	412	1412	2412	7412	24	25	CZAAAA	JYAAAA	HHHHxx
+3803	634	1	3	3	3	3	803	1803	3803	3803	6	7	HQAAAA	KYAAAA	OOOOxx
+6179	635	1	3	9	19	79	179	179	1179	6179	158	159	RDAAAA	LYAAAA	VVVVxx
+5588	636	0	0	8	8	88	588	1588	588	5588	176	177	YGAAAA	MYAAAA	AAAAxx
+2134	637	0	2	4	14	34	134	134	2134	2134	68	69	CEAAAA	NYAAAA	HHHHxx
+4383	638	1	3	3	3	83	383	383	4383	4383	166	167	PMAAAA	OYAAAA	OOOOxx
+6995	639	1	3	5	15	95	995	995	1995	6995	190	191	BJAAAA	PYAAAA	VVVVxx
+6598	640	0	2	8	18	98	598	598	1598	6598	196	197	UTAAAA	QYAAAA	AAAAxx
+8731	641	1	3	1	11	31	731	731	3731	8731	62	63	VXAAAA	RYAAAA	HHHHxx
+7177	642	1	1	7	17	77	177	1177	2177	7177	154	155	BQAAAA	SYAAAA	OOOOxx
+6578	643	0	2	8	18	78	578	578	1578	6578	156	157	ATAAAA	TYAAAA	VVVVxx
+9393	644	1	1	3	13	93	393	1393	4393	9393	186	187	HXAAAA	UYAAAA	AAAAxx
+1276	645	0	0	6	16	76	276	1276	1276	1276	152	153	CXAAAA	VYAAAA	HHHHxx
+8766	646	0	2	6	6	66	766	766	3766	8766	132	133	EZAAAA	WYAAAA	OOOOxx
+1015	647	1	3	5	15	15	15	1015	1015	1015	30	31	BNAAAA	XYAAAA	VVVVxx
+4396	648	0	0	6	16	96	396	396	4396	4396	192	193	CNAAAA	YYAAAA	AAAAxx
+5564	649	0	0	4	4	64	564	1564	564	5564	128	129	AGAAAA	ZYAAAA	HHHHxx
+927	650	1	3	7	7	27	927	927	927	927	54	55	RJAAAA	AZAAAA	OOOOxx
+3306	651	0	2	6	6	6	306	1306	3306	3306	12	13	EXAAAA	BZAAAA	VVVVxx
+1615	652	1	3	5	15	15	615	1615	1615	1615	30	31	DKAAAA	CZAAAA	AAAAxx
+4550	653	0	2	0	10	50	550	550	4550	4550	100	101	ATAAAA	DZAAAA	HHHHxx
+2468	654	0	0	8	8	68	468	468	2468	2468	136	137	YQAAAA	EZAAAA	OOOOxx
+5336	655	0	0	6	16	36	336	1336	336	5336	72	73	GXAAAA	FZAAAA	VVVVxx
+4471	656	1	3	1	11	71	471	471	4471	4471	142	143	ZPAAAA	GZAAAA	AAAAxx
+8085	657	1	1	5	5	85	85	85	3085	8085	170	171	ZYAAAA	HZAAAA	HHHHxx
+540	658	0	0	0	0	40	540	540	540	540	80	81	UUAAAA	IZAAAA	OOOOxx
+5108	659	0	0	8	8	8	108	1108	108	5108	16	17	MOAAAA	JZAAAA	VVVVxx
+8015	660	1	3	5	15	15	15	15	3015	8015	30	31	HWAAAA	KZAAAA	AAAAxx
+2857	661	1	1	7	17	57	857	857	2857	2857	114	115	XFAAAA	LZAAAA	HHHHxx
+9472	662	0	0	2	12	72	472	1472	4472	9472	144	145	IAAAAA	MZAAAA	OOOOxx
+5666	663	0	2	6	6	66	666	1666	666	5666	132	133	YJAAAA	NZAAAA	VVVVxx
+3555	664	1	3	5	15	55	555	1555	3555	3555	110	111	TGAAAA	OZAAAA	AAAAxx
+378	665	0	2	8	18	78	378	378	378	378	156	157	OOAAAA	PZAAAA	HHHHxx
+4466	666	0	2	6	6	66	466	466	4466	4466	132	133	UPAAAA	QZAAAA	OOOOxx
+3247	667	1	3	7	7	47	247	1247	3247	3247	94	95	XUAAAA	RZAAAA	VVVVxx
+6570	668	0	2	0	10	70	570	570	1570	6570	140	141	SSAAAA	SZAAAA	AAAAxx
+5655	669	1	3	5	15	55	655	1655	655	5655	110	111	NJAAAA	TZAAAA	HHHHxx
+917	670	1	1	7	17	17	917	917	917	917	34	35	HJAAAA	UZAAAA	OOOOxx
+3637	671	1	1	7	17	37	637	1637	3637	3637	74	75	XJAAAA	VZAAAA	VVVVxx
+3668	672	0	0	8	8	68	668	1668	3668	3668	136	137	CLAAAA	WZAAAA	AAAAxx
+5644	673	0	0	4	4	44	644	1644	644	5644	88	89	CJAAAA	XZAAAA	HHHHxx
+8286	674	0	2	6	6	86	286	286	3286	8286	172	173	SGAAAA	YZAAAA	OOOOxx
+6896	675	0	0	6	16	96	896	896	1896	6896	192	193	GFAAAA	ZZAAAA	VVVVxx
+2870	676	0	2	0	10	70	870	870	2870	2870	140	141	KGAAAA	AABAAA	AAAAxx
+8041	677	1	1	1	1	41	41	41	3041	8041	82	83	HXAAAA	BABAAA	HHHHxx
+8137	678	1	1	7	17	37	137	137	3137	8137	74	75	ZAAAAA	CABAAA	OOOOxx
+4823	679	1	3	3	3	23	823	823	4823	4823	46	47	NDAAAA	DABAAA	VVVVxx
+2438	680	0	2	8	18	38	438	438	2438	2438	76	77	UPAAAA	EABAAA	AAAAxx
+6329	681	1	1	9	9	29	329	329	1329	6329	58	59	LJAAAA	FABAAA	HHHHxx
+623	682	1	3	3	3	23	623	623	623	623	46	47	ZXAAAA	GABAAA	OOOOxx
+1360	683	0	0	0	0	60	360	1360	1360	1360	120	121	IAAAAA	HABAAA	VVVVxx
+7987	684	1	3	7	7	87	987	1987	2987	7987	174	175	FVAAAA	IABAAA	AAAAxx
+9788	685	0	0	8	8	88	788	1788	4788	9788	176	177	MMAAAA	JABAAA	HHHHxx
+3212	686	0	0	2	12	12	212	1212	3212	3212	24	25	OTAAAA	KABAAA	OOOOxx
+2725	687	1	1	5	5	25	725	725	2725	2725	50	51	VAAAAA	LABAAA	VVVVxx
+7837	688	1	1	7	17	37	837	1837	2837	7837	74	75	LPAAAA	MABAAA	AAAAxx
+4746	689	0	2	6	6	46	746	746	4746	4746	92	93	OAAAAA	NABAAA	HHHHxx
+3986	690	0	2	6	6	86	986	1986	3986	3986	172	173	IXAAAA	OABAAA	OOOOxx
+9128	691	0	0	8	8	28	128	1128	4128	9128	56	57	CNAAAA	PABAAA	VVVVxx
+5044	692	0	0	4	4	44	44	1044	44	5044	88	89	AMAAAA	QABAAA	AAAAxx
+8132	693	0	0	2	12	32	132	132	3132	8132	64	65	UAAAAA	RABAAA	HHHHxx
+9992	694	0	0	2	12	92	992	1992	4992	9992	184	185	IUAAAA	SABAAA	OOOOxx
+8468	695	0	0	8	8	68	468	468	3468	8468	136	137	SNAAAA	TABAAA	VVVVxx
+6876	696	0	0	6	16	76	876	876	1876	6876	152	153	MEAAAA	UABAAA	AAAAxx
+3532	697	0	0	2	12	32	532	1532	3532	3532	64	65	WFAAAA	VABAAA	HHHHxx
+2140	698	0	0	0	0	40	140	140	2140	2140	80	81	IEAAAA	WABAAA	OOOOxx
+2183	699	1	3	3	3	83	183	183	2183	2183	166	167	ZFAAAA	XABAAA	VVVVxx
+9766	700	0	2	6	6	66	766	1766	4766	9766	132	133	QLAAAA	YABAAA	AAAAxx
+7943	701	1	3	3	3	43	943	1943	2943	7943	86	87	NTAAAA	ZABAAA	HHHHxx
+9243	702	1	3	3	3	43	243	1243	4243	9243	86	87	NRAAAA	ABBAAA	OOOOxx
+6241	703	1	1	1	1	41	241	241	1241	6241	82	83	BGAAAA	BBBAAA	VVVVxx
+9540	704	0	0	0	0	40	540	1540	4540	9540	80	81	YCAAAA	CBBAAA	AAAAxx
+7418	705	0	2	8	18	18	418	1418	2418	7418	36	37	IZAAAA	DBBAAA	HHHHxx
+1603	706	1	3	3	3	3	603	1603	1603	1603	6	7	RJAAAA	EBBAAA	OOOOxx
+8950	707	0	2	0	10	50	950	950	3950	8950	100	101	GGAAAA	FBBAAA	VVVVxx
+6933	708	1	1	3	13	33	933	933	1933	6933	66	67	RGAAAA	GBBAAA	AAAAxx
+2646	709	0	2	6	6	46	646	646	2646	2646	92	93	UXAAAA	HBBAAA	HHHHxx
+3447	710	1	3	7	7	47	447	1447	3447	3447	94	95	PCAAAA	IBBAAA	OOOOxx
+9957	711	1	1	7	17	57	957	1957	4957	9957	114	115	ZSAAAA	JBBAAA	VVVVxx
+4623	712	1	3	3	3	23	623	623	4623	4623	46	47	VVAAAA	KBBAAA	AAAAxx
+9058	713	0	2	8	18	58	58	1058	4058	9058	116	117	KKAAAA	LBBAAA	HHHHxx
+7361	714	1	1	1	1	61	361	1361	2361	7361	122	123	DXAAAA	MBBAAA	OOOOxx
+2489	715	1	1	9	9	89	489	489	2489	2489	178	179	TRAAAA	NBBAAA	VVVVxx
+7643	716	1	3	3	3	43	643	1643	2643	7643	86	87	ZHAAAA	OBBAAA	AAAAxx
+9166	717	0	2	6	6	66	166	1166	4166	9166	132	133	OOAAAA	PBBAAA	HHHHxx
+7789	718	1	1	9	9	89	789	1789	2789	7789	178	179	PNAAAA	QBBAAA	OOOOxx
+2332	719	0	0	2	12	32	332	332	2332	2332	64	65	SLAAAA	RBBAAA	VVVVxx
+1832	720	0	0	2	12	32	832	1832	1832	1832	64	65	MSAAAA	SBBAAA	AAAAxx
+8375	721	1	3	5	15	75	375	375	3375	8375	150	151	DKAAAA	TBBAAA	HHHHxx
+948	722	0	0	8	8	48	948	948	948	948	96	97	MKAAAA	UBBAAA	OOOOxx
+5613	723	1	1	3	13	13	613	1613	613	5613	26	27	XHAAAA	VBBAAA	VVVVxx
+6310	724	0	2	0	10	10	310	310	1310	6310	20	21	SIAAAA	WBBAAA	AAAAxx
+4254	725	0	2	4	14	54	254	254	4254	4254	108	109	QHAAAA	XBBAAA	HHHHxx
+4260	726	0	0	0	0	60	260	260	4260	4260	120	121	WHAAAA	YBBAAA	OOOOxx
+2060	727	0	0	0	0	60	60	60	2060	2060	120	121	GBAAAA	ZBBAAA	VVVVxx
+4831	728	1	3	1	11	31	831	831	4831	4831	62	63	VDAAAA	ACBAAA	AAAAxx
+6176	729	0	0	6	16	76	176	176	1176	6176	152	153	ODAAAA	BCBAAA	HHHHxx
+6688	730	0	0	8	8	88	688	688	1688	6688	176	177	GXAAAA	CCBAAA	OOOOxx
+5752	731	0	0	2	12	52	752	1752	752	5752	104	105	GNAAAA	DCBAAA	VVVVxx
+8714	732	0	2	4	14	14	714	714	3714	8714	28	29	EXAAAA	ECBAAA	AAAAxx
+6739	733	1	3	9	19	39	739	739	1739	6739	78	79	FZAAAA	FCBAAA	HHHHxx
+7066	734	0	2	6	6	66	66	1066	2066	7066	132	133	ULAAAA	GCBAAA	OOOOxx
+7250	735	0	2	0	10	50	250	1250	2250	7250	100	101	WSAAAA	HCBAAA	VVVVxx
+3161	736	1	1	1	1	61	161	1161	3161	3161	122	123	PRAAAA	ICBAAA	AAAAxx
+1411	737	1	3	1	11	11	411	1411	1411	1411	22	23	HCAAAA	JCBAAA	HHHHxx
+9301	738	1	1	1	1	1	301	1301	4301	9301	2	3	TTAAAA	KCBAAA	OOOOxx
+8324	739	0	0	4	4	24	324	324	3324	8324	48	49	EIAAAA	LCBAAA	VVVVxx
+9641	740	1	1	1	1	41	641	1641	4641	9641	82	83	VGAAAA	MCBAAA	AAAAxx
+7077	741	1	1	7	17	77	77	1077	2077	7077	154	155	FMAAAA	NCBAAA	HHHHxx
+9888	742	0	0	8	8	88	888	1888	4888	9888	176	177	IQAAAA	OCBAAA	OOOOxx
+9909	743	1	1	9	9	9	909	1909	4909	9909	18	19	DRAAAA	PCBAAA	VVVVxx
+2209	744	1	1	9	9	9	209	209	2209	2209	18	19	ZGAAAA	QCBAAA	AAAAxx
+6904	745	0	0	4	4	4	904	904	1904	6904	8	9	OFAAAA	RCBAAA	HHHHxx
+6608	746	0	0	8	8	8	608	608	1608	6608	16	17	EUAAAA	SCBAAA	OOOOxx
+8400	747	0	0	0	0	0	400	400	3400	8400	0	1	CLAAAA	TCBAAA	VVVVxx
+5124	748	0	0	4	4	24	124	1124	124	5124	48	49	CPAAAA	UCBAAA	AAAAxx
+5484	749	0	0	4	4	84	484	1484	484	5484	168	169	YCAAAA	VCBAAA	HHHHxx
+3575	750	1	3	5	15	75	575	1575	3575	3575	150	151	NHAAAA	WCBAAA	OOOOxx
+9723	751	1	3	3	3	23	723	1723	4723	9723	46	47	ZJAAAA	XCBAAA	VVVVxx
+360	752	0	0	0	0	60	360	360	360	360	120	121	WNAAAA	YCBAAA	AAAAxx
+1059	753	1	3	9	19	59	59	1059	1059	1059	118	119	TOAAAA	ZCBAAA	HHHHxx
+4941	754	1	1	1	1	41	941	941	4941	4941	82	83	BIAAAA	ADBAAA	OOOOxx
+2535	755	1	3	5	15	35	535	535	2535	2535	70	71	NTAAAA	BDBAAA	VVVVxx
+4119	756	1	3	9	19	19	119	119	4119	4119	38	39	LCAAAA	CDBAAA	AAAAxx
+3725	757	1	1	5	5	25	725	1725	3725	3725	50	51	HNAAAA	DDBAAA	HHHHxx
+4758	758	0	2	8	18	58	758	758	4758	4758	116	117	ABAAAA	EDBAAA	OOOOxx
+9593	759	1	1	3	13	93	593	1593	4593	9593	186	187	ZEAAAA	FDBAAA	VVVVxx
+4663	760	1	3	3	3	63	663	663	4663	4663	126	127	JXAAAA	GDBAAA	AAAAxx
+7734	761	0	2	4	14	34	734	1734	2734	7734	68	69	MLAAAA	HDBAAA	HHHHxx
+9156	762	0	0	6	16	56	156	1156	4156	9156	112	113	EOAAAA	IDBAAA	OOOOxx
+8120	763	0	0	0	0	20	120	120	3120	8120	40	41	IAAAAA	JDBAAA	VVVVxx
+4385	764	1	1	5	5	85	385	385	4385	4385	170	171	RMAAAA	KDBAAA	AAAAxx
+2926	765	0	2	6	6	26	926	926	2926	2926	52	53	OIAAAA	LDBAAA	HHHHxx
+4186	766	0	2	6	6	86	186	186	4186	4186	172	173	AFAAAA	MDBAAA	OOOOxx
+2508	767	0	0	8	8	8	508	508	2508	2508	16	17	MSAAAA	NDBAAA	VVVVxx
+4012	768	0	0	2	12	12	12	12	4012	4012	24	25	IYAAAA	ODBAAA	AAAAxx
+6266	769	0	2	6	6	66	266	266	1266	6266	132	133	AHAAAA	PDBAAA	HHHHxx
+3709	770	1	1	9	9	9	709	1709	3709	3709	18	19	RMAAAA	QDBAAA	OOOOxx
+7289	771	1	1	9	9	89	289	1289	2289	7289	178	179	JUAAAA	RDBAAA	VVVVxx
+8875	772	1	3	5	15	75	875	875	3875	8875	150	151	JDAAAA	SDBAAA	AAAAxx
+4412	773	0	0	2	12	12	412	412	4412	4412	24	25	SNAAAA	TDBAAA	HHHHxx
+3033	774	1	1	3	13	33	33	1033	3033	3033	66	67	RMAAAA	UDBAAA	OOOOxx
+1645	775	1	1	5	5	45	645	1645	1645	1645	90	91	HLAAAA	VDBAAA	VVVVxx
+3557	776	1	1	7	17	57	557	1557	3557	3557	114	115	VGAAAA	WDBAAA	AAAAxx
+6316	777	0	0	6	16	16	316	316	1316	6316	32	33	YIAAAA	XDBAAA	HHHHxx
+2054	778	0	2	4	14	54	54	54	2054	2054	108	109	ABAAAA	YDBAAA	OOOOxx
+7031	779	1	3	1	11	31	31	1031	2031	7031	62	63	LKAAAA	ZDBAAA	VVVVxx
+3405	780	1	1	5	5	5	405	1405	3405	3405	10	11	ZAAAAA	AEBAAA	AAAAxx
+5343	781	1	3	3	3	43	343	1343	343	5343	86	87	NXAAAA	BEBAAA	HHHHxx
+5240	782	0	0	0	0	40	240	1240	240	5240	80	81	OTAAAA	CEBAAA	OOOOxx
+9650	783	0	2	0	10	50	650	1650	4650	9650	100	101	EHAAAA	DEBAAA	VVVVxx
+3777	784	1	1	7	17	77	777	1777	3777	3777	154	155	HPAAAA	EEBAAA	AAAAxx
+9041	785	1	1	1	1	41	41	1041	4041	9041	82	83	TJAAAA	FEBAAA	HHHHxx
+6923	786	1	3	3	3	23	923	923	1923	6923	46	47	HGAAAA	GEBAAA	OOOOxx
+2977	787	1	1	7	17	77	977	977	2977	2977	154	155	NKAAAA	HEBAAA	VVVVxx
+5500	788	0	0	0	0	0	500	1500	500	5500	0	1	ODAAAA	IEBAAA	AAAAxx
+1044	789	0	0	4	4	44	44	1044	1044	1044	88	89	EOAAAA	JEBAAA	HHHHxx
+434	790	0	2	4	14	34	434	434	434	434	68	69	SQAAAA	KEBAAA	OOOOxx
+611	791	1	3	1	11	11	611	611	611	611	22	23	NXAAAA	LEBAAA	VVVVxx
+5760	792	0	0	0	0	60	760	1760	760	5760	120	121	ONAAAA	MEBAAA	AAAAxx
+2445	793	1	1	5	5	45	445	445	2445	2445	90	91	BQAAAA	NEBAAA	HHHHxx
+7098	794	0	2	8	18	98	98	1098	2098	7098	196	197	ANAAAA	OEBAAA	OOOOxx
+2188	795	0	0	8	8	88	188	188	2188	2188	176	177	EGAAAA	PEBAAA	VVVVxx
+4597	796	1	1	7	17	97	597	597	4597	4597	194	195	VUAAAA	QEBAAA	AAAAxx
+1913	797	1	1	3	13	13	913	1913	1913	1913	26	27	PVAAAA	REBAAA	HHHHxx
+8696	798	0	0	6	16	96	696	696	3696	8696	192	193	MWAAAA	SEBAAA	OOOOxx
+3332	799	0	0	2	12	32	332	1332	3332	3332	64	65	EYAAAA	TEBAAA	VVVVxx
+8760	800	0	0	0	0	60	760	760	3760	8760	120	121	YYAAAA	UEBAAA	AAAAxx
+3215	801	1	3	5	15	15	215	1215	3215	3215	30	31	RTAAAA	VEBAAA	HHHHxx
+1625	802	1	1	5	5	25	625	1625	1625	1625	50	51	NKAAAA	WEBAAA	OOOOxx
+4219	803	1	3	9	19	19	219	219	4219	4219	38	39	HGAAAA	XEBAAA	VVVVxx
+415	804	1	3	5	15	15	415	415	415	415	30	31	ZPAAAA	YEBAAA	AAAAxx
+4242	805	0	2	2	2	42	242	242	4242	4242	84	85	EHAAAA	ZEBAAA	HHHHxx
+8660	806	0	0	0	0	60	660	660	3660	8660	120	121	CVAAAA	AFBAAA	OOOOxx
+6525	807	1	1	5	5	25	525	525	1525	6525	50	51	ZQAAAA	BFBAAA	VVVVxx
+2141	808	1	1	1	1	41	141	141	2141	2141	82	83	JEAAAA	CFBAAA	AAAAxx
+5152	809	0	0	2	12	52	152	1152	152	5152	104	105	EQAAAA	DFBAAA	HHHHxx
+8560	810	0	0	0	0	60	560	560	3560	8560	120	121	GRAAAA	EFBAAA	OOOOxx
+9835	811	1	3	5	15	35	835	1835	4835	9835	70	71	HOAAAA	FFBAAA	VVVVxx
+2657	812	1	1	7	17	57	657	657	2657	2657	114	115	FYAAAA	GFBAAA	AAAAxx
+6085	813	1	1	5	5	85	85	85	1085	6085	170	171	BAAAAA	HFBAAA	HHHHxx
+6698	814	0	2	8	18	98	698	698	1698	6698	196	197	QXAAAA	IFBAAA	OOOOxx
+5421	815	1	1	1	1	21	421	1421	421	5421	42	43	NAAAAA	JFBAAA	VVVVxx
+6661	816	1	1	1	1	61	661	661	1661	6661	122	123	FWAAAA	KFBAAA	AAAAxx
+5645	817	1	1	5	5	45	645	1645	645	5645	90	91	DJAAAA	LFBAAA	HHHHxx
+1248	818	0	0	8	8	48	248	1248	1248	1248	96	97	AWAAAA	MFBAAA	OOOOxx
+5690	819	0	2	0	10	90	690	1690	690	5690	180	181	WKAAAA	NFBAAA	VVVVxx
+4762	820	0	2	2	2	62	762	762	4762	4762	124	125	EBAAAA	OFBAAA	AAAAxx
+1455	821	1	3	5	15	55	455	1455	1455	1455	110	111	ZDAAAA	PFBAAA	HHHHxx
+9846	822	0	2	6	6	46	846	1846	4846	9846	92	93	SOAAAA	QFBAAA	OOOOxx
+5295	823	1	3	5	15	95	295	1295	295	5295	190	191	RVAAAA	RFBAAA	VVVVxx
+2826	824	0	2	6	6	26	826	826	2826	2826	52	53	SEAAAA	SFBAAA	AAAAxx
+7496	825	0	0	6	16	96	496	1496	2496	7496	192	193	ICAAAA	TFBAAA	HHHHxx
+3024	826	0	0	4	4	24	24	1024	3024	3024	48	49	IMAAAA	UFBAAA	OOOOxx
+4945	827	1	1	5	5	45	945	945	4945	4945	90	91	FIAAAA	VFBAAA	VVVVxx
+4404	828	0	0	4	4	4	404	404	4404	4404	8	9	KNAAAA	WFBAAA	AAAAxx
+9302	829	0	2	2	2	2	302	1302	4302	9302	4	5	UTAAAA	XFBAAA	HHHHxx
+1286	830	0	2	6	6	86	286	1286	1286	1286	172	173	MXAAAA	YFBAAA	OOOOxx
+8435	831	1	3	5	15	35	435	435	3435	8435	70	71	LMAAAA	ZFBAAA	VVVVxx
+8969	832	1	1	9	9	69	969	969	3969	8969	138	139	ZGAAAA	AGBAAA	AAAAxx
+3302	833	0	2	2	2	2	302	1302	3302	3302	4	5	AXAAAA	BGBAAA	HHHHxx
+9753	834	1	1	3	13	53	753	1753	4753	9753	106	107	DLAAAA	CGBAAA	OOOOxx
+9374	835	0	2	4	14	74	374	1374	4374	9374	148	149	OWAAAA	DGBAAA	VVVVxx
+4907	836	1	3	7	7	7	907	907	4907	4907	14	15	TGAAAA	EGBAAA	AAAAxx
+1659	837	1	3	9	19	59	659	1659	1659	1659	118	119	VLAAAA	FGBAAA	HHHHxx
+5095	838	1	3	5	15	95	95	1095	95	5095	190	191	ZNAAAA	GGBAAA	OOOOxx
+9446	839	0	2	6	6	46	446	1446	4446	9446	92	93	IZAAAA	HGBAAA	VVVVxx
+8528	840	0	0	8	8	28	528	528	3528	8528	56	57	AQAAAA	IGBAAA	AAAAxx
+4890	841	0	2	0	10	90	890	890	4890	4890	180	181	CGAAAA	JGBAAA	HHHHxx
+1221	842	1	1	1	1	21	221	1221	1221	1221	42	43	ZUAAAA	KGBAAA	OOOOxx
+5583	843	1	3	3	3	83	583	1583	583	5583	166	167	TGAAAA	LGBAAA	VVVVxx
+7303	844	1	3	3	3	3	303	1303	2303	7303	6	7	XUAAAA	MGBAAA	AAAAxx
+406	845	0	2	6	6	6	406	406	406	406	12	13	QPAAAA	NGBAAA	HHHHxx
+7542	846	0	2	2	2	42	542	1542	2542	7542	84	85	CEAAAA	OGBAAA	OOOOxx
+9507	847	1	3	7	7	7	507	1507	4507	9507	14	15	RBAAAA	PGBAAA	VVVVxx
+9511	848	1	3	1	11	11	511	1511	4511	9511	22	23	VBAAAA	QGBAAA	AAAAxx
+1373	849	1	1	3	13	73	373	1373	1373	1373	146	147	VAAAAA	RGBAAA	HHHHxx
+6556	850	0	0	6	16	56	556	556	1556	6556	112	113	ESAAAA	SGBAAA	OOOOxx
+4117	851	1	1	7	17	17	117	117	4117	4117	34	35	JCAAAA	TGBAAA	VVVVxx
+7794	852	0	2	4	14	94	794	1794	2794	7794	188	189	UNAAAA	UGBAAA	AAAAxx
+7170	853	0	2	0	10	70	170	1170	2170	7170	140	141	UPAAAA	VGBAAA	HHHHxx
+5809	854	1	1	9	9	9	809	1809	809	5809	18	19	LPAAAA	WGBAAA	OOOOxx
+7828	855	0	0	8	8	28	828	1828	2828	7828	56	57	CPAAAA	XGBAAA	VVVVxx
+8046	856	0	2	6	6	46	46	46	3046	8046	92	93	MXAAAA	YGBAAA	AAAAxx
+4833	857	1	1	3	13	33	833	833	4833	4833	66	67	XDAAAA	ZGBAAA	HHHHxx
+2107	858	1	3	7	7	7	107	107	2107	2107	14	15	BDAAAA	AHBAAA	OOOOxx
+4276	859	0	0	6	16	76	276	276	4276	4276	152	153	MIAAAA	BHBAAA	VVVVxx
+9536	860	0	0	6	16	36	536	1536	4536	9536	72	73	UCAAAA	CHBAAA	AAAAxx
+5549	861	1	1	9	9	49	549	1549	549	5549	98	99	LFAAAA	DHBAAA	HHHHxx
+6427	862	1	3	7	7	27	427	427	1427	6427	54	55	FNAAAA	EHBAAA	OOOOxx
+1382	863	0	2	2	2	82	382	1382	1382	1382	164	165	EBAAAA	FHBAAA	VVVVxx
+3256	864	0	0	6	16	56	256	1256	3256	3256	112	113	GVAAAA	GHBAAA	AAAAxx
+3270	865	0	2	0	10	70	270	1270	3270	3270	140	141	UVAAAA	HHBAAA	HHHHxx
+4808	866	0	0	8	8	8	808	808	4808	4808	16	17	YCAAAA	IHBAAA	OOOOxx
+7938	867	0	2	8	18	38	938	1938	2938	7938	76	77	ITAAAA	JHBAAA	VVVVxx
+4405	868	1	1	5	5	5	405	405	4405	4405	10	11	LNAAAA	KHBAAA	AAAAxx
+2264	869	0	0	4	4	64	264	264	2264	2264	128	129	CJAAAA	LHBAAA	HHHHxx
+80	870	0	0	0	0	80	80	80	80	80	160	161	CDAAAA	MHBAAA	OOOOxx
+320	871	0	0	0	0	20	320	320	320	320	40	41	IMAAAA	NHBAAA	VVVVxx
+2383	872	1	3	3	3	83	383	383	2383	2383	166	167	RNAAAA	OHBAAA	AAAAxx
+3146	873	0	2	6	6	46	146	1146	3146	3146	92	93	ARAAAA	PHBAAA	HHHHxx
+6911	874	1	3	1	11	11	911	911	1911	6911	22	23	VFAAAA	QHBAAA	OOOOxx
+7377	875	1	1	7	17	77	377	1377	2377	7377	154	155	TXAAAA	RHBAAA	VVVVxx
+9965	876	1	1	5	5	65	965	1965	4965	9965	130	131	HTAAAA	SHBAAA	AAAAxx
+8361	877	1	1	1	1	61	361	361	3361	8361	122	123	PJAAAA	THBAAA	HHHHxx
+9417	878	1	1	7	17	17	417	1417	4417	9417	34	35	FYAAAA	UHBAAA	OOOOxx
+2483	879	1	3	3	3	83	483	483	2483	2483	166	167	NRAAAA	VHBAAA	VVVVxx
+9843	880	1	3	3	3	43	843	1843	4843	9843	86	87	POAAAA	WHBAAA	AAAAxx
+6395	881	1	3	5	15	95	395	395	1395	6395	190	191	ZLAAAA	XHBAAA	HHHHxx
+6444	882	0	0	4	4	44	444	444	1444	6444	88	89	WNAAAA	YHBAAA	OOOOxx
+1820	883	0	0	0	0	20	820	1820	1820	1820	40	41	ASAAAA	ZHBAAA	VVVVxx
+2768	884	0	0	8	8	68	768	768	2768	2768	136	137	MCAAAA	AIBAAA	AAAAxx
+5413	885	1	1	3	13	13	413	1413	413	5413	26	27	FAAAAA	BIBAAA	HHHHxx
+2923	886	1	3	3	3	23	923	923	2923	2923	46	47	LIAAAA	CIBAAA	OOOOxx
+5286	887	0	2	6	6	86	286	1286	286	5286	172	173	IVAAAA	DIBAAA	VVVVxx
+6126	888	0	2	6	6	26	126	126	1126	6126	52	53	QBAAAA	EIBAAA	AAAAxx
+8343	889	1	3	3	3	43	343	343	3343	8343	86	87	XIAAAA	FIBAAA	HHHHxx
+6010	890	0	2	0	10	10	10	10	1010	6010	20	21	EXAAAA	GIBAAA	OOOOxx
+4177	891	1	1	7	17	77	177	177	4177	4177	154	155	REAAAA	HIBAAA	VVVVxx
+5808	892	0	0	8	8	8	808	1808	808	5808	16	17	KPAAAA	IIBAAA	AAAAxx
+4859	893	1	3	9	19	59	859	859	4859	4859	118	119	XEAAAA	JIBAAA	HHHHxx
+9252	894	0	0	2	12	52	252	1252	4252	9252	104	105	WRAAAA	KIBAAA	OOOOxx
+2941	895	1	1	1	1	41	941	941	2941	2941	82	83	DJAAAA	LIBAAA	VVVVxx
+8693	896	1	1	3	13	93	693	693	3693	8693	186	187	JWAAAA	MIBAAA	AAAAxx
+4432	897	0	0	2	12	32	432	432	4432	4432	64	65	MOAAAA	NIBAAA	HHHHxx
+2371	898	1	3	1	11	71	371	371	2371	2371	142	143	FNAAAA	OIBAAA	OOOOxx
+7546	899	0	2	6	6	46	546	1546	2546	7546	92	93	GEAAAA	PIBAAA	VVVVxx
+1369	900	1	1	9	9	69	369	1369	1369	1369	138	139	RAAAAA	QIBAAA	AAAAxx
+4687	901	1	3	7	7	87	687	687	4687	4687	174	175	HYAAAA	RIBAAA	HHHHxx
+8941	902	1	1	1	1	41	941	941	3941	8941	82	83	XFAAAA	SIBAAA	OOOOxx
+226	903	0	2	6	6	26	226	226	226	226	52	53	SIAAAA	TIBAAA	VVVVxx
+3493	904	1	1	3	13	93	493	1493	3493	3493	186	187	JEAAAA	UIBAAA	AAAAxx
+6433	905	1	1	3	13	33	433	433	1433	6433	66	67	LNAAAA	VIBAAA	HHHHxx
+9189	906	1	1	9	9	89	189	1189	4189	9189	178	179	LPAAAA	WIBAAA	OOOOxx
+6027	907	1	3	7	7	27	27	27	1027	6027	54	55	VXAAAA	XIBAAA	VVVVxx
+4615	908	1	3	5	15	15	615	615	4615	4615	30	31	NVAAAA	YIBAAA	AAAAxx
+5320	909	0	0	0	0	20	320	1320	320	5320	40	41	QWAAAA	ZIBAAA	HHHHxx
+7002	910	0	2	2	2	2	2	1002	2002	7002	4	5	IJAAAA	AJBAAA	OOOOxx
+7367	911	1	3	7	7	67	367	1367	2367	7367	134	135	JXAAAA	BJBAAA	VVVVxx
+289	912	1	1	9	9	89	289	289	289	289	178	179	DLAAAA	CJBAAA	AAAAxx
+407	913	1	3	7	7	7	407	407	407	407	14	15	RPAAAA	DJBAAA	HHHHxx
+504	914	0	0	4	4	4	504	504	504	504	8	9	KTAAAA	EJBAAA	OOOOxx
+8301	915	1	1	1	1	1	301	301	3301	8301	2	3	HHAAAA	FJBAAA	VVVVxx
+1396	916	0	0	6	16	96	396	1396	1396	1396	192	193	SBAAAA	GJBAAA	AAAAxx
+4794	917	0	2	4	14	94	794	794	4794	4794	188	189	KCAAAA	HJBAAA	HHHHxx
+6400	918	0	0	0	0	0	400	400	1400	6400	0	1	EMAAAA	IJBAAA	OOOOxx
+1275	919	1	3	5	15	75	275	1275	1275	1275	150	151	BXAAAA	JJBAAA	VVVVxx
+5797	920	1	1	7	17	97	797	1797	797	5797	194	195	ZOAAAA	KJBAAA	AAAAxx
+2221	921	1	1	1	1	21	221	221	2221	2221	42	43	LHAAAA	LJBAAA	HHHHxx
+2504	922	0	0	4	4	4	504	504	2504	2504	8	9	ISAAAA	MJBAAA	OOOOxx
+2143	923	1	3	3	3	43	143	143	2143	2143	86	87	LEAAAA	NJBAAA	VVVVxx
+1083	924	1	3	3	3	83	83	1083	1083	1083	166	167	RPAAAA	OJBAAA	AAAAxx
+6148	925	0	0	8	8	48	148	148	1148	6148	96	97	MCAAAA	PJBAAA	HHHHxx
+3612	926	0	0	2	12	12	612	1612	3612	3612	24	25	YIAAAA	QJBAAA	OOOOxx
+9499	927	1	3	9	19	99	499	1499	4499	9499	198	199	JBAAAA	RJBAAA	VVVVxx
+5773	928	1	1	3	13	73	773	1773	773	5773	146	147	BOAAAA	SJBAAA	AAAAxx
+1014	929	0	2	4	14	14	14	1014	1014	1014	28	29	ANAAAA	TJBAAA	HHHHxx
+1427	930	1	3	7	7	27	427	1427	1427	1427	54	55	XCAAAA	UJBAAA	OOOOxx
+6770	931	0	2	0	10	70	770	770	1770	6770	140	141	KAAAAA	VJBAAA	VVVVxx
+9042	932	0	2	2	2	42	42	1042	4042	9042	84	85	UJAAAA	WJBAAA	AAAAxx
+9892	933	0	0	2	12	92	892	1892	4892	9892	184	185	MQAAAA	XJBAAA	HHHHxx
+1771	934	1	3	1	11	71	771	1771	1771	1771	142	143	DQAAAA	YJBAAA	OOOOxx
+7392	935	0	0	2	12	92	392	1392	2392	7392	184	185	IYAAAA	ZJBAAA	VVVVxx
+4465	936	1	1	5	5	65	465	465	4465	4465	130	131	TPAAAA	AKBAAA	AAAAxx
+278	937	0	2	8	18	78	278	278	278	278	156	157	SKAAAA	BKBAAA	HHHHxx
+7776	938	0	0	6	16	76	776	1776	2776	7776	152	153	CNAAAA	CKBAAA	OOOOxx
+3763	939	1	3	3	3	63	763	1763	3763	3763	126	127	TOAAAA	DKBAAA	VVVVxx
+7503	940	1	3	3	3	3	503	1503	2503	7503	6	7	PCAAAA	EKBAAA	AAAAxx
+3793	941	1	1	3	13	93	793	1793	3793	3793	186	187	XPAAAA	FKBAAA	HHHHxx
+6510	942	0	2	0	10	10	510	510	1510	6510	20	21	KQAAAA	GKBAAA	OOOOxx
+7641	943	1	1	1	1	41	641	1641	2641	7641	82	83	XHAAAA	HKBAAA	VVVVxx
+3228	944	0	0	8	8	28	228	1228	3228	3228	56	57	EUAAAA	IKBAAA	AAAAxx
+194	945	0	2	4	14	94	194	194	194	194	188	189	MHAAAA	JKBAAA	HHHHxx
+8555	946	1	3	5	15	55	555	555	3555	8555	110	111	BRAAAA	KKBAAA	OOOOxx
+4997	947	1	1	7	17	97	997	997	4997	4997	194	195	FKAAAA	LKBAAA	VVVVxx
+8687	948	1	3	7	7	87	687	687	3687	8687	174	175	DWAAAA	MKBAAA	AAAAxx
+6632	949	0	0	2	12	32	632	632	1632	6632	64	65	CVAAAA	NKBAAA	HHHHxx
+9607	950	1	3	7	7	7	607	1607	4607	9607	14	15	NFAAAA	OKBAAA	OOOOxx
+6201	951	1	1	1	1	1	201	201	1201	6201	2	3	NEAAAA	PKBAAA	VVVVxx
+857	952	1	1	7	17	57	857	857	857	857	114	115	ZGAAAA	QKBAAA	AAAAxx
+5623	953	1	3	3	3	23	623	1623	623	5623	46	47	HIAAAA	RKBAAA	HHHHxx
+5979	954	1	3	9	19	79	979	1979	979	5979	158	159	ZVAAAA	SKBAAA	OOOOxx
+2201	955	1	1	1	1	1	201	201	2201	2201	2	3	RGAAAA	TKBAAA	VVVVxx
+3166	956	0	2	6	6	66	166	1166	3166	3166	132	133	URAAAA	UKBAAA	AAAAxx
+6249	957	1	1	9	9	49	249	249	1249	6249	98	99	JGAAAA	VKBAAA	HHHHxx
+3271	958	1	3	1	11	71	271	1271	3271	3271	142	143	VVAAAA	WKBAAA	OOOOxx
+7777	959	1	1	7	17	77	777	1777	2777	7777	154	155	DNAAAA	XKBAAA	VVVVxx
+6732	960	0	0	2	12	32	732	732	1732	6732	64	65	YYAAAA	YKBAAA	AAAAxx
+6297	961	1	1	7	17	97	297	297	1297	6297	194	195	FIAAAA	ZKBAAA	HHHHxx
+5685	962	1	1	5	5	85	685	1685	685	5685	170	171	RKAAAA	ALBAAA	OOOOxx
+9931	963	1	3	1	11	31	931	1931	4931	9931	62	63	ZRAAAA	BLBAAA	VVVVxx
+7485	964	1	1	5	5	85	485	1485	2485	7485	170	171	XBAAAA	CLBAAA	AAAAxx
+386	965	0	2	6	6	86	386	386	386	386	172	173	WOAAAA	DLBAAA	HHHHxx
+8204	966	0	0	4	4	4	204	204	3204	8204	8	9	ODAAAA	ELBAAA	OOOOxx
+3606	967	0	2	6	6	6	606	1606	3606	3606	12	13	SIAAAA	FLBAAA	VVVVxx
+1692	968	0	0	2	12	92	692	1692	1692	1692	184	185	CNAAAA	GLBAAA	AAAAxx
+3002	969	0	2	2	2	2	2	1002	3002	3002	4	5	MLAAAA	HLBAAA	HHHHxx
+9676	970	0	0	6	16	76	676	1676	4676	9676	152	153	EIAAAA	ILBAAA	OOOOxx
+915	971	1	3	5	15	15	915	915	915	915	30	31	FJAAAA	JLBAAA	VVVVxx
+7706	972	0	2	6	6	6	706	1706	2706	7706	12	13	KKAAAA	KLBAAA	AAAAxx
+6080	973	0	0	0	0	80	80	80	1080	6080	160	161	WZAAAA	LLBAAA	HHHHxx
+1860	974	0	0	0	0	60	860	1860	1860	1860	120	121	OTAAAA	MLBAAA	OOOOxx
+1444	975	0	0	4	4	44	444	1444	1444	1444	88	89	ODAAAA	NLBAAA	VVVVxx
+7208	976	0	0	8	8	8	208	1208	2208	7208	16	17	GRAAAA	OLBAAA	AAAAxx
+8554	977	0	2	4	14	54	554	554	3554	8554	108	109	ARAAAA	PLBAAA	HHHHxx
+2028	978	0	0	8	8	28	28	28	2028	2028	56	57	AAAAAA	QLBAAA	OOOOxx
+9893	979	1	1	3	13	93	893	1893	4893	9893	186	187	NQAAAA	RLBAAA	VVVVxx
+4740	980	0	0	0	0	40	740	740	4740	4740	80	81	IAAAAA	SLBAAA	AAAAxx
+6186	981	0	2	6	6	86	186	186	1186	6186	172	173	YDAAAA	TLBAAA	HHHHxx
+6357	982	1	1	7	17	57	357	357	1357	6357	114	115	NKAAAA	ULBAAA	OOOOxx
+3699	983	1	3	9	19	99	699	1699	3699	3699	198	199	HMAAAA	VLBAAA	VVVVxx
+7620	984	0	0	0	0	20	620	1620	2620	7620	40	41	CHAAAA	WLBAAA	AAAAxx
+921	985	1	1	1	1	21	921	921	921	921	42	43	LJAAAA	XLBAAA	HHHHxx
+5506	986	0	2	6	6	6	506	1506	506	5506	12	13	UDAAAA	YLBAAA	OOOOxx
+8851	987	1	3	1	11	51	851	851	3851	8851	102	103	LCAAAA	ZLBAAA	VVVVxx
+3205	988	1	1	5	5	5	205	1205	3205	3205	10	11	HTAAAA	AMBAAA	AAAAxx
+1956	989	0	0	6	16	56	956	1956	1956	1956	112	113	GXAAAA	BMBAAA	HHHHxx
+6272	990	0	0	2	12	72	272	272	1272	6272	144	145	GHAAAA	CMBAAA	OOOOxx
+1509	991	1	1	9	9	9	509	1509	1509	1509	18	19	BGAAAA	DMBAAA	VVVVxx
+53	992	1	1	3	13	53	53	53	53	53	106	107	BCAAAA	EMBAAA	AAAAxx
+213	993	1	1	3	13	13	213	213	213	213	26	27	FIAAAA	FMBAAA	HHHHxx
+4924	994	0	0	4	4	24	924	924	4924	4924	48	49	KHAAAA	GMBAAA	OOOOxx
+2097	995	1	1	7	17	97	97	97	2097	2097	194	195	RCAAAA	HMBAAA	VVVVxx
+4607	996	1	3	7	7	7	607	607	4607	4607	14	15	FVAAAA	IMBAAA	AAAAxx
+1582	997	0	2	2	2	82	582	1582	1582	1582	164	165	WIAAAA	JMBAAA	HHHHxx
+6643	998	1	3	3	3	43	643	643	1643	6643	86	87	NVAAAA	KMBAAA	OOOOxx
+2238	999	0	2	8	18	38	238	238	2238	2238	76	77	CIAAAA	LMBAAA	VVVVxx
+2942	1000	0	2	2	2	42	942	942	2942	2942	84	85	EJAAAA	MMBAAA	AAAAxx
+1655	1001	1	3	5	15	55	655	1655	1655	1655	110	111	RLAAAA	NMBAAA	HHHHxx
+3226	1002	0	2	6	6	26	226	1226	3226	3226	52	53	CUAAAA	OMBAAA	OOOOxx
+4263	1003	1	3	3	3	63	263	263	4263	4263	126	127	ZHAAAA	PMBAAA	VVVVxx
+960	1004	0	0	0	0	60	960	960	960	960	120	121	YKAAAA	QMBAAA	AAAAxx
+1213	1005	1	1	3	13	13	213	1213	1213	1213	26	27	RUAAAA	RMBAAA	HHHHxx
+1845	1006	1	1	5	5	45	845	1845	1845	1845	90	91	ZSAAAA	SMBAAA	OOOOxx
+6944	1007	0	0	4	4	44	944	944	1944	6944	88	89	CHAAAA	TMBAAA	VVVVxx
+5284	1008	0	0	4	4	84	284	1284	284	5284	168	169	GVAAAA	UMBAAA	AAAAxx
+188	1009	0	0	8	8	88	188	188	188	188	176	177	GHAAAA	VMBAAA	HHHHxx
+748	1010	0	0	8	8	48	748	748	748	748	96	97	UCAAAA	WMBAAA	OOOOxx
+2226	1011	0	2	6	6	26	226	226	2226	2226	52	53	QHAAAA	XMBAAA	VVVVxx
+7342	1012	0	2	2	2	42	342	1342	2342	7342	84	85	KWAAAA	YMBAAA	AAAAxx
+6120	1013	0	0	0	0	20	120	120	1120	6120	40	41	KBAAAA	ZMBAAA	HHHHxx
+536	1014	0	0	6	16	36	536	536	536	536	72	73	QUAAAA	ANBAAA	OOOOxx
+3239	1015	1	3	9	19	39	239	1239	3239	3239	78	79	PUAAAA	BNBAAA	VVVVxx
+2832	1016	0	0	2	12	32	832	832	2832	2832	64	65	YEAAAA	CNBAAA	AAAAxx
+5296	1017	0	0	6	16	96	296	1296	296	5296	192	193	SVAAAA	DNBAAA	HHHHxx
+5795	1018	1	3	5	15	95	795	1795	795	5795	190	191	XOAAAA	ENBAAA	OOOOxx
+6290	1019	0	2	0	10	90	290	290	1290	6290	180	181	YHAAAA	FNBAAA	VVVVxx
+4916	1020	0	0	6	16	16	916	916	4916	4916	32	33	CHAAAA	GNBAAA	AAAAxx
+8366	1021	0	2	6	6	66	366	366	3366	8366	132	133	UJAAAA	HNBAAA	HHHHxx
+4248	1022	0	0	8	8	48	248	248	4248	4248	96	97	KHAAAA	INBAAA	OOOOxx
+6460	1023	0	0	0	0	60	460	460	1460	6460	120	121	MOAAAA	JNBAAA	VVVVxx
+9296	1024	0	0	6	16	96	296	1296	4296	9296	192	193	OTAAAA	KNBAAA	AAAAxx
+3486	1025	0	2	6	6	86	486	1486	3486	3486	172	173	CEAAAA	LNBAAA	HHHHxx
+5664	1026	0	0	4	4	64	664	1664	664	5664	128	129	WJAAAA	MNBAAA	OOOOxx
+7624	1027	0	0	4	4	24	624	1624	2624	7624	48	49	GHAAAA	NNBAAA	VVVVxx
+2790	1028	0	2	0	10	90	790	790	2790	2790	180	181	IDAAAA	ONBAAA	AAAAxx
+682	1029	0	2	2	2	82	682	682	682	682	164	165	GAAAAA	PNBAAA	HHHHxx
+6412	1030	0	0	2	12	12	412	412	1412	6412	24	25	QMAAAA	QNBAAA	OOOOxx
+6882	1031	0	2	2	2	82	882	882	1882	6882	164	165	SEAAAA	RNBAAA	VVVVxx
+1332	1032	0	0	2	12	32	332	1332	1332	1332	64	65	GZAAAA	SNBAAA	AAAAxx
+4911	1033	1	3	1	11	11	911	911	4911	4911	22	23	XGAAAA	TNBAAA	HHHHxx
+3528	1034	0	0	8	8	28	528	1528	3528	3528	56	57	SFAAAA	UNBAAA	OOOOxx
+271	1035	1	3	1	11	71	271	271	271	271	142	143	LKAAAA	VNBAAA	VVVVxx
+7007	1036	1	3	7	7	7	7	1007	2007	7007	14	15	NJAAAA	WNBAAA	AAAAxx
+2198	1037	0	2	8	18	98	198	198	2198	2198	196	197	OGAAAA	XNBAAA	HHHHxx
+4266	1038	0	2	6	6	66	266	266	4266	4266	132	133	CIAAAA	YNBAAA	OOOOxx
+9867	1039	1	3	7	7	67	867	1867	4867	9867	134	135	NPAAAA	ZNBAAA	VVVVxx
+7602	1040	0	2	2	2	2	602	1602	2602	7602	4	5	KGAAAA	AOBAAA	AAAAxx
+7521	1041	1	1	1	1	21	521	1521	2521	7521	42	43	HDAAAA	BOBAAA	HHHHxx
+7200	1042	0	0	0	0	0	200	1200	2200	7200	0	1	YQAAAA	COBAAA	OOOOxx
+4816	1043	0	0	6	16	16	816	816	4816	4816	32	33	GDAAAA	DOBAAA	VVVVxx
+1669	1044	1	1	9	9	69	669	1669	1669	1669	138	139	FMAAAA	EOBAAA	AAAAxx
+4764	1045	0	0	4	4	64	764	764	4764	4764	128	129	GBAAAA	FOBAAA	HHHHxx
+7393	1046	1	1	3	13	93	393	1393	2393	7393	186	187	JYAAAA	GOBAAA	OOOOxx
+7434	1047	0	2	4	14	34	434	1434	2434	7434	68	69	YZAAAA	HOBAAA	VVVVxx
+9079	1048	1	3	9	19	79	79	1079	4079	9079	158	159	FLAAAA	IOBAAA	AAAAxx
+9668	1049	0	0	8	8	68	668	1668	4668	9668	136	137	WHAAAA	JOBAAA	HHHHxx
+7184	1050	0	0	4	4	84	184	1184	2184	7184	168	169	IQAAAA	KOBAAA	OOOOxx
+7347	1051	1	3	7	7	47	347	1347	2347	7347	94	95	PWAAAA	LOBAAA	VVVVxx
+951	1052	1	3	1	11	51	951	951	951	951	102	103	PKAAAA	MOBAAA	AAAAxx
+4513	1053	1	1	3	13	13	513	513	4513	4513	26	27	PRAAAA	NOBAAA	HHHHxx
+2692	1054	0	0	2	12	92	692	692	2692	2692	184	185	OZAAAA	OOBAAA	OOOOxx
+9930	1055	0	2	0	10	30	930	1930	4930	9930	60	61	YRAAAA	POBAAA	VVVVxx
+4516	1056	0	0	6	16	16	516	516	4516	4516	32	33	SRAAAA	QOBAAA	AAAAxx
+1592	1057	0	0	2	12	92	592	1592	1592	1592	184	185	GJAAAA	ROBAAA	HHHHxx
+6312	1058	0	0	2	12	12	312	312	1312	6312	24	25	UIAAAA	SOBAAA	OOOOxx
+185	1059	1	1	5	5	85	185	185	185	185	170	171	DHAAAA	TOBAAA	VVVVxx
+1848	1060	0	0	8	8	48	848	1848	1848	1848	96	97	CTAAAA	UOBAAA	AAAAxx
+5844	1061	0	0	4	4	44	844	1844	844	5844	88	89	UQAAAA	VOBAAA	HHHHxx
+1666	1062	0	2	6	6	66	666	1666	1666	1666	132	133	CMAAAA	WOBAAA	OOOOxx
+5864	1063	0	0	4	4	64	864	1864	864	5864	128	129	ORAAAA	XOBAAA	VVVVxx
+1004	1064	0	0	4	4	4	4	1004	1004	1004	8	9	QMAAAA	YOBAAA	AAAAxx
+1758	1065	0	2	8	18	58	758	1758	1758	1758	116	117	QPAAAA	ZOBAAA	HHHHxx
+8823	1066	1	3	3	3	23	823	823	3823	8823	46	47	JBAAAA	APBAAA	OOOOxx
+129	1067	1	1	9	9	29	129	129	129	129	58	59	ZEAAAA	BPBAAA	VVVVxx
+5703	1068	1	3	3	3	3	703	1703	703	5703	6	7	JLAAAA	CPBAAA	AAAAxx
+3331	1069	1	3	1	11	31	331	1331	3331	3331	62	63	DYAAAA	DPBAAA	HHHHxx
+5791	1070	1	3	1	11	91	791	1791	791	5791	182	183	TOAAAA	EPBAAA	OOOOxx
+4421	1071	1	1	1	1	21	421	421	4421	4421	42	43	BOAAAA	FPBAAA	VVVVxx
+9740	1072	0	0	0	0	40	740	1740	4740	9740	80	81	QKAAAA	GPBAAA	AAAAxx
+798	1073	0	2	8	18	98	798	798	798	798	196	197	SEAAAA	HPBAAA	HHHHxx
+571	1074	1	3	1	11	71	571	571	571	571	142	143	ZVAAAA	IPBAAA	OOOOxx
+7084	1075	0	0	4	4	84	84	1084	2084	7084	168	169	MMAAAA	JPBAAA	VVVVxx
+650	1076	0	2	0	10	50	650	650	650	650	100	101	AZAAAA	KPBAAA	AAAAxx
+1467	1077	1	3	7	7	67	467	1467	1467	1467	134	135	LEAAAA	LPBAAA	HHHHxx
+5446	1078	0	2	6	6	46	446	1446	446	5446	92	93	MBAAAA	MPBAAA	OOOOxx
+830	1079	0	2	0	10	30	830	830	830	830	60	61	YFAAAA	NPBAAA	VVVVxx
+5516	1080	0	0	6	16	16	516	1516	516	5516	32	33	EEAAAA	OPBAAA	AAAAxx
+8520	1081	0	0	0	0	20	520	520	3520	8520	40	41	SPAAAA	PPBAAA	HHHHxx
+1152	1082	0	0	2	12	52	152	1152	1152	1152	104	105	ISAAAA	QPBAAA	OOOOxx
+862	1083	0	2	2	2	62	862	862	862	862	124	125	EHAAAA	RPBAAA	VVVVxx
+454	1084	0	2	4	14	54	454	454	454	454	108	109	MRAAAA	SPBAAA	AAAAxx
+9956	1085	0	0	6	16	56	956	1956	4956	9956	112	113	YSAAAA	TPBAAA	HHHHxx
+1654	1086	0	2	4	14	54	654	1654	1654	1654	108	109	QLAAAA	UPBAAA	OOOOxx
+257	1087	1	1	7	17	57	257	257	257	257	114	115	XJAAAA	VPBAAA	VVVVxx
+5469	1088	1	1	9	9	69	469	1469	469	5469	138	139	JCAAAA	WPBAAA	AAAAxx
+9075	1089	1	3	5	15	75	75	1075	4075	9075	150	151	BLAAAA	XPBAAA	HHHHxx
+7799	1090	1	3	9	19	99	799	1799	2799	7799	198	199	ZNAAAA	YPBAAA	OOOOxx
+2001	1091	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2001	2001	2	3	ZYAAAA	ZPBAAA	VVVVxx
+9786	1092	0	2	6	6	86	786	1786	4786	9786	172	173	KMAAAA	AQBAAA	AAAAxx
+7281	1093	1	1	1	1	81	281	1281	2281	7281	162	163	BUAAAA	BQBAAA	HHHHxx
+5137	1094	1	1	7	17	37	137	1137	137	5137	74	75	PPAAAA	CQBAAA	OOOOxx
+4053	1095	1	1	3	13	53	53	53	4053	4053	106	107	XZAAAA	DQBAAA	VVVVxx
+7911	1096	1	3	1	11	11	911	1911	2911	7911	22	23	HSAAAA	EQBAAA	AAAAxx
+4298	1097	0	2	8	18	98	298	298	4298	4298	196	197	IJAAAA	FQBAAA	HHHHxx
+4805	1098	1	1	5	5	5	805	805	4805	4805	10	11	VCAAAA	GQBAAA	OOOOxx
+9038	1099	0	2	8	18	38	38	1038	4038	9038	76	77	QJAAAA	HQBAAA	VVVVxx
+8023	1100	1	3	3	3	23	23	23	3023	8023	46	47	PWAAAA	IQBAAA	AAAAxx
+6595	1101	1	3	5	15	95	595	595	1595	6595	190	191	RTAAAA	JQBAAA	HHHHxx
+9831	1102	1	3	1	11	31	831	1831	4831	9831	62	63	DOAAAA	KQBAAA	OOOOxx
+788	1103	0	0	8	8	88	788	788	788	788	176	177	IEAAAA	LQBAAA	VVVVxx
+902	1104	0	2	2	2	2	902	902	902	902	4	5	SIAAAA	MQBAAA	AAAAxx
+9137	1105	1	1	7	17	37	137	1137	4137	9137	74	75	LNAAAA	NQBAAA	HHHHxx
+1744	1106	0	0	4	4	44	744	1744	1744	1744	88	89	CPAAAA	OQBAAA	OOOOxx
+7285	1107	1	1	5	5	85	285	1285	2285	7285	170	171	FUAAAA	PQBAAA	VVVVxx
+7006	1108	0	2	6	6	6	6	1006	2006	7006	12	13	MJAAAA	QQBAAA	AAAAxx
+9236	1109	0	0	6	16	36	236	1236	4236	9236	72	73	GRAAAA	RQBAAA	HHHHxx
+5472	1110	0	0	2	12	72	472	1472	472	5472	144	145	MCAAAA	SQBAAA	OOOOxx
+7975	1111	1	3	5	15	75	975	1975	2975	7975	150	151	TUAAAA	TQBAAA	VVVVxx
+4181	1112	1	1	1	1	81	181	181	4181	4181	162	163	VEAAAA	UQBAAA	AAAAxx
+7677	1113	1	1	7	17	77	677	1677	2677	7677	154	155	HJAAAA	VQBAAA	HHHHxx
+35	1114	1	3	5	15	35	35	35	35	35	70	71	JBAAAA	WQBAAA	OOOOxx
+6813	1115	1	1	3	13	13	813	813	1813	6813	26	27	BCAAAA	XQBAAA	VVVVxx
+6618	1116	0	2	8	18	18	618	618	1618	6618	36	37	OUAAAA	YQBAAA	AAAAxx
+8069	1117	1	1	9	9	69	69	69	3069	8069	138	139	JYAAAA	ZQBAAA	HHHHxx
+3071	1118	1	3	1	11	71	71	1071	3071	3071	142	143	DOAAAA	ARBAAA	OOOOxx
+4390	1119	0	2	0	10	90	390	390	4390	4390	180	181	WMAAAA	BRBAAA	VVVVxx
+7764	1120	0	0	4	4	64	764	1764	2764	7764	128	129	QMAAAA	CRBAAA	AAAAxx
+8163	1121	1	3	3	3	63	163	163	3163	8163	126	127	ZBAAAA	DRBAAA	HHHHxx
+1961	1122	1	1	1	1	61	961	1961	1961	1961	122	123	LXAAAA	ERBAAA	OOOOxx
+1103	1123	1	3	3	3	3	103	1103	1103	1103	6	7	LQAAAA	FRBAAA	VVVVxx
+5486	1124	0	2	6	6	86	486	1486	486	5486	172	173	ADAAAA	GRBAAA	AAAAxx
+9513	1125	1	1	3	13	13	513	1513	4513	9513	26	27	XBAAAA	HRBAAA	HHHHxx
+7311	1126	1	3	1	11	11	311	1311	2311	7311	22	23	FVAAAA	IRBAAA	OOOOxx
+4144	1127	0	0	4	4	44	144	144	4144	4144	88	89	KDAAAA	JRBAAA	VVVVxx
+7901	1128	1	1	1	1	1	901	1901	2901	7901	2	3	XRAAAA	KRBAAA	AAAAxx
+4629	1129	1	1	9	9	29	629	629	4629	4629	58	59	BWAAAA	LRBAAA	HHHHxx
+6858	1130	0	2	8	18	58	858	858	1858	6858	116	117	UDAAAA	MRBAAA	OOOOxx
+125	1131	1	1	5	5	25	125	125	125	125	50	51	VEAAAA	NRBAAA	VVVVxx
+3834	1132	0	2	4	14	34	834	1834	3834	3834	68	69	MRAAAA	ORBAAA	AAAAxx
+8155	1133	1	3	5	15	55	155	155	3155	8155	110	111	RBAAAA	PRBAAA	HHHHxx
+8230	1134	0	2	0	10	30	230	230	3230	8230	60	61	OEAAAA	QRBAAA	OOOOxx
+744	1135	0	0	4	4	44	744	744	744	744	88	89	QCAAAA	RRBAAA	VVVVxx
+357	1136	1	1	7	17	57	357	357	357	357	114	115	TNAAAA	SRBAAA	AAAAxx
+2159	1137	1	3	9	19	59	159	159	2159	2159	118	119	BFAAAA	TRBAAA	HHHHxx
+8559	1138	1	3	9	19	59	559	559	3559	8559	118	119	FRAAAA	URBAAA	OOOOxx
+6866	1139	0	2	6	6	66	866	866	1866	6866	132	133	CEAAAA	VRBAAA	VVVVxx
+3863	1140	1	3	3	3	63	863	1863	3863	3863	126	127	PSAAAA	WRBAAA	AAAAxx
+4193	1141	1	1	3	13	93	193	193	4193	4193	186	187	HFAAAA	XRBAAA	HHHHxx
+3277	1142	1	1	7	17	77	277	1277	3277	3277	154	155	BWAAAA	YRBAAA	OOOOxx
+5577	1143	1	1	7	17	77	577	1577	577	5577	154	155	NGAAAA	ZRBAAA	VVVVxx
+9503	1144	1	3	3	3	3	503	1503	4503	9503	6	7	NBAAAA	ASBAAA	AAAAxx
+7642	1145	0	2	2	2	42	642	1642	2642	7642	84	85	YHAAAA	BSBAAA	HHHHxx
+6197	1146	1	1	7	17	97	197	197	1197	6197	194	195	JEAAAA	CSBAAA	OOOOxx
+8995	1147	1	3	5	15	95	995	995	3995	8995	190	191	ZHAAAA	DSBAAA	VVVVxx
+440	1148	0	0	0	0	40	440	440	440	440	80	81	YQAAAA	ESBAAA	AAAAxx
+8418	1149	0	2	8	18	18	418	418	3418	8418	36	37	ULAAAA	FSBAAA	HHHHxx
+8531	1150	1	3	1	11	31	531	531	3531	8531	62	63	DQAAAA	GSBAAA	OOOOxx
+3790	1151	0	2	0	10	90	790	1790	3790	3790	180	181	UPAAAA	HSBAAA	VVVVxx
+7610	1152	0	2	0	10	10	610	1610	2610	7610	20	21	SGAAAA	ISBAAA	AAAAxx
+1252	1153	0	0	2	12	52	252	1252	1252	1252	104	105	EWAAAA	JSBAAA	HHHHxx
+7559	1154	1	3	9	19	59	559	1559	2559	7559	118	119	TEAAAA	KSBAAA	OOOOxx
+9945	1155	1	1	5	5	45	945	1945	4945	9945	90	91	NSAAAA	LSBAAA	VVVVxx
+9023	1156	1	3	3	3	23	23	1023	4023	9023	46	47	BJAAAA	MSBAAA	AAAAxx
+3516	1157	0	0	6	16	16	516	1516	3516	3516	32	33	GFAAAA	NSBAAA	HHHHxx
+4671	1158	1	3	1	11	71	671	671	4671	4671	142	143	RXAAAA	OSBAAA	OOOOxx
+1465	1159	1	1	5	5	65	465	1465	1465	1465	130	131	JEAAAA	PSBAAA	VVVVxx
+9515	1160	1	3	5	15	15	515	1515	4515	9515	30	31	ZBAAAA	QSBAAA	AAAAxx
+3242	1161	0	2	2	2	42	242	1242	3242	3242	84	85	SUAAAA	RSBAAA	HHHHxx
+1732	1162	0	0	2	12	32	732	1732	1732	1732	64	65	QOAAAA	SSBAAA	OOOOxx
+1678	1163	0	2	8	18	78	678	1678	1678	1678	156	157	OMAAAA	TSBAAA	VVVVxx
+1464	1164	0	0	4	4	64	464	1464	1464	1464	128	129	IEAAAA	USBAAA	AAAAxx
+6546	1165	0	2	6	6	46	546	546	1546	6546	92	93	URAAAA	VSBAAA	HHHHxx
+4448	1166	0	0	8	8	48	448	448	4448	4448	96	97	CPAAAA	WSBAAA	OOOOxx
+9847	1167	1	3	7	7	47	847	1847	4847	9847	94	95	TOAAAA	XSBAAA	VVVVxx
+8264	1168	0	0	4	4	64	264	264	3264	8264	128	129	WFAAAA	YSBAAA	AAAAxx
+1620	1169	0	0	0	0	20	620	1620	1620	1620	40	41	IKAAAA	ZSBAAA	HHHHxx
+9388	1170	0	0	8	8	88	388	1388	4388	9388	176	177	CXAAAA	ATBAAA	OOOOxx
+6445	1171	1	1	5	5	45	445	445	1445	6445	90	91	XNAAAA	BTBAAA	VVVVxx
+4789	1172	1	1	9	9	89	789	789	4789	4789	178	179	FCAAAA	CTBAAA	AAAAxx
+1562	1173	0	2	2	2	62	562	1562	1562	1562	124	125	CIAAAA	DTBAAA	HHHHxx
+7305	1174	1	1	5	5	5	305	1305	2305	7305	10	11	ZUAAAA	ETBAAA	OOOOxx
+6344	1175	0	0	4	4	44	344	344	1344	6344	88	89	AKAAAA	FTBAAA	VVVVxx
+5130	1176	0	2	0	10	30	130	1130	130	5130	60	61	IPAAAA	GTBAAA	AAAAxx
+3284	1177	0	0	4	4	84	284	1284	3284	3284	168	169	IWAAAA	HTBAAA	HHHHxx
+6346	1178	0	2	6	6	46	346	346	1346	6346	92	93	CKAAAA	ITBAAA	OOOOxx
+1061	1179	1	1	1	1	61	61	1061	1061	1061	122	123	VOAAAA	JTBAAA	VVVVxx
+872	1180	0	0	2	12	72	872	872	872	872	144	145	OHAAAA	KTBAAA	AAAAxx
+123	1181	1	3	3	3	23	123	123	123	123	46	47	TEAAAA	LTBAAA	HHHHxx
+7903	1182	1	3	3	3	3	903	1903	2903	7903	6	7	ZRAAAA	MTBAAA	OOOOxx
+560	1183	0	0	0	0	60	560	560	560	560	120	121	OVAAAA	NTBAAA	VVVVxx
+4446	1184	0	2	6	6	46	446	446	4446	4446	92	93	APAAAA	OTBAAA	AAAAxx
+3909	1185	1	1	9	9	9	909	1909	3909	3909	18	19	JUAAAA	PTBAAA	HHHHxx
+669	1186	1	1	9	9	69	669	669	669	669	138	139	TZAAAA	QTBAAA	OOOOxx
+7843	1187	1	3	3	3	43	843	1843	2843	7843	86	87	RPAAAA	RTBAAA	VVVVxx
+2546	1188	0	2	6	6	46	546	546	2546	2546	92	93	YTAAAA	STBAAA	AAAAxx
+6757	1189	1	1	7	17	57	757	757	1757	6757	114	115	XZAAAA	TTBAAA	HHHHxx
+466	1190	0	2	6	6	66	466	466	466	466	132	133	YRAAAA	UTBAAA	OOOOxx
+5556	1191	0	0	6	16	56	556	1556	556	5556	112	113	SFAAAA	VTBAAA	VVVVxx
+7196	1192	0	0	6	16	96	196	1196	2196	7196	192	193	UQAAAA	WTBAAA	AAAAxx
+2947	1193	1	3	7	7	47	947	947	2947	2947	94	95	JJAAAA	XTBAAA	HHHHxx
+6493	1194	1	1	3	13	93	493	493	1493	6493	186	187	TPAAAA	YTBAAA	OOOOxx
+7203	1195	1	3	3	3	3	203	1203	2203	7203	6	7	BRAAAA	ZTBAAA	VVVVxx
+3716	1196	0	0	6	16	16	716	1716	3716	3716	32	33	YMAAAA	AUBAAA	AAAAxx
+8058	1197	0	2	8	18	58	58	58	3058	8058	116	117	YXAAAA	BUBAAA	HHHHxx
+433	1198	1	1	3	13	33	433	433	433	433	66	67	RQAAAA	CUBAAA	OOOOxx
+7649	1199	1	1	9	9	49	649	1649	2649	7649	98	99	FIAAAA	DUBAAA	VVVVxx
+6966	1200	0	2	6	6	66	966	966	1966	6966	132	133	YHAAAA	EUBAAA	AAAAxx
+553	1201	1	1	3	13	53	553	553	553	553	106	107	HVAAAA	FUBAAA	HHHHxx
+3677	1202	1	1	7	17	77	677	1677	3677	3677	154	155	LLAAAA	GUBAAA	OOOOxx
+2344	1203	0	0	4	4	44	344	344	2344	2344	88	89	EMAAAA	HUBAAA	VVVVxx
+7439	1204	1	3	9	19	39	439	1439	2439	7439	78	79	DAAAAA	IUBAAA	AAAAxx
+3910	1205	0	2	0	10	10	910	1910	3910	3910	20	21	KUAAAA	JUBAAA	HHHHxx
+3638	1206	0	2	8	18	38	638	1638	3638	3638	76	77	YJAAAA	KUBAAA	OOOOxx
+6637	1207	1	1	7	17	37	637	637	1637	6637	74	75	HVAAAA	LUBAAA	VVVVxx
+4438	1208	0	2	8	18	38	438	438	4438	4438	76	77	SOAAAA	MUBAAA	AAAAxx
+171	1209	1	3	1	11	71	171	171	171	171	142	143	PGAAAA	NUBAAA	HHHHxx
+310	1210	0	2	0	10	10	310	310	310	310	20	21	YLAAAA	OUBAAA	OOOOxx
+2714	1211	0	2	4	14	14	714	714	2714	2714	28	29	KAAAAA	PUBAAA	VVVVxx
+5199	1212	1	3	9	19	99	199	1199	199	5199	198	199	ZRAAAA	QUBAAA	AAAAxx
+8005	1213	1	1	5	5	5	5	5	3005	8005	10	11	XVAAAA	RUBAAA	HHHHxx
+3188	1214	0	0	8	8	88	188	1188	3188	3188	176	177	QSAAAA	SUBAAA	OOOOxx
+1518	1215	0	2	8	18	18	518	1518	1518	1518	36	37	KGAAAA	TUBAAA	VVVVxx
+6760	1216	0	0	0	0	60	760	760	1760	6760	120	121	AAAAAA	UUBAAA	AAAAxx
+9373	1217	1	1	3	13	73	373	1373	4373	9373	146	147	NWAAAA	VUBAAA	HHHHxx
+1938	1218	0	2	8	18	38	938	1938	1938	1938	76	77	OWAAAA	WUBAAA	OOOOxx
+2865	1219	1	1	5	5	65	865	865	2865	2865	130	131	FGAAAA	XUBAAA	VVVVxx
+3203	1220	1	3	3	3	3	203	1203	3203	3203	6	7	FTAAAA	YUBAAA	AAAAxx
+6025	1221	1	1	5	5	25	25	25	1025	6025	50	51	TXAAAA	ZUBAAA	HHHHxx
+8684	1222	0	0	4	4	84	684	684	3684	8684	168	169	AWAAAA	AVBAAA	OOOOxx
+7732	1223	0	0	2	12	32	732	1732	2732	7732	64	65	KLAAAA	BVBAAA	VVVVxx
+3218	1224	0	2	8	18	18	218	1218	3218	3218	36	37	UTAAAA	CVBAAA	AAAAxx
+525	1225	1	1	5	5	25	525	525	525	525	50	51	FUAAAA	DVBAAA	HHHHxx
+601	1226	1	1	1	1	1	601	601	601	601	2	3	DXAAAA	EVBAAA	OOOOxx
+6091	1227	1	3	1	11	91	91	91	1091	6091	182	183	HAAAAA	FVBAAA	VVVVxx
+4498	1228	0	2	8	18	98	498	498	4498	4498	196	197	ARAAAA	GVBAAA	AAAAxx
+8192	1229	0	0	2	12	92	192	192	3192	8192	184	185	CDAAAA	HVBAAA	HHHHxx
+8006	1230	0	2	6	6	6	6	6	3006	8006	12	13	YVAAAA	IVBAAA	OOOOxx
+6157	1231	1	1	7	17	57	157	157	1157	6157	114	115	VCAAAA	JVBAAA	VVVVxx
+312	1232	0	0	2	12	12	312	312	312	312	24	25	AMAAAA	KVBAAA	AAAAxx
+8652	1233	0	0	2	12	52	652	652	3652	8652	104	105	UUAAAA	LVBAAA	HHHHxx
+2787	1234	1	3	7	7	87	787	787	2787	2787	174	175	FDAAAA	MVBAAA	OOOOxx
+1782	1235	0	2	2	2	82	782	1782	1782	1782	164	165	OQAAAA	NVBAAA	VVVVxx
+23	1236	1	3	3	3	23	23	23	23	23	46	47	XAAAAA	OVBAAA	AAAAxx
+1206	1237	0	2	6	6	6	206	1206	1206	1206	12	13	KUAAAA	PVBAAA	HHHHxx
+1076	1238	0	0	6	16	76	76	1076	1076	1076	152	153	KPAAAA	QVBAAA	OOOOxx
+5379	1239	1	3	9	19	79	379	1379	379	5379	158	159	XYAAAA	RVBAAA	VVVVxx
+2047	1240	1	3	7	7	47	47	47	2047	2047	94	95	TAAAAA	SVBAAA	AAAAxx
+6262	1241	0	2	2	2	62	262	262	1262	6262	124	125	WGAAAA	TVBAAA	HHHHxx
+1840	1242	0	0	0	0	40	840	1840	1840	1840	80	81	USAAAA	UVBAAA	OOOOxx
+2106	1243	0	2	6	6	6	106	106	2106	2106	12	13	ADAAAA	VVBAAA	VVVVxx
+1307	1244	1	3	7	7	7	307	1307	1307	1307	14	15	HYAAAA	WVBAAA	AAAAxx
+735	1245	1	3	5	15	35	735	735	735	735	70	71	HCAAAA	XVBAAA	HHHHxx
+3657	1246	1	1	7	17	57	657	1657	3657	3657	114	115	RKAAAA	YVBAAA	OOOOxx
+3006	1247	0	2	6	6	6	6	1006	3006	3006	12	13	QLAAAA	ZVBAAA	VVVVxx
+1538	1248	0	2	8	18	38	538	1538	1538	1538	76	77	EHAAAA	AWBAAA	AAAAxx
+6098	1249	0	2	8	18	98	98	98	1098	6098	196	197	OAAAAA	BWBAAA	HHHHxx
+5267	1250	1	3	7	7	67	267	1267	267	5267	134	135	PUAAAA	CWBAAA	OOOOxx
+9757	1251	1	1	7	17	57	757	1757	4757	9757	114	115	HLAAAA	DWBAAA	VVVVxx
+1236	1252	0	0	6	16	36	236	1236	1236	1236	72	73	OVAAAA	EWBAAA	AAAAxx
+83	1253	1	3	3	3	83	83	83	83	83	166	167	FDAAAA	FWBAAA	HHHHxx
+9227	1254	1	3	7	7	27	227	1227	4227	9227	54	55	XQAAAA	GWBAAA	OOOOxx
+8772	1255	0	0	2	12	72	772	772	3772	8772	144	145	KZAAAA	HWBAAA	VVVVxx
+8822	1256	0	2	2	2	22	822	822	3822	8822	44	45	IBAAAA	IWBAAA	AAAAxx
+7167	1257	1	3	7	7	67	167	1167	2167	7167	134	135	RPAAAA	JWBAAA	HHHHxx
+6909	1258	1	1	9	9	9	909	909	1909	6909	18	19	TFAAAA	KWBAAA	OOOOxx
+1439	1259	1	3	9	19	39	439	1439	1439	1439	78	79	JDAAAA	LWBAAA	VVVVxx
+2370	1260	0	2	0	10	70	370	370	2370	2370	140	141	ENAAAA	MWBAAA	AAAAxx
+4577	1261	1	1	7	17	77	577	577	4577	4577	154	155	BUAAAA	NWBAAA	HHHHxx
+2575	1262	1	3	5	15	75	575	575	2575	2575	150	151	BVAAAA	OWBAAA	OOOOxx
+2795	1263	1	3	5	15	95	795	795	2795	2795	190	191	NDAAAA	PWBAAA	VVVVxx
+5520	1264	0	0	0	0	20	520	1520	520	5520	40	41	IEAAAA	QWBAAA	AAAAxx
+382	1265	0	2	2	2	82	382	382	382	382	164	165	SOAAAA	RWBAAA	HHHHxx
+6335	1266	1	3	5	15	35	335	335	1335	6335	70	71	RJAAAA	SWBAAA	OOOOxx
+8430	1267	0	2	0	10	30	430	430	3430	8430	60	61	GMAAAA	TWBAAA	VVVVxx
+4131	1268	1	3	1	11	31	131	131	4131	4131	62	63	XCAAAA	UWBAAA	AAAAxx
+9332	1269	0	0	2	12	32	332	1332	4332	9332	64	65	YUAAAA	VWBAAA	HHHHxx
+293	1270	1	1	3	13	93	293	293	293	293	186	187	HLAAAA	WWBAAA	OOOOxx
+2276	1271	0	0	6	16	76	276	276	2276	2276	152	153	OJAAAA	XWBAAA	VVVVxx
+5687	1272	1	3	7	7	87	687	1687	687	5687	174	175	TKAAAA	YWBAAA	AAAAxx
+5862	1273	0	2	2	2	62	862	1862	862	5862	124	125	MRAAAA	ZWBAAA	HHHHxx
+5073	1274	1	1	3	13	73	73	1073	73	5073	146	147	DNAAAA	AXBAAA	OOOOxx
+4170	1275	0	2	0	10	70	170	170	4170	4170	140	141	KEAAAA	BXBAAA	VVVVxx
+5039	1276	1	3	9	19	39	39	1039	39	5039	78	79	VLAAAA	CXBAAA	AAAAxx
+3294	1277	0	2	4	14	94	294	1294	3294	3294	188	189	SWAAAA	DXBAAA	HHHHxx
+6015	1278	1	3	5	15	15	15	15	1015	6015	30	31	JXAAAA	EXBAAA	OOOOxx
+9015	1279	1	3	5	15	15	15	1015	4015	9015	30	31	TIAAAA	FXBAAA	VVVVxx
+9785	1280	1	1	5	5	85	785	1785	4785	9785	170	171	JMAAAA	GXBAAA	AAAAxx
+4312	1281	0	0	2	12	12	312	312	4312	4312	24	25	WJAAAA	HXBAAA	HHHHxx
+6343	1282	1	3	3	3	43	343	343	1343	6343	86	87	ZJAAAA	IXBAAA	OOOOxx
+2161	1283	1	1	1	1	61	161	161	2161	2161	122	123	DFAAAA	JXBAAA	VVVVxx
+4490	1284	0	2	0	10	90	490	490	4490	4490	180	181	SQAAAA	KXBAAA	AAAAxx
+4454	1285	0	2	4	14	54	454	454	4454	4454	108	109	IPAAAA	LXBAAA	HHHHxx
+7647	1286	1	3	7	7	47	647	1647	2647	7647	94	95	DIAAAA	MXBAAA	OOOOxx
+1028	1287	0	0	8	8	28	28	1028	1028	1028	56	57	ONAAAA	NXBAAA	VVVVxx
+2965	1288	1	1	5	5	65	965	965	2965	2965	130	131	BKAAAA	OXBAAA	AAAAxx
+9900	1289	0	0	0	0	0	900	1900	4900	9900	0	1	UQAAAA	PXBAAA	HHHHxx
+5509	1290	1	1	9	9	9	509	1509	509	5509	18	19	XDAAAA	QXBAAA	OOOOxx
+7751	1291	1	3	1	11	51	751	1751	2751	7751	102	103	DMAAAA	RXBAAA	VVVVxx
+9594	1292	0	2	4	14	94	594	1594	4594	9594	188	189	AFAAAA	SXBAAA	AAAAxx
+7632	1293	0	0	2	12	32	632	1632	2632	7632	64	65	OHAAAA	TXBAAA	HHHHxx
+6528	1294	0	0	8	8	28	528	528	1528	6528	56	57	CRAAAA	UXBAAA	OOOOxx
+1041	1295	1	1	1	1	41	41	1041	1041	1041	82	83	BOAAAA	VXBAAA	VVVVxx
+1534	1296	0	2	4	14	34	534	1534	1534	1534	68	69	AHAAAA	WXBAAA	AAAAxx
+4229	1297	1	1	9	9	29	229	229	4229	4229	58	59	RGAAAA	XXBAAA	HHHHxx
+84	1298	0	0	4	4	84	84	84	84	84	168	169	GDAAAA	YXBAAA	OOOOxx
+2189	1299	1	1	9	9	89	189	189	2189	2189	178	179	FGAAAA	ZXBAAA	VVVVxx
+7566	1300	0	2	6	6	66	566	1566	2566	7566	132	133	AFAAAA	AYBAAA	AAAAxx
+707	1301	1	3	7	7	7	707	707	707	707	14	15	FBAAAA	BYBAAA	HHHHxx
+581	1302	1	1	1	1	81	581	581	581	581	162	163	JWAAAA	CYBAAA	OOOOxx
+6753	1303	1	1	3	13	53	753	753	1753	6753	106	107	TZAAAA	DYBAAA	VVVVxx
+8604	1304	0	0	4	4	4	604	604	3604	8604	8	9	YSAAAA	EYBAAA	AAAAxx
+373	1305	1	1	3	13	73	373	373	373	373	146	147	JOAAAA	FYBAAA	HHHHxx
+9635	1306	1	3	5	15	35	635	1635	4635	9635	70	71	PGAAAA	GYBAAA	OOOOxx
+9277	1307	1	1	7	17	77	277	1277	4277	9277	154	155	VSAAAA	HYBAAA	VVVVxx
+7117	1308	1	1	7	17	17	117	1117	2117	7117	34	35	TNAAAA	IYBAAA	AAAAxx
+8564	1309	0	0	4	4	64	564	564	3564	8564	128	129	KRAAAA	JYBAAA	HHHHxx
+1697	1310	1	1	7	17	97	697	1697	1697	1697	194	195	HNAAAA	KYBAAA	OOOOxx
+7840	1311	0	0	0	0	40	840	1840	2840	7840	80	81	OPAAAA	LYBAAA	VVVVxx
+3646	1312	0	2	6	6	46	646	1646	3646	3646	92	93	GKAAAA	MYBAAA	AAAAxx
+368	1313	0	0	8	8	68	368	368	368	368	136	137	EOAAAA	NYBAAA	HHHHxx
+4797	1314	1	1	7	17	97	797	797	4797	4797	194	195	NCAAAA	OYBAAA	OOOOxx
+5300	1315	0	0	0	0	0	300	1300	300	5300	0	1	WVAAAA	PYBAAA	VVVVxx
+7664	1316	0	0	4	4	64	664	1664	2664	7664	128	129	UIAAAA	QYBAAA	AAAAxx
+1466	1317	0	2	6	6	66	466	1466	1466	1466	132	133	KEAAAA	RYBAAA	HHHHxx
+2477	1318	1	1	7	17	77	477	477	2477	2477	154	155	HRAAAA	SYBAAA	OOOOxx
+2036	1319	0	0	6	16	36	36	36	2036	2036	72	73	IAAAAA	TYBAAA	VVVVxx
+3624	1320	0	0	4	4	24	624	1624	3624	3624	48	49	KJAAAA	UYBAAA	AAAAxx
+5099	1321	1	3	9	19	99	99	1099	99	5099	198	199	DOAAAA	VYBAAA	HHHHxx
+1308	1322	0	0	8	8	8	308	1308	1308	1308	16	17	IYAAAA	WYBAAA	OOOOxx
+3704	1323	0	0	4	4	4	704	1704	3704	3704	8	9	MMAAAA	XYBAAA	VVVVxx
+2451	1324	1	3	1	11	51	451	451	2451	2451	102	103	HQAAAA	YYBAAA	AAAAxx
+4898	1325	0	2	8	18	98	898	898	4898	4898	196	197	KGAAAA	ZYBAAA	HHHHxx
+4959	1326	1	3	9	19	59	959	959	4959	4959	118	119	TIAAAA	AZBAAA	OOOOxx
+5942	1327	0	2	2	2	42	942	1942	942	5942	84	85	OUAAAA	BZBAAA	VVVVxx
+2425	1328	1	1	5	5	25	425	425	2425	2425	50	51	HPAAAA	CZBAAA	AAAAxx
+7760	1329	0	0	0	0	60	760	1760	2760	7760	120	121	MMAAAA	DZBAAA	HHHHxx
+6294	1330	0	2	4	14	94	294	294	1294	6294	188	189	CIAAAA	EZBAAA	OOOOxx
+6785	1331	1	1	5	5	85	785	785	1785	6785	170	171	ZAAAAA	FZBAAA	VVVVxx
+3542	1332	0	2	2	2	42	542	1542	3542	3542	84	85	GGAAAA	GZBAAA	AAAAxx
+1809	1333	1	1	9	9	9	809	1809	1809	1809	18	19	PRAAAA	HZBAAA	HHHHxx
+130	1334	0	2	0	10	30	130	130	130	130	60	61	AFAAAA	IZBAAA	OOOOxx
+8672	1335	0	0	2	12	72	672	672	3672	8672	144	145	OVAAAA	JZBAAA	VVVVxx
+2125	1336	1	1	5	5	25	125	125	2125	2125	50	51	TDAAAA	KZBAAA	AAAAxx
+7683	1337	1	3	3	3	83	683	1683	2683	7683	166	167	NJAAAA	LZBAAA	HHHHxx
+7842	1338	0	2	2	2	42	842	1842	2842	7842	84	85	QPAAAA	MZBAAA	OOOOxx
+9584	1339	0	0	4	4	84	584	1584	4584	9584	168	169	QEAAAA	NZBAAA	VVVVxx
+7963	1340	1	3	3	3	63	963	1963	2963	7963	126	127	HUAAAA	OZBAAA	AAAAxx
+8581	1341	1	1	1	1	81	581	581	3581	8581	162	163	BSAAAA	PZBAAA	HHHHxx
+2135	1342	1	3	5	15	35	135	135	2135	2135	70	71	DEAAAA	QZBAAA	OOOOxx
+7352	1343	0	0	2	12	52	352	1352	2352	7352	104	105	UWAAAA	RZBAAA	VVVVxx
+5789	1344	1	1	9	9	89	789	1789	789	5789	178	179	ROAAAA	SZBAAA	AAAAxx
+8490	1345	0	2	0	10	90	490	490	3490	8490	180	181	OOAAAA	TZBAAA	HHHHxx
+2145	1346	1	1	5	5	45	145	145	2145	2145	90	91	NEAAAA	UZBAAA	OOOOxx
+7021	1347	1	1	1	1	21	21	1021	2021	7021	42	43	BKAAAA	VZBAAA	VVVVxx
+3736	1348	0	0	6	16	36	736	1736	3736	3736	72	73	SNAAAA	WZBAAA	AAAAxx
+7396	1349	0	0	6	16	96	396	1396	2396	7396	192	193	MYAAAA	XZBAAA	HHHHxx
+6334	1350	0	2	4	14	34	334	334	1334	6334	68	69	QJAAAA	YZBAAA	OOOOxx
+5461	1351	1	1	1	1	61	461	1461	461	5461	122	123	BCAAAA	ZZBAAA	VVVVxx
+5337	1352	1	1	7	17	37	337	1337	337	5337	74	75	HXAAAA	AACAAA	AAAAxx
+7440	1353	0	0	0	0	40	440	1440	2440	7440	80	81	EAAAAA	BACAAA	HHHHxx
+6879	1354	1	3	9	19	79	879	879	1879	6879	158	159	PEAAAA	CACAAA	OOOOxx
+2432	1355	0	0	2	12	32	432	432	2432	2432	64	65	OPAAAA	DACAAA	VVVVxx
+8529	1356	1	1	9	9	29	529	529	3529	8529	58	59	BQAAAA	EACAAA	AAAAxx
+7859	1357	1	3	9	19	59	859	1859	2859	7859	118	119	HQAAAA	FACAAA	HHHHxx
+15	1358	1	3	5	15	15	15	15	15	15	30	31	PAAAAA	GACAAA	OOOOxx
+7475	1359	1	3	5	15	75	475	1475	2475	7475	150	151	NBAAAA	HACAAA	VVVVxx
+717	1360	1	1	7	17	17	717	717	717	717	34	35	PBAAAA	IACAAA	AAAAxx
+250	1361	0	2	0	10	50	250	250	250	250	100	101	QJAAAA	JACAAA	HHHHxx
+4700	1362	0	0	0	0	0	700	700	4700	4700	0	1	UYAAAA	KACAAA	OOOOxx
+7510	1363	0	2	0	10	10	510	1510	2510	7510	20	21	WCAAAA	LACAAA	VVVVxx
+4562	1364	0	2	2	2	62	562	562	4562	4562	124	125	MTAAAA	MACAAA	AAAAxx
+8075	1365	1	3	5	15	75	75	75	3075	8075	150	151	PYAAAA	NACAAA	HHHHxx
+871	1366	1	3	1	11	71	871	871	871	871	142	143	NHAAAA	OACAAA	OOOOxx
+7161	1367	1	1	1	1	61	161	1161	2161	7161	122	123	LPAAAA	PACAAA	VVVVxx
+9109	1368	1	1	9	9	9	109	1109	4109	9109	18	19	JMAAAA	QACAAA	AAAAxx
+8675	1369	1	3	5	15	75	675	675	3675	8675	150	151	RVAAAA	RACAAA	HHHHxx
+1025	1370	1	1	5	5	25	25	1025	1025	1025	50	51	LNAAAA	SACAAA	OOOOxx
+4065	1371	1	1	5	5	65	65	65	4065	4065	130	131	JAAAAA	TACAAA	VVVVxx
+3511	1372	1	3	1	11	11	511	1511	3511	3511	22	23	BFAAAA	UACAAA	AAAAxx
+9840	1373	0	0	0	0	40	840	1840	4840	9840	80	81	MOAAAA	VACAAA	HHHHxx
+7495	1374	1	3	5	15	95	495	1495	2495	7495	190	191	HCAAAA	WACAAA	OOOOxx
+55	1375	1	3	5	15	55	55	55	55	55	110	111	DCAAAA	XACAAA	VVVVxx
+6151	1376	1	3	1	11	51	151	151	1151	6151	102	103	PCAAAA	YACAAA	AAAAxx
+2512	1377	0	0	2	12	12	512	512	2512	2512	24	25	QSAAAA	ZACAAA	HHHHxx
+5881	1378	1	1	1	1	81	881	1881	881	5881	162	163	FSAAAA	ABCAAA	OOOOxx
+1442	1379	0	2	2	2	42	442	1442	1442	1442	84	85	MDAAAA	BBCAAA	VVVVxx
+1270	1380	0	2	0	10	70	270	1270	1270	1270	140	141	WWAAAA	CBCAAA	AAAAxx
+959	1381	1	3	9	19	59	959	959	959	959	118	119	XKAAAA	DBCAAA	HHHHxx
+8251	1382	1	3	1	11	51	251	251	3251	8251	102	103	JFAAAA	EBCAAA	OOOOxx
+3051	1383	1	3	1	11	51	51	1051	3051	3051	102	103	JNAAAA	FBCAAA	VVVVxx
+5052	1384	0	0	2	12	52	52	1052	52	5052	104	105	IMAAAA	GBCAAA	AAAAxx
+1863	1385	1	3	3	3	63	863	1863	1863	1863	126	127	RTAAAA	HBCAAA	HHHHxx
+344	1386	0	0	4	4	44	344	344	344	344	88	89	GNAAAA	IBCAAA	OOOOxx
+3590	1387	0	2	0	10	90	590	1590	3590	3590	180	181	CIAAAA	JBCAAA	VVVVxx
+4223	1388	1	3	3	3	23	223	223	4223	4223	46	47	LGAAAA	KBCAAA	AAAAxx
+2284	1389	0	0	4	4	84	284	284	2284	2284	168	169	WJAAAA	LBCAAA	HHHHxx
+9425	1390	1	1	5	5	25	425	1425	4425	9425	50	51	NYAAAA	MBCAAA	OOOOxx
+6221	1391	1	1	1	1	21	221	221	1221	6221	42	43	HFAAAA	NBCAAA	VVVVxx
+195	1392	1	3	5	15	95	195	195	195	195	190	191	NHAAAA	OBCAAA	AAAAxx
+1517	1393	1	1	7	17	17	517	1517	1517	1517	34	35	JGAAAA	PBCAAA	HHHHxx
+3791	1394	1	3	1	11	91	791	1791	3791	3791	182	183	VPAAAA	QBCAAA	OOOOxx
+572	1395	0	0	2	12	72	572	572	572	572	144	145	AWAAAA	RBCAAA	VVVVxx
+46	1396	0	2	6	6	46	46	46	46	46	92	93	UBAAAA	SBCAAA	AAAAxx
+9451	1397	1	3	1	11	51	451	1451	4451	9451	102	103	NZAAAA	TBCAAA	HHHHxx
+3359	1398	1	3	9	19	59	359	1359	3359	3359	118	119	FZAAAA	UBCAAA	OOOOxx
+8867	1399	1	3	7	7	67	867	867	3867	8867	134	135	BDAAAA	VBCAAA	VVVVxx
+674	1400	0	2	4	14	74	674	674	674	674	148	149	YZAAAA	WBCAAA	AAAAxx
+2674	1401	0	2	4	14	74	674	674	2674	2674	148	149	WYAAAA	XBCAAA	HHHHxx
+6523	1402	1	3	3	3	23	523	523	1523	6523	46	47	XQAAAA	YBCAAA	OOOOxx
+6210	1403	0	2	0	10	10	210	210	1210	6210	20	21	WEAAAA	ZBCAAA	VVVVxx
+7564	1404	0	0	4	4	64	564	1564	2564	7564	128	129	YEAAAA	ACCAAA	AAAAxx
+4776	1405	0	0	6	16	76	776	776	4776	4776	152	153	SBAAAA	BCCAAA	HHHHxx
+2993	1406	1	1	3	13	93	993	993	2993	2993	186	187	DLAAAA	CCCAAA	OOOOxx
+2969	1407	1	1	9	9	69	969	969	2969	2969	138	139	FKAAAA	DCCAAA	VVVVxx
+1762	1408	0	2	2	2	62	762	1762	1762	1762	124	125	UPAAAA	ECCAAA	AAAAxx
+685	1409	1	1	5	5	85	685	685	685	685	170	171	JAAAAA	FCCAAA	HHHHxx
+5312	1410	0	0	2	12	12	312	1312	312	5312	24	25	IWAAAA	GCCAAA	OOOOxx
+3264	1411	0	0	4	4	64	264	1264	3264	3264	128	129	OVAAAA	HCCAAA	VVVVxx
+7008	1412	0	0	8	8	8	8	1008	2008	7008	16	17	OJAAAA	ICCAAA	AAAAxx
+5167	1413	1	3	7	7	67	167	1167	167	5167	134	135	TQAAAA	JCCAAA	HHHHxx
+3060	1414	0	0	0	0	60	60	1060	3060	3060	120	121	SNAAAA	KCCAAA	OOOOxx
+1752	1415	0	0	2	12	52	752	1752	1752	1752	104	105	KPAAAA	LCCAAA	VVVVxx
+1016	1416	0	0	6	16	16	16	1016	1016	1016	32	33	CNAAAA	MCCAAA	AAAAxx
+7365	1417	1	1	5	5	65	365	1365	2365	7365	130	131	HXAAAA	NCCAAA	HHHHxx
+4358	1418	0	2	8	18	58	358	358	4358	4358	116	117	QLAAAA	OCCAAA	OOOOxx
+2819	1419	1	3	9	19	19	819	819	2819	2819	38	39	LEAAAA	PCCAAA	VVVVxx
+6727	1420	1	3	7	7	27	727	727	1727	6727	54	55	TYAAAA	QCCAAA	AAAAxx
+1459	1421	1	3	9	19	59	459	1459	1459	1459	118	119	DEAAAA	RCCAAA	HHHHxx
+1708	1422	0	0	8	8	8	708	1708	1708	1708	16	17	SNAAAA	SCCAAA	OOOOxx
+471	1423	1	3	1	11	71	471	471	471	471	142	143	DSAAAA	TCCAAA	VVVVxx
+387	1424	1	3	7	7	87	387	387	387	387	174	175	XOAAAA	UCCAAA	AAAAxx
+1166	1425	0	2	6	6	66	166	1166	1166	1166	132	133	WSAAAA	VCCAAA	HHHHxx
+2400	1426	0	0	0	0	0	400	400	2400	2400	0	1	IOAAAA	WCCAAA	OOOOxx
+3584	1427	0	0	4	4	84	584	1584	3584	3584	168	169	WHAAAA	XCCAAA	VVVVxx
+6423	1428	1	3	3	3	23	423	423	1423	6423	46	47	BNAAAA	YCCAAA	AAAAxx
+9520	1429	0	0	0	0	20	520	1520	4520	9520	40	41	ECAAAA	ZCCAAA	HHHHxx
+8080	1430	0	0	0	0	80	80	80	3080	8080	160	161	UYAAAA	ADCAAA	OOOOxx
+5709	1431	1	1	9	9	9	709	1709	709	5709	18	19	PLAAAA	BDCAAA	VVVVxx
+1131	1432	1	3	1	11	31	131	1131	1131	1131	62	63	NRAAAA	CDCAAA	AAAAxx
+8562	1433	0	2	2	2	62	562	562	3562	8562	124	125	IRAAAA	DDCAAA	HHHHxx
+5766	1434	0	2	6	6	66	766	1766	766	5766	132	133	UNAAAA	EDCAAA	OOOOxx
+245	1435	1	1	5	5	45	245	245	245	245	90	91	LJAAAA	FDCAAA	VVVVxx
+9869	1436	1	1	9	9	69	869	1869	4869	9869	138	139	PPAAAA	GDCAAA	AAAAxx
+3533	1437	1	1	3	13	33	533	1533	3533	3533	66	67	XFAAAA	HDCAAA	HHHHxx
+5109	1438	1	1	9	9	9	109	1109	109	5109	18	19	NOAAAA	IDCAAA	OOOOxx
+977	1439	1	1	7	17	77	977	977	977	977	154	155	PLAAAA	JDCAAA	VVVVxx
+1651	1440	1	3	1	11	51	651	1651	1651	1651	102	103	NLAAAA	KDCAAA	AAAAxx
+1357	1441	1	1	7	17	57	357	1357	1357	1357	114	115	FAAAAA	LDCAAA	HHHHxx
+9087	1442	1	3	7	7	87	87	1087	4087	9087	174	175	NLAAAA	MDCAAA	OOOOxx
+3399	1443	1	3	9	19	99	399	1399	3399	3399	198	199	TAAAAA	NDCAAA	VVVVxx
+7543	1444	1	3	3	3	43	543	1543	2543	7543	86	87	DEAAAA	ODCAAA	AAAAxx
+2469	1445	1	1	9	9	69	469	469	2469	2469	138	139	ZQAAAA	PDCAAA	HHHHxx
+8305	1446	1	1	5	5	5	305	305	3305	8305	10	11	LHAAAA	QDCAAA	OOOOxx
+3265	1447	1	1	5	5	65	265	1265	3265	3265	130	131	PVAAAA	RDCAAA	VVVVxx
+9977	1448	1	1	7	17	77	977	1977	4977	9977	154	155	TTAAAA	SDCAAA	AAAAxx
+3961	1449	1	1	1	1	61	961	1961	3961	3961	122	123	JWAAAA	TDCAAA	HHHHxx
+4952	1450	0	0	2	12	52	952	952	4952	4952	104	105	MIAAAA	UDCAAA	OOOOxx
+5173	1451	1	1	3	13	73	173	1173	173	5173	146	147	ZQAAAA	VDCAAA	VVVVxx
+860	1452	0	0	0	0	60	860	860	860	860	120	121	CHAAAA	WDCAAA	AAAAxx
+4523	1453	1	3	3	3	23	523	523	4523	4523	46	47	ZRAAAA	XDCAAA	HHHHxx
+2361	1454	1	1	1	1	61	361	361	2361	2361	122	123	VMAAAA	YDCAAA	OOOOxx
+7877	1455	1	1	7	17	77	877	1877	2877	7877	154	155	ZQAAAA	ZDCAAA	VVVVxx
+3422	1456	0	2	2	2	22	422	1422	3422	3422	44	45	QBAAAA	AECAAA	AAAAxx
+5781	1457	1	1	1	1	81	781	1781	781	5781	162	163	JOAAAA	BECAAA	HHHHxx
+4752	1458	0	0	2	12	52	752	752	4752	4752	104	105	UAAAAA	CECAAA	OOOOxx
+1786	1459	0	2	6	6	86	786	1786	1786	1786	172	173	SQAAAA	DECAAA	VVVVxx
+1892	1460	0	0	2	12	92	892	1892	1892	1892	184	185	UUAAAA	EECAAA	AAAAxx
+6389	1461	1	1	9	9	89	389	389	1389	6389	178	179	TLAAAA	FECAAA	HHHHxx
+8644	1462	0	0	4	4	44	644	644	3644	8644	88	89	MUAAAA	GECAAA	OOOOxx
+9056	1463	0	0	6	16	56	56	1056	4056	9056	112	113	IKAAAA	HECAAA	VVVVxx
+1423	1464	1	3	3	3	23	423	1423	1423	1423	46	47	TCAAAA	IECAAA	AAAAxx
+4901	1465	1	1	1	1	1	901	901	4901	4901	2	3	NGAAAA	JECAAA	HHHHxx
+3859	1466	1	3	9	19	59	859	1859	3859	3859	118	119	LSAAAA	KECAAA	OOOOxx
+2324	1467	0	0	4	4	24	324	324	2324	2324	48	49	KLAAAA	LECAAA	VVVVxx
+8101	1468	1	1	1	1	1	101	101	3101	8101	2	3	PZAAAA	MECAAA	AAAAxx
+8016	1469	0	0	6	16	16	16	16	3016	8016	32	33	IWAAAA	NECAAA	HHHHxx
+5826	1470	0	2	6	6	26	826	1826	826	5826	52	53	CQAAAA	OECAAA	OOOOxx
+8266	1471	0	2	6	6	66	266	266	3266	8266	132	133	YFAAAA	PECAAA	VVVVxx
+7558	1472	0	2	8	18	58	558	1558	2558	7558	116	117	SEAAAA	QECAAA	AAAAxx
+6976	1473	0	0	6	16	76	976	976	1976	6976	152	153	IIAAAA	RECAAA	HHHHxx
+222	1474	0	2	2	2	22	222	222	222	222	44	45	OIAAAA	SECAAA	OOOOxx
+1624	1475	0	0	4	4	24	624	1624	1624	1624	48	49	MKAAAA	TECAAA	VVVVxx
+1250	1476	0	2	0	10	50	250	1250	1250	1250	100	101	CWAAAA	UECAAA	AAAAxx
+1621	1477	1	1	1	1	21	621	1621	1621	1621	42	43	JKAAAA	VECAAA	HHHHxx
+2350	1478	0	2	0	10	50	350	350	2350	2350	100	101	KMAAAA	WECAAA	OOOOxx
+5239	1479	1	3	9	19	39	239	1239	239	5239	78	79	NTAAAA	XECAAA	VVVVxx
+6681	1480	1	1	1	1	81	681	681	1681	6681	162	163	ZWAAAA	YECAAA	AAAAxx
+4983	1481	1	3	3	3	83	983	983	4983	4983	166	167	RJAAAA	ZECAAA	HHHHxx
+7149	1482	1	1	9	9	49	149	1149	2149	7149	98	99	ZOAAAA	AFCAAA	OOOOxx
+3502	1483	0	2	2	2	2	502	1502	3502	3502	4	5	SEAAAA	BFCAAA	VVVVxx
+3133	1484	1	1	3	13	33	133	1133	3133	3133	66	67	NQAAAA	CFCAAA	AAAAxx
+8342	1485	0	2	2	2	42	342	342	3342	8342	84	85	WIAAAA	DFCAAA	HHHHxx
+3041	1486	1	1	1	1	41	41	1041	3041	3041	82	83	ZMAAAA	EFCAAA	OOOOxx
+5383	1487	1	3	3	3	83	383	1383	383	5383	166	167	BZAAAA	FFCAAA	VVVVxx
+3916	1488	0	0	6	16	16	916	1916	3916	3916	32	33	QUAAAA	GFCAAA	AAAAxx
+1438	1489	0	2	8	18	38	438	1438	1438	1438	76	77	IDAAAA	HFCAAA	HHHHxx
+9408	1490	0	0	8	8	8	408	1408	4408	9408	16	17	WXAAAA	IFCAAA	OOOOxx
+5783	1491	1	3	3	3	83	783	1783	783	5783	166	167	LOAAAA	JFCAAA	VVVVxx
+683	1492	1	3	3	3	83	683	683	683	683	166	167	HAAAAA	KFCAAA	AAAAxx
+9381	1493	1	1	1	1	81	381	1381	4381	9381	162	163	VWAAAA	LFCAAA	HHHHxx
+5676	1494	0	0	6	16	76	676	1676	676	5676	152	153	IKAAAA	MFCAAA	OOOOxx
+3224	1495	0	0	4	4	24	224	1224	3224	3224	48	49	AUAAAA	NFCAAA	VVVVxx
+8332	1496	0	0	2	12	32	332	332	3332	8332	64	65	MIAAAA	OFCAAA	AAAAxx
+3372	1497	0	0	2	12	72	372	1372	3372	3372	144	145	SZAAAA	PFCAAA	HHHHxx
+7436	1498	0	0	6	16	36	436	1436	2436	7436	72	73	AAAAAA	QFCAAA	OOOOxx
+5010	1499	0	2	0	10	10	10	1010	10	5010	20	21	SKAAAA	RFCAAA	VVVVxx
+7256	1500	0	0	6	16	56	256	1256	2256	7256	112	113	CTAAAA	SFCAAA	AAAAxx
+961	1501	1	1	1	1	61	961	961	961	961	122	123	ZKAAAA	TFCAAA	HHHHxx
+4182	1502	0	2	2	2	82	182	182	4182	4182	164	165	WEAAAA	UFCAAA	OOOOxx
+639	1503	1	3	9	19	39	639	639	639	639	78	79	PYAAAA	VFCAAA	VVVVxx
+8836	1504	0	0	6	16	36	836	836	3836	8836	72	73	WBAAAA	WFCAAA	AAAAxx
+8705	1505	1	1	5	5	5	705	705	3705	8705	10	11	VWAAAA	XFCAAA	HHHHxx
+32	1506	0	0	2	12	32	32	32	32	32	64	65	GBAAAA	YFCAAA	OOOOxx
+7913	1507	1	1	3	13	13	913	1913	2913	7913	26	27	JSAAAA	ZFCAAA	VVVVxx
+229	1508	1	1	9	9	29	229	229	229	229	58	59	VIAAAA	AGCAAA	AAAAxx
+2393	1509	1	1	3	13	93	393	393	2393	2393	186	187	BOAAAA	BGCAAA	HHHHxx
+2815	1510	1	3	5	15	15	815	815	2815	2815	30	31	HEAAAA	CGCAAA	OOOOxx
+4858	1511	0	2	8	18	58	858	858	4858	4858	116	117	WEAAAA	DGCAAA	VVVVxx
+6283	1512	1	3	3	3	83	283	283	1283	6283	166	167	RHAAAA	EGCAAA	AAAAxx
+4147	1513	1	3	7	7	47	147	147	4147	4147	94	95	NDAAAA	FGCAAA	HHHHxx
+6801	1514	1	1	1	1	1	801	801	1801	6801	2	3	PBAAAA	GGCAAA	OOOOxx
+1011	1515	1	3	1	11	11	11	1011	1011	1011	22	23	XMAAAA	HGCAAA	VVVVxx
+2527	1516	1	3	7	7	27	527	527	2527	2527	54	55	FTAAAA	IGCAAA	AAAAxx
+381	1517	1	1	1	1	81	381	381	381	381	162	163	ROAAAA	JGCAAA	HHHHxx
+3366	1518	0	2	6	6	66	366	1366	3366	3366	132	133	MZAAAA	KGCAAA	OOOOxx
+9636	1519	0	0	6	16	36	636	1636	4636	9636	72	73	QGAAAA	LGCAAA	VVVVxx
+2239	1520	1	3	9	19	39	239	239	2239	2239	78	79	DIAAAA	MGCAAA	AAAAxx
+5911	1521	1	3	1	11	11	911	1911	911	5911	22	23	JTAAAA	NGCAAA	HHHHxx
+449	1522	1	1	9	9	49	449	449	449	449	98	99	HRAAAA	OGCAAA	OOOOxx
+5118	1523	0	2	8	18	18	118	1118	118	5118	36	37	WOAAAA	PGCAAA	VVVVxx
+7684	1524	0	0	4	4	84	684	1684	2684	7684	168	169	OJAAAA	QGCAAA	AAAAxx
+804	1525	0	0	4	4	4	804	804	804	804	8	9	YEAAAA	RGCAAA	HHHHxx
+8378	1526	0	2	8	18	78	378	378	3378	8378	156	157	GKAAAA	SGCAAA	OOOOxx
+9855	1527	1	3	5	15	55	855	1855	4855	9855	110	111	BPAAAA	TGCAAA	VVVVxx
+1995	1528	1	3	5	15	95	995	1995	1995	1995	190	191	TYAAAA	UGCAAA	AAAAxx
+1979	1529	1	3	9	19	79	979	1979	1979	1979	158	159	DYAAAA	VGCAAA	HHHHxx
+4510	1530	0	2	0	10	10	510	510	4510	4510	20	21	MRAAAA	WGCAAA	OOOOxx
+3792	1531	0	0	2	12	92	792	1792	3792	3792	184	185	WPAAAA	XGCAAA	VVVVxx
+3541	1532	1	1	1	1	41	541	1541	3541	3541	82	83	FGAAAA	YGCAAA	AAAAxx
+8847	1533	1	3	7	7	47	847	847	3847	8847	94	95	HCAAAA	ZGCAAA	HHHHxx
+1336	1534	0	0	6	16	36	336	1336	1336	1336	72	73	KZAAAA	AHCAAA	OOOOxx
+6780	1535	0	0	0	0	80	780	780	1780	6780	160	161	UAAAAA	BHCAAA	VVVVxx
+8711	1536	1	3	1	11	11	711	711	3711	8711	22	23	BXAAAA	CHCAAA	AAAAxx
+7839	1537	1	3	9	19	39	839	1839	2839	7839	78	79	NPAAAA	DHCAAA	HHHHxx
+677	1538	1	1	7	17	77	677	677	677	677	154	155	BAAAAA	EHCAAA	OOOOxx
+1574	1539	0	2	4	14	74	574	1574	1574	1574	148	149	OIAAAA	FHCAAA	VVVVxx
+2905	1540	1	1	5	5	5	905	905	2905	2905	10	11	THAAAA	GHCAAA	AAAAxx
+1879	1541	1	3	9	19	79	879	1879	1879	1879	158	159	HUAAAA	HHCAAA	HHHHxx
+7820	1542	0	0	0	0	20	820	1820	2820	7820	40	41	UOAAAA	IHCAAA	OOOOxx
+4308	1543	0	0	8	8	8	308	308	4308	4308	16	17	SJAAAA	JHCAAA	VVVVxx
+4474	1544	0	2	4	14	74	474	474	4474	4474	148	149	CQAAAA	KHCAAA	AAAAxx
+6985	1545	1	1	5	5	85	985	985	1985	6985	170	171	RIAAAA	LHCAAA	HHHHxx
+6929	1546	1	1	9	9	29	929	929	1929	6929	58	59	NGAAAA	MHCAAA	OOOOxx
+777	1547	1	1	7	17	77	777	777	777	777	154	155	XDAAAA	NHCAAA	VVVVxx
+8271	1548	1	3	1	11	71	271	271	3271	8271	142	143	DGAAAA	OHCAAA	AAAAxx
+2389	1549	1	1	9	9	89	389	389	2389	2389	178	179	XNAAAA	PHCAAA	HHHHxx
+946	1550	0	2	6	6	46	946	946	946	946	92	93	KKAAAA	QHCAAA	OOOOxx
+9682	1551	0	2	2	2	82	682	1682	4682	9682	164	165	KIAAAA	RHCAAA	VVVVxx
+8722	1552	0	2	2	2	22	722	722	3722	8722	44	45	MXAAAA	SHCAAA	AAAAxx
+470	1553	0	2	0	10	70	470	470	470	470	140	141	CSAAAA	THCAAA	HHHHxx
+7425	1554	1	1	5	5	25	425	1425	2425	7425	50	51	PZAAAA	UHCAAA	OOOOxx
+2372	1555	0	0	2	12	72	372	372	2372	2372	144	145	GNAAAA	VHCAAA	VVVVxx
+508	1556	0	0	8	8	8	508	508	508	508	16	17	OTAAAA	WHCAAA	AAAAxx
+163	1557	1	3	3	3	63	163	163	163	163	126	127	HGAAAA	XHCAAA	HHHHxx
+6579	1558	1	3	9	19	79	579	579	1579	6579	158	159	BTAAAA	YHCAAA	OOOOxx
+2355	1559	1	3	5	15	55	355	355	2355	2355	110	111	PMAAAA	ZHCAAA	VVVVxx
+70	1560	0	2	0	10	70	70	70	70	70	140	141	SCAAAA	AICAAA	AAAAxx
+651	1561	1	3	1	11	51	651	651	651	651	102	103	BZAAAA	BICAAA	HHHHxx
+4436	1562	0	0	6	16	36	436	436	4436	4436	72	73	QOAAAA	CICAAA	OOOOxx
+4240	1563	0	0	0	0	40	240	240	4240	4240	80	81	CHAAAA	DICAAA	VVVVxx
+2722	1564	0	2	2	2	22	722	722	2722	2722	44	45	SAAAAA	EICAAA	AAAAxx
+8937	1565	1	1	7	17	37	937	937	3937	8937	74	75	TFAAAA	FICAAA	HHHHxx
+8364	1566	0	0	4	4	64	364	364	3364	8364	128	129	SJAAAA	GICAAA	OOOOxx
+8317	1567	1	1	7	17	17	317	317	3317	8317	34	35	XHAAAA	HICAAA	VVVVxx
+8872	1568	0	0	2	12	72	872	872	3872	8872	144	145	GDAAAA	IICAAA	AAAAxx
+5512	1569	0	0	2	12	12	512	1512	512	5512	24	25	AEAAAA	JICAAA	HHHHxx
+6651	1570	1	3	1	11	51	651	651	1651	6651	102	103	VVAAAA	KICAAA	OOOOxx
+5976	1571	0	0	6	16	76	976	1976	976	5976	152	153	WVAAAA	LICAAA	VVVVxx
+3301	1572	1	1	1	1	1	301	1301	3301	3301	2	3	ZWAAAA	MICAAA	AAAAxx
+6784	1573	0	0	4	4	84	784	784	1784	6784	168	169	YAAAAA	NICAAA	HHHHxx
+573	1574	1	1	3	13	73	573	573	573	573	146	147	BWAAAA	OICAAA	OOOOxx
+3015	1575	1	3	5	15	15	15	1015	3015	3015	30	31	ZLAAAA	PICAAA	VVVVxx
+8245	1576	1	1	5	5	45	245	245	3245	8245	90	91	DFAAAA	QICAAA	AAAAxx
+5251	1577	1	3	1	11	51	251	1251	251	5251	102	103	ZTAAAA	RICAAA	HHHHxx
+2281	1578	1	1	1	1	81	281	281	2281	2281	162	163	TJAAAA	SICAAA	OOOOxx
+518	1579	0	2	8	18	18	518	518	518	518	36	37	YTAAAA	TICAAA	VVVVxx
+9839	1580	1	3	9	19	39	839	1839	4839	9839	78	79	LOAAAA	UICAAA	AAAAxx
+4526	1581	0	2	6	6	26	526	526	4526	4526	52	53	CSAAAA	VICAAA	HHHHxx
+1261	1582	1	1	1	1	61	261	1261	1261	1261	122	123	NWAAAA	WICAAA	OOOOxx
+4259	1583	1	3	9	19	59	259	259	4259	4259	118	119	VHAAAA	XICAAA	VVVVxx
+9098	1584	0	2	8	18	98	98	1098	4098	9098	196	197	YLAAAA	YICAAA	AAAAxx
+6037	1585	1	1	7	17	37	37	37	1037	6037	74	75	FYAAAA	ZICAAA	HHHHxx
+4284	1586	0	0	4	4	84	284	284	4284	4284	168	169	UIAAAA	AJCAAA	OOOOxx
+3267	1587	1	3	7	7	67	267	1267	3267	3267	134	135	RVAAAA	BJCAAA	VVVVxx
+5908	1588	0	0	8	8	8	908	1908	908	5908	16	17	GTAAAA	CJCAAA	AAAAxx
+1549	1589	1	1	9	9	49	549	1549	1549	1549	98	99	PHAAAA	DJCAAA	HHHHxx
+8736	1590	0	0	6	16	36	736	736	3736	8736	72	73	AYAAAA	EJCAAA	OOOOxx
+2008	1591	0	0	8	8	8	8	8	2008	2008	16	17	GZAAAA	FJCAAA	VVVVxx
+548	1592	0	0	8	8	48	548	548	548	548	96	97	CVAAAA	GJCAAA	AAAAxx
+8846	1593	0	2	6	6	46	846	846	3846	8846	92	93	GCAAAA	HJCAAA	HHHHxx
+8374	1594	0	2	4	14	74	374	374	3374	8374	148	149	CKAAAA	IJCAAA	OOOOxx
+7986	1595	0	2	6	6	86	986	1986	2986	7986	172	173	EVAAAA	JJCAAA	VVVVxx
+6819	1596	1	3	9	19	19	819	819	1819	6819	38	39	HCAAAA	KJCAAA	AAAAxx
+4418	1597	0	2	8	18	18	418	418	4418	4418	36	37	YNAAAA	LJCAAA	HHHHxx
+833	1598	1	1	3	13	33	833	833	833	833	66	67	BGAAAA	MJCAAA	OOOOxx
+4416	1599	0	0	6	16	16	416	416	4416	4416	32	33	WNAAAA	NJCAAA	VVVVxx
+4902	1600	0	2	2	2	2	902	902	4902	4902	4	5	OGAAAA	OJCAAA	AAAAxx
+6828	1601	0	0	8	8	28	828	828	1828	6828	56	57	QCAAAA	PJCAAA	HHHHxx
+1118	1602	0	2	8	18	18	118	1118	1118	1118	36	37	ARAAAA	QJCAAA	OOOOxx
+9993	1603	1	1	3	13	93	993	1993	4993	9993	186	187	JUAAAA	RJCAAA	VVVVxx
+1430	1604	0	2	0	10	30	430	1430	1430	1430	60	61	ADAAAA	SJCAAA	AAAAxx
+5670	1605	0	2	0	10	70	670	1670	670	5670	140	141	CKAAAA	TJCAAA	HHHHxx
+5424	1606	0	0	4	4	24	424	1424	424	5424	48	49	QAAAAA	UJCAAA	OOOOxx
+5561	1607	1	1	1	1	61	561	1561	561	5561	122	123	XFAAAA	VJCAAA	VVVVxx
+2027	1608	1	3	7	7	27	27	27	2027	2027	54	55	ZZAAAA	WJCAAA	AAAAxx
+6924	1609	0	0	4	4	24	924	924	1924	6924	48	49	IGAAAA	XJCAAA	HHHHxx
+5946	1610	0	2	6	6	46	946	1946	946	5946	92	93	SUAAAA	YJCAAA	OOOOxx
+4294	1611	0	2	4	14	94	294	294	4294	4294	188	189	EJAAAA	ZJCAAA	VVVVxx
+2936	1612	0	0	6	16	36	936	936	2936	2936	72	73	YIAAAA	AKCAAA	AAAAxx
+3855	1613	1	3	5	15	55	855	1855	3855	3855	110	111	HSAAAA	BKCAAA	HHHHxx
+455	1614	1	3	5	15	55	455	455	455	455	110	111	NRAAAA	CKCAAA	OOOOxx
+2918	1615	0	2	8	18	18	918	918	2918	2918	36	37	GIAAAA	DKCAAA	VVVVxx
+448	1616	0	0	8	8	48	448	448	448	448	96	97	GRAAAA	EKCAAA	AAAAxx
+2149	1617	1	1	9	9	49	149	149	2149	2149	98	99	REAAAA	FKCAAA	HHHHxx
+8890	1618	0	2	0	10	90	890	890	3890	8890	180	181	YDAAAA	GKCAAA	OOOOxx
+8919	1619	1	3	9	19	19	919	919	3919	8919	38	39	BFAAAA	HKCAAA	VVVVxx
+4957	1620	1	1	7	17	57	957	957	4957	4957	114	115	RIAAAA	IKCAAA	AAAAxx
+4	1621	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	8	9	EAAAAA	JKCAAA	HHHHxx
+4837	1622	1	1	7	17	37	837	837	4837	4837	74	75	BEAAAA	KKCAAA	OOOOxx
+3976	1623	0	0	6	16	76	976	1976	3976	3976	152	153	YWAAAA	LKCAAA	VVVVxx
+9459	1624	1	3	9	19	59	459	1459	4459	9459	118	119	VZAAAA	MKCAAA	AAAAxx
+7097	1625	1	1	7	17	97	97	1097	2097	7097	194	195	ZMAAAA	NKCAAA	HHHHxx
+9226	1626	0	2	6	6	26	226	1226	4226	9226	52	53	WQAAAA	OKCAAA	OOOOxx
+5803	1627	1	3	3	3	3	803	1803	803	5803	6	7	FPAAAA	PKCAAA	VVVVxx
+21	1628	1	1	1	1	21	21	21	21	21	42	43	VAAAAA	QKCAAA	AAAAxx
+5275	1629	1	3	5	15	75	275	1275	275	5275	150	151	XUAAAA	RKCAAA	HHHHxx
+3488	1630	0	0	8	8	88	488	1488	3488	3488	176	177	EEAAAA	SKCAAA	OOOOxx
+1595	1631	1	3	5	15	95	595	1595	1595	1595	190	191	JJAAAA	TKCAAA	VVVVxx
+5212	1632	0	0	2	12	12	212	1212	212	5212	24	25	MSAAAA	UKCAAA	AAAAxx
+6574	1633	0	2	4	14	74	574	574	1574	6574	148	149	WSAAAA	VKCAAA	HHHHxx
+7524	1634	0	0	4	4	24	524	1524	2524	7524	48	49	KDAAAA	WKCAAA	OOOOxx
+6100	1635	0	0	0	0	0	100	100	1100	6100	0	1	QAAAAA	XKCAAA	VVVVxx
+1198	1636	0	2	8	18	98	198	1198	1198	1198	196	197	CUAAAA	YKCAAA	AAAAxx
+7345	1637	1	1	5	5	45	345	1345	2345	7345	90	91	NWAAAA	ZKCAAA	HHHHxx
+5020	1638	0	0	0	0	20	20	1020	20	5020	40	41	CLAAAA	ALCAAA	OOOOxx
+6925	1639	1	1	5	5	25	925	925	1925	6925	50	51	JGAAAA	BLCAAA	VVVVxx
+8915	1640	1	3	5	15	15	915	915	3915	8915	30	31	XEAAAA	CLCAAA	AAAAxx
+3088	1641	0	0	8	8	88	88	1088	3088	3088	176	177	UOAAAA	DLCAAA	HHHHxx
+4828	1642	0	0	8	8	28	828	828	4828	4828	56	57	SDAAAA	ELCAAA	OOOOxx
+7276	1643	0	0	6	16	76	276	1276	2276	7276	152	153	WTAAAA	FLCAAA	VVVVxx
+299	1644	1	3	9	19	99	299	299	299	299	198	199	NLAAAA	GLCAAA	AAAAxx
+76	1645	0	0	6	16	76	76	76	76	76	152	153	YCAAAA	HLCAAA	HHHHxx
+8458	1646	0	2	8	18	58	458	458	3458	8458	116	117	INAAAA	ILCAAA	OOOOxx
+7207	1647	1	3	7	7	7	207	1207	2207	7207	14	15	FRAAAA	JLCAAA	VVVVxx
+5585	1648	1	1	5	5	85	585	1585	585	5585	170	171	VGAAAA	KLCAAA	AAAAxx
+3234	1649	0	2	4	14	34	234	1234	3234	3234	68	69	KUAAAA	LLCAAA	HHHHxx
+8001	1650	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	3001	8001	2	3	TVAAAA	MLCAAA	OOOOxx
+1319	1651	1	3	9	19	19	319	1319	1319	1319	38	39	TYAAAA	NLCAAA	VVVVxx
+6342	1652	0	2	2	2	42	342	342	1342	6342	84	85	YJAAAA	OLCAAA	AAAAxx
+9199	1653	1	3	9	19	99	199	1199	4199	9199	198	199	VPAAAA	PLCAAA	HHHHxx
+5696	1654	0	0	6	16	96	696	1696	696	5696	192	193	CLAAAA	QLCAAA	OOOOxx
+2562	1655	0	2	2	2	62	562	562	2562	2562	124	125	OUAAAA	RLCAAA	VVVVxx
+4226	1656	0	2	6	6	26	226	226	4226	4226	52	53	OGAAAA	SLCAAA	AAAAxx
+1184	1657	0	0	4	4	84	184	1184	1184	1184	168	169	OTAAAA	TLCAAA	HHHHxx
+5807	1658	1	3	7	7	7	807	1807	807	5807	14	15	JPAAAA	ULCAAA	OOOOxx
+1890	1659	0	2	0	10	90	890	1890	1890	1890	180	181	SUAAAA	VLCAAA	VVVVxx
+451	1660	1	3	1	11	51	451	451	451	451	102	103	JRAAAA	WLCAAA	AAAAxx
+1049	1661	1	1	9	9	49	49	1049	1049	1049	98	99	JOAAAA	XLCAAA	HHHHxx
+5272	1662	0	0	2	12	72	272	1272	272	5272	144	145	UUAAAA	YLCAAA	OOOOxx
+4588	1663	0	0	8	8	88	588	588	4588	4588	176	177	MUAAAA	ZLCAAA	VVVVxx
+5213	1664	1	1	3	13	13	213	1213	213	5213	26	27	NSAAAA	AMCAAA	AAAAxx
+9543	1665	1	3	3	3	43	543	1543	4543	9543	86	87	BDAAAA	BMCAAA	HHHHxx
+6318	1666	0	2	8	18	18	318	318	1318	6318	36	37	AJAAAA	CMCAAA	OOOOxx
+7992	1667	0	0	2	12	92	992	1992	2992	7992	184	185	KVAAAA	DMCAAA	VVVVxx
+4619	1668	1	3	9	19	19	619	619	4619	4619	38	39	RVAAAA	EMCAAA	AAAAxx
+7189	1669	1	1	9	9	89	189	1189	2189	7189	178	179	NQAAAA	FMCAAA	HHHHxx
+2178	1670	0	2	8	18	78	178	178	2178	2178	156	157	UFAAAA	GMCAAA	OOOOxx
+4928	1671	0	0	8	8	28	928	928	4928	4928	56	57	OHAAAA	HMCAAA	VVVVxx
+3966	1672	0	2	6	6	66	966	1966	3966	3966	132	133	OWAAAA	IMCAAA	AAAAxx
+9790	1673	0	2	0	10	90	790	1790	4790	9790	180	181	OMAAAA	JMCAAA	HHHHxx
+9150	1674	0	2	0	10	50	150	1150	4150	9150	100	101	YNAAAA	KMCAAA	OOOOxx
+313	1675	1	1	3	13	13	313	313	313	313	26	27	BMAAAA	LMCAAA	VVVVxx
+1614	1676	0	2	4	14	14	614	1614	1614	1614	28	29	CKAAAA	MMCAAA	AAAAxx
+1581	1677	1	1	1	1	81	581	1581	1581	1581	162	163	VIAAAA	NMCAAA	HHHHxx
+3674	1678	0	2	4	14	74	674	1674	3674	3674	148	149	ILAAAA	OMCAAA	OOOOxx
+3444	1679	0	0	4	4	44	444	1444	3444	3444	88	89	MCAAAA	PMCAAA	VVVVxx
+1050	1680	0	2	0	10	50	50	1050	1050	1050	100	101	KOAAAA	QMCAAA	AAAAxx
+8241	1681	1	1	1	1	41	241	241	3241	8241	82	83	ZEAAAA	RMCAAA	HHHHxx
+3382	1682	0	2	2	2	82	382	1382	3382	3382	164	165	CAAAAA	SMCAAA	OOOOxx
+7105	1683	1	1	5	5	5	105	1105	2105	7105	10	11	HNAAAA	TMCAAA	VVVVxx
+2957	1684	1	1	7	17	57	957	957	2957	2957	114	115	TJAAAA	UMCAAA	AAAAxx
+6162	1685	0	2	2	2	62	162	162	1162	6162	124	125	ADAAAA	VMCAAA	HHHHxx
+5150	1686	0	2	0	10	50	150	1150	150	5150	100	101	CQAAAA	WMCAAA	OOOOxx
+2622	1687	0	2	2	2	22	622	622	2622	2622	44	45	WWAAAA	XMCAAA	VVVVxx
+2240	1688	0	0	0	0	40	240	240	2240	2240	80	81	EIAAAA	YMCAAA	AAAAxx
+8880	1689	0	0	0	0	80	880	880	3880	8880	160	161	ODAAAA	ZMCAAA	HHHHxx
+9250	1690	0	2	0	10	50	250	1250	4250	9250	100	101	URAAAA	ANCAAA	OOOOxx
+7010	1691	0	2	0	10	10	10	1010	2010	7010	20	21	QJAAAA	BNCAAA	VVVVxx
+1098	1692	0	2	8	18	98	98	1098	1098	1098	196	197	GQAAAA	CNCAAA	AAAAxx
+648	1693	0	0	8	8	48	648	648	648	648	96	97	YYAAAA	DNCAAA	HHHHxx
+5536	1694	0	0	6	16	36	536	1536	536	5536	72	73	YEAAAA	ENCAAA	OOOOxx
+7858	1695	0	2	8	18	58	858	1858	2858	7858	116	117	GQAAAA	FNCAAA	VVVVxx
+7053	1696	1	1	3	13	53	53	1053	2053	7053	106	107	HLAAAA	GNCAAA	AAAAxx
+8681	1697	1	1	1	1	81	681	681	3681	8681	162	163	XVAAAA	HNCAAA	HHHHxx
+8832	1698	0	0	2	12	32	832	832	3832	8832	64	65	SBAAAA	INCAAA	OOOOxx
+6836	1699	0	0	6	16	36	836	836	1836	6836	72	73	YCAAAA	JNCAAA	VVVVxx
+4856	1700	0	0	6	16	56	856	856	4856	4856	112	113	UEAAAA	KNCAAA	AAAAxx
+345	1701	1	1	5	5	45	345	345	345	345	90	91	HNAAAA	LNCAAA	HHHHxx
+6559	1702	1	3	9	19	59	559	559	1559	6559	118	119	HSAAAA	MNCAAA	OOOOxx
+3017	1703	1	1	7	17	17	17	1017	3017	3017	34	35	BMAAAA	NNCAAA	VVVVxx
+4176	1704	0	0	6	16	76	176	176	4176	4176	152	153	QEAAAA	ONCAAA	AAAAxx
+2839	1705	1	3	9	19	39	839	839	2839	2839	78	79	FFAAAA	PNCAAA	HHHHxx
+6065	1706	1	1	5	5	65	65	65	1065	6065	130	131	HZAAAA	QNCAAA	OOOOxx
+7360	1707	0	0	0	0	60	360	1360	2360	7360	120	121	CXAAAA	RNCAAA	VVVVxx
+9527	1708	1	3	7	7	27	527	1527	4527	9527	54	55	LCAAAA	SNCAAA	AAAAxx
+8849	1709	1	1	9	9	49	849	849	3849	8849	98	99	JCAAAA	TNCAAA	HHHHxx
+7274	1710	0	2	4	14	74	274	1274	2274	7274	148	149	UTAAAA	UNCAAA	OOOOxx
+4368	1711	0	0	8	8	68	368	368	4368	4368	136	137	AMAAAA	VNCAAA	VVVVxx
+2488	1712	0	0	8	8	88	488	488	2488	2488	176	177	SRAAAA	WNCAAA	AAAAxx
+4674	1713	0	2	4	14	74	674	674	4674	4674	148	149	UXAAAA	XNCAAA	HHHHxx
+365	1714	1	1	5	5	65	365	365	365	365	130	131	BOAAAA	YNCAAA	OOOOxx
+5897	1715	1	1	7	17	97	897	1897	897	5897	194	195	VSAAAA	ZNCAAA	VVVVxx
+8918	1716	0	2	8	18	18	918	918	3918	8918	36	37	AFAAAA	AOCAAA	AAAAxx
+1988	1717	0	0	8	8	88	988	1988	1988	1988	176	177	MYAAAA	BOCAAA	HHHHxx
+1210	1718	0	2	0	10	10	210	1210	1210	1210	20	21	OUAAAA	COCAAA	OOOOxx
+2945	1719	1	1	5	5	45	945	945	2945	2945	90	91	HJAAAA	DOCAAA	VVVVxx
+555	1720	1	3	5	15	55	555	555	555	555	110	111	JVAAAA	EOCAAA	AAAAxx
+9615	1721	1	3	5	15	15	615	1615	4615	9615	30	31	VFAAAA	FOCAAA	HHHHxx
+9939	1722	1	3	9	19	39	939	1939	4939	9939	78	79	HSAAAA	GOCAAA	OOOOxx
+1216	1723	0	0	6	16	16	216	1216	1216	1216	32	33	UUAAAA	HOCAAA	VVVVxx
+745	1724	1	1	5	5	45	745	745	745	745	90	91	RCAAAA	IOCAAA	AAAAxx
+3326	1725	0	2	6	6	26	326	1326	3326	3326	52	53	YXAAAA	JOCAAA	HHHHxx
+953	1726	1	1	3	13	53	953	953	953	953	106	107	RKAAAA	KOCAAA	OOOOxx
+444	1727	0	0	4	4	44	444	444	444	444	88	89	CRAAAA	LOCAAA	VVVVxx
+280	1728	0	0	0	0	80	280	280	280	280	160	161	UKAAAA	MOCAAA	AAAAxx
+3707	1729	1	3	7	7	7	707	1707	3707	3707	14	15	PMAAAA	NOCAAA	HHHHxx
+1351	1730	1	3	1	11	51	351	1351	1351	1351	102	103	ZZAAAA	OOCAAA	OOOOxx
+1280	1731	0	0	0	0	80	280	1280	1280	1280	160	161	GXAAAA	POCAAA	VVVVxx
+628	1732	0	0	8	8	28	628	628	628	628	56	57	EYAAAA	QOCAAA	AAAAxx
+6198	1733	0	2	8	18	98	198	198	1198	6198	196	197	KEAAAA	ROCAAA	HHHHxx
+1957	1734	1	1	7	17	57	957	1957	1957	1957	114	115	HXAAAA	SOCAAA	OOOOxx
+9241	1735	1	1	1	1	41	241	1241	4241	9241	82	83	LRAAAA	TOCAAA	VVVVxx
+303	1736	1	3	3	3	3	303	303	303	303	6	7	RLAAAA	UOCAAA	AAAAxx
+1945	1737	1	1	5	5	45	945	1945	1945	1945	90	91	VWAAAA	VOCAAA	HHHHxx
+3634	1738	0	2	4	14	34	634	1634	3634	3634	68	69	UJAAAA	WOCAAA	OOOOxx
+4768	1739	0	0	8	8	68	768	768	4768	4768	136	137	KBAAAA	XOCAAA	VVVVxx
+9262	1740	0	2	2	2	62	262	1262	4262	9262	124	125	GSAAAA	YOCAAA	AAAAxx
+2610	1741	0	2	0	10	10	610	610	2610	2610	20	21	KWAAAA	ZOCAAA	HHHHxx
+6640	1742	0	0	0	0	40	640	640	1640	6640	80	81	KVAAAA	APCAAA	OOOOxx
+3338	1743	0	2	8	18	38	338	1338	3338	3338	76	77	KYAAAA	BPCAAA	VVVVxx
+6560	1744	0	0	0	0	60	560	560	1560	6560	120	121	ISAAAA	CPCAAA	AAAAxx
+5986	1745	0	2	6	6	86	986	1986	986	5986	172	173	GWAAAA	DPCAAA	HHHHxx
+2970	1746	0	2	0	10	70	970	970	2970	2970	140	141	GKAAAA	EPCAAA	OOOOxx
+4731	1747	1	3	1	11	31	731	731	4731	4731	62	63	ZZAAAA	FPCAAA	VVVVxx
+9486	1748	0	2	6	6	86	486	1486	4486	9486	172	173	WAAAAA	GPCAAA	AAAAxx
+7204	1749	0	0	4	4	4	204	1204	2204	7204	8	9	CRAAAA	HPCAAA	HHHHxx
+6685	1750	1	1	5	5	85	685	685	1685	6685	170	171	DXAAAA	IPCAAA	OOOOxx
+6852	1751	0	0	2	12	52	852	852	1852	6852	104	105	ODAAAA	JPCAAA	VVVVxx
+2325	1752	1	1	5	5	25	325	325	2325	2325	50	51	LLAAAA	KPCAAA	AAAAxx
+1063	1753	1	3	3	3	63	63	1063	1063	1063	126	127	XOAAAA	LPCAAA	HHHHxx
+6810	1754	0	2	0	10	10	810	810	1810	6810	20	21	YBAAAA	MPCAAA	OOOOxx
+7718	1755	0	2	8	18	18	718	1718	2718	7718	36	37	WKAAAA	NPCAAA	VVVVxx
+1680	1756	0	0	0	0	80	680	1680	1680	1680	160	161	QMAAAA	OPCAAA	AAAAxx
+7402	1757	0	2	2	2	2	402	1402	2402	7402	4	5	SYAAAA	PPCAAA	HHHHxx
+4134	1758	0	2	4	14	34	134	134	4134	4134	68	69	ADAAAA	QPCAAA	OOOOxx
+8232	1759	0	0	2	12	32	232	232	3232	8232	64	65	QEAAAA	RPCAAA	VVVVxx
+6682	1760	0	2	2	2	82	682	682	1682	6682	164	165	AXAAAA	SPCAAA	AAAAxx
+7952	1761	0	0	2	12	52	952	1952	2952	7952	104	105	WTAAAA	TPCAAA	HHHHxx
+5943	1762	1	3	3	3	43	943	1943	943	5943	86	87	PUAAAA	UPCAAA	OOOOxx
+5394	1763	0	2	4	14	94	394	1394	394	5394	188	189	MZAAAA	VPCAAA	VVVVxx
+6554	1764	0	2	4	14	54	554	554	1554	6554	108	109	CSAAAA	WPCAAA	AAAAxx
+8186	1765	0	2	6	6	86	186	186	3186	8186	172	173	WCAAAA	XPCAAA	HHHHxx
+199	1766	1	3	9	19	99	199	199	199	199	198	199	RHAAAA	YPCAAA	OOOOxx
+3386	1767	0	2	6	6	86	386	1386	3386	3386	172	173	GAAAAA	ZPCAAA	VVVVxx
+8974	1768	0	2	4	14	74	974	974	3974	8974	148	149	EHAAAA	AQCAAA	AAAAxx
+8140	1769	0	0	0	0	40	140	140	3140	8140	80	81	CBAAAA	BQCAAA	HHHHxx
+3723	1770	1	3	3	3	23	723	1723	3723	3723	46	47	FNAAAA	CQCAAA	OOOOxx
+8827	1771	1	3	7	7	27	827	827	3827	8827	54	55	NBAAAA	DQCAAA	VVVVxx
+1998	1772	0	2	8	18	98	998	1998	1998	1998	196	197	WYAAAA	EQCAAA	AAAAxx
+879	1773	1	3	9	19	79	879	879	879	879	158	159	VHAAAA	FQCAAA	HHHHxx
+892	1774	0	0	2	12	92	892	892	892	892	184	185	IIAAAA	GQCAAA	OOOOxx
+9468	1775	0	0	8	8	68	468	1468	4468	9468	136	137	EAAAAA	HQCAAA	VVVVxx
+3797	1776	1	1	7	17	97	797	1797	3797	3797	194	195	BQAAAA	IQCAAA	AAAAxx
+8379	1777	1	3	9	19	79	379	379	3379	8379	158	159	HKAAAA	JQCAAA	HHHHxx
+2817	1778	1	1	7	17	17	817	817	2817	2817	34	35	JEAAAA	KQCAAA	OOOOxx
+789	1779	1	1	9	9	89	789	789	789	789	178	179	JEAAAA	LQCAAA	VVVVxx
+3871	1780	1	3	1	11	71	871	1871	3871	3871	142	143	XSAAAA	MQCAAA	AAAAxx
+7931	1781	1	3	1	11	31	931	1931	2931	7931	62	63	BTAAAA	NQCAAA	HHHHxx
+3636	1782	0	0	6	16	36	636	1636	3636	3636	72	73	WJAAAA	OQCAAA	OOOOxx
+699	1783	1	3	9	19	99	699	699	699	699	198	199	XAAAAA	PQCAAA	VVVVxx
+6850	1784	0	2	0	10	50	850	850	1850	6850	100	101	MDAAAA	QQCAAA	AAAAxx
+6394	1785	0	2	4	14	94	394	394	1394	6394	188	189	YLAAAA	RQCAAA	HHHHxx
+3475	1786	1	3	5	15	75	475	1475	3475	3475	150	151	RDAAAA	SQCAAA	OOOOxx
+3026	1787	0	2	6	6	26	26	1026	3026	3026	52	53	KMAAAA	TQCAAA	VVVVxx
+876	1788	0	0	6	16	76	876	876	876	876	152	153	SHAAAA	UQCAAA	AAAAxx
+1992	1789	0	0	2	12	92	992	1992	1992	1992	184	185	QYAAAA	VQCAAA	HHHHxx
+3079	1790	1	3	9	19	79	79	1079	3079	3079	158	159	LOAAAA	WQCAAA	OOOOxx
+8128	1791	0	0	8	8	28	128	128	3128	8128	56	57	QAAAAA	XQCAAA	VVVVxx
+8123	1792	1	3	3	3	23	123	123	3123	8123	46	47	LAAAAA	YQCAAA	AAAAxx
+3285	1793	1	1	5	5	85	285	1285	3285	3285	170	171	JWAAAA	ZQCAAA	HHHHxx
+9315	1794	1	3	5	15	15	315	1315	4315	9315	30	31	HUAAAA	ARCAAA	OOOOxx
+9862	1795	0	2	2	2	62	862	1862	4862	9862	124	125	IPAAAA	BRCAAA	VVVVxx
+2764	1796	0	0	4	4	64	764	764	2764	2764	128	129	ICAAAA	CRCAAA	AAAAxx
+3544	1797	0	0	4	4	44	544	1544	3544	3544	88	89	IGAAAA	DRCAAA	HHHHxx
+7747	1798	1	3	7	7	47	747	1747	2747	7747	94	95	ZLAAAA	ERCAAA	OOOOxx
+7725	1799	1	1	5	5	25	725	1725	2725	7725	50	51	DLAAAA	FRCAAA	VVVVxx
+2449	1800	1	1	9	9	49	449	449	2449	2449	98	99	FQAAAA	GRCAAA	AAAAxx
+8967	1801	1	3	7	7	67	967	967	3967	8967	134	135	XGAAAA	HRCAAA	HHHHxx
+7371	1802	1	3	1	11	71	371	1371	2371	7371	142	143	NXAAAA	IRCAAA	OOOOxx
+2158	1803	0	2	8	18	58	158	158	2158	2158	116	117	AFAAAA	JRCAAA	VVVVxx
+5590	1804	0	2	0	10	90	590	1590	590	5590	180	181	AHAAAA	KRCAAA	AAAAxx
+8072	1805	0	0	2	12	72	72	72	3072	8072	144	145	MYAAAA	LRCAAA	HHHHxx
+1971	1806	1	3	1	11	71	971	1971	1971	1971	142	143	VXAAAA	MRCAAA	OOOOxx
+772	1807	0	0	2	12	72	772	772	772	772	144	145	SDAAAA	NRCAAA	VVVVxx
+3433	1808	1	1	3	13	33	433	1433	3433	3433	66	67	BCAAAA	ORCAAA	AAAAxx
+8419	1809	1	3	9	19	19	419	419	3419	8419	38	39	VLAAAA	PRCAAA	HHHHxx
+1493	1810	1	1	3	13	93	493	1493	1493	1493	186	187	LFAAAA	QRCAAA	OOOOxx
+2584	1811	0	0	4	4	84	584	584	2584	2584	168	169	KVAAAA	RRCAAA	VVVVxx
+9502	1812	0	2	2	2	2	502	1502	4502	9502	4	5	MBAAAA	SRCAAA	AAAAxx
+4673	1813	1	1	3	13	73	673	673	4673	4673	146	147	TXAAAA	TRCAAA	HHHHxx
+7403	1814	1	3	3	3	3	403	1403	2403	7403	6	7	TYAAAA	URCAAA	OOOOxx
+7103	1815	1	3	3	3	3	103	1103	2103	7103	6	7	FNAAAA	VRCAAA	VVVVxx
+7026	1816	0	2	6	6	26	26	1026	2026	7026	52	53	GKAAAA	WRCAAA	AAAAxx
+8574	1817	0	2	4	14	74	574	574	3574	8574	148	149	URAAAA	XRCAAA	HHHHxx
+1366	1818	0	2	6	6	66	366	1366	1366	1366	132	133	OAAAAA	YRCAAA	OOOOxx
+5787	1819	1	3	7	7	87	787	1787	787	5787	174	175	POAAAA	ZRCAAA	VVVVxx
+2552	1820	0	0	2	12	52	552	552	2552	2552	104	105	EUAAAA	ASCAAA	AAAAxx
+4557	1821	1	1	7	17	57	557	557	4557	4557	114	115	HTAAAA	BSCAAA	HHHHxx
+3237	1822	1	1	7	17	37	237	1237	3237	3237	74	75	NUAAAA	CSCAAA	OOOOxx
+6901	1823	1	1	1	1	1	901	901	1901	6901	2	3	LFAAAA	DSCAAA	VVVVxx
+7708	1824	0	0	8	8	8	708	1708	2708	7708	16	17	MKAAAA	ESCAAA	AAAAxx
+2011	1825	1	3	1	11	11	11	11	2011	2011	22	23	JZAAAA	FSCAAA	HHHHxx
+9455	1826	1	3	5	15	55	455	1455	4455	9455	110	111	RZAAAA	GSCAAA	OOOOxx
+5228	1827	0	0	8	8	28	228	1228	228	5228	56	57	CTAAAA	HSCAAA	VVVVxx
+4043	1828	1	3	3	3	43	43	43	4043	4043	86	87	NZAAAA	ISCAAA	AAAAxx
+8242	1829	0	2	2	2	42	242	242	3242	8242	84	85	AFAAAA	JSCAAA	HHHHxx
+6351	1830	1	3	1	11	51	351	351	1351	6351	102	103	HKAAAA	KSCAAA	OOOOxx
+5899	1831	1	3	9	19	99	899	1899	899	5899	198	199	XSAAAA	LSCAAA	VVVVxx
+4849	1832	1	1	9	9	49	849	849	4849	4849	98	99	NEAAAA	MSCAAA	AAAAxx
+9583	1833	1	3	3	3	83	583	1583	4583	9583	166	167	PEAAAA	NSCAAA	HHHHxx
+4994	1834	0	2	4	14	94	994	994	4994	4994	188	189	CKAAAA	OSCAAA	OOOOxx
+9787	1835	1	3	7	7	87	787	1787	4787	9787	174	175	LMAAAA	PSCAAA	VVVVxx
+243	1836	1	3	3	3	43	243	243	243	243	86	87	JJAAAA	QSCAAA	AAAAxx
+3931	1837	1	3	1	11	31	931	1931	3931	3931	62	63	FVAAAA	RSCAAA	HHHHxx
+5945	1838	1	1	5	5	45	945	1945	945	5945	90	91	RUAAAA	SSCAAA	OOOOxx
+1325	1839	1	1	5	5	25	325	1325	1325	1325	50	51	ZYAAAA	TSCAAA	VVVVxx
+4142	1840	0	2	2	2	42	142	142	4142	4142	84	85	IDAAAA	USCAAA	AAAAxx
+1963	1841	1	3	3	3	63	963	1963	1963	1963	126	127	NXAAAA	VSCAAA	HHHHxx
+7041	1842	1	1	1	1	41	41	1041	2041	7041	82	83	VKAAAA	WSCAAA	OOOOxx
+3074	1843	0	2	4	14	74	74	1074	3074	3074	148	149	GOAAAA	XSCAAA	VVVVxx
+3290	1844	0	2	0	10	90	290	1290	3290	3290	180	181	OWAAAA	YSCAAA	AAAAxx
+4146	1845	0	2	6	6	46	146	146	4146	4146	92	93	MDAAAA	ZSCAAA	HHHHxx
+3832	1846	0	0	2	12	32	832	1832	3832	3832	64	65	KRAAAA	ATCAAA	OOOOxx
+2217	1847	1	1	7	17	17	217	217	2217	2217	34	35	HHAAAA	BTCAAA	VVVVxx
+635	1848	1	3	5	15	35	635	635	635	635	70	71	LYAAAA	CTCAAA	AAAAxx
+6967	1849	1	3	7	7	67	967	967	1967	6967	134	135	ZHAAAA	DTCAAA	HHHHxx
+3522	1850	0	2	2	2	22	522	1522	3522	3522	44	45	MFAAAA	ETCAAA	OOOOxx
+2471	1851	1	3	1	11	71	471	471	2471	2471	142	143	BRAAAA	FTCAAA	VVVVxx
+4236	1852	0	0	6	16	36	236	236	4236	4236	72	73	YGAAAA	GTCAAA	AAAAxx
+853	1853	1	1	3	13	53	853	853	853	853	106	107	VGAAAA	HTCAAA	HHHHxx
+3754	1854	0	2	4	14	54	754	1754	3754	3754	108	109	KOAAAA	ITCAAA	OOOOxx
+796	1855	0	0	6	16	96	796	796	796	796	192	193	QEAAAA	JTCAAA	VVVVxx
+4640	1856	0	0	0	0	40	640	640	4640	4640	80	81	MWAAAA	KTCAAA	AAAAxx
+9496	1857	0	0	6	16	96	496	1496	4496	9496	192	193	GBAAAA	LTCAAA	HHHHxx
+6873	1858	1	1	3	13	73	873	873	1873	6873	146	147	JEAAAA	MTCAAA	OOOOxx
+4632	1859	0	0	2	12	32	632	632	4632	4632	64	65	EWAAAA	NTCAAA	VVVVxx
+5758	1860	0	2	8	18	58	758	1758	758	5758	116	117	MNAAAA	OTCAAA	AAAAxx
+6514	1861	0	2	4	14	14	514	514	1514	6514	28	29	OQAAAA	PTCAAA	HHHHxx
+9510	1862	0	2	0	10	10	510	1510	4510	9510	20	21	UBAAAA	QTCAAA	OOOOxx
+8411	1863	1	3	1	11	11	411	411	3411	8411	22	23	NLAAAA	RTCAAA	VVVVxx
+7762	1864	0	2	2	2	62	762	1762	2762	7762	124	125	OMAAAA	STCAAA	AAAAxx
+2225	1865	1	1	5	5	25	225	225	2225	2225	50	51	PHAAAA	TTCAAA	HHHHxx
+4373	1866	1	1	3	13	73	373	373	4373	4373	146	147	FMAAAA	UTCAAA	OOOOxx
+7326	1867	0	2	6	6	26	326	1326	2326	7326	52	53	UVAAAA	VTCAAA	VVVVxx
+8651	1868	1	3	1	11	51	651	651	3651	8651	102	103	TUAAAA	WTCAAA	AAAAxx
+9825	1869	1	1	5	5	25	825	1825	4825	9825	50	51	XNAAAA	XTCAAA	HHHHxx
+2988	1870	0	0	8	8	88	988	988	2988	2988	176	177	YKAAAA	YTCAAA	OOOOxx
+8138	1871	0	2	8	18	38	138	138	3138	8138	76	77	ABAAAA	ZTCAAA	VVVVxx
+7792	1872	0	0	2	12	92	792	1792	2792	7792	184	185	SNAAAA	AUCAAA	AAAAxx
+1232	1873	0	0	2	12	32	232	1232	1232	1232	64	65	KVAAAA	BUCAAA	HHHHxx
+8221	1874	1	1	1	1	21	221	221	3221	8221	42	43	FEAAAA	CUCAAA	OOOOxx
+4044	1875	0	0	4	4	44	44	44	4044	4044	88	89	OZAAAA	DUCAAA	VVVVxx
+1204	1876	0	0	4	4	4	204	1204	1204	1204	8	9	IUAAAA	EUCAAA	AAAAxx
+5145	1877	1	1	5	5	45	145	1145	145	5145	90	91	XPAAAA	FUCAAA	HHHHxx
+7791	1878	1	3	1	11	91	791	1791	2791	7791	182	183	RNAAAA	GUCAAA	OOOOxx
+8270	1879	0	2	0	10	70	270	270	3270	8270	140	141	CGAAAA	HUCAAA	VVVVxx
+9427	1880	1	3	7	7	27	427	1427	4427	9427	54	55	PYAAAA	IUCAAA	AAAAxx
+2152	1881	0	0	2	12	52	152	152	2152	2152	104	105	UEAAAA	JUCAAA	HHHHxx
+7790	1882	0	2	0	10	90	790	1790	2790	7790	180	181	QNAAAA	KUCAAA	OOOOxx
+5301	1883	1	1	1	1	1	301	1301	301	5301	2	3	XVAAAA	LUCAAA	VVVVxx
+626	1884	0	2	6	6	26	626	626	626	626	52	53	CYAAAA	MUCAAA	AAAAxx
+260	1885	0	0	0	0	60	260	260	260	260	120	121	AKAAAA	NUCAAA	HHHHxx
+4369	1886	1	1	9	9	69	369	369	4369	4369	138	139	BMAAAA	OUCAAA	OOOOxx
+5457	1887	1	1	7	17	57	457	1457	457	5457	114	115	XBAAAA	PUCAAA	VVVVxx
+3468	1888	0	0	8	8	68	468	1468	3468	3468	136	137	KDAAAA	QUCAAA	AAAAxx
+2257	1889	1	1	7	17	57	257	257	2257	2257	114	115	VIAAAA	RUCAAA	HHHHxx
+9318	1890	0	2	8	18	18	318	1318	4318	9318	36	37	KUAAAA	SUCAAA	OOOOxx
+8762	1891	0	2	2	2	62	762	762	3762	8762	124	125	AZAAAA	TUCAAA	VVVVxx
+9153	1892	1	1	3	13	53	153	1153	4153	9153	106	107	BOAAAA	UUCAAA	AAAAxx
+9220	1893	0	0	0	0	20	220	1220	4220	9220	40	41	QQAAAA	VUCAAA	HHHHxx
+8003	1894	1	3	3	3	3	3	3	3003	8003	6	7	VVAAAA	WUCAAA	OOOOxx
+7257	1895	1	1	7	17	57	257	1257	2257	7257	114	115	DTAAAA	XUCAAA	VVVVxx
+3930	1896	0	2	0	10	30	930	1930	3930	3930	60	61	EVAAAA	YUCAAA	AAAAxx
+2976	1897	0	0	6	16	76	976	976	2976	2976	152	153	MKAAAA	ZUCAAA	HHHHxx
+2531	1898	1	3	1	11	31	531	531	2531	2531	62	63	JTAAAA	AVCAAA	OOOOxx
+2250	1899	0	2	0	10	50	250	250	2250	2250	100	101	OIAAAA	BVCAAA	VVVVxx
+8549	1900	1	1	9	9	49	549	549	3549	8549	98	99	VQAAAA	CVCAAA	AAAAxx
+7197	1901	1	1	7	17	97	197	1197	2197	7197	194	195	VQAAAA	DVCAAA	HHHHxx
+5916	1902	0	0	6	16	16	916	1916	916	5916	32	33	OTAAAA	EVCAAA	OOOOxx
+5287	1903	1	3	7	7	87	287	1287	287	5287	174	175	JVAAAA	FVCAAA	VVVVxx
+9095	1904	1	3	5	15	95	95	1095	4095	9095	190	191	VLAAAA	GVCAAA	AAAAxx
+7137	1905	1	1	7	17	37	137	1137	2137	7137	74	75	NOAAAA	HVCAAA	HHHHxx
+7902	1906	0	2	2	2	2	902	1902	2902	7902	4	5	YRAAAA	IVCAAA	OOOOxx
+7598	1907	0	2	8	18	98	598	1598	2598	7598	196	197	GGAAAA	JVCAAA	VVVVxx
+5652	1908	0	0	2	12	52	652	1652	652	5652	104	105	KJAAAA	KVCAAA	AAAAxx
+2017	1909	1	1	7	17	17	17	17	2017	2017	34	35	PZAAAA	LVCAAA	HHHHxx
+7255	1910	1	3	5	15	55	255	1255	2255	7255	110	111	BTAAAA	MVCAAA	OOOOxx
+7999	1911	1	3	9	19	99	999	1999	2999	7999	198	199	RVAAAA	NVCAAA	VVVVxx
+5388	1912	0	0	8	8	88	388	1388	388	5388	176	177	GZAAAA	OVCAAA	AAAAxx
+8754	1913	0	2	4	14	54	754	754	3754	8754	108	109	SYAAAA	PVCAAA	HHHHxx
+5415	1914	1	3	5	15	15	415	1415	415	5415	30	31	HAAAAA	QVCAAA	OOOOxx
+8861	1915	1	1	1	1	61	861	861	3861	8861	122	123	VCAAAA	RVCAAA	VVVVxx
+2874	1916	0	2	4	14	74	874	874	2874	2874	148	149	OGAAAA	SVCAAA	AAAAxx
+9910	1917	0	2	0	10	10	910	1910	4910	9910	20	21	ERAAAA	TVCAAA	HHHHxx
+5178	1918	0	2	8	18	78	178	1178	178	5178	156	157	ERAAAA	UVCAAA	OOOOxx
+5698	1919	0	2	8	18	98	698	1698	698	5698	196	197	ELAAAA	VVCAAA	VVVVxx
+8500	1920	0	0	0	0	0	500	500	3500	8500	0	1	YOAAAA	WVCAAA	AAAAxx
+1814	1921	0	2	4	14	14	814	1814	1814	1814	28	29	URAAAA	XVCAAA	HHHHxx
+4968	1922	0	0	8	8	68	968	968	4968	4968	136	137	CJAAAA	YVCAAA	OOOOxx
+2642	1923	0	2	2	2	42	642	642	2642	2642	84	85	QXAAAA	ZVCAAA	VVVVxx
+1578	1924	0	2	8	18	78	578	1578	1578	1578	156	157	SIAAAA	AWCAAA	AAAAxx
+4774	1925	0	2	4	14	74	774	774	4774	4774	148	149	QBAAAA	BWCAAA	HHHHxx
+7062	1926	0	2	2	2	62	62	1062	2062	7062	124	125	QLAAAA	CWCAAA	OOOOxx
+5381	1927	1	1	1	1	81	381	1381	381	5381	162	163	ZYAAAA	DWCAAA	VVVVxx
+7985	1928	1	1	5	5	85	985	1985	2985	7985	170	171	DVAAAA	EWCAAA	AAAAxx
+3850	1929	0	2	0	10	50	850	1850	3850	3850	100	101	CSAAAA	FWCAAA	HHHHxx
+5624	1930	0	0	4	4	24	624	1624	624	5624	48	49	IIAAAA	GWCAAA	OOOOxx
+8948	1931	0	0	8	8	48	948	948	3948	8948	96	97	EGAAAA	HWCAAA	VVVVxx
+995	1932	1	3	5	15	95	995	995	995	995	190	191	HMAAAA	IWCAAA	AAAAxx
+5058	1933	0	2	8	18	58	58	1058	58	5058	116	117	OMAAAA	JWCAAA	HHHHxx
+9670	1934	0	2	0	10	70	670	1670	4670	9670	140	141	YHAAAA	KWCAAA	OOOOxx
+3115	1935	1	3	5	15	15	115	1115	3115	3115	30	31	VPAAAA	LWCAAA	VVVVxx
+4935	1936	1	3	5	15	35	935	935	4935	4935	70	71	VHAAAA	MWCAAA	AAAAxx
+4735	1937	1	3	5	15	35	735	735	4735	4735	70	71	DAAAAA	NWCAAA	HHHHxx
+1348	1938	0	0	8	8	48	348	1348	1348	1348	96	97	WZAAAA	OWCAAA	OOOOxx
+2380	1939	0	0	0	0	80	380	380	2380	2380	160	161	ONAAAA	PWCAAA	VVVVxx
+4246	1940	0	2	6	6	46	246	246	4246	4246	92	93	IHAAAA	QWCAAA	AAAAxx
+522	1941	0	2	2	2	22	522	522	522	522	44	45	CUAAAA	RWCAAA	HHHHxx
+1701	1942	1	1	1	1	1	701	1701	1701	1701	2	3	LNAAAA	SWCAAA	OOOOxx
+9709	1943	1	1	9	9	9	709	1709	4709	9709	18	19	LJAAAA	TWCAAA	VVVVxx
+8829	1944	1	1	9	9	29	829	829	3829	8829	58	59	PBAAAA	UWCAAA	AAAAxx
+7936	1945	0	0	6	16	36	936	1936	2936	7936	72	73	GTAAAA	VWCAAA	HHHHxx
+8474	1946	0	2	4	14	74	474	474	3474	8474	148	149	YNAAAA	WWCAAA	OOOOxx
+4676	1947	0	0	6	16	76	676	676	4676	4676	152	153	WXAAAA	XWCAAA	VVVVxx
+6303	1948	1	3	3	3	3	303	303	1303	6303	6	7	LIAAAA	YWCAAA	AAAAxx
+3485	1949	1	1	5	5	85	485	1485	3485	3485	170	171	BEAAAA	ZWCAAA	HHHHxx
+2695	1950	1	3	5	15	95	695	695	2695	2695	190	191	RZAAAA	AXCAAA	OOOOxx
+8830	1951	0	2	0	10	30	830	830	3830	8830	60	61	QBAAAA	BXCAAA	VVVVxx
+898	1952	0	2	8	18	98	898	898	898	898	196	197	OIAAAA	CXCAAA	AAAAxx
+7268	1953	0	0	8	8	68	268	1268	2268	7268	136	137	OTAAAA	DXCAAA	HHHHxx
+6568	1954	0	0	8	8	68	568	568	1568	6568	136	137	QSAAAA	EXCAAA	OOOOxx
+9724	1955	0	0	4	4	24	724	1724	4724	9724	48	49	AKAAAA	FXCAAA	VVVVxx
+3329	1956	1	1	9	9	29	329	1329	3329	3329	58	59	BYAAAA	GXCAAA	AAAAxx
+9860	1957	0	0	0	0	60	860	1860	4860	9860	120	121	GPAAAA	HXCAAA	HHHHxx
+6833	1958	1	1	3	13	33	833	833	1833	6833	66	67	VCAAAA	IXCAAA	OOOOxx
+5956	1959	0	0	6	16	56	956	1956	956	5956	112	113	CVAAAA	JXCAAA	VVVVxx
+3963	1960	1	3	3	3	63	963	1963	3963	3963	126	127	LWAAAA	KXCAAA	AAAAxx
+883	1961	1	3	3	3	83	883	883	883	883	166	167	ZHAAAA	LXCAAA	HHHHxx
+2761	1962	1	1	1	1	61	761	761	2761	2761	122	123	FCAAAA	MXCAAA	OOOOxx
+4644	1963	0	0	4	4	44	644	644	4644	4644	88	89	QWAAAA	NXCAAA	VVVVxx
+1358	1964	0	2	8	18	58	358	1358	1358	1358	116	117	GAAAAA	OXCAAA	AAAAxx
+2049	1965	1	1	9	9	49	49	49	2049	2049	98	99	VAAAAA	PXCAAA	HHHHxx
+2193	1966	1	1	3	13	93	193	193	2193	2193	186	187	JGAAAA	QXCAAA	OOOOxx
+9435	1967	1	3	5	15	35	435	1435	4435	9435	70	71	XYAAAA	RXCAAA	VVVVxx
+5890	1968	0	2	0	10	90	890	1890	890	5890	180	181	OSAAAA	SXCAAA	AAAAxx
+8149	1969	1	1	9	9	49	149	149	3149	8149	98	99	LBAAAA	TXCAAA	HHHHxx
+423	1970	1	3	3	3	23	423	423	423	423	46	47	HQAAAA	UXCAAA	OOOOxx
+7980	1971	0	0	0	0	80	980	1980	2980	7980	160	161	YUAAAA	VXCAAA	VVVVxx
+9019	1972	1	3	9	19	19	19	1019	4019	9019	38	39	XIAAAA	WXCAAA	AAAAxx
+1647	1973	1	3	7	7	47	647	1647	1647	1647	94	95	JLAAAA	XXCAAA	HHHHxx
+9495	1974	1	3	5	15	95	495	1495	4495	9495	190	191	FBAAAA	YXCAAA	OOOOxx
+3904	1975	0	0	4	4	4	904	1904	3904	3904	8	9	EUAAAA	ZXCAAA	VVVVxx
+5838	1976	0	2	8	18	38	838	1838	838	5838	76	77	OQAAAA	AYCAAA	AAAAxx
+3866	1977	0	2	6	6	66	866	1866	3866	3866	132	133	SSAAAA	BYCAAA	HHHHxx
+3093	1978	1	1	3	13	93	93	1093	3093	3093	186	187	ZOAAAA	CYCAAA	OOOOxx
+9666	1979	0	2	6	6	66	666	1666	4666	9666	132	133	UHAAAA	DYCAAA	VVVVxx
+1246	1980	0	2	6	6	46	246	1246	1246	1246	92	93	YVAAAA	EYCAAA	AAAAxx
+9759	1981	1	3	9	19	59	759	1759	4759	9759	118	119	JLAAAA	FYCAAA	HHHHxx
+7174	1982	0	2	4	14	74	174	1174	2174	7174	148	149	YPAAAA	GYCAAA	OOOOxx
+7678	1983	0	2	8	18	78	678	1678	2678	7678	156	157	IJAAAA	HYCAAA	VVVVxx
+3004	1984	0	0	4	4	4	4	1004	3004	3004	8	9	OLAAAA	IYCAAA	AAAAxx
+5607	1985	1	3	7	7	7	607	1607	607	5607	14	15	RHAAAA	JYCAAA	HHHHxx
+8510	1986	0	2	0	10	10	510	510	3510	8510	20	21	IPAAAA	KYCAAA	OOOOxx
+1483	1987	1	3	3	3	83	483	1483	1483	1483	166	167	BFAAAA	LYCAAA	VVVVxx
+2915	1988	1	3	5	15	15	915	915	2915	2915	30	31	DIAAAA	MYCAAA	AAAAxx
+1548	1989	0	0	8	8	48	548	1548	1548	1548	96	97	OHAAAA	NYCAAA	HHHHxx
+5767	1990	1	3	7	7	67	767	1767	767	5767	134	135	VNAAAA	OYCAAA	OOOOxx
+3214	1991	0	2	4	14	14	214	1214	3214	3214	28	29	QTAAAA	PYCAAA	VVVVxx
+8663	1992	1	3	3	3	63	663	663	3663	8663	126	127	FVAAAA	QYCAAA	AAAAxx
+5425	1993	1	1	5	5	25	425	1425	425	5425	50	51	RAAAAA	RYCAAA	HHHHxx
+8530	1994	0	2	0	10	30	530	530	3530	8530	60	61	CQAAAA	SYCAAA	OOOOxx
+821	1995	1	1	1	1	21	821	821	821	821	42	43	PFAAAA	TYCAAA	VVVVxx
+8816	1996	0	0	6	16	16	816	816	3816	8816	32	33	CBAAAA	UYCAAA	AAAAxx
+9367	1997	1	3	7	7	67	367	1367	4367	9367	134	135	HWAAAA	VYCAAA	HHHHxx
+4138	1998	0	2	8	18	38	138	138	4138	4138	76	77	EDAAAA	WYCAAA	OOOOxx
+94	1999	0	2	4	14	94	94	94	94	94	188	189	QDAAAA	XYCAAA	VVVVxx
+1858	2000	0	2	8	18	58	858	1858	1858	1858	116	117	MTAAAA	YYCAAA	AAAAxx
+5513	2001	1	1	3	13	13	513	1513	513	5513	26	27	BEAAAA	ZYCAAA	HHHHxx
+9620	2002	0	0	0	0	20	620	1620	4620	9620	40	41	AGAAAA	AZCAAA	OOOOxx
+4770	2003	0	2	0	10	70	770	770	4770	4770	140	141	MBAAAA	BZCAAA	VVVVxx
+5193	2004	1	1	3	13	93	193	1193	193	5193	186	187	TRAAAA	CZCAAA	AAAAxx
+198	2005	0	2	8	18	98	198	198	198	198	196	197	QHAAAA	DZCAAA	HHHHxx
+417	2006	1	1	7	17	17	417	417	417	417	34	35	BQAAAA	EZCAAA	OOOOxx
+173	2007	1	1	3	13	73	173	173	173	173	146	147	RGAAAA	FZCAAA	VVVVxx
+6248	2008	0	0	8	8	48	248	248	1248	6248	96	97	IGAAAA	GZCAAA	AAAAxx
+302	2009	0	2	2	2	2	302	302	302	302	4	5	QLAAAA	HZCAAA	HHHHxx
+8983	2010	1	3	3	3	83	983	983	3983	8983	166	167	NHAAAA	IZCAAA	OOOOxx
+4840	2011	0	0	0	0	40	840	840	4840	4840	80	81	EEAAAA	JZCAAA	VVVVxx
+2876	2012	0	0	6	16	76	876	876	2876	2876	152	153	QGAAAA	KZCAAA	AAAAxx
+5841	2013	1	1	1	1	41	841	1841	841	5841	82	83	RQAAAA	LZCAAA	HHHHxx
+2766	2014	0	2	6	6	66	766	766	2766	2766	132	133	KCAAAA	MZCAAA	OOOOxx
+9482	2015	0	2	2	2	82	482	1482	4482	9482	164	165	SAAAAA	NZCAAA	VVVVxx
+5335	2016	1	3	5	15	35	335	1335	335	5335	70	71	FXAAAA	OZCAAA	AAAAxx
+1502	2017	0	2	2	2	2	502	1502	1502	1502	4	5	UFAAAA	PZCAAA	HHHHxx
+9291	2018	1	3	1	11	91	291	1291	4291	9291	182	183	JTAAAA	QZCAAA	OOOOxx
+8655	2019	1	3	5	15	55	655	655	3655	8655	110	111	XUAAAA	RZCAAA	VVVVxx
+1687	2020	1	3	7	7	87	687	1687	1687	1687	174	175	XMAAAA	SZCAAA	AAAAxx
+8171	2021	1	3	1	11	71	171	171	3171	8171	142	143	HCAAAA	TZCAAA	HHHHxx
+5699	2022	1	3	9	19	99	699	1699	699	5699	198	199	FLAAAA	UZCAAA	OOOOxx
+1462	2023	0	2	2	2	62	462	1462	1462	1462	124	125	GEAAAA	VZCAAA	VVVVxx
+608	2024	0	0	8	8	8	608	608	608	608	16	17	KXAAAA	WZCAAA	AAAAxx
+6860	2025	0	0	0	0	60	860	860	1860	6860	120	121	WDAAAA	XZCAAA	HHHHxx
+6063	2026	1	3	3	3	63	63	63	1063	6063	126	127	FZAAAA	YZCAAA	OOOOxx
+1422	2027	0	2	2	2	22	422	1422	1422	1422	44	45	SCAAAA	ZZCAAA	VVVVxx
+1932	2028	0	0	2	12	32	932	1932	1932	1932	64	65	IWAAAA	AADAAA	AAAAxx
+5065	2029	1	1	5	5	65	65	1065	65	5065	130	131	VMAAAA	BADAAA	HHHHxx
+432	2030	0	0	2	12	32	432	432	432	432	64	65	QQAAAA	CADAAA	OOOOxx
+4680	2031	0	0	0	0	80	680	680	4680	4680	160	161	AYAAAA	DADAAA	VVVVxx
+8172	2032	0	0	2	12	72	172	172	3172	8172	144	145	ICAAAA	EADAAA	AAAAxx
+8668	2033	0	0	8	8	68	668	668	3668	8668	136	137	KVAAAA	FADAAA	HHHHxx
+256	2034	0	0	6	16	56	256	256	256	256	112	113	WJAAAA	GADAAA	OOOOxx
+2500	2035	0	0	0	0	0	500	500	2500	2500	0	1	ESAAAA	HADAAA	VVVVxx
+274	2036	0	2	4	14	74	274	274	274	274	148	149	OKAAAA	IADAAA	AAAAxx
+5907	2037	1	3	7	7	7	907	1907	907	5907	14	15	FTAAAA	JADAAA	HHHHxx
+8587	2038	1	3	7	7	87	587	587	3587	8587	174	175	HSAAAA	KADAAA	OOOOxx
+9942	2039	0	2	2	2	42	942	1942	4942	9942	84	85	KSAAAA	LADAAA	VVVVxx
+116	2040	0	0	6	16	16	116	116	116	116	32	33	MEAAAA	MADAAA	AAAAxx
+7134	2041	0	2	4	14	34	134	1134	2134	7134	68	69	KOAAAA	NADAAA	HHHHxx
+9002	2042	0	2	2	2	2	2	1002	4002	9002	4	5	GIAAAA	OADAAA	OOOOxx
+1209	2043	1	1	9	9	9	209	1209	1209	1209	18	19	NUAAAA	PADAAA	VVVVxx
+9983	2044	1	3	3	3	83	983	1983	4983	9983	166	167	ZTAAAA	QADAAA	AAAAxx
+1761	2045	1	1	1	1	61	761	1761	1761	1761	122	123	TPAAAA	RADAAA	HHHHxx
+7723	2046	1	3	3	3	23	723	1723	2723	7723	46	47	BLAAAA	SADAAA	OOOOxx
+6518	2047	0	2	8	18	18	518	518	1518	6518	36	37	SQAAAA	TADAAA	VVVVxx
+1372	2048	0	0	2	12	72	372	1372	1372	1372	144	145	UAAAAA	UADAAA	AAAAxx
+3587	2049	1	3	7	7	87	587	1587	3587	3587	174	175	ZHAAAA	VADAAA	HHHHxx
+5323	2050	1	3	3	3	23	323	1323	323	5323	46	47	TWAAAA	WADAAA	OOOOxx
+5902	2051	0	2	2	2	2	902	1902	902	5902	4	5	ATAAAA	XADAAA	VVVVxx
+3749	2052	1	1	9	9	49	749	1749	3749	3749	98	99	FOAAAA	YADAAA	AAAAxx
+5965	2053	1	1	5	5	65	965	1965	965	5965	130	131	LVAAAA	ZADAAA	HHHHxx
+663	2054	1	3	3	3	63	663	663	663	663	126	127	NZAAAA	ABDAAA	OOOOxx
+36	2055	0	0	6	16	36	36	36	36	36	72	73	KBAAAA	BBDAAA	VVVVxx
+9782	2056	0	2	2	2	82	782	1782	4782	9782	164	165	GMAAAA	CBDAAA	AAAAxx
+5412	2057	0	0	2	12	12	412	1412	412	5412	24	25	EAAAAA	DBDAAA	HHHHxx
+9961	2058	1	1	1	1	61	961	1961	4961	9961	122	123	DTAAAA	EBDAAA	OOOOxx
+6492	2059	0	0	2	12	92	492	492	1492	6492	184	185	SPAAAA	FBDAAA	VVVVxx
+4234	2060	0	2	4	14	34	234	234	4234	4234	68	69	WGAAAA	GBDAAA	AAAAxx
+4922	2061	0	2	2	2	22	922	922	4922	4922	44	45	IHAAAA	HBDAAA	HHHHxx
+6166	2062	0	2	6	6	66	166	166	1166	6166	132	133	EDAAAA	IBDAAA	OOOOxx
+7019	2063	1	3	9	19	19	19	1019	2019	7019	38	39	ZJAAAA	JBDAAA	VVVVxx
+7805	2064	1	1	5	5	5	805	1805	2805	7805	10	11	FOAAAA	KBDAAA	AAAAxx
+9808	2065	0	0	8	8	8	808	1808	4808	9808	16	17	GNAAAA	LBDAAA	HHHHxx
+2550	2066	0	2	0	10	50	550	550	2550	2550	100	101	CUAAAA	MBDAAA	OOOOxx
+8626	2067	0	2	6	6	26	626	626	3626	8626	52	53	UTAAAA	NBDAAA	VVVVxx
+5649	2068	1	1	9	9	49	649	1649	649	5649	98	99	HJAAAA	OBDAAA	AAAAxx
+3117	2069	1	1	7	17	17	117	1117	3117	3117	34	35	XPAAAA	PBDAAA	HHHHxx
+866	2070	0	2	6	6	66	866	866	866	866	132	133	IHAAAA	QBDAAA	OOOOxx
+2323	2071	1	3	3	3	23	323	323	2323	2323	46	47	JLAAAA	RBDAAA	VVVVxx
+5132	2072	0	0	2	12	32	132	1132	132	5132	64	65	KPAAAA	SBDAAA	AAAAxx
+9222	2073	0	2	2	2	22	222	1222	4222	9222	44	45	SQAAAA	TBDAAA	HHHHxx
+3934	2074	0	2	4	14	34	934	1934	3934	3934	68	69	IVAAAA	UBDAAA	OOOOxx
+4845	2075	1	1	5	5	45	845	845	4845	4845	90	91	JEAAAA	VBDAAA	VVVVxx
+7714	2076	0	2	4	14	14	714	1714	2714	7714	28	29	SKAAAA	WBDAAA	AAAAxx
+9818	2077	0	2	8	18	18	818	1818	4818	9818	36	37	QNAAAA	XBDAAA	HHHHxx
+2219	2078	1	3	9	19	19	219	219	2219	2219	38	39	JHAAAA	YBDAAA	OOOOxx
+6573	2079	1	1	3	13	73	573	573	1573	6573	146	147	VSAAAA	ZBDAAA	VVVVxx
+4555	2080	1	3	5	15	55	555	555	4555	4555	110	111	FTAAAA	ACDAAA	AAAAxx
+7306	2081	0	2	6	6	6	306	1306	2306	7306	12	13	AVAAAA	BCDAAA	HHHHxx
+9313	2082	1	1	3	13	13	313	1313	4313	9313	26	27	FUAAAA	CCDAAA	OOOOxx
+3924	2083	0	0	4	4	24	924	1924	3924	3924	48	49	YUAAAA	DCDAAA	VVVVxx
+5176	2084	0	0	6	16	76	176	1176	176	5176	152	153	CRAAAA	ECDAAA	AAAAxx
+9767	2085	1	3	7	7	67	767	1767	4767	9767	134	135	RLAAAA	FCDAAA	HHHHxx
+905	2086	1	1	5	5	5	905	905	905	905	10	11	VIAAAA	GCDAAA	OOOOxx
+8037	2087	1	1	7	17	37	37	37	3037	8037	74	75	DXAAAA	HCDAAA	VVVVxx
+8133	2088	1	1	3	13	33	133	133	3133	8133	66	67	VAAAAA	ICDAAA	AAAAxx
+2954	2089	0	2	4	14	54	954	954	2954	2954	108	109	QJAAAA	JCDAAA	HHHHxx
+7262	2090	0	2	2	2	62	262	1262	2262	7262	124	125	ITAAAA	KCDAAA	OOOOxx
+8768	2091	0	0	8	8	68	768	768	3768	8768	136	137	GZAAAA	LCDAAA	VVVVxx
+6953	2092	1	1	3	13	53	953	953	1953	6953	106	107	LHAAAA	MCDAAA	AAAAxx
+1984	2093	0	0	4	4	84	984	1984	1984	1984	168	169	IYAAAA	NCDAAA	HHHHxx
+9348	2094	0	0	8	8	48	348	1348	4348	9348	96	97	OVAAAA	OCDAAA	OOOOxx
+7769	2095	1	1	9	9	69	769	1769	2769	7769	138	139	VMAAAA	PCDAAA	VVVVxx
+2994	2096	0	2	4	14	94	994	994	2994	2994	188	189	ELAAAA	QCDAAA	AAAAxx
+5938	2097	0	2	8	18	38	938	1938	938	5938	76	77	KUAAAA	RCDAAA	HHHHxx
+556	2098	0	0	6	16	56	556	556	556	556	112	113	KVAAAA	SCDAAA	OOOOxx
+2577	2099	1	1	7	17	77	577	577	2577	2577	154	155	DVAAAA	TCDAAA	VVVVxx
+8733	2100	1	1	3	13	33	733	733	3733	8733	66	67	XXAAAA	UCDAAA	AAAAxx
+3108	2101	0	0	8	8	8	108	1108	3108	3108	16	17	OPAAAA	VCDAAA	HHHHxx
+4166	2102	0	2	6	6	66	166	166	4166	4166	132	133	GEAAAA	WCDAAA	OOOOxx
+3170	2103	0	2	0	10	70	170	1170	3170	3170	140	141	YRAAAA	XCDAAA	VVVVxx
+8118	2104	0	2	8	18	18	118	118	3118	8118	36	37	GAAAAA	YCDAAA	AAAAxx
+8454	2105	0	2	4	14	54	454	454	3454	8454	108	109	ENAAAA	ZCDAAA	HHHHxx
+5338	2106	0	2	8	18	38	338	1338	338	5338	76	77	IXAAAA	ADDAAA	OOOOxx
+402	2107	0	2	2	2	2	402	402	402	402	4	5	MPAAAA	BDDAAA	VVVVxx
+5673	2108	1	1	3	13	73	673	1673	673	5673	146	147	FKAAAA	CDDAAA	AAAAxx
+4324	2109	0	0	4	4	24	324	324	4324	4324	48	49	IKAAAA	DDDAAA	HHHHxx
+1943	2110	1	3	3	3	43	943	1943	1943	1943	86	87	TWAAAA	EDDAAA	OOOOxx
+7703	2111	1	3	3	3	3	703	1703	2703	7703	6	7	HKAAAA	FDDAAA	VVVVxx
+7180	2112	0	0	0	0	80	180	1180	2180	7180	160	161	EQAAAA	GDDAAA	AAAAxx
+5478	2113	0	2	8	18	78	478	1478	478	5478	156	157	SCAAAA	HDDAAA	HHHHxx
+5775	2114	1	3	5	15	75	775	1775	775	5775	150	151	DOAAAA	IDDAAA	OOOOxx
+6952	2115	0	0	2	12	52	952	952	1952	6952	104	105	KHAAAA	JDDAAA	VVVVxx
+9022	2116	0	2	2	2	22	22	1022	4022	9022	44	45	AJAAAA	KDDAAA	AAAAxx
+547	2117	1	3	7	7	47	547	547	547	547	94	95	BVAAAA	LDDAAA	HHHHxx
+5877	2118	1	1	7	17	77	877	1877	877	5877	154	155	BSAAAA	MDDAAA	OOOOxx
+9580	2119	0	0	0	0	80	580	1580	4580	9580	160	161	MEAAAA	NDDAAA	VVVVxx
+6094	2120	0	2	4	14	94	94	94	1094	6094	188	189	KAAAAA	ODDAAA	AAAAxx
+3398	2121	0	2	8	18	98	398	1398	3398	3398	196	197	SAAAAA	PDDAAA	HHHHxx
+4574	2122	0	2	4	14	74	574	574	4574	4574	148	149	YTAAAA	QDDAAA	OOOOxx
+3675	2123	1	3	5	15	75	675	1675	3675	3675	150	151	JLAAAA	RDDAAA	VVVVxx
+6413	2124	1	1	3	13	13	413	413	1413	6413	26	27	RMAAAA	SDDAAA	AAAAxx
+9851	2125	1	3	1	11	51	851	1851	4851	9851	102	103	XOAAAA	TDDAAA	HHHHxx
+126	2126	0	2	6	6	26	126	126	126	126	52	53	WEAAAA	UDDAAA	OOOOxx
+6803	2127	1	3	3	3	3	803	803	1803	6803	6	7	RBAAAA	VDDAAA	VVVVxx
+6949	2128	1	1	9	9	49	949	949	1949	6949	98	99	HHAAAA	WDDAAA	AAAAxx
+115	2129	1	3	5	15	15	115	115	115	115	30	31	LEAAAA	XDDAAA	HHHHxx
+4165	2130	1	1	5	5	65	165	165	4165	4165	130	131	FEAAAA	YDDAAA	OOOOxx
+201	2131	1	1	1	1	1	201	201	201	201	2	3	THAAAA	ZDDAAA	VVVVxx
+9324	2132	0	0	4	4	24	324	1324	4324	9324	48	49	QUAAAA	AEDAAA	AAAAxx
+6562	2133	0	2	2	2	62	562	562	1562	6562	124	125	KSAAAA	BEDAAA	HHHHxx
+1917	2134	1	1	7	17	17	917	1917	1917	1917	34	35	TVAAAA	CEDAAA	OOOOxx
+558	2135	0	2	8	18	58	558	558	558	558	116	117	MVAAAA	DEDAAA	VVVVxx
+8515	2136	1	3	5	15	15	515	515	3515	8515	30	31	NPAAAA	EEDAAA	AAAAxx
+6321	2137	1	1	1	1	21	321	321	1321	6321	42	43	DJAAAA	FEDAAA	HHHHxx
+6892	2138	0	0	2	12	92	892	892	1892	6892	184	185	CFAAAA	GEDAAA	OOOOxx
+1001	2139	1	1	1	1	1	1	1001	1001	1001	2	3	NMAAAA	HEDAAA	VVVVxx
+2858	2140	0	2	8	18	58	858	858	2858	2858	116	117	YFAAAA	IEDAAA	AAAAxx
+2434	2141	0	2	4	14	34	434	434	2434	2434	68	69	QPAAAA	JEDAAA	HHHHxx
+4460	2142	0	0	0	0	60	460	460	4460	4460	120	121	OPAAAA	KEDAAA	OOOOxx
+5447	2143	1	3	7	7	47	447	1447	447	5447	94	95	NBAAAA	LEDAAA	VVVVxx
+3799	2144	1	3	9	19	99	799	1799	3799	3799	198	199	DQAAAA	MEDAAA	AAAAxx
+4310	2145	0	2	0	10	10	310	310	4310	4310	20	21	UJAAAA	NEDAAA	HHHHxx
+405	2146	1	1	5	5	5	405	405	405	405	10	11	PPAAAA	OEDAAA	OOOOxx
+4573	2147	1	1	3	13	73	573	573	4573	4573	146	147	XTAAAA	PEDAAA	VVVVxx
+706	2148	0	2	6	6	6	706	706	706	706	12	13	EBAAAA	QEDAAA	AAAAxx
+7619	2149	1	3	9	19	19	619	1619	2619	7619	38	39	BHAAAA	REDAAA	HHHHxx
+7959	2150	1	3	9	19	59	959	1959	2959	7959	118	119	DUAAAA	SEDAAA	OOOOxx
+6712	2151	0	0	2	12	12	712	712	1712	6712	24	25	EYAAAA	TEDAAA	VVVVxx
+6959	2152	1	3	9	19	59	959	959	1959	6959	118	119	RHAAAA	UEDAAA	AAAAxx
+9791	2153	1	3	1	11	91	791	1791	4791	9791	182	183	PMAAAA	VEDAAA	HHHHxx
+2112	2154	0	0	2	12	12	112	112	2112	2112	24	25	GDAAAA	WEDAAA	OOOOxx
+9114	2155	0	2	4	14	14	114	1114	4114	9114	28	29	OMAAAA	XEDAAA	VVVVxx
+3506	2156	0	2	6	6	6	506	1506	3506	3506	12	13	WEAAAA	YEDAAA	AAAAxx
+5002	2157	0	2	2	2	2	2	1002	2	5002	4	5	KKAAAA	ZEDAAA	HHHHxx
+3518	2158	0	2	8	18	18	518	1518	3518	3518	36	37	IFAAAA	AFDAAA	OOOOxx
+602	2159	0	2	2	2	2	602	602	602	602	4	5	EXAAAA	BFDAAA	VVVVxx
+9060	2160	0	0	0	0	60	60	1060	4060	9060	120	121	MKAAAA	CFDAAA	AAAAxx
+3292	2161	0	0	2	12	92	292	1292	3292	3292	184	185	QWAAAA	DFDAAA	HHHHxx
+77	2162	1	1	7	17	77	77	77	77	77	154	155	ZCAAAA	EFDAAA	OOOOxx
+1420	2163	0	0	0	0	20	420	1420	1420	1420	40	41	QCAAAA	FFDAAA	VVVVxx
+6001	2164	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1001	6001	2	3	VWAAAA	GFDAAA	AAAAxx
+7477	2165	1	1	7	17	77	477	1477	2477	7477	154	155	PBAAAA	HFDAAA	HHHHxx
+6655	2166	1	3	5	15	55	655	655	1655	6655	110	111	ZVAAAA	IFDAAA	OOOOxx
+7845	2167	1	1	5	5	45	845	1845	2845	7845	90	91	TPAAAA	JFDAAA	VVVVxx
+8484	2168	0	0	4	4	84	484	484	3484	8484	168	169	IOAAAA	KFDAAA	AAAAxx
+4345	2169	1	1	5	5	45	345	345	4345	4345	90	91	DLAAAA	LFDAAA	HHHHxx
+4250	2170	0	2	0	10	50	250	250	4250	4250	100	101	MHAAAA	MFDAAA	OOOOxx
+2391	2171	1	3	1	11	91	391	391	2391	2391	182	183	ZNAAAA	NFDAAA	VVVVxx
+6884	2172	0	0	4	4	84	884	884	1884	6884	168	169	UEAAAA	OFDAAA	AAAAxx
+7270	2173	0	2	0	10	70	270	1270	2270	7270	140	141	QTAAAA	PFDAAA	HHHHxx
+2499	2174	1	3	9	19	99	499	499	2499	2499	198	199	DSAAAA	QFDAAA	OOOOxx
+7312	2175	0	0	2	12	12	312	1312	2312	7312	24	25	GVAAAA	RFDAAA	VVVVxx
+7113	2176	1	1	3	13	13	113	1113	2113	7113	26	27	PNAAAA	SFDAAA	AAAAxx
+6695	2177	1	3	5	15	95	695	695	1695	6695	190	191	NXAAAA	TFDAAA	HHHHxx
+6521	2178	1	1	1	1	21	521	521	1521	6521	42	43	VQAAAA	UFDAAA	OOOOxx
+272	2179	0	0	2	12	72	272	272	272	272	144	145	MKAAAA	VFDAAA	VVVVxx
+9976	2180	0	0	6	16	76	976	1976	4976	9976	152	153	STAAAA	WFDAAA	AAAAxx
+992	2181	0	0	2	12	92	992	992	992	992	184	185	EMAAAA	XFDAAA	HHHHxx
+6158	2182	0	2	8	18	58	158	158	1158	6158	116	117	WCAAAA	YFDAAA	OOOOxx
+3281	2183	1	1	1	1	81	281	1281	3281	3281	162	163	FWAAAA	ZFDAAA	VVVVxx
+7446	2184	0	2	6	6	46	446	1446	2446	7446	92	93	KAAAAA	AGDAAA	AAAAxx
+4679	2185	1	3	9	19	79	679	679	4679	4679	158	159	ZXAAAA	BGDAAA	HHHHxx
+5203	2186	1	3	3	3	3	203	1203	203	5203	6	7	DSAAAA	CGDAAA	OOOOxx
+9874	2187	0	2	4	14	74	874	1874	4874	9874	148	149	UPAAAA	DGDAAA	VVVVxx
+8371	2188	1	3	1	11	71	371	371	3371	8371	142	143	ZJAAAA	EGDAAA	AAAAxx
+9086	2189	0	2	6	6	86	86	1086	4086	9086	172	173	MLAAAA	FGDAAA	HHHHxx
+430	2190	0	2	0	10	30	430	430	430	430	60	61	OQAAAA	GGDAAA	OOOOxx
+8749	2191	1	1	9	9	49	749	749	3749	8749	98	99	NYAAAA	HGDAAA	VVVVxx
+577	2192	1	1	7	17	77	577	577	577	577	154	155	FWAAAA	IGDAAA	AAAAxx
+4884	2193	0	0	4	4	84	884	884	4884	4884	168	169	WFAAAA	JGDAAA	HHHHxx
+3421	2194	1	1	1	1	21	421	1421	3421	3421	42	43	PBAAAA	KGDAAA	OOOOxx
+2812	2195	0	0	2	12	12	812	812	2812	2812	24	25	EEAAAA	LGDAAA	VVVVxx
+5958	2196	0	2	8	18	58	958	1958	958	5958	116	117	EVAAAA	MGDAAA	AAAAxx
+9901	2197	1	1	1	1	1	901	1901	4901	9901	2	3	VQAAAA	NGDAAA	HHHHxx
+8478	2198	0	2	8	18	78	478	478	3478	8478	156	157	COAAAA	OGDAAA	OOOOxx
+6545	2199	1	1	5	5	45	545	545	1545	6545	90	91	TRAAAA	PGDAAA	VVVVxx
+1479	2200	1	3	9	19	79	479	1479	1479	1479	158	159	XEAAAA	QGDAAA	AAAAxx
+1046	2201	0	2	6	6	46	46	1046	1046	1046	92	93	GOAAAA	RGDAAA	HHHHxx
+6372	2202	0	0	2	12	72	372	372	1372	6372	144	145	CLAAAA	SGDAAA	OOOOxx
+8206	2203	0	2	6	6	6	206	206	3206	8206	12	13	QDAAAA	TGDAAA	VVVVxx
+9544	2204	0	0	4	4	44	544	1544	4544	9544	88	89	CDAAAA	UGDAAA	AAAAxx
+9287	2205	1	3	7	7	87	287	1287	4287	9287	174	175	FTAAAA	VGDAAA	HHHHxx
+6786	2206	0	2	6	6	86	786	786	1786	6786	172	173	ABAAAA	WGDAAA	OOOOxx
+6511	2207	1	3	1	11	11	511	511	1511	6511	22	23	LQAAAA	XGDAAA	VVVVxx
+603	2208	1	3	3	3	3	603	603	603	603	6	7	FXAAAA	YGDAAA	AAAAxx
+2022	2209	0	2	2	2	22	22	22	2022	2022	44	45	UZAAAA	ZGDAAA	HHHHxx
+2086	2210	0	2	6	6	86	86	86	2086	2086	172	173	GCAAAA	AHDAAA	OOOOxx
+1969	2211	1	1	9	9	69	969	1969	1969	1969	138	139	TXAAAA	BHDAAA	VVVVxx
+4841	2212	1	1	1	1	41	841	841	4841	4841	82	83	FEAAAA	CHDAAA	AAAAxx
+5845	2213	1	1	5	5	45	845	1845	845	5845	90	91	VQAAAA	DHDAAA	HHHHxx
+4635	2214	1	3	5	15	35	635	635	4635	4635	70	71	HWAAAA	EHDAAA	OOOOxx
+4658	2215	0	2	8	18	58	658	658	4658	4658	116	117	EXAAAA	FHDAAA	VVVVxx
+2896	2216	0	0	6	16	96	896	896	2896	2896	192	193	KHAAAA	GHDAAA	AAAAxx
+5179	2217	1	3	9	19	79	179	1179	179	5179	158	159	FRAAAA	HHDAAA	HHHHxx
+8667	2218	1	3	7	7	67	667	667	3667	8667	134	135	JVAAAA	IHDAAA	OOOOxx
+7294	2219	0	2	4	14	94	294	1294	2294	7294	188	189	OUAAAA	JHDAAA	VVVVxx
+3706	2220	0	2	6	6	6	706	1706	3706	3706	12	13	OMAAAA	KHDAAA	AAAAxx
+8389	2221	1	1	9	9	89	389	389	3389	8389	178	179	RKAAAA	LHDAAA	HHHHxx
+2486	2222	0	2	6	6	86	486	486	2486	2486	172	173	QRAAAA	MHDAAA	OOOOxx
+8743	2223	1	3	3	3	43	743	743	3743	8743	86	87	HYAAAA	NHDAAA	VVVVxx
+2777	2224	1	1	7	17	77	777	777	2777	2777	154	155	VCAAAA	OHDAAA	AAAAxx
+2113	2225	1	1	3	13	13	113	113	2113	2113	26	27	HDAAAA	PHDAAA	HHHHxx
+2076	2226	0	0	6	16	76	76	76	2076	2076	152	153	WBAAAA	QHDAAA	OOOOxx
+2300	2227	0	0	0	0	0	300	300	2300	2300	0	1	MKAAAA	RHDAAA	VVVVxx
+6894	2228	0	2	4	14	94	894	894	1894	6894	188	189	EFAAAA	SHDAAA	AAAAxx
+6939	2229	1	3	9	19	39	939	939	1939	6939	78	79	XGAAAA	THDAAA	HHHHxx
+446	2230	0	2	6	6	46	446	446	446	446	92	93	ERAAAA	UHDAAA	OOOOxx
+6218	2231	0	2	8	18	18	218	218	1218	6218	36	37	EFAAAA	VHDAAA	VVVVxx
+1295	2232	1	3	5	15	95	295	1295	1295	1295	190	191	VXAAAA	WHDAAA	AAAAxx
+5135	2233	1	3	5	15	35	135	1135	135	5135	70	71	NPAAAA	XHDAAA	HHHHxx
+8122	2234	0	2	2	2	22	122	122	3122	8122	44	45	KAAAAA	YHDAAA	OOOOxx
+316	2235	0	0	6	16	16	316	316	316	316	32	33	EMAAAA	ZHDAAA	VVVVxx
+514	2236	0	2	4	14	14	514	514	514	514	28	29	UTAAAA	AIDAAA	AAAAxx
+7970	2237	0	2	0	10	70	970	1970	2970	7970	140	141	OUAAAA	BIDAAA	HHHHxx
+9350	2238	0	2	0	10	50	350	1350	4350	9350	100	101	QVAAAA	CIDAAA	OOOOxx
+3700	2239	0	0	0	0	0	700	1700	3700	3700	0	1	IMAAAA	DIDAAA	VVVVxx
+582	2240	0	2	2	2	82	582	582	582	582	164	165	KWAAAA	EIDAAA	AAAAxx
+9722	2241	0	2	2	2	22	722	1722	4722	9722	44	45	YJAAAA	FIDAAA	HHHHxx
+7398	2242	0	2	8	18	98	398	1398	2398	7398	196	197	OYAAAA	GIDAAA	OOOOxx
+2265	2243	1	1	5	5	65	265	265	2265	2265	130	131	DJAAAA	HIDAAA	VVVVxx
+3049	2244	1	1	9	9	49	49	1049	3049	3049	98	99	HNAAAA	IIDAAA	AAAAxx
+9121	2245	1	1	1	1	21	121	1121	4121	9121	42	43	VMAAAA	JIDAAA	HHHHxx
+4275	2246	1	3	5	15	75	275	275	4275	4275	150	151	LIAAAA	KIDAAA	OOOOxx
+6567	2247	1	3	7	7	67	567	567	1567	6567	134	135	PSAAAA	LIDAAA	VVVVxx
+6755	2248	1	3	5	15	55	755	755	1755	6755	110	111	VZAAAA	MIDAAA	AAAAxx
+4535	2249	1	3	5	15	35	535	535	4535	4535	70	71	LSAAAA	NIDAAA	HHHHxx
+7968	2250	0	0	8	8	68	968	1968	2968	7968	136	137	MUAAAA	OIDAAA	OOOOxx
+3412	2251	0	0	2	12	12	412	1412	3412	3412	24	25	GBAAAA	PIDAAA	VVVVxx
+6112	2252	0	0	2	12	12	112	112	1112	6112	24	25	CBAAAA	QIDAAA	AAAAxx
+6805	2253	1	1	5	5	5	805	805	1805	6805	10	11	TBAAAA	RIDAAA	HHHHxx
+2880	2254	0	0	0	0	80	880	880	2880	2880	160	161	UGAAAA	SIDAAA	OOOOxx
+7710	2255	0	2	0	10	10	710	1710	2710	7710	20	21	OKAAAA	TIDAAA	VVVVxx
+7949	2256	1	1	9	9	49	949	1949	2949	7949	98	99	TTAAAA	UIDAAA	AAAAxx
+7043	2257	1	3	3	3	43	43	1043	2043	7043	86	87	XKAAAA	VIDAAA	HHHHxx
+9012	2258	0	0	2	12	12	12	1012	4012	9012	24	25	QIAAAA	WIDAAA	OOOOxx
+878	2259	0	2	8	18	78	878	878	878	878	156	157	UHAAAA	XIDAAA	VVVVxx
+7930	2260	0	2	0	10	30	930	1930	2930	7930	60	61	ATAAAA	YIDAAA	AAAAxx
+667	2261	1	3	7	7	67	667	667	667	667	134	135	RZAAAA	ZIDAAA	HHHHxx
+1905	2262	1	1	5	5	5	905	1905	1905	1905	10	11	HVAAAA	AJDAAA	OOOOxx
+4958	2263	0	2	8	18	58	958	958	4958	4958	116	117	SIAAAA	BJDAAA	VVVVxx
+2973	2264	1	1	3	13	73	973	973	2973	2973	146	147	JKAAAA	CJDAAA	AAAAxx
+3631	2265	1	3	1	11	31	631	1631	3631	3631	62	63	RJAAAA	DJDAAA	HHHHxx
+5868	2266	0	0	8	8	68	868	1868	868	5868	136	137	SRAAAA	EJDAAA	OOOOxx
+2873	2267	1	1	3	13	73	873	873	2873	2873	146	147	NGAAAA	FJDAAA	VVVVxx
+6941	2268	1	1	1	1	41	941	941	1941	6941	82	83	ZGAAAA	GJDAAA	AAAAxx
+6384	2269	0	0	4	4	84	384	384	1384	6384	168	169	OLAAAA	HJDAAA	HHHHxx
+3806	2270	0	2	6	6	6	806	1806	3806	3806	12	13	KQAAAA	IJDAAA	OOOOxx
+5079	2271	1	3	9	19	79	79	1079	79	5079	158	159	JNAAAA	JJDAAA	VVVVxx
+1970	2272	0	2	0	10	70	970	1970	1970	1970	140	141	UXAAAA	KJDAAA	AAAAxx
+7810	2273	0	2	0	10	10	810	1810	2810	7810	20	21	KOAAAA	LJDAAA	HHHHxx
+4639	2274	1	3	9	19	39	639	639	4639	4639	78	79	LWAAAA	MJDAAA	OOOOxx
+6527	2275	1	3	7	7	27	527	527	1527	6527	54	55	BRAAAA	NJDAAA	VVVVxx
+8079	2276	1	3	9	19	79	79	79	3079	8079	158	159	TYAAAA	OJDAAA	AAAAxx
+2740	2277	0	0	0	0	40	740	740	2740	2740	80	81	KBAAAA	PJDAAA	HHHHxx
+2337	2278	1	1	7	17	37	337	337	2337	2337	74	75	XLAAAA	QJDAAA	OOOOxx
+6670	2279	0	2	0	10	70	670	670	1670	6670	140	141	OWAAAA	RJDAAA	VVVVxx
+2345	2280	1	1	5	5	45	345	345	2345	2345	90	91	FMAAAA	SJDAAA	AAAAxx
+401	2281	1	1	1	1	1	401	401	401	401	2	3	LPAAAA	TJDAAA	HHHHxx
+2704	2282	0	0	4	4	4	704	704	2704	2704	8	9	AAAAAA	UJDAAA	OOOOxx
+5530	2283	0	2	0	10	30	530	1530	530	5530	60	61	SEAAAA	VJDAAA	VVVVxx
+51	2284	1	3	1	11	51	51	51	51	51	102	103	ZBAAAA	WJDAAA	AAAAxx
+4282	2285	0	2	2	2	82	282	282	4282	4282	164	165	SIAAAA	XJDAAA	HHHHxx
+7336	2286	0	0	6	16	36	336	1336	2336	7336	72	73	EWAAAA	YJDAAA	OOOOxx
+8320	2287	0	0	0	0	20	320	320	3320	8320	40	41	AIAAAA	ZJDAAA	VVVVxx
+7772	2288	0	0	2	12	72	772	1772	2772	7772	144	145	YMAAAA	AKDAAA	AAAAxx
+1894	2289	0	2	4	14	94	894	1894	1894	1894	188	189	WUAAAA	BKDAAA	HHHHxx
+2320	2290	0	0	0	0	20	320	320	2320	2320	40	41	GLAAAA	CKDAAA	OOOOxx
+6232	2291	0	0	2	12	32	232	232	1232	6232	64	65	SFAAAA	DKDAAA	VVVVxx
+2833	2292	1	1	3	13	33	833	833	2833	2833	66	67	ZEAAAA	EKDAAA	AAAAxx
+8265	2293	1	1	5	5	65	265	265	3265	8265	130	131	XFAAAA	FKDAAA	HHHHxx
+4589	2294	1	1	9	9	89	589	589	4589	4589	178	179	NUAAAA	GKDAAA	OOOOxx
+8182	2295	0	2	2	2	82	182	182	3182	8182	164	165	SCAAAA	HKDAAA	VVVVxx
+8337	2296	1	1	7	17	37	337	337	3337	8337	74	75	RIAAAA	IKDAAA	AAAAxx
+8210	2297	0	2	0	10	10	210	210	3210	8210	20	21	UDAAAA	JKDAAA	HHHHxx
+1406	2298	0	2	6	6	6	406	1406	1406	1406	12	13	CCAAAA	KKDAAA	OOOOxx
+4463	2299	1	3	3	3	63	463	463	4463	4463	126	127	RPAAAA	LKDAAA	VVVVxx
+4347	2300	1	3	7	7	47	347	347	4347	4347	94	95	FLAAAA	MKDAAA	AAAAxx
+181	2301	1	1	1	1	81	181	181	181	181	162	163	ZGAAAA	NKDAAA	HHHHxx
+9986	2302	0	2	6	6	86	986	1986	4986	9986	172	173	CUAAAA	OKDAAA	OOOOxx
+661	2303	1	1	1	1	61	661	661	661	661	122	123	LZAAAA	PKDAAA	VVVVxx
+4105	2304	1	1	5	5	5	105	105	4105	4105	10	11	XBAAAA	QKDAAA	AAAAxx
+2187	2305	1	3	7	7	87	187	187	2187	2187	174	175	DGAAAA	RKDAAA	HHHHxx
+1628	2306	0	0	8	8	28	628	1628	1628	1628	56	57	QKAAAA	SKDAAA	OOOOxx
+3119	2307	1	3	9	19	19	119	1119	3119	3119	38	39	ZPAAAA	TKDAAA	VVVVxx
+6804	2308	0	0	4	4	4	804	804	1804	6804	8	9	SBAAAA	UKDAAA	AAAAxx
+9918	2309	0	2	8	18	18	918	1918	4918	9918	36	37	MRAAAA	VKDAAA	HHHHxx
+8916	2310	0	0	6	16	16	916	916	3916	8916	32	33	YEAAAA	WKDAAA	OOOOxx
+6057	2311	1	1	7	17	57	57	57	1057	6057	114	115	ZYAAAA	XKDAAA	VVVVxx
+3622	2312	0	2	2	2	22	622	1622	3622	3622	44	45	IJAAAA	YKDAAA	AAAAxx
+9168	2313	0	0	8	8	68	168	1168	4168	9168	136	137	QOAAAA	ZKDAAA	HHHHxx
+3720	2314	0	0	0	0	20	720	1720	3720	3720	40	41	CNAAAA	ALDAAA	OOOOxx
+9927	2315	1	3	7	7	27	927	1927	4927	9927	54	55	VRAAAA	BLDAAA	VVVVxx
+5616	2316	0	0	6	16	16	616	1616	616	5616	32	33	AIAAAA	CLDAAA	AAAAxx
+5210	2317	0	2	0	10	10	210	1210	210	5210	20	21	KSAAAA	DLDAAA	HHHHxx
+636	2318	0	0	6	16	36	636	636	636	636	72	73	MYAAAA	ELDAAA	OOOOxx
+9936	2319	0	0	6	16	36	936	1936	4936	9936	72	73	ESAAAA	FLDAAA	VVVVxx
+2316	2320	0	0	6	16	16	316	316	2316	2316	32	33	CLAAAA	GLDAAA	AAAAxx
+4363	2321	1	3	3	3	63	363	363	4363	4363	126	127	VLAAAA	HLDAAA	HHHHxx
+7657	2322	1	1	7	17	57	657	1657	2657	7657	114	115	NIAAAA	ILDAAA	OOOOxx
+697	2323	1	1	7	17	97	697	697	697	697	194	195	VAAAAA	JLDAAA	VVVVxx
+912	2324	0	0	2	12	12	912	912	912	912	24	25	CJAAAA	KLDAAA	AAAAxx
+8806	2325	0	2	6	6	6	806	806	3806	8806	12	13	SAAAAA	LLDAAA	HHHHxx
+9698	2326	0	2	8	18	98	698	1698	4698	9698	196	197	AJAAAA	MLDAAA	OOOOxx
+6191	2327	1	3	1	11	91	191	191	1191	6191	182	183	DEAAAA	NLDAAA	VVVVxx
+1188	2328	0	0	8	8	88	188	1188	1188	1188	176	177	STAAAA	OLDAAA	AAAAxx
+7676	2329	0	0	6	16	76	676	1676	2676	7676	152	153	GJAAAA	PLDAAA	HHHHxx
+7073	2330	1	1	3	13	73	73	1073	2073	7073	146	147	BMAAAA	QLDAAA	OOOOxx
+8019	2331	1	3	9	19	19	19	19	3019	8019	38	39	LWAAAA	RLDAAA	VVVVxx
+4726	2332	0	2	6	6	26	726	726	4726	4726	52	53	UZAAAA	SLDAAA	AAAAxx
+4648	2333	0	0	8	8	48	648	648	4648	4648	96	97	UWAAAA	TLDAAA	HHHHxx
+3227	2334	1	3	7	7	27	227	1227	3227	3227	54	55	DUAAAA	ULDAAA	OOOOxx
+7232	2335	0	0	2	12	32	232	1232	2232	7232	64	65	ESAAAA	VLDAAA	VVVVxx
+9761	2336	1	1	1	1	61	761	1761	4761	9761	122	123	LLAAAA	WLDAAA	AAAAxx
+3105	2337	1	1	5	5	5	105	1105	3105	3105	10	11	LPAAAA	XLDAAA	HHHHxx
+5266	2338	0	2	6	6	66	266	1266	266	5266	132	133	OUAAAA	YLDAAA	OOOOxx
+6788	2339	0	0	8	8	88	788	788	1788	6788	176	177	CBAAAA	ZLDAAA	VVVVxx
+2442	2340	0	2	2	2	42	442	442	2442	2442	84	85	YPAAAA	AMDAAA	AAAAxx
+8198	2341	0	2	8	18	98	198	198	3198	8198	196	197	IDAAAA	BMDAAA	HHHHxx
+5806	2342	0	2	6	6	6	806	1806	806	5806	12	13	IPAAAA	CMDAAA	OOOOxx
+8928	2343	0	0	8	8	28	928	928	3928	8928	56	57	KFAAAA	DMDAAA	VVVVxx
+1657	2344	1	1	7	17	57	657	1657	1657	1657	114	115	TLAAAA	EMDAAA	AAAAxx
+9164	2345	0	0	4	4	64	164	1164	4164	9164	128	129	MOAAAA	FMDAAA	HHHHxx
+1851	2346	1	3	1	11	51	851	1851	1851	1851	102	103	FTAAAA	GMDAAA	OOOOxx
+4744	2347	0	0	4	4	44	744	744	4744	4744	88	89	MAAAAA	HMDAAA	VVVVxx
+8055	2348	1	3	5	15	55	55	55	3055	8055	110	111	VXAAAA	IMDAAA	AAAAxx
+1533	2349	1	1	3	13	33	533	1533	1533	1533	66	67	ZGAAAA	JMDAAA	HHHHxx
+1260	2350	0	0	0	0	60	260	1260	1260	1260	120	121	MWAAAA	KMDAAA	OOOOxx
+1290	2351	0	2	0	10	90	290	1290	1290	1290	180	181	QXAAAA	LMDAAA	VVVVxx
+297	2352	1	1	7	17	97	297	297	297	297	194	195	LLAAAA	MMDAAA	AAAAxx
+4145	2353	1	1	5	5	45	145	145	4145	4145	90	91	LDAAAA	NMDAAA	HHHHxx
+863	2354	1	3	3	3	63	863	863	863	863	126	127	FHAAAA	OMDAAA	OOOOxx
+3423	2355	1	3	3	3	23	423	1423	3423	3423	46	47	RBAAAA	PMDAAA	VVVVxx
+8750	2356	0	2	0	10	50	750	750	3750	8750	100	101	OYAAAA	QMDAAA	AAAAxx
+3546	2357	0	2	6	6	46	546	1546	3546	3546	92	93	KGAAAA	RMDAAA	HHHHxx
+3678	2358	0	2	8	18	78	678	1678	3678	3678	156	157	MLAAAA	SMDAAA	OOOOxx
+5313	2359	1	1	3	13	13	313	1313	313	5313	26	27	JWAAAA	TMDAAA	VVVVxx
+6233	2360	1	1	3	13	33	233	233	1233	6233	66	67	TFAAAA	UMDAAA	AAAAxx
+5802	2361	0	2	2	2	2	802	1802	802	5802	4	5	EPAAAA	VMDAAA	HHHHxx
+7059	2362	1	3	9	19	59	59	1059	2059	7059	118	119	NLAAAA	WMDAAA	OOOOxx
+6481	2363	1	1	1	1	81	481	481	1481	6481	162	163	HPAAAA	XMDAAA	VVVVxx
+1596	2364	0	0	6	16	96	596	1596	1596	1596	192	193	KJAAAA	YMDAAA	AAAAxx
+8181	2365	1	1	1	1	81	181	181	3181	8181	162	163	RCAAAA	ZMDAAA	HHHHxx
+5368	2366	0	0	8	8	68	368	1368	368	5368	136	137	MYAAAA	ANDAAA	OOOOxx
+9416	2367	0	0	6	16	16	416	1416	4416	9416	32	33	EYAAAA	BNDAAA	VVVVxx
+9521	2368	1	1	1	1	21	521	1521	4521	9521	42	43	FCAAAA	CNDAAA	AAAAxx
+1042	2369	0	2	2	2	42	42	1042	1042	1042	84	85	COAAAA	DNDAAA	HHHHxx
+4503	2370	1	3	3	3	3	503	503	4503	4503	6	7	FRAAAA	ENDAAA	OOOOxx
+3023	2371	1	3	3	3	23	23	1023	3023	3023	46	47	HMAAAA	FNDAAA	VVVVxx
+1976	2372	0	0	6	16	76	976	1976	1976	1976	152	153	AYAAAA	GNDAAA	AAAAxx
+5610	2373	0	2	0	10	10	610	1610	610	5610	20	21	UHAAAA	HNDAAA	HHHHxx
+7410	2374	0	2	0	10	10	410	1410	2410	7410	20	21	AZAAAA	INDAAA	OOOOxx
+7872	2375	0	0	2	12	72	872	1872	2872	7872	144	145	UQAAAA	JNDAAA	VVVVxx
+8591	2376	1	3	1	11	91	591	591	3591	8591	182	183	LSAAAA	KNDAAA	AAAAxx
+1804	2377	0	0	4	4	4	804	1804	1804	1804	8	9	KRAAAA	LNDAAA	HHHHxx
+5299	2378	1	3	9	19	99	299	1299	299	5299	198	199	VVAAAA	MNDAAA	OOOOxx
+4695	2379	1	3	5	15	95	695	695	4695	4695	190	191	PYAAAA	NNDAAA	VVVVxx
+2672	2380	0	0	2	12	72	672	672	2672	2672	144	145	UYAAAA	ONDAAA	AAAAxx
+585	2381	1	1	5	5	85	585	585	585	585	170	171	NWAAAA	PNDAAA	HHHHxx
+8622	2382	0	2	2	2	22	622	622	3622	8622	44	45	QTAAAA	QNDAAA	OOOOxx
+3780	2383	0	0	0	0	80	780	1780	3780	3780	160	161	KPAAAA	RNDAAA	VVVVxx
+7941	2384	1	1	1	1	41	941	1941	2941	7941	82	83	LTAAAA	SNDAAA	AAAAxx
+3305	2385	1	1	5	5	5	305	1305	3305	3305	10	11	DXAAAA	TNDAAA	HHHHxx
+8653	2386	1	1	3	13	53	653	653	3653	8653	106	107	VUAAAA	UNDAAA	OOOOxx
+5756	2387	0	0	6	16	56	756	1756	756	5756	112	113	KNAAAA	VNDAAA	VVVVxx
+576	2388	0	0	6	16	76	576	576	576	576	152	153	EWAAAA	WNDAAA	AAAAxx
+1915	2389	1	3	5	15	15	915	1915	1915	1915	30	31	RVAAAA	XNDAAA	HHHHxx
+4627	2390	1	3	7	7	27	627	627	4627	4627	54	55	ZVAAAA	YNDAAA	OOOOxx
+920	2391	0	0	0	0	20	920	920	920	920	40	41	KJAAAA	ZNDAAA	VVVVxx
+2537	2392	1	1	7	17	37	537	537	2537	2537	74	75	PTAAAA	AODAAA	AAAAxx
+50	2393	0	2	0	10	50	50	50	50	50	100	101	YBAAAA	BODAAA	HHHHxx
+1313	2394	1	1	3	13	13	313	1313	1313	1313	26	27	NYAAAA	CODAAA	OOOOxx
+8542	2395	0	2	2	2	42	542	542	3542	8542	84	85	OQAAAA	DODAAA	VVVVxx
+6428	2396	0	0	8	8	28	428	428	1428	6428	56	57	GNAAAA	EODAAA	AAAAxx
+4351	2397	1	3	1	11	51	351	351	4351	4351	102	103	JLAAAA	FODAAA	HHHHxx
+2050	2398	0	2	0	10	50	50	50	2050	2050	100	101	WAAAAA	GODAAA	OOOOxx
+5162	2399	0	2	2	2	62	162	1162	162	5162	124	125	OQAAAA	HODAAA	VVVVxx
+8229	2400	1	1	9	9	29	229	229	3229	8229	58	59	NEAAAA	IODAAA	AAAAxx
+7782	2401	0	2	2	2	82	782	1782	2782	7782	164	165	INAAAA	JODAAA	HHHHxx
+1563	2402	1	3	3	3	63	563	1563	1563	1563	126	127	DIAAAA	KODAAA	OOOOxx
+267	2403	1	3	7	7	67	267	267	267	267	134	135	HKAAAA	LODAAA	VVVVxx
+5138	2404	0	2	8	18	38	138	1138	138	5138	76	77	QPAAAA	MODAAA	AAAAxx
+7022	2405	0	2	2	2	22	22	1022	2022	7022	44	45	CKAAAA	NODAAA	HHHHxx
+6705	2406	1	1	5	5	5	705	705	1705	6705	10	11	XXAAAA	OODAAA	OOOOxx
+6190	2407	0	2	0	10	90	190	190	1190	6190	180	181	CEAAAA	PODAAA	VVVVxx
+8226	2408	0	2	6	6	26	226	226	3226	8226	52	53	KEAAAA	QODAAA	AAAAxx
+8882	2409	0	2	2	2	82	882	882	3882	8882	164	165	QDAAAA	RODAAA	HHHHxx
+5181	2410	1	1	1	1	81	181	1181	181	5181	162	163	HRAAAA	SODAAA	OOOOxx
+4598	2411	0	2	8	18	98	598	598	4598	4598	196	197	WUAAAA	TODAAA	VVVVxx
+4882	2412	0	2	2	2	82	882	882	4882	4882	164	165	UFAAAA	UODAAA	AAAAxx
+7490	2413	0	2	0	10	90	490	1490	2490	7490	180	181	CCAAAA	VODAAA	HHHHxx
+5224	2414	0	0	4	4	24	224	1224	224	5224	48	49	YSAAAA	WODAAA	OOOOxx
+2174	2415	0	2	4	14	74	174	174	2174	2174	148	149	QFAAAA	XODAAA	VVVVxx
+3059	2416	1	3	9	19	59	59	1059	3059	3059	118	119	RNAAAA	YODAAA	AAAAxx
+8790	2417	0	2	0	10	90	790	790	3790	8790	180	181	CAAAAA	ZODAAA	HHHHxx
+2222	2418	0	2	2	2	22	222	222	2222	2222	44	45	MHAAAA	APDAAA	OOOOxx
+5473	2419	1	1	3	13	73	473	1473	473	5473	146	147	NCAAAA	BPDAAA	VVVVxx
+937	2420	1	1	7	17	37	937	937	937	937	74	75	BKAAAA	CPDAAA	AAAAxx
+2975	2421	1	3	5	15	75	975	975	2975	2975	150	151	LKAAAA	DPDAAA	HHHHxx
+9569	2422	1	1	9	9	69	569	1569	4569	9569	138	139	BEAAAA	EPDAAA	OOOOxx
+3456	2423	0	0	6	16	56	456	1456	3456	3456	112	113	YCAAAA	FPDAAA	VVVVxx
+6657	2424	1	1	7	17	57	657	657	1657	6657	114	115	BWAAAA	GPDAAA	AAAAxx
+3776	2425	0	0	6	16	76	776	1776	3776	3776	152	153	GPAAAA	HPDAAA	HHHHxx
+6072	2426	0	0	2	12	72	72	72	1072	6072	144	145	OZAAAA	IPDAAA	OOOOxx
+8129	2427	1	1	9	9	29	129	129	3129	8129	58	59	RAAAAA	JPDAAA	VVVVxx
+1085	2428	1	1	5	5	85	85	1085	1085	1085	170	171	TPAAAA	KPDAAA	AAAAxx
+2079	2429	1	3	9	19	79	79	79	2079	2079	158	159	ZBAAAA	LPDAAA	HHHHxx
+1200	2430	0	0	0	0	0	200	1200	1200	1200	0	1	EUAAAA	MPDAAA	OOOOxx
+3276	2431	0	0	6	16	76	276	1276	3276	3276	152	153	AWAAAA	NPDAAA	VVVVxx
+2608	2432	0	0	8	8	8	608	608	2608	2608	16	17	IWAAAA	OPDAAA	AAAAxx
+702	2433	0	2	2	2	2	702	702	702	702	4	5	ABAAAA	PPDAAA	HHHHxx
+5750	2434	0	2	0	10	50	750	1750	750	5750	100	101	ENAAAA	QPDAAA	OOOOxx
+2776	2435	0	0	6	16	76	776	776	2776	2776	152	153	UCAAAA	RPDAAA	VVVVxx
+9151	2436	1	3	1	11	51	151	1151	4151	9151	102	103	ZNAAAA	SPDAAA	AAAAxx
+3282	2437	0	2	2	2	82	282	1282	3282	3282	164	165	GWAAAA	TPDAAA	HHHHxx
+408	2438	0	0	8	8	8	408	408	408	408	16	17	SPAAAA	UPDAAA	OOOOxx
+3473	2439	1	1	3	13	73	473	1473	3473	3473	146	147	PDAAAA	VPDAAA	VVVVxx
+7095	2440	1	3	5	15	95	95	1095	2095	7095	190	191	XMAAAA	WPDAAA	AAAAxx
+3288	2441	0	0	8	8	88	288	1288	3288	3288	176	177	MWAAAA	XPDAAA	HHHHxx
+8215	2442	1	3	5	15	15	215	215	3215	8215	30	31	ZDAAAA	YPDAAA	OOOOxx
+6244	2443	0	0	4	4	44	244	244	1244	6244	88	89	EGAAAA	ZPDAAA	VVVVxx
+8440	2444	0	0	0	0	40	440	440	3440	8440	80	81	QMAAAA	AQDAAA	AAAAxx
+3800	2445	0	0	0	0	0	800	1800	3800	3800	0	1	EQAAAA	BQDAAA	HHHHxx
+7279	2446	1	3	9	19	79	279	1279	2279	7279	158	159	ZTAAAA	CQDAAA	OOOOxx
+9206	2447	0	2	6	6	6	206	1206	4206	9206	12	13	CQAAAA	DQDAAA	VVVVxx
+6465	2448	1	1	5	5	65	465	465	1465	6465	130	131	ROAAAA	EQDAAA	AAAAxx
+4127	2449	1	3	7	7	27	127	127	4127	4127	54	55	TCAAAA	FQDAAA	HHHHxx
+7463	2450	1	3	3	3	63	463	1463	2463	7463	126	127	BBAAAA	GQDAAA	OOOOxx
+5117	2451	1	1	7	17	17	117	1117	117	5117	34	35	VOAAAA	HQDAAA	VVVVxx
+4715	2452	1	3	5	15	15	715	715	4715	4715	30	31	JZAAAA	IQDAAA	AAAAxx
+2010	2453	0	2	0	10	10	10	10	2010	2010	20	21	IZAAAA	JQDAAA	HHHHxx
+6486	2454	0	2	6	6	86	486	486	1486	6486	172	173	MPAAAA	KQDAAA	OOOOxx
+6434	2455	0	2	4	14	34	434	434	1434	6434	68	69	MNAAAA	LQDAAA	VVVVxx
+2151	2456	1	3	1	11	51	151	151	2151	2151	102	103	TEAAAA	MQDAAA	AAAAxx
+4821	2457	1	1	1	1	21	821	821	4821	4821	42	43	LDAAAA	NQDAAA	HHHHxx
+6507	2458	1	3	7	7	7	507	507	1507	6507	14	15	HQAAAA	OQDAAA	OOOOxx
+8741	2459	1	1	1	1	41	741	741	3741	8741	82	83	FYAAAA	PQDAAA	VVVVxx
+6846	2460	0	2	6	6	46	846	846	1846	6846	92	93	IDAAAA	QQDAAA	AAAAxx
+4525	2461	1	1	5	5	25	525	525	4525	4525	50	51	BSAAAA	RQDAAA	HHHHxx
+8299	2462	1	3	9	19	99	299	299	3299	8299	198	199	FHAAAA	SQDAAA	OOOOxx
+5465	2463	1	1	5	5	65	465	1465	465	5465	130	131	FCAAAA	TQDAAA	VVVVxx
+7206	2464	0	2	6	6	6	206	1206	2206	7206	12	13	ERAAAA	UQDAAA	AAAAxx
+2616	2465	0	0	6	16	16	616	616	2616	2616	32	33	QWAAAA	VQDAAA	HHHHxx
+4440	2466	0	0	0	0	40	440	440	4440	4440	80	81	UOAAAA	WQDAAA	OOOOxx
+6109	2467	1	1	9	9	9	109	109	1109	6109	18	19	ZAAAAA	XQDAAA	VVVVxx
+7905	2468	1	1	5	5	5	905	1905	2905	7905	10	11	BSAAAA	YQDAAA	AAAAxx
+6498	2469	0	2	8	18	98	498	498	1498	6498	196	197	YPAAAA	ZQDAAA	HHHHxx
+2034	2470	0	2	4	14	34	34	34	2034	2034	68	69	GAAAAA	ARDAAA	OOOOxx
+7693	2471	1	1	3	13	93	693	1693	2693	7693	186	187	XJAAAA	BRDAAA	VVVVxx
+7511	2472	1	3	1	11	11	511	1511	2511	7511	22	23	XCAAAA	CRDAAA	AAAAxx
+7531	2473	1	3	1	11	31	531	1531	2531	7531	62	63	RDAAAA	DRDAAA	HHHHxx
+6869	2474	1	1	9	9	69	869	869	1869	6869	138	139	FEAAAA	ERDAAA	OOOOxx
+2763	2475	1	3	3	3	63	763	763	2763	2763	126	127	HCAAAA	FRDAAA	VVVVxx
+575	2476	1	3	5	15	75	575	575	575	575	150	151	DWAAAA	GRDAAA	AAAAxx
+8953	2477	1	1	3	13	53	953	953	3953	8953	106	107	JGAAAA	HRDAAA	HHHHxx
+5833	2478	1	1	3	13	33	833	1833	833	5833	66	67	JQAAAA	IRDAAA	OOOOxx
+9035	2479	1	3	5	15	35	35	1035	4035	9035	70	71	NJAAAA	JRDAAA	VVVVxx
+9123	2480	1	3	3	3	23	123	1123	4123	9123	46	47	XMAAAA	KRDAAA	AAAAxx
+206	2481	0	2	6	6	6	206	206	206	206	12	13	YHAAAA	LRDAAA	HHHHxx
+4155	2482	1	3	5	15	55	155	155	4155	4155	110	111	VDAAAA	MRDAAA	OOOOxx
+532	2483	0	0	2	12	32	532	532	532	532	64	65	MUAAAA	NRDAAA	VVVVxx
+1370	2484	0	2	0	10	70	370	1370	1370	1370	140	141	SAAAAA	ORDAAA	AAAAxx
+7656	2485	0	0	6	16	56	656	1656	2656	7656	112	113	MIAAAA	PRDAAA	HHHHxx
+7735	2486	1	3	5	15	35	735	1735	2735	7735	70	71	NLAAAA	QRDAAA	OOOOxx
+2118	2487	0	2	8	18	18	118	118	2118	2118	36	37	MDAAAA	RRDAAA	VVVVxx
+6914	2488	0	2	4	14	14	914	914	1914	6914	28	29	YFAAAA	SRDAAA	AAAAxx
+6277	2489	1	1	7	17	77	277	277	1277	6277	154	155	LHAAAA	TRDAAA	HHHHxx
+6347	2490	1	3	7	7	47	347	347	1347	6347	94	95	DKAAAA	URDAAA	OOOOxx
+4030	2491	0	2	0	10	30	30	30	4030	4030	60	61	AZAAAA	VRDAAA	VVVVxx
+9673	2492	1	1	3	13	73	673	1673	4673	9673	146	147	BIAAAA	WRDAAA	AAAAxx
+2015	2493	1	3	5	15	15	15	15	2015	2015	30	31	NZAAAA	XRDAAA	HHHHxx
+1317	2494	1	1	7	17	17	317	1317	1317	1317	34	35	RYAAAA	YRDAAA	OOOOxx
+404	2495	0	0	4	4	4	404	404	404	404	8	9	OPAAAA	ZRDAAA	VVVVxx
+1604	2496	0	0	4	4	4	604	1604	1604	1604	8	9	SJAAAA	ASDAAA	AAAAxx
+1912	2497	0	0	2	12	12	912	1912	1912	1912	24	25	OVAAAA	BSDAAA	HHHHxx
+5727	2498	1	3	7	7	27	727	1727	727	5727	54	55	HMAAAA	CSDAAA	OOOOxx
+4538	2499	0	2	8	18	38	538	538	4538	4538	76	77	OSAAAA	DSDAAA	VVVVxx
+6868	2500	0	0	8	8	68	868	868	1868	6868	136	137	EEAAAA	ESDAAA	AAAAxx
+9801	2501	1	1	1	1	1	801	1801	4801	9801	2	3	ZMAAAA	FSDAAA	HHHHxx
+1781	2502	1	1	1	1	81	781	1781	1781	1781	162	163	NQAAAA	GSDAAA	OOOOxx
+7061	2503	1	1	1	1	61	61	1061	2061	7061	122	123	PLAAAA	HSDAAA	VVVVxx
+2412	2504	0	0	2	12	12	412	412	2412	2412	24	25	UOAAAA	ISDAAA	AAAAxx
+9191	2505	1	3	1	11	91	191	1191	4191	9191	182	183	NPAAAA	JSDAAA	HHHHxx
+1958	2506	0	2	8	18	58	958	1958	1958	1958	116	117	IXAAAA	KSDAAA	OOOOxx
+2203	2507	1	3	3	3	3	203	203	2203	2203	6	7	TGAAAA	LSDAAA	VVVVxx
+9104	2508	0	0	4	4	4	104	1104	4104	9104	8	9	EMAAAA	MSDAAA	AAAAxx
+3837	2509	1	1	7	17	37	837	1837	3837	3837	74	75	PRAAAA	NSDAAA	HHHHxx
+7055	2510	1	3	5	15	55	55	1055	2055	7055	110	111	JLAAAA	OSDAAA	OOOOxx
+4612	2511	0	0	2	12	12	612	612	4612	4612	24	25	KVAAAA	PSDAAA	VVVVxx
+6420	2512	0	0	0	0	20	420	420	1420	6420	40	41	YMAAAA	QSDAAA	AAAAxx
+613	2513	1	1	3	13	13	613	613	613	613	26	27	PXAAAA	RSDAAA	HHHHxx
+1691	2514	1	3	1	11	91	691	1691	1691	1691	182	183	BNAAAA	SSDAAA	OOOOxx
+33	2515	1	1	3	13	33	33	33	33	33	66	67	HBAAAA	TSDAAA	VVVVxx
+875	2516	1	3	5	15	75	875	875	875	875	150	151	RHAAAA	USDAAA	AAAAxx
+9030	2517	0	2	0	10	30	30	1030	4030	9030	60	61	IJAAAA	VSDAAA	HHHHxx
+4285	2518	1	1	5	5	85	285	285	4285	4285	170	171	VIAAAA	WSDAAA	OOOOxx
+6236	2519	0	0	6	16	36	236	236	1236	6236	72	73	WFAAAA	XSDAAA	VVVVxx
+4702	2520	0	2	2	2	2	702	702	4702	4702	4	5	WYAAAA	YSDAAA	AAAAxx
+3441	2521	1	1	1	1	41	441	1441	3441	3441	82	83	JCAAAA	ZSDAAA	HHHHxx
+2150	2522	0	2	0	10	50	150	150	2150	2150	100	101	SEAAAA	ATDAAA	OOOOxx
+1852	2523	0	0	2	12	52	852	1852	1852	1852	104	105	GTAAAA	BTDAAA	VVVVxx
+7713	2524	1	1	3	13	13	713	1713	2713	7713	26	27	RKAAAA	CTDAAA	AAAAxx
+6849	2525	1	1	9	9	49	849	849	1849	6849	98	99	LDAAAA	DTDAAA	HHHHxx
+3425	2526	1	1	5	5	25	425	1425	3425	3425	50	51	TBAAAA	ETDAAA	OOOOxx
+4681	2527	1	1	1	1	81	681	681	4681	4681	162	163	BYAAAA	FTDAAA	VVVVxx
+1134	2528	0	2	4	14	34	134	1134	1134	1134	68	69	QRAAAA	GTDAAA	AAAAxx
+7462	2529	0	2	2	2	62	462	1462	2462	7462	124	125	ABAAAA	HTDAAA	HHHHxx
+2148	2530	0	0	8	8	48	148	148	2148	2148	96	97	QEAAAA	ITDAAA	OOOOxx
+5921	2531	1	1	1	1	21	921	1921	921	5921	42	43	TTAAAA	JTDAAA	VVVVxx
+118	2532	0	2	8	18	18	118	118	118	118	36	37	OEAAAA	KTDAAA	AAAAxx
+3065	2533	1	1	5	5	65	65	1065	3065	3065	130	131	XNAAAA	LTDAAA	HHHHxx
+6590	2534	0	2	0	10	90	590	590	1590	6590	180	181	MTAAAA	MTDAAA	OOOOxx
+4993	2535	1	1	3	13	93	993	993	4993	4993	186	187	BKAAAA	NTDAAA	VVVVxx
+6818	2536	0	2	8	18	18	818	818	1818	6818	36	37	GCAAAA	OTDAAA	AAAAxx
+1449	2537	1	1	9	9	49	449	1449	1449	1449	98	99	TDAAAA	PTDAAA	HHHHxx
+2039	2538	1	3	9	19	39	39	39	2039	2039	78	79	LAAAAA	QTDAAA	OOOOxx
+2524	2539	0	0	4	4	24	524	524	2524	2524	48	49	CTAAAA	RTDAAA	VVVVxx
+1481	2540	1	1	1	1	81	481	1481	1481	1481	162	163	ZEAAAA	STDAAA	AAAAxx
+6984	2541	0	0	4	4	84	984	984	1984	6984	168	169	QIAAAA	TTDAAA	HHHHxx
+3960	2542	0	0	0	0	60	960	1960	3960	3960	120	121	IWAAAA	UTDAAA	OOOOxx
+1983	2543	1	3	3	3	83	983	1983	1983	1983	166	167	HYAAAA	VTDAAA	VVVVxx
+6379	2544	1	3	9	19	79	379	379	1379	6379	158	159	JLAAAA	WTDAAA	AAAAxx
+8975	2545	1	3	5	15	75	975	975	3975	8975	150	151	FHAAAA	XTDAAA	HHHHxx
+1102	2546	0	2	2	2	2	102	1102	1102	1102	4	5	KQAAAA	YTDAAA	OOOOxx
+2517	2547	1	1	7	17	17	517	517	2517	2517	34	35	VSAAAA	ZTDAAA	VVVVxx
+712	2548	0	0	2	12	12	712	712	712	712	24	25	KBAAAA	AUDAAA	AAAAxx
+5419	2549	1	3	9	19	19	419	1419	419	5419	38	39	LAAAAA	BUDAAA	HHHHxx
+723	2550	1	3	3	3	23	723	723	723	723	46	47	VBAAAA	CUDAAA	OOOOxx
+8057	2551	1	1	7	17	57	57	57	3057	8057	114	115	XXAAAA	DUDAAA	VVVVxx
+7471	2552	1	3	1	11	71	471	1471	2471	7471	142	143	JBAAAA	EUDAAA	AAAAxx
+8855	2553	1	3	5	15	55	855	855	3855	8855	110	111	PCAAAA	FUDAAA	HHHHxx
+5074	2554	0	2	4	14	74	74	1074	74	5074	148	149	ENAAAA	GUDAAA	OOOOxx
+7139	2555	1	3	9	19	39	139	1139	2139	7139	78	79	POAAAA	HUDAAA	VVVVxx
+3833	2556	1	1	3	13	33	833	1833	3833	3833	66	67	LRAAAA	IUDAAA	AAAAxx
+5186	2557	0	2	6	6	86	186	1186	186	5186	172	173	MRAAAA	JUDAAA	HHHHxx
+9436	2558	0	0	6	16	36	436	1436	4436	9436	72	73	YYAAAA	KUDAAA	OOOOxx
+8859	2559	1	3	9	19	59	859	859	3859	8859	118	119	TCAAAA	LUDAAA	VVVVxx
+6943	2560	1	3	3	3	43	943	943	1943	6943	86	87	BHAAAA	MUDAAA	AAAAxx
+2315	2561	1	3	5	15	15	315	315	2315	2315	30	31	BLAAAA	NUDAAA	HHHHxx
+1394	2562	0	2	4	14	94	394	1394	1394	1394	188	189	QBAAAA	OUDAAA	OOOOxx
+8863	2563	1	3	3	3	63	863	863	3863	8863	126	127	XCAAAA	PUDAAA	VVVVxx
+8812	2564	0	0	2	12	12	812	812	3812	8812	24	25	YAAAAA	QUDAAA	AAAAxx
+7498	2565	0	2	8	18	98	498	1498	2498	7498	196	197	KCAAAA	RUDAAA	HHHHxx
+8962	2566	0	2	2	2	62	962	962	3962	8962	124	125	SGAAAA	SUDAAA	OOOOxx
+2533	2567	1	1	3	13	33	533	533	2533	2533	66	67	LTAAAA	TUDAAA	VVVVxx
+8188	2568	0	0	8	8	88	188	188	3188	8188	176	177	YCAAAA	UUDAAA	AAAAxx
+6137	2569	1	1	7	17	37	137	137	1137	6137	74	75	BCAAAA	VUDAAA	HHHHxx
+974	2570	0	2	4	14	74	974	974	974	974	148	149	MLAAAA	WUDAAA	OOOOxx
+2751	2571	1	3	1	11	51	751	751	2751	2751	102	103	VBAAAA	XUDAAA	VVVVxx
+4975	2572	1	3	5	15	75	975	975	4975	4975	150	151	JJAAAA	YUDAAA	AAAAxx
+3411	2573	1	3	1	11	11	411	1411	3411	3411	22	23	FBAAAA	ZUDAAA	HHHHxx
+3143	2574	1	3	3	3	43	143	1143	3143	3143	86	87	XQAAAA	AVDAAA	OOOOxx
+8011	2575	1	3	1	11	11	11	11	3011	8011	22	23	DWAAAA	BVDAAA	VVVVxx
+988	2576	0	0	8	8	88	988	988	988	988	176	177	AMAAAA	CVDAAA	AAAAxx
+4289	2577	1	1	9	9	89	289	289	4289	4289	178	179	ZIAAAA	DVDAAA	HHHHxx
+8105	2578	1	1	5	5	5	105	105	3105	8105	10	11	TZAAAA	EVDAAA	OOOOxx
+9885	2579	1	1	5	5	85	885	1885	4885	9885	170	171	FQAAAA	FVDAAA	VVVVxx
+1002	2580	0	2	2	2	2	2	1002	1002	1002	4	5	OMAAAA	GVDAAA	AAAAxx
+5827	2581	1	3	7	7	27	827	1827	827	5827	54	55	DQAAAA	HVDAAA	HHHHxx
+1228	2582	0	0	8	8	28	228	1228	1228	1228	56	57	GVAAAA	IVDAAA	OOOOxx
+6352	2583	0	0	2	12	52	352	352	1352	6352	104	105	IKAAAA	JVDAAA	VVVVxx
+8868	2584	0	0	8	8	68	868	868	3868	8868	136	137	CDAAAA	KVDAAA	AAAAxx
+3643	2585	1	3	3	3	43	643	1643	3643	3643	86	87	DKAAAA	LVDAAA	HHHHxx
+1468	2586	0	0	8	8	68	468	1468	1468	1468	136	137	MEAAAA	MVDAAA	OOOOxx
+8415	2587	1	3	5	15	15	415	415	3415	8415	30	31	RLAAAA	NVDAAA	VVVVxx
+9631	2588	1	3	1	11	31	631	1631	4631	9631	62	63	LGAAAA	OVDAAA	AAAAxx
+7408	2589	0	0	8	8	8	408	1408	2408	7408	16	17	YYAAAA	PVDAAA	HHHHxx
+1934	2590	0	2	4	14	34	934	1934	1934	1934	68	69	KWAAAA	QVDAAA	OOOOxx
+996	2591	0	0	6	16	96	996	996	996	996	192	193	IMAAAA	RVDAAA	VVVVxx
+8027	2592	1	3	7	7	27	27	27	3027	8027	54	55	TWAAAA	SVDAAA	AAAAxx
+8464	2593	0	0	4	4	64	464	464	3464	8464	128	129	ONAAAA	TVDAAA	HHHHxx
+5007	2594	1	3	7	7	7	7	1007	7	5007	14	15	PKAAAA	UVDAAA	OOOOxx
+8356	2595	0	0	6	16	56	356	356	3356	8356	112	113	KJAAAA	VVDAAA	VVVVxx
+4579	2596	1	3	9	19	79	579	579	4579	4579	158	159	DUAAAA	WVDAAA	AAAAxx
+8513	2597	1	1	3	13	13	513	513	3513	8513	26	27	LPAAAA	XVDAAA	HHHHxx
+383	2598	1	3	3	3	83	383	383	383	383	166	167	TOAAAA	YVDAAA	OOOOxx
+9304	2599	0	0	4	4	4	304	1304	4304	9304	8	9	WTAAAA	ZVDAAA	VVVVxx
+7224	2600	0	0	4	4	24	224	1224	2224	7224	48	49	WRAAAA	AWDAAA	AAAAxx
+6023	2601	1	3	3	3	23	23	23	1023	6023	46	47	RXAAAA	BWDAAA	HHHHxx
+2746	2602	0	2	6	6	46	746	746	2746	2746	92	93	QBAAAA	CWDAAA	OOOOxx
+137	2603	1	1	7	17	37	137	137	137	137	74	75	HFAAAA	DWDAAA	VVVVxx
+9441	2604	1	1	1	1	41	441	1441	4441	9441	82	83	DZAAAA	EWDAAA	AAAAxx
+3690	2605	0	2	0	10	90	690	1690	3690	3690	180	181	YLAAAA	FWDAAA	HHHHxx
+913	2606	1	1	3	13	13	913	913	913	913	26	27	DJAAAA	GWDAAA	OOOOxx
+1768	2607	0	0	8	8	68	768	1768	1768	1768	136	137	AQAAAA	HWDAAA	VVVVxx
+8492	2608	0	0	2	12	92	492	492	3492	8492	184	185	QOAAAA	IWDAAA	AAAAxx
+8083	2609	1	3	3	3	83	83	83	3083	8083	166	167	XYAAAA	JWDAAA	HHHHxx
+4609	2610	1	1	9	9	9	609	609	4609	4609	18	19	HVAAAA	KWDAAA	OOOOxx
+7520	2611	0	0	0	0	20	520	1520	2520	7520	40	41	GDAAAA	LWDAAA	VVVVxx
+4231	2612	1	3	1	11	31	231	231	4231	4231	62	63	TGAAAA	MWDAAA	AAAAxx
+6022	2613	0	2	2	2	22	22	22	1022	6022	44	45	QXAAAA	NWDAAA	HHHHxx
+9784	2614	0	0	4	4	84	784	1784	4784	9784	168	169	IMAAAA	OWDAAA	OOOOxx
+1343	2615	1	3	3	3	43	343	1343	1343	1343	86	87	RZAAAA	PWDAAA	VVVVxx
+7549	2616	1	1	9	9	49	549	1549	2549	7549	98	99	JEAAAA	QWDAAA	AAAAxx
+269	2617	1	1	9	9	69	269	269	269	269	138	139	JKAAAA	RWDAAA	HHHHxx
+1069	2618	1	1	9	9	69	69	1069	1069	1069	138	139	DPAAAA	SWDAAA	OOOOxx
+4610	2619	0	2	0	10	10	610	610	4610	4610	20	21	IVAAAA	TWDAAA	VVVVxx
+482	2620	0	2	2	2	82	482	482	482	482	164	165	OSAAAA	UWDAAA	AAAAxx
+3025	2621	1	1	5	5	25	25	1025	3025	3025	50	51	JMAAAA	VWDAAA	HHHHxx
+7914	2622	0	2	4	14	14	914	1914	2914	7914	28	29	KSAAAA	WWDAAA	OOOOxx
+3198	2623	0	2	8	18	98	198	1198	3198	3198	196	197	ATAAAA	XWDAAA	VVVVxx
+1187	2624	1	3	7	7	87	187	1187	1187	1187	174	175	RTAAAA	YWDAAA	AAAAxx
+4707	2625	1	3	7	7	7	707	707	4707	4707	14	15	BZAAAA	ZWDAAA	HHHHxx
+8279	2626	1	3	9	19	79	279	279	3279	8279	158	159	LGAAAA	AXDAAA	OOOOxx
+6127	2627	1	3	7	7	27	127	127	1127	6127	54	55	RBAAAA	BXDAAA	VVVVxx
+1305	2628	1	1	5	5	5	305	1305	1305	1305	10	11	FYAAAA	CXDAAA	AAAAxx
+4804	2629	0	0	4	4	4	804	804	4804	4804	8	9	UCAAAA	DXDAAA	HHHHxx
+6069	2630	1	1	9	9	69	69	69	1069	6069	138	139	LZAAAA	EXDAAA	OOOOxx
+9229	2631	1	1	9	9	29	229	1229	4229	9229	58	59	ZQAAAA	FXDAAA	VVVVxx
+4703	2632	1	3	3	3	3	703	703	4703	4703	6	7	XYAAAA	GXDAAA	AAAAxx
+6410	2633	0	2	0	10	10	410	410	1410	6410	20	21	OMAAAA	HXDAAA	HHHHxx
+944	2634	0	0	4	4	44	944	944	944	944	88	89	IKAAAA	IXDAAA	OOOOxx
+3744	2635	0	0	4	4	44	744	1744	3744	3744	88	89	AOAAAA	JXDAAA	VVVVxx
+1127	2636	1	3	7	7	27	127	1127	1127	1127	54	55	JRAAAA	KXDAAA	AAAAxx
+6693	2637	1	1	3	13	93	693	693	1693	6693	186	187	LXAAAA	LXDAAA	HHHHxx
+583	2638	1	3	3	3	83	583	583	583	583	166	167	LWAAAA	MXDAAA	OOOOxx
+2684	2639	0	0	4	4	84	684	684	2684	2684	168	169	GZAAAA	NXDAAA	VVVVxx
+6192	2640	0	0	2	12	92	192	192	1192	6192	184	185	EEAAAA	OXDAAA	AAAAxx
+4157	2641	1	1	7	17	57	157	157	4157	4157	114	115	XDAAAA	PXDAAA	HHHHxx
+6470	2642	0	2	0	10	70	470	470	1470	6470	140	141	WOAAAA	QXDAAA	OOOOxx
+8965	2643	1	1	5	5	65	965	965	3965	8965	130	131	VGAAAA	RXDAAA	VVVVxx
+1433	2644	1	1	3	13	33	433	1433	1433	1433	66	67	DDAAAA	SXDAAA	AAAAxx
+4570	2645	0	2	0	10	70	570	570	4570	4570	140	141	UTAAAA	TXDAAA	HHHHxx
+1806	2646	0	2	6	6	6	806	1806	1806	1806	12	13	MRAAAA	UXDAAA	OOOOxx
+1230	2647	0	2	0	10	30	230	1230	1230	1230	60	61	IVAAAA	VXDAAA	VVVVxx
+2283	2648	1	3	3	3	83	283	283	2283	2283	166	167	VJAAAA	WXDAAA	AAAAxx
+6456	2649	0	0	6	16	56	456	456	1456	6456	112	113	IOAAAA	XXDAAA	HHHHxx
+7427	2650	1	3	7	7	27	427	1427	2427	7427	54	55	RZAAAA	YXDAAA	OOOOxx
+8310	2651	0	2	0	10	10	310	310	3310	8310	20	21	QHAAAA	ZXDAAA	VVVVxx
+8103	2652	1	3	3	3	3	103	103	3103	8103	6	7	RZAAAA	AYDAAA	AAAAxx
+3947	2653	1	3	7	7	47	947	1947	3947	3947	94	95	VVAAAA	BYDAAA	HHHHxx
+3414	2654	0	2	4	14	14	414	1414	3414	3414	28	29	IBAAAA	CYDAAA	OOOOxx
+2043	2655	1	3	3	3	43	43	43	2043	2043	86	87	PAAAAA	DYDAAA	VVVVxx
+4393	2656	1	1	3	13	93	393	393	4393	4393	186	187	ZMAAAA	EYDAAA	AAAAxx
+6664	2657	0	0	4	4	64	664	664	1664	6664	128	129	IWAAAA	FYDAAA	HHHHxx
+4545	2658	1	1	5	5	45	545	545	4545	4545	90	91	VSAAAA	GYDAAA	OOOOxx
+7637	2659	1	1	7	17	37	637	1637	2637	7637	74	75	THAAAA	HYDAAA	VVVVxx
+1359	2660	1	3	9	19	59	359	1359	1359	1359	118	119	HAAAAA	IYDAAA	AAAAxx
+5018	2661	0	2	8	18	18	18	1018	18	5018	36	37	ALAAAA	JYDAAA	HHHHxx
+987	2662	1	3	7	7	87	987	987	987	987	174	175	ZLAAAA	KYDAAA	OOOOxx
+1320	2663	0	0	0	0	20	320	1320	1320	1320	40	41	UYAAAA	LYDAAA	VVVVxx
+9311	2664	1	3	1	11	11	311	1311	4311	9311	22	23	DUAAAA	MYDAAA	AAAAxx
+7993	2665	1	1	3	13	93	993	1993	2993	7993	186	187	LVAAAA	NYDAAA	HHHHxx
+7588	2666	0	0	8	8	88	588	1588	2588	7588	176	177	WFAAAA	OYDAAA	OOOOxx
+5983	2667	1	3	3	3	83	983	1983	983	5983	166	167	DWAAAA	PYDAAA	VVVVxx
+4070	2668	0	2	0	10	70	70	70	4070	4070	140	141	OAAAAA	QYDAAA	AAAAxx
+8349	2669	1	1	9	9	49	349	349	3349	8349	98	99	DJAAAA	RYDAAA	HHHHxx
+3810	2670	0	2	0	10	10	810	1810	3810	3810	20	21	OQAAAA	SYDAAA	OOOOxx
+6948	2671	0	0	8	8	48	948	948	1948	6948	96	97	GHAAAA	TYDAAA	VVVVxx
+7153	2672	1	1	3	13	53	153	1153	2153	7153	106	107	DPAAAA	UYDAAA	AAAAxx
+5371	2673	1	3	1	11	71	371	1371	371	5371	142	143	PYAAAA	VYDAAA	HHHHxx
+8316	2674	0	0	6	16	16	316	316	3316	8316	32	33	WHAAAA	WYDAAA	OOOOxx
+5903	2675	1	3	3	3	3	903	1903	903	5903	6	7	BTAAAA	XYDAAA	VVVVxx
+6718	2676	0	2	8	18	18	718	718	1718	6718	36	37	KYAAAA	YYDAAA	AAAAxx
+4759	2677	1	3	9	19	59	759	759	4759	4759	118	119	BBAAAA	ZYDAAA	HHHHxx
+2555	2678	1	3	5	15	55	555	555	2555	2555	110	111	HUAAAA	AZDAAA	OOOOxx
+3457	2679	1	1	7	17	57	457	1457	3457	3457	114	115	ZCAAAA	BZDAAA	VVVVxx
+9626	2680	0	2	6	6	26	626	1626	4626	9626	52	53	GGAAAA	CZDAAA	AAAAxx
+2570	2681	0	2	0	10	70	570	570	2570	2570	140	141	WUAAAA	DZDAAA	HHHHxx
+7964	2682	0	0	4	4	64	964	1964	2964	7964	128	129	IUAAAA	EZDAAA	OOOOxx
+1543	2683	1	3	3	3	43	543	1543	1543	1543	86	87	JHAAAA	FZDAAA	VVVVxx
+929	2684	1	1	9	9	29	929	929	929	929	58	59	TJAAAA	GZDAAA	AAAAxx
+9244	2685	0	0	4	4	44	244	1244	4244	9244	88	89	ORAAAA	HZDAAA	HHHHxx
+9210	2686	0	2	0	10	10	210	1210	4210	9210	20	21	GQAAAA	IZDAAA	OOOOxx
+8334	2687	0	2	4	14	34	334	334	3334	8334	68	69	OIAAAA	JZDAAA	VVVVxx
+9310	2688	0	2	0	10	10	310	1310	4310	9310	20	21	CUAAAA	KZDAAA	AAAAxx
+5024	2689	0	0	4	4	24	24	1024	24	5024	48	49	GLAAAA	LZDAAA	HHHHxx
+8794	2690	0	2	4	14	94	794	794	3794	8794	188	189	GAAAAA	MZDAAA	OOOOxx
+4091	2691	1	3	1	11	91	91	91	4091	4091	182	183	JBAAAA	NZDAAA	VVVVxx
+649	2692	1	1	9	9	49	649	649	649	649	98	99	ZYAAAA	OZDAAA	AAAAxx
+8505	2693	1	1	5	5	5	505	505	3505	8505	10	11	DPAAAA	PZDAAA	HHHHxx
+6652	2694	0	0	2	12	52	652	652	1652	6652	104	105	WVAAAA	QZDAAA	OOOOxx
+8945	2695	1	1	5	5	45	945	945	3945	8945	90	91	BGAAAA	RZDAAA	VVVVxx
+2095	2696	1	3	5	15	95	95	95	2095	2095	190	191	PCAAAA	SZDAAA	AAAAxx
+8676	2697	0	0	6	16	76	676	676	3676	8676	152	153	SVAAAA	TZDAAA	HHHHxx
+3994	2698	0	2	4	14	94	994	1994	3994	3994	188	189	QXAAAA	UZDAAA	OOOOxx
+2859	2699	1	3	9	19	59	859	859	2859	2859	118	119	ZFAAAA	VZDAAA	VVVVxx
+5403	2700	1	3	3	3	3	403	1403	403	5403	6	7	VZAAAA	WZDAAA	AAAAxx
+3254	2701	0	2	4	14	54	254	1254	3254	3254	108	109	EVAAAA	XZDAAA	HHHHxx
+7339	2702	1	3	9	19	39	339	1339	2339	7339	78	79	HWAAAA	YZDAAA	OOOOxx
+7220	2703	0	0	0	0	20	220	1220	2220	7220	40	41	SRAAAA	ZZDAAA	VVVVxx
+4154	2704	0	2	4	14	54	154	154	4154	4154	108	109	UDAAAA	AAEAAA	AAAAxx
+7570	2705	0	2	0	10	70	570	1570	2570	7570	140	141	EFAAAA	BAEAAA	HHHHxx
+2576	2706	0	0	6	16	76	576	576	2576	2576	152	153	CVAAAA	CAEAAA	OOOOxx
+5764	2707	0	0	4	4	64	764	1764	764	5764	128	129	SNAAAA	DAEAAA	VVVVxx
+4314	2708	0	2	4	14	14	314	314	4314	4314	28	29	YJAAAA	EAEAAA	AAAAxx
+2274	2709	0	2	4	14	74	274	274	2274	2274	148	149	MJAAAA	FAEAAA	HHHHxx
+9756	2710	0	0	6	16	56	756	1756	4756	9756	112	113	GLAAAA	GAEAAA	OOOOxx
+8274	2711	0	2	4	14	74	274	274	3274	8274	148	149	GGAAAA	HAEAAA	VVVVxx
+1289	2712	1	1	9	9	89	289	1289	1289	1289	178	179	PXAAAA	IAEAAA	AAAAxx
+7335	2713	1	3	5	15	35	335	1335	2335	7335	70	71	DWAAAA	JAEAAA	HHHHxx
+5351	2714	1	3	1	11	51	351	1351	351	5351	102	103	VXAAAA	KAEAAA	OOOOxx
+8978	2715	0	2	8	18	78	978	978	3978	8978	156	157	IHAAAA	LAEAAA	VVVVxx
+2	2716	0	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	4	5	CAAAAA	MAEAAA	AAAAxx
+8906	2717	0	2	6	6	6	906	906	3906	8906	12	13	OEAAAA	NAEAAA	HHHHxx
+6388	2718	0	0	8	8	88	388	388	1388	6388	176	177	SLAAAA	OAEAAA	OOOOxx
+5675	2719	1	3	5	15	75	675	1675	675	5675	150	151	HKAAAA	PAEAAA	VVVVxx
+255	2720	1	3	5	15	55	255	255	255	255	110	111	VJAAAA	QAEAAA	AAAAxx
+9538	2721	0	2	8	18	38	538	1538	4538	9538	76	77	WCAAAA	RAEAAA	HHHHxx
+1480	2722	0	0	0	0	80	480	1480	1480	1480	160	161	YEAAAA	SAEAAA	OOOOxx
+4015	2723	1	3	5	15	15	15	15	4015	4015	30	31	LYAAAA	TAEAAA	VVVVxx
+5166	2724	0	2	6	6	66	166	1166	166	5166	132	133	SQAAAA	UAEAAA	AAAAxx
+91	2725	1	3	1	11	91	91	91	91	91	182	183	NDAAAA	VAEAAA	HHHHxx
+2958	2726	0	2	8	18	58	958	958	2958	2958	116	117	UJAAAA	WAEAAA	OOOOxx
+9131	2727	1	3	1	11	31	131	1131	4131	9131	62	63	FNAAAA	XAEAAA	VVVVxx
+3944	2728	0	0	4	4	44	944	1944	3944	3944	88	89	SVAAAA	YAEAAA	AAAAxx
+4514	2729	0	2	4	14	14	514	514	4514	4514	28	29	QRAAAA	ZAEAAA	HHHHxx
+5661	2730	1	1	1	1	61	661	1661	661	5661	122	123	TJAAAA	ABEAAA	OOOOxx
+8724	2731	0	0	4	4	24	724	724	3724	8724	48	49	OXAAAA	BBEAAA	VVVVxx
+6408	2732	0	0	8	8	8	408	408	1408	6408	16	17	MMAAAA	CBEAAA	AAAAxx
+5013	2733	1	1	3	13	13	13	1013	13	5013	26	27	VKAAAA	DBEAAA	HHHHxx
+6156	2734	0	0	6	16	56	156	156	1156	6156	112	113	UCAAAA	EBEAAA	OOOOxx
+7350	2735	0	2	0	10	50	350	1350	2350	7350	100	101	SWAAAA	FBEAAA	VVVVxx
+9858	2736	0	2	8	18	58	858	1858	4858	9858	116	117	EPAAAA	GBEAAA	AAAAxx
+895	2737	1	3	5	15	95	895	895	895	895	190	191	LIAAAA	HBEAAA	HHHHxx
+8368	2738	0	0	8	8	68	368	368	3368	8368	136	137	WJAAAA	IBEAAA	OOOOxx
+179	2739	1	3	9	19	79	179	179	179	179	158	159	XGAAAA	JBEAAA	VVVVxx
+4048	2740	0	0	8	8	48	48	48	4048	4048	96	97	SZAAAA	KBEAAA	AAAAxx
+3073	2741	1	1	3	13	73	73	1073	3073	3073	146	147	FOAAAA	LBEAAA	HHHHxx
+321	2742	1	1	1	1	21	321	321	321	321	42	43	JMAAAA	MBEAAA	OOOOxx
+5352	2743	0	0	2	12	52	352	1352	352	5352	104	105	WXAAAA	NBEAAA	VVVVxx
+1940	2744	0	0	0	0	40	940	1940	1940	1940	80	81	QWAAAA	OBEAAA	AAAAxx
+8803	2745	1	3	3	3	3	803	803	3803	8803	6	7	PAAAAA	PBEAAA	HHHHxx
+791	2746	1	3	1	11	91	791	791	791	791	182	183	LEAAAA	QBEAAA	OOOOxx
+9809	2747	1	1	9	9	9	809	1809	4809	9809	18	19	HNAAAA	RBEAAA	VVVVxx
+5519	2748	1	3	9	19	19	519	1519	519	5519	38	39	HEAAAA	SBEAAA	AAAAxx
+7420	2749	0	0	0	0	20	420	1420	2420	7420	40	41	KZAAAA	TBEAAA	HHHHxx
+7541	2750	1	1	1	1	41	541	1541	2541	7541	82	83	BEAAAA	UBEAAA	OOOOxx
+6538	2751	0	2	8	18	38	538	538	1538	6538	76	77	MRAAAA	VBEAAA	VVVVxx
+710	2752	0	2	0	10	10	710	710	710	710	20	21	IBAAAA	WBEAAA	AAAAxx
+9488	2753	0	0	8	8	88	488	1488	4488	9488	176	177	YAAAAA	XBEAAA	HHHHxx
+3135	2754	1	3	5	15	35	135	1135	3135	3135	70	71	PQAAAA	YBEAAA	OOOOxx
+4273	2755	1	1	3	13	73	273	273	4273	4273	146	147	JIAAAA	ZBEAAA	VVVVxx
+629	2756	1	1	9	9	29	629	629	629	629	58	59	FYAAAA	ACEAAA	AAAAxx
+9167	2757	1	3	7	7	67	167	1167	4167	9167	134	135	POAAAA	BCEAAA	HHHHxx
+751	2758	1	3	1	11	51	751	751	751	751	102	103	XCAAAA	CCEAAA	OOOOxx
+1126	2759	0	2	6	6	26	126	1126	1126	1126	52	53	IRAAAA	DCEAAA	VVVVxx
+3724	2760	0	0	4	4	24	724	1724	3724	3724	48	49	GNAAAA	ECEAAA	AAAAxx
+1789	2761	1	1	9	9	89	789	1789	1789	1789	178	179	VQAAAA	FCEAAA	HHHHxx
+792	2762	0	0	2	12	92	792	792	792	792	184	185	MEAAAA	GCEAAA	OOOOxx
+2771	2763	1	3	1	11	71	771	771	2771	2771	142	143	PCAAAA	HCEAAA	VVVVxx
+4313	2764	1	1	3	13	13	313	313	4313	4313	26	27	XJAAAA	ICEAAA	AAAAxx
+9312	2765	0	0	2	12	12	312	1312	4312	9312	24	25	EUAAAA	JCEAAA	HHHHxx
+955	2766	1	3	5	15	55	955	955	955	955	110	111	TKAAAA	KCEAAA	OOOOxx
+6382	2767	0	2	2	2	82	382	382	1382	6382	164	165	MLAAAA	LCEAAA	VVVVxx
+7875	2768	1	3	5	15	75	875	1875	2875	7875	150	151	XQAAAA	MCEAAA	AAAAxx
+7491	2769	1	3	1	11	91	491	1491	2491	7491	182	183	DCAAAA	NCEAAA	HHHHxx
+8193	2770	1	1	3	13	93	193	193	3193	8193	186	187	DDAAAA	OCEAAA	OOOOxx
+968	2771	0	0	8	8	68	968	968	968	968	136	137	GLAAAA	PCEAAA	VVVVxx
+4951	2772	1	3	1	11	51	951	951	4951	4951	102	103	LIAAAA	QCEAAA	AAAAxx
+2204	2773	0	0	4	4	4	204	204	2204	2204	8	9	UGAAAA	RCEAAA	HHHHxx
+2066	2774	0	2	6	6	66	66	66	2066	2066	132	133	MBAAAA	SCEAAA	OOOOxx
+2631	2775	1	3	1	11	31	631	631	2631	2631	62	63	FXAAAA	TCEAAA	VVVVxx
+8947	2776	1	3	7	7	47	947	947	3947	8947	94	95	DGAAAA	UCEAAA	AAAAxx
+8033	2777	1	1	3	13	33	33	33	3033	8033	66	67	ZWAAAA	VCEAAA	HHHHxx
+6264	2778	0	0	4	4	64	264	264	1264	6264	128	129	YGAAAA	WCEAAA	OOOOxx
+7778	2779	0	2	8	18	78	778	1778	2778	7778	156	157	ENAAAA	XCEAAA	VVVVxx
+9701	2780	1	1	1	1	1	701	1701	4701	9701	2	3	DJAAAA	YCEAAA	AAAAxx
+5091	2781	1	3	1	11	91	91	1091	91	5091	182	183	VNAAAA	ZCEAAA	HHHHxx
+7577	2782	1	1	7	17	77	577	1577	2577	7577	154	155	LFAAAA	ADEAAA	OOOOxx
+3345	2783	1	1	5	5	45	345	1345	3345	3345	90	91	RYAAAA	BDEAAA	VVVVxx
+7329	2784	1	1	9	9	29	329	1329	2329	7329	58	59	XVAAAA	CDEAAA	AAAAxx
+7551	2785	1	3	1	11	51	551	1551	2551	7551	102	103	LEAAAA	DDEAAA	HHHHxx
+6207	2786	1	3	7	7	7	207	207	1207	6207	14	15	TEAAAA	EDEAAA	OOOOxx
+8664	2787	0	0	4	4	64	664	664	3664	8664	128	129	GVAAAA	FDEAAA	VVVVxx
+8394	2788	0	2	4	14	94	394	394	3394	8394	188	189	WKAAAA	GDEAAA	AAAAxx
+7324	2789	0	0	4	4	24	324	1324	2324	7324	48	49	SVAAAA	HDEAAA	HHHHxx
+2713	2790	1	1	3	13	13	713	713	2713	2713	26	27	JAAAAA	IDEAAA	OOOOxx
+2230	2791	0	2	0	10	30	230	230	2230	2230	60	61	UHAAAA	JDEAAA	VVVVxx
+9211	2792	1	3	1	11	11	211	1211	4211	9211	22	23	HQAAAA	KDEAAA	AAAAxx
+1296	2793	0	0	6	16	96	296	1296	1296	1296	192	193	WXAAAA	LDEAAA	HHHHxx
+8104	2794	0	0	4	4	4	104	104	3104	8104	8	9	SZAAAA	MDEAAA	OOOOxx
+6916	2795	0	0	6	16	16	916	916	1916	6916	32	33	AGAAAA	NDEAAA	VVVVxx
+2208	2796	0	0	8	8	8	208	208	2208	2208	16	17	YGAAAA	ODEAAA	AAAAxx
+3935	2797	1	3	5	15	35	935	1935	3935	3935	70	71	JVAAAA	PDEAAA	HHHHxx
+7814	2798	0	2	4	14	14	814	1814	2814	7814	28	29	OOAAAA	QDEAAA	OOOOxx
+6508	2799	0	0	8	8	8	508	508	1508	6508	16	17	IQAAAA	RDEAAA	VVVVxx
+1703	2800	1	3	3	3	3	703	1703	1703	1703	6	7	NNAAAA	SDEAAA	AAAAxx
+5640	2801	0	0	0	0	40	640	1640	640	5640	80	81	YIAAAA	TDEAAA	HHHHxx
+6417	2802	1	1	7	17	17	417	417	1417	6417	34	35	VMAAAA	UDEAAA	OOOOxx
+1713	2803	1	1	3	13	13	713	1713	1713	1713	26	27	XNAAAA	VDEAAA	VVVVxx
+5309	2804	1	1	9	9	9	309	1309	309	5309	18	19	FWAAAA	WDEAAA	AAAAxx
+4364	2805	0	0	4	4	64	364	364	4364	4364	128	129	WLAAAA	XDEAAA	HHHHxx
+619	2806	1	3	9	19	19	619	619	619	619	38	39	VXAAAA	YDEAAA	OOOOxx
+9498	2807	0	2	8	18	98	498	1498	4498	9498	196	197	IBAAAA	ZDEAAA	VVVVxx
+2804	2808	0	0	4	4	4	804	804	2804	2804	8	9	WDAAAA	AEEAAA	AAAAxx
+2220	2809	0	0	0	0	20	220	220	2220	2220	40	41	KHAAAA	BEEAAA	HHHHxx
+9542	2810	0	2	2	2	42	542	1542	4542	9542	84	85	ADAAAA	CEEAAA	OOOOxx
+3349	2811	1	1	9	9	49	349	1349	3349	3349	98	99	VYAAAA	DEEAAA	VVVVxx
+9198	2812	0	2	8	18	98	198	1198	4198	9198	196	197	UPAAAA	EEEAAA	AAAAxx
+2727	2813	1	3	7	7	27	727	727	2727	2727	54	55	XAAAAA	FEEAAA	HHHHxx
+3768	2814	0	0	8	8	68	768	1768	3768	3768	136	137	YOAAAA	GEEAAA	OOOOxx
+2334	2815	0	2	4	14	34	334	334	2334	2334	68	69	ULAAAA	HEEAAA	VVVVxx
+7770	2816	0	2	0	10	70	770	1770	2770	7770	140	141	WMAAAA	IEEAAA	AAAAxx
+5963	2817	1	3	3	3	63	963	1963	963	5963	126	127	JVAAAA	JEEAAA	HHHHxx
+4732	2818	0	0	2	12	32	732	732	4732	4732	64	65	AAAAAA	KEEAAA	OOOOxx
+2448	2819	0	0	8	8	48	448	448	2448	2448	96	97	EQAAAA	LEEAAA	VVVVxx
+5998	2820	0	2	8	18	98	998	1998	998	5998	196	197	SWAAAA	MEEAAA	AAAAxx
+8577	2821	1	1	7	17	77	577	577	3577	8577	154	155	XRAAAA	NEEAAA	HHHHxx
+266	2822	0	2	6	6	66	266	266	266	266	132	133	GKAAAA	OEEAAA	OOOOxx
+2169	2823	1	1	9	9	69	169	169	2169	2169	138	139	LFAAAA	PEEAAA	VVVVxx
+8228	2824	0	0	8	8	28	228	228	3228	8228	56	57	MEAAAA	QEEAAA	AAAAxx
+4813	2825	1	1	3	13	13	813	813	4813	4813	26	27	DDAAAA	REEAAA	HHHHxx
+2769	2826	1	1	9	9	69	769	769	2769	2769	138	139	NCAAAA	SEEAAA	OOOOxx
+8382	2827	0	2	2	2	82	382	382	3382	8382	164	165	KKAAAA	TEEAAA	VVVVxx
+1717	2828	1	1	7	17	17	717	1717	1717	1717	34	35	BOAAAA	UEEAAA	AAAAxx
+7178	2829	0	2	8	18	78	178	1178	2178	7178	156	157	CQAAAA	VEEAAA	HHHHxx
+9547	2830	1	3	7	7	47	547	1547	4547	9547	94	95	FDAAAA	WEEAAA	OOOOxx
+8187	2831	1	3	7	7	87	187	187	3187	8187	174	175	XCAAAA	XEEAAA	VVVVxx
+3168	2832	0	0	8	8	68	168	1168	3168	3168	136	137	WRAAAA	YEEAAA	AAAAxx
+2180	2833	0	0	0	0	80	180	180	2180	2180	160	161	WFAAAA	ZEEAAA	HHHHxx
+859	2834	1	3	9	19	59	859	859	859	859	118	119	BHAAAA	AFEAAA	OOOOxx
+1554	2835	0	2	4	14	54	554	1554	1554	1554	108	109	UHAAAA	BFEAAA	VVVVxx
+3567	2836	1	3	7	7	67	567	1567	3567	3567	134	135	FHAAAA	CFEAAA	AAAAxx
+5985	2837	1	1	5	5	85	985	1985	985	5985	170	171	FWAAAA	DFEAAA	HHHHxx
+1	2838	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	3	BAAAAA	EFEAAA	OOOOxx
+5937	2839	1	1	7	17	37	937	1937	937	5937	74	75	JUAAAA	FFEAAA	VVVVxx
+7594	2840	0	2	4	14	94	594	1594	2594	7594	188	189	CGAAAA	GFEAAA	AAAAxx
+3783	2841	1	3	3	3	83	783	1783	3783	3783	166	167	NPAAAA	HFEAAA	HHHHxx
+6841	2842	1	1	1	1	41	841	841	1841	6841	82	83	DDAAAA	IFEAAA	OOOOxx
+9694	2843	0	2	4	14	94	694	1694	4694	9694	188	189	WIAAAA	JFEAAA	VVVVxx
+4322	2844	0	2	2	2	22	322	322	4322	4322	44	45	GKAAAA	KFEAAA	AAAAxx
+6012	2845	0	0	2	12	12	12	12	1012	6012	24	25	GXAAAA	LFEAAA	HHHHxx
+108	2846	0	0	8	8	8	108	108	108	108	16	17	EEAAAA	MFEAAA	OOOOxx
+3396	2847	0	0	6	16	96	396	1396	3396	3396	192	193	QAAAAA	NFEAAA	VVVVxx
+8643	2848	1	3	3	3	43	643	643	3643	8643	86	87	LUAAAA	OFEAAA	AAAAxx
+6087	2849	1	3	7	7	87	87	87	1087	6087	174	175	DAAAAA	PFEAAA	HHHHxx
+2629	2850	1	1	9	9	29	629	629	2629	2629	58	59	DXAAAA	QFEAAA	OOOOxx
+3009	2851	1	1	9	9	9	9	1009	3009	3009	18	19	TLAAAA	RFEAAA	VVVVxx
+438	2852	0	2	8	18	38	438	438	438	438	76	77	WQAAAA	SFEAAA	AAAAxx
+2480	2853	0	0	0	0	80	480	480	2480	2480	160	161	KRAAAA	TFEAAA	HHHHxx
+936	2854	0	0	6	16	36	936	936	936	936	72	73	AKAAAA	UFEAAA	OOOOxx
+6	2855	0	2	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	12	13	GAAAAA	VFEAAA	VVVVxx
+768	2856	0	0	8	8	68	768	768	768	768	136	137	ODAAAA	WFEAAA	AAAAxx
+1564	2857	0	0	4	4	64	564	1564	1564	1564	128	129	EIAAAA	XFEAAA	HHHHxx
+3236	2858	0	0	6	16	36	236	1236	3236	3236	72	73	MUAAAA	YFEAAA	OOOOxx
+3932	2859	0	0	2	12	32	932	1932	3932	3932	64	65	GVAAAA	ZFEAAA	VVVVxx
+8914	2860	0	2	4	14	14	914	914	3914	8914	28	29	WEAAAA	AGEAAA	AAAAxx
+119	2861	1	3	9	19	19	119	119	119	119	38	39	PEAAAA	BGEAAA	HHHHxx
+6034	2862	0	2	4	14	34	34	34	1034	6034	68	69	CYAAAA	CGEAAA	OOOOxx
+5384	2863	0	0	4	4	84	384	1384	384	5384	168	169	CZAAAA	DGEAAA	VVVVxx
+6885	2864	1	1	5	5	85	885	885	1885	6885	170	171	VEAAAA	EGEAAA	AAAAxx
+232	2865	0	0	2	12	32	232	232	232	232	64	65	YIAAAA	FGEAAA	HHHHxx
+1293	2866	1	1	3	13	93	293	1293	1293	1293	186	187	TXAAAA	GGEAAA	OOOOxx
+9204	2867	0	0	4	4	4	204	1204	4204	9204	8	9	AQAAAA	HGEAAA	VVVVxx
+527	2868	1	3	7	7	27	527	527	527	527	54	55	HUAAAA	IGEAAA	AAAAxx
+6539	2869	1	3	9	19	39	539	539	1539	6539	78	79	NRAAAA	JGEAAA	HHHHxx
+3679	2870	1	3	9	19	79	679	1679	3679	3679	158	159	NLAAAA	KGEAAA	OOOOxx
+8282	2871	0	2	2	2	82	282	282	3282	8282	164	165	OGAAAA	LGEAAA	VVVVxx
+5027	2872	1	3	7	7	27	27	1027	27	5027	54	55	JLAAAA	MGEAAA	AAAAxx
+7694	2873	0	2	4	14	94	694	1694	2694	7694	188	189	YJAAAA	NGEAAA	HHHHxx
+473	2874	1	1	3	13	73	473	473	473	473	146	147	FSAAAA	OGEAAA	OOOOxx
+6325	2875	1	1	5	5	25	325	325	1325	6325	50	51	HJAAAA	PGEAAA	VVVVxx
+8761	2876	1	1	1	1	61	761	761	3761	8761	122	123	ZYAAAA	QGEAAA	AAAAxx
+6184	2877	0	0	4	4	84	184	184	1184	6184	168	169	WDAAAA	RGEAAA	HHHHxx
+419	2878	1	3	9	19	19	419	419	419	419	38	39	DQAAAA	SGEAAA	OOOOxx
+6111	2879	1	3	1	11	11	111	111	1111	6111	22	23	BBAAAA	TGEAAA	VVVVxx
+3836	2880	0	0	6	16	36	836	1836	3836	3836	72	73	ORAAAA	UGEAAA	AAAAxx
+4086	2881	0	2	6	6	86	86	86	4086	4086	172	173	EBAAAA	VGEAAA	HHHHxx
+5818	2882	0	2	8	18	18	818	1818	818	5818	36	37	UPAAAA	WGEAAA	OOOOxx
+4528	2883	0	0	8	8	28	528	528	4528	4528	56	57	ESAAAA	XGEAAA	VVVVxx
+7199	2884	1	3	9	19	99	199	1199	2199	7199	198	199	XQAAAA	YGEAAA	AAAAxx
+1847	2885	1	3	7	7	47	847	1847	1847	1847	94	95	BTAAAA	ZGEAAA	HHHHxx
+2875	2886	1	3	5	15	75	875	875	2875	2875	150	151	PGAAAA	AHEAAA	OOOOxx
+2872	2887	0	0	2	12	72	872	872	2872	2872	144	145	MGAAAA	BHEAAA	VVVVxx
+3972	2888	0	0	2	12	72	972	1972	3972	3972	144	145	UWAAAA	CHEAAA	AAAAxx
+7590	2889	0	2	0	10	90	590	1590	2590	7590	180	181	YFAAAA	DHEAAA	HHHHxx
+1914	2890	0	2	4	14	14	914	1914	1914	1914	28	29	QVAAAA	EHEAAA	OOOOxx
+1658	2891	0	2	8	18	58	658	1658	1658	1658	116	117	ULAAAA	FHEAAA	VVVVxx
+2126	2892	0	2	6	6	26	126	126	2126	2126	52	53	UDAAAA	GHEAAA	AAAAxx
+645	2893	1	1	5	5	45	645	645	645	645	90	91	VYAAAA	HHEAAA	HHHHxx
+6636	2894	0	0	6	16	36	636	636	1636	6636	72	73	GVAAAA	IHEAAA	OOOOxx
+1469	2895	1	1	9	9	69	469	1469	1469	1469	138	139	NEAAAA	JHEAAA	VVVVxx
+1377	2896	1	1	7	17	77	377	1377	1377	1377	154	155	ZAAAAA	KHEAAA	AAAAxx
+8425	2897	1	1	5	5	25	425	425	3425	8425	50	51	BMAAAA	LHEAAA	HHHHxx
+9300	2898	0	0	0	0	0	300	1300	4300	9300	0	1	STAAAA	MHEAAA	OOOOxx
+5355	2899	1	3	5	15	55	355	1355	355	5355	110	111	ZXAAAA	NHEAAA	VVVVxx
+840	2900	0	0	0	0	40	840	840	840	840	80	81	IGAAAA	OHEAAA	AAAAxx
+5185	2901	1	1	5	5	85	185	1185	185	5185	170	171	LRAAAA	PHEAAA	HHHHxx
+6467	2902	1	3	7	7	67	467	467	1467	6467	134	135	TOAAAA	QHEAAA	OOOOxx
+58	2903	0	2	8	18	58	58	58	58	58	116	117	GCAAAA	RHEAAA	VVVVxx
+5051	2904	1	3	1	11	51	51	1051	51	5051	102	103	HMAAAA	SHEAAA	AAAAxx
+8901	2905	1	1	1	1	1	901	901	3901	8901	2	3	JEAAAA	THEAAA	HHHHxx
+1550	2906	0	2	0	10	50	550	1550	1550	1550	100	101	QHAAAA	UHEAAA	OOOOxx
+1698	2907	0	2	8	18	98	698	1698	1698	1698	196	197	INAAAA	VHEAAA	VVVVxx
+802	2908	0	2	2	2	2	802	802	802	802	4	5	WEAAAA	WHEAAA	AAAAxx
+2440	2909	0	0	0	0	40	440	440	2440	2440	80	81	WPAAAA	XHEAAA	HHHHxx
+2260	2910	0	0	0	0	60	260	260	2260	2260	120	121	YIAAAA	YHEAAA	OOOOxx
+8218	2911	0	2	8	18	18	218	218	3218	8218	36	37	CEAAAA	ZHEAAA	VVVVxx
+5144	2912	0	0	4	4	44	144	1144	144	5144	88	89	WPAAAA	AIEAAA	AAAAxx
+4822	2913	0	2	2	2	22	822	822	4822	4822	44	45	MDAAAA	BIEAAA	HHHHxx
+9476	2914	0	0	6	16	76	476	1476	4476	9476	152	153	MAAAAA	CIEAAA	OOOOxx
+7535	2915	1	3	5	15	35	535	1535	2535	7535	70	71	VDAAAA	DIEAAA	VVVVxx
+8738	2916	0	2	8	18	38	738	738	3738	8738	76	77	CYAAAA	EIEAAA	AAAAxx
+7946	2917	0	2	6	6	46	946	1946	2946	7946	92	93	QTAAAA	FIEAAA	HHHHxx
+8143	2918	1	3	3	3	43	143	143	3143	8143	86	87	FBAAAA	GIEAAA	OOOOxx
+2623	2919	1	3	3	3	23	623	623	2623	2623	46	47	XWAAAA	HIEAAA	VVVVxx
+5209	2920	1	1	9	9	9	209	1209	209	5209	18	19	JSAAAA	IIEAAA	AAAAxx
+7674	2921	0	2	4	14	74	674	1674	2674	7674	148	149	EJAAAA	JIEAAA	HHHHxx
+1135	2922	1	3	5	15	35	135	1135	1135	1135	70	71	RRAAAA	KIEAAA	OOOOxx
+424	2923	0	0	4	4	24	424	424	424	424	48	49	IQAAAA	LIEAAA	VVVVxx
+942	2924	0	2	2	2	42	942	942	942	942	84	85	GKAAAA	MIEAAA	AAAAxx
+7813	2925	1	1	3	13	13	813	1813	2813	7813	26	27	NOAAAA	NIEAAA	HHHHxx
+3539	2926	1	3	9	19	39	539	1539	3539	3539	78	79	DGAAAA	OIEAAA	OOOOxx
+2909	2927	1	1	9	9	9	909	909	2909	2909	18	19	XHAAAA	PIEAAA	VVVVxx
+3748	2928	0	0	8	8	48	748	1748	3748	3748	96	97	EOAAAA	QIEAAA	AAAAxx
+2996	2929	0	0	6	16	96	996	996	2996	2996	192	193	GLAAAA	RIEAAA	HHHHxx
+1869	2930	1	1	9	9	69	869	1869	1869	1869	138	139	XTAAAA	SIEAAA	OOOOxx
+8151	2931	1	3	1	11	51	151	151	3151	8151	102	103	NBAAAA	TIEAAA	VVVVxx
+6361	2932	1	1	1	1	61	361	361	1361	6361	122	123	RKAAAA	UIEAAA	AAAAxx
+5568	2933	0	0	8	8	68	568	1568	568	5568	136	137	EGAAAA	VIEAAA	HHHHxx
+2796	2934	0	0	6	16	96	796	796	2796	2796	192	193	ODAAAA	WIEAAA	OOOOxx
+8489	2935	1	1	9	9	89	489	489	3489	8489	178	179	NOAAAA	XIEAAA	VVVVxx
+9183	2936	1	3	3	3	83	183	1183	4183	9183	166	167	FPAAAA	YIEAAA	AAAAxx
+8227	2937	1	3	7	7	27	227	227	3227	8227	54	55	LEAAAA	ZIEAAA	HHHHxx
+1844	2938	0	0	4	4	44	844	1844	1844	1844	88	89	YSAAAA	AJEAAA	OOOOxx
+3975	2939	1	3	5	15	75	975	1975	3975	3975	150	151	XWAAAA	BJEAAA	VVVVxx
+6490	2940	0	2	0	10	90	490	490	1490	6490	180	181	QPAAAA	CJEAAA	AAAAxx
+8303	2941	1	3	3	3	3	303	303	3303	8303	6	7	JHAAAA	DJEAAA	HHHHxx
+7334	2942	0	2	4	14	34	334	1334	2334	7334	68	69	CWAAAA	EJEAAA	OOOOxx
+2382	2943	0	2	2	2	82	382	382	2382	2382	164	165	QNAAAA	FJEAAA	VVVVxx
+177	2944	1	1	7	17	77	177	177	177	177	154	155	VGAAAA	GJEAAA	AAAAxx
+8117	2945	1	1	7	17	17	117	117	3117	8117	34	35	FAAAAA	HJEAAA	HHHHxx
+5485	2946	1	1	5	5	85	485	1485	485	5485	170	171	ZCAAAA	IJEAAA	OOOOxx
+6544	2947	0	0	4	4	44	544	544	1544	6544	88	89	SRAAAA	JJEAAA	VVVVxx
+8517	2948	1	1	7	17	17	517	517	3517	8517	34	35	PPAAAA	KJEAAA	AAAAxx
+2252	2949	0	0	2	12	52	252	252	2252	2252	104	105	QIAAAA	LJEAAA	HHHHxx
+4480	2950	0	0	0	0	80	480	480	4480	4480	160	161	IQAAAA	MJEAAA	OOOOxx
+4785	2951	1	1	5	5	85	785	785	4785	4785	170	171	BCAAAA	NJEAAA	VVVVxx
+9700	2952	0	0	0	0	0	700	1700	4700	9700	0	1	CJAAAA	OJEAAA	AAAAxx
+2122	2953	0	2	2	2	22	122	122	2122	2122	44	45	QDAAAA	PJEAAA	HHHHxx
+8783	2954	1	3	3	3	83	783	783	3783	8783	166	167	VZAAAA	QJEAAA	OOOOxx
+1453	2955	1	1	3	13	53	453	1453	1453	1453	106	107	XDAAAA	RJEAAA	VVVVxx
+3908	2956	0	0	8	8	8	908	1908	3908	3908	16	17	IUAAAA	SJEAAA	AAAAxx
+7707	2957	1	3	7	7	7	707	1707	2707	7707	14	15	LKAAAA	TJEAAA	HHHHxx
+9049	2958	1	1	9	9	49	49	1049	4049	9049	98	99	BKAAAA	UJEAAA	OOOOxx
+654	2959	0	2	4	14	54	654	654	654	654	108	109	EZAAAA	VJEAAA	VVVVxx
+3336	2960	0	0	6	16	36	336	1336	3336	3336	72	73	IYAAAA	WJEAAA	AAAAxx
+622	2961	0	2	2	2	22	622	622	622	622	44	45	YXAAAA	XJEAAA	HHHHxx
+8398	2962	0	2	8	18	98	398	398	3398	8398	196	197	ALAAAA	YJEAAA	OOOOxx
+9193	2963	1	1	3	13	93	193	1193	4193	9193	186	187	PPAAAA	ZJEAAA	VVVVxx
+7896	2964	0	0	6	16	96	896	1896	2896	7896	192	193	SRAAAA	AKEAAA	AAAAxx
+9798	2965	0	2	8	18	98	798	1798	4798	9798	196	197	WMAAAA	BKEAAA	HHHHxx
+2881	2966	1	1	1	1	81	881	881	2881	2881	162	163	VGAAAA	CKEAAA	OOOOxx
+672	2967	0	0	2	12	72	672	672	672	672	144	145	WZAAAA	DKEAAA	VVVVxx
+6743	2968	1	3	3	3	43	743	743	1743	6743	86	87	JZAAAA	EKEAAA	AAAAxx
+8935	2969	1	3	5	15	35	935	935	3935	8935	70	71	RFAAAA	FKEAAA	HHHHxx
+2426	2970	0	2	6	6	26	426	426	2426	2426	52	53	IPAAAA	GKEAAA	OOOOxx
+722	2971	0	2	2	2	22	722	722	722	722	44	45	UBAAAA	HKEAAA	VVVVxx
+5088	2972	0	0	8	8	88	88	1088	88	5088	176	177	SNAAAA	IKEAAA	AAAAxx
+8677	2973	1	1	7	17	77	677	677	3677	8677	154	155	TVAAAA	JKEAAA	HHHHxx
+6963	2974	1	3	3	3	63	963	963	1963	6963	126	127	VHAAAA	KKEAAA	OOOOxx
+1653	2975	1	1	3	13	53	653	1653	1653	1653	106	107	PLAAAA	LKEAAA	VVVVxx
+7295	2976	1	3	5	15	95	295	1295	2295	7295	190	191	PUAAAA	MKEAAA	AAAAxx
+6675	2977	1	3	5	15	75	675	675	1675	6675	150	151	TWAAAA	NKEAAA	HHHHxx
+7183	2978	1	3	3	3	83	183	1183	2183	7183	166	167	HQAAAA	OKEAAA	OOOOxx
+4378	2979	0	2	8	18	78	378	378	4378	4378	156	157	KMAAAA	PKEAAA	VVVVxx
+2157	2980	1	1	7	17	57	157	157	2157	2157	114	115	ZEAAAA	QKEAAA	AAAAxx
+2621	2981	1	1	1	1	21	621	621	2621	2621	42	43	VWAAAA	RKEAAA	HHHHxx
+9278	2982	0	2	8	18	78	278	1278	4278	9278	156	157	WSAAAA	SKEAAA	OOOOxx
+79	2983	1	3	9	19	79	79	79	79	79	158	159	BDAAAA	TKEAAA	VVVVxx
+7358	2984	0	2	8	18	58	358	1358	2358	7358	116	117	AXAAAA	UKEAAA	AAAAxx
+3589	2985	1	1	9	9	89	589	1589	3589	3589	178	179	BIAAAA	VKEAAA	HHHHxx
+1254	2986	0	2	4	14	54	254	1254	1254	1254	108	109	GWAAAA	WKEAAA	OOOOxx
+3490	2987	0	2	0	10	90	490	1490	3490	3490	180	181	GEAAAA	XKEAAA	VVVVxx
+7533	2988	1	1	3	13	33	533	1533	2533	7533	66	67	TDAAAA	YKEAAA	AAAAxx
+2800	2989	0	0	0	0	0	800	800	2800	2800	0	1	SDAAAA	ZKEAAA	HHHHxx
+351	2990	1	3	1	11	51	351	351	351	351	102	103	NNAAAA	ALEAAA	OOOOxx
+4359	2991	1	3	9	19	59	359	359	4359	4359	118	119	RLAAAA	BLEAAA	VVVVxx
+5788	2992	0	0	8	8	88	788	1788	788	5788	176	177	QOAAAA	CLEAAA	AAAAxx
+5521	2993	1	1	1	1	21	521	1521	521	5521	42	43	JEAAAA	DLEAAA	HHHHxx
+3351	2994	1	3	1	11	51	351	1351	3351	3351	102	103	XYAAAA	ELEAAA	OOOOxx
+5129	2995	1	1	9	9	29	129	1129	129	5129	58	59	HPAAAA	FLEAAA	VVVVxx
+315	2996	1	3	5	15	15	315	315	315	315	30	31	DMAAAA	GLEAAA	AAAAxx
+7552	2997	0	0	2	12	52	552	1552	2552	7552	104	105	MEAAAA	HLEAAA	HHHHxx
+9176	2998	0	0	6	16	76	176	1176	4176	9176	152	153	YOAAAA	ILEAAA	OOOOxx
+7458	2999	0	2	8	18	58	458	1458	2458	7458	116	117	WAAAAA	JLEAAA	VVVVxx
+279	3000	1	3	9	19	79	279	279	279	279	158	159	TKAAAA	KLEAAA	AAAAxx
+738	3001	0	2	8	18	38	738	738	738	738	76	77	KCAAAA	LLEAAA	HHHHxx
+2557	3002	1	1	7	17	57	557	557	2557	2557	114	115	JUAAAA	MLEAAA	OOOOxx
+9395	3003	1	3	5	15	95	395	1395	4395	9395	190	191	JXAAAA	NLEAAA	VVVVxx
+7214	3004	0	2	4	14	14	214	1214	2214	7214	28	29	MRAAAA	OLEAAA	AAAAxx
+6354	3005	0	2	4	14	54	354	354	1354	6354	108	109	KKAAAA	PLEAAA	HHHHxx
+4799	3006	1	3	9	19	99	799	799	4799	4799	198	199	PCAAAA	QLEAAA	OOOOxx
+1231	3007	1	3	1	11	31	231	1231	1231	1231	62	63	JVAAAA	RLEAAA	VVVVxx
+5252	3008	0	0	2	12	52	252	1252	252	5252	104	105	AUAAAA	SLEAAA	AAAAxx
+5250	3009	0	2	0	10	50	250	1250	250	5250	100	101	YTAAAA	TLEAAA	HHHHxx
+9319	3010	1	3	9	19	19	319	1319	4319	9319	38	39	LUAAAA	ULEAAA	OOOOxx
+1724	3011	0	0	4	4	24	724	1724	1724	1724	48	49	IOAAAA	VLEAAA	VVVVxx
+7947	3012	1	3	7	7	47	947	1947	2947	7947	94	95	RTAAAA	WLEAAA	AAAAxx
+1105	3013	1	1	5	5	5	105	1105	1105	1105	10	11	NQAAAA	XLEAAA	HHHHxx
+1417	3014	1	1	7	17	17	417	1417	1417	1417	34	35	NCAAAA	YLEAAA	OOOOxx
+7101	3015	1	1	1	1	1	101	1101	2101	7101	2	3	DNAAAA	ZLEAAA	VVVVxx
+1088	3016	0	0	8	8	88	88	1088	1088	1088	176	177	WPAAAA	AMEAAA	AAAAxx
+979	3017	1	3	9	19	79	979	979	979	979	158	159	RLAAAA	BMEAAA	HHHHxx
+7589	3018	1	1	9	9	89	589	1589	2589	7589	178	179	XFAAAA	CMEAAA	OOOOxx
+8952	3019	0	0	2	12	52	952	952	3952	8952	104	105	IGAAAA	DMEAAA	VVVVxx
+2864	3020	0	0	4	4	64	864	864	2864	2864	128	129	EGAAAA	EMEAAA	AAAAxx
+234	3021	0	2	4	14	34	234	234	234	234	68	69	AJAAAA	FMEAAA	HHHHxx
+7231	3022	1	3	1	11	31	231	1231	2231	7231	62	63	DSAAAA	GMEAAA	OOOOxx
+6792	3023	0	0	2	12	92	792	792	1792	6792	184	185	GBAAAA	HMEAAA	VVVVxx
+4311	3024	1	3	1	11	11	311	311	4311	4311	22	23	VJAAAA	IMEAAA	AAAAxx
+3374	3025	0	2	4	14	74	374	1374	3374	3374	148	149	UZAAAA	JMEAAA	HHHHxx
+3367	3026	1	3	7	7	67	367	1367	3367	3367	134	135	NZAAAA	KMEAAA	OOOOxx
+2598	3027	0	2	8	18	98	598	598	2598	2598	196	197	YVAAAA	LMEAAA	VVVVxx
+1033	3028	1	1	3	13	33	33	1033	1033	1033	66	67	TNAAAA	MMEAAA	AAAAxx
+7803	3029	1	3	3	3	3	803	1803	2803	7803	6	7	DOAAAA	NMEAAA	HHHHxx
+3870	3030	0	2	0	10	70	870	1870	3870	3870	140	141	WSAAAA	OMEAAA	OOOOxx
+4962	3031	0	2	2	2	62	962	962	4962	4962	124	125	WIAAAA	PMEAAA	VVVVxx
+4842	3032	0	2	2	2	42	842	842	4842	4842	84	85	GEAAAA	QMEAAA	AAAAxx
+8814	3033	0	2	4	14	14	814	814	3814	8814	28	29	ABAAAA	RMEAAA	HHHHxx
+3429	3034	1	1	9	9	29	429	1429	3429	3429	58	59	XBAAAA	SMEAAA	OOOOxx
+6550	3035	0	2	0	10	50	550	550	1550	6550	100	101	YRAAAA	TMEAAA	VVVVxx
+6317	3036	1	1	7	17	17	317	317	1317	6317	34	35	ZIAAAA	UMEAAA	AAAAxx
+5023	3037	1	3	3	3	23	23	1023	23	5023	46	47	FLAAAA	VMEAAA	HHHHxx
+5825	3038	1	1	5	5	25	825	1825	825	5825	50	51	BQAAAA	WMEAAA	OOOOxx
+5297	3039	1	1	7	17	97	297	1297	297	5297	194	195	TVAAAA	XMEAAA	VVVVxx
+8764	3040	0	0	4	4	64	764	764	3764	8764	128	129	CZAAAA	YMEAAA	AAAAxx
+5084	3041	0	0	4	4	84	84	1084	84	5084	168	169	ONAAAA	ZMEAAA	HHHHxx
+6808	3042	0	0	8	8	8	808	808	1808	6808	16	17	WBAAAA	ANEAAA	OOOOxx
+1780	3043	0	0	0	0	80	780	1780	1780	1780	160	161	MQAAAA	BNEAAA	VVVVxx
+4092	3044	0	0	2	12	92	92	92	4092	4092	184	185	KBAAAA	CNEAAA	AAAAxx
+3618	3045	0	2	8	18	18	618	1618	3618	3618	36	37	EJAAAA	DNEAAA	HHHHxx
+7299	3046	1	3	9	19	99	299	1299	2299	7299	198	199	TUAAAA	ENEAAA	OOOOxx
+8544	3047	0	0	4	4	44	544	544	3544	8544	88	89	QQAAAA	FNEAAA	VVVVxx
+2359	3048	1	3	9	19	59	359	359	2359	2359	118	119	TMAAAA	GNEAAA	AAAAxx
+1939	3049	1	3	9	19	39	939	1939	1939	1939	78	79	PWAAAA	HNEAAA	HHHHxx
+5834	3050	0	2	4	14	34	834	1834	834	5834	68	69	KQAAAA	INEAAA	OOOOxx
+1997	3051	1	1	7	17	97	997	1997	1997	1997	194	195	VYAAAA	JNEAAA	VVVVxx
+7917	3052	1	1	7	17	17	917	1917	2917	7917	34	35	NSAAAA	KNEAAA	AAAAxx
+2098	3053	0	2	8	18	98	98	98	2098	2098	196	197	SCAAAA	LNEAAA	HHHHxx
+7576	3054	0	0	6	16	76	576	1576	2576	7576	152	153	KFAAAA	MNEAAA	OOOOxx
+376	3055	0	0	6	16	76	376	376	376	376	152	153	MOAAAA	NNEAAA	VVVVxx
+8535	3056	1	3	5	15	35	535	535	3535	8535	70	71	HQAAAA	ONEAAA	AAAAxx
+5659	3057	1	3	9	19	59	659	1659	659	5659	118	119	RJAAAA	PNEAAA	HHHHxx
+2786	3058	0	2	6	6	86	786	786	2786	2786	172	173	EDAAAA	QNEAAA	OOOOxx
+8820	3059	0	0	0	0	20	820	820	3820	8820	40	41	GBAAAA	RNEAAA	VVVVxx
+1229	3060	1	1	9	9	29	229	1229	1229	1229	58	59	HVAAAA	SNEAAA	AAAAxx
+9321	3061	1	1	1	1	21	321	1321	4321	9321	42	43	NUAAAA	TNEAAA	HHHHxx
+7662	3062	0	2	2	2	62	662	1662	2662	7662	124	125	SIAAAA	UNEAAA	OOOOxx
+5535	3063	1	3	5	15	35	535	1535	535	5535	70	71	XEAAAA	VNEAAA	VVVVxx
+4889	3064	1	1	9	9	89	889	889	4889	4889	178	179	BGAAAA	WNEAAA	AAAAxx
+8259	3065	1	3	9	19	59	259	259	3259	8259	118	119	RFAAAA	XNEAAA	HHHHxx
+6789	3066	1	1	9	9	89	789	789	1789	6789	178	179	DBAAAA	YNEAAA	OOOOxx
+5411	3067	1	3	1	11	11	411	1411	411	5411	22	23	DAAAAA	ZNEAAA	VVVVxx
+6992	3068	0	0	2	12	92	992	992	1992	6992	184	185	YIAAAA	AOEAAA	AAAAxx
+7698	3069	0	2	8	18	98	698	1698	2698	7698	196	197	CKAAAA	BOEAAA	HHHHxx
+2342	3070	0	2	2	2	42	342	342	2342	2342	84	85	CMAAAA	COEAAA	OOOOxx
+1501	3071	1	1	1	1	1	501	1501	1501	1501	2	3	TFAAAA	DOEAAA	VVVVxx
+6322	3072	0	2	2	2	22	322	322	1322	6322	44	45	EJAAAA	EOEAAA	AAAAxx
+9861	3073	1	1	1	1	61	861	1861	4861	9861	122	123	HPAAAA	FOEAAA	HHHHxx
+9802	3074	0	2	2	2	2	802	1802	4802	9802	4	5	ANAAAA	GOEAAA	OOOOxx
+4750	3075	0	2	0	10	50	750	750	4750	4750	100	101	SAAAAA	HOEAAA	VVVVxx
+5855	3076	1	3	5	15	55	855	1855	855	5855	110	111	FRAAAA	IOEAAA	AAAAxx
+4304	3077	0	0	4	4	4	304	304	4304	4304	8	9	OJAAAA	JOEAAA	HHHHxx
+2605	3078	1	1	5	5	5	605	605	2605	2605	10	11	FWAAAA	KOEAAA	OOOOxx
+1802	3079	0	2	2	2	2	802	1802	1802	1802	4	5	IRAAAA	LOEAAA	VVVVxx
+9368	3080	0	0	8	8	68	368	1368	4368	9368	136	137	IWAAAA	MOEAAA	AAAAxx
+7107	3081	1	3	7	7	7	107	1107	2107	7107	14	15	JNAAAA	NOEAAA	HHHHxx
+8895	3082	1	3	5	15	95	895	895	3895	8895	190	191	DEAAAA	OOEAAA	OOOOxx
+3750	3083	0	2	0	10	50	750	1750	3750	3750	100	101	GOAAAA	POEAAA	VVVVxx
+8934	3084	0	2	4	14	34	934	934	3934	8934	68	69	QFAAAA	QOEAAA	AAAAxx
+9464	3085	0	0	4	4	64	464	1464	4464	9464	128	129	AAAAAA	ROEAAA	HHHHxx
+1928	3086	0	0	8	8	28	928	1928	1928	1928	56	57	EWAAAA	SOEAAA	OOOOxx
+3196	3087	0	0	6	16	96	196	1196	3196	3196	192	193	YSAAAA	TOEAAA	VVVVxx
+5256	3088	0	0	6	16	56	256	1256	256	5256	112	113	EUAAAA	UOEAAA	AAAAxx
+7119	3089	1	3	9	19	19	119	1119	2119	7119	38	39	VNAAAA	VOEAAA	HHHHxx
+4495	3090	1	3	5	15	95	495	495	4495	4495	190	191	XQAAAA	WOEAAA	OOOOxx
+9292	3091	0	0	2	12	92	292	1292	4292	9292	184	185	KTAAAA	XOEAAA	VVVVxx
+1617	3092	1	1	7	17	17	617	1617	1617	1617	34	35	FKAAAA	YOEAAA	AAAAxx
+481	3093	1	1	1	1	81	481	481	481	481	162	163	NSAAAA	ZOEAAA	HHHHxx
+56	3094	0	0	6	16	56	56	56	56	56	112	113	ECAAAA	APEAAA	OOOOxx
+9120	3095	0	0	0	0	20	120	1120	4120	9120	40	41	UMAAAA	BPEAAA	VVVVxx
+1306	3096	0	2	6	6	6	306	1306	1306	1306	12	13	GYAAAA	CPEAAA	AAAAxx
+7773	3097	1	1	3	13	73	773	1773	2773	7773	146	147	ZMAAAA	DPEAAA	HHHHxx
+4863	3098	1	3	3	3	63	863	863	4863	4863	126	127	BFAAAA	EPEAAA	OOOOxx
+1114	3099	0	2	4	14	14	114	1114	1114	1114	28	29	WQAAAA	FPEAAA	VVVVxx
+8124	3100	0	0	4	4	24	124	124	3124	8124	48	49	MAAAAA	GPEAAA	AAAAxx
+6254	3101	0	2	4	14	54	254	254	1254	6254	108	109	OGAAAA	HPEAAA	HHHHxx
+8109	3102	1	1	9	9	9	109	109	3109	8109	18	19	XZAAAA	IPEAAA	OOOOxx
+1747	3103	1	3	7	7	47	747	1747	1747	1747	94	95	FPAAAA	JPEAAA	VVVVxx
+6185	3104	1	1	5	5	85	185	185	1185	6185	170	171	XDAAAA	KPEAAA	AAAAxx
+3388	3105	0	0	8	8	88	388	1388	3388	3388	176	177	IAAAAA	LPEAAA	HHHHxx
+4905	3106	1	1	5	5	5	905	905	4905	4905	10	11	RGAAAA	MPEAAA	OOOOxx
+5728	3107	0	0	8	8	28	728	1728	728	5728	56	57	IMAAAA	NPEAAA	VVVVxx
+7507	3108	1	3	7	7	7	507	1507	2507	7507	14	15	TCAAAA	OPEAAA	AAAAxx
+5662	3109	0	2	2	2	62	662	1662	662	5662	124	125	UJAAAA	PPEAAA	HHHHxx
+1686	3110	0	2	6	6	86	686	1686	1686	1686	172	173	WMAAAA	QPEAAA	OOOOxx
+5202	3111	0	2	2	2	2	202	1202	202	5202	4	5	CSAAAA	RPEAAA	VVVVxx
+6905	3112	1	1	5	5	5	905	905	1905	6905	10	11	PFAAAA	SPEAAA	AAAAxx
+9577	3113	1	1	7	17	77	577	1577	4577	9577	154	155	JEAAAA	TPEAAA	HHHHxx
+7194	3114	0	2	4	14	94	194	1194	2194	7194	188	189	SQAAAA	UPEAAA	OOOOxx
+7016	3115	0	0	6	16	16	16	1016	2016	7016	32	33	WJAAAA	VPEAAA	VVVVxx
+8905	3116	1	1	5	5	5	905	905	3905	8905	10	11	NEAAAA	WPEAAA	AAAAxx
+3419	3117	1	3	9	19	19	419	1419	3419	3419	38	39	NBAAAA	XPEAAA	HHHHxx
+6881	3118	1	1	1	1	81	881	881	1881	6881	162	163	REAAAA	YPEAAA	OOOOxx
+8370	3119	0	2	0	10	70	370	370	3370	8370	140	141	YJAAAA	ZPEAAA	VVVVxx
+6117	3120	1	1	7	17	17	117	117	1117	6117	34	35	HBAAAA	AQEAAA	AAAAxx
+1636	3121	0	0	6	16	36	636	1636	1636	1636	72	73	YKAAAA	BQEAAA	HHHHxx
+6857	3122	1	1	7	17	57	857	857	1857	6857	114	115	TDAAAA	CQEAAA	OOOOxx
+7163	3123	1	3	3	3	63	163	1163	2163	7163	126	127	NPAAAA	DQEAAA	VVVVxx
+5040	3124	0	0	0	0	40	40	1040	40	5040	80	81	WLAAAA	EQEAAA	AAAAxx
+6263	3125	1	3	3	3	63	263	263	1263	6263	126	127	XGAAAA	FQEAAA	HHHHxx
+4809	3126	1	1	9	9	9	809	809	4809	4809	18	19	ZCAAAA	GQEAAA	OOOOxx
+900	3127	0	0	0	0	0	900	900	900	900	0	1	QIAAAA	HQEAAA	VVVVxx
+3199	3128	1	3	9	19	99	199	1199	3199	3199	198	199	BTAAAA	IQEAAA	AAAAxx
+4156	3129	0	0	6	16	56	156	156	4156	4156	112	113	WDAAAA	JQEAAA	HHHHxx
+3501	3130	1	1	1	1	1	501	1501	3501	3501	2	3	REAAAA	KQEAAA	OOOOxx
+164	3131	0	0	4	4	64	164	164	164	164	128	129	IGAAAA	LQEAAA	VVVVxx
+9548	3132	0	0	8	8	48	548	1548	4548	9548	96	97	GDAAAA	MQEAAA	AAAAxx
+1149	3133	1	1	9	9	49	149	1149	1149	1149	98	99	FSAAAA	NQEAAA	HHHHxx
+1962	3134	0	2	2	2	62	962	1962	1962	1962	124	125	MXAAAA	OQEAAA	OOOOxx
+4072	3135	0	0	2	12	72	72	72	4072	4072	144	145	QAAAAA	PQEAAA	VVVVxx
+4280	3136	0	0	0	0	80	280	280	4280	4280	160	161	QIAAAA	QQEAAA	AAAAxx
+1398	3137	0	2	8	18	98	398	1398	1398	1398	196	197	UBAAAA	RQEAAA	HHHHxx
+725	3138	1	1	5	5	25	725	725	725	725	50	51	XBAAAA	SQEAAA	OOOOxx
+3988	3139	0	0	8	8	88	988	1988	3988	3988	176	177	KXAAAA	TQEAAA	VVVVxx
+5059	3140	1	3	9	19	59	59	1059	59	5059	118	119	PMAAAA	UQEAAA	AAAAxx
+2632	3141	0	0	2	12	32	632	632	2632	2632	64	65	GXAAAA	VQEAAA	HHHHxx
+1909	3142	1	1	9	9	9	909	1909	1909	1909	18	19	LVAAAA	WQEAAA	OOOOxx
+6827	3143	1	3	7	7	27	827	827	1827	6827	54	55	PCAAAA	XQEAAA	VVVVxx
+8156	3144	0	0	6	16	56	156	156	3156	8156	112	113	SBAAAA	YQEAAA	AAAAxx
+1192	3145	0	0	2	12	92	192	1192	1192	1192	184	185	WTAAAA	ZQEAAA	HHHHxx
+9545	3146	1	1	5	5	45	545	1545	4545	9545	90	91	DDAAAA	AREAAA	OOOOxx
+2249	3147	1	1	9	9	49	249	249	2249	2249	98	99	NIAAAA	BREAAA	VVVVxx
+5580	3148	0	0	0	0	80	580	1580	580	5580	160	161	QGAAAA	CREAAA	AAAAxx
+8403	3149	1	3	3	3	3	403	403	3403	8403	6	7	FLAAAA	DREAAA	HHHHxx
+4024	3150	0	0	4	4	24	24	24	4024	4024	48	49	UYAAAA	EREAAA	OOOOxx
+1866	3151	0	2	6	6	66	866	1866	1866	1866	132	133	UTAAAA	FREAAA	VVVVxx
+9251	3152	1	3	1	11	51	251	1251	4251	9251	102	103	VRAAAA	GREAAA	AAAAxx
+9979	3153	1	3	9	19	79	979	1979	4979	9979	158	159	VTAAAA	HREAAA	HHHHxx
+9899	3154	1	3	9	19	99	899	1899	4899	9899	198	199	TQAAAA	IREAAA	OOOOxx
+2540	3155	0	0	0	0	40	540	540	2540	2540	80	81	STAAAA	JREAAA	VVVVxx
+8957	3156	1	1	7	17	57	957	957	3957	8957	114	115	NGAAAA	KREAAA	AAAAxx
+7702	3157	0	2	2	2	2	702	1702	2702	7702	4	5	GKAAAA	LREAAA	HHHHxx
+4211	3158	1	3	1	11	11	211	211	4211	4211	22	23	ZFAAAA	MREAAA	OOOOxx
+6684	3159	0	0	4	4	84	684	684	1684	6684	168	169	CXAAAA	NREAAA	VVVVxx
+3883	3160	1	3	3	3	83	883	1883	3883	3883	166	167	JTAAAA	OREAAA	AAAAxx
+3531	3161	1	3	1	11	31	531	1531	3531	3531	62	63	VFAAAA	PREAAA	HHHHxx
+9178	3162	0	2	8	18	78	178	1178	4178	9178	156	157	APAAAA	QREAAA	OOOOxx
+3389	3163	1	1	9	9	89	389	1389	3389	3389	178	179	JAAAAA	RREAAA	VVVVxx
+7874	3164	0	2	4	14	74	874	1874	2874	7874	148	149	WQAAAA	SREAAA	AAAAxx
+4522	3165	0	2	2	2	22	522	522	4522	4522	44	45	YRAAAA	TREAAA	HHHHxx
+9399	3166	1	3	9	19	99	399	1399	4399	9399	198	199	NXAAAA	UREAAA	OOOOxx
+9083	3167	1	3	3	3	83	83	1083	4083	9083	166	167	JLAAAA	VREAAA	VVVVxx
+1530	3168	0	2	0	10	30	530	1530	1530	1530	60	61	WGAAAA	WREAAA	AAAAxx
+2360	3169	0	0	0	0	60	360	360	2360	2360	120	121	UMAAAA	XREAAA	HHHHxx
+4908	3170	0	0	8	8	8	908	908	4908	4908	16	17	UGAAAA	YREAAA	OOOOxx
+4628	3171	0	0	8	8	28	628	628	4628	4628	56	57	AWAAAA	ZREAAA	VVVVxx
+3889	3172	1	1	9	9	89	889	1889	3889	3889	178	179	PTAAAA	ASEAAA	AAAAxx
+1331	3173	1	3	1	11	31	331	1331	1331	1331	62	63	FZAAAA	BSEAAA	HHHHxx
+1942	3174	0	2	2	2	42	942	1942	1942	1942	84	85	SWAAAA	CSEAAA	OOOOxx
+4734	3175	0	2	4	14	34	734	734	4734	4734	68	69	CAAAAA	DSEAAA	VVVVxx
+8386	3176	0	2	6	6	86	386	386	3386	8386	172	173	OKAAAA	ESEAAA	AAAAxx
+3586	3177	0	2	6	6	86	586	1586	3586	3586	172	173	YHAAAA	FSEAAA	HHHHxx
+2354	3178	0	2	4	14	54	354	354	2354	2354	108	109	OMAAAA	GSEAAA	OOOOxx
+7108	3179	0	0	8	8	8	108	1108	2108	7108	16	17	KNAAAA	HSEAAA	VVVVxx
+1857	3180	1	1	7	17	57	857	1857	1857	1857	114	115	LTAAAA	ISEAAA	AAAAxx
+2544	3181	0	0	4	4	44	544	544	2544	2544	88	89	WTAAAA	JSEAAA	HHHHxx
+819	3182	1	3	9	19	19	819	819	819	819	38	39	NFAAAA	KSEAAA	OOOOxx
+2878	3183	0	2	8	18	78	878	878	2878	2878	156	157	SGAAAA	LSEAAA	VVVVxx
+1772	3184	0	0	2	12	72	772	1772	1772	1772	144	145	EQAAAA	MSEAAA	AAAAxx
+354	3185	0	2	4	14	54	354	354	354	354	108	109	QNAAAA	NSEAAA	HHHHxx
+3259	3186	1	3	9	19	59	259	1259	3259	3259	118	119	JVAAAA	OSEAAA	OOOOxx
+2170	3187	0	2	0	10	70	170	170	2170	2170	140	141	MFAAAA	PSEAAA	VVVVxx
+1190	3188	0	2	0	10	90	190	1190	1190	1190	180	181	UTAAAA	QSEAAA	AAAAxx
+3607	3189	1	3	7	7	7	607	1607	3607	3607	14	15	TIAAAA	RSEAAA	HHHHxx
+4661	3190	1	1	1	1	61	661	661	4661	4661	122	123	HXAAAA	SSEAAA	OOOOxx
+1796	3191	0	0	6	16	96	796	1796	1796	1796	192	193	CRAAAA	TSEAAA	VVVVxx
+1561	3192	1	1	1	1	61	561	1561	1561	1561	122	123	BIAAAA	USEAAA	AAAAxx
+4336	3193	0	0	6	16	36	336	336	4336	4336	72	73	UKAAAA	VSEAAA	HHHHxx
+7550	3194	0	2	0	10	50	550	1550	2550	7550	100	101	KEAAAA	WSEAAA	OOOOxx
+3238	3195	0	2	8	18	38	238	1238	3238	3238	76	77	OUAAAA	XSEAAA	VVVVxx
+9870	3196	0	2	0	10	70	870	1870	4870	9870	140	141	QPAAAA	YSEAAA	AAAAxx
+6502	3197	0	2	2	2	2	502	502	1502	6502	4	5	CQAAAA	ZSEAAA	HHHHxx
+3903	3198	1	3	3	3	3	903	1903	3903	3903	6	7	DUAAAA	ATEAAA	OOOOxx
+2869	3199	1	1	9	9	69	869	869	2869	2869	138	139	JGAAAA	BTEAAA	VVVVxx
+5072	3200	0	0	2	12	72	72	1072	72	5072	144	145	CNAAAA	CTEAAA	AAAAxx
+1201	3201	1	1	1	1	1	201	1201	1201	1201	2	3	FUAAAA	DTEAAA	HHHHxx
+6245	3202	1	1	5	5	45	245	245	1245	6245	90	91	FGAAAA	ETEAAA	OOOOxx
+1402	3203	0	2	2	2	2	402	1402	1402	1402	4	5	YBAAAA	FTEAAA	VVVVxx
+2594	3204	0	2	4	14	94	594	594	2594	2594	188	189	UVAAAA	GTEAAA	AAAAxx
+9171	3205	1	3	1	11	71	171	1171	4171	9171	142	143	TOAAAA	HTEAAA	HHHHxx
+2620	3206	0	0	0	0	20	620	620	2620	2620	40	41	UWAAAA	ITEAAA	OOOOxx
+6309	3207	1	1	9	9	9	309	309	1309	6309	18	19	RIAAAA	JTEAAA	VVVVxx
+1285	3208	1	1	5	5	85	285	1285	1285	1285	170	171	LXAAAA	KTEAAA	AAAAxx
+5466	3209	0	2	6	6	66	466	1466	466	5466	132	133	GCAAAA	LTEAAA	HHHHxx
+168	3210	0	0	8	8	68	168	168	168	168	136	137	MGAAAA	MTEAAA	OOOOxx
+1410	3211	0	2	0	10	10	410	1410	1410	1410	20	21	GCAAAA	NTEAAA	VVVVxx
+6332	3212	0	0	2	12	32	332	332	1332	6332	64	65	OJAAAA	OTEAAA	AAAAxx
+9530	3213	0	2	0	10	30	530	1530	4530	9530	60	61	OCAAAA	PTEAAA	HHHHxx
+7749	3214	1	1	9	9	49	749	1749	2749	7749	98	99	BMAAAA	QTEAAA	OOOOxx
+3656	3215	0	0	6	16	56	656	1656	3656	3656	112	113	QKAAAA	RTEAAA	VVVVxx
+37	3216	1	1	7	17	37	37	37	37	37	74	75	LBAAAA	STEAAA	AAAAxx
+2744	3217	0	0	4	4	44	744	744	2744	2744	88	89	OBAAAA	TTEAAA	HHHHxx
+4206	3218	0	2	6	6	6	206	206	4206	4206	12	13	UFAAAA	UTEAAA	OOOOxx
+1846	3219	0	2	6	6	46	846	1846	1846	1846	92	93	ATAAAA	VTEAAA	VVVVxx
+9913	3220	1	1	3	13	13	913	1913	4913	9913	26	27	HRAAAA	WTEAAA	AAAAxx
+4078	3221	0	2	8	18	78	78	78	4078	4078	156	157	WAAAAA	XTEAAA	HHHHxx
+2080	3222	0	0	0	0	80	80	80	2080	2080	160	161	ACAAAA	YTEAAA	OOOOxx
+4169	3223	1	1	9	9	69	169	169	4169	4169	138	139	JEAAAA	ZTEAAA	VVVVxx
+2070	3224	0	2	0	10	70	70	70	2070	2070	140	141	QBAAAA	AUEAAA	AAAAxx
+4500	3225	0	0	0	0	0	500	500	4500	4500	0	1	CRAAAA	BUEAAA	HHHHxx
+4123	3226	1	3	3	3	23	123	123	4123	4123	46	47	PCAAAA	CUEAAA	OOOOxx
+5594	3227	0	2	4	14	94	594	1594	594	5594	188	189	EHAAAA	DUEAAA	VVVVxx
+9941	3228	1	1	1	1	41	941	1941	4941	9941	82	83	JSAAAA	EUEAAA	AAAAxx
+7154	3229	0	2	4	14	54	154	1154	2154	7154	108	109	EPAAAA	FUEAAA	HHHHxx
+8340	3230	0	0	0	0	40	340	340	3340	8340	80	81	UIAAAA	GUEAAA	OOOOxx
+7110	3231	0	2	0	10	10	110	1110	2110	7110	20	21	MNAAAA	HUEAAA	VVVVxx
+7795	3232	1	3	5	15	95	795	1795	2795	7795	190	191	VNAAAA	IUEAAA	AAAAxx
+132	3233	0	0	2	12	32	132	132	132	132	64	65	CFAAAA	JUEAAA	HHHHxx
+4603	3234	1	3	3	3	3	603	603	4603	4603	6	7	BVAAAA	KUEAAA	OOOOxx
+9720	3235	0	0	0	0	20	720	1720	4720	9720	40	41	WJAAAA	LUEAAA	VVVVxx
+1460	3236	0	0	0	0	60	460	1460	1460	1460	120	121	EEAAAA	MUEAAA	AAAAxx
+4677	3237	1	1	7	17	77	677	677	4677	4677	154	155	XXAAAA	NUEAAA	HHHHxx
+9272	3238	0	0	2	12	72	272	1272	4272	9272	144	145	QSAAAA	OUEAAA	OOOOxx
+2279	3239	1	3	9	19	79	279	279	2279	2279	158	159	RJAAAA	PUEAAA	VVVVxx
+4587	3240	1	3	7	7	87	587	587	4587	4587	174	175	LUAAAA	QUEAAA	AAAAxx
+2244	3241	0	0	4	4	44	244	244	2244	2244	88	89	IIAAAA	RUEAAA	HHHHxx
+742	3242	0	2	2	2	42	742	742	742	742	84	85	OCAAAA	SUEAAA	OOOOxx
+4426	3243	0	2	6	6	26	426	426	4426	4426	52	53	GOAAAA	TUEAAA	VVVVxx
+4571	3244	1	3	1	11	71	571	571	4571	4571	142	143	VTAAAA	UUEAAA	AAAAxx
+4775	3245	1	3	5	15	75	775	775	4775	4775	150	151	RBAAAA	VUEAAA	HHHHxx
+24	3246	0	0	4	4	24	24	24	24	24	48	49	YAAAAA	WUEAAA	OOOOxx
+4175	3247	1	3	5	15	75	175	175	4175	4175	150	151	PEAAAA	XUEAAA	VVVVxx
+9877	3248	1	1	7	17	77	877	1877	4877	9877	154	155	XPAAAA	YUEAAA	AAAAxx
+7271	3249	1	3	1	11	71	271	1271	2271	7271	142	143	RTAAAA	ZUEAAA	HHHHxx
+5468	3250	0	0	8	8	68	468	1468	468	5468	136	137	ICAAAA	AVEAAA	OOOOxx
+6106	3251	0	2	6	6	6	106	106	1106	6106	12	13	WAAAAA	BVEAAA	VVVVxx
+9005	3252	1	1	5	5	5	5	1005	4005	9005	10	11	JIAAAA	CVEAAA	AAAAxx
+109	3253	1	1	9	9	9	109	109	109	109	18	19	FEAAAA	DVEAAA	HHHHxx
+6365	3254	1	1	5	5	65	365	365	1365	6365	130	131	VKAAAA	EVEAAA	OOOOxx
+7437	3255	1	1	7	17	37	437	1437	2437	7437	74	75	BAAAAA	FVEAAA	VVVVxx
+7979	3256	1	3	9	19	79	979	1979	2979	7979	158	159	XUAAAA	GVEAAA	AAAAxx
+6050	3257	0	2	0	10	50	50	50	1050	6050	100	101	SYAAAA	HVEAAA	HHHHxx
+2853	3258	1	1	3	13	53	853	853	2853	2853	106	107	TFAAAA	IVEAAA	OOOOxx
+7603	3259	1	3	3	3	3	603	1603	2603	7603	6	7	LGAAAA	JVEAAA	VVVVxx
+483	3260	1	3	3	3	83	483	483	483	483	166	167	PSAAAA	KVEAAA	AAAAxx
+5994	3261	0	2	4	14	94	994	1994	994	5994	188	189	OWAAAA	LVEAAA	HHHHxx
+6708	3262	0	0	8	8	8	708	708	1708	6708	16	17	AYAAAA	MVEAAA	OOOOxx
+5090	3263	0	2	0	10	90	90	1090	90	5090	180	181	UNAAAA	NVEAAA	VVVVxx
+4608	3264	0	0	8	8	8	608	608	4608	4608	16	17	GVAAAA	OVEAAA	AAAAxx
+4551	3265	1	3	1	11	51	551	551	4551	4551	102	103	BTAAAA	PVEAAA	HHHHxx
+5437	3266	1	1	7	17	37	437	1437	437	5437	74	75	DBAAAA	QVEAAA	OOOOxx
+4130	3267	0	2	0	10	30	130	130	4130	4130	60	61	WCAAAA	RVEAAA	VVVVxx
+6363	3268	1	3	3	3	63	363	363	1363	6363	126	127	TKAAAA	SVEAAA	AAAAxx
+1499	3269	1	3	9	19	99	499	1499	1499	1499	198	199	RFAAAA	TVEAAA	HHHHxx
+384	3270	0	0	4	4	84	384	384	384	384	168	169	UOAAAA	UVEAAA	OOOOxx
+2266	3271	0	2	6	6	66	266	266	2266	2266	132	133	EJAAAA	VVEAAA	VVVVxx
+6018	3272	0	2	8	18	18	18	18	1018	6018	36	37	MXAAAA	WVEAAA	AAAAxx
+7915	3273	1	3	5	15	15	915	1915	2915	7915	30	31	LSAAAA	XVEAAA	HHHHxx
+6167	3274	1	3	7	7	67	167	167	1167	6167	134	135	FDAAAA	YVEAAA	OOOOxx
+9988	3275	0	0	8	8	88	988	1988	4988	9988	176	177	EUAAAA	ZVEAAA	VVVVxx
+6599	3276	1	3	9	19	99	599	599	1599	6599	198	199	VTAAAA	AWEAAA	AAAAxx
+1693	3277	1	1	3	13	93	693	1693	1693	1693	186	187	DNAAAA	BWEAAA	HHHHxx
+5971	3278	1	3	1	11	71	971	1971	971	5971	142	143	RVAAAA	CWEAAA	OOOOxx
+8470	3279	0	2	0	10	70	470	470	3470	8470	140	141	UNAAAA	DWEAAA	VVVVxx
+2807	3280	1	3	7	7	7	807	807	2807	2807	14	15	ZDAAAA	EWEAAA	AAAAxx
+1120	3281	0	0	0	0	20	120	1120	1120	1120	40	41	CRAAAA	FWEAAA	HHHHxx
+5924	3282	0	0	4	4	24	924	1924	924	5924	48	49	WTAAAA	GWEAAA	OOOOxx
+9025	3283	1	1	5	5	25	25	1025	4025	9025	50	51	DJAAAA	HWEAAA	VVVVxx
+9454	3284	0	2	4	14	54	454	1454	4454	9454	108	109	QZAAAA	IWEAAA	AAAAxx
+2259	3285	1	3	9	19	59	259	259	2259	2259	118	119	XIAAAA	JWEAAA	HHHHxx
+5249	3286	1	1	9	9	49	249	1249	249	5249	98	99	XTAAAA	KWEAAA	OOOOxx
+6350	3287	0	2	0	10	50	350	350	1350	6350	100	101	GKAAAA	LWEAAA	VVVVxx
+2930	3288	0	2	0	10	30	930	930	2930	2930	60	61	SIAAAA	MWEAAA	AAAAxx
+6055	3289	1	3	5	15	55	55	55	1055	6055	110	111	XYAAAA	NWEAAA	HHHHxx
+7691	3290	1	3	1	11	91	691	1691	2691	7691	182	183	VJAAAA	OWEAAA	OOOOxx
+1573	3291	1	1	3	13	73	573	1573	1573	1573	146	147	NIAAAA	PWEAAA	VVVVxx
+9943	3292	1	3	3	3	43	943	1943	4943	9943	86	87	LSAAAA	QWEAAA	AAAAxx
+3085	3293	1	1	5	5	85	85	1085	3085	3085	170	171	ROAAAA	RWEAAA	HHHHxx
+5928	3294	0	0	8	8	28	928	1928	928	5928	56	57	AUAAAA	SWEAAA	OOOOxx
+887	3295	1	3	7	7	87	887	887	887	887	174	175	DIAAAA	TWEAAA	VVVVxx
+4630	3296	0	2	0	10	30	630	630	4630	4630	60	61	CWAAAA	UWEAAA	AAAAxx
+9827	3297	1	3	7	7	27	827	1827	4827	9827	54	55	ZNAAAA	VWEAAA	HHHHxx
+8926	3298	0	2	6	6	26	926	926	3926	8926	52	53	IFAAAA	WWEAAA	OOOOxx
+5726	3299	0	2	6	6	26	726	1726	726	5726	52	53	GMAAAA	XWEAAA	VVVVxx
+1569	3300	1	1	9	9	69	569	1569	1569	1569	138	139	JIAAAA	YWEAAA	AAAAxx
+8074	3301	0	2	4	14	74	74	74	3074	8074	148	149	OYAAAA	ZWEAAA	HHHHxx
+7909	3302	1	1	9	9	9	909	1909	2909	7909	18	19	FSAAAA	AXEAAA	OOOOxx
+8367	3303	1	3	7	7	67	367	367	3367	8367	134	135	VJAAAA	BXEAAA	VVVVxx
+7217	3304	1	1	7	17	17	217	1217	2217	7217	34	35	PRAAAA	CXEAAA	AAAAxx
+5254	3305	0	2	4	14	54	254	1254	254	5254	108	109	CUAAAA	DXEAAA	HHHHxx
+1181	3306	1	1	1	1	81	181	1181	1181	1181	162	163	LTAAAA	EXEAAA	OOOOxx
+6907	3307	1	3	7	7	7	907	907	1907	6907	14	15	RFAAAA	FXEAAA	VVVVxx
+5508	3308	0	0	8	8	8	508	1508	508	5508	16	17	WDAAAA	GXEAAA	AAAAxx
+4782	3309	0	2	2	2	82	782	782	4782	4782	164	165	YBAAAA	HXEAAA	HHHHxx
+793	3310	1	1	3	13	93	793	793	793	793	186	187	NEAAAA	IXEAAA	OOOOxx
+5740	3311	0	0	0	0	40	740	1740	740	5740	80	81	UMAAAA	JXEAAA	VVVVxx
+3107	3312	1	3	7	7	7	107	1107	3107	3107	14	15	NPAAAA	KXEAAA	AAAAxx
+1197	3313	1	1	7	17	97	197	1197	1197	1197	194	195	BUAAAA	LXEAAA	HHHHxx
+4376	3314	0	0	6	16	76	376	376	4376	4376	152	153	IMAAAA	MXEAAA	OOOOxx
+6226	3315	0	2	6	6	26	226	226	1226	6226	52	53	MFAAAA	NXEAAA	VVVVxx
+5033	3316	1	1	3	13	33	33	1033	33	5033	66	67	PLAAAA	OXEAAA	AAAAxx
+5494	3317	0	2	4	14	94	494	1494	494	5494	188	189	IDAAAA	PXEAAA	HHHHxx
+3244	3318	0	0	4	4	44	244	1244	3244	3244	88	89	UUAAAA	QXEAAA	OOOOxx
+7670	3319	0	2	0	10	70	670	1670	2670	7670	140	141	AJAAAA	RXEAAA	VVVVxx
+9273	3320	1	1	3	13	73	273	1273	4273	9273	146	147	RSAAAA	SXEAAA	AAAAxx
+5248	3321	0	0	8	8	48	248	1248	248	5248	96	97	WTAAAA	TXEAAA	HHHHxx
+3381	3322	1	1	1	1	81	381	1381	3381	3381	162	163	BAAAAA	UXEAAA	OOOOxx
+4136	3323	0	0	6	16	36	136	136	4136	4136	72	73	CDAAAA	VXEAAA	VVVVxx
+4163	3324	1	3	3	3	63	163	163	4163	4163	126	127	DEAAAA	WXEAAA	AAAAxx
+4270	3325	0	2	0	10	70	270	270	4270	4270	140	141	GIAAAA	XXEAAA	HHHHxx
+1729	3326	1	1	9	9	29	729	1729	1729	1729	58	59	NOAAAA	YXEAAA	OOOOxx
+2778	3327	0	2	8	18	78	778	778	2778	2778	156	157	WCAAAA	ZXEAAA	VVVVxx
+5082	3328	0	2	2	2	82	82	1082	82	5082	164	165	MNAAAA	AYEAAA	AAAAxx
+870	3329	0	2	0	10	70	870	870	870	870	140	141	MHAAAA	BYEAAA	HHHHxx
+4192	3330	0	0	2	12	92	192	192	4192	4192	184	185	GFAAAA	CYEAAA	OOOOxx
+308	3331	0	0	8	8	8	308	308	308	308	16	17	WLAAAA	DYEAAA	VVVVxx
+6783	3332	1	3	3	3	83	783	783	1783	6783	166	167	XAAAAA	EYEAAA	AAAAxx
+7611	3333	1	3	1	11	11	611	1611	2611	7611	22	23	TGAAAA	FYEAAA	HHHHxx
+4221	3334	1	1	1	1	21	221	221	4221	4221	42	43	JGAAAA	GYEAAA	OOOOxx
+6353	3335	1	1	3	13	53	353	353	1353	6353	106	107	JKAAAA	HYEAAA	VVVVxx
+1830	3336	0	2	0	10	30	830	1830	1830	1830	60	61	KSAAAA	IYEAAA	AAAAxx
+2437	3337	1	1	7	17	37	437	437	2437	2437	74	75	TPAAAA	JYEAAA	HHHHxx
+3360	3338	0	0	0	0	60	360	1360	3360	3360	120	121	GZAAAA	KYEAAA	OOOOxx
+1829	3339	1	1	9	9	29	829	1829	1829	1829	58	59	JSAAAA	LYEAAA	VVVVxx
+9475	3340	1	3	5	15	75	475	1475	4475	9475	150	151	LAAAAA	MYEAAA	AAAAxx
+4566	3341	0	2	6	6	66	566	566	4566	4566	132	133	QTAAAA	NYEAAA	HHHHxx
+9944	3342	0	0	4	4	44	944	1944	4944	9944	88	89	MSAAAA	OYEAAA	OOOOxx
+6054	3343	0	2	4	14	54	54	54	1054	6054	108	109	WYAAAA	PYEAAA	VVVVxx
+4722	3344	0	2	2	2	22	722	722	4722	4722	44	45	QZAAAA	QYEAAA	AAAAxx
+2779	3345	1	3	9	19	79	779	779	2779	2779	158	159	XCAAAA	RYEAAA	HHHHxx
+8051	3346	1	3	1	11	51	51	51	3051	8051	102	103	RXAAAA	SYEAAA	OOOOxx
+9671	3347	1	3	1	11	71	671	1671	4671	9671	142	143	ZHAAAA	TYEAAA	VVVVxx
+6084	3348	0	0	4	4	84	84	84	1084	6084	168	169	AAAAAA	UYEAAA	AAAAxx
+3729	3349	1	1	9	9	29	729	1729	3729	3729	58	59	LNAAAA	VYEAAA	HHHHxx
+6627	3350	1	3	7	7	27	627	627	1627	6627	54	55	XUAAAA	WYEAAA	OOOOxx
+4769	3351	1	1	9	9	69	769	769	4769	4769	138	139	LBAAAA	XYEAAA	VVVVxx
+2224	3352	0	0	4	4	24	224	224	2224	2224	48	49	OHAAAA	YYEAAA	AAAAxx
+1404	3353	0	0	4	4	4	404	1404	1404	1404	8	9	ACAAAA	ZYEAAA	HHHHxx
+8532	3354	0	0	2	12	32	532	532	3532	8532	64	65	EQAAAA	AZEAAA	OOOOxx
+6759	3355	1	3	9	19	59	759	759	1759	6759	118	119	ZZAAAA	BZEAAA	VVVVxx
+6404	3356	0	0	4	4	4	404	404	1404	6404	8	9	IMAAAA	CZEAAA	AAAAxx
+3144	3357	0	0	4	4	44	144	1144	3144	3144	88	89	YQAAAA	DZEAAA	HHHHxx
+973	3358	1	1	3	13	73	973	973	973	973	146	147	LLAAAA	EZEAAA	OOOOxx
+9789	3359	1	1	9	9	89	789	1789	4789	9789	178	179	NMAAAA	FZEAAA	VVVVxx
+6181	3360	1	1	1	1	81	181	181	1181	6181	162	163	TDAAAA	GZEAAA	AAAAxx
+1519	3361	1	3	9	19	19	519	1519	1519	1519	38	39	LGAAAA	HZEAAA	HHHHxx
+9729	3362	1	1	9	9	29	729	1729	4729	9729	58	59	FKAAAA	IZEAAA	OOOOxx
+8167	3363	1	3	7	7	67	167	167	3167	8167	134	135	DCAAAA	JZEAAA	VVVVxx
+3830	3364	0	2	0	10	30	830	1830	3830	3830	60	61	IRAAAA	KZEAAA	AAAAxx
+6286	3365	0	2	6	6	86	286	286	1286	6286	172	173	UHAAAA	LZEAAA	HHHHxx
+3047	3366	1	3	7	7	47	47	1047	3047	3047	94	95	FNAAAA	MZEAAA	OOOOxx
+3183	3367	1	3	3	3	83	183	1183	3183	3183	166	167	LSAAAA	NZEAAA	VVVVxx
+6687	3368	1	3	7	7	87	687	687	1687	6687	174	175	FXAAAA	OZEAAA	AAAAxx
+2783	3369	1	3	3	3	83	783	783	2783	2783	166	167	BDAAAA	PZEAAA	HHHHxx
+9920	3370	0	0	0	0	20	920	1920	4920	9920	40	41	ORAAAA	QZEAAA	OOOOxx
+4847	3371	1	3	7	7	47	847	847	4847	4847	94	95	LEAAAA	RZEAAA	VVVVxx
+3645	3372	1	1	5	5	45	645	1645	3645	3645	90	91	FKAAAA	SZEAAA	AAAAxx
+7406	3373	0	2	6	6	6	406	1406	2406	7406	12	13	WYAAAA	TZEAAA	HHHHxx
+6003	3374	1	3	3	3	3	3	3	1003	6003	6	7	XWAAAA	UZEAAA	OOOOxx
+3408	3375	0	0	8	8	8	408	1408	3408	3408	16	17	CBAAAA	VZEAAA	VVVVxx
+4243	3376	1	3	3	3	43	243	243	4243	4243	86	87	FHAAAA	WZEAAA	AAAAxx
+1622	3377	0	2	2	2	22	622	1622	1622	1622	44	45	KKAAAA	XZEAAA	HHHHxx
+5319	3378	1	3	9	19	19	319	1319	319	5319	38	39	PWAAAA	YZEAAA	OOOOxx
+4033	3379	1	1	3	13	33	33	33	4033	4033	66	67	DZAAAA	ZZEAAA	VVVVxx
+8573	3380	1	1	3	13	73	573	573	3573	8573	146	147	TRAAAA	AAFAAA	AAAAxx
+8404	3381	0	0	4	4	4	404	404	3404	8404	8	9	GLAAAA	BAFAAA	HHHHxx
+6993	3382	1	1	3	13	93	993	993	1993	6993	186	187	ZIAAAA	CAFAAA	OOOOxx
+660	3383	0	0	0	0	60	660	660	660	660	120	121	KZAAAA	DAFAAA	VVVVxx
+1136	3384	0	0	6	16	36	136	1136	1136	1136	72	73	SRAAAA	EAFAAA	AAAAxx
+3393	3385	1	1	3	13	93	393	1393	3393	3393	186	187	NAAAAA	FAFAAA	HHHHxx
+9743	3386	1	3	3	3	43	743	1743	4743	9743	86	87	TKAAAA	GAFAAA	OOOOxx
+9705	3387	1	1	5	5	5	705	1705	4705	9705	10	11	HJAAAA	HAFAAA	VVVVxx
+6960	3388	0	0	0	0	60	960	960	1960	6960	120	121	SHAAAA	IAFAAA	AAAAxx
+2753	3389	1	1	3	13	53	753	753	2753	2753	106	107	XBAAAA	JAFAAA	HHHHxx
+906	3390	0	2	6	6	6	906	906	906	906	12	13	WIAAAA	KAFAAA	OOOOxx
+999	3391	1	3	9	19	99	999	999	999	999	198	199	LMAAAA	LAFAAA	VVVVxx
+6927	3392	1	3	7	7	27	927	927	1927	6927	54	55	LGAAAA	MAFAAA	AAAAxx
+4846	3393	0	2	6	6	46	846	846	4846	4846	92	93	KEAAAA	NAFAAA	HHHHxx
+676	3394	0	0	6	16	76	676	676	676	676	152	153	AAAAAA	OAFAAA	OOOOxx
+8612	3395	0	0	2	12	12	612	612	3612	8612	24	25	GTAAAA	PAFAAA	VVVVxx
+4111	3396	1	3	1	11	11	111	111	4111	4111	22	23	DCAAAA	QAFAAA	AAAAxx
+9994	3397	0	2	4	14	94	994	1994	4994	9994	188	189	KUAAAA	RAFAAA	HHHHxx
+4399	3398	1	3	9	19	99	399	399	4399	4399	198	199	FNAAAA	SAFAAA	OOOOxx
+4464	3399	0	0	4	4	64	464	464	4464	4464	128	129	SPAAAA	TAFAAA	VVVVxx
+7316	3400	0	0	6	16	16	316	1316	2316	7316	32	33	KVAAAA	UAFAAA	AAAAxx
+8982	3401	0	2	2	2	82	982	982	3982	8982	164	165	MHAAAA	VAFAAA	HHHHxx
+1871	3402	1	3	1	11	71	871	1871	1871	1871	142	143	ZTAAAA	WAFAAA	OOOOxx
+4082	3403	0	2	2	2	82	82	82	4082	4082	164	165	ABAAAA	XAFAAA	VVVVxx
+3949	3404	1	1	9	9	49	949	1949	3949	3949	98	99	XVAAAA	YAFAAA	AAAAxx
+9352	3405	0	0	2	12	52	352	1352	4352	9352	104	105	SVAAAA	ZAFAAA	HHHHxx
+9638	3406	0	2	8	18	38	638	1638	4638	9638	76	77	SGAAAA	ABFAAA	OOOOxx
+8177	3407	1	1	7	17	77	177	177	3177	8177	154	155	NCAAAA	BBFAAA	VVVVxx
+3499	3408	1	3	9	19	99	499	1499	3499	3499	198	199	PEAAAA	CBFAAA	AAAAxx
+4233	3409	1	1	3	13	33	233	233	4233	4233	66	67	VGAAAA	DBFAAA	HHHHxx
+1953	3410	1	1	3	13	53	953	1953	1953	1953	106	107	DXAAAA	EBFAAA	OOOOxx
+7372	3411	0	0	2	12	72	372	1372	2372	7372	144	145	OXAAAA	FBFAAA	VVVVxx
+5127	3412	1	3	7	7	27	127	1127	127	5127	54	55	FPAAAA	GBFAAA	AAAAxx
+4384	3413	0	0	4	4	84	384	384	4384	4384	168	169	QMAAAA	HBFAAA	HHHHxx
+9964	3414	0	0	4	4	64	964	1964	4964	9964	128	129	GTAAAA	IBFAAA	OOOOxx
+5392	3415	0	0	2	12	92	392	1392	392	5392	184	185	KZAAAA	JBFAAA	VVVVxx
+616	3416	0	0	6	16	16	616	616	616	616	32	33	SXAAAA	KBFAAA	AAAAxx
+591	3417	1	3	1	11	91	591	591	591	591	182	183	TWAAAA	LBFAAA	HHHHxx
+6422	3418	0	2	2	2	22	422	422	1422	6422	44	45	ANAAAA	MBFAAA	OOOOxx
+6551	3419	1	3	1	11	51	551	551	1551	6551	102	103	ZRAAAA	NBFAAA	VVVVxx
+9286	3420	0	2	6	6	86	286	1286	4286	9286	172	173	ETAAAA	OBFAAA	AAAAxx
+3817	3421	1	1	7	17	17	817	1817	3817	3817	34	35	VQAAAA	PBFAAA	HHHHxx
+7717	3422	1	1	7	17	17	717	1717	2717	7717	34	35	VKAAAA	QBFAAA	OOOOxx
+8718	3423	0	2	8	18	18	718	718	3718	8718	36	37	IXAAAA	RBFAAA	VVVVxx
+8608	3424	0	0	8	8	8	608	608	3608	8608	16	17	CTAAAA	SBFAAA	AAAAxx
+2242	3425	0	2	2	2	42	242	242	2242	2242	84	85	GIAAAA	TBFAAA	HHHHxx
+4811	3426	1	3	1	11	11	811	811	4811	4811	22	23	BDAAAA	UBFAAA	OOOOxx
+6838	3427	0	2	8	18	38	838	838	1838	6838	76	77	ADAAAA	VBFAAA	VVVVxx
+787	3428	1	3	7	7	87	787	787	787	787	174	175	HEAAAA	WBFAAA	AAAAxx
+7940	3429	0	0	0	0	40	940	1940	2940	7940	80	81	KTAAAA	XBFAAA	HHHHxx
+336	3430	0	0	6	16	36	336	336	336	336	72	73	YMAAAA	YBFAAA	OOOOxx
+9859	3431	1	3	9	19	59	859	1859	4859	9859	118	119	FPAAAA	ZBFAAA	VVVVxx
+3864	3432	0	0	4	4	64	864	1864	3864	3864	128	129	QSAAAA	ACFAAA	AAAAxx
+7162	3433	0	2	2	2	62	162	1162	2162	7162	124	125	MPAAAA	BCFAAA	HHHHxx
+2071	3434	1	3	1	11	71	71	71	2071	2071	142	143	RBAAAA	CCFAAA	OOOOxx
+7469	3435	1	1	9	9	69	469	1469	2469	7469	138	139	HBAAAA	DCFAAA	VVVVxx
+2917	3436	1	1	7	17	17	917	917	2917	2917	34	35	FIAAAA	ECFAAA	AAAAxx
+7486	3437	0	2	6	6	86	486	1486	2486	7486	172	173	YBAAAA	FCFAAA	HHHHxx
+3355	3438	1	3	5	15	55	355	1355	3355	3355	110	111	BZAAAA	GCFAAA	OOOOxx
+6998	3439	0	2	8	18	98	998	998	1998	6998	196	197	EJAAAA	HCFAAA	VVVVxx
+5498	3440	0	2	8	18	98	498	1498	498	5498	196	197	MDAAAA	ICFAAA	AAAAxx
+5113	3441	1	1	3	13	13	113	1113	113	5113	26	27	ROAAAA	JCFAAA	HHHHxx
+2846	3442	0	2	6	6	46	846	846	2846	2846	92	93	MFAAAA	KCFAAA	OOOOxx
+6834	3443	0	2	4	14	34	834	834	1834	6834	68	69	WCAAAA	LCFAAA	VVVVxx
+8925	3444	1	1	5	5	25	925	925	3925	8925	50	51	HFAAAA	MCFAAA	AAAAxx
+2757	3445	1	1	7	17	57	757	757	2757	2757	114	115	BCAAAA	NCFAAA	HHHHxx
+2775	3446	1	3	5	15	75	775	775	2775	2775	150	151	TCAAAA	OCFAAA	OOOOxx
+6182	3447	0	2	2	2	82	182	182	1182	6182	164	165	UDAAAA	PCFAAA	VVVVxx
+4488	3448	0	0	8	8	88	488	488	4488	4488	176	177	QQAAAA	QCFAAA	AAAAxx
+8523	3449	1	3	3	3	23	523	523	3523	8523	46	47	VPAAAA	RCFAAA	HHHHxx
+52	3450	0	0	2	12	52	52	52	52	52	104	105	ACAAAA	SCFAAA	OOOOxx
+7251	3451	1	3	1	11	51	251	1251	2251	7251	102	103	XSAAAA	TCFAAA	VVVVxx
+6130	3452	0	2	0	10	30	130	130	1130	6130	60	61	UBAAAA	UCFAAA	AAAAxx
+205	3453	1	1	5	5	5	205	205	205	205	10	11	XHAAAA	VCFAAA	HHHHxx
+1186	3454	0	2	6	6	86	186	1186	1186	1186	172	173	QTAAAA	WCFAAA	OOOOxx
+1738	3455	0	2	8	18	38	738	1738	1738	1738	76	77	WOAAAA	XCFAAA	VVVVxx
+9485	3456	1	1	5	5	85	485	1485	4485	9485	170	171	VAAAAA	YCFAAA	AAAAxx
+4235	3457	1	3	5	15	35	235	235	4235	4235	70	71	XGAAAA	ZCFAAA	HHHHxx
+7891	3458	1	3	1	11	91	891	1891	2891	7891	182	183	NRAAAA	ADFAAA	OOOOxx
+4960	3459	0	0	0	0	60	960	960	4960	4960	120	121	UIAAAA	BDFAAA	VVVVxx
+8911	3460	1	3	1	11	11	911	911	3911	8911	22	23	TEAAAA	CDFAAA	AAAAxx
+1219	3461	1	3	9	19	19	219	1219	1219	1219	38	39	XUAAAA	DDFAAA	HHHHxx
+9652	3462	0	0	2	12	52	652	1652	4652	9652	104	105	GHAAAA	EDFAAA	OOOOxx
+9715	3463	1	3	5	15	15	715	1715	4715	9715	30	31	RJAAAA	FDFAAA	VVVVxx
+6629	3464	1	1	9	9	29	629	629	1629	6629	58	59	ZUAAAA	GDFAAA	AAAAxx
+700	3465	0	0	0	0	0	700	700	700	700	0	1	YAAAAA	HDFAAA	HHHHxx
+9819	3466	1	3	9	19	19	819	1819	4819	9819	38	39	RNAAAA	IDFAAA	OOOOxx
+5188	3467	0	0	8	8	88	188	1188	188	5188	176	177	ORAAAA	JDFAAA	VVVVxx
+5367	3468	1	3	7	7	67	367	1367	367	5367	134	135	LYAAAA	KDFAAA	AAAAxx
+6447	3469	1	3	7	7	47	447	447	1447	6447	94	95	ZNAAAA	LDFAAA	HHHHxx
+720	3470	0	0	0	0	20	720	720	720	720	40	41	SBAAAA	MDFAAA	OOOOxx
+9157	3471	1	1	7	17	57	157	1157	4157	9157	114	115	FOAAAA	NDFAAA	VVVVxx
+1082	3472	0	2	2	2	82	82	1082	1082	1082	164	165	QPAAAA	ODFAAA	AAAAxx
+3179	3473	1	3	9	19	79	179	1179	3179	3179	158	159	HSAAAA	PDFAAA	HHHHxx
+4818	3474	0	2	8	18	18	818	818	4818	4818	36	37	IDAAAA	QDFAAA	OOOOxx
+7607	3475	1	3	7	7	7	607	1607	2607	7607	14	15	PGAAAA	RDFAAA	VVVVxx
+2352	3476	0	0	2	12	52	352	352	2352	2352	104	105	MMAAAA	SDFAAA	AAAAxx
+1170	3477	0	2	0	10	70	170	1170	1170	1170	140	141	ATAAAA	TDFAAA	HHHHxx
+4269	3478	1	1	9	9	69	269	269	4269	4269	138	139	FIAAAA	UDFAAA	OOOOxx
+8767	3479	1	3	7	7	67	767	767	3767	8767	134	135	FZAAAA	VDFAAA	VVVVxx
+3984	3480	0	0	4	4	84	984	1984	3984	3984	168	169	GXAAAA	WDFAAA	AAAAxx
+3190	3481	0	2	0	10	90	190	1190	3190	3190	180	181	SSAAAA	XDFAAA	HHHHxx
+7456	3482	0	0	6	16	56	456	1456	2456	7456	112	113	UAAAAA	YDFAAA	OOOOxx
+4348	3483	0	0	8	8	48	348	348	4348	4348	96	97	GLAAAA	ZDFAAA	VVVVxx
+3150	3484	0	2	0	10	50	150	1150	3150	3150	100	101	ERAAAA	AEFAAA	AAAAxx
+8780	3485	0	0	0	0	80	780	780	3780	8780	160	161	SZAAAA	BEFAAA	HHHHxx
+2553	3486	1	1	3	13	53	553	553	2553	2553	106	107	FUAAAA	CEFAAA	OOOOxx
+7526	3487	0	2	6	6	26	526	1526	2526	7526	52	53	MDAAAA	DEFAAA	VVVVxx
+2031	3488	1	3	1	11	31	31	31	2031	2031	62	63	DAAAAA	EEFAAA	AAAAxx
+8793	3489	1	1	3	13	93	793	793	3793	8793	186	187	FAAAAA	FEFAAA	HHHHxx
+1122	3490	0	2	2	2	22	122	1122	1122	1122	44	45	ERAAAA	GEFAAA	OOOOxx
+1855	3491	1	3	5	15	55	855	1855	1855	1855	110	111	JTAAAA	HEFAAA	VVVVxx
+6613	3492	1	1	3	13	13	613	613	1613	6613	26	27	JUAAAA	IEFAAA	AAAAxx
+3231	3493	1	3	1	11	31	231	1231	3231	3231	62	63	HUAAAA	JEFAAA	HHHHxx
+9101	3494	1	1	1	1	1	101	1101	4101	9101	2	3	BMAAAA	KEFAAA	OOOOxx
+4937	3495	1	1	7	17	37	937	937	4937	4937	74	75	XHAAAA	LEFAAA	VVVVxx
+666	3496	0	2	6	6	66	666	666	666	666	132	133	QZAAAA	MEFAAA	AAAAxx
+8943	3497	1	3	3	3	43	943	943	3943	8943	86	87	ZFAAAA	NEFAAA	HHHHxx
+6164	3498	0	0	4	4	64	164	164	1164	6164	128	129	CDAAAA	OEFAAA	OOOOxx
+1081	3499	1	1	1	1	81	81	1081	1081	1081	162	163	PPAAAA	PEFAAA	VVVVxx
+210	3500	0	2	0	10	10	210	210	210	210	20	21	CIAAAA	QEFAAA	AAAAxx
+6024	3501	0	0	4	4	24	24	24	1024	6024	48	49	SXAAAA	REFAAA	HHHHxx
+5715	3502	1	3	5	15	15	715	1715	715	5715	30	31	VLAAAA	SEFAAA	OOOOxx
+8938	3503	0	2	8	18	38	938	938	3938	8938	76	77	UFAAAA	TEFAAA	VVVVxx
+1326	3504	0	2	6	6	26	326	1326	1326	1326	52	53	AZAAAA	UEFAAA	AAAAxx
+7111	3505	1	3	1	11	11	111	1111	2111	7111	22	23	NNAAAA	VEFAAA	HHHHxx
+757	3506	1	1	7	17	57	757	757	757	757	114	115	DDAAAA	WEFAAA	OOOOxx
+8933	3507	1	1	3	13	33	933	933	3933	8933	66	67	PFAAAA	XEFAAA	VVVVxx
+6495	3508	1	3	5	15	95	495	495	1495	6495	190	191	VPAAAA	YEFAAA	AAAAxx
+3134	3509	0	2	4	14	34	134	1134	3134	3134	68	69	OQAAAA	ZEFAAA	HHHHxx
+1304	3510	0	0	4	4	4	304	1304	1304	1304	8	9	EYAAAA	AFFAAA	OOOOxx
+1835	3511	1	3	5	15	35	835	1835	1835	1835	70	71	PSAAAA	BFFAAA	VVVVxx
+7275	3512	1	3	5	15	75	275	1275	2275	7275	150	151	VTAAAA	CFFAAA	AAAAxx
+7337	3513	1	1	7	17	37	337	1337	2337	7337	74	75	FWAAAA	DFFAAA	HHHHxx
+1282	3514	0	2	2	2	82	282	1282	1282	1282	164	165	IXAAAA	EFFAAA	OOOOxx
+6566	3515	0	2	6	6	66	566	566	1566	6566	132	133	OSAAAA	FFFAAA	VVVVxx
+3786	3516	0	2	6	6	86	786	1786	3786	3786	172	173	QPAAAA	GFFAAA	AAAAxx
+5741	3517	1	1	1	1	41	741	1741	741	5741	82	83	VMAAAA	HFFAAA	HHHHxx
+6076	3518	0	0	6	16	76	76	76	1076	6076	152	153	SZAAAA	IFFAAA	OOOOxx
+9998	3519	0	2	8	18	98	998	1998	4998	9998	196	197	OUAAAA	JFFAAA	VVVVxx
+6268	3520	0	0	8	8	68	268	268	1268	6268	136	137	CHAAAA	KFFAAA	AAAAxx
+9647	3521	1	3	7	7	47	647	1647	4647	9647	94	95	BHAAAA	LFFAAA	HHHHxx
+4877	3522	1	1	7	17	77	877	877	4877	4877	154	155	PFAAAA	MFFAAA	OOOOxx
+2652	3523	0	0	2	12	52	652	652	2652	2652	104	105	AYAAAA	NFFAAA	VVVVxx
+1247	3524	1	3	7	7	47	247	1247	1247	1247	94	95	ZVAAAA	OFFAAA	AAAAxx
+2721	3525	1	1	1	1	21	721	721	2721	2721	42	43	RAAAAA	PFFAAA	HHHHxx
+5968	3526	0	0	8	8	68	968	1968	968	5968	136	137	OVAAAA	QFFAAA	OOOOxx
+9570	3527	0	2	0	10	70	570	1570	4570	9570	140	141	CEAAAA	RFFAAA	VVVVxx
+6425	3528	1	1	5	5	25	425	425	1425	6425	50	51	DNAAAA	SFFAAA	AAAAxx
+5451	3529	1	3	1	11	51	451	1451	451	5451	102	103	RBAAAA	TFFAAA	HHHHxx
+5668	3530	0	0	8	8	68	668	1668	668	5668	136	137	AKAAAA	UFFAAA	OOOOxx
+9493	3531	1	1	3	13	93	493	1493	4493	9493	186	187	DBAAAA	VFFAAA	VVVVxx
+7973	3532	1	1	3	13	73	973	1973	2973	7973	146	147	RUAAAA	WFFAAA	AAAAxx
+8250	3533	0	2	0	10	50	250	250	3250	8250	100	101	IFAAAA	XFFAAA	HHHHxx
+82	3534	0	2	2	2	82	82	82	82	82	164	165	EDAAAA	YFFAAA	OOOOxx
+6258	3535	0	2	8	18	58	258	258	1258	6258	116	117	SGAAAA	ZFFAAA	VVVVxx
+9978	3536	0	2	8	18	78	978	1978	4978	9978	156	157	UTAAAA	AGFAAA	AAAAxx
+6930	3537	0	2	0	10	30	930	930	1930	6930	60	61	OGAAAA	BGFAAA	HHHHxx
+3746	3538	0	2	6	6	46	746	1746	3746	3746	92	93	COAAAA	CGFAAA	OOOOxx
+7065	3539	1	1	5	5	65	65	1065	2065	7065	130	131	TLAAAA	DGFAAA	VVVVxx
+4281	3540	1	1	1	1	81	281	281	4281	4281	162	163	RIAAAA	EGFAAA	AAAAxx
+4367	3541	1	3	7	7	67	367	367	4367	4367	134	135	ZLAAAA	FGFAAA	HHHHxx
+9526	3542	0	2	6	6	26	526	1526	4526	9526	52	53	KCAAAA	GGFAAA	OOOOxx
+5880	3543	0	0	0	0	80	880	1880	880	5880	160	161	ESAAAA	HGFAAA	VVVVxx
+8480	3544	0	0	0	0	80	480	480	3480	8480	160	161	EOAAAA	IGFAAA	AAAAxx
+2476	3545	0	0	6	16	76	476	476	2476	2476	152	153	GRAAAA	JGFAAA	HHHHxx
+9074	3546	0	2	4	14	74	74	1074	4074	9074	148	149	ALAAAA	KGFAAA	OOOOxx
+4830	3547	0	2	0	10	30	830	830	4830	4830	60	61	UDAAAA	LGFAAA	VVVVxx
+3207	3548	1	3	7	7	7	207	1207	3207	3207	14	15	JTAAAA	MGFAAA	AAAAxx
+7894	3549	0	2	4	14	94	894	1894	2894	7894	188	189	QRAAAA	NGFAAA	HHHHxx
+3860	3550	0	0	0	0	60	860	1860	3860	3860	120	121	MSAAAA	OGFAAA	OOOOxx
+5293	3551	1	1	3	13	93	293	1293	293	5293	186	187	PVAAAA	PGFAAA	VVVVxx
+6895	3552	1	3	5	15	95	895	895	1895	6895	190	191	FFAAAA	QGFAAA	AAAAxx
+9908	3553	0	0	8	8	8	908	1908	4908	9908	16	17	CRAAAA	RGFAAA	HHHHxx
+9247	3554	1	3	7	7	47	247	1247	4247	9247	94	95	RRAAAA	SGFAAA	OOOOxx
+8110	3555	0	2	0	10	10	110	110	3110	8110	20	21	YZAAAA	TGFAAA	VVVVxx
+4716	3556	0	0	6	16	16	716	716	4716	4716	32	33	KZAAAA	UGFAAA	AAAAxx
+4979	3557	1	3	9	19	79	979	979	4979	4979	158	159	NJAAAA	VGFAAA	HHHHxx
+5280	3558	0	0	0	0	80	280	1280	280	5280	160	161	CVAAAA	WGFAAA	OOOOxx
+8326	3559	0	2	6	6	26	326	326	3326	8326	52	53	GIAAAA	XGFAAA	VVVVxx
+5572	3560	0	0	2	12	72	572	1572	572	5572	144	145	IGAAAA	YGFAAA	AAAAxx
+4665	3561	1	1	5	5	65	665	665	4665	4665	130	131	LXAAAA	ZGFAAA	HHHHxx
+3665	3562	1	1	5	5	65	665	1665	3665	3665	130	131	ZKAAAA	AHFAAA	OOOOxx
+6744	3563	0	0	4	4	44	744	744	1744	6744	88	89	KZAAAA	BHFAAA	VVVVxx
+1897	3564	1	1	7	17	97	897	1897	1897	1897	194	195	ZUAAAA	CHFAAA	AAAAxx
+1220	3565	0	0	0	0	20	220	1220	1220	1220	40	41	YUAAAA	DHFAAA	HHHHxx
+2614	3566	0	2	4	14	14	614	614	2614	2614	28	29	OWAAAA	EHFAAA	OOOOxx
+8509	3567	1	1	9	9	9	509	509	3509	8509	18	19	HPAAAA	FHFAAA	VVVVxx
+8521	3568	1	1	1	1	21	521	521	3521	8521	42	43	TPAAAA	GHFAAA	AAAAxx
+4121	3569	1	1	1	1	21	121	121	4121	4121	42	43	NCAAAA	HHFAAA	HHHHxx
+9663	3570	1	3	3	3	63	663	1663	4663	9663	126	127	RHAAAA	IHFAAA	OOOOxx
+2346	3571	0	2	6	6	46	346	346	2346	2346	92	93	GMAAAA	JHFAAA	VVVVxx
+3370	3572	0	2	0	10	70	370	1370	3370	3370	140	141	QZAAAA	KHFAAA	AAAAxx
+1498	3573	0	2	8	18	98	498	1498	1498	1498	196	197	QFAAAA	LHFAAA	HHHHxx
+7422	3574	0	2	2	2	22	422	1422	2422	7422	44	45	MZAAAA	MHFAAA	OOOOxx
+3472	3575	0	0	2	12	72	472	1472	3472	3472	144	145	ODAAAA	NHFAAA	VVVVxx
+4126	3576	0	2	6	6	26	126	126	4126	4126	52	53	SCAAAA	OHFAAA	AAAAxx
+4494	3577	0	2	4	14	94	494	494	4494	4494	188	189	WQAAAA	PHFAAA	HHHHxx
+6323	3578	1	3	3	3	23	323	323	1323	6323	46	47	FJAAAA	QHFAAA	OOOOxx
+2823	3579	1	3	3	3	23	823	823	2823	2823	46	47	PEAAAA	RHFAAA	VVVVxx
+8596	3580	0	0	6	16	96	596	596	3596	8596	192	193	QSAAAA	SHFAAA	AAAAxx
+6642	3581	0	2	2	2	42	642	642	1642	6642	84	85	MVAAAA	THFAAA	HHHHxx
+9276	3582	0	0	6	16	76	276	1276	4276	9276	152	153	USAAAA	UHFAAA	OOOOxx
+4148	3583	0	0	8	8	48	148	148	4148	4148	96	97	ODAAAA	VHFAAA	VVVVxx
+9770	3584	0	2	0	10	70	770	1770	4770	9770	140	141	ULAAAA	WHFAAA	AAAAxx
+9812	3585	0	0	2	12	12	812	1812	4812	9812	24	25	KNAAAA	XHFAAA	HHHHxx
+4419	3586	1	3	9	19	19	419	419	4419	4419	38	39	ZNAAAA	YHFAAA	OOOOxx
+3802	3587	0	2	2	2	2	802	1802	3802	3802	4	5	GQAAAA	ZHFAAA	VVVVxx
+3210	3588	0	2	0	10	10	210	1210	3210	3210	20	21	MTAAAA	AIFAAA	AAAAxx
+6794	3589	0	2	4	14	94	794	794	1794	6794	188	189	IBAAAA	BIFAAA	HHHHxx
+242	3590	0	2	2	2	42	242	242	242	242	84	85	IJAAAA	CIFAAA	OOOOxx
+962	3591	0	2	2	2	62	962	962	962	962	124	125	ALAAAA	DIFAAA	VVVVxx
+7151	3592	1	3	1	11	51	151	1151	2151	7151	102	103	BPAAAA	EIFAAA	AAAAxx
+9440	3593	0	0	0	0	40	440	1440	4440	9440	80	81	CZAAAA	FIFAAA	HHHHxx
+721	3594	1	1	1	1	21	721	721	721	721	42	43	TBAAAA	GIFAAA	OOOOxx
+2119	3595	1	3	9	19	19	119	119	2119	2119	38	39	NDAAAA	HIFAAA	VVVVxx
+9883	3596	1	3	3	3	83	883	1883	4883	9883	166	167	DQAAAA	IIFAAA	AAAAxx
+5071	3597	1	3	1	11	71	71	1071	71	5071	142	143	BNAAAA	JIFAAA	HHHHxx
+8239	3598	1	3	9	19	39	239	239	3239	8239	78	79	XEAAAA	KIFAAA	OOOOxx
+7451	3599	1	3	1	11	51	451	1451	2451	7451	102	103	PAAAAA	LIFAAA	VVVVxx
+9517	3600	1	1	7	17	17	517	1517	4517	9517	34	35	BCAAAA	MIFAAA	AAAAxx
+9180	3601	0	0	0	0	80	180	1180	4180	9180	160	161	CPAAAA	NIFAAA	HHHHxx
+9327	3602	1	3	7	7	27	327	1327	4327	9327	54	55	TUAAAA	OIFAAA	OOOOxx
+5462	3603	0	2	2	2	62	462	1462	462	5462	124	125	CCAAAA	PIFAAA	VVVVxx
+8306	3604	0	2	6	6	6	306	306	3306	8306	12	13	MHAAAA	QIFAAA	AAAAxx
+6234	3605	0	2	4	14	34	234	234	1234	6234	68	69	UFAAAA	RIFAAA	HHHHxx
+8771	3606	1	3	1	11	71	771	771	3771	8771	142	143	JZAAAA	SIFAAA	OOOOxx
+5853	3607	1	1	3	13	53	853	1853	853	5853	106	107	DRAAAA	TIFAAA	VVVVxx
+8373	3608	1	1	3	13	73	373	373	3373	8373	146	147	BKAAAA	UIFAAA	AAAAxx
+5017	3609	1	1	7	17	17	17	1017	17	5017	34	35	ZKAAAA	VIFAAA	HHHHxx
+8025	3610	1	1	5	5	25	25	25	3025	8025	50	51	RWAAAA	WIFAAA	OOOOxx
+2526	3611	0	2	6	6	26	526	526	2526	2526	52	53	ETAAAA	XIFAAA	VVVVxx
+7419	3612	1	3	9	19	19	419	1419	2419	7419	38	39	JZAAAA	YIFAAA	AAAAxx
+4572	3613	0	0	2	12	72	572	572	4572	4572	144	145	WTAAAA	ZIFAAA	HHHHxx
+7744	3614	0	0	4	4	44	744	1744	2744	7744	88	89	WLAAAA	AJFAAA	OOOOxx
+8825	3615	1	1	5	5	25	825	825	3825	8825	50	51	LBAAAA	BJFAAA	VVVVxx
+6067	3616	1	3	7	7	67	67	67	1067	6067	134	135	JZAAAA	CJFAAA	AAAAxx
+3291	3617	1	3	1	11	91	291	1291	3291	3291	182	183	PWAAAA	DJFAAA	HHHHxx
+7115	3618	1	3	5	15	15	115	1115	2115	7115	30	31	RNAAAA	EJFAAA	OOOOxx
+2626	3619	0	2	6	6	26	626	626	2626	2626	52	53	AXAAAA	FJFAAA	VVVVxx
+4109	3620	1	1	9	9	9	109	109	4109	4109	18	19	BCAAAA	GJFAAA	AAAAxx
+4056	3621	0	0	6	16	56	56	56	4056	4056	112	113	AAAAAA	HJFAAA	HHHHxx
+6811	3622	1	3	1	11	11	811	811	1811	6811	22	23	ZBAAAA	IJFAAA	OOOOxx
+680	3623	0	0	0	0	80	680	680	680	680	160	161	EAAAAA	JJFAAA	VVVVxx
+474	3624	0	2	4	14	74	474	474	474	474	148	149	GSAAAA	KJFAAA	AAAAxx
+9294	3625	0	2	4	14	94	294	1294	4294	9294	188	189	MTAAAA	LJFAAA	HHHHxx
+7555	3626	1	3	5	15	55	555	1555	2555	7555	110	111	PEAAAA	MJFAAA	OOOOxx
+8076	3627	0	0	6	16	76	76	76	3076	8076	152	153	QYAAAA	NJFAAA	VVVVxx
+3840	3628	0	0	0	0	40	840	1840	3840	3840	80	81	SRAAAA	OJFAAA	AAAAxx
+5955	3629	1	3	5	15	55	955	1955	955	5955	110	111	BVAAAA	PJFAAA	HHHHxx
+994	3630	0	2	4	14	94	994	994	994	994	188	189	GMAAAA	QJFAAA	OOOOxx
+2089	3631	1	1	9	9	89	89	89	2089	2089	178	179	JCAAAA	RJFAAA	VVVVxx
+869	3632	1	1	9	9	69	869	869	869	869	138	139	LHAAAA	SJFAAA	AAAAxx
+1223	3633	1	3	3	3	23	223	1223	1223	1223	46	47	BVAAAA	TJFAAA	HHHHxx
+1514	3634	0	2	4	14	14	514	1514	1514	1514	28	29	GGAAAA	UJFAAA	OOOOxx
+4891	3635	1	3	1	11	91	891	891	4891	4891	182	183	DGAAAA	VJFAAA	VVVVxx
+4190	3636	0	2	0	10	90	190	190	4190	4190	180	181	EFAAAA	WJFAAA	AAAAxx
+4377	3637	1	1	7	17	77	377	377	4377	4377	154	155	JMAAAA	XJFAAA	HHHHxx
+9195	3638	1	3	5	15	95	195	1195	4195	9195	190	191	RPAAAA	YJFAAA	OOOOxx
+3827	3639	1	3	7	7	27	827	1827	3827	3827	54	55	FRAAAA	ZJFAAA	VVVVxx
+7386	3640	0	2	6	6	86	386	1386	2386	7386	172	173	CYAAAA	AKFAAA	AAAAxx
+6665	3641	1	1	5	5	65	665	665	1665	6665	130	131	JWAAAA	BKFAAA	HHHHxx
+7514	3642	0	2	4	14	14	514	1514	2514	7514	28	29	ADAAAA	CKFAAA	OOOOxx
+6431	3643	1	3	1	11	31	431	431	1431	6431	62	63	JNAAAA	DKFAAA	VVVVxx
+3251	3644	1	3	1	11	51	251	1251	3251	3251	102	103	BVAAAA	EKFAAA	AAAAxx
+8439	3645	1	3	9	19	39	439	439	3439	8439	78	79	PMAAAA	FKFAAA	HHHHxx
+831	3646	1	3	1	11	31	831	831	831	831	62	63	ZFAAAA	GKFAAA	OOOOxx
+8485	3647	1	1	5	5	85	485	485	3485	8485	170	171	JOAAAA	HKFAAA	VVVVxx
+7314	3648	0	2	4	14	14	314	1314	2314	7314	28	29	IVAAAA	IKFAAA	AAAAxx
+3044	3649	0	0	4	4	44	44	1044	3044	3044	88	89	CNAAAA	JKFAAA	HHHHxx
+4283	3650	1	3	3	3	83	283	283	4283	4283	166	167	TIAAAA	KKFAAA	OOOOxx
+298	3651	0	2	8	18	98	298	298	298	298	196	197	MLAAAA	LKFAAA	VVVVxx
+7114	3652	0	2	4	14	14	114	1114	2114	7114	28	29	QNAAAA	MKFAAA	AAAAxx
+9664	3653	0	0	4	4	64	664	1664	4664	9664	128	129	SHAAAA	NKFAAA	HHHHxx
+5315	3654	1	3	5	15	15	315	1315	315	5315	30	31	LWAAAA	OKFAAA	OOOOxx
+2164	3655	0	0	4	4	64	164	164	2164	2164	128	129	GFAAAA	PKFAAA	VVVVxx
+3390	3656	0	2	0	10	90	390	1390	3390	3390	180	181	KAAAAA	QKFAAA	AAAAxx
+836	3657	0	0	6	16	36	836	836	836	836	72	73	EGAAAA	RKFAAA	HHHHxx
+3316	3658	0	0	6	16	16	316	1316	3316	3316	32	33	OXAAAA	SKFAAA	OOOOxx
+1284	3659	0	0	4	4	84	284	1284	1284	1284	168	169	KXAAAA	TKFAAA	VVVVxx
+2497	3660	1	1	7	17	97	497	497	2497	2497	194	195	BSAAAA	UKFAAA	AAAAxx
+1374	3661	0	2	4	14	74	374	1374	1374	1374	148	149	WAAAAA	VKFAAA	HHHHxx
+9525	3662	1	1	5	5	25	525	1525	4525	9525	50	51	JCAAAA	WKFAAA	OOOOxx
+2911	3663	1	3	1	11	11	911	911	2911	2911	22	23	ZHAAAA	XKFAAA	VVVVxx
+9686	3664	0	2	6	6	86	686	1686	4686	9686	172	173	OIAAAA	YKFAAA	AAAAxx
+584	3665	0	0	4	4	84	584	584	584	584	168	169	MWAAAA	ZKFAAA	HHHHxx
+5653	3666	1	1	3	13	53	653	1653	653	5653	106	107	LJAAAA	ALFAAA	OOOOxx
+4986	3667	0	2	6	6	86	986	986	4986	4986	172	173	UJAAAA	BLFAAA	VVVVxx
+6049	3668	1	1	9	9	49	49	49	1049	6049	98	99	RYAAAA	CLFAAA	AAAAxx
+9891	3669	1	3	1	11	91	891	1891	4891	9891	182	183	LQAAAA	DLFAAA	HHHHxx
+8809	3670	1	1	9	9	9	809	809	3809	8809	18	19	VAAAAA	ELFAAA	OOOOxx
+8598	3671	0	2	8	18	98	598	598	3598	8598	196	197	SSAAAA	FLFAAA	VVVVxx
+2573	3672	1	1	3	13	73	573	573	2573	2573	146	147	ZUAAAA	GLFAAA	AAAAxx
+6864	3673	0	0	4	4	64	864	864	1864	6864	128	129	AEAAAA	HLFAAA	HHHHxx
+7932	3674	0	0	2	12	32	932	1932	2932	7932	64	65	CTAAAA	ILFAAA	OOOOxx
+6605	3675	1	1	5	5	5	605	605	1605	6605	10	11	BUAAAA	JLFAAA	VVVVxx
+9500	3676	0	0	0	0	0	500	1500	4500	9500	0	1	KBAAAA	KLFAAA	AAAAxx
+8742	3677	0	2	2	2	42	742	742	3742	8742	84	85	GYAAAA	LLFAAA	HHHHxx
+9815	3678	1	3	5	15	15	815	1815	4815	9815	30	31	NNAAAA	MLFAAA	OOOOxx
+3319	3679	1	3	9	19	19	319	1319	3319	3319	38	39	RXAAAA	NLFAAA	VVVVxx
+184	3680	0	0	4	4	84	184	184	184	184	168	169	CHAAAA	OLFAAA	AAAAxx
+8886	3681	0	2	6	6	86	886	886	3886	8886	172	173	UDAAAA	PLFAAA	HHHHxx
+7050	3682	0	2	0	10	50	50	1050	2050	7050	100	101	ELAAAA	QLFAAA	OOOOxx
+9781	3683	1	1	1	1	81	781	1781	4781	9781	162	163	FMAAAA	RLFAAA	VVVVxx
+2443	3684	1	3	3	3	43	443	443	2443	2443	86	87	ZPAAAA	SLFAAA	AAAAxx
+1160	3685	0	0	0	0	60	160	1160	1160	1160	120	121	QSAAAA	TLFAAA	HHHHxx
+4600	3686	0	0	0	0	0	600	600	4600	4600	0	1	YUAAAA	ULFAAA	OOOOxx
+813	3687	1	1	3	13	13	813	813	813	813	26	27	HFAAAA	VLFAAA	VVVVxx
+5078	3688	0	2	8	18	78	78	1078	78	5078	156	157	INAAAA	WLFAAA	AAAAxx
+9008	3689	0	0	8	8	8	8	1008	4008	9008	16	17	MIAAAA	XLFAAA	HHHHxx
+9016	3690	0	0	6	16	16	16	1016	4016	9016	32	33	UIAAAA	YLFAAA	OOOOxx
+2747	3691	1	3	7	7	47	747	747	2747	2747	94	95	RBAAAA	ZLFAAA	VVVVxx
+3106	3692	0	2	6	6	6	106	1106	3106	3106	12	13	MPAAAA	AMFAAA	AAAAxx
+8235	3693	1	3	5	15	35	235	235	3235	8235	70	71	TEAAAA	BMFAAA	HHHHxx
+5582	3694	0	2	2	2	82	582	1582	582	5582	164	165	SGAAAA	CMFAAA	OOOOxx
+4334	3695	0	2	4	14	34	334	334	4334	4334	68	69	SKAAAA	DMFAAA	VVVVxx
+1612	3696	0	0	2	12	12	612	1612	1612	1612	24	25	AKAAAA	EMFAAA	AAAAxx
+5650	3697	0	2	0	10	50	650	1650	650	5650	100	101	IJAAAA	FMFAAA	HHHHxx
+6086	3698	0	2	6	6	86	86	86	1086	6086	172	173	CAAAAA	GMFAAA	OOOOxx
+9667	3699	1	3	7	7	67	667	1667	4667	9667	134	135	VHAAAA	HMFAAA	VVVVxx
+4215	3700	1	3	5	15	15	215	215	4215	4215	30	31	DGAAAA	IMFAAA	AAAAxx
+8553	3701	1	1	3	13	53	553	553	3553	8553	106	107	ZQAAAA	JMFAAA	HHHHxx
+9066	3702	0	2	6	6	66	66	1066	4066	9066	132	133	SKAAAA	KMFAAA	OOOOxx
+1092	3703	0	0	2	12	92	92	1092	1092	1092	184	185	AQAAAA	LMFAAA	VVVVxx
+2848	3704	0	0	8	8	48	848	848	2848	2848	96	97	OFAAAA	MMFAAA	AAAAxx
+2765	3705	1	1	5	5	65	765	765	2765	2765	130	131	JCAAAA	NMFAAA	HHHHxx
+6513	3706	1	1	3	13	13	513	513	1513	6513	26	27	NQAAAA	OMFAAA	OOOOxx
+6541	3707	1	1	1	1	41	541	541	1541	6541	82	83	PRAAAA	PMFAAA	VVVVxx
+9617	3708	1	1	7	17	17	617	1617	4617	9617	34	35	XFAAAA	QMFAAA	AAAAxx
+5870	3709	0	2	0	10	70	870	1870	870	5870	140	141	URAAAA	RMFAAA	HHHHxx
+8811	3710	1	3	1	11	11	811	811	3811	8811	22	23	XAAAAA	SMFAAA	OOOOxx
+4529	3711	1	1	9	9	29	529	529	4529	4529	58	59	FSAAAA	TMFAAA	VVVVxx
+161	3712	1	1	1	1	61	161	161	161	161	122	123	FGAAAA	UMFAAA	AAAAxx
+641	3713	1	1	1	1	41	641	641	641	641	82	83	RYAAAA	VMFAAA	HHHHxx
+4767	3714	1	3	7	7	67	767	767	4767	4767	134	135	JBAAAA	WMFAAA	OOOOxx
+6293	3715	1	1	3	13	93	293	293	1293	6293	186	187	BIAAAA	XMFAAA	VVVVxx
+3816	3716	0	0	6	16	16	816	1816	3816	3816	32	33	UQAAAA	YMFAAA	AAAAxx
+4748	3717	0	0	8	8	48	748	748	4748	4748	96	97	QAAAAA	ZMFAAA	HHHHxx
+9924	3718	0	0	4	4	24	924	1924	4924	9924	48	49	SRAAAA	ANFAAA	OOOOxx
+6716	3719	0	0	6	16	16	716	716	1716	6716	32	33	IYAAAA	BNFAAA	VVVVxx
+8828	3720	0	0	8	8	28	828	828	3828	8828	56	57	OBAAAA	CNFAAA	AAAAxx
+4967	3721	1	3	7	7	67	967	967	4967	4967	134	135	BJAAAA	DNFAAA	HHHHxx
+9680	3722	0	0	0	0	80	680	1680	4680	9680	160	161	IIAAAA	ENFAAA	OOOOxx
+2784	3723	0	0	4	4	84	784	784	2784	2784	168	169	CDAAAA	FNFAAA	VVVVxx
+2882	3724	0	2	2	2	82	882	882	2882	2882	164	165	WGAAAA	GNFAAA	AAAAxx
+3641	3725	1	1	1	1	41	641	1641	3641	3641	82	83	BKAAAA	HNFAAA	HHHHxx
+5537	3726	1	1	7	17	37	537	1537	537	5537	74	75	ZEAAAA	INFAAA	OOOOxx
+820	3727	0	0	0	0	20	820	820	820	820	40	41	OFAAAA	JNFAAA	VVVVxx
+5847	3728	1	3	7	7	47	847	1847	847	5847	94	95	XQAAAA	KNFAAA	AAAAxx
+566	3729	0	2	6	6	66	566	566	566	566	132	133	UVAAAA	LNFAAA	HHHHxx
+2246	3730	0	2	6	6	46	246	246	2246	2246	92	93	KIAAAA	MNFAAA	OOOOxx
+6680	3731	0	0	0	0	80	680	680	1680	6680	160	161	YWAAAA	NNFAAA	VVVVxx
+2014	3732	0	2	4	14	14	14	14	2014	2014	28	29	MZAAAA	ONFAAA	AAAAxx
+8355	3733	1	3	5	15	55	355	355	3355	8355	110	111	JJAAAA	PNFAAA	HHHHxx
+1610	3734	0	2	0	10	10	610	1610	1610	1610	20	21	YJAAAA	QNFAAA	OOOOxx
+9719	3735	1	3	9	19	19	719	1719	4719	9719	38	39	VJAAAA	RNFAAA	VVVVxx
+8498	3736	0	2	8	18	98	498	498	3498	8498	196	197	WOAAAA	SNFAAA	AAAAxx
+5883	3737	1	3	3	3	83	883	1883	883	5883	166	167	HSAAAA	TNFAAA	HHHHxx
+7380	3738	0	0	0	0	80	380	1380	2380	7380	160	161	WXAAAA	UNFAAA	OOOOxx
+8865	3739	1	1	5	5	65	865	865	3865	8865	130	131	ZCAAAA	VNFAAA	VVVVxx
+4743	3740	1	3	3	3	43	743	743	4743	4743	86	87	LAAAAA	WNFAAA	AAAAxx
+5086	3741	0	2	6	6	86	86	1086	86	5086	172	173	QNAAAA	XNFAAA	HHHHxx
+2739	3742	1	3	9	19	39	739	739	2739	2739	78	79	JBAAAA	YNFAAA	OOOOxx
+9375	3743	1	3	5	15	75	375	1375	4375	9375	150	151	PWAAAA	ZNFAAA	VVVVxx
+7876	3744	0	0	6	16	76	876	1876	2876	7876	152	153	YQAAAA	AOFAAA	AAAAxx
+453	3745	1	1	3	13	53	453	453	453	453	106	107	LRAAAA	BOFAAA	HHHHxx
+6987	3746	1	3	7	7	87	987	987	1987	6987	174	175	TIAAAA	COFAAA	OOOOxx
+2860	3747	0	0	0	0	60	860	860	2860	2860	120	121	AGAAAA	DOFAAA	VVVVxx
+8372	3748	0	0	2	12	72	372	372	3372	8372	144	145	AKAAAA	EOFAAA	AAAAxx
+2048	3749	0	0	8	8	48	48	48	2048	2048	96	97	UAAAAA	FOFAAA	HHHHxx
+9231	3750	1	3	1	11	31	231	1231	4231	9231	62	63	BRAAAA	GOFAAA	OOOOxx
+634	3751	0	2	4	14	34	634	634	634	634	68	69	KYAAAA	HOFAAA	VVVVxx
+3998	3752	0	2	8	18	98	998	1998	3998	3998	196	197	UXAAAA	IOFAAA	AAAAxx
+4728	3753	0	0	8	8	28	728	728	4728	4728	56	57	WZAAAA	JOFAAA	HHHHxx
+579	3754	1	3	9	19	79	579	579	579	579	158	159	HWAAAA	KOFAAA	OOOOxx
+815	3755	1	3	5	15	15	815	815	815	815	30	31	JFAAAA	LOFAAA	VVVVxx
+1009	3756	1	1	9	9	9	9	1009	1009	1009	18	19	VMAAAA	MOFAAA	AAAAxx
+6596	3757	0	0	6	16	96	596	596	1596	6596	192	193	STAAAA	NOFAAA	HHHHxx
+2793	3758	1	1	3	13	93	793	793	2793	2793	186	187	LDAAAA	OOFAAA	OOOOxx
+9589	3759	1	1	9	9	89	589	1589	4589	9589	178	179	VEAAAA	POFAAA	VVVVxx
+2794	3760	0	2	4	14	94	794	794	2794	2794	188	189	MDAAAA	QOFAAA	AAAAxx
+2551	3761	1	3	1	11	51	551	551	2551	2551	102	103	DUAAAA	ROFAAA	HHHHxx
+1588	3762	0	0	8	8	88	588	1588	1588	1588	176	177	CJAAAA	SOFAAA	OOOOxx
+4443	3763	1	3	3	3	43	443	443	4443	4443	86	87	XOAAAA	TOFAAA	VVVVxx
+5009	3764	1	1	9	9	9	9	1009	9	5009	18	19	RKAAAA	UOFAAA	AAAAxx
+4287	3765	1	3	7	7	87	287	287	4287	4287	174	175	XIAAAA	VOFAAA	HHHHxx
+2167	3766	1	3	7	7	67	167	167	2167	2167	134	135	JFAAAA	WOFAAA	OOOOxx
+2290	3767	0	2	0	10	90	290	290	2290	2290	180	181	CKAAAA	XOFAAA	VVVVxx
+7225	3768	1	1	5	5	25	225	1225	2225	7225	50	51	XRAAAA	YOFAAA	AAAAxx
+8992	3769	0	0	2	12	92	992	992	3992	8992	184	185	WHAAAA	ZOFAAA	HHHHxx
+1540	3770	0	0	0	0	40	540	1540	1540	1540	80	81	GHAAAA	APFAAA	OOOOxx
+2029	3771	1	1	9	9	29	29	29	2029	2029	58	59	BAAAAA	BPFAAA	VVVVxx
+2855	3772	1	3	5	15	55	855	855	2855	2855	110	111	VFAAAA	CPFAAA	AAAAxx
+3534	3773	0	2	4	14	34	534	1534	3534	3534	68	69	YFAAAA	DPFAAA	HHHHxx
+8078	3774	0	2	8	18	78	78	78	3078	8078	156	157	SYAAAA	EPFAAA	OOOOxx
+9778	3775	0	2	8	18	78	778	1778	4778	9778	156	157	CMAAAA	FPFAAA	VVVVxx
+3543	3776	1	3	3	3	43	543	1543	3543	3543	86	87	HGAAAA	GPFAAA	AAAAxx
+4778	3777	0	2	8	18	78	778	778	4778	4778	156	157	UBAAAA	HPFAAA	HHHHxx
+8931	3778	1	3	1	11	31	931	931	3931	8931	62	63	NFAAAA	IPFAAA	OOOOxx
+557	3779	1	1	7	17	57	557	557	557	557	114	115	LVAAAA	JPFAAA	VVVVxx
+5546	3780	0	2	6	6	46	546	1546	546	5546	92	93	IFAAAA	KPFAAA	AAAAxx
+7527	3781	1	3	7	7	27	527	1527	2527	7527	54	55	NDAAAA	LPFAAA	HHHHxx
+5000	3782	0	0	0	0	0	0	1000	0	5000	0	1	IKAAAA	MPFAAA	OOOOxx
+7587	3783	1	3	7	7	87	587	1587	2587	7587	174	175	VFAAAA	NPFAAA	VVVVxx
+3014	3784	0	2	4	14	14	14	1014	3014	3014	28	29	YLAAAA	OPFAAA	AAAAxx
+5276	3785	0	0	6	16	76	276	1276	276	5276	152	153	YUAAAA	PPFAAA	HHHHxx
+6457	3786	1	1	7	17	57	457	457	1457	6457	114	115	JOAAAA	QPFAAA	OOOOxx
+389	3787	1	1	9	9	89	389	389	389	389	178	179	ZOAAAA	RPFAAA	VVVVxx
+7104	3788	0	0	4	4	4	104	1104	2104	7104	8	9	GNAAAA	SPFAAA	AAAAxx
+9995	3789	1	3	5	15	95	995	1995	4995	9995	190	191	LUAAAA	TPFAAA	HHHHxx
+7368	3790	0	0	8	8	68	368	1368	2368	7368	136	137	KXAAAA	UPFAAA	OOOOxx
+3258	3791	0	2	8	18	58	258	1258	3258	3258	116	117	IVAAAA	VPFAAA	VVVVxx
+9208	3792	0	0	8	8	8	208	1208	4208	9208	16	17	EQAAAA	WPFAAA	AAAAxx
+2396	3793	0	0	6	16	96	396	396	2396	2396	192	193	EOAAAA	XPFAAA	HHHHxx
+1715	3794	1	3	5	15	15	715	1715	1715	1715	30	31	ZNAAAA	YPFAAA	OOOOxx
+1240	3795	0	0	0	0	40	240	1240	1240	1240	80	81	SVAAAA	ZPFAAA	VVVVxx
+1952	3796	0	0	2	12	52	952	1952	1952	1952	104	105	CXAAAA	AQFAAA	AAAAxx
+4403	3797	1	3	3	3	3	403	403	4403	4403	6	7	JNAAAA	BQFAAA	HHHHxx
+6333	3798	1	1	3	13	33	333	333	1333	6333	66	67	PJAAAA	CQFAAA	OOOOxx
+2492	3799	0	0	2	12	92	492	492	2492	2492	184	185	WRAAAA	DQFAAA	VVVVxx
+6543	3800	1	3	3	3	43	543	543	1543	6543	86	87	RRAAAA	EQFAAA	AAAAxx
+5548	3801	0	0	8	8	48	548	1548	548	5548	96	97	KFAAAA	FQFAAA	HHHHxx
+3458	3802	0	2	8	18	58	458	1458	3458	3458	116	117	ADAAAA	GQFAAA	OOOOxx
+2588	3803	0	0	8	8	88	588	588	2588	2588	176	177	OVAAAA	HQFAAA	VVVVxx
+1364	3804	0	0	4	4	64	364	1364	1364	1364	128	129	MAAAAA	IQFAAA	AAAAxx
+9856	3805	0	0	6	16	56	856	1856	4856	9856	112	113	CPAAAA	JQFAAA	HHHHxx
+4964	3806	0	0	4	4	64	964	964	4964	4964	128	129	YIAAAA	KQFAAA	OOOOxx
+773	3807	1	1	3	13	73	773	773	773	773	146	147	TDAAAA	LQFAAA	VVVVxx
+6402	3808	0	2	2	2	2	402	402	1402	6402	4	5	GMAAAA	MQFAAA	AAAAxx
+7213	3809	1	1	3	13	13	213	1213	2213	7213	26	27	LRAAAA	NQFAAA	HHHHxx
+3385	3810	1	1	5	5	85	385	1385	3385	3385	170	171	FAAAAA	OQFAAA	OOOOxx
+6005	3811	1	1	5	5	5	5	5	1005	6005	10	11	ZWAAAA	PQFAAA	VVVVxx
+9346	3812	0	2	6	6	46	346	1346	4346	9346	92	93	MVAAAA	QQFAAA	AAAAxx
+1831	3813	1	3	1	11	31	831	1831	1831	1831	62	63	LSAAAA	RQFAAA	HHHHxx
+5406	3814	0	2	6	6	6	406	1406	406	5406	12	13	YZAAAA	SQFAAA	OOOOxx
+2154	3815	0	2	4	14	54	154	154	2154	2154	108	109	WEAAAA	TQFAAA	VVVVxx
+3721	3816	1	1	1	1	21	721	1721	3721	3721	42	43	DNAAAA	UQFAAA	AAAAxx
+2889	3817	1	1	9	9	89	889	889	2889	2889	178	179	DHAAAA	VQFAAA	HHHHxx
+4410	3818	0	2	0	10	10	410	410	4410	4410	20	21	QNAAAA	WQFAAA	OOOOxx
+7102	3819	0	2	2	2	2	102	1102	2102	7102	4	5	ENAAAA	XQFAAA	VVVVxx
+4057	3820	1	1	7	17	57	57	57	4057	4057	114	115	BAAAAA	YQFAAA	AAAAxx
+9780	3821	0	0	0	0	80	780	1780	4780	9780	160	161	EMAAAA	ZQFAAA	HHHHxx
+9481	3822	1	1	1	1	81	481	1481	4481	9481	162	163	RAAAAA	ARFAAA	OOOOxx
+2366	3823	0	2	6	6	66	366	366	2366	2366	132	133	ANAAAA	BRFAAA	VVVVxx
+2708	3824	0	0	8	8	8	708	708	2708	2708	16	17	EAAAAA	CRFAAA	AAAAxx
+7399	3825	1	3	9	19	99	399	1399	2399	7399	198	199	PYAAAA	DRFAAA	HHHHxx
+5234	3826	0	2	4	14	34	234	1234	234	5234	68	69	ITAAAA	ERFAAA	OOOOxx
+1843	3827	1	3	3	3	43	843	1843	1843	1843	86	87	XSAAAA	FRFAAA	VVVVxx
+1006	3828	0	2	6	6	6	6	1006	1006	1006	12	13	SMAAAA	GRFAAA	AAAAxx
+7696	3829	0	0	6	16	96	696	1696	2696	7696	192	193	AKAAAA	HRFAAA	HHHHxx
+6411	3830	1	3	1	11	11	411	411	1411	6411	22	23	PMAAAA	IRFAAA	OOOOxx
+3913	3831	1	1	3	13	13	913	1913	3913	3913	26	27	NUAAAA	JRFAAA	VVVVxx
+2538	3832	0	2	8	18	38	538	538	2538	2538	76	77	QTAAAA	KRFAAA	AAAAxx
+3019	3833	1	3	9	19	19	19	1019	3019	3019	38	39	DMAAAA	LRFAAA	HHHHxx
+107	3834	1	3	7	7	7	107	107	107	107	14	15	DEAAAA	MRFAAA	OOOOxx
+427	3835	1	3	7	7	27	427	427	427	427	54	55	LQAAAA	NRFAAA	VVVVxx
+9849	3836	1	1	9	9	49	849	1849	4849	9849	98	99	VOAAAA	ORFAAA	AAAAxx
+4195	3837	1	3	5	15	95	195	195	4195	4195	190	191	JFAAAA	PRFAAA	HHHHxx
+9215	3838	1	3	5	15	15	215	1215	4215	9215	30	31	LQAAAA	QRFAAA	OOOOxx
+3165	3839	1	1	5	5	65	165	1165	3165	3165	130	131	TRAAAA	RRFAAA	VVVVxx
+3280	3840	0	0	0	0	80	280	1280	3280	3280	160	161	EWAAAA	SRFAAA	AAAAxx
+4477	3841	1	1	7	17	77	477	477	4477	4477	154	155	FQAAAA	TRFAAA	HHHHxx
+5885	3842	1	1	5	5	85	885	1885	885	5885	170	171	JSAAAA	URFAAA	OOOOxx
+3311	3843	1	3	1	11	11	311	1311	3311	3311	22	23	JXAAAA	VRFAAA	VVVVxx
+6453	3844	1	1	3	13	53	453	453	1453	6453	106	107	FOAAAA	WRFAAA	AAAAxx
+8527	3845	1	3	7	7	27	527	527	3527	8527	54	55	ZPAAAA	XRFAAA	HHHHxx
+1921	3846	1	1	1	1	21	921	1921	1921	1921	42	43	XVAAAA	YRFAAA	OOOOxx
+2427	3847	1	3	7	7	27	427	427	2427	2427	54	55	JPAAAA	ZRFAAA	VVVVxx
+3691	3848	1	3	1	11	91	691	1691	3691	3691	182	183	ZLAAAA	ASFAAA	AAAAxx
+3882	3849	0	2	2	2	82	882	1882	3882	3882	164	165	ITAAAA	BSFAAA	HHHHxx
+562	3850	0	2	2	2	62	562	562	562	562	124	125	QVAAAA	CSFAAA	OOOOxx
+377	3851	1	1	7	17	77	377	377	377	377	154	155	NOAAAA	DSFAAA	VVVVxx
+1497	3852	1	1	7	17	97	497	1497	1497	1497	194	195	PFAAAA	ESFAAA	AAAAxx
+4453	3853	1	1	3	13	53	453	453	4453	4453	106	107	HPAAAA	FSFAAA	HHHHxx
+4678	3854	0	2	8	18	78	678	678	4678	4678	156	157	YXAAAA	GSFAAA	OOOOxx
+2234	3855	0	2	4	14	34	234	234	2234	2234	68	69	YHAAAA	HSFAAA	VVVVxx
+1073	3856	1	1	3	13	73	73	1073	1073	1073	146	147	HPAAAA	ISFAAA	AAAAxx
+6479	3857	1	3	9	19	79	479	479	1479	6479	158	159	FPAAAA	JSFAAA	HHHHxx
+5665	3858	1	1	5	5	65	665	1665	665	5665	130	131	XJAAAA	KSFAAA	OOOOxx
+586	3859	0	2	6	6	86	586	586	586	586	172	173	OWAAAA	LSFAAA	VVVVxx
+1584	3860	0	0	4	4	84	584	1584	1584	1584	168	169	YIAAAA	MSFAAA	AAAAxx
+2574	3861	0	2	4	14	74	574	574	2574	2574	148	149	AVAAAA	NSFAAA	HHHHxx
+9833	3862	1	1	3	13	33	833	1833	4833	9833	66	67	FOAAAA	OSFAAA	OOOOxx
+6726	3863	0	2	6	6	26	726	726	1726	6726	52	53	SYAAAA	PSFAAA	VVVVxx
+8497	3864	1	1	7	17	97	497	497	3497	8497	194	195	VOAAAA	QSFAAA	AAAAxx
+2914	3865	0	2	4	14	14	914	914	2914	2914	28	29	CIAAAA	RSFAAA	HHHHxx
+8586	3866	0	2	6	6	86	586	586	3586	8586	172	173	GSAAAA	SSFAAA	OOOOxx
+6973	3867	1	1	3	13	73	973	973	1973	6973	146	147	FIAAAA	TSFAAA	VVVVxx
+1322	3868	0	2	2	2	22	322	1322	1322	1322	44	45	WYAAAA	USFAAA	AAAAxx
+5242	3869	0	2	2	2	42	242	1242	242	5242	84	85	QTAAAA	VSFAAA	HHHHxx
+5581	3870	1	1	1	1	81	581	1581	581	5581	162	163	RGAAAA	WSFAAA	OOOOxx
+1365	3871	1	1	5	5	65	365	1365	1365	1365	130	131	NAAAAA	XSFAAA	VVVVxx
+2818	3872	0	2	8	18	18	818	818	2818	2818	36	37	KEAAAA	YSFAAA	AAAAxx
+3758	3873	0	2	8	18	58	758	1758	3758	3758	116	117	OOAAAA	ZSFAAA	HHHHxx
+2665	3874	1	1	5	5	65	665	665	2665	2665	130	131	NYAAAA	ATFAAA	OOOOxx
+9823	3875	1	3	3	3	23	823	1823	4823	9823	46	47	VNAAAA	BTFAAA	VVVVxx
+7057	3876	1	1	7	17	57	57	1057	2057	7057	114	115	LLAAAA	CTFAAA	AAAAxx
+543	3877	1	3	3	3	43	543	543	543	543	86	87	XUAAAA	DTFAAA	HHHHxx
+4008	3878	0	0	8	8	8	8	8	4008	4008	16	17	EYAAAA	ETFAAA	OOOOxx
+4397	3879	1	1	7	17	97	397	397	4397	4397	194	195	DNAAAA	FTFAAA	VVVVxx
+8533	3880	1	1	3	13	33	533	533	3533	8533	66	67	FQAAAA	GTFAAA	AAAAxx
+9728	3881	0	0	8	8	28	728	1728	4728	9728	56	57	EKAAAA	HTFAAA	HHHHxx
+5198	3882	0	2	8	18	98	198	1198	198	5198	196	197	YRAAAA	ITFAAA	OOOOxx
+5036	3883	0	0	6	16	36	36	1036	36	5036	72	73	SLAAAA	JTFAAA	VVVVxx
+4394	3884	0	2	4	14	94	394	394	4394	4394	188	189	ANAAAA	KTFAAA	AAAAxx
+9633	3885	1	1	3	13	33	633	1633	4633	9633	66	67	NGAAAA	LTFAAA	HHHHxx
+3339	3886	1	3	9	19	39	339	1339	3339	3339	78	79	LYAAAA	MTFAAA	OOOOxx
+9529	3887	1	1	9	9	29	529	1529	4529	9529	58	59	NCAAAA	NTFAAA	VVVVxx
+4780	3888	0	0	0	0	80	780	780	4780	4780	160	161	WBAAAA	OTFAAA	AAAAxx
+4862	3889	0	2	2	2	62	862	862	4862	4862	124	125	AFAAAA	PTFAAA	HHHHxx
+8152	3890	0	0	2	12	52	152	152	3152	8152	104	105	OBAAAA	QTFAAA	OOOOxx
+9330	3891	0	2	0	10	30	330	1330	4330	9330	60	61	WUAAAA	RTFAAA	VVVVxx
+4362	3892	0	2	2	2	62	362	362	4362	4362	124	125	ULAAAA	STFAAA	AAAAxx
+4688	3893	0	0	8	8	88	688	688	4688	4688	176	177	IYAAAA	TTFAAA	HHHHxx
+1903	3894	1	3	3	3	3	903	1903	1903	1903	6	7	FVAAAA	UTFAAA	OOOOxx
+9027	3895	1	3	7	7	27	27	1027	4027	9027	54	55	FJAAAA	VTFAAA	VVVVxx
+5385	3896	1	1	5	5	85	385	1385	385	5385	170	171	DZAAAA	WTFAAA	AAAAxx
+9854	3897	0	2	4	14	54	854	1854	4854	9854	108	109	APAAAA	XTFAAA	HHHHxx
+9033	3898	1	1	3	13	33	33	1033	4033	9033	66	67	LJAAAA	YTFAAA	OOOOxx
+3185	3899	1	1	5	5	85	185	1185	3185	3185	170	171	NSAAAA	ZTFAAA	VVVVxx
+2618	3900	0	2	8	18	18	618	618	2618	2618	36	37	SWAAAA	AUFAAA	AAAAxx
+371	3901	1	3	1	11	71	371	371	371	371	142	143	HOAAAA	BUFAAA	HHHHxx
+3697	3902	1	1	7	17	97	697	1697	3697	3697	194	195	FMAAAA	CUFAAA	OOOOxx
+1682	3903	0	2	2	2	82	682	1682	1682	1682	164	165	SMAAAA	DUFAAA	VVVVxx
+3333	3904	1	1	3	13	33	333	1333	3333	3333	66	67	FYAAAA	EUFAAA	AAAAxx
+1722	3905	0	2	2	2	22	722	1722	1722	1722	44	45	GOAAAA	FUFAAA	HHHHxx
+2009	3906	1	1	9	9	9	9	9	2009	2009	18	19	HZAAAA	GUFAAA	OOOOxx
+3517	3907	1	1	7	17	17	517	1517	3517	3517	34	35	HFAAAA	HUFAAA	VVVVxx
+7640	3908	0	0	0	0	40	640	1640	2640	7640	80	81	WHAAAA	IUFAAA	AAAAxx
+259	3909	1	3	9	19	59	259	259	259	259	118	119	ZJAAAA	JUFAAA	HHHHxx
+1400	3910	0	0	0	0	0	400	1400	1400	1400	0	1	WBAAAA	KUFAAA	OOOOxx
+6663	3911	1	3	3	3	63	663	663	1663	6663	126	127	HWAAAA	LUFAAA	VVVVxx
+1576	3912	0	0	6	16	76	576	1576	1576	1576	152	153	QIAAAA	MUFAAA	AAAAxx
+8843	3913	1	3	3	3	43	843	843	3843	8843	86	87	DCAAAA	NUFAAA	HHHHxx
+9474	3914	0	2	4	14	74	474	1474	4474	9474	148	149	KAAAAA	OUFAAA	OOOOxx
+1597	3915	1	1	7	17	97	597	1597	1597	1597	194	195	LJAAAA	PUFAAA	VVVVxx
+1143	3916	1	3	3	3	43	143	1143	1143	1143	86	87	ZRAAAA	QUFAAA	AAAAxx
+4162	3917	0	2	2	2	62	162	162	4162	4162	124	125	CEAAAA	RUFAAA	HHHHxx
+1301	3918	1	1	1	1	1	301	1301	1301	1301	2	3	BYAAAA	SUFAAA	OOOOxx
+2935	3919	1	3	5	15	35	935	935	2935	2935	70	71	XIAAAA	TUFAAA	VVVVxx
+886	3920	0	2	6	6	86	886	886	886	886	172	173	CIAAAA	UUFAAA	AAAAxx
+1661	3921	1	1	1	1	61	661	1661	1661	1661	122	123	XLAAAA	VUFAAA	HHHHxx
+1026	3922	0	2	6	6	26	26	1026	1026	1026	52	53	MNAAAA	WUFAAA	OOOOxx
+7034	3923	0	2	4	14	34	34	1034	2034	7034	68	69	OKAAAA	XUFAAA	VVVVxx
+2305	3924	1	1	5	5	5	305	305	2305	2305	10	11	RKAAAA	YUFAAA	AAAAxx
+1725	3925	1	1	5	5	25	725	1725	1725	1725	50	51	JOAAAA	ZUFAAA	HHHHxx
+909	3926	1	1	9	9	9	909	909	909	909	18	19	ZIAAAA	AVFAAA	OOOOxx
+9906	3927	0	2	6	6	6	906	1906	4906	9906	12	13	ARAAAA	BVFAAA	VVVVxx
+3309	3928	1	1	9	9	9	309	1309	3309	3309	18	19	HXAAAA	CVFAAA	AAAAxx
+515	3929	1	3	5	15	15	515	515	515	515	30	31	VTAAAA	DVFAAA	HHHHxx
+932	3930	0	0	2	12	32	932	932	932	932	64	65	WJAAAA	EVFAAA	OOOOxx
+8144	3931	0	0	4	4	44	144	144	3144	8144	88	89	GBAAAA	FVFAAA	VVVVxx
+5592	3932	0	0	2	12	92	592	1592	592	5592	184	185	CHAAAA	GVFAAA	AAAAxx
+4003	3933	1	3	3	3	3	3	3	4003	4003	6	7	ZXAAAA	HVFAAA	HHHHxx
+9566	3934	0	2	6	6	66	566	1566	4566	9566	132	133	YDAAAA	IVFAAA	OOOOxx
+4556	3935	0	0	6	16	56	556	556	4556	4556	112	113	GTAAAA	JVFAAA	VVVVxx
+268	3936	0	0	8	8	68	268	268	268	268	136	137	IKAAAA	KVFAAA	AAAAxx
+8107	3937	1	3	7	7	7	107	107	3107	8107	14	15	VZAAAA	LVFAAA	HHHHxx
+5816	3938	0	0	6	16	16	816	1816	816	5816	32	33	SPAAAA	MVFAAA	OOOOxx
+8597	3939	1	1	7	17	97	597	597	3597	8597	194	195	RSAAAA	NVFAAA	VVVVxx
+9611	3940	1	3	1	11	11	611	1611	4611	9611	22	23	RFAAAA	OVFAAA	AAAAxx
+8070	3941	0	2	0	10	70	70	70	3070	8070	140	141	KYAAAA	PVFAAA	HHHHxx
+6040	3942	0	0	0	0	40	40	40	1040	6040	80	81	IYAAAA	QVFAAA	OOOOxx
+3184	3943	0	0	4	4	84	184	1184	3184	3184	168	169	MSAAAA	RVFAAA	VVVVxx
+9656	3944	0	0	6	16	56	656	1656	4656	9656	112	113	KHAAAA	SVFAAA	AAAAxx
+1577	3945	1	1	7	17	77	577	1577	1577	1577	154	155	RIAAAA	TVFAAA	HHHHxx
+1805	3946	1	1	5	5	5	805	1805	1805	1805	10	11	LRAAAA	UVFAAA	OOOOxx
+8268	3947	0	0	8	8	68	268	268	3268	8268	136	137	AGAAAA	VVFAAA	VVVVxx
+3489	3948	1	1	9	9	89	489	1489	3489	3489	178	179	FEAAAA	WVFAAA	AAAAxx
+4564	3949	0	0	4	4	64	564	564	4564	4564	128	129	OTAAAA	XVFAAA	HHHHxx
+4006	3950	0	2	6	6	6	6	6	4006	4006	12	13	CYAAAA	YVFAAA	OOOOxx
+8466	3951	0	2	6	6	66	466	466	3466	8466	132	133	QNAAAA	ZVFAAA	VVVVxx
+938	3952	0	2	8	18	38	938	938	938	938	76	77	CKAAAA	AWFAAA	AAAAxx
+5944	3953	0	0	4	4	44	944	1944	944	5944	88	89	QUAAAA	BWFAAA	HHHHxx
+8363	3954	1	3	3	3	63	363	363	3363	8363	126	127	RJAAAA	CWFAAA	OOOOxx
+5348	3955	0	0	8	8	48	348	1348	348	5348	96	97	SXAAAA	DWFAAA	VVVVxx
+71	3956	1	3	1	11	71	71	71	71	71	142	143	TCAAAA	EWFAAA	AAAAxx
+3620	3957	0	0	0	0	20	620	1620	3620	3620	40	41	GJAAAA	FWFAAA	HHHHxx
+3230	3958	0	2	0	10	30	230	1230	3230	3230	60	61	GUAAAA	GWFAAA	OOOOxx
+6132	3959	0	0	2	12	32	132	132	1132	6132	64	65	WBAAAA	HWFAAA	VVVVxx
+6143	3960	1	3	3	3	43	143	143	1143	6143	86	87	HCAAAA	IWFAAA	AAAAxx
+8781	3961	1	1	1	1	81	781	781	3781	8781	162	163	TZAAAA	JWFAAA	HHHHxx
+5522	3962	0	2	2	2	22	522	1522	522	5522	44	45	KEAAAA	KWFAAA	OOOOxx
+6320	3963	0	0	0	0	20	320	320	1320	6320	40	41	CJAAAA	LWFAAA	VVVVxx
+3923	3964	1	3	3	3	23	923	1923	3923	3923	46	47	XUAAAA	MWFAAA	AAAAxx
+2207	3965	1	3	7	7	7	207	207	2207	2207	14	15	XGAAAA	NWFAAA	HHHHxx
+966	3966	0	2	6	6	66	966	966	966	966	132	133	ELAAAA	OWFAAA	OOOOxx
+9020	3967	0	0	0	0	20	20	1020	4020	9020	40	41	YIAAAA	PWFAAA	VVVVxx
+4616	3968	0	0	6	16	16	616	616	4616	4616	32	33	OVAAAA	QWFAAA	AAAAxx
+8289	3969	1	1	9	9	89	289	289	3289	8289	178	179	VGAAAA	RWFAAA	HHHHxx
+5796	3970	0	0	6	16	96	796	1796	796	5796	192	193	YOAAAA	SWFAAA	OOOOxx
+9259	3971	1	3	9	19	59	259	1259	4259	9259	118	119	DSAAAA	TWFAAA	VVVVxx
+3710	3972	0	2	0	10	10	710	1710	3710	3710	20	21	SMAAAA	UWFAAA	AAAAxx
+251	3973	1	3	1	11	51	251	251	251	251	102	103	RJAAAA	VWFAAA	HHHHxx
+7669	3974	1	1	9	9	69	669	1669	2669	7669	138	139	ZIAAAA	WWFAAA	OOOOxx
+6304	3975	0	0	4	4	4	304	304	1304	6304	8	9	MIAAAA	XWFAAA	VVVVxx
+6454	3976	0	2	4	14	54	454	454	1454	6454	108	109	GOAAAA	YWFAAA	AAAAxx
+1489	3977	1	1	9	9	89	489	1489	1489	1489	178	179	HFAAAA	ZWFAAA	HHHHxx
+715	3978	1	3	5	15	15	715	715	715	715	30	31	NBAAAA	AXFAAA	OOOOxx
+4319	3979	1	3	9	19	19	319	319	4319	4319	38	39	DKAAAA	BXFAAA	VVVVxx
+7112	3980	0	0	2	12	12	112	1112	2112	7112	24	25	ONAAAA	CXFAAA	AAAAxx
+3726	3981	0	2	6	6	26	726	1726	3726	3726	52	53	INAAAA	DXFAAA	HHHHxx
+7727	3982	1	3	7	7	27	727	1727	2727	7727	54	55	FLAAAA	EXFAAA	OOOOxx
+8387	3983	1	3	7	7	87	387	387	3387	8387	174	175	PKAAAA	FXFAAA	VVVVxx
+6555	3984	1	3	5	15	55	555	555	1555	6555	110	111	DSAAAA	GXFAAA	AAAAxx
+1148	3985	0	0	8	8	48	148	1148	1148	1148	96	97	ESAAAA	HXFAAA	HHHHxx
+9000	3986	0	0	0	0	0	0	1000	4000	9000	0	1	EIAAAA	IXFAAA	OOOOxx
+5278	3987	0	2	8	18	78	278	1278	278	5278	156	157	AVAAAA	JXFAAA	VVVVxx
+2388	3988	0	0	8	8	88	388	388	2388	2388	176	177	WNAAAA	KXFAAA	AAAAxx
+7984	3989	0	0	4	4	84	984	1984	2984	7984	168	169	CVAAAA	LXFAAA	HHHHxx
+881	3990	1	1	1	1	81	881	881	881	881	162	163	XHAAAA	MXFAAA	OOOOxx
+6830	3991	0	2	0	10	30	830	830	1830	6830	60	61	SCAAAA	NXFAAA	VVVVxx
+7056	3992	0	0	6	16	56	56	1056	2056	7056	112	113	KLAAAA	OXFAAA	AAAAxx
+7581	3993	1	1	1	1	81	581	1581	2581	7581	162	163	PFAAAA	PXFAAA	HHHHxx
+5214	3994	0	2	4	14	14	214	1214	214	5214	28	29	OSAAAA	QXFAAA	OOOOxx
+2505	3995	1	1	5	5	5	505	505	2505	2505	10	11	JSAAAA	RXFAAA	VVVVxx
+5112	3996	0	0	2	12	12	112	1112	112	5112	24	25	QOAAAA	SXFAAA	AAAAxx
+9884	3997	0	0	4	4	84	884	1884	4884	9884	168	169	EQAAAA	TXFAAA	HHHHxx
+8040	3998	0	0	0	0	40	40	40	3040	8040	80	81	GXAAAA	UXFAAA	OOOOxx
+7033	3999	1	1	3	13	33	33	1033	2033	7033	66	67	NKAAAA	VXFAAA	VVVVxx
+9343	4000	1	3	3	3	43	343	1343	4343	9343	86	87	JVAAAA	WXFAAA	AAAAxx
+2931	4001	1	3	1	11	31	931	931	2931	2931	62	63	TIAAAA	XXFAAA	HHHHxx
+9024	4002	0	0	4	4	24	24	1024	4024	9024	48	49	CJAAAA	YXFAAA	OOOOxx
+6485	4003	1	1	5	5	85	485	485	1485	6485	170	171	LPAAAA	ZXFAAA	VVVVxx
+3465	4004	1	1	5	5	65	465	1465	3465	3465	130	131	HDAAAA	AYFAAA	AAAAxx
+3357	4005	1	1	7	17	57	357	1357	3357	3357	114	115	DZAAAA	BYFAAA	HHHHxx
+2929	4006	1	1	9	9	29	929	929	2929	2929	58	59	RIAAAA	CYFAAA	OOOOxx
+3086	4007	0	2	6	6	86	86	1086	3086	3086	172	173	SOAAAA	DYFAAA	VVVVxx
+8897	4008	1	1	7	17	97	897	897	3897	8897	194	195	FEAAAA	EYFAAA	AAAAxx
+9688	4009	0	0	8	8	88	688	1688	4688	9688	176	177	QIAAAA	FYFAAA	HHHHxx
+6522	4010	0	2	2	2	22	522	522	1522	6522	44	45	WQAAAA	GYFAAA	OOOOxx
+3241	4011	1	1	1	1	41	241	1241	3241	3241	82	83	RUAAAA	HYFAAA	VVVVxx
+8770	4012	0	2	0	10	70	770	770	3770	8770	140	141	IZAAAA	IYFAAA	AAAAxx
+2884	4013	0	0	4	4	84	884	884	2884	2884	168	169	YGAAAA	JYFAAA	HHHHxx
+9579	4014	1	3	9	19	79	579	1579	4579	9579	158	159	LEAAAA	KYFAAA	OOOOxx
+3125	4015	1	1	5	5	25	125	1125	3125	3125	50	51	FQAAAA	LYFAAA	VVVVxx
+4604	4016	0	0	4	4	4	604	604	4604	4604	8	9	CVAAAA	MYFAAA	AAAAxx
+2682	4017	0	2	2	2	82	682	682	2682	2682	164	165	EZAAAA	NYFAAA	HHHHxx
+254	4018	0	2	4	14	54	254	254	254	254	108	109	UJAAAA	OYFAAA	OOOOxx
+6569	4019	1	1	9	9	69	569	569	1569	6569	138	139	RSAAAA	PYFAAA	VVVVxx
+2686	4020	0	2	6	6	86	686	686	2686	2686	172	173	IZAAAA	QYFAAA	AAAAxx
+2123	4021	1	3	3	3	23	123	123	2123	2123	46	47	RDAAAA	RYFAAA	HHHHxx
+1745	4022	1	1	5	5	45	745	1745	1745	1745	90	91	DPAAAA	SYFAAA	OOOOxx
+247	4023	1	3	7	7	47	247	247	247	247	94	95	NJAAAA	TYFAAA	VVVVxx
+5800	4024	0	0	0	0	0	800	1800	800	5800	0	1	CPAAAA	UYFAAA	AAAAxx
+1121	4025	1	1	1	1	21	121	1121	1121	1121	42	43	DRAAAA	VYFAAA	HHHHxx
+8893	4026	1	1	3	13	93	893	893	3893	8893	186	187	BEAAAA	WYFAAA	OOOOxx
+7819	4027	1	3	9	19	19	819	1819	2819	7819	38	39	TOAAAA	XYFAAA	VVVVxx
+1339	4028	1	3	9	19	39	339	1339	1339	1339	78	79	NZAAAA	YYFAAA	AAAAxx
+5680	4029	0	0	0	0	80	680	1680	680	5680	160	161	MKAAAA	ZYFAAA	HHHHxx
+5093	4030	1	1	3	13	93	93	1093	93	5093	186	187	XNAAAA	AZFAAA	OOOOxx
+3508	4031	0	0	8	8	8	508	1508	3508	3508	16	17	YEAAAA	BZFAAA	VVVVxx
+933	4032	1	1	3	13	33	933	933	933	933	66	67	XJAAAA	CZFAAA	AAAAxx
+1106	4033	0	2	6	6	6	106	1106	1106	1106	12	13	OQAAAA	DZFAAA	HHHHxx
+4386	4034	0	2	6	6	86	386	386	4386	4386	172	173	SMAAAA	EZFAAA	OOOOxx
+5895	4035	1	3	5	15	95	895	1895	895	5895	190	191	TSAAAA	FZFAAA	VVVVxx
+2980	4036	0	0	0	0	80	980	980	2980	2980	160	161	QKAAAA	GZFAAA	AAAAxx
+4400	4037	0	0	0	0	0	400	400	4400	4400	0	1	GNAAAA	HZFAAA	HHHHxx
+7433	4038	1	1	3	13	33	433	1433	2433	7433	66	67	XZAAAA	IZFAAA	OOOOxx
+6110	4039	0	2	0	10	10	110	110	1110	6110	20	21	ABAAAA	JZFAAA	VVVVxx
+867	4040	1	3	7	7	67	867	867	867	867	134	135	JHAAAA	KZFAAA	AAAAxx
+5292	4041	0	0	2	12	92	292	1292	292	5292	184	185	OVAAAA	LZFAAA	HHHHxx
+3926	4042	0	2	6	6	26	926	1926	3926	3926	52	53	AVAAAA	MZFAAA	OOOOxx
+1107	4043	1	3	7	7	7	107	1107	1107	1107	14	15	PQAAAA	NZFAAA	VVVVxx
+7355	4044	1	3	5	15	55	355	1355	2355	7355	110	111	XWAAAA	OZFAAA	AAAAxx
+4689	4045	1	1	9	9	89	689	689	4689	4689	178	179	JYAAAA	PZFAAA	HHHHxx
+4872	4046	0	0	2	12	72	872	872	4872	4872	144	145	KFAAAA	QZFAAA	OOOOxx
+7821	4047	1	1	1	1	21	821	1821	2821	7821	42	43	VOAAAA	RZFAAA	VVVVxx
+7277	4048	1	1	7	17	77	277	1277	2277	7277	154	155	XTAAAA	SZFAAA	AAAAxx
+3268	4049	0	0	8	8	68	268	1268	3268	3268	136	137	SVAAAA	TZFAAA	HHHHxx
+8877	4050	1	1	7	17	77	877	877	3877	8877	154	155	LDAAAA	UZFAAA	OOOOxx
+343	4051	1	3	3	3	43	343	343	343	343	86	87	FNAAAA	VZFAAA	VVVVxx
+621	4052	1	1	1	1	21	621	621	621	621	42	43	XXAAAA	WZFAAA	AAAAxx
+5429	4053	1	1	9	9	29	429	1429	429	5429	58	59	VAAAAA	XZFAAA	HHHHxx
+392	4054	0	0	2	12	92	392	392	392	392	184	185	CPAAAA	YZFAAA	OOOOxx
+6004	4055	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	1004	6004	8	9	YWAAAA	ZZFAAA	VVVVxx
+6377	4056	1	1	7	17	77	377	377	1377	6377	154	155	HLAAAA	AAGAAA	AAAAxx
+3037	4057	1	1	7	17	37	37	1037	3037	3037	74	75	VMAAAA	BAGAAA	HHHHxx
+3514	4058	0	2	4	14	14	514	1514	3514	3514	28	29	EFAAAA	CAGAAA	OOOOxx
+8740	4059	0	0	0	0	40	740	740	3740	8740	80	81	EYAAAA	DAGAAA	VVVVxx
+3877	4060	1	1	7	17	77	877	1877	3877	3877	154	155	DTAAAA	EAGAAA	AAAAxx
+5731	4061	1	3	1	11	31	731	1731	731	5731	62	63	LMAAAA	FAGAAA	HHHHxx
+6407	4062	1	3	7	7	7	407	407	1407	6407	14	15	LMAAAA	GAGAAA	OOOOxx
+2044	4063	0	0	4	4	44	44	44	2044	2044	88	89	QAAAAA	HAGAAA	VVVVxx
+7362	4064	0	2	2	2	62	362	1362	2362	7362	124	125	EXAAAA	IAGAAA	AAAAxx
+5458	4065	0	2	8	18	58	458	1458	458	5458	116	117	YBAAAA	JAGAAA	HHHHxx
+6437	4066	1	1	7	17	37	437	437	1437	6437	74	75	PNAAAA	KAGAAA	OOOOxx
+1051	4067	1	3	1	11	51	51	1051	1051	1051	102	103	LOAAAA	LAGAAA	VVVVxx
+1203	4068	1	3	3	3	3	203	1203	1203	1203	6	7	HUAAAA	MAGAAA	AAAAxx
+2176	4069	0	0	6	16	76	176	176	2176	2176	152	153	SFAAAA	NAGAAA	HHHHxx
+8997	4070	1	1	7	17	97	997	997	3997	8997	194	195	BIAAAA	OAGAAA	OOOOxx
+6378	4071	0	2	8	18	78	378	378	1378	6378	156	157	ILAAAA	PAGAAA	VVVVxx
+6006	4072	0	2	6	6	6	6	6	1006	6006	12	13	AXAAAA	QAGAAA	AAAAxx
+2308	4073	0	0	8	8	8	308	308	2308	2308	16	17	UKAAAA	RAGAAA	HHHHxx
+625	4074	1	1	5	5	25	625	625	625	625	50	51	BYAAAA	SAGAAA	OOOOxx
+7298	4075	0	2	8	18	98	298	1298	2298	7298	196	197	SUAAAA	TAGAAA	VVVVxx
+5575	4076	1	3	5	15	75	575	1575	575	5575	150	151	LGAAAA	UAGAAA	AAAAxx
+3565	4077	1	1	5	5	65	565	1565	3565	3565	130	131	DHAAAA	VAGAAA	HHHHxx
+47	4078	1	3	7	7	47	47	47	47	47	94	95	VBAAAA	WAGAAA	OOOOxx
+2413	4079	1	1	3	13	13	413	413	2413	2413	26	27	VOAAAA	XAGAAA	VVVVxx
+2153	4080	1	1	3	13	53	153	153	2153	2153	106	107	VEAAAA	YAGAAA	AAAAxx
+752	4081	0	0	2	12	52	752	752	752	752	104	105	YCAAAA	ZAGAAA	HHHHxx
+4095	4082	1	3	5	15	95	95	95	4095	4095	190	191	NBAAAA	ABGAAA	OOOOxx
+2518	4083	0	2	8	18	18	518	518	2518	2518	36	37	WSAAAA	BBGAAA	VVVVxx
+3681	4084	1	1	1	1	81	681	1681	3681	3681	162	163	PLAAAA	CBGAAA	AAAAxx
+4213	4085	1	1	3	13	13	213	213	4213	4213	26	27	BGAAAA	DBGAAA	HHHHxx
+2615	4086	1	3	5	15	15	615	615	2615	2615	30	31	PWAAAA	EBGAAA	OOOOxx
+1471	4087	1	3	1	11	71	471	1471	1471	1471	142	143	PEAAAA	FBGAAA	VVVVxx
+7315	4088	1	3	5	15	15	315	1315	2315	7315	30	31	JVAAAA	GBGAAA	AAAAxx
+6013	4089	1	1	3	13	13	13	13	1013	6013	26	27	HXAAAA	HBGAAA	HHHHxx
+3077	4090	1	1	7	17	77	77	1077	3077	3077	154	155	JOAAAA	IBGAAA	OOOOxx
+2190	4091	0	2	0	10	90	190	190	2190	2190	180	181	GGAAAA	JBGAAA	VVVVxx
+528	4092	0	0	8	8	28	528	528	528	528	56	57	IUAAAA	KBGAAA	AAAAxx
+9508	4093	0	0	8	8	8	508	1508	4508	9508	16	17	SBAAAA	LBGAAA	HHHHxx
+2473	4094	1	1	3	13	73	473	473	2473	2473	146	147	DRAAAA	MBGAAA	OOOOxx
+167	4095	1	3	7	7	67	167	167	167	167	134	135	LGAAAA	NBGAAA	VVVVxx
+8448	4096	0	0	8	8	48	448	448	3448	8448	96	97	YMAAAA	OBGAAA	AAAAxx
+7538	4097	0	2	8	18	38	538	1538	2538	7538	76	77	YDAAAA	PBGAAA	HHHHxx
+7638	4098	0	2	8	18	38	638	1638	2638	7638	76	77	UHAAAA	QBGAAA	OOOOxx
+4328	4099	0	0	8	8	28	328	328	4328	4328	56	57	MKAAAA	RBGAAA	VVVVxx
+3812	4100	0	0	2	12	12	812	1812	3812	3812	24	25	QQAAAA	SBGAAA	AAAAxx
+2879	4101	1	3	9	19	79	879	879	2879	2879	158	159	TGAAAA	TBGAAA	HHHHxx
+4741	4102	1	1	1	1	41	741	741	4741	4741	82	83	JAAAAA	UBGAAA	OOOOxx
+9155	4103	1	3	5	15	55	155	1155	4155	9155	110	111	DOAAAA	VBGAAA	VVVVxx
+5151	4104	1	3	1	11	51	151	1151	151	5151	102	103	DQAAAA	WBGAAA	AAAAxx
+5591	4105	1	3	1	11	91	591	1591	591	5591	182	183	BHAAAA	XBGAAA	HHHHxx
+1034	4106	0	2	4	14	34	34	1034	1034	1034	68	69	UNAAAA	YBGAAA	OOOOxx
+765	4107	1	1	5	5	65	765	765	765	765	130	131	LDAAAA	ZBGAAA	VVVVxx
+2664	4108	0	0	4	4	64	664	664	2664	2664	128	129	MYAAAA	ACGAAA	AAAAxx
+6854	4109	0	2	4	14	54	854	854	1854	6854	108	109	QDAAAA	BCGAAA	HHHHxx
+8263	4110	1	3	3	3	63	263	263	3263	8263	126	127	VFAAAA	CCGAAA	OOOOxx
+8658	4111	0	2	8	18	58	658	658	3658	8658	116	117	AVAAAA	DCGAAA	VVVVxx
+587	4112	1	3	7	7	87	587	587	587	587	174	175	PWAAAA	ECGAAA	AAAAxx
+4553	4113	1	1	3	13	53	553	553	4553	4553	106	107	DTAAAA	FCGAAA	HHHHxx
+1368	4114	0	0	8	8	68	368	1368	1368	1368	136	137	QAAAAA	GCGAAA	OOOOxx
+1718	4115	0	2	8	18	18	718	1718	1718	1718	36	37	COAAAA	HCGAAA	VVVVxx
+140	4116	0	0	0	0	40	140	140	140	140	80	81	KFAAAA	ICGAAA	AAAAxx
+8341	4117	1	1	1	1	41	341	341	3341	8341	82	83	VIAAAA	JCGAAA	HHHHxx
+72	4118	0	0	2	12	72	72	72	72	72	144	145	UCAAAA	KCGAAA	OOOOxx
+6589	4119	1	1	9	9	89	589	589	1589	6589	178	179	LTAAAA	LCGAAA	VVVVxx
+2024	4120	0	0	4	4	24	24	24	2024	2024	48	49	WZAAAA	MCGAAA	AAAAxx
+8024	4121	0	0	4	4	24	24	24	3024	8024	48	49	QWAAAA	NCGAAA	HHHHxx
+9564	4122	0	0	4	4	64	564	1564	4564	9564	128	129	WDAAAA	OCGAAA	OOOOxx
+8625	4123	1	1	5	5	25	625	625	3625	8625	50	51	TTAAAA	PCGAAA	VVVVxx
+2680	4124	0	0	0	0	80	680	680	2680	2680	160	161	CZAAAA	QCGAAA	AAAAxx
+4323	4125	1	3	3	3	23	323	323	4323	4323	46	47	HKAAAA	RCGAAA	HHHHxx
+8981	4126	1	1	1	1	81	981	981	3981	8981	162	163	LHAAAA	SCGAAA	OOOOxx
+8909	4127	1	1	9	9	9	909	909	3909	8909	18	19	REAAAA	TCGAAA	VVVVxx
+5288	4128	0	0	8	8	88	288	1288	288	5288	176	177	KVAAAA	UCGAAA	AAAAxx
+2057	4129	1	1	7	17	57	57	57	2057	2057	114	115	DBAAAA	VCGAAA	HHHHxx
+5931	4130	1	3	1	11	31	931	1931	931	5931	62	63	DUAAAA	WCGAAA	OOOOxx
+9794	4131	0	2	4	14	94	794	1794	4794	9794	188	189	SMAAAA	XCGAAA	VVVVxx
+1012	4132	0	0	2	12	12	12	1012	1012	1012	24	25	YMAAAA	YCGAAA	AAAAxx
+5496	4133	0	0	6	16	96	496	1496	496	5496	192	193	KDAAAA	ZCGAAA	HHHHxx
+9182	4134	0	2	2	2	82	182	1182	4182	9182	164	165	EPAAAA	ADGAAA	OOOOxx
+5258	4135	0	2	8	18	58	258	1258	258	5258	116	117	GUAAAA	BDGAAA	VVVVxx
+3050	4136	0	2	0	10	50	50	1050	3050	3050	100	101	INAAAA	CDGAAA	AAAAxx
+2083	4137	1	3	3	3	83	83	83	2083	2083	166	167	DCAAAA	DDGAAA	HHHHxx
+3069	4138	1	1	9	9	69	69	1069	3069	3069	138	139	BOAAAA	EDGAAA	OOOOxx
+8459	4139	1	3	9	19	59	459	459	3459	8459	118	119	JNAAAA	FDGAAA	VVVVxx
+169	4140	1	1	9	9	69	169	169	169	169	138	139	NGAAAA	GDGAAA	AAAAxx
+4379	4141	1	3	9	19	79	379	379	4379	4379	158	159	LMAAAA	HDGAAA	HHHHxx
+5126	4142	0	2	6	6	26	126	1126	126	5126	52	53	EPAAAA	IDGAAA	OOOOxx
+1415	4143	1	3	5	15	15	415	1415	1415	1415	30	31	LCAAAA	JDGAAA	VVVVxx
+1163	4144	1	3	3	3	63	163	1163	1163	1163	126	127	TSAAAA	KDGAAA	AAAAxx
+3500	4145	0	0	0	0	0	500	1500	3500	3500	0	1	QEAAAA	LDGAAA	HHHHxx
+7202	4146	0	2	2	2	2	202	1202	2202	7202	4	5	ARAAAA	MDGAAA	OOOOxx
+747	4147	1	3	7	7	47	747	747	747	747	94	95	TCAAAA	NDGAAA	VVVVxx
+9264	4148	0	0	4	4	64	264	1264	4264	9264	128	129	ISAAAA	ODGAAA	AAAAxx
+8548	4149	0	0	8	8	48	548	548	3548	8548	96	97	UQAAAA	PDGAAA	HHHHxx
+4228	4150	0	0	8	8	28	228	228	4228	4228	56	57	QGAAAA	QDGAAA	OOOOxx
+7122	4151	0	2	2	2	22	122	1122	2122	7122	44	45	YNAAAA	RDGAAA	VVVVxx
+3395	4152	1	3	5	15	95	395	1395	3395	3395	190	191	PAAAAA	SDGAAA	AAAAxx
+5674	4153	0	2	4	14	74	674	1674	674	5674	148	149	GKAAAA	TDGAAA	HHHHxx
+7293	4154	1	1	3	13	93	293	1293	2293	7293	186	187	NUAAAA	UDGAAA	OOOOxx
+737	4155	1	1	7	17	37	737	737	737	737	74	75	JCAAAA	VDGAAA	VVVVxx
+9595	4156	1	3	5	15	95	595	1595	4595	9595	190	191	BFAAAA	WDGAAA	AAAAxx
+594	4157	0	2	4	14	94	594	594	594	594	188	189	WWAAAA	XDGAAA	HHHHxx
+5322	4158	0	2	2	2	22	322	1322	322	5322	44	45	SWAAAA	YDGAAA	OOOOxx
+2933	4159	1	1	3	13	33	933	933	2933	2933	66	67	VIAAAA	ZDGAAA	VVVVxx
+4955	4160	1	3	5	15	55	955	955	4955	4955	110	111	PIAAAA	AEGAAA	AAAAxx
+4073	4161	1	1	3	13	73	73	73	4073	4073	146	147	RAAAAA	BEGAAA	HHHHxx
+7249	4162	1	1	9	9	49	249	1249	2249	7249	98	99	VSAAAA	CEGAAA	OOOOxx
+192	4163	0	0	2	12	92	192	192	192	192	184	185	KHAAAA	DEGAAA	VVVVxx
+2617	4164	1	1	7	17	17	617	617	2617	2617	34	35	RWAAAA	EEGAAA	AAAAxx
+7409	4165	1	1	9	9	9	409	1409	2409	7409	18	19	ZYAAAA	FEGAAA	HHHHxx
+4903	4166	1	3	3	3	3	903	903	4903	4903	6	7	PGAAAA	GEGAAA	OOOOxx
+9797	4167	1	1	7	17	97	797	1797	4797	9797	194	195	VMAAAA	HEGAAA	VVVVxx
+9919	4168	1	3	9	19	19	919	1919	4919	9919	38	39	NRAAAA	IEGAAA	AAAAxx
+1878	4169	0	2	8	18	78	878	1878	1878	1878	156	157	GUAAAA	JEGAAA	HHHHxx
+4851	4170	1	3	1	11	51	851	851	4851	4851	102	103	PEAAAA	KEGAAA	OOOOxx
+5514	4171	0	2	4	14	14	514	1514	514	5514	28	29	CEAAAA	LEGAAA	VVVVxx
+2582	4172	0	2	2	2	82	582	582	2582	2582	164	165	IVAAAA	MEGAAA	AAAAxx
+3564	4173	0	0	4	4	64	564	1564	3564	3564	128	129	CHAAAA	NEGAAA	HHHHxx
+7085	4174	1	1	5	5	85	85	1085	2085	7085	170	171	NMAAAA	OEGAAA	OOOOxx
+3619	4175	1	3	9	19	19	619	1619	3619	3619	38	39	FJAAAA	PEGAAA	VVVVxx
+261	4176	1	1	1	1	61	261	261	261	261	122	123	BKAAAA	QEGAAA	AAAAxx
+7338	4177	0	2	8	18	38	338	1338	2338	7338	76	77	GWAAAA	REGAAA	HHHHxx
+4251	4178	1	3	1	11	51	251	251	4251	4251	102	103	NHAAAA	SEGAAA	OOOOxx
+5360	4179	0	0	0	0	60	360	1360	360	5360	120	121	EYAAAA	TEGAAA	VVVVxx
+5678	4180	0	2	8	18	78	678	1678	678	5678	156	157	KKAAAA	UEGAAA	AAAAxx
+9162	4181	0	2	2	2	62	162	1162	4162	9162	124	125	KOAAAA	VEGAAA	HHHHxx
+5920	4182	0	0	0	0	20	920	1920	920	5920	40	41	STAAAA	WEGAAA	OOOOxx
+7156	4183	0	0	6	16	56	156	1156	2156	7156	112	113	GPAAAA	XEGAAA	VVVVxx
+4271	4184	1	3	1	11	71	271	271	4271	4271	142	143	HIAAAA	YEGAAA	AAAAxx
+4698	4185	0	2	8	18	98	698	698	4698	4698	196	197	SYAAAA	ZEGAAA	HHHHxx
+1572	4186	0	0	2	12	72	572	1572	1572	1572	144	145	MIAAAA	AFGAAA	OOOOxx
+6974	4187	0	2	4	14	74	974	974	1974	6974	148	149	GIAAAA	BFGAAA	VVVVxx
+4291	4188	1	3	1	11	91	291	291	4291	4291	182	183	BJAAAA	CFGAAA	AAAAxx
+4036	4189	0	0	6	16	36	36	36	4036	4036	72	73	GZAAAA	DFGAAA	HHHHxx
+7473	4190	1	1	3	13	73	473	1473	2473	7473	146	147	LBAAAA	EFGAAA	OOOOxx
+4786	4191	0	2	6	6	86	786	786	4786	4786	172	173	CCAAAA	FFGAAA	VVVVxx
+2662	4192	0	2	2	2	62	662	662	2662	2662	124	125	KYAAAA	GFGAAA	AAAAxx
+916	4193	0	0	6	16	16	916	916	916	916	32	33	GJAAAA	HFGAAA	HHHHxx
+668	4194	0	0	8	8	68	668	668	668	668	136	137	SZAAAA	IFGAAA	OOOOxx
+4874	4195	0	2	4	14	74	874	874	4874	4874	148	149	MFAAAA	JFGAAA	VVVVxx
+3752	4196	0	0	2	12	52	752	1752	3752	3752	104	105	IOAAAA	KFGAAA	AAAAxx
+4865	4197	1	1	5	5	65	865	865	4865	4865	130	131	DFAAAA	LFGAAA	HHHHxx
+7052	4198	0	0	2	12	52	52	1052	2052	7052	104	105	GLAAAA	MFGAAA	OOOOxx
+5712	4199	0	0	2	12	12	712	1712	712	5712	24	25	SLAAAA	NFGAAA	VVVVxx
+31	4200	1	3	1	11	31	31	31	31	31	62	63	FBAAAA	OFGAAA	AAAAxx
+4944	4201	0	0	4	4	44	944	944	4944	4944	88	89	EIAAAA	PFGAAA	HHHHxx
+1435	4202	1	3	5	15	35	435	1435	1435	1435	70	71	FDAAAA	QFGAAA	OOOOxx
+501	4203	1	1	1	1	1	501	501	501	501	2	3	HTAAAA	RFGAAA	VVVVxx
+9401	4204	1	1	1	1	1	401	1401	4401	9401	2	3	PXAAAA	SFGAAA	AAAAxx
+5014	4205	0	2	4	14	14	14	1014	14	5014	28	29	WKAAAA	TFGAAA	HHHHxx
+9125	4206	1	1	5	5	25	125	1125	4125	9125	50	51	ZMAAAA	UFGAAA	OOOOxx
+6144	4207	0	0	4	4	44	144	144	1144	6144	88	89	ICAAAA	VFGAAA	VVVVxx
+1743	4208	1	3	3	3	43	743	1743	1743	1743	86	87	BPAAAA	WFGAAA	AAAAxx
+4316	4209	0	0	6	16	16	316	316	4316	4316	32	33	AKAAAA	XFGAAA	HHHHxx
+8212	4210	0	0	2	12	12	212	212	3212	8212	24	25	WDAAAA	YFGAAA	OOOOxx
+7344	4211	0	0	4	4	44	344	1344	2344	7344	88	89	MWAAAA	ZFGAAA	VVVVxx
+2051	4212	1	3	1	11	51	51	51	2051	2051	102	103	XAAAAA	AGGAAA	AAAAxx
+8131	4213	1	3	1	11	31	131	131	3131	8131	62	63	TAAAAA	BGGAAA	HHHHxx
+7023	4214	1	3	3	3	23	23	1023	2023	7023	46	47	DKAAAA	CGGAAA	OOOOxx
+9674	4215	0	2	4	14	74	674	1674	4674	9674	148	149	CIAAAA	DGGAAA	VVVVxx
+4984	4216	0	0	4	4	84	984	984	4984	4984	168	169	SJAAAA	EGGAAA	AAAAxx
+111	4217	1	3	1	11	11	111	111	111	111	22	23	HEAAAA	FGGAAA	HHHHxx
+2296	4218	0	0	6	16	96	296	296	2296	2296	192	193	IKAAAA	GGGAAA	OOOOxx
+5025	4219	1	1	5	5	25	25	1025	25	5025	50	51	HLAAAA	HGGAAA	VVVVxx
+1756	4220	0	0	6	16	56	756	1756	1756	1756	112	113	OPAAAA	IGGAAA	AAAAxx
+2885	4221	1	1	5	5	85	885	885	2885	2885	170	171	ZGAAAA	JGGAAA	HHHHxx
+2541	4222	1	1	1	1	41	541	541	2541	2541	82	83	TTAAAA	KGGAAA	OOOOxx
+1919	4223	1	3	9	19	19	919	1919	1919	1919	38	39	VVAAAA	LGGAAA	VVVVxx
+6496	4224	0	0	6	16	96	496	496	1496	6496	192	193	WPAAAA	MGGAAA	AAAAxx
+6103	4225	1	3	3	3	3	103	103	1103	6103	6	7	TAAAAA	NGGAAA	HHHHxx
+98	4226	0	2	8	18	98	98	98	98	98	196	197	UDAAAA	OGGAAA	OOOOxx
+3727	4227	1	3	7	7	27	727	1727	3727	3727	54	55	JNAAAA	PGGAAA	VVVVxx
+689	4228	1	1	9	9	89	689	689	689	689	178	179	NAAAAA	QGGAAA	AAAAxx
+7181	4229	1	1	1	1	81	181	1181	2181	7181	162	163	FQAAAA	RGGAAA	HHHHxx
+8447	4230	1	3	7	7	47	447	447	3447	8447	94	95	XMAAAA	SGGAAA	OOOOxx
+4569	4231	1	1	9	9	69	569	569	4569	4569	138	139	TTAAAA	TGGAAA	VVVVxx
+8844	4232	0	0	4	4	44	844	844	3844	8844	88	89	ECAAAA	UGGAAA	AAAAxx
+2436	4233	0	0	6	16	36	436	436	2436	2436	72	73	SPAAAA	VGGAAA	HHHHxx
+391	4234	1	3	1	11	91	391	391	391	391	182	183	BPAAAA	WGGAAA	OOOOxx
+3035	4235	1	3	5	15	35	35	1035	3035	3035	70	71	TMAAAA	XGGAAA	VVVVxx
+7583	4236	1	3	3	3	83	583	1583	2583	7583	166	167	RFAAAA	YGGAAA	AAAAxx
+1145	4237	1	1	5	5	45	145	1145	1145	1145	90	91	BSAAAA	ZGGAAA	HHHHxx
+93	4238	1	1	3	13	93	93	93	93	93	186	187	PDAAAA	AHGAAA	OOOOxx
+8896	4239	0	0	6	16	96	896	896	3896	8896	192	193	EEAAAA	BHGAAA	VVVVxx
+6719	4240	1	3	9	19	19	719	719	1719	6719	38	39	LYAAAA	CHGAAA	AAAAxx
+7728	4241	0	0	8	8	28	728	1728	2728	7728	56	57	GLAAAA	DHGAAA	HHHHxx
+1349	4242	1	1	9	9	49	349	1349	1349	1349	98	99	XZAAAA	EHGAAA	OOOOxx
+5349	4243	1	1	9	9	49	349	1349	349	5349	98	99	TXAAAA	FHGAAA	VVVVxx
+3040	4244	0	0	0	0	40	40	1040	3040	3040	80	81	YMAAAA	GHGAAA	AAAAxx
+2414	4245	0	2	4	14	14	414	414	2414	2414	28	29	WOAAAA	HHGAAA	HHHHxx
+5122	4246	0	2	2	2	22	122	1122	122	5122	44	45	APAAAA	IHGAAA	OOOOxx
+9553	4247	1	1	3	13	53	553	1553	4553	9553	106	107	LDAAAA	JHGAAA	VVVVxx
+5987	4248	1	3	7	7	87	987	1987	987	5987	174	175	HWAAAA	KHGAAA	AAAAxx
+5939	4249	1	3	9	19	39	939	1939	939	5939	78	79	LUAAAA	LHGAAA	HHHHxx
+3525	4250	1	1	5	5	25	525	1525	3525	3525	50	51	PFAAAA	MHGAAA	OOOOxx
+1371	4251	1	3	1	11	71	371	1371	1371	1371	142	143	TAAAAA	NHGAAA	VVVVxx
+618	4252	0	2	8	18	18	618	618	618	618	36	37	UXAAAA	OHGAAA	AAAAxx
+6529	4253	1	1	9	9	29	529	529	1529	6529	58	59	DRAAAA	PHGAAA	HHHHxx
+4010	4254	0	2	0	10	10	10	10	4010	4010	20	21	GYAAAA	QHGAAA	OOOOxx
+328	4255	0	0	8	8	28	328	328	328	328	56	57	QMAAAA	RHGAAA	VVVVxx
+6121	4256	1	1	1	1	21	121	121	1121	6121	42	43	LBAAAA	SHGAAA	AAAAxx
+3505	4257	1	1	5	5	5	505	1505	3505	3505	10	11	VEAAAA	THGAAA	HHHHxx
+2033	4258	1	1	3	13	33	33	33	2033	2033	66	67	FAAAAA	UHGAAA	OOOOxx
+4724	4259	0	0	4	4	24	724	724	4724	4724	48	49	SZAAAA	VHGAAA	VVVVxx
+8717	4260	1	1	7	17	17	717	717	3717	8717	34	35	HXAAAA	WHGAAA	AAAAxx
+5639	4261	1	3	9	19	39	639	1639	639	5639	78	79	XIAAAA	XHGAAA	HHHHxx
+3448	4262	0	0	8	8	48	448	1448	3448	3448	96	97	QCAAAA	YHGAAA	OOOOxx
+2919	4263	1	3	9	19	19	919	919	2919	2919	38	39	HIAAAA	ZHGAAA	VVVVxx
+3417	4264	1	1	7	17	17	417	1417	3417	3417	34	35	LBAAAA	AIGAAA	AAAAxx
+943	4265	1	3	3	3	43	943	943	943	943	86	87	HKAAAA	BIGAAA	HHHHxx
+775	4266	1	3	5	15	75	775	775	775	775	150	151	VDAAAA	CIGAAA	OOOOxx
+2333	4267	1	1	3	13	33	333	333	2333	2333	66	67	TLAAAA	DIGAAA	VVVVxx
+4801	4268	1	1	1	1	1	801	801	4801	4801	2	3	RCAAAA	EIGAAA	AAAAxx
+7169	4269	1	1	9	9	69	169	1169	2169	7169	138	139	TPAAAA	FIGAAA	HHHHxx
+2840	4270	0	0	0	0	40	840	840	2840	2840	80	81	GFAAAA	GIGAAA	OOOOxx
+9034	4271	0	2	4	14	34	34	1034	4034	9034	68	69	MJAAAA	HIGAAA	VVVVxx
+6154	4272	0	2	4	14	54	154	154	1154	6154	108	109	SCAAAA	IIGAAA	AAAAxx
+1412	4273	0	0	2	12	12	412	1412	1412	1412	24	25	ICAAAA	JIGAAA	HHHHxx
+2263	4274	1	3	3	3	63	263	263	2263	2263	126	127	BJAAAA	KIGAAA	OOOOxx
+7118	4275	0	2	8	18	18	118	1118	2118	7118	36	37	UNAAAA	LIGAAA	VVVVxx
+1526	4276	0	2	6	6	26	526	1526	1526	1526	52	53	SGAAAA	MIGAAA	AAAAxx
+491	4277	1	3	1	11	91	491	491	491	491	182	183	XSAAAA	NIGAAA	HHHHxx
+9732	4278	0	0	2	12	32	732	1732	4732	9732	64	65	IKAAAA	OIGAAA	OOOOxx
+7067	4279	1	3	7	7	67	67	1067	2067	7067	134	135	VLAAAA	PIGAAA	VVVVxx
+212	4280	0	0	2	12	12	212	212	212	212	24	25	EIAAAA	QIGAAA	AAAAxx
+1955	4281	1	3	5	15	55	955	1955	1955	1955	110	111	FXAAAA	RIGAAA	HHHHxx
+3303	4282	1	3	3	3	3	303	1303	3303	3303	6	7	BXAAAA	SIGAAA	OOOOxx
+2715	4283	1	3	5	15	15	715	715	2715	2715	30	31	LAAAAA	TIGAAA	VVVVxx
+8168	4284	0	0	8	8	68	168	168	3168	8168	136	137	ECAAAA	UIGAAA	AAAAxx
+6799	4285	1	3	9	19	99	799	799	1799	6799	198	199	NBAAAA	VIGAAA	HHHHxx
+5080	4286	0	0	0	0	80	80	1080	80	5080	160	161	KNAAAA	WIGAAA	OOOOxx
+4939	4287	1	3	9	19	39	939	939	4939	4939	78	79	ZHAAAA	XIGAAA	VVVVxx
+6604	4288	0	0	4	4	4	604	604	1604	6604	8	9	AUAAAA	YIGAAA	AAAAxx
+6531	4289	1	3	1	11	31	531	531	1531	6531	62	63	FRAAAA	ZIGAAA	HHHHxx
+9948	4290	0	0	8	8	48	948	1948	4948	9948	96	97	QSAAAA	AJGAAA	OOOOxx
+7923	4291	1	3	3	3	23	923	1923	2923	7923	46	47	TSAAAA	BJGAAA	VVVVxx
+9905	4292	1	1	5	5	5	905	1905	4905	9905	10	11	ZQAAAA	CJGAAA	AAAAxx
+340	4293	0	0	0	0	40	340	340	340	340	80	81	CNAAAA	DJGAAA	HHHHxx
+1721	4294	1	1	1	1	21	721	1721	1721	1721	42	43	FOAAAA	EJGAAA	OOOOxx
+9047	4295	1	3	7	7	47	47	1047	4047	9047	94	95	ZJAAAA	FJGAAA	VVVVxx
+4723	4296	1	3	3	3	23	723	723	4723	4723	46	47	RZAAAA	GJGAAA	AAAAxx
+5748	4297	0	0	8	8	48	748	1748	748	5748	96	97	CNAAAA	HJGAAA	HHHHxx
+6845	4298	1	1	5	5	45	845	845	1845	6845	90	91	HDAAAA	IJGAAA	OOOOxx
+1556	4299	0	0	6	16	56	556	1556	1556	1556	112	113	WHAAAA	JJGAAA	VVVVxx
+9505	4300	1	1	5	5	5	505	1505	4505	9505	10	11	PBAAAA	KJGAAA	AAAAxx
+3573	4301	1	1	3	13	73	573	1573	3573	3573	146	147	LHAAAA	LJGAAA	HHHHxx
+3785	4302	1	1	5	5	85	785	1785	3785	3785	170	171	PPAAAA	MJGAAA	OOOOxx
+2772	4303	0	0	2	12	72	772	772	2772	2772	144	145	QCAAAA	NJGAAA	VVVVxx
+7282	4304	0	2	2	2	82	282	1282	2282	7282	164	165	CUAAAA	OJGAAA	AAAAxx
+8106	4305	0	2	6	6	6	106	106	3106	8106	12	13	UZAAAA	PJGAAA	HHHHxx
+2847	4306	1	3	7	7	47	847	847	2847	2847	94	95	NFAAAA	QJGAAA	OOOOxx
+9803	4307	1	3	3	3	3	803	1803	4803	9803	6	7	BNAAAA	RJGAAA	VVVVxx
+7719	4308	1	3	9	19	19	719	1719	2719	7719	38	39	XKAAAA	SJGAAA	AAAAxx
+4649	4309	1	1	9	9	49	649	649	4649	4649	98	99	VWAAAA	TJGAAA	HHHHxx
+6196	4310	0	0	6	16	96	196	196	1196	6196	192	193	IEAAAA	UJGAAA	OOOOxx
+6026	4311	0	2	6	6	26	26	26	1026	6026	52	53	UXAAAA	VJGAAA	VVVVxx
+1646	4312	0	2	6	6	46	646	1646	1646	1646	92	93	ILAAAA	WJGAAA	AAAAxx
+6526	4313	0	2	6	6	26	526	526	1526	6526	52	53	ARAAAA	XJGAAA	HHHHxx
+5110	4314	0	2	0	10	10	110	1110	110	5110	20	21	OOAAAA	YJGAAA	OOOOxx
+3946	4315	0	2	6	6	46	946	1946	3946	3946	92	93	UVAAAA	ZJGAAA	VVVVxx
+445	4316	1	1	5	5	45	445	445	445	445	90	91	DRAAAA	AKGAAA	AAAAxx
+3249	4317	1	1	9	9	49	249	1249	3249	3249	98	99	ZUAAAA	BKGAAA	HHHHxx
+2501	4318	1	1	1	1	1	501	501	2501	2501	2	3	FSAAAA	CKGAAA	OOOOxx
+3243	4319	1	3	3	3	43	243	1243	3243	3243	86	87	TUAAAA	DKGAAA	VVVVxx
+4701	4320	1	1	1	1	1	701	701	4701	4701	2	3	VYAAAA	EKGAAA	AAAAxx
+472	4321	0	0	2	12	72	472	472	472	472	144	145	ESAAAA	FKGAAA	HHHHxx
+3356	4322	0	0	6	16	56	356	1356	3356	3356	112	113	CZAAAA	GKGAAA	OOOOxx
+9967	4323	1	3	7	7	67	967	1967	4967	9967	134	135	JTAAAA	HKGAAA	VVVVxx
+4292	4324	0	0	2	12	92	292	292	4292	4292	184	185	CJAAAA	IKGAAA	AAAAxx
+7005	4325	1	1	5	5	5	5	1005	2005	7005	10	11	LJAAAA	JKGAAA	HHHHxx
+6267	4326	1	3	7	7	67	267	267	1267	6267	134	135	BHAAAA	KKGAAA	OOOOxx
+6678	4327	0	2	8	18	78	678	678	1678	6678	156	157	WWAAAA	LKGAAA	VVVVxx
+6083	4328	1	3	3	3	83	83	83	1083	6083	166	167	ZZAAAA	MKGAAA	AAAAxx
+760	4329	0	0	0	0	60	760	760	760	760	120	121	GDAAAA	NKGAAA	HHHHxx
+7833	4330	1	1	3	13	33	833	1833	2833	7833	66	67	HPAAAA	OKGAAA	OOOOxx
+2877	4331	1	1	7	17	77	877	877	2877	2877	154	155	RGAAAA	PKGAAA	VVVVxx
+8810	4332	0	2	0	10	10	810	810	3810	8810	20	21	WAAAAA	QKGAAA	AAAAxx
+1560	4333	0	0	0	0	60	560	1560	1560	1560	120	121	AIAAAA	RKGAAA	HHHHxx
+1367	4334	1	3	7	7	67	367	1367	1367	1367	134	135	PAAAAA	SKGAAA	OOOOxx
+8756	4335	0	0	6	16	56	756	756	3756	8756	112	113	UYAAAA	TKGAAA	VVVVxx
+1346	4336	0	2	6	6	46	346	1346	1346	1346	92	93	UZAAAA	UKGAAA	AAAAxx
+6449	4337	1	1	9	9	49	449	449	1449	6449	98	99	BOAAAA	VKGAAA	HHHHxx
+6658	4338	0	2	8	18	58	658	658	1658	6658	116	117	CWAAAA	WKGAAA	OOOOxx
+6745	4339	1	1	5	5	45	745	745	1745	6745	90	91	LZAAAA	XKGAAA	VVVVxx
+4866	4340	0	2	6	6	66	866	866	4866	4866	132	133	EFAAAA	YKGAAA	AAAAxx
+14	4341	0	2	4	14	14	14	14	14	14	28	29	OAAAAA	ZKGAAA	HHHHxx
+4506	4342	0	2	6	6	6	506	506	4506	4506	12	13	IRAAAA	ALGAAA	OOOOxx
+1923	4343	1	3	3	3	23	923	1923	1923	1923	46	47	ZVAAAA	BLGAAA	VVVVxx
+8365	4344	1	1	5	5	65	365	365	3365	8365	130	131	TJAAAA	CLGAAA	AAAAxx
+1279	4345	1	3	9	19	79	279	1279	1279	1279	158	159	FXAAAA	DLGAAA	HHHHxx
+7666	4346	0	2	6	6	66	666	1666	2666	7666	132	133	WIAAAA	ELGAAA	OOOOxx
+7404	4347	0	0	4	4	4	404	1404	2404	7404	8	9	UYAAAA	FLGAAA	VVVVxx
+65	4348	1	1	5	5	65	65	65	65	65	130	131	NCAAAA	GLGAAA	AAAAxx
+5820	4349	0	0	0	0	20	820	1820	820	5820	40	41	WPAAAA	HLGAAA	HHHHxx
+459	4350	1	3	9	19	59	459	459	459	459	118	119	RRAAAA	ILGAAA	OOOOxx
+4787	4351	1	3	7	7	87	787	787	4787	4787	174	175	DCAAAA	JLGAAA	VVVVxx
+5631	4352	1	3	1	11	31	631	1631	631	5631	62	63	PIAAAA	KLGAAA	AAAAxx
+9717	4353	1	1	7	17	17	717	1717	4717	9717	34	35	TJAAAA	LLGAAA	HHHHxx
+2560	4354	0	0	0	0	60	560	560	2560	2560	120	121	MUAAAA	MLGAAA	OOOOxx
+8295	4355	1	3	5	15	95	295	295	3295	8295	190	191	BHAAAA	NLGAAA	VVVVxx
+3596	4356	0	0	6	16	96	596	1596	3596	3596	192	193	IIAAAA	OLGAAA	AAAAxx
+2023	4357	1	3	3	3	23	23	23	2023	2023	46	47	VZAAAA	PLGAAA	HHHHxx
+5055	4358	1	3	5	15	55	55	1055	55	5055	110	111	LMAAAA	QLGAAA	OOOOxx
+763	4359	1	3	3	3	63	763	763	763	763	126	127	JDAAAA	RLGAAA	VVVVxx
+6733	4360	1	1	3	13	33	733	733	1733	6733	66	67	ZYAAAA	SLGAAA	AAAAxx
+9266	4361	0	2	6	6	66	266	1266	4266	9266	132	133	KSAAAA	TLGAAA	HHHHxx
+4479	4362	1	3	9	19	79	479	479	4479	4479	158	159	HQAAAA	ULGAAA	OOOOxx
+1816	4363	0	0	6	16	16	816	1816	1816	1816	32	33	WRAAAA	VLGAAA	VVVVxx
+899	4364	1	3	9	19	99	899	899	899	899	198	199	PIAAAA	WLGAAA	AAAAxx
+230	4365	0	2	0	10	30	230	230	230	230	60	61	WIAAAA	XLGAAA	HHHHxx
+5362	4366	0	2	2	2	62	362	1362	362	5362	124	125	GYAAAA	YLGAAA	OOOOxx
+1609	4367	1	1	9	9	9	609	1609	1609	1609	18	19	XJAAAA	ZLGAAA	VVVVxx
+6750	4368	0	2	0	10	50	750	750	1750	6750	100	101	QZAAAA	AMGAAA	AAAAxx
+9704	4369	0	0	4	4	4	704	1704	4704	9704	8	9	GJAAAA	BMGAAA	HHHHxx
+3991	4370	1	3	1	11	91	991	1991	3991	3991	182	183	NXAAAA	CMGAAA	OOOOxx
+3959	4371	1	3	9	19	59	959	1959	3959	3959	118	119	HWAAAA	DMGAAA	VVVVxx
+9021	4372	1	1	1	1	21	21	1021	4021	9021	42	43	ZIAAAA	EMGAAA	AAAAxx
+7585	4373	1	1	5	5	85	585	1585	2585	7585	170	171	TFAAAA	FMGAAA	HHHHxx
+7083	4374	1	3	3	3	83	83	1083	2083	7083	166	167	LMAAAA	GMGAAA	OOOOxx
+7688	4375	0	0	8	8	88	688	1688	2688	7688	176	177	SJAAAA	HMGAAA	VVVVxx
+2673	4376	1	1	3	13	73	673	673	2673	2673	146	147	VYAAAA	IMGAAA	AAAAxx
+3554	4377	0	2	4	14	54	554	1554	3554	3554	108	109	SGAAAA	JMGAAA	HHHHxx
+7416	4378	0	0	6	16	16	416	1416	2416	7416	32	33	GZAAAA	KMGAAA	OOOOxx
+5672	4379	0	0	2	12	72	672	1672	672	5672	144	145	EKAAAA	LMGAAA	VVVVxx
+1355	4380	1	3	5	15	55	355	1355	1355	1355	110	111	DAAAAA	MMGAAA	AAAAxx
+3149	4381	1	1	9	9	49	149	1149	3149	3149	98	99	DRAAAA	NMGAAA	HHHHxx
+5811	4382	1	3	1	11	11	811	1811	811	5811	22	23	NPAAAA	OMGAAA	OOOOxx
+3759	4383	1	3	9	19	59	759	1759	3759	3759	118	119	POAAAA	PMGAAA	VVVVxx
+5634	4384	0	2	4	14	34	634	1634	634	5634	68	69	SIAAAA	QMGAAA	AAAAxx
+8617	4385	1	1	7	17	17	617	617	3617	8617	34	35	LTAAAA	RMGAAA	HHHHxx
+8949	4386	1	1	9	9	49	949	949	3949	8949	98	99	FGAAAA	SMGAAA	OOOOxx
+3964	4387	0	0	4	4	64	964	1964	3964	3964	128	129	MWAAAA	TMGAAA	VVVVxx
+3852	4388	0	0	2	12	52	852	1852	3852	3852	104	105	ESAAAA	UMGAAA	AAAAxx
+1555	4389	1	3	5	15	55	555	1555	1555	1555	110	111	VHAAAA	VMGAAA	HHHHxx
+6536	4390	0	0	6	16	36	536	536	1536	6536	72	73	KRAAAA	WMGAAA	OOOOxx
+4779	4391	1	3	9	19	79	779	779	4779	4779	158	159	VBAAAA	XMGAAA	VVVVxx
+1893	4392	1	1	3	13	93	893	1893	1893	1893	186	187	VUAAAA	YMGAAA	AAAAxx
+9358	4393	0	2	8	18	58	358	1358	4358	9358	116	117	YVAAAA	ZMGAAA	HHHHxx
+7438	4394	0	2	8	18	38	438	1438	2438	7438	76	77	CAAAAA	ANGAAA	OOOOxx
+941	4395	1	1	1	1	41	941	941	941	941	82	83	FKAAAA	BNGAAA	VVVVxx
+4844	4396	0	0	4	4	44	844	844	4844	4844	88	89	IEAAAA	CNGAAA	AAAAxx
+4745	4397	1	1	5	5	45	745	745	4745	4745	90	91	NAAAAA	DNGAAA	HHHHxx
+1017	4398	1	1	7	17	17	17	1017	1017	1017	34	35	DNAAAA	ENGAAA	OOOOxx
+327	4399	1	3	7	7	27	327	327	327	327	54	55	PMAAAA	FNGAAA	VVVVxx
+3152	4400	0	0	2	12	52	152	1152	3152	3152	104	105	GRAAAA	GNGAAA	AAAAxx
+4711	4401	1	3	1	11	11	711	711	4711	4711	22	23	FZAAAA	HNGAAA	HHHHxx
+141	4402	1	1	1	1	41	141	141	141	141	82	83	LFAAAA	INGAAA	OOOOxx
+1303	4403	1	3	3	3	3	303	1303	1303	1303	6	7	DYAAAA	JNGAAA	VVVVxx
+8873	4404	1	1	3	13	73	873	873	3873	8873	146	147	HDAAAA	KNGAAA	AAAAxx
+8481	4405	1	1	1	1	81	481	481	3481	8481	162	163	FOAAAA	LNGAAA	HHHHxx
+5445	4406	1	1	5	5	45	445	1445	445	5445	90	91	LBAAAA	MNGAAA	OOOOxx
+7868	4407	0	0	8	8	68	868	1868	2868	7868	136	137	QQAAAA	NNGAAA	VVVVxx
+6722	4408	0	2	2	2	22	722	722	1722	6722	44	45	OYAAAA	ONGAAA	AAAAxx
+6628	4409	0	0	8	8	28	628	628	1628	6628	56	57	YUAAAA	PNGAAA	HHHHxx
+7738	4410	0	2	8	18	38	738	1738	2738	7738	76	77	QLAAAA	QNGAAA	OOOOxx
+1018	4411	0	2	8	18	18	18	1018	1018	1018	36	37	ENAAAA	RNGAAA	VVVVxx
+3296	4412	0	0	6	16	96	296	1296	3296	3296	192	193	UWAAAA	SNGAAA	AAAAxx
+1946	4413	0	2	6	6	46	946	1946	1946	1946	92	93	WWAAAA	TNGAAA	HHHHxx
+6603	4414	1	3	3	3	3	603	603	1603	6603	6	7	ZTAAAA	UNGAAA	OOOOxx
+3562	4415	0	2	2	2	62	562	1562	3562	3562	124	125	AHAAAA	VNGAAA	VVVVxx
+1147	4416	1	3	7	7	47	147	1147	1147	1147	94	95	DSAAAA	WNGAAA	AAAAxx
+6031	4417	1	3	1	11	31	31	31	1031	6031	62	63	ZXAAAA	XNGAAA	HHHHxx
+6484	4418	0	0	4	4	84	484	484	1484	6484	168	169	KPAAAA	YNGAAA	OOOOxx
+496	4419	0	0	6	16	96	496	496	496	496	192	193	CTAAAA	ZNGAAA	VVVVxx
+4563	4420	1	3	3	3	63	563	563	4563	4563	126	127	NTAAAA	AOGAAA	AAAAxx
+1037	4421	1	1	7	17	37	37	1037	1037	1037	74	75	XNAAAA	BOGAAA	HHHHxx
+9672	4422	0	0	2	12	72	672	1672	4672	9672	144	145	AIAAAA	COGAAA	OOOOxx
+9053	4423	1	1	3	13	53	53	1053	4053	9053	106	107	FKAAAA	DOGAAA	VVVVxx
+2523	4424	1	3	3	3	23	523	523	2523	2523	46	47	BTAAAA	EOGAAA	AAAAxx
+8519	4425	1	3	9	19	19	519	519	3519	8519	38	39	RPAAAA	FOGAAA	HHHHxx
+8190	4426	0	2	0	10	90	190	190	3190	8190	180	181	ADAAAA	GOGAAA	OOOOxx
+2068	4427	0	0	8	8	68	68	68	2068	2068	136	137	OBAAAA	HOGAAA	VVVVxx
+8569	4428	1	1	9	9	69	569	569	3569	8569	138	139	PRAAAA	IOGAAA	AAAAxx
+6535	4429	1	3	5	15	35	535	535	1535	6535	70	71	JRAAAA	JOGAAA	HHHHxx
+1810	4430	0	2	0	10	10	810	1810	1810	1810	20	21	QRAAAA	KOGAAA	OOOOxx
+3099	4431	1	3	9	19	99	99	1099	3099	3099	198	199	FPAAAA	LOGAAA	VVVVxx
+7466	4432	0	2	6	6	66	466	1466	2466	7466	132	133	EBAAAA	MOGAAA	AAAAxx
+4017	4433	1	1	7	17	17	17	17	4017	4017	34	35	NYAAAA	NOGAAA	HHHHxx
+1097	4434	1	1	7	17	97	97	1097	1097	1097	194	195	FQAAAA	OOGAAA	OOOOxx
+7686	4435	0	2	6	6	86	686	1686	2686	7686	172	173	QJAAAA	POGAAA	VVVVxx
+6742	4436	0	2	2	2	42	742	742	1742	6742	84	85	IZAAAA	QOGAAA	AAAAxx
+5966	4437	0	2	6	6	66	966	1966	966	5966	132	133	MVAAAA	ROGAAA	HHHHxx
+3632	4438	0	0	2	12	32	632	1632	3632	3632	64	65	SJAAAA	SOGAAA	OOOOxx
+8837	4439	1	1	7	17	37	837	837	3837	8837	74	75	XBAAAA	TOGAAA	VVVVxx
+1667	4440	1	3	7	7	67	667	1667	1667	1667	134	135	DMAAAA	UOGAAA	AAAAxx
+8833	4441	1	1	3	13	33	833	833	3833	8833	66	67	TBAAAA	VOGAAA	HHHHxx
+9805	4442	1	1	5	5	5	805	1805	4805	9805	10	11	DNAAAA	WOGAAA	OOOOxx
+3650	4443	0	2	0	10	50	650	1650	3650	3650	100	101	KKAAAA	XOGAAA	VVVVxx
+2237	4444	1	1	7	17	37	237	237	2237	2237	74	75	BIAAAA	YOGAAA	AAAAxx
+9980	4445	0	0	0	0	80	980	1980	4980	9980	160	161	WTAAAA	ZOGAAA	HHHHxx
+2861	4446	1	1	1	1	61	861	861	2861	2861	122	123	BGAAAA	APGAAA	OOOOxx
+1334	4447	0	2	4	14	34	334	1334	1334	1334	68	69	IZAAAA	BPGAAA	VVVVxx
+842	4448	0	2	2	2	42	842	842	842	842	84	85	KGAAAA	CPGAAA	AAAAxx
+1116	4449	0	0	6	16	16	116	1116	1116	1116	32	33	YQAAAA	DPGAAA	HHHHxx
+4055	4450	1	3	5	15	55	55	55	4055	4055	110	111	ZZAAAA	EPGAAA	OOOOxx
+3842	4451	0	2	2	2	42	842	1842	3842	3842	84	85	URAAAA	FPGAAA	VVVVxx
+1886	4452	0	2	6	6	86	886	1886	1886	1886	172	173	OUAAAA	GPGAAA	AAAAxx
+8589	4453	1	1	9	9	89	589	589	3589	8589	178	179	JSAAAA	HPGAAA	HHHHxx
+5873	4454	1	1	3	13	73	873	1873	873	5873	146	147	XRAAAA	IPGAAA	OOOOxx
+7711	4455	1	3	1	11	11	711	1711	2711	7711	22	23	PKAAAA	JPGAAA	VVVVxx
+911	4456	1	3	1	11	11	911	911	911	911	22	23	BJAAAA	KPGAAA	AAAAxx
+5837	4457	1	1	7	17	37	837	1837	837	5837	74	75	NQAAAA	LPGAAA	HHHHxx
+897	4458	1	1	7	17	97	897	897	897	897	194	195	NIAAAA	MPGAAA	OOOOxx
+4299	4459	1	3	9	19	99	299	299	4299	4299	198	199	JJAAAA	NPGAAA	VVVVxx
+7774	4460	0	2	4	14	74	774	1774	2774	7774	148	149	ANAAAA	OPGAAA	AAAAxx
+7832	4461	0	0	2	12	32	832	1832	2832	7832	64	65	GPAAAA	PPGAAA	HHHHxx
+9915	4462	1	3	5	15	15	915	1915	4915	9915	30	31	JRAAAA	QPGAAA	OOOOxx
+9	4463	1	1	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	18	19	JAAAAA	RPGAAA	VVVVxx
+9675	4464	1	3	5	15	75	675	1675	4675	9675	150	151	DIAAAA	SPGAAA	AAAAxx
+7953	4465	1	1	3	13	53	953	1953	2953	7953	106	107	XTAAAA	TPGAAA	HHHHxx
+8912	4466	0	0	2	12	12	912	912	3912	8912	24	25	UEAAAA	UPGAAA	OOOOxx
+4188	4467	0	0	8	8	88	188	188	4188	4188	176	177	CFAAAA	VPGAAA	VVVVxx
+8446	4468	0	2	6	6	46	446	446	3446	8446	92	93	WMAAAA	WPGAAA	AAAAxx
+1600	4469	0	0	0	0	0	600	1600	1600	1600	0	1	OJAAAA	XPGAAA	HHHHxx
+43	4470	1	3	3	3	43	43	43	43	43	86	87	RBAAAA	YPGAAA	OOOOxx
+544	4471	0	0	4	4	44	544	544	544	544	88	89	YUAAAA	ZPGAAA	VVVVxx
+6977	4472	1	1	7	17	77	977	977	1977	6977	154	155	JIAAAA	AQGAAA	AAAAxx
+3191	4473	1	3	1	11	91	191	1191	3191	3191	182	183	TSAAAA	BQGAAA	HHHHxx
+418	4474	0	2	8	18	18	418	418	418	418	36	37	CQAAAA	CQGAAA	OOOOxx
+3142	4475	0	2	2	2	42	142	1142	3142	3142	84	85	WQAAAA	DQGAAA	VVVVxx
+5042	4476	0	2	2	2	42	42	1042	42	5042	84	85	YLAAAA	EQGAAA	AAAAxx
+2194	4477	0	2	4	14	94	194	194	2194	2194	188	189	KGAAAA	FQGAAA	HHHHxx
+2397	4478	1	1	7	17	97	397	397	2397	2397	194	195	FOAAAA	GQGAAA	OOOOxx
+4684	4479	0	0	4	4	84	684	684	4684	4684	168	169	EYAAAA	HQGAAA	VVVVxx
+34	4480	0	2	4	14	34	34	34	34	34	68	69	IBAAAA	IQGAAA	AAAAxx
+3844	4481	0	0	4	4	44	844	1844	3844	3844	88	89	WRAAAA	JQGAAA	HHHHxx
+7824	4482	0	0	4	4	24	824	1824	2824	7824	48	49	YOAAAA	KQGAAA	OOOOxx
+6177	4483	1	1	7	17	77	177	177	1177	6177	154	155	PDAAAA	LQGAAA	VVVVxx
+9657	4484	1	1	7	17	57	657	1657	4657	9657	114	115	LHAAAA	MQGAAA	AAAAxx
+4546	4485	0	2	6	6	46	546	546	4546	4546	92	93	WSAAAA	NQGAAA	HHHHxx
+599	4486	1	3	9	19	99	599	599	599	599	198	199	BXAAAA	OQGAAA	OOOOxx
+153	4487	1	1	3	13	53	153	153	153	153	106	107	XFAAAA	PQGAAA	VVVVxx
+6910	4488	0	2	0	10	10	910	910	1910	6910	20	21	UFAAAA	QQGAAA	AAAAxx
+4408	4489	0	0	8	8	8	408	408	4408	4408	16	17	ONAAAA	RQGAAA	HHHHxx
+1164	4490	0	0	4	4	64	164	1164	1164	1164	128	129	USAAAA	SQGAAA	OOOOxx
+6469	4491	1	1	9	9	69	469	469	1469	6469	138	139	VOAAAA	TQGAAA	VVVVxx
+5996	4492	0	0	6	16	96	996	1996	996	5996	192	193	QWAAAA	UQGAAA	AAAAxx
+2639	4493	1	3	9	19	39	639	639	2639	2639	78	79	NXAAAA	VQGAAA	HHHHxx
+2678	4494	0	2	8	18	78	678	678	2678	2678	156	157	AZAAAA	WQGAAA	OOOOxx
+8392	4495	0	0	2	12	92	392	392	3392	8392	184	185	UKAAAA	XQGAAA	VVVVxx
+1386	4496	0	2	6	6	86	386	1386	1386	1386	172	173	IBAAAA	YQGAAA	AAAAxx
+5125	4497	1	1	5	5	25	125	1125	125	5125	50	51	DPAAAA	ZQGAAA	HHHHxx
+8453	4498	1	1	3	13	53	453	453	3453	8453	106	107	DNAAAA	ARGAAA	OOOOxx
+2369	4499	1	1	9	9	69	369	369	2369	2369	138	139	DNAAAA	BRGAAA	VVVVxx
+1608	4500	0	0	8	8	8	608	1608	1608	1608	16	17	WJAAAA	CRGAAA	AAAAxx
+3781	4501	1	1	1	1	81	781	1781	3781	3781	162	163	LPAAAA	DRGAAA	HHHHxx
+903	4502	1	3	3	3	3	903	903	903	903	6	7	TIAAAA	ERGAAA	OOOOxx
+2099	4503	1	3	9	19	99	99	99	2099	2099	198	199	TCAAAA	FRGAAA	VVVVxx
+538	4504	0	2	8	18	38	538	538	538	538	76	77	SUAAAA	GRGAAA	AAAAxx
+9177	4505	1	1	7	17	77	177	1177	4177	9177	154	155	ZOAAAA	HRGAAA	HHHHxx
+420	4506	0	0	0	0	20	420	420	420	420	40	41	EQAAAA	IRGAAA	OOOOxx
+9080	4507	0	0	0	0	80	80	1080	4080	9080	160	161	GLAAAA	JRGAAA	VVVVxx
+2630	4508	0	2	0	10	30	630	630	2630	2630	60	61	EXAAAA	KRGAAA	AAAAxx
+5978	4509	0	2	8	18	78	978	1978	978	5978	156	157	YVAAAA	LRGAAA	HHHHxx
+9239	4510	1	3	9	19	39	239	1239	4239	9239	78	79	JRAAAA	MRGAAA	OOOOxx
+4372	4511	0	0	2	12	72	372	372	4372	4372	144	145	EMAAAA	NRGAAA	VVVVxx
+4357	4512	1	1	7	17	57	357	357	4357	4357	114	115	PLAAAA	ORGAAA	AAAAxx
+9857	4513	1	1	7	17	57	857	1857	4857	9857	114	115	DPAAAA	PRGAAA	HHHHxx
+7933	4514	1	1	3	13	33	933	1933	2933	7933	66	67	DTAAAA	QRGAAA	OOOOxx
+9574	4515	0	2	4	14	74	574	1574	4574	9574	148	149	GEAAAA	RRGAAA	VVVVxx
+8294	4516	0	2	4	14	94	294	294	3294	8294	188	189	AHAAAA	SRGAAA	AAAAxx
+627	4517	1	3	7	7	27	627	627	627	627	54	55	DYAAAA	TRGAAA	HHHHxx
+3229	4518	1	1	9	9	29	229	1229	3229	3229	58	59	FUAAAA	URGAAA	OOOOxx
+3163	4519	1	3	3	3	63	163	1163	3163	3163	126	127	RRAAAA	VRGAAA	VVVVxx
+7349	4520	1	1	9	9	49	349	1349	2349	7349	98	99	RWAAAA	WRGAAA	AAAAxx
+6889	4521	1	1	9	9	89	889	889	1889	6889	178	179	ZEAAAA	XRGAAA	HHHHxx
+2101	4522	1	1	1	1	1	101	101	2101	2101	2	3	VCAAAA	YRGAAA	OOOOxx
+6476	4523	0	0	6	16	76	476	476	1476	6476	152	153	CPAAAA	ZRGAAA	VVVVxx
+6765	4524	1	1	5	5	65	765	765	1765	6765	130	131	FAAAAA	ASGAAA	AAAAxx
+4204	4525	0	0	4	4	4	204	204	4204	4204	8	9	SFAAAA	BSGAAA	HHHHxx
+5915	4526	1	3	5	15	15	915	1915	915	5915	30	31	NTAAAA	CSGAAA	OOOOxx
+2318	4527	0	2	8	18	18	318	318	2318	2318	36	37	ELAAAA	DSGAAA	VVVVxx
+294	4528	0	2	4	14	94	294	294	294	294	188	189	ILAAAA	ESGAAA	AAAAxx
+5245	4529	1	1	5	5	45	245	1245	245	5245	90	91	TTAAAA	FSGAAA	HHHHxx
+4481	4530	1	1	1	1	81	481	481	4481	4481	162	163	JQAAAA	GSGAAA	OOOOxx
+7754	4531	0	2	4	14	54	754	1754	2754	7754	108	109	GMAAAA	HSGAAA	VVVVxx
+8494	4532	0	2	4	14	94	494	494	3494	8494	188	189	SOAAAA	ISGAAA	AAAAxx
+4014	4533	0	2	4	14	14	14	14	4014	4014	28	29	KYAAAA	JSGAAA	HHHHxx
+2197	4534	1	1	7	17	97	197	197	2197	2197	194	195	NGAAAA	KSGAAA	OOOOxx
+1297	4535	1	1	7	17	97	297	1297	1297	1297	194	195	XXAAAA	LSGAAA	VVVVxx
+1066	4536	0	2	6	6	66	66	1066	1066	1066	132	133	APAAAA	MSGAAA	AAAAxx
+5710	4537	0	2	0	10	10	710	1710	710	5710	20	21	QLAAAA	NSGAAA	HHHHxx
+4100	4538	0	0	0	0	0	100	100	4100	4100	0	1	SBAAAA	OSGAAA	OOOOxx
+7356	4539	0	0	6	16	56	356	1356	2356	7356	112	113	YWAAAA	PSGAAA	VVVVxx
+7658	4540	0	2	8	18	58	658	1658	2658	7658	116	117	OIAAAA	QSGAAA	AAAAxx
+3666	4541	0	2	6	6	66	666	1666	3666	3666	132	133	ALAAAA	RSGAAA	HHHHxx
+9713	4542	1	1	3	13	13	713	1713	4713	9713	26	27	PJAAAA	SSGAAA	OOOOxx
+691	4543	1	3	1	11	91	691	691	691	691	182	183	PAAAAA	TSGAAA	VVVVxx
+3112	4544	0	0	2	12	12	112	1112	3112	3112	24	25	SPAAAA	USGAAA	AAAAxx
+6035	4545	1	3	5	15	35	35	35	1035	6035	70	71	DYAAAA	VSGAAA	HHHHxx
+8353	4546	1	1	3	13	53	353	353	3353	8353	106	107	HJAAAA	WSGAAA	OOOOxx
+5679	4547	1	3	9	19	79	679	1679	679	5679	158	159	LKAAAA	XSGAAA	VVVVxx
+2124	4548	0	0	4	4	24	124	124	2124	2124	48	49	SDAAAA	YSGAAA	AAAAxx
+4714	4549	0	2	4	14	14	714	714	4714	4714	28	29	IZAAAA	ZSGAAA	HHHHxx
+9048	4550	0	0	8	8	48	48	1048	4048	9048	96	97	AKAAAA	ATGAAA	OOOOxx
+7692	4551	0	0	2	12	92	692	1692	2692	7692	184	185	WJAAAA	BTGAAA	VVVVxx
+4542	4552	0	2	2	2	42	542	542	4542	4542	84	85	SSAAAA	CTGAAA	AAAAxx
+8737	4553	1	1	7	17	37	737	737	3737	8737	74	75	BYAAAA	DTGAAA	HHHHxx
+4977	4554	1	1	7	17	77	977	977	4977	4977	154	155	LJAAAA	ETGAAA	OOOOxx
+9349	4555	1	1	9	9	49	349	1349	4349	9349	98	99	PVAAAA	FTGAAA	VVVVxx
+731	4556	1	3	1	11	31	731	731	731	731	62	63	DCAAAA	GTGAAA	AAAAxx
+1788	4557	0	0	8	8	88	788	1788	1788	1788	176	177	UQAAAA	HTGAAA	HHHHxx
+7830	4558	0	2	0	10	30	830	1830	2830	7830	60	61	EPAAAA	ITGAAA	OOOOxx
+3977	4559	1	1	7	17	77	977	1977	3977	3977	154	155	ZWAAAA	JTGAAA	VVVVxx
+2421	4560	1	1	1	1	21	421	421	2421	2421	42	43	DPAAAA	KTGAAA	AAAAxx
+5891	4561	1	3	1	11	91	891	1891	891	5891	182	183	PSAAAA	LTGAAA	HHHHxx
+1111	4562	1	3	1	11	11	111	1111	1111	1111	22	23	TQAAAA	MTGAAA	OOOOxx
+9224	4563	0	0	4	4	24	224	1224	4224	9224	48	49	UQAAAA	NTGAAA	VVVVxx
+9872	4564	0	0	2	12	72	872	1872	4872	9872	144	145	SPAAAA	OTGAAA	AAAAxx
+2433	4565	1	1	3	13	33	433	433	2433	2433	66	67	PPAAAA	PTGAAA	HHHHxx
+1491	4566	1	3	1	11	91	491	1491	1491	1491	182	183	JFAAAA	QTGAAA	OOOOxx
+6653	4567	1	1	3	13	53	653	653	1653	6653	106	107	XVAAAA	RTGAAA	VVVVxx
+1907	4568	1	3	7	7	7	907	1907	1907	1907	14	15	JVAAAA	STGAAA	AAAAxx
+889	4569	1	1	9	9	89	889	889	889	889	178	179	FIAAAA	TTGAAA	HHHHxx
+561	4570	1	1	1	1	61	561	561	561	561	122	123	PVAAAA	UTGAAA	OOOOxx
+7415	4571	1	3	5	15	15	415	1415	2415	7415	30	31	FZAAAA	VTGAAA	VVVVxx
+2703	4572	1	3	3	3	3	703	703	2703	2703	6	7	ZZAAAA	WTGAAA	AAAAxx
+2561	4573	1	1	1	1	61	561	561	2561	2561	122	123	NUAAAA	XTGAAA	HHHHxx
+1257	4574	1	1	7	17	57	257	1257	1257	1257	114	115	JWAAAA	YTGAAA	OOOOxx
+2390	4575	0	2	0	10	90	390	390	2390	2390	180	181	YNAAAA	ZTGAAA	VVVVxx
+3915	4576	1	3	5	15	15	915	1915	3915	3915	30	31	PUAAAA	AUGAAA	AAAAxx
+8476	4577	0	0	6	16	76	476	476	3476	8476	152	153	AOAAAA	BUGAAA	HHHHxx
+607	4578	1	3	7	7	7	607	607	607	607	14	15	JXAAAA	CUGAAA	OOOOxx
+3891	4579	1	3	1	11	91	891	1891	3891	3891	182	183	RTAAAA	DUGAAA	VVVVxx
+7269	4580	1	1	9	9	69	269	1269	2269	7269	138	139	PTAAAA	EUGAAA	AAAAxx
+9537	4581	1	1	7	17	37	537	1537	4537	9537	74	75	VCAAAA	FUGAAA	HHHHxx
+8518	4582	0	2	8	18	18	518	518	3518	8518	36	37	QPAAAA	GUGAAA	OOOOxx
+5221	4583	1	1	1	1	21	221	1221	221	5221	42	43	VSAAAA	HUGAAA	VVVVxx
+3274	4584	0	2	4	14	74	274	1274	3274	3274	148	149	YVAAAA	IUGAAA	AAAAxx
+6677	4585	1	1	7	17	77	677	677	1677	6677	154	155	VWAAAA	JUGAAA	HHHHxx
+3114	4586	0	2	4	14	14	114	1114	3114	3114	28	29	UPAAAA	KUGAAA	OOOOxx
+1966	4587	0	2	6	6	66	966	1966	1966	1966	132	133	QXAAAA	LUGAAA	VVVVxx
+5941	4588	1	1	1	1	41	941	1941	941	5941	82	83	NUAAAA	MUGAAA	AAAAxx
+9463	4589	1	3	3	3	63	463	1463	4463	9463	126	127	ZZAAAA	NUGAAA	HHHHxx
+8966	4590	0	2	6	6	66	966	966	3966	8966	132	133	WGAAAA	OUGAAA	OOOOxx
+4402	4591	0	2	2	2	2	402	402	4402	4402	4	5	INAAAA	PUGAAA	VVVVxx
+3364	4592	0	0	4	4	64	364	1364	3364	3364	128	129	KZAAAA	QUGAAA	AAAAxx
+3698	4593	0	2	8	18	98	698	1698	3698	3698	196	197	GMAAAA	RUGAAA	HHHHxx
+4651	4594	1	3	1	11	51	651	651	4651	4651	102	103	XWAAAA	SUGAAA	OOOOxx
+2127	4595	1	3	7	7	27	127	127	2127	2127	54	55	VDAAAA	TUGAAA	VVVVxx
+3614	4596	0	2	4	14	14	614	1614	3614	3614	28	29	AJAAAA	UUGAAA	AAAAxx
+5430	4597	0	2	0	10	30	430	1430	430	5430	60	61	WAAAAA	VUGAAA	HHHHxx
+3361	4598	1	1	1	1	61	361	1361	3361	3361	122	123	HZAAAA	WUGAAA	OOOOxx
+4798	4599	0	2	8	18	98	798	798	4798	4798	196	197	OCAAAA	XUGAAA	VVVVxx
+8269	4600	1	1	9	9	69	269	269	3269	8269	138	139	BGAAAA	YUGAAA	AAAAxx
+6458	4601	0	2	8	18	58	458	458	1458	6458	116	117	KOAAAA	ZUGAAA	HHHHxx
+3358	4602	0	2	8	18	58	358	1358	3358	3358	116	117	EZAAAA	AVGAAA	OOOOxx
+5898	4603	0	2	8	18	98	898	1898	898	5898	196	197	WSAAAA	BVGAAA	VVVVxx
+1880	4604	0	0	0	0	80	880	1880	1880	1880	160	161	IUAAAA	CVGAAA	AAAAxx
+782	4605	0	2	2	2	82	782	782	782	782	164	165	CEAAAA	DVGAAA	HHHHxx
+3102	4606	0	2	2	2	2	102	1102	3102	3102	4	5	IPAAAA	EVGAAA	OOOOxx
+6366	4607	0	2	6	6	66	366	366	1366	6366	132	133	WKAAAA	FVGAAA	VVVVxx
+399	4608	1	3	9	19	99	399	399	399	399	198	199	JPAAAA	GVGAAA	AAAAxx
+6773	4609	1	1	3	13	73	773	773	1773	6773	146	147	NAAAAA	HVGAAA	HHHHxx
+7942	4610	0	2	2	2	42	942	1942	2942	7942	84	85	MTAAAA	IVGAAA	OOOOxx
+6274	4611	0	2	4	14	74	274	274	1274	6274	148	149	IHAAAA	JVGAAA	VVVVxx
+7447	4612	1	3	7	7	47	447	1447	2447	7447	94	95	LAAAAA	KVGAAA	AAAAxx
+7648	4613	0	0	8	8	48	648	1648	2648	7648	96	97	EIAAAA	LVGAAA	HHHHxx
+3997	4614	1	1	7	17	97	997	1997	3997	3997	194	195	TXAAAA	MVGAAA	OOOOxx
+1759	4615	1	3	9	19	59	759	1759	1759	1759	118	119	RPAAAA	NVGAAA	VVVVxx
+1785	4616	1	1	5	5	85	785	1785	1785	1785	170	171	RQAAAA	OVGAAA	AAAAxx
+8930	4617	0	2	0	10	30	930	930	3930	8930	60	61	MFAAAA	PVGAAA	HHHHxx
+7595	4618	1	3	5	15	95	595	1595	2595	7595	190	191	DGAAAA	QVGAAA	OOOOxx
+6752	4619	0	0	2	12	52	752	752	1752	6752	104	105	SZAAAA	RVGAAA	VVVVxx
+5635	4620	1	3	5	15	35	635	1635	635	5635	70	71	TIAAAA	SVGAAA	AAAAxx
+1579	4621	1	3	9	19	79	579	1579	1579	1579	158	159	TIAAAA	TVGAAA	HHHHxx
+7743	4622	1	3	3	3	43	743	1743	2743	7743	86	87	VLAAAA	UVGAAA	OOOOxx
+5856	4623	0	0	6	16	56	856	1856	856	5856	112	113	GRAAAA	VVGAAA	VVVVxx
+7273	4624	1	1	3	13	73	273	1273	2273	7273	146	147	TTAAAA	WVGAAA	AAAAxx
+1399	4625	1	3	9	19	99	399	1399	1399	1399	198	199	VBAAAA	XVGAAA	HHHHxx
+3694	4626	0	2	4	14	94	694	1694	3694	3694	188	189	CMAAAA	YVGAAA	OOOOxx
+2782	4627	0	2	2	2	82	782	782	2782	2782	164	165	ADAAAA	ZVGAAA	VVVVxx
+6951	4628	1	3	1	11	51	951	951	1951	6951	102	103	JHAAAA	AWGAAA	AAAAxx
+6053	4629	1	1	3	13	53	53	53	1053	6053	106	107	VYAAAA	BWGAAA	HHHHxx
+1753	4630	1	1	3	13	53	753	1753	1753	1753	106	107	LPAAAA	CWGAAA	OOOOxx
+3985	4631	1	1	5	5	85	985	1985	3985	3985	170	171	HXAAAA	DWGAAA	VVVVxx
+6159	4632	1	3	9	19	59	159	159	1159	6159	118	119	XCAAAA	EWGAAA	AAAAxx
+6250	4633	0	2	0	10	50	250	250	1250	6250	100	101	KGAAAA	FWGAAA	HHHHxx
+6240	4634	0	0	0	0	40	240	240	1240	6240	80	81	AGAAAA	GWGAAA	OOOOxx
+6571	4635	1	3	1	11	71	571	571	1571	6571	142	143	TSAAAA	HWGAAA	VVVVxx
+8624	4636	0	0	4	4	24	624	624	3624	8624	48	49	STAAAA	IWGAAA	AAAAxx
+9718	4637	0	2	8	18	18	718	1718	4718	9718	36	37	UJAAAA	JWGAAA	HHHHxx
+5529	4638	1	1	9	9	29	529	1529	529	5529	58	59	REAAAA	KWGAAA	OOOOxx
+7089	4639	1	1	9	9	89	89	1089	2089	7089	178	179	RMAAAA	LWGAAA	VVVVxx
+5488	4640	0	0	8	8	88	488	1488	488	5488	176	177	CDAAAA	MWGAAA	AAAAxx
+5444	4641	0	0	4	4	44	444	1444	444	5444	88	89	KBAAAA	NWGAAA	HHHHxx
+4899	4642	1	3	9	19	99	899	899	4899	4899	198	199	LGAAAA	OWGAAA	OOOOxx
+7928	4643	0	0	8	8	28	928	1928	2928	7928	56	57	YSAAAA	PWGAAA	VVVVxx
+4736	4644	0	0	6	16	36	736	736	4736	4736	72	73	EAAAAA	QWGAAA	AAAAxx
+4317	4645	1	1	7	17	17	317	317	4317	4317	34	35	BKAAAA	RWGAAA	HHHHxx
+1174	4646	0	2	4	14	74	174	1174	1174	1174	148	149	ETAAAA	SWGAAA	OOOOxx
+6138	4647	0	2	8	18	38	138	138	1138	6138	76	77	CCAAAA	TWGAAA	VVVVxx
+3943	4648	1	3	3	3	43	943	1943	3943	3943	86	87	RVAAAA	UWGAAA	AAAAxx
+1545	4649	1	1	5	5	45	545	1545	1545	1545	90	91	LHAAAA	VWGAAA	HHHHxx
+6867	4650	1	3	7	7	67	867	867	1867	6867	134	135	DEAAAA	WWGAAA	OOOOxx
+6832	4651	0	0	2	12	32	832	832	1832	6832	64	65	UCAAAA	XWGAAA	VVVVxx
+2987	4652	1	3	7	7	87	987	987	2987	2987	174	175	XKAAAA	YWGAAA	AAAAxx
+5169	4653	1	1	9	9	69	169	1169	169	5169	138	139	VQAAAA	ZWGAAA	HHHHxx
+8998	4654	0	2	8	18	98	998	998	3998	8998	196	197	CIAAAA	AXGAAA	OOOOxx
+9347	4655	1	3	7	7	47	347	1347	4347	9347	94	95	NVAAAA	BXGAAA	VVVVxx
+4800	4656	0	0	0	0	0	800	800	4800	4800	0	1	QCAAAA	CXGAAA	AAAAxx
+4200	4657	0	0	0	0	0	200	200	4200	4200	0	1	OFAAAA	DXGAAA	HHHHxx
+4046	4658	0	2	6	6	46	46	46	4046	4046	92	93	QZAAAA	EXGAAA	OOOOxx
+7142	4659	0	2	2	2	42	142	1142	2142	7142	84	85	SOAAAA	FXGAAA	VVVVxx
+2733	4660	1	1	3	13	33	733	733	2733	2733	66	67	DBAAAA	GXGAAA	AAAAxx
+1568	4661	0	0	8	8	68	568	1568	1568	1568	136	137	IIAAAA	HXGAAA	HHHHxx
+5105	4662	1	1	5	5	5	105	1105	105	5105	10	11	JOAAAA	IXGAAA	OOOOxx
+9115	4663	1	3	5	15	15	115	1115	4115	9115	30	31	PMAAAA	JXGAAA	VVVVxx
+6475	4664	1	3	5	15	75	475	475	1475	6475	150	151	BPAAAA	KXGAAA	AAAAxx
+3796	4665	0	0	6	16	96	796	1796	3796	3796	192	193	AQAAAA	LXGAAA	HHHHxx
+5410	4666	0	2	0	10	10	410	1410	410	5410	20	21	CAAAAA	MXGAAA	OOOOxx
+4023	4667	1	3	3	3	23	23	23	4023	4023	46	47	TYAAAA	NXGAAA	VVVVxx
+8904	4668	0	0	4	4	4	904	904	3904	8904	8	9	MEAAAA	OXGAAA	AAAAxx
+450	4669	0	2	0	10	50	450	450	450	450	100	101	IRAAAA	PXGAAA	HHHHxx
+8087	4670	1	3	7	7	87	87	87	3087	8087	174	175	BZAAAA	QXGAAA	OOOOxx
+6478	4671	0	2	8	18	78	478	478	1478	6478	156	157	EPAAAA	RXGAAA	VVVVxx
+2696	4672	0	0	6	16	96	696	696	2696	2696	192	193	SZAAAA	SXGAAA	AAAAxx
+1792	4673	0	0	2	12	92	792	1792	1792	1792	184	185	YQAAAA	TXGAAA	HHHHxx
+9699	4674	1	3	9	19	99	699	1699	4699	9699	198	199	BJAAAA	UXGAAA	OOOOxx
+9160	4675	0	0	0	0	60	160	1160	4160	9160	120	121	IOAAAA	VXGAAA	VVVVxx
+9989	4676	1	1	9	9	89	989	1989	4989	9989	178	179	FUAAAA	WXGAAA	AAAAxx
+9568	4677	0	0	8	8	68	568	1568	4568	9568	136	137	AEAAAA	XXGAAA	HHHHxx
+487	4678	1	3	7	7	87	487	487	487	487	174	175	TSAAAA	YXGAAA	OOOOxx
+7863	4679	1	3	3	3	63	863	1863	2863	7863	126	127	LQAAAA	ZXGAAA	VVVVxx
+1884	4680	0	0	4	4	84	884	1884	1884	1884	168	169	MUAAAA	AYGAAA	AAAAxx
+2651	4681	1	3	1	11	51	651	651	2651	2651	102	103	ZXAAAA	BYGAAA	HHHHxx
+8285	4682	1	1	5	5	85	285	285	3285	8285	170	171	RGAAAA	CYGAAA	OOOOxx
+3927	4683	1	3	7	7	27	927	1927	3927	3927	54	55	BVAAAA	DYGAAA	VVVVxx
+4076	4684	0	0	6	16	76	76	76	4076	4076	152	153	UAAAAA	EYGAAA	AAAAxx
+6149	4685	1	1	9	9	49	149	149	1149	6149	98	99	NCAAAA	FYGAAA	HHHHxx
+6581	4686	1	1	1	1	81	581	581	1581	6581	162	163	DTAAAA	GYGAAA	OOOOxx
+8293	4687	1	1	3	13	93	293	293	3293	8293	186	187	ZGAAAA	HYGAAA	VVVVxx
+7665	4688	1	1	5	5	65	665	1665	2665	7665	130	131	VIAAAA	IYGAAA	AAAAxx
+4435	4689	1	3	5	15	35	435	435	4435	4435	70	71	POAAAA	JYGAAA	HHHHxx
+1271	4690	1	3	1	11	71	271	1271	1271	1271	142	143	XWAAAA	KYGAAA	OOOOxx
+3928	4691	0	0	8	8	28	928	1928	3928	3928	56	57	CVAAAA	LYGAAA	VVVVxx
+7045	4692	1	1	5	5	45	45	1045	2045	7045	90	91	ZKAAAA	MYGAAA	AAAAxx
+4943	4693	1	3	3	3	43	943	943	4943	4943	86	87	DIAAAA	NYGAAA	HHHHxx
+8473	4694	1	1	3	13	73	473	473	3473	8473	146	147	XNAAAA	OYGAAA	OOOOxx
+1707	4695	1	3	7	7	7	707	1707	1707	1707	14	15	RNAAAA	PYGAAA	VVVVxx
+7509	4696	1	1	9	9	9	509	1509	2509	7509	18	19	VCAAAA	QYGAAA	AAAAxx
+1593	4697	1	1	3	13	93	593	1593	1593	1593	186	187	HJAAAA	RYGAAA	HHHHxx
+9281	4698	1	1	1	1	81	281	1281	4281	9281	162	163	ZSAAAA	SYGAAA	OOOOxx
+8986	4699	0	2	6	6	86	986	986	3986	8986	172	173	QHAAAA	TYGAAA	VVVVxx
+3740	4700	0	0	0	0	40	740	1740	3740	3740	80	81	WNAAAA	UYGAAA	AAAAxx
+9265	4701	1	1	5	5	65	265	1265	4265	9265	130	131	JSAAAA	VYGAAA	HHHHxx
+1510	4702	0	2	0	10	10	510	1510	1510	1510	20	21	CGAAAA	WYGAAA	OOOOxx
+3022	4703	0	2	2	2	22	22	1022	3022	3022	44	45	GMAAAA	XYGAAA	VVVVxx
+9014	4704	0	2	4	14	14	14	1014	4014	9014	28	29	SIAAAA	YYGAAA	AAAAxx
+6816	4705	0	0	6	16	16	816	816	1816	6816	32	33	ECAAAA	ZYGAAA	HHHHxx
+5518	4706	0	2	8	18	18	518	1518	518	5518	36	37	GEAAAA	AZGAAA	OOOOxx
+4451	4707	1	3	1	11	51	451	451	4451	4451	102	103	FPAAAA	BZGAAA	VVVVxx
+8747	4708	1	3	7	7	47	747	747	3747	8747	94	95	LYAAAA	CZGAAA	AAAAxx
+4646	4709	0	2	6	6	46	646	646	4646	4646	92	93	SWAAAA	DZGAAA	HHHHxx
+7296	4710	0	0	6	16	96	296	1296	2296	7296	192	193	QUAAAA	EZGAAA	OOOOxx
+9644	4711	0	0	4	4	44	644	1644	4644	9644	88	89	YGAAAA	FZGAAA	VVVVxx
+5977	4712	1	1	7	17	77	977	1977	977	5977	154	155	XVAAAA	GZGAAA	AAAAxx
+6270	4713	0	2	0	10	70	270	270	1270	6270	140	141	EHAAAA	HZGAAA	HHHHxx
+5578	4714	0	2	8	18	78	578	1578	578	5578	156	157	OGAAAA	IZGAAA	OOOOxx
+2465	4715	1	1	5	5	65	465	465	2465	2465	130	131	VQAAAA	JZGAAA	VVVVxx
+6436	4716	0	0	6	16	36	436	436	1436	6436	72	73	ONAAAA	KZGAAA	AAAAxx
+8089	4717	1	1	9	9	89	89	89	3089	8089	178	179	DZAAAA	LZGAAA	HHHHxx
+2409	4718	1	1	9	9	9	409	409	2409	2409	18	19	ROAAAA	MZGAAA	OOOOxx
+284	4719	0	0	4	4	84	284	284	284	284	168	169	YKAAAA	NZGAAA	VVVVxx
+5576	4720	0	0	6	16	76	576	1576	576	5576	152	153	MGAAAA	OZGAAA	AAAAxx
+6534	4721	0	2	4	14	34	534	534	1534	6534	68	69	IRAAAA	PZGAAA	HHHHxx
+8848	4722	0	0	8	8	48	848	848	3848	8848	96	97	ICAAAA	QZGAAA	OOOOxx
+4305	4723	1	1	5	5	5	305	305	4305	4305	10	11	PJAAAA	RZGAAA	VVVVxx
+5574	4724	0	2	4	14	74	574	1574	574	5574	148	149	KGAAAA	SZGAAA	AAAAxx
+596	4725	0	0	6	16	96	596	596	596	596	192	193	YWAAAA	TZGAAA	HHHHxx
+1253	4726	1	1	3	13	53	253	1253	1253	1253	106	107	FWAAAA	UZGAAA	OOOOxx
+521	4727	1	1	1	1	21	521	521	521	521	42	43	BUAAAA	VZGAAA	VVVVxx
+8739	4728	1	3	9	19	39	739	739	3739	8739	78	79	DYAAAA	WZGAAA	AAAAxx
+908	4729	0	0	8	8	8	908	908	908	908	16	17	YIAAAA	XZGAAA	HHHHxx
+6937	4730	1	1	7	17	37	937	937	1937	6937	74	75	VGAAAA	YZGAAA	OOOOxx
+4515	4731	1	3	5	15	15	515	515	4515	4515	30	31	RRAAAA	ZZGAAA	VVVVxx
+8630	4732	0	2	0	10	30	630	630	3630	8630	60	61	YTAAAA	AAHAAA	AAAAxx
+7518	4733	0	2	8	18	18	518	1518	2518	7518	36	37	EDAAAA	BAHAAA	HHHHxx
+8300	4734	0	0	0	0	0	300	300	3300	8300	0	1	GHAAAA	CAHAAA	OOOOxx
+8434	4735	0	2	4	14	34	434	434	3434	8434	68	69	KMAAAA	DAHAAA	VVVVxx
+6000	4736	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1000	6000	0	1	UWAAAA	EAHAAA	AAAAxx
+4508	4737	0	0	8	8	8	508	508	4508	4508	16	17	KRAAAA	FAHAAA	HHHHxx
+7861	4738	1	1	1	1	61	861	1861	2861	7861	122	123	JQAAAA	GAHAAA	OOOOxx
+5953	4739	1	1	3	13	53	953	1953	953	5953	106	107	ZUAAAA	HAHAAA	VVVVxx
+5063	4740	1	3	3	3	63	63	1063	63	5063	126	127	TMAAAA	IAHAAA	AAAAxx
+4501	4741	1	1	1	1	1	501	501	4501	4501	2	3	DRAAAA	JAHAAA	HHHHxx
+7092	4742	0	0	2	12	92	92	1092	2092	7092	184	185	UMAAAA	KAHAAA	OOOOxx
+4388	4743	0	0	8	8	88	388	388	4388	4388	176	177	UMAAAA	LAHAAA	VVVVxx
+1826	4744	0	2	6	6	26	826	1826	1826	1826	52	53	GSAAAA	MAHAAA	AAAAxx
+568	4745	0	0	8	8	68	568	568	568	568	136	137	WVAAAA	NAHAAA	HHHHxx
+8184	4746	0	0	4	4	84	184	184	3184	8184	168	169	UCAAAA	OAHAAA	OOOOxx
+4268	4747	0	0	8	8	68	268	268	4268	4268	136	137	EIAAAA	PAHAAA	VVVVxx
+5798	4748	0	2	8	18	98	798	1798	798	5798	196	197	APAAAA	QAHAAA	AAAAxx
+5190	4749	0	2	0	10	90	190	1190	190	5190	180	181	QRAAAA	RAHAAA	HHHHxx
+1298	4750	0	2	8	18	98	298	1298	1298	1298	196	197	YXAAAA	SAHAAA	OOOOxx
+4035	4751	1	3	5	15	35	35	35	4035	4035	70	71	FZAAAA	TAHAAA	VVVVxx
+4504	4752	0	0	4	4	4	504	504	4504	4504	8	9	GRAAAA	UAHAAA	AAAAxx
+5992	4753	0	0	2	12	92	992	1992	992	5992	184	185	MWAAAA	VAHAAA	HHHHxx
+770	4754	0	2	0	10	70	770	770	770	770	140	141	QDAAAA	WAHAAA	OOOOxx
+7502	4755	0	2	2	2	2	502	1502	2502	7502	4	5	OCAAAA	XAHAAA	VVVVxx
+824	4756	0	0	4	4	24	824	824	824	824	48	49	SFAAAA	YAHAAA	AAAAxx
+7716	4757	0	0	6	16	16	716	1716	2716	7716	32	33	UKAAAA	ZAHAAA	HHHHxx
+5749	4758	1	1	9	9	49	749	1749	749	5749	98	99	DNAAAA	ABHAAA	OOOOxx
+9814	4759	0	2	4	14	14	814	1814	4814	9814	28	29	MNAAAA	BBHAAA	VVVVxx
+350	4760	0	2	0	10	50	350	350	350	350	100	101	MNAAAA	CBHAAA	AAAAxx
+1390	4761	0	2	0	10	90	390	1390	1390	1390	180	181	MBAAAA	DBHAAA	HHHHxx
+6994	4762	0	2	4	14	94	994	994	1994	6994	188	189	AJAAAA	EBHAAA	OOOOxx
+3629	4763	1	1	9	9	29	629	1629	3629	3629	58	59	PJAAAA	FBHAAA	VVVVxx
+9937	4764	1	1	7	17	37	937	1937	4937	9937	74	75	FSAAAA	GBHAAA	AAAAxx
+5285	4765	1	1	5	5	85	285	1285	285	5285	170	171	HVAAAA	HBHAAA	HHHHxx
+3157	4766	1	1	7	17	57	157	1157	3157	3157	114	115	LRAAAA	IBHAAA	OOOOxx
+9549	4767	1	1	9	9	49	549	1549	4549	9549	98	99	HDAAAA	JBHAAA	VVVVxx
+4118	4768	0	2	8	18	18	118	118	4118	4118	36	37	KCAAAA	KBHAAA	AAAAxx
+756	4769	0	0	6	16	56	756	756	756	756	112	113	CDAAAA	LBHAAA	HHHHxx
+5964	4770	0	0	4	4	64	964	1964	964	5964	128	129	KVAAAA	MBHAAA	OOOOxx
+7701	4771	1	1	1	1	1	701	1701	2701	7701	2	3	FKAAAA	NBHAAA	VVVVxx
+1242	4772	0	2	2	2	42	242	1242	1242	1242	84	85	UVAAAA	OBHAAA	AAAAxx
+7890	4773	0	2	0	10	90	890	1890	2890	7890	180	181	MRAAAA	PBHAAA	HHHHxx
+1991	4774	1	3	1	11	91	991	1991	1991	1991	182	183	PYAAAA	QBHAAA	OOOOxx
+110	4775	0	2	0	10	10	110	110	110	110	20	21	GEAAAA	RBHAAA	VVVVxx
+9334	4776	0	2	4	14	34	334	1334	4334	9334	68	69	AVAAAA	SBHAAA	AAAAxx
+6231	4777	1	3	1	11	31	231	231	1231	6231	62	63	RFAAAA	TBHAAA	HHHHxx
+9871	4778	1	3	1	11	71	871	1871	4871	9871	142	143	RPAAAA	UBHAAA	OOOOxx
+9471	4779	1	3	1	11	71	471	1471	4471	9471	142	143	HAAAAA	VBHAAA	VVVVxx
+2697	4780	1	1	7	17	97	697	697	2697	2697	194	195	TZAAAA	WBHAAA	AAAAxx
+4761	4781	1	1	1	1	61	761	761	4761	4761	122	123	DBAAAA	XBHAAA	HHHHxx
+8493	4782	1	1	3	13	93	493	493	3493	8493	186	187	ROAAAA	YBHAAA	OOOOxx
+1045	4783	1	1	5	5	45	45	1045	1045	1045	90	91	FOAAAA	ZBHAAA	VVVVxx
+3403	4784	1	3	3	3	3	403	1403	3403	3403	6	7	XAAAAA	ACHAAA	AAAAxx
+9412	4785	0	0	2	12	12	412	1412	4412	9412	24	25	AYAAAA	BCHAAA	HHHHxx
+7652	4786	0	0	2	12	52	652	1652	2652	7652	104	105	IIAAAA	CCHAAA	OOOOxx
+5866	4787	0	2	6	6	66	866	1866	866	5866	132	133	QRAAAA	DCHAAA	VVVVxx
+6942	4788	0	2	2	2	42	942	942	1942	6942	84	85	AHAAAA	ECHAAA	AAAAxx
+9353	4789	1	1	3	13	53	353	1353	4353	9353	106	107	TVAAAA	FCHAAA	HHHHxx
+2600	4790	0	0	0	0	0	600	600	2600	2600	0	1	AWAAAA	GCHAAA	OOOOxx
+6971	4791	1	3	1	11	71	971	971	1971	6971	142	143	DIAAAA	HCHAAA	VVVVxx
+5391	4792	1	3	1	11	91	391	1391	391	5391	182	183	JZAAAA	ICHAAA	AAAAxx
+7654	4793	0	2	4	14	54	654	1654	2654	7654	108	109	KIAAAA	JCHAAA	HHHHxx
+1797	4794	1	1	7	17	97	797	1797	1797	1797	194	195	DRAAAA	KCHAAA	OOOOxx
+4530	4795	0	2	0	10	30	530	530	4530	4530	60	61	GSAAAA	LCHAAA	VVVVxx
+3130	4796	0	2	0	10	30	130	1130	3130	3130	60	61	KQAAAA	MCHAAA	AAAAxx
+9442	4797	0	2	2	2	42	442	1442	4442	9442	84	85	EZAAAA	NCHAAA	HHHHxx
+6659	4798	1	3	9	19	59	659	659	1659	6659	118	119	DWAAAA	OCHAAA	OOOOxx
+9714	4799	0	2	4	14	14	714	1714	4714	9714	28	29	QJAAAA	PCHAAA	VVVVxx
+3660	4800	0	0	0	0	60	660	1660	3660	3660	120	121	UKAAAA	QCHAAA	AAAAxx
+1906	4801	0	2	6	6	6	906	1906	1906	1906	12	13	IVAAAA	RCHAAA	HHHHxx
+7927	4802	1	3	7	7	27	927	1927	2927	7927	54	55	XSAAAA	SCHAAA	OOOOxx
+1767	4803	1	3	7	7	67	767	1767	1767	1767	134	135	ZPAAAA	TCHAAA	VVVVxx
+5523	4804	1	3	3	3	23	523	1523	523	5523	46	47	LEAAAA	UCHAAA	AAAAxx
+9289	4805	1	1	9	9	89	289	1289	4289	9289	178	179	HTAAAA	VCHAAA	HHHHxx
+2717	4806	1	1	7	17	17	717	717	2717	2717	34	35	NAAAAA	WCHAAA	OOOOxx
+4099	4807	1	3	9	19	99	99	99	4099	4099	198	199	RBAAAA	XCHAAA	VVVVxx
+4387	4808	1	3	7	7	87	387	387	4387	4387	174	175	TMAAAA	YCHAAA	AAAAxx
+8864	4809	0	0	4	4	64	864	864	3864	8864	128	129	YCAAAA	ZCHAAA	HHHHxx
+1774	4810	0	2	4	14	74	774	1774	1774	1774	148	149	GQAAAA	ADHAAA	OOOOxx
+6292	4811	0	0	2	12	92	292	292	1292	6292	184	185	AIAAAA	BDHAAA	VVVVxx
+847	4812	1	3	7	7	47	847	847	847	847	94	95	PGAAAA	CDHAAA	AAAAxx
+5954	4813	0	2	4	14	54	954	1954	954	5954	108	109	AVAAAA	DDHAAA	HHHHxx
+8032	4814	0	0	2	12	32	32	32	3032	8032	64	65	YWAAAA	EDHAAA	OOOOxx
+3295	4815	1	3	5	15	95	295	1295	3295	3295	190	191	TWAAAA	FDHAAA	VVVVxx
+8984	4816	0	0	4	4	84	984	984	3984	8984	168	169	OHAAAA	GDHAAA	AAAAxx
+7809	4817	1	1	9	9	9	809	1809	2809	7809	18	19	JOAAAA	HDHAAA	HHHHxx
+1670	4818	0	2	0	10	70	670	1670	1670	1670	140	141	GMAAAA	IDHAAA	OOOOxx
+7733	4819	1	1	3	13	33	733	1733	2733	7733	66	67	LLAAAA	JDHAAA	VVVVxx
+6187	4820	1	3	7	7	87	187	187	1187	6187	174	175	ZDAAAA	KDHAAA	AAAAxx
+9326	4821	0	2	6	6	26	326	1326	4326	9326	52	53	SUAAAA	LDHAAA	HHHHxx
+2493	4822	1	1	3	13	93	493	493	2493	2493	186	187	XRAAAA	MDHAAA	OOOOxx
+9512	4823	0	0	2	12	12	512	1512	4512	9512	24	25	WBAAAA	NDHAAA	VVVVxx
+4342	4824	0	2	2	2	42	342	342	4342	4342	84	85	ALAAAA	ODHAAA	AAAAxx
+5350	4825	0	2	0	10	50	350	1350	350	5350	100	101	UXAAAA	PDHAAA	HHHHxx
+6009	4826	1	1	9	9	9	9	9	1009	6009	18	19	DXAAAA	QDHAAA	OOOOxx
+1208	4827	0	0	8	8	8	208	1208	1208	1208	16	17	MUAAAA	RDHAAA	VVVVxx
+7014	4828	0	2	4	14	14	14	1014	2014	7014	28	29	UJAAAA	SDHAAA	AAAAxx
+2967	4829	1	3	7	7	67	967	967	2967	2967	134	135	DKAAAA	TDHAAA	HHHHxx
+5831	4830	1	3	1	11	31	831	1831	831	5831	62	63	HQAAAA	UDHAAA	OOOOxx
+3097	4831	1	1	7	17	97	97	1097	3097	3097	194	195	DPAAAA	VDHAAA	VVVVxx
+1528	4832	0	0	8	8	28	528	1528	1528	1528	56	57	UGAAAA	WDHAAA	AAAAxx
+6429	4833	1	1	9	9	29	429	429	1429	6429	58	59	HNAAAA	XDHAAA	HHHHxx
+7320	4834	0	0	0	0	20	320	1320	2320	7320	40	41	OVAAAA	YDHAAA	OOOOxx
+844	4835	0	0	4	4	44	844	844	844	844	88	89	MGAAAA	ZDHAAA	VVVVxx
+7054	4836	0	2	4	14	54	54	1054	2054	7054	108	109	ILAAAA	AEHAAA	AAAAxx
+1643	4837	1	3	3	3	43	643	1643	1643	1643	86	87	FLAAAA	BEHAAA	HHHHxx
+7626	4838	0	2	6	6	26	626	1626	2626	7626	52	53	IHAAAA	CEHAAA	OOOOxx
+8728	4839	0	0	8	8	28	728	728	3728	8728	56	57	SXAAAA	DEHAAA	VVVVxx
+8277	4840	1	1	7	17	77	277	277	3277	8277	154	155	JGAAAA	EEHAAA	AAAAxx
+189	4841	1	1	9	9	89	189	189	189	189	178	179	HHAAAA	FEHAAA	HHHHxx
+3717	4842	1	1	7	17	17	717	1717	3717	3717	34	35	ZMAAAA	GEHAAA	OOOOxx
+1020	4843	0	0	0	0	20	20	1020	1020	1020	40	41	GNAAAA	HEHAAA	VVVVxx
+9234	4844	0	2	4	14	34	234	1234	4234	9234	68	69	ERAAAA	IEHAAA	AAAAxx
+9541	4845	1	1	1	1	41	541	1541	4541	9541	82	83	ZCAAAA	JEHAAA	HHHHxx
+380	4846	0	0	0	0	80	380	380	380	380	160	161	QOAAAA	KEHAAA	OOOOxx
+397	4847	1	1	7	17	97	397	397	397	397	194	195	HPAAAA	LEHAAA	VVVVxx
+835	4848	1	3	5	15	35	835	835	835	835	70	71	DGAAAA	MEHAAA	AAAAxx
+347	4849	1	3	7	7	47	347	347	347	347	94	95	JNAAAA	NEHAAA	HHHHxx
+2490	4850	0	2	0	10	90	490	490	2490	2490	180	181	URAAAA	OEHAAA	OOOOxx
+605	4851	1	1	5	5	5	605	605	605	605	10	11	HXAAAA	PEHAAA	VVVVxx
+7960	4852	0	0	0	0	60	960	1960	2960	7960	120	121	EUAAAA	QEHAAA	AAAAxx
+9681	4853	1	1	1	1	81	681	1681	4681	9681	162	163	JIAAAA	REHAAA	HHHHxx
+5753	4854	1	1	3	13	53	753	1753	753	5753	106	107	HNAAAA	SEHAAA	OOOOxx
+1676	4855	0	0	6	16	76	676	1676	1676	1676	152	153	MMAAAA	TEHAAA	VVVVxx
+5533	4856	1	1	3	13	33	533	1533	533	5533	66	67	VEAAAA	UEHAAA	AAAAxx
+8958	4857	0	2	8	18	58	958	958	3958	8958	116	117	OGAAAA	VEHAAA	HHHHxx
+664	4858	0	0	4	4	64	664	664	664	664	128	129	OZAAAA	WEHAAA	OOOOxx
+3005	4859	1	1	5	5	5	5	1005	3005	3005	10	11	PLAAAA	XEHAAA	VVVVxx
+8576	4860	0	0	6	16	76	576	576	3576	8576	152	153	WRAAAA	YEHAAA	AAAAxx
+7304	4861	0	0	4	4	4	304	1304	2304	7304	8	9	YUAAAA	ZEHAAA	HHHHxx
+3375	4862	1	3	5	15	75	375	1375	3375	3375	150	151	VZAAAA	AFHAAA	OOOOxx
+6336	4863	0	0	6	16	36	336	336	1336	6336	72	73	SJAAAA	BFHAAA	VVVVxx
+1392	4864	0	0	2	12	92	392	1392	1392	1392	184	185	OBAAAA	CFHAAA	AAAAxx
+2925	4865	1	1	5	5	25	925	925	2925	2925	50	51	NIAAAA	DFHAAA	HHHHxx
+1217	4866	1	1	7	17	17	217	1217	1217	1217	34	35	VUAAAA	EFHAAA	OOOOxx
+3714	4867	0	2	4	14	14	714	1714	3714	3714	28	29	WMAAAA	FFHAAA	VVVVxx
+2120	4868	0	0	0	0	20	120	120	2120	2120	40	41	ODAAAA	GFHAAA	AAAAxx
+2845	4869	1	1	5	5	45	845	845	2845	2845	90	91	LFAAAA	HFHAAA	HHHHxx
+3865	4870	1	1	5	5	65	865	1865	3865	3865	130	131	RSAAAA	IFHAAA	OOOOxx
+124	4871	0	0	4	4	24	124	124	124	124	48	49	UEAAAA	JFHAAA	VVVVxx
+865	4872	1	1	5	5	65	865	865	865	865	130	131	HHAAAA	KFHAAA	AAAAxx
+9361	4873	1	1	1	1	61	361	1361	4361	9361	122	123	BWAAAA	LFHAAA	HHHHxx
+6338	4874	0	2	8	18	38	338	338	1338	6338	76	77	UJAAAA	MFHAAA	OOOOxx
+7330	4875	0	2	0	10	30	330	1330	2330	7330	60	61	YVAAAA	NFHAAA	VVVVxx
+513	4876	1	1	3	13	13	513	513	513	513	26	27	TTAAAA	OFHAAA	AAAAxx
+5001	4877	1	1	1	1	1	1	1001	1	5001	2	3	JKAAAA	PFHAAA	HHHHxx
+549	4878	1	1	9	9	49	549	549	549	549	98	99	DVAAAA	QFHAAA	OOOOxx
+1808	4879	0	0	8	8	8	808	1808	1808	1808	16	17	ORAAAA	RFHAAA	VVVVxx
+7168	4880	0	0	8	8	68	168	1168	2168	7168	136	137	SPAAAA	SFHAAA	AAAAxx
+9878	4881	0	2	8	18	78	878	1878	4878	9878	156	157	YPAAAA	TFHAAA	HHHHxx
+233	4882	1	1	3	13	33	233	233	233	233	66	67	ZIAAAA	UFHAAA	OOOOxx
+4262	4883	0	2	2	2	62	262	262	4262	4262	124	125	YHAAAA	VFHAAA	VVVVxx
+7998	4884	0	2	8	18	98	998	1998	2998	7998	196	197	QVAAAA	WFHAAA	AAAAxx
+2419	4885	1	3	9	19	19	419	419	2419	2419	38	39	BPAAAA	XFHAAA	HHHHxx
+9960	4886	0	0	0	0	60	960	1960	4960	9960	120	121	CTAAAA	YFHAAA	OOOOxx
+3523	4887	1	3	3	3	23	523	1523	3523	3523	46	47	NFAAAA	ZFHAAA	VVVVxx
+5440	4888	0	0	0	0	40	440	1440	440	5440	80	81	GBAAAA	AGHAAA	AAAAxx
+3030	4889	0	2	0	10	30	30	1030	3030	3030	60	61	OMAAAA	BGHAAA	HHHHxx
+2745	4890	1	1	5	5	45	745	745	2745	2745	90	91	PBAAAA	CGHAAA	OOOOxx
+7175	4891	1	3	5	15	75	175	1175	2175	7175	150	151	ZPAAAA	DGHAAA	VVVVxx
+640	4892	0	0	0	0	40	640	640	640	640	80	81	QYAAAA	EGHAAA	AAAAxx
+1798	4893	0	2	8	18	98	798	1798	1798	1798	196	197	ERAAAA	FGHAAA	HHHHxx
+7499	4894	1	3	9	19	99	499	1499	2499	7499	198	199	LCAAAA	GGHAAA	OOOOxx
+1924	4895	0	0	4	4	24	924	1924	1924	1924	48	49	AWAAAA	HGHAAA	VVVVxx
+1327	4896	1	3	7	7	27	327	1327	1327	1327	54	55	BZAAAA	IGHAAA	AAAAxx
+73	4897	1	1	3	13	73	73	73	73	73	146	147	VCAAAA	JGHAAA	HHHHxx
+9558	4898	0	2	8	18	58	558	1558	4558	9558	116	117	QDAAAA	KGHAAA	OOOOxx
+818	4899	0	2	8	18	18	818	818	818	818	36	37	MFAAAA	LGHAAA	VVVVxx
+9916	4900	0	0	6	16	16	916	1916	4916	9916	32	33	KRAAAA	MGHAAA	AAAAxx
+2978	4901	0	2	8	18	78	978	978	2978	2978	156	157	OKAAAA	NGHAAA	HHHHxx
+8469	4902	1	1	9	9	69	469	469	3469	8469	138	139	TNAAAA	OGHAAA	OOOOxx
+9845	4903	1	1	5	5	45	845	1845	4845	9845	90	91	ROAAAA	PGHAAA	VVVVxx
+2326	4904	0	2	6	6	26	326	326	2326	2326	52	53	MLAAAA	QGHAAA	AAAAxx
+4032	4905	0	0	2	12	32	32	32	4032	4032	64	65	CZAAAA	RGHAAA	HHHHxx
+5604	4906	0	0	4	4	4	604	1604	604	5604	8	9	OHAAAA	SGHAAA	OOOOxx
+9610	4907	0	2	0	10	10	610	1610	4610	9610	20	21	QFAAAA	TGHAAA	VVVVxx
+5101	4908	1	1	1	1	1	101	1101	101	5101	2	3	FOAAAA	UGHAAA	AAAAxx
+7246	4909	0	2	6	6	46	246	1246	2246	7246	92	93	SSAAAA	VGHAAA	HHHHxx
+1292	4910	0	0	2	12	92	292	1292	1292	1292	184	185	SXAAAA	WGHAAA	OOOOxx
+6235	4911	1	3	5	15	35	235	235	1235	6235	70	71	VFAAAA	XGHAAA	VVVVxx
+1733	4912	1	1	3	13	33	733	1733	1733	1733	66	67	ROAAAA	YGHAAA	AAAAxx
+4647	4913	1	3	7	7	47	647	647	4647	4647	94	95	TWAAAA	ZGHAAA	HHHHxx
+258	4914	0	2	8	18	58	258	258	258	258	116	117	YJAAAA	AHHAAA	OOOOxx
+8438	4915	0	2	8	18	38	438	438	3438	8438	76	77	OMAAAA	BHHAAA	VVVVxx
+7869	4916	1	1	9	9	69	869	1869	2869	7869	138	139	RQAAAA	CHHAAA	AAAAxx
+9691	4917	1	3	1	11	91	691	1691	4691	9691	182	183	TIAAAA	DHHAAA	HHHHxx
+5422	4918	0	2	2	2	22	422	1422	422	5422	44	45	OAAAAA	EHHAAA	OOOOxx
+9630	4919	0	2	0	10	30	630	1630	4630	9630	60	61	KGAAAA	FHHAAA	VVVVxx
+4439	4920	1	3	9	19	39	439	439	4439	4439	78	79	TOAAAA	GHHAAA	AAAAxx
+3140	4921	0	0	0	0	40	140	1140	3140	3140	80	81	UQAAAA	HHHAAA	HHHHxx
+9111	4922	1	3	1	11	11	111	1111	4111	9111	22	23	LMAAAA	IHHAAA	OOOOxx
+4606	4923	0	2	6	6	6	606	606	4606	4606	12	13	EVAAAA	JHHAAA	VVVVxx
+8620	4924	0	0	0	0	20	620	620	3620	8620	40	41	OTAAAA	KHHAAA	AAAAxx
+7849	4925	1	1	9	9	49	849	1849	2849	7849	98	99	XPAAAA	LHHAAA	HHHHxx
+346	4926	0	2	6	6	46	346	346	346	346	92	93	INAAAA	MHHAAA	OOOOxx
+9528	4927	0	0	8	8	28	528	1528	4528	9528	56	57	MCAAAA	NHHAAA	VVVVxx
+1811	4928	1	3	1	11	11	811	1811	1811	1811	22	23	RRAAAA	OHHAAA	AAAAxx
+6068	4929	0	0	8	8	68	68	68	1068	6068	136	137	KZAAAA	PHHAAA	HHHHxx
+6260	4930	0	0	0	0	60	260	260	1260	6260	120	121	UGAAAA	QHHAAA	OOOOxx
+5909	4931	1	1	9	9	9	909	1909	909	5909	18	19	HTAAAA	RHHAAA	VVVVxx
+4518	4932	0	2	8	18	18	518	518	4518	4518	36	37	URAAAA	SHHAAA	AAAAxx
+7530	4933	0	2	0	10	30	530	1530	2530	7530	60	61	QDAAAA	THHAAA	HHHHxx
+3900	4934	0	0	0	0	0	900	1900	3900	3900	0	1	AUAAAA	UHHAAA	OOOOxx
+3969	4935	1	1	9	9	69	969	1969	3969	3969	138	139	RWAAAA	VHHAAA	VVVVxx
+8690	4936	0	2	0	10	90	690	690	3690	8690	180	181	GWAAAA	WHHAAA	AAAAxx
+5532	4937	0	0	2	12	32	532	1532	532	5532	64	65	UEAAAA	XHHAAA	HHHHxx
+5989	4938	1	1	9	9	89	989	1989	989	5989	178	179	JWAAAA	YHHAAA	OOOOxx
+1870	4939	0	2	0	10	70	870	1870	1870	1870	140	141	YTAAAA	ZHHAAA	VVVVxx
+1113	4940	1	1	3	13	13	113	1113	1113	1113	26	27	VQAAAA	AIHAAA	AAAAxx
+5155	4941	1	3	5	15	55	155	1155	155	5155	110	111	HQAAAA	BIHAAA	HHHHxx
+7460	4942	0	0	0	0	60	460	1460	2460	7460	120	121	YAAAAA	CIHAAA	OOOOxx
+6217	4943	1	1	7	17	17	217	217	1217	6217	34	35	DFAAAA	DIHAAA	VVVVxx
+8333	4944	1	1	3	13	33	333	333	3333	8333	66	67	NIAAAA	EIHAAA	AAAAxx
+6341	4945	1	1	1	1	41	341	341	1341	6341	82	83	XJAAAA	FIHAAA	HHHHxx
+6230	4946	0	2	0	10	30	230	230	1230	6230	60	61	QFAAAA	GIHAAA	OOOOxx
+6902	4947	0	2	2	2	2	902	902	1902	6902	4	5	MFAAAA	HIHAAA	VVVVxx
+670	4948	0	2	0	10	70	670	670	670	670	140	141	UZAAAA	IIHAAA	AAAAxx
+805	4949	1	1	5	5	5	805	805	805	805	10	11	ZEAAAA	JIHAAA	HHHHxx
+1340	4950	0	0	0	0	40	340	1340	1340	1340	80	81	OZAAAA	KIHAAA	OOOOxx
+8649	4951	1	1	9	9	49	649	649	3649	8649	98	99	RUAAAA	LIHAAA	VVVVxx
+3887	4952	1	3	7	7	87	887	1887	3887	3887	174	175	NTAAAA	MIHAAA	AAAAxx
+5400	4953	0	0	0	0	0	400	1400	400	5400	0	1	SZAAAA	NIHAAA	HHHHxx
+4354	4954	0	2	4	14	54	354	354	4354	4354	108	109	MLAAAA	OIHAAA	OOOOxx
+950	4955	0	2	0	10	50	950	950	950	950	100	101	OKAAAA	PIHAAA	VVVVxx
+1544	4956	0	0	4	4	44	544	1544	1544	1544	88	89	KHAAAA	QIHAAA	AAAAxx
+3898	4957	0	2	8	18	98	898	1898	3898	3898	196	197	YTAAAA	RIHAAA	HHHHxx
+8038	4958	0	2	8	18	38	38	38	3038	8038	76	77	EXAAAA	SIHAAA	OOOOxx
+1095	4959	1	3	5	15	95	95	1095	1095	1095	190	191	DQAAAA	TIHAAA	VVVVxx
+1748	4960	0	0	8	8	48	748	1748	1748	1748	96	97	GPAAAA	UIHAAA	AAAAxx
+9154	4961	0	2	4	14	54	154	1154	4154	9154	108	109	COAAAA	VIHAAA	HHHHxx
+2182	4962	0	2	2	2	82	182	182	2182	2182	164	165	YFAAAA	WIHAAA	OOOOxx
+6797	4963	1	1	7	17	97	797	797	1797	6797	194	195	LBAAAA	XIHAAA	VVVVxx
+9149	4964	1	1	9	9	49	149	1149	4149	9149	98	99	XNAAAA	YIHAAA	AAAAxx
+7351	4965	1	3	1	11	51	351	1351	2351	7351	102	103	TWAAAA	ZIHAAA	HHHHxx
+2820	4966	0	0	0	0	20	820	820	2820	2820	40	41	MEAAAA	AJHAAA	OOOOxx
+9696	4967	0	0	6	16	96	696	1696	4696	9696	192	193	YIAAAA	BJHAAA	VVVVxx
+253	4968	1	1	3	13	53	253	253	253	253	106	107	TJAAAA	CJHAAA	AAAAxx
+3600	4969	0	0	0	0	0	600	1600	3600	3600	0	1	MIAAAA	DJHAAA	HHHHxx
+3892	4970	0	0	2	12	92	892	1892	3892	3892	184	185	STAAAA	EJHAAA	OOOOxx
+231	4971	1	3	1	11	31	231	231	231	231	62	63	XIAAAA	FJHAAA	VVVVxx
+8331	4972	1	3	1	11	31	331	331	3331	8331	62	63	LIAAAA	GJHAAA	AAAAxx
+403	4973	1	3	3	3	3	403	403	403	403	6	7	NPAAAA	HJHAAA	HHHHxx
+8642	4974	0	2	2	2	42	642	642	3642	8642	84	85	KUAAAA	IJHAAA	OOOOxx
+3118	4975	0	2	8	18	18	118	1118	3118	3118	36	37	YPAAAA	JJHAAA	VVVVxx
+3835	4976	1	3	5	15	35	835	1835	3835	3835	70	71	NRAAAA	KJHAAA	AAAAxx
+1117	4977	1	1	7	17	17	117	1117	1117	1117	34	35	ZQAAAA	LJHAAA	HHHHxx
+7024	4978	0	0	4	4	24	24	1024	2024	7024	48	49	EKAAAA	MJHAAA	OOOOxx
+2636	4979	0	0	6	16	36	636	636	2636	2636	72	73	KXAAAA	NJHAAA	VVVVxx
+3778	4980	0	2	8	18	78	778	1778	3778	3778	156	157	IPAAAA	OJHAAA	AAAAxx
+2003	4981	1	3	3	3	3	3	3	2003	2003	6	7	BZAAAA	PJHAAA	HHHHxx
+5717	4982	1	1	7	17	17	717	1717	717	5717	34	35	XLAAAA	QJHAAA	OOOOxx
+4869	4983	1	1	9	9	69	869	869	4869	4869	138	139	HFAAAA	RJHAAA	VVVVxx
+8921	4984	1	1	1	1	21	921	921	3921	8921	42	43	DFAAAA	SJHAAA	AAAAxx
+888	4985	0	0	8	8	88	888	888	888	888	176	177	EIAAAA	TJHAAA	HHHHxx
+7599	4986	1	3	9	19	99	599	1599	2599	7599	198	199	HGAAAA	UJHAAA	OOOOxx
+8621	4987	1	1	1	1	21	621	621	3621	8621	42	43	PTAAAA	VJHAAA	VVVVxx
+811	4988	1	3	1	11	11	811	811	811	811	22	23	FFAAAA	WJHAAA	AAAAxx
+9147	4989	1	3	7	7	47	147	1147	4147	9147	94	95	VNAAAA	XJHAAA	HHHHxx
+1413	4990	1	1	3	13	13	413	1413	1413	1413	26	27	JCAAAA	YJHAAA	OOOOxx
+5232	4991	0	0	2	12	32	232	1232	232	5232	64	65	GTAAAA	ZJHAAA	VVVVxx
+5912	4992	0	0	2	12	12	912	1912	912	5912	24	25	KTAAAA	AKHAAA	AAAAxx
+3418	4993	0	2	8	18	18	418	1418	3418	3418	36	37	MBAAAA	BKHAAA	HHHHxx
+3912	4994	0	0	2	12	12	912	1912	3912	3912	24	25	MUAAAA	CKHAAA	OOOOxx
+9576	4995	0	0	6	16	76	576	1576	4576	9576	152	153	IEAAAA	DKHAAA	VVVVxx
+4225	4996	1	1	5	5	25	225	225	4225	4225	50	51	NGAAAA	EKHAAA	AAAAxx
+8222	4997	0	2	2	2	22	222	222	3222	8222	44	45	GEAAAA	FKHAAA	HHHHxx
+7013	4998	1	1	3	13	13	13	1013	2013	7013	26	27	TJAAAA	GKHAAA	OOOOxx
+7037	4999	1	1	7	17	37	37	1037	2037	7037	74	75	RKAAAA	HKHAAA	VVVVxx
+1205	5000	1	1	5	5	5	205	1205	1205	1205	10	11	JUAAAA	IKHAAA	AAAAxx
+8114	5001	0	2	4	14	14	114	114	3114	8114	28	29	CAAAAA	JKHAAA	HHHHxx
+6585	5002	1	1	5	5	85	585	585	1585	6585	170	171	HTAAAA	KKHAAA	OOOOxx
+155	5003	1	3	5	15	55	155	155	155	155	110	111	ZFAAAA	LKHAAA	VVVVxx
+2841	5004	1	1	1	1	41	841	841	2841	2841	82	83	HFAAAA	MKHAAA	AAAAxx
+1996	5005	0	0	6	16	96	996	1996	1996	1996	192	193	UYAAAA	NKHAAA	HHHHxx
+4948	5006	0	0	8	8	48	948	948	4948	4948	96	97	IIAAAA	OKHAAA	OOOOxx
+3304	5007	0	0	4	4	4	304	1304	3304	3304	8	9	CXAAAA	PKHAAA	VVVVxx
+5684	5008	0	0	4	4	84	684	1684	684	5684	168	169	QKAAAA	QKHAAA	AAAAxx
+6962	5009	0	2	2	2	62	962	962	1962	6962	124	125	UHAAAA	RKHAAA	HHHHxx
+8691	5010	1	3	1	11	91	691	691	3691	8691	182	183	HWAAAA	SKHAAA	OOOOxx
+8501	5011	1	1	1	1	1	501	501	3501	8501	2	3	ZOAAAA	TKHAAA	VVVVxx
+4783	5012	1	3	3	3	83	783	783	4783	4783	166	167	ZBAAAA	UKHAAA	AAAAxx
+3762	5013	0	2	2	2	62	762	1762	3762	3762	124	125	SOAAAA	VKHAAA	HHHHxx
+4534	5014	0	2	4	14	34	534	534	4534	4534	68	69	KSAAAA	WKHAAA	OOOOxx
+4999	5015	1	3	9	19	99	999	999	4999	4999	198	199	HKAAAA	XKHAAA	VVVVxx
+4618	5016	0	2	8	18	18	618	618	4618	4618	36	37	QVAAAA	YKHAAA	AAAAxx
+4220	5017	0	0	0	0	20	220	220	4220	4220	40	41	IGAAAA	ZKHAAA	HHHHxx
+3384	5018	0	0	4	4	84	384	1384	3384	3384	168	169	EAAAAA	ALHAAA	OOOOxx
+3036	5019	0	0	6	16	36	36	1036	3036	3036	72	73	UMAAAA	BLHAAA	VVVVxx
+545	5020	1	1	5	5	45	545	545	545	545	90	91	ZUAAAA	CLHAAA	AAAAxx
+9946	5021	0	2	6	6	46	946	1946	4946	9946	92	93	OSAAAA	DLHAAA	HHHHxx
+1985	5022	1	1	5	5	85	985	1985	1985	1985	170	171	JYAAAA	ELHAAA	OOOOxx
+2310	5023	0	2	0	10	10	310	310	2310	2310	20	21	WKAAAA	FLHAAA	VVVVxx
+6563	5024	1	3	3	3	63	563	563	1563	6563	126	127	LSAAAA	GLHAAA	AAAAxx
+4886	5025	0	2	6	6	86	886	886	4886	4886	172	173	YFAAAA	HLHAAA	HHHHxx
+9359	5026	1	3	9	19	59	359	1359	4359	9359	118	119	ZVAAAA	ILHAAA	OOOOxx
+400	5027	0	0	0	0	0	400	400	400	400	0	1	KPAAAA	JLHAAA	VVVVxx
+9742	5028	0	2	2	2	42	742	1742	4742	9742	84	85	SKAAAA	KLHAAA	AAAAxx
+6736	5029	0	0	6	16	36	736	736	1736	6736	72	73	CZAAAA	LLHAAA	HHHHxx
+8166	5030	0	2	6	6	66	166	166	3166	8166	132	133	CCAAAA	MLHAAA	OOOOxx
+861	5031	1	1	1	1	61	861	861	861	861	122	123	DHAAAA	NLHAAA	VVVVxx
+7492	5032	0	0	2	12	92	492	1492	2492	7492	184	185	ECAAAA	OLHAAA	AAAAxx
+1155	5033	1	3	5	15	55	155	1155	1155	1155	110	111	LSAAAA	PLHAAA	HHHHxx
+9769	5034	1	1	9	9	69	769	1769	4769	9769	138	139	TLAAAA	QLHAAA	OOOOxx
+6843	5035	1	3	3	3	43	843	843	1843	6843	86	87	FDAAAA	RLHAAA	VVVVxx
+5625	5036	1	1	5	5	25	625	1625	625	5625	50	51	JIAAAA	SLHAAA	AAAAxx
+1910	5037	0	2	0	10	10	910	1910	1910	1910	20	21	MVAAAA	TLHAAA	HHHHxx
+9796	5038	0	0	6	16	96	796	1796	4796	9796	192	193	UMAAAA	ULHAAA	OOOOxx
+6950	5039	0	2	0	10	50	950	950	1950	6950	100	101	IHAAAA	VLHAAA	VVVVxx
+3084	5040	0	0	4	4	84	84	1084	3084	3084	168	169	QOAAAA	WLHAAA	AAAAxx
+2959	5041	1	3	9	19	59	959	959	2959	2959	118	119	VJAAAA	XLHAAA	HHHHxx
+2093	5042	1	1	3	13	93	93	93	2093	2093	186	187	NCAAAA	YLHAAA	OOOOxx
+2738	5043	0	2	8	18	38	738	738	2738	2738	76	77	IBAAAA	ZLHAAA	VVVVxx
+6406	5044	0	2	6	6	6	406	406	1406	6406	12	13	KMAAAA	AMHAAA	AAAAxx
+9082	5045	0	2	2	2	82	82	1082	4082	9082	164	165	ILAAAA	BMHAAA	HHHHxx
+8568	5046	0	0	8	8	68	568	568	3568	8568	136	137	ORAAAA	CMHAAA	OOOOxx
+3566	5047	0	2	6	6	66	566	1566	3566	3566	132	133	EHAAAA	DMHAAA	VVVVxx
+3016	5048	0	0	6	16	16	16	1016	3016	3016	32	33	AMAAAA	EMHAAA	AAAAxx
+1207	5049	1	3	7	7	7	207	1207	1207	1207	14	15	LUAAAA	FMHAAA	HHHHxx
+4045	5050	1	1	5	5	45	45	45	4045	4045	90	91	PZAAAA	GMHAAA	OOOOxx
+4173	5051	1	1	3	13	73	173	173	4173	4173	146	147	NEAAAA	HMHAAA	VVVVxx
+3939	5052	1	3	9	19	39	939	1939	3939	3939	78	79	NVAAAA	IMHAAA	AAAAxx
+9683	5053	1	3	3	3	83	683	1683	4683	9683	166	167	LIAAAA	JMHAAA	HHHHxx
+1684	5054	0	0	4	4	84	684	1684	1684	1684	168	169	UMAAAA	KMHAAA	OOOOxx
+9271	5055	1	3	1	11	71	271	1271	4271	9271	142	143	PSAAAA	LMHAAA	VVVVxx
+9317	5056	1	1	7	17	17	317	1317	4317	9317	34	35	JUAAAA	MMHAAA	AAAAxx
+5793	5057	1	1	3	13	93	793	1793	793	5793	186	187	VOAAAA	NMHAAA	HHHHxx
+352	5058	0	0	2	12	52	352	352	352	352	104	105	ONAAAA	OMHAAA	OOOOxx
+7328	5059	0	0	8	8	28	328	1328	2328	7328	56	57	WVAAAA	PMHAAA	VVVVxx
+4582	5060	0	2	2	2	82	582	582	4582	4582	164	165	GUAAAA	QMHAAA	AAAAxx
+7413	5061	1	1	3	13	13	413	1413	2413	7413	26	27	DZAAAA	RMHAAA	HHHHxx
+6772	5062	0	0	2	12	72	772	772	1772	6772	144	145	MAAAAA	SMHAAA	OOOOxx
+4973	5063	1	1	3	13	73	973	973	4973	4973	146	147	HJAAAA	TMHAAA	VVVVxx
+7480	5064	0	0	0	0	80	480	1480	2480	7480	160	161	SBAAAA	UMHAAA	AAAAxx
+5555	5065	1	3	5	15	55	555	1555	555	5555	110	111	RFAAAA	VMHAAA	HHHHxx
+4227	5066	1	3	7	7	27	227	227	4227	4227	54	55	PGAAAA	WMHAAA	OOOOxx
+4153	5067	1	1	3	13	53	153	153	4153	4153	106	107	TDAAAA	XMHAAA	VVVVxx
+4601	5068	1	1	1	1	1	601	601	4601	4601	2	3	ZUAAAA	YMHAAA	AAAAxx
+3782	5069	0	2	2	2	82	782	1782	3782	3782	164	165	MPAAAA	ZMHAAA	HHHHxx
+3872	5070	0	0	2	12	72	872	1872	3872	3872	144	145	YSAAAA	ANHAAA	OOOOxx
+893	5071	1	1	3	13	93	893	893	893	893	186	187	JIAAAA	BNHAAA	VVVVxx
+2430	5072	0	2	0	10	30	430	430	2430	2430	60	61	MPAAAA	CNHAAA	AAAAxx
+2591	5073	1	3	1	11	91	591	591	2591	2591	182	183	RVAAAA	DNHAAA	HHHHxx
+264	5074	0	0	4	4	64	264	264	264	264	128	129	EKAAAA	ENHAAA	OOOOxx
+6238	5075	0	2	8	18	38	238	238	1238	6238	76	77	YFAAAA	FNHAAA	VVVVxx
+633	5076	1	1	3	13	33	633	633	633	633	66	67	JYAAAA	GNHAAA	AAAAxx
+1029	5077	1	1	9	9	29	29	1029	1029	1029	58	59	PNAAAA	HNHAAA	HHHHxx
+5934	5078	0	2	4	14	34	934	1934	934	5934	68	69	GUAAAA	INHAAA	OOOOxx
+8694	5079	0	2	4	14	94	694	694	3694	8694	188	189	KWAAAA	JNHAAA	VVVVxx
+7401	5080	1	1	1	1	1	401	1401	2401	7401	2	3	RYAAAA	KNHAAA	AAAAxx
+1165	5081	1	1	5	5	65	165	1165	1165	1165	130	131	VSAAAA	LNHAAA	HHHHxx
+9438	5082	0	2	8	18	38	438	1438	4438	9438	76	77	AZAAAA	MNHAAA	OOOOxx
+4790	5083	0	2	0	10	90	790	790	4790	4790	180	181	GCAAAA	NNHAAA	VVVVxx
+4531	5084	1	3	1	11	31	531	531	4531	4531	62	63	HSAAAA	ONHAAA	AAAAxx
+6099	5085	1	3	9	19	99	99	99	1099	6099	198	199	PAAAAA	PNHAAA	HHHHxx
+8236	5086	0	0	6	16	36	236	236	3236	8236	72	73	UEAAAA	QNHAAA	OOOOxx
+8551	5087	1	3	1	11	51	551	551	3551	8551	102	103	XQAAAA	RNHAAA	VVVVxx
+3128	5088	0	0	8	8	28	128	1128	3128	3128	56	57	IQAAAA	SNHAAA	AAAAxx
+3504	5089	0	0	4	4	4	504	1504	3504	3504	8	9	UEAAAA	TNHAAA	HHHHxx
+9071	5090	1	3	1	11	71	71	1071	4071	9071	142	143	XKAAAA	UNHAAA	OOOOxx
+5930	5091	0	2	0	10	30	930	1930	930	5930	60	61	CUAAAA	VNHAAA	VVVVxx
+6825	5092	1	1	5	5	25	825	825	1825	6825	50	51	NCAAAA	WNHAAA	AAAAxx
+2218	5093	0	2	8	18	18	218	218	2218	2218	36	37	IHAAAA	XNHAAA	HHHHxx
+3604	5094	0	0	4	4	4	604	1604	3604	3604	8	9	QIAAAA	YNHAAA	OOOOxx
+5761	5095	1	1	1	1	61	761	1761	761	5761	122	123	PNAAAA	ZNHAAA	VVVVxx
+5414	5096	0	2	4	14	14	414	1414	414	5414	28	29	GAAAAA	AOHAAA	AAAAxx
+5892	5097	0	0	2	12	92	892	1892	892	5892	184	185	QSAAAA	BOHAAA	HHHHxx
+4080	5098	0	0	0	0	80	80	80	4080	4080	160	161	YAAAAA	COHAAA	OOOOxx
+8018	5099	0	2	8	18	18	18	18	3018	8018	36	37	KWAAAA	DOHAAA	VVVVxx
+1757	5100	1	1	7	17	57	757	1757	1757	1757	114	115	PPAAAA	EOHAAA	AAAAxx
+5854	5101	0	2	4	14	54	854	1854	854	5854	108	109	ERAAAA	FOHAAA	HHHHxx
+1335	5102	1	3	5	15	35	335	1335	1335	1335	70	71	JZAAAA	GOHAAA	OOOOxx
+3811	5103	1	3	1	11	11	811	1811	3811	3811	22	23	PQAAAA	HOHAAA	VVVVxx
+9917	5104	1	1	7	17	17	917	1917	4917	9917	34	35	LRAAAA	IOHAAA	AAAAxx
+5947	5105	1	3	7	7	47	947	1947	947	5947	94	95	TUAAAA	JOHAAA	HHHHxx
+7263	5106	1	3	3	3	63	263	1263	2263	7263	126	127	JTAAAA	KOHAAA	OOOOxx
+1730	5107	0	2	0	10	30	730	1730	1730	1730	60	61	OOAAAA	LOHAAA	VVVVxx
+5747	5108	1	3	7	7	47	747	1747	747	5747	94	95	BNAAAA	MOHAAA	AAAAxx
+3876	5109	0	0	6	16	76	876	1876	3876	3876	152	153	CTAAAA	NOHAAA	HHHHxx
+2762	5110	0	2	2	2	62	762	762	2762	2762	124	125	GCAAAA	OOHAAA	OOOOxx
+7613	5111	1	1	3	13	13	613	1613	2613	7613	26	27	VGAAAA	POHAAA	VVVVxx
+152	5112	0	0	2	12	52	152	152	152	152	104	105	WFAAAA	QOHAAA	AAAAxx
+3941	5113	1	1	1	1	41	941	1941	3941	3941	82	83	PVAAAA	ROHAAA	HHHHxx
+5614	5114	0	2	4	14	14	614	1614	614	5614	28	29	YHAAAA	SOHAAA	OOOOxx
+9279	5115	1	3	9	19	79	279	1279	4279	9279	158	159	XSAAAA	TOHAAA	VVVVxx
+3048	5116	0	0	8	8	48	48	1048	3048	3048	96	97	GNAAAA	UOHAAA	AAAAxx
+6152	5117	0	0	2	12	52	152	152	1152	6152	104	105	QCAAAA	VOHAAA	HHHHxx
+5481	5118	1	1	1	1	81	481	1481	481	5481	162	163	VCAAAA	WOHAAA	OOOOxx
+4675	5119	1	3	5	15	75	675	675	4675	4675	150	151	VXAAAA	XOHAAA	VVVVxx
+3334	5120	0	2	4	14	34	334	1334	3334	3334	68	69	GYAAAA	YOHAAA	AAAAxx
+4691	5121	1	3	1	11	91	691	691	4691	4691	182	183	LYAAAA	ZOHAAA	HHHHxx
+803	5122	1	3	3	3	3	803	803	803	803	6	7	XEAAAA	APHAAA	OOOOxx
+5409	5123	1	1	9	9	9	409	1409	409	5409	18	19	BAAAAA	BPHAAA	VVVVxx
+1054	5124	0	2	4	14	54	54	1054	1054	1054	108	109	OOAAAA	CPHAAA	AAAAxx
+103	5125	1	3	3	3	3	103	103	103	103	6	7	ZDAAAA	DPHAAA	HHHHxx
+8565	5126	1	1	5	5	65	565	565	3565	8565	130	131	LRAAAA	EPHAAA	OOOOxx
+4666	5127	0	2	6	6	66	666	666	4666	4666	132	133	MXAAAA	FPHAAA	VVVVxx
+6634	5128	0	2	4	14	34	634	634	1634	6634	68	69	EVAAAA	GPHAAA	AAAAxx
+5538	5129	0	2	8	18	38	538	1538	538	5538	76	77	AFAAAA	HPHAAA	HHHHxx
+3789	5130	1	1	9	9	89	789	1789	3789	3789	178	179	TPAAAA	IPHAAA	OOOOxx
+4641	5131	1	1	1	1	41	641	641	4641	4641	82	83	NWAAAA	JPHAAA	VVVVxx
+2458	5132	0	2	8	18	58	458	458	2458	2458	116	117	OQAAAA	KPHAAA	AAAAxx
+5667	5133	1	3	7	7	67	667	1667	667	5667	134	135	ZJAAAA	LPHAAA	HHHHxx
+6524	5134	0	0	4	4	24	524	524	1524	6524	48	49	YQAAAA	MPHAAA	OOOOxx
+9179	5135	1	3	9	19	79	179	1179	4179	9179	158	159	BPAAAA	NPHAAA	VVVVxx
+6358	5136	0	2	8	18	58	358	358	1358	6358	116	117	OKAAAA	OPHAAA	AAAAxx
+6668	5137	0	0	8	8	68	668	668	1668	6668	136	137	MWAAAA	PPHAAA	HHHHxx
+6414	5138	0	2	4	14	14	414	414	1414	6414	28	29	SMAAAA	QPHAAA	OOOOxx
+2813	5139	1	1	3	13	13	813	813	2813	2813	26	27	FEAAAA	RPHAAA	VVVVxx
+8927	5140	1	3	7	7	27	927	927	3927	8927	54	55	JFAAAA	SPHAAA	AAAAxx
+8695	5141	1	3	5	15	95	695	695	3695	8695	190	191	LWAAAA	TPHAAA	HHHHxx
+363	5142	1	3	3	3	63	363	363	363	363	126	127	ZNAAAA	UPHAAA	OOOOxx
+9966	5143	0	2	6	6	66	966	1966	4966	9966	132	133	ITAAAA	VPHAAA	VVVVxx
+1323	5144	1	3	3	3	23	323	1323	1323	1323	46	47	XYAAAA	WPHAAA	AAAAxx
+8211	5145	1	3	1	11	11	211	211	3211	8211	22	23	VDAAAA	XPHAAA	HHHHxx
+4375	5146	1	3	5	15	75	375	375	4375	4375	150	151	HMAAAA	YPHAAA	OOOOxx
+3257	5147	1	1	7	17	57	257	1257	3257	3257	114	115	HVAAAA	ZPHAAA	VVVVxx
+6239	5148	1	3	9	19	39	239	239	1239	6239	78	79	ZFAAAA	AQHAAA	AAAAxx
+3602	5149	0	2	2	2	2	602	1602	3602	3602	4	5	OIAAAA	BQHAAA	HHHHxx
+9830	5150	0	2	0	10	30	830	1830	4830	9830	60	61	COAAAA	CQHAAA	OOOOxx
+7826	5151	0	2	6	6	26	826	1826	2826	7826	52	53	APAAAA	DQHAAA	VVVVxx
+2108	5152	0	0	8	8	8	108	108	2108	2108	16	17	CDAAAA	EQHAAA	AAAAxx
+7245	5153	1	1	5	5	45	245	1245	2245	7245	90	91	RSAAAA	FQHAAA	HHHHxx
+8330	5154	0	2	0	10	30	330	330	3330	8330	60	61	KIAAAA	GQHAAA	OOOOxx
+7441	5155	1	1	1	1	41	441	1441	2441	7441	82	83	FAAAAA	HQHAAA	VVVVxx
+9848	5156	0	0	8	8	48	848	1848	4848	9848	96	97	UOAAAA	IQHAAA	AAAAxx
+1226	5157	0	2	6	6	26	226	1226	1226	1226	52	53	EVAAAA	JQHAAA	HHHHxx
+414	5158	0	2	4	14	14	414	414	414	414	28	29	YPAAAA	KQHAAA	OOOOxx
+1273	5159	1	1	3	13	73	273	1273	1273	1273	146	147	ZWAAAA	LQHAAA	VVVVxx
+9866	5160	0	2	6	6	66	866	1866	4866	9866	132	133	MPAAAA	MQHAAA	AAAAxx
+4633	5161	1	1	3	13	33	633	633	4633	4633	66	67	FWAAAA	NQHAAA	HHHHxx
+8727	5162	1	3	7	7	27	727	727	3727	8727	54	55	RXAAAA	OQHAAA	OOOOxx
+5308	5163	0	0	8	8	8	308	1308	308	5308	16	17	EWAAAA	PQHAAA	VVVVxx
+1395	5164	1	3	5	15	95	395	1395	1395	1395	190	191	RBAAAA	QQHAAA	AAAAxx
+1825	5165	1	1	5	5	25	825	1825	1825	1825	50	51	FSAAAA	RQHAAA	HHHHxx
+7606	5166	0	2	6	6	6	606	1606	2606	7606	12	13	OGAAAA	SQHAAA	OOOOxx
+9390	5167	0	2	0	10	90	390	1390	4390	9390	180	181	EXAAAA	TQHAAA	VVVVxx
+2376	5168	0	0	6	16	76	376	376	2376	2376	152	153	KNAAAA	UQHAAA	AAAAxx
+2377	5169	1	1	7	17	77	377	377	2377	2377	154	155	LNAAAA	VQHAAA	HHHHxx
+5346	5170	0	2	6	6	46	346	1346	346	5346	92	93	QXAAAA	WQHAAA	OOOOxx
+4140	5171	0	0	0	0	40	140	140	4140	4140	80	81	GDAAAA	XQHAAA	VVVVxx
+6032	5172	0	0	2	12	32	32	32	1032	6032	64	65	AYAAAA	YQHAAA	AAAAxx
+9453	5173	1	1	3	13	53	453	1453	4453	9453	106	107	PZAAAA	ZQHAAA	HHHHxx
+9297	5174	1	1	7	17	97	297	1297	4297	9297	194	195	PTAAAA	ARHAAA	OOOOxx
+6455	5175	1	3	5	15	55	455	455	1455	6455	110	111	HOAAAA	BRHAAA	VVVVxx
+4458	5176	0	2	8	18	58	458	458	4458	4458	116	117	MPAAAA	CRHAAA	AAAAxx
+9516	5177	0	0	6	16	16	516	1516	4516	9516	32	33	ACAAAA	DRHAAA	HHHHxx
+6211	5178	1	3	1	11	11	211	211	1211	6211	22	23	XEAAAA	ERHAAA	OOOOxx
+526	5179	0	2	6	6	26	526	526	526	526	52	53	GUAAAA	FRHAAA	VVVVxx
+3570	5180	0	2	0	10	70	570	1570	3570	3570	140	141	IHAAAA	GRHAAA	AAAAxx
+4885	5181	1	1	5	5	85	885	885	4885	4885	170	171	XFAAAA	HRHAAA	HHHHxx
+6390	5182	0	2	0	10	90	390	390	1390	6390	180	181	ULAAAA	IRHAAA	OOOOxx
+1606	5183	0	2	6	6	6	606	1606	1606	1606	12	13	UJAAAA	JRHAAA	VVVVxx
+7850	5184	0	2	0	10	50	850	1850	2850	7850	100	101	YPAAAA	KRHAAA	AAAAxx
+3315	5185	1	3	5	15	15	315	1315	3315	3315	30	31	NXAAAA	LRHAAA	HHHHxx
+8322	5186	0	2	2	2	22	322	322	3322	8322	44	45	CIAAAA	MRHAAA	OOOOxx
+3703	5187	1	3	3	3	3	703	1703	3703	3703	6	7	LMAAAA	NRHAAA	VVVVxx
+9489	5188	1	1	9	9	89	489	1489	4489	9489	178	179	ZAAAAA	ORHAAA	AAAAxx
+6104	5189	0	0	4	4	4	104	104	1104	6104	8	9	UAAAAA	PRHAAA	HHHHxx
+3067	5190	1	3	7	7	67	67	1067	3067	3067	134	135	ZNAAAA	QRHAAA	OOOOxx
+2521	5191	1	1	1	1	21	521	521	2521	2521	42	43	ZSAAAA	RRHAAA	VVVVxx
+2581	5192	1	1	1	1	81	581	581	2581	2581	162	163	HVAAAA	SRHAAA	AAAAxx
+595	5193	1	3	5	15	95	595	595	595	595	190	191	XWAAAA	TRHAAA	HHHHxx
+8291	5194	1	3	1	11	91	291	291	3291	8291	182	183	XGAAAA	URHAAA	OOOOxx
+1727	5195	1	3	7	7	27	727	1727	1727	1727	54	55	LOAAAA	VRHAAA	VVVVxx
+6847	5196	1	3	7	7	47	847	847	1847	6847	94	95	JDAAAA	WRHAAA	AAAAxx
+7494	5197	0	2	4	14	94	494	1494	2494	7494	188	189	GCAAAA	XRHAAA	HHHHxx
+7093	5198	1	1	3	13	93	93	1093	2093	7093	186	187	VMAAAA	YRHAAA	OOOOxx
+7357	5199	1	1	7	17	57	357	1357	2357	7357	114	115	ZWAAAA	ZRHAAA	VVVVxx
+620	5200	0	0	0	0	20	620	620	620	620	40	41	WXAAAA	ASHAAA	AAAAxx
+2460	5201	0	0	0	0	60	460	460	2460	2460	120	121	QQAAAA	BSHAAA	HHHHxx
+1598	5202	0	2	8	18	98	598	1598	1598	1598	196	197	MJAAAA	CSHAAA	OOOOxx
+4112	5203	0	0	2	12	12	112	112	4112	4112	24	25	ECAAAA	DSHAAA	VVVVxx
+2956	5204	0	0	6	16	56	956	956	2956	2956	112	113	SJAAAA	ESHAAA	AAAAxx
+3193	5205	1	1	3	13	93	193	1193	3193	3193	186	187	VSAAAA	FSHAAA	HHHHxx
+6356	5206	0	0	6	16	56	356	356	1356	6356	112	113	MKAAAA	GSHAAA	OOOOxx
+730	5207	0	2	0	10	30	730	730	730	730	60	61	CCAAAA	HSHAAA	VVVVxx
+8826	5208	0	2	6	6	26	826	826	3826	8826	52	53	MBAAAA	ISHAAA	AAAAxx
+9036	5209	0	0	6	16	36	36	1036	4036	9036	72	73	OJAAAA	JSHAAA	HHHHxx
+2085	5210	1	1	5	5	85	85	85	2085	2085	170	171	FCAAAA	KSHAAA	OOOOxx
+9007	5211	1	3	7	7	7	7	1007	4007	9007	14	15	LIAAAA	LSHAAA	VVVVxx
+6047	5212	1	3	7	7	47	47	47	1047	6047	94	95	PYAAAA	MSHAAA	AAAAxx
+3953	5213	1	1	3	13	53	953	1953	3953	3953	106	107	BWAAAA	NSHAAA	HHHHxx
+1214	5214	0	2	4	14	14	214	1214	1214	1214	28	29	SUAAAA	OSHAAA	OOOOxx
+4814	5215	0	2	4	14	14	814	814	4814	4814	28	29	EDAAAA	PSHAAA	VVVVxx
+5738	5216	0	2	8	18	38	738	1738	738	5738	76	77	SMAAAA	QSHAAA	AAAAxx
+7176	5217	0	0	6	16	76	176	1176	2176	7176	152	153	AQAAAA	RSHAAA	HHHHxx
+3609	5218	1	1	9	9	9	609	1609	3609	3609	18	19	VIAAAA	SSHAAA	OOOOxx
+592	5219	0	0	2	12	92	592	592	592	592	184	185	UWAAAA	TSHAAA	VVVVxx
+9391	5220	1	3	1	11	91	391	1391	4391	9391	182	183	FXAAAA	USHAAA	AAAAxx
+5345	5221	1	1	5	5	45	345	1345	345	5345	90	91	PXAAAA	VSHAAA	HHHHxx
+1171	5222	1	3	1	11	71	171	1171	1171	1171	142	143	BTAAAA	WSHAAA	OOOOxx
+7238	5223	0	2	8	18	38	238	1238	2238	7238	76	77	KSAAAA	XSHAAA	VVVVxx
+7561	5224	1	1	1	1	61	561	1561	2561	7561	122	123	VEAAAA	YSHAAA	AAAAxx
+5876	5225	0	0	6	16	76	876	1876	876	5876	152	153	ASAAAA	ZSHAAA	HHHHxx
+6611	5226	1	3	1	11	11	611	611	1611	6611	22	23	HUAAAA	ATHAAA	OOOOxx
+7300	5227	0	0	0	0	0	300	1300	2300	7300	0	1	UUAAAA	BTHAAA	VVVVxx
+1506	5228	0	2	6	6	6	506	1506	1506	1506	12	13	YFAAAA	CTHAAA	AAAAxx
+1153	5229	1	1	3	13	53	153	1153	1153	1153	106	107	JSAAAA	DTHAAA	HHHHxx
+3831	5230	1	3	1	11	31	831	1831	3831	3831	62	63	JRAAAA	ETHAAA	OOOOxx
+9255	5231	1	3	5	15	55	255	1255	4255	9255	110	111	ZRAAAA	FTHAAA	VVVVxx
+1841	5232	1	1	1	1	41	841	1841	1841	1841	82	83	VSAAAA	GTHAAA	AAAAxx
+5075	5233	1	3	5	15	75	75	1075	75	5075	150	151	FNAAAA	HTHAAA	HHHHxx
+101	5234	1	1	1	1	1	101	101	101	101	2	3	XDAAAA	ITHAAA	OOOOxx
+2627	5235	1	3	7	7	27	627	627	2627	2627	54	55	BXAAAA	JTHAAA	VVVVxx
+7078	5236	0	2	8	18	78	78	1078	2078	7078	156	157	GMAAAA	KTHAAA	AAAAxx
+2850	5237	0	2	0	10	50	850	850	2850	2850	100	101	QFAAAA	LTHAAA	HHHHxx
+8703	5238	1	3	3	3	3	703	703	3703	8703	6	7	TWAAAA	MTHAAA	OOOOxx
+4101	5239	1	1	1	1	1	101	101	4101	4101	2	3	TBAAAA	NTHAAA	VVVVxx
+318	5240	0	2	8	18	18	318	318	318	318	36	37	GMAAAA	OTHAAA	AAAAxx
+6452	5241	0	0	2	12	52	452	452	1452	6452	104	105	EOAAAA	PTHAAA	HHHHxx
+5558	5242	0	2	8	18	58	558	1558	558	5558	116	117	UFAAAA	QTHAAA	OOOOxx
+3127	5243	1	3	7	7	27	127	1127	3127	3127	54	55	HQAAAA	RTHAAA	VVVVxx
+535	5244	1	3	5	15	35	535	535	535	535	70	71	PUAAAA	STHAAA	AAAAxx
+270	5245	0	2	0	10	70	270	270	270	270	140	141	KKAAAA	TTHAAA	HHHHxx
+4038	5246	0	2	8	18	38	38	38	4038	4038	76	77	IZAAAA	UTHAAA	OOOOxx
+3404	5247	0	0	4	4	4	404	1404	3404	3404	8	9	YAAAAA	VTHAAA	VVVVxx
+2374	5248	0	2	4	14	74	374	374	2374	2374	148	149	INAAAA	WTHAAA	AAAAxx
+6446	5249	0	2	6	6	46	446	446	1446	6446	92	93	YNAAAA	XTHAAA	HHHHxx
+7758	5250	0	2	8	18	58	758	1758	2758	7758	116	117	KMAAAA	YTHAAA	OOOOxx
+356	5251	0	0	6	16	56	356	356	356	356	112	113	SNAAAA	ZTHAAA	VVVVxx
+9197	5252	1	1	7	17	97	197	1197	4197	9197	194	195	TPAAAA	AUHAAA	AAAAxx
+9765	5253	1	1	5	5	65	765	1765	4765	9765	130	131	PLAAAA	BUHAAA	HHHHxx
+4974	5254	0	2	4	14	74	974	974	4974	4974	148	149	IJAAAA	CUHAAA	OOOOxx
+442	5255	0	2	2	2	42	442	442	442	442	84	85	ARAAAA	DUHAAA	VVVVxx
+4349	5256	1	1	9	9	49	349	349	4349	4349	98	99	HLAAAA	EUHAAA	AAAAxx
+6119	5257	1	3	9	19	19	119	119	1119	6119	38	39	JBAAAA	FUHAAA	HHHHxx
+7574	5258	0	2	4	14	74	574	1574	2574	7574	148	149	IFAAAA	GUHAAA	OOOOxx
+4445	5259	1	1	5	5	45	445	445	4445	4445	90	91	ZOAAAA	HUHAAA	VVVVxx
+940	5260	0	0	0	0	40	940	940	940	940	80	81	EKAAAA	IUHAAA	AAAAxx
+1875	5261	1	3	5	15	75	875	1875	1875	1875	150	151	DUAAAA	JUHAAA	HHHHxx
+5951	5262	1	3	1	11	51	951	1951	951	5951	102	103	XUAAAA	KUHAAA	OOOOxx
+9132	5263	0	0	2	12	32	132	1132	4132	9132	64	65	GNAAAA	LUHAAA	VVVVxx
+6913	5264	1	1	3	13	13	913	913	1913	6913	26	27	XFAAAA	MUHAAA	AAAAxx
+3308	5265	0	0	8	8	8	308	1308	3308	3308	16	17	GXAAAA	NUHAAA	HHHHxx
+7553	5266	1	1	3	13	53	553	1553	2553	7553	106	107	NEAAAA	OUHAAA	OOOOxx
+2138	5267	0	2	8	18	38	138	138	2138	2138	76	77	GEAAAA	PUHAAA	VVVVxx
+6252	5268	0	0	2	12	52	252	252	1252	6252	104	105	MGAAAA	QUHAAA	AAAAxx
+2171	5269	1	3	1	11	71	171	171	2171	2171	142	143	NFAAAA	RUHAAA	HHHHxx
+4159	5270	1	3	9	19	59	159	159	4159	4159	118	119	ZDAAAA	SUHAAA	OOOOxx
+2401	5271	1	1	1	1	1	401	401	2401	2401	2	3	JOAAAA	TUHAAA	VVVVxx
+6553	5272	1	1	3	13	53	553	553	1553	6553	106	107	BSAAAA	UUHAAA	AAAAxx
+5217	5273	1	1	7	17	17	217	1217	217	5217	34	35	RSAAAA	VUHAAA	HHHHxx
+1405	5274	1	1	5	5	5	405	1405	1405	1405	10	11	BCAAAA	WUHAAA	OOOOxx
+1494	5275	0	2	4	14	94	494	1494	1494	1494	188	189	MFAAAA	XUHAAA	VVVVxx
+5553	5276	1	1	3	13	53	553	1553	553	5553	106	107	PFAAAA	YUHAAA	AAAAxx
+8296	5277	0	0	6	16	96	296	296	3296	8296	192	193	CHAAAA	ZUHAAA	HHHHxx
+6565	5278	1	1	5	5	65	565	565	1565	6565	130	131	NSAAAA	AVHAAA	OOOOxx
+817	5279	1	1	7	17	17	817	817	817	817	34	35	LFAAAA	BVHAAA	VVVVxx
+6947	5280	1	3	7	7	47	947	947	1947	6947	94	95	FHAAAA	CVHAAA	AAAAxx
+4184	5281	0	0	4	4	84	184	184	4184	4184	168	169	YEAAAA	DVHAAA	HHHHxx
+6577	5282	1	1	7	17	77	577	577	1577	6577	154	155	ZSAAAA	EVHAAA	OOOOxx
+6424	5283	0	0	4	4	24	424	424	1424	6424	48	49	CNAAAA	FVHAAA	VVVVxx
+2482	5284	0	2	2	2	82	482	482	2482	2482	164	165	MRAAAA	GVHAAA	AAAAxx
+6874	5285	0	2	4	14	74	874	874	1874	6874	148	149	KEAAAA	HVHAAA	HHHHxx
+7601	5286	1	1	1	1	1	601	1601	2601	7601	2	3	JGAAAA	IVHAAA	OOOOxx
+4552	5287	0	0	2	12	52	552	552	4552	4552	104	105	CTAAAA	JVHAAA	VVVVxx
+8406	5288	0	2	6	6	6	406	406	3406	8406	12	13	ILAAAA	KVHAAA	AAAAxx
+2924	5289	0	0	4	4	24	924	924	2924	2924	48	49	MIAAAA	LVHAAA	HHHHxx
+8255	5290	1	3	5	15	55	255	255	3255	8255	110	111	NFAAAA	MVHAAA	OOOOxx
+4920	5291	0	0	0	0	20	920	920	4920	4920	40	41	GHAAAA	NVHAAA	VVVVxx
+228	5292	0	0	8	8	28	228	228	228	228	56	57	UIAAAA	OVHAAA	AAAAxx
+9431	5293	1	3	1	11	31	431	1431	4431	9431	62	63	TYAAAA	PVHAAA	HHHHxx
+4021	5294	1	1	1	1	21	21	21	4021	4021	42	43	RYAAAA	QVHAAA	OOOOxx
+2966	5295	0	2	6	6	66	966	966	2966	2966	132	133	CKAAAA	RVHAAA	VVVVxx
+2862	5296	0	2	2	2	62	862	862	2862	2862	124	125	CGAAAA	SVHAAA	AAAAxx
+4303	5297	1	3	3	3	3	303	303	4303	4303	6	7	NJAAAA	TVHAAA	HHHHxx
+9643	5298	1	3	3	3	43	643	1643	4643	9643	86	87	XGAAAA	UVHAAA	OOOOxx
+3008	5299	0	0	8	8	8	8	1008	3008	3008	16	17	SLAAAA	VVHAAA	VVVVxx
+7476	5300	0	0	6	16	76	476	1476	2476	7476	152	153	OBAAAA	WVHAAA	AAAAxx
+3686	5301	0	2	6	6	86	686	1686	3686	3686	172	173	ULAAAA	XVHAAA	HHHHxx
+9051	5302	1	3	1	11	51	51	1051	4051	9051	102	103	DKAAAA	YVHAAA	OOOOxx
+6592	5303	0	0	2	12	92	592	592	1592	6592	184	185	OTAAAA	ZVHAAA	VVVVxx
+924	5304	0	0	4	4	24	924	924	924	924	48	49	OJAAAA	AWHAAA	AAAAxx
+4406	5305	0	2	6	6	6	406	406	4406	4406	12	13	MNAAAA	BWHAAA	HHHHxx
+5233	5306	1	1	3	13	33	233	1233	233	5233	66	67	HTAAAA	CWHAAA	OOOOxx
+8881	5307	1	1	1	1	81	881	881	3881	8881	162	163	PDAAAA	DWHAAA	VVVVxx
+2212	5308	0	0	2	12	12	212	212	2212	2212	24	25	CHAAAA	EWHAAA	AAAAxx
+5804	5309	0	0	4	4	4	804	1804	804	5804	8	9	GPAAAA	FWHAAA	HHHHxx
+2990	5310	0	2	0	10	90	990	990	2990	2990	180	181	ALAAAA	GWHAAA	OOOOxx
+4069	5311	1	1	9	9	69	69	69	4069	4069	138	139	NAAAAA	HWHAAA	VVVVxx
+5380	5312	0	0	0	0	80	380	1380	380	5380	160	161	YYAAAA	IWHAAA	AAAAxx
+5016	5313	0	0	6	16	16	16	1016	16	5016	32	33	YKAAAA	JWHAAA	HHHHxx
+5056	5314	0	0	6	16	56	56	1056	56	5056	112	113	MMAAAA	KWHAAA	OOOOxx
+3732	5315	0	0	2	12	32	732	1732	3732	3732	64	65	ONAAAA	LWHAAA	VVVVxx
+5527	5316	1	3	7	7	27	527	1527	527	5527	54	55	PEAAAA	MWHAAA	AAAAxx
+1151	5317	1	3	1	11	51	151	1151	1151	1151	102	103	HSAAAA	NWHAAA	HHHHxx
+7900	5318	0	0	0	0	0	900	1900	2900	7900	0	1	WRAAAA	OWHAAA	OOOOxx
+1660	5319	0	0	0	0	60	660	1660	1660	1660	120	121	WLAAAA	PWHAAA	VVVVxx
+8064	5320	0	0	4	4	64	64	64	3064	8064	128	129	EYAAAA	QWHAAA	AAAAxx
+8240	5321	0	0	0	0	40	240	240	3240	8240	80	81	YEAAAA	RWHAAA	HHHHxx
+413	5322	1	1	3	13	13	413	413	413	413	26	27	XPAAAA	SWHAAA	OOOOxx
+8311	5323	1	3	1	11	11	311	311	3311	8311	22	23	RHAAAA	TWHAAA	VVVVxx
+1065	5324	1	1	5	5	65	65	1065	1065	1065	130	131	ZOAAAA	UWHAAA	AAAAxx
+2741	5325	1	1	1	1	41	741	741	2741	2741	82	83	LBAAAA	VWHAAA	HHHHxx
+5306	5326	0	2	6	6	6	306	1306	306	5306	12	13	CWAAAA	WWHAAA	OOOOxx
+5464	5327	0	0	4	4	64	464	1464	464	5464	128	129	ECAAAA	XWHAAA	VVVVxx
+4237	5328	1	1	7	17	37	237	237	4237	4237	74	75	ZGAAAA	YWHAAA	AAAAxx
+3822	5329	0	2	2	2	22	822	1822	3822	3822	44	45	ARAAAA	ZWHAAA	HHHHxx
+2548	5330	0	0	8	8	48	548	548	2548	2548	96	97	AUAAAA	AXHAAA	OOOOxx
+2688	5331	0	0	8	8	88	688	688	2688	2688	176	177	KZAAAA	BXHAAA	VVVVxx
+8061	5332	1	1	1	1	61	61	61	3061	8061	122	123	BYAAAA	CXHAAA	AAAAxx
+9340	5333	0	0	0	0	40	340	1340	4340	9340	80	81	GVAAAA	DXHAAA	HHHHxx
+4031	5334	1	3	1	11	31	31	31	4031	4031	62	63	BZAAAA	EXHAAA	OOOOxx
+2635	5335	1	3	5	15	35	635	635	2635	2635	70	71	JXAAAA	FXHAAA	VVVVxx
+809	5336	1	1	9	9	9	809	809	809	809	18	19	DFAAAA	GXHAAA	AAAAxx
+3209	5337	1	1	9	9	9	209	1209	3209	3209	18	19	LTAAAA	HXHAAA	HHHHxx
+3825	5338	1	1	5	5	25	825	1825	3825	3825	50	51	DRAAAA	IXHAAA	OOOOxx
+1448	5339	0	0	8	8	48	448	1448	1448	1448	96	97	SDAAAA	JXHAAA	VVVVxx
+9077	5340	1	1	7	17	77	77	1077	4077	9077	154	155	DLAAAA	KXHAAA	AAAAxx
+3730	5341	0	2	0	10	30	730	1730	3730	3730	60	61	MNAAAA	LXHAAA	HHHHxx
+9596	5342	0	0	6	16	96	596	1596	4596	9596	192	193	CFAAAA	MXHAAA	OOOOxx
+3563	5343	1	3	3	3	63	563	1563	3563	3563	126	127	BHAAAA	NXHAAA	VVVVxx
+4116	5344	0	0	6	16	16	116	116	4116	4116	32	33	ICAAAA	OXHAAA	AAAAxx
+4825	5345	1	1	5	5	25	825	825	4825	4825	50	51	PDAAAA	PXHAAA	HHHHxx
+8376	5346	0	0	6	16	76	376	376	3376	8376	152	153	EKAAAA	QXHAAA	OOOOxx
+3917	5347	1	1	7	17	17	917	1917	3917	3917	34	35	RUAAAA	RXHAAA	VVVVxx
+4407	5348	1	3	7	7	7	407	407	4407	4407	14	15	NNAAAA	SXHAAA	AAAAxx
+8202	5349	0	2	2	2	2	202	202	3202	8202	4	5	MDAAAA	TXHAAA	HHHHxx
+7675	5350	1	3	5	15	75	675	1675	2675	7675	150	151	FJAAAA	UXHAAA	OOOOxx
+4104	5351	0	0	4	4	4	104	104	4104	4104	8	9	WBAAAA	VXHAAA	VVVVxx
+9225	5352	1	1	5	5	25	225	1225	4225	9225	50	51	VQAAAA	WXHAAA	AAAAxx
+2834	5353	0	2	4	14	34	834	834	2834	2834	68	69	AFAAAA	XXHAAA	HHHHxx
+1227	5354	1	3	7	7	27	227	1227	1227	1227	54	55	FVAAAA	YXHAAA	OOOOxx
+3383	5355	1	3	3	3	83	383	1383	3383	3383	166	167	DAAAAA	ZXHAAA	VVVVxx
+67	5356	1	3	7	7	67	67	67	67	67	134	135	PCAAAA	AYHAAA	AAAAxx
+1751	5357	1	3	1	11	51	751	1751	1751	1751	102	103	JPAAAA	BYHAAA	HHHHxx
+8054	5358	0	2	4	14	54	54	54	3054	8054	108	109	UXAAAA	CYHAAA	OOOOxx
+8571	5359	1	3	1	11	71	571	571	3571	8571	142	143	RRAAAA	DYHAAA	VVVVxx
+2466	5360	0	2	6	6	66	466	466	2466	2466	132	133	WQAAAA	EYHAAA	AAAAxx
+9405	5361	1	1	5	5	5	405	1405	4405	9405	10	11	TXAAAA	FYHAAA	HHHHxx
+6883	5362	1	3	3	3	83	883	883	1883	6883	166	167	TEAAAA	GYHAAA	OOOOxx
+4301	5363	1	1	1	1	1	301	301	4301	4301	2	3	LJAAAA	HYHAAA	VVVVxx
+3705	5364	1	1	5	5	5	705	1705	3705	3705	10	11	NMAAAA	IYHAAA	AAAAxx
+5420	5365	0	0	0	0	20	420	1420	420	5420	40	41	MAAAAA	JYHAAA	HHHHxx
+3692	5366	0	0	2	12	92	692	1692	3692	3692	184	185	AMAAAA	KYHAAA	OOOOxx
+6851	5367	1	3	1	11	51	851	851	1851	6851	102	103	NDAAAA	LYHAAA	VVVVxx
+9363	5368	1	3	3	3	63	363	1363	4363	9363	126	127	DWAAAA	MYHAAA	AAAAxx
+2269	5369	1	1	9	9	69	269	269	2269	2269	138	139	HJAAAA	NYHAAA	HHHHxx
+4918	5370	0	2	8	18	18	918	918	4918	4918	36	37	EHAAAA	OYHAAA	OOOOxx
+4297	5371	1	1	7	17	97	297	297	4297	4297	194	195	HJAAAA	PYHAAA	VVVVxx
+1836	5372	0	0	6	16	36	836	1836	1836	1836	72	73	QSAAAA	QYHAAA	AAAAxx
+237	5373	1	1	7	17	37	237	237	237	237	74	75	DJAAAA	RYHAAA	HHHHxx
+6131	5374	1	3	1	11	31	131	131	1131	6131	62	63	VBAAAA	SYHAAA	OOOOxx
+3174	5375	0	2	4	14	74	174	1174	3174	3174	148	149	CSAAAA	TYHAAA	VVVVxx
+9987	5376	1	3	7	7	87	987	1987	4987	9987	174	175	DUAAAA	UYHAAA	AAAAxx
+3630	5377	0	2	0	10	30	630	1630	3630	3630	60	61	QJAAAA	VYHAAA	HHHHxx
+2899	5378	1	3	9	19	99	899	899	2899	2899	198	199	NHAAAA	WYHAAA	OOOOxx
+4079	5379	1	3	9	19	79	79	79	4079	4079	158	159	XAAAAA	XYHAAA	VVVVxx
+5049	5380	1	1	9	9	49	49	1049	49	5049	98	99	FMAAAA	YYHAAA	AAAAxx
+2963	5381	1	3	3	3	63	963	963	2963	2963	126	127	ZJAAAA	ZYHAAA	HHHHxx
+3962	5382	0	2	2	2	62	962	1962	3962	3962	124	125	KWAAAA	AZHAAA	OOOOxx
+7921	5383	1	1	1	1	21	921	1921	2921	7921	42	43	RSAAAA	BZHAAA	VVVVxx
+3967	5384	1	3	7	7	67	967	1967	3967	3967	134	135	PWAAAA	CZHAAA	AAAAxx
+2752	5385	0	0	2	12	52	752	752	2752	2752	104	105	WBAAAA	DZHAAA	HHHHxx
+7944	5386	0	0	4	4	44	944	1944	2944	7944	88	89	OTAAAA	EZHAAA	OOOOxx
+2205	5387	1	1	5	5	5	205	205	2205	2205	10	11	VGAAAA	FZHAAA	VVVVxx
+5035	5388	1	3	5	15	35	35	1035	35	5035	70	71	RLAAAA	GZHAAA	AAAAxx
+1425	5389	1	1	5	5	25	425	1425	1425	1425	50	51	VCAAAA	HZHAAA	HHHHxx
+832	5390	0	0	2	12	32	832	832	832	832	64	65	AGAAAA	IZHAAA	OOOOxx
+1447	5391	1	3	7	7	47	447	1447	1447	1447	94	95	RDAAAA	JZHAAA	VVVVxx
+6108	5392	0	0	8	8	8	108	108	1108	6108	16	17	YAAAAA	KZHAAA	AAAAxx
+4936	5393	0	0	6	16	36	936	936	4936	4936	72	73	WHAAAA	LZHAAA	HHHHxx
+7704	5394	0	0	4	4	4	704	1704	2704	7704	8	9	IKAAAA	MZHAAA	OOOOxx
+142	5395	0	2	2	2	42	142	142	142	142	84	85	MFAAAA	NZHAAA	VVVVxx
+4272	5396	0	0	2	12	72	272	272	4272	4272	144	145	IIAAAA	OZHAAA	AAAAxx
+7667	5397	1	3	7	7	67	667	1667	2667	7667	134	135	XIAAAA	PZHAAA	HHHHxx
+366	5398	0	2	6	6	66	366	366	366	366	132	133	COAAAA	QZHAAA	OOOOxx
+8866	5399	0	2	6	6	66	866	866	3866	8866	132	133	ADAAAA	RZHAAA	VVVVxx
+7712	5400	0	0	2	12	12	712	1712	2712	7712	24	25	QKAAAA	SZHAAA	AAAAxx
+3880	5401	0	0	0	0	80	880	1880	3880	3880	160	161	GTAAAA	TZHAAA	HHHHxx
+4631	5402	1	3	1	11	31	631	631	4631	4631	62	63	DWAAAA	UZHAAA	OOOOxx
+2789	5403	1	1	9	9	89	789	789	2789	2789	178	179	HDAAAA	VZHAAA	VVVVxx
+7720	5404	0	0	0	0	20	720	1720	2720	7720	40	41	YKAAAA	WZHAAA	AAAAxx
+7618	5405	0	2	8	18	18	618	1618	2618	7618	36	37	AHAAAA	XZHAAA	HHHHxx
+4990	5406	0	2	0	10	90	990	990	4990	4990	180	181	YJAAAA	YZHAAA	OOOOxx
+7918	5407	0	2	8	18	18	918	1918	2918	7918	36	37	OSAAAA	ZZHAAA	VVVVxx
+5067	5408	1	3	7	7	67	67	1067	67	5067	134	135	XMAAAA	AAIAAA	AAAAxx
+6370	5409	0	2	0	10	70	370	370	1370	6370	140	141	ALAAAA	BAIAAA	HHHHxx
+2268	5410	0	0	8	8	68	268	268	2268	2268	136	137	GJAAAA	CAIAAA	OOOOxx
+1949	5411	1	1	9	9	49	949	1949	1949	1949	98	99	ZWAAAA	DAIAAA	VVVVxx
+5503	5412	1	3	3	3	3	503	1503	503	5503	6	7	RDAAAA	EAIAAA	AAAAxx
+9951	5413	1	3	1	11	51	951	1951	4951	9951	102	103	TSAAAA	FAIAAA	HHHHxx
+6823	5414	1	3	3	3	23	823	823	1823	6823	46	47	LCAAAA	GAIAAA	OOOOxx
+6287	5415	1	3	7	7	87	287	287	1287	6287	174	175	VHAAAA	HAIAAA	VVVVxx
+6016	5416	0	0	6	16	16	16	16	1016	6016	32	33	KXAAAA	IAIAAA	AAAAxx
+1977	5417	1	1	7	17	77	977	1977	1977	1977	154	155	BYAAAA	JAIAAA	HHHHxx
+8579	5418	1	3	9	19	79	579	579	3579	8579	158	159	ZRAAAA	KAIAAA	OOOOxx
+6204	5419	0	0	4	4	4	204	204	1204	6204	8	9	QEAAAA	LAIAAA	VVVVxx
+9764	5420	0	0	4	4	64	764	1764	4764	9764	128	129	OLAAAA	MAIAAA	AAAAxx
+2005	5421	1	1	5	5	5	5	5	2005	2005	10	11	DZAAAA	NAIAAA	HHHHxx
+1648	5422	0	0	8	8	48	648	1648	1648	1648	96	97	KLAAAA	OAIAAA	OOOOxx
+2457	5423	1	1	7	17	57	457	457	2457	2457	114	115	NQAAAA	PAIAAA	VVVVxx
+2698	5424	0	2	8	18	98	698	698	2698	2698	196	197	UZAAAA	QAIAAA	AAAAxx
+7730	5425	0	2	0	10	30	730	1730	2730	7730	60	61	ILAAAA	RAIAAA	HHHHxx
+7287	5426	1	3	7	7	87	287	1287	2287	7287	174	175	HUAAAA	SAIAAA	OOOOxx
+2937	5427	1	1	7	17	37	937	937	2937	2937	74	75	ZIAAAA	TAIAAA	VVVVxx
+6824	5428	0	0	4	4	24	824	824	1824	6824	48	49	MCAAAA	UAIAAA	AAAAxx
+9256	5429	0	0	6	16	56	256	1256	4256	9256	112	113	ASAAAA	VAIAAA	HHHHxx
+4810	5430	0	2	0	10	10	810	810	4810	4810	20	21	ADAAAA	WAIAAA	OOOOxx
+3869	5431	1	1	9	9	69	869	1869	3869	3869	138	139	VSAAAA	XAIAAA	VVVVxx
+1993	5432	1	1	3	13	93	993	1993	1993	1993	186	187	RYAAAA	YAIAAA	AAAAxx
+6048	5433	0	0	8	8	48	48	48	1048	6048	96	97	QYAAAA	ZAIAAA	HHHHxx
+6922	5434	0	2	2	2	22	922	922	1922	6922	44	45	GGAAAA	ABIAAA	OOOOxx
+8	5435	0	0	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	16	17	IAAAAA	BBIAAA	VVVVxx
+6706	5436	0	2	6	6	6	706	706	1706	6706	12	13	YXAAAA	CBIAAA	AAAAxx
+9159	5437	1	3	9	19	59	159	1159	4159	9159	118	119	HOAAAA	DBIAAA	HHHHxx
+7020	5438	0	0	0	0	20	20	1020	2020	7020	40	41	AKAAAA	EBIAAA	OOOOxx
+767	5439	1	3	7	7	67	767	767	767	767	134	135	NDAAAA	FBIAAA	VVVVxx
+8602	5440	0	2	2	2	2	602	602	3602	8602	4	5	WSAAAA	GBIAAA	AAAAxx
+4442	5441	0	2	2	2	42	442	442	4442	4442	84	85	WOAAAA	HBIAAA	HHHHxx
+2040	5442	0	0	0	0	40	40	40	2040	2040	80	81	MAAAAA	IBIAAA	OOOOxx
+5493	5443	1	1	3	13	93	493	1493	493	5493	186	187	HDAAAA	JBIAAA	VVVVxx
+275	5444	1	3	5	15	75	275	275	275	275	150	151	PKAAAA	KBIAAA	AAAAxx
+8876	5445	0	0	6	16	76	876	876	3876	8876	152	153	KDAAAA	LBIAAA	HHHHxx
+7381	5446	1	1	1	1	81	381	1381	2381	7381	162	163	XXAAAA	MBIAAA	OOOOxx
+1827	5447	1	3	7	7	27	827	1827	1827	1827	54	55	HSAAAA	NBIAAA	VVVVxx
+3537	5448	1	1	7	17	37	537	1537	3537	3537	74	75	BGAAAA	OBIAAA	AAAAxx
+6978	5449	0	2	8	18	78	978	978	1978	6978	156	157	KIAAAA	PBIAAA	HHHHxx
+6160	5450	0	0	0	0	60	160	160	1160	6160	120	121	YCAAAA	QBIAAA	OOOOxx
+9219	5451	1	3	9	19	19	219	1219	4219	9219	38	39	PQAAAA	RBIAAA	VVVVxx
+5034	5452	0	2	4	14	34	34	1034	34	5034	68	69	QLAAAA	SBIAAA	AAAAxx
+8463	5453	1	3	3	3	63	463	463	3463	8463	126	127	NNAAAA	TBIAAA	HHHHxx
+2038	5454	0	2	8	18	38	38	38	2038	2038	76	77	KAAAAA	UBIAAA	OOOOxx
+9562	5455	0	2	2	2	62	562	1562	4562	9562	124	125	UDAAAA	VBIAAA	VVVVxx
+2687	5456	1	3	7	7	87	687	687	2687	2687	174	175	JZAAAA	WBIAAA	AAAAxx
+5092	5457	0	0	2	12	92	92	1092	92	5092	184	185	WNAAAA	XBIAAA	HHHHxx
+539	5458	1	3	9	19	39	539	539	539	539	78	79	TUAAAA	YBIAAA	OOOOxx
+2139	5459	1	3	9	19	39	139	139	2139	2139	78	79	HEAAAA	ZBIAAA	VVVVxx
+9221	5460	1	1	1	1	21	221	1221	4221	9221	42	43	RQAAAA	ACIAAA	AAAAxx
+965	5461	1	1	5	5	65	965	965	965	965	130	131	DLAAAA	BCIAAA	HHHHxx
+6051	5462	1	3	1	11	51	51	51	1051	6051	102	103	TYAAAA	CCIAAA	OOOOxx
+5822	5463	0	2	2	2	22	822	1822	822	5822	44	45	YPAAAA	DCIAAA	VVVVxx
+6397	5464	1	1	7	17	97	397	397	1397	6397	194	195	BMAAAA	ECIAAA	AAAAxx
+2375	5465	1	3	5	15	75	375	375	2375	2375	150	151	JNAAAA	FCIAAA	HHHHxx
+9415	5466	1	3	5	15	15	415	1415	4415	9415	30	31	DYAAAA	GCIAAA	OOOOxx
+6552	5467	0	0	2	12	52	552	552	1552	6552	104	105	ASAAAA	HCIAAA	VVVVxx
+2248	5468	0	0	8	8	48	248	248	2248	2248	96	97	MIAAAA	ICIAAA	AAAAxx
+2611	5469	1	3	1	11	11	611	611	2611	2611	22	23	LWAAAA	JCIAAA	HHHHxx
+9609	5470	1	1	9	9	9	609	1609	4609	9609	18	19	PFAAAA	KCIAAA	OOOOxx
+2132	5471	0	0	2	12	32	132	132	2132	2132	64	65	AEAAAA	LCIAAA	VVVVxx
+8452	5472	0	0	2	12	52	452	452	3452	8452	104	105	CNAAAA	MCIAAA	AAAAxx
+9407	5473	1	3	7	7	7	407	1407	4407	9407	14	15	VXAAAA	NCIAAA	HHHHxx
+2814	5474	0	2	4	14	14	814	814	2814	2814	28	29	GEAAAA	OCIAAA	OOOOxx
+1889	5475	1	1	9	9	89	889	1889	1889	1889	178	179	RUAAAA	PCIAAA	VVVVxx
+7489	5476	1	1	9	9	89	489	1489	2489	7489	178	179	BCAAAA	QCIAAA	AAAAxx
+2255	5477	1	3	5	15	55	255	255	2255	2255	110	111	TIAAAA	RCIAAA	HHHHxx
+3380	5478	0	0	0	0	80	380	1380	3380	3380	160	161	AAAAAA	SCIAAA	OOOOxx
+1167	5479	1	3	7	7	67	167	1167	1167	1167	134	135	XSAAAA	TCIAAA	VVVVxx
+5369	5480	1	1	9	9	69	369	1369	369	5369	138	139	NYAAAA	UCIAAA	AAAAxx
+2378	5481	0	2	8	18	78	378	378	2378	2378	156	157	MNAAAA	VCIAAA	HHHHxx
+8315	5482	1	3	5	15	15	315	315	3315	8315	30	31	VHAAAA	WCIAAA	OOOOxx
+2934	5483	0	2	4	14	34	934	934	2934	2934	68	69	WIAAAA	XCIAAA	VVVVxx
+7924	5484	0	0	4	4	24	924	1924	2924	7924	48	49	USAAAA	YCIAAA	AAAAxx
+2867	5485	1	3	7	7	67	867	867	2867	2867	134	135	HGAAAA	ZCIAAA	HHHHxx
+9141	5486	1	1	1	1	41	141	1141	4141	9141	82	83	PNAAAA	ADIAAA	OOOOxx
+3613	5487	1	1	3	13	13	613	1613	3613	3613	26	27	ZIAAAA	BDIAAA	VVVVxx
+2461	5488	1	1	1	1	61	461	461	2461	2461	122	123	RQAAAA	CDIAAA	AAAAxx
+4567	5489	1	3	7	7	67	567	567	4567	4567	134	135	RTAAAA	DDIAAA	HHHHxx
+2906	5490	0	2	6	6	6	906	906	2906	2906	12	13	UHAAAA	EDIAAA	OOOOxx
+4848	5491	0	0	8	8	48	848	848	4848	4848	96	97	MEAAAA	FDIAAA	VVVVxx
+6614	5492	0	2	4	14	14	614	614	1614	6614	28	29	KUAAAA	GDIAAA	AAAAxx
+6200	5493	0	0	0	0	0	200	200	1200	6200	0	1	MEAAAA	HDIAAA	HHHHxx
+7895	5494	1	3	5	15	95	895	1895	2895	7895	190	191	RRAAAA	IDIAAA	OOOOxx
+6829	5495	1	1	9	9	29	829	829	1829	6829	58	59	RCAAAA	JDIAAA	VVVVxx
+4087	5496	1	3	7	7	87	87	87	4087	4087	174	175	FBAAAA	KDIAAA	AAAAxx
+8787	5497	1	3	7	7	87	787	787	3787	8787	174	175	ZZAAAA	LDIAAA	HHHHxx
+3322	5498	0	2	2	2	22	322	1322	3322	3322	44	45	UXAAAA	MDIAAA	OOOOxx
+9091	5499	1	3	1	11	91	91	1091	4091	9091	182	183	RLAAAA	NDIAAA	VVVVxx
+5268	5500	0	0	8	8	68	268	1268	268	5268	136	137	QUAAAA	ODIAAA	AAAAxx
+2719	5501	1	3	9	19	19	719	719	2719	2719	38	39	PAAAAA	PDIAAA	HHHHxx
+30	5502	0	2	0	10	30	30	30	30	30	60	61	EBAAAA	QDIAAA	OOOOxx
+1975	5503	1	3	5	15	75	975	1975	1975	1975	150	151	ZXAAAA	RDIAAA	VVVVxx
+2641	5504	1	1	1	1	41	641	641	2641	2641	82	83	PXAAAA	SDIAAA	AAAAxx
+8616	5505	0	0	6	16	16	616	616	3616	8616	32	33	KTAAAA	TDIAAA	HHHHxx
+5980	5506	0	0	0	0	80	980	1980	980	5980	160	161	AWAAAA	UDIAAA	OOOOxx
+5170	5507	0	2	0	10	70	170	1170	170	5170	140	141	WQAAAA	VDIAAA	VVVVxx
+1960	5508	0	0	0	0	60	960	1960	1960	1960	120	121	KXAAAA	WDIAAA	AAAAxx
+8141	5509	1	1	1	1	41	141	141	3141	8141	82	83	DBAAAA	XDIAAA	HHHHxx
+6692	5510	0	0	2	12	92	692	692	1692	6692	184	185	KXAAAA	YDIAAA	OOOOxx
+7621	5511	1	1	1	1	21	621	1621	2621	7621	42	43	DHAAAA	ZDIAAA	VVVVxx
+3890	5512	0	2	0	10	90	890	1890	3890	3890	180	181	QTAAAA	AEIAAA	AAAAxx
+4300	5513	0	0	0	0	0	300	300	4300	4300	0	1	KJAAAA	BEIAAA	HHHHxx
+736	5514	0	0	6	16	36	736	736	736	736	72	73	ICAAAA	CEIAAA	OOOOxx
+6626	5515	0	2	6	6	26	626	626	1626	6626	52	53	WUAAAA	DEIAAA	VVVVxx
+1800	5516	0	0	0	0	0	800	1800	1800	1800	0	1	GRAAAA	EEIAAA	AAAAxx
+3430	5517	0	2	0	10	30	430	1430	3430	3430	60	61	YBAAAA	FEIAAA	HHHHxx
+9519	5518	1	3	9	19	19	519	1519	4519	9519	38	39	DCAAAA	GEIAAA	OOOOxx
+5111	5519	1	3	1	11	11	111	1111	111	5111	22	23	POAAAA	HEIAAA	VVVVxx
+6915	5520	1	3	5	15	15	915	915	1915	6915	30	31	ZFAAAA	IEIAAA	AAAAxx
+9246	5521	0	2	6	6	46	246	1246	4246	9246	92	93	QRAAAA	JEIAAA	HHHHxx
+5141	5522	1	1	1	1	41	141	1141	141	5141	82	83	TPAAAA	KEIAAA	OOOOxx
+5922	5523	0	2	2	2	22	922	1922	922	5922	44	45	UTAAAA	LEIAAA	VVVVxx
+3087	5524	1	3	7	7	87	87	1087	3087	3087	174	175	TOAAAA	MEIAAA	AAAAxx
+1859	5525	1	3	9	19	59	859	1859	1859	1859	118	119	NTAAAA	NEIAAA	HHHHxx
+8482	5526	0	2	2	2	82	482	482	3482	8482	164	165	GOAAAA	OEIAAA	OOOOxx
+8414	5527	0	2	4	14	14	414	414	3414	8414	28	29	QLAAAA	PEIAAA	VVVVxx
+6662	5528	0	2	2	2	62	662	662	1662	6662	124	125	GWAAAA	QEIAAA	AAAAxx
+8614	5529	0	2	4	14	14	614	614	3614	8614	28	29	ITAAAA	REIAAA	HHHHxx
+42	5530	0	2	2	2	42	42	42	42	42	84	85	QBAAAA	SEIAAA	OOOOxx
+7582	5531	0	2	2	2	82	582	1582	2582	7582	164	165	QFAAAA	TEIAAA	VVVVxx
+8183	5532	1	3	3	3	83	183	183	3183	8183	166	167	TCAAAA	UEIAAA	AAAAxx
+1299	5533	1	3	9	19	99	299	1299	1299	1299	198	199	ZXAAAA	VEIAAA	HHHHxx
+7004	5534	0	0	4	4	4	4	1004	2004	7004	8	9	KJAAAA	WEIAAA	OOOOxx
+3298	5535	0	2	8	18	98	298	1298	3298	3298	196	197	WWAAAA	XEIAAA	VVVVxx
+7884	5536	0	0	4	4	84	884	1884	2884	7884	168	169	GRAAAA	YEIAAA	AAAAxx
+4191	5537	1	3	1	11	91	191	191	4191	4191	182	183	FFAAAA	ZEIAAA	HHHHxx
+7346	5538	0	2	6	6	46	346	1346	2346	7346	92	93	OWAAAA	AFIAAA	OOOOxx
+7989	5539	1	1	9	9	89	989	1989	2989	7989	178	179	HVAAAA	BFIAAA	VVVVxx
+5719	5540	1	3	9	19	19	719	1719	719	5719	38	39	ZLAAAA	CFIAAA	AAAAxx
+800	5541	0	0	0	0	0	800	800	800	800	0	1	UEAAAA	DFIAAA	HHHHxx
+6509	5542	1	1	9	9	9	509	509	1509	6509	18	19	JQAAAA	EFIAAA	OOOOxx
+4672	5543	0	0	2	12	72	672	672	4672	4672	144	145	SXAAAA	FFIAAA	VVVVxx
+4434	5544	0	2	4	14	34	434	434	4434	4434	68	69	OOAAAA	GFIAAA	AAAAxx
+8309	5545	1	1	9	9	9	309	309	3309	8309	18	19	PHAAAA	HFIAAA	HHHHxx
+5134	5546	0	2	4	14	34	134	1134	134	5134	68	69	MPAAAA	IFIAAA	OOOOxx
+5153	5547	1	1	3	13	53	153	1153	153	5153	106	107	FQAAAA	JFIAAA	VVVVxx
+1522	5548	0	2	2	2	22	522	1522	1522	1522	44	45	OGAAAA	KFIAAA	AAAAxx
+8629	5549	1	1	9	9	29	629	629	3629	8629	58	59	XTAAAA	LFIAAA	HHHHxx
+4549	5550	1	1	9	9	49	549	549	4549	4549	98	99	ZSAAAA	MFIAAA	OOOOxx
+9506	5551	0	2	6	6	6	506	1506	4506	9506	12	13	QBAAAA	NFIAAA	VVVVxx
+6542	5552	0	2	2	2	42	542	542	1542	6542	84	85	QRAAAA	OFIAAA	AAAAxx
+2579	5553	1	3	9	19	79	579	579	2579	2579	158	159	FVAAAA	PFIAAA	HHHHxx
+4664	5554	0	0	4	4	64	664	664	4664	4664	128	129	KXAAAA	QFIAAA	OOOOxx
+696	5555	0	0	6	16	96	696	696	696	696	192	193	UAAAAA	RFIAAA	VVVVxx
+7950	5556	0	2	0	10	50	950	1950	2950	7950	100	101	UTAAAA	SFIAAA	AAAAxx
+5	5557	1	1	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	10	11	FAAAAA	TFIAAA	HHHHxx
+7806	5558	0	2	6	6	6	806	1806	2806	7806	12	13	GOAAAA	UFIAAA	OOOOxx
+2770	5559	0	2	0	10	70	770	770	2770	2770	140	141	OCAAAA	VFIAAA	VVVVxx
+1344	5560	0	0	4	4	44	344	1344	1344	1344	88	89	SZAAAA	WFIAAA	AAAAxx
+511	5561	1	3	1	11	11	511	511	511	511	22	23	RTAAAA	XFIAAA	HHHHxx
+9070	5562	0	2	0	10	70	70	1070	4070	9070	140	141	WKAAAA	YFIAAA	OOOOxx
+2961	5563	1	1	1	1	61	961	961	2961	2961	122	123	XJAAAA	ZFIAAA	VVVVxx
+8031	5564	1	3	1	11	31	31	31	3031	8031	62	63	XWAAAA	AGIAAA	AAAAxx
+326	5565	0	2	6	6	26	326	326	326	326	52	53	OMAAAA	BGIAAA	HHHHxx
+183	5566	1	3	3	3	83	183	183	183	183	166	167	BHAAAA	CGIAAA	OOOOxx
+5917	5567	1	1	7	17	17	917	1917	917	5917	34	35	PTAAAA	DGIAAA	VVVVxx
+8256	5568	0	0	6	16	56	256	256	3256	8256	112	113	OFAAAA	EGIAAA	AAAAxx
+7889	5569	1	1	9	9	89	889	1889	2889	7889	178	179	LRAAAA	FGIAAA	HHHHxx
+9029	5570	1	1	9	9	29	29	1029	4029	9029	58	59	HJAAAA	GGIAAA	OOOOxx
+1316	5571	0	0	6	16	16	316	1316	1316	1316	32	33	QYAAAA	HGIAAA	VVVVxx
+7442	5572	0	2	2	2	42	442	1442	2442	7442	84	85	GAAAAA	IGIAAA	AAAAxx
+2810	5573	0	2	0	10	10	810	810	2810	2810	20	21	CEAAAA	JGIAAA	HHHHxx
+20	5574	0	0	0	0	20	20	20	20	20	40	41	UAAAAA	KGIAAA	OOOOxx
+2306	5575	0	2	6	6	6	306	306	2306	2306	12	13	SKAAAA	LGIAAA	VVVVxx
+4694	5576	0	2	4	14	94	694	694	4694	4694	188	189	OYAAAA	MGIAAA	AAAAxx
+9710	5577	0	2	0	10	10	710	1710	4710	9710	20	21	MJAAAA	NGIAAA	HHHHxx
+1791	5578	1	3	1	11	91	791	1791	1791	1791	182	183	XQAAAA	OGIAAA	OOOOxx
+6730	5579	0	2	0	10	30	730	730	1730	6730	60	61	WYAAAA	PGIAAA	VVVVxx
+359	5580	1	3	9	19	59	359	359	359	359	118	119	VNAAAA	QGIAAA	AAAAxx
+8097	5581	1	1	7	17	97	97	97	3097	8097	194	195	LZAAAA	RGIAAA	HHHHxx
+6147	5582	1	3	7	7	47	147	147	1147	6147	94	95	LCAAAA	SGIAAA	OOOOxx
+643	5583	1	3	3	3	43	643	643	643	643	86	87	TYAAAA	TGIAAA	VVVVxx
+698	5584	0	2	8	18	98	698	698	698	698	196	197	WAAAAA	UGIAAA	AAAAxx
+3881	5585	1	1	1	1	81	881	1881	3881	3881	162	163	HTAAAA	VGIAAA	HHHHxx
+7600	5586	0	0	0	0	0	600	1600	2600	7600	0	1	IGAAAA	WGIAAA	OOOOxx
+1583	5587	1	3	3	3	83	583	1583	1583	1583	166	167	XIAAAA	XGIAAA	VVVVxx
+9612	5588	0	0	2	12	12	612	1612	4612	9612	24	25	SFAAAA	YGIAAA	AAAAxx
+1032	5589	0	0	2	12	32	32	1032	1032	1032	64	65	SNAAAA	ZGIAAA	HHHHxx
+4834	5590	0	2	4	14	34	834	834	4834	4834	68	69	YDAAAA	AHIAAA	OOOOxx
+5076	5591	0	0	6	16	76	76	1076	76	5076	152	153	GNAAAA	BHIAAA	VVVVxx
+3070	5592	0	2	0	10	70	70	1070	3070	3070	140	141	COAAAA	CHIAAA	AAAAxx
+1421	5593	1	1	1	1	21	421	1421	1421	1421	42	43	RCAAAA	DHIAAA	HHHHxx
+8970	5594	0	2	0	10	70	970	970	3970	8970	140	141	AHAAAA	EHIAAA	OOOOxx
+6271	5595	1	3	1	11	71	271	271	1271	6271	142	143	FHAAAA	FHIAAA	VVVVxx
+8547	5596	1	3	7	7	47	547	547	3547	8547	94	95	TQAAAA	GHIAAA	AAAAxx
+1259	5597	1	3	9	19	59	259	1259	1259	1259	118	119	LWAAAA	HHIAAA	HHHHxx
+8328	5598	0	0	8	8	28	328	328	3328	8328	56	57	IIAAAA	IHIAAA	OOOOxx
+1503	5599	1	3	3	3	3	503	1503	1503	1503	6	7	VFAAAA	JHIAAA	VVVVxx
+2253	5600	1	1	3	13	53	253	253	2253	2253	106	107	RIAAAA	KHIAAA	AAAAxx
+7449	5601	1	1	9	9	49	449	1449	2449	7449	98	99	NAAAAA	LHIAAA	HHHHxx
+3579	5602	1	3	9	19	79	579	1579	3579	3579	158	159	RHAAAA	MHIAAA	OOOOxx
+1585	5603	1	1	5	5	85	585	1585	1585	1585	170	171	ZIAAAA	NHIAAA	VVVVxx
+5543	5604	1	3	3	3	43	543	1543	543	5543	86	87	FFAAAA	OHIAAA	AAAAxx
+8627	5605	1	3	7	7	27	627	627	3627	8627	54	55	VTAAAA	PHIAAA	HHHHxx
+8618	5606	0	2	8	18	18	618	618	3618	8618	36	37	MTAAAA	QHIAAA	OOOOxx
+1911	5607	1	3	1	11	11	911	1911	1911	1911	22	23	NVAAAA	RHIAAA	VVVVxx
+2758	5608	0	2	8	18	58	758	758	2758	2758	116	117	CCAAAA	SHIAAA	AAAAxx
+5744	5609	0	0	4	4	44	744	1744	744	5744	88	89	YMAAAA	THIAAA	HHHHxx
+4976	5610	0	0	6	16	76	976	976	4976	4976	152	153	KJAAAA	UHIAAA	OOOOxx
+6380	5611	0	0	0	0	80	380	380	1380	6380	160	161	KLAAAA	VHIAAA	VVVVxx
+1937	5612	1	1	7	17	37	937	1937	1937	1937	74	75	NWAAAA	WHIAAA	AAAAxx
+9903	5613	1	3	3	3	3	903	1903	4903	9903	6	7	XQAAAA	XHIAAA	HHHHxx
+4409	5614	1	1	9	9	9	409	409	4409	4409	18	19	PNAAAA	YHIAAA	OOOOxx
+4133	5615	1	1	3	13	33	133	133	4133	4133	66	67	ZCAAAA	ZHIAAA	VVVVxx
+5263	5616	1	3	3	3	63	263	1263	263	5263	126	127	LUAAAA	AIIAAA	AAAAxx
+7888	5617	0	0	8	8	88	888	1888	2888	7888	176	177	KRAAAA	BIIAAA	HHHHxx
+6060	5618	0	0	0	0	60	60	60	1060	6060	120	121	CZAAAA	CIIAAA	OOOOxx
+2522	5619	0	2	2	2	22	522	522	2522	2522	44	45	ATAAAA	DIIAAA	VVVVxx
+5550	5620	0	2	0	10	50	550	1550	550	5550	100	101	MFAAAA	EIIAAA	AAAAxx
+9396	5621	0	0	6	16	96	396	1396	4396	9396	192	193	KXAAAA	FIIAAA	HHHHxx
+176	5622	0	0	6	16	76	176	176	176	176	152	153	UGAAAA	GIIAAA	OOOOxx
+5148	5623	0	0	8	8	48	148	1148	148	5148	96	97	AQAAAA	HIIAAA	VVVVxx
+6691	5624	1	3	1	11	91	691	691	1691	6691	182	183	JXAAAA	IIIAAA	AAAAxx
+4652	5625	0	0	2	12	52	652	652	4652	4652	104	105	YWAAAA	JIIAAA	HHHHxx
+5096	5626	0	0	6	16	96	96	1096	96	5096	192	193	AOAAAA	KIIAAA	OOOOxx
+2408	5627	0	0	8	8	8	408	408	2408	2408	16	17	QOAAAA	LIIAAA	VVVVxx
+7322	5628	0	2	2	2	22	322	1322	2322	7322	44	45	QVAAAA	MIIAAA	AAAAxx
+6782	5629	0	2	2	2	82	782	782	1782	6782	164	165	WAAAAA	NIIAAA	HHHHxx
+4642	5630	0	2	2	2	42	642	642	4642	4642	84	85	OWAAAA	OIIAAA	OOOOxx
+5427	5631	1	3	7	7	27	427	1427	427	5427	54	55	TAAAAA	PIIAAA	VVVVxx
+4461	5632	1	1	1	1	61	461	461	4461	4461	122	123	PPAAAA	QIIAAA	AAAAxx
+8416	5633	0	0	6	16	16	416	416	3416	8416	32	33	SLAAAA	RIIAAA	HHHHxx
+2593	5634	1	1	3	13	93	593	593	2593	2593	186	187	TVAAAA	SIIAAA	OOOOxx
+6202	5635	0	2	2	2	2	202	202	1202	6202	4	5	OEAAAA	TIIAAA	VVVVxx
+3826	5636	0	2	6	6	26	826	1826	3826	3826	52	53	ERAAAA	UIIAAA	AAAAxx
+4417	5637	1	1	7	17	17	417	417	4417	4417	34	35	XNAAAA	VIIAAA	HHHHxx
+7871	5638	1	3	1	11	71	871	1871	2871	7871	142	143	TQAAAA	WIIAAA	OOOOxx
+5622	5639	0	2	2	2	22	622	1622	622	5622	44	45	GIAAAA	XIIAAA	VVVVxx
+3010	5640	0	2	0	10	10	10	1010	3010	3010	20	21	ULAAAA	YIIAAA	AAAAxx
+3407	5641	1	3	7	7	7	407	1407	3407	3407	14	15	BBAAAA	ZIIAAA	HHHHxx
+1274	5642	0	2	4	14	74	274	1274	1274	1274	148	149	AXAAAA	AJIAAA	OOOOxx
+2828	5643	0	0	8	8	28	828	828	2828	2828	56	57	UEAAAA	BJIAAA	VVVVxx
+3427	5644	1	3	7	7	27	427	1427	3427	3427	54	55	VBAAAA	CJIAAA	AAAAxx
+612	5645	0	0	2	12	12	612	612	612	612	24	25	OXAAAA	DJIAAA	HHHHxx
+8729	5646	1	1	9	9	29	729	729	3729	8729	58	59	TXAAAA	EJIAAA	OOOOxx
+1239	5647	1	3	9	19	39	239	1239	1239	1239	78	79	RVAAAA	FJIAAA	VVVVxx
+8990	5648	0	2	0	10	90	990	990	3990	8990	180	181	UHAAAA	GJIAAA	AAAAxx
+5609	5649	1	1	9	9	9	609	1609	609	5609	18	19	THAAAA	HJIAAA	HHHHxx
+4441	5650	1	1	1	1	41	441	441	4441	4441	82	83	VOAAAA	IJIAAA	OOOOxx
+9078	5651	0	2	8	18	78	78	1078	4078	9078	156	157	ELAAAA	JJIAAA	VVVVxx
+6699	5652	1	3	9	19	99	699	699	1699	6699	198	199	RXAAAA	KJIAAA	AAAAxx
+8390	5653	0	2	0	10	90	390	390	3390	8390	180	181	SKAAAA	LJIAAA	HHHHxx
+5455	5654	1	3	5	15	55	455	1455	455	5455	110	111	VBAAAA	MJIAAA	OOOOxx
+7537	5655	1	1	7	17	37	537	1537	2537	7537	74	75	XDAAAA	NJIAAA	VVVVxx
+4669	5656	1	1	9	9	69	669	669	4669	4669	138	139	PXAAAA	OJIAAA	AAAAxx
+5534	5657	0	2	4	14	34	534	1534	534	5534	68	69	WEAAAA	PJIAAA	HHHHxx
+1920	5658	0	0	0	0	20	920	1920	1920	1920	40	41	WVAAAA	QJIAAA	OOOOxx
+9465	5659	1	1	5	5	65	465	1465	4465	9465	130	131	BAAAAA	RJIAAA	VVVVxx
+4897	5660	1	1	7	17	97	897	897	4897	4897	194	195	JGAAAA	SJIAAA	AAAAxx
+1990	5661	0	2	0	10	90	990	1990	1990	1990	180	181	OYAAAA	TJIAAA	HHHHxx
+7148	5662	0	0	8	8	48	148	1148	2148	7148	96	97	YOAAAA	UJIAAA	OOOOxx
+533	5663	1	1	3	13	33	533	533	533	533	66	67	NUAAAA	VJIAAA	VVVVxx
+4339	5664	1	3	9	19	39	339	339	4339	4339	78	79	XKAAAA	WJIAAA	AAAAxx
+6450	5665	0	2	0	10	50	450	450	1450	6450	100	101	COAAAA	XJIAAA	HHHHxx
+9627	5666	1	3	7	7	27	627	1627	4627	9627	54	55	HGAAAA	YJIAAA	OOOOxx
+5539	5667	1	3	9	19	39	539	1539	539	5539	78	79	BFAAAA	ZJIAAA	VVVVxx
+6758	5668	0	2	8	18	58	758	758	1758	6758	116	117	YZAAAA	AKIAAA	AAAAxx
+3435	5669	1	3	5	15	35	435	1435	3435	3435	70	71	DCAAAA	BKIAAA	HHHHxx
+4350	5670	0	2	0	10	50	350	350	4350	4350	100	101	ILAAAA	CKIAAA	OOOOxx
+9088	5671	0	0	8	8	88	88	1088	4088	9088	176	177	OLAAAA	DKIAAA	VVVVxx
+6368	5672	0	0	8	8	68	368	368	1368	6368	136	137	YKAAAA	EKIAAA	AAAAxx
+6337	5673	1	1	7	17	37	337	337	1337	6337	74	75	TJAAAA	FKIAAA	HHHHxx
+4361	5674	1	1	1	1	61	361	361	4361	4361	122	123	TLAAAA	GKIAAA	OOOOxx
+1719	5675	1	3	9	19	19	719	1719	1719	1719	38	39	DOAAAA	HKIAAA	VVVVxx
+3109	5676	1	1	9	9	9	109	1109	3109	3109	18	19	PPAAAA	IKIAAA	AAAAxx
+7135	5677	1	3	5	15	35	135	1135	2135	7135	70	71	LOAAAA	JKIAAA	HHHHxx
+1964	5678	0	0	4	4	64	964	1964	1964	1964	128	129	OXAAAA	KKIAAA	OOOOxx
+3	5679	1	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	6	7	DAAAAA	LKIAAA	VVVVxx
+1868	5680	0	0	8	8	68	868	1868	1868	1868	136	137	WTAAAA	MKIAAA	AAAAxx
+5182	5681	0	2	2	2	82	182	1182	182	5182	164	165	IRAAAA	NKIAAA	HHHHxx
+7567	5682	1	3	7	7	67	567	1567	2567	7567	134	135	BFAAAA	OKIAAA	OOOOxx
+3676	5683	0	0	6	16	76	676	1676	3676	3676	152	153	KLAAAA	PKIAAA	VVVVxx
+9382	5684	0	2	2	2	82	382	1382	4382	9382	164	165	WWAAAA	QKIAAA	AAAAxx
+8645	5685	1	1	5	5	45	645	645	3645	8645	90	91	NUAAAA	RKIAAA	HHHHxx
+2018	5686	0	2	8	18	18	18	18	2018	2018	36	37	QZAAAA	SKIAAA	OOOOxx
+217	5687	1	1	7	17	17	217	217	217	217	34	35	JIAAAA	TKIAAA	VVVVxx
+6793	5688	1	1	3	13	93	793	793	1793	6793	186	187	HBAAAA	UKIAAA	AAAAxx
+7280	5689	0	0	0	0	80	280	1280	2280	7280	160	161	AUAAAA	VKIAAA	HHHHxx
+2168	5690	0	0	8	8	68	168	168	2168	2168	136	137	KFAAAA	WKIAAA	OOOOxx
+5259	5691	1	3	9	19	59	259	1259	259	5259	118	119	HUAAAA	XKIAAA	VVVVxx
+6019	5692	1	3	9	19	19	19	19	1019	6019	38	39	NXAAAA	YKIAAA	AAAAxx
+877	5693	1	1	7	17	77	877	877	877	877	154	155	THAAAA	ZKIAAA	HHHHxx
+4961	5694	1	1	1	1	61	961	961	4961	4961	122	123	VIAAAA	ALIAAA	OOOOxx
+1873	5695	1	1	3	13	73	873	1873	1873	1873	146	147	BUAAAA	BLIAAA	VVVVxx
+13	5696	1	1	3	13	13	13	13	13	13	26	27	NAAAAA	CLIAAA	AAAAxx
+1537	5697	1	1	7	17	37	537	1537	1537	1537	74	75	DHAAAA	DLIAAA	HHHHxx
+3129	5698	1	1	9	9	29	129	1129	3129	3129	58	59	JQAAAA	ELIAAA	OOOOxx
+6473	5699	1	1	3	13	73	473	473	1473	6473	146	147	ZOAAAA	FLIAAA	VVVVxx
+7865	5700	1	1	5	5	65	865	1865	2865	7865	130	131	NQAAAA	GLIAAA	AAAAxx
+7822	5701	0	2	2	2	22	822	1822	2822	7822	44	45	WOAAAA	HLIAAA	HHHHxx
+239	5702	1	3	9	19	39	239	239	239	239	78	79	FJAAAA	ILIAAA	OOOOxx
+2062	5703	0	2	2	2	62	62	62	2062	2062	124	125	IBAAAA	JLIAAA	VVVVxx
+762	5704	0	2	2	2	62	762	762	762	762	124	125	IDAAAA	KLIAAA	AAAAxx
+3764	5705	0	0	4	4	64	764	1764	3764	3764	128	129	UOAAAA	LLIAAA	HHHHxx
+465	5706	1	1	5	5	65	465	465	465	465	130	131	XRAAAA	MLIAAA	OOOOxx
+2587	5707	1	3	7	7	87	587	587	2587	2587	174	175	NVAAAA	NLIAAA	VVVVxx
+8402	5708	0	2	2	2	2	402	402	3402	8402	4	5	ELAAAA	OLIAAA	AAAAxx
+1055	5709	1	3	5	15	55	55	1055	1055	1055	110	111	POAAAA	PLIAAA	HHHHxx
+3072	5710	0	0	2	12	72	72	1072	3072	3072	144	145	EOAAAA	QLIAAA	OOOOxx
+7359	5711	1	3	9	19	59	359	1359	2359	7359	118	119	BXAAAA	RLIAAA	VVVVxx
+6558	5712	0	2	8	18	58	558	558	1558	6558	116	117	GSAAAA	SLIAAA	AAAAxx
+48	5713	0	0	8	8	48	48	48	48	48	96	97	WBAAAA	TLIAAA	HHHHxx
+5382	5714	0	2	2	2	82	382	1382	382	5382	164	165	AZAAAA	ULIAAA	OOOOxx
+947	5715	1	3	7	7	47	947	947	947	947	94	95	LKAAAA	VLIAAA	VVVVxx
+2644	5716	0	0	4	4	44	644	644	2644	2644	88	89	SXAAAA	WLIAAA	AAAAxx
+7516	5717	0	0	6	16	16	516	1516	2516	7516	32	33	CDAAAA	XLIAAA	HHHHxx
+2362	5718	0	2	2	2	62	362	362	2362	2362	124	125	WMAAAA	YLIAAA	OOOOxx
+839	5719	1	3	9	19	39	839	839	839	839	78	79	HGAAAA	ZLIAAA	VVVVxx
+2216	5720	0	0	6	16	16	216	216	2216	2216	32	33	GHAAAA	AMIAAA	AAAAxx
+7673	5721	1	1	3	13	73	673	1673	2673	7673	146	147	DJAAAA	BMIAAA	HHHHxx
+8173	5722	1	1	3	13	73	173	173	3173	8173	146	147	JCAAAA	CMIAAA	OOOOxx
+1630	5723	0	2	0	10	30	630	1630	1630	1630	60	61	SKAAAA	DMIAAA	VVVVxx
+9057	5724	1	1	7	17	57	57	1057	4057	9057	114	115	JKAAAA	EMIAAA	AAAAxx
+4392	5725	0	0	2	12	92	392	392	4392	4392	184	185	YMAAAA	FMIAAA	HHHHxx
+3695	5726	1	3	5	15	95	695	1695	3695	3695	190	191	DMAAAA	GMIAAA	OOOOxx
+5751	5727	1	3	1	11	51	751	1751	751	5751	102	103	FNAAAA	HMIAAA	VVVVxx
+5745	5728	1	1	5	5	45	745	1745	745	5745	90	91	ZMAAAA	IMIAAA	AAAAxx
+7945	5729	1	1	5	5	45	945	1945	2945	7945	90	91	PTAAAA	JMIAAA	HHHHxx
+5174	5730	0	2	4	14	74	174	1174	174	5174	148	149	ARAAAA	KMIAAA	OOOOxx
+3829	5731	1	1	9	9	29	829	1829	3829	3829	58	59	HRAAAA	LMIAAA	VVVVxx
+3317	5732	1	1	7	17	17	317	1317	3317	3317	34	35	PXAAAA	MMIAAA	AAAAxx
+4253	5733	1	1	3	13	53	253	253	4253	4253	106	107	PHAAAA	NMIAAA	HHHHxx
+1291	5734	1	3	1	11	91	291	1291	1291	1291	182	183	RXAAAA	OMIAAA	OOOOxx
+3266	5735	0	2	6	6	66	266	1266	3266	3266	132	133	QVAAAA	PMIAAA	VVVVxx
+2939	5736	1	3	9	19	39	939	939	2939	2939	78	79	BJAAAA	QMIAAA	AAAAxx
+2755	5737	1	3	5	15	55	755	755	2755	2755	110	111	ZBAAAA	RMIAAA	HHHHxx
+6844	5738	0	0	4	4	44	844	844	1844	6844	88	89	GDAAAA	SMIAAA	OOOOxx
+8594	5739	0	2	4	14	94	594	594	3594	8594	188	189	OSAAAA	TMIAAA	VVVVxx
+704	5740	0	0	4	4	4	704	704	704	704	8	9	CBAAAA	UMIAAA	AAAAxx
+1681	5741	1	1	1	1	81	681	1681	1681	1681	162	163	RMAAAA	VMIAAA	HHHHxx
+364	5742	0	0	4	4	64	364	364	364	364	128	129	AOAAAA	WMIAAA	OOOOxx
+2928	5743	0	0	8	8	28	928	928	2928	2928	56	57	QIAAAA	XMIAAA	VVVVxx
+117	5744	1	1	7	17	17	117	117	117	117	34	35	NEAAAA	YMIAAA	AAAAxx
+96	5745	0	0	6	16	96	96	96	96	96	192	193	SDAAAA	ZMIAAA	HHHHxx
+7796	5746	0	0	6	16	96	796	1796	2796	7796	192	193	WNAAAA	ANIAAA	OOOOxx
+3101	5747	1	1	1	1	1	101	1101	3101	3101	2	3	HPAAAA	BNIAAA	VVVVxx
+3397	5748	1	1	7	17	97	397	1397	3397	3397	194	195	RAAAAA	CNIAAA	AAAAxx
+1605	5749	1	1	5	5	5	605	1605	1605	1605	10	11	TJAAAA	DNIAAA	HHHHxx
+4881	5750	1	1	1	1	81	881	881	4881	4881	162	163	TFAAAA	ENIAAA	OOOOxx
+4521	5751	1	1	1	1	21	521	521	4521	4521	42	43	XRAAAA	FNIAAA	VVVVxx
+6430	5752	0	2	0	10	30	430	430	1430	6430	60	61	INAAAA	GNIAAA	AAAAxx
+282	5753	0	2	2	2	82	282	282	282	282	164	165	WKAAAA	HNIAAA	HHHHxx
+9645	5754	1	1	5	5	45	645	1645	4645	9645	90	91	ZGAAAA	INIAAA	OOOOxx
+8946	5755	0	2	6	6	46	946	946	3946	8946	92	93	CGAAAA	JNIAAA	VVVVxx
+5064	5756	0	0	4	4	64	64	1064	64	5064	128	129	UMAAAA	KNIAAA	AAAAxx
+7470	5757	0	2	0	10	70	470	1470	2470	7470	140	141	IBAAAA	LNIAAA	HHHHxx
+5886	5758	0	2	6	6	86	886	1886	886	5886	172	173	KSAAAA	MNIAAA	OOOOxx
+6280	5759	0	0	0	0	80	280	280	1280	6280	160	161	OHAAAA	NNIAAA	VVVVxx
+5247	5760	1	3	7	7	47	247	1247	247	5247	94	95	VTAAAA	ONIAAA	AAAAxx
+412	5761	0	0	2	12	12	412	412	412	412	24	25	WPAAAA	PNIAAA	HHHHxx
+5342	5762	0	2	2	2	42	342	1342	342	5342	84	85	MXAAAA	QNIAAA	OOOOxx
+2271	5763	1	3	1	11	71	271	271	2271	2271	142	143	JJAAAA	RNIAAA	VVVVxx
+849	5764	1	1	9	9	49	849	849	849	849	98	99	RGAAAA	SNIAAA	AAAAxx
+1885	5765	1	1	5	5	85	885	1885	1885	1885	170	171	NUAAAA	TNIAAA	HHHHxx
+5620	5766	0	0	0	0	20	620	1620	620	5620	40	41	EIAAAA	UNIAAA	OOOOxx
+7079	5767	1	3	9	19	79	79	1079	2079	7079	158	159	HMAAAA	VNIAAA	VVVVxx
+5819	5768	1	3	9	19	19	819	1819	819	5819	38	39	VPAAAA	WNIAAA	AAAAxx
+7497	5769	1	1	7	17	97	497	1497	2497	7497	194	195	JCAAAA	XNIAAA	HHHHxx
+5993	5770	1	1	3	13	93	993	1993	993	5993	186	187	NWAAAA	YNIAAA	OOOOxx
+3739	5771	1	3	9	19	39	739	1739	3739	3739	78	79	VNAAAA	ZNIAAA	VVVVxx
+6296	5772	0	0	6	16	96	296	296	1296	6296	192	193	EIAAAA	AOIAAA	AAAAxx
+2716	5773	0	0	6	16	16	716	716	2716	2716	32	33	MAAAAA	BOIAAA	HHHHxx
+1130	5774	0	2	0	10	30	130	1130	1130	1130	60	61	MRAAAA	COIAAA	OOOOxx
+5593	5775	1	1	3	13	93	593	1593	593	5593	186	187	DHAAAA	DOIAAA	VVVVxx
+6972	5776	0	0	2	12	72	972	972	1972	6972	144	145	EIAAAA	EOIAAA	AAAAxx
+8360	5777	0	0	0	0	60	360	360	3360	8360	120	121	OJAAAA	FOIAAA	HHHHxx
+6448	5778	0	0	8	8	48	448	448	1448	6448	96	97	AOAAAA	GOIAAA	OOOOxx
+3689	5779	1	1	9	9	89	689	1689	3689	3689	178	179	XLAAAA	HOIAAA	VVVVxx
+7951	5780	1	3	1	11	51	951	1951	2951	7951	102	103	VTAAAA	IOIAAA	AAAAxx
+2974	5781	0	2	4	14	74	974	974	2974	2974	148	149	KKAAAA	JOIAAA	HHHHxx
+6600	5782	0	0	0	0	0	600	600	1600	6600	0	1	WTAAAA	KOIAAA	OOOOxx
+4662	5783	0	2	2	2	62	662	662	4662	4662	124	125	IXAAAA	LOIAAA	VVVVxx
+4765	5784	1	1	5	5	65	765	765	4765	4765	130	131	HBAAAA	MOIAAA	AAAAxx
+355	5785	1	3	5	15	55	355	355	355	355	110	111	RNAAAA	NOIAAA	HHHHxx
+6228	5786	0	0	8	8	28	228	228	1228	6228	56	57	OFAAAA	OOIAAA	OOOOxx
+964	5787	0	0	4	4	64	964	964	964	964	128	129	CLAAAA	POIAAA	VVVVxx
+3082	5788	0	2	2	2	82	82	1082	3082	3082	164	165	OOAAAA	QOIAAA	AAAAxx
+7028	5789	0	0	8	8	28	28	1028	2028	7028	56	57	IKAAAA	ROIAAA	HHHHxx
+4505	5790	1	1	5	5	5	505	505	4505	4505	10	11	HRAAAA	SOIAAA	OOOOxx
+8961	5791	1	1	1	1	61	961	961	3961	8961	122	123	RGAAAA	TOIAAA	VVVVxx
+9571	5792	1	3	1	11	71	571	1571	4571	9571	142	143	DEAAAA	UOIAAA	AAAAxx
+9394	5793	0	2	4	14	94	394	1394	4394	9394	188	189	IXAAAA	VOIAAA	HHHHxx
+4245	5794	1	1	5	5	45	245	245	4245	4245	90	91	HHAAAA	WOIAAA	OOOOxx
+7560	5795	0	0	0	0	60	560	1560	2560	7560	120	121	UEAAAA	XOIAAA	VVVVxx
+2907	5796	1	3	7	7	7	907	907	2907	2907	14	15	VHAAAA	YOIAAA	AAAAxx
+7817	5797	1	1	7	17	17	817	1817	2817	7817	34	35	ROAAAA	ZOIAAA	HHHHxx
+5408	5798	0	0	8	8	8	408	1408	408	5408	16	17	AAAAAA	APIAAA	OOOOxx
+8092	5799	0	0	2	12	92	92	92	3092	8092	184	185	GZAAAA	BPIAAA	VVVVxx
+1309	5800	1	1	9	9	9	309	1309	1309	1309	18	19	JYAAAA	CPIAAA	AAAAxx
+6673	5801	1	1	3	13	73	673	673	1673	6673	146	147	RWAAAA	DPIAAA	HHHHxx
+1245	5802	1	1	5	5	45	245	1245	1245	1245	90	91	XVAAAA	EPIAAA	OOOOxx
+6790	5803	0	2	0	10	90	790	790	1790	6790	180	181	EBAAAA	FPIAAA	VVVVxx
+8380	5804	0	0	0	0	80	380	380	3380	8380	160	161	IKAAAA	GPIAAA	AAAAxx
+5786	5805	0	2	6	6	86	786	1786	786	5786	172	173	OOAAAA	HPIAAA	HHHHxx
+9590	5806	0	2	0	10	90	590	1590	4590	9590	180	181	WEAAAA	IPIAAA	OOOOxx
+5763	5807	1	3	3	3	63	763	1763	763	5763	126	127	RNAAAA	JPIAAA	VVVVxx
+1345	5808	1	1	5	5	45	345	1345	1345	1345	90	91	TZAAAA	KPIAAA	AAAAxx
+3480	5809	0	0	0	0	80	480	1480	3480	3480	160	161	WDAAAA	LPIAAA	HHHHxx
+7864	5810	0	0	4	4	64	864	1864	2864	7864	128	129	MQAAAA	MPIAAA	OOOOxx
+4853	5811	1	1	3	13	53	853	853	4853	4853	106	107	REAAAA	NPIAAA	VVVVxx
+1445	5812	1	1	5	5	45	445	1445	1445	1445	90	91	PDAAAA	OPIAAA	AAAAxx
+170	5813	0	2	0	10	70	170	170	170	170	140	141	OGAAAA	PPIAAA	HHHHxx
+7348	5814	0	0	8	8	48	348	1348	2348	7348	96	97	QWAAAA	QPIAAA	OOOOxx
+3920	5815	0	0	0	0	20	920	1920	3920	3920	40	41	UUAAAA	RPIAAA	VVVVxx
+3307	5816	1	3	7	7	7	307	1307	3307	3307	14	15	FXAAAA	SPIAAA	AAAAxx
+4584	5817	0	0	4	4	84	584	584	4584	4584	168	169	IUAAAA	TPIAAA	HHHHxx
+3344	5818	0	0	4	4	44	344	1344	3344	3344	88	89	QYAAAA	UPIAAA	OOOOxx
+4360	5819	0	0	0	0	60	360	360	4360	4360	120	121	SLAAAA	VPIAAA	VVVVxx
+8757	5820	1	1	7	17	57	757	757	3757	8757	114	115	VYAAAA	WPIAAA	AAAAxx
+4315	5821	1	3	5	15	15	315	315	4315	4315	30	31	ZJAAAA	XPIAAA	HHHHxx
+5243	5822	1	3	3	3	43	243	1243	243	5243	86	87	RTAAAA	YPIAAA	OOOOxx
+8550	5823	0	2	0	10	50	550	550	3550	8550	100	101	WQAAAA	ZPIAAA	VVVVxx
+159	5824	1	3	9	19	59	159	159	159	159	118	119	DGAAAA	AQIAAA	AAAAxx
+4710	5825	0	2	0	10	10	710	710	4710	4710	20	21	EZAAAA	BQIAAA	HHHHxx
+7179	5826	1	3	9	19	79	179	1179	2179	7179	158	159	DQAAAA	CQIAAA	OOOOxx
+2509	5827	1	1	9	9	9	509	509	2509	2509	18	19	NSAAAA	DQIAAA	VVVVxx
+6981	5828	1	1	1	1	81	981	981	1981	6981	162	163	NIAAAA	EQIAAA	AAAAxx
+5060	5829	0	0	0	0	60	60	1060	60	5060	120	121	QMAAAA	FQIAAA	HHHHxx
+5601	5830	1	1	1	1	1	601	1601	601	5601	2	3	LHAAAA	GQIAAA	OOOOxx
+703	5831	1	3	3	3	3	703	703	703	703	6	7	BBAAAA	HQIAAA	VVVVxx
+8719	5832	1	3	9	19	19	719	719	3719	8719	38	39	JXAAAA	IQIAAA	AAAAxx
+1570	5833	0	2	0	10	70	570	1570	1570	1570	140	141	KIAAAA	JQIAAA	HHHHxx
+1036	5834	0	0	6	16	36	36	1036	1036	1036	72	73	WNAAAA	KQIAAA	OOOOxx
+6703	5835	1	3	3	3	3	703	703	1703	6703	6	7	VXAAAA	LQIAAA	VVVVxx
+252	5836	0	0	2	12	52	252	252	252	252	104	105	SJAAAA	MQIAAA	AAAAxx
+631	5837	1	3	1	11	31	631	631	631	631	62	63	HYAAAA	NQIAAA	HHHHxx
+5098	5838	0	2	8	18	98	98	1098	98	5098	196	197	COAAAA	OQIAAA	OOOOxx
+8346	5839	0	2	6	6	46	346	346	3346	8346	92	93	AJAAAA	PQIAAA	VVVVxx
+4910	5840	0	2	0	10	10	910	910	4910	4910	20	21	WGAAAA	QQIAAA	AAAAxx
+559	5841	1	3	9	19	59	559	559	559	559	118	119	NVAAAA	RQIAAA	HHHHxx
+1477	5842	1	1	7	17	77	477	1477	1477	1477	154	155	VEAAAA	SQIAAA	OOOOxx
+5115	5843	1	3	5	15	15	115	1115	115	5115	30	31	TOAAAA	TQIAAA	VVVVxx
+8784	5844	0	0	4	4	84	784	784	3784	8784	168	169	WZAAAA	UQIAAA	AAAAxx
+4422	5845	0	2	2	2	22	422	422	4422	4422	44	45	COAAAA	VQIAAA	HHHHxx
+2702	5846	0	2	2	2	2	702	702	2702	2702	4	5	YZAAAA	WQIAAA	OOOOxx
+9599	5847	1	3	9	19	99	599	1599	4599	9599	198	199	FFAAAA	XQIAAA	VVVVxx
+2463	5848	1	3	3	3	63	463	463	2463	2463	126	127	TQAAAA	YQIAAA	AAAAxx
+498	5849	0	2	8	18	98	498	498	498	498	196	197	ETAAAA	ZQIAAA	HHHHxx
+494	5850	0	2	4	14	94	494	494	494	494	188	189	ATAAAA	ARIAAA	OOOOxx
+8632	5851	0	0	2	12	32	632	632	3632	8632	64	65	AUAAAA	BRIAAA	VVVVxx
+3449	5852	1	1	9	9	49	449	1449	3449	3449	98	99	RCAAAA	CRIAAA	AAAAxx
+5888	5853	0	0	8	8	88	888	1888	888	5888	176	177	MSAAAA	DRIAAA	HHHHxx
+2211	5854	1	3	1	11	11	211	211	2211	2211	22	23	BHAAAA	ERIAAA	OOOOxx
+2835	5855	1	3	5	15	35	835	835	2835	2835	70	71	BFAAAA	FRIAAA	VVVVxx
+4196	5856	0	0	6	16	96	196	196	4196	4196	192	193	KFAAAA	GRIAAA	AAAAxx
+2177	5857	1	1	7	17	77	177	177	2177	2177	154	155	TFAAAA	HRIAAA	HHHHxx
+1959	5858	1	3	9	19	59	959	1959	1959	1959	118	119	JXAAAA	IRIAAA	OOOOxx
+5172	5859	0	0	2	12	72	172	1172	172	5172	144	145	YQAAAA	JRIAAA	VVVVxx
+7898	5860	0	2	8	18	98	898	1898	2898	7898	196	197	URAAAA	KRIAAA	AAAAxx
+5729	5861	1	1	9	9	29	729	1729	729	5729	58	59	JMAAAA	LRIAAA	HHHHxx
+469	5862	1	1	9	9	69	469	469	469	469	138	139	BSAAAA	MRIAAA	OOOOxx
+4456	5863	0	0	6	16	56	456	456	4456	4456	112	113	KPAAAA	NRIAAA	VVVVxx
+3578	5864	0	2	8	18	78	578	1578	3578	3578	156	157	QHAAAA	ORIAAA	AAAAxx
+8623	5865	1	3	3	3	23	623	623	3623	8623	46	47	RTAAAA	PRIAAA	HHHHxx
+6749	5866	1	1	9	9	49	749	749	1749	6749	98	99	PZAAAA	QRIAAA	OOOOxx
+6735	5867	1	3	5	15	35	735	735	1735	6735	70	71	BZAAAA	RRIAAA	VVVVxx
+5197	5868	1	1	7	17	97	197	1197	197	5197	194	195	XRAAAA	SRIAAA	AAAAxx
+2067	5869	1	3	7	7	67	67	67	2067	2067	134	135	NBAAAA	TRIAAA	HHHHxx
+5600	5870	0	0	0	0	0	600	1600	600	5600	0	1	KHAAAA	URIAAA	OOOOxx
+7741	5871	1	1	1	1	41	741	1741	2741	7741	82	83	TLAAAA	VRIAAA	VVVVxx
+9925	5872	1	1	5	5	25	925	1925	4925	9925	50	51	TRAAAA	WRIAAA	AAAAxx
+9685	5873	1	1	5	5	85	685	1685	4685	9685	170	171	NIAAAA	XRIAAA	HHHHxx
+7622	5874	0	2	2	2	22	622	1622	2622	7622	44	45	EHAAAA	YRIAAA	OOOOxx
+6859	5875	1	3	9	19	59	859	859	1859	6859	118	119	VDAAAA	ZRIAAA	VVVVxx
+3094	5876	0	2	4	14	94	94	1094	3094	3094	188	189	APAAAA	ASIAAA	AAAAxx
+2628	5877	0	0	8	8	28	628	628	2628	2628	56	57	CXAAAA	BSIAAA	HHHHxx
+40	5878	0	0	0	0	40	40	40	40	40	80	81	OBAAAA	CSIAAA	OOOOxx
+1644	5879	0	0	4	4	44	644	1644	1644	1644	88	89	GLAAAA	DSIAAA	VVVVxx
+588	5880	0	0	8	8	88	588	588	588	588	176	177	QWAAAA	ESIAAA	AAAAxx
+7522	5881	0	2	2	2	22	522	1522	2522	7522	44	45	IDAAAA	FSIAAA	HHHHxx
+162	5882	0	2	2	2	62	162	162	162	162	124	125	GGAAAA	GSIAAA	OOOOxx
+3610	5883	0	2	0	10	10	610	1610	3610	3610	20	21	WIAAAA	HSIAAA	VVVVxx
+3561	5884	1	1	1	1	61	561	1561	3561	3561	122	123	ZGAAAA	ISIAAA	AAAAxx
+8185	5885	1	1	5	5	85	185	185	3185	8185	170	171	VCAAAA	JSIAAA	HHHHxx
+7237	5886	1	1	7	17	37	237	1237	2237	7237	74	75	JSAAAA	KSIAAA	OOOOxx
+4592	5887	0	0	2	12	92	592	592	4592	4592	184	185	QUAAAA	LSIAAA	VVVVxx
+7082	5888	0	2	2	2	82	82	1082	2082	7082	164	165	KMAAAA	MSIAAA	AAAAxx
+4719	5889	1	3	9	19	19	719	719	4719	4719	38	39	NZAAAA	NSIAAA	HHHHxx
+3879	5890	1	3	9	19	79	879	1879	3879	3879	158	159	FTAAAA	OSIAAA	OOOOxx
+1662	5891	0	2	2	2	62	662	1662	1662	1662	124	125	YLAAAA	PSIAAA	VVVVxx
+3995	5892	1	3	5	15	95	995	1995	3995	3995	190	191	RXAAAA	QSIAAA	AAAAxx
+5828	5893	0	0	8	8	28	828	1828	828	5828	56	57	EQAAAA	RSIAAA	HHHHxx
+4197	5894	1	1	7	17	97	197	197	4197	4197	194	195	LFAAAA	SSIAAA	OOOOxx
+5146	5895	0	2	6	6	46	146	1146	146	5146	92	93	YPAAAA	TSIAAA	VVVVxx
+753	5896	1	1	3	13	53	753	753	753	753	106	107	ZCAAAA	USIAAA	AAAAxx
+7064	5897	0	0	4	4	64	64	1064	2064	7064	128	129	SLAAAA	VSIAAA	HHHHxx
+1312	5898	0	0	2	12	12	312	1312	1312	1312	24	25	MYAAAA	WSIAAA	OOOOxx
+5573	5899	1	1	3	13	73	573	1573	573	5573	146	147	JGAAAA	XSIAAA	VVVVxx
+7634	5900	0	2	4	14	34	634	1634	2634	7634	68	69	QHAAAA	YSIAAA	AAAAxx
+2459	5901	1	3	9	19	59	459	459	2459	2459	118	119	PQAAAA	ZSIAAA	HHHHxx
+8636	5902	0	0	6	16	36	636	636	3636	8636	72	73	EUAAAA	ATIAAA	OOOOxx
+5318	5903	0	2	8	18	18	318	1318	318	5318	36	37	OWAAAA	BTIAAA	VVVVxx
+1064	5904	0	0	4	4	64	64	1064	1064	1064	128	129	YOAAAA	CTIAAA	AAAAxx
+9779	5905	1	3	9	19	79	779	1779	4779	9779	158	159	DMAAAA	DTIAAA	HHHHxx
+6512	5906	0	0	2	12	12	512	512	1512	6512	24	25	MQAAAA	ETIAAA	OOOOxx
+3572	5907	0	0	2	12	72	572	1572	3572	3572	144	145	KHAAAA	FTIAAA	VVVVxx
+816	5908	0	0	6	16	16	816	816	816	816	32	33	KFAAAA	GTIAAA	AAAAxx
+3978	5909	0	2	8	18	78	978	1978	3978	3978	156	157	AXAAAA	HTIAAA	HHHHxx
+5390	5910	0	2	0	10	90	390	1390	390	5390	180	181	IZAAAA	ITIAAA	OOOOxx
+4685	5911	1	1	5	5	85	685	685	4685	4685	170	171	FYAAAA	JTIAAA	VVVVxx
+3003	5912	1	3	3	3	3	3	1003	3003	3003	6	7	NLAAAA	KTIAAA	AAAAxx
+2638	5913	0	2	8	18	38	638	638	2638	2638	76	77	MXAAAA	LTIAAA	HHHHxx
+9716	5914	0	0	6	16	16	716	1716	4716	9716	32	33	SJAAAA	MTIAAA	OOOOxx
+9598	5915	0	2	8	18	98	598	1598	4598	9598	196	197	EFAAAA	NTIAAA	VVVVxx
+9501	5916	1	1	1	1	1	501	1501	4501	9501	2	3	LBAAAA	OTIAAA	AAAAxx
+1704	5917	0	0	4	4	4	704	1704	1704	1704	8	9	ONAAAA	PTIAAA	HHHHxx
+8609	5918	1	1	9	9	9	609	609	3609	8609	18	19	DTAAAA	QTIAAA	OOOOxx
+5211	5919	1	3	1	11	11	211	1211	211	5211	22	23	LSAAAA	RTIAAA	VVVVxx
+3605	5920	1	1	5	5	5	605	1605	3605	3605	10	11	RIAAAA	STIAAA	AAAAxx
+8730	5921	0	2	0	10	30	730	730	3730	8730	60	61	UXAAAA	TTIAAA	HHHHxx
+4208	5922	0	0	8	8	8	208	208	4208	4208	16	17	WFAAAA	UTIAAA	OOOOxx
+7784	5923	0	0	4	4	84	784	1784	2784	7784	168	169	KNAAAA	VTIAAA	VVVVxx
+7501	5924	1	1	1	1	1	501	1501	2501	7501	2	3	NCAAAA	WTIAAA	AAAAxx
+7862	5925	0	2	2	2	62	862	1862	2862	7862	124	125	KQAAAA	XTIAAA	HHHHxx
+8922	5926	0	2	2	2	22	922	922	3922	8922	44	45	EFAAAA	YTIAAA	OOOOxx
+3857	5927	1	1	7	17	57	857	1857	3857	3857	114	115	JSAAAA	ZTIAAA	VVVVxx
+6393	5928	1	1	3	13	93	393	393	1393	6393	186	187	XLAAAA	AUIAAA	AAAAxx
+506	5929	0	2	6	6	6	506	506	506	506	12	13	MTAAAA	BUIAAA	HHHHxx
+4232	5930	0	0	2	12	32	232	232	4232	4232	64	65	UGAAAA	CUIAAA	OOOOxx
+8991	5931	1	3	1	11	91	991	991	3991	8991	182	183	VHAAAA	DUIAAA	VVVVxx
+8578	5932	0	2	8	18	78	578	578	3578	8578	156	157	YRAAAA	EUIAAA	AAAAxx
+3235	5933	1	3	5	15	35	235	1235	3235	3235	70	71	LUAAAA	FUIAAA	HHHHxx
+963	5934	1	3	3	3	63	963	963	963	963	126	127	BLAAAA	GUIAAA	OOOOxx
+113	5935	1	1	3	13	13	113	113	113	113	26	27	JEAAAA	HUIAAA	VVVVxx
+8234	5936	0	2	4	14	34	234	234	3234	8234	68	69	SEAAAA	IUIAAA	AAAAxx
+2613	5937	1	1	3	13	13	613	613	2613	2613	26	27	NWAAAA	JUIAAA	HHHHxx
+5540	5938	0	0	0	0	40	540	1540	540	5540	80	81	CFAAAA	KUIAAA	OOOOxx
+9727	5939	1	3	7	7	27	727	1727	4727	9727	54	55	DKAAAA	LUIAAA	VVVVxx
+2229	5940	1	1	9	9	29	229	229	2229	2229	58	59	THAAAA	MUIAAA	AAAAxx
+6242	5941	0	2	2	2	42	242	242	1242	6242	84	85	CGAAAA	NUIAAA	HHHHxx
+2502	5942	0	2	2	2	2	502	502	2502	2502	4	5	GSAAAA	OUIAAA	OOOOxx
+6212	5943	0	0	2	12	12	212	212	1212	6212	24	25	YEAAAA	PUIAAA	VVVVxx
+3495	5944	1	3	5	15	95	495	1495	3495	3495	190	191	LEAAAA	QUIAAA	AAAAxx
+2364	5945	0	0	4	4	64	364	364	2364	2364	128	129	YMAAAA	RUIAAA	HHHHxx
+6777	5946	1	1	7	17	77	777	777	1777	6777	154	155	RAAAAA	SUIAAA	OOOOxx
+9811	5947	1	3	1	11	11	811	1811	4811	9811	22	23	JNAAAA	TUIAAA	VVVVxx
+1450	5948	0	2	0	10	50	450	1450	1450	1450	100	101	UDAAAA	UUIAAA	AAAAxx
+5008	5949	0	0	8	8	8	8	1008	8	5008	16	17	QKAAAA	VUIAAA	HHHHxx
+1318	5950	0	2	8	18	18	318	1318	1318	1318	36	37	SYAAAA	WUIAAA	OOOOxx
+3373	5951	1	1	3	13	73	373	1373	3373	3373	146	147	TZAAAA	XUIAAA	VVVVxx
+398	5952	0	2	8	18	98	398	398	398	398	196	197	IPAAAA	YUIAAA	AAAAxx
+3804	5953	0	0	4	4	4	804	1804	3804	3804	8	9	IQAAAA	ZUIAAA	HHHHxx
+9148	5954	0	0	8	8	48	148	1148	4148	9148	96	97	WNAAAA	AVIAAA	OOOOxx
+4382	5955	0	2	2	2	82	382	382	4382	4382	164	165	OMAAAA	BVIAAA	VVVVxx
+4026	5956	0	2	6	6	26	26	26	4026	4026	52	53	WYAAAA	CVIAAA	AAAAxx
+7804	5957	0	0	4	4	4	804	1804	2804	7804	8	9	EOAAAA	DVIAAA	HHHHxx
+6839	5958	1	3	9	19	39	839	839	1839	6839	78	79	BDAAAA	EVIAAA	OOOOxx
+3756	5959	0	0	6	16	56	756	1756	3756	3756	112	113	MOAAAA	FVIAAA	VVVVxx
+6734	5960	0	2	4	14	34	734	734	1734	6734	68	69	AZAAAA	GVIAAA	AAAAxx
+2228	5961	0	0	8	8	28	228	228	2228	2228	56	57	SHAAAA	HVIAAA	HHHHxx
+3273	5962	1	1	3	13	73	273	1273	3273	3273	146	147	XVAAAA	IVIAAA	OOOOxx
+3708	5963	0	0	8	8	8	708	1708	3708	3708	16	17	QMAAAA	JVIAAA	VVVVxx
+4320	5964	0	0	0	0	20	320	320	4320	4320	40	41	EKAAAA	KVIAAA	AAAAxx
+74	5965	0	2	4	14	74	74	74	74	74	148	149	WCAAAA	LVIAAA	HHHHxx
+2520	5966	0	0	0	0	20	520	520	2520	2520	40	41	YSAAAA	MVIAAA	OOOOxx
+9619	5967	1	3	9	19	19	619	1619	4619	9619	38	39	ZFAAAA	NVIAAA	VVVVxx
+1801	5968	1	1	1	1	1	801	1801	1801	1801	2	3	HRAAAA	OVIAAA	AAAAxx
+6399	5969	1	3	9	19	99	399	399	1399	6399	198	199	DMAAAA	PVIAAA	HHHHxx
+8313	5970	1	1	3	13	13	313	313	3313	8313	26	27	THAAAA	QVIAAA	OOOOxx
+7003	5971	1	3	3	3	3	3	1003	2003	7003	6	7	JJAAAA	RVIAAA	VVVVxx
+329	5972	1	1	9	9	29	329	329	329	329	58	59	RMAAAA	SVIAAA	AAAAxx
+9090	5973	0	2	0	10	90	90	1090	4090	9090	180	181	QLAAAA	TVIAAA	HHHHxx
+2299	5974	1	3	9	19	99	299	299	2299	2299	198	199	LKAAAA	UVIAAA	OOOOxx
+3925	5975	1	1	5	5	25	925	1925	3925	3925	50	51	ZUAAAA	VVIAAA	VVVVxx
+8145	5976	1	1	5	5	45	145	145	3145	8145	90	91	HBAAAA	WVIAAA	AAAAxx
+8561	5977	1	1	1	1	61	561	561	3561	8561	122	123	HRAAAA	XVIAAA	HHHHxx
+2797	5978	1	1	7	17	97	797	797	2797	2797	194	195	PDAAAA	YVIAAA	OOOOxx
+1451	5979	1	3	1	11	51	451	1451	1451	1451	102	103	VDAAAA	ZVIAAA	VVVVxx
+7977	5980	1	1	7	17	77	977	1977	2977	7977	154	155	VUAAAA	AWIAAA	AAAAxx
+112	5981	0	0	2	12	12	112	112	112	112	24	25	IEAAAA	BWIAAA	HHHHxx
+5265	5982	1	1	5	5	65	265	1265	265	5265	130	131	NUAAAA	CWIAAA	OOOOxx
+3819	5983	1	3	9	19	19	819	1819	3819	3819	38	39	XQAAAA	DWIAAA	VVVVxx
+3648	5984	0	0	8	8	48	648	1648	3648	3648	96	97	IKAAAA	EWIAAA	AAAAxx
+6306	5985	0	2	6	6	6	306	306	1306	6306	12	13	OIAAAA	FWIAAA	HHHHxx
+2385	5986	1	1	5	5	85	385	385	2385	2385	170	171	TNAAAA	GWIAAA	OOOOxx
+9084	5987	0	0	4	4	84	84	1084	4084	9084	168	169	KLAAAA	HWIAAA	VVVVxx
+4499	5988	1	3	9	19	99	499	499	4499	4499	198	199	BRAAAA	IWIAAA	AAAAxx
+1154	5989	0	2	4	14	54	154	1154	1154	1154	108	109	KSAAAA	JWIAAA	HHHHxx
+6800	5990	0	0	0	0	0	800	800	1800	6800	0	1	OBAAAA	KWIAAA	OOOOxx
+8049	5991	1	1	9	9	49	49	49	3049	8049	98	99	PXAAAA	LWIAAA	VVVVxx
+3733	5992	1	1	3	13	33	733	1733	3733	3733	66	67	PNAAAA	MWIAAA	AAAAxx
+8496	5993	0	0	6	16	96	496	496	3496	8496	192	193	UOAAAA	NWIAAA	HHHHxx
+9952	5994	0	0	2	12	52	952	1952	4952	9952	104	105	USAAAA	OWIAAA	OOOOxx
+9792	5995	0	0	2	12	92	792	1792	4792	9792	184	185	QMAAAA	PWIAAA	VVVVxx
+5081	5996	1	1	1	1	81	81	1081	81	5081	162	163	LNAAAA	QWIAAA	AAAAxx
+7908	5997	0	0	8	8	8	908	1908	2908	7908	16	17	ESAAAA	RWIAAA	HHHHxx
+5398	5998	0	2	8	18	98	398	1398	398	5398	196	197	QZAAAA	SWIAAA	OOOOxx
+8423	5999	1	3	3	3	23	423	423	3423	8423	46	47	ZLAAAA	TWIAAA	VVVVxx
+3362	6000	0	2	2	2	62	362	1362	3362	3362	124	125	IZAAAA	UWIAAA	AAAAxx
+7767	6001	1	3	7	7	67	767	1767	2767	7767	134	135	TMAAAA	VWIAAA	HHHHxx
+7063	6002	1	3	3	3	63	63	1063	2063	7063	126	127	RLAAAA	WWIAAA	OOOOxx
+8350	6003	0	2	0	10	50	350	350	3350	8350	100	101	EJAAAA	XWIAAA	VVVVxx
+6779	6004	1	3	9	19	79	779	779	1779	6779	158	159	TAAAAA	YWIAAA	AAAAxx
+5742	6005	0	2	2	2	42	742	1742	742	5742	84	85	WMAAAA	ZWIAAA	HHHHxx
+9045	6006	1	1	5	5	45	45	1045	4045	9045	90	91	XJAAAA	AXIAAA	OOOOxx
+8792	6007	0	0	2	12	92	792	792	3792	8792	184	185	EAAAAA	BXIAAA	VVVVxx
+8160	6008	0	0	0	0	60	160	160	3160	8160	120	121	WBAAAA	CXIAAA	AAAAxx
+3061	6009	1	1	1	1	61	61	1061	3061	3061	122	123	TNAAAA	DXIAAA	HHHHxx
+4721	6010	1	1	1	1	21	721	721	4721	4721	42	43	PZAAAA	EXIAAA	OOOOxx
+9817	6011	1	1	7	17	17	817	1817	4817	9817	34	35	PNAAAA	FXIAAA	VVVVxx
+9257	6012	1	1	7	17	57	257	1257	4257	9257	114	115	BSAAAA	GXIAAA	AAAAxx
+7779	6013	1	3	9	19	79	779	1779	2779	7779	158	159	FNAAAA	HXIAAA	HHHHxx
+2663	6014	1	3	3	3	63	663	663	2663	2663	126	127	LYAAAA	IXIAAA	OOOOxx
+3885	6015	1	1	5	5	85	885	1885	3885	3885	170	171	LTAAAA	JXIAAA	VVVVxx
+9469	6016	1	1	9	9	69	469	1469	4469	9469	138	139	FAAAAA	KXIAAA	AAAAxx
+6766	6017	0	2	6	6	66	766	766	1766	6766	132	133	GAAAAA	LXIAAA	HHHHxx
+7173	6018	1	1	3	13	73	173	1173	2173	7173	146	147	XPAAAA	MXIAAA	OOOOxx
+4709	6019	1	1	9	9	9	709	709	4709	4709	18	19	DZAAAA	NXIAAA	VVVVxx
+4210	6020	0	2	0	10	10	210	210	4210	4210	20	21	YFAAAA	OXIAAA	AAAAxx
+3715	6021	1	3	5	15	15	715	1715	3715	3715	30	31	XMAAAA	PXIAAA	HHHHxx
+5089	6022	1	1	9	9	89	89	1089	89	5089	178	179	TNAAAA	QXIAAA	OOOOxx
+1639	6023	1	3	9	19	39	639	1639	1639	1639	78	79	BLAAAA	RXIAAA	VVVVxx
+5757	6024	1	1	7	17	57	757	1757	757	5757	114	115	LNAAAA	SXIAAA	AAAAxx
+3545	6025	1	1	5	5	45	545	1545	3545	3545	90	91	JGAAAA	TXIAAA	HHHHxx
+709	6026	1	1	9	9	9	709	709	709	709	18	19	HBAAAA	UXIAAA	OOOOxx
+6519	6027	1	3	9	19	19	519	519	1519	6519	38	39	TQAAAA	VXIAAA	VVVVxx
+4341	6028	1	1	1	1	41	341	341	4341	4341	82	83	ZKAAAA	WXIAAA	AAAAxx
+2381	6029	1	1	1	1	81	381	381	2381	2381	162	163	PNAAAA	XXIAAA	HHHHxx
+7215	6030	1	3	5	15	15	215	1215	2215	7215	30	31	NRAAAA	YXIAAA	OOOOxx
+9323	6031	1	3	3	3	23	323	1323	4323	9323	46	47	PUAAAA	ZXIAAA	VVVVxx
+3593	6032	1	1	3	13	93	593	1593	3593	3593	186	187	FIAAAA	AYIAAA	AAAAxx
+3123	6033	1	3	3	3	23	123	1123	3123	3123	46	47	DQAAAA	BYIAAA	HHHHxx
+8673	6034	1	1	3	13	73	673	673	3673	8673	146	147	PVAAAA	CYIAAA	OOOOxx
+5094	6035	0	2	4	14	94	94	1094	94	5094	188	189	YNAAAA	DYIAAA	VVVVxx
+6477	6036	1	1	7	17	77	477	477	1477	6477	154	155	DPAAAA	EYIAAA	AAAAxx
+9734	6037	0	2	4	14	34	734	1734	4734	9734	68	69	KKAAAA	FYIAAA	HHHHxx
+2998	6038	0	2	8	18	98	998	998	2998	2998	196	197	ILAAAA	GYIAAA	OOOOxx
+7807	6039	1	3	7	7	7	807	1807	2807	7807	14	15	HOAAAA	HYIAAA	VVVVxx
+5739	6040	1	3	9	19	39	739	1739	739	5739	78	79	TMAAAA	IYIAAA	AAAAxx
+138	6041	0	2	8	18	38	138	138	138	138	76	77	IFAAAA	JYIAAA	HHHHxx
+2403	6042	1	3	3	3	3	403	403	2403	2403	6	7	LOAAAA	KYIAAA	OOOOxx
+2484	6043	0	0	4	4	84	484	484	2484	2484	168	169	ORAAAA	LYIAAA	VVVVxx
+2805	6044	1	1	5	5	5	805	805	2805	2805	10	11	XDAAAA	MYIAAA	AAAAxx
+5189	6045	1	1	9	9	89	189	1189	189	5189	178	179	PRAAAA	NYIAAA	HHHHxx
+8336	6046	0	0	6	16	36	336	336	3336	8336	72	73	QIAAAA	OYIAAA	OOOOxx
+5241	6047	1	1	1	1	41	241	1241	241	5241	82	83	PTAAAA	PYIAAA	VVVVxx
+2612	6048	0	0	2	12	12	612	612	2612	2612	24	25	MWAAAA	QYIAAA	AAAAxx
+2571	6049	1	3	1	11	71	571	571	2571	2571	142	143	XUAAAA	RYIAAA	HHHHxx
+926	6050	0	2	6	6	26	926	926	926	926	52	53	QJAAAA	SYIAAA	OOOOxx
+337	6051	1	1	7	17	37	337	337	337	337	74	75	ZMAAAA	TYIAAA	VVVVxx
+2821	6052	1	1	1	1	21	821	821	2821	2821	42	43	NEAAAA	UYIAAA	AAAAxx
+2658	6053	0	2	8	18	58	658	658	2658	2658	116	117	GYAAAA	VYIAAA	HHHHxx
+9054	6054	0	2	4	14	54	54	1054	4054	9054	108	109	GKAAAA	WYIAAA	OOOOxx
+5492	6055	0	0	2	12	92	492	1492	492	5492	184	185	GDAAAA	XYIAAA	VVVVxx
+7313	6056	1	1	3	13	13	313	1313	2313	7313	26	27	HVAAAA	YYIAAA	AAAAxx
+75	6057	1	3	5	15	75	75	75	75	75	150	151	XCAAAA	ZYIAAA	HHHHxx
+5489	6058	1	1	9	9	89	489	1489	489	5489	178	179	DDAAAA	AZIAAA	OOOOxx
+8413	6059	1	1	3	13	13	413	413	3413	8413	26	27	PLAAAA	BZIAAA	VVVVxx
+3693	6060	1	1	3	13	93	693	1693	3693	3693	186	187	BMAAAA	CZIAAA	AAAAxx
+9820	6061	0	0	0	0	20	820	1820	4820	9820	40	41	SNAAAA	DZIAAA	HHHHxx
+8157	6062	1	1	7	17	57	157	157	3157	8157	114	115	TBAAAA	EZIAAA	OOOOxx
+4161	6063	1	1	1	1	61	161	161	4161	4161	122	123	BEAAAA	FZIAAA	VVVVxx
+8339	6064	1	3	9	19	39	339	339	3339	8339	78	79	TIAAAA	GZIAAA	AAAAxx
+4141	6065	1	1	1	1	41	141	141	4141	4141	82	83	HDAAAA	HZIAAA	HHHHxx
+9001	6066	1	1	1	1	1	1	1001	4001	9001	2	3	FIAAAA	IZIAAA	OOOOxx
+8247	6067	1	3	7	7	47	247	247	3247	8247	94	95	FFAAAA	JZIAAA	VVVVxx
+1182	6068	0	2	2	2	82	182	1182	1182	1182	164	165	MTAAAA	KZIAAA	AAAAxx
+9876	6069	0	0	6	16	76	876	1876	4876	9876	152	153	WPAAAA	LZIAAA	HHHHxx
+4302	6070	0	2	2	2	2	302	302	4302	4302	4	5	MJAAAA	MZIAAA	OOOOxx
+6674	6071	0	2	4	14	74	674	674	1674	6674	148	149	SWAAAA	NZIAAA	VVVVxx
+4214	6072	0	2	4	14	14	214	214	4214	4214	28	29	CGAAAA	OZIAAA	AAAAxx
+5584	6073	0	0	4	4	84	584	1584	584	5584	168	169	UGAAAA	PZIAAA	HHHHxx
+265	6074	1	1	5	5	65	265	265	265	265	130	131	FKAAAA	QZIAAA	OOOOxx
+9207	6075	1	3	7	7	7	207	1207	4207	9207	14	15	DQAAAA	RZIAAA	VVVVxx
+9434	6076	0	2	4	14	34	434	1434	4434	9434	68	69	WYAAAA	SZIAAA	AAAAxx
+2921	6077	1	1	1	1	21	921	921	2921	2921	42	43	JIAAAA	TZIAAA	HHHHxx
+9355	6078	1	3	5	15	55	355	1355	4355	9355	110	111	VVAAAA	UZIAAA	OOOOxx
+8538	6079	0	2	8	18	38	538	538	3538	8538	76	77	KQAAAA	VZIAAA	VVVVxx
+4559	6080	1	3	9	19	59	559	559	4559	4559	118	119	JTAAAA	WZIAAA	AAAAxx
+9175	6081	1	3	5	15	75	175	1175	4175	9175	150	151	XOAAAA	XZIAAA	HHHHxx
+4489	6082	1	1	9	9	89	489	489	4489	4489	178	179	RQAAAA	YZIAAA	OOOOxx
+1485	6083	1	1	5	5	85	485	1485	1485	1485	170	171	DFAAAA	ZZIAAA	VVVVxx
+8853	6084	1	1	3	13	53	853	853	3853	8853	106	107	NCAAAA	AAJAAA	AAAAxx
+9143	6085	1	3	3	3	43	143	1143	4143	9143	86	87	RNAAAA	BAJAAA	HHHHxx
+9551	6086	1	3	1	11	51	551	1551	4551	9551	102	103	JDAAAA	CAJAAA	OOOOxx
+49	6087	1	1	9	9	49	49	49	49	49	98	99	XBAAAA	DAJAAA	VVVVxx
+8351	6088	1	3	1	11	51	351	351	3351	8351	102	103	FJAAAA	EAJAAA	AAAAxx
+9748	6089	0	0	8	8	48	748	1748	4748	9748	96	97	YKAAAA	FAJAAA	HHHHxx
+4536	6090	0	0	6	16	36	536	536	4536	4536	72	73	MSAAAA	GAJAAA	OOOOxx
+930	6091	0	2	0	10	30	930	930	930	930	60	61	UJAAAA	HAJAAA	VVVVxx
+2206	6092	0	2	6	6	6	206	206	2206	2206	12	13	WGAAAA	IAJAAA	AAAAxx
+8004	6093	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	3004	8004	8	9	WVAAAA	JAJAAA	HHHHxx
+219	6094	1	3	9	19	19	219	219	219	219	38	39	LIAAAA	KAJAAA	OOOOxx
+2724	6095	0	0	4	4	24	724	724	2724	2724	48	49	UAAAAA	LAJAAA	VVVVxx
+4868	6096	0	0	8	8	68	868	868	4868	4868	136	137	GFAAAA	MAJAAA	AAAAxx
+5952	6097	0	0	2	12	52	952	1952	952	5952	104	105	YUAAAA	NAJAAA	HHHHxx
+2094	6098	0	2	4	14	94	94	94	2094	2094	188	189	OCAAAA	OAJAAA	OOOOxx
+5707	6099	1	3	7	7	7	707	1707	707	5707	14	15	NLAAAA	PAJAAA	VVVVxx
+5200	6100	0	0	0	0	0	200	1200	200	5200	0	1	ASAAAA	QAJAAA	AAAAxx
+967	6101	1	3	7	7	67	967	967	967	967	134	135	FLAAAA	RAJAAA	HHHHxx
+1982	6102	0	2	2	2	82	982	1982	1982	1982	164	165	GYAAAA	SAJAAA	OOOOxx
+3410	6103	0	2	0	10	10	410	1410	3410	3410	20	21	EBAAAA	TAJAAA	VVVVxx
+174	6104	0	2	4	14	74	174	174	174	174	148	149	SGAAAA	UAJAAA	AAAAxx
+9217	6105	1	1	7	17	17	217	1217	4217	9217	34	35	NQAAAA	VAJAAA	HHHHxx
+9103	6106	1	3	3	3	3	103	1103	4103	9103	6	7	DMAAAA	WAJAAA	OOOOxx
+868	6107	0	0	8	8	68	868	868	868	868	136	137	KHAAAA	XAJAAA	VVVVxx
+8261	6108	1	1	1	1	61	261	261	3261	8261	122	123	TFAAAA	YAJAAA	AAAAxx
+2720	6109	0	0	0	0	20	720	720	2720	2720	40	41	QAAAAA	ZAJAAA	HHHHxx
+2999	6110	1	3	9	19	99	999	999	2999	2999	198	199	JLAAAA	ABJAAA	OOOOxx
+769	6111	1	1	9	9	69	769	769	769	769	138	139	PDAAAA	BBJAAA	VVVVxx
+4533	6112	1	1	3	13	33	533	533	4533	4533	66	67	JSAAAA	CBJAAA	AAAAxx
+2030	6113	0	2	0	10	30	30	30	2030	2030	60	61	CAAAAA	DBJAAA	HHHHxx
+5824	6114	0	0	4	4	24	824	1824	824	5824	48	49	AQAAAA	EBJAAA	OOOOxx
+2328	6115	0	0	8	8	28	328	328	2328	2328	56	57	OLAAAA	FBJAAA	VVVVxx
+9970	6116	0	2	0	10	70	970	1970	4970	9970	140	141	MTAAAA	GBJAAA	AAAAxx
+3192	6117	0	0	2	12	92	192	1192	3192	3192	184	185	USAAAA	HBJAAA	HHHHxx
+3387	6118	1	3	7	7	87	387	1387	3387	3387	174	175	HAAAAA	IBJAAA	OOOOxx
+1936	6119	0	0	6	16	36	936	1936	1936	1936	72	73	MWAAAA	JBJAAA	VVVVxx
+6934	6120	0	2	4	14	34	934	934	1934	6934	68	69	SGAAAA	KBJAAA	AAAAxx
+5615	6121	1	3	5	15	15	615	1615	615	5615	30	31	ZHAAAA	LBJAAA	HHHHxx
+2241	6122	1	1	1	1	41	241	241	2241	2241	82	83	FIAAAA	MBJAAA	OOOOxx
+1842	6123	0	2	2	2	42	842	1842	1842	1842	84	85	WSAAAA	NBJAAA	VVVVxx
+8044	6124	0	0	4	4	44	44	44	3044	8044	88	89	KXAAAA	OBJAAA	AAAAxx
+8902	6125	0	2	2	2	2	902	902	3902	8902	4	5	KEAAAA	PBJAAA	HHHHxx
+4519	6126	1	3	9	19	19	519	519	4519	4519	38	39	VRAAAA	QBJAAA	OOOOxx
+492	6127	0	0	2	12	92	492	492	492	492	184	185	YSAAAA	RBJAAA	VVVVxx
+2694	6128	0	2	4	14	94	694	694	2694	2694	188	189	QZAAAA	SBJAAA	AAAAxx
+5861	6129	1	1	1	1	61	861	1861	861	5861	122	123	LRAAAA	TBJAAA	HHHHxx
+2104	6130	0	0	4	4	4	104	104	2104	2104	8	9	YCAAAA	UBJAAA	OOOOxx
+5376	6131	0	0	6	16	76	376	1376	376	5376	152	153	UYAAAA	VBJAAA	VVVVxx
+3147	6132	1	3	7	7	47	147	1147	3147	3147	94	95	BRAAAA	WBJAAA	AAAAxx
+9880	6133	0	0	0	0	80	880	1880	4880	9880	160	161	AQAAAA	XBJAAA	HHHHxx
+6171	6134	1	3	1	11	71	171	171	1171	6171	142	143	JDAAAA	YBJAAA	OOOOxx
+1850	6135	0	2	0	10	50	850	1850	1850	1850	100	101	ETAAAA	ZBJAAA	VVVVxx
+1775	6136	1	3	5	15	75	775	1775	1775	1775	150	151	HQAAAA	ACJAAA	AAAAxx
+9261	6137	1	1	1	1	61	261	1261	4261	9261	122	123	FSAAAA	BCJAAA	HHHHxx
+9648	6138	0	0	8	8	48	648	1648	4648	9648	96	97	CHAAAA	CCJAAA	OOOOxx
+7846	6139	0	2	6	6	46	846	1846	2846	7846	92	93	UPAAAA	DCJAAA	VVVVxx
+1446	6140	0	2	6	6	46	446	1446	1446	1446	92	93	QDAAAA	ECJAAA	AAAAxx
+3139	6141	1	3	9	19	39	139	1139	3139	3139	78	79	TQAAAA	FCJAAA	HHHHxx
+6142	6142	0	2	2	2	42	142	142	1142	6142	84	85	GCAAAA	GCJAAA	OOOOxx
+5812	6143	0	0	2	12	12	812	1812	812	5812	24	25	OPAAAA	HCJAAA	VVVVxx
+6728	6144	0	0	8	8	28	728	728	1728	6728	56	57	UYAAAA	ICJAAA	AAAAxx
+4428	6145	0	0	8	8	28	428	428	4428	4428	56	57	IOAAAA	JCJAAA	HHHHxx
+502	6146	0	2	2	2	2	502	502	502	502	4	5	ITAAAA	KCJAAA	OOOOxx
+2363	6147	1	3	3	3	63	363	363	2363	2363	126	127	XMAAAA	LCJAAA	VVVVxx
+3808	6148	0	0	8	8	8	808	1808	3808	3808	16	17	MQAAAA	MCJAAA	AAAAxx
+1010	6149	0	2	0	10	10	10	1010	1010	1010	20	21	WMAAAA	NCJAAA	HHHHxx
+9565	6150	1	1	5	5	65	565	1565	4565	9565	130	131	XDAAAA	OCJAAA	OOOOxx
+1587	6151	1	3	7	7	87	587	1587	1587	1587	174	175	BJAAAA	PCJAAA	VVVVxx
+1474	6152	0	2	4	14	74	474	1474	1474	1474	148	149	SEAAAA	QCJAAA	AAAAxx
+6215	6153	1	3	5	15	15	215	215	1215	6215	30	31	BFAAAA	RCJAAA	HHHHxx
+2395	6154	1	3	5	15	95	395	395	2395	2395	190	191	DOAAAA	SCJAAA	OOOOxx
+8753	6155	1	1	3	13	53	753	753	3753	8753	106	107	RYAAAA	TCJAAA	VVVVxx
+2446	6156	0	2	6	6	46	446	446	2446	2446	92	93	CQAAAA	UCJAAA	AAAAxx
+60	6157	0	0	0	0	60	60	60	60	60	120	121	ICAAAA	VCJAAA	HHHHxx
+982	6158	0	2	2	2	82	982	982	982	982	164	165	ULAAAA	WCJAAA	OOOOxx
+6489	6159	1	1	9	9	89	489	489	1489	6489	178	179	PPAAAA	XCJAAA	VVVVxx
+5334	6160	0	2	4	14	34	334	1334	334	5334	68	69	EXAAAA	YCJAAA	AAAAxx
+8540	6161	0	0	0	0	40	540	540	3540	8540	80	81	MQAAAA	ZCJAAA	HHHHxx
+490	6162	0	2	0	10	90	490	490	490	490	180	181	WSAAAA	ADJAAA	OOOOxx
+6763	6163	1	3	3	3	63	763	763	1763	6763	126	127	DAAAAA	BDJAAA	VVVVxx
+8273	6164	1	1	3	13	73	273	273	3273	8273	146	147	FGAAAA	CDJAAA	AAAAxx
+8327	6165	1	3	7	7	27	327	327	3327	8327	54	55	HIAAAA	DDJAAA	HHHHxx
+8541	6166	1	1	1	1	41	541	541	3541	8541	82	83	NQAAAA	EDJAAA	OOOOxx
+3459	6167	1	3	9	19	59	459	1459	3459	3459	118	119	BDAAAA	FDJAAA	VVVVxx
+5557	6168	1	1	7	17	57	557	1557	557	5557	114	115	TFAAAA	GDJAAA	AAAAxx
+158	6169	0	2	8	18	58	158	158	158	158	116	117	CGAAAA	HDJAAA	HHHHxx
+1741	6170	1	1	1	1	41	741	1741	1741	1741	82	83	ZOAAAA	IDJAAA	OOOOxx
+8385	6171	1	1	5	5	85	385	385	3385	8385	170	171	NKAAAA	JDJAAA	VVVVxx
+617	6172	1	1	7	17	17	617	617	617	617	34	35	TXAAAA	KDJAAA	AAAAxx
+3560	6173	0	0	0	0	60	560	1560	3560	3560	120	121	YGAAAA	LDJAAA	HHHHxx
+5216	6174	0	0	6	16	16	216	1216	216	5216	32	33	QSAAAA	MDJAAA	OOOOxx
+8443	6175	1	3	3	3	43	443	443	3443	8443	86	87	TMAAAA	NDJAAA	VVVVxx
+2700	6176	0	0	0	0	0	700	700	2700	2700	0	1	WZAAAA	ODJAAA	AAAAxx
+3661	6177	1	1	1	1	61	661	1661	3661	3661	122	123	VKAAAA	PDJAAA	HHHHxx
+4875	6178	1	3	5	15	75	875	875	4875	4875	150	151	NFAAAA	QDJAAA	OOOOxx
+6721	6179	1	1	1	1	21	721	721	1721	6721	42	43	NYAAAA	RDJAAA	VVVVxx
+3659	6180	1	3	9	19	59	659	1659	3659	3659	118	119	TKAAAA	SDJAAA	AAAAxx
+8944	6181	0	0	4	4	44	944	944	3944	8944	88	89	AGAAAA	TDJAAA	HHHHxx
+9133	6182	1	1	3	13	33	133	1133	4133	9133	66	67	HNAAAA	UDJAAA	OOOOxx
+9882	6183	0	2	2	2	82	882	1882	4882	9882	164	165	CQAAAA	VDJAAA	VVVVxx
+2102	6184	0	2	2	2	2	102	102	2102	2102	4	5	WCAAAA	WDJAAA	AAAAxx
+9445	6185	1	1	5	5	45	445	1445	4445	9445	90	91	HZAAAA	XDJAAA	HHHHxx
+5559	6186	1	3	9	19	59	559	1559	559	5559	118	119	VFAAAA	YDJAAA	OOOOxx
+6096	6187	0	0	6	16	96	96	96	1096	6096	192	193	MAAAAA	ZDJAAA	VVVVxx
+9336	6188	0	0	6	16	36	336	1336	4336	9336	72	73	CVAAAA	AEJAAA	AAAAxx
+2162	6189	0	2	2	2	62	162	162	2162	2162	124	125	EFAAAA	BEJAAA	HHHHxx
+7459	6190	1	3	9	19	59	459	1459	2459	7459	118	119	XAAAAA	CEJAAA	OOOOxx
+3248	6191	0	0	8	8	48	248	1248	3248	3248	96	97	YUAAAA	DEJAAA	VVVVxx
+9539	6192	1	3	9	19	39	539	1539	4539	9539	78	79	XCAAAA	EEJAAA	AAAAxx
+4449	6193	1	1	9	9	49	449	449	4449	4449	98	99	DPAAAA	FEJAAA	HHHHxx
+2809	6194	1	1	9	9	9	809	809	2809	2809	18	19	BEAAAA	GEJAAA	OOOOxx
+7058	6195	0	2	8	18	58	58	1058	2058	7058	116	117	MLAAAA	HEJAAA	VVVVxx
+3512	6196	0	0	2	12	12	512	1512	3512	3512	24	25	CFAAAA	IEJAAA	AAAAxx
+2802	6197	0	2	2	2	2	802	802	2802	2802	4	5	UDAAAA	JEJAAA	HHHHxx
+6289	6198	1	1	9	9	89	289	289	1289	6289	178	179	XHAAAA	KEJAAA	OOOOxx
+1947	6199	1	3	7	7	47	947	1947	1947	1947	94	95	XWAAAA	LEJAAA	VVVVxx
+9572	6200	0	0	2	12	72	572	1572	4572	9572	144	145	EEAAAA	MEJAAA	AAAAxx
+2356	6201	0	0	6	16	56	356	356	2356	2356	112	113	QMAAAA	NEJAAA	HHHHxx
+3039	6202	1	3	9	19	39	39	1039	3039	3039	78	79	XMAAAA	OEJAAA	OOOOxx
+9452	6203	0	0	2	12	52	452	1452	4452	9452	104	105	OZAAAA	PEJAAA	VVVVxx
+6328	6204	0	0	8	8	28	328	328	1328	6328	56	57	KJAAAA	QEJAAA	AAAAxx
+7661	6205	1	1	1	1	61	661	1661	2661	7661	122	123	RIAAAA	REJAAA	HHHHxx
+2566	6206	0	2	6	6	66	566	566	2566	2566	132	133	SUAAAA	SEJAAA	OOOOxx
+6095	6207	1	3	5	15	95	95	95	1095	6095	190	191	LAAAAA	TEJAAA	VVVVxx
+6367	6208	1	3	7	7	67	367	367	1367	6367	134	135	XKAAAA	UEJAAA	AAAAxx
+3368	6209	0	0	8	8	68	368	1368	3368	3368	136	137	OZAAAA	VEJAAA	HHHHxx
+5567	6210	1	3	7	7	67	567	1567	567	5567	134	135	DGAAAA	WEJAAA	OOOOxx
+9834	6211	0	2	4	14	34	834	1834	4834	9834	68	69	GOAAAA	XEJAAA	VVVVxx
+9695	6212	1	3	5	15	95	695	1695	4695	9695	190	191	XIAAAA	YEJAAA	AAAAxx
+7291	6213	1	3	1	11	91	291	1291	2291	7291	182	183	LUAAAA	ZEJAAA	HHHHxx
+4806	6214	0	2	6	6	6	806	806	4806	4806	12	13	WCAAAA	AFJAAA	OOOOxx
+2000	6215	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2000	2000	0	1	YYAAAA	BFJAAA	VVVVxx
+6817	6216	1	1	7	17	17	817	817	1817	6817	34	35	FCAAAA	CFJAAA	AAAAxx
+8487	6217	1	3	7	7	87	487	487	3487	8487	174	175	LOAAAA	DFJAAA	HHHHxx
+3245	6218	1	1	5	5	45	245	1245	3245	3245	90	91	VUAAAA	EFJAAA	OOOOxx
+632	6219	0	0	2	12	32	632	632	632	632	64	65	IYAAAA	FFJAAA	VVVVxx
+8067	6220	1	3	7	7	67	67	67	3067	8067	134	135	HYAAAA	GFJAAA	AAAAxx
+7140	6221	0	0	0	0	40	140	1140	2140	7140	80	81	QOAAAA	HFJAAA	HHHHxx
+6802	6222	0	2	2	2	2	802	802	1802	6802	4	5	QBAAAA	IFJAAA	OOOOxx
+3980	6223	0	0	0	0	80	980	1980	3980	3980	160	161	CXAAAA	JFJAAA	VVVVxx
+1321	6224	1	1	1	1	21	321	1321	1321	1321	42	43	VYAAAA	KFJAAA	AAAAxx
+2273	6225	1	1	3	13	73	273	273	2273	2273	146	147	LJAAAA	LFJAAA	HHHHxx
+6787	6226	1	3	7	7	87	787	787	1787	6787	174	175	BBAAAA	MFJAAA	OOOOxx
+9480	6227	0	0	0	0	80	480	1480	4480	9480	160	161	QAAAAA	NFJAAA	VVVVxx
+9404	6228	0	0	4	4	4	404	1404	4404	9404	8	9	SXAAAA	OFJAAA	AAAAxx
+3914	6229	0	2	4	14	14	914	1914	3914	3914	28	29	OUAAAA	PFJAAA	HHHHxx
+5507	6230	1	3	7	7	7	507	1507	507	5507	14	15	VDAAAA	QFJAAA	OOOOxx
+1813	6231	1	1	3	13	13	813	1813	1813	1813	26	27	TRAAAA	RFJAAA	VVVVxx
+1999	6232	1	3	9	19	99	999	1999	1999	1999	198	199	XYAAAA	SFJAAA	AAAAxx
+3848	6233	0	0	8	8	48	848	1848	3848	3848	96	97	ASAAAA	TFJAAA	HHHHxx
+9693	6234	1	1	3	13	93	693	1693	4693	9693	186	187	VIAAAA	UFJAAA	OOOOxx
+1353	6235	1	1	3	13	53	353	1353	1353	1353	106	107	BAAAAA	VFJAAA	VVVVxx
+7218	6236	0	2	8	18	18	218	1218	2218	7218	36	37	QRAAAA	WFJAAA	AAAAxx
+8223	6237	1	3	3	3	23	223	223	3223	8223	46	47	HEAAAA	XFJAAA	HHHHxx
+9982	6238	0	2	2	2	82	982	1982	4982	9982	164	165	YTAAAA	YFJAAA	OOOOxx
+8799	6239	1	3	9	19	99	799	799	3799	8799	198	199	LAAAAA	ZFJAAA	VVVVxx
+8929	6240	1	1	9	9	29	929	929	3929	8929	58	59	LFAAAA	AGJAAA	AAAAxx
+4626	6241	0	2	6	6	26	626	626	4626	4626	52	53	YVAAAA	BGJAAA	HHHHxx
+7958	6242	0	2	8	18	58	958	1958	2958	7958	116	117	CUAAAA	CGJAAA	OOOOxx
+3743	6243	1	3	3	3	43	743	1743	3743	3743	86	87	ZNAAAA	DGJAAA	VVVVxx
+8165	6244	1	1	5	5	65	165	165	3165	8165	130	131	BCAAAA	EGJAAA	AAAAxx
+7899	6245	1	3	9	19	99	899	1899	2899	7899	198	199	VRAAAA	FGJAAA	HHHHxx
+8698	6246	0	2	8	18	98	698	698	3698	8698	196	197	OWAAAA	GGJAAA	OOOOxx
+9270	6247	0	2	0	10	70	270	1270	4270	9270	140	141	OSAAAA	HGJAAA	VVVVxx
+6348	6248	0	0	8	8	48	348	348	1348	6348	96	97	EKAAAA	IGJAAA	AAAAxx
+6999	6249	1	3	9	19	99	999	999	1999	6999	198	199	FJAAAA	JGJAAA	HHHHxx
+8467	6250	1	3	7	7	67	467	467	3467	8467	134	135	RNAAAA	KGJAAA	OOOOxx
+3907	6251	1	3	7	7	7	907	1907	3907	3907	14	15	HUAAAA	LGJAAA	VVVVxx
+4738	6252	0	2	8	18	38	738	738	4738	4738	76	77	GAAAAA	MGJAAA	AAAAxx
+248	6253	0	0	8	8	48	248	248	248	248	96	97	OJAAAA	NGJAAA	HHHHxx
+8769	6254	1	1	9	9	69	769	769	3769	8769	138	139	HZAAAA	OGJAAA	OOOOxx
+9922	6255	0	2	2	2	22	922	1922	4922	9922	44	45	QRAAAA	PGJAAA	VVVVxx
+778	6256	0	2	8	18	78	778	778	778	778	156	157	YDAAAA	QGJAAA	AAAAxx
+1233	6257	1	1	3	13	33	233	1233	1233	1233	66	67	LVAAAA	RGJAAA	HHHHxx
+1183	6258	1	3	3	3	83	183	1183	1183	1183	166	167	NTAAAA	SGJAAA	OOOOxx
+2838	6259	0	2	8	18	38	838	838	2838	2838	76	77	EFAAAA	TGJAAA	VVVVxx
+3096	6260	0	0	6	16	96	96	1096	3096	3096	192	193	CPAAAA	UGJAAA	AAAAxx
+8566	6261	0	2	6	6	66	566	566	3566	8566	132	133	MRAAAA	VGJAAA	HHHHxx
+7635	6262	1	3	5	15	35	635	1635	2635	7635	70	71	RHAAAA	WGJAAA	OOOOxx
+5428	6263	0	0	8	8	28	428	1428	428	5428	56	57	UAAAAA	XGJAAA	VVVVxx
+7430	6264	0	2	0	10	30	430	1430	2430	7430	60	61	UZAAAA	YGJAAA	AAAAxx
+7210	6265	0	2	0	10	10	210	1210	2210	7210	20	21	IRAAAA	ZGJAAA	HHHHxx
+4485	6266	1	1	5	5	85	485	485	4485	4485	170	171	NQAAAA	AHJAAA	OOOOxx
+9623	6267	1	3	3	3	23	623	1623	4623	9623	46	47	DGAAAA	BHJAAA	VVVVxx
+3670	6268	0	2	0	10	70	670	1670	3670	3670	140	141	ELAAAA	CHJAAA	AAAAxx
+1575	6269	1	3	5	15	75	575	1575	1575	1575	150	151	PIAAAA	DHJAAA	HHHHxx
+5874	6270	0	2	4	14	74	874	1874	874	5874	148	149	YRAAAA	EHJAAA	OOOOxx
+673	6271	1	1	3	13	73	673	673	673	673	146	147	XZAAAA	FHJAAA	VVVVxx
+9712	6272	0	0	2	12	12	712	1712	4712	9712	24	25	OJAAAA	GHJAAA	AAAAxx
+7729	6273	1	1	9	9	29	729	1729	2729	7729	58	59	HLAAAA	HHJAAA	HHHHxx
+4318	6274	0	2	8	18	18	318	318	4318	4318	36	37	CKAAAA	IHJAAA	OOOOxx
+4143	6275	1	3	3	3	43	143	143	4143	4143	86	87	JDAAAA	JHJAAA	VVVVxx
+4932	6276	0	0	2	12	32	932	932	4932	4932	64	65	SHAAAA	KHJAAA	AAAAxx
+5835	6277	1	3	5	15	35	835	1835	835	5835	70	71	LQAAAA	LHJAAA	HHHHxx
+4966	6278	0	2	6	6	66	966	966	4966	4966	132	133	AJAAAA	MHJAAA	OOOOxx
+6711	6279	1	3	1	11	11	711	711	1711	6711	22	23	DYAAAA	NHJAAA	VVVVxx
+3990	6280	0	2	0	10	90	990	1990	3990	3990	180	181	MXAAAA	OHJAAA	AAAAxx
+990	6281	0	2	0	10	90	990	990	990	990	180	181	CMAAAA	PHJAAA	HHHHxx
+220	6282	0	0	0	0	20	220	220	220	220	40	41	MIAAAA	QHJAAA	OOOOxx
+5693	6283	1	1	3	13	93	693	1693	693	5693	186	187	ZKAAAA	RHJAAA	VVVVxx
+3662	6284	0	2	2	2	62	662	1662	3662	3662	124	125	WKAAAA	SHJAAA	AAAAxx
+7844	6285	0	0	4	4	44	844	1844	2844	7844	88	89	SPAAAA	THJAAA	HHHHxx
+5515	6286	1	3	5	15	15	515	1515	515	5515	30	31	DEAAAA	UHJAAA	OOOOxx
+5551	6287	1	3	1	11	51	551	1551	551	5551	102	103	NFAAAA	VHJAAA	VVVVxx
+2358	6288	0	2	8	18	58	358	358	2358	2358	116	117	SMAAAA	WHJAAA	AAAAxx
+8977	6289	1	1	7	17	77	977	977	3977	8977	154	155	HHAAAA	XHJAAA	HHHHxx
+7040	6290	0	0	0	0	40	40	1040	2040	7040	80	81	UKAAAA	YHJAAA	OOOOxx
+105	6291	1	1	5	5	5	105	105	105	105	10	11	BEAAAA	ZHJAAA	VVVVxx
+4496	6292	0	0	6	16	96	496	496	4496	4496	192	193	YQAAAA	AIJAAA	AAAAxx
+2254	6293	0	2	4	14	54	254	254	2254	2254	108	109	SIAAAA	BIJAAA	HHHHxx
+411	6294	1	3	1	11	11	411	411	411	411	22	23	VPAAAA	CIJAAA	OOOOxx
+2373	6295	1	1	3	13	73	373	373	2373	2373	146	147	HNAAAA	DIJAAA	VVVVxx
+3477	6296	1	1	7	17	77	477	1477	3477	3477	154	155	TDAAAA	EIJAAA	AAAAxx
+8964	6297	0	0	4	4	64	964	964	3964	8964	128	129	UGAAAA	FIJAAA	HHHHxx
+8471	6298	1	3	1	11	71	471	471	3471	8471	142	143	VNAAAA	GIJAAA	OOOOxx
+5776	6299	0	0	6	16	76	776	1776	776	5776	152	153	EOAAAA	HIJAAA	VVVVxx
+9921	6300	1	1	1	1	21	921	1921	4921	9921	42	43	PRAAAA	IIJAAA	AAAAxx
+7816	6301	0	0	6	16	16	816	1816	2816	7816	32	33	QOAAAA	JIJAAA	HHHHxx
+2439	6302	1	3	9	19	39	439	439	2439	2439	78	79	VPAAAA	KIJAAA	OOOOxx
+9298	6303	0	2	8	18	98	298	1298	4298	9298	196	197	QTAAAA	LIJAAA	VVVVxx
+9424	6304	0	0	4	4	24	424	1424	4424	9424	48	49	MYAAAA	MIJAAA	AAAAxx
+3252	6305	0	0	2	12	52	252	1252	3252	3252	104	105	CVAAAA	NIJAAA	HHHHxx
+1401	6306	1	1	1	1	1	401	1401	1401	1401	2	3	XBAAAA	OIJAAA	OOOOxx
+9632	6307	0	0	2	12	32	632	1632	4632	9632	64	65	MGAAAA	PIJAAA	VVVVxx
+370	6308	0	2	0	10	70	370	370	370	370	140	141	GOAAAA	QIJAAA	AAAAxx
+728	6309	0	0	8	8	28	728	728	728	728	56	57	ACAAAA	RIJAAA	HHHHxx
+2888	6310	0	0	8	8	88	888	888	2888	2888	176	177	CHAAAA	SIJAAA	OOOOxx
+1441	6311	1	1	1	1	41	441	1441	1441	1441	82	83	LDAAAA	TIJAAA	VVVVxx
+8308	6312	0	0	8	8	8	308	308	3308	8308	16	17	OHAAAA	UIJAAA	AAAAxx
+2165	6313	1	1	5	5	65	165	165	2165	2165	130	131	HFAAAA	VIJAAA	HHHHxx
+6359	6314	1	3	9	19	59	359	359	1359	6359	118	119	PKAAAA	WIJAAA	OOOOxx
+9637	6315	1	1	7	17	37	637	1637	4637	9637	74	75	RGAAAA	XIJAAA	VVVVxx
+5208	6316	0	0	8	8	8	208	1208	208	5208	16	17	ISAAAA	YIJAAA	AAAAxx
+4705	6317	1	1	5	5	5	705	705	4705	4705	10	11	ZYAAAA	ZIJAAA	HHHHxx
+2341	6318	1	1	1	1	41	341	341	2341	2341	82	83	BMAAAA	AJJAAA	OOOOxx
+8539	6319	1	3	9	19	39	539	539	3539	8539	78	79	LQAAAA	BJJAAA	VVVVxx
+7528	6320	0	0	8	8	28	528	1528	2528	7528	56	57	ODAAAA	CJJAAA	AAAAxx
+7969	6321	1	1	9	9	69	969	1969	2969	7969	138	139	NUAAAA	DJJAAA	HHHHxx
+6381	6322	1	1	1	1	81	381	381	1381	6381	162	163	LLAAAA	EJJAAA	OOOOxx
+4906	6323	0	2	6	6	6	906	906	4906	4906	12	13	SGAAAA	FJJAAA	VVVVxx
+8697	6324	1	1	7	17	97	697	697	3697	8697	194	195	NWAAAA	GJJAAA	AAAAxx
+6301	6325	1	1	1	1	1	301	301	1301	6301	2	3	JIAAAA	HJJAAA	HHHHxx
+7554	6326	0	2	4	14	54	554	1554	2554	7554	108	109	OEAAAA	IJJAAA	OOOOxx
+5107	6327	1	3	7	7	7	107	1107	107	5107	14	15	LOAAAA	JJJAAA	VVVVxx
+5046	6328	0	2	6	6	46	46	1046	46	5046	92	93	CMAAAA	KJJAAA	AAAAxx
+4063	6329	1	3	3	3	63	63	63	4063	4063	126	127	HAAAAA	LJJAAA	HHHHxx
+7580	6330	0	0	0	0	80	580	1580	2580	7580	160	161	OFAAAA	MJJAAA	OOOOxx
+2245	6331	1	1	5	5	45	245	245	2245	2245	90	91	JIAAAA	NJJAAA	VVVVxx
+3711	6332	1	3	1	11	11	711	1711	3711	3711	22	23	TMAAAA	OJJAAA	AAAAxx
+3220	6333	0	0	0	0	20	220	1220	3220	3220	40	41	WTAAAA	PJJAAA	HHHHxx
+6463	6334	1	3	3	3	63	463	463	1463	6463	126	127	POAAAA	QJJAAA	OOOOxx
+8196	6335	0	0	6	16	96	196	196	3196	8196	192	193	GDAAAA	RJJAAA	VVVVxx
+9875	6336	1	3	5	15	75	875	1875	4875	9875	150	151	VPAAAA	SJJAAA	AAAAxx
+1333	6337	1	1	3	13	33	333	1333	1333	1333	66	67	HZAAAA	TJJAAA	HHHHxx
+7880	6338	0	0	0	0	80	880	1880	2880	7880	160	161	CRAAAA	UJJAAA	OOOOxx
+2322	6339	0	2	2	2	22	322	322	2322	2322	44	45	ILAAAA	VJJAAA	VVVVxx
+2163	6340	1	3	3	3	63	163	163	2163	2163	126	127	FFAAAA	WJJAAA	AAAAxx
+421	6341	1	1	1	1	21	421	421	421	421	42	43	FQAAAA	XJJAAA	HHHHxx
+2042	6342	0	2	2	2	42	42	42	2042	2042	84	85	OAAAAA	YJJAAA	OOOOxx
+1424	6343	0	0	4	4	24	424	1424	1424	1424	48	49	UCAAAA	ZJJAAA	VVVVxx
+7870	6344	0	2	0	10	70	870	1870	2870	7870	140	141	SQAAAA	AKJAAA	AAAAxx
+2653	6345	1	1	3	13	53	653	653	2653	2653	106	107	BYAAAA	BKJAAA	HHHHxx
+4216	6346	0	0	6	16	16	216	216	4216	4216	32	33	EGAAAA	CKJAAA	OOOOxx
+1515	6347	1	3	5	15	15	515	1515	1515	1515	30	31	HGAAAA	DKJAAA	VVVVxx
+7860	6348	0	0	0	0	60	860	1860	2860	7860	120	121	IQAAAA	EKJAAA	AAAAxx
+2984	6349	0	0	4	4	84	984	984	2984	2984	168	169	UKAAAA	FKJAAA	HHHHxx
+6269	6350	1	1	9	9	69	269	269	1269	6269	138	139	DHAAAA	GKJAAA	OOOOxx
+2609	6351	1	1	9	9	9	609	609	2609	2609	18	19	JWAAAA	HKJAAA	VVVVxx
+3671	6352	1	3	1	11	71	671	1671	3671	3671	142	143	FLAAAA	IKJAAA	AAAAxx
+4544	6353	0	0	4	4	44	544	544	4544	4544	88	89	USAAAA	JKJAAA	HHHHxx
+4668	6354	0	0	8	8	68	668	668	4668	4668	136	137	OXAAAA	KKJAAA	OOOOxx
+2565	6355	1	1	5	5	65	565	565	2565	2565	130	131	RUAAAA	LKJAAA	VVVVxx
+3126	6356	0	2	6	6	26	126	1126	3126	3126	52	53	GQAAAA	MKJAAA	AAAAxx
+7573	6357	1	1	3	13	73	573	1573	2573	7573	146	147	HFAAAA	NKJAAA	HHHHxx
+1476	6358	0	0	6	16	76	476	1476	1476	1476	152	153	UEAAAA	OKJAAA	OOOOxx
+2146	6359	0	2	6	6	46	146	146	2146	2146	92	93	OEAAAA	PKJAAA	VVVVxx
+9990	6360	0	2	0	10	90	990	1990	4990	9990	180	181	GUAAAA	QKJAAA	AAAAxx
+2530	6361	0	2	0	10	30	530	530	2530	2530	60	61	ITAAAA	RKJAAA	HHHHxx
+9288	6362	0	0	8	8	88	288	1288	4288	9288	176	177	GTAAAA	SKJAAA	OOOOxx
+9755	6363	1	3	5	15	55	755	1755	4755	9755	110	111	FLAAAA	TKJAAA	VVVVxx
+5305	6364	1	1	5	5	5	305	1305	305	5305	10	11	BWAAAA	UKJAAA	AAAAxx
+2495	6365	1	3	5	15	95	495	495	2495	2495	190	191	ZRAAAA	VKJAAA	HHHHxx
+5443	6366	1	3	3	3	43	443	1443	443	5443	86	87	JBAAAA	WKJAAA	OOOOxx
+1930	6367	0	2	0	10	30	930	1930	1930	1930	60	61	GWAAAA	XKJAAA	VVVVxx
+9134	6368	0	2	4	14	34	134	1134	4134	9134	68	69	INAAAA	YKJAAA	AAAAxx
+2844	6369	0	0	4	4	44	844	844	2844	2844	88	89	KFAAAA	ZKJAAA	HHHHxx
+896	6370	0	0	6	16	96	896	896	896	896	192	193	MIAAAA	ALJAAA	OOOOxx
+1330	6371	0	2	0	10	30	330	1330	1330	1330	60	61	EZAAAA	BLJAAA	VVVVxx
+8980	6372	0	0	0	0	80	980	980	3980	8980	160	161	KHAAAA	CLJAAA	AAAAxx
+5940	6373	0	0	0	0	40	940	1940	940	5940	80	81	MUAAAA	DLJAAA	HHHHxx
+6494	6374	0	2	4	14	94	494	494	1494	6494	188	189	UPAAAA	ELJAAA	OOOOxx
+165	6375	1	1	5	5	65	165	165	165	165	130	131	JGAAAA	FLJAAA	VVVVxx
+2510	6376	0	2	0	10	10	510	510	2510	2510	20	21	OSAAAA	GLJAAA	AAAAxx
+9950	6377	0	2	0	10	50	950	1950	4950	9950	100	101	SSAAAA	HLJAAA	HHHHxx
+3854	6378	0	2	4	14	54	854	1854	3854	3854	108	109	GSAAAA	ILJAAA	OOOOxx
+7493	6379	1	1	3	13	93	493	1493	2493	7493	186	187	FCAAAA	JLJAAA	VVVVxx
+4124	6380	0	0	4	4	24	124	124	4124	4124	48	49	QCAAAA	KLJAAA	AAAAxx
+8563	6381	1	3	3	3	63	563	563	3563	8563	126	127	JRAAAA	LLJAAA	HHHHxx
+8735	6382	1	3	5	15	35	735	735	3735	8735	70	71	ZXAAAA	MLJAAA	OOOOxx
+9046	6383	0	2	6	6	46	46	1046	4046	9046	92	93	YJAAAA	NLJAAA	VVVVxx
+1754	6384	0	2	4	14	54	754	1754	1754	1754	108	109	MPAAAA	OLJAAA	AAAAxx
+6954	6385	0	2	4	14	54	954	954	1954	6954	108	109	MHAAAA	PLJAAA	HHHHxx
+4953	6386	1	1	3	13	53	953	953	4953	4953	106	107	NIAAAA	QLJAAA	OOOOxx
+8142	6387	0	2	2	2	42	142	142	3142	8142	84	85	EBAAAA	RLJAAA	VVVVxx
+9661	6388	1	1	1	1	61	661	1661	4661	9661	122	123	PHAAAA	SLJAAA	AAAAxx
+6415	6389	1	3	5	15	15	415	415	1415	6415	30	31	TMAAAA	TLJAAA	HHHHxx
+5782	6390	0	2	2	2	82	782	1782	782	5782	164	165	KOAAAA	ULJAAA	OOOOxx
+7721	6391	1	1	1	1	21	721	1721	2721	7721	42	43	ZKAAAA	VLJAAA	VVVVxx
+580	6392	0	0	0	0	80	580	580	580	580	160	161	IWAAAA	WLJAAA	AAAAxx
+3784	6393	0	0	4	4	84	784	1784	3784	3784	168	169	OPAAAA	XLJAAA	HHHHxx
+9810	6394	0	2	0	10	10	810	1810	4810	9810	20	21	INAAAA	YLJAAA	OOOOxx
+8488	6395	0	0	8	8	88	488	488	3488	8488	176	177	MOAAAA	ZLJAAA	VVVVxx
+6214	6396	0	2	4	14	14	214	214	1214	6214	28	29	AFAAAA	AMJAAA	AAAAxx
+9433	6397	1	1	3	13	33	433	1433	4433	9433	66	67	VYAAAA	BMJAAA	HHHHxx
+9959	6398	1	3	9	19	59	959	1959	4959	9959	118	119	BTAAAA	CMJAAA	OOOOxx
+554	6399	0	2	4	14	54	554	554	554	554	108	109	IVAAAA	DMJAAA	VVVVxx
+6646	6400	0	2	6	6	46	646	646	1646	6646	92	93	QVAAAA	EMJAAA	AAAAxx
+1138	6401	0	2	8	18	38	138	1138	1138	1138	76	77	URAAAA	FMJAAA	HHHHxx
+9331	6402	1	3	1	11	31	331	1331	4331	9331	62	63	XUAAAA	GMJAAA	OOOOxx
+7331	6403	1	3	1	11	31	331	1331	2331	7331	62	63	ZVAAAA	HMJAAA	VVVVxx
+3482	6404	0	2	2	2	82	482	1482	3482	3482	164	165	YDAAAA	IMJAAA	AAAAxx
+3795	6405	1	3	5	15	95	795	1795	3795	3795	190	191	ZPAAAA	JMJAAA	HHHHxx
+2441	6406	1	1	1	1	41	441	441	2441	2441	82	83	XPAAAA	KMJAAA	OOOOxx
+5229	6407	1	1	9	9	29	229	1229	229	5229	58	59	DTAAAA	LMJAAA	VVVVxx
+7012	6408	0	0	2	12	12	12	1012	2012	7012	24	25	SJAAAA	MMJAAA	AAAAxx
+7036	6409	0	0	6	16	36	36	1036	2036	7036	72	73	QKAAAA	NMJAAA	HHHHxx
+8243	6410	1	3	3	3	43	243	243	3243	8243	86	87	BFAAAA	OMJAAA	OOOOxx
+9320	6411	0	0	0	0	20	320	1320	4320	9320	40	41	MUAAAA	PMJAAA	VVVVxx
+4693	6412	1	1	3	13	93	693	693	4693	4693	186	187	NYAAAA	QMJAAA	AAAAxx
+6741	6413	1	1	1	1	41	741	741	1741	6741	82	83	HZAAAA	RMJAAA	HHHHxx
+2997	6414	1	1	7	17	97	997	997	2997	2997	194	195	HLAAAA	SMJAAA	OOOOxx
+4838	6415	0	2	8	18	38	838	838	4838	4838	76	77	CEAAAA	TMJAAA	VVVVxx
+6945	6416	1	1	5	5	45	945	945	1945	6945	90	91	DHAAAA	UMJAAA	AAAAxx
+8253	6417	1	1	3	13	53	253	253	3253	8253	106	107	LFAAAA	VMJAAA	HHHHxx
+8989	6418	1	1	9	9	89	989	989	3989	8989	178	179	THAAAA	WMJAAA	OOOOxx
+2640	6419	0	0	0	0	40	640	640	2640	2640	80	81	OXAAAA	XMJAAA	VVVVxx
+5647	6420	1	3	7	7	47	647	1647	647	5647	94	95	FJAAAA	YMJAAA	AAAAxx
+7186	6421	0	2	6	6	86	186	1186	2186	7186	172	173	KQAAAA	ZMJAAA	HHHHxx
+3278	6422	0	2	8	18	78	278	1278	3278	3278	156	157	CWAAAA	ANJAAA	OOOOxx
+8546	6423	0	2	6	6	46	546	546	3546	8546	92	93	SQAAAA	BNJAAA	VVVVxx
+8297	6424	1	1	7	17	97	297	297	3297	8297	194	195	DHAAAA	CNJAAA	AAAAxx
+9534	6425	0	2	4	14	34	534	1534	4534	9534	68	69	SCAAAA	DNJAAA	HHHHxx
+9618	6426	0	2	8	18	18	618	1618	4618	9618	36	37	YFAAAA	ENJAAA	OOOOxx
+8839	6427	1	3	9	19	39	839	839	3839	8839	78	79	ZBAAAA	FNJAAA	VVVVxx
+7605	6428	1	1	5	5	5	605	1605	2605	7605	10	11	NGAAAA	GNJAAA	AAAAxx
+6421	6429	1	1	1	1	21	421	421	1421	6421	42	43	ZMAAAA	HNJAAA	HHHHxx
+3582	6430	0	2	2	2	82	582	1582	3582	3582	164	165	UHAAAA	INJAAA	OOOOxx
+485	6431	1	1	5	5	85	485	485	485	485	170	171	RSAAAA	JNJAAA	VVVVxx
+1925	6432	1	1	5	5	25	925	1925	1925	1925	50	51	BWAAAA	KNJAAA	AAAAxx
+4296	6433	0	0	6	16	96	296	296	4296	4296	192	193	GJAAAA	LNJAAA	HHHHxx
+8874	6434	0	2	4	14	74	874	874	3874	8874	148	149	IDAAAA	MNJAAA	OOOOxx
+1443	6435	1	3	3	3	43	443	1443	1443	1443	86	87	NDAAAA	NNJAAA	VVVVxx
+4239	6436	1	3	9	19	39	239	239	4239	4239	78	79	BHAAAA	ONJAAA	AAAAxx
+9760	6437	0	0	0	0	60	760	1760	4760	9760	120	121	KLAAAA	PNJAAA	HHHHxx
+136	6438	0	0	6	16	36	136	136	136	136	72	73	GFAAAA	QNJAAA	OOOOxx
+6472	6439	0	0	2	12	72	472	472	1472	6472	144	145	YOAAAA	RNJAAA	VVVVxx
+4896	6440	0	0	6	16	96	896	896	4896	4896	192	193	IGAAAA	SNJAAA	AAAAxx
+9028	6441	0	0	8	8	28	28	1028	4028	9028	56	57	GJAAAA	TNJAAA	HHHHxx
+8354	6442	0	2	4	14	54	354	354	3354	8354	108	109	IJAAAA	UNJAAA	OOOOxx
+8648	6443	0	0	8	8	48	648	648	3648	8648	96	97	QUAAAA	VNJAAA	VVVVxx
+918	6444	0	2	8	18	18	918	918	918	918	36	37	IJAAAA	WNJAAA	AAAAxx
+6606	6445	0	2	6	6	6	606	606	1606	6606	12	13	CUAAAA	XNJAAA	HHHHxx
+2462	6446	0	2	2	2	62	462	462	2462	2462	124	125	SQAAAA	YNJAAA	OOOOxx
+7536	6447	0	0	6	16	36	536	1536	2536	7536	72	73	WDAAAA	ZNJAAA	VVVVxx
+1700	6448	0	0	0	0	0	700	1700	1700	1700	0	1	KNAAAA	AOJAAA	AAAAxx
+6740	6449	0	0	0	0	40	740	740	1740	6740	80	81	GZAAAA	BOJAAA	HHHHxx
+28	6450	0	0	8	8	28	28	28	28	28	56	57	CBAAAA	COJAAA	OOOOxx
+6044	6451	0	0	4	4	44	44	44	1044	6044	88	89	MYAAAA	DOJAAA	VVVVxx
+5053	6452	1	1	3	13	53	53	1053	53	5053	106	107	JMAAAA	EOJAAA	AAAAxx
+4832	6453	0	0	2	12	32	832	832	4832	4832	64	65	WDAAAA	FOJAAA	HHHHxx
+9145	6454	1	1	5	5	45	145	1145	4145	9145	90	91	TNAAAA	GOJAAA	OOOOxx
+5482	6455	0	2	2	2	82	482	1482	482	5482	164	165	WCAAAA	HOJAAA	VVVVxx
+7644	6456	0	0	4	4	44	644	1644	2644	7644	88	89	AIAAAA	IOJAAA	AAAAxx
+2128	6457	0	0	8	8	28	128	128	2128	2128	56	57	WDAAAA	JOJAAA	HHHHxx
+6583	6458	1	3	3	3	83	583	583	1583	6583	166	167	FTAAAA	KOJAAA	OOOOxx
+4224	6459	0	0	4	4	24	224	224	4224	4224	48	49	MGAAAA	LOJAAA	VVVVxx
+5253	6460	1	1	3	13	53	253	1253	253	5253	106	107	BUAAAA	MOJAAA	AAAAxx
+8219	6461	1	3	9	19	19	219	219	3219	8219	38	39	DEAAAA	NOJAAA	HHHHxx
+8113	6462	1	1	3	13	13	113	113	3113	8113	26	27	BAAAAA	OOJAAA	OOOOxx
+3616	6463	0	0	6	16	16	616	1616	3616	3616	32	33	CJAAAA	POJAAA	VVVVxx
+1361	6464	1	1	1	1	61	361	1361	1361	1361	122	123	JAAAAA	QOJAAA	AAAAxx
+949	6465	1	1	9	9	49	949	949	949	949	98	99	NKAAAA	ROJAAA	HHHHxx
+8582	6466	0	2	2	2	82	582	582	3582	8582	164	165	CSAAAA	SOJAAA	OOOOxx
+5104	6467	0	0	4	4	4	104	1104	104	5104	8	9	IOAAAA	TOJAAA	VVVVxx
+6146	6468	0	2	6	6	46	146	146	1146	6146	92	93	KCAAAA	UOJAAA	AAAAxx
+7681	6469	1	1	1	1	81	681	1681	2681	7681	162	163	LJAAAA	VOJAAA	HHHHxx
+1904	6470	0	0	4	4	4	904	1904	1904	1904	8	9	GVAAAA	WOJAAA	OOOOxx
+1989	6471	1	1	9	9	89	989	1989	1989	1989	178	179	NYAAAA	XOJAAA	VVVVxx
+4179	6472	1	3	9	19	79	179	179	4179	4179	158	159	TEAAAA	YOJAAA	AAAAxx
+1739	6473	1	3	9	19	39	739	1739	1739	1739	78	79	XOAAAA	ZOJAAA	HHHHxx
+2447	6474	1	3	7	7	47	447	447	2447	2447	94	95	DQAAAA	APJAAA	OOOOxx
+3029	6475	1	1	9	9	29	29	1029	3029	3029	58	59	NMAAAA	BPJAAA	VVVVxx
+9783	6476	1	3	3	3	83	783	1783	4783	9783	166	167	HMAAAA	CPJAAA	AAAAxx
+8381	6477	1	1	1	1	81	381	381	3381	8381	162	163	JKAAAA	DPJAAA	HHHHxx
+8755	6478	1	3	5	15	55	755	755	3755	8755	110	111	TYAAAA	EPJAAA	OOOOxx
+8384	6479	0	0	4	4	84	384	384	3384	8384	168	169	MKAAAA	FPJAAA	VVVVxx
+7655	6480	1	3	5	15	55	655	1655	2655	7655	110	111	LIAAAA	GPJAAA	AAAAxx
+4766	6481	0	2	6	6	66	766	766	4766	4766	132	133	IBAAAA	HPJAAA	HHHHxx
+3324	6482	0	0	4	4	24	324	1324	3324	3324	48	49	WXAAAA	IPJAAA	OOOOxx
+5022	6483	0	2	2	2	22	22	1022	22	5022	44	45	ELAAAA	JPJAAA	VVVVxx
+2856	6484	0	0	6	16	56	856	856	2856	2856	112	113	WFAAAA	KPJAAA	AAAAxx
+6503	6485	1	3	3	3	3	503	503	1503	6503	6	7	DQAAAA	LPJAAA	HHHHxx
+6872	6486	0	0	2	12	72	872	872	1872	6872	144	145	IEAAAA	MPJAAA	OOOOxx
+1663	6487	1	3	3	3	63	663	1663	1663	1663	126	127	ZLAAAA	NPJAAA	VVVVxx
+6964	6488	0	0	4	4	64	964	964	1964	6964	128	129	WHAAAA	OPJAAA	AAAAxx
+4622	6489	0	2	2	2	22	622	622	4622	4622	44	45	UVAAAA	PPJAAA	HHHHxx
+6089	6490	1	1	9	9	89	89	89	1089	6089	178	179	FAAAAA	QPJAAA	OOOOxx
+8567	6491	1	3	7	7	67	567	567	3567	8567	134	135	NRAAAA	RPJAAA	VVVVxx
+597	6492	1	1	7	17	97	597	597	597	597	194	195	ZWAAAA	SPJAAA	AAAAxx
+4222	6493	0	2	2	2	22	222	222	4222	4222	44	45	KGAAAA	TPJAAA	HHHHxx
+9322	6494	0	2	2	2	22	322	1322	4322	9322	44	45	OUAAAA	UPJAAA	OOOOxx
+624	6495	0	0	4	4	24	624	624	624	624	48	49	AYAAAA	VPJAAA	VVVVxx
+4329	6496	1	1	9	9	29	329	329	4329	4329	58	59	NKAAAA	WPJAAA	AAAAxx
+6781	6497	1	1	1	1	81	781	781	1781	6781	162	163	VAAAAA	XPJAAA	HHHHxx
+1673	6498	1	1	3	13	73	673	1673	1673	1673	146	147	JMAAAA	YPJAAA	OOOOxx
+6633	6499	1	1	3	13	33	633	633	1633	6633	66	67	DVAAAA	ZPJAAA	VVVVxx
+2569	6500	1	1	9	9	69	569	569	2569	2569	138	139	VUAAAA	AQJAAA	AAAAxx
+4995	6501	1	3	5	15	95	995	995	4995	4995	190	191	DKAAAA	BQJAAA	HHHHxx
+2749	6502	1	1	9	9	49	749	749	2749	2749	98	99	TBAAAA	CQJAAA	OOOOxx
+9044	6503	0	0	4	4	44	44	1044	4044	9044	88	89	WJAAAA	DQJAAA	VVVVxx
+5823	6504	1	3	3	3	23	823	1823	823	5823	46	47	ZPAAAA	EQJAAA	AAAAxx
+9366	6505	0	2	6	6	66	366	1366	4366	9366	132	133	GWAAAA	FQJAAA	HHHHxx
+1169	6506	1	1	9	9	69	169	1169	1169	1169	138	139	ZSAAAA	GQJAAA	OOOOxx
+1300	6507	0	0	0	0	0	300	1300	1300	1300	0	1	AYAAAA	HQJAAA	VVVVxx
+9973	6508	1	1	3	13	73	973	1973	4973	9973	146	147	PTAAAA	IQJAAA	AAAAxx
+2092	6509	0	0	2	12	92	92	92	2092	2092	184	185	MCAAAA	JQJAAA	HHHHxx
+9776	6510	0	0	6	16	76	776	1776	4776	9776	152	153	AMAAAA	KQJAAA	OOOOxx
+7612	6511	0	0	2	12	12	612	1612	2612	7612	24	25	UGAAAA	LQJAAA	VVVVxx
+7190	6512	0	2	0	10	90	190	1190	2190	7190	180	181	OQAAAA	MQJAAA	AAAAxx
+5147	6513	1	3	7	7	47	147	1147	147	5147	94	95	ZPAAAA	NQJAAA	HHHHxx
+3722	6514	0	2	2	2	22	722	1722	3722	3722	44	45	ENAAAA	OQJAAA	OOOOxx
+5858	6515	0	2	8	18	58	858	1858	858	5858	116	117	IRAAAA	PQJAAA	VVVVxx
+3204	6516	0	0	4	4	4	204	1204	3204	3204	8	9	GTAAAA	QQJAAA	AAAAxx
+8994	6517	0	2	4	14	94	994	994	3994	8994	188	189	YHAAAA	RQJAAA	HHHHxx
+7478	6518	0	2	8	18	78	478	1478	2478	7478	156	157	QBAAAA	SQJAAA	OOOOxx
+9624	6519	0	0	4	4	24	624	1624	4624	9624	48	49	EGAAAA	TQJAAA	VVVVxx
+6639	6520	1	3	9	19	39	639	639	1639	6639	78	79	JVAAAA	UQJAAA	AAAAxx
+369	6521	1	1	9	9	69	369	369	369	369	138	139	FOAAAA	VQJAAA	HHHHxx
+7766	6522	0	2	6	6	66	766	1766	2766	7766	132	133	SMAAAA	WQJAAA	OOOOxx
+4094	6523	0	2	4	14	94	94	94	4094	4094	188	189	MBAAAA	XQJAAA	VVVVxx
+9556	6524	0	0	6	16	56	556	1556	4556	9556	112	113	ODAAAA	YQJAAA	AAAAxx
+4887	6525	1	3	7	7	87	887	887	4887	4887	174	175	ZFAAAA	ZQJAAA	HHHHxx
+2321	6526	1	1	1	1	21	321	321	2321	2321	42	43	HLAAAA	ARJAAA	OOOOxx
+9201	6527	1	1	1	1	1	201	1201	4201	9201	2	3	XPAAAA	BRJAAA	VVVVxx
+1627	6528	1	3	7	7	27	627	1627	1627	1627	54	55	PKAAAA	CRJAAA	AAAAxx
+150	6529	0	2	0	10	50	150	150	150	150	100	101	UFAAAA	DRJAAA	HHHHxx
+8010	6530	0	2	0	10	10	10	10	3010	8010	20	21	CWAAAA	ERJAAA	OOOOxx
+8026	6531	0	2	6	6	26	26	26	3026	8026	52	53	SWAAAA	FRJAAA	VVVVxx
+5495	6532	1	3	5	15	95	495	1495	495	5495	190	191	JDAAAA	GRJAAA	AAAAxx
+6213	6533	1	1	3	13	13	213	213	1213	6213	26	27	ZEAAAA	HRJAAA	HHHHxx
+6464	6534	0	0	4	4	64	464	464	1464	6464	128	129	QOAAAA	IRJAAA	OOOOxx
+1158	6535	0	2	8	18	58	158	1158	1158	1158	116	117	OSAAAA	JRJAAA	VVVVxx
+8669	6536	1	1	9	9	69	669	669	3669	8669	138	139	LVAAAA	KRJAAA	AAAAxx
+3225	6537	1	1	5	5	25	225	1225	3225	3225	50	51	BUAAAA	LRJAAA	HHHHxx
+1294	6538	0	2	4	14	94	294	1294	1294	1294	188	189	UXAAAA	MRJAAA	OOOOxx
+2166	6539	0	2	6	6	66	166	166	2166	2166	132	133	IFAAAA	NRJAAA	VVVVxx
+9328	6540	0	0	8	8	28	328	1328	4328	9328	56	57	UUAAAA	ORJAAA	AAAAxx
+8431	6541	1	3	1	11	31	431	431	3431	8431	62	63	HMAAAA	PRJAAA	HHHHxx
+7100	6542	0	0	0	0	0	100	1100	2100	7100	0	1	CNAAAA	QRJAAA	OOOOxx
+8126	6543	0	2	6	6	26	126	126	3126	8126	52	53	OAAAAA	RRJAAA	VVVVxx
+2185	6544	1	1	5	5	85	185	185	2185	2185	170	171	BGAAAA	SRJAAA	AAAAxx
+5697	6545	1	1	7	17	97	697	1697	697	5697	194	195	DLAAAA	TRJAAA	HHHHxx
+5531	6546	1	3	1	11	31	531	1531	531	5531	62	63	TEAAAA	URJAAA	OOOOxx
+3020	6547	0	0	0	0	20	20	1020	3020	3020	40	41	EMAAAA	VRJAAA	VVVVxx
+3076	6548	0	0	6	16	76	76	1076	3076	3076	152	153	IOAAAA	WRJAAA	AAAAxx
+9228	6549	0	0	8	8	28	228	1228	4228	9228	56	57	YQAAAA	XRJAAA	HHHHxx
+1734	6550	0	2	4	14	34	734	1734	1734	1734	68	69	SOAAAA	YRJAAA	OOOOxx
+7616	6551	0	0	6	16	16	616	1616	2616	7616	32	33	YGAAAA	ZRJAAA	VVVVxx
+9059	6552	1	3	9	19	59	59	1059	4059	9059	118	119	LKAAAA	ASJAAA	AAAAxx
+323	6553	1	3	3	3	23	323	323	323	323	46	47	LMAAAA	BSJAAA	HHHHxx
+1283	6554	1	3	3	3	83	283	1283	1283	1283	166	167	JXAAAA	CSJAAA	OOOOxx
+9535	6555	1	3	5	15	35	535	1535	4535	9535	70	71	TCAAAA	DSJAAA	VVVVxx
+2580	6556	0	0	0	0	80	580	580	2580	2580	160	161	GVAAAA	ESJAAA	AAAAxx
+7633	6557	1	1	3	13	33	633	1633	2633	7633	66	67	PHAAAA	FSJAAA	HHHHxx
+9497	6558	1	1	7	17	97	497	1497	4497	9497	194	195	HBAAAA	GSJAAA	OOOOxx
+9842	6559	0	2	2	2	42	842	1842	4842	9842	84	85	OOAAAA	HSJAAA	VVVVxx
+3426	6560	0	2	6	6	26	426	1426	3426	3426	52	53	UBAAAA	ISJAAA	AAAAxx
+7650	6561	0	2	0	10	50	650	1650	2650	7650	100	101	GIAAAA	JSJAAA	HHHHxx
+9935	6562	1	3	5	15	35	935	1935	4935	9935	70	71	DSAAAA	KSJAAA	OOOOxx
+9354	6563	0	2	4	14	54	354	1354	4354	9354	108	109	UVAAAA	LSJAAA	VVVVxx
+5569	6564	1	1	9	9	69	569	1569	569	5569	138	139	FGAAAA	MSJAAA	AAAAxx
+5765	6565	1	1	5	5	65	765	1765	765	5765	130	131	TNAAAA	NSJAAA	HHHHxx
+7283	6566	1	3	3	3	83	283	1283	2283	7283	166	167	DUAAAA	OSJAAA	OOOOxx
+1068	6567	0	0	8	8	68	68	1068	1068	1068	136	137	CPAAAA	PSJAAA	VVVVxx
+1641	6568	1	1	1	1	41	641	1641	1641	1641	82	83	DLAAAA	QSJAAA	AAAAxx
+1688	6569	0	0	8	8	88	688	1688	1688	1688	176	177	YMAAAA	RSJAAA	HHHHxx
+1133	6570	1	1	3	13	33	133	1133	1133	1133	66	67	PRAAAA	SSJAAA	OOOOxx
+4493	6571	1	1	3	13	93	493	493	4493	4493	186	187	VQAAAA	TSJAAA	VVVVxx
+3354	6572	0	2	4	14	54	354	1354	3354	3354	108	109	AZAAAA	USJAAA	AAAAxx
+4029	6573	1	1	9	9	29	29	29	4029	4029	58	59	ZYAAAA	VSJAAA	HHHHxx
+6704	6574	0	0	4	4	4	704	704	1704	6704	8	9	WXAAAA	WSJAAA	OOOOxx
+3221	6575	1	1	1	1	21	221	1221	3221	3221	42	43	XTAAAA	XSJAAA	VVVVxx
+9432	6576	0	0	2	12	32	432	1432	4432	9432	64	65	UYAAAA	YSJAAA	AAAAxx
+6990	6577	0	2	0	10	90	990	990	1990	6990	180	181	WIAAAA	ZSJAAA	HHHHxx
+1760	6578	0	0	0	0	60	760	1760	1760	1760	120	121	SPAAAA	ATJAAA	OOOOxx
+4754	6579	0	2	4	14	54	754	754	4754	4754	108	109	WAAAAA	BTJAAA	VVVVxx
+7724	6580	0	0	4	4	24	724	1724	2724	7724	48	49	CLAAAA	CTJAAA	AAAAxx
+9487	6581	1	3	7	7	87	487	1487	4487	9487	174	175	XAAAAA	DTJAAA	HHHHxx
+166	6582	0	2	6	6	66	166	166	166	166	132	133	KGAAAA	ETJAAA	OOOOxx
+5479	6583	1	3	9	19	79	479	1479	479	5479	158	159	TCAAAA	FTJAAA	VVVVxx
+8744	6584	0	0	4	4	44	744	744	3744	8744	88	89	IYAAAA	GTJAAA	AAAAxx
+5746	6585	0	2	6	6	46	746	1746	746	5746	92	93	ANAAAA	HTJAAA	HHHHxx
+907	6586	1	3	7	7	7	907	907	907	907	14	15	XIAAAA	ITJAAA	OOOOxx
+3968	6587	0	0	8	8	68	968	1968	3968	3968	136	137	QWAAAA	JTJAAA	VVVVxx
+5721	6588	1	1	1	1	21	721	1721	721	5721	42	43	BMAAAA	KTJAAA	AAAAxx
+6738	6589	0	2	8	18	38	738	738	1738	6738	76	77	EZAAAA	LTJAAA	HHHHxx
+4097	6590	1	1	7	17	97	97	97	4097	4097	194	195	PBAAAA	MTJAAA	OOOOxx
+8456	6591	0	0	6	16	56	456	456	3456	8456	112	113	GNAAAA	NTJAAA	VVVVxx
+1269	6592	1	1	9	9	69	269	1269	1269	1269	138	139	VWAAAA	OTJAAA	AAAAxx
+7997	6593	1	1	7	17	97	997	1997	2997	7997	194	195	PVAAAA	PTJAAA	HHHHxx
+9457	6594	1	1	7	17	57	457	1457	4457	9457	114	115	TZAAAA	QTJAAA	OOOOxx
+1159	6595	1	3	9	19	59	159	1159	1159	1159	118	119	PSAAAA	RTJAAA	VVVVxx
+1631	6596	1	3	1	11	31	631	1631	1631	1631	62	63	TKAAAA	STJAAA	AAAAxx
+2019	6597	1	3	9	19	19	19	19	2019	2019	38	39	RZAAAA	TTJAAA	HHHHxx
+3186	6598	0	2	6	6	86	186	1186	3186	3186	172	173	OSAAAA	UTJAAA	OOOOxx
+5587	6599	1	3	7	7	87	587	1587	587	5587	174	175	XGAAAA	VTJAAA	VVVVxx
+9172	6600	0	0	2	12	72	172	1172	4172	9172	144	145	UOAAAA	WTJAAA	AAAAxx
+5589	6601	1	1	9	9	89	589	1589	589	5589	178	179	ZGAAAA	XTJAAA	HHHHxx
+5103	6602	1	3	3	3	3	103	1103	103	5103	6	7	HOAAAA	YTJAAA	OOOOxx
+3177	6603	1	1	7	17	77	177	1177	3177	3177	154	155	FSAAAA	ZTJAAA	VVVVxx
+8887	6604	1	3	7	7	87	887	887	3887	8887	174	175	VDAAAA	AUJAAA	AAAAxx
+12	6605	0	0	2	12	12	12	12	12	12	24	25	MAAAAA	BUJAAA	HHHHxx
+8575	6606	1	3	5	15	75	575	575	3575	8575	150	151	VRAAAA	CUJAAA	OOOOxx
+4335	6607	1	3	5	15	35	335	335	4335	4335	70	71	TKAAAA	DUJAAA	VVVVxx
+4581	6608	1	1	1	1	81	581	581	4581	4581	162	163	FUAAAA	EUJAAA	AAAAxx
+4444	6609	0	0	4	4	44	444	444	4444	4444	88	89	YOAAAA	FUJAAA	HHHHxx
+7978	6610	0	2	8	18	78	978	1978	2978	7978	156	157	WUAAAA	GUJAAA	OOOOxx
+3081	6611	1	1	1	1	81	81	1081	3081	3081	162	163	NOAAAA	HUJAAA	VVVVxx
+4059	6612	1	3	9	19	59	59	59	4059	4059	118	119	DAAAAA	IUJAAA	AAAAxx
+5711	6613	1	3	1	11	11	711	1711	711	5711	22	23	RLAAAA	JUJAAA	HHHHxx
+7069	6614	1	1	9	9	69	69	1069	2069	7069	138	139	XLAAAA	KUJAAA	OOOOxx
+6150	6615	0	2	0	10	50	150	150	1150	6150	100	101	OCAAAA	LUJAAA	VVVVxx
+9550	6616	0	2	0	10	50	550	1550	4550	9550	100	101	IDAAAA	MUJAAA	AAAAxx
+7087	6617	1	3	7	7	87	87	1087	2087	7087	174	175	PMAAAA	NUJAAA	HHHHxx
+9557	6618	1	1	7	17	57	557	1557	4557	9557	114	115	PDAAAA	OUJAAA	OOOOxx
+7856	6619	0	0	6	16	56	856	1856	2856	7856	112	113	EQAAAA	PUJAAA	VVVVxx
+1115	6620	1	3	5	15	15	115	1115	1115	1115	30	31	XQAAAA	QUJAAA	AAAAxx
+1086	6621	0	2	6	6	86	86	1086	1086	1086	172	173	UPAAAA	RUJAAA	HHHHxx
+5048	6622	0	0	8	8	48	48	1048	48	5048	96	97	EMAAAA	SUJAAA	OOOOxx
+5168	6623	0	0	8	8	68	168	1168	168	5168	136	137	UQAAAA	TUJAAA	VVVVxx
+6029	6624	1	1	9	9	29	29	29	1029	6029	58	59	XXAAAA	UUJAAA	AAAAxx
+546	6625	0	2	6	6	46	546	546	546	546	92	93	AVAAAA	VUJAAA	HHHHxx
+2908	6626	0	0	8	8	8	908	908	2908	2908	16	17	WHAAAA	WUJAAA	OOOOxx
+779	6627	1	3	9	19	79	779	779	779	779	158	159	ZDAAAA	XUJAAA	VVVVxx
+4202	6628	0	2	2	2	2	202	202	4202	4202	4	5	QFAAAA	YUJAAA	AAAAxx
+9984	6629	0	0	4	4	84	984	1984	4984	9984	168	169	AUAAAA	ZUJAAA	HHHHxx
+4730	6630	0	2	0	10	30	730	730	4730	4730	60	61	YZAAAA	AVJAAA	OOOOxx
+6517	6631	1	1	7	17	17	517	517	1517	6517	34	35	RQAAAA	BVJAAA	VVVVxx
+8410	6632	0	2	0	10	10	410	410	3410	8410	20	21	MLAAAA	CVJAAA	AAAAxx
+4793	6633	1	1	3	13	93	793	793	4793	4793	186	187	JCAAAA	DVJAAA	HHHHxx
+3431	6634	1	3	1	11	31	431	1431	3431	3431	62	63	ZBAAAA	EVJAAA	OOOOxx
+2481	6635	1	1	1	1	81	481	481	2481	2481	162	163	LRAAAA	FVJAAA	VVVVxx
+3905	6636	1	1	5	5	5	905	1905	3905	3905	10	11	FUAAAA	GVJAAA	AAAAxx
+8807	6637	1	3	7	7	7	807	807	3807	8807	14	15	TAAAAA	HVJAAA	HHHHxx
+2660	6638	0	0	0	0	60	660	660	2660	2660	120	121	IYAAAA	IVJAAA	OOOOxx
+4985	6639	1	1	5	5	85	985	985	4985	4985	170	171	TJAAAA	JVJAAA	VVVVxx
+3080	6640	0	0	0	0	80	80	1080	3080	3080	160	161	MOAAAA	KVJAAA	AAAAxx
+1090	6641	0	2	0	10	90	90	1090	1090	1090	180	181	YPAAAA	LVJAAA	HHHHxx
+6917	6642	1	1	7	17	17	917	917	1917	6917	34	35	BGAAAA	MVJAAA	OOOOxx
+5177	6643	1	1	7	17	77	177	1177	177	5177	154	155	DRAAAA	NVJAAA	VVVVxx
+2729	6644	1	1	9	9	29	729	729	2729	2729	58	59	ZAAAAA	OVJAAA	AAAAxx
+9706	6645	0	2	6	6	6	706	1706	4706	9706	12	13	IJAAAA	PVJAAA	HHHHxx
+9929	6646	1	1	9	9	29	929	1929	4929	9929	58	59	XRAAAA	QVJAAA	OOOOxx
+1547	6647	1	3	7	7	47	547	1547	1547	1547	94	95	NHAAAA	RVJAAA	VVVVxx
+2798	6648	0	2	8	18	98	798	798	2798	2798	196	197	QDAAAA	SVJAAA	AAAAxx
+4420	6649	0	0	0	0	20	420	420	4420	4420	40	41	AOAAAA	TVJAAA	HHHHxx
+6771	6650	1	3	1	11	71	771	771	1771	6771	142	143	LAAAAA	UVJAAA	OOOOxx
+2004	6651	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	2004	2004	8	9	CZAAAA	VVJAAA	VVVVxx
+8686	6652	0	2	6	6	86	686	686	3686	8686	172	173	CWAAAA	WVJAAA	AAAAxx
+3663	6653	1	3	3	3	63	663	1663	3663	3663	126	127	XKAAAA	XVJAAA	HHHHxx
+806	6654	0	2	6	6	6	806	806	806	806	12	13	AFAAAA	YVJAAA	OOOOxx
+4309	6655	1	1	9	9	9	309	309	4309	4309	18	19	TJAAAA	ZVJAAA	VVVVxx
+7443	6656	1	3	3	3	43	443	1443	2443	7443	86	87	HAAAAA	AWJAAA	AAAAxx
+5779	6657	1	3	9	19	79	779	1779	779	5779	158	159	HOAAAA	BWJAAA	HHHHxx
+8821	6658	1	1	1	1	21	821	821	3821	8821	42	43	HBAAAA	CWJAAA	OOOOxx
+4198	6659	0	2	8	18	98	198	198	4198	4198	196	197	MFAAAA	DWJAAA	VVVVxx
+8115	6660	1	3	5	15	15	115	115	3115	8115	30	31	DAAAAA	EWJAAA	AAAAxx
+9554	6661	0	2	4	14	54	554	1554	4554	9554	108	109	MDAAAA	FWJAAA	HHHHxx
+8956	6662	0	0	6	16	56	956	956	3956	8956	112	113	MGAAAA	GWJAAA	OOOOxx
+4733	6663	1	1	3	13	33	733	733	4733	4733	66	67	BAAAAA	HWJAAA	VVVVxx
+5417	6664	1	1	7	17	17	417	1417	417	5417	34	35	JAAAAA	IWJAAA	AAAAxx
+4792	6665	0	0	2	12	92	792	792	4792	4792	184	185	ICAAAA	JWJAAA	HHHHxx
+462	6666	0	2	2	2	62	462	462	462	462	124	125	URAAAA	KWJAAA	OOOOxx
+3687	6667	1	3	7	7	87	687	1687	3687	3687	174	175	VLAAAA	LWJAAA	VVVVxx
+2013	6668	1	1	3	13	13	13	13	2013	2013	26	27	LZAAAA	MWJAAA	AAAAxx
+5386	6669	0	2	6	6	86	386	1386	386	5386	172	173	EZAAAA	NWJAAA	HHHHxx
+2816	6670	0	0	6	16	16	816	816	2816	2816	32	33	IEAAAA	OWJAAA	OOOOxx
+7827	6671	1	3	7	7	27	827	1827	2827	7827	54	55	BPAAAA	PWJAAA	VVVVxx
+5077	6672	1	1	7	17	77	77	1077	77	5077	154	155	HNAAAA	QWJAAA	AAAAxx
+6039	6673	1	3	9	19	39	39	39	1039	6039	78	79	HYAAAA	RWJAAA	HHHHxx
+215	6674	1	3	5	15	15	215	215	215	215	30	31	HIAAAA	SWJAAA	OOOOxx
+855	6675	1	3	5	15	55	855	855	855	855	110	111	XGAAAA	TWJAAA	VVVVxx
+9692	6676	0	0	2	12	92	692	1692	4692	9692	184	185	UIAAAA	UWJAAA	AAAAxx
+8391	6677	1	3	1	11	91	391	391	3391	8391	182	183	TKAAAA	VWJAAA	HHHHxx
+8424	6678	0	0	4	4	24	424	424	3424	8424	48	49	AMAAAA	WWJAAA	OOOOxx
+6331	6679	1	3	1	11	31	331	331	1331	6331	62	63	NJAAAA	XWJAAA	VVVVxx
+6561	6680	1	1	1	1	61	561	561	1561	6561	122	123	JSAAAA	YWJAAA	AAAAxx
+8955	6681	1	3	5	15	55	955	955	3955	8955	110	111	LGAAAA	ZWJAAA	HHHHxx
+1764	6682	0	0	4	4	64	764	1764	1764	1764	128	129	WPAAAA	AXJAAA	OOOOxx
+6623	6683	1	3	3	3	23	623	623	1623	6623	46	47	TUAAAA	BXJAAA	VVVVxx
+2900	6684	0	0	0	0	0	900	900	2900	2900	0	1	OHAAAA	CXJAAA	AAAAxx
+7048	6685	0	0	8	8	48	48	1048	2048	7048	96	97	CLAAAA	DXJAAA	HHHHxx
+3843	6686	1	3	3	3	43	843	1843	3843	3843	86	87	VRAAAA	EXJAAA	OOOOxx
+4855	6687	1	3	5	15	55	855	855	4855	4855	110	111	TEAAAA	FXJAAA	VVVVxx
+7383	6688	1	3	3	3	83	383	1383	2383	7383	166	167	ZXAAAA	GXJAAA	AAAAxx
+7765	6689	1	1	5	5	65	765	1765	2765	7765	130	131	RMAAAA	HXJAAA	HHHHxx
+1125	6690	1	1	5	5	25	125	1125	1125	1125	50	51	HRAAAA	IXJAAA	OOOOxx
+755	6691	1	3	5	15	55	755	755	755	755	110	111	BDAAAA	JXJAAA	VVVVxx
+2995	6692	1	3	5	15	95	995	995	2995	2995	190	191	FLAAAA	KXJAAA	AAAAxx
+8907	6693	1	3	7	7	7	907	907	3907	8907	14	15	PEAAAA	LXJAAA	HHHHxx
+9357	6694	1	1	7	17	57	357	1357	4357	9357	114	115	XVAAAA	MXJAAA	OOOOxx
+4469	6695	1	1	9	9	69	469	469	4469	4469	138	139	XPAAAA	NXJAAA	VVVVxx
+2147	6696	1	3	7	7	47	147	147	2147	2147	94	95	PEAAAA	OXJAAA	AAAAxx
+2952	6697	0	0	2	12	52	952	952	2952	2952	104	105	OJAAAA	PXJAAA	HHHHxx
+1324	6698	0	0	4	4	24	324	1324	1324	1324	48	49	YYAAAA	QXJAAA	OOOOxx
+1173	6699	1	1	3	13	73	173	1173	1173	1173	146	147	DTAAAA	RXJAAA	VVVVxx
+3169	6700	1	1	9	9	69	169	1169	3169	3169	138	139	XRAAAA	SXJAAA	AAAAxx
+5149	6701	1	1	9	9	49	149	1149	149	5149	98	99	BQAAAA	TXJAAA	HHHHxx
+9660	6702	0	0	0	0	60	660	1660	4660	9660	120	121	OHAAAA	UXJAAA	OOOOxx
+3446	6703	0	2	6	6	46	446	1446	3446	3446	92	93	OCAAAA	VXJAAA	VVVVxx
+6988	6704	0	0	8	8	88	988	988	1988	6988	176	177	UIAAAA	WXJAAA	AAAAxx
+5829	6705	1	1	9	9	29	829	1829	829	5829	58	59	FQAAAA	XXJAAA	HHHHxx
+7166	6706	0	2	6	6	66	166	1166	2166	7166	132	133	QPAAAA	YXJAAA	OOOOxx
+3940	6707	0	0	0	0	40	940	1940	3940	3940	80	81	OVAAAA	ZXJAAA	VVVVxx
+2645	6708	1	1	5	5	45	645	645	2645	2645	90	91	TXAAAA	AYJAAA	AAAAxx
+478	6709	0	2	8	18	78	478	478	478	478	156	157	KSAAAA	BYJAAA	HHHHxx
+1156	6710	0	0	6	16	56	156	1156	1156	1156	112	113	MSAAAA	CYJAAA	OOOOxx
+2731	6711	1	3	1	11	31	731	731	2731	2731	62	63	BBAAAA	DYJAAA	VVVVxx
+5637	6712	1	1	7	17	37	637	1637	637	5637	74	75	VIAAAA	EYJAAA	AAAAxx
+7517	6713	1	1	7	17	17	517	1517	2517	7517	34	35	DDAAAA	FYJAAA	HHHHxx
+5331	6714	1	3	1	11	31	331	1331	331	5331	62	63	BXAAAA	GYJAAA	OOOOxx
+9640	6715	0	0	0	0	40	640	1640	4640	9640	80	81	UGAAAA	HYJAAA	VVVVxx
+4108	6716	0	0	8	8	8	108	108	4108	4108	16	17	ACAAAA	IYJAAA	AAAAxx
+1087	6717	1	3	7	7	87	87	1087	1087	1087	174	175	VPAAAA	JYJAAA	HHHHxx
+8017	6718	1	1	7	17	17	17	17	3017	8017	34	35	JWAAAA	KYJAAA	OOOOxx
+8795	6719	1	3	5	15	95	795	795	3795	8795	190	191	HAAAAA	LYJAAA	VVVVxx
+7060	6720	0	0	0	0	60	60	1060	2060	7060	120	121	OLAAAA	MYJAAA	AAAAxx
+9450	6721	0	2	0	10	50	450	1450	4450	9450	100	101	MZAAAA	NYJAAA	HHHHxx
+390	6722	0	2	0	10	90	390	390	390	390	180	181	APAAAA	OYJAAA	OOOOxx
+66	6723	0	2	6	6	66	66	66	66	66	132	133	OCAAAA	PYJAAA	VVVVxx
+8789	6724	1	1	9	9	89	789	789	3789	8789	178	179	BAAAAA	QYJAAA	AAAAxx
+9260	6725	0	0	0	0	60	260	1260	4260	9260	120	121	ESAAAA	RYJAAA	HHHHxx
+6679	6726	1	3	9	19	79	679	679	1679	6679	158	159	XWAAAA	SYJAAA	OOOOxx
+9052	6727	0	0	2	12	52	52	1052	4052	9052	104	105	EKAAAA	TYJAAA	VVVVxx
+9561	6728	1	1	1	1	61	561	1561	4561	9561	122	123	TDAAAA	UYJAAA	AAAAxx
+9725	6729	1	1	5	5	25	725	1725	4725	9725	50	51	BKAAAA	VYJAAA	HHHHxx
+6298	6730	0	2	8	18	98	298	298	1298	6298	196	197	GIAAAA	WYJAAA	OOOOxx
+8654	6731	0	2	4	14	54	654	654	3654	8654	108	109	WUAAAA	XYJAAA	VVVVxx
+8725	6732	1	1	5	5	25	725	725	3725	8725	50	51	PXAAAA	YYJAAA	AAAAxx
+9377	6733	1	1	7	17	77	377	1377	4377	9377	154	155	RWAAAA	ZYJAAA	HHHHxx
+3807	6734	1	3	7	7	7	807	1807	3807	3807	14	15	LQAAAA	AZJAAA	OOOOxx
+8048	6735	0	0	8	8	48	48	48	3048	8048	96	97	OXAAAA	BZJAAA	VVVVxx
+764	6736	0	0	4	4	64	764	764	764	764	128	129	KDAAAA	CZJAAA	AAAAxx
+9702	6737	0	2	2	2	2	702	1702	4702	9702	4	5	EJAAAA	DZJAAA	HHHHxx
+8060	6738	0	0	0	0	60	60	60	3060	8060	120	121	AYAAAA	EZJAAA	OOOOxx
+6371	6739	1	3	1	11	71	371	371	1371	6371	142	143	BLAAAA	FZJAAA	VVVVxx
+5237	6740	1	1	7	17	37	237	1237	237	5237	74	75	LTAAAA	GZJAAA	AAAAxx
+743	6741	1	3	3	3	43	743	743	743	743	86	87	PCAAAA	HZJAAA	HHHHxx
+7395	6742	1	3	5	15	95	395	1395	2395	7395	190	191	LYAAAA	IZJAAA	OOOOxx
+3365	6743	1	1	5	5	65	365	1365	3365	3365	130	131	LZAAAA	JZJAAA	VVVVxx
+6667	6744	1	3	7	7	67	667	667	1667	6667	134	135	LWAAAA	KZJAAA	AAAAxx
+3445	6745	1	1	5	5	45	445	1445	3445	3445	90	91	NCAAAA	LZJAAA	HHHHxx
+4019	6746	1	3	9	19	19	19	19	4019	4019	38	39	PYAAAA	MZJAAA	OOOOxx
+7035	6747	1	3	5	15	35	35	1035	2035	7035	70	71	PKAAAA	NZJAAA	VVVVxx
+5274	6748	0	2	4	14	74	274	1274	274	5274	148	149	WUAAAA	OZJAAA	AAAAxx
+519	6749	1	3	9	19	19	519	519	519	519	38	39	ZTAAAA	PZJAAA	HHHHxx
+2801	6750	1	1	1	1	1	801	801	2801	2801	2	3	TDAAAA	QZJAAA	OOOOxx
+3320	6751	0	0	0	0	20	320	1320	3320	3320	40	41	SXAAAA	RZJAAA	VVVVxx
+3153	6752	1	1	3	13	53	153	1153	3153	3153	106	107	HRAAAA	SZJAAA	AAAAxx
+7680	6753	0	0	0	0	80	680	1680	2680	7680	160	161	KJAAAA	TZJAAA	HHHHxx
+8942	6754	0	2	2	2	42	942	942	3942	8942	84	85	YFAAAA	UZJAAA	OOOOxx
+3195	6755	1	3	5	15	95	195	1195	3195	3195	190	191	XSAAAA	VZJAAA	VVVVxx
+2287	6756	1	3	7	7	87	287	287	2287	2287	174	175	ZJAAAA	WZJAAA	AAAAxx
+8325	6757	1	1	5	5	25	325	325	3325	8325	50	51	FIAAAA	XZJAAA	HHHHxx
+2603	6758	1	3	3	3	3	603	603	2603	2603	6	7	DWAAAA	YZJAAA	OOOOxx
+5871	6759	1	3	1	11	71	871	1871	871	5871	142	143	VRAAAA	ZZJAAA	VVVVxx
+1773	6760	1	1	3	13	73	773	1773	1773	1773	146	147	FQAAAA	AAKAAA	AAAAxx
+3323	6761	1	3	3	3	23	323	1323	3323	3323	46	47	VXAAAA	BAKAAA	HHHHxx
+2053	6762	1	1	3	13	53	53	53	2053	2053	106	107	ZAAAAA	CAKAAA	OOOOxx
+4062	6763	0	2	2	2	62	62	62	4062	4062	124	125	GAAAAA	DAKAAA	VVVVxx
+4611	6764	1	3	1	11	11	611	611	4611	4611	22	23	JVAAAA	EAKAAA	AAAAxx
+3451	6765	1	3	1	11	51	451	1451	3451	3451	102	103	TCAAAA	FAKAAA	HHHHxx
+1819	6766	1	3	9	19	19	819	1819	1819	1819	38	39	ZRAAAA	GAKAAA	OOOOxx
+9806	6767	0	2	6	6	6	806	1806	4806	9806	12	13	ENAAAA	HAKAAA	VVVVxx
+6619	6768	1	3	9	19	19	619	619	1619	6619	38	39	PUAAAA	IAKAAA	AAAAxx
+1031	6769	1	3	1	11	31	31	1031	1031	1031	62	63	RNAAAA	JAKAAA	HHHHxx
+1865	6770	1	1	5	5	65	865	1865	1865	1865	130	131	TTAAAA	KAKAAA	OOOOxx
+6282	6771	0	2	2	2	82	282	282	1282	6282	164	165	QHAAAA	LAKAAA	VVVVxx
+1178	6772	0	2	8	18	78	178	1178	1178	1178	156	157	ITAAAA	MAKAAA	AAAAxx
+8007	6773	1	3	7	7	7	7	7	3007	8007	14	15	ZVAAAA	NAKAAA	HHHHxx
+9126	6774	0	2	6	6	26	126	1126	4126	9126	52	53	ANAAAA	OAKAAA	OOOOxx
+9113	6775	1	1	3	13	13	113	1113	4113	9113	26	27	NMAAAA	PAKAAA	VVVVxx
+537	6776	1	1	7	17	37	537	537	537	537	74	75	RUAAAA	QAKAAA	AAAAxx
+6208	6777	0	0	8	8	8	208	208	1208	6208	16	17	UEAAAA	RAKAAA	HHHHxx
+1626	6778	0	2	6	6	26	626	1626	1626	1626	52	53	OKAAAA	SAKAAA	OOOOxx
+7188	6779	0	0	8	8	88	188	1188	2188	7188	176	177	MQAAAA	TAKAAA	VVVVxx
+9216	6780	0	0	6	16	16	216	1216	4216	9216	32	33	MQAAAA	UAKAAA	AAAAxx
+6134	6781	0	2	4	14	34	134	134	1134	6134	68	69	YBAAAA	VAKAAA	HHHHxx
+2074	6782	0	2	4	14	74	74	74	2074	2074	148	149	UBAAAA	WAKAAA	OOOOxx
+6369	6783	1	1	9	9	69	369	369	1369	6369	138	139	ZKAAAA	XAKAAA	VVVVxx
+9306	6784	0	2	6	6	6	306	1306	4306	9306	12	13	YTAAAA	YAKAAA	AAAAxx
+3155	6785	1	3	5	15	55	155	1155	3155	3155	110	111	JRAAAA	ZAKAAA	HHHHxx
+3611	6786	1	3	1	11	11	611	1611	3611	3611	22	23	XIAAAA	ABKAAA	OOOOxx
+6530	6787	0	2	0	10	30	530	530	1530	6530	60	61	ERAAAA	BBKAAA	VVVVxx
+6979	6788	1	3	9	19	79	979	979	1979	6979	158	159	LIAAAA	CBKAAA	AAAAxx
+9129	6789	1	1	9	9	29	129	1129	4129	9129	58	59	DNAAAA	DBKAAA	HHHHxx
+8013	6790	1	1	3	13	13	13	13	3013	8013	26	27	FWAAAA	EBKAAA	OOOOxx
+6926	6791	0	2	6	6	26	926	926	1926	6926	52	53	KGAAAA	FBKAAA	VVVVxx
+1877	6792	1	1	7	17	77	877	1877	1877	1877	154	155	FUAAAA	GBKAAA	AAAAxx
+1882	6793	0	2	2	2	82	882	1882	1882	1882	164	165	KUAAAA	HBKAAA	HHHHxx
+6720	6794	0	0	0	0	20	720	720	1720	6720	40	41	MYAAAA	IBKAAA	OOOOxx
+690	6795	0	2	0	10	90	690	690	690	690	180	181	OAAAAA	JBKAAA	VVVVxx
+143	6796	1	3	3	3	43	143	143	143	143	86	87	NFAAAA	KBKAAA	AAAAxx
+7241	6797	1	1	1	1	41	241	1241	2241	7241	82	83	NSAAAA	LBKAAA	HHHHxx
+6461	6798	1	1	1	1	61	461	461	1461	6461	122	123	NOAAAA	MBKAAA	OOOOxx
+2258	6799	0	2	8	18	58	258	258	2258	2258	116	117	WIAAAA	NBKAAA	VVVVxx
+2280	6800	0	0	0	0	80	280	280	2280	2280	160	161	SJAAAA	OBKAAA	AAAAxx
+7556	6801	0	0	6	16	56	556	1556	2556	7556	112	113	QEAAAA	PBKAAA	HHHHxx
+1038	6802	0	2	8	18	38	38	1038	1038	1038	76	77	YNAAAA	QBKAAA	OOOOxx
+2634	6803	0	2	4	14	34	634	634	2634	2634	68	69	IXAAAA	RBKAAA	VVVVxx
+7847	6804	1	3	7	7	47	847	1847	2847	7847	94	95	VPAAAA	SBKAAA	AAAAxx
+4415	6805	1	3	5	15	15	415	415	4415	4415	30	31	VNAAAA	TBKAAA	HHHHxx
+1933	6806	1	1	3	13	33	933	1933	1933	1933	66	67	JWAAAA	UBKAAA	OOOOxx
+8034	6807	0	2	4	14	34	34	34	3034	8034	68	69	AXAAAA	VBKAAA	VVVVxx
+9233	6808	1	1	3	13	33	233	1233	4233	9233	66	67	DRAAAA	WBKAAA	AAAAxx
+6572	6809	0	0	2	12	72	572	572	1572	6572	144	145	USAAAA	XBKAAA	HHHHxx
+1586	6810	0	2	6	6	86	586	1586	1586	1586	172	173	AJAAAA	YBKAAA	OOOOxx
+8512	6811	0	0	2	12	12	512	512	3512	8512	24	25	KPAAAA	ZBKAAA	VVVVxx
+7421	6812	1	1	1	1	21	421	1421	2421	7421	42	43	LZAAAA	ACKAAA	AAAAxx
+503	6813	1	3	3	3	3	503	503	503	503	6	7	JTAAAA	BCKAAA	HHHHxx
+5332	6814	0	0	2	12	32	332	1332	332	5332	64	65	CXAAAA	CCKAAA	OOOOxx
+2602	6815	0	2	2	2	2	602	602	2602	2602	4	5	CWAAAA	DCKAAA	VVVVxx
+2902	6816	0	2	2	2	2	902	902	2902	2902	4	5	QHAAAA	ECKAAA	AAAAxx
+2979	6817	1	3	9	19	79	979	979	2979	2979	158	159	PKAAAA	FCKAAA	HHHHxx
+1431	6818	1	3	1	11	31	431	1431	1431	1431	62	63	BDAAAA	GCKAAA	OOOOxx
+8639	6819	1	3	9	19	39	639	639	3639	8639	78	79	HUAAAA	HCKAAA	VVVVxx
+4218	6820	0	2	8	18	18	218	218	4218	4218	36	37	GGAAAA	ICKAAA	AAAAxx
+7453	6821	1	1	3	13	53	453	1453	2453	7453	106	107	RAAAAA	JCKAAA	HHHHxx
+5448	6822	0	0	8	8	48	448	1448	448	5448	96	97	OBAAAA	KCKAAA	OOOOxx
+6768	6823	0	0	8	8	68	768	768	1768	6768	136	137	IAAAAA	LCKAAA	VVVVxx
+3104	6824	0	0	4	4	4	104	1104	3104	3104	8	9	KPAAAA	MCKAAA	AAAAxx
+2297	6825	1	1	7	17	97	297	297	2297	2297	194	195	JKAAAA	NCKAAA	HHHHxx
+7994	6826	0	2	4	14	94	994	1994	2994	7994	188	189	MVAAAA	OCKAAA	OOOOxx
+550	6827	0	2	0	10	50	550	550	550	550	100	101	EVAAAA	PCKAAA	VVVVxx
+4777	6828	1	1	7	17	77	777	777	4777	4777	154	155	TBAAAA	QCKAAA	AAAAxx
+5962	6829	0	2	2	2	62	962	1962	962	5962	124	125	IVAAAA	RCKAAA	HHHHxx
+1763	6830	1	3	3	3	63	763	1763	1763	1763	126	127	VPAAAA	SCKAAA	OOOOxx
+3654	6831	0	2	4	14	54	654	1654	3654	3654	108	109	OKAAAA	TCKAAA	VVVVxx
+4106	6832	0	2	6	6	6	106	106	4106	4106	12	13	YBAAAA	UCKAAA	AAAAxx
+5156	6833	0	0	6	16	56	156	1156	156	5156	112	113	IQAAAA	VCKAAA	HHHHxx
+422	6834	0	2	2	2	22	422	422	422	422	44	45	GQAAAA	WCKAAA	OOOOxx
+5011	6835	1	3	1	11	11	11	1011	11	5011	22	23	TKAAAA	XCKAAA	VVVVxx
+218	6836	0	2	8	18	18	218	218	218	218	36	37	KIAAAA	YCKAAA	AAAAxx
+9762	6837	0	2	2	2	62	762	1762	4762	9762	124	125	MLAAAA	ZCKAAA	HHHHxx
+6074	6838	0	2	4	14	74	74	74	1074	6074	148	149	QZAAAA	ADKAAA	OOOOxx
+4060	6839	0	0	0	0	60	60	60	4060	4060	120	121	EAAAAA	BDKAAA	VVVVxx
+8680	6840	0	0	0	0	80	680	680	3680	8680	160	161	WVAAAA	CDKAAA	AAAAxx
+5863	6841	1	3	3	3	63	863	1863	863	5863	126	127	NRAAAA	DDKAAA	HHHHxx
+8042	6842	0	2	2	2	42	42	42	3042	8042	84	85	IXAAAA	EDKAAA	OOOOxx
+2964	6843	0	0	4	4	64	964	964	2964	2964	128	129	AKAAAA	FDKAAA	VVVVxx
+6931	6844	1	3	1	11	31	931	931	1931	6931	62	63	PGAAAA	GDKAAA	AAAAxx
+6715	6845	1	3	5	15	15	715	715	1715	6715	30	31	HYAAAA	HDKAAA	HHHHxx
+5859	6846	1	3	9	19	59	859	1859	859	5859	118	119	JRAAAA	IDKAAA	OOOOxx
+6173	6847	1	1	3	13	73	173	173	1173	6173	146	147	LDAAAA	JDKAAA	VVVVxx
+7788	6848	0	0	8	8	88	788	1788	2788	7788	176	177	ONAAAA	KDKAAA	AAAAxx
+9370	6849	0	2	0	10	70	370	1370	4370	9370	140	141	KWAAAA	LDKAAA	HHHHxx
+3038	6850	0	2	8	18	38	38	1038	3038	3038	76	77	WMAAAA	MDKAAA	OOOOxx
+6483	6851	1	3	3	3	83	483	483	1483	6483	166	167	JPAAAA	NDKAAA	VVVVxx
+7534	6852	0	2	4	14	34	534	1534	2534	7534	68	69	UDAAAA	ODKAAA	AAAAxx
+5769	6853	1	1	9	9	69	769	1769	769	5769	138	139	XNAAAA	PDKAAA	HHHHxx
+9152	6854	0	0	2	12	52	152	1152	4152	9152	104	105	AOAAAA	QDKAAA	OOOOxx
+6251	6855	1	3	1	11	51	251	251	1251	6251	102	103	LGAAAA	RDKAAA	VVVVxx
+9209	6856	1	1	9	9	9	209	1209	4209	9209	18	19	FQAAAA	SDKAAA	AAAAxx
+5365	6857	1	1	5	5	65	365	1365	365	5365	130	131	JYAAAA	TDKAAA	HHHHxx
+509	6858	1	1	9	9	9	509	509	509	509	18	19	PTAAAA	UDKAAA	OOOOxx
+3132	6859	0	0	2	12	32	132	1132	3132	3132	64	65	MQAAAA	VDKAAA	VVVVxx
+5373	6860	1	1	3	13	73	373	1373	373	5373	146	147	RYAAAA	WDKAAA	AAAAxx
+4247	6861	1	3	7	7	47	247	247	4247	4247	94	95	JHAAAA	XDKAAA	HHHHxx
+3491	6862	1	3	1	11	91	491	1491	3491	3491	182	183	HEAAAA	YDKAAA	OOOOxx
+495	6863	1	3	5	15	95	495	495	495	495	190	191	BTAAAA	ZDKAAA	VVVVxx
+1594	6864	0	2	4	14	94	594	1594	1594	1594	188	189	IJAAAA	AEKAAA	AAAAxx
+2243	6865	1	3	3	3	43	243	243	2243	2243	86	87	HIAAAA	BEKAAA	HHHHxx
+7780	6866	0	0	0	0	80	780	1780	2780	7780	160	161	GNAAAA	CEKAAA	OOOOxx
+5632	6867	0	0	2	12	32	632	1632	632	5632	64	65	QIAAAA	DEKAAA	VVVVxx
+2679	6868	1	3	9	19	79	679	679	2679	2679	158	159	BZAAAA	EEKAAA	AAAAxx
+1354	6869	0	2	4	14	54	354	1354	1354	1354	108	109	CAAAAA	FEKAAA	HHHHxx
+180	6870	0	0	0	0	80	180	180	180	180	160	161	YGAAAA	GEKAAA	OOOOxx
+7017	6871	1	1	7	17	17	17	1017	2017	7017	34	35	XJAAAA	HEKAAA	VVVVxx
+1867	6872	1	3	7	7	67	867	1867	1867	1867	134	135	VTAAAA	IEKAAA	AAAAxx
+2213	6873	1	1	3	13	13	213	213	2213	2213	26	27	DHAAAA	JEKAAA	HHHHxx
+8773	6874	1	1	3	13	73	773	773	3773	8773	146	147	LZAAAA	KEKAAA	OOOOxx
+1784	6875	0	0	4	4	84	784	1784	1784	1784	168	169	QQAAAA	LEKAAA	VVVVxx
+5961	6876	1	1	1	1	61	961	1961	961	5961	122	123	HVAAAA	MEKAAA	AAAAxx
+8801	6877	1	1	1	1	1	801	801	3801	8801	2	3	NAAAAA	NEKAAA	HHHHxx
+4860	6878	0	0	0	0	60	860	860	4860	4860	120	121	YEAAAA	OEKAAA	OOOOxx
+2214	6879	0	2	4	14	14	214	214	2214	2214	28	29	EHAAAA	PEKAAA	VVVVxx
+1735	6880	1	3	5	15	35	735	1735	1735	1735	70	71	TOAAAA	QEKAAA	AAAAxx
+578	6881	0	2	8	18	78	578	578	578	578	156	157	GWAAAA	REKAAA	HHHHxx
+7853	6882	1	1	3	13	53	853	1853	2853	7853	106	107	BQAAAA	SEKAAA	OOOOxx
+2215	6883	1	3	5	15	15	215	215	2215	2215	30	31	FHAAAA	TEKAAA	VVVVxx
+4704	6884	0	0	4	4	4	704	704	4704	4704	8	9	YYAAAA	UEKAAA	AAAAxx
+9379	6885	1	3	9	19	79	379	1379	4379	9379	158	159	TWAAAA	VEKAAA	HHHHxx
+9745	6886	1	1	5	5	45	745	1745	4745	9745	90	91	VKAAAA	WEKAAA	OOOOxx
+5636	6887	0	0	6	16	36	636	1636	636	5636	72	73	UIAAAA	XEKAAA	VVVVxx
+4548	6888	0	0	8	8	48	548	548	4548	4548	96	97	YSAAAA	YEKAAA	AAAAxx
+6537	6889	1	1	7	17	37	537	537	1537	6537	74	75	LRAAAA	ZEKAAA	HHHHxx
+7748	6890	0	0	8	8	48	748	1748	2748	7748	96	97	AMAAAA	AFKAAA	OOOOxx
+687	6891	1	3	7	7	87	687	687	687	687	174	175	LAAAAA	BFKAAA	VVVVxx
+1243	6892	1	3	3	3	43	243	1243	1243	1243	86	87	VVAAAA	CFKAAA	AAAAxx
+852	6893	0	0	2	12	52	852	852	852	852	104	105	UGAAAA	DFKAAA	HHHHxx
+785	6894	1	1	5	5	85	785	785	785	785	170	171	FEAAAA	EFKAAA	OOOOxx
+2002	6895	0	2	2	2	2	2	2	2002	2002	4	5	AZAAAA	FFKAAA	VVVVxx
+2748	6896	0	0	8	8	48	748	748	2748	2748	96	97	SBAAAA	GFKAAA	AAAAxx
+6075	6897	1	3	5	15	75	75	75	1075	6075	150	151	RZAAAA	HFKAAA	HHHHxx
+7029	6898	1	1	9	9	29	29	1029	2029	7029	58	59	JKAAAA	IFKAAA	OOOOxx
+7474	6899	0	2	4	14	74	474	1474	2474	7474	148	149	MBAAAA	JFKAAA	VVVVxx
+7755	6900	1	3	5	15	55	755	1755	2755	7755	110	111	HMAAAA	KFKAAA	AAAAxx
+1456	6901	0	0	6	16	56	456	1456	1456	1456	112	113	AEAAAA	LFKAAA	HHHHxx
+2808	6902	0	0	8	8	8	808	808	2808	2808	16	17	AEAAAA	MFKAAA	OOOOxx
+4089	6903	1	1	9	9	89	89	89	4089	4089	178	179	HBAAAA	NFKAAA	VVVVxx
+4718	6904	0	2	8	18	18	718	718	4718	4718	36	37	MZAAAA	OFKAAA	AAAAxx
+910	6905	0	2	0	10	10	910	910	910	910	20	21	AJAAAA	PFKAAA	HHHHxx
+2868	6906	0	0	8	8	68	868	868	2868	2868	136	137	IGAAAA	QFKAAA	OOOOxx
+2103	6907	1	3	3	3	3	103	103	2103	2103	6	7	XCAAAA	RFKAAA	VVVVxx
+2407	6908	1	3	7	7	7	407	407	2407	2407	14	15	POAAAA	SFKAAA	AAAAxx
+4353	6909	1	1	3	13	53	353	353	4353	4353	106	107	LLAAAA	TFKAAA	HHHHxx
+7988	6910	0	0	8	8	88	988	1988	2988	7988	176	177	GVAAAA	UFKAAA	OOOOxx
+2750	6911	0	2	0	10	50	750	750	2750	2750	100	101	UBAAAA	VFKAAA	VVVVxx
+2006	6912	0	2	6	6	6	6	6	2006	2006	12	13	EZAAAA	WFKAAA	AAAAxx
+4617	6913	1	1	7	17	17	617	617	4617	4617	34	35	PVAAAA	XFKAAA	HHHHxx
+1251	6914	1	3	1	11	51	251	1251	1251	1251	102	103	DWAAAA	YFKAAA	OOOOxx
+4590	6915	0	2	0	10	90	590	590	4590	4590	180	181	OUAAAA	ZFKAAA	VVVVxx
+1144	6916	0	0	4	4	44	144	1144	1144	1144	88	89	ASAAAA	AGKAAA	AAAAxx
+7131	6917	1	3	1	11	31	131	1131	2131	7131	62	63	HOAAAA	BGKAAA	HHHHxx
+95	6918	1	3	5	15	95	95	95	95	95	190	191	RDAAAA	CGKAAA	OOOOxx
+4827	6919	1	3	7	7	27	827	827	4827	4827	54	55	RDAAAA	DGKAAA	VVVVxx
+4307	6920	1	3	7	7	7	307	307	4307	4307	14	15	RJAAAA	EGKAAA	AAAAxx
+1505	6921	1	1	5	5	5	505	1505	1505	1505	10	11	XFAAAA	FGKAAA	HHHHxx
+8191	6922	1	3	1	11	91	191	191	3191	8191	182	183	BDAAAA	GGKAAA	OOOOxx
+5037	6923	1	1	7	17	37	37	1037	37	5037	74	75	TLAAAA	HGKAAA	VVVVxx
+7363	6924	1	3	3	3	63	363	1363	2363	7363	126	127	FXAAAA	IGKAAA	AAAAxx
+8427	6925	1	3	7	7	27	427	427	3427	8427	54	55	DMAAAA	JGKAAA	HHHHxx
+5231	6926	1	3	1	11	31	231	1231	231	5231	62	63	FTAAAA	KGKAAA	OOOOxx
+2943	6927	1	3	3	3	43	943	943	2943	2943	86	87	FJAAAA	LGKAAA	VVVVxx
+4624	6928	0	0	4	4	24	624	624	4624	4624	48	49	WVAAAA	MGKAAA	AAAAxx
+2020	6929	0	0	0	0	20	20	20	2020	2020	40	41	SZAAAA	NGKAAA	HHHHxx
+6155	6930	1	3	5	15	55	155	155	1155	6155	110	111	TCAAAA	OGKAAA	OOOOxx
+4381	6931	1	1	1	1	81	381	381	4381	4381	162	163	NMAAAA	PGKAAA	VVVVxx
+1057	6932	1	1	7	17	57	57	1057	1057	1057	114	115	ROAAAA	QGKAAA	AAAAxx
+9010	6933	0	2	0	10	10	10	1010	4010	9010	20	21	OIAAAA	RGKAAA	HHHHxx
+4947	6934	1	3	7	7	47	947	947	4947	4947	94	95	HIAAAA	SGKAAA	OOOOxx
+335	6935	1	3	5	15	35	335	335	335	335	70	71	XMAAAA	TGKAAA	VVVVxx
+6890	6936	0	2	0	10	90	890	890	1890	6890	180	181	AFAAAA	UGKAAA	AAAAxx
+5070	6937	0	2	0	10	70	70	1070	70	5070	140	141	ANAAAA	VGKAAA	HHHHxx
+5270	6938	0	2	0	10	70	270	1270	270	5270	140	141	SUAAAA	WGKAAA	OOOOxx
+8657	6939	1	1	7	17	57	657	657	3657	8657	114	115	ZUAAAA	XGKAAA	VVVVxx
+7625	6940	1	1	5	5	25	625	1625	2625	7625	50	51	HHAAAA	YGKAAA	AAAAxx
+5759	6941	1	3	9	19	59	759	1759	759	5759	118	119	NNAAAA	ZGKAAA	HHHHxx
+9483	6942	1	3	3	3	83	483	1483	4483	9483	166	167	TAAAAA	AHKAAA	OOOOxx
+8304	6943	0	0	4	4	4	304	304	3304	8304	8	9	KHAAAA	BHKAAA	VVVVxx
+296	6944	0	0	6	16	96	296	296	296	296	192	193	KLAAAA	CHKAAA	AAAAxx
+1176	6945	0	0	6	16	76	176	1176	1176	1176	152	153	GTAAAA	DHKAAA	HHHHxx
+2069	6946	1	1	9	9	69	69	69	2069	2069	138	139	PBAAAA	EHKAAA	OOOOxx
+1531	6947	1	3	1	11	31	531	1531	1531	1531	62	63	XGAAAA	FHKAAA	VVVVxx
+5329	6948	1	1	9	9	29	329	1329	329	5329	58	59	ZWAAAA	GHKAAA	AAAAxx
+3702	6949	0	2	2	2	2	702	1702	3702	3702	4	5	KMAAAA	HHKAAA	HHHHxx
+6520	6950	0	0	0	0	20	520	520	1520	6520	40	41	UQAAAA	IHKAAA	OOOOxx
+7310	6951	0	2	0	10	10	310	1310	2310	7310	20	21	EVAAAA	JHKAAA	VVVVxx
+1175	6952	1	3	5	15	75	175	1175	1175	1175	150	151	FTAAAA	KHKAAA	AAAAxx
+9107	6953	1	3	7	7	7	107	1107	4107	9107	14	15	HMAAAA	LHKAAA	HHHHxx
+2737	6954	1	1	7	17	37	737	737	2737	2737	74	75	HBAAAA	MHKAAA	OOOOxx
+3437	6955	1	1	7	17	37	437	1437	3437	3437	74	75	FCAAAA	NHKAAA	VVVVxx
+281	6956	1	1	1	1	81	281	281	281	281	162	163	VKAAAA	OHKAAA	AAAAxx
+6676	6957	0	0	6	16	76	676	676	1676	6676	152	153	UWAAAA	PHKAAA	HHHHxx
+145	6958	1	1	5	5	45	145	145	145	145	90	91	PFAAAA	QHKAAA	OOOOxx
+3172	6959	0	0	2	12	72	172	1172	3172	3172	144	145	ASAAAA	RHKAAA	VVVVxx
+4049	6960	1	1	9	9	49	49	49	4049	4049	98	99	TZAAAA	SHKAAA	AAAAxx
+6042	6961	0	2	2	2	42	42	42	1042	6042	84	85	KYAAAA	THKAAA	HHHHxx
+9122	6962	0	2	2	2	22	122	1122	4122	9122	44	45	WMAAAA	UHKAAA	OOOOxx
+7244	6963	0	0	4	4	44	244	1244	2244	7244	88	89	QSAAAA	VHKAAA	VVVVxx
+5361	6964	1	1	1	1	61	361	1361	361	5361	122	123	FYAAAA	WHKAAA	AAAAxx
+8647	6965	1	3	7	7	47	647	647	3647	8647	94	95	PUAAAA	XHKAAA	HHHHxx
+7956	6966	0	0	6	16	56	956	1956	2956	7956	112	113	AUAAAA	YHKAAA	OOOOxx
+7812	6967	0	0	2	12	12	812	1812	2812	7812	24	25	MOAAAA	ZHKAAA	VVVVxx
+570	6968	0	2	0	10	70	570	570	570	570	140	141	YVAAAA	AIKAAA	AAAAxx
+4115	6969	1	3	5	15	15	115	115	4115	4115	30	31	HCAAAA	BIKAAA	HHHHxx
+1856	6970	0	0	6	16	56	856	1856	1856	1856	112	113	KTAAAA	CIKAAA	OOOOxx
+9582	6971	0	2	2	2	82	582	1582	4582	9582	164	165	OEAAAA	DIKAAA	VVVVxx
+2025	6972	1	1	5	5	25	25	25	2025	2025	50	51	XZAAAA	EIKAAA	AAAAxx
+986	6973	0	2	6	6	86	986	986	986	986	172	173	YLAAAA	FIKAAA	HHHHxx
+8358	6974	0	2	8	18	58	358	358	3358	8358	116	117	MJAAAA	GIKAAA	OOOOxx
+510	6975	0	2	0	10	10	510	510	510	510	20	21	QTAAAA	HIKAAA	VVVVxx
+6101	6976	1	1	1	1	1	101	101	1101	6101	2	3	RAAAAA	IIKAAA	AAAAxx
+4167	6977	1	3	7	7	67	167	167	4167	4167	134	135	HEAAAA	JIKAAA	HHHHxx
+6139	6978	1	3	9	19	39	139	139	1139	6139	78	79	DCAAAA	KIKAAA	OOOOxx
+6912	6979	0	0	2	12	12	912	912	1912	6912	24	25	WFAAAA	LIKAAA	VVVVxx
+339	6980	1	3	9	19	39	339	339	339	339	78	79	BNAAAA	MIKAAA	AAAAxx
+8759	6981	1	3	9	19	59	759	759	3759	8759	118	119	XYAAAA	NIKAAA	HHHHxx
+246	6982	0	2	6	6	46	246	246	246	246	92	93	MJAAAA	OIKAAA	OOOOxx
+2831	6983	1	3	1	11	31	831	831	2831	2831	62	63	XEAAAA	PIKAAA	VVVVxx
+2327	6984	1	3	7	7	27	327	327	2327	2327	54	55	NLAAAA	QIKAAA	AAAAxx
+7001	6985	1	1	1	1	1	1	1001	2001	7001	2	3	HJAAAA	RIKAAA	HHHHxx
+4398	6986	0	2	8	18	98	398	398	4398	4398	196	197	ENAAAA	SIKAAA	OOOOxx
+1495	6987	1	3	5	15	95	495	1495	1495	1495	190	191	NFAAAA	TIKAAA	VVVVxx
+8522	6988	0	2	2	2	22	522	522	3522	8522	44	45	UPAAAA	UIKAAA	AAAAxx
+7090	6989	0	2	0	10	90	90	1090	2090	7090	180	181	SMAAAA	VIKAAA	HHHHxx
+8457	6990	1	1	7	17	57	457	457	3457	8457	114	115	HNAAAA	WIKAAA	OOOOxx
+4238	6991	0	2	8	18	38	238	238	4238	4238	76	77	AHAAAA	XIKAAA	VVVVxx
+6791	6992	1	3	1	11	91	791	791	1791	6791	182	183	FBAAAA	YIKAAA	AAAAxx
+1342	6993	0	2	2	2	42	342	1342	1342	1342	84	85	QZAAAA	ZIKAAA	HHHHxx
+4580	6994	0	0	0	0	80	580	580	4580	4580	160	161	EUAAAA	AJKAAA	OOOOxx
+1475	6995	1	3	5	15	75	475	1475	1475	1475	150	151	TEAAAA	BJKAAA	VVVVxx
+9184	6996	0	0	4	4	84	184	1184	4184	9184	168	169	GPAAAA	CJKAAA	AAAAxx
+1189	6997	1	1	9	9	89	189	1189	1189	1189	178	179	TTAAAA	DJKAAA	HHHHxx
+638	6998	0	2	8	18	38	638	638	638	638	76	77	OYAAAA	EJKAAA	OOOOxx
+5867	6999	1	3	7	7	67	867	1867	867	5867	134	135	RRAAAA	FJKAAA	VVVVxx
+9911	7000	1	3	1	11	11	911	1911	4911	9911	22	23	FRAAAA	GJKAAA	AAAAxx
+8147	7001	1	3	7	7	47	147	147	3147	8147	94	95	JBAAAA	HJKAAA	HHHHxx
+4492	7002	0	0	2	12	92	492	492	4492	4492	184	185	UQAAAA	IJKAAA	OOOOxx
+385	7003	1	1	5	5	85	385	385	385	385	170	171	VOAAAA	JJKAAA	VVVVxx
+5235	7004	1	3	5	15	35	235	1235	235	5235	70	71	JTAAAA	KJKAAA	AAAAxx
+4812	7005	0	0	2	12	12	812	812	4812	4812	24	25	CDAAAA	LJKAAA	HHHHxx
+9807	7006	1	3	7	7	7	807	1807	4807	9807	14	15	FNAAAA	MJKAAA	OOOOxx
+9588	7007	0	0	8	8	88	588	1588	4588	9588	176	177	UEAAAA	NJKAAA	VVVVxx
+9832	7008	0	0	2	12	32	832	1832	4832	9832	64	65	EOAAAA	OJKAAA	AAAAxx
+3757	7009	1	1	7	17	57	757	1757	3757	3757	114	115	NOAAAA	PJKAAA	HHHHxx
+9703	7010	1	3	3	3	3	703	1703	4703	9703	6	7	FJAAAA	QJKAAA	OOOOxx
+1022	7011	0	2	2	2	22	22	1022	1022	1022	44	45	INAAAA	RJKAAA	VVVVxx
+5165	7012	1	1	5	5	65	165	1165	165	5165	130	131	RQAAAA	SJKAAA	AAAAxx
+7129	7013	1	1	9	9	29	129	1129	2129	7129	58	59	FOAAAA	TJKAAA	HHHHxx
+4164	7014	0	0	4	4	64	164	164	4164	4164	128	129	EEAAAA	UJKAAA	OOOOxx
+7239	7015	1	3	9	19	39	239	1239	2239	7239	78	79	LSAAAA	VJKAAA	VVVVxx
+523	7016	1	3	3	3	23	523	523	523	523	46	47	DUAAAA	WJKAAA	AAAAxx
+4670	7017	0	2	0	10	70	670	670	4670	4670	140	141	QXAAAA	XJKAAA	HHHHxx
+8503	7018	1	3	3	3	3	503	503	3503	8503	6	7	BPAAAA	YJKAAA	OOOOxx
+714	7019	0	2	4	14	14	714	714	714	714	28	29	MBAAAA	ZJKAAA	VVVVxx
+1350	7020	0	2	0	10	50	350	1350	1350	1350	100	101	YZAAAA	AKKAAA	AAAAxx
+8318	7021	0	2	8	18	18	318	318	3318	8318	36	37	YHAAAA	BKKAAA	HHHHxx
+1834	7022	0	2	4	14	34	834	1834	1834	1834	68	69	OSAAAA	CKKAAA	OOOOxx
+4306	7023	0	2	6	6	6	306	306	4306	4306	12	13	QJAAAA	DKKAAA	VVVVxx
+8543	7024	1	3	3	3	43	543	543	3543	8543	86	87	PQAAAA	EKKAAA	AAAAxx
+9397	7025	1	1	7	17	97	397	1397	4397	9397	194	195	LXAAAA	FKKAAA	HHHHxx
+3145	7026	1	1	5	5	45	145	1145	3145	3145	90	91	ZQAAAA	GKKAAA	OOOOxx
+3942	7027	0	2	2	2	42	942	1942	3942	3942	84	85	QVAAAA	HKKAAA	VVVVxx
+8583	7028	1	3	3	3	83	583	583	3583	8583	166	167	DSAAAA	IKKAAA	AAAAxx
+8073	7029	1	1	3	13	73	73	73	3073	8073	146	147	NYAAAA	JKKAAA	HHHHxx
+4940	7030	0	0	0	0	40	940	940	4940	4940	80	81	AIAAAA	KKKAAA	OOOOxx
+9573	7031	1	1	3	13	73	573	1573	4573	9573	146	147	FEAAAA	LKKAAA	VVVVxx
+5325	7032	1	1	5	5	25	325	1325	325	5325	50	51	VWAAAA	MKKAAA	AAAAxx
+1833	7033	1	1	3	13	33	833	1833	1833	1833	66	67	NSAAAA	NKKAAA	HHHHxx
+1337	7034	1	1	7	17	37	337	1337	1337	1337	74	75	LZAAAA	OKKAAA	OOOOxx
+9749	7035	1	1	9	9	49	749	1749	4749	9749	98	99	ZKAAAA	PKKAAA	VVVVxx
+7505	7036	1	1	5	5	5	505	1505	2505	7505	10	11	RCAAAA	QKKAAA	AAAAxx
+9731	7037	1	3	1	11	31	731	1731	4731	9731	62	63	HKAAAA	RKKAAA	HHHHxx
+4098	7038	0	2	8	18	98	98	98	4098	4098	196	197	QBAAAA	SKKAAA	OOOOxx
+1418	7039	0	2	8	18	18	418	1418	1418	1418	36	37	OCAAAA	TKKAAA	VVVVxx
+63	7040	1	3	3	3	63	63	63	63	63	126	127	LCAAAA	UKKAAA	AAAAxx
+9889	7041	1	1	9	9	89	889	1889	4889	9889	178	179	JQAAAA	VKKAAA	HHHHxx
+2871	7042	1	3	1	11	71	871	871	2871	2871	142	143	LGAAAA	WKKAAA	OOOOxx
+1003	7043	1	3	3	3	3	3	1003	1003	1003	6	7	PMAAAA	XKKAAA	VVVVxx
+8796	7044	0	0	6	16	96	796	796	3796	8796	192	193	IAAAAA	YKKAAA	AAAAxx
+22	7045	0	2	2	2	22	22	22	22	22	44	45	WAAAAA	ZKKAAA	HHHHxx
+8244	7046	0	0	4	4	44	244	244	3244	8244	88	89	CFAAAA	ALKAAA	OOOOxx
+2282	7047	0	2	2	2	82	282	282	2282	2282	164	165	UJAAAA	BLKAAA	VVVVxx
+3487	7048	1	3	7	7	87	487	1487	3487	3487	174	175	DEAAAA	CLKAAA	AAAAxx
+8633	7049	1	1	3	13	33	633	633	3633	8633	66	67	BUAAAA	DLKAAA	HHHHxx
+6418	7050	0	2	8	18	18	418	418	1418	6418	36	37	WMAAAA	ELKAAA	OOOOxx
+4682	7051	0	2	2	2	82	682	682	4682	4682	164	165	CYAAAA	FLKAAA	VVVVxx
+4103	7052	1	3	3	3	3	103	103	4103	4103	6	7	VBAAAA	GLKAAA	AAAAxx
+6256	7053	0	0	6	16	56	256	256	1256	6256	112	113	QGAAAA	HLKAAA	HHHHxx
+4040	7054	0	0	0	0	40	40	40	4040	4040	80	81	KZAAAA	ILKAAA	OOOOxx
+9342	7055	0	2	2	2	42	342	1342	4342	9342	84	85	IVAAAA	JLKAAA	VVVVxx
+9969	7056	1	1	9	9	69	969	1969	4969	9969	138	139	LTAAAA	KLKAAA	AAAAxx
+223	7057	1	3	3	3	23	223	223	223	223	46	47	PIAAAA	LLKAAA	HHHHxx
+4593	7058	1	1	3	13	93	593	593	4593	4593	186	187	RUAAAA	MLKAAA	OOOOxx
+44	7059	0	0	4	4	44	44	44	44	44	88	89	SBAAAA	NLKAAA	VVVVxx
+3513	7060	1	1	3	13	13	513	1513	3513	3513	26	27	DFAAAA	OLKAAA	AAAAxx
+5771	7061	1	3	1	11	71	771	1771	771	5771	142	143	ZNAAAA	PLKAAA	HHHHxx
+5083	7062	1	3	3	3	83	83	1083	83	5083	166	167	NNAAAA	QLKAAA	OOOOxx
+3839	7063	1	3	9	19	39	839	1839	3839	3839	78	79	RRAAAA	RLKAAA	VVVVxx
+2986	7064	0	2	6	6	86	986	986	2986	2986	172	173	WKAAAA	SLKAAA	AAAAxx
+2200	7065	0	0	0	0	0	200	200	2200	2200	0	1	QGAAAA	TLKAAA	HHHHxx
+197	7066	1	1	7	17	97	197	197	197	197	194	195	PHAAAA	ULKAAA	OOOOxx
+7455	7067	1	3	5	15	55	455	1455	2455	7455	110	111	TAAAAA	VLKAAA	VVVVxx
+1379	7068	1	3	9	19	79	379	1379	1379	1379	158	159	BBAAAA	WLKAAA	AAAAxx
+4356	7069	0	0	6	16	56	356	356	4356	4356	112	113	OLAAAA	XLKAAA	HHHHxx
+6888	7070	0	0	8	8	88	888	888	1888	6888	176	177	YEAAAA	YLKAAA	OOOOxx
+9139	7071	1	3	9	19	39	139	1139	4139	9139	78	79	NNAAAA	ZLKAAA	VVVVxx
+7682	7072	0	2	2	2	82	682	1682	2682	7682	164	165	MJAAAA	AMKAAA	AAAAxx
+4873	7073	1	1	3	13	73	873	873	4873	4873	146	147	LFAAAA	BMKAAA	HHHHxx
+783	7074	1	3	3	3	83	783	783	783	783	166	167	DEAAAA	CMKAAA	OOOOxx
+6071	7075	1	3	1	11	71	71	71	1071	6071	142	143	NZAAAA	DMKAAA	VVVVxx
+5160	7076	0	0	0	0	60	160	1160	160	5160	120	121	MQAAAA	EMKAAA	AAAAxx
+2291	7077	1	3	1	11	91	291	291	2291	2291	182	183	DKAAAA	FMKAAA	HHHHxx
+187	7078	1	3	7	7	87	187	187	187	187	174	175	FHAAAA	GMKAAA	OOOOxx
+7786	7079	0	2	6	6	86	786	1786	2786	7786	172	173	MNAAAA	HMKAAA	VVVVxx
+3432	7080	0	0	2	12	32	432	1432	3432	3432	64	65	ACAAAA	IMKAAA	AAAAxx
+5450	7081	0	2	0	10	50	450	1450	450	5450	100	101	QBAAAA	JMKAAA	HHHHxx
+2699	7082	1	3	9	19	99	699	699	2699	2699	198	199	VZAAAA	KMKAAA	OOOOxx
+692	7083	0	0	2	12	92	692	692	692	692	184	185	QAAAAA	LMKAAA	VVVVxx
+6081	7084	1	1	1	1	81	81	81	1081	6081	162	163	XZAAAA	MMKAAA	AAAAxx
+4829	7085	1	1	9	9	29	829	829	4829	4829	58	59	TDAAAA	NMKAAA	HHHHxx
+238	7086	0	2	8	18	38	238	238	238	238	76	77	EJAAAA	OMKAAA	OOOOxx
+9100	7087	0	0	0	0	0	100	1100	4100	9100	0	1	AMAAAA	PMKAAA	VVVVxx
+1968	7088	0	0	8	8	68	968	1968	1968	1968	136	137	SXAAAA	QMKAAA	AAAAxx
+1872	7089	0	0	2	12	72	872	1872	1872	1872	144	145	AUAAAA	RMKAAA	HHHHxx
+7051	7090	1	3	1	11	51	51	1051	2051	7051	102	103	FLAAAA	SMKAAA	OOOOxx
+2743	7091	1	3	3	3	43	743	743	2743	2743	86	87	NBAAAA	TMKAAA	VVVVxx
+1237	7092	1	1	7	17	37	237	1237	1237	1237	74	75	PVAAAA	UMKAAA	AAAAxx
+3052	7093	0	0	2	12	52	52	1052	3052	3052	104	105	KNAAAA	VMKAAA	HHHHxx
+8021	7094	1	1	1	1	21	21	21	3021	8021	42	43	NWAAAA	WMKAAA	OOOOxx
+657	7095	1	1	7	17	57	657	657	657	657	114	115	HZAAAA	XMKAAA	VVVVxx
+2236	7096	0	0	6	16	36	236	236	2236	2236	72	73	AIAAAA	YMKAAA	AAAAxx
+7011	7097	1	3	1	11	11	11	1011	2011	7011	22	23	RJAAAA	ZMKAAA	HHHHxx
+4067	7098	1	3	7	7	67	67	67	4067	4067	134	135	LAAAAA	ANKAAA	OOOOxx
+9449	7099	1	1	9	9	49	449	1449	4449	9449	98	99	LZAAAA	BNKAAA	VVVVxx
+7428	7100	0	0	8	8	28	428	1428	2428	7428	56	57	SZAAAA	CNKAAA	AAAAxx
+1272	7101	0	0	2	12	72	272	1272	1272	1272	144	145	YWAAAA	DNKAAA	HHHHxx
+6897	7102	1	1	7	17	97	897	897	1897	6897	194	195	HFAAAA	ENKAAA	OOOOxx
+5839	7103	1	3	9	19	39	839	1839	839	5839	78	79	PQAAAA	FNKAAA	VVVVxx
+6835	7104	1	3	5	15	35	835	835	1835	6835	70	71	XCAAAA	GNKAAA	AAAAxx
+1887	7105	1	3	7	7	87	887	1887	1887	1887	174	175	PUAAAA	HNKAAA	HHHHxx
+1551	7106	1	3	1	11	51	551	1551	1551	1551	102	103	RHAAAA	INKAAA	OOOOxx
+4667	7107	1	3	7	7	67	667	667	4667	4667	134	135	NXAAAA	JNKAAA	VVVVxx
+9603	7108	1	3	3	3	3	603	1603	4603	9603	6	7	JFAAAA	KNKAAA	AAAAxx
+4332	7109	0	0	2	12	32	332	332	4332	4332	64	65	QKAAAA	LNKAAA	HHHHxx
+5681	7110	1	1	1	1	81	681	1681	681	5681	162	163	NKAAAA	MNKAAA	OOOOxx
+8062	7111	0	2	2	2	62	62	62	3062	8062	124	125	CYAAAA	NNKAAA	VVVVxx
+2302	7112	0	2	2	2	2	302	302	2302	2302	4	5	OKAAAA	ONKAAA	AAAAxx
+2825	7113	1	1	5	5	25	825	825	2825	2825	50	51	REAAAA	PNKAAA	HHHHxx
+4527	7114	1	3	7	7	27	527	527	4527	4527	54	55	DSAAAA	QNKAAA	OOOOxx
+4230	7115	0	2	0	10	30	230	230	4230	4230	60	61	SGAAAA	RNKAAA	VVVVxx
+3053	7116	1	1	3	13	53	53	1053	3053	3053	106	107	LNAAAA	SNKAAA	AAAAxx
+983	7117	1	3	3	3	83	983	983	983	983	166	167	VLAAAA	TNKAAA	HHHHxx
+9458	7118	0	2	8	18	58	458	1458	4458	9458	116	117	UZAAAA	UNKAAA	OOOOxx
+4128	7119	0	0	8	8	28	128	128	4128	4128	56	57	UCAAAA	VNKAAA	VVVVxx
+425	7120	1	1	5	5	25	425	425	425	425	50	51	JQAAAA	WNKAAA	AAAAxx
+3911	7121	1	3	1	11	11	911	1911	3911	3911	22	23	LUAAAA	XNKAAA	HHHHxx
+6607	7122	1	3	7	7	7	607	607	1607	6607	14	15	DUAAAA	YNKAAA	OOOOxx
+5431	7123	1	3	1	11	31	431	1431	431	5431	62	63	XAAAAA	ZNKAAA	VVVVxx
+6330	7124	0	2	0	10	30	330	330	1330	6330	60	61	MJAAAA	AOKAAA	AAAAxx
+3592	7125	0	0	2	12	92	592	1592	3592	3592	184	185	EIAAAA	BOKAAA	HHHHxx
+154	7126	0	2	4	14	54	154	154	154	154	108	109	YFAAAA	COKAAA	OOOOxx
+9879	7127	1	3	9	19	79	879	1879	4879	9879	158	159	ZPAAAA	DOKAAA	VVVVxx
+3202	7128	0	2	2	2	2	202	1202	3202	3202	4	5	ETAAAA	EOKAAA	AAAAxx
+3056	7129	0	0	6	16	56	56	1056	3056	3056	112	113	ONAAAA	FOKAAA	HHHHxx
+9890	7130	0	2	0	10	90	890	1890	4890	9890	180	181	KQAAAA	GOKAAA	OOOOxx
+5840	7131	0	0	0	0	40	840	1840	840	5840	80	81	QQAAAA	HOKAAA	VVVVxx
+9804	7132	0	0	4	4	4	804	1804	4804	9804	8	9	CNAAAA	IOKAAA	AAAAxx
+681	7133	1	1	1	1	81	681	681	681	681	162	163	FAAAAA	JOKAAA	HHHHxx
+3443	7134	1	3	3	3	43	443	1443	3443	3443	86	87	LCAAAA	KOKAAA	OOOOxx
+8088	7135	0	0	8	8	88	88	88	3088	8088	176	177	CZAAAA	LOKAAA	VVVVxx
+9447	7136	1	3	7	7	47	447	1447	4447	9447	94	95	JZAAAA	MOKAAA	AAAAxx
+1490	7137	0	2	0	10	90	490	1490	1490	1490	180	181	IFAAAA	NOKAAA	HHHHxx
+3684	7138	0	0	4	4	84	684	1684	3684	3684	168	169	SLAAAA	OOKAAA	OOOOxx
+3113	7139	1	1	3	13	13	113	1113	3113	3113	26	27	TPAAAA	POKAAA	VVVVxx
+9004	7140	0	0	4	4	4	4	1004	4004	9004	8	9	IIAAAA	QOKAAA	AAAAxx
+7147	7141	1	3	7	7	47	147	1147	2147	7147	94	95	XOAAAA	ROKAAA	HHHHxx
+7571	7142	1	3	1	11	71	571	1571	2571	7571	142	143	FFAAAA	SOKAAA	OOOOxx
+5545	7143	1	1	5	5	45	545	1545	545	5545	90	91	HFAAAA	TOKAAA	VVVVxx
+4558	7144	0	2	8	18	58	558	558	4558	4558	116	117	ITAAAA	UOKAAA	AAAAxx
+6206	7145	0	2	6	6	6	206	206	1206	6206	12	13	SEAAAA	VOKAAA	HHHHxx
+5695	7146	1	3	5	15	95	695	1695	695	5695	190	191	BLAAAA	WOKAAA	OOOOxx
+9600	7147	0	0	0	0	0	600	1600	4600	9600	0	1	GFAAAA	XOKAAA	VVVVxx
+5432	7148	0	0	2	12	32	432	1432	432	5432	64	65	YAAAAA	YOKAAA	AAAAxx
+9299	7149	1	3	9	19	99	299	1299	4299	9299	198	199	RTAAAA	ZOKAAA	HHHHxx
+2386	7150	0	2	6	6	86	386	386	2386	2386	172	173	UNAAAA	APKAAA	OOOOxx
+2046	7151	0	2	6	6	46	46	46	2046	2046	92	93	SAAAAA	BPKAAA	VVVVxx
+3293	7152	1	1	3	13	93	293	1293	3293	3293	186	187	RWAAAA	CPKAAA	AAAAxx
+3046	7153	0	2	6	6	46	46	1046	3046	3046	92	93	ENAAAA	DPKAAA	HHHHxx
+214	7154	0	2	4	14	14	214	214	214	214	28	29	GIAAAA	EPKAAA	OOOOxx
+7893	7155	1	1	3	13	93	893	1893	2893	7893	186	187	PRAAAA	FPKAAA	VVVVxx
+891	7156	1	3	1	11	91	891	891	891	891	182	183	HIAAAA	GPKAAA	AAAAxx
+6499	7157	1	3	9	19	99	499	499	1499	6499	198	199	ZPAAAA	HPKAAA	HHHHxx
+5003	7158	1	3	3	3	3	3	1003	3	5003	6	7	LKAAAA	IPKAAA	OOOOxx
+6487	7159	1	3	7	7	87	487	487	1487	6487	174	175	NPAAAA	JPKAAA	VVVVxx
+9403	7160	1	3	3	3	3	403	1403	4403	9403	6	7	RXAAAA	KPKAAA	AAAAxx
+945	7161	1	1	5	5	45	945	945	945	945	90	91	JKAAAA	LPKAAA	HHHHxx
+6713	7162	1	1	3	13	13	713	713	1713	6713	26	27	FYAAAA	MPKAAA	OOOOxx
+9928	7163	0	0	8	8	28	928	1928	4928	9928	56	57	WRAAAA	NPKAAA	VVVVxx
+8585	7164	1	1	5	5	85	585	585	3585	8585	170	171	FSAAAA	OPKAAA	AAAAxx
+4004	7165	0	0	4	4	4	4	4	4004	4004	8	9	AYAAAA	PPKAAA	HHHHxx
+2528	7166	0	0	8	8	28	528	528	2528	2528	56	57	GTAAAA	QPKAAA	OOOOxx
+3350	7167	0	2	0	10	50	350	1350	3350	3350	100	101	WYAAAA	RPKAAA	VVVVxx
+2160	7168	0	0	0	0	60	160	160	2160	2160	120	121	CFAAAA	SPKAAA	AAAAxx
+1521	7169	1	1	1	1	21	521	1521	1521	1521	42	43	NGAAAA	TPKAAA	HHHHxx
+5660	7170	0	0	0	0	60	660	1660	660	5660	120	121	SJAAAA	UPKAAA	OOOOxx
+5755	7171	1	3	5	15	55	755	1755	755	5755	110	111	JNAAAA	VPKAAA	VVVVxx
+7614	7172	0	2	4	14	14	614	1614	2614	7614	28	29	WGAAAA	WPKAAA	AAAAxx
+3121	7173	1	1	1	1	21	121	1121	3121	3121	42	43	BQAAAA	XPKAAA	HHHHxx
+2735	7174	1	3	5	15	35	735	735	2735	2735	70	71	FBAAAA	YPKAAA	OOOOxx
+7506	7175	0	2	6	6	6	506	1506	2506	7506	12	13	SCAAAA	ZPKAAA	VVVVxx
+2693	7176	1	1	3	13	93	693	693	2693	2693	186	187	PZAAAA	AQKAAA	AAAAxx
+2892	7177	0	0	2	12	92	892	892	2892	2892	184	185	GHAAAA	BQKAAA	HHHHxx
+3310	7178	0	2	0	10	10	310	1310	3310	3310	20	21	IXAAAA	CQKAAA	OOOOxx
+3484	7179	0	0	4	4	84	484	1484	3484	3484	168	169	AEAAAA	DQKAAA	VVVVxx
+9733	7180	1	1	3	13	33	733	1733	4733	9733	66	67	JKAAAA	EQKAAA	AAAAxx
+29	7181	1	1	9	9	29	29	29	29	29	58	59	DBAAAA	FQKAAA	HHHHxx
+9013	7182	1	1	3	13	13	13	1013	4013	9013	26	27	RIAAAA	GQKAAA	OOOOxx
+3847	7183	1	3	7	7	47	847	1847	3847	3847	94	95	ZRAAAA	HQKAAA	VVVVxx
+6724	7184	0	0	4	4	24	724	724	1724	6724	48	49	QYAAAA	IQKAAA	AAAAxx
+2559	7185	1	3	9	19	59	559	559	2559	2559	118	119	LUAAAA	JQKAAA	HHHHxx
+5326	7186	0	2	6	6	26	326	1326	326	5326	52	53	WWAAAA	KQKAAA	OOOOxx
+4802	7187	0	2	2	2	2	802	802	4802	4802	4	5	SCAAAA	LQKAAA	VVVVxx
+131	7188	1	3	1	11	31	131	131	131	131	62	63	BFAAAA	MQKAAA	AAAAxx
+1634	7189	0	2	4	14	34	634	1634	1634	1634	68	69	WKAAAA	NQKAAA	HHHHxx
+919	7190	1	3	9	19	19	919	919	919	919	38	39	JJAAAA	OQKAAA	OOOOxx
+9575	7191	1	3	5	15	75	575	1575	4575	9575	150	151	HEAAAA	PQKAAA	VVVVxx
+1256	7192	0	0	6	16	56	256	1256	1256	1256	112	113	IWAAAA	QQKAAA	AAAAxx
+9428	7193	0	0	8	8	28	428	1428	4428	9428	56	57	QYAAAA	RQKAAA	HHHHxx
+5121	7194	1	1	1	1	21	121	1121	121	5121	42	43	ZOAAAA	SQKAAA	OOOOxx
+6584	7195	0	0	4	4	84	584	584	1584	6584	168	169	GTAAAA	TQKAAA	VVVVxx
+7193	7196	1	1	3	13	93	193	1193	2193	7193	186	187	RQAAAA	UQKAAA	AAAAxx
+4047	7197	1	3	7	7	47	47	47	4047	4047	94	95	RZAAAA	VQKAAA	HHHHxx
+104	7198	0	0	4	4	4	104	104	104	104	8	9	AEAAAA	WQKAAA	OOOOxx
+1527	7199	1	3	7	7	27	527	1527	1527	1527	54	55	TGAAAA	XQKAAA	VVVVxx
+3460	7200	0	0	0	0	60	460	1460	3460	3460	120	121	CDAAAA	YQKAAA	AAAAxx
+8526	7201	0	2	6	6	26	526	526	3526	8526	52	53	YPAAAA	ZQKAAA	HHHHxx
+8959	7202	1	3	9	19	59	959	959	3959	8959	118	119	PGAAAA	ARKAAA	OOOOxx
+3633	7203	1	1	3	13	33	633	1633	3633	3633	66	67	TJAAAA	BRKAAA	VVVVxx
+1799	7204	1	3	9	19	99	799	1799	1799	1799	198	199	FRAAAA	CRKAAA	AAAAxx
+461	7205	1	1	1	1	61	461	461	461	461	122	123	TRAAAA	DRKAAA	HHHHxx
+718	7206	0	2	8	18	18	718	718	718	718	36	37	QBAAAA	ERKAAA	OOOOxx
+3219	7207	1	3	9	19	19	219	1219	3219	3219	38	39	VTAAAA	FRKAAA	VVVVxx
+3494	7208	0	2	4	14	94	494	1494	3494	3494	188	189	KEAAAA	GRKAAA	AAAAxx
+9402	7209	0	2	2	2	2	402	1402	4402	9402	4	5	QXAAAA	HRKAAA	HHHHxx
+7983	7210	1	3	3	3	83	983	1983	2983	7983	166	167	BVAAAA	IRKAAA	OOOOxx
+7919	7211	1	3	9	19	19	919	1919	2919	7919	38	39	PSAAAA	JRKAAA	VVVVxx
+8036	7212	0	0	6	16	36	36	36	3036	8036	72	73	CXAAAA	KRKAAA	AAAAxx
+5164	7213	0	0	4	4	64	164	1164	164	5164	128	129	QQAAAA	LRKAAA	HHHHxx
+4160	7214	0	0	0	0	60	160	160	4160	4160	120	121	AEAAAA	MRKAAA	OOOOxx
+5370	7215	0	2	0	10	70	370	1370	370	5370	140	141	OYAAAA	NRKAAA	VVVVxx
+5347	7216	1	3	7	7	47	347	1347	347	5347	94	95	RXAAAA	ORKAAA	AAAAxx
+7109	7217	1	1	9	9	9	109	1109	2109	7109	18	19	LNAAAA	PRKAAA	HHHHxx
+4826	7218	0	2	6	6	26	826	826	4826	4826	52	53	QDAAAA	QRKAAA	OOOOxx
+1338	7219	0	2	8	18	38	338	1338	1338	1338	76	77	MZAAAA	RRKAAA	VVVVxx
+2711	7220	1	3	1	11	11	711	711	2711	2711	22	23	HAAAAA	SRKAAA	AAAAxx
+6299	7221	1	3	9	19	99	299	299	1299	6299	198	199	HIAAAA	TRKAAA	HHHHxx
+1616	7222	0	0	6	16	16	616	1616	1616	1616	32	33	EKAAAA	URKAAA	OOOOxx
+7519	7223	1	3	9	19	19	519	1519	2519	7519	38	39	FDAAAA	VRKAAA	VVVVxx
+1262	7224	0	2	2	2	62	262	1262	1262	1262	124	125	OWAAAA	WRKAAA	AAAAxx
+7228	7225	0	0	8	8	28	228	1228	2228	7228	56	57	ASAAAA	XRKAAA	HHHHxx
+7892	7226	0	0	2	12	92	892	1892	2892	7892	184	185	ORAAAA	YRKAAA	OOOOxx
+7929	7227	1	1	9	9	29	929	1929	2929	7929	58	59	ZSAAAA	ZRKAAA	VVVVxx
+7705	7228	1	1	5	5	5	705	1705	2705	7705	10	11	JKAAAA	ASKAAA	AAAAxx
+3111	7229	1	3	1	11	11	111	1111	3111	3111	22	23	RPAAAA	BSKAAA	HHHHxx
+3066	7230	0	2	6	6	66	66	1066	3066	3066	132	133	YNAAAA	CSKAAA	OOOOxx
+9559	7231	1	3	9	19	59	559	1559	4559	9559	118	119	RDAAAA	DSKAAA	VVVVxx
+3787	7232	1	3	7	7	87	787	1787	3787	3787	174	175	RPAAAA	ESKAAA	AAAAxx
+8710	7233	0	2	0	10	10	710	710	3710	8710	20	21	AXAAAA	FSKAAA	HHHHxx
+4870	7234	0	2	0	10	70	870	870	4870	4870	140	141	IFAAAA	GSKAAA	OOOOxx
+1883	7235	1	3	3	3	83	883	1883	1883	1883	166	167	LUAAAA	HSKAAA	VVVVxx
+9689	7236	1	1	9	9	89	689	1689	4689	9689	178	179	RIAAAA	ISKAAA	AAAAxx
+9491	7237	1	3	1	11	91	491	1491	4491	9491	182	183	BBAAAA	JSKAAA	HHHHxx
+2035	7238	1	3	5	15	35	35	35	2035	2035	70	71	HAAAAA	KSKAAA	OOOOxx
+655	7239	1	3	5	15	55	655	655	655	655	110	111	FZAAAA	LSKAAA	VVVVxx
+6305	7240	1	1	5	5	5	305	305	1305	6305	10	11	NIAAAA	MSKAAA	AAAAxx
+9423	7241	1	3	3	3	23	423	1423	4423	9423	46	47	LYAAAA	NSKAAA	HHHHxx
+283	7242	1	3	3	3	83	283	283	283	283	166	167	XKAAAA	OSKAAA	OOOOxx
+2607	7243	1	3	7	7	7	607	607	2607	2607	14	15	HWAAAA	PSKAAA	VVVVxx
+7740	7244	0	0	0	0	40	740	1740	2740	7740	80	81	SLAAAA	QSKAAA	AAAAxx
+6956	7245	0	0	6	16	56	956	956	1956	6956	112	113	OHAAAA	RSKAAA	HHHHxx
+884	7246	0	0	4	4	84	884	884	884	884	168	169	AIAAAA	SSKAAA	OOOOxx
+5730	7247	0	2	0	10	30	730	1730	730	5730	60	61	KMAAAA	TSKAAA	VVVVxx
+3438	7248	0	2	8	18	38	438	1438	3438	3438	76	77	GCAAAA	USKAAA	AAAAxx
+3250	7249	0	2	0	10	50	250	1250	3250	3250	100	101	AVAAAA	VSKAAA	HHHHxx
+5470	7250	0	2	0	10	70	470	1470	470	5470	140	141	KCAAAA	WSKAAA	OOOOxx
+2037	7251	1	1	7	17	37	37	37	2037	2037	74	75	JAAAAA	XSKAAA	VVVVxx
+6593	7252	1	1	3	13	93	593	593	1593	6593	186	187	PTAAAA	YSKAAA	AAAAxx
+3893	7253	1	1	3	13	93	893	1893	3893	3893	186	187	TTAAAA	ZSKAAA	HHHHxx
+3200	7254	0	0	0	0	0	200	1200	3200	3200	0	1	CTAAAA	ATKAAA	OOOOxx
+7125	7255	1	1	5	5	25	125	1125	2125	7125	50	51	BOAAAA	BTKAAA	VVVVxx
+2295	7256	1	3	5	15	95	295	295	2295	2295	190	191	HKAAAA	CTKAAA	AAAAxx
+2056	7257	0	0	6	16	56	56	56	2056	2056	112	113	CBAAAA	DTKAAA	HHHHxx
+2962	7258	0	2	2	2	62	962	962	2962	2962	124	125	YJAAAA	ETKAAA	OOOOxx
+993	7259	1	1	3	13	93	993	993	993	993	186	187	FMAAAA	FTKAAA	VVVVxx
+9127	7260	1	3	7	7	27	127	1127	4127	9127	54	55	BNAAAA	GTKAAA	AAAAxx
+2075	7261	1	3	5	15	75	75	75	2075	2075	150	151	VBAAAA	HTKAAA	HHHHxx
+9338	7262	0	2	8	18	38	338	1338	4338	9338	76	77	EVAAAA	ITKAAA	OOOOxx
+8100	7263	0	0	0	0	0	100	100	3100	8100	0	1	OZAAAA	JTKAAA	VVVVxx
+5047	7264	1	3	7	7	47	47	1047	47	5047	94	95	DMAAAA	KTKAAA	AAAAxx
+7032	7265	0	0	2	12	32	32	1032	2032	7032	64	65	MKAAAA	LTKAAA	HHHHxx
+6374	7266	0	2	4	14	74	374	374	1374	6374	148	149	ELAAAA	MTKAAA	OOOOxx
+4137	7267	1	1	7	17	37	137	137	4137	4137	74	75	DDAAAA	NTKAAA	VVVVxx
+7132	7268	0	0	2	12	32	132	1132	2132	7132	64	65	IOAAAA	OTKAAA	AAAAxx
+3064	7269	0	0	4	4	64	64	1064	3064	3064	128	129	WNAAAA	PTKAAA	HHHHxx
+3621	7270	1	1	1	1	21	621	1621	3621	3621	42	43	HJAAAA	QTKAAA	OOOOxx
+6199	7271	1	3	9	19	99	199	199	1199	6199	198	199	LEAAAA	RTKAAA	VVVVxx
+4926	7272	0	2	6	6	26	926	926	4926	4926	52	53	MHAAAA	STKAAA	AAAAxx
+8035	7273	1	3	5	15	35	35	35	3035	8035	70	71	BXAAAA	TTKAAA	HHHHxx
+2195	7274	1	3	5	15	95	195	195	2195	2195	190	191	LGAAAA	UTKAAA	OOOOxx
+5366	7275	0	2	6	6	66	366	1366	366	5366	132	133	KYAAAA	VTKAAA	VVVVxx
+3478	7276	0	2	8	18	78	478	1478	3478	3478	156	157	UDAAAA	WTKAAA	AAAAxx
+1926	7277	0	2	6	6	26	926	1926	1926	1926	52	53	CWAAAA	XTKAAA	HHHHxx
+7265	7278	1	1	5	5	65	265	1265	2265	7265	130	131	LTAAAA	YTKAAA	OOOOxx
+7668	7279	0	0	8	8	68	668	1668	2668	7668	136	137	YIAAAA	ZTKAAA	VVVVxx
+3335	7280	1	3	5	15	35	335	1335	3335	3335	70	71	HYAAAA	AUKAAA	AAAAxx
+7660	7281	0	0	0	0	60	660	1660	2660	7660	120	121	QIAAAA	BUKAAA	HHHHxx
+9604	7282	0	0	4	4	4	604	1604	4604	9604	8	9	KFAAAA	CUKAAA	OOOOxx
+7301	7283	1	1	1	1	1	301	1301	2301	7301	2	3	VUAAAA	DUKAAA	VVVVxx
+4475	7284	1	3	5	15	75	475	475	4475	4475	150	151	DQAAAA	EUKAAA	AAAAxx
+9954	7285	0	2	4	14	54	954	1954	4954	9954	108	109	WSAAAA	FUKAAA	HHHHxx
+5723	7286	1	3	3	3	23	723	1723	723	5723	46	47	DMAAAA	GUKAAA	OOOOxx
+2669	7287	1	1	9	9	69	669	669	2669	2669	138	139	RYAAAA	HUKAAA	VVVVxx
+1685	7288	1	1	5	5	85	685	1685	1685	1685	170	171	VMAAAA	IUKAAA	AAAAxx
+2233	7289	1	1	3	13	33	233	233	2233	2233	66	67	XHAAAA	JUKAAA	HHHHxx
+8111	7290	1	3	1	11	11	111	111	3111	8111	22	23	ZZAAAA	KUKAAA	OOOOxx
+7685	7291	1	1	5	5	85	685	1685	2685	7685	170	171	PJAAAA	LUKAAA	VVVVxx
+3773	7292	1	1	3	13	73	773	1773	3773	3773	146	147	DPAAAA	MUKAAA	AAAAxx
+7172	7293	0	0	2	12	72	172	1172	2172	7172	144	145	WPAAAA	NUKAAA	HHHHxx
+1740	7294	0	0	0	0	40	740	1740	1740	1740	80	81	YOAAAA	OUKAAA	OOOOxx
+5416	7295	0	0	6	16	16	416	1416	416	5416	32	33	IAAAAA	PUKAAA	VVVVxx
+1823	7296	1	3	3	3	23	823	1823	1823	1823	46	47	DSAAAA	QUKAAA	AAAAxx
+1668	7297	0	0	8	8	68	668	1668	1668	1668	136	137	EMAAAA	RUKAAA	HHHHxx
+1795	7298	1	3	5	15	95	795	1795	1795	1795	190	191	BRAAAA	SUKAAA	OOOOxx
+8599	7299	1	3	9	19	99	599	599	3599	8599	198	199	TSAAAA	TUKAAA	VVVVxx
+5542	7300	0	2	2	2	42	542	1542	542	5542	84	85	EFAAAA	UUKAAA	AAAAxx
+5658	7301	0	2	8	18	58	658	1658	658	5658	116	117	QJAAAA	VUKAAA	HHHHxx
+9824	7302	0	0	4	4	24	824	1824	4824	9824	48	49	WNAAAA	WUKAAA	OOOOxx
+19	7303	1	3	9	19	19	19	19	19	19	38	39	TAAAAA	XUKAAA	VVVVxx
+9344	7304	0	0	4	4	44	344	1344	4344	9344	88	89	KVAAAA	YUKAAA	AAAAxx
+5900	7305	0	0	0	0	0	900	1900	900	5900	0	1	YSAAAA	ZUKAAA	HHHHxx
+7818	7306	0	2	8	18	18	818	1818	2818	7818	36	37	SOAAAA	AVKAAA	OOOOxx
+8377	7307	1	1	7	17	77	377	377	3377	8377	154	155	FKAAAA	BVKAAA	VVVVxx
+6886	7308	0	2	6	6	86	886	886	1886	6886	172	173	WEAAAA	CVKAAA	AAAAxx
+3201	7309	1	1	1	1	1	201	1201	3201	3201	2	3	DTAAAA	DVKAAA	HHHHxx
+87	7310	1	3	7	7	87	87	87	87	87	174	175	JDAAAA	EVKAAA	OOOOxx
+1089	7311	1	1	9	9	89	89	1089	1089	1089	178	179	XPAAAA	FVKAAA	VVVVxx
+3948	7312	0	0	8	8	48	948	1948	3948	3948	96	97	WVAAAA	GVKAAA	AAAAxx
+6383	7313	1	3	3	3	83	383	383	1383	6383	166	167	NLAAAA	HVKAAA	HHHHxx
+837	7314	1	1	7	17	37	837	837	837	837	74	75	FGAAAA	IVKAAA	OOOOxx
+6285	7315	1	1	5	5	85	285	285	1285	6285	170	171	THAAAA	JVKAAA	VVVVxx
+78	7316	0	2	8	18	78	78	78	78	78	156	157	ADAAAA	KVKAAA	AAAAxx
+4389	7317	1	1	9	9	89	389	389	4389	4389	178	179	VMAAAA	LVKAAA	HHHHxx
+4795	7318	1	3	5	15	95	795	795	4795	4795	190	191	LCAAAA	MVKAAA	OOOOxx
+9369	7319	1	1	9	9	69	369	1369	4369	9369	138	139	JWAAAA	NVKAAA	VVVVxx
+69	7320	1	1	9	9	69	69	69	69	69	138	139	RCAAAA	OVKAAA	AAAAxx
+7689	7321	1	1	9	9	89	689	1689	2689	7689	178	179	TJAAAA	PVKAAA	HHHHxx
+5642	7322	0	2	2	2	42	642	1642	642	5642	84	85	AJAAAA	QVKAAA	OOOOxx
+2348	7323	0	0	8	8	48	348	348	2348	2348	96	97	IMAAAA	RVKAAA	VVVVxx
+9308	7324	0	0	8	8	8	308	1308	4308	9308	16	17	AUAAAA	SVKAAA	AAAAxx
+9093	7325	1	1	3	13	93	93	1093	4093	9093	186	187	TLAAAA	TVKAAA	HHHHxx
+1199	7326	1	3	9	19	99	199	1199	1199	1199	198	199	DUAAAA	UVKAAA	OOOOxx
+307	7327	1	3	7	7	7	307	307	307	307	14	15	VLAAAA	VVKAAA	VVVVxx
+3814	7328	0	2	4	14	14	814	1814	3814	3814	28	29	SQAAAA	WVKAAA	AAAAxx
+8817	7329	1	1	7	17	17	817	817	3817	8817	34	35	DBAAAA	XVKAAA	HHHHxx
+2329	7330	1	1	9	9	29	329	329	2329	2329	58	59	PLAAAA	YVKAAA	OOOOxx
+2932	7331	0	0	2	12	32	932	932	2932	2932	64	65	UIAAAA	ZVKAAA	VVVVxx
+1986	7332	0	2	6	6	86	986	1986	1986	1986	172	173	KYAAAA	AWKAAA	AAAAxx
+5279	7333	1	3	9	19	79	279	1279	279	5279	158	159	BVAAAA	BWKAAA	HHHHxx
+5357	7334	1	1	7	17	57	357	1357	357	5357	114	115	BYAAAA	CWKAAA	OOOOxx
+6778	7335	0	2	8	18	78	778	778	1778	6778	156	157	SAAAAA	DWKAAA	VVVVxx
+2773	7336	1	1	3	13	73	773	773	2773	2773	146	147	RCAAAA	EWKAAA	AAAAxx
+244	7337	0	0	4	4	44	244	244	244	244	88	89	KJAAAA	FWKAAA	HHHHxx
+6900	7338	0	0	0	0	0	900	900	1900	6900	0	1	KFAAAA	GWKAAA	OOOOxx
+4739	7339	1	3	9	19	39	739	739	4739	4739	78	79	HAAAAA	HWKAAA	VVVVxx
+3217	7340	1	1	7	17	17	217	1217	3217	3217	34	35	TTAAAA	IWKAAA	AAAAxx
+7563	7341	1	3	3	3	63	563	1563	2563	7563	126	127	XEAAAA	JWKAAA	HHHHxx
+1807	7342	1	3	7	7	7	807	1807	1807	1807	14	15	NRAAAA	KWKAAA	OOOOxx
+4199	7343	1	3	9	19	99	199	199	4199	4199	198	199	NFAAAA	LWKAAA	VVVVxx
+1077	7344	1	1	7	17	77	77	1077	1077	1077	154	155	LPAAAA	MWKAAA	AAAAxx
+8348	7345	0	0	8	8	48	348	348	3348	8348	96	97	CJAAAA	NWKAAA	HHHHxx
+841	7346	1	1	1	1	41	841	841	841	841	82	83	JGAAAA	OWKAAA	OOOOxx
+8154	7347	0	2	4	14	54	154	154	3154	8154	108	109	QBAAAA	PWKAAA	VVVVxx
+5261	7348	1	1	1	1	61	261	1261	261	5261	122	123	JUAAAA	QWKAAA	AAAAxx
+1950	7349	0	2	0	10	50	950	1950	1950	1950	100	101	AXAAAA	RWKAAA	HHHHxx
+8472	7350	0	0	2	12	72	472	472	3472	8472	144	145	WNAAAA	SWKAAA	OOOOxx
+8745	7351	1	1	5	5	45	745	745	3745	8745	90	91	JYAAAA	TWKAAA	VVVVxx
+8715	7352	1	3	5	15	15	715	715	3715	8715	30	31	FXAAAA	UWKAAA	AAAAxx
+9708	7353	0	0	8	8	8	708	1708	4708	9708	16	17	KJAAAA	VWKAAA	HHHHxx
+5860	7354	0	0	0	0	60	860	1860	860	5860	120	121	KRAAAA	WWKAAA	OOOOxx
+9142	7355	0	2	2	2	42	142	1142	4142	9142	84	85	QNAAAA	XWKAAA	VVVVxx
+6582	7356	0	2	2	2	82	582	582	1582	6582	164	165	ETAAAA	YWKAAA	AAAAxx
+1255	7357	1	3	5	15	55	255	1255	1255	1255	110	111	HWAAAA	ZWKAAA	HHHHxx
+6459	7358	1	3	9	19	59	459	459	1459	6459	118	119	LOAAAA	AXKAAA	OOOOxx
+6327	7359	1	3	7	7	27	327	327	1327	6327	54	55	JJAAAA	BXKAAA	VVVVxx
+4692	7360	0	0	2	12	92	692	692	4692	4692	184	185	MYAAAA	CXKAAA	AAAAxx
+3772	7361	0	0	2	12	72	772	1772	3772	3772	144	145	CPAAAA	DXKAAA	HHHHxx
+4203	7362	1	3	3	3	3	203	203	4203	4203	6	7	RFAAAA	EXKAAA	OOOOxx
+2946	7363	0	2	6	6	46	946	946	2946	2946	92	93	IJAAAA	FXKAAA	VVVVxx
+3524	7364	0	0	4	4	24	524	1524	3524	3524	48	49	OFAAAA	GXKAAA	AAAAxx
+8409	7365	1	1	9	9	9	409	409	3409	8409	18	19	LLAAAA	HXKAAA	HHHHxx
+1824	7366	0	0	4	4	24	824	1824	1824	1824	48	49	ESAAAA	IXKAAA	OOOOxx
+4637	7367	1	1	7	17	37	637	637	4637	4637	74	75	JWAAAA	JXKAAA	VVVVxx
+589	7368	1	1	9	9	89	589	589	589	589	178	179	RWAAAA	KXKAAA	AAAAxx
+484	7369	0	0	4	4	84	484	484	484	484	168	169	QSAAAA	LXKAAA	HHHHxx
+8963	7370	1	3	3	3	63	963	963	3963	8963	126	127	TGAAAA	MXKAAA	OOOOxx
+5502	7371	0	2	2	2	2	502	1502	502	5502	4	5	QDAAAA	NXKAAA	VVVVxx
+6982	7372	0	2	2	2	82	982	982	1982	6982	164	165	OIAAAA	OXKAAA	AAAAxx
+8029	7373	1	1	9	9	29	29	29	3029	8029	58	59	VWAAAA	PXKAAA	HHHHxx
+4395	7374	1	3	5	15	95	395	395	4395	4395	190	191	BNAAAA	QXKAAA	OOOOxx
+2595	7375	1	3	5	15	95	595	595	2595	2595	190	191	VVAAAA	RXKAAA	VVVVxx
+2133	7376	1	1	3	13	33	133	133	2133	2133	66	67	BEAAAA	SXKAAA	AAAAxx
+1414	7377	0	2	4	14	14	414	1414	1414	1414	28	29	KCAAAA	TXKAAA	HHHHxx
+8201	7378	1	1	1	1	1	201	201	3201	8201	2	3	LDAAAA	UXKAAA	OOOOxx
+4706	7379	0	2	6	6	6	706	706	4706	4706	12	13	AZAAAA	VXKAAA	VVVVxx
+5310	7380	0	2	0	10	10	310	1310	310	5310	20	21	GWAAAA	WXKAAA	AAAAxx
+7333	7381	1	1	3	13	33	333	1333	2333	7333	66	67	BWAAAA	XXKAAA	HHHHxx
+9420	7382	0	0	0	0	20	420	1420	4420	9420	40	41	IYAAAA	YXKAAA	OOOOxx
+1383	7383	1	3	3	3	83	383	1383	1383	1383	166	167	FBAAAA	ZXKAAA	VVVVxx
+6225	7384	1	1	5	5	25	225	225	1225	6225	50	51	LFAAAA	AYKAAA	AAAAxx
+2064	7385	0	0	4	4	64	64	64	2064	2064	128	129	KBAAAA	BYKAAA	HHHHxx
+6700	7386	0	0	0	0	0	700	700	1700	6700	0	1	SXAAAA	CYKAAA	OOOOxx
+1352	7387	0	0	2	12	52	352	1352	1352	1352	104	105	AAAAAA	DYKAAA	VVVVxx
+4249	7388	1	1	9	9	49	249	249	4249	4249	98	99	LHAAAA	EYKAAA	AAAAxx
+9429	7389	1	1	9	9	29	429	1429	4429	9429	58	59	RYAAAA	FYKAAA	HHHHxx
+8090	7390	0	2	0	10	90	90	90	3090	8090	180	181	EZAAAA	GYKAAA	OOOOxx
+5378	7391	0	2	8	18	78	378	1378	378	5378	156	157	WYAAAA	HYKAAA	VVVVxx
+9085	7392	1	1	5	5	85	85	1085	4085	9085	170	171	LLAAAA	IYKAAA	AAAAxx
+7468	7393	0	0	8	8	68	468	1468	2468	7468	136	137	GBAAAA	JYKAAA	HHHHxx
+9955	7394	1	3	5	15	55	955	1955	4955	9955	110	111	XSAAAA	KYKAAA	OOOOxx
+8692	7395	0	0	2	12	92	692	692	3692	8692	184	185	IWAAAA	LYKAAA	VVVVxx
+1463	7396	1	3	3	3	63	463	1463	1463	1463	126	127	HEAAAA	MYKAAA	AAAAxx
+3577	7397	1	1	7	17	77	577	1577	3577	3577	154	155	PHAAAA	NYKAAA	HHHHxx
+5654	7398	0	2	4	14	54	654	1654	654	5654	108	109	MJAAAA	OYKAAA	OOOOxx
+7955	7399	1	3	5	15	55	955	1955	2955	7955	110	111	ZTAAAA	PYKAAA	VVVVxx
+4843	7400	1	3	3	3	43	843	843	4843	4843	86	87	HEAAAA	QYKAAA	AAAAxx
+1776	7401	0	0	6	16	76	776	1776	1776	1776	152	153	IQAAAA	RYKAAA	HHHHxx
+2223	7402	1	3	3	3	23	223	223	2223	2223	46	47	NHAAAA	SYKAAA	OOOOxx
+8442	7403	0	2	2	2	42	442	442	3442	8442	84	85	SMAAAA	TYKAAA	VVVVxx
+9738	7404	0	2	8	18	38	738	1738	4738	9738	76	77	OKAAAA	UYKAAA	AAAAxx
+4867	7405	1	3	7	7	67	867	867	4867	4867	134	135	FFAAAA	VYKAAA	HHHHxx
+2983	7406	1	3	3	3	83	983	983	2983	2983	166	167	TKAAAA	WYKAAA	OOOOxx
+3300	7407	0	0	0	0	0	300	1300	3300	3300	0	1	YWAAAA	XYKAAA	VVVVxx
+3815	7408	1	3	5	15	15	815	1815	3815	3815	30	31	TQAAAA	YYKAAA	AAAAxx
+1779	7409	1	3	9	19	79	779	1779	1779	1779	158	159	LQAAAA	ZYKAAA	HHHHxx
+1123	7410	1	3	3	3	23	123	1123	1123	1123	46	47	FRAAAA	AZKAAA	OOOOxx
+4824	7411	0	0	4	4	24	824	824	4824	4824	48	49	ODAAAA	BZKAAA	VVVVxx
+5407	7412	1	3	7	7	7	407	1407	407	5407	14	15	ZZAAAA	CZKAAA	AAAAxx
+5123	7413	1	3	3	3	23	123	1123	123	5123	46	47	BPAAAA	DZKAAA	HHHHxx
+2515	7414	1	3	5	15	15	515	515	2515	2515	30	31	TSAAAA	EZKAAA	OOOOxx
+4781	7415	1	1	1	1	81	781	781	4781	4781	162	163	XBAAAA	FZKAAA	VVVVxx
+7831	7416	1	3	1	11	31	831	1831	2831	7831	62	63	FPAAAA	GZKAAA	AAAAxx
+6946	7417	0	2	6	6	46	946	946	1946	6946	92	93	EHAAAA	HZKAAA	HHHHxx
+1215	7418	1	3	5	15	15	215	1215	1215	1215	30	31	TUAAAA	IZKAAA	OOOOxx
+7783	7419	1	3	3	3	83	783	1783	2783	7783	166	167	JNAAAA	JZKAAA	VVVVxx
+4532	7420	0	0	2	12	32	532	532	4532	4532	64	65	ISAAAA	KZKAAA	AAAAxx
+9068	7421	0	0	8	8	68	68	1068	4068	9068	136	137	UKAAAA	LZKAAA	HHHHxx
+7030	7422	0	2	0	10	30	30	1030	2030	7030	60	61	KKAAAA	MZKAAA	OOOOxx
+436	7423	0	0	6	16	36	436	436	436	436	72	73	UQAAAA	NZKAAA	VVVVxx
+6549	7424	1	1	9	9	49	549	549	1549	6549	98	99	XRAAAA	OZKAAA	AAAAxx
+3348	7425	0	0	8	8	48	348	1348	3348	3348	96	97	UYAAAA	PZKAAA	HHHHxx
+6229	7426	1	1	9	9	29	229	229	1229	6229	58	59	PFAAAA	QZKAAA	OOOOxx
+3933	7427	1	1	3	13	33	933	1933	3933	3933	66	67	HVAAAA	RZKAAA	VVVVxx
+1876	7428	0	0	6	16	76	876	1876	1876	1876	152	153	EUAAAA	SZKAAA	AAAAxx
+8920	7429	0	0	0	0	20	920	920	3920	8920	40	41	CFAAAA	TZKAAA	HHHHxx
+7926	7430	0	2	6	6	26	926	1926	2926	7926	52	53	WSAAAA	UZKAAA	OOOOxx
+8805	7431	1	1	5	5	5	805	805	3805	8805	10	11	RAAAAA	VZKAAA	VVVVxx
+6729	7432	1	1	9	9	29	729	729	1729	6729	58	59	VYAAAA	WZKAAA	AAAAxx
+7397	7433	1	1	7	17	97	397	1397	2397	7397	194	195	NYAAAA	XZKAAA	HHHHxx
+9303	7434	1	3	3	3	3	303	1303	4303	9303	6	7	VTAAAA	YZKAAA	OOOOxx
+4255	7435	1	3	5	15	55	255	255	4255	4255	110	111	RHAAAA	ZZKAAA	VVVVxx
+7229	7436	1	1	9	9	29	229	1229	2229	7229	58	59	BSAAAA	AALAAA	AAAAxx
+854	7437	0	2	4	14	54	854	854	854	854	108	109	WGAAAA	BALAAA	HHHHxx
+6723	7438	1	3	3	3	23	723	723	1723	6723	46	47	PYAAAA	CALAAA	OOOOxx
+9597	7439	1	1	7	17	97	597	1597	4597	9597	194	195	DFAAAA	DALAAA	VVVVxx
+6532	7440	0	0	2	12	32	532	532	1532	6532	64	65	GRAAAA	EALAAA	AAAAxx
+2910	7441	0	2	0	10	10	910	910	2910	2910	20	21	YHAAAA	FALAAA	HHHHxx
+6717	7442	1	1	7	17	17	717	717	1717	6717	34	35	JYAAAA	GALAAA	OOOOxx
+1790	7443	0	2	0	10	90	790	1790	1790	1790	180	181	WQAAAA	HALAAA	VVVVxx
+3761	7444	1	1	1	1	61	761	1761	3761	3761	122	123	ROAAAA	IALAAA	AAAAxx
+1565	7445	1	1	5	5	65	565	1565	1565	1565	130	131	FIAAAA	JALAAA	HHHHxx
+6205	7446	1	1	5	5	5	205	205	1205	6205	10	11	REAAAA	KALAAA	OOOOxx
+2726	7447	0	2	6	6	26	726	726	2726	2726	52	53	WAAAAA	LALAAA	VVVVxx
+799	7448	1	3	9	19	99	799	799	799	799	198	199	TEAAAA	MALAAA	AAAAxx
+3540	7449	0	0	0	0	40	540	1540	3540	3540	80	81	EGAAAA	NALAAA	HHHHxx
+5878	7450	0	2	8	18	78	878	1878	878	5878	156	157	CSAAAA	OALAAA	OOOOxx
+2542	7451	0	2	2	2	42	542	542	2542	2542	84	85	UTAAAA	PALAAA	VVVVxx
+4888	7452	0	0	8	8	88	888	888	4888	4888	176	177	AGAAAA	QALAAA	AAAAxx
+5290	7453	0	2	0	10	90	290	1290	290	5290	180	181	MVAAAA	RALAAA	HHHHxx
+7995	7454	1	3	5	15	95	995	1995	2995	7995	190	191	NVAAAA	SALAAA	OOOOxx
+3519	7455	1	3	9	19	19	519	1519	3519	3519	38	39	JFAAAA	TALAAA	VVVVxx
+3571	7456	1	3	1	11	71	571	1571	3571	3571	142	143	JHAAAA	UALAAA	AAAAxx
+7854	7457	0	2	4	14	54	854	1854	2854	7854	108	109	CQAAAA	VALAAA	HHHHxx
+5184	7458	0	0	4	4	84	184	1184	184	5184	168	169	KRAAAA	WALAAA	OOOOxx
+3498	7459	0	2	8	18	98	498	1498	3498	3498	196	197	OEAAAA	XALAAA	VVVVxx
+1264	7460	0	0	4	4	64	264	1264	1264	1264	128	129	QWAAAA	YALAAA	AAAAxx
+3159	7461	1	3	9	19	59	159	1159	3159	3159	118	119	NRAAAA	ZALAAA	HHHHxx
+5480	7462	0	0	0	0	80	480	1480	480	5480	160	161	UCAAAA	ABLAAA	OOOOxx
+1706	7463	0	2	6	6	6	706	1706	1706	1706	12	13	QNAAAA	BBLAAA	VVVVxx
+4540	7464	0	0	0	0	40	540	540	4540	4540	80	81	QSAAAA	CBLAAA	AAAAxx
+2799	7465	1	3	9	19	99	799	799	2799	2799	198	199	RDAAAA	DBLAAA	HHHHxx
+7389	7466	1	1	9	9	89	389	1389	2389	7389	178	179	FYAAAA	EBLAAA	OOOOxx
+5565	7467	1	1	5	5	65	565	1565	565	5565	130	131	BGAAAA	FBLAAA	VVVVxx
+3896	7468	0	0	6	16	96	896	1896	3896	3896	192	193	WTAAAA	GBLAAA	AAAAxx
+2100	7469	0	0	0	0	0	100	100	2100	2100	0	1	UCAAAA	HBLAAA	HHHHxx
+3507	7470	1	3	7	7	7	507	1507	3507	3507	14	15	XEAAAA	IBLAAA	OOOOxx
+7971	7471	1	3	1	11	71	971	1971	2971	7971	142	143	PUAAAA	JBLAAA	VVVVxx
+2312	7472	0	0	2	12	12	312	312	2312	2312	24	25	YKAAAA	KBLAAA	AAAAxx
+2494	7473	0	2	4	14	94	494	494	2494	2494	188	189	YRAAAA	LBLAAA	HHHHxx
+2474	7474	0	2	4	14	74	474	474	2474	2474	148	149	ERAAAA	MBLAAA	OOOOxx
+3136	7475	0	0	6	16	36	136	1136	3136	3136	72	73	QQAAAA	NBLAAA	VVVVxx
+7242	7476	0	2	2	2	42	242	1242	2242	7242	84	85	OSAAAA	OBLAAA	AAAAxx
+9430	7477	0	2	0	10	30	430	1430	4430	9430	60	61	SYAAAA	PBLAAA	HHHHxx
+1052	7478	0	0	2	12	52	52	1052	1052	1052	104	105	MOAAAA	QBLAAA	OOOOxx
+4172	7479	0	0	2	12	72	172	172	4172	4172	144	145	MEAAAA	RBLAAA	VVVVxx
+970	7480	0	2	0	10	70	970	970	970	970	140	141	ILAAAA	SBLAAA	AAAAxx
+882	7481	0	2	2	2	82	882	882	882	882	164	165	YHAAAA	TBLAAA	HHHHxx
+9799	7482	1	3	9	19	99	799	1799	4799	9799	198	199	XMAAAA	UBLAAA	OOOOxx
+5850	7483	0	2	0	10	50	850	1850	850	5850	100	101	ARAAAA	VBLAAA	VVVVxx
+9473	7484	1	1	3	13	73	473	1473	4473	9473	146	147	JAAAAA	WBLAAA	AAAAxx
+8635	7485	1	3	5	15	35	635	635	3635	8635	70	71	DUAAAA	XBLAAA	HHHHxx
+2349	7486	1	1	9	9	49	349	349	2349	2349	98	99	JMAAAA	YBLAAA	OOOOxx
+2270	7487	0	2	0	10	70	270	270	2270	2270	140	141	IJAAAA	ZBLAAA	VVVVxx
+7887	7488	1	3	7	7	87	887	1887	2887	7887	174	175	JRAAAA	ACLAAA	AAAAxx
+3091	7489	1	3	1	11	91	91	1091	3091	3091	182	183	XOAAAA	BCLAAA	HHHHxx
+3728	7490	0	0	8	8	28	728	1728	3728	3728	56	57	KNAAAA	CCLAAA	OOOOxx
+3658	7491	0	2	8	18	58	658	1658	3658	3658	116	117	SKAAAA	DCLAAA	VVVVxx
+5975	7492	1	3	5	15	75	975	1975	975	5975	150	151	VVAAAA	ECLAAA	AAAAxx
+332	7493	0	0	2	12	32	332	332	332	332	64	65	UMAAAA	FCLAAA	HHHHxx
+7990	7494	0	2	0	10	90	990	1990	2990	7990	180	181	IVAAAA	GCLAAA	OOOOxx
+8688	7495	0	0	8	8	88	688	688	3688	8688	176	177	EWAAAA	HCLAAA	VVVVxx
+9601	7496	1	1	1	1	1	601	1601	4601	9601	2	3	HFAAAA	ICLAAA	AAAAxx
+8401	7497	1	1	1	1	1	401	401	3401	8401	2	3	DLAAAA	JCLAAA	HHHHxx
+8093	7498	1	1	3	13	93	93	93	3093	8093	186	187	HZAAAA	KCLAAA	OOOOxx
+4278	7499	0	2	8	18	78	278	278	4278	4278	156	157	OIAAAA	LCLAAA	VVVVxx
+5467	7500	1	3	7	7	67	467	1467	467	5467	134	135	HCAAAA	MCLAAA	AAAAxx
+3137	7501	1	1	7	17	37	137	1137	3137	3137	74	75	RQAAAA	NCLAAA	HHHHxx
+204	7502	0	0	4	4	4	204	204	204	204	8	9	WHAAAA	OCLAAA	OOOOxx
+8224	7503	0	0	4	4	24	224	224	3224	8224	48	49	IEAAAA	PCLAAA	VVVVxx
+2944	7504	0	0	4	4	44	944	944	2944	2944	88	89	GJAAAA	QCLAAA	AAAAxx
+7593	7505	1	1	3	13	93	593	1593	2593	7593	186	187	BGAAAA	RCLAAA	HHHHxx
+814	7506	0	2	4	14	14	814	814	814	814	28	29	IFAAAA	SCLAAA	OOOOxx
+8047	7507	1	3	7	7	47	47	47	3047	8047	94	95	NXAAAA	TCLAAA	VVVVxx
+7802	7508	0	2	2	2	2	802	1802	2802	7802	4	5	COAAAA	UCLAAA	AAAAxx
+901	7509	1	1	1	1	1	901	901	901	901	2	3	RIAAAA	VCLAAA	HHHHxx
+6168	7510	0	0	8	8	68	168	168	1168	6168	136	137	GDAAAA	WCLAAA	OOOOxx
+2950	7511	0	2	0	10	50	950	950	2950	2950	100	101	MJAAAA	XCLAAA	VVVVxx
+5393	7512	1	1	3	13	93	393	1393	393	5393	186	187	LZAAAA	YCLAAA	AAAAxx
+3585	7513	1	1	5	5	85	585	1585	3585	3585	170	171	XHAAAA	ZCLAAA	HHHHxx
+9392	7514	0	0	2	12	92	392	1392	4392	9392	184	185	GXAAAA	ADLAAA	OOOOxx
+8314	7515	0	2	4	14	14	314	314	3314	8314	28	29	UHAAAA	BDLAAA	VVVVxx
+9972	7516	0	0	2	12	72	972	1972	4972	9972	144	145	OTAAAA	CDLAAA	AAAAxx
+9130	7517	0	2	0	10	30	130	1130	4130	9130	60	61	ENAAAA	DDLAAA	HHHHxx
+975	7518	1	3	5	15	75	975	975	975	975	150	151	NLAAAA	EDLAAA	OOOOxx
+5720	7519	0	0	0	0	20	720	1720	720	5720	40	41	AMAAAA	FDLAAA	VVVVxx
+3769	7520	1	1	9	9	69	769	1769	3769	3769	138	139	ZOAAAA	GDLAAA	AAAAxx
+5303	7521	1	3	3	3	3	303	1303	303	5303	6	7	ZVAAAA	HDLAAA	HHHHxx
+6564	7522	0	0	4	4	64	564	564	1564	6564	128	129	MSAAAA	IDLAAA	OOOOxx
+7855	7523	1	3	5	15	55	855	1855	2855	7855	110	111	DQAAAA	JDLAAA	VVVVxx
+8153	7524	1	1	3	13	53	153	153	3153	8153	106	107	PBAAAA	KDLAAA	AAAAxx
+2292	7525	0	0	2	12	92	292	292	2292	2292	184	185	EKAAAA	LDLAAA	HHHHxx
+3156	7526	0	0	6	16	56	156	1156	3156	3156	112	113	KRAAAA	MDLAAA	OOOOxx
+6580	7527	0	0	0	0	80	580	580	1580	6580	160	161	CTAAAA	NDLAAA	VVVVxx
+5324	7528	0	0	4	4	24	324	1324	324	5324	48	49	UWAAAA	ODLAAA	AAAAxx
+8871	7529	1	3	1	11	71	871	871	3871	8871	142	143	FDAAAA	PDLAAA	HHHHxx
+2543	7530	1	3	3	3	43	543	543	2543	2543	86	87	VTAAAA	QDLAAA	OOOOxx
+7857	7531	1	1	7	17	57	857	1857	2857	7857	114	115	FQAAAA	RDLAAA	VVVVxx
+4084	7532	0	0	4	4	84	84	84	4084	4084	168	169	CBAAAA	SDLAAA	AAAAxx
+9887	7533	1	3	7	7	87	887	1887	4887	9887	174	175	HQAAAA	TDLAAA	HHHHxx
+6940	7534	0	0	0	0	40	940	940	1940	6940	80	81	YGAAAA	UDLAAA	OOOOxx
+3415	7535	1	3	5	15	15	415	1415	3415	3415	30	31	JBAAAA	VDLAAA	VVVVxx
+5012	7536	0	0	2	12	12	12	1012	12	5012	24	25	UKAAAA	WDLAAA	AAAAxx
+3187	7537	1	3	7	7	87	187	1187	3187	3187	174	175	PSAAAA	XDLAAA	HHHHxx
+8556	7538	0	0	6	16	56	556	556	3556	8556	112	113	CRAAAA	YDLAAA	OOOOxx
+7966	7539	0	2	6	6	66	966	1966	2966	7966	132	133	KUAAAA	ZDLAAA	VVVVxx
+7481	7540	1	1	1	1	81	481	1481	2481	7481	162	163	TBAAAA	AELAAA	AAAAxx
+8524	7541	0	0	4	4	24	524	524	3524	8524	48	49	WPAAAA	BELAAA	HHHHxx
+3021	7542	1	1	1	1	21	21	1021	3021	3021	42	43	FMAAAA	CELAAA	OOOOxx
+6045	7543	1	1	5	5	45	45	45	1045	6045	90	91	NYAAAA	DELAAA	VVVVxx
+8022	7544	0	2	2	2	22	22	22	3022	8022	44	45	OWAAAA	EELAAA	AAAAxx
+3626	7545	0	2	6	6	26	626	1626	3626	3626	52	53	MJAAAA	FELAAA	HHHHxx
+1030	7546	0	2	0	10	30	30	1030	1030	1030	60	61	QNAAAA	GELAAA	OOOOxx
+8903	7547	1	3	3	3	3	903	903	3903	8903	6	7	LEAAAA	HELAAA	VVVVxx
+7488	7548	0	0	8	8	88	488	1488	2488	7488	176	177	ACAAAA	IELAAA	AAAAxx
+9293	7549	1	1	3	13	93	293	1293	4293	9293	186	187	LTAAAA	JELAAA	HHHHxx
+4586	7550	0	2	6	6	86	586	586	4586	4586	172	173	KUAAAA	KELAAA	OOOOxx
+9282	7551	0	2	2	2	82	282	1282	4282	9282	164	165	ATAAAA	LELAAA	VVVVxx
+1948	7552	0	0	8	8	48	948	1948	1948	1948	96	97	YWAAAA	MELAAA	AAAAxx
+2534	7553	0	2	4	14	34	534	534	2534	2534	68	69	MTAAAA	NELAAA	HHHHxx
+1150	7554	0	2	0	10	50	150	1150	1150	1150	100	101	GSAAAA	OELAAA	OOOOxx
+4931	7555	1	3	1	11	31	931	931	4931	4931	62	63	RHAAAA	PELAAA	VVVVxx
+2866	7556	0	2	6	6	66	866	866	2866	2866	132	133	GGAAAA	QELAAA	AAAAxx
+6172	7557	0	0	2	12	72	172	172	1172	6172	144	145	KDAAAA	RELAAA	HHHHxx
+4819	7558	1	3	9	19	19	819	819	4819	4819	38	39	JDAAAA	SELAAA	OOOOxx
+569	7559	1	1	9	9	69	569	569	569	569	138	139	XVAAAA	TELAAA	VVVVxx
+1146	7560	0	2	6	6	46	146	1146	1146	1146	92	93	CSAAAA	UELAAA	AAAAxx
+3062	7561	0	2	2	2	62	62	1062	3062	3062	124	125	UNAAAA	VELAAA	HHHHxx
+7690	7562	0	2	0	10	90	690	1690	2690	7690	180	181	UJAAAA	WELAAA	OOOOxx
+8611	7563	1	3	1	11	11	611	611	3611	8611	22	23	FTAAAA	XELAAA	VVVVxx
+1142	7564	0	2	2	2	42	142	1142	1142	1142	84	85	YRAAAA	YELAAA	AAAAxx
+1193	7565	1	1	3	13	93	193	1193	1193	1193	186	187	XTAAAA	ZELAAA	HHHHxx
+2507	7566	1	3	7	7	7	507	507	2507	2507	14	15	LSAAAA	AFLAAA	OOOOxx
+1043	7567	1	3	3	3	43	43	1043	1043	1043	86	87	DOAAAA	BFLAAA	VVVVxx
+7472	7568	0	0	2	12	72	472	1472	2472	7472	144	145	KBAAAA	CFLAAA	AAAAxx
+1817	7569	1	1	7	17	17	817	1817	1817	1817	34	35	XRAAAA	DFLAAA	HHHHxx
+3868	7570	0	0	8	8	68	868	1868	3868	3868	136	137	USAAAA	EFLAAA	OOOOxx
+9031	7571	1	3	1	11	31	31	1031	4031	9031	62	63	JJAAAA	FFLAAA	VVVVxx
+7254	7572	0	2	4	14	54	254	1254	2254	7254	108	109	ATAAAA	GFLAAA	AAAAxx
+5030	7573	0	2	0	10	30	30	1030	30	5030	60	61	MLAAAA	HFLAAA	HHHHxx
+6594	7574	0	2	4	14	94	594	594	1594	6594	188	189	QTAAAA	IFLAAA	OOOOxx
+6862	7575	0	2	2	2	62	862	862	1862	6862	124	125	YDAAAA	JFLAAA	VVVVxx
+1994	7576	0	2	4	14	94	994	1994	1994	1994	188	189	SYAAAA	KFLAAA	AAAAxx
+9017	7577	1	1	7	17	17	17	1017	4017	9017	34	35	VIAAAA	LFLAAA	HHHHxx
+5716	7578	0	0	6	16	16	716	1716	716	5716	32	33	WLAAAA	MFLAAA	OOOOxx
+1900	7579	0	0	0	0	0	900	1900	1900	1900	0	1	CVAAAA	NFLAAA	VVVVxx
+120	7580	0	0	0	0	20	120	120	120	120	40	41	QEAAAA	OFLAAA	AAAAxx
+9003	7581	1	3	3	3	3	3	1003	4003	9003	6	7	HIAAAA	PFLAAA	HHHHxx
+4178	7582	0	2	8	18	78	178	178	4178	4178	156	157	SEAAAA	QFLAAA	OOOOxx
+8777	7583	1	1	7	17	77	777	777	3777	8777	154	155	PZAAAA	RFLAAA	VVVVxx
+3653	7584	1	1	3	13	53	653	1653	3653	3653	106	107	NKAAAA	SFLAAA	AAAAxx
+1137	7585	1	1	7	17	37	137	1137	1137	1137	74	75	TRAAAA	TFLAAA	HHHHxx
+6362	7586	0	2	2	2	62	362	362	1362	6362	124	125	SKAAAA	UFLAAA	OOOOxx
+8537	7587	1	1	7	17	37	537	537	3537	8537	74	75	JQAAAA	VFLAAA	VVVVxx
+1590	7588	0	2	0	10	90	590	1590	1590	1590	180	181	EJAAAA	WFLAAA	AAAAxx
+374	7589	0	2	4	14	74	374	374	374	374	148	149	KOAAAA	XFLAAA	HHHHxx
+2597	7590	1	1	7	17	97	597	597	2597	2597	194	195	XVAAAA	YFLAAA	OOOOxx
+8071	7591	1	3	1	11	71	71	71	3071	8071	142	143	LYAAAA	ZFLAAA	VVVVxx
+9009	7592	1	1	9	9	9	9	1009	4009	9009	18	19	NIAAAA	AGLAAA	AAAAxx
+1978	7593	0	2	8	18	78	978	1978	1978	1978	156	157	CYAAAA	BGLAAA	HHHHxx
+1541	7594	1	1	1	1	41	541	1541	1541	1541	82	83	HHAAAA	CGLAAA	OOOOxx
+4998	7595	0	2	8	18	98	998	998	4998	4998	196	197	GKAAAA	DGLAAA	VVVVxx
+1649	7596	1	1	9	9	49	649	1649	1649	1649	98	99	LLAAAA	EGLAAA	AAAAxx
+5426	7597	0	2	6	6	26	426	1426	426	5426	52	53	SAAAAA	FGLAAA	HHHHxx
+1492	7598	0	0	2	12	92	492	1492	1492	1492	184	185	KFAAAA	GGLAAA	OOOOxx
+9622	7599	0	2	2	2	22	622	1622	4622	9622	44	45	CGAAAA	HGLAAA	VVVVxx
+701	7600	1	1	1	1	1	701	701	701	701	2	3	ZAAAAA	IGLAAA	AAAAxx
+2781	7601	1	1	1	1	81	781	781	2781	2781	162	163	ZCAAAA	JGLAAA	HHHHxx
+3982	7602	0	2	2	2	82	982	1982	3982	3982	164	165	EXAAAA	KGLAAA	OOOOxx
+7259	7603	1	3	9	19	59	259	1259	2259	7259	118	119	FTAAAA	LGLAAA	VVVVxx
+9868	7604	0	0	8	8	68	868	1868	4868	9868	136	137	OPAAAA	MGLAAA	AAAAxx
+564	7605	0	0	4	4	64	564	564	564	564	128	129	SVAAAA	NGLAAA	HHHHxx
+6315	7606	1	3	5	15	15	315	315	1315	6315	30	31	XIAAAA	OGLAAA	OOOOxx
+9092	7607	0	0	2	12	92	92	1092	4092	9092	184	185	SLAAAA	PGLAAA	VVVVxx
+8237	7608	1	1	7	17	37	237	237	3237	8237	74	75	VEAAAA	QGLAAA	AAAAxx
+1513	7609	1	1	3	13	13	513	1513	1513	1513	26	27	FGAAAA	RGLAAA	HHHHxx
+1922	7610	0	2	2	2	22	922	1922	1922	1922	44	45	YVAAAA	SGLAAA	OOOOxx
+5396	7611	0	0	6	16	96	396	1396	396	5396	192	193	OZAAAA	TGLAAA	VVVVxx
+2485	7612	1	1	5	5	85	485	485	2485	2485	170	171	PRAAAA	UGLAAA	AAAAxx
+5774	7613	0	2	4	14	74	774	1774	774	5774	148	149	COAAAA	VGLAAA	HHHHxx
+3983	7614	1	3	3	3	83	983	1983	3983	3983	166	167	FXAAAA	WGLAAA	OOOOxx
+221	7615	1	1	1	1	21	221	221	221	221	42	43	NIAAAA	XGLAAA	VVVVxx
+8662	7616	0	2	2	2	62	662	662	3662	8662	124	125	EVAAAA	YGLAAA	AAAAxx
+2456	7617	0	0	6	16	56	456	456	2456	2456	112	113	MQAAAA	ZGLAAA	HHHHxx
+9736	7618	0	0	6	16	36	736	1736	4736	9736	72	73	MKAAAA	AHLAAA	OOOOxx
+8936	7619	0	0	6	16	36	936	936	3936	8936	72	73	SFAAAA	BHLAAA	VVVVxx
+5395	7620	1	3	5	15	95	395	1395	395	5395	190	191	NZAAAA	CHLAAA	AAAAxx
+9523	7621	1	3	3	3	23	523	1523	4523	9523	46	47	HCAAAA	DHLAAA	HHHHxx
+6980	7622	0	0	0	0	80	980	980	1980	6980	160	161	MIAAAA	EHLAAA	OOOOxx
+2091	7623	1	3	1	11	91	91	91	2091	2091	182	183	LCAAAA	FHLAAA	VVVVxx
+6807	7624	1	3	7	7	7	807	807	1807	6807	14	15	VBAAAA	GHLAAA	AAAAxx
+8818	7625	0	2	8	18	18	818	818	3818	8818	36	37	EBAAAA	HHLAAA	HHHHxx
+5298	7626	0	2	8	18	98	298	1298	298	5298	196	197	UVAAAA	IHLAAA	OOOOxx
+1726	7627	0	2	6	6	26	726	1726	1726	1726	52	53	KOAAAA	JHLAAA	VVVVxx
+3878	7628	0	2	8	18	78	878	1878	3878	3878	156	157	ETAAAA	KHLAAA	AAAAxx
+8700	7629	0	0	0	0	0	700	700	3700	8700	0	1	QWAAAA	LHLAAA	HHHHxx
+5201	7630	1	1	1	1	1	201	1201	201	5201	2	3	BSAAAA	MHLAAA	OOOOxx
+3936	7631	0	0	6	16	36	936	1936	3936	3936	72	73	KVAAAA	NHLAAA	VVVVxx
+776	7632	0	0	6	16	76	776	776	776	776	152	153	WDAAAA	OHLAAA	AAAAxx
+5302	7633	0	2	2	2	2	302	1302	302	5302	4	5	YVAAAA	PHLAAA	HHHHxx
+3595	7634	1	3	5	15	95	595	1595	3595	3595	190	191	HIAAAA	QHLAAA	OOOOxx
+9061	7635	1	1	1	1	61	61	1061	4061	9061	122	123	NKAAAA	RHLAAA	VVVVxx
+6261	7636	1	1	1	1	61	261	261	1261	6261	122	123	VGAAAA	SHLAAA	AAAAxx
+8878	7637	0	2	8	18	78	878	878	3878	8878	156	157	MDAAAA	THLAAA	HHHHxx
+3312	7638	0	0	2	12	12	312	1312	3312	3312	24	25	KXAAAA	UHLAAA	OOOOxx
+9422	7639	0	2	2	2	22	422	1422	4422	9422	44	45	KYAAAA	VHLAAA	VVVVxx
+7321	7640	1	1	1	1	21	321	1321	2321	7321	42	43	PVAAAA	WHLAAA	AAAAxx
+3813	7641	1	1	3	13	13	813	1813	3813	3813	26	27	RQAAAA	XHLAAA	HHHHxx
+5848	7642	0	0	8	8	48	848	1848	848	5848	96	97	YQAAAA	YHLAAA	OOOOxx
+3535	7643	1	3	5	15	35	535	1535	3535	3535	70	71	ZFAAAA	ZHLAAA	VVVVxx
+1040	7644	0	0	0	0	40	40	1040	1040	1040	80	81	AOAAAA	AILAAA	AAAAxx
+8572	7645	0	0	2	12	72	572	572	3572	8572	144	145	SRAAAA	BILAAA	HHHHxx
+5435	7646	1	3	5	15	35	435	1435	435	5435	70	71	BBAAAA	CILAAA	OOOOxx
+8199	7647	1	3	9	19	99	199	199	3199	8199	198	199	JDAAAA	DILAAA	VVVVxx
+8775	7648	1	3	5	15	75	775	775	3775	8775	150	151	NZAAAA	EILAAA	AAAAxx
+7722	7649	0	2	2	2	22	722	1722	2722	7722	44	45	ALAAAA	FILAAA	HHHHxx
+3549	7650	1	1	9	9	49	549	1549	3549	3549	98	99	NGAAAA	GILAAA	OOOOxx
+2578	7651	0	2	8	18	78	578	578	2578	2578	156	157	EVAAAA	HILAAA	VVVVxx
+1695	7652	1	3	5	15	95	695	1695	1695	1695	190	191	FNAAAA	IILAAA	AAAAxx
+1902	7653	0	2	2	2	2	902	1902	1902	1902	4	5	EVAAAA	JILAAA	HHHHxx
+6058	7654	0	2	8	18	58	58	58	1058	6058	116	117	AZAAAA	KILAAA	OOOOxx
+6591	7655	1	3	1	11	91	591	591	1591	6591	182	183	NTAAAA	LILAAA	VVVVxx
+7962	7656	0	2	2	2	62	962	1962	2962	7962	124	125	GUAAAA	MILAAA	AAAAxx
+5612	7657	0	0	2	12	12	612	1612	612	5612	24	25	WHAAAA	NILAAA	HHHHxx
+3341	7658	1	1	1	1	41	341	1341	3341	3341	82	83	NYAAAA	OILAAA	OOOOxx
+5460	7659	0	0	0	0	60	460	1460	460	5460	120	121	ACAAAA	PILAAA	VVVVxx
+2368	7660	0	0	8	8	68	368	368	2368	2368	136	137	CNAAAA	QILAAA	AAAAxx
+8646	7661	0	2	6	6	46	646	646	3646	8646	92	93	OUAAAA	RILAAA	HHHHxx
+4987	7662	1	3	7	7	87	987	987	4987	4987	174	175	VJAAAA	SILAAA	OOOOxx
+9018	7663	0	2	8	18	18	18	1018	4018	9018	36	37	WIAAAA	TILAAA	VVVVxx
+8685	7664	1	1	5	5	85	685	685	3685	8685	170	171	BWAAAA	UILAAA	AAAAxx
+694	7665	0	2	4	14	94	694	694	694	694	188	189	SAAAAA	VILAAA	HHHHxx
+2012	7666	0	0	2	12	12	12	12	2012	2012	24	25	KZAAAA	WILAAA	OOOOxx
+2417	7667	1	1	7	17	17	417	417	2417	2417	34	35	ZOAAAA	XILAAA	VVVVxx
+4022	7668	0	2	2	2	22	22	22	4022	4022	44	45	SYAAAA	YILAAA	AAAAxx
+5935	7669	1	3	5	15	35	935	1935	935	5935	70	71	HUAAAA	ZILAAA	HHHHxx
+1656	7670	0	0	6	16	56	656	1656	1656	1656	112	113	SLAAAA	AJLAAA	OOOOxx
+6195	7671	1	3	5	15	95	195	195	1195	6195	190	191	HEAAAA	BJLAAA	VVVVxx
+3057	7672	1	1	7	17	57	57	1057	3057	3057	114	115	PNAAAA	CJLAAA	AAAAxx
+2852	7673	0	0	2	12	52	852	852	2852	2852	104	105	SFAAAA	DJLAAA	HHHHxx
+4634	7674	0	2	4	14	34	634	634	4634	4634	68	69	GWAAAA	EJLAAA	OOOOxx
+1689	7675	1	1	9	9	89	689	1689	1689	1689	178	179	ZMAAAA	FJLAAA	VVVVxx
+4102	7676	0	2	2	2	2	102	102	4102	4102	4	5	UBAAAA	GJLAAA	AAAAxx
+3287	7677	1	3	7	7	87	287	1287	3287	3287	174	175	LWAAAA	HJLAAA	HHHHxx
+5246	7678	0	2	6	6	46	246	1246	246	5246	92	93	UTAAAA	IJLAAA	OOOOxx
+7450	7679	0	2	0	10	50	450	1450	2450	7450	100	101	OAAAAA	JJLAAA	VVVVxx
+6548	7680	0	0	8	8	48	548	548	1548	6548	96	97	WRAAAA	KJLAAA	AAAAxx
+379	7681	1	3	9	19	79	379	379	379	379	158	159	POAAAA	LJLAAA	HHHHxx
+7435	7682	1	3	5	15	35	435	1435	2435	7435	70	71	ZZAAAA	MJLAAA	OOOOxx
+2041	7683	1	1	1	1	41	41	41	2041	2041	82	83	NAAAAA	NJLAAA	VVVVxx
+8462	7684	0	2	2	2	62	462	462	3462	8462	124	125	MNAAAA	OJLAAA	AAAAxx
+9076	7685	0	0	6	16	76	76	1076	4076	9076	152	153	CLAAAA	PJLAAA	HHHHxx
+761	7686	1	1	1	1	61	761	761	761	761	122	123	HDAAAA	QJLAAA	OOOOxx
+795	7687	1	3	5	15	95	795	795	795	795	190	191	PEAAAA	RJLAAA	VVVVxx
+1671	7688	1	3	1	11	71	671	1671	1671	1671	142	143	HMAAAA	SJLAAA	AAAAxx
+695	7689	1	3	5	15	95	695	695	695	695	190	191	TAAAAA	TJLAAA	HHHHxx
+4981	7690	1	1	1	1	81	981	981	4981	4981	162	163	PJAAAA	UJLAAA	OOOOxx
+1211	7691	1	3	1	11	11	211	1211	1211	1211	22	23	PUAAAA	VJLAAA	VVVVxx
+5914	7692	0	2	4	14	14	914	1914	914	5914	28	29	MTAAAA	WJLAAA	AAAAxx
+9356	7693	0	0	6	16	56	356	1356	4356	9356	112	113	WVAAAA	XJLAAA	HHHHxx
+1500	7694	0	0	0	0	0	500	1500	1500	1500	0	1	SFAAAA	YJLAAA	OOOOxx
+3353	7695	1	1	3	13	53	353	1353	3353	3353	106	107	ZYAAAA	ZJLAAA	VVVVxx
+1060	7696	0	0	0	0	60	60	1060	1060	1060	120	121	UOAAAA	AKLAAA	AAAAxx
+7910	7697	0	2	0	10	10	910	1910	2910	7910	20	21	GSAAAA	BKLAAA	HHHHxx
+1329	7698	1	1	9	9	29	329	1329	1329	1329	58	59	DZAAAA	CKLAAA	OOOOxx
+6011	7699	1	3	1	11	11	11	11	1011	6011	22	23	FXAAAA	DKLAAA	VVVVxx
+7146	7700	0	2	6	6	46	146	1146	2146	7146	92	93	WOAAAA	EKLAAA	AAAAxx
+4602	7701	0	2	2	2	2	602	602	4602	4602	4	5	AVAAAA	FKLAAA	HHHHxx
+6751	7702	1	3	1	11	51	751	751	1751	6751	102	103	RZAAAA	GKLAAA	OOOOxx
+2666	7703	0	2	6	6	66	666	666	2666	2666	132	133	OYAAAA	HKLAAA	VVVVxx
+2785	7704	1	1	5	5	85	785	785	2785	2785	170	171	DDAAAA	IKLAAA	AAAAxx
+5851	7705	1	3	1	11	51	851	1851	851	5851	102	103	BRAAAA	JKLAAA	HHHHxx
+2435	7706	1	3	5	15	35	435	435	2435	2435	70	71	RPAAAA	KKLAAA	OOOOxx
+7429	7707	1	1	9	9	29	429	1429	2429	7429	58	59	TZAAAA	LKLAAA	VVVVxx
+4241	7708	1	1	1	1	41	241	241	4241	4241	82	83	DHAAAA	MKLAAA	AAAAxx
+5691	7709	1	3	1	11	91	691	1691	691	5691	182	183	XKAAAA	NKLAAA	HHHHxx
+7731	7710	1	3	1	11	31	731	1731	2731	7731	62	63	JLAAAA	OKLAAA	OOOOxx
+249	7711	1	1	9	9	49	249	249	249	249	98	99	PJAAAA	PKLAAA	VVVVxx
+1731	7712	1	3	1	11	31	731	1731	1731	1731	62	63	POAAAA	QKLAAA	AAAAxx
+8716	7713	0	0	6	16	16	716	716	3716	8716	32	33	GXAAAA	RKLAAA	HHHHxx
+2670	7714	0	2	0	10	70	670	670	2670	2670	140	141	SYAAAA	SKLAAA	OOOOxx
+4654	7715	0	2	4	14	54	654	654	4654	4654	108	109	AXAAAA	TKLAAA	VVVVxx
+1027	7716	1	3	7	7	27	27	1027	1027	1027	54	55	NNAAAA	UKLAAA	AAAAxx
+1099	7717	1	3	9	19	99	99	1099	1099	1099	198	199	HQAAAA	VKLAAA	HHHHxx
+3617	7718	1	1	7	17	17	617	1617	3617	3617	34	35	DJAAAA	WKLAAA	OOOOxx
+4330	7719	0	2	0	10	30	330	330	4330	4330	60	61	OKAAAA	XKLAAA	VVVVxx
+9750	7720	0	2	0	10	50	750	1750	4750	9750	100	101	ALAAAA	YKLAAA	AAAAxx
+467	7721	1	3	7	7	67	467	467	467	467	134	135	ZRAAAA	ZKLAAA	HHHHxx
+8525	7722	1	1	5	5	25	525	525	3525	8525	50	51	XPAAAA	ALLAAA	OOOOxx
+5990	7723	0	2	0	10	90	990	1990	990	5990	180	181	KWAAAA	BLLAAA	VVVVxx
+4839	7724	1	3	9	19	39	839	839	4839	4839	78	79	DEAAAA	CLLAAA	AAAAxx
+9914	7725	0	2	4	14	14	914	1914	4914	9914	28	29	IRAAAA	DLLAAA	HHHHxx
+7047	7726	1	3	7	7	47	47	1047	2047	7047	94	95	BLAAAA	ELLAAA	OOOOxx
+874	7727	0	2	4	14	74	874	874	874	874	148	149	QHAAAA	FLLAAA	VVVVxx
+6061	7728	1	1	1	1	61	61	61	1061	6061	122	123	DZAAAA	GLLAAA	AAAAxx
+5491	7729	1	3	1	11	91	491	1491	491	5491	182	183	FDAAAA	HLLAAA	HHHHxx
+4344	7730	0	0	4	4	44	344	344	4344	4344	88	89	CLAAAA	ILLAAA	OOOOxx
+1281	7731	1	1	1	1	81	281	1281	1281	1281	162	163	HXAAAA	JLLAAA	VVVVxx
+3597	7732	1	1	7	17	97	597	1597	3597	3597	194	195	JIAAAA	KLLAAA	AAAAxx
+4992	7733	0	0	2	12	92	992	992	4992	4992	184	185	AKAAAA	LLLAAA	HHHHxx
+3849	7734	1	1	9	9	49	849	1849	3849	3849	98	99	BSAAAA	MLLAAA	OOOOxx
+2655	7735	1	3	5	15	55	655	655	2655	2655	110	111	DYAAAA	NLLAAA	VVVVxx
+147	7736	1	3	7	7	47	147	147	147	147	94	95	RFAAAA	OLLAAA	AAAAxx
+9110	7737	0	2	0	10	10	110	1110	4110	9110	20	21	KMAAAA	PLLAAA	HHHHxx
+1637	7738	1	1	7	17	37	637	1637	1637	1637	74	75	ZKAAAA	QLLAAA	OOOOxx
+9826	7739	0	2	6	6	26	826	1826	4826	9826	52	53	YNAAAA	RLLAAA	VVVVxx
+5957	7740	1	1	7	17	57	957	1957	957	5957	114	115	DVAAAA	SLLAAA	AAAAxx
+6932	7741	0	0	2	12	32	932	932	1932	6932	64	65	QGAAAA	TLLAAA	HHHHxx
+9684	7742	0	0	4	4	84	684	1684	4684	9684	168	169	MIAAAA	ULLAAA	OOOOxx
+4653	7743	1	1	3	13	53	653	653	4653	4653	106	107	ZWAAAA	VLLAAA	VVVVxx
+8065	7744	1	1	5	5	65	65	65	3065	8065	130	131	FYAAAA	WLLAAA	AAAAxx
+1202	7745	0	2	2	2	2	202	1202	1202	1202	4	5	GUAAAA	XLLAAA	HHHHxx
+9214	7746	0	2	4	14	14	214	1214	4214	9214	28	29	KQAAAA	YLLAAA	OOOOxx
+196	7747	0	0	6	16	96	196	196	196	196	192	193	OHAAAA	ZLLAAA	VVVVxx
+4486	7748	0	2	6	6	86	486	486	4486	4486	172	173	OQAAAA	AMLAAA	AAAAxx
+2585	7749	1	1	5	5	85	585	585	2585	2585	170	171	LVAAAA	BMLAAA	HHHHxx
+2464	7750	0	0	4	4	64	464	464	2464	2464	128	129	UQAAAA	CMLAAA	OOOOxx
+3467	7751	1	3	7	7	67	467	1467	3467	3467	134	135	JDAAAA	DMLAAA	VVVVxx
+9295	7752	1	3	5	15	95	295	1295	4295	9295	190	191	NTAAAA	EMLAAA	AAAAxx
+517	7753	1	1	7	17	17	517	517	517	517	34	35	XTAAAA	FMLAAA	HHHHxx
+6870	7754	0	2	0	10	70	870	870	1870	6870	140	141	GEAAAA	GMLAAA	OOOOxx
+5732	7755	0	0	2	12	32	732	1732	732	5732	64	65	MMAAAA	HMLAAA	VVVVxx
+9376	7756	0	0	6	16	76	376	1376	4376	9376	152	153	QWAAAA	IMLAAA	AAAAxx
+838	7757	0	2	8	18	38	838	838	838	838	76	77	GGAAAA	JMLAAA	HHHHxx
+9254	7758	0	2	4	14	54	254	1254	4254	9254	108	109	YRAAAA	KMLAAA	OOOOxx
+8879	7759	1	3	9	19	79	879	879	3879	8879	158	159	NDAAAA	LMLAAA	VVVVxx
+6281	7760	1	1	1	1	81	281	281	1281	6281	162	163	PHAAAA	MMLAAA	AAAAxx
+8216	7761	0	0	6	16	16	216	216	3216	8216	32	33	AEAAAA	NMLAAA	HHHHxx
+9213	7762	1	1	3	13	13	213	1213	4213	9213	26	27	JQAAAA	OMLAAA	OOOOxx
+7234	7763	0	2	4	14	34	234	1234	2234	7234	68	69	GSAAAA	PMLAAA	VVVVxx
+5692	7764	0	0	2	12	92	692	1692	692	5692	184	185	YKAAAA	QMLAAA	AAAAxx
+693	7765	1	1	3	13	93	693	693	693	693	186	187	RAAAAA	RMLAAA	HHHHxx
+9050	7766	0	2	0	10	50	50	1050	4050	9050	100	101	CKAAAA	SMLAAA	OOOOxx
+3623	7767	1	3	3	3	23	623	1623	3623	3623	46	47	JJAAAA	TMLAAA	VVVVxx
+2130	7768	0	2	0	10	30	130	130	2130	2130	60	61	YDAAAA	UMLAAA	AAAAxx
+2514	7769	0	2	4	14	14	514	514	2514	2514	28	29	SSAAAA	VMLAAA	HHHHxx
+1812	7770	0	0	2	12	12	812	1812	1812	1812	24	25	SRAAAA	WMLAAA	OOOOxx
+9037	7771	1	1	7	17	37	37	1037	4037	9037	74	75	PJAAAA	XMLAAA	VVVVxx
+5054	7772	0	2	4	14	54	54	1054	54	5054	108	109	KMAAAA	YMLAAA	AAAAxx
+7801	7773	1	1	1	1	1	801	1801	2801	7801	2	3	BOAAAA	ZMLAAA	HHHHxx
+7939	7774	1	3	9	19	39	939	1939	2939	7939	78	79	JTAAAA	ANLAAA	OOOOxx
+7374	7775	0	2	4	14	74	374	1374	2374	7374	148	149	QXAAAA	BNLAAA	VVVVxx
+1058	7776	0	2	8	18	58	58	1058	1058	1058	116	117	SOAAAA	CNLAAA	AAAAxx
+1972	7777	0	0	2	12	72	972	1972	1972	1972	144	145	WXAAAA	DNLAAA	HHHHxx
+3741	7778	1	1	1	1	41	741	1741	3741	3741	82	83	XNAAAA	ENLAAA	OOOOxx
+2227	7779	1	3	7	7	27	227	227	2227	2227	54	55	RHAAAA	FNLAAA	VVVVxx
+304	7780	0	0	4	4	4	304	304	304	304	8	9	SLAAAA	GNLAAA	AAAAxx
+4914	7781	0	2	4	14	14	914	914	4914	4914	28	29	AHAAAA	HNLAAA	HHHHxx
+2428	7782	0	0	8	8	28	428	428	2428	2428	56	57	KPAAAA	INLAAA	OOOOxx
+6660	7783	0	0	0	0	60	660	660	1660	6660	120	121	EWAAAA	JNLAAA	VVVVxx
+2676	7784	0	0	6	16	76	676	676	2676	2676	152	153	YYAAAA	KNLAAA	AAAAxx
+2454	7785	0	2	4	14	54	454	454	2454	2454	108	109	KQAAAA	LNLAAA	HHHHxx
+3798	7786	0	2	8	18	98	798	1798	3798	3798	196	197	CQAAAA	MNLAAA	OOOOxx
+1341	7787	1	1	1	1	41	341	1341	1341	1341	82	83	PZAAAA	NNLAAA	VVVVxx
+1611	7788	1	3	1	11	11	611	1611	1611	1611	22	23	ZJAAAA	ONLAAA	AAAAxx
+2681	7789	1	1	1	1	81	681	681	2681	2681	162	163	DZAAAA	PNLAAA	HHHHxx
+7292	7790	0	0	2	12	92	292	1292	2292	7292	184	185	MUAAAA	QNLAAA	OOOOxx
+7775	7791	1	3	5	15	75	775	1775	2775	7775	150	151	BNAAAA	RNLAAA	VVVVxx
+794	7792	0	2	4	14	94	794	794	794	794	188	189	OEAAAA	SNLAAA	AAAAxx
+8709	7793	1	1	9	9	9	709	709	3709	8709	18	19	ZWAAAA	TNLAAA	HHHHxx
+1901	7794	1	1	1	1	1	901	1901	1901	1901	2	3	DVAAAA	UNLAAA	OOOOxx
+3089	7795	1	1	9	9	89	89	1089	3089	3089	178	179	VOAAAA	VNLAAA	VVVVxx
+7797	7796	1	1	7	17	97	797	1797	2797	7797	194	195	XNAAAA	WNLAAA	AAAAxx
+6070	7797	0	2	0	10	70	70	70	1070	6070	140	141	MZAAAA	XNLAAA	HHHHxx
+2191	7798	1	3	1	11	91	191	191	2191	2191	182	183	HGAAAA	YNLAAA	OOOOxx
+3497	7799	1	1	7	17	97	497	1497	3497	3497	194	195	NEAAAA	ZNLAAA	VVVVxx
+8302	7800	0	2	2	2	2	302	302	3302	8302	4	5	IHAAAA	AOLAAA	AAAAxx
+4365	7801	1	1	5	5	65	365	365	4365	4365	130	131	XLAAAA	BOLAAA	HHHHxx
+3588	7802	0	0	8	8	88	588	1588	3588	3588	176	177	AIAAAA	COLAAA	OOOOxx
+8292	7803	0	0	2	12	92	292	292	3292	8292	184	185	YGAAAA	DOLAAA	VVVVxx
+4696	7804	0	0	6	16	96	696	696	4696	4696	192	193	QYAAAA	EOLAAA	AAAAxx
+5641	7805	1	1	1	1	41	641	1641	641	5641	82	83	ZIAAAA	FOLAAA	HHHHxx
+9386	7806	0	2	6	6	86	386	1386	4386	9386	172	173	AXAAAA	GOLAAA	OOOOxx
+507	7807	1	3	7	7	7	507	507	507	507	14	15	NTAAAA	HOLAAA	VVVVxx
+7201	7808	1	1	1	1	1	201	1201	2201	7201	2	3	ZQAAAA	IOLAAA	AAAAxx
+7785	7809	1	1	5	5	85	785	1785	2785	7785	170	171	LNAAAA	JOLAAA	HHHHxx
+463	7810	1	3	3	3	63	463	463	463	463	126	127	VRAAAA	KOLAAA	OOOOxx
+6656	7811	0	0	6	16	56	656	656	1656	6656	112	113	AWAAAA	LOLAAA	VVVVxx
+807	7812	1	3	7	7	7	807	807	807	807	14	15	BFAAAA	MOLAAA	AAAAxx
+7278	7813	0	2	8	18	78	278	1278	2278	7278	156	157	YTAAAA	NOLAAA	HHHHxx
+6237	7814	1	1	7	17	37	237	237	1237	6237	74	75	XFAAAA	OOLAAA	OOOOxx
+7671	7815	1	3	1	11	71	671	1671	2671	7671	142	143	BJAAAA	POLAAA	VVVVxx
+2235	7816	1	3	5	15	35	235	235	2235	2235	70	71	ZHAAAA	QOLAAA	AAAAxx
+4042	7817	0	2	2	2	42	42	42	4042	4042	84	85	MZAAAA	ROLAAA	HHHHxx
+5273	7818	1	1	3	13	73	273	1273	273	5273	146	147	VUAAAA	SOLAAA	OOOOxx
+7557	7819	1	1	7	17	57	557	1557	2557	7557	114	115	REAAAA	TOLAAA	VVVVxx
+4007	7820	1	3	7	7	7	7	7	4007	4007	14	15	DYAAAA	UOLAAA	AAAAxx
+1428	7821	0	0	8	8	28	428	1428	1428	1428	56	57	YCAAAA	VOLAAA	HHHHxx
+9739	7822	1	3	9	19	39	739	1739	4739	9739	78	79	PKAAAA	WOLAAA	OOOOxx
+7836	7823	0	0	6	16	36	836	1836	2836	7836	72	73	KPAAAA	XOLAAA	VVVVxx
+1777	7824	1	1	7	17	77	777	1777	1777	1777	154	155	JQAAAA	YOLAAA	AAAAxx
+5192	7825	0	0	2	12	92	192	1192	192	5192	184	185	SRAAAA	ZOLAAA	HHHHxx
+7236	7826	0	0	6	16	36	236	1236	2236	7236	72	73	ISAAAA	APLAAA	OOOOxx
+1623	7827	1	3	3	3	23	623	1623	1623	1623	46	47	LKAAAA	BPLAAA	VVVVxx
+8288	7828	0	0	8	8	88	288	288	3288	8288	176	177	UGAAAA	CPLAAA	AAAAxx
+2827	7829	1	3	7	7	27	827	827	2827	2827	54	55	TEAAAA	DPLAAA	HHHHxx
+458	7830	0	2	8	18	58	458	458	458	458	116	117	QRAAAA	EPLAAA	OOOOxx
+1818	7831	0	2	8	18	18	818	1818	1818	1818	36	37	YRAAAA	FPLAAA	VVVVxx
+6837	7832	1	1	7	17	37	837	837	1837	6837	74	75	ZCAAAA	GPLAAA	AAAAxx
+7825	7833	1	1	5	5	25	825	1825	2825	7825	50	51	ZOAAAA	HPLAAA	HHHHxx
+9146	7834	0	2	6	6	46	146	1146	4146	9146	92	93	UNAAAA	IPLAAA	OOOOxx
+8451	7835	1	3	1	11	51	451	451	3451	8451	102	103	BNAAAA	JPLAAA	VVVVxx
+6438	7836	0	2	8	18	38	438	438	1438	6438	76	77	QNAAAA	KPLAAA	AAAAxx
+4020	7837	0	0	0	0	20	20	20	4020	4020	40	41	QYAAAA	LPLAAA	HHHHxx
+4068	7838	0	0	8	8	68	68	68	4068	4068	136	137	MAAAAA	MPLAAA	OOOOxx
+2411	7839	1	3	1	11	11	411	411	2411	2411	22	23	TOAAAA	NPLAAA	VVVVxx
+6222	7840	0	2	2	2	22	222	222	1222	6222	44	45	IFAAAA	OPLAAA	AAAAxx
+3164	7841	0	0	4	4	64	164	1164	3164	3164	128	129	SRAAAA	PPLAAA	HHHHxx
+311	7842	1	3	1	11	11	311	311	311	311	22	23	ZLAAAA	QPLAAA	OOOOxx
+5683	7843	1	3	3	3	83	683	1683	683	5683	166	167	PKAAAA	RPLAAA	VVVVxx
+3993	7844	1	1	3	13	93	993	1993	3993	3993	186	187	PXAAAA	SPLAAA	AAAAxx
+9897	7845	1	1	7	17	97	897	1897	4897	9897	194	195	RQAAAA	TPLAAA	HHHHxx
+6609	7846	1	1	9	9	9	609	609	1609	6609	18	19	FUAAAA	UPLAAA	OOOOxx
+1362	7847	0	2	2	2	62	362	1362	1362	1362	124	125	KAAAAA	VPLAAA	VVVVxx
+3918	7848	0	2	8	18	18	918	1918	3918	3918	36	37	SUAAAA	WPLAAA	AAAAxx
+7376	7849	0	0	6	16	76	376	1376	2376	7376	152	153	SXAAAA	XPLAAA	HHHHxx
+6996	7850	0	0	6	16	96	996	996	1996	6996	192	193	CJAAAA	YPLAAA	OOOOxx
+9567	7851	1	3	7	7	67	567	1567	4567	9567	134	135	ZDAAAA	ZPLAAA	VVVVxx
+7525	7852	1	1	5	5	25	525	1525	2525	7525	50	51	LDAAAA	AQLAAA	AAAAxx
+9069	7853	1	1	9	9	69	69	1069	4069	9069	138	139	VKAAAA	BQLAAA	HHHHxx
+9999	7854	1	3	9	19	99	999	1999	4999	9999	198	199	PUAAAA	CQLAAA	OOOOxx
+9237	7855	1	1	7	17	37	237	1237	4237	9237	74	75	HRAAAA	DQLAAA	VVVVxx
+8441	7856	1	1	1	1	41	441	441	3441	8441	82	83	RMAAAA	EQLAAA	AAAAxx
+6769	7857	1	1	9	9	69	769	769	1769	6769	138	139	JAAAAA	FQLAAA	HHHHxx
+6073	7858	1	1	3	13	73	73	73	1073	6073	146	147	PZAAAA	GQLAAA	OOOOxx
+1091	7859	1	3	1	11	91	91	1091	1091	1091	182	183	ZPAAAA	HQLAAA	VVVVxx
+9886	7860	0	2	6	6	86	886	1886	4886	9886	172	173	GQAAAA	IQLAAA	AAAAxx
+3971	7861	1	3	1	11	71	971	1971	3971	3971	142	143	TWAAAA	JQLAAA	HHHHxx
+4621	7862	1	1	1	1	21	621	621	4621	4621	42	43	TVAAAA	KQLAAA	OOOOxx
+3120	7863	0	0	0	0	20	120	1120	3120	3120	40	41	AQAAAA	LQLAAA	VVVVxx
+9773	7864	1	1	3	13	73	773	1773	4773	9773	146	147	XLAAAA	MQLAAA	AAAAxx
+8712	7865	0	0	2	12	12	712	712	3712	8712	24	25	CXAAAA	NQLAAA	HHHHxx
+801	7866	1	1	1	1	1	801	801	801	801	2	3	VEAAAA	OQLAAA	OOOOxx
+9478	7867	0	2	8	18	78	478	1478	4478	9478	156	157	OAAAAA	PQLAAA	VVVVxx
+3466	7868	0	2	6	6	66	466	1466	3466	3466	132	133	IDAAAA	QQLAAA	AAAAxx
+6326	7869	0	2	6	6	26	326	326	1326	6326	52	53	IJAAAA	RQLAAA	HHHHxx
+1723	7870	1	3	3	3	23	723	1723	1723	1723	46	47	HOAAAA	SQLAAA	OOOOxx
+4978	7871	0	2	8	18	78	978	978	4978	4978	156	157	MJAAAA	TQLAAA	VVVVxx
+2311	7872	1	3	1	11	11	311	311	2311	2311	22	23	XKAAAA	UQLAAA	AAAAxx
+9532	7873	0	0	2	12	32	532	1532	4532	9532	64	65	QCAAAA	VQLAAA	HHHHxx
+3680	7874	0	0	0	0	80	680	1680	3680	3680	160	161	OLAAAA	WQLAAA	OOOOxx
+1244	7875	0	0	4	4	44	244	1244	1244	1244	88	89	WVAAAA	XQLAAA	VVVVxx
+3821	7876	1	1	1	1	21	821	1821	3821	3821	42	43	ZQAAAA	YQLAAA	AAAAxx
+9586	7877	0	2	6	6	86	586	1586	4586	9586	172	173	SEAAAA	ZQLAAA	HHHHxx
+3894	7878	0	2	4	14	94	894	1894	3894	3894	188	189	UTAAAA	ARLAAA	OOOOxx
+6169	7879	1	1	9	9	69	169	169	1169	6169	138	139	HDAAAA	BRLAAA	VVVVxx
+5919	7880	1	3	9	19	19	919	1919	919	5919	38	39	RTAAAA	CRLAAA	AAAAxx
+4187	7881	1	3	7	7	87	187	187	4187	4187	174	175	BFAAAA	DRLAAA	HHHHxx
+5477	7882	1	1	7	17	77	477	1477	477	5477	154	155	RCAAAA	ERLAAA	OOOOxx
+2806	7883	0	2	6	6	6	806	806	2806	2806	12	13	YDAAAA	FRLAAA	VVVVxx
+8158	7884	0	2	8	18	58	158	158	3158	8158	116	117	UBAAAA	GRLAAA	AAAAxx
+7130	7885	0	2	0	10	30	130	1130	2130	7130	60	61	GOAAAA	HRLAAA	HHHHxx
+7133	7886	1	1	3	13	33	133	1133	2133	7133	66	67	JOAAAA	IRLAAA	OOOOxx
+6033	7887	1	1	3	13	33	33	33	1033	6033	66	67	BYAAAA	JRLAAA	VVVVxx
+2415	7888	1	3	5	15	15	415	415	2415	2415	30	31	XOAAAA	KRLAAA	AAAAxx
+8091	7889	1	3	1	11	91	91	91	3091	8091	182	183	FZAAAA	LRLAAA	HHHHxx
+8347	7890	1	3	7	7	47	347	347	3347	8347	94	95	BJAAAA	MRLAAA	OOOOxx
+7879	7891	1	3	9	19	79	879	1879	2879	7879	158	159	BRAAAA	NRLAAA	VVVVxx
+9360	7892	0	0	0	0	60	360	1360	4360	9360	120	121	AWAAAA	ORLAAA	AAAAxx
+3369	7893	1	1	9	9	69	369	1369	3369	3369	138	139	PZAAAA	PRLAAA	HHHHxx
+8536	7894	0	0	6	16	36	536	536	3536	8536	72	73	IQAAAA	QRLAAA	OOOOxx
+8628	7895	0	0	8	8	28	628	628	3628	8628	56	57	WTAAAA	RRLAAA	VVVVxx
+1580	7896	0	0	0	0	80	580	1580	1580	1580	160	161	UIAAAA	SRLAAA	AAAAxx
+705	7897	1	1	5	5	5	705	705	705	705	10	11	DBAAAA	TRLAAA	HHHHxx
+4650	7898	0	2	0	10	50	650	650	4650	4650	100	101	WWAAAA	URLAAA	OOOOxx
+9165	7899	1	1	5	5	65	165	1165	4165	9165	130	131	NOAAAA	VRLAAA	VVVVxx
+4820	7900	0	0	0	0	20	820	820	4820	4820	40	41	KDAAAA	WRLAAA	AAAAxx
+3538	7901	0	2	8	18	38	538	1538	3538	3538	76	77	CGAAAA	XRLAAA	HHHHxx
+9947	7902	1	3	7	7	47	947	1947	4947	9947	94	95	PSAAAA	YRLAAA	OOOOxx
+4954	7903	0	2	4	14	54	954	954	4954	4954	108	109	OIAAAA	ZRLAAA	VVVVxx
+1104	7904	0	0	4	4	4	104	1104	1104	1104	8	9	MQAAAA	ASLAAA	AAAAxx
+8455	7905	1	3	5	15	55	455	455	3455	8455	110	111	FNAAAA	BSLAAA	HHHHxx
+8307	7906	1	3	7	7	7	307	307	3307	8307	14	15	NHAAAA	CSLAAA	OOOOxx
+9203	7907	1	3	3	3	3	203	1203	4203	9203	6	7	ZPAAAA	DSLAAA	VVVVxx
+7565	7908	1	1	5	5	65	565	1565	2565	7565	130	131	ZEAAAA	ESLAAA	AAAAxx
+7745	7909	1	1	5	5	45	745	1745	2745	7745	90	91	XLAAAA	FSLAAA	HHHHxx
+1787	7910	1	3	7	7	87	787	1787	1787	1787	174	175	TQAAAA	GSLAAA	OOOOxx
+4861	7911	1	1	1	1	61	861	861	4861	4861	122	123	ZEAAAA	HSLAAA	VVVVxx
+5183	7912	1	3	3	3	83	183	1183	183	5183	166	167	JRAAAA	ISLAAA	AAAAxx
+529	7913	1	1	9	9	29	529	529	529	529	58	59	JUAAAA	JSLAAA	HHHHxx
+2470	7914	0	2	0	10	70	470	470	2470	2470	140	141	ARAAAA	KSLAAA	OOOOxx
+1267	7915	1	3	7	7	67	267	1267	1267	1267	134	135	TWAAAA	LSLAAA	VVVVxx
+2059	7916	1	3	9	19	59	59	59	2059	2059	118	119	FBAAAA	MSLAAA	AAAAxx
+1862	7917	0	2	2	2	62	862	1862	1862	1862	124	125	QTAAAA	NSLAAA	HHHHxx
+7382	7918	0	2	2	2	82	382	1382	2382	7382	164	165	YXAAAA	OSLAAA	OOOOxx
+4796	7919	0	0	6	16	96	796	796	4796	4796	192	193	MCAAAA	PSLAAA	VVVVxx
+2331	7920	1	3	1	11	31	331	331	2331	2331	62	63	RLAAAA	QSLAAA	AAAAxx
+8870	7921	0	2	0	10	70	870	870	3870	8870	140	141	EDAAAA	RSLAAA	HHHHxx
+9581	7922	1	1	1	1	81	581	1581	4581	9581	162	163	NEAAAA	SSLAAA	OOOOxx
+9063	7923	1	3	3	3	63	63	1063	4063	9063	126	127	PKAAAA	TSLAAA	VVVVxx
+2192	7924	0	0	2	12	92	192	192	2192	2192	184	185	IGAAAA	USLAAA	AAAAxx
+6466	7925	0	2	6	6	66	466	466	1466	6466	132	133	SOAAAA	VSLAAA	HHHHxx
+7096	7926	0	0	6	16	96	96	1096	2096	7096	192	193	YMAAAA	WSLAAA	OOOOxx
+6257	7927	1	1	7	17	57	257	257	1257	6257	114	115	RGAAAA	XSLAAA	VVVVxx
+7009	7928	1	1	9	9	9	9	1009	2009	7009	18	19	PJAAAA	YSLAAA	AAAAxx
+8136	7929	0	0	6	16	36	136	136	3136	8136	72	73	YAAAAA	ZSLAAA	HHHHxx
+1854	7930	0	2	4	14	54	854	1854	1854	1854	108	109	ITAAAA	ATLAAA	OOOOxx
+3644	7931	0	0	4	4	44	644	1644	3644	3644	88	89	EKAAAA	BTLAAA	VVVVxx
+4437	7932	1	1	7	17	37	437	437	4437	4437	74	75	ROAAAA	CTLAAA	AAAAxx
+7209	7933	1	1	9	9	9	209	1209	2209	7209	18	19	HRAAAA	DTLAAA	HHHHxx
+1516	7934	0	0	6	16	16	516	1516	1516	1516	32	33	IGAAAA	ETLAAA	OOOOxx
+822	7935	0	2	2	2	22	822	822	822	822	44	45	QFAAAA	FTLAAA	VVVVxx
+1778	7936	0	2	8	18	78	778	1778	1778	1778	156	157	KQAAAA	GTLAAA	AAAAxx
+8161	7937	1	1	1	1	61	161	161	3161	8161	122	123	XBAAAA	HTLAAA	HHHHxx
+6030	7938	0	2	0	10	30	30	30	1030	6030	60	61	YXAAAA	ITLAAA	OOOOxx
+3515	7939	1	3	5	15	15	515	1515	3515	3515	30	31	FFAAAA	JTLAAA	VVVVxx
+1702	7940	0	2	2	2	2	702	1702	1702	1702	4	5	MNAAAA	KTLAAA	AAAAxx
+2671	7941	1	3	1	11	71	671	671	2671	2671	142	143	TYAAAA	LTLAAA	HHHHxx
+7623	7942	1	3	3	3	23	623	1623	2623	7623	46	47	FHAAAA	MTLAAA	OOOOxx
+9828	7943	0	0	8	8	28	828	1828	4828	9828	56	57	AOAAAA	NTLAAA	VVVVxx
+1888	7944	0	0	8	8	88	888	1888	1888	1888	176	177	QUAAAA	OTLAAA	AAAAxx
+4520	7945	0	0	0	0	20	520	520	4520	4520	40	41	WRAAAA	PTLAAA	HHHHxx
+3461	7946	1	1	1	1	61	461	1461	3461	3461	122	123	DDAAAA	QTLAAA	OOOOxx
+1488	7947	0	0	8	8	88	488	1488	1488	1488	176	177	GFAAAA	RTLAAA	VVVVxx
+7753	7948	1	1	3	13	53	753	1753	2753	7753	106	107	FMAAAA	STLAAA	AAAAxx
+5525	7949	1	1	5	5	25	525	1525	525	5525	50	51	NEAAAA	TTLAAA	HHHHxx
+5220	7950	0	0	0	0	20	220	1220	220	5220	40	41	USAAAA	UTLAAA	OOOOxx
+305	7951	1	1	5	5	5	305	305	305	305	10	11	TLAAAA	VTLAAA	VVVVxx
+7883	7952	1	3	3	3	83	883	1883	2883	7883	166	167	FRAAAA	WTLAAA	AAAAxx
+1222	7953	0	2	2	2	22	222	1222	1222	1222	44	45	AVAAAA	XTLAAA	HHHHxx
+8552	7954	0	0	2	12	52	552	552	3552	8552	104	105	YQAAAA	YTLAAA	OOOOxx
+6097	7955	1	1	7	17	97	97	97	1097	6097	194	195	NAAAAA	ZTLAAA	VVVVxx
+2298	7956	0	2	8	18	98	298	298	2298	2298	196	197	KKAAAA	AULAAA	AAAAxx
+956	7957	0	0	6	16	56	956	956	956	956	112	113	UKAAAA	BULAAA	HHHHxx
+9351	7958	1	3	1	11	51	351	1351	4351	9351	102	103	RVAAAA	CULAAA	OOOOxx
+6669	7959	1	1	9	9	69	669	669	1669	6669	138	139	NWAAAA	DULAAA	VVVVxx
+9383	7960	1	3	3	3	83	383	1383	4383	9383	166	167	XWAAAA	EULAAA	AAAAxx
+1607	7961	1	3	7	7	7	607	1607	1607	1607	14	15	VJAAAA	FULAAA	HHHHxx
+812	7962	0	0	2	12	12	812	812	812	812	24	25	GFAAAA	GULAAA	OOOOxx
+2109	7963	1	1	9	9	9	109	109	2109	2109	18	19	DDAAAA	HULAAA	VVVVxx
+207	7964	1	3	7	7	7	207	207	207	207	14	15	ZHAAAA	IULAAA	AAAAxx
+7124	7965	0	0	4	4	24	124	1124	2124	7124	48	49	AOAAAA	JULAAA	HHHHxx
+9333	7966	1	1	3	13	33	333	1333	4333	9333	66	67	ZUAAAA	KULAAA	OOOOxx
+3262	7967	0	2	2	2	62	262	1262	3262	3262	124	125	MVAAAA	LULAAA	VVVVxx
+1070	7968	0	2	0	10	70	70	1070	1070	1070	140	141	EPAAAA	MULAAA	AAAAxx
+7579	7969	1	3	9	19	79	579	1579	2579	7579	158	159	NFAAAA	NULAAA	HHHHxx
+9283	7970	1	3	3	3	83	283	1283	4283	9283	166	167	BTAAAA	OULAAA	OOOOxx
+4917	7971	1	1	7	17	17	917	917	4917	4917	34	35	DHAAAA	PULAAA	VVVVxx
+1328	7972	0	0	8	8	28	328	1328	1328	1328	56	57	CZAAAA	QULAAA	AAAAxx
+3042	7973	0	2	2	2	42	42	1042	3042	3042	84	85	ANAAAA	RULAAA	HHHHxx
+8352	7974	0	0	2	12	52	352	352	3352	8352	104	105	GJAAAA	SULAAA	OOOOxx
+2710	7975	0	2	0	10	10	710	710	2710	2710	20	21	GAAAAA	TULAAA	VVVVxx
+3330	7976	0	2	0	10	30	330	1330	3330	3330	60	61	CYAAAA	UULAAA	AAAAxx
+2822	7977	0	2	2	2	22	822	822	2822	2822	44	45	OEAAAA	VULAAA	HHHHxx
+5627	7978	1	3	7	7	27	627	1627	627	5627	54	55	LIAAAA	WULAAA	OOOOxx
+7848	7979	0	0	8	8	48	848	1848	2848	7848	96	97	WPAAAA	XULAAA	VVVVxx
+7384	7980	0	0	4	4	84	384	1384	2384	7384	168	169	AYAAAA	YULAAA	AAAAxx
+727	7981	1	3	7	7	27	727	727	727	727	54	55	ZBAAAA	ZULAAA	HHHHxx
+9926	7982	0	2	6	6	26	926	1926	4926	9926	52	53	URAAAA	AVLAAA	OOOOxx
+2647	7983	1	3	7	7	47	647	647	2647	2647	94	95	VXAAAA	BVLAAA	VVVVxx
+6416	7984	0	0	6	16	16	416	416	1416	6416	32	33	UMAAAA	CVLAAA	AAAAxx
+8751	7985	1	3	1	11	51	751	751	3751	8751	102	103	PYAAAA	DVLAAA	HHHHxx
+6515	7986	1	3	5	15	15	515	515	1515	6515	30	31	PQAAAA	EVLAAA	OOOOxx
+2472	7987	0	0	2	12	72	472	472	2472	2472	144	145	CRAAAA	FVLAAA	VVVVxx
+7205	7988	1	1	5	5	5	205	1205	2205	7205	10	11	DRAAAA	GVLAAA	AAAAxx
+9654	7989	0	2	4	14	54	654	1654	4654	9654	108	109	IHAAAA	HVLAAA	HHHHxx
+5646	7990	0	2	6	6	46	646	1646	646	5646	92	93	EJAAAA	IVLAAA	OOOOxx
+4217	7991	1	1	7	17	17	217	217	4217	4217	34	35	FGAAAA	JVLAAA	VVVVxx
+4484	7992	0	0	4	4	84	484	484	4484	4484	168	169	MQAAAA	KVLAAA	AAAAxx
+6654	7993	0	2	4	14	54	654	654	1654	6654	108	109	YVAAAA	LVLAAA	HHHHxx
+4876	7994	0	0	6	16	76	876	876	4876	4876	152	153	OFAAAA	MVLAAA	OOOOxx
+9690	7995	0	2	0	10	90	690	1690	4690	9690	180	181	SIAAAA	NVLAAA	VVVVxx
+2453	7996	1	1	3	13	53	453	453	2453	2453	106	107	JQAAAA	OVLAAA	AAAAxx
+829	7997	1	1	9	9	29	829	829	829	829	58	59	XFAAAA	PVLAAA	HHHHxx
+2547	7998	1	3	7	7	47	547	547	2547	2547	94	95	ZTAAAA	QVLAAA	OOOOxx
+9726	7999	0	2	6	6	26	726	1726	4726	9726	52	53	CKAAAA	RVLAAA	VVVVxx
+9267	8000	1	3	7	7	67	267	1267	4267	9267	134	135	LSAAAA	SVLAAA	AAAAxx
+7448	8001	0	0	8	8	48	448	1448	2448	7448	96	97	MAAAAA	TVLAAA	HHHHxx
+610	8002	0	2	0	10	10	610	610	610	610	20	21	MXAAAA	UVLAAA	OOOOxx
+2791	8003	1	3	1	11	91	791	791	2791	2791	182	183	JDAAAA	VVLAAA	VVVVxx
+3651	8004	1	3	1	11	51	651	1651	3651	3651	102	103	LKAAAA	WVLAAA	AAAAxx
+5206	8005	0	2	6	6	6	206	1206	206	5206	12	13	GSAAAA	XVLAAA	HHHHxx
+8774	8006	0	2	4	14	74	774	774	3774	8774	148	149	MZAAAA	YVLAAA	OOOOxx
+4753	8007	1	1	3	13	53	753	753	4753	4753	106	107	VAAAAA	ZVLAAA	VVVVxx
+4755	8008	1	3	5	15	55	755	755	4755	4755	110	111	XAAAAA	AWLAAA	AAAAxx
+686	8009	0	2	6	6	86	686	686	686	686	172	173	KAAAAA	BWLAAA	HHHHxx
+8281	8010	1	1	1	1	81	281	281	3281	8281	162	163	NGAAAA	CWLAAA	OOOOxx
+2058	8011	0	2	8	18	58	58	58	2058	2058	116	117	EBAAAA	DWLAAA	VVVVxx
+8900	8012	0	0	0	0	0	900	900	3900	8900	0	1	IEAAAA	EWLAAA	AAAAxx
+8588	8013	0	0	8	8	88	588	588	3588	8588	176	177	ISAAAA	FWLAAA	HHHHxx
+2904	8014	0	0	4	4	4	904	904	2904	2904	8	9	SHAAAA	GWLAAA	OOOOxx
+8917	8015	1	1	7	17	17	917	917	3917	8917	34	35	ZEAAAA	HWLAAA	VVVVxx
+9026	8016	0	2	6	6	26	26	1026	4026	9026	52	53	EJAAAA	IWLAAA	AAAAxx
+2416	8017	0	0	6	16	16	416	416	2416	2416	32	33	YOAAAA	JWLAAA	HHHHxx
+1053	8018	1	1	3	13	53	53	1053	1053	1053	106	107	NOAAAA	KWLAAA	OOOOxx
+7141	8019	1	1	1	1	41	141	1141	2141	7141	82	83	ROAAAA	LWLAAA	VVVVxx
+9771	8020	1	3	1	11	71	771	1771	4771	9771	142	143	VLAAAA	MWLAAA	AAAAxx
+2774	8021	0	2	4	14	74	774	774	2774	2774	148	149	SCAAAA	NWLAAA	HHHHxx
+3213	8022	1	1	3	13	13	213	1213	3213	3213	26	27	PTAAAA	OWLAAA	OOOOxx
+5694	8023	0	2	4	14	94	694	1694	694	5694	188	189	ALAAAA	PWLAAA	VVVVxx
+6631	8024	1	3	1	11	31	631	631	1631	6631	62	63	BVAAAA	QWLAAA	AAAAxx
+6638	8025	0	2	8	18	38	638	638	1638	6638	76	77	IVAAAA	RWLAAA	HHHHxx
+7407	8026	1	3	7	7	7	407	1407	2407	7407	14	15	XYAAAA	SWLAAA	OOOOxx
+8972	8027	0	0	2	12	72	972	972	3972	8972	144	145	CHAAAA	TWLAAA	VVVVxx
+2202	8028	0	2	2	2	2	202	202	2202	2202	4	5	SGAAAA	UWLAAA	AAAAxx
+6135	8029	1	3	5	15	35	135	135	1135	6135	70	71	ZBAAAA	VWLAAA	HHHHxx
+5043	8030	1	3	3	3	43	43	1043	43	5043	86	87	ZLAAAA	WWLAAA	OOOOxx
+5163	8031	1	3	3	3	63	163	1163	163	5163	126	127	PQAAAA	XWLAAA	VVVVxx
+1191	8032	1	3	1	11	91	191	1191	1191	1191	182	183	VTAAAA	YWLAAA	AAAAxx
+6576	8033	0	0	6	16	76	576	576	1576	6576	152	153	YSAAAA	ZWLAAA	HHHHxx
+3455	8034	1	3	5	15	55	455	1455	3455	3455	110	111	XCAAAA	AXLAAA	OOOOxx
+3688	8035	0	0	8	8	88	688	1688	3688	3688	176	177	WLAAAA	BXLAAA	VVVVxx
+4982	8036	0	2	2	2	82	982	982	4982	4982	164	165	QJAAAA	CXLAAA	AAAAxx
+4180	8037	0	0	0	0	80	180	180	4180	4180	160	161	UEAAAA	DXLAAA	HHHHxx
+4708	8038	0	0	8	8	8	708	708	4708	4708	16	17	CZAAAA	EXLAAA	OOOOxx
+1241	8039	1	1	1	1	41	241	1241	1241	1241	82	83	TVAAAA	FXLAAA	VVVVxx
+4921	8040	1	1	1	1	21	921	921	4921	4921	42	43	HHAAAA	GXLAAA	AAAAxx
+3197	8041	1	1	7	17	97	197	1197	3197	3197	194	195	ZSAAAA	HXLAAA	HHHHxx
+8225	8042	1	1	5	5	25	225	225	3225	8225	50	51	JEAAAA	IXLAAA	OOOOxx
+5913	8043	1	1	3	13	13	913	1913	913	5913	26	27	LTAAAA	JXLAAA	VVVVxx
+6387	8044	1	3	7	7	87	387	387	1387	6387	174	175	RLAAAA	KXLAAA	AAAAxx
+2706	8045	0	2	6	6	6	706	706	2706	2706	12	13	CAAAAA	LXLAAA	HHHHxx
+1461	8046	1	1	1	1	61	461	1461	1461	1461	122	123	FEAAAA	MXLAAA	OOOOxx
+7646	8047	0	2	6	6	46	646	1646	2646	7646	92	93	CIAAAA	NXLAAA	VVVVxx
+8066	8048	0	2	6	6	66	66	66	3066	8066	132	133	GYAAAA	OXLAAA	AAAAxx
+4171	8049	1	3	1	11	71	171	171	4171	4171	142	143	LEAAAA	PXLAAA	HHHHxx
+8008	8050	0	0	8	8	8	8	8	3008	8008	16	17	AWAAAA	QXLAAA	OOOOxx
+2088	8051	0	0	8	8	88	88	88	2088	2088	176	177	ICAAAA	RXLAAA	VVVVxx
+7907	8052	1	3	7	7	7	907	1907	2907	7907	14	15	DSAAAA	SXLAAA	AAAAxx
+2429	8053	1	1	9	9	29	429	429	2429	2429	58	59	LPAAAA	TXLAAA	HHHHxx
+9629	8054	1	1	9	9	29	629	1629	4629	9629	58	59	JGAAAA	UXLAAA	OOOOxx
+1470	8055	0	2	0	10	70	470	1470	1470	1470	140	141	OEAAAA	VXLAAA	VVVVxx
+4346	8056	0	2	6	6	46	346	346	4346	4346	92	93	ELAAAA	WXLAAA	AAAAxx
+7219	8057	1	3	9	19	19	219	1219	2219	7219	38	39	RRAAAA	XXLAAA	HHHHxx
+1185	8058	1	1	5	5	85	185	1185	1185	1185	170	171	PTAAAA	YXLAAA	OOOOxx
+8776	8059	0	0	6	16	76	776	776	3776	8776	152	153	OZAAAA	ZXLAAA	VVVVxx
+684	8060	0	0	4	4	84	684	684	684	684	168	169	IAAAAA	AYLAAA	AAAAxx
+2343	8061	1	3	3	3	43	343	343	2343	2343	86	87	DMAAAA	BYLAAA	HHHHxx
+4470	8062	0	2	0	10	70	470	470	4470	4470	140	141	YPAAAA	CYLAAA	OOOOxx
+5116	8063	0	0	6	16	16	116	1116	116	5116	32	33	UOAAAA	DYLAAA	VVVVxx
+1746	8064	0	2	6	6	46	746	1746	1746	1746	92	93	EPAAAA	EYLAAA	AAAAxx
+3216	8065	0	0	6	16	16	216	1216	3216	3216	32	33	STAAAA	FYLAAA	HHHHxx
+4594	8066	0	2	4	14	94	594	594	4594	4594	188	189	SUAAAA	GYLAAA	OOOOxx
+3013	8067	1	1	3	13	13	13	1013	3013	3013	26	27	XLAAAA	HYLAAA	VVVVxx
+2307	8068	1	3	7	7	7	307	307	2307	2307	14	15	TKAAAA	IYLAAA	AAAAxx
+7663	8069	1	3	3	3	63	663	1663	2663	7663	126	127	TIAAAA	JYLAAA	HHHHxx
+8504	8070	0	0	4	4	4	504	504	3504	8504	8	9	CPAAAA	KYLAAA	OOOOxx
+3683	8071	1	3	3	3	83	683	1683	3683	3683	166	167	RLAAAA	LYLAAA	VVVVxx
+144	8072	0	0	4	4	44	144	144	144	144	88	89	OFAAAA	MYLAAA	AAAAxx
+203	8073	1	3	3	3	3	203	203	203	203	6	7	VHAAAA	NYLAAA	HHHHxx
+5255	8074	1	3	5	15	55	255	1255	255	5255	110	111	DUAAAA	OYLAAA	OOOOxx
+4150	8075	0	2	0	10	50	150	150	4150	4150	100	101	QDAAAA	PYLAAA	VVVVxx
+5701	8076	1	1	1	1	1	701	1701	701	5701	2	3	HLAAAA	QYLAAA	AAAAxx
+7400	8077	0	0	0	0	0	400	1400	2400	7400	0	1	QYAAAA	RYLAAA	HHHHxx
+8203	8078	1	3	3	3	3	203	203	3203	8203	6	7	NDAAAA	SYLAAA	OOOOxx
+637	8079	1	1	7	17	37	637	637	637	637	74	75	NYAAAA	TYLAAA	VVVVxx
+2898	8080	0	2	8	18	98	898	898	2898	2898	196	197	MHAAAA	UYLAAA	AAAAxx
+1110	8081	0	2	0	10	10	110	1110	1110	1110	20	21	SQAAAA	VYLAAA	HHHHxx
+6255	8082	1	3	5	15	55	255	255	1255	6255	110	111	PGAAAA	WYLAAA	OOOOxx
+1071	8083	1	3	1	11	71	71	1071	1071	1071	142	143	FPAAAA	XYLAAA	VVVVxx
+541	8084	1	1	1	1	41	541	541	541	541	82	83	VUAAAA	YYLAAA	AAAAxx
+8077	8085	1	1	7	17	77	77	77	3077	8077	154	155	RYAAAA	ZYLAAA	HHHHxx
+6809	8086	1	1	9	9	9	809	809	1809	6809	18	19	XBAAAA	AZLAAA	OOOOxx
+4749	8087	1	1	9	9	49	749	749	4749	4749	98	99	RAAAAA	BZLAAA	VVVVxx
+2886	8088	0	2	6	6	86	886	886	2886	2886	172	173	AHAAAA	CZLAAA	AAAAxx
+5510	8089	0	2	0	10	10	510	1510	510	5510	20	21	YDAAAA	DZLAAA	HHHHxx
+713	8090	1	1	3	13	13	713	713	713	713	26	27	LBAAAA	EZLAAA	OOOOxx
+8388	8091	0	0	8	8	88	388	388	3388	8388	176	177	QKAAAA	FZLAAA	VVVVxx
+9524	8092	0	0	4	4	24	524	1524	4524	9524	48	49	ICAAAA	GZLAAA	AAAAxx
+9949	8093	1	1	9	9	49	949	1949	4949	9949	98	99	RSAAAA	HZLAAA	HHHHxx
+885	8094	1	1	5	5	85	885	885	885	885	170	171	BIAAAA	IZLAAA	OOOOxx
+8699	8095	1	3	9	19	99	699	699	3699	8699	198	199	PWAAAA	JZLAAA	VVVVxx
+2232	8096	0	0	2	12	32	232	232	2232	2232	64	65	WHAAAA	KZLAAA	AAAAxx
+5142	8097	0	2	2	2	42	142	1142	142	5142	84	85	UPAAAA	LZLAAA	HHHHxx
+8891	8098	1	3	1	11	91	891	891	3891	8891	182	183	ZDAAAA	MZLAAA	OOOOxx
+1881	8099	1	1	1	1	81	881	1881	1881	1881	162	163	JUAAAA	NZLAAA	VVVVxx
+3751	8100	1	3	1	11	51	751	1751	3751	3751	102	103	HOAAAA	OZLAAA	AAAAxx
+1896	8101	0	0	6	16	96	896	1896	1896	1896	192	193	YUAAAA	PZLAAA	HHHHxx
+8258	8102	0	2	8	18	58	258	258	3258	8258	116	117	QFAAAA	QZLAAA	OOOOxx
+3820	8103	0	0	0	0	20	820	1820	3820	3820	40	41	YQAAAA	RZLAAA	VVVVxx
+6617	8104	1	1	7	17	17	617	617	1617	6617	34	35	NUAAAA	SZLAAA	AAAAxx
+5100	8105	0	0	0	0	0	100	1100	100	5100	0	1	EOAAAA	TZLAAA	HHHHxx
+4277	8106	1	1	7	17	77	277	277	4277	4277	154	155	NIAAAA	UZLAAA	OOOOxx
+2498	8107	0	2	8	18	98	498	498	2498	2498	196	197	CSAAAA	VZLAAA	VVVVxx
+4343	8108	1	3	3	3	43	343	343	4343	4343	86	87	BLAAAA	WZLAAA	AAAAxx
+8319	8109	1	3	9	19	19	319	319	3319	8319	38	39	ZHAAAA	XZLAAA	HHHHxx
+4803	8110	1	3	3	3	3	803	803	4803	4803	6	7	TCAAAA	YZLAAA	OOOOxx
+3100	8111	0	0	0	0	0	100	1100	3100	3100	0	1	GPAAAA	ZZLAAA	VVVVxx
+428	8112	0	0	8	8	28	428	428	428	428	56	57	MQAAAA	AAMAAA	AAAAxx
+2811	8113	1	3	1	11	11	811	811	2811	2811	22	23	DEAAAA	BAMAAA	HHHHxx
+2989	8114	1	1	9	9	89	989	989	2989	2989	178	179	ZKAAAA	CAMAAA	OOOOxx
+1100	8115	0	0	0	0	0	100	1100	1100	1100	0	1	IQAAAA	DAMAAA	VVVVxx
+6586	8116	0	2	6	6	86	586	586	1586	6586	172	173	ITAAAA	EAMAAA	AAAAxx
+3124	8117	0	0	4	4	24	124	1124	3124	3124	48	49	EQAAAA	FAMAAA	HHHHxx
+1635	8118	1	3	5	15	35	635	1635	1635	1635	70	71	XKAAAA	GAMAAA	OOOOxx
+3888	8119	0	0	8	8	88	888	1888	3888	3888	176	177	OTAAAA	HAMAAA	VVVVxx
+8369	8120	1	1	9	9	69	369	369	3369	8369	138	139	XJAAAA	IAMAAA	AAAAxx
+3148	8121	0	0	8	8	48	148	1148	3148	3148	96	97	CRAAAA	JAMAAA	HHHHxx
+2842	8122	0	2	2	2	42	842	842	2842	2842	84	85	IFAAAA	KAMAAA	OOOOxx
+4965	8123	1	1	5	5	65	965	965	4965	4965	130	131	ZIAAAA	LAMAAA	VVVVxx
+3742	8124	0	2	2	2	42	742	1742	3742	3742	84	85	YNAAAA	MAMAAA	AAAAxx
+5196	8125	0	0	6	16	96	196	1196	196	5196	192	193	WRAAAA	NAMAAA	HHHHxx
+9105	8126	1	1	5	5	5	105	1105	4105	9105	10	11	FMAAAA	OAMAAA	OOOOxx
+6806	8127	0	2	6	6	6	806	806	1806	6806	12	13	UBAAAA	PAMAAA	VVVVxx
+5849	8128	1	1	9	9	49	849	1849	849	5849	98	99	ZQAAAA	QAMAAA	AAAAxx
+6504	8129	0	0	4	4	4	504	504	1504	6504	8	9	EQAAAA	RAMAAA	HHHHxx
+9841	8130	1	1	1	1	41	841	1841	4841	9841	82	83	NOAAAA	SAMAAA	OOOOxx
+457	8131	1	1	7	17	57	457	457	457	457	114	115	PRAAAA	TAMAAA	VVVVxx
+8856	8132	0	0	6	16	56	856	856	3856	8856	112	113	QCAAAA	UAMAAA	AAAAxx
+8043	8133	1	3	3	3	43	43	43	3043	8043	86	87	JXAAAA	VAMAAA	HHHHxx
+5933	8134	1	1	3	13	33	933	1933	933	5933	66	67	FUAAAA	WAMAAA	OOOOxx
+5725	8135	1	1	5	5	25	725	1725	725	5725	50	51	FMAAAA	XAMAAA	VVVVxx
+8607	8136	1	3	7	7	7	607	607	3607	8607	14	15	BTAAAA	YAMAAA	AAAAxx
+9280	8137	0	0	0	0	80	280	1280	4280	9280	160	161	YSAAAA	ZAMAAA	HHHHxx
+6017	8138	1	1	7	17	17	17	17	1017	6017	34	35	LXAAAA	ABMAAA	OOOOxx
+4946	8139	0	2	6	6	46	946	946	4946	4946	92	93	GIAAAA	BBMAAA	VVVVxx
+7373	8140	1	1	3	13	73	373	1373	2373	7373	146	147	PXAAAA	CBMAAA	AAAAxx
+8096	8141	0	0	6	16	96	96	96	3096	8096	192	193	KZAAAA	DBMAAA	HHHHxx
+3178	8142	0	2	8	18	78	178	1178	3178	3178	156	157	GSAAAA	EBMAAA	OOOOxx
+1849	8143	1	1	9	9	49	849	1849	1849	1849	98	99	DTAAAA	FBMAAA	VVVVxx
+8813	8144	1	1	3	13	13	813	813	3813	8813	26	27	ZAAAAA	GBMAAA	AAAAxx
+460	8145	0	0	0	0	60	460	460	460	460	120	121	SRAAAA	HBMAAA	HHHHxx
+7756	8146	0	0	6	16	56	756	1756	2756	7756	112	113	IMAAAA	IBMAAA	OOOOxx
+4425	8147	1	1	5	5	25	425	425	4425	4425	50	51	FOAAAA	JBMAAA	VVVVxx
+1602	8148	0	2	2	2	2	602	1602	1602	1602	4	5	QJAAAA	KBMAAA	AAAAxx
+5981	8149	1	1	1	1	81	981	1981	981	5981	162	163	BWAAAA	LBMAAA	HHHHxx
+8139	8150	1	3	9	19	39	139	139	3139	8139	78	79	BBAAAA	MBMAAA	OOOOxx
+754	8151	0	2	4	14	54	754	754	754	754	108	109	ADAAAA	NBMAAA	VVVVxx
+26	8152	0	2	6	6	26	26	26	26	26	52	53	ABAAAA	OBMAAA	AAAAxx
+106	8153	0	2	6	6	6	106	106	106	106	12	13	CEAAAA	PBMAAA	HHHHxx
+7465	8154	1	1	5	5	65	465	1465	2465	7465	130	131	DBAAAA	QBMAAA	OOOOxx
+1048	8155	0	0	8	8	48	48	1048	1048	1048	96	97	IOAAAA	RBMAAA	VVVVxx
+2303	8156	1	3	3	3	3	303	303	2303	2303	6	7	PKAAAA	SBMAAA	AAAAxx
+5794	8157	0	2	4	14	94	794	1794	794	5794	188	189	WOAAAA	TBMAAA	HHHHxx
+3321	8158	1	1	1	1	21	321	1321	3321	3321	42	43	TXAAAA	UBMAAA	OOOOxx
+6122	8159	0	2	2	2	22	122	122	1122	6122	44	45	MBAAAA	VBMAAA	VVVVxx
+6474	8160	0	2	4	14	74	474	474	1474	6474	148	149	APAAAA	WBMAAA	AAAAxx
+827	8161	1	3	7	7	27	827	827	827	827	54	55	VFAAAA	XBMAAA	HHHHxx
+6616	8162	0	0	6	16	16	616	616	1616	6616	32	33	MUAAAA	YBMAAA	OOOOxx
+2131	8163	1	3	1	11	31	131	131	2131	2131	62	63	ZDAAAA	ZBMAAA	VVVVxx
+5483	8164	1	3	3	3	83	483	1483	483	5483	166	167	XCAAAA	ACMAAA	AAAAxx
+606	8165	0	2	6	6	6	606	606	606	606	12	13	IXAAAA	BCMAAA	HHHHxx
+922	8166	0	2	2	2	22	922	922	922	922	44	45	MJAAAA	CCMAAA	OOOOxx
+8475	8167	1	3	5	15	75	475	475	3475	8475	150	151	ZNAAAA	DCMAAA	VVVVxx
+7645	8168	1	1	5	5	45	645	1645	2645	7645	90	91	BIAAAA	ECMAAA	AAAAxx
+5097	8169	1	1	7	17	97	97	1097	97	5097	194	195	BOAAAA	FCMAAA	HHHHxx
+5377	8170	1	1	7	17	77	377	1377	377	5377	154	155	VYAAAA	GCMAAA	OOOOxx
+6116	8171	0	0	6	16	16	116	116	1116	6116	32	33	GBAAAA	HCMAAA	VVVVxx
+8674	8172	0	2	4	14	74	674	674	3674	8674	148	149	QVAAAA	ICMAAA	AAAAxx
+8063	8173	1	3	3	3	63	63	63	3063	8063	126	127	DYAAAA	JCMAAA	HHHHxx
+5271	8174	1	3	1	11	71	271	1271	271	5271	142	143	TUAAAA	KCMAAA	OOOOxx
+1619	8175	1	3	9	19	19	619	1619	1619	1619	38	39	HKAAAA	LCMAAA	VVVVxx
+6419	8176	1	3	9	19	19	419	419	1419	6419	38	39	XMAAAA	MCMAAA	AAAAxx
+7651	8177	1	3	1	11	51	651	1651	2651	7651	102	103	HIAAAA	NCMAAA	HHHHxx
+2897	8178	1	1	7	17	97	897	897	2897	2897	194	195	LHAAAA	OCMAAA	OOOOxx
+8148	8179	0	0	8	8	48	148	148	3148	8148	96	97	KBAAAA	PCMAAA	VVVVxx
+7461	8180	1	1	1	1	61	461	1461	2461	7461	122	123	ZAAAAA	QCMAAA	AAAAxx
+9186	8181	0	2	6	6	86	186	1186	4186	9186	172	173	IPAAAA	RCMAAA	HHHHxx
+7127	8182	1	3	7	7	27	127	1127	2127	7127	54	55	DOAAAA	SCMAAA	OOOOxx
+8233	8183	1	1	3	13	33	233	233	3233	8233	66	67	REAAAA	TCMAAA	VVVVxx
+9651	8184	1	3	1	11	51	651	1651	4651	9651	102	103	FHAAAA	UCMAAA	AAAAxx
+6746	8185	0	2	6	6	46	746	746	1746	6746	92	93	MZAAAA	VCMAAA	HHHHxx
+7835	8186	1	3	5	15	35	835	1835	2835	7835	70	71	JPAAAA	WCMAAA	OOOOxx
+8815	8187	1	3	5	15	15	815	815	3815	8815	30	31	BBAAAA	XCMAAA	VVVVxx
+6398	8188	0	2	8	18	98	398	398	1398	6398	196	197	CMAAAA	YCMAAA	AAAAxx
+5344	8189	0	0	4	4	44	344	1344	344	5344	88	89	OXAAAA	ZCMAAA	HHHHxx
+8209	8190	1	1	9	9	9	209	209	3209	8209	18	19	TDAAAA	ADMAAA	OOOOxx
+8444	8191	0	0	4	4	44	444	444	3444	8444	88	89	UMAAAA	BDMAAA	VVVVxx
+5669	8192	1	1	9	9	69	669	1669	669	5669	138	139	BKAAAA	CDMAAA	AAAAxx
+2455	8193	1	3	5	15	55	455	455	2455	2455	110	111	LQAAAA	DDMAAA	HHHHxx
+6767	8194	1	3	7	7	67	767	767	1767	6767	134	135	HAAAAA	EDMAAA	OOOOxx
+135	8195	1	3	5	15	35	135	135	135	135	70	71	FFAAAA	FDMAAA	VVVVxx
+3503	8196	1	3	3	3	3	503	1503	3503	3503	6	7	TEAAAA	GDMAAA	AAAAxx
+6102	8197	0	2	2	2	2	102	102	1102	6102	4	5	SAAAAA	HDMAAA	HHHHxx
+7136	8198	0	0	6	16	36	136	1136	2136	7136	72	73	MOAAAA	IDMAAA	OOOOxx
+4933	8199	1	1	3	13	33	933	933	4933	4933	66	67	THAAAA	JDMAAA	VVVVxx
+8804	8200	0	0	4	4	4	804	804	3804	8804	8	9	QAAAAA	KDMAAA	AAAAxx
+3760	8201	0	0	0	0	60	760	1760	3760	3760	120	121	QOAAAA	LDMAAA	HHHHxx
+8603	8202	1	3	3	3	3	603	603	3603	8603	6	7	XSAAAA	MDMAAA	OOOOxx
+7411	8203	1	3	1	11	11	411	1411	2411	7411	22	23	BZAAAA	NDMAAA	VVVVxx
+834	8204	0	2	4	14	34	834	834	834	834	68	69	CGAAAA	ODMAAA	AAAAxx
+7385	8205	1	1	5	5	85	385	1385	2385	7385	170	171	BYAAAA	PDMAAA	HHHHxx
+3696	8206	0	0	6	16	96	696	1696	3696	3696	192	193	EMAAAA	QDMAAA	OOOOxx
+8720	8207	0	0	0	0	20	720	720	3720	8720	40	41	KXAAAA	RDMAAA	VVVVxx
+4539	8208	1	3	9	19	39	539	539	4539	4539	78	79	PSAAAA	SDMAAA	AAAAxx
+9837	8209	1	1	7	17	37	837	1837	4837	9837	74	75	JOAAAA	TDMAAA	HHHHxx
+8595	8210	1	3	5	15	95	595	595	3595	8595	190	191	PSAAAA	UDMAAA	OOOOxx
+3673	8211	1	1	3	13	73	673	1673	3673	3673	146	147	HLAAAA	VDMAAA	VVVVxx
+475	8212	1	3	5	15	75	475	475	475	475	150	151	HSAAAA	WDMAAA	AAAAxx
+2256	8213	0	0	6	16	56	256	256	2256	2256	112	113	UIAAAA	XDMAAA	HHHHxx
+6349	8214	1	1	9	9	49	349	349	1349	6349	98	99	FKAAAA	YDMAAA	OOOOxx
+9968	8215	0	0	8	8	68	968	1968	4968	9968	136	137	KTAAAA	ZDMAAA	VVVVxx
+7261	8216	1	1	1	1	61	261	1261	2261	7261	122	123	HTAAAA	AEMAAA	AAAAxx
+5799	8217	1	3	9	19	99	799	1799	799	5799	198	199	BPAAAA	BEMAAA	HHHHxx
+8159	8218	1	3	9	19	59	159	159	3159	8159	118	119	VBAAAA	CEMAAA	OOOOxx
+92	8219	0	0	2	12	92	92	92	92	92	184	185	ODAAAA	DEMAAA	VVVVxx
+5927	8220	1	3	7	7	27	927	1927	927	5927	54	55	ZTAAAA	EEMAAA	AAAAxx
+7925	8221	1	1	5	5	25	925	1925	2925	7925	50	51	VSAAAA	FEMAAA	HHHHxx
+5836	8222	0	0	6	16	36	836	1836	836	5836	72	73	MQAAAA	GEMAAA	OOOOxx
+7935	8223	1	3	5	15	35	935	1935	2935	7935	70	71	FTAAAA	HEMAAA	VVVVxx
+5505	8224	1	1	5	5	5	505	1505	505	5505	10	11	TDAAAA	IEMAAA	AAAAxx
+5882	8225	0	2	2	2	82	882	1882	882	5882	164	165	GSAAAA	JEMAAA	HHHHxx
+4411	8226	1	3	1	11	11	411	411	4411	4411	22	23	RNAAAA	KEMAAA	OOOOxx
+64	8227	0	0	4	4	64	64	64	64	64	128	129	MCAAAA	LEMAAA	VVVVxx
+2851	8228	1	3	1	11	51	851	851	2851	2851	102	103	RFAAAA	MEMAAA	AAAAxx
+1665	8229	1	1	5	5	65	665	1665	1665	1665	130	131	BMAAAA	NEMAAA	HHHHxx
+2895	8230	1	3	5	15	95	895	895	2895	2895	190	191	JHAAAA	OEMAAA	OOOOxx
+2210	8231	0	2	0	10	10	210	210	2210	2210	20	21	AHAAAA	PEMAAA	VVVVxx
+9873	8232	1	1	3	13	73	873	1873	4873	9873	146	147	TPAAAA	QEMAAA	AAAAxx
+5402	8233	0	2	2	2	2	402	1402	402	5402	4	5	UZAAAA	REMAAA	HHHHxx
+285	8234	1	1	5	5	85	285	285	285	285	170	171	ZKAAAA	SEMAAA	OOOOxx
+8545	8235	1	1	5	5	45	545	545	3545	8545	90	91	RQAAAA	TEMAAA	VVVVxx
+5328	8236	0	0	8	8	28	328	1328	328	5328	56	57	YWAAAA	UEMAAA	AAAAxx
+733	8237	1	1	3	13	33	733	733	733	733	66	67	FCAAAA	VEMAAA	HHHHxx
+7726	8238	0	2	6	6	26	726	1726	2726	7726	52	53	ELAAAA	WEMAAA	OOOOxx
+5418	8239	0	2	8	18	18	418	1418	418	5418	36	37	KAAAAA	XEMAAA	VVVVxx
+7761	8240	1	1	1	1	61	761	1761	2761	7761	122	123	NMAAAA	YEMAAA	AAAAxx
+9263	8241	1	3	3	3	63	263	1263	4263	9263	126	127	HSAAAA	ZEMAAA	HHHHxx
+5579	8242	1	3	9	19	79	579	1579	579	5579	158	159	PGAAAA	AFMAAA	OOOOxx
+5434	8243	0	2	4	14	34	434	1434	434	5434	68	69	ABAAAA	BFMAAA	VVVVxx
+5230	8244	0	2	0	10	30	230	1230	230	5230	60	61	ETAAAA	CFMAAA	AAAAxx
+9981	8245	1	1	1	1	81	981	1981	4981	9981	162	163	XTAAAA	DFMAAA	HHHHxx
+5830	8246	0	2	0	10	30	830	1830	830	5830	60	61	GQAAAA	EFMAAA	OOOOxx
+128	8247	0	0	8	8	28	128	128	128	128	56	57	YEAAAA	FFMAAA	VVVVxx
+2734	8248	0	2	4	14	34	734	734	2734	2734	68	69	EBAAAA	GFMAAA	AAAAxx
+4537	8249	1	1	7	17	37	537	537	4537	4537	74	75	NSAAAA	HFMAAA	HHHHxx
+3899	8250	1	3	9	19	99	899	1899	3899	3899	198	199	ZTAAAA	IFMAAA	OOOOxx
+1000	8251	0	0	0	0	0	0	1000	1000	1000	0	1	MMAAAA	JFMAAA	VVVVxx
+9896	8252	0	0	6	16	96	896	1896	4896	9896	192	193	QQAAAA	KFMAAA	AAAAxx
+3640	8253	0	0	0	0	40	640	1640	3640	3640	80	81	AKAAAA	LFMAAA	HHHHxx
+2568	8254	0	0	8	8	68	568	568	2568	2568	136	137	UUAAAA	MFMAAA	OOOOxx
+2026	8255	0	2	6	6	26	26	26	2026	2026	52	53	YZAAAA	NFMAAA	VVVVxx
+3955	8256	1	3	5	15	55	955	1955	3955	3955	110	111	DWAAAA	OFMAAA	AAAAxx
+7152	8257	0	0	2	12	52	152	1152	2152	7152	104	105	CPAAAA	PFMAAA	HHHHxx
+2402	8258	0	2	2	2	2	402	402	2402	2402	4	5	KOAAAA	QFMAAA	OOOOxx
+9522	8259	0	2	2	2	22	522	1522	4522	9522	44	45	GCAAAA	RFMAAA	VVVVxx
+4011	8260	1	3	1	11	11	11	11	4011	4011	22	23	HYAAAA	SFMAAA	AAAAxx
+3297	8261	1	1	7	17	97	297	1297	3297	3297	194	195	VWAAAA	TFMAAA	HHHHxx
+4915	8262	1	3	5	15	15	915	915	4915	4915	30	31	BHAAAA	UFMAAA	OOOOxx
+5397	8263	1	1	7	17	97	397	1397	397	5397	194	195	PZAAAA	VFMAAA	VVVVxx
+5454	8264	0	2	4	14	54	454	1454	454	5454	108	109	UBAAAA	WFMAAA	AAAAxx
+4568	8265	0	0	8	8	68	568	568	4568	4568	136	137	STAAAA	XFMAAA	HHHHxx
+5875	8266	1	3	5	15	75	875	1875	875	5875	150	151	ZRAAAA	YFMAAA	OOOOxx
+3642	8267	0	2	2	2	42	642	1642	3642	3642	84	85	CKAAAA	ZFMAAA	VVVVxx
+8506	8268	0	2	6	6	6	506	506	3506	8506	12	13	EPAAAA	AGMAAA	AAAAxx
+9621	8269	1	1	1	1	21	621	1621	4621	9621	42	43	BGAAAA	BGMAAA	HHHHxx
+7739	8270	1	3	9	19	39	739	1739	2739	7739	78	79	RLAAAA	CGMAAA	OOOOxx
+3987	8271	1	3	7	7	87	987	1987	3987	3987	174	175	JXAAAA	DGMAAA	VVVVxx
+2090	8272	0	2	0	10	90	90	90	2090	2090	180	181	KCAAAA	EGMAAA	AAAAxx
+3838	8273	0	2	8	18	38	838	1838	3838	3838	76	77	QRAAAA	FGMAAA	HHHHxx
+17	8274	1	1	7	17	17	17	17	17	17	34	35	RAAAAA	GGMAAA	OOOOxx
+3406	8275	0	2	6	6	6	406	1406	3406	3406	12	13	ABAAAA	HGMAAA	VVVVxx
+8312	8276	0	0	2	12	12	312	312	3312	8312	24	25	SHAAAA	IGMAAA	AAAAxx
+4034	8277	0	2	4	14	34	34	34	4034	4034	68	69	EZAAAA	JGMAAA	HHHHxx
+1535	8278	1	3	5	15	35	535	1535	1535	1535	70	71	BHAAAA	KGMAAA	OOOOxx
+7198	8279	0	2	8	18	98	198	1198	2198	7198	196	197	WQAAAA	LGMAAA	VVVVxx
+8885	8280	1	1	5	5	85	885	885	3885	8885	170	171	TDAAAA	MGMAAA	AAAAxx
+4081	8281	1	1	1	1	81	81	81	4081	4081	162	163	ZAAAAA	NGMAAA	HHHHxx
+980	8282	0	0	0	0	80	980	980	980	980	160	161	SLAAAA	OGMAAA	OOOOxx
+551	8283	1	3	1	11	51	551	551	551	551	102	103	FVAAAA	PGMAAA	VVVVxx
+7746	8284	0	2	6	6	46	746	1746	2746	7746	92	93	YLAAAA	QGMAAA	AAAAxx
+4756	8285	0	0	6	16	56	756	756	4756	4756	112	113	YAAAAA	RGMAAA	HHHHxx
+3655	8286	1	3	5	15	55	655	1655	3655	3655	110	111	PKAAAA	SGMAAA	OOOOxx
+7075	8287	1	3	5	15	75	75	1075	2075	7075	150	151	DMAAAA	TGMAAA	VVVVxx
+3950	8288	0	2	0	10	50	950	1950	3950	3950	100	101	YVAAAA	UGMAAA	AAAAxx
+2314	8289	0	2	4	14	14	314	314	2314	2314	28	29	ALAAAA	VGMAAA	HHHHxx
+8432	8290	0	0	2	12	32	432	432	3432	8432	64	65	IMAAAA	WGMAAA	OOOOxx
+62	8291	0	2	2	2	62	62	62	62	62	124	125	KCAAAA	XGMAAA	VVVVxx
+6920	8292	0	0	0	0	20	920	920	1920	6920	40	41	EGAAAA	YGMAAA	AAAAxx
+4077	8293	1	1	7	17	77	77	77	4077	4077	154	155	VAAAAA	ZGMAAA	HHHHxx
+9118	8294	0	2	8	18	18	118	1118	4118	9118	36	37	SMAAAA	AHMAAA	OOOOxx
+5375	8295	1	3	5	15	75	375	1375	375	5375	150	151	TYAAAA	BHMAAA	VVVVxx
+178	8296	0	2	8	18	78	178	178	178	178	156	157	WGAAAA	CHMAAA	AAAAxx
+1079	8297	1	3	9	19	79	79	1079	1079	1079	158	159	NPAAAA	DHMAAA	HHHHxx
+4279	8298	1	3	9	19	79	279	279	4279	4279	158	159	PIAAAA	EHMAAA	OOOOxx
+8436	8299	0	0	6	16	36	436	436	3436	8436	72	73	MMAAAA	FHMAAA	VVVVxx
+1931	8300	1	3	1	11	31	931	1931	1931	1931	62	63	HWAAAA	GHMAAA	AAAAxx
+2096	8301	0	0	6	16	96	96	96	2096	2096	192	193	QCAAAA	HHMAAA	HHHHxx
+1638	8302	0	2	8	18	38	638	1638	1638	1638	76	77	ALAAAA	IHMAAA	OOOOxx
+2788	8303	0	0	8	8	88	788	788	2788	2788	176	177	GDAAAA	JHMAAA	VVVVxx
+4751	8304	1	3	1	11	51	751	751	4751	4751	102	103	TAAAAA	KHMAAA	AAAAxx
+8824	8305	0	0	4	4	24	824	824	3824	8824	48	49	KBAAAA	LHMAAA	HHHHxx
+3098	8306	0	2	8	18	98	98	1098	3098	3098	196	197	EPAAAA	MHMAAA	OOOOxx
+4497	8307	1	1	7	17	97	497	497	4497	4497	194	195	ZQAAAA	NHMAAA	VVVVxx
+5223	8308	1	3	3	3	23	223	1223	223	5223	46	47	XSAAAA	OHMAAA	AAAAxx
+9212	8309	0	0	2	12	12	212	1212	4212	9212	24	25	IQAAAA	PHMAAA	HHHHxx
+4265	8310	1	1	5	5	65	265	265	4265	4265	130	131	BIAAAA	QHMAAA	OOOOxx
+6898	8311	0	2	8	18	98	898	898	1898	6898	196	197	IFAAAA	RHMAAA	VVVVxx
+8808	8312	0	0	8	8	8	808	808	3808	8808	16	17	UAAAAA	SHMAAA	AAAAxx
+5629	8313	1	1	9	9	29	629	1629	629	5629	58	59	NIAAAA	THMAAA	HHHHxx
+3779	8314	1	3	9	19	79	779	1779	3779	3779	158	159	JPAAAA	UHMAAA	OOOOxx
+4972	8315	0	0	2	12	72	972	972	4972	4972	144	145	GJAAAA	VHMAAA	VVVVxx
+4511	8316	1	3	1	11	11	511	511	4511	4511	22	23	NRAAAA	WHMAAA	AAAAxx
+6761	8317	1	1	1	1	61	761	761	1761	6761	122	123	BAAAAA	XHMAAA	HHHHxx
+2335	8318	1	3	5	15	35	335	335	2335	2335	70	71	VLAAAA	YHMAAA	OOOOxx
+732	8319	0	0	2	12	32	732	732	732	732	64	65	ECAAAA	ZHMAAA	VVVVxx
+4757	8320	1	1	7	17	57	757	757	4757	4757	114	115	ZAAAAA	AIMAAA	AAAAxx
+6624	8321	0	0	4	4	24	624	624	1624	6624	48	49	UUAAAA	BIMAAA	HHHHxx
+5869	8322	1	1	9	9	69	869	1869	869	5869	138	139	TRAAAA	CIMAAA	OOOOxx
+5842	8323	0	2	2	2	42	842	1842	842	5842	84	85	SQAAAA	DIMAAA	VVVVxx
+5735	8324	1	3	5	15	35	735	1735	735	5735	70	71	PMAAAA	EIMAAA	AAAAxx
+8276	8325	0	0	6	16	76	276	276	3276	8276	152	153	IGAAAA	FIMAAA	HHHHxx
+7227	8326	1	3	7	7	27	227	1227	2227	7227	54	55	ZRAAAA	GIMAAA	OOOOxx
+4923	8327	1	3	3	3	23	923	923	4923	4923	46	47	JHAAAA	HIMAAA	VVVVxx
+9135	8328	1	3	5	15	35	135	1135	4135	9135	70	71	JNAAAA	IIMAAA	AAAAxx
+5813	8329	1	1	3	13	13	813	1813	813	5813	26	27	PPAAAA	JIMAAA	HHHHxx
+9697	8330	1	1	7	17	97	697	1697	4697	9697	194	195	ZIAAAA	KIMAAA	OOOOxx
+3222	8331	0	2	2	2	22	222	1222	3222	3222	44	45	YTAAAA	LIMAAA	VVVVxx
+2394	8332	0	2	4	14	94	394	394	2394	2394	188	189	COAAAA	MIMAAA	AAAAxx
+5784	8333	0	0	4	4	84	784	1784	784	5784	168	169	MOAAAA	NIMAAA	HHHHxx
+3652	8334	0	0	2	12	52	652	1652	3652	3652	104	105	MKAAAA	OIMAAA	OOOOxx
+8175	8335	1	3	5	15	75	175	175	3175	8175	150	151	LCAAAA	PIMAAA	VVVVxx
+7568	8336	0	0	8	8	68	568	1568	2568	7568	136	137	CFAAAA	QIMAAA	AAAAxx
+6645	8337	1	1	5	5	45	645	645	1645	6645	90	91	PVAAAA	RIMAAA	HHHHxx
+8176	8338	0	0	6	16	76	176	176	3176	8176	152	153	MCAAAA	SIMAAA	OOOOxx
+530	8339	0	2	0	10	30	530	530	530	530	60	61	KUAAAA	TIMAAA	VVVVxx
+5439	8340	1	3	9	19	39	439	1439	439	5439	78	79	FBAAAA	UIMAAA	AAAAxx
+61	8341	1	1	1	1	61	61	61	61	61	122	123	JCAAAA	VIMAAA	HHHHxx
+3951	8342	1	3	1	11	51	951	1951	3951	3951	102	103	ZVAAAA	WIMAAA	OOOOxx
+5283	8343	1	3	3	3	83	283	1283	283	5283	166	167	FVAAAA	XIMAAA	VVVVxx
+7226	8344	0	2	6	6	26	226	1226	2226	7226	52	53	YRAAAA	YIMAAA	AAAAxx
+1954	8345	0	2	4	14	54	954	1954	1954	1954	108	109	EXAAAA	ZIMAAA	HHHHxx
+334	8346	0	2	4	14	34	334	334	334	334	68	69	WMAAAA	AJMAAA	OOOOxx
+3921	8347	1	1	1	1	21	921	1921	3921	3921	42	43	VUAAAA	BJMAAA	VVVVxx
+6276	8348	0	0	6	16	76	276	276	1276	6276	152	153	KHAAAA	CJMAAA	AAAAxx
+3378	8349	0	2	8	18	78	378	1378	3378	3378	156	157	YZAAAA	DJMAAA	HHHHxx
+5236	8350	0	0	6	16	36	236	1236	236	5236	72	73	KTAAAA	EJMAAA	OOOOxx
+7781	8351	1	1	1	1	81	781	1781	2781	7781	162	163	HNAAAA	FJMAAA	VVVVxx
+8601	8352	1	1	1	1	1	601	601	3601	8601	2	3	VSAAAA	GJMAAA	AAAAxx
+1473	8353	1	1	3	13	73	473	1473	1473	1473	146	147	REAAAA	HJMAAA	HHHHxx
+3246	8354	0	2	6	6	46	246	1246	3246	3246	92	93	WUAAAA	IJMAAA	OOOOxx
+3601	8355	1	1	1	1	1	601	1601	3601	3601	2	3	NIAAAA	JJMAAA	VVVVxx
+6861	8356	1	1	1	1	61	861	861	1861	6861	122	123	XDAAAA	KJMAAA	AAAAxx
+9032	8357	0	0	2	12	32	32	1032	4032	9032	64	65	KJAAAA	LJMAAA	HHHHxx
+216	8358	0	0	6	16	16	216	216	216	216	32	33	IIAAAA	MJMAAA	OOOOxx
+3824	8359	0	0	4	4	24	824	1824	3824	3824	48	49	CRAAAA	NJMAAA	VVVVxx
+8486	8360	0	2	6	6	86	486	486	3486	8486	172	173	KOAAAA	OJMAAA	AAAAxx
+276	8361	0	0	6	16	76	276	276	276	276	152	153	QKAAAA	PJMAAA	HHHHxx
+1838	8362	0	2	8	18	38	838	1838	1838	1838	76	77	SSAAAA	QJMAAA	OOOOxx
+6175	8363	1	3	5	15	75	175	175	1175	6175	150	151	NDAAAA	RJMAAA	VVVVxx
+3719	8364	1	3	9	19	19	719	1719	3719	3719	38	39	BNAAAA	SJMAAA	AAAAxx
+6958	8365	0	2	8	18	58	958	958	1958	6958	116	117	QHAAAA	TJMAAA	HHHHxx
+6822	8366	0	2	2	2	22	822	822	1822	6822	44	45	KCAAAA	UJMAAA	OOOOxx
+3318	8367	0	2	8	18	18	318	1318	3318	3318	36	37	QXAAAA	VJMAAA	VVVVxx
+7222	8368	0	2	2	2	22	222	1222	2222	7222	44	45	URAAAA	WJMAAA	AAAAxx
+85	8369	1	1	5	5	85	85	85	85	85	170	171	HDAAAA	XJMAAA	HHHHxx
+5158	8370	0	2	8	18	58	158	1158	158	5158	116	117	KQAAAA	YJMAAA	OOOOxx
+6360	8371	0	0	0	0	60	360	360	1360	6360	120	121	QKAAAA	ZJMAAA	VVVVxx
+2599	8372	1	3	9	19	99	599	599	2599	2599	198	199	ZVAAAA	AKMAAA	AAAAxx
+4002	8373	0	2	2	2	2	2	2	4002	4002	4	5	YXAAAA	BKMAAA	HHHHxx
+6597	8374	1	1	7	17	97	597	597	1597	6597	194	195	TTAAAA	CKMAAA	OOOOxx
+5762	8375	0	2	2	2	62	762	1762	762	5762	124	125	QNAAAA	DKMAAA	VVVVxx
+8383	8376	1	3	3	3	83	383	383	3383	8383	166	167	LKAAAA	EKMAAA	AAAAxx
+4686	8377	0	2	6	6	86	686	686	4686	4686	172	173	GYAAAA	FKMAAA	HHHHxx
+5972	8378	0	0	2	12	72	972	1972	972	5972	144	145	SVAAAA	GKMAAA	OOOOxx
+1432	8379	0	0	2	12	32	432	1432	1432	1432	64	65	CDAAAA	HKMAAA	VVVVxx
+1601	8380	1	1	1	1	1	601	1601	1601	1601	2	3	PJAAAA	IKMAAA	AAAAxx
+3012	8381	0	0	2	12	12	12	1012	3012	3012	24	25	WLAAAA	JKMAAA	HHHHxx
+9345	8382	1	1	5	5	45	345	1345	4345	9345	90	91	LVAAAA	KKMAAA	OOOOxx
+8869	8383	1	1	9	9	69	869	869	3869	8869	138	139	DDAAAA	LKMAAA	VVVVxx
+6612	8384	0	0	2	12	12	612	612	1612	6612	24	25	IUAAAA	MKMAAA	AAAAxx
+262	8385	0	2	2	2	62	262	262	262	262	124	125	CKAAAA	NKMAAA	HHHHxx
+300	8386	0	0	0	0	0	300	300	300	300	0	1	OLAAAA	OKMAAA	OOOOxx
+3045	8387	1	1	5	5	45	45	1045	3045	3045	90	91	DNAAAA	PKMAAA	VVVVxx
+7252	8388	0	0	2	12	52	252	1252	2252	7252	104	105	YSAAAA	QKMAAA	AAAAxx
+9099	8389	1	3	9	19	99	99	1099	4099	9099	198	199	ZLAAAA	RKMAAA	HHHHxx
+9006	8390	0	2	6	6	6	6	1006	4006	9006	12	13	KIAAAA	SKMAAA	OOOOxx
+3078	8391	0	2	8	18	78	78	1078	3078	3078	156	157	KOAAAA	TKMAAA	VVVVxx
+5159	8392	1	3	9	19	59	159	1159	159	5159	118	119	LQAAAA	UKMAAA	AAAAxx
+9329	8393	1	1	9	9	29	329	1329	4329	9329	58	59	VUAAAA	VKMAAA	HHHHxx
+1393	8394	1	1	3	13	93	393	1393	1393	1393	186	187	PBAAAA	WKMAAA	OOOOxx
+5894	8395	0	2	4	14	94	894	1894	894	5894	188	189	SSAAAA	XKMAAA	VVVVxx
+11	8396	1	3	1	11	11	11	11	11	11	22	23	LAAAAA	YKMAAA	AAAAxx
+5606	8397	0	2	6	6	6	606	1606	606	5606	12	13	QHAAAA	ZKMAAA	HHHHxx
+5541	8398	1	1	1	1	41	541	1541	541	5541	82	83	DFAAAA	ALMAAA	OOOOxx
+2689	8399	1	1	9	9	89	689	689	2689	2689	178	179	LZAAAA	BLMAAA	VVVVxx
+1023	8400	1	3	3	3	23	23	1023	1023	1023	46	47	JNAAAA	CLMAAA	AAAAxx
+8134	8401	0	2	4	14	34	134	134	3134	8134	68	69	WAAAAA	DLMAAA	HHHHxx
+5923	8402	1	3	3	3	23	923	1923	923	5923	46	47	VTAAAA	ELMAAA	OOOOxx
+6056	8403	0	0	6	16	56	56	56	1056	6056	112	113	YYAAAA	FLMAAA	VVVVxx
+653	8404	1	1	3	13	53	653	653	653	653	106	107	DZAAAA	GLMAAA	AAAAxx
+367	8405	1	3	7	7	67	367	367	367	367	134	135	DOAAAA	HLMAAA	HHHHxx
+1828	8406	0	0	8	8	28	828	1828	1828	1828	56	57	ISAAAA	ILMAAA	OOOOxx
+6506	8407	0	2	6	6	6	506	506	1506	6506	12	13	GQAAAA	JLMAAA	VVVVxx
+5772	8408	0	0	2	12	72	772	1772	772	5772	144	145	AOAAAA	KLMAAA	AAAAxx
+8052	8409	0	0	2	12	52	52	52	3052	8052	104	105	SXAAAA	LLMAAA	HHHHxx
+2633	8410	1	1	3	13	33	633	633	2633	2633	66	67	HXAAAA	MLMAAA	OOOOxx
+4878	8411	0	2	8	18	78	878	878	4878	4878	156	157	QFAAAA	NLMAAA	VVVVxx
+5621	8412	1	1	1	1	21	621	1621	621	5621	42	43	FIAAAA	OLMAAA	AAAAxx
+41	8413	1	1	1	1	41	41	41	41	41	82	83	PBAAAA	PLMAAA	HHHHxx
+4613	8414	1	1	3	13	13	613	613	4613	4613	26	27	LVAAAA	QLMAAA	OOOOxx
+9389	8415	1	1	9	9	89	389	1389	4389	9389	178	179	DXAAAA	RLMAAA	VVVVxx
+9414	8416	0	2	4	14	14	414	1414	4414	9414	28	29	CYAAAA	SLMAAA	AAAAxx
+3583	8417	1	3	3	3	83	583	1583	3583	3583	166	167	VHAAAA	TLMAAA	HHHHxx
+3454	8418	0	2	4	14	54	454	1454	3454	3454	108	109	WCAAAA	ULMAAA	OOOOxx
+719	8419	1	3	9	19	19	719	719	719	719	38	39	RBAAAA	VLMAAA	VVVVxx
+6188	8420	0	0	8	8	88	188	188	1188	6188	176	177	AEAAAA	WLMAAA	AAAAxx
+2288	8421	0	0	8	8	88	288	288	2288	2288	176	177	AKAAAA	XLMAAA	HHHHxx
+1287	8422	1	3	7	7	87	287	1287	1287	1287	174	175	NXAAAA	YLMAAA	OOOOxx
+1397	8423	1	1	7	17	97	397	1397	1397	1397	194	195	TBAAAA	ZLMAAA	VVVVxx
+7763	8424	1	3	3	3	63	763	1763	2763	7763	126	127	PMAAAA	AMMAAA	AAAAxx
+5194	8425	0	2	4	14	94	194	1194	194	5194	188	189	URAAAA	BMMAAA	HHHHxx
+3167	8426	1	3	7	7	67	167	1167	3167	3167	134	135	VRAAAA	CMMAAA	OOOOxx
+9218	8427	0	2	8	18	18	218	1218	4218	9218	36	37	OQAAAA	DMMAAA	VVVVxx
+2065	8428	1	1	5	5	65	65	65	2065	2065	130	131	LBAAAA	EMMAAA	AAAAxx
+9669	8429	1	1	9	9	69	669	1669	4669	9669	138	139	XHAAAA	FMMAAA	HHHHxx
+146	8430	0	2	6	6	46	146	146	146	146	92	93	QFAAAA	GMMAAA	OOOOxx
+6141	8431	1	1	1	1	41	141	141	1141	6141	82	83	FCAAAA	HMMAAA	VVVVxx
+2843	8432	1	3	3	3	43	843	843	2843	2843	86	87	JFAAAA	IMMAAA	AAAAxx
+7934	8433	0	2	4	14	34	934	1934	2934	7934	68	69	ETAAAA	JMMAAA	HHHHxx
+2536	8434	0	0	6	16	36	536	536	2536	2536	72	73	OTAAAA	KMMAAA	OOOOxx
+7088	8435	0	0	8	8	88	88	1088	2088	7088	176	177	QMAAAA	LMMAAA	VVVVxx
+2519	8436	1	3	9	19	19	519	519	2519	2519	38	39	XSAAAA	MMMAAA	AAAAxx
+6650	8437	0	2	0	10	50	650	650	1650	6650	100	101	UVAAAA	NMMAAA	HHHHxx
+3007	8438	1	3	7	7	7	7	1007	3007	3007	14	15	RLAAAA	OMMAAA	OOOOxx
+4507	8439	1	3	7	7	7	507	507	4507	4507	14	15	JRAAAA	PMMAAA	VVVVxx
+4892	8440	0	0	2	12	92	892	892	4892	4892	184	185	EGAAAA	QMMAAA	AAAAxx
+7159	8441	1	3	9	19	59	159	1159	2159	7159	118	119	JPAAAA	RMMAAA	HHHHxx
+3171	8442	1	3	1	11	71	171	1171	3171	3171	142	143	ZRAAAA	SMMAAA	OOOOxx
+1080	8443	0	0	0	0	80	80	1080	1080	1080	160	161	OPAAAA	TMMAAA	VVVVxx
+7248	8444	0	0	8	8	48	248	1248	2248	7248	96	97	USAAAA	UMMAAA	AAAAxx
+7230	8445	0	2	0	10	30	230	1230	2230	7230	60	61	CSAAAA	VMMAAA	HHHHxx
+3823	8446	1	3	3	3	23	823	1823	3823	3823	46	47	BRAAAA	WMMAAA	OOOOxx
+5517	8447	1	1	7	17	17	517	1517	517	5517	34	35	FEAAAA	XMMAAA	VVVVxx
+1482	8448	0	2	2	2	82	482	1482	1482	1482	164	165	AFAAAA	YMMAAA	AAAAxx
+9953	8449	1	1	3	13	53	953	1953	4953	9953	106	107	VSAAAA	ZMMAAA	HHHHxx
+2754	8450	0	2	4	14	54	754	754	2754	2754	108	109	YBAAAA	ANMAAA	OOOOxx
+3875	8451	1	3	5	15	75	875	1875	3875	3875	150	151	BTAAAA	BNMAAA	VVVVxx
+9800	8452	0	0	0	0	0	800	1800	4800	9800	0	1	YMAAAA	CNMAAA	AAAAxx
+8819	8453	1	3	9	19	19	819	819	3819	8819	38	39	FBAAAA	DNMAAA	HHHHxx
+8267	8454	1	3	7	7	67	267	267	3267	8267	134	135	ZFAAAA	ENMAAA	OOOOxx
+520	8455	0	0	0	0	20	520	520	520	520	40	41	AUAAAA	FNMAAA	VVVVxx
+5770	8456	0	2	0	10	70	770	1770	770	5770	140	141	YNAAAA	GNMAAA	AAAAxx
+2114	8457	0	2	4	14	14	114	114	2114	2114	28	29	IDAAAA	HNMAAA	HHHHxx
+5045	8458	1	1	5	5	45	45	1045	45	5045	90	91	BMAAAA	INMAAA	OOOOxx
+1094	8459	0	2	4	14	94	94	1094	1094	1094	188	189	CQAAAA	JNMAAA	VVVVxx
+8786	8460	0	2	6	6	86	786	786	3786	8786	172	173	YZAAAA	KNMAAA	AAAAxx
+353	8461	1	1	3	13	53	353	353	353	353	106	107	PNAAAA	LNMAAA	HHHHxx
+290	8462	0	2	0	10	90	290	290	290	290	180	181	ELAAAA	MNMAAA	OOOOxx
+3376	8463	0	0	6	16	76	376	1376	3376	3376	152	153	WZAAAA	NNMAAA	VVVVxx
+9305	8464	1	1	5	5	5	305	1305	4305	9305	10	11	XTAAAA	ONMAAA	AAAAxx
+186	8465	0	2	6	6	86	186	186	186	186	172	173	EHAAAA	PNMAAA	HHHHxx
+4817	8466	1	1	7	17	17	817	817	4817	4817	34	35	HDAAAA	QNMAAA	OOOOxx
+4638	8467	0	2	8	18	38	638	638	4638	4638	76	77	KWAAAA	RNMAAA	VVVVxx
+3558	8468	0	2	8	18	58	558	1558	3558	3558	116	117	WGAAAA	SNMAAA	AAAAxx
+9285	8469	1	1	5	5	85	285	1285	4285	9285	170	171	DTAAAA	TNMAAA	HHHHxx
+848	8470	0	0	8	8	48	848	848	848	848	96	97	QGAAAA	UNMAAA	OOOOxx
+8923	8471	1	3	3	3	23	923	923	3923	8923	46	47	FFAAAA	VNMAAA	VVVVxx
+6826	8472	0	2	6	6	26	826	826	1826	6826	52	53	OCAAAA	WNMAAA	AAAAxx
+5187	8473	1	3	7	7	87	187	1187	187	5187	174	175	NRAAAA	XNMAAA	HHHHxx
+2398	8474	0	2	8	18	98	398	398	2398	2398	196	197	GOAAAA	YNMAAA	OOOOxx
+7653	8475	1	1	3	13	53	653	1653	2653	7653	106	107	JIAAAA	ZNMAAA	VVVVxx
+8835	8476	1	3	5	15	35	835	835	3835	8835	70	71	VBAAAA	AOMAAA	AAAAxx
+5736	8477	0	0	6	16	36	736	1736	736	5736	72	73	QMAAAA	BOMAAA	HHHHxx
+1238	8478	0	2	8	18	38	238	1238	1238	1238	76	77	QVAAAA	COMAAA	OOOOxx
+6021	8479	1	1	1	1	21	21	21	1021	6021	42	43	PXAAAA	DOMAAA	VVVVxx
+6815	8480	1	3	5	15	15	815	815	1815	6815	30	31	DCAAAA	EOMAAA	AAAAxx
+2549	8481	1	1	9	9	49	549	549	2549	2549	98	99	BUAAAA	FOMAAA	HHHHxx
+5657	8482	1	1	7	17	57	657	1657	657	5657	114	115	PJAAAA	GOMAAA	OOOOxx
+6855	8483	1	3	5	15	55	855	855	1855	6855	110	111	RDAAAA	HOMAAA	VVVVxx
+1225	8484	1	1	5	5	25	225	1225	1225	1225	50	51	DVAAAA	IOMAAA	AAAAxx
+7452	8485	0	0	2	12	52	452	1452	2452	7452	104	105	QAAAAA	JOMAAA	HHHHxx
+2479	8486	1	3	9	19	79	479	479	2479	2479	158	159	JRAAAA	KOMAAA	OOOOxx
+7974	8487	0	2	4	14	74	974	1974	2974	7974	148	149	SUAAAA	LOMAAA	VVVVxx
+1212	8488	0	0	2	12	12	212	1212	1212	1212	24	25	QUAAAA	MOMAAA	AAAAxx
+8883	8489	1	3	3	3	83	883	883	3883	8883	166	167	RDAAAA	NOMAAA	HHHHxx
+8150	8490	0	2	0	10	50	150	150	3150	8150	100	101	MBAAAA	OOMAAA	OOOOxx
+3392	8491	0	0	2	12	92	392	1392	3392	3392	184	185	MAAAAA	POMAAA	VVVVxx
+6774	8492	0	2	4	14	74	774	774	1774	6774	148	149	OAAAAA	QOMAAA	AAAAxx
+904	8493	0	0	4	4	4	904	904	904	904	8	9	UIAAAA	ROMAAA	HHHHxx
+5068	8494	0	0	8	8	68	68	1068	68	5068	136	137	YMAAAA	SOMAAA	OOOOxx
+9339	8495	1	3	9	19	39	339	1339	4339	9339	78	79	FVAAAA	TOMAAA	VVVVxx
+1062	8496	0	2	2	2	62	62	1062	1062	1062	124	125	WOAAAA	UOMAAA	AAAAxx
+3841	8497	1	1	1	1	41	841	1841	3841	3841	82	83	TRAAAA	VOMAAA	HHHHxx
+8924	8498	0	0	4	4	24	924	924	3924	8924	48	49	GFAAAA	WOMAAA	OOOOxx
+9795	8499	1	3	5	15	95	795	1795	4795	9795	190	191	TMAAAA	XOMAAA	VVVVxx
+3981	8500	1	1	1	1	81	981	1981	3981	3981	162	163	DXAAAA	YOMAAA	AAAAxx
+4290	8501	0	2	0	10	90	290	290	4290	4290	180	181	AJAAAA	ZOMAAA	HHHHxx
+1067	8502	1	3	7	7	67	67	1067	1067	1067	134	135	BPAAAA	APMAAA	OOOOxx
+8679	8503	1	3	9	19	79	679	679	3679	8679	158	159	VVAAAA	BPMAAA	VVVVxx
+2894	8504	0	2	4	14	94	894	894	2894	2894	188	189	IHAAAA	CPMAAA	AAAAxx
+9248	8505	0	0	8	8	48	248	1248	4248	9248	96	97	SRAAAA	DPMAAA	HHHHxx
+1072	8506	0	0	2	12	72	72	1072	1072	1072	144	145	GPAAAA	EPMAAA	OOOOxx
+3510	8507	0	2	0	10	10	510	1510	3510	3510	20	21	AFAAAA	FPMAAA	VVVVxx
+6871	8508	1	3	1	11	71	871	871	1871	6871	142	143	HEAAAA	GPMAAA	AAAAxx
+8701	8509	1	1	1	1	1	701	701	3701	8701	2	3	RWAAAA	HPMAAA	HHHHxx
+8170	8510	0	2	0	10	70	170	170	3170	8170	140	141	GCAAAA	IPMAAA	OOOOxx
+2730	8511	0	2	0	10	30	730	730	2730	2730	60	61	ABAAAA	JPMAAA	VVVVxx
+2668	8512	0	0	8	8	68	668	668	2668	2668	136	137	QYAAAA	KPMAAA	AAAAxx
+8723	8513	1	3	3	3	23	723	723	3723	8723	46	47	NXAAAA	LPMAAA	HHHHxx
+3439	8514	1	3	9	19	39	439	1439	3439	3439	78	79	HCAAAA	MPMAAA	OOOOxx
+6219	8515	1	3	9	19	19	219	219	1219	6219	38	39	FFAAAA	NPMAAA	VVVVxx
+4264	8516	0	0	4	4	64	264	264	4264	4264	128	129	AIAAAA	OPMAAA	AAAAxx
+3929	8517	1	1	9	9	29	929	1929	3929	3929	58	59	DVAAAA	PPMAAA	HHHHxx
+7	8518	1	3	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	14	15	HAAAAA	QPMAAA	OOOOxx
+3737	8519	1	1	7	17	37	737	1737	3737	3737	74	75	TNAAAA	RPMAAA	VVVVxx
+358	8520	0	2	8	18	58	358	358	358	358	116	117	UNAAAA	SPMAAA	AAAAxx
+5128	8521	0	0	8	8	28	128	1128	128	5128	56	57	GPAAAA	TPMAAA	HHHHxx
+7353	8522	1	1	3	13	53	353	1353	2353	7353	106	107	VWAAAA	UPMAAA	OOOOxx
+8758	8523	0	2	8	18	58	758	758	3758	8758	116	117	WYAAAA	VPMAAA	VVVVxx
+7284	8524	0	0	4	4	84	284	1284	2284	7284	168	169	EUAAAA	WPMAAA	AAAAxx
+4037	8525	1	1	7	17	37	37	37	4037	4037	74	75	HZAAAA	XPMAAA	HHHHxx
+435	8526	1	3	5	15	35	435	435	435	435	70	71	TQAAAA	YPMAAA	OOOOxx
+3580	8527	0	0	0	0	80	580	1580	3580	3580	160	161	SHAAAA	ZPMAAA	VVVVxx
+4554	8528	0	2	4	14	54	554	554	4554	4554	108	109	ETAAAA	AQMAAA	AAAAxx
+4337	8529	1	1	7	17	37	337	337	4337	4337	74	75	VKAAAA	BQMAAA	HHHHxx
+512	8530	0	0	2	12	12	512	512	512	512	24	25	STAAAA	CQMAAA	OOOOxx
+2032	8531	0	0	2	12	32	32	32	2032	2032	64	65	EAAAAA	DQMAAA	VVVVxx
+1755	8532	1	3	5	15	55	755	1755	1755	1755	110	111	NPAAAA	EQMAAA	AAAAxx
+9923	8533	1	3	3	3	23	923	1923	4923	9923	46	47	RRAAAA	FQMAAA	HHHHxx
+3747	8534	1	3	7	7	47	747	1747	3747	3747	94	95	DOAAAA	GQMAAA	OOOOxx
+27	8535	1	3	7	7	27	27	27	27	27	54	55	BBAAAA	HQMAAA	VVVVxx
+3075	8536	1	3	5	15	75	75	1075	3075	3075	150	151	HOAAAA	IQMAAA	AAAAxx
+6259	8537	1	3	9	19	59	259	259	1259	6259	118	119	TGAAAA	JQMAAA	HHHHxx
+2940	8538	0	0	0	0	40	940	940	2940	2940	80	81	CJAAAA	KQMAAA	OOOOxx
+5724	8539	0	0	4	4	24	724	1724	724	5724	48	49	EMAAAA	LQMAAA	VVVVxx
+5638	8540	0	2	8	18	38	638	1638	638	5638	76	77	WIAAAA	MQMAAA	AAAAxx
+479	8541	1	3	9	19	79	479	479	479	479	158	159	LSAAAA	NQMAAA	HHHHxx
+4125	8542	1	1	5	5	25	125	125	4125	4125	50	51	RCAAAA	OQMAAA	OOOOxx
+1525	8543	1	1	5	5	25	525	1525	1525	1525	50	51	RGAAAA	PQMAAA	VVVVxx
+7529	8544	1	1	9	9	29	529	1529	2529	7529	58	59	PDAAAA	QQMAAA	AAAAxx
+931	8545	1	3	1	11	31	931	931	931	931	62	63	VJAAAA	RQMAAA	HHHHxx
+5175	8546	1	3	5	15	75	175	1175	175	5175	150	151	BRAAAA	SQMAAA	OOOOxx
+6798	8547	0	2	8	18	98	798	798	1798	6798	196	197	MBAAAA	TQMAAA	VVVVxx
+2111	8548	1	3	1	11	11	111	111	2111	2111	22	23	FDAAAA	UQMAAA	AAAAxx
+6145	8549	1	1	5	5	45	145	145	1145	6145	90	91	JCAAAA	VQMAAA	HHHHxx
+4712	8550	0	0	2	12	12	712	712	4712	4712	24	25	GZAAAA	WQMAAA	OOOOxx
+3110	8551	0	2	0	10	10	110	1110	3110	3110	20	21	QPAAAA	XQMAAA	VVVVxx
+97	8552	1	1	7	17	97	97	97	97	97	194	195	TDAAAA	YQMAAA	AAAAxx
+758	8553	0	2	8	18	58	758	758	758	758	116	117	EDAAAA	ZQMAAA	HHHHxx
+1895	8554	1	3	5	15	95	895	1895	1895	1895	190	191	XUAAAA	ARMAAA	OOOOxx
+5289	8555	1	1	9	9	89	289	1289	289	5289	178	179	LVAAAA	BRMAAA	VVVVxx
+5026	8556	0	2	6	6	26	26	1026	26	5026	52	53	ILAAAA	CRMAAA	AAAAxx
+4725	8557	1	1	5	5	25	725	725	4725	4725	50	51	TZAAAA	DRMAAA	HHHHxx
+1679	8558	1	3	9	19	79	679	1679	1679	1679	158	159	PMAAAA	ERMAAA	OOOOxx
+4433	8559	1	1	3	13	33	433	433	4433	4433	66	67	NOAAAA	FRMAAA	VVVVxx
+5340	8560	0	0	0	0	40	340	1340	340	5340	80	81	KXAAAA	GRMAAA	AAAAxx
+6340	8561	0	0	0	0	40	340	340	1340	6340	80	81	WJAAAA	HRMAAA	HHHHxx
+3261	8562	1	1	1	1	61	261	1261	3261	3261	122	123	LVAAAA	IRMAAA	OOOOxx
+8108	8563	0	0	8	8	8	108	108	3108	8108	16	17	WZAAAA	JRMAAA	VVVVxx
+8785	8564	1	1	5	5	85	785	785	3785	8785	170	171	XZAAAA	KRMAAA	AAAAxx
+7391	8565	1	3	1	11	91	391	1391	2391	7391	182	183	HYAAAA	LRMAAA	HHHHxx
+1496	8566	0	0	6	16	96	496	1496	1496	1496	192	193	OFAAAA	MRMAAA	OOOOxx
+1484	8567	0	0	4	4	84	484	1484	1484	1484	168	169	CFAAAA	NRMAAA	VVVVxx
+5884	8568	0	0	4	4	84	884	1884	884	5884	168	169	ISAAAA	ORMAAA	AAAAxx
+342	8569	0	2	2	2	42	342	342	342	342	84	85	ENAAAA	PRMAAA	HHHHxx
+7659	8570	1	3	9	19	59	659	1659	2659	7659	118	119	PIAAAA	QRMAAA	OOOOxx
+6635	8571	1	3	5	15	35	635	635	1635	6635	70	71	FVAAAA	RRMAAA	VVVVxx
+8507	8572	1	3	7	7	7	507	507	3507	8507	14	15	FPAAAA	SRMAAA	AAAAxx
+2583	8573	1	3	3	3	83	583	583	2583	2583	166	167	JVAAAA	TRMAAA	HHHHxx
+6533	8574	1	1	3	13	33	533	533	1533	6533	66	67	HRAAAA	URMAAA	OOOOxx
+5879	8575	1	3	9	19	79	879	1879	879	5879	158	159	DSAAAA	VRMAAA	VVVVxx
+5511	8576	1	3	1	11	11	511	1511	511	5511	22	23	ZDAAAA	WRMAAA	AAAAxx
+3682	8577	0	2	2	2	82	682	1682	3682	3682	164	165	QLAAAA	XRMAAA	HHHHxx
+7182	8578	0	2	2	2	82	182	1182	2182	7182	164	165	GQAAAA	YRMAAA	OOOOxx
+1409	8579	1	1	9	9	9	409	1409	1409	1409	18	19	FCAAAA	ZRMAAA	VVVVxx
+3363	8580	1	3	3	3	63	363	1363	3363	3363	126	127	JZAAAA	ASMAAA	AAAAxx
+729	8581	1	1	9	9	29	729	729	729	729	58	59	BCAAAA	BSMAAA	HHHHxx
+5857	8582	1	1	7	17	57	857	1857	857	5857	114	115	HRAAAA	CSMAAA	OOOOxx
+235	8583	1	3	5	15	35	235	235	235	235	70	71	BJAAAA	DSMAAA	VVVVxx
+193	8584	1	1	3	13	93	193	193	193	193	186	187	LHAAAA	ESMAAA	AAAAxx
+5586	8585	0	2	6	6	86	586	1586	586	5586	172	173	WGAAAA	FSMAAA	HHHHxx
+6203	8586	1	3	3	3	3	203	203	1203	6203	6	7	PEAAAA	GSMAAA	OOOOxx
+6795	8587	1	3	5	15	95	795	795	1795	6795	190	191	JBAAAA	HSMAAA	VVVVxx
+3211	8588	1	3	1	11	11	211	1211	3211	3211	22	23	NTAAAA	ISMAAA	AAAAxx
+9763	8589	1	3	3	3	63	763	1763	4763	9763	126	127	NLAAAA	JSMAAA	HHHHxx
+9043	8590	1	3	3	3	43	43	1043	4043	9043	86	87	VJAAAA	KSMAAA	OOOOxx
+2854	8591	0	2	4	14	54	854	854	2854	2854	108	109	UFAAAA	LSMAAA	VVVVxx
+565	8592	1	1	5	5	65	565	565	565	565	130	131	TVAAAA	MSMAAA	AAAAxx
+9284	8593	0	0	4	4	84	284	1284	4284	9284	168	169	CTAAAA	NSMAAA	HHHHxx
+7886	8594	0	2	6	6	86	886	1886	2886	7886	172	173	IRAAAA	OSMAAA	OOOOxx
+122	8595	0	2	2	2	22	122	122	122	122	44	45	SEAAAA	PSMAAA	VVVVxx
+4934	8596	0	2	4	14	34	934	934	4934	4934	68	69	UHAAAA	QSMAAA	AAAAxx
+1766	8597	0	2	6	6	66	766	1766	1766	1766	132	133	YPAAAA	RSMAAA	HHHHxx
+2554	8598	0	2	4	14	54	554	554	2554	2554	108	109	GUAAAA	SSMAAA	OOOOxx
+488	8599	0	0	8	8	88	488	488	488	488	176	177	USAAAA	TSMAAA	VVVVxx
+825	8600	1	1	5	5	25	825	825	825	825	50	51	TFAAAA	USMAAA	AAAAxx
+678	8601	0	2	8	18	78	678	678	678	678	156	157	CAAAAA	VSMAAA	HHHHxx
+4543	8602	1	3	3	3	43	543	543	4543	4543	86	87	TSAAAA	WSMAAA	OOOOxx
+1699	8603	1	3	9	19	99	699	1699	1699	1699	198	199	JNAAAA	XSMAAA	VVVVxx
+3771	8604	1	3	1	11	71	771	1771	3771	3771	142	143	BPAAAA	YSMAAA	AAAAxx
+1234	8605	0	2	4	14	34	234	1234	1234	1234	68	69	MVAAAA	ZSMAAA	HHHHxx
+4152	8606	0	0	2	12	52	152	152	4152	4152	104	105	SDAAAA	ATMAAA	OOOOxx
+1632	8607	0	0	2	12	32	632	1632	1632	1632	64	65	UKAAAA	BTMAAA	VVVVxx
+4988	8608	0	0	8	8	88	988	988	4988	4988	176	177	WJAAAA	CTMAAA	AAAAxx
+1980	8609	0	0	0	0	80	980	1980	1980	1980	160	161	EYAAAA	DTMAAA	HHHHxx
+7479	8610	1	3	9	19	79	479	1479	2479	7479	158	159	RBAAAA	ETMAAA	OOOOxx
+2586	8611	0	2	6	6	86	586	586	2586	2586	172	173	MVAAAA	FTMAAA	VVVVxx
+5433	8612	1	1	3	13	33	433	1433	433	5433	66	67	ZAAAAA	GTMAAA	AAAAxx
+2261	8613	1	1	1	1	61	261	261	2261	2261	122	123	ZIAAAA	HTMAAA	HHHHxx
+1180	8614	0	0	0	0	80	180	1180	1180	1180	160	161	KTAAAA	ITMAAA	OOOOxx
+3938	8615	0	2	8	18	38	938	1938	3938	3938	76	77	MVAAAA	JTMAAA	VVVVxx
+6714	8616	0	2	4	14	14	714	714	1714	6714	28	29	GYAAAA	KTMAAA	AAAAxx
+2890	8617	0	2	0	10	90	890	890	2890	2890	180	181	EHAAAA	LTMAAA	HHHHxx
+7379	8618	1	3	9	19	79	379	1379	2379	7379	158	159	VXAAAA	MTMAAA	OOOOxx
+5896	8619	0	0	6	16	96	896	1896	896	5896	192	193	USAAAA	NTMAAA	VVVVxx
+5949	8620	1	1	9	9	49	949	1949	949	5949	98	99	VUAAAA	OTMAAA	AAAAxx
+3194	8621	0	2	4	14	94	194	1194	3194	3194	188	189	WSAAAA	PTMAAA	HHHHxx
+9325	8622	1	1	5	5	25	325	1325	4325	9325	50	51	RUAAAA	QTMAAA	OOOOxx
+9531	8623	1	3	1	11	31	531	1531	4531	9531	62	63	PCAAAA	RTMAAA	VVVVxx
+711	8624	1	3	1	11	11	711	711	711	711	22	23	JBAAAA	STMAAA	AAAAxx
+2450	8625	0	2	0	10	50	450	450	2450	2450	100	101	GQAAAA	TTMAAA	HHHHxx
+1929	8626	1	1	9	9	29	929	1929	1929	1929	58	59	FWAAAA	UTMAAA	OOOOxx
+6165	8627	1	1	5	5	65	165	165	1165	6165	130	131	DDAAAA	VTMAAA	VVVVxx
+4050	8628	0	2	0	10	50	50	50	4050	4050	100	101	UZAAAA	WTMAAA	AAAAxx
+9011	8629	1	3	1	11	11	11	1011	4011	9011	22	23	PIAAAA	XTMAAA	HHHHxx
+7916	8630	0	0	6	16	16	916	1916	2916	7916	32	33	MSAAAA	YTMAAA	OOOOxx
+9136	8631	0	0	6	16	36	136	1136	4136	9136	72	73	KNAAAA	ZTMAAA	VVVVxx
+8782	8632	0	2	2	2	82	782	782	3782	8782	164	165	UZAAAA	AUMAAA	AAAAxx
+8491	8633	1	3	1	11	91	491	491	3491	8491	182	183	POAAAA	BUMAAA	HHHHxx
+5114	8634	0	2	4	14	14	114	1114	114	5114	28	29	SOAAAA	CUMAAA	OOOOxx
+5815	8635	1	3	5	15	15	815	1815	815	5815	30	31	RPAAAA	DUMAAA	VVVVxx
+5628	8636	0	0	8	8	28	628	1628	628	5628	56	57	MIAAAA	EUMAAA	AAAAxx
+810	8637	0	2	0	10	10	810	810	810	810	20	21	EFAAAA	FUMAAA	HHHHxx
+6178	8638	0	2	8	18	78	178	178	1178	6178	156	157	QDAAAA	GUMAAA	OOOOxx
+2619	8639	1	3	9	19	19	619	619	2619	2619	38	39	TWAAAA	HUMAAA	VVVVxx
+3340	8640	0	0	0	0	40	340	1340	3340	3340	80	81	MYAAAA	IUMAAA	AAAAxx
+2491	8641	1	3	1	11	91	491	491	2491	2491	182	183	VRAAAA	JUMAAA	HHHHxx
+3574	8642	0	2	4	14	74	574	1574	3574	3574	148	149	MHAAAA	KUMAAA	OOOOxx
+6754	8643	0	2	4	14	54	754	754	1754	6754	108	109	UZAAAA	LUMAAA	VVVVxx
+1566	8644	0	2	6	6	66	566	1566	1566	1566	132	133	GIAAAA	MUMAAA	AAAAxx
+9174	8645	0	2	4	14	74	174	1174	4174	9174	148	149	WOAAAA	NUMAAA	HHHHxx
+1520	8646	0	0	0	0	20	520	1520	1520	1520	40	41	MGAAAA	OUMAAA	OOOOxx
+2691	8647	1	3	1	11	91	691	691	2691	2691	182	183	NZAAAA	PUMAAA	VVVVxx
+6961	8648	1	1	1	1	61	961	961	1961	6961	122	123	THAAAA	QUMAAA	AAAAxx
+5722	8649	0	2	2	2	22	722	1722	722	5722	44	45	CMAAAA	RUMAAA	HHHHxx
+9707	8650	1	3	7	7	7	707	1707	4707	9707	14	15	JJAAAA	SUMAAA	OOOOxx
+2891	8651	1	3	1	11	91	891	891	2891	2891	182	183	FHAAAA	TUMAAA	VVVVxx
+341	8652	1	1	1	1	41	341	341	341	341	82	83	DNAAAA	UUMAAA	AAAAxx
+4690	8653	0	2	0	10	90	690	690	4690	4690	180	181	KYAAAA	VUMAAA	HHHHxx
+7841	8654	1	1	1	1	41	841	1841	2841	7841	82	83	PPAAAA	WUMAAA	OOOOxx
+6615	8655	1	3	5	15	15	615	615	1615	6615	30	31	LUAAAA	XUMAAA	VVVVxx
+9169	8656	1	1	9	9	69	169	1169	4169	9169	138	139	ROAAAA	YUMAAA	AAAAxx
+6689	8657	1	1	9	9	89	689	689	1689	6689	178	179	HXAAAA	ZUMAAA	HHHHxx
+8721	8658	1	1	1	1	21	721	721	3721	8721	42	43	LXAAAA	AVMAAA	OOOOxx
+7508	8659	0	0	8	8	8	508	1508	2508	7508	16	17	UCAAAA	BVMAAA	VVVVxx
+8631	8660	1	3	1	11	31	631	631	3631	8631	62	63	ZTAAAA	CVMAAA	AAAAxx
+480	8661	0	0	0	0	80	480	480	480	480	160	161	MSAAAA	DVMAAA	HHHHxx
+7094	8662	0	2	4	14	94	94	1094	2094	7094	188	189	WMAAAA	EVMAAA	OOOOxx
+319	8663	1	3	9	19	19	319	319	319	319	38	39	HMAAAA	FVMAAA	VVVVxx
+9421	8664	1	1	1	1	21	421	1421	4421	9421	42	43	JYAAAA	GVMAAA	AAAAxx
+4352	8665	0	0	2	12	52	352	352	4352	4352	104	105	KLAAAA	HVMAAA	HHHHxx
+5019	8666	1	3	9	19	19	19	1019	19	5019	38	39	BLAAAA	IVMAAA	OOOOxx
+3956	8667	0	0	6	16	56	956	1956	3956	3956	112	113	EWAAAA	JVMAAA	VVVVxx
+114	8668	0	2	4	14	14	114	114	114	114	28	29	KEAAAA	KVMAAA	AAAAxx
+1196	8669	0	0	6	16	96	196	1196	1196	1196	192	193	AUAAAA	LVMAAA	HHHHxx
+1407	8670	1	3	7	7	7	407	1407	1407	1407	14	15	DCAAAA	MVMAAA	OOOOxx
+7432	8671	0	0	2	12	32	432	1432	2432	7432	64	65	WZAAAA	NVMAAA	VVVVxx
+3141	8672	1	1	1	1	41	141	1141	3141	3141	82	83	VQAAAA	OVMAAA	AAAAxx
+2073	8673	1	1	3	13	73	73	73	2073	2073	146	147	TBAAAA	PVMAAA	HHHHxx
+3400	8674	0	0	0	0	0	400	1400	3400	3400	0	1	UAAAAA	QVMAAA	OOOOxx
+505	8675	1	1	5	5	5	505	505	505	505	10	11	LTAAAA	RVMAAA	VVVVxx
+1263	8676	1	3	3	3	63	263	1263	1263	1263	126	127	PWAAAA	SVMAAA	AAAAxx
+190	8677	0	2	0	10	90	190	190	190	190	180	181	IHAAAA	TVMAAA	HHHHxx
+6686	8678	0	2	6	6	86	686	686	1686	6686	172	173	EXAAAA	UVMAAA	OOOOxx
+9821	8679	1	1	1	1	21	821	1821	4821	9821	42	43	TNAAAA	VVMAAA	VVVVxx
+1119	8680	1	3	9	19	19	119	1119	1119	1119	38	39	BRAAAA	WVMAAA	AAAAxx
+2955	8681	1	3	5	15	55	955	955	2955	2955	110	111	RJAAAA	XVMAAA	HHHHxx
+224	8682	0	0	4	4	24	224	224	224	224	48	49	QIAAAA	YVMAAA	OOOOxx
+7562	8683	0	2	2	2	62	562	1562	2562	7562	124	125	WEAAAA	ZVMAAA	VVVVxx
+8845	8684	1	1	5	5	45	845	845	3845	8845	90	91	FCAAAA	AWMAAA	AAAAxx
+5405	8685	1	1	5	5	5	405	1405	405	5405	10	11	XZAAAA	BWMAAA	HHHHxx
+9192	8686	0	0	2	12	92	192	1192	4192	9192	184	185	OPAAAA	CWMAAA	OOOOxx
+4927	8687	1	3	7	7	27	927	927	4927	4927	54	55	NHAAAA	DWMAAA	VVVVxx
+997	8688	1	1	7	17	97	997	997	997	997	194	195	JMAAAA	EWMAAA	AAAAxx
+989	8689	1	1	9	9	89	989	989	989	989	178	179	BMAAAA	FWMAAA	HHHHxx
+7258	8690	0	2	8	18	58	258	1258	2258	7258	116	117	ETAAAA	GWMAAA	OOOOxx
+6899	8691	1	3	9	19	99	899	899	1899	6899	198	199	JFAAAA	HWMAAA	VVVVxx
+1770	8692	0	2	0	10	70	770	1770	1770	1770	140	141	CQAAAA	IWMAAA	AAAAxx
+4423	8693	1	3	3	3	23	423	423	4423	4423	46	47	DOAAAA	JWMAAA	HHHHxx
+5671	8694	1	3	1	11	71	671	1671	671	5671	142	143	DKAAAA	KWMAAA	OOOOxx
+8393	8695	1	1	3	13	93	393	393	3393	8393	186	187	VKAAAA	LWMAAA	VVVVxx
+4355	8696	1	3	5	15	55	355	355	4355	4355	110	111	NLAAAA	MWMAAA	AAAAxx
+3919	8697	1	3	9	19	19	919	1919	3919	3919	38	39	TUAAAA	NWMAAA	HHHHxx
+338	8698	0	2	8	18	38	338	338	338	338	76	77	ANAAAA	OWMAAA	OOOOxx
+5790	8699	0	2	0	10	90	790	1790	790	5790	180	181	SOAAAA	PWMAAA	VVVVxx
+1452	8700	0	0	2	12	52	452	1452	1452	1452	104	105	WDAAAA	QWMAAA	AAAAxx
+939	8701	1	3	9	19	39	939	939	939	939	78	79	DKAAAA	RWMAAA	HHHHxx
+8913	8702	1	1	3	13	13	913	913	3913	8913	26	27	VEAAAA	SWMAAA	OOOOxx
+7157	8703	1	1	7	17	57	157	1157	2157	7157	114	115	HPAAAA	TWMAAA	VVVVxx
+7240	8704	0	0	0	0	40	240	1240	2240	7240	80	81	MSAAAA	UWMAAA	AAAAxx
+3492	8705	0	0	2	12	92	492	1492	3492	3492	184	185	IEAAAA	VWMAAA	HHHHxx
+3464	8706	0	0	4	4	64	464	1464	3464	3464	128	129	GDAAAA	WWMAAA	OOOOxx
+388	8707	0	0	8	8	88	388	388	388	388	176	177	YOAAAA	XWMAAA	VVVVxx
+4135	8708	1	3	5	15	35	135	135	4135	4135	70	71	BDAAAA	YWMAAA	AAAAxx
+1194	8709	0	2	4	14	94	194	1194	1194	1194	188	189	YTAAAA	ZWMAAA	HHHHxx
+5476	8710	0	0	6	16	76	476	1476	476	5476	152	153	QCAAAA	AXMAAA	OOOOxx
+9844	8711	0	0	4	4	44	844	1844	4844	9844	88	89	QOAAAA	BXMAAA	VVVVxx
+9364	8712	0	0	4	4	64	364	1364	4364	9364	128	129	EWAAAA	CXMAAA	AAAAxx
+5238	8713	0	2	8	18	38	238	1238	238	5238	76	77	MTAAAA	DXMAAA	HHHHxx
+3712	8714	0	0	2	12	12	712	1712	3712	3712	24	25	UMAAAA	EXMAAA	OOOOxx
+6189	8715	1	1	9	9	89	189	189	1189	6189	178	179	BEAAAA	FXMAAA	VVVVxx
+5257	8716	1	1	7	17	57	257	1257	257	5257	114	115	FUAAAA	GXMAAA	AAAAxx
+81	8717	1	1	1	1	81	81	81	81	81	162	163	DDAAAA	HXMAAA	HHHHxx
+3289	8718	1	1	9	9	89	289	1289	3289	3289	178	179	NWAAAA	IXMAAA	OOOOxx
+1177	8719	1	1	7	17	77	177	1177	1177	1177	154	155	HTAAAA	JXMAAA	VVVVxx
+5038	8720	0	2	8	18	38	38	1038	38	5038	76	77	ULAAAA	KXMAAA	AAAAxx
+325	8721	1	1	5	5	25	325	325	325	325	50	51	NMAAAA	LXMAAA	HHHHxx
+7221	8722	1	1	1	1	21	221	1221	2221	7221	42	43	TRAAAA	MXMAAA	OOOOxx
+7123	8723	1	3	3	3	23	123	1123	2123	7123	46	47	ZNAAAA	NXMAAA	VVVVxx
+6364	8724	0	0	4	4	64	364	364	1364	6364	128	129	UKAAAA	OXMAAA	AAAAxx
+4468	8725	0	0	8	8	68	468	468	4468	4468	136	137	WPAAAA	PXMAAA	HHHHxx
+9185	8726	1	1	5	5	85	185	1185	4185	9185	170	171	HPAAAA	QXMAAA	OOOOxx
+4158	8727	0	2	8	18	58	158	158	4158	4158	116	117	YDAAAA	RXMAAA	VVVVxx
+9439	8728	1	3	9	19	39	439	1439	4439	9439	78	79	BZAAAA	SXMAAA	AAAAxx
+7759	8729	1	3	9	19	59	759	1759	2759	7759	118	119	LMAAAA	TXMAAA	HHHHxx
+3325	8730	1	1	5	5	25	325	1325	3325	3325	50	51	XXAAAA	UXMAAA	OOOOxx
+7991	8731	1	3	1	11	91	991	1991	2991	7991	182	183	JVAAAA	VXMAAA	VVVVxx
+1650	8732	0	2	0	10	50	650	1650	1650	1650	100	101	MLAAAA	WXMAAA	AAAAxx
+8395	8733	1	3	5	15	95	395	395	3395	8395	190	191	XKAAAA	XXMAAA	HHHHxx
+286	8734	0	2	6	6	86	286	286	286	286	172	173	ALAAAA	YXMAAA	OOOOxx
+1507	8735	1	3	7	7	7	507	1507	1507	1507	14	15	ZFAAAA	ZXMAAA	VVVVxx
+4122	8736	0	2	2	2	22	122	122	4122	4122	44	45	OCAAAA	AYMAAA	AAAAxx
+2625	8737	1	1	5	5	25	625	625	2625	2625	50	51	ZWAAAA	BYMAAA	HHHHxx
+1140	8738	0	0	0	0	40	140	1140	1140	1140	80	81	WRAAAA	CYMAAA	OOOOxx
+5262	8739	0	2	2	2	62	262	1262	262	5262	124	125	KUAAAA	DYMAAA	VVVVxx
+4919	8740	1	3	9	19	19	919	919	4919	4919	38	39	FHAAAA	EYMAAA	AAAAxx
+7266	8741	0	2	6	6	66	266	1266	2266	7266	132	133	MTAAAA	FYMAAA	HHHHxx
+630	8742	0	2	0	10	30	630	630	630	630	60	61	GYAAAA	GYMAAA	OOOOxx
+2129	8743	1	1	9	9	29	129	129	2129	2129	58	59	XDAAAA	HYMAAA	VVVVxx
+9552	8744	0	0	2	12	52	552	1552	4552	9552	104	105	KDAAAA	IYMAAA	AAAAxx
+3018	8745	0	2	8	18	18	18	1018	3018	3018	36	37	CMAAAA	JYMAAA	HHHHxx
+7145	8746	1	1	5	5	45	145	1145	2145	7145	90	91	VOAAAA	KYMAAA	OOOOxx
+1633	8747	1	1	3	13	33	633	1633	1633	1633	66	67	VKAAAA	LYMAAA	VVVVxx
+7957	8748	1	1	7	17	57	957	1957	2957	7957	114	115	BUAAAA	MYMAAA	AAAAxx
+774	8749	0	2	4	14	74	774	774	774	774	148	149	UDAAAA	NYMAAA	HHHHxx
+9371	8750	1	3	1	11	71	371	1371	4371	9371	142	143	LWAAAA	OYMAAA	OOOOxx
+6007	8751	1	3	7	7	7	7	7	1007	6007	14	15	BXAAAA	PYMAAA	VVVVxx
+5277	8752	1	1	7	17	77	277	1277	277	5277	154	155	ZUAAAA	QYMAAA	AAAAxx
+9426	8753	0	2	6	6	26	426	1426	4426	9426	52	53	OYAAAA	RYMAAA	HHHHxx
+9190	8754	0	2	0	10	90	190	1190	4190	9190	180	181	MPAAAA	SYMAAA	OOOOxx
+8996	8755	0	0	6	16	96	996	996	3996	8996	192	193	AIAAAA	TYMAAA	VVVVxx
+3409	8756	1	1	9	9	9	409	1409	3409	3409	18	19	DBAAAA	UYMAAA	AAAAxx
+7212	8757	0	0	2	12	12	212	1212	2212	7212	24	25	KRAAAA	VYMAAA	HHHHxx
+416	8758	0	0	6	16	16	416	416	416	416	32	33	AQAAAA	WYMAAA	OOOOxx
+7211	8759	1	3	1	11	11	211	1211	2211	7211	22	23	JRAAAA	XYMAAA	VVVVxx
+7454	8760	0	2	4	14	54	454	1454	2454	7454	108	109	SAAAAA	YYMAAA	AAAAxx
+8417	8761	1	1	7	17	17	417	417	3417	8417	34	35	TLAAAA	ZYMAAA	HHHHxx
+5562	8762	0	2	2	2	62	562	1562	562	5562	124	125	YFAAAA	AZMAAA	OOOOxx
+4996	8763	0	0	6	16	96	996	996	4996	4996	192	193	EKAAAA	BZMAAA	VVVVxx
+5718	8764	0	2	8	18	18	718	1718	718	5718	36	37	YLAAAA	CZMAAA	AAAAxx
+7838	8765	0	2	8	18	38	838	1838	2838	7838	76	77	MPAAAA	DZMAAA	HHHHxx
+7715	8766	1	3	5	15	15	715	1715	2715	7715	30	31	TKAAAA	EZMAAA	OOOOxx
+2780	8767	0	0	0	0	80	780	780	2780	2780	160	161	YCAAAA	FZMAAA	VVVVxx
+1013	8768	1	1	3	13	13	13	1013	1013	1013	26	27	ZMAAAA	GZMAAA	AAAAxx
+8465	8769	1	1	5	5	65	465	465	3465	8465	130	131	PNAAAA	HZMAAA	HHHHxx
+7976	8770	0	0	6	16	76	976	1976	2976	7976	152	153	UUAAAA	IZMAAA	OOOOxx
+7150	8771	0	2	0	10	50	150	1150	2150	7150	100	101	APAAAA	JZMAAA	VVVVxx
+6471	8772	1	3	1	11	71	471	471	1471	6471	142	143	XOAAAA	KZMAAA	AAAAxx
+1927	8773	1	3	7	7	27	927	1927	1927	1927	54	55	DWAAAA	LZMAAA	HHHHxx
+227	8774	1	3	7	7	27	227	227	227	227	54	55	TIAAAA	MZMAAA	OOOOxx
+6462	8775	0	2	2	2	62	462	462	1462	6462	124	125	OOAAAA	NZMAAA	VVVVxx
+5227	8776	1	3	7	7	27	227	1227	227	5227	54	55	BTAAAA	OZMAAA	AAAAxx
+1074	8777	0	2	4	14	74	74	1074	1074	1074	148	149	IPAAAA	PZMAAA	HHHHxx
+9448	8778	0	0	8	8	48	448	1448	4448	9448	96	97	KZAAAA	QZMAAA	OOOOxx
+4459	8779	1	3	9	19	59	459	459	4459	4459	118	119	NPAAAA	RZMAAA	VVVVxx
+2478	8780	0	2	8	18	78	478	478	2478	2478	156	157	IRAAAA	SZMAAA	AAAAxx
+5005	8781	1	1	5	5	5	5	1005	5	5005	10	11	NKAAAA	TZMAAA	HHHHxx
+2418	8782	0	2	8	18	18	418	418	2418	2418	36	37	APAAAA	UZMAAA	OOOOxx
+6991	8783	1	3	1	11	91	991	991	1991	6991	182	183	XIAAAA	VZMAAA	VVVVxx
+4729	8784	1	1	9	9	29	729	729	4729	4729	58	59	XZAAAA	WZMAAA	AAAAxx
+3548	8785	0	0	8	8	48	548	1548	3548	3548	96	97	MGAAAA	XZMAAA	HHHHxx
+9616	8786	0	0	6	16	16	616	1616	4616	9616	32	33	WFAAAA	YZMAAA	OOOOxx
+2901	8787	1	1	1	1	1	901	901	2901	2901	2	3	PHAAAA	ZZMAAA	VVVVxx
+10	8788	0	2	0	10	10	10	10	10	10	20	21	KAAAAA	AANAAA	AAAAxx
+2637	8789	1	1	7	17	37	637	637	2637	2637	74	75	LXAAAA	BANAAA	HHHHxx
+6747	8790	1	3	7	7	47	747	747	1747	6747	94	95	NZAAAA	CANAAA	OOOOxx
+797	8791	1	1	7	17	97	797	797	797	797	194	195	REAAAA	DANAAA	VVVVxx
+7609	8792	1	1	9	9	9	609	1609	2609	7609	18	19	RGAAAA	EANAAA	AAAAxx
+8290	8793	0	2	0	10	90	290	290	3290	8290	180	181	WGAAAA	FANAAA	HHHHxx
+8765	8794	1	1	5	5	65	765	765	3765	8765	130	131	DZAAAA	GANAAA	OOOOxx
+8053	8795	1	1	3	13	53	53	53	3053	8053	106	107	TXAAAA	HANAAA	VVVVxx
+5602	8796	0	2	2	2	2	602	1602	602	5602	4	5	MHAAAA	IANAAA	AAAAxx
+3672	8797	0	0	2	12	72	672	1672	3672	3672	144	145	GLAAAA	JANAAA	HHHHxx
+7513	8798	1	1	3	13	13	513	1513	2513	7513	26	27	ZCAAAA	KANAAA	OOOOxx
+3462	8799	0	2	2	2	62	462	1462	3462	3462	124	125	EDAAAA	LANAAA	VVVVxx
+4457	8800	1	1	7	17	57	457	457	4457	4457	114	115	LPAAAA	MANAAA	AAAAxx
+6547	8801	1	3	7	7	47	547	547	1547	6547	94	95	VRAAAA	NANAAA	HHHHxx
+7417	8802	1	1	7	17	17	417	1417	2417	7417	34	35	HZAAAA	OANAAA	OOOOxx
+8641	8803	1	1	1	1	41	641	641	3641	8641	82	83	JUAAAA	PANAAA	VVVVxx
+149	8804	1	1	9	9	49	149	149	149	149	98	99	TFAAAA	QANAAA	AAAAxx
+5041	8805	1	1	1	1	41	41	1041	41	5041	82	83	XLAAAA	RANAAA	HHHHxx
+9232	8806	0	0	2	12	32	232	1232	4232	9232	64	65	CRAAAA	SANAAA	OOOOxx
+3603	8807	1	3	3	3	3	603	1603	3603	3603	6	7	PIAAAA	TANAAA	VVVVxx
+2792	8808	0	0	2	12	92	792	792	2792	2792	184	185	KDAAAA	UANAAA	AAAAxx
+6620	8809	0	0	0	0	20	620	620	1620	6620	40	41	QUAAAA	VANAAA	HHHHxx
+4000	8810	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4000	4000	0	1	WXAAAA	WANAAA	OOOOxx
+659	8811	1	3	9	19	59	659	659	659	659	118	119	JZAAAA	XANAAA	VVVVxx
+8174	8812	0	2	4	14	74	174	174	3174	8174	148	149	KCAAAA	YANAAA	AAAAxx
+4599	8813	1	3	9	19	99	599	599	4599	4599	198	199	XUAAAA	ZANAAA	HHHHxx
+7851	8814	1	3	1	11	51	851	1851	2851	7851	102	103	ZPAAAA	ABNAAA	OOOOxx
+6284	8815	0	0	4	4	84	284	284	1284	6284	168	169	SHAAAA	BBNAAA	VVVVxx
+7116	8816	0	0	6	16	16	116	1116	2116	7116	32	33	SNAAAA	CBNAAA	AAAAxx
+5595	8817	1	3	5	15	95	595	1595	595	5595	190	191	FHAAAA	DBNAAA	HHHHxx
+2903	8818	1	3	3	3	3	903	903	2903	2903	6	7	RHAAAA	EBNAAA	OOOOxx
+5948	8819	0	0	8	8	48	948	1948	948	5948	96	97	UUAAAA	FBNAAA	VVVVxx
+225	8820	1	1	5	5	25	225	225	225	225	50	51	RIAAAA	GBNAAA	AAAAxx
+524	8821	0	0	4	4	24	524	524	524	524	48	49	EUAAAA	HBNAAA	HHHHxx
+7639	8822	1	3	9	19	39	639	1639	2639	7639	78	79	VHAAAA	IBNAAA	OOOOxx
+7297	8823	1	1	7	17	97	297	1297	2297	7297	194	195	RUAAAA	JBNAAA	VVVVxx
+2606	8824	0	2	6	6	6	606	606	2606	2606	12	13	GWAAAA	KBNAAA	AAAAxx
+4771	8825	1	3	1	11	71	771	771	4771	4771	142	143	NBAAAA	LBNAAA	HHHHxx
+8162	8826	0	2	2	2	62	162	162	3162	8162	124	125	YBAAAA	MBNAAA	OOOOxx
+8999	8827	1	3	9	19	99	999	999	3999	8999	198	199	DIAAAA	NBNAAA	VVVVxx
+2309	8828	1	1	9	9	9	309	309	2309	2309	18	19	VKAAAA	OBNAAA	AAAAxx
+3594	8829	0	2	4	14	94	594	1594	3594	3594	188	189	GIAAAA	PBNAAA	HHHHxx
+6092	8830	0	0	2	12	92	92	92	1092	6092	184	185	IAAAAA	QBNAAA	OOOOxx
+7467	8831	1	3	7	7	67	467	1467	2467	7467	134	135	FBAAAA	RBNAAA	VVVVxx
+6986	8832	0	2	6	6	86	986	986	1986	6986	172	173	SIAAAA	SBNAAA	AAAAxx
+9898	8833	0	2	8	18	98	898	1898	4898	9898	196	197	SQAAAA	TBNAAA	HHHHxx
+9578	8834	0	2	8	18	78	578	1578	4578	9578	156	157	KEAAAA	UBNAAA	OOOOxx
+156	8835	0	0	6	16	56	156	156	156	156	112	113	AGAAAA	VBNAAA	VVVVxx
+5810	8836	0	2	0	10	10	810	1810	810	5810	20	21	MPAAAA	WBNAAA	AAAAxx
+790	8837	0	2	0	10	90	790	790	790	790	180	181	KEAAAA	XBNAAA	HHHHxx
+6840	8838	0	0	0	0	40	840	840	1840	6840	80	81	CDAAAA	YBNAAA	OOOOxx
+6725	8839	1	1	5	5	25	725	725	1725	6725	50	51	RYAAAA	ZBNAAA	VVVVxx
+5528	8840	0	0	8	8	28	528	1528	528	5528	56	57	QEAAAA	ACNAAA	AAAAxx
+4120	8841	0	0	0	0	20	120	120	4120	4120	40	41	MCAAAA	BCNAAA	HHHHxx
+6694	8842	0	2	4	14	94	694	694	1694	6694	188	189	MXAAAA	CCNAAA	OOOOxx
+3552	8843	0	0	2	12	52	552	1552	3552	3552	104	105	QGAAAA	DCNAAA	VVVVxx
+1478	8844	0	2	8	18	78	478	1478	1478	1478	156	157	WEAAAA	ECNAAA	AAAAxx
+8084	8845	0	0	4	4	84	84	84	3084	8084	168	169	YYAAAA	FCNAAA	HHHHxx
+7578	8846	0	2	8	18	78	578	1578	2578	7578	156	157	MFAAAA	GCNAAA	OOOOxx
+6314	8847	0	2	4	14	14	314	314	1314	6314	28	29	WIAAAA	HCNAAA	VVVVxx
+6123	8848	1	3	3	3	23	123	123	1123	6123	46	47	NBAAAA	ICNAAA	AAAAxx
+9443	8849	1	3	3	3	43	443	1443	4443	9443	86	87	FZAAAA	JCNAAA	HHHHxx
+9628	8850	0	0	8	8	28	628	1628	4628	9628	56	57	IGAAAA	KCNAAA	OOOOxx
+8508	8851	0	0	8	8	8	508	508	3508	8508	16	17	GPAAAA	LCNAAA	VVVVxx
+5552	8852	0	0	2	12	52	552	1552	552	5552	104	105	OFAAAA	MCNAAA	AAAAxx
+5327	8853	1	3	7	7	27	327	1327	327	5327	54	55	XWAAAA	NCNAAA	HHHHxx
+7771	8854	1	3	1	11	71	771	1771	2771	7771	142	143	XMAAAA	OCNAAA	OOOOxx
+8932	8855	0	0	2	12	32	932	932	3932	8932	64	65	OFAAAA	PCNAAA	VVVVxx
+3526	8856	0	2	6	6	26	526	1526	3526	3526	52	53	QFAAAA	QCNAAA	AAAAxx
+4340	8857	0	0	0	0	40	340	340	4340	4340	80	81	YKAAAA	RCNAAA	HHHHxx
+9419	8858	1	3	9	19	19	419	1419	4419	9419	38	39	HYAAAA	SCNAAA	OOOOxx
+8421	8859	1	1	1	1	21	421	421	3421	8421	42	43	XLAAAA	TCNAAA	VVVVxx
+7431	8860	1	3	1	11	31	431	1431	2431	7431	62	63	VZAAAA	UCNAAA	AAAAxx
+172	8861	0	0	2	12	72	172	172	172	172	144	145	QGAAAA	VCNAAA	HHHHxx
+3279	8862	1	3	9	19	79	279	1279	3279	3279	158	159	DWAAAA	WCNAAA	OOOOxx
+1508	8863	0	0	8	8	8	508	1508	1508	1508	16	17	AGAAAA	XCNAAA	VVVVxx
+7091	8864	1	3	1	11	91	91	1091	2091	7091	182	183	TMAAAA	YCNAAA	AAAAxx
+1419	8865	1	3	9	19	19	419	1419	1419	1419	38	39	PCAAAA	ZCNAAA	HHHHxx
+3032	8866	0	0	2	12	32	32	1032	3032	3032	64	65	QMAAAA	ADNAAA	OOOOxx
+8683	8867	1	3	3	3	83	683	683	3683	8683	166	167	ZVAAAA	BDNAAA	VVVVxx
+4763	8868	1	3	3	3	63	763	763	4763	4763	126	127	FBAAAA	CDNAAA	AAAAxx
+4424	8869	0	0	4	4	24	424	424	4424	4424	48	49	EOAAAA	DDNAAA	HHHHxx
+8640	8870	0	0	0	0	40	640	640	3640	8640	80	81	IUAAAA	EDNAAA	OOOOxx
+7187	8871	1	3	7	7	87	187	1187	2187	7187	174	175	LQAAAA	FDNAAA	VVVVxx
+6247	8872	1	3	7	7	47	247	247	1247	6247	94	95	HGAAAA	GDNAAA	AAAAxx
+7340	8873	0	0	0	0	40	340	1340	2340	7340	80	81	IWAAAA	HDNAAA	HHHHxx
+182	8874	0	2	2	2	82	182	182	182	182	164	165	AHAAAA	IDNAAA	OOOOxx
+2948	8875	0	0	8	8	48	948	948	2948	2948	96	97	KJAAAA	JDNAAA	VVVVxx
+9462	8876	0	2	2	2	62	462	1462	4462	9462	124	125	YZAAAA	KDNAAA	AAAAxx
+5997	8877	1	1	7	17	97	997	1997	997	5997	194	195	RWAAAA	LDNAAA	HHHHxx
+5608	8878	0	0	8	8	8	608	1608	608	5608	16	17	SHAAAA	MDNAAA	OOOOxx
+1472	8879	0	0	2	12	72	472	1472	1472	1472	144	145	QEAAAA	NDNAAA	VVVVxx
+277	8880	1	1	7	17	77	277	277	277	277	154	155	RKAAAA	ODNAAA	AAAAxx
+4807	8881	1	3	7	7	7	807	807	4807	4807	14	15	XCAAAA	PDNAAA	HHHHxx
+4969	8882	1	1	9	9	69	969	969	4969	4969	138	139	DJAAAA	QDNAAA	OOOOxx
+5611	8883	1	3	1	11	11	611	1611	611	5611	22	23	VHAAAA	RDNAAA	VVVVxx
+372	8884	0	0	2	12	72	372	372	372	372	144	145	IOAAAA	SDNAAA	AAAAxx
+6666	8885	0	2	6	6	66	666	666	1666	6666	132	133	KWAAAA	TDNAAA	HHHHxx
+476	8886	0	0	6	16	76	476	476	476	476	152	153	ISAAAA	UDNAAA	OOOOxx
+5225	8887	1	1	5	5	25	225	1225	225	5225	50	51	ZSAAAA	VDNAAA	VVVVxx
+5143	8888	1	3	3	3	43	143	1143	143	5143	86	87	VPAAAA	WDNAAA	AAAAxx
+1853	8889	1	1	3	13	53	853	1853	1853	1853	106	107	HTAAAA	XDNAAA	HHHHxx
+675	8890	1	3	5	15	75	675	675	675	675	150	151	ZZAAAA	YDNAAA	OOOOxx
+5643	8891	1	3	3	3	43	643	1643	643	5643	86	87	BJAAAA	ZDNAAA	VVVVxx
+5317	8892	1	1	7	17	17	317	1317	317	5317	34	35	NWAAAA	AENAAA	AAAAxx
+8102	8893	0	2	2	2	2	102	102	3102	8102	4	5	QZAAAA	BENAAA	HHHHxx
+978	8894	0	2	8	18	78	978	978	978	978	156	157	QLAAAA	CENAAA	OOOOxx
+4620	8895	0	0	0	0	20	620	620	4620	4620	40	41	SVAAAA	DENAAA	VVVVxx
+151	8896	1	3	1	11	51	151	151	151	151	102	103	VFAAAA	EENAAA	AAAAxx
+972	8897	0	0	2	12	72	972	972	972	972	144	145	KLAAAA	FENAAA	HHHHxx
+6820	8898	0	0	0	0	20	820	820	1820	6820	40	41	ICAAAA	GENAAA	OOOOxx
+7387	8899	1	3	7	7	87	387	1387	2387	7387	174	175	DYAAAA	HENAAA	VVVVxx
+9634	8900	0	2	4	14	34	634	1634	4634	9634	68	69	OGAAAA	IENAAA	AAAAxx
+6308	8901	0	0	8	8	8	308	308	1308	6308	16	17	QIAAAA	JENAAA	HHHHxx
+8323	8902	1	3	3	3	23	323	323	3323	8323	46	47	DIAAAA	KENAAA	OOOOxx
+6672	8903	0	0	2	12	72	672	672	1672	6672	144	145	QWAAAA	LENAAA	VVVVxx
+8283	8904	1	3	3	3	83	283	283	3283	8283	166	167	PGAAAA	MENAAA	AAAAxx
+7996	8905	0	0	6	16	96	996	1996	2996	7996	192	193	OVAAAA	NENAAA	HHHHxx
+6488	8906	0	0	8	8	88	488	488	1488	6488	176	177	OPAAAA	OENAAA	OOOOxx
+2365	8907	1	1	5	5	65	365	365	2365	2365	130	131	ZMAAAA	PENAAA	VVVVxx
+9746	8908	0	2	6	6	46	746	1746	4746	9746	92	93	WKAAAA	QENAAA	AAAAxx
+8605	8909	1	1	5	5	5	605	605	3605	8605	10	11	ZSAAAA	RENAAA	HHHHxx
+3342	8910	0	2	2	2	42	342	1342	3342	3342	84	85	OYAAAA	SENAAA	OOOOxx
+8429	8911	1	1	9	9	29	429	429	3429	8429	58	59	FMAAAA	TENAAA	VVVVxx
+1162	8912	0	2	2	2	62	162	1162	1162	1162	124	125	SSAAAA	UENAAA	AAAAxx
+531	8913	1	3	1	11	31	531	531	531	531	62	63	LUAAAA	VENAAA	HHHHxx
+8408	8914	0	0	8	8	8	408	408	3408	8408	16	17	KLAAAA	WENAAA	OOOOxx
+8862	8915	0	2	2	2	62	862	862	3862	8862	124	125	WCAAAA	XENAAA	VVVVxx
+5843	8916	1	3	3	3	43	843	1843	843	5843	86	87	TQAAAA	YENAAA	AAAAxx
+8704	8917	0	0	4	4	4	704	704	3704	8704	8	9	UWAAAA	ZENAAA	HHHHxx
+7070	8918	0	2	0	10	70	70	1070	2070	7070	140	141	YLAAAA	AFNAAA	OOOOxx
+9119	8919	1	3	9	19	19	119	1119	4119	9119	38	39	TMAAAA	BFNAAA	VVVVxx
+8344	8920	0	0	4	4	44	344	344	3344	8344	88	89	YIAAAA	CFNAAA	AAAAxx
+8979	8921	1	3	9	19	79	979	979	3979	8979	158	159	JHAAAA	DFNAAA	HHHHxx
+2971	8922	1	3	1	11	71	971	971	2971	2971	142	143	HKAAAA	EFNAAA	OOOOxx
+7700	8923	0	0	0	0	0	700	1700	2700	7700	0	1	EKAAAA	FFNAAA	VVVVxx
+8280	8924	0	0	0	0	80	280	280	3280	8280	160	161	MGAAAA	GFNAAA	AAAAxx
+9096	8925	0	0	6	16	96	96	1096	4096	9096	192	193	WLAAAA	HFNAAA	HHHHxx
+99	8926	1	3	9	19	99	99	99	99	99	198	199	VDAAAA	IFNAAA	OOOOxx
+6696	8927	0	0	6	16	96	696	696	1696	6696	192	193	OXAAAA	JFNAAA	VVVVxx
+9490	8928	0	2	0	10	90	490	1490	4490	9490	180	181	ABAAAA	KFNAAA	AAAAxx
+9073	8929	1	1	3	13	73	73	1073	4073	9073	146	147	ZKAAAA	LFNAAA	HHHHxx
+1861	8930	1	1	1	1	61	861	1861	1861	1861	122	123	PTAAAA	MFNAAA	OOOOxx
+4413	8931	1	1	3	13	13	413	413	4413	4413	26	27	TNAAAA	NFNAAA	VVVVxx
+6002	8932	0	2	2	2	2	2	2	1002	6002	4	5	WWAAAA	OFNAAA	AAAAxx
+439	8933	1	3	9	19	39	439	439	439	439	78	79	XQAAAA	PFNAAA	HHHHxx
+5449	8934	1	1	9	9	49	449	1449	449	5449	98	99	PBAAAA	QFNAAA	OOOOxx
+9737	8935	1	1	7	17	37	737	1737	4737	9737	74	75	NKAAAA	RFNAAA	VVVVxx
+1898	8936	0	2	8	18	98	898	1898	1898	1898	196	197	AVAAAA	SFNAAA	AAAAxx
+4189	8937	1	1	9	9	89	189	189	4189	4189	178	179	DFAAAA	TFNAAA	HHHHxx
+1408	8938	0	0	8	8	8	408	1408	1408	1408	16	17	ECAAAA	UFNAAA	OOOOxx
+394	8939	0	2	4	14	94	394	394	394	394	188	189	EPAAAA	VFNAAA	VVVVxx
+1935	8940	1	3	5	15	35	935	1935	1935	1935	70	71	LWAAAA	WFNAAA	AAAAxx
+3965	8941	1	1	5	5	65	965	1965	3965	3965	130	131	NWAAAA	XFNAAA	HHHHxx
+6821	8942	1	1	1	1	21	821	821	1821	6821	42	43	JCAAAA	YFNAAA	OOOOxx
+349	8943	1	1	9	9	49	349	349	349	349	98	99	LNAAAA	ZFNAAA	VVVVxx
+8428	8944	0	0	8	8	28	428	428	3428	8428	56	57	EMAAAA	AGNAAA	AAAAxx
+8200	8945	0	0	0	0	0	200	200	3200	8200	0	1	KDAAAA	BGNAAA	HHHHxx
+1737	8946	1	1	7	17	37	737	1737	1737	1737	74	75	VOAAAA	CGNAAA	OOOOxx
+6516	8947	0	0	6	16	16	516	516	1516	6516	32	33	QQAAAA	DGNAAA	VVVVxx
+5441	8948	1	1	1	1	41	441	1441	441	5441	82	83	HBAAAA	EGNAAA	AAAAxx
+5999	8949	1	3	9	19	99	999	1999	999	5999	198	199	TWAAAA	FGNAAA	HHHHxx
+1539	8950	1	3	9	19	39	539	1539	1539	1539	78	79	FHAAAA	GGNAAA	OOOOxx
+9067	8951	1	3	7	7	67	67	1067	4067	9067	134	135	TKAAAA	HGNAAA	VVVVxx
+4061	8952	1	1	1	1	61	61	61	4061	4061	122	123	FAAAAA	IGNAAA	AAAAxx
+1642	8953	0	2	2	2	42	642	1642	1642	1642	84	85	ELAAAA	JGNAAA	HHHHxx
+4657	8954	1	1	7	17	57	657	657	4657	4657	114	115	DXAAAA	KGNAAA	OOOOxx
+9934	8955	0	2	4	14	34	934	1934	4934	9934	68	69	CSAAAA	LGNAAA	VVVVxx
+6385	8956	1	1	5	5	85	385	385	1385	6385	170	171	PLAAAA	MGNAAA	AAAAxx
+6775	8957	1	3	5	15	75	775	775	1775	6775	150	151	PAAAAA	NGNAAA	HHHHxx
+3873	8958	1	1	3	13	73	873	1873	3873	3873	146	147	ZSAAAA	OGNAAA	OOOOxx
+3862	8959	0	2	2	2	62	862	1862	3862	3862	124	125	OSAAAA	PGNAAA	VVVVxx
+1224	8960	0	0	4	4	24	224	1224	1224	1224	48	49	CVAAAA	QGNAAA	AAAAxx
+4483	8961	1	3	3	3	83	483	483	4483	4483	166	167	LQAAAA	RGNAAA	HHHHxx
+3685	8962	1	1	5	5	85	685	1685	3685	3685	170	171	TLAAAA	SGNAAA	OOOOxx
+6082	8963	0	2	2	2	82	82	82	1082	6082	164	165	YZAAAA	TGNAAA	VVVVxx
+7798	8964	0	2	8	18	98	798	1798	2798	7798	196	197	YNAAAA	UGNAAA	AAAAxx
+9039	8965	1	3	9	19	39	39	1039	4039	9039	78	79	RJAAAA	VGNAAA	HHHHxx
+985	8966	1	1	5	5	85	985	985	985	985	170	171	XLAAAA	WGNAAA	OOOOxx
+5389	8967	1	1	9	9	89	389	1389	389	5389	178	179	HZAAAA	XGNAAA	VVVVxx
+1716	8968	0	0	6	16	16	716	1716	1716	1716	32	33	AOAAAA	YGNAAA	AAAAxx
+4209	8969	1	1	9	9	9	209	209	4209	4209	18	19	XFAAAA	ZGNAAA	HHHHxx
+746	8970	0	2	6	6	46	746	746	746	746	92	93	SCAAAA	AHNAAA	OOOOxx
+6295	8971	1	3	5	15	95	295	295	1295	6295	190	191	DIAAAA	BHNAAA	VVVVxx
+9754	8972	0	2	4	14	54	754	1754	4754	9754	108	109	ELAAAA	CHNAAA	AAAAxx
+2336	8973	0	0	6	16	36	336	336	2336	2336	72	73	WLAAAA	DHNAAA	HHHHxx
+3701	8974	1	1	1	1	1	701	1701	3701	3701	2	3	JMAAAA	EHNAAA	OOOOxx
+3551	8975	1	3	1	11	51	551	1551	3551	3551	102	103	PGAAAA	FHNAAA	VVVVxx
+8516	8976	0	0	6	16	16	516	516	3516	8516	32	33	OPAAAA	GHNAAA	AAAAxx
+9290	8977	0	2	0	10	90	290	1290	4290	9290	180	181	ITAAAA	HHNAAA	HHHHxx
+5686	8978	0	2	6	6	86	686	1686	686	5686	172	173	SKAAAA	IHNAAA	OOOOxx
+2893	8979	1	1	3	13	93	893	893	2893	2893	186	187	HHAAAA	JHNAAA	VVVVxx
+6279	8980	1	3	9	19	79	279	279	1279	6279	158	159	NHAAAA	KHNAAA	AAAAxx
+2278	8981	0	2	8	18	78	278	278	2278	2278	156	157	QJAAAA	LHNAAA	HHHHxx
+1618	8982	0	2	8	18	18	618	1618	1618	1618	36	37	GKAAAA	MHNAAA	OOOOxx
+3450	8983	0	2	0	10	50	450	1450	3450	3450	100	101	SCAAAA	NHNAAA	VVVVxx
+8857	8984	1	1	7	17	57	857	857	3857	8857	114	115	RCAAAA	OHNAAA	AAAAxx
+1005	8985	1	1	5	5	5	5	1005	1005	1005	10	11	RMAAAA	PHNAAA	HHHHxx
+4727	8986	1	3	7	7	27	727	727	4727	4727	54	55	VZAAAA	QHNAAA	OOOOxx
+7617	8987	1	1	7	17	17	617	1617	2617	7617	34	35	ZGAAAA	RHNAAA	VVVVxx
+2021	8988	1	1	1	1	21	21	21	2021	2021	42	43	TZAAAA	SHNAAA	AAAAxx
+9124	8989	0	0	4	4	24	124	1124	4124	9124	48	49	YMAAAA	THNAAA	HHHHxx
+3175	8990	1	3	5	15	75	175	1175	3175	3175	150	151	DSAAAA	UHNAAA	OOOOxx
+2949	8991	1	1	9	9	49	949	949	2949	2949	98	99	LJAAAA	VHNAAA	VVVVxx
+2424	8992	0	0	4	4	24	424	424	2424	2424	48	49	GPAAAA	WHNAAA	AAAAxx
+4791	8993	1	3	1	11	91	791	791	4791	4791	182	183	HCAAAA	XHNAAA	HHHHxx
+7500	8994	0	0	0	0	0	500	1500	2500	7500	0	1	MCAAAA	YHNAAA	OOOOxx
+4893	8995	1	1	3	13	93	893	893	4893	4893	186	187	FGAAAA	ZHNAAA	VVVVxx
+121	8996	1	1	1	1	21	121	121	121	121	42	43	REAAAA	AINAAA	AAAAxx
+1965	8997	1	1	5	5	65	965	1965	1965	1965	130	131	PXAAAA	BINAAA	HHHHxx
+2972	8998	0	0	2	12	72	972	972	2972	2972	144	145	IKAAAA	CINAAA	OOOOxx
+662	8999	0	2	2	2	62	662	662	662	662	124	125	MZAAAA	DINAAA	VVVVxx
+7074	9000	0	2	4	14	74	74	1074	2074	7074	148	149	CMAAAA	EINAAA	AAAAxx
+981	9001	1	1	1	1	81	981	981	981	981	162	163	TLAAAA	FINAAA	HHHHxx
+3520	9002	0	0	0	0	20	520	1520	3520	3520	40	41	KFAAAA	GINAAA	OOOOxx
+6540	9003	0	0	0	0	40	540	540	1540	6540	80	81	ORAAAA	HINAAA	VVVVxx
+6648	9004	0	0	8	8	48	648	648	1648	6648	96	97	SVAAAA	IINAAA	AAAAxx
+7076	9005	0	0	6	16	76	76	1076	2076	7076	152	153	EMAAAA	JINAAA	HHHHxx
+6919	9006	1	3	9	19	19	919	919	1919	6919	38	39	DGAAAA	KINAAA	OOOOxx
+1108	9007	0	0	8	8	8	108	1108	1108	1108	16	17	QQAAAA	LINAAA	VVVVxx
+317	9008	1	1	7	17	17	317	317	317	317	34	35	FMAAAA	MINAAA	AAAAxx
+3483	9009	1	3	3	3	83	483	1483	3483	3483	166	167	ZDAAAA	NINAAA	HHHHxx
+6764	9010	0	0	4	4	64	764	764	1764	6764	128	129	EAAAAA	OINAAA	OOOOxx
+1235	9011	1	3	5	15	35	235	1235	1235	1235	70	71	NVAAAA	PINAAA	VVVVxx
+7121	9012	1	1	1	1	21	121	1121	2121	7121	42	43	XNAAAA	QINAAA	AAAAxx
+426	9013	0	2	6	6	26	426	426	426	426	52	53	KQAAAA	RINAAA	HHHHxx
+6880	9014	0	0	0	0	80	880	880	1880	6880	160	161	QEAAAA	SINAAA	OOOOxx
+5401	9015	1	1	1	1	1	401	1401	401	5401	2	3	TZAAAA	TINAAA	VVVVxx
+7323	9016	1	3	3	3	23	323	1323	2323	7323	46	47	RVAAAA	UINAAA	AAAAxx
+9751	9017	1	3	1	11	51	751	1751	4751	9751	102	103	BLAAAA	VINAAA	HHHHxx
+3436	9018	0	0	6	16	36	436	1436	3436	3436	72	73	ECAAAA	WINAAA	OOOOxx
+7319	9019	1	3	9	19	19	319	1319	2319	7319	38	39	NVAAAA	XINAAA	VVVVxx
+7882	9020	0	2	2	2	82	882	1882	2882	7882	164	165	ERAAAA	YINAAA	AAAAxx
+8260	9021	0	0	0	0	60	260	260	3260	8260	120	121	SFAAAA	ZINAAA	HHHHxx
+9758	9022	0	2	8	18	58	758	1758	4758	9758	116	117	ILAAAA	AJNAAA	OOOOxx
+4205	9023	1	1	5	5	5	205	205	4205	4205	10	11	TFAAAA	BJNAAA	VVVVxx
+8884	9024	0	0	4	4	84	884	884	3884	8884	168	169	SDAAAA	CJNAAA	AAAAxx
+1112	9025	0	0	2	12	12	112	1112	1112	1112	24	25	UQAAAA	DJNAAA	HHHHxx
+2186	9026	0	2	6	6	86	186	186	2186	2186	172	173	CGAAAA	EJNAAA	OOOOxx
+8666	9027	0	2	6	6	66	666	666	3666	8666	132	133	IVAAAA	FJNAAA	VVVVxx
+4325	9028	1	1	5	5	25	325	325	4325	4325	50	51	JKAAAA	GJNAAA	AAAAxx
+4912	9029	0	0	2	12	12	912	912	4912	4912	24	25	YGAAAA	HJNAAA	HHHHxx
+6497	9030	1	1	7	17	97	497	497	1497	6497	194	195	XPAAAA	IJNAAA	OOOOxx
+9072	9031	0	0	2	12	72	72	1072	4072	9072	144	145	YKAAAA	JJNAAA	VVVVxx
+8899	9032	1	3	9	19	99	899	899	3899	8899	198	199	HEAAAA	KJNAAA	AAAAxx
+5619	9033	1	3	9	19	19	619	1619	619	5619	38	39	DIAAAA	LJNAAA	HHHHxx
+4110	9034	0	2	0	10	10	110	110	4110	4110	20	21	CCAAAA	MJNAAA	OOOOxx
+7025	9035	1	1	5	5	25	25	1025	2025	7025	50	51	FKAAAA	NJNAAA	VVVVxx
+5605	9036	1	1	5	5	5	605	1605	605	5605	10	11	PHAAAA	OJNAAA	AAAAxx
+2572	9037	0	0	2	12	72	572	572	2572	2572	144	145	YUAAAA	PJNAAA	HHHHxx
+3895	9038	1	3	5	15	95	895	1895	3895	3895	190	191	VTAAAA	QJNAAA	OOOOxx
+9138	9039	0	2	8	18	38	138	1138	4138	9138	76	77	MNAAAA	RJNAAA	VVVVxx
+4713	9040	1	1	3	13	13	713	713	4713	4713	26	27	HZAAAA	SJNAAA	AAAAxx
+6079	9041	1	3	9	19	79	79	79	1079	6079	158	159	VZAAAA	TJNAAA	HHHHxx
+8898	9042	0	2	8	18	98	898	898	3898	8898	196	197	GEAAAA	UJNAAA	OOOOxx
+2650	9043	0	2	0	10	50	650	650	2650	2650	100	101	YXAAAA	VJNAAA	VVVVxx
+5316	9044	0	0	6	16	16	316	1316	316	5316	32	33	MWAAAA	WJNAAA	AAAAxx
+5133	9045	1	1	3	13	33	133	1133	133	5133	66	67	LPAAAA	XJNAAA	HHHHxx
+2184	9046	0	0	4	4	84	184	184	2184	2184	168	169	AGAAAA	YJNAAA	OOOOxx
+2728	9047	0	0	8	8	28	728	728	2728	2728	56	57	YAAAAA	ZJNAAA	VVVVxx
+6737	9048	1	1	7	17	37	737	737	1737	6737	74	75	DZAAAA	AKNAAA	AAAAxx
+1128	9049	0	0	8	8	28	128	1128	1128	1128	56	57	KRAAAA	BKNAAA	HHHHxx
+9662	9050	0	2	2	2	62	662	1662	4662	9662	124	125	QHAAAA	CKNAAA	OOOOxx
+9384	9051	0	0	4	4	84	384	1384	4384	9384	168	169	YWAAAA	DKNAAA	VVVVxx
+4576	9052	0	0	6	16	76	576	576	4576	4576	152	153	AUAAAA	EKNAAA	AAAAxx
+9613	9053	1	1	3	13	13	613	1613	4613	9613	26	27	TFAAAA	FKNAAA	HHHHxx
+4001	9054	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	4001	4001	2	3	XXAAAA	GKNAAA	OOOOxx
+3628	9055	0	0	8	8	28	628	1628	3628	3628	56	57	OJAAAA	HKNAAA	VVVVxx
+6968	9056	0	0	8	8	68	968	968	1968	6968	136	137	AIAAAA	IKNAAA	AAAAxx
+6491	9057	1	3	1	11	91	491	491	1491	6491	182	183	RPAAAA	JKNAAA	HHHHxx
+1265	9058	1	1	5	5	65	265	1265	1265	1265	130	131	RWAAAA	KKNAAA	OOOOxx
+6128	9059	0	0	8	8	28	128	128	1128	6128	56	57	SBAAAA	LKNAAA	VVVVxx
+4274	9060	0	2	4	14	74	274	274	4274	4274	148	149	KIAAAA	MKNAAA	AAAAxx
+3598	9061	0	2	8	18	98	598	1598	3598	3598	196	197	KIAAAA	NKNAAA	HHHHxx
+7961	9062	1	1	1	1	61	961	1961	2961	7961	122	123	FUAAAA	OKNAAA	OOOOxx
+2643	9063	1	3	3	3	43	643	643	2643	2643	86	87	RXAAAA	PKNAAA	VVVVxx
+4547	9064	1	3	7	7	47	547	547	4547	4547	94	95	XSAAAA	QKNAAA	AAAAxx
+3568	9065	0	0	8	8	68	568	1568	3568	3568	136	137	GHAAAA	RKNAAA	HHHHxx
+8954	9066	0	2	4	14	54	954	954	3954	8954	108	109	KGAAAA	SKNAAA	OOOOxx
+8802	9067	0	2	2	2	2	802	802	3802	8802	4	5	OAAAAA	TKNAAA	VVVVxx
+7829	9068	1	1	9	9	29	829	1829	2829	7829	58	59	DPAAAA	UKNAAA	AAAAxx
+1008	9069	0	0	8	8	8	8	1008	1008	1008	16	17	UMAAAA	VKNAAA	HHHHxx
+3627	9070	1	3	7	7	27	627	1627	3627	3627	54	55	NJAAAA	WKNAAA	OOOOxx
+3999	9071	1	3	9	19	99	999	1999	3999	3999	198	199	VXAAAA	XKNAAA	VVVVxx
+7697	9072	1	1	7	17	97	697	1697	2697	7697	194	195	BKAAAA	YKNAAA	AAAAxx
+9380	9073	0	0	0	0	80	380	1380	4380	9380	160	161	UWAAAA	ZKNAAA	HHHHxx
+2707	9074	1	3	7	7	7	707	707	2707	2707	14	15	DAAAAA	ALNAAA	OOOOxx
+4430	9075	0	2	0	10	30	430	430	4430	4430	60	61	KOAAAA	BLNAAA	VVVVxx
+6440	9076	0	0	0	0	40	440	440	1440	6440	80	81	SNAAAA	CLNAAA	AAAAxx
+9958	9077	0	2	8	18	58	958	1958	4958	9958	116	117	ATAAAA	DLNAAA	HHHHxx
+7592	9078	0	0	2	12	92	592	1592	2592	7592	184	185	AGAAAA	ELNAAA	OOOOxx
+7852	9079	0	0	2	12	52	852	1852	2852	7852	104	105	AQAAAA	FLNAAA	VVVVxx
+9253	9080	1	1	3	13	53	253	1253	4253	9253	106	107	XRAAAA	GLNAAA	AAAAxx
+5910	9081	0	2	0	10	10	910	1910	910	5910	20	21	ITAAAA	HLNAAA	HHHHxx
+7487	9082	1	3	7	7	87	487	1487	2487	7487	174	175	ZBAAAA	ILNAAA	OOOOxx
+6324	9083	0	0	4	4	24	324	324	1324	6324	48	49	GJAAAA	JLNAAA	VVVVxx
+5792	9084	0	0	2	12	92	792	1792	792	5792	184	185	UOAAAA	KLNAAA	AAAAxx
+7390	9085	0	2	0	10	90	390	1390	2390	7390	180	181	GYAAAA	LLNAAA	HHHHxx
+8534	9086	0	2	4	14	34	534	534	3534	8534	68	69	GQAAAA	MLNAAA	OOOOxx
+2690	9087	0	2	0	10	90	690	690	2690	2690	180	181	MZAAAA	NLNAAA	VVVVxx
+3992	9088	0	0	2	12	92	992	1992	3992	3992	184	185	OXAAAA	OLNAAA	AAAAxx
+6928	9089	0	0	8	8	28	928	928	1928	6928	56	57	MGAAAA	PLNAAA	HHHHxx
+7815	9090	1	3	5	15	15	815	1815	2815	7815	30	31	POAAAA	QLNAAA	OOOOxx
+9477	9091	1	1	7	17	77	477	1477	4477	9477	154	155	NAAAAA	RLNAAA	VVVVxx
+497	9092	1	1	7	17	97	497	497	497	497	194	195	DTAAAA	SLNAAA	AAAAxx
+7532	9093	0	0	2	12	32	532	1532	2532	7532	64	65	SDAAAA	TLNAAA	HHHHxx
+9838	9094	0	2	8	18	38	838	1838	4838	9838	76	77	KOAAAA	ULNAAA	OOOOxx
+1557	9095	1	1	7	17	57	557	1557	1557	1557	114	115	XHAAAA	VLNAAA	VVVVxx
+2467	9096	1	3	7	7	67	467	467	2467	2467	134	135	XQAAAA	WLNAAA	AAAAxx
+2367	9097	1	3	7	7	67	367	367	2367	2367	134	135	BNAAAA	XLNAAA	HHHHxx
+5677	9098	1	1	7	17	77	677	1677	677	5677	154	155	JKAAAA	YLNAAA	OOOOxx
+6193	9099	1	1	3	13	93	193	193	1193	6193	186	187	FEAAAA	ZLNAAA	VVVVxx
+7126	9100	0	2	6	6	26	126	1126	2126	7126	52	53	COAAAA	AMNAAA	AAAAxx
+5264	9101	0	0	4	4	64	264	1264	264	5264	128	129	MUAAAA	BMNAAA	HHHHxx
+850	9102	0	2	0	10	50	850	850	850	850	100	101	SGAAAA	CMNAAA	OOOOxx
+4854	9103	0	2	4	14	54	854	854	4854	4854	108	109	SEAAAA	DMNAAA	VVVVxx
+4414	9104	0	2	4	14	14	414	414	4414	4414	28	29	UNAAAA	EMNAAA	AAAAxx
+8971	9105	1	3	1	11	71	971	971	3971	8971	142	143	BHAAAA	FMNAAA	HHHHxx
+9240	9106	0	0	0	0	40	240	1240	4240	9240	80	81	KRAAAA	GMNAAA	OOOOxx
+7341	9107	1	1	1	1	41	341	1341	2341	7341	82	83	JWAAAA	HMNAAA	VVVVxx
+3151	9108	1	3	1	11	51	151	1151	3151	3151	102	103	FRAAAA	IMNAAA	AAAAxx
+1742	9109	0	2	2	2	42	742	1742	1742	1742	84	85	APAAAA	JMNAAA	HHHHxx
+1347	9110	1	3	7	7	47	347	1347	1347	1347	94	95	VZAAAA	KMNAAA	OOOOxx
+9418	9111	0	2	8	18	18	418	1418	4418	9418	36	37	GYAAAA	LMNAAA	VVVVxx
+5452	9112	0	0	2	12	52	452	1452	452	5452	104	105	SBAAAA	MMNAAA	AAAAxx
+8637	9113	1	1	7	17	37	637	637	3637	8637	74	75	FUAAAA	NMNAAA	HHHHxx
+8287	9114	1	3	7	7	87	287	287	3287	8287	174	175	TGAAAA	OMNAAA	OOOOxx
+9865	9115	1	1	5	5	65	865	1865	4865	9865	130	131	LPAAAA	PMNAAA	VVVVxx
+1664	9116	0	0	4	4	64	664	1664	1664	1664	128	129	AMAAAA	QMNAAA	AAAAxx
+9933	9117	1	1	3	13	33	933	1933	4933	9933	66	67	BSAAAA	RMNAAA	HHHHxx
+3416	9118	0	0	6	16	16	416	1416	3416	3416	32	33	KBAAAA	SMNAAA	OOOOxx
+7981	9119	1	1	1	1	81	981	1981	2981	7981	162	163	ZUAAAA	TMNAAA	VVVVxx
+1981	9120	1	1	1	1	81	981	1981	1981	1981	162	163	FYAAAA	UMNAAA	AAAAxx
+441	9121	1	1	1	1	41	441	441	441	441	82	83	ZQAAAA	VMNAAA	HHHHxx
+1380	9122	0	0	0	0	80	380	1380	1380	1380	160	161	CBAAAA	WMNAAA	OOOOxx
+7325	9123	1	1	5	5	25	325	1325	2325	7325	50	51	TVAAAA	XMNAAA	VVVVxx
+5682	9124	0	2	2	2	82	682	1682	682	5682	164	165	OKAAAA	YMNAAA	AAAAxx
+1024	9125	0	0	4	4	24	24	1024	1024	1024	48	49	KNAAAA	ZMNAAA	HHHHxx
+1096	9126	0	0	6	16	96	96	1096	1096	1096	192	193	EQAAAA	ANNAAA	OOOOxx
+4717	9127	1	1	7	17	17	717	717	4717	4717	34	35	LZAAAA	BNNAAA	VVVVxx
+7948	9128	0	0	8	8	48	948	1948	2948	7948	96	97	STAAAA	CNNAAA	AAAAxx
+4074	9129	0	2	4	14	74	74	74	4074	4074	148	149	SAAAAA	DNNAAA	HHHHxx
+211	9130	1	3	1	11	11	211	211	211	211	22	23	DIAAAA	ENNAAA	OOOOxx
+8993	9131	1	1	3	13	93	993	993	3993	8993	186	187	XHAAAA	FNNAAA	VVVVxx
+4509	9132	1	1	9	9	9	509	509	4509	4509	18	19	LRAAAA	GNNAAA	AAAAxx
+823	9133	1	3	3	3	23	823	823	823	823	46	47	RFAAAA	HNNAAA	HHHHxx
+4747	9134	1	3	7	7	47	747	747	4747	4747	94	95	PAAAAA	INNAAA	OOOOxx
+6955	9135	1	3	5	15	55	955	955	1955	6955	110	111	NHAAAA	JNNAAA	VVVVxx
+7922	9136	0	2	2	2	22	922	1922	2922	7922	44	45	SSAAAA	KNNAAA	AAAAxx
+6936	9137	0	0	6	16	36	936	936	1936	6936	72	73	UGAAAA	LNNAAA	HHHHxx
+1546	9138	0	2	6	6	46	546	1546	1546	1546	92	93	MHAAAA	MNNAAA	OOOOxx
+9836	9139	0	0	6	16	36	836	1836	4836	9836	72	73	IOAAAA	NNNAAA	VVVVxx
+5626	9140	0	2	6	6	26	626	1626	626	5626	52	53	KIAAAA	ONNAAA	AAAAxx
+4879	9141	1	3	9	19	79	879	879	4879	4879	158	159	RFAAAA	PNNAAA	HHHHxx
+8590	9142	0	2	0	10	90	590	590	3590	8590	180	181	KSAAAA	QNNAAA	OOOOxx
+8842	9143	0	2	2	2	42	842	842	3842	8842	84	85	CCAAAA	RNNAAA	VVVVxx
+6505	9144	1	1	5	5	5	505	505	1505	6505	10	11	FQAAAA	SNNAAA	AAAAxx
+2803	9145	1	3	3	3	3	803	803	2803	2803	6	7	VDAAAA	TNNAAA	HHHHxx
+9258	9146	0	2	8	18	58	258	1258	4258	9258	116	117	CSAAAA	UNNAAA	OOOOxx
+741	9147	1	1	1	1	41	741	741	741	741	82	83	NCAAAA	VNNAAA	VVVVxx
+1457	9148	1	1	7	17	57	457	1457	1457	1457	114	115	BEAAAA	WNNAAA	AAAAxx
+5777	9149	1	1	7	17	77	777	1777	777	5777	154	155	FOAAAA	XNNAAA	HHHHxx
+2883	9150	1	3	3	3	83	883	883	2883	2883	166	167	XGAAAA	YNNAAA	OOOOxx
+6610	9151	0	2	0	10	10	610	610	1610	6610	20	21	GUAAAA	ZNNAAA	VVVVxx
+4331	9152	1	3	1	11	31	331	331	4331	4331	62	63	PKAAAA	AONAAA	AAAAxx
+2712	9153	0	0	2	12	12	712	712	2712	2712	24	25	IAAAAA	BONAAA	HHHHxx
+9268	9154	0	0	8	8	68	268	1268	4268	9268	136	137	MSAAAA	CONAAA	OOOOxx
+410	9155	0	2	0	10	10	410	410	410	410	20	21	UPAAAA	DONAAA	VVVVxx
+9411	9156	1	3	1	11	11	411	1411	4411	9411	22	23	ZXAAAA	EONAAA	AAAAxx
+4683	9157	1	3	3	3	83	683	683	4683	4683	166	167	DYAAAA	FONAAA	HHHHxx
+7072	9158	0	0	2	12	72	72	1072	2072	7072	144	145	AMAAAA	GONAAA	OOOOxx
+5050	9159	0	2	0	10	50	50	1050	50	5050	100	101	GMAAAA	HONAAA	VVVVxx
+5932	9160	0	0	2	12	32	932	1932	932	5932	64	65	EUAAAA	IONAAA	AAAAxx
+2756	9161	0	0	6	16	56	756	756	2756	2756	112	113	ACAAAA	JONAAA	HHHHxx
+9813	9162	1	1	3	13	13	813	1813	4813	9813	26	27	LNAAAA	KONAAA	OOOOxx
+7388	9163	0	0	8	8	88	388	1388	2388	7388	176	177	EYAAAA	LONAAA	VVVVxx
+2596	9164	0	0	6	16	96	596	596	2596	2596	192	193	WVAAAA	MONAAA	AAAAxx
+5102	9165	0	2	2	2	2	102	1102	102	5102	4	5	GOAAAA	NONAAA	HHHHxx
+208	9166	0	0	8	8	8	208	208	208	208	16	17	AIAAAA	OONAAA	OOOOxx
+86	9167	0	2	6	6	86	86	86	86	86	172	173	IDAAAA	PONAAA	VVVVxx
+8127	9168	1	3	7	7	27	127	127	3127	8127	54	55	PAAAAA	QONAAA	AAAAxx
+5154	9169	0	2	4	14	54	154	1154	154	5154	108	109	GQAAAA	RONAAA	HHHHxx
+4491	9170	1	3	1	11	91	491	491	4491	4491	182	183	TQAAAA	SONAAA	OOOOxx
+7423	9171	1	3	3	3	23	423	1423	2423	7423	46	47	NZAAAA	TONAAA	VVVVxx
+6441	9172	1	1	1	1	41	441	441	1441	6441	82	83	TNAAAA	UONAAA	AAAAxx
+2920	9173	0	0	0	0	20	920	920	2920	2920	40	41	IIAAAA	VONAAA	HHHHxx
+6386	9174	0	2	6	6	86	386	386	1386	6386	172	173	QLAAAA	WONAAA	OOOOxx
+9744	9175	0	0	4	4	44	744	1744	4744	9744	88	89	UKAAAA	XONAAA	VVVVxx
+2667	9176	1	3	7	7	67	667	667	2667	2667	134	135	PYAAAA	YONAAA	AAAAxx
+5754	9177	0	2	4	14	54	754	1754	754	5754	108	109	INAAAA	ZONAAA	HHHHxx
+4645	9178	1	1	5	5	45	645	645	4645	4645	90	91	RWAAAA	APNAAA	OOOOxx
+4327	9179	1	3	7	7	27	327	327	4327	4327	54	55	LKAAAA	BPNAAA	VVVVxx
+843	9180	1	3	3	3	43	843	843	843	843	86	87	LGAAAA	CPNAAA	AAAAxx
+4085	9181	1	1	5	5	85	85	85	4085	4085	170	171	DBAAAA	DPNAAA	HHHHxx
+2849	9182	1	1	9	9	49	849	849	2849	2849	98	99	PFAAAA	EPNAAA	OOOOxx
+5734	9183	0	2	4	14	34	734	1734	734	5734	68	69	OMAAAA	FPNAAA	VVVVxx
+5307	9184	1	3	7	7	7	307	1307	307	5307	14	15	DWAAAA	GPNAAA	AAAAxx
+8433	9185	1	1	3	13	33	433	433	3433	8433	66	67	JMAAAA	HPNAAA	HHHHxx
+3031	9186	1	3	1	11	31	31	1031	3031	3031	62	63	PMAAAA	IPNAAA	OOOOxx
+5714	9187	0	2	4	14	14	714	1714	714	5714	28	29	ULAAAA	JPNAAA	VVVVxx
+5969	9188	1	1	9	9	69	969	1969	969	5969	138	139	PVAAAA	KPNAAA	AAAAxx
+2532	9189	0	0	2	12	32	532	532	2532	2532	64	65	KTAAAA	LPNAAA	HHHHxx
+5219	9190	1	3	9	19	19	219	1219	219	5219	38	39	TSAAAA	MPNAAA	OOOOxx
+7343	9191	1	3	3	3	43	343	1343	2343	7343	86	87	LWAAAA	NPNAAA	VVVVxx
+9089	9192	1	1	9	9	89	89	1089	4089	9089	178	179	PLAAAA	OPNAAA	AAAAxx
+9337	9193	1	1	7	17	37	337	1337	4337	9337	74	75	DVAAAA	PPNAAA	HHHHxx
+5131	9194	1	3	1	11	31	131	1131	131	5131	62	63	JPAAAA	QPNAAA	OOOOxx
+6253	9195	1	1	3	13	53	253	253	1253	6253	106	107	NGAAAA	RPNAAA	VVVVxx
+5140	9196	0	0	0	0	40	140	1140	140	5140	80	81	SPAAAA	SPNAAA	AAAAxx
+2953	9197	1	1	3	13	53	953	953	2953	2953	106	107	PJAAAA	TPNAAA	HHHHxx
+4293	9198	1	1	3	13	93	293	293	4293	4293	186	187	DJAAAA	UPNAAA	OOOOxx
+9974	9199	0	2	4	14	74	974	1974	4974	9974	148	149	QTAAAA	VPNAAA	VVVVxx
+5061	9200	1	1	1	1	61	61	1061	61	5061	122	123	RMAAAA	WPNAAA	AAAAxx
+8570	9201	0	2	0	10	70	570	570	3570	8570	140	141	QRAAAA	XPNAAA	HHHHxx
+9504	9202	0	0	4	4	4	504	1504	4504	9504	8	9	OBAAAA	YPNAAA	OOOOxx
+604	9203	0	0	4	4	4	604	604	604	604	8	9	GXAAAA	ZPNAAA	VVVVxx
+4991	9204	1	3	1	11	91	991	991	4991	4991	182	183	ZJAAAA	AQNAAA	AAAAxx
+880	9205	0	0	0	0	80	880	880	880	880	160	161	WHAAAA	BQNAAA	HHHHxx
+3861	9206	1	1	1	1	61	861	1861	3861	3861	122	123	NSAAAA	CQNAAA	OOOOxx
+8262	9207	0	2	2	2	62	262	262	3262	8262	124	125	UFAAAA	DQNAAA	VVVVxx
+5689	9208	1	1	9	9	89	689	1689	689	5689	178	179	VKAAAA	EQNAAA	AAAAxx
+1793	9209	1	1	3	13	93	793	1793	1793	1793	186	187	ZQAAAA	FQNAAA	HHHHxx
+2661	9210	1	1	1	1	61	661	661	2661	2661	122	123	JYAAAA	GQNAAA	OOOOxx
+7954	9211	0	2	4	14	54	954	1954	2954	7954	108	109	YTAAAA	HQNAAA	VVVVxx
+1874	9212	0	2	4	14	74	874	1874	1874	1874	148	149	CUAAAA	IQNAAA	AAAAxx
+2982	9213	0	2	2	2	82	982	982	2982	2982	164	165	SKAAAA	JQNAAA	HHHHxx
+331	9214	1	3	1	11	31	331	331	331	331	62	63	TMAAAA	KQNAAA	OOOOxx
+5021	9215	1	1	1	1	21	21	1021	21	5021	42	43	DLAAAA	LQNAAA	VVVVxx
+9894	9216	0	2	4	14	94	894	1894	4894	9894	188	189	OQAAAA	MQNAAA	AAAAxx
+7709	9217	1	1	9	9	9	709	1709	2709	7709	18	19	NKAAAA	NQNAAA	HHHHxx
+4980	9218	0	0	0	0	80	980	980	4980	4980	160	161	OJAAAA	OQNAAA	OOOOxx
+8249	9219	1	1	9	9	49	249	249	3249	8249	98	99	HFAAAA	PQNAAA	VVVVxx
+7120	9220	0	0	0	0	20	120	1120	2120	7120	40	41	WNAAAA	QQNAAA	AAAAxx
+7464	9221	0	0	4	4	64	464	1464	2464	7464	128	129	CBAAAA	RQNAAA	HHHHxx
+8086	9222	0	2	6	6	86	86	86	3086	8086	172	173	AZAAAA	SQNAAA	OOOOxx
+3509	9223	1	1	9	9	9	509	1509	3509	3509	18	19	ZEAAAA	TQNAAA	VVVVxx
+3902	9224	0	2	2	2	2	902	1902	3902	3902	4	5	CUAAAA	UQNAAA	AAAAxx
+9907	9225	1	3	7	7	7	907	1907	4907	9907	14	15	BRAAAA	VQNAAA	HHHHxx
+6278	9226	0	2	8	18	78	278	278	1278	6278	156	157	MHAAAA	WQNAAA	OOOOxx
+9316	9227	0	0	6	16	16	316	1316	4316	9316	32	33	IUAAAA	XQNAAA	VVVVxx
+2824	9228	0	0	4	4	24	824	824	2824	2824	48	49	QEAAAA	YQNAAA	AAAAxx
+1558	9229	0	2	8	18	58	558	1558	1558	1558	116	117	YHAAAA	ZQNAAA	HHHHxx
+5436	9230	0	0	6	16	36	436	1436	436	5436	72	73	CBAAAA	ARNAAA	OOOOxx
+1161	9231	1	1	1	1	61	161	1161	1161	1161	122	123	RSAAAA	BRNAAA	VVVVxx
+7569	9232	1	1	9	9	69	569	1569	2569	7569	138	139	DFAAAA	CRNAAA	AAAAxx
+9614	9233	0	2	4	14	14	614	1614	4614	9614	28	29	UFAAAA	DRNAAA	HHHHxx
+6970	9234	0	2	0	10	70	970	970	1970	6970	140	141	CIAAAA	ERNAAA	OOOOxx
+2422	9235	0	2	2	2	22	422	422	2422	2422	44	45	EPAAAA	FRNAAA	VVVVxx
+8860	9236	0	0	0	0	60	860	860	3860	8860	120	121	UCAAAA	GRNAAA	AAAAxx
+9912	9237	0	0	2	12	12	912	1912	4912	9912	24	25	GRAAAA	HRNAAA	HHHHxx
+1109	9238	1	1	9	9	9	109	1109	1109	1109	18	19	RQAAAA	IRNAAA	OOOOxx
+3286	9239	0	2	6	6	86	286	1286	3286	3286	172	173	KWAAAA	JRNAAA	VVVVxx
+2277	9240	1	1	7	17	77	277	277	2277	2277	154	155	PJAAAA	KRNAAA	AAAAxx
+8656	9241	0	0	6	16	56	656	656	3656	8656	112	113	YUAAAA	LRNAAA	HHHHxx
+4656	9242	0	0	6	16	56	656	656	4656	4656	112	113	CXAAAA	MRNAAA	OOOOxx
+6965	9243	1	1	5	5	65	965	965	1965	6965	130	131	XHAAAA	NRNAAA	VVVVxx
+7591	9244	1	3	1	11	91	591	1591	2591	7591	182	183	ZFAAAA	ORNAAA	AAAAxx
+4883	9245	1	3	3	3	83	883	883	4883	4883	166	167	VFAAAA	PRNAAA	HHHHxx
+452	9246	0	0	2	12	52	452	452	452	452	104	105	KRAAAA	QRNAAA	OOOOxx
+4018	9247	0	2	8	18	18	18	18	4018	4018	36	37	OYAAAA	RRNAAA	VVVVxx
+4066	9248	0	2	6	6	66	66	66	4066	4066	132	133	KAAAAA	SRNAAA	AAAAxx
+6480	9249	0	0	0	0	80	480	480	1480	6480	160	161	GPAAAA	TRNAAA	HHHHxx
+8634	9250	0	2	4	14	34	634	634	3634	8634	68	69	CUAAAA	URNAAA	OOOOxx
+9387	9251	1	3	7	7	87	387	1387	4387	9387	174	175	BXAAAA	VRNAAA	VVVVxx
+3476	9252	0	0	6	16	76	476	1476	3476	3476	152	153	SDAAAA	WRNAAA	AAAAxx
+5995	9253	1	3	5	15	95	995	1995	995	5995	190	191	PWAAAA	XRNAAA	HHHHxx
+9677	9254	1	1	7	17	77	677	1677	4677	9677	154	155	FIAAAA	YRNAAA	OOOOxx
+3884	9255	0	0	4	4	84	884	1884	3884	3884	168	169	KTAAAA	ZRNAAA	VVVVxx
+6500	9256	0	0	0	0	0	500	500	1500	6500	0	1	AQAAAA	ASNAAA	AAAAxx
+7972	9257	0	0	2	12	72	972	1972	2972	7972	144	145	QUAAAA	BSNAAA	HHHHxx
+5281	9258	1	1	1	1	81	281	1281	281	5281	162	163	DVAAAA	CSNAAA	OOOOxx
+1288	9259	0	0	8	8	88	288	1288	1288	1288	176	177	OXAAAA	DSNAAA	VVVVxx
+4366	9260	0	2	6	6	66	366	366	4366	4366	132	133	YLAAAA	ESNAAA	AAAAxx
+6557	9261	1	1	7	17	57	557	557	1557	6557	114	115	FSAAAA	FSNAAA	HHHHxx
+7086	9262	0	2	6	6	86	86	1086	2086	7086	172	173	OMAAAA	GSNAAA	OOOOxx
+6588	9263	0	0	8	8	88	588	588	1588	6588	176	177	KTAAAA	HSNAAA	VVVVxx
+9062	9264	0	2	2	2	62	62	1062	4062	9062	124	125	OKAAAA	ISNAAA	AAAAxx
+9230	9265	0	2	0	10	30	230	1230	4230	9230	60	61	ARAAAA	JSNAAA	HHHHxx
+7672	9266	0	0	2	12	72	672	1672	2672	7672	144	145	CJAAAA	KSNAAA	OOOOxx
+5204	9267	0	0	4	4	4	204	1204	204	5204	8	9	ESAAAA	LSNAAA	VVVVxx
+2836	9268	0	0	6	16	36	836	836	2836	2836	72	73	CFAAAA	MSNAAA	AAAAxx
+7165	9269	1	1	5	5	65	165	1165	2165	7165	130	131	PPAAAA	NSNAAA	HHHHxx
+971	9270	1	3	1	11	71	971	971	971	971	142	143	JLAAAA	OSNAAA	OOOOxx
+3851	9271	1	3	1	11	51	851	1851	3851	3851	102	103	DSAAAA	PSNAAA	VVVVxx
+8593	9272	1	1	3	13	93	593	593	3593	8593	186	187	NSAAAA	QSNAAA	AAAAxx
+7742	9273	0	2	2	2	42	742	1742	2742	7742	84	85	ULAAAA	RSNAAA	HHHHxx
+2887	9274	1	3	7	7	87	887	887	2887	2887	174	175	BHAAAA	SSNAAA	OOOOxx
+8479	9275	1	3	9	19	79	479	479	3479	8479	158	159	DOAAAA	TSNAAA	VVVVxx
+9514	9276	0	2	4	14	14	514	1514	4514	9514	28	29	YBAAAA	USNAAA	AAAAxx
+273	9277	1	1	3	13	73	273	273	273	273	146	147	NKAAAA	VSNAAA	HHHHxx
+2938	9278	0	2	8	18	38	938	938	2938	2938	76	77	AJAAAA	WSNAAA	OOOOxx
+9793	9279	1	1	3	13	93	793	1793	4793	9793	186	187	RMAAAA	XSNAAA	VVVVxx
+8050	9280	0	2	0	10	50	50	50	3050	8050	100	101	QXAAAA	YSNAAA	AAAAxx
+6702	9281	0	2	2	2	2	702	702	1702	6702	4	5	UXAAAA	ZSNAAA	HHHHxx
+7290	9282	0	2	0	10	90	290	1290	2290	7290	180	181	KUAAAA	ATNAAA	OOOOxx
+1837	9283	1	1	7	17	37	837	1837	1837	1837	74	75	RSAAAA	BTNAAA	VVVVxx
+3206	9284	0	2	6	6	6	206	1206	3206	3206	12	13	ITAAAA	CTNAAA	AAAAxx
+4925	9285	1	1	5	5	25	925	925	4925	4925	50	51	LHAAAA	DTNAAA	HHHHxx
+5066	9286	0	2	6	6	66	66	1066	66	5066	132	133	WMAAAA	ETNAAA	OOOOxx
+3401	9287	1	1	1	1	1	401	1401	3401	3401	2	3	VAAAAA	FTNAAA	VVVVxx
+3474	9288	0	2	4	14	74	474	1474	3474	3474	148	149	QDAAAA	GTNAAA	AAAAxx
+57	9289	1	1	7	17	57	57	57	57	57	114	115	FCAAAA	HTNAAA	HHHHxx
+2082	9290	0	2	2	2	82	82	82	2082	2082	164	165	CCAAAA	ITNAAA	OOOOxx
+100	9291	0	0	0	0	0	100	100	100	100	0	1	WDAAAA	JTNAAA	VVVVxx
+9665	9292	1	1	5	5	65	665	1665	4665	9665	130	131	THAAAA	KTNAAA	AAAAxx
+8284	9293	0	0	4	4	84	284	284	3284	8284	168	169	QGAAAA	LTNAAA	HHHHxx
+958	9294	0	2	8	18	58	958	958	958	958	116	117	WKAAAA	MTNAAA	OOOOxx
+5282	9295	0	2	2	2	82	282	1282	282	5282	164	165	EVAAAA	NTNAAA	VVVVxx
+4257	9296	1	1	7	17	57	257	257	4257	4257	114	115	THAAAA	OTNAAA	AAAAxx
+3160	9297	0	0	0	0	60	160	1160	3160	3160	120	121	ORAAAA	PTNAAA	HHHHxx
+8449	9298	1	1	9	9	49	449	449	3449	8449	98	99	ZMAAAA	QTNAAA	OOOOxx
+500	9299	0	0	0	0	0	500	500	500	500	0	1	GTAAAA	RTNAAA	VVVVxx
+6432	9300	0	0	2	12	32	432	432	1432	6432	64	65	KNAAAA	STNAAA	AAAAxx
+6220	9301	0	0	0	0	20	220	220	1220	6220	40	41	GFAAAA	TTNAAA	HHHHxx
+7233	9302	1	1	3	13	33	233	1233	2233	7233	66	67	FSAAAA	UTNAAA	OOOOxx
+2723	9303	1	3	3	3	23	723	723	2723	2723	46	47	TAAAAA	VTNAAA	VVVVxx
+1899	9304	1	3	9	19	99	899	1899	1899	1899	198	199	BVAAAA	WTNAAA	AAAAxx
+7158	9305	0	2	8	18	58	158	1158	2158	7158	116	117	IPAAAA	XTNAAA	HHHHxx
+202	9306	0	2	2	2	2	202	202	202	202	4	5	UHAAAA	YTNAAA	OOOOxx
+2286	9307	0	2	6	6	86	286	286	2286	2286	172	173	YJAAAA	ZTNAAA	VVVVxx
+5356	9308	0	0	6	16	56	356	1356	356	5356	112	113	AYAAAA	AUNAAA	AAAAxx
+3809	9309	1	1	9	9	9	809	1809	3809	3809	18	19	NQAAAA	BUNAAA	HHHHxx
+3979	9310	1	3	9	19	79	979	1979	3979	3979	158	159	BXAAAA	CUNAAA	OOOOxx
+8359	9311	1	3	9	19	59	359	359	3359	8359	118	119	NJAAAA	DUNAAA	VVVVxx
+3479	9312	1	3	9	19	79	479	1479	3479	3479	158	159	VDAAAA	EUNAAA	AAAAxx
+4895	9313	1	3	5	15	95	895	895	4895	4895	190	191	HGAAAA	FUNAAA	HHHHxx
+6059	9314	1	3	9	19	59	59	59	1059	6059	118	119	BZAAAA	GUNAAA	OOOOxx
+9560	9315	0	0	0	0	60	560	1560	4560	9560	120	121	SDAAAA	HUNAAA	VVVVxx
+6756	9316	0	0	6	16	56	756	756	1756	6756	112	113	WZAAAA	IUNAAA	AAAAxx
+7504	9317	0	0	4	4	4	504	1504	2504	7504	8	9	QCAAAA	JUNAAA	HHHHxx
+6762	9318	0	2	2	2	62	762	762	1762	6762	124	125	CAAAAA	KUNAAA	OOOOxx
+5304	9319	0	0	4	4	4	304	1304	304	5304	8	9	AWAAAA	LUNAAA	VVVVxx
+9533	9320	1	1	3	13	33	533	1533	4533	9533	66	67	RCAAAA	MUNAAA	AAAAxx
+6649	9321	1	1	9	9	49	649	649	1649	6649	98	99	TVAAAA	NUNAAA	HHHHxx
+38	9322	0	2	8	18	38	38	38	38	38	76	77	MBAAAA	OUNAAA	OOOOxx
+5713	9323	1	1	3	13	13	713	1713	713	5713	26	27	TLAAAA	PUNAAA	VVVVxx
+3000	9324	0	0	0	0	0	0	1000	3000	3000	0	1	KLAAAA	QUNAAA	AAAAxx
+3738	9325	0	2	8	18	38	738	1738	3738	3738	76	77	UNAAAA	RUNAAA	HHHHxx
+3327	9326	1	3	7	7	27	327	1327	3327	3327	54	55	ZXAAAA	SUNAAA	OOOOxx
+3922	9327	0	2	2	2	22	922	1922	3922	3922	44	45	WUAAAA	TUNAAA	VVVVxx
+9245	9328	1	1	5	5	45	245	1245	4245	9245	90	91	PRAAAA	UUNAAA	AAAAxx
+2172	9329	0	0	2	12	72	172	172	2172	2172	144	145	OFAAAA	VUNAAA	HHHHxx
+7128	9330	0	0	8	8	28	128	1128	2128	7128	56	57	EOAAAA	WUNAAA	OOOOxx
+1195	9331	1	3	5	15	95	195	1195	1195	1195	190	191	ZTAAAA	XUNAAA	VVVVxx
+8445	9332	1	1	5	5	45	445	445	3445	8445	90	91	VMAAAA	YUNAAA	AAAAxx
+8638	9333	0	2	8	18	38	638	638	3638	8638	76	77	GUAAAA	ZUNAAA	HHHHxx
+1249	9334	1	1	9	9	49	249	1249	1249	1249	98	99	BWAAAA	AVNAAA	OOOOxx
+8659	9335	1	3	9	19	59	659	659	3659	8659	118	119	BVAAAA	BVNAAA	VVVVxx
+3556	9336	0	0	6	16	56	556	1556	3556	3556	112	113	UGAAAA	CVNAAA	AAAAxx
+3347	9337	1	3	7	7	47	347	1347	3347	3347	94	95	TYAAAA	DVNAAA	HHHHxx
+3260	9338	0	0	0	0	60	260	1260	3260	3260	120	121	KVAAAA	EVNAAA	OOOOxx
+5139	9339	1	3	9	19	39	139	1139	139	5139	78	79	RPAAAA	FVNAAA	VVVVxx
+9991	9340	1	3	1	11	91	991	1991	4991	9991	182	183	HUAAAA	GVNAAA	AAAAxx
+5499	9341	1	3	9	19	99	499	1499	499	5499	198	199	NDAAAA	HVNAAA	HHHHxx
+8082	9342	0	2	2	2	82	82	82	3082	8082	164	165	WYAAAA	IVNAAA	OOOOxx
+1640	9343	0	0	0	0	40	640	1640	1640	1640	80	81	CLAAAA	JVNAAA	VVVVxx
+8726	9344	0	2	6	6	26	726	726	3726	8726	52	53	QXAAAA	KVNAAA	AAAAxx
+2339	9345	1	3	9	19	39	339	339	2339	2339	78	79	ZLAAAA	LVNAAA	HHHHxx
+2601	9346	1	1	1	1	1	601	601	2601	2601	2	3	BWAAAA	MVNAAA	OOOOxx
+9940	9347	0	0	0	0	40	940	1940	4940	9940	80	81	ISAAAA	NVNAAA	VVVVxx
+4185	9348	1	1	5	5	85	185	185	4185	4185	170	171	ZEAAAA	OVNAAA	AAAAxx
+9546	9349	0	2	6	6	46	546	1546	4546	9546	92	93	EDAAAA	PVNAAA	HHHHxx
+5218	9350	0	2	8	18	18	218	1218	218	5218	36	37	SSAAAA	QVNAAA	OOOOxx
+4374	9351	0	2	4	14	74	374	374	4374	4374	148	149	GMAAAA	RVNAAA	VVVVxx
+288	9352	0	0	8	8	88	288	288	288	288	176	177	CLAAAA	SVNAAA	AAAAxx
+7445	9353	1	1	5	5	45	445	1445	2445	7445	90	91	JAAAAA	TVNAAA	HHHHxx
+1710	9354	0	2	0	10	10	710	1710	1710	1710	20	21	UNAAAA	UVNAAA	OOOOxx
+6409	9355	1	1	9	9	9	409	409	1409	6409	18	19	NMAAAA	VVNAAA	VVVVxx
+7982	9356	0	2	2	2	82	982	1982	2982	7982	164	165	AVAAAA	WVNAAA	AAAAxx
+4950	9357	0	2	0	10	50	950	950	4950	4950	100	101	KIAAAA	XVNAAA	HHHHxx
+9242	9358	0	2	2	2	42	242	1242	4242	9242	84	85	MRAAAA	YVNAAA	OOOOxx
+3272	9359	0	0	2	12	72	272	1272	3272	3272	144	145	WVAAAA	ZVNAAA	VVVVxx
+739	9360	1	3	9	19	39	739	739	739	739	78	79	LCAAAA	AWNAAA	AAAAxx
+5526	9361	0	2	6	6	26	526	1526	526	5526	52	53	OEAAAA	BWNAAA	HHHHxx
+8189	9362	1	1	9	9	89	189	189	3189	8189	178	179	ZCAAAA	CWNAAA	OOOOxx
+9106	9363	0	2	6	6	6	106	1106	4106	9106	12	13	GMAAAA	DWNAAA	VVVVxx
+9775	9364	1	3	5	15	75	775	1775	4775	9775	150	151	ZLAAAA	EWNAAA	AAAAxx
+4643	9365	1	3	3	3	43	643	643	4643	4643	86	87	PWAAAA	FWNAAA	HHHHxx
+8396	9366	0	0	6	16	96	396	396	3396	8396	192	193	YKAAAA	GWNAAA	OOOOxx
+3255	9367	1	3	5	15	55	255	1255	3255	3255	110	111	FVAAAA	HWNAAA	VVVVxx
+301	9368	1	1	1	1	1	301	301	301	301	2	3	PLAAAA	IWNAAA	AAAAxx
+6014	9369	0	2	4	14	14	14	14	1014	6014	28	29	IXAAAA	JWNAAA	HHHHxx
+6046	9370	0	2	6	6	46	46	46	1046	6046	92	93	OYAAAA	KWNAAA	OOOOxx
+984	9371	0	0	4	4	84	984	984	984	984	168	169	WLAAAA	LWNAAA	VVVVxx
+2420	9372	0	0	0	0	20	420	420	2420	2420	40	41	CPAAAA	MWNAAA	AAAAxx
+2922	9373	0	2	2	2	22	922	922	2922	2922	44	45	KIAAAA	NWNAAA	HHHHxx
+2317	9374	1	1	7	17	17	317	317	2317	2317	34	35	DLAAAA	OWNAAA	OOOOxx
+7332	9375	0	0	2	12	32	332	1332	2332	7332	64	65	AWAAAA	PWNAAA	VVVVxx
+6451	9376	1	3	1	11	51	451	451	1451	6451	102	103	DOAAAA	QWNAAA	AAAAxx
+2589	9377	1	1	9	9	89	589	589	2589	2589	178	179	PVAAAA	RWNAAA	HHHHxx
+4333	9378	1	1	3	13	33	333	333	4333	4333	66	67	RKAAAA	SWNAAA	OOOOxx
+8650	9379	0	2	0	10	50	650	650	3650	8650	100	101	SUAAAA	TWNAAA	VVVVxx
+6856	9380	0	0	6	16	56	856	856	1856	6856	112	113	SDAAAA	UWNAAA	AAAAxx
+4194	9381	0	2	4	14	94	194	194	4194	4194	188	189	IFAAAA	VWNAAA	HHHHxx
+6246	9382	0	2	6	6	46	246	246	1246	6246	92	93	GGAAAA	WWNAAA	OOOOxx
+4371	9383	1	3	1	11	71	371	371	4371	4371	142	143	DMAAAA	XWNAAA	VVVVxx
+1388	9384	0	0	8	8	88	388	1388	1388	1388	176	177	KBAAAA	YWNAAA	AAAAxx
+1056	9385	0	0	6	16	56	56	1056	1056	1056	112	113	QOAAAA	ZWNAAA	HHHHxx
+6041	9386	1	1	1	1	41	41	41	1041	6041	82	83	JYAAAA	AXNAAA	OOOOxx
+6153	9387	1	1	3	13	53	153	153	1153	6153	106	107	RCAAAA	BXNAAA	VVVVxx
+8450	9388	0	2	0	10	50	450	450	3450	8450	100	101	ANAAAA	CXNAAA	AAAAxx
+3469	9389	1	1	9	9	69	469	1469	3469	3469	138	139	LDAAAA	DXNAAA	HHHHxx
+5226	9390	0	2	6	6	26	226	1226	226	5226	52	53	ATAAAA	EXNAAA	OOOOxx
+8112	9391	0	0	2	12	12	112	112	3112	8112	24	25	AAAAAA	FXNAAA	VVVVxx
+647	9392	1	3	7	7	47	647	647	647	647	94	95	XYAAAA	GXNAAA	AAAAxx
+2567	9393	1	3	7	7	67	567	567	2567	2567	134	135	TUAAAA	HXNAAA	HHHHxx
+9064	9394	0	0	4	4	64	64	1064	4064	9064	128	129	QKAAAA	IXNAAA	OOOOxx
+5161	9395	1	1	1	1	61	161	1161	161	5161	122	123	NQAAAA	JXNAAA	VVVVxx
+5260	9396	0	0	0	0	60	260	1260	260	5260	120	121	IUAAAA	KXNAAA	AAAAxx
+8988	9397	0	0	8	8	88	988	988	3988	8988	176	177	SHAAAA	LXNAAA	HHHHxx
+9678	9398	0	2	8	18	78	678	1678	4678	9678	156	157	GIAAAA	MXNAAA	OOOOxx
+6853	9399	1	1	3	13	53	853	853	1853	6853	106	107	PDAAAA	NXNAAA	VVVVxx
+5294	9400	0	2	4	14	94	294	1294	294	5294	188	189	QVAAAA	OXNAAA	AAAAxx
+9864	9401	0	0	4	4	64	864	1864	4864	9864	128	129	KPAAAA	PXNAAA	HHHHxx
+8702	9402	0	2	2	2	2	702	702	3702	8702	4	5	SWAAAA	QXNAAA	OOOOxx
+1132	9403	0	0	2	12	32	132	1132	1132	1132	64	65	ORAAAA	RXNAAA	VVVVxx
+1524	9404	0	0	4	4	24	524	1524	1524	1524	48	49	QGAAAA	SXNAAA	AAAAxx
+4560	9405	0	0	0	0	60	560	560	4560	4560	120	121	KTAAAA	TXNAAA	HHHHxx
+2137	9406	1	1	7	17	37	137	137	2137	2137	74	75	FEAAAA	UXNAAA	OOOOxx
+3283	9407	1	3	3	3	83	283	1283	3283	3283	166	167	HWAAAA	VXNAAA	VVVVxx
+3377	9408	1	1	7	17	77	377	1377	3377	3377	154	155	XZAAAA	WXNAAA	AAAAxx
+2267	9409	1	3	7	7	67	267	267	2267	2267	134	135	FJAAAA	XXNAAA	HHHHxx
+8987	9410	1	3	7	7	87	987	987	3987	8987	174	175	RHAAAA	YXNAAA	OOOOxx
+6709	9411	1	1	9	9	9	709	709	1709	6709	18	19	BYAAAA	ZXNAAA	VVVVxx
+8059	9412	1	3	9	19	59	59	59	3059	8059	118	119	ZXAAAA	AYNAAA	AAAAxx
+3402	9413	0	2	2	2	2	402	1402	3402	3402	4	5	WAAAAA	BYNAAA	HHHHxx
+6443	9414	1	3	3	3	43	443	443	1443	6443	86	87	VNAAAA	CYNAAA	OOOOxx
+8858	9415	0	2	8	18	58	858	858	3858	8858	116	117	SCAAAA	DYNAAA	VVVVxx
+3974	9416	0	2	4	14	74	974	1974	3974	3974	148	149	WWAAAA	EYNAAA	AAAAxx
+3521	9417	1	1	1	1	21	521	1521	3521	3521	42	43	LFAAAA	FYNAAA	HHHHxx
+9509	9418	1	1	9	9	9	509	1509	4509	9509	18	19	TBAAAA	GYNAAA	OOOOxx
+5442	9419	0	2	2	2	42	442	1442	442	5442	84	85	IBAAAA	HYNAAA	VVVVxx
+8968	9420	0	0	8	8	68	968	968	3968	8968	136	137	YGAAAA	IYNAAA	AAAAxx
+333	9421	1	1	3	13	33	333	333	333	333	66	67	VMAAAA	JYNAAA	HHHHxx
+952	9422	0	0	2	12	52	952	952	952	952	104	105	QKAAAA	KYNAAA	OOOOxx
+7482	9423	0	2	2	2	82	482	1482	2482	7482	164	165	UBAAAA	LYNAAA	VVVVxx
+1486	9424	0	2	6	6	86	486	1486	1486	1486	172	173	EFAAAA	MYNAAA	AAAAxx
+1815	9425	1	3	5	15	15	815	1815	1815	1815	30	31	VRAAAA	NYNAAA	HHHHxx
+7937	9426	1	1	7	17	37	937	1937	2937	7937	74	75	HTAAAA	OYNAAA	OOOOxx
+1436	9427	0	0	6	16	36	436	1436	1436	1436	72	73	GDAAAA	PYNAAA	VVVVxx
+3470	9428	0	2	0	10	70	470	1470	3470	3470	140	141	MDAAAA	QYNAAA	AAAAxx
+8195	9429	1	3	5	15	95	195	195	3195	8195	190	191	FDAAAA	RYNAAA	HHHHxx
+6906	9430	0	2	6	6	6	906	906	1906	6906	12	13	QFAAAA	SYNAAA	OOOOxx
+2539	9431	1	3	9	19	39	539	539	2539	2539	78	79	RTAAAA	TYNAAA	VVVVxx
+5988	9432	0	0	8	8	88	988	1988	988	5988	176	177	IWAAAA	UYNAAA	AAAAxx
+8908	9433	0	0	8	8	8	908	908	3908	8908	16	17	QEAAAA	VYNAAA	HHHHxx
+2319	9434	1	3	9	19	19	319	319	2319	2319	38	39	FLAAAA	WYNAAA	OOOOxx
+3263	9435	1	3	3	3	63	263	1263	3263	3263	126	127	NVAAAA	XYNAAA	VVVVxx
+4039	9436	1	3	9	19	39	39	39	4039	4039	78	79	JZAAAA	YYNAAA	AAAAxx
+6373	9437	1	1	3	13	73	373	373	1373	6373	146	147	DLAAAA	ZYNAAA	HHHHxx
+1168	9438	0	0	8	8	68	168	1168	1168	1168	136	137	YSAAAA	AZNAAA	OOOOxx
+8338	9439	0	2	8	18	38	338	338	3338	8338	76	77	SIAAAA	BZNAAA	VVVVxx
+1172	9440	0	0	2	12	72	172	1172	1172	1172	144	145	CTAAAA	CZNAAA	AAAAxx
+200	9441	0	0	0	0	0	200	200	200	200	0	1	SHAAAA	DZNAAA	HHHHxx
+6355	9442	1	3	5	15	55	355	355	1355	6355	110	111	LKAAAA	EZNAAA	OOOOxx
+7768	9443	0	0	8	8	68	768	1768	2768	7768	136	137	UMAAAA	FZNAAA	VVVVxx
+25	9444	1	1	5	5	25	25	25	25	25	50	51	ZAAAAA	GZNAAA	AAAAxx
+7144	9445	0	0	4	4	44	144	1144	2144	7144	88	89	UOAAAA	HZNAAA	HHHHxx
+8671	9446	1	3	1	11	71	671	671	3671	8671	142	143	NVAAAA	IZNAAA	OOOOxx
+9163	9447	1	3	3	3	63	163	1163	4163	9163	126	127	LOAAAA	JZNAAA	VVVVxx
+8889	9448	1	1	9	9	89	889	889	3889	8889	178	179	XDAAAA	KZNAAA	AAAAxx
+5950	9449	0	2	0	10	50	950	1950	950	5950	100	101	WUAAAA	LZNAAA	HHHHxx
+6163	9450	1	3	3	3	63	163	163	1163	6163	126	127	BDAAAA	MZNAAA	OOOOxx
+8119	9451	1	3	9	19	19	119	119	3119	8119	38	39	HAAAAA	NZNAAA	VVVVxx
+1416	9452	0	0	6	16	16	416	1416	1416	1416	32	33	MCAAAA	OZNAAA	AAAAxx
+4132	9453	0	0	2	12	32	132	132	4132	4132	64	65	YCAAAA	PZNAAA	HHHHxx
+2294	9454	0	2	4	14	94	294	294	2294	2294	188	189	GKAAAA	QZNAAA	OOOOxx
+9094	9455	0	2	4	14	94	94	1094	4094	9094	188	189	ULAAAA	RZNAAA	VVVVxx
+4168	9456	0	0	8	8	68	168	168	4168	4168	136	137	IEAAAA	SZNAAA	AAAAxx
+9108	9457	0	0	8	8	8	108	1108	4108	9108	16	17	IMAAAA	TZNAAA	HHHHxx
+5706	9458	0	2	6	6	6	706	1706	706	5706	12	13	MLAAAA	UZNAAA	OOOOxx
+2231	9459	1	3	1	11	31	231	231	2231	2231	62	63	VHAAAA	VZNAAA	VVVVxx
+2173	9460	1	1	3	13	73	173	173	2173	2173	146	147	PFAAAA	WZNAAA	AAAAxx
+90	9461	0	2	0	10	90	90	90	90	90	180	181	MDAAAA	XZNAAA	HHHHxx
+9996	9462	0	0	6	16	96	996	1996	4996	9996	192	193	MUAAAA	YZNAAA	OOOOxx
+330	9463	0	2	0	10	30	330	330	330	330	60	61	SMAAAA	ZZNAAA	VVVVxx
+2052	9464	0	0	2	12	52	52	52	2052	2052	104	105	YAAAAA	AAOAAA	AAAAxx
+1093	9465	1	1	3	13	93	93	1093	1093	1093	186	187	BQAAAA	BAOAAA	HHHHxx
+5817	9466	1	1	7	17	17	817	1817	817	5817	34	35	TPAAAA	CAOAAA	OOOOxx
+1559	9467	1	3	9	19	59	559	1559	1559	1559	118	119	ZHAAAA	DAOAAA	VVVVxx
+8405	9468	1	1	5	5	5	405	405	3405	8405	10	11	HLAAAA	EAOAAA	AAAAxx
+9962	9469	0	2	2	2	62	962	1962	4962	9962	124	125	ETAAAA	FAOAAA	HHHHxx
+9461	9470	1	1	1	1	61	461	1461	4461	9461	122	123	XZAAAA	GAOAAA	OOOOxx
+3028	9471	0	0	8	8	28	28	1028	3028	3028	56	57	MMAAAA	HAOAAA	VVVVxx
+6814	9472	0	2	4	14	14	814	814	1814	6814	28	29	CCAAAA	IAOAAA	AAAAxx
+9587	9473	1	3	7	7	87	587	1587	4587	9587	174	175	TEAAAA	JAOAAA	HHHHxx
+6863	9474	1	3	3	3	63	863	863	1863	6863	126	127	ZDAAAA	KAOAAA	OOOOxx
+4963	9475	1	3	3	3	63	963	963	4963	4963	126	127	XIAAAA	LAOAAA	VVVVxx
+7811	9476	1	3	1	11	11	811	1811	2811	7811	22	23	LOAAAA	MAOAAA	AAAAxx
+7608	9477	0	0	8	8	8	608	1608	2608	7608	16	17	QGAAAA	NAOAAA	HHHHxx
+5321	9478	1	1	1	1	21	321	1321	321	5321	42	43	RWAAAA	OAOAAA	OOOOxx
+9971	9479	1	3	1	11	71	971	1971	4971	9971	142	143	NTAAAA	PAOAAA	VVVVxx
+6161	9480	1	1	1	1	61	161	161	1161	6161	122	123	ZCAAAA	QAOAAA	AAAAxx
+2181	9481	1	1	1	1	81	181	181	2181	2181	162	163	XFAAAA	RAOAAA	HHHHxx
+3828	9482	0	0	8	8	28	828	1828	3828	3828	56	57	GRAAAA	SAOAAA	OOOOxx
+348	9483	0	0	8	8	48	348	348	348	348	96	97	KNAAAA	TAOAAA	VVVVxx
+5459	9484	1	3	9	19	59	459	1459	459	5459	118	119	ZBAAAA	UAOAAA	AAAAxx
+9406	9485	0	2	6	6	6	406	1406	4406	9406	12	13	UXAAAA	VAOAAA	HHHHxx
+9852	9486	0	0	2	12	52	852	1852	4852	9852	104	105	YOAAAA	WAOAAA	OOOOxx
+3095	9487	1	3	5	15	95	95	1095	3095	3095	190	191	BPAAAA	XAOAAA	VVVVxx
+5597	9488	1	1	7	17	97	597	1597	597	5597	194	195	HHAAAA	YAOAAA	AAAAxx
+8841	9489	1	1	1	1	41	841	841	3841	8841	82	83	BCAAAA	ZAOAAA	HHHHxx
+3536	9490	0	0	6	16	36	536	1536	3536	3536	72	73	AGAAAA	ABOAAA	OOOOxx
+4009	9491	1	1	9	9	9	9	9	4009	4009	18	19	FYAAAA	BBOAAA	VVVVxx
+7366	9492	0	2	6	6	66	366	1366	2366	7366	132	133	IXAAAA	CBOAAA	AAAAxx
+7327	9493	1	3	7	7	27	327	1327	2327	7327	54	55	VVAAAA	DBOAAA	HHHHxx
+1613	9494	1	1	3	13	13	613	1613	1613	1613	26	27	BKAAAA	EBOAAA	OOOOxx
+8619	9495	1	3	9	19	19	619	619	3619	8619	38	39	NTAAAA	FBOAAA	VVVVxx
+4880	9496	0	0	0	0	80	880	880	4880	4880	160	161	SFAAAA	GBOAAA	AAAAxx
+1552	9497	0	0	2	12	52	552	1552	1552	1552	104	105	SHAAAA	HBOAAA	HHHHxx
+7636	9498	0	0	6	16	36	636	1636	2636	7636	72	73	SHAAAA	IBOAAA	OOOOxx
+8397	9499	1	1	7	17	97	397	397	3397	8397	194	195	ZKAAAA	JBOAAA	VVVVxx
+6224	9500	0	0	4	4	24	224	224	1224	6224	48	49	KFAAAA	KBOAAA	AAAAxx
+9102	9501	0	2	2	2	2	102	1102	4102	9102	4	5	CMAAAA	LBOAAA	HHHHxx
+7906	9502	0	2	6	6	6	906	1906	2906	7906	12	13	CSAAAA	MBOAAA	OOOOxx
+9467	9503	1	3	7	7	67	467	1467	4467	9467	134	135	DAAAAA	NBOAAA	VVVVxx
+828	9504	0	0	8	8	28	828	828	828	828	56	57	WFAAAA	OBOAAA	AAAAxx
+9585	9505	1	1	5	5	85	585	1585	4585	9585	170	171	REAAAA	PBOAAA	HHHHxx
+925	9506	1	1	5	5	25	925	925	925	925	50	51	PJAAAA	QBOAAA	OOOOxx
+7375	9507	1	3	5	15	75	375	1375	2375	7375	150	151	RXAAAA	RBOAAA	VVVVxx
+4027	9508	1	3	7	7	27	27	27	4027	4027	54	55	XYAAAA	SBOAAA	AAAAxx
+766	9509	0	2	6	6	66	766	766	766	766	132	133	MDAAAA	TBOAAA	HHHHxx
+5633	9510	1	1	3	13	33	633	1633	633	5633	66	67	RIAAAA	UBOAAA	OOOOxx
+5648	9511	0	0	8	8	48	648	1648	648	5648	96	97	GJAAAA	VBOAAA	VVVVxx
+148	9512	0	0	8	8	48	148	148	148	148	96	97	SFAAAA	WBOAAA	AAAAxx
+2072	9513	0	0	2	12	72	72	72	2072	2072	144	145	SBAAAA	XBOAAA	HHHHxx
+431	9514	1	3	1	11	31	431	431	431	431	62	63	PQAAAA	YBOAAA	OOOOxx
+1711	9515	1	3	1	11	11	711	1711	1711	1711	22	23	VNAAAA	ZBOAAA	VVVVxx
+9378	9516	0	2	8	18	78	378	1378	4378	9378	156	157	SWAAAA	ACOAAA	AAAAxx
+6776	9517	0	0	6	16	76	776	776	1776	6776	152	153	QAAAAA	BCOAAA	HHHHxx
+6842	9518	0	2	2	2	42	842	842	1842	6842	84	85	EDAAAA	CCOAAA	OOOOxx
+2656	9519	0	0	6	16	56	656	656	2656	2656	112	113	EYAAAA	DCOAAA	VVVVxx
+3116	9520	0	0	6	16	16	116	1116	3116	3116	32	33	WPAAAA	ECOAAA	AAAAxx
+7904	9521	0	0	4	4	4	904	1904	2904	7904	8	9	ASAAAA	FCOAAA	HHHHxx
+3529	9522	1	1	9	9	29	529	1529	3529	3529	58	59	TFAAAA	GCOAAA	OOOOxx
+3240	9523	0	0	0	0	40	240	1240	3240	3240	80	81	QUAAAA	HCOAAA	VVVVxx
+5801	9524	1	1	1	1	1	801	1801	801	5801	2	3	DPAAAA	ICOAAA	AAAAxx
+4090	9525	0	2	0	10	90	90	90	4090	4090	180	181	IBAAAA	JCOAAA	HHHHxx
+7687	9526	1	3	7	7	87	687	1687	2687	7687	174	175	RJAAAA	KCOAAA	OOOOxx
+9711	9527	1	3	1	11	11	711	1711	4711	9711	22	23	NJAAAA	LCOAAA	VVVVxx
+4760	9528	0	0	0	0	60	760	760	4760	4760	120	121	CBAAAA	MCOAAA	AAAAxx
+5524	9529	0	0	4	4	24	524	1524	524	5524	48	49	MEAAAA	NCOAAA	HHHHxx
+2251	9530	1	3	1	11	51	251	251	2251	2251	102	103	PIAAAA	OCOAAA	OOOOxx
+1511	9531	1	3	1	11	11	511	1511	1511	1511	22	23	DGAAAA	PCOAAA	VVVVxx
+5991	9532	1	3	1	11	91	991	1991	991	5991	182	183	LWAAAA	QCOAAA	AAAAxx
+7808	9533	0	0	8	8	8	808	1808	2808	7808	16	17	IOAAAA	RCOAAA	HHHHxx
+8708	9534	0	0	8	8	8	708	708	3708	8708	16	17	YWAAAA	SCOAAA	OOOOxx
+8939	9535	1	3	9	19	39	939	939	3939	8939	78	79	VFAAAA	TCOAAA	VVVVxx
+4295	9536	1	3	5	15	95	295	295	4295	4295	190	191	FJAAAA	UCOAAA	AAAAxx
+5905	9537	1	1	5	5	5	905	1905	905	5905	10	11	DTAAAA	VCOAAA	HHHHxx
+2649	9538	1	1	9	9	49	649	649	2649	2649	98	99	XXAAAA	WCOAAA	OOOOxx
+2347	9539	1	3	7	7	47	347	347	2347	2347	94	95	HMAAAA	XCOAAA	VVVVxx
+6339	9540	1	3	9	19	39	339	339	1339	6339	78	79	VJAAAA	YCOAAA	AAAAxx
+292	9541	0	0	2	12	92	292	292	292	292	184	185	GLAAAA	ZCOAAA	HHHHxx
+9314	9542	0	2	4	14	14	314	1314	4314	9314	28	29	GUAAAA	ADOAAA	OOOOxx
+6893	9543	1	1	3	13	93	893	893	1893	6893	186	187	DFAAAA	BDOAAA	VVVVxx
+3970	9544	0	2	0	10	70	970	1970	3970	3970	140	141	SWAAAA	CDOAAA	AAAAxx
+1652	9545	0	0	2	12	52	652	1652	1652	1652	104	105	OLAAAA	DDOAAA	HHHHxx
+4326	9546	0	2	6	6	26	326	326	4326	4326	52	53	KKAAAA	EDOAAA	OOOOxx
+7881	9547	1	1	1	1	81	881	1881	2881	7881	162	163	DRAAAA	FDOAAA	VVVVxx
+5291	9548	1	3	1	11	91	291	1291	291	5291	182	183	NVAAAA	GDOAAA	AAAAxx
+957	9549	1	1	7	17	57	957	957	957	957	114	115	VKAAAA	HDOAAA	HHHHxx
+2313	9550	1	1	3	13	13	313	313	2313	2313	26	27	ZKAAAA	IDOAAA	OOOOxx
+5463	9551	1	3	3	3	63	463	1463	463	5463	126	127	DCAAAA	JDOAAA	VVVVxx
+1268	9552	0	0	8	8	68	268	1268	1268	1268	136	137	UWAAAA	KDOAAA	AAAAxx
+5028	9553	0	0	8	8	28	28	1028	28	5028	56	57	KLAAAA	LDOAAA	HHHHxx
+656	9554	0	0	6	16	56	656	656	656	656	112	113	GZAAAA	MDOAAA	OOOOxx
+9274	9555	0	2	4	14	74	274	1274	4274	9274	148	149	SSAAAA	NDOAAA	VVVVxx
+8217	9556	1	1	7	17	17	217	217	3217	8217	34	35	BEAAAA	ODOAAA	AAAAxx
+2175	9557	1	3	5	15	75	175	175	2175	2175	150	151	RFAAAA	PDOAAA	HHHHxx
+6028	9558	0	0	8	8	28	28	28	1028	6028	56	57	WXAAAA	QDOAAA	OOOOxx
+7584	9559	0	0	4	4	84	584	1584	2584	7584	168	169	SFAAAA	RDOAAA	VVVVxx
+4114	9560	0	2	4	14	14	114	114	4114	4114	28	29	GCAAAA	SDOAAA	AAAAxx
+8894	9561	0	2	4	14	94	894	894	3894	8894	188	189	CEAAAA	TDOAAA	HHHHxx
+781	9562	1	1	1	1	81	781	781	781	781	162	163	BEAAAA	UDOAAA	OOOOxx
+133	9563	1	1	3	13	33	133	133	133	133	66	67	DFAAAA	VDOAAA	VVVVxx
+7572	9564	0	0	2	12	72	572	1572	2572	7572	144	145	GFAAAA	WDOAAA	AAAAxx
+8514	9565	0	2	4	14	14	514	514	3514	8514	28	29	MPAAAA	XDOAAA	HHHHxx
+3352	9566	0	0	2	12	52	352	1352	3352	3352	104	105	YYAAAA	YDOAAA	OOOOxx
+8098	9567	0	2	8	18	98	98	98	3098	8098	196	197	MZAAAA	ZDOAAA	VVVVxx
+9116	9568	0	0	6	16	16	116	1116	4116	9116	32	33	QMAAAA	AEOAAA	AAAAxx
+9444	9569	0	0	4	4	44	444	1444	4444	9444	88	89	GZAAAA	BEOAAA	HHHHxx
+2590	9570	0	2	0	10	90	590	590	2590	2590	180	181	QVAAAA	CEOAAA	OOOOxx
+7302	9571	0	2	2	2	2	302	1302	2302	7302	4	5	WUAAAA	DEOAAA	VVVVxx
+7444	9572	0	0	4	4	44	444	1444	2444	7444	88	89	IAAAAA	EEOAAA	AAAAxx
+8748	9573	0	0	8	8	48	748	748	3748	8748	96	97	MYAAAA	FEOAAA	HHHHxx
+7615	9574	1	3	5	15	15	615	1615	2615	7615	30	31	XGAAAA	GEOAAA	OOOOxx
+6090	9575	0	2	0	10	90	90	90	1090	6090	180	181	GAAAAA	HEOAAA	VVVVxx
+1529	9576	1	1	9	9	29	529	1529	1529	1529	58	59	VGAAAA	IEOAAA	AAAAxx
+9398	9577	0	2	8	18	98	398	1398	4398	9398	196	197	MXAAAA	JEOAAA	HHHHxx
+6114	9578	0	2	4	14	14	114	114	1114	6114	28	29	EBAAAA	KEOAAA	OOOOxx
+2736	9579	0	0	6	16	36	736	736	2736	2736	72	73	GBAAAA	LEOAAA	VVVVxx
+468	9580	0	0	8	8	68	468	468	468	468	136	137	ASAAAA	MEOAAA	AAAAxx
+1487	9581	1	3	7	7	87	487	1487	1487	1487	174	175	FFAAAA	NEOAAA	HHHHxx
+4784	9582	0	0	4	4	84	784	784	4784	4784	168	169	ACAAAA	OEOAAA	OOOOxx
+6731	9583	1	3	1	11	31	731	731	1731	6731	62	63	XYAAAA	PEOAAA	VVVVxx
+3328	9584	0	0	8	8	28	328	1328	3328	3328	56	57	AYAAAA	QEOAAA	AAAAxx
+6891	9585	1	3	1	11	91	891	891	1891	6891	182	183	BFAAAA	REOAAA	HHHHxx
+8039	9586	1	3	9	19	39	39	39	3039	8039	78	79	FXAAAA	SEOAAA	OOOOxx
+4064	9587	0	0	4	4	64	64	64	4064	4064	128	129	IAAAAA	TEOAAA	VVVVxx
+542	9588	0	2	2	2	42	542	542	542	542	84	85	WUAAAA	UEOAAA	AAAAxx
+1039	9589	1	3	9	19	39	39	1039	1039	1039	78	79	ZNAAAA	VEOAAA	HHHHxx
+5603	9590	1	3	3	3	3	603	1603	603	5603	6	7	NHAAAA	WEOAAA	OOOOxx
+6641	9591	1	1	1	1	41	641	641	1641	6641	82	83	LVAAAA	XEOAAA	VVVVxx
+6307	9592	1	3	7	7	7	307	307	1307	6307	14	15	PIAAAA	YEOAAA	AAAAxx
+5354	9593	0	2	4	14	54	354	1354	354	5354	108	109	YXAAAA	ZEOAAA	HHHHxx
+7878	9594	0	2	8	18	78	878	1878	2878	7878	156	157	ARAAAA	AFOAAA	OOOOxx
+6391	9595	1	3	1	11	91	391	391	1391	6391	182	183	VLAAAA	BFOAAA	VVVVxx
+4575	9596	1	3	5	15	75	575	575	4575	4575	150	151	ZTAAAA	CFOAAA	AAAAxx
+6644	9597	0	0	4	4	44	644	644	1644	6644	88	89	OVAAAA	DFOAAA	HHHHxx
+5207	9598	1	3	7	7	7	207	1207	207	5207	14	15	HSAAAA	EFOAAA	OOOOxx
+1736	9599	0	0	6	16	36	736	1736	1736	1736	72	73	UOAAAA	FFOAAA	VVVVxx
+3547	9600	1	3	7	7	47	547	1547	3547	3547	94	95	LGAAAA	GFOAAA	AAAAxx
+6647	9601	1	3	7	7	47	647	647	1647	6647	94	95	RVAAAA	HFOAAA	HHHHxx
+4107	9602	1	3	7	7	7	107	107	4107	4107	14	15	ZBAAAA	IFOAAA	OOOOxx
+8125	9603	1	1	5	5	25	125	125	3125	8125	50	51	NAAAAA	JFOAAA	VVVVxx
+9223	9604	1	3	3	3	23	223	1223	4223	9223	46	47	TQAAAA	KFOAAA	AAAAxx
+6903	9605	1	3	3	3	3	903	903	1903	6903	6	7	NFAAAA	LFOAAA	HHHHxx
+3639	9606	1	3	9	19	39	639	1639	3639	3639	78	79	ZJAAAA	MFOAAA	OOOOxx
+9606	9607	0	2	6	6	6	606	1606	4606	9606	12	13	MFAAAA	NFOAAA	VVVVxx
+3232	9608	0	0	2	12	32	232	1232	3232	3232	64	65	IUAAAA	OFOAAA	AAAAxx
+2063	9609	1	3	3	3	63	63	63	2063	2063	126	127	JBAAAA	PFOAAA	HHHHxx
+3731	9610	1	3	1	11	31	731	1731	3731	3731	62	63	NNAAAA	QFOAAA	OOOOxx
+2558	9611	0	2	8	18	58	558	558	2558	2558	116	117	KUAAAA	RFOAAA	VVVVxx
+2357	9612	1	1	7	17	57	357	357	2357	2357	114	115	RMAAAA	SFOAAA	AAAAxx
+6008	9613	0	0	8	8	8	8	8	1008	6008	16	17	CXAAAA	TFOAAA	HHHHxx
+8246	9614	0	2	6	6	46	246	246	3246	8246	92	93	EFAAAA	UFOAAA	OOOOxx
+8220	9615	0	0	0	0	20	220	220	3220	8220	40	41	EEAAAA	VFOAAA	VVVVxx
+1075	9616	1	3	5	15	75	75	1075	1075	1075	150	151	JPAAAA	WFOAAA	AAAAxx
+2410	9617	0	2	0	10	10	410	410	2410	2410	20	21	SOAAAA	XFOAAA	HHHHxx
+3253	9618	1	1	3	13	53	253	1253	3253	3253	106	107	DVAAAA	YFOAAA	OOOOxx
+4370	9619	0	2	0	10	70	370	370	4370	4370	140	141	CMAAAA	ZFOAAA	VVVVxx
+8426	9620	0	2	6	6	26	426	426	3426	8426	52	53	CMAAAA	AGOAAA	AAAAxx
+2262	9621	0	2	2	2	62	262	262	2262	2262	124	125	AJAAAA	BGOAAA	HHHHxx
+4149	9622	1	1	9	9	49	149	149	4149	4149	98	99	PDAAAA	CGOAAA	OOOOxx
+2732	9623	0	0	2	12	32	732	732	2732	2732	64	65	CBAAAA	DGOAAA	VVVVxx
+8606	9624	0	2	6	6	6	606	606	3606	8606	12	13	ATAAAA	EGOAAA	AAAAxx
+6311	9625	1	3	1	11	11	311	311	1311	6311	22	23	TIAAAA	FGOAAA	HHHHxx
+7223	9626	1	3	3	3	23	223	1223	2223	7223	46	47	VRAAAA	GGOAAA	OOOOxx
+3054	9627	0	2	4	14	54	54	1054	3054	3054	108	109	MNAAAA	HGOAAA	VVVVxx
+3952	9628	0	0	2	12	52	952	1952	3952	3952	104	105	AWAAAA	IGOAAA	AAAAxx
+8252	9629	0	0	2	12	52	252	252	3252	8252	104	105	KFAAAA	JGOAAA	HHHHxx
+6020	9630	0	0	0	0	20	20	20	1020	6020	40	41	OXAAAA	KGOAAA	OOOOxx
+3846	9631	0	2	6	6	46	846	1846	3846	3846	92	93	YRAAAA	LGOAAA	VVVVxx
+3755	9632	1	3	5	15	55	755	1755	3755	3755	110	111	LOAAAA	MGOAAA	AAAAxx
+3765	9633	1	1	5	5	65	765	1765	3765	3765	130	131	VOAAAA	NGOAAA	HHHHxx
+3434	9634	0	2	4	14	34	434	1434	3434	3434	68	69	CCAAAA	OGOAAA	OOOOxx
+1381	9635	1	1	1	1	81	381	1381	1381	1381	162	163	DBAAAA	PGOAAA	VVVVxx
+287	9636	1	3	7	7	87	287	287	287	287	174	175	BLAAAA	QGOAAA	AAAAxx
+4476	9637	0	0	6	16	76	476	476	4476	4476	152	153	EQAAAA	RGOAAA	HHHHxx
+2916	9638	0	0	6	16	16	916	916	2916	2916	32	33	EIAAAA	SGOAAA	OOOOxx
+4517	9639	1	1	7	17	17	517	517	4517	4517	34	35	TRAAAA	TGOAAA	VVVVxx
+4561	9640	1	1	1	1	61	561	561	4561	4561	122	123	LTAAAA	UGOAAA	AAAAxx
+5106	9641	0	2	6	6	6	106	1106	106	5106	12	13	KOAAAA	VGOAAA	HHHHxx
+2077	9642	1	1	7	17	77	77	77	2077	2077	154	155	XBAAAA	WGOAAA	OOOOxx
+5269	9643	1	1	9	9	69	269	1269	269	5269	138	139	RUAAAA	XGOAAA	VVVVxx
+5688	9644	0	0	8	8	88	688	1688	688	5688	176	177	UKAAAA	YGOAAA	AAAAxx
+8831	9645	1	3	1	11	31	831	831	3831	8831	62	63	RBAAAA	ZGOAAA	HHHHxx
+3867	9646	1	3	7	7	67	867	1867	3867	3867	134	135	TSAAAA	AHOAAA	OOOOxx
+6062	9647	0	2	2	2	62	62	62	1062	6062	124	125	EZAAAA	BHOAAA	VVVVxx
+8460	9648	0	0	0	0	60	460	460	3460	8460	120	121	KNAAAA	CHOAAA	AAAAxx
+3138	9649	0	2	8	18	38	138	1138	3138	3138	76	77	SQAAAA	DHOAAA	HHHHxx
+3173	9650	1	1	3	13	73	173	1173	3173	3173	146	147	BSAAAA	EHOAAA	OOOOxx
+7018	9651	0	2	8	18	18	18	1018	2018	7018	36	37	YJAAAA	FHOAAA	VVVVxx
+4836	9652	0	0	6	16	36	836	836	4836	4836	72	73	AEAAAA	GHOAAA	AAAAxx
+1007	9653	1	3	7	7	7	7	1007	1007	1007	14	15	TMAAAA	HHOAAA	HHHHxx
+658	9654	0	2	8	18	58	658	658	658	658	116	117	IZAAAA	IHOAAA	OOOOxx
+5205	9655	1	1	5	5	5	205	1205	205	5205	10	11	FSAAAA	JHOAAA	VVVVxx
+5805	9656	1	1	5	5	5	805	1805	805	5805	10	11	HPAAAA	KHOAAA	AAAAxx
+5959	9657	1	3	9	19	59	959	1959	959	5959	118	119	FVAAAA	LHOAAA	HHHHxx
+2863	9658	1	3	3	3	63	863	863	2863	2863	126	127	DGAAAA	MHOAAA	OOOOxx
+7272	9659	0	0	2	12	72	272	1272	2272	7272	144	145	STAAAA	NHOAAA	VVVVxx
+8437	9660	1	1	7	17	37	437	437	3437	8437	74	75	NMAAAA	OHOAAA	AAAAxx
+4900	9661	0	0	0	0	0	900	900	4900	4900	0	1	MGAAAA	PHOAAA	HHHHxx
+890	9662	0	2	0	10	90	890	890	890	890	180	181	GIAAAA	QHOAAA	OOOOxx
+3530	9663	0	2	0	10	30	530	1530	3530	3530	60	61	UFAAAA	RHOAAA	VVVVxx
+6209	9664	1	1	9	9	9	209	209	1209	6209	18	19	VEAAAA	SHOAAA	AAAAxx
+4595	9665	1	3	5	15	95	595	595	4595	4595	190	191	TUAAAA	THOAAA	HHHHxx
+5982	9666	0	2	2	2	82	982	1982	982	5982	164	165	CWAAAA	UHOAAA	OOOOxx
+1101	9667	1	1	1	1	1	101	1101	1101	1101	2	3	JQAAAA	VHOAAA	VVVVxx
+9555	9668	1	3	5	15	55	555	1555	4555	9555	110	111	NDAAAA	WHOAAA	AAAAxx
+1918	9669	0	2	8	18	18	918	1918	1918	1918	36	37	UVAAAA	XHOAAA	HHHHxx
+3527	9670	1	3	7	7	27	527	1527	3527	3527	54	55	RFAAAA	YHOAAA	OOOOxx
+7309	9671	1	1	9	9	9	309	1309	2309	7309	18	19	DVAAAA	ZHOAAA	VVVVxx
+8213	9672	1	1	3	13	13	213	213	3213	8213	26	27	XDAAAA	AIOAAA	AAAAxx
+306	9673	0	2	6	6	6	306	306	306	306	12	13	ULAAAA	BIOAAA	HHHHxx
+845	9674	1	1	5	5	45	845	845	845	845	90	91	NGAAAA	CIOAAA	OOOOxx
+16	9675	0	0	6	16	16	16	16	16	16	32	33	QAAAAA	DIOAAA	VVVVxx
+437	9676	1	1	7	17	37	437	437	437	437	74	75	VQAAAA	EIOAAA	AAAAxx
+9518	9677	0	2	8	18	18	518	1518	4518	9518	36	37	CCAAAA	FIOAAA	HHHHxx
+2142	9678	0	2	2	2	42	142	142	2142	2142	84	85	KEAAAA	GIOAAA	OOOOxx
+8121	9679	1	1	1	1	21	121	121	3121	8121	42	43	JAAAAA	HIOAAA	VVVVxx
+7354	9680	0	2	4	14	54	354	1354	2354	7354	108	109	WWAAAA	IIOAAA	AAAAxx
+1720	9681	0	0	0	0	20	720	1720	1720	1720	40	41	EOAAAA	JIOAAA	HHHHxx
+6078	9682	0	2	8	18	78	78	78	1078	6078	156	157	UZAAAA	KIOAAA	OOOOxx
+5929	9683	1	1	9	9	29	929	1929	929	5929	58	59	BUAAAA	LIOAAA	VVVVxx
+3856	9684	0	0	6	16	56	856	1856	3856	3856	112	113	ISAAAA	MIOAAA	AAAAxx
+3424	9685	0	0	4	4	24	424	1424	3424	3424	48	49	SBAAAA	NIOAAA	HHHHxx
+1712	9686	0	0	2	12	12	712	1712	1712	1712	24	25	WNAAAA	OIOAAA	OOOOxx
+2340	9687	0	0	0	0	40	340	340	2340	2340	80	81	AMAAAA	PIOAAA	VVVVxx
+5570	9688	0	2	0	10	70	570	1570	570	5570	140	141	GGAAAA	QIOAAA	AAAAxx
+8734	9689	0	2	4	14	34	734	734	3734	8734	68	69	YXAAAA	RIOAAA	HHHHxx
+6077	9690	1	1	7	17	77	77	77	1077	6077	154	155	TZAAAA	SIOAAA	OOOOxx
+2960	9691	0	0	0	0	60	960	960	2960	2960	120	121	WJAAAA	TIOAAA	VVVVxx
+5062	9692	0	2	2	2	62	62	1062	62	5062	124	125	SMAAAA	UIOAAA	AAAAxx
+1532	9693	0	0	2	12	32	532	1532	1532	1532	64	65	YGAAAA	VIOAAA	HHHHxx
+8298	9694	0	2	8	18	98	298	298	3298	8298	196	197	EHAAAA	WIOAAA	OOOOxx
+2496	9695	0	0	6	16	96	496	496	2496	2496	192	193	ASAAAA	XIOAAA	VVVVxx
+8412	9696	0	0	2	12	12	412	412	3412	8412	24	25	OLAAAA	YIOAAA	AAAAxx
+724	9697	0	0	4	4	24	724	724	724	724	48	49	WBAAAA	ZIOAAA	HHHHxx
+1019	9698	1	3	9	19	19	19	1019	1019	1019	38	39	FNAAAA	AJOAAA	OOOOxx
+6265	9699	1	1	5	5	65	265	265	1265	6265	130	131	ZGAAAA	BJOAAA	VVVVxx
+740	9700	0	0	0	0	40	740	740	740	740	80	81	MCAAAA	CJOAAA	AAAAxx
+8495	9701	1	3	5	15	95	495	495	3495	8495	190	191	TOAAAA	DJOAAA	HHHHxx
+6983	9702	1	3	3	3	83	983	983	1983	6983	166	167	PIAAAA	EJOAAA	OOOOxx
+991	9703	1	3	1	11	91	991	991	991	991	182	183	DMAAAA	FJOAAA	VVVVxx
+3189	9704	1	1	9	9	89	189	1189	3189	3189	178	179	RSAAAA	GJOAAA	AAAAxx
+4487	9705	1	3	7	7	87	487	487	4487	4487	174	175	PQAAAA	HJOAAA	HHHHxx
+5554	9706	0	2	4	14	54	554	1554	554	5554	108	109	QFAAAA	IJOAAA	OOOOxx
+1258	9707	0	2	8	18	58	258	1258	1258	1258	116	117	KWAAAA	JJOAAA	VVVVxx
+5359	9708	1	3	9	19	59	359	1359	359	5359	118	119	DYAAAA	KJOAAA	AAAAxx
+2709	9709	1	1	9	9	9	709	709	2709	2709	18	19	FAAAAA	LJOAAA	HHHHxx
+361	9710	1	1	1	1	61	361	361	361	361	122	123	XNAAAA	MJOAAA	OOOOxx
+4028	9711	0	0	8	8	28	28	28	4028	4028	56	57	YYAAAA	NJOAAA	VVVVxx
+3735	9712	1	3	5	15	35	735	1735	3735	3735	70	71	RNAAAA	OJOAAA	AAAAxx
+4427	9713	1	3	7	7	27	427	427	4427	4427	54	55	HOAAAA	PJOAAA	HHHHxx
+7540	9714	0	0	0	0	40	540	1540	2540	7540	80	81	AEAAAA	QJOAAA	OOOOxx
+3569	9715	1	1	9	9	69	569	1569	3569	3569	138	139	HHAAAA	RJOAAA	VVVVxx
+1916	9716	0	0	6	16	16	916	1916	1916	1916	32	33	SVAAAA	SJOAAA	AAAAxx
+7596	9717	0	0	6	16	96	596	1596	2596	7596	192	193	EGAAAA	TJOAAA	HHHHxx
+9721	9718	1	1	1	1	21	721	1721	4721	9721	42	43	XJAAAA	UJOAAA	OOOOxx
+4429	9719	1	1	9	9	29	429	429	4429	4429	58	59	JOAAAA	VJOAAA	VVVVxx
+3471	9720	1	3	1	11	71	471	1471	3471	3471	142	143	NDAAAA	WJOAAA	AAAAxx
+1157	9721	1	1	7	17	57	157	1157	1157	1157	114	115	NSAAAA	XJOAAA	HHHHxx
+5700	9722	0	0	0	0	0	700	1700	700	5700	0	1	GLAAAA	YJOAAA	OOOOxx
+4431	9723	1	3	1	11	31	431	431	4431	4431	62	63	LOAAAA	ZJOAAA	VVVVxx
+9409	9724	1	1	9	9	9	409	1409	4409	9409	18	19	XXAAAA	AKOAAA	AAAAxx
+8752	9725	0	0	2	12	52	752	752	3752	8752	104	105	QYAAAA	BKOAAA	HHHHxx
+9484	9726	0	0	4	4	84	484	1484	4484	9484	168	169	UAAAAA	CKOAAA	OOOOxx
+1266	9727	0	2	6	6	66	266	1266	1266	1266	132	133	SWAAAA	DKOAAA	VVVVxx
+9097	9728	1	1	7	17	97	97	1097	4097	9097	194	195	XLAAAA	EKOAAA	AAAAxx
+3068	9729	0	0	8	8	68	68	1068	3068	3068	136	137	AOAAAA	FKOAAA	HHHHxx
+5490	9730	0	2	0	10	90	490	1490	490	5490	180	181	EDAAAA	GKOAAA	OOOOxx
+1375	9731	1	3	5	15	75	375	1375	1375	1375	150	151	XAAAAA	HKOAAA	VVVVxx
+2487	9732	1	3	7	7	87	487	487	2487	2487	174	175	RRAAAA	IKOAAA	AAAAxx
+1705	9733	1	1	5	5	5	705	1705	1705	1705	10	11	PNAAAA	JKOAAA	HHHHxx
+1571	9734	1	3	1	11	71	571	1571	1571	1571	142	143	LIAAAA	KKOAAA	OOOOxx
+4005	9735	1	1	5	5	5	5	5	4005	4005	10	11	BYAAAA	LKOAAA	VVVVxx
+5497	9736	1	1	7	17	97	497	1497	497	5497	194	195	LDAAAA	MKOAAA	AAAAxx
+2144	9737	0	0	4	4	44	144	144	2144	2144	88	89	MEAAAA	NKOAAA	HHHHxx
+4052	9738	0	0	2	12	52	52	52	4052	4052	104	105	WZAAAA	OKOAAA	OOOOxx
+4942	9739	0	2	2	2	42	942	942	4942	4942	84	85	CIAAAA	PKOAAA	VVVVxx
+5504	9740	0	0	4	4	4	504	1504	504	5504	8	9	SDAAAA	QKOAAA	AAAAxx
+2913	9741	1	1	3	13	13	913	913	2913	2913	26	27	BIAAAA	RKOAAA	HHHHxx
+5617	9742	1	1	7	17	17	617	1617	617	5617	34	35	BIAAAA	SKOAAA	OOOOxx
+8179	9743	1	3	9	19	79	179	179	3179	8179	158	159	PCAAAA	TKOAAA	VVVVxx
+9437	9744	1	1	7	17	37	437	1437	4437	9437	74	75	ZYAAAA	UKOAAA	AAAAxx
+1821	9745	1	1	1	1	21	821	1821	1821	1821	42	43	BSAAAA	VKOAAA	HHHHxx
+5737	9746	1	1	7	17	37	737	1737	737	5737	74	75	RMAAAA	WKOAAA	OOOOxx
+4207	9747	1	3	7	7	7	207	207	4207	4207	14	15	VFAAAA	XKOAAA	VVVVxx
+4815	9748	1	3	5	15	15	815	815	4815	4815	30	31	FDAAAA	YKOAAA	AAAAxx
+8707	9749	1	3	7	7	7	707	707	3707	8707	14	15	XWAAAA	ZKOAAA	HHHHxx
+5970	9750	0	2	0	10	70	970	1970	970	5970	140	141	QVAAAA	ALOAAA	OOOOxx
+5501	9751	1	1	1	1	1	501	1501	501	5501	2	3	PDAAAA	BLOAAA	VVVVxx
+4013	9752	1	1	3	13	13	13	13	4013	4013	26	27	JYAAAA	CLOAAA	AAAAxx
+9235	9753	1	3	5	15	35	235	1235	4235	9235	70	71	FRAAAA	DLOAAA	HHHHxx
+2503	9754	1	3	3	3	3	503	503	2503	2503	6	7	HSAAAA	ELOAAA	OOOOxx
+9181	9755	1	1	1	1	81	181	1181	4181	9181	162	163	DPAAAA	FLOAAA	VVVVxx
+2289	9756	1	1	9	9	89	289	289	2289	2289	178	179	BKAAAA	GLOAAA	AAAAxx
+4256	9757	0	0	6	16	56	256	256	4256	4256	112	113	SHAAAA	HLOAAA	HHHHxx
+191	9758	1	3	1	11	91	191	191	191	191	182	183	JHAAAA	ILOAAA	OOOOxx
+9655	9759	1	3	5	15	55	655	1655	4655	9655	110	111	JHAAAA	JLOAAA	VVVVxx
+8615	9760	1	3	5	15	15	615	615	3615	8615	30	31	JTAAAA	KLOAAA	AAAAxx
+3011	9761	1	3	1	11	11	11	1011	3011	3011	22	23	VLAAAA	LLOAAA	HHHHxx
+6376	9762	0	0	6	16	76	376	376	1376	6376	152	153	GLAAAA	MLOAAA	OOOOxx
+68	9763	0	0	8	8	68	68	68	68	68	136	137	QCAAAA	NLOAAA	VVVVxx
+4720	9764	0	0	0	0	20	720	720	4720	4720	40	41	OZAAAA	OLOAAA	AAAAxx
+6848	9765	0	0	8	8	48	848	848	1848	6848	96	97	KDAAAA	PLOAAA	HHHHxx
+456	9766	0	0	6	16	56	456	456	456	456	112	113	ORAAAA	QLOAAA	OOOOxx
+5887	9767	1	3	7	7	87	887	1887	887	5887	174	175	LSAAAA	RLOAAA	VVVVxx
+9249	9768	1	1	9	9	49	249	1249	4249	9249	98	99	TRAAAA	SLOAAA	AAAAxx
+4041	9769	1	1	1	1	41	41	41	4041	4041	82	83	LZAAAA	TLOAAA	HHHHxx
+2304	9770	0	0	4	4	4	304	304	2304	2304	8	9	QKAAAA	ULOAAA	OOOOxx
+8763	9771	1	3	3	3	63	763	763	3763	8763	126	127	BZAAAA	VLOAAA	VVVVxx
+2115	9772	1	3	5	15	15	115	115	2115	2115	30	31	JDAAAA	WLOAAA	AAAAxx
+8014	9773	0	2	4	14	14	14	14	3014	8014	28	29	GWAAAA	XLOAAA	HHHHxx
+9895	9774	1	3	5	15	95	895	1895	4895	9895	190	191	PQAAAA	YLOAAA	OOOOxx
+671	9775	1	3	1	11	71	671	671	671	671	142	143	VZAAAA	ZLOAAA	VVVVxx
+3774	9776	0	2	4	14	74	774	1774	3774	3774	148	149	EPAAAA	AMOAAA	AAAAxx
+134	9777	0	2	4	14	34	134	134	134	134	68	69	EFAAAA	BMOAAA	HHHHxx
+534	9778	0	2	4	14	34	534	534	534	534	68	69	OUAAAA	CMOAAA	OOOOxx
+7308	9779	0	0	8	8	8	308	1308	2308	7308	16	17	CVAAAA	DMOAAA	VVVVxx
+5244	9780	0	0	4	4	44	244	1244	244	5244	88	89	STAAAA	EMOAAA	AAAAxx
+1512	9781	0	0	2	12	12	512	1512	1512	1512	24	25	EGAAAA	FMOAAA	HHHHxx
+8960	9782	0	0	0	0	60	960	960	3960	8960	120	121	QGAAAA	GMOAAA	OOOOxx
+6602	9783	0	2	2	2	2	602	602	1602	6602	4	5	YTAAAA	HMOAAA	VVVVxx
+593	9784	1	1	3	13	93	593	593	593	593	186	187	VWAAAA	IMOAAA	AAAAxx
+2353	9785	1	1	3	13	53	353	353	2353	2353	106	107	NMAAAA	JMOAAA	HHHHxx
+4139	9786	1	3	9	19	39	139	139	4139	4139	78	79	FDAAAA	KMOAAA	OOOOxx
+3063	9787	1	3	3	3	63	63	1063	3063	3063	126	127	VNAAAA	LMOAAA	VVVVxx
+652	9788	0	0	2	12	52	652	652	652	652	104	105	CZAAAA	MMOAAA	AAAAxx
+7405	9789	1	1	5	5	5	405	1405	2405	7405	10	11	VYAAAA	NMOAAA	HHHHxx
+3034	9790	0	2	4	14	34	34	1034	3034	3034	68	69	SMAAAA	OMOAAA	OOOOxx
+4614	9791	0	2	4	14	14	614	614	4614	4614	28	29	MVAAAA	PMOAAA	VVVVxx
+2351	9792	1	3	1	11	51	351	351	2351	2351	102	103	LMAAAA	QMOAAA	AAAAxx
+8208	9793	0	0	8	8	8	208	208	3208	8208	16	17	SDAAAA	RMOAAA	HHHHxx
+5475	9794	1	3	5	15	75	475	1475	475	5475	150	151	PCAAAA	SMOAAA	OOOOxx
+6875	9795	1	3	5	15	75	875	875	1875	6875	150	151	LEAAAA	TMOAAA	VVVVxx
+563	9796	1	3	3	3	63	563	563	563	563	126	127	RVAAAA	UMOAAA	AAAAxx
+3346	9797	0	2	6	6	46	346	1346	3346	3346	92	93	SYAAAA	VMOAAA	HHHHxx
+291	9798	1	3	1	11	91	291	291	291	291	182	183	FLAAAA	WMOAAA	OOOOxx
+6345	9799	1	1	5	5	45	345	345	1345	6345	90	91	BKAAAA	XMOAAA	VVVVxx
+8099	9800	1	3	9	19	99	99	99	3099	8099	198	199	NZAAAA	YMOAAA	AAAAxx
+2078	9801	0	2	8	18	78	78	78	2078	2078	156	157	YBAAAA	ZMOAAA	HHHHxx
+8238	9802	0	2	8	18	38	238	238	3238	8238	76	77	WEAAAA	ANOAAA	OOOOxx
+4482	9803	0	2	2	2	82	482	482	4482	4482	164	165	KQAAAA	BNOAAA	VVVVxx
+716	9804	0	0	6	16	16	716	716	716	716	32	33	OBAAAA	CNOAAA	AAAAxx
+7288	9805	0	0	8	8	88	288	1288	2288	7288	176	177	IUAAAA	DNOAAA	HHHHxx
+5906	9806	0	2	6	6	6	906	1906	906	5906	12	13	ETAAAA	ENOAAA	OOOOxx
+5618	9807	0	2	8	18	18	618	1618	618	5618	36	37	CIAAAA	FNOAAA	VVVVxx
+1141	9808	1	1	1	1	41	141	1141	1141	1141	82	83	XRAAAA	GNOAAA	AAAAxx
+8231	9809	1	3	1	11	31	231	231	3231	8231	62	63	PEAAAA	HNOAAA	HHHHxx
+3713	9810	1	1	3	13	13	713	1713	3713	3713	26	27	VMAAAA	INOAAA	OOOOxx
+9158	9811	0	2	8	18	58	158	1158	4158	9158	116	117	GOAAAA	JNOAAA	VVVVxx
+4051	9812	1	3	1	11	51	51	51	4051	4051	102	103	VZAAAA	KNOAAA	AAAAxx
+1973	9813	1	1	3	13	73	973	1973	1973	1973	146	147	XXAAAA	LNOAAA	HHHHxx
+6710	9814	0	2	0	10	10	710	710	1710	6710	20	21	CYAAAA	MNOAAA	OOOOxx
+1021	9815	1	1	1	1	21	21	1021	1021	1021	42	43	HNAAAA	NNOAAA	VVVVxx
+2196	9816	0	0	6	16	96	196	196	2196	2196	192	193	MGAAAA	ONOAAA	AAAAxx
+8335	9817	1	3	5	15	35	335	335	3335	8335	70	71	PIAAAA	PNOAAA	HHHHxx
+2272	9818	0	0	2	12	72	272	272	2272	2272	144	145	KJAAAA	QNOAAA	OOOOxx
+3818	9819	0	2	8	18	18	818	1818	3818	3818	36	37	WQAAAA	RNOAAA	VVVVxx
+679	9820	1	3	9	19	79	679	679	679	679	158	159	DAAAAA	SNOAAA	AAAAxx
+7512	9821	0	0	2	12	12	512	1512	2512	7512	24	25	YCAAAA	TNOAAA	HHHHxx
+493	9822	1	1	3	13	93	493	493	493	493	186	187	ZSAAAA	UNOAAA	OOOOxx
+5663	9823	1	3	3	3	63	663	1663	663	5663	126	127	VJAAAA	VNOAAA	VVVVxx
+4655	9824	1	3	5	15	55	655	655	4655	4655	110	111	BXAAAA	WNOAAA	AAAAxx
+3996	9825	0	0	6	16	96	996	1996	3996	3996	192	193	SXAAAA	XNOAAA	HHHHxx
+8797	9826	1	1	7	17	97	797	797	3797	8797	194	195	JAAAAA	YNOAAA	OOOOxx
+2991	9827	1	3	1	11	91	991	991	2991	2991	182	183	BLAAAA	ZNOAAA	VVVVxx
+7038	9828	0	2	8	18	38	38	1038	2038	7038	76	77	SKAAAA	AOOAAA	AAAAxx
+4174	9829	0	2	4	14	74	174	174	4174	4174	148	149	OEAAAA	BOOAAA	HHHHxx
+6908	9830	0	0	8	8	8	908	908	1908	6908	16	17	SFAAAA	COOAAA	OOOOxx
+8477	9831	1	1	7	17	77	477	477	3477	8477	154	155	BOAAAA	DOOAAA	VVVVxx
+3576	9832	0	0	6	16	76	576	1576	3576	3576	152	153	OHAAAA	EOOAAA	AAAAxx
+2685	9833	1	1	5	5	85	685	685	2685	2685	170	171	HZAAAA	FOOAAA	HHHHxx
+9161	9834	1	1	1	1	61	161	1161	4161	9161	122	123	JOAAAA	GOOAAA	OOOOxx
+2951	9835	1	3	1	11	51	951	951	2951	2951	102	103	NJAAAA	HOOAAA	VVVVxx
+8362	9836	0	2	2	2	62	362	362	3362	8362	124	125	QJAAAA	IOOAAA	AAAAxx
+2379	9837	1	3	9	19	79	379	379	2379	2379	158	159	NNAAAA	JOOAAA	HHHHxx
+1277	9838	1	1	7	17	77	277	1277	1277	1277	154	155	DXAAAA	KOOAAA	OOOOxx
+1728	9839	0	0	8	8	28	728	1728	1728	1728	56	57	MOAAAA	LOOAAA	VVVVxx
+9816	9840	0	0	6	16	16	816	1816	4816	9816	32	33	ONAAAA	MOOAAA	AAAAxx
+6288	9841	0	0	8	8	88	288	288	1288	6288	176	177	WHAAAA	NOOAAA	HHHHxx
+8985	9842	1	1	5	5	85	985	985	3985	8985	170	171	PHAAAA	OOOAAA	OOOOxx
+771	9843	1	3	1	11	71	771	771	771	771	142	143	RDAAAA	POOAAA	VVVVxx
+464	9844	0	0	4	4	64	464	464	464	464	128	129	WRAAAA	QOOAAA	AAAAxx
+9625	9845	1	1	5	5	25	625	1625	4625	9625	50	51	FGAAAA	ROOAAA	HHHHxx
+9608	9846	0	0	8	8	8	608	1608	4608	9608	16	17	OFAAAA	SOOAAA	OOOOxx
+9170	9847	0	2	0	10	70	170	1170	4170	9170	140	141	SOAAAA	TOOAAA	VVVVxx
+9658	9848	0	2	8	18	58	658	1658	4658	9658	116	117	MHAAAA	UOOAAA	AAAAxx
+7515	9849	1	3	5	15	15	515	1515	2515	7515	30	31	BDAAAA	VOOAAA	HHHHxx
+9400	9850	0	0	0	0	0	400	1400	4400	9400	0	1	OXAAAA	WOOAAA	OOOOxx
+2045	9851	1	1	5	5	45	45	45	2045	2045	90	91	RAAAAA	XOOAAA	VVVVxx
+324	9852	0	0	4	4	24	324	324	324	324	48	49	MMAAAA	YOOAAA	AAAAxx
+4252	9853	0	0	2	12	52	252	252	4252	4252	104	105	OHAAAA	ZOOAAA	HHHHxx
+8329	9854	1	1	9	9	29	329	329	3329	8329	58	59	JIAAAA	APOAAA	OOOOxx
+4472	9855	0	0	2	12	72	472	472	4472	4472	144	145	AQAAAA	BPOAAA	VVVVxx
+1047	9856	1	3	7	7	47	47	1047	1047	1047	94	95	HOAAAA	CPOAAA	AAAAxx
+9341	9857	1	1	1	1	41	341	1341	4341	9341	82	83	HVAAAA	DPOAAA	HHHHxx
+7000	9858	0	0	0	0	0	0	1000	2000	7000	0	1	GJAAAA	EPOAAA	OOOOxx
+1429	9859	1	1	9	9	29	429	1429	1429	1429	58	59	ZCAAAA	FPOAAA	VVVVxx
+2701	9860	1	1	1	1	1	701	701	2701	2701	2	3	XZAAAA	GPOAAA	AAAAxx
+6630	9861	0	2	0	10	30	630	630	1630	6630	60	61	AVAAAA	HPOAAA	HHHHxx
+3669	9862	1	1	9	9	69	669	1669	3669	3669	138	139	DLAAAA	IPOAAA	OOOOxx
+8613	9863	1	1	3	13	13	613	613	3613	8613	26	27	HTAAAA	JPOAAA	VVVVxx
+7080	9864	0	0	0	0	80	80	1080	2080	7080	160	161	IMAAAA	KPOAAA	AAAAxx
+8788	9865	0	0	8	8	88	788	788	3788	8788	176	177	AAAAAA	LPOAAA	HHHHxx
+6291	9866	1	3	1	11	91	291	291	1291	6291	182	183	ZHAAAA	MPOAAA	OOOOxx
+7885	9867	1	1	5	5	85	885	1885	2885	7885	170	171	HRAAAA	NPOAAA	VVVVxx
+7160	9868	0	0	0	0	60	160	1160	2160	7160	120	121	KPAAAA	OPOAAA	AAAAxx
+6140	9869	0	0	0	0	40	140	140	1140	6140	80	81	ECAAAA	PPOAAA	HHHHxx
+9881	9870	1	1	1	1	81	881	1881	4881	9881	162	163	BQAAAA	QPOAAA	OOOOxx
+9140	9871	0	0	0	0	40	140	1140	4140	9140	80	81	ONAAAA	RPOAAA	VVVVxx
+644	9872	0	0	4	4	44	644	644	644	644	88	89	UYAAAA	SPOAAA	AAAAxx
+3667	9873	1	3	7	7	67	667	1667	3667	3667	134	135	BLAAAA	TPOAAA	HHHHxx
+2675	9874	1	3	5	15	75	675	675	2675	2675	150	151	XYAAAA	UPOAAA	OOOOxx
+9492	9875	0	0	2	12	92	492	1492	4492	9492	184	185	CBAAAA	VPOAAA	VVVVxx
+5004	9876	0	0	4	4	4	4	1004	4	5004	8	9	MKAAAA	WPOAAA	AAAAxx
+9456	9877	0	0	6	16	56	456	1456	4456	9456	112	113	SZAAAA	XPOAAA	HHHHxx
+8197	9878	1	1	7	17	97	197	197	3197	8197	194	195	HDAAAA	YPOAAA	OOOOxx
+2837	9879	1	1	7	17	37	837	837	2837	2837	74	75	DFAAAA	ZPOAAA	VVVVxx
+127	9880	1	3	7	7	27	127	127	127	127	54	55	XEAAAA	AQOAAA	AAAAxx
+9772	9881	0	0	2	12	72	772	1772	4772	9772	144	145	WLAAAA	BQOAAA	HHHHxx
+5743	9882	1	3	3	3	43	743	1743	743	5743	86	87	XMAAAA	CQOAAA	OOOOxx
+2007	9883	1	3	7	7	7	7	7	2007	2007	14	15	FZAAAA	DQOAAA	VVVVxx
+7586	9884	0	2	6	6	86	586	1586	2586	7586	172	173	UFAAAA	EQOAAA	AAAAxx
+45	9885	1	1	5	5	45	45	45	45	45	90	91	TBAAAA	FQOAAA	HHHHxx
+6482	9886	0	2	2	2	82	482	482	1482	6482	164	165	IPAAAA	GQOAAA	OOOOxx
+4565	9887	1	1	5	5	65	565	565	4565	4565	130	131	PTAAAA	HQOAAA	VVVVxx
+6975	9888	1	3	5	15	75	975	975	1975	6975	150	151	HIAAAA	IQOAAA	AAAAxx
+7260	9889	0	0	0	0	60	260	1260	2260	7260	120	121	GTAAAA	JQOAAA	HHHHxx
+2830	9890	0	2	0	10	30	830	830	2830	2830	60	61	WEAAAA	KQOAAA	OOOOxx
+9365	9891	1	1	5	5	65	365	1365	4365	9365	130	131	FWAAAA	LQOAAA	VVVVxx
+8207	9892	1	3	7	7	7	207	207	3207	8207	14	15	RDAAAA	MQOAAA	AAAAxx
+2506	9893	0	2	6	6	6	506	506	2506	2506	12	13	KSAAAA	NQOAAA	HHHHxx
+8081	9894	1	1	1	1	81	81	81	3081	8081	162	163	VYAAAA	OQOAAA	OOOOxx
+8678	9895	0	2	8	18	78	678	678	3678	8678	156	157	UVAAAA	PQOAAA	VVVVxx
+9932	9896	0	0	2	12	32	932	1932	4932	9932	64	65	ASAAAA	QQOAAA	AAAAxx
+447	9897	1	3	7	7	47	447	447	447	447	94	95	FRAAAA	RQOAAA	HHHHxx
+9187	9898	1	3	7	7	87	187	1187	4187	9187	174	175	JPAAAA	SQOAAA	OOOOxx
+89	9899	1	1	9	9	89	89	89	89	89	178	179	LDAAAA	TQOAAA	VVVVxx
+7027	9900	1	3	7	7	27	27	1027	2027	7027	54	55	HKAAAA	UQOAAA	AAAAxx
+1536	9901	0	0	6	16	36	536	1536	1536	1536	72	73	CHAAAA	VQOAAA	HHHHxx
+160	9902	0	0	0	0	60	160	160	160	160	120	121	EGAAAA	WQOAAA	OOOOxx
+7679	9903	1	3	9	19	79	679	1679	2679	7679	158	159	JJAAAA	XQOAAA	VVVVxx
+5973	9904	1	1	3	13	73	973	1973	973	5973	146	147	TVAAAA	YQOAAA	AAAAxx
+4401	9905	1	1	1	1	1	401	401	4401	4401	2	3	HNAAAA	ZQOAAA	HHHHxx
+395	9906	1	3	5	15	95	395	395	395	395	190	191	FPAAAA	AROAAA	OOOOxx
+4904	9907	0	0	4	4	4	904	904	4904	4904	8	9	QGAAAA	BROAAA	VVVVxx
+2759	9908	1	3	9	19	59	759	759	2759	2759	118	119	DCAAAA	CROAAA	AAAAxx
+8713	9909	1	1	3	13	13	713	713	3713	8713	26	27	DXAAAA	DROAAA	HHHHxx
+3770	9910	0	2	0	10	70	770	1770	3770	3770	140	141	APAAAA	EROAAA	OOOOxx
+8272	9911	0	0	2	12	72	272	272	3272	8272	144	145	EGAAAA	FROAAA	VVVVxx
+5358	9912	0	2	8	18	58	358	1358	358	5358	116	117	CYAAAA	GROAAA	AAAAxx
+9747	9913	1	3	7	7	47	747	1747	4747	9747	94	95	XKAAAA	HROAAA	HHHHxx
+1567	9914	1	3	7	7	67	567	1567	1567	1567	134	135	HIAAAA	IROAAA	OOOOxx
+2136	9915	0	0	6	16	36	136	136	2136	2136	72	73	EEAAAA	JROAAA	VVVVxx
+314	9916	0	2	4	14	14	314	314	314	314	28	29	CMAAAA	KROAAA	AAAAxx
+4583	9917	1	3	3	3	83	583	583	4583	4583	166	167	HUAAAA	LROAAA	HHHHxx
+375	9918	1	3	5	15	75	375	375	375	375	150	151	LOAAAA	MROAAA	OOOOxx
+5566	9919	0	2	6	6	66	566	1566	566	5566	132	133	CGAAAA	NROAAA	VVVVxx
+6865	9920	1	1	5	5	65	865	865	1865	6865	130	131	BEAAAA	OROAAA	AAAAxx
+894	9921	0	2	4	14	94	894	894	894	894	188	189	KIAAAA	PROAAA	HHHHxx
+5399	9922	1	3	9	19	99	399	1399	399	5399	198	199	RZAAAA	QROAAA	OOOOxx
+1385	9923	1	1	5	5	85	385	1385	1385	1385	170	171	HBAAAA	RROAAA	VVVVxx
+2156	9924	0	0	6	16	56	156	156	2156	2156	112	113	YEAAAA	SROAAA	AAAAxx
+9659	9925	1	3	9	19	59	659	1659	4659	9659	118	119	NHAAAA	TROAAA	HHHHxx
+477	9926	1	1	7	17	77	477	477	477	477	154	155	JSAAAA	UROAAA	OOOOxx
+8194	9927	0	2	4	14	94	194	194	3194	8194	188	189	EDAAAA	VROAAA	VVVVxx
+3937	9928	1	1	7	17	37	937	1937	3937	3937	74	75	LVAAAA	WROAAA	AAAAxx
+3745	9929	1	1	5	5	45	745	1745	3745	3745	90	91	BOAAAA	XROAAA	HHHHxx
+4096	9930	0	0	6	16	96	96	96	4096	4096	192	193	OBAAAA	YROAAA	OOOOxx
+5487	9931	1	3	7	7	87	487	1487	487	5487	174	175	BDAAAA	ZROAAA	VVVVxx
+2475	9932	1	3	5	15	75	475	475	2475	2475	150	151	FRAAAA	ASOAAA	AAAAxx
+6105	9933	1	1	5	5	5	105	105	1105	6105	10	11	VAAAAA	BSOAAA	HHHHxx
+6036	9934	0	0	6	16	36	36	36	1036	6036	72	73	EYAAAA	CSOAAA	OOOOxx
+1315	9935	1	3	5	15	15	315	1315	1315	1315	30	31	PYAAAA	DSOAAA	VVVVxx
+4473	9936	1	1	3	13	73	473	473	4473	4473	146	147	BQAAAA	ESOAAA	AAAAxx
+4016	9937	0	0	6	16	16	16	16	4016	4016	32	33	MYAAAA	FSOAAA	HHHHxx
+8135	9938	1	3	5	15	35	135	135	3135	8135	70	71	XAAAAA	GSOAAA	OOOOxx
+8892	9939	0	0	2	12	92	892	892	3892	8892	184	185	AEAAAA	HSOAAA	VVVVxx
+4850	9940	0	2	0	10	50	850	850	4850	4850	100	101	OEAAAA	ISOAAA	AAAAxx
+2545	9941	1	1	5	5	45	545	545	2545	2545	90	91	XTAAAA	JSOAAA	HHHHxx
+3788	9942	0	0	8	8	88	788	1788	3788	3788	176	177	SPAAAA	KSOAAA	OOOOxx
+1672	9943	0	0	2	12	72	672	1672	1672	1672	144	145	IMAAAA	LSOAAA	VVVVxx
+3664	9944	0	0	4	4	64	664	1664	3664	3664	128	129	YKAAAA	MSOAAA	AAAAxx
+3775	9945	1	3	5	15	75	775	1775	3775	3775	150	151	FPAAAA	NSOAAA	HHHHxx
+3103	9946	1	3	3	3	3	103	1103	3103	3103	6	7	JPAAAA	OSOAAA	OOOOxx
+9335	9947	1	3	5	15	35	335	1335	4335	9335	70	71	BVAAAA	PSOAAA	VVVVxx
+9200	9948	0	0	0	0	0	200	1200	4200	9200	0	1	WPAAAA	QSOAAA	AAAAxx
+8665	9949	1	1	5	5	65	665	665	3665	8665	130	131	HVAAAA	RSOAAA	HHHHxx
+1356	9950	0	0	6	16	56	356	1356	1356	1356	112	113	EAAAAA	SSOAAA	OOOOxx
+6118	9951	0	2	8	18	18	118	118	1118	6118	36	37	IBAAAA	TSOAAA	VVVVxx
+4605	9952	1	1	5	5	5	605	605	4605	4605	10	11	DVAAAA	USOAAA	AAAAxx
+5651	9953	1	3	1	11	51	651	1651	651	5651	102	103	JJAAAA	VSOAAA	HHHHxx
+9055	9954	1	3	5	15	55	55	1055	4055	9055	110	111	HKAAAA	WSOAAA	OOOOxx
+8461	9955	1	1	1	1	61	461	461	3461	8461	122	123	LNAAAA	XSOAAA	VVVVxx
+6107	9956	1	3	7	7	7	107	107	1107	6107	14	15	XAAAAA	YSOAAA	AAAAxx
+1967	9957	1	3	7	7	67	967	1967	1967	1967	134	135	RXAAAA	ZSOAAA	HHHHxx
+8910	9958	0	2	0	10	10	910	910	3910	8910	20	21	SEAAAA	ATOAAA	OOOOxx
+8257	9959	1	1	7	17	57	257	257	3257	8257	114	115	PFAAAA	BTOAAA	VVVVxx
+851	9960	1	3	1	11	51	851	851	851	851	102	103	TGAAAA	CTOAAA	AAAAxx
+7823	9961	1	3	3	3	23	823	1823	2823	7823	46	47	XOAAAA	DTOAAA	HHHHxx
+3208	9962	0	0	8	8	8	208	1208	3208	3208	16	17	KTAAAA	ETOAAA	OOOOxx
+856	9963	0	0	6	16	56	856	856	856	856	112	113	YGAAAA	FTOAAA	VVVVxx
+2654	9964	0	2	4	14	54	654	654	2654	2654	108	109	CYAAAA	GTOAAA	AAAAxx
+7185	9965	1	1	5	5	85	185	1185	2185	7185	170	171	JQAAAA	HTOAAA	HHHHxx
+309	9966	1	1	9	9	9	309	309	309	309	18	19	XLAAAA	ITOAAA	OOOOxx
+9752	9967	0	0	2	12	52	752	1752	4752	9752	104	105	CLAAAA	JTOAAA	VVVVxx
+6405	9968	1	1	5	5	5	405	405	1405	6405	10	11	JMAAAA	KTOAAA	AAAAxx
+6113	9969	1	1	3	13	13	113	113	1113	6113	26	27	DBAAAA	LTOAAA	HHHHxx
+9774	9970	0	2	4	14	74	774	1774	4774	9774	148	149	YLAAAA	MTOAAA	OOOOxx
+1674	9971	0	2	4	14	74	674	1674	1674	1674	148	149	KMAAAA	NTOAAA	VVVVxx
+9602	9972	0	2	2	2	2	602	1602	4602	9602	4	5	IFAAAA	OTOAAA	AAAAxx
+1363	9973	1	3	3	3	63	363	1363	1363	1363	126	127	LAAAAA	PTOAAA	HHHHxx
+6887	9974	1	3	7	7	87	887	887	1887	6887	174	175	XEAAAA	QTOAAA	OOOOxx
+6170	9975	0	2	0	10	70	170	170	1170	6170	140	141	IDAAAA	RTOAAA	VVVVxx
+8888	9976	0	0	8	8	88	888	888	3888	8888	176	177	WDAAAA	STOAAA	AAAAxx
+2981	9977	1	1	1	1	81	981	981	2981	2981	162	163	RKAAAA	TTOAAA	HHHHxx
+7369	9978	1	1	9	9	69	369	1369	2369	7369	138	139	LXAAAA	UTOAAA	OOOOxx
+6227	9979	1	3	7	7	27	227	227	1227	6227	54	55	NFAAAA	VTOAAA	VVVVxx
+8002	9980	0	2	2	2	2	2	2	3002	8002	4	5	UVAAAA	WTOAAA	AAAAxx
+4288	9981	0	0	8	8	88	288	288	4288	4288	176	177	YIAAAA	XTOAAA	HHHHxx
+5136	9982	0	0	6	16	36	136	1136	136	5136	72	73	OPAAAA	YTOAAA	OOOOxx
+1084	9983	0	0	4	4	84	84	1084	1084	1084	168	169	SPAAAA	ZTOAAA	VVVVxx
+9117	9984	1	1	7	17	17	117	1117	4117	9117	34	35	RMAAAA	AUOAAA	AAAAxx
+2406	9985	0	2	6	6	6	406	406	2406	2406	12	13	OOAAAA	BUOAAA	HHHHxx
+1384	9986	0	0	4	4	84	384	1384	1384	1384	168	169	GBAAAA	CUOAAA	OOOOxx
+9194	9987	0	2	4	14	94	194	1194	4194	9194	188	189	QPAAAA	DUOAAA	VVVVxx
+858	9988	0	2	8	18	58	858	858	858	858	116	117	AHAAAA	EUOAAA	AAAAxx
+8592	9989	0	0	2	12	92	592	592	3592	8592	184	185	MSAAAA	FUOAAA	HHHHxx
+4773	9990	1	1	3	13	73	773	773	4773	4773	146	147	PBAAAA	GUOAAA	OOOOxx
+4093	9991	1	1	3	13	93	93	93	4093	4093	186	187	LBAAAA	HUOAAA	VVVVxx
+6587	9992	1	3	7	7	87	587	587	1587	6587	174	175	JTAAAA	IUOAAA	AAAAxx
+6093	9993	1	1	3	13	93	93	93	1093	6093	186	187	JAAAAA	JUOAAA	HHHHxx
+429	9994	1	1	9	9	29	429	429	429	429	58	59	NQAAAA	KUOAAA	OOOOxx
+5780	9995	0	0	0	0	80	780	1780	780	5780	160	161	IOAAAA	LUOAAA	VVVVxx
+1783	9996	1	3	3	3	83	783	1783	1783	1783	166	167	PQAAAA	MUOAAA	AAAAxx
+2992	9997	0	0	2	12	92	992	992	2992	2992	184	185	CLAAAA	NUOAAA	HHHHxx
+0	9998	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	AAAAAA	OUOAAA	OOOOxx
+2968	9999	0	0	8	8	68	968	968	2968	2968	136	137	EKAAAA	PUOAAA	VVVVxx
diff --git a/src/test/regress/data/tsearch.data b/src/test/regress/data/tsearch.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a60f39b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/data/tsearch.data
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
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+\n	qk wa q6 jj ws ut gd gf ly ec pj sa pd wl e5 wc da kx zk zz zb wv rm te
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+\n	gh cm ca rg uy pm y7 g8 lx yc qi re uh yn uq eh tz ph wo cr sv fp kh sl oi sx ov ga iu h1 je fd rv qv wi jy yy ry o4 tq si
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+\n	dv d2 cd qc zt 25 xp wd te es sh eo wn f4 wo tv oc
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+\n	ps pt vq kc bs vu vo xu ee ib hv wj x3 nu ud yf qh wb lb gz
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+\n	uv ra qs ty jh q4 o4 bc vr o9 rg jz mc r4 ui g1 ey g3 sj am sq fj qn it xt ln dl jh b9 g8 dv qt yz ea ue ss w9 wj kk bi ym tg t0 ob ys iu uj qk nf v6 nj ox qb wy mw 1n pq eq w1 rx rp ge
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+\n	az h0 qz iq bl kb xp yf y8 qn rv hx oc re gt k2 bo qg cf rl
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+\n	dv wu wo uo m2 we rp b6 qe ik e1 bq w8 x5 ez fh u4 iy jy wu li f5 u8 w3 yl te
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+\n	yu qx sc xe j2 oq gs i6 i9 l0
+\n	yv ss tt gu fi qj bt ql ls io nw gk hl up zv gl ni xt wy dz qe ud nw rw qu uw e4 qy px qf zw za ty ek t7 pv dg ho wn uq rx yx ep
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+\n	hb hn k0 wy m4 w7 rc ts y6 j3 qe ve qy rt so di qo dp lk xf mq wl em f5 pr wl wn 3k ew yt w4 ri
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+\n	a3 pp dv qs gn u6 jy kk io dt wt ck rg ua yd ya yh ax ac y1 pe pc pv fp fw dc qv zb dn q0 ju jj m1 ui lx qe qr t9 ja he wi vw m7 l1 jn qe wa qt xg rq qy yi qu p3 yb ed en tz so s3 tb ho fm px gw zo lx wf sm mc dq wj yg l4 uv yk tp t5 wz ol fk f4 pe kc dj wz qb zm wi br zk ww ty 6i vm eb lt eq w2 ey yp yz o6 ei
+\n	fu ga io nt wp jz yf rv oe eh pt dz ih sx qx g0 qm hf xe lz gc d5 bh 2z cn d9 1r sz li bv qe 6d bb er xv yx p2 ea tj p5 ay uq dq pg oh qt s6 px sh ko qa nn oa bq cs kk hh cr wg tu y4 t6 e5 oz th sn ov u5 dw qg dh uk n1 zr qv 3d n4 yx xe wv eb h4 yo ro hx o8 rp
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+\n	qa hm a3 ac q9 na rj if qw rr vw tj ib su qu wo dp j0 wf pf 2y wk ym ra wb ae ga gs f8 gq im ar pb ec f9 yu rm
+\n	t8 ej an y4 td ez ln z9 lj qy sm uw dq us cp nu tg vn
+\n	qa ds k5 hw k8 k0 ql hl 1r wi fw c6 w7 mz rj xy r4 e0 ym yh eg r0 us fs ib oi qv q0 ww lp gm ln bx nc qi l1 qe wg ea qo eb tk eg to ur jc oe dp hv wa 2q nk at rg wf wg ca xk jn pk yg er ot uv wb aq ol wx e6 ev sv uo vf eb ah ud da pe qg jr kn ju ng ae wv n3 iw ly kf cl pb wv tt vn eb vm u7 ew aa w6 rm gx r2 o8
+\n	q4 q6 vk d6 eg pc pv r0 tw i3 q0 we tw sm e4 ow sn kg up hm qx zv nz wm u9 ul ri do
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+\n	qs gm tn rp iu pi qe ec to l1 wh ra wl it kx fd vx q1 ri
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+\n	ft a4 qs pq iz pd u5 cs q3 qz ra rh w7 rk mv kv ee y1 to dj sj ta pn oi tf i2 th q0 vx vf ww 2l cb wt yq ku ye gs qe w4 qy qi xi tt es qp ed ef ti i7 tc pl jz ho zo qi za fy zy rk x2 r3 ht yv ex op ae iq u2 ag pb of dd h4 lq wx cy cu zy wm ry ef dj vx st ia ey te
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+\n	ak ra yb ds gt fy qh d3 ql jk jl ni zs q5 zf lf so wo mu yt wa w8 kl ue e7 2d mb yn tu ac pv id pm sq sw jo dv jd jg qq qw qe wr j5 wu 1h b6 vr yf cx lz rn ho gh qi es ev ty p7 fx fs s5 pl sf lh sh i8 qa xs 1o kq zg qh wk fs vo wl ez iq uo tj u3 gs ii je jr hk ql xx 1j v8 nz kf vz ww yw yt w4 rb ol o4 rn ux ig sp gc
+\n	yv fr qa rd gm ps jd a8 qh ls vg q5 lg eh z0 vt mi vy rg lp ex ew d6 yg rv oe fs sz g6 sy ha cx qq wy j6 dk hr l1 qe gl ex ln uk sv ty at ru uc ts hi hl lg jv qi vc m0 fy xg qg eo hf mu mo kz ot np oy na el yy wz fh gp up ir e9 s9 f4 gf pw uh uj jr ab qh uc wl ce qz h8 v9 wv ie 37 eu gf yv 1m ma yw wm oh dk sr oc ei o8
+\n	qn cd zf y4 oi dv xq q0 lc av cw ki xd lx qi gn bh em uf we ja ox iw qb wn my zs y9 ux
+\n	qd qf we ls lf k4 eg bc e5 rl ea r4 oq er ip g2 yl ot iv ps gx qr wy xj vz xl bx 3o qr eu qi uj p7 uc ph in pk qt i4 gq wp v6 kw kd xk zw 11 yj wj rd oz th yo eb ya tl au tx qj wl dz wz cg zv qa rb wm 7a zs vj yw ee eo
+\n	jd go qg d2 ji qn wa bf t8 ys eq ui d6 ed yn r7 is qb q9 lp lz qe c0 wu tx wa te qp 64 uq in qt qy wp j0 lz l5 og ca sz un ec rh pb pw h2 kv aw wy qf 16 rw ew tb aj
+\n	a2 gr qs fu db qn q1 uc jr qk cn q6 b2 ne lg q7 q8 wi wp b1 ec rk yj pc fo iv sk gk jb qm zw m1 wx zt xy wy em 41 ee gh xg cn yv qp sn od ao pj fs ut s5 tb ad jc j9 xa uj ws kf wg vp nv fa wk mq x6 vh wv t4 ex iq 7r y6 sv ox ev eb rj rk em aj pq gh f8 th os sb mt ak q1 xr yw ti ee tb as ox o5 yo gx uc
+\n	qj lp z0 aj wp vr wa bb xt w9 ya on ew ym ia ix pt tw dz jo ae cc qe lc qr cn b3 c0 ib ml qi uj qp pf p8 e1 s3 tn ui sg pn i8 hb ij qw pd ld fo ap ty ro 3b r0 sz ie gp rj e9 fk gd pw rr uj cf qz zr rq 4p kp pr vj w5 iq ey rn ie eo ir pi
+\n	gr rs gy pw qd ga jj z3 kj ql nn bg dm zz uy pl e0 lh ef oe am y5 fd qx hi uw i4 q9 hs jb vd cx ni qw wx zt qr d0 wi 43 w3 cc b9 qa rw oa ev ry p4 en tk ti yq pd i5 og ic ye so tc de pj ff hl oe sj qs wf v9 xn gm wg xm 1f ph dr vg wk ns t6 um oa e8 sb t0 gs sm fx o1 de h1 uk qh zj zk ng ct gp nx xe 3z wm rz yk tn ro
+\n	qa pt k7 og kl wy rp hx wp wa ui mx eb 95 ac eg dj yz aq in ih i2 q0 cz cb dg xi cq jc qe qt es ed sb en iz fp ta fc tv tn gw ka i0 lz sd il qf 1s iz qf nc xj xk ep r7 rp gu t7 wc t0 en tl iy iu pw kn km ql ct qp ch fl wm n6 rw eo qm vx ty ee ru ig
+\n	um rf qd db qf od d1 mb u0 le xu wy q6 mt bc qw cm uu us r5 uf or tq ek sx i1 it la cb ax t0 wu ab 1t qq g6 ko g7 mk qr ey ha ea qp y0 en ue tv ho i6 i8 sp xs qf v9 jl kt rk qy ot 14 na ub aq op yo en tk ob on tx f0 qk jp vi iw tj x9 zi n6 wo wb se aa ag oc gx
+\n	iy ub gy pt pd qf me xp w7 rj tk r4 rx ui ii r7 us pb pt g5 fw gf dm wi w1 eu re tq oo es pd ri tl og s2 fx ap ok i4 di lh f2 1i vm cp bh wj wx of on tx dt h2 hl qk wq qz lr tl f3 ce kp yr yg ro yx
+\n	k6 qf cp la wp gv es pl uo eg am tf y7 i3 hd jk we d7 rl b8 gg ug es rt p5 eg em tz ow 3y eo wg t1 lc wk ol tj en ak fc f6 df gt ol qc rn tz wv rx di ov
+\n	pp qd iz qm vk jg r4 pl ym y7 sc qn jf qy rq p8 yr di qu hb wd rf ks gw qg s1 x7 ec ae iw eb ai sq v8 h8 le ea vh yw yp
+\n	ik a7 cp sq q1 lq ql wa qz lr zh rp ra gb w9 ys ui ym px up r9 pr ek qv qb hs bg wt ku pu dc p1 qo ik uk y9 y0 en hr tx ts pk jl ce lj l5 p6 v4 wk nu vg oy aq aw rg os az uj kc py ql oj qc pc fj jr bf cx es vn q4 y0 og w2 ue u8 is ag ie yc
+\n	rs dd ik k5 hm dg k7 go q1 qk wt q7 wi ws t6 k0 go ii ee io ym ey sl sz sw jg si d3 qq qw nh lp cc kw xt m3 ip ln nf zm qq tc ex ry at iz p7 ux of he og dq e1 i7 pj sp s4 ok qt gt sd xf ow qr pd hd wj qh x3 yb lx wx um e6 t8 s7 uo u2 it sw pm rr qg h3 aq ze h8 ks zb kb bh ec wb vb w2 oj af
+\n	ak ds dh jg cp ws q5 nq wy su q7 kb o7 ys sf et r9 ta sq y6 dn sy cx na j6 jc qi qw qe qr rb tn 3g eo uh tr ft ri uw of i5 ue ta fs s3 uy as ss qu ns lj wp zf wg sm x1 ix mc va mi rx ej yy y4 t7 ex u1 y6 u3 up en au ds ap kv qh kn gw k1 zv eu lu kh tx qk dr dh wm ti h5 o4 w6 yk af fq so aj
+\n	uv sa hb ps q4 as wi ej qm zc yd yn fp y3 td hy ue qw qy es tu uq tx e3 jz ud sv l6 fu xh dq wk wx yi dj qz v0 qd ga mp wm yy tn fn yx
+\n	qh qz ar qq ma kq rx qa st ei
+\n	dc df il he c1 jt qn yd yn pe et pn pi d7 ke g2 j6 rl sk ng z0 m8 mh qw j1 eu qu rr es ec uk ev ul pf e4 sg jv m9 qf vd wk gu rh e9 f3 on qv vj dh aa ru ux yx o8 a1
+\n	ra qs h0 qh bf q3 dv bl mr if ws df ev b2 pl om tz ax yk ta y7 aw dn zr ax qt m5 xx wp qy qi qo at ti p7 tv i0 fm qu sh so lk qp hb p5 xk ib vd hk t2 np ek yt um u1 ir sm yf ug az qj v5 wr fg zv af qv ck ay cs ww pq wn w1 yh as yk ei
+\n	tr yb df um qf iz k7 q3 we cb cj ne zg a2 e6 ya r3 ut on rq io ow qx ja qv cx cv bh vj qr lv pc 3a rm ep uk ed ev au p8 so fx p0 ts e4 fb hj qt dy px sf f1 zo vx qa wa sa qs vm wf xg kf fz r3 bu t1 tu ez t7 va e6 fl tz uf gg io qg qj h5 zz nh qz zt et ba lu tq vz xe bb md u7 oh 5k rv rt tb yu tn ah
+\n	gr da ty qj by we ls av kc qc wi wo xr mx cm yg oe xs pr ua pt dk oy hp qm qq zw vk xi ln he rx ko dz yt qe tv eu qi yz tt y9 ev ry ym ay uq pg oj aa s4 sg hp f1 qu wp qa bn vi os iz hw kt t2 rs wl r0 ez rf pv hs om dd f8 uj dj pt dk km k1 qz qx wc n3 nl wv qn zo vx ww dr yr oj r1 tq
+\n	ra jg jr ao c1 wh rj fp gz iy lo gc dh qw qr 8p eo ev fu tl i5 uy uu ui qp mb hk yt ou aq oi e9 ip dt k2 qx vb mf id
+\n	rd h0 qn ql la vg qz lw q8 ra sp ts pr av qc vs vg ku am z0 lo ry ev eh i8 aa pl dt du i4 zs w7 wj xl yg yh ra ex u4 pn lw gu pc on n9 n0 wm em tn
+\n	gb ik rd ql xi bd yr e3 qq w7 ex rz on ui yg ax fo pv ab ta jp qw xi wi qw qe fh mz eo gk qu uj ed ev en fo ux ye fv jv ws lx kr kf n5 qj ea s4 vh ez um tj ir od ga tk f5 dh uk pr pt in v9 js sv qb zn wb vl zj wm ca mu zs ef rl yw u8 er id uz ah
+\n	iy ij ub qs lo ql jk dv h0 wy cm q7 wu eh fq w8 hm w9 mv yd rz rx rv r9 eh pr ek dk el hi qc sy i4 qq lp jj we m2 g2 fo j5 wy m6 ve tx yg w3 rv rn rq qy hs tt y9 ry ym eh to e1 ur ff hk do wa kq jw p7 yp ky r2 wx oy uv ra yt t6 yy sz t7 wc s0 of ds om kx ng ql qz vj wt wb ly wm lw dh md ew w3 tv er as yu an gz si ro do
+\n	o9 k7 q2 dt 1i wa uu t8 ut mv ef uo g3 gj hp jn nt cm rj ms wi b6 im qu eo yc ex qp eg sf do sh i8 ih qa wa wf kd yo xj ql wf ek un wx t7 s8 rj f9 qh qk k1 lq h7 in nj um bu qv ov n7 bh bn 3z w1 yt et o4 gl
+\n	a2 gt rs ty rd rf qd qn jf qh k8 q1 qj ql d4 cg wt q5 z7 lr wf wu q7 sd yg yh g1 eg to el ih sw tf fg qx dv q0 wq qq uu px vl xi js jd ze la ud qy rr ky ft i5 em p8 p9 i8 hg im as jz tn qo ul wg 8d vs ap mq x6 no t3 ub wl tf iw rh ox ua pv ir us pb tx pw dg h1 uk ux cr sz ko wx jw vl rc tv af du ei
+\n	gm we cm jx lf vq vw kb wk e3 df r3 r4 ew yf ti id fe fr su xr sl jg rq rw uq tp ss qy ws od nv wg ro t7 ar th ak da yf sw io jt cq v9 kb iy u9
+\n	qd ga q1 h8 xt um wt nq wy wp a2 rg w7 hm cf tj ut r3 ch oe r8 pa qb jb zw mm wq pl m2 wr wy mh hi ei qy nw uf yv s1 fx ut sa tb ss hl qu qi zp nf zd ar l5 5h gm vo ix xk wk wf vf el r0 sx e6 uo rj f3 em dd uh qj cf wz n9 ga tc qk mu rt ye w4 o4 ad ag
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+\n	qm q2 oh cd q7 kk ld ys yd rv yk id wt qy iz ri fi i5 ic e1 ht 5z iq ha ai sq pn al gh un kt wq mi dr ax u8 u9 gk ru ov hc ep
+\n	iy sa un h9 rf fi he uc u6 cd q6 wu zl zz rk lf yd rx d7 ef er rb d9 r9 im hu zv ps qb jf qm m8 qq ji g2 kt qq ew la xy qo es ft ik tl ye ur as tb m9 i8 qa ka qs bm zg ix ya kl t1 wj r9 oi um aw yo ie ys yf hg gq nh zc sb nw qf xm bc xr bj es rx w3 yj iq tm di gx o7 pi aj sp
+\n	il qf pd k6 h0 na is q8 4p zl jl z5 hm ec io sf dk if gd qw 1a ld lf qr yx re tq y9 pd iz yw sa wp bn jq w6 v3 x2 br ta yi ha en o1 io ip pr kp nl lt kd eu kf kn n8 zs rx ux
+\n	ih db gm jd wr zj xp vp qb c8 pc g7 uf uz p7 sh or xh xm wh mt no fh dh wv tk li qm vb ms if
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+\n	hb ty dv gu ps qj ls qz ch q8 zh xp bs vt rh oe ot pb y5 y6 fr ih sc q0 re zx lm id xp yy qr ry ay p6 he dq s4 ff qt sd vx jb qo qp gb ws wd sd co fp kg s1 nm rp cu 8l y2 tf ev sn au us fz hj qg wc u4 au qh wv bn eq r1
+\n	uw vr eq rx et rb fa ek id qx ui kr wn uf p4 tl au hw tx im sf yd dz bo wb xw
+\n	uv yb ik qd gm gp k8 qk ao z6 ps mw zf jc eg a1 wa 7c zz rh yi lf pl r7 yh d8 g2 r0 tq su cz pl qe qe wr wv ku ho qt yv uj ij es ec ik yn ym uw tl sm he p8 fa ho wo gy ws zf bw nb 5q ql t1 ro rp ej xg uv el l8 rd wz rg go rh sv fh ya it pn hd ao az tc dr ac dy ot sj nd qz ok um ol sx xb wb wi n8 ji rz yr sr h6 et o3 ru rm pi
+\n	rs fi ag c3 lw ys ef sg qu qi uq eh e4 gy qt ya ro hx oa f5 1j qa cl wq rl yh pu
+\n	ub rd qd fi jl zk oq r8 y1 tp sl i2 qn sd cq 6d mj w3 p6 ta fm bo nv qi wh yj e0 ao uh kn h6 r2
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+\n	pp q3 mw rd up td j2 lv af ih hb ee xh yy ua ug aa tb
+\n	sa tr ds az qd fi dn hw qg dh qh nt z3 qz ad q7 q8 tf vu ue mx vp lg tz er yj to hy fr sw th qn hf gx jj pz wt lb cm m7 wi b7 vr lo yl qi ry ef sn uq ri fx oh i3 sd i4 ho vb wa qa ik uk ar hw l8 ya cw s4 wg r7 ot wk gu u1 fh th rk en sm u5 iy iu re pr hk qg kn gq cf h8 nj ct gp wb qg hj wm cy ok er tv u0 sy fq o6 gx eo sp ob
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+\n	ih um k9 q4 ls jx ej om sf uh dz oi qx cl zm qw qr zc qe i2 i6 uu qp wp ws qd sd fj mx qk yn wj ub gu ar pn rr qg ln dl al vg mf w6
+\n	tr ub ds jd gp qk jk d4 kv xo ws gi yo sj sl el tw i3 ow qe zx nx b4 qq ee eu uf uh ex p2 rr ea ry ef eb y0 en ri eh e1 oh fx fv sj jn xf qd vi l7 wg x7 r9 uv ek yt ns aw sx sc vf tk ud ds o2 pr kv ab gt v6 un qz wr wv rb os ie u4 rm zm rw n8 vc za q3 zu yy o3 yi ag pu
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+\n	gr pq se pp qe lq n1 cy qb wb ey
+\n	gn q1 ji sc nh pe yh qt ss rw hf kx zm o6 gx
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+\n	il z2 d2 cs ba wa 1o ys uy ed er d8 sh qx sr qb jd ov xq nu lv g1 ku pu rp qq ee et rm eu xh i5 p8 tx in i3 bn v3 ap r5 oy sl oo dr dg hj lm sk ff vu cu wb kd zi wv mu w3 yt ok rv ol ey yx ah
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+\n	gb py gp pg ql um lf bx 6q ra w7 vu rj ui pj tl ii y1 r8 ac eg yl sj tp y3 py im tg zv ll ip wt av fq qw dc yu ei uf qu tw y9 em tl dq fx hk oq zu jx hb i9 bq iz mv wd qi pz lx ek aw fg ag u4 ir tk of pb az f7 qk wz le qs wy wn dd bj mp yq zb cj rc tm yo
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+\n	a3 qs w0 po gx xo nh uj e1 lz os wj uv ud tx rr gq ve ch cs xz
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+\n	pa pw q0 j4 4f vq iv yu ry fa e4 kw xm wj t3 ff ye w1 oj rv ul ep
+\n	mw di ec wt rx ko i4 qo l3 iq iw py yl
+\n	dx uv yv qa a3 ij ps qh cg qc 2n mc ut eq rz ea kc pz sj dl in db fk su qm qe m2 we 1q ke bn xy wb yq qq vr qw xc gf tn re oo qo p8 iv e2 tc e3 e4 fv ff pl sd qy qi si pm ws aa zw bu hu fn yj pv hs gh o2 dy ln v5 qv zb tk bq 4p qj zz wv 8n h1 y9 wm yw og mf u7 tq ov sp
+\n	iy wt gx nd t5 r0 yl tg dc qc th wt ld nd zn tc ke qu qo qp tk fa hh gn qp 5d qd ar rg oz fh at ag 2a kd nx w2 w5
+\n	il wp ee ym tu ef dl el qb cl qn ob qe qr m6 mf xq i2 ud fn pc gw m9 l7 fs eh gi e7 fk ys pe ok 30 mf o8 uc
+\n	db k5 a7 je kj q3 we wt q6 ie ck kg kn gr lf pj io us id in aq jo qx su hd qm li qq jm we lc wc ld d8 lb xj em rn j4 tq oo eg fl sm he ue so hg ok dt qt px j7 qi nz l9 lj x8 wj na wk ez ex rg e7 u5 h4 kn ad cu oa qd do q4 eq w3 yy sy su r1 ri if yc uc
+\n	fr ij ft db dn gp qh ph ga gg kl ws wt ab q8 lk wp mi w9 tj pk yf ew us yz id gd y7 dc qx hp qv gl jn q0 d4 qw re qe cn cq pt wu lm dk cz yy qr rq te qi rr ea ex ye dq ok qt sg qa nk wh kt bt bd lh wf yb hu mw el rd rg sb em on qg wq oj zx wv n4 bo qf bf re wb ev yq cl yu w5 ad ag id a1 gc
+\n	qd ga dt ej kn r5 ax sg ix av am pu g5 ez fe qm nu ii zt wr vm qt jd im rb ml yx yv ru hr gv ad dw x4 ub hx wz rd ol oo rg yf f6 ii uk dl wl yw yu ie id
+\n	yv ga z3 kk pp nq le lr bp qc t1 c2 hc vt lw jl w9 ur r3 ys iu es rc ud yj r9 pb ot ta sk gj jm gx xg sf lc qr ht ve sl g7 qy nw vw fo ta tb oq fn qu hc qp op nz ow wk zo zq yg wg ke yt kr yy sb tk rk tz iu o1 rr pr qh dl dz p0 n2 ci cd vn ms aa yh ry w6 af du gc
+\n	q1 q2 mw bz k6 xf ec r4 rx yg ed d8 pv is sj qc q9 zw vf gc cv d0 xx rn ex uj ij ts ff ge i8 zg 4m x5 vh oy yy y5 wc tg at fk ob fv f9 ql bo k4 zn be ww ea ry tv w4 ru ov
+\n	tu g2 tq od pk tm fi y1 uf ku wn ew
+\n	hn rd um qg qh ph aa zn bc gv w8 rj ea es ui r7 r8 ey fw gh jf qn nu cc la 3u bx ve po et ei eo ea qp ul i7 uu fb dt pz qt m0 zf l8 kl t1 ej wj oy rf th rk gs sm em ap hg o2 ub wx ka hd br q2 hg y8 2e eq tb an oc it ep
+\n	tt um gi qh lp kl lw q4 q6 ro b1 if y6 qc th g0 q9 qm j2 we xt xi nd is ng bc ku yw sm ye dw e2 f1 lg qo wp zs gy l4 ul lv w9 br xl ql vf as yg y3 t5 wc ec iy hf ii f6 re hk qz jp oo qx xv v0 f2 vx cd vb yq ew zu yx
+\n	lo dt mt z3 rg av us pa xq wq qe qt yx y9 ev ry tk hu oe oi r1 x7 wk wz td jy ww qc 15 ba hd mo 72
+\n	rs wi vt rh we jl ur tz tw ht y8 fh i3 qb qm b3 qy ep op yn tu ay hw fd ug qp qd x7 rs yy td u1 t9 sm uh dz ql 4t rw kn wn rc eo
+\n	a4 d3 kk q5 q6 wf wg m4 2b vt w7 ur uo rw pc g2 sl if y8 fj va rr ld wn xo qw rn ml la qu ep re rr qo pd eg og e1 i8 ui qt px i4 jc gq oe jj ws ks qd ul zh sm ql tf go e8 os tk rk ay us u6 dw dh pr qh qj oy lm jo cf ff wm br k1 en og aa rb yj o4 te
+\n	gb dd rd qd a6 qj wt jx z7 xi q7 kv mv uy pk or yk ek el y5 ez aq dx qx th sy jn pe vl fp xz m8 ng jh kq qr la ei ft p9 oh hj tn ho ud xs wa jq vn il zg p7 fp ic qk wd bu e7 go hd sq ug hh ip sl ch qc px wb hs rq qh bk rl ef yw dj yt u9 st yi uz uc a1
+\n	al tt pq um uq un z6 wa vu w8 ed sj r0 tq pu dz qx js 2j na ip vz lm qq qe yj ud ei wf qi te p1 tu il tk iv dy i0 xg sf ix gp fk ai qk lm ql ch fg qv vg yw rl yy rv rm pu uc
+\n	rd ik qd jd ph gs k0 q3 qz ia q6 af q7 6w o8 tg gi sj ou aq po ja qn q0 qq gc nh xt wr fs m8 qw aq wp ho qu rm uh tr qp tj ay fi ao i8 aa i9 tv gv qu wo lj vv wa jm qa qd uk nl g0 qd dn gw ic kj nn wf wg dy ej rp y3 rs yy e6 wc oz fh eb e0 of hd yf uf ab gw qc ww yc cd ji y7 n0 wn cg u0 rn yp ie a1 dp o8
+\n	ih h9 qd xy yl ez g9 lt qm on vg rz dx qa kt p1 ex yx od uz e3 in sd oi qa cq dr me e8 ua ya dk wx bw 4p vx tn o7 pu
+\n	ij rf fu jt gs ld wu q7 wo 2u bd k8 rg ws gi oe yl if sq hi dn jn qw bb cb wt lm sq vr qe wd qi qo tk uc hp i0 pa w6 fo v4 1m x3 t7 u5 sq ai hg ap hm ju fl tz wv w4 ry tn yl fm gl ox
+\n	ql db ch wu rl ih qc 25 pb qq ty yw fp ao qy sp p1 qa rf iu rw qg uk gq km dz wv at qb jo eq ur rb ad
+\n	ra fy gm iz qk qz lf bp kc is nr ws mb es tl d6 up pe ey sj fq ek iv pn sx ly qb jd jn q0 lp m2 xl fs xx rs b8 hu rn ey qo yn vr yq ti ai e1 so ts jz du do oi sa i0 oq ow 3r 1a wg qg r4 yv ty r8 wk wl s7 u4 of e0 gd pm yf h1 qg n1 lt sv qb eu wi mt ez w2 yk su dp
+\n	rd qf dz aa bo pd pm qw rn tf ah wu
+\n	dv jd he jt ao ql zg eq pz oe dj fw sc fj nt io fi lr xu ns mx qe qt ei rq qy yw em e1 i8 sp in jv wo ci fa x6 fn ej wv oi um yi oc au yf mt te az yv yi ad yo yz
+\n	uv hv ty qd nv jh qj q1 ql we fv vj q7 gw fe wl vu w8 vp 6k yd r7 yj ia ey ot g6 dx tf im hu ae qx fh g9 lt fk hs su ov lo m1 cn t9 wi ki qq qw xx aw nw es yb vw yn ry pd ix em so ut oj du f2 lj qp jm w5 xh ny wg 13 wc qc ek el sx oo th uo yo at pv hn uh hj qj zk ql lw zx qv cc wv en yr w3 yy st uy iq ox an ah
+\n	rs pa df il iz qm k9 bu jz bi ji du lo ts yy xf cv gu mc ii rc up d8 ey pv av to yz y5 fd qx sc qv jv qr xt bk m6 ot md qq qt rq ex p2 yn sb xc fp pj qt ce wp i8 j0 wa qd gn ps qf be qt wh ky l9 za wg rp wn fh rh em vn dh vw ng wz k2 h8 f1 nz zh yz q5 zy e1 yh ad tw ep te
+\n	db wr a1 pk ew uu r7 d0 pn fe g8 la qq b0 ef os oh pk fm wa wk yi ev ua sq wu n5 tw xc er
+\n	fr yb qa hm d2 q2 o1 oj ox dm oc km kj r5 px rb et r9 y7 vs pj q0 4s lm gs qe eu ep ti tl of jq od pf nr nb ea ej yy rh u2 iu qh dk zl qv xe 2k vc vb zb xn yg gk ox tw
+\n	hb dc rd fu gu zd js wu xa c5 a5 w9 vo r5 d0 g3 oy ib i3 ha jm nu rr wy m8 b9 ws qu ru eg uz hw eh hg sp sf do jb zp dp nz wj wv fg ae ah ob hd dd gh dz qz xc s5 vi je n4 re bh ma wm as st tn yl
+\n	wi w7 om ug qa x4 yn r7 gi re n3 n7
+\n	ij pa qd qg uw qm d4 z4 q8 t3 mu yp uf ia pm ez ih qn jm nu kw qr j6 qw bb yu qs rw wf re qi ru jz tm gw lh ce xa wa xs bn nl ys t1 wk r9 gu oc u4 hd ku hp yg rv as yz ro dp
+\n	qa ss dc gu qk cs cv fv nm z7 lf z8 xs a3 rk r5 ys eg y1 po qv cl jf xq vh we wr qr b3 bv yr wf re qo sv tj ti eg dq ic fx jz du qp vb ws nl wd wj zq vg t2 zf wb tf yu ex yi yp tj en ua ud dr pe qk dl lq qz h7 ol v8 cy vi wv ck el gd q2 yw w1 ye xq w5 gk o6 ob
+\n	k5 hr jk ju k3 jq q6 zg wi id bb wa gb rf rq g1 et ot pn ht dc ww c7 we c8 cm xo mg w1 1l yx tr p2 oo lm ry ao e2 i9 e4 hi tn di lv cp ca 2u t2 no ub ex rk ys pw qg av py ql qo lb pn eo wb er tb yk ie id r2 tw o8
+\n	ra qa qd ph jh d2 dx d4 2z jl q5 ld cm wu wi 2t wa dd lg ui to id in uq ww rr g2 wu rl qe 1l qi qo ec yn ed uw p8 ut sj ig p4 zh xm p8 vs vg x7 ot cu l6 sx gu yp t0 gs az pe nf wl qz nj lr cy wr qv tj s7 u2 ly be br ym w2 af ri it ob
+\n	pp uv nb bu kz wi ah z3 c6 rg la vi oe ia ot pm dv gk 2h xq kq xg bv qr b9 j2 ec od ay p8 qi wp zd ay kg ea mq 6b qc un fh tl u5 av ub ji zx k2 wc zy 1x kc ah rw vc wv yq zv e2 rp
+\n	a2 iy sa ft pp un qn qz ol lf mg wo fr vu ya rk w0 pj pl el dz i3 jd su ob c8 pb id b9 ep yn ru tk s3 sh sj xa l3 wa nj ke kr ic xl bd ej rg yo f3 al f5 sw re uh h2 av cq bo vk kf bd mu wq wm ew ue tv ol tb o3 ul ov
+\n	iy a5 gu q2 se ls dt zf o4 dm ez jj uu ik ue w0 ya ea on ui tu rv y1 et r9 tq y5 ht dc fg i2 vs q0 av iv ku in il en ri p7 uc e2 ut sp fv qt gn f2 wo qa op v7 ws l6 wh ys zq t2 wc y3 sx yi t9 t0 ys of rq ug o2 av kn h5 ju ji ko v0 nz wn kf te dw u8 yt fn r1 ie yc it
+\n	qj lw ji eq oe g7 jf jc yr qo v7 p7 wd ma xg wz qb u7 w3
+\n	un ol eh g5 px b8 rr og gn mx yf wv sl on jo uz
+\n	qg qm q5 wy eg ri bm mz d5 rx pt ek fs pi td ez ho gh q0 ll pl kq wr d0 l1 qq ko er qt wf ei p2 ru uq ye tx s4 hc zd vn ps ix zo wk t4 y3 xh ez rf u3 up ys ou xx zv qa wb at rm eu qj wv za zs eq zy rv ry tn tq yc ob
+\n	ss qa pp rd jf a7 lp h8 um kc q7 wl rg r3 w0 wy tl a0 ih ly qm qq m1 xg qr up ja b8 yh dc lx rw ep ea ev ay ux to p7 tp tb i3 qu gq do gr za l8 rj og oy ub e5 ae tg t0 sq tx hj ad gs it vc bh yb eb w2 yg u9 w5 fn iw si di ah hc
+\n	ub o0 ik ps qd q1 ga lp cf kl m3 z7 q8 ue ee ud ix g5 ib gd aq fh th pa qc pg ue ur xw ww qr vj m5 jd ng in tx ff xc er qs eo qi p2 ky pd eg e1 yr ut ib oj tb hi hk ho gm qu qi hc ou gn wg sn wh ix wj wj wg ot ra wl un e5 rg s7 t0 oc sm tz hf fx pw x0 wz th qv 1z zt n4 qb cl wn xq xr y8 rt y9 rz tb iw vb
+\n	qn lq bu eg iw wi 2u 3q t6 k0 yd sd ed rb eh ek yz if pu y6 in fr qc qm ob il ma b4 en wu dk nh b8 qe bb mj ws qt ho yl ug qi ea tw uh p5 eg tl yr i9 pl lh ce i7 wp qa xs dn 7p kr p7 eo vs mb pk ni yh ef rp wj ej y2 iq y6 u5 em e0 ii md jy lw nj fh bq pc xm km q2 wv k1 rx u7 ut et gj tb iw gx fw yx
+\n	qa pw k6 qn qg qh as u0 dy q7 wp hv 4z 4c w0 d7 et aw wr bl mx md j6 an wi qt lc yx ec tj ri fx ht in gm ua qo qa ik ys eq n7 wh rs wz wx e7 eb ak gg ip sj py ka rl su ag
+\n	gb uz q2 qz wr q4 z7 ia ad je am my vi zc mx ym r7 yk ua pt g6 hy y7 sx ih qx pa hp jd sy gk nh no qq yg rc 3s qy ep p2 yb oa tr eb p5 en ic yr dw tc in hk qt zp i8 lz ks ci lg x3 wd xa x5 zf yt y5 op u1 oa iw fh oc rk ay pb pw uh qg zj qh h5 nf cd nv qx kp qs qb 6q cl kh xe u7 ew tv sr as rt o4 ey tn is
+\n	hv qj bo ru z9 t3 lj q9 rg vi rj sd r8 g2 sj yl aq fe po pa qv jf dm qq re we la wt wu qq vt gj ei yz rr xk uk pf so pk im zu ua sg j8 sk zd sd xz zw kl wk ol um yi rh sv u5 pb tz dl oi wz h7 s8 qf wn cx f4 mo wb ed oh ee er ry eu ei oc fw
+\n	hn a7 cv q6 cj q8 fs jv rl qq qi od dt l5 co qr zq ex u2 ah on pr wx kp wb yh gx
+\n	gv qg je zg jc q8 fr r6 yn ii g1 pe sj ta el jo sr jv ni jj zr bj ns qr qi ur hz vu wh cs ep s3 hu ez rh u2 t0 dw uj oi wx n5 18 bf wb yq oh ov
+\n	gb dc um jr mn we bl t6 vi pj c4 d7 rb ia yz tf qn dm ke xb ft au ix tv xd qq xg rx x6 vg r8 wz op h3 qj qx lr xv qc kc wp lq ea rn rm ri eo yx
+\n	ra gt qs dv ik gn co qg qm qj cb qz z6 wt ji q6 dy qc b4 ws ds vu cf on yg d8 eh py hu tg qc hp qn d3 wq c9 pv pr or qq ml eo ug tw es il os fi uw to em ic oj ho px wo qp m0 qa 1o ks 7o cp wh wk wg x5 ee yn bi ef wj ns r0 ez um u1 iw eb ir fk ov s0 fl hn h1 pr x0 ux cd wz aq jp im k4 qv bp wm n0 vm u7 w4 gj tm uz te a1
+\n	gv il ps db he nb wr ql kc zh tf mp lw ab us pn a0 tg pa th ps hf wc 1a yw l1 fs eq wp qr rw yv tr eh so i0 qf wf l7 wg na ou ah ay f4 io ip f8 cd h7 nj rn wb qb qn wp oj w3 w6 di id pu eo
+\n	hm fu pd qk bi wf q6 wu b2 q7 q8 oc lj c3 o7 6s a1 jh rg rj 2s z7 ya id ez fr gh vl cl zq hd jh xh ru c0 bz wu dl qw km kp b9 rn eu yc yc p4 ru tk ux fo ue p9 iv tv s5 do l4 cu rg w6 os fi 4b uz l7 ld l8 fx jb ee wx rp ek tg e8 uf de qh hz h4 qj gq nb wx qc sv go wm zi zo tc 3k ez ec rz ye oh ck w2 sy ia gk rm ei si dp
+\n	gi go z5 qz wj mg kl yh g5 y6 g9 xt p6 eh ap sa qu dw j8 ql yg aw t7 ir zj v5 v7 ba tw yq cz gc
+\n	ps qn z3 sw gs q4 ie gx ye wz r3 us ef d9 pb y6 tg y8 qb gc ww az c8 cb lv wy a9 qq qw l2 c8 qu uf yx qo ic de ut e4 uu tb fn oe dp wa uj bq sg mx lv v3 ya xk wd by n7 ra cp gu va yo u2 sv rk ir ya hf kc kp bo qb gp qb yc ku q3 dj o3 ey ad si o7 tw ge uc
+\n	dx yv ij pw a8 qm ph k9 dz q1 q3 cn wo wp my el bb uo on eh id yz am fe hy sw ha m8 vg wt vl wm qq w3 ls gj yx eo ef en ta e3 i3 zu hl m0 wd co zy l9 nn ea yj e5 rg gi fg gp u4 ir tl tz pm dd kc p9 zx sx qc qv kf ln on qm lw vn vm ew yg se as is di ro gc
+\n	al tt gu qf qj xo q8 c4 ws e5 ur vp ea rz g3 fw sx th db kq wt sv tb ad hv 1u gt ss xk wj qj pk rp e7 ha fk f6 dr rr hk dk nf qo lr ka ie fk cz yz q3 ym ks gl
+\n	gb q1 qk we q3 q4 t1 ox di ny wa ws gi ea rx yg r6 io ow y1 d8 ey ab g3 is ek pu ez dx qx th i3 jv fk io xh wt oe kr nd md pb vz wi ro se b9 tr yb p4 i5 p7 ux fp p8 sp in ok hj qy hz wa qq zd qd 3t wj aa dy 5u el yi uo go t0 u5 tl dq gd rw uf gg kb ux dj qj go wb zm lu tx vc es ev ry zt w2 tp w5 tn o6
+\n	ra ps hm qf qg 4q we ql q4 z6 d1 wp vt xs tg 2s e7 r3 ys oq ef c4 av dj pn aw sr th hf gx uy wr ac zv m6 wn ko c5 qt qy yl yc uh od ri uq fz dq i7 tx fc aa uu qt oe i5 ge ce wa gb vn xg wh og ya xk fs ea yf zw wh ub 8x th iw rj ah ya e9 tl yd tx yf ii fc kx hl zj or qj mh ww kf zm lb ob qn wp ww wn ym u7 rv ie pu
+\n	uj by wo ml dl qx m3 8i 2y r1 u4 hj h6 qa xv rn rm
+\n	qa gm qh ql u9 ls e3 yk fa ts wr vj ac en id ud ke ye i7 fn tn f1 ks at me l8 kl hk lx rp ek l6 ek oi e6 wc u4 2h pn 9y zq qk ec cf yq oj vz tb o4 iw ox gx te
+\n	gt ub hn qd qf hq dh q1 lp qk by ql lq we wr sy wy lh z0 ge k9 w8 th vp pz yg ti fo tp r0 g4 yz ig sx im i1 jv qn q0 wq nu 5t pw wm id qe gg qt xg wh en uc tz pj e4 tv i0 ff qt gm dp jb qp cr gr qa nk ws os wf ne wd mm wf t1 vu wz t8 e7 t0 od hs dq df av km v5 kl we fg cx al ax yq y9 rx yh ul hc
+\n	we cf q4 cj bf ws ww yd tk ef ek y8 qv fk wt ko qe ep rt ik ut op mr j0 ej t3 s8 ir pt qk km ww cg wc gi lu n6 yr rc oc
+\n	ak ft gy rd hn a6 uq q2 q4 lr ia eg d1 eb on sj dj pn pp qv i4 hs gx ww xj m8 ko im rt fi tc uy tb pl qy pc uf kf kt mv l0 qj x7 oi um tf ap uk wl ql zb vj wv tk re y7 de q4 rc ad rm ul is fq yx r2
+\n	dx gb he dl k9 z3 qk lf ad ch js o5 vq zl rj wr th r4 tu uo r8 fp ic g4 fs g6 im fr wq bg no wt dg ru ln rp wi yd qq xz ew i1 kq qt rq wg sb pj hk qu vx oi jm pa vi x5 wf ni ro ot oy di un y6 yo rh sb us tz ac f8 av ve h5 ji mj n2 ci rm yx ep rt 5f yq u9 rb hx aj
+\n	ih a3 pi mt do w7 zc nh qe wv rs xc qr ts ut pj im hp xa lv x3 ph tt sc od rr qh km oc rq xl vv jp ef st tw
+\n	ft ik a7 lp jz jx k4 hz wo bv q9 6t ur rl qx qv js dm fw wd re ea fd hu jc qu zo p3 lx pf wk vf fj 2o wx sb gs it ol yp di eo ro
+\n	tr ih yv h9 k5 qj qk nb wy gk q8 c6 mj a5 yi ur rl uy eq up yj r8 xs sh a0 ez oi y8 ly lp lx fu il ke zy cj sk xq 7u ey p2 uh yv qp rt y9 eg pf so ph tx tc uy e4 tn j0 gy ik vm ul mt nm mm x6 wj rp eh sb u4 ov of tc jt pt qj jy k1 s5 qs 7z do zi cx wq wb ma wm uw sr w5 o3 o5 su r1 yx fe
+\n	h9 gm cp z2 fb zd gk ve o7 mt bc wp bd rg w8 rk kx mv uu rb or yk eh r0 y5 ht pu tf se ar fj hp su m2 cb c9 c0 b3 ns qq qw rv gg ij y9 oa od of pg i7 hk do pm 2n sj wa vm zw vg yy om qx nj v9 f3 ee w5 w6 iw sp ep
+\n	da jq iz z1 ls z5 cg nt zk 1i gt w7 yi r3 xi yn pc fa ta ez in i2 qc uw si qw d5 kw il b4 fa ib 6c ud rq yl wg tr qp p4 ry sm ut s5 hi qi do j7 jn j0 qs iz p7 wg aq ex go ax ku nc h8 n3 v0 oc ah wm li zp rl h5 is eu o6
+\n	gr sa a4 ik dm gp q1 wy m5 fw a2 t6 rj mx e9 et ej q0 ot wu em fa mj qe yg gh j2 te tj p5 eg tk em ao i7 di lh ce m9 wa wf ys eq l1 t3 ej el tf t9 rk u4 ay rw gg dr hj ac qg zk h6 dz ok zy kc mr fz iu hk yj oz ey ag id r2 ov
+\n	ds fu ps vo qf qn pf a8 ph q4 cb le cn h0 jg gy b9 rk r3 pj yd oe ht pu ig ez hu q0 qm nu ww qw ow xh b4 is a0 qq hu bb cn xh oo qo y0 fz ue e2 yr fa pj in sa hj ui sp nj zg wj ge wk xg ra ex vs oz eb pv tl iu x0 ln cq xx iq s7 wv qs zn tl wn lr yr r2
+\n	az qf fi qn u5 we jq zh wh c4 sd is y5 po oq ki sz qe rm qy yv p4 ye tb ho 1u gq r3 pl td ov u4 hg ax zj wz wb vl vv se 5k eo
+\n	tt gi pd jk lq q6 wi gx mj ut ax av g7 qv zm lo 5y dh cw xo ve vy xg yv iv i0 qq xg jv l2 yi sc ga pv pn iu ug gy k3 cl oj tv yl di
+\n	qk se pd gt rz uu d6 io d7 tq gf em ym tu ib oe v3 si wa nm wf qf wg rk kz yd hl wx cy bp mx et
+\n	uv yb dd k9 ph q4 me o6 nr xa mu ld r5 rb g2 or fe pa fj hp db lu qn nr j2 bk kt xl rn wf qp tl uc dq i7 tx fv ar sf xm mx x1 zw yh lz mr t6 l9 s8 ah u6 x7 yw ol tq eo gc pi
+\n	ia ys jh wy sb i0 cp u3 ql kl kh
+\n	po al qg qm d2 gs q2 ap qz q4 q7 kv ah o8 rs 2o ex zx qw z5 r4 r8 y1 is ts y8 qc dm ll we wr sg lb jx wu jv qe ee qt qy es ed ym hw to tx hr s2 oh dt dy af di do qo oo qa w5 uz wh kh x1 t1 hk no r7 rp na sl ej op ev tj eb sb ya pb u5 tx ds o1 hz v6 lw jp k4 wv do wn aj bc wn yw to w4 as ey yk is ig rp o8
+\n	rs ty q1 wt wy xp e3 wa yd d7 ht ts sz fk su kw xg bw cw qw oo fu od ix sd zu jn qd ci fi xh mo cp ev th ua e0 em kc lm cu u3 n8 xr yq ti yj fm yx tw
+\n	dx z2 ga kb yo sf sk fd gf i2 vs qw vj vw qe eu mz tu sp xs qs es t0 eb ak uh hl n1 v9 wv kd o8 rp
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diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/advisory_lock.out b/src/test/regress/expected/advisory_lock.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a2df6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/advisory_lock.out
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+--
+-- ADVISORY LOCKS
+--
+BEGIN;
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2, 2);
+ pg_advisory_xact_lock | pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared | pg_advisory_xact_lock | pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared 
+-----------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------
+                       |                              |                       | 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+ locktype | classid | objid | objsubid |     mode      | granted 
+----------+---------+-------+----------+---------------+---------
+ advisory |       0 |     1 |        1 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       0 |     2 |        1 | ShareLock     | t
+ advisory |       1 |     1 |        2 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       2 |     2 |        2 | ShareLock     | t
+(4 rows)
+
+-- pg_advisory_unlock_all() shouldn't release xact locks
+SELECT pg_advisory_unlock_all();
+ pg_advisory_unlock_all 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+-- can't unlock xact locks
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1, 1), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2, 2);
+WARNING:  you don't own a lock of type ExclusiveLock
+WARNING:  you don't own a lock of type ShareLock
+WARNING:  you don't own a lock of type ExclusiveLock
+WARNING:  you don't own a lock of type ShareLock
+ pg_advisory_unlock | pg_advisory_unlock_shared | pg_advisory_unlock | pg_advisory_unlock_shared 
+--------------------+---------------------------+--------------------+---------------------------
+ f                  | f                         | f                  | f
+(1 row)
+
+-- automatically release xact locks at commit
+COMMIT;
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+-- holding both session and xact locks on the same objects, xact first
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2, 2);
+ pg_advisory_xact_lock | pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared | pg_advisory_xact_lock | pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared 
+-----------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------
+                       |                              |                       | 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+ locktype | classid | objid | objsubid |     mode      | granted 
+----------+---------+-------+----------+---------------+---------
+ advisory |       0 |     1 |        1 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       0 |     2 |        1 | ShareLock     | t
+ advisory |       1 |     1 |        2 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       2 |     2 |        2 | ShareLock     | t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_lock(1), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2);
+ pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock_shared | pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock_shared 
+------------------+-------------------------+------------------+-------------------------
+                  |                         |                  | 
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+ locktype | classid | objid | objsubid |     mode      | granted 
+----------+---------+-------+----------+---------------+---------
+ advisory |       0 |     1 |        1 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       0 |     2 |        1 | ShareLock     | t
+ advisory |       1 |     1 |        2 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       2 |     2 |        2 | ShareLock     | t
+(4 rows)
+
+-- unlocking session locks
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1), pg_advisory_unlock(1),
+	pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1, 1), pg_advisory_unlock(1, 1),
+	pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2, 2), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2, 2);
+WARNING:  you don't own a lock of type ExclusiveLock
+WARNING:  you don't own a lock of type ShareLock
+WARNING:  you don't own a lock of type ExclusiveLock
+WARNING:  you don't own a lock of type ShareLock
+ pg_advisory_unlock | pg_advisory_unlock | pg_advisory_unlock_shared | pg_advisory_unlock_shared | pg_advisory_unlock | pg_advisory_unlock | pg_advisory_unlock_shared | pg_advisory_unlock_shared 
+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------
+ t                  | f                  | t                         | f                         | t                  | f                  | t                         | f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+-- holding both session and xact locks on the same objects, session first
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_lock(1), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2);
+ pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock_shared | pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock_shared 
+------------------+-------------------------+------------------+-------------------------
+                  |                         |                  | 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+ locktype | classid | objid | objsubid |     mode      | granted 
+----------+---------+-------+----------+---------------+---------
+ advisory |       0 |     1 |        1 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       0 |     2 |        1 | ShareLock     | t
+ advisory |       1 |     1 |        2 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       2 |     2 |        2 | ShareLock     | t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2, 2);
+ pg_advisory_xact_lock | pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared | pg_advisory_xact_lock | pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared 
+-----------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------
+                       |                              |                       | 
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+ locktype | classid | objid | objsubid |     mode      | granted 
+----------+---------+-------+----------+---------------+---------
+ advisory |       0 |     1 |        1 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       0 |     2 |        1 | ShareLock     | t
+ advisory |       1 |     1 |        2 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       2 |     2 |        2 | ShareLock     | t
+(4 rows)
+
+-- releasing all session locks
+SELECT pg_advisory_unlock_all();
+ pg_advisory_unlock_all 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+-- grabbing txn locks multiple times
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1), pg_advisory_xact_lock(1),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_xact_lock(1, 1),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2, 2), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2, 2);
+ pg_advisory_xact_lock | pg_advisory_xact_lock | pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared | pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared | pg_advisory_xact_lock | pg_advisory_xact_lock | pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared | pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared 
+-----------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------
+                       |                       |                              |                              |                       |                       |                              | 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+ locktype | classid | objid | objsubid |     mode      | granted 
+----------+---------+-------+----------+---------------+---------
+ advisory |       0 |     1 |        1 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       0 |     2 |        1 | ShareLock     | t
+ advisory |       1 |     1 |        2 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       2 |     2 |        2 | ShareLock     | t
+(4 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- grabbing session locks multiple times
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_lock(1), pg_advisory_lock(1),
+	pg_advisory_lock_shared(2), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_lock(1, 1),
+	pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2);
+ pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock_shared | pg_advisory_lock_shared | pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock_shared | pg_advisory_lock_shared 
+------------------+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------
+                  |                  |                         |                         |                  |                  |                         | 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+ locktype | classid | objid | objsubid |     mode      | granted 
+----------+---------+-------+----------+---------------+---------
+ advisory |       0 |     1 |        1 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       0 |     2 |        1 | ShareLock     | t
+ advisory |       1 |     1 |        2 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       2 |     2 |        2 | ShareLock     | t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1), pg_advisory_unlock(1),
+	pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1, 1), pg_advisory_unlock(1, 1),
+	pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2, 2), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2, 2);
+ pg_advisory_unlock | pg_advisory_unlock | pg_advisory_unlock_shared | pg_advisory_unlock_shared | pg_advisory_unlock | pg_advisory_unlock | pg_advisory_unlock_shared | pg_advisory_unlock_shared 
+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------
+ t                  | t                  | t                         | t                         | t                  | t                  | t                         | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- .. and releasing them all at once
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_lock(1), pg_advisory_lock(1),
+	pg_advisory_lock_shared(2), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_lock(1, 1),
+	pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2);
+ pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock_shared | pg_advisory_lock_shared | pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock | pg_advisory_lock_shared | pg_advisory_lock_shared 
+------------------+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------
+                  |                  |                         |                         |                  |                  |                         | 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+ locktype | classid | objid | objsubid |     mode      | granted 
+----------+---------+-------+----------+---------------+---------
+ advisory |       0 |     1 |        1 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       0 |     2 |        1 | ShareLock     | t
+ advisory |       1 |     1 |        2 | ExclusiveLock | t
+ advisory |       2 |     2 |        2 | ShareLock     | t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_advisory_unlock_all();
+ pg_advisory_unlock_all 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/aggregates.out b/src/test/regress/expected/aggregates.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26031bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/aggregates.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2831 @@
+--
+-- AGGREGATES
+--
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+-- avoid bit-exact output here because operations may not be bit-exact.
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+-- prepare some test data
+CREATE TABLE aggtest (
+	a 			int2,
+	b			float4
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/agg.data'
+COPY aggtest FROM :'filename';
+ANALYZE aggtest;
+SELECT avg(four) AS avg_1 FROM onek;
+       avg_1        
+--------------------
+ 1.5000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT avg(a) AS avg_32 FROM aggtest WHERE a < 100;
+       avg_32        
+---------------------
+ 32.6666666666666667
+(1 row)
+
+-- In 7.1, avg(float4) is computed using float8 arithmetic.
+-- Round the result to 3 digits to avoid platform-specific results.
+SELECT avg(b)::numeric(10,3) AS avg_107_943 FROM aggtest;
+ avg_107_943 
+-------------
+     107.943
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT avg(gpa) AS avg_3_4 FROM ONLY student;
+ avg_3_4 
+---------
+     3.4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(four) AS sum_1500 FROM onek;
+ sum_1500 
+----------
+     1500
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(a) AS sum_198 FROM aggtest;
+ sum_198 
+---------
+     198
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(b) AS avg_431_773 FROM aggtest;
+ avg_431_773 
+-------------
+     431.773
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(gpa) AS avg_6_8 FROM ONLY student;
+ avg_6_8 
+---------
+     6.8
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT max(four) AS max_3 FROM onek;
+ max_3 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT max(a) AS max_100 FROM aggtest;
+ max_100 
+---------
+     100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT max(aggtest.b) AS max_324_78 FROM aggtest;
+ max_324_78 
+------------
+     324.78
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT max(student.gpa) AS max_3_7 FROM student;
+ max_3_7 
+---------
+     3.7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_pop(b) FROM aggtest;
+   stddev_pop    
+-----------------
+ 131.10703231895
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_samp(b) FROM aggtest;
+   stddev_samp    
+------------------
+ 151.389360803998
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_pop(b) FROM aggtest;
+     var_pop      
+------------------
+ 17189.0539234823
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_samp(b) FROM aggtest;
+     var_samp     
+------------------
+ 22918.7385646431
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_pop(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
+    stddev_pop    
+------------------
+ 131.107032862199
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_samp(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
+   stddev_samp    
+------------------
+ 151.389361431288
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_pop(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
+      var_pop       
+--------------------
+ 17189.054065929769
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_samp(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
+      var_samp      
+--------------------
+ 22918.738754573025
+(1 row)
+
+-- population variance is defined for a single tuple, sample variance
+-- is not
+SELECT var_pop(1.0::float8), var_samp(2.0::float8);
+ var_pop | var_samp 
+---------+----------
+       0 |         
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_pop(3.0::float8), stddev_samp(4.0::float8);
+ stddev_pop | stddev_samp 
+------------+-------------
+          0 |            
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_pop('inf'::float8), var_samp('inf'::float8);
+ var_pop | var_samp 
+---------+----------
+     NaN |         
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_pop('inf'::float8), stddev_samp('inf'::float8);
+ stddev_pop | stddev_samp 
+------------+-------------
+        NaN |            
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_pop('nan'::float8), var_samp('nan'::float8);
+ var_pop | var_samp 
+---------+----------
+     NaN |         
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_pop('nan'::float8), stddev_samp('nan'::float8);
+ stddev_pop | stddev_samp 
+------------+-------------
+        NaN |            
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_pop(1.0::float4), var_samp(2.0::float4);
+ var_pop | var_samp 
+---------+----------
+       0 |         
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_pop(3.0::float4), stddev_samp(4.0::float4);
+ stddev_pop | stddev_samp 
+------------+-------------
+          0 |            
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_pop('inf'::float4), var_samp('inf'::float4);
+ var_pop | var_samp 
+---------+----------
+     NaN |         
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_pop('inf'::float4), stddev_samp('inf'::float4);
+ stddev_pop | stddev_samp 
+------------+-------------
+        NaN |            
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_pop('nan'::float4), var_samp('nan'::float4);
+ var_pop | var_samp 
+---------+----------
+     NaN |         
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_pop('nan'::float4), stddev_samp('nan'::float4);
+ stddev_pop | stddev_samp 
+------------+-------------
+        NaN |            
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_pop(1.0::numeric), var_samp(2.0::numeric);
+ var_pop | var_samp 
+---------+----------
+       0 |         
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_pop(3.0::numeric), stddev_samp(4.0::numeric);
+ stddev_pop | stddev_samp 
+------------+-------------
+          0 |            
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_pop('inf'::numeric), var_samp('inf'::numeric);
+ var_pop | var_samp 
+---------+----------
+     NaN |         
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_pop('inf'::numeric), stddev_samp('inf'::numeric);
+ stddev_pop | stddev_samp 
+------------+-------------
+        NaN |            
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT var_pop('nan'::numeric), var_samp('nan'::numeric);
+ var_pop | var_samp 
+---------+----------
+     NaN |         
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stddev_pop('nan'::numeric), stddev_samp('nan'::numeric);
+ stddev_pop | stddev_samp 
+------------+-------------
+        NaN |            
+(1 row)
+
+-- verify correct results for null and NaN inputs
+select sum(null::int4) from generate_series(1,3);
+ sum 
+-----
+    
+(1 row)
+
+select sum(null::int8) from generate_series(1,3);
+ sum 
+-----
+    
+(1 row)
+
+select sum(null::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
+ sum 
+-----
+    
+(1 row)
+
+select sum(null::float8) from generate_series(1,3);
+ sum 
+-----
+    
+(1 row)
+
+select avg(null::int4) from generate_series(1,3);
+ avg 
+-----
+    
+(1 row)
+
+select avg(null::int8) from generate_series(1,3);
+ avg 
+-----
+    
+(1 row)
+
+select avg(null::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
+ avg 
+-----
+    
+(1 row)
+
+select avg(null::float8) from generate_series(1,3);
+ avg 
+-----
+    
+(1 row)
+
+select sum('NaN'::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
+ sum 
+-----
+ NaN
+(1 row)
+
+select avg('NaN'::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
+ avg 
+-----
+ NaN
+(1 row)
+
+-- verify correct results for infinite inputs
+SELECT sum(x::float8), avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES ('1'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+   sum    |   avg    | var_pop 
+----------+----------+---------
+ Infinity | Infinity |     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(x::float8), avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES ('infinity'), ('1')) v(x);
+   sum    |   avg    | var_pop 
+----------+----------+---------
+ Infinity | Infinity |     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(x::float8), avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES ('infinity'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+   sum    |   avg    | var_pop 
+----------+----------+---------
+ Infinity | Infinity |     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(x::float8), avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES ('-infinity'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+ sum | avg | var_pop 
+-----+-----+---------
+ NaN | NaN |     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(x::float8), avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES ('-infinity'), ('-infinity')) v(x);
+    sum    |    avg    | var_pop 
+-----------+-----------+---------
+ -Infinity | -Infinity |     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(x::numeric), avg(x::numeric), var_pop(x::numeric)
+FROM (VALUES ('1'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+   sum    |   avg    | var_pop 
+----------+----------+---------
+ Infinity | Infinity |     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(x::numeric), avg(x::numeric), var_pop(x::numeric)
+FROM (VALUES ('infinity'), ('1')) v(x);
+   sum    |   avg    | var_pop 
+----------+----------+---------
+ Infinity | Infinity |     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(x::numeric), avg(x::numeric), var_pop(x::numeric)
+FROM (VALUES ('infinity'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+   sum    |   avg    | var_pop 
+----------+----------+---------
+ Infinity | Infinity |     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(x::numeric), avg(x::numeric), var_pop(x::numeric)
+FROM (VALUES ('-infinity'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+ sum | avg | var_pop 
+-----+-----+---------
+ NaN | NaN |     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum(x::numeric), avg(x::numeric), var_pop(x::numeric)
+FROM (VALUES ('-infinity'), ('-infinity')) v(x);
+    sum    |    avg    | var_pop 
+-----------+-----------+---------
+ -Infinity | -Infinity |     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+-- test accuracy with a large input offset
+SELECT avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES (100000003), (100000004), (100000006), (100000007)) v(x);
+    avg    | var_pop 
+-----------+---------
+ 100000005 |     2.5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES (7000000000005), (7000000000007)) v(x);
+      avg      | var_pop 
+---------------+---------
+ 7000000000006 |       1
+(1 row)
+
+-- SQL2003 binary aggregates
+SELECT regr_count(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+ regr_count 
+------------
+          4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regr_sxx(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+ regr_sxx 
+----------
+     5099
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regr_syy(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+     regr_syy     
+------------------
+ 68756.2156939293
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regr_sxy(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+     regr_sxy     
+------------------
+ 2614.51582155004
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regr_avgx(b, a), regr_avgy(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+ regr_avgx |    regr_avgy     
+-----------+------------------
+      49.5 | 107.943152273074
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regr_r2(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+      regr_r2       
+--------------------
+ 0.0194977982031803
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regr_slope(b, a), regr_intercept(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+    regr_slope     |  regr_intercept  
+-------------------+------------------
+ 0.512750700441271 | 82.5619926012309
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT covar_pop(b, a), covar_samp(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+    covar_pop    |    covar_samp    
+-----------------+------------------
+ 653.62895538751 | 871.505273850014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT corr(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+       corr        
+-------------------
+ 0.139634516517873
+(1 row)
+
+-- check single-tuple behavior
+SELECT covar_pop(1::float8,2::float8), covar_samp(3::float8,4::float8);
+ covar_pop | covar_samp 
+-----------+------------
+         0 |           
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT covar_pop(1::float8,'inf'::float8), covar_samp(3::float8,'inf'::float8);
+ covar_pop | covar_samp 
+-----------+------------
+       NaN |           
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT covar_pop(1::float8,'nan'::float8), covar_samp(3::float8,'nan'::float8);
+ covar_pop | covar_samp 
+-----------+------------
+       NaN |           
+(1 row)
+
+-- test accum and combine functions directly
+CREATE TABLE regr_test (x float8, y float8);
+INSERT INTO regr_test VALUES (10,150),(20,250),(30,350),(80,540),(100,200);
+SELECT count(*), sum(x), regr_sxx(y,x), sum(y),regr_syy(y,x), regr_sxy(y,x)
+FROM regr_test WHERE x IN (10,20,30,80);
+ count | sum | regr_sxx | sum  | regr_syy | regr_sxy 
+-------+-----+----------+------+----------+----------
+     4 | 140 |     2900 | 1290 |    83075 |    15050
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*), sum(x), regr_sxx(y,x), sum(y),regr_syy(y,x), regr_sxy(y,x)
+FROM regr_test;
+ count | sum | regr_sxx | sum  | regr_syy | regr_sxy 
+-------+-----+----------+------+----------+----------
+     5 | 240 |     6280 | 1490 |    95080 |     8680
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float8_accum('{4,140,2900}'::float8[], 100);
+ float8_accum 
+--------------
+ {5,240,6280}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float8_regr_accum('{4,140,2900,1290,83075,15050}'::float8[], 200, 100);
+      float8_regr_accum       
+------------------------------
+ {5,240,6280,1490,95080,8680}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*), sum(x), regr_sxx(y,x), sum(y),regr_syy(y,x), regr_sxy(y,x)
+FROM regr_test WHERE x IN (10,20,30);
+ count | sum | regr_sxx | sum | regr_syy | regr_sxy 
+-------+-----+----------+-----+----------+----------
+     3 |  60 |      200 | 750 |    20000 |     2000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*), sum(x), regr_sxx(y,x), sum(y),regr_syy(y,x), regr_sxy(y,x)
+FROM regr_test WHERE x IN (80,100);
+ count | sum | regr_sxx | sum | regr_syy | regr_sxy 
+-------+-----+----------+-----+----------+----------
+     2 | 180 |      200 | 740 |    57800 |    -3400
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float8_combine('{3,60,200}'::float8[], '{0,0,0}'::float8[]);
+ float8_combine 
+----------------
+ {3,60,200}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float8_combine('{0,0,0}'::float8[], '{2,180,200}'::float8[]);
+ float8_combine 
+----------------
+ {2,180,200}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float8_combine('{3,60,200}'::float8[], '{2,180,200}'::float8[]);
+ float8_combine 
+----------------
+ {5,240,6280}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float8_regr_combine('{3,60,200,750,20000,2000}'::float8[],
+                           '{0,0,0,0,0,0}'::float8[]);
+    float8_regr_combine    
+---------------------------
+ {3,60,200,750,20000,2000}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float8_regr_combine('{0,0,0,0,0,0}'::float8[],
+                           '{2,180,200,740,57800,-3400}'::float8[]);
+     float8_regr_combine     
+-----------------------------
+ {2,180,200,740,57800,-3400}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float8_regr_combine('{3,60,200,750,20000,2000}'::float8[],
+                           '{2,180,200,740,57800,-3400}'::float8[]);
+     float8_regr_combine      
+------------------------------
+ {5,240,6280,1490,95080,8680}
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE regr_test;
+-- test count, distinct
+SELECT count(four) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
+ cnt_1000 
+----------
+     1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(DISTINCT four) AS cnt_4 FROM onek;
+ cnt_4 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+select ten, count(*), sum(four) from onek
+group by ten order by ten;
+ ten | count | sum 
+-----+-------+-----
+   0 |   100 | 100
+   1 |   100 | 200
+   2 |   100 | 100
+   3 |   100 | 200
+   4 |   100 | 100
+   5 |   100 | 200
+   6 |   100 | 100
+   7 |   100 | 200
+   8 |   100 | 100
+   9 |   100 | 200
+(10 rows)
+
+select ten, count(four), sum(DISTINCT four) from onek
+group by ten order by ten;
+ ten | count | sum 
+-----+-------+-----
+   0 |   100 |   2
+   1 |   100 |   4
+   2 |   100 |   2
+   3 |   100 |   4
+   4 |   100 |   2
+   5 |   100 |   4
+   6 |   100 |   2
+   7 |   100 |   4
+   8 |   100 |   2
+   9 |   100 |   4
+(10 rows)
+
+-- user-defined aggregates
+SELECT newavg(four) AS avg_1 FROM onek;
+       avg_1        
+--------------------
+ 1.5000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT newsum(four) AS sum_1500 FROM onek;
+ sum_1500 
+----------
+     1500
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT newcnt(four) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
+ cnt_1000 
+----------
+     1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT newcnt(*) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
+ cnt_1000 
+----------
+     1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT oldcnt(*) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
+ cnt_1000 
+----------
+     1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum2(q1,q2) FROM int8_tbl;
+       sum2        
+-------------------
+ 18271560493827981
+(1 row)
+
+-- test for outer-level aggregates
+-- this should work
+select ten, sum(distinct four) from onek a
+group by ten
+having exists (select 1 from onek b where sum(distinct a.four) = b.four);
+ ten | sum 
+-----+-----
+   0 |   2
+   2 |   2
+   4 |   2
+   6 |   2
+   8 |   2
+(5 rows)
+
+-- this should fail because subquery has an agg of its own in WHERE
+select ten, sum(distinct four) from onek a
+group by ten
+having exists (select 1 from onek b
+               where sum(distinct a.four + b.four) = b.four);
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in WHERE
+LINE 4:                where sum(distinct a.four + b.four) = b.four)...
+                             ^
+-- Test handling of sublinks within outer-level aggregates.
+-- Per bug report from Daniel Grace.
+select
+  (select max((select i.unique2 from tenk1 i where i.unique1 = o.unique1)))
+from tenk1 o;
+ max  
+------
+ 9999
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test handling of Params within aggregate arguments in hashed aggregation.
+-- Per bug report from Jeevan Chalke.
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select s1, s2, sm
+from generate_series(1, 3) s1,
+     lateral (select s2, sum(s1 + s2) sm
+              from generate_series(1, 3) s2 group by s2) ss
+order by 1, 2;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Output: s1.s1, s2.s2, (sum((s1.s1 + s2.s2)))
+   Sort Key: s1.s1, s2.s2
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Output: s1.s1, s2.s2, (sum((s1.s1 + s2.s2)))
+         ->  Function Scan on pg_catalog.generate_series s1
+               Output: s1.s1
+               Function Call: generate_series(1, 3)
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Output: s2.s2, sum((s1.s1 + s2.s2))
+               Group Key: s2.s2
+               ->  Function Scan on pg_catalog.generate_series s2
+                     Output: s2.s2
+                     Function Call: generate_series(1, 3)
+(14 rows)
+
+select s1, s2, sm
+from generate_series(1, 3) s1,
+     lateral (select s2, sum(s1 + s2) sm
+              from generate_series(1, 3) s2 group by s2) ss
+order by 1, 2;
+ s1 | s2 | sm 
+----+----+----
+  1 |  1 |  2
+  1 |  2 |  3
+  1 |  3 |  4
+  2 |  1 |  3
+  2 |  2 |  4
+  2 |  3 |  5
+  3 |  1 |  4
+  3 |  2 |  5
+  3 |  3 |  6
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select array(select sum(x+y) s
+            from generate_series(1,3) y group by y order by s)
+  from generate_series(1,3) x;
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on pg_catalog.generate_series x
+   Output: (SubPlan 1)
+   Function Call: generate_series(1, 3)
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Sort
+           Output: (sum((x.x + y.y))), y.y
+           Sort Key: (sum((x.x + y.y)))
+           ->  HashAggregate
+                 Output: sum((x.x + y.y)), y.y
+                 Group Key: y.y
+                 ->  Function Scan on pg_catalog.generate_series y
+                       Output: y.y
+                       Function Call: generate_series(1, 3)
+(13 rows)
+
+select array(select sum(x+y) s
+            from generate_series(1,3) y group by y order by s)
+  from generate_series(1,3) x;
+  array  
+---------
+ {2,3,4}
+ {3,4,5}
+ {4,5,6}
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- test for bitwise integer aggregates
+--
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE bitwise_test(
+  i2 INT2,
+  i4 INT4,
+  i8 INT8,
+  i INTEGER,
+  x INT2,
+  y BIT(4)
+);
+-- empty case
+SELECT
+  BIT_AND(i2) AS "?",
+  BIT_OR(i4)  AS "?",
+  BIT_XOR(i8) AS "?"
+FROM bitwise_test;
+ ? | ? | ? 
+---+---+---
+   |   |  
+(1 row)
+
+COPY bitwise_test FROM STDIN NULL 'null';
+SELECT
+  BIT_AND(i2) AS "1",
+  BIT_AND(i4) AS "1",
+  BIT_AND(i8) AS "1",
+  BIT_AND(i)  AS "?",
+  BIT_AND(x)  AS "0",
+  BIT_AND(y)  AS "0100",
+  BIT_OR(i2)  AS "7",
+  BIT_OR(i4)  AS "7",
+  BIT_OR(i8)  AS "7",
+  BIT_OR(i)   AS "?",
+  BIT_OR(x)   AS "7",
+  BIT_OR(y)   AS "1101",
+  BIT_XOR(i2) AS "5",
+  BIT_XOR(i4) AS "5",
+  BIT_XOR(i8) AS "5",
+  BIT_XOR(i)  AS "?",
+  BIT_XOR(x)  AS "7",
+  BIT_XOR(y)  AS "1101"
+FROM bitwise_test;
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | ? | 0 | 0100 | 7 | 7 | 7 | ? | 7 | 1101 | 5 | 5 | 5 | ? | 7 | 1101 
+---+---+---+---+---+------+---+---+---+---+---+------+---+---+---+---+---+------
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0100 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 1101 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 1101
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test boolean aggregates
+--
+-- first test all possible transition and final states
+SELECT
+  -- boolean and transitions
+  -- null because strict
+  booland_statefunc(NULL, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  booland_statefunc(TRUE, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  booland_statefunc(FALSE, NULL) IS NULL AS "t",
+  booland_statefunc(NULL, TRUE)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  booland_statefunc(NULL, FALSE) IS NULL AS "t",
+  -- and actual computations
+  booland_statefunc(TRUE, TRUE) AS "t",
+  NOT booland_statefunc(TRUE, FALSE) AS "t",
+  NOT booland_statefunc(FALSE, TRUE) AS "t",
+  NOT booland_statefunc(FALSE, FALSE) AS "t";
+ t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t 
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
+ t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT
+  -- boolean or transitions
+  -- null because strict
+  boolor_statefunc(NULL, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(TRUE, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(FALSE, NULL) IS NULL AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(NULL, TRUE)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(NULL, FALSE) IS NULL AS "t",
+  -- actual computations
+  boolor_statefunc(TRUE, TRUE) AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(TRUE, FALSE) AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(FALSE, TRUE) AS "t",
+  NOT boolor_statefunc(FALSE, FALSE) AS "t";
+ t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t 
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
+ t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE bool_test(
+  b1 BOOL,
+  b2 BOOL,
+  b3 BOOL,
+  b4 BOOL);
+-- empty case
+SELECT
+  BOOL_AND(b1)   AS "n",
+  BOOL_OR(b3)    AS "n"
+FROM bool_test;
+ n | n 
+---+---
+   | 
+(1 row)
+
+COPY bool_test FROM STDIN NULL 'null';
+SELECT
+  BOOL_AND(b1)     AS "f",
+  BOOL_AND(b2)     AS "t",
+  BOOL_AND(b3)     AS "f",
+  BOOL_AND(b4)     AS "n",
+  BOOL_AND(NOT b2) AS "f",
+  BOOL_AND(NOT b3) AS "t"
+FROM bool_test;
+ f | t | f | n | f | t 
+---+---+---+---+---+---
+ f | t | f |   | f | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT
+  EVERY(b1)     AS "f",
+  EVERY(b2)     AS "t",
+  EVERY(b3)     AS "f",
+  EVERY(b4)     AS "n",
+  EVERY(NOT b2) AS "f",
+  EVERY(NOT b3) AS "t"
+FROM bool_test;
+ f | t | f | n | f | t 
+---+---+---+---+---+---
+ f | t | f |   | f | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT
+  BOOL_OR(b1)      AS "t",
+  BOOL_OR(b2)      AS "t",
+  BOOL_OR(b3)      AS "f",
+  BOOL_OR(b4)      AS "n",
+  BOOL_OR(NOT b2)  AS "f",
+  BOOL_OR(NOT b3)  AS "t"
+FROM bool_test;
+ t | t | f | n | f | t 
+---+---+---+---+---+---
+ t | t | f |   | f | t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test cases that should be optimized into indexscans instead of
+-- the generic aggregate implementation.
+--
+-- Basic cases
+explain (costs off)
+  select min(unique1) from tenk1;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
+(5 rows)
+
+select min(unique1) from tenk1;
+ min 
+-----
+   0
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique1) from tenk1;
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
+(5 rows)
+
+select max(unique1) from tenk1;
+ max  
+------
+ 9999
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 < 42;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: ((unique1 IS NOT NULL) AND (unique1 < 42))
+(5 rows)
+
+select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 < 42;
+ max 
+-----
+  41
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: ((unique1 IS NOT NULL) AND (unique1 > 42))
+(5 rows)
+
+select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42;
+ max  
+------
+ 9999
+(1 row)
+
+-- the planner may choose a generic aggregate here if parallel query is
+-- enabled, since that plan will be parallel safe and the "optimized"
+-- plan, which has almost identical cost, will not be.  we want to test
+-- the optimized plan, so temporarily disable parallel query.
+begin;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42000;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: ((unique1 IS NOT NULL) AND (unique1 > 42000))
+(5 rows)
+
+select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42000;
+ max 
+-----
+    
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+-- multi-column index (uses tenk1_thous_tenthous)
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: ((thousand = 33) AND (tenthous IS NOT NULL))
+(5 rows)
+
+select max(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
+ max  
+------
+ 9033
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select min(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: ((thousand = 33) AND (tenthous IS NOT NULL))
+(5 rows)
+
+select min(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
+ min 
+-----
+  33
+(1 row)
+
+-- check parameter propagation into an indexscan subquery
+explain (costs off)
+  select f1, (select min(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > f1) AS gt
+    from int4_tbl;
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on int4_tbl
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Result
+           InitPlan 1 (returns $1)
+             ->  Limit
+                   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                         Index Cond: ((unique1 IS NOT NULL) AND (unique1 > int4_tbl.f1))
+(7 rows)
+
+select f1, (select min(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > f1) AS gt
+  from int4_tbl;
+     f1      | gt 
+-------------+----
+           0 |  1
+      123456 |   
+     -123456 |  0
+  2147483647 |   
+ -2147483647 |  0
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check some cases that were handled incorrectly in 8.3.0
+explain (costs off)
+  select distinct max(unique2) from tenk1;
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: $0
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Result
+(7 rows)
+
+select distinct max(unique2) from tenk1;
+ max  
+------
+ 9999
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by 1;
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: ($0)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Result
+(7 rows)
+
+select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by 1;
+ max  
+------
+ 9999
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2);
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: ($0)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Result
+(7 rows)
+
+select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2);
+ max  
+------
+ 9999
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2)+1;
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (($0 + 1))
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Result
+(7 rows)
+
+select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2)+1;
+ max  
+------
+ 9999
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique2), generate_series(1,3) as g from tenk1 order by g desc;
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (generate_series(1, 3)) DESC
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  ProjectSet
+         ->  Result
+(8 rows)
+
+select max(unique2), generate_series(1,3) as g from tenk1 order by g desc;
+ max  | g 
+------+---
+ 9999 | 3
+ 9999 | 2
+ 9999 | 1
+(3 rows)
+
+-- interesting corner case: constant gets optimized into a seqscan
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(100) from tenk1;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Result
+                 One-Time Filter: (100 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+(6 rows)
+
+select max(100) from tenk1;
+ max 
+-----
+ 100
+(1 row)
+
+-- try it on an inheritance tree
+create table minmaxtest(f1 int);
+create table minmaxtest1() inherits (minmaxtest);
+create table minmaxtest2() inherits (minmaxtest);
+create table minmaxtest3() inherits (minmaxtest);
+create index minmaxtesti on minmaxtest(f1);
+create index minmaxtest1i on minmaxtest1(f1);
+create index minmaxtest2i on minmaxtest2(f1 desc);
+create index minmaxtest3i on minmaxtest3(f1) where f1 is not null;
+insert into minmaxtest values(11), (12);
+insert into minmaxtest1 values(13), (14);
+insert into minmaxtest2 values(15), (16);
+insert into minmaxtest3 values(17), (18);
+explain (costs off)
+  select min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Merge Append
+                 Sort Key: minmaxtest.f1
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtesti on minmaxtest minmaxtest_1
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest1i on minmaxtest1 minmaxtest_2
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest2i on minmaxtest2 minmaxtest_3
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest3i on minmaxtest3 minmaxtest_4
+   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Merge Append
+                 Sort Key: minmaxtest_5.f1 DESC
+                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtesti on minmaxtest minmaxtest_6
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest1i on minmaxtest1 minmaxtest_7
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest2i on minmaxtest2 minmaxtest_8
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest3i on minmaxtest3 minmaxtest_9
+(23 rows)
+
+select min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+  11 |  18
+(1 row)
+
+-- DISTINCT doesn't do anything useful here, but it shouldn't fail
+explain (costs off)
+  select distinct min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Merge Append
+                 Sort Key: minmaxtest.f1
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtesti on minmaxtest minmaxtest_1
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest1i on minmaxtest1 minmaxtest_2
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest2i on minmaxtest2 minmaxtest_3
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest3i on minmaxtest3 minmaxtest_4
+   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Merge Append
+                 Sort Key: minmaxtest_5.f1 DESC
+                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtesti on minmaxtest minmaxtest_6
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest1i on minmaxtest1 minmaxtest_7
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest2i on minmaxtest2 minmaxtest_8
+                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest3i on minmaxtest3 minmaxtest_9
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: ($0), ($1)
+         ->  Result
+(26 rows)
+
+select distinct min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+  11 |  18
+(1 row)
+
+drop table minmaxtest cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table minmaxtest1
+drop cascades to table minmaxtest2
+drop cascades to table minmaxtest3
+-- check for correct detection of nested-aggregate errors
+select max(min(unique1)) from tenk1;
+ERROR:  aggregate function calls cannot be nested
+LINE 1: select max(min(unique1)) from tenk1;
+                   ^
+select (select max(min(unique1)) from int8_tbl) from tenk1;
+ERROR:  aggregate function calls cannot be nested
+LINE 1: select (select max(min(unique1)) from int8_tbl) from tenk1;
+                           ^
+select avg((select avg(a1.col1 order by (select avg(a2.col2) from tenk1 a3))
+            from tenk1 a1(col1)))
+from tenk1 a2(col2);
+ERROR:  aggregate function calls cannot be nested
+LINE 1: select avg((select avg(a1.col1 order by (select avg(a2.col2)...
+                                                        ^
+--
+-- Test removal of redundant GROUP BY columns
+--
+create temp table t1 (a int, b int, c int, d int, primary key (a, b));
+create temp table t2 (x int, y int, z int, primary key (x, y));
+create temp table t3 (a int, b int, c int, primary key(a, b) deferrable);
+-- Non-primary-key columns can be removed from GROUP BY
+explain (costs off) select * from t1 group by a,b,c,d;
+      QUERY PLAN      
+----------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: a, b
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1
+(3 rows)
+
+-- No removal can happen if the complete PK is not present in GROUP BY
+explain (costs off) select a,c from t1 group by a,c,d;
+      QUERY PLAN      
+----------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: a, c, d
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Test removal across multiple relations
+explain (costs off) select *
+from t1 inner join t2 on t1.a = t2.x and t1.b = t2.y
+group by t1.a,t1.b,t1.c,t1.d,t2.x,t2.y,t2.z;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: t1.a, t1.b, t2.x, t2.y
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.x = t1.a) AND (t2.y = t1.b))
+         ->  Seq Scan on t2
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on t1
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Test case where t1 can be optimized but not t2
+explain (costs off) select t1.*,t2.x,t2.z
+from t1 inner join t2 on t1.a = t2.x and t1.b = t2.y
+group by t1.a,t1.b,t1.c,t1.d,t2.x,t2.z;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: t1.a, t1.b, t2.x, t2.z
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.x = t1.a) AND (t2.y = t1.b))
+         ->  Seq Scan on t2
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on t1
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Cannot optimize when PK is deferrable
+explain (costs off) select * from t3 group by a,b,c;
+      QUERY PLAN      
+----------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: a, b, c
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3
+(3 rows)
+
+create temp table t1c () inherits (t1);
+-- Ensure we don't remove any columns when t1 has a child table
+explain (costs off) select * from t1 group by a,b,c,d;
+             QUERY PLAN              
+-------------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: t1.a, t1.b, t1.c, t1.d
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on t1c t1_2
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Okay to remove columns if we're only querying the parent.
+explain (costs off) select * from only t1 group by a,b,c,d;
+      QUERY PLAN      
+----------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: a, b
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1
+(3 rows)
+
+create temp table p_t1 (
+  a int,
+  b int,
+  c int,
+  d int,
+  primary key(a,b)
+) partition by list(a);
+create temp table p_t1_1 partition of p_t1 for values in(1);
+create temp table p_t1_2 partition of p_t1 for values in(2);
+-- Ensure we can remove non-PK columns for partitioned tables.
+explain (costs off) select * from p_t1 group by a,b,c,d;
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: p_t1.a, p_t1.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on p_t1_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on p_t1_2
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table t1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table t1c
+drop table t2;
+drop table t3;
+drop table p_t1;
+--
+-- Test GROUP BY matching of join columns that are type-coerced due to USING
+--
+create temp table t1(f1 int, f2 bigint);
+create temp table t2(f1 bigint, f22 bigint);
+select f1 from t1 left join t2 using (f1) group by f1;
+ f1 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+select f1 from t1 left join t2 using (f1) group by t1.f1;
+ f1 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+select t1.f1 from t1 left join t2 using (f1) group by t1.f1;
+ f1 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- only this one should fail:
+select t1.f1 from t1 left join t2 using (f1) group by f1;
+ERROR:  column "t1.f1" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: select t1.f1 from t1 left join t2 using (f1) group by f1;
+               ^
+drop table t1, t2;
+--
+-- Test combinations of DISTINCT and/or ORDER BY
+--
+select array_agg(a order by b)
+  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
+ array_agg 
+-----------
+ {3,4,2,1}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(a order by a)
+  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
+ array_agg 
+-----------
+ {1,2,3,4}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(a order by a desc)
+  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
+ array_agg 
+-----------
+ {4,3,2,1}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(b order by a desc)
+  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
+ array_agg 
+-----------
+ {2,1,3,4}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(distinct a)
+  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
+  array_agg   
+--------------
+ {1,2,3,NULL}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(distinct a order by a)
+  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
+  array_agg   
+--------------
+ {1,2,3,NULL}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(distinct a order by a desc)
+  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
+  array_agg   
+--------------
+ {NULL,3,2,1}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(distinct a order by a desc nulls last)
+  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
+  array_agg   
+--------------
+ {3,2,1,NULL}
+(1 row)
+
+-- multi-arg aggs, strict/nonstrict, distinct/order by
+select aggfstr(a,b,c)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+                aggfstr                
+---------------------------------------
+ {"(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select aggfns(a,b,c)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+                    aggfns                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"(1,3,foo)","(0,,)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select aggfstr(distinct a,b,c)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,3) i;
+                aggfstr                
+---------------------------------------
+ {"(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,3) i;
+                    aggfns                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"(0,,)","(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select aggfstr(distinct a,b,c order by b)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,3) i;
+                aggfstr                
+---------------------------------------
+ {"(3,1,baz)","(2,2,bar)","(1,3,foo)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by b)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,3) i;
+                    aggfns                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"(3,1,baz)","(2,2,bar)","(1,3,foo)","(0,,)"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- test specific code paths
+select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by c using ~<~,a)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,2) i;
+                     aggfns                     
+------------------------------------------------
+ {"(2,2,bar)","(3,3,baz)","(1,1,foo)","(0,0,)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by c using ~<~)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,2) i;
+                     aggfns                     
+------------------------------------------------
+ {"(2,2,bar)","(3,3,baz)","(1,1,foo)","(0,0,)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by a)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,2) i;
+                     aggfns                     
+------------------------------------------------
+ {"(0,0,)","(1,1,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,3,baz)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,c using ~<~,b)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,2) i;
+                    aggfns                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"(0,,)","(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- check node I/O via view creation and usage, also deparsing logic
+create view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(a,b,c)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+select * from agg_view1;
+                    aggfns                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"(1,3,foo)","(0,,)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT aggfns(v.a, v.b, v.c) AS aggfns                                                                            +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(distinct a,b,c)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+         generate_series(1,3) i;
+select * from agg_view1;
+                    aggfns                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"(0,,)","(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT aggfns(DISTINCT v.a, v.b, v.c) AS aggfns                                                                   +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c),+
+     generate_series(1, 3) i(i);
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by b)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+         generate_series(1,3) i;
+select * from agg_view1;
+                    aggfns                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"(3,1,baz)","(2,2,bar)","(1,3,foo)","(0,,)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT aggfns(DISTINCT v.a, v.b, v.c ORDER BY v.b) AS aggfns                                                      +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c),+
+     generate_series(1, 3) i(i);
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(a,b,c order by b+1)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+select * from agg_view1;
+                    aggfns                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"(3,1,baz)","(2,2,bar)","(1,3,foo)","(0,,)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT aggfns(v.a, v.b, v.c ORDER BY (v.b + 1)) AS aggfns                                                         +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(a,a,c order by b)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+select * from agg_view1;
+                     aggfns                     
+------------------------------------------------
+ {"(3,3,baz)","(2,2,bar)","(1,1,foo)","(0,0,)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT aggfns(v.a, v.a, v.c ORDER BY v.b) AS aggfns                                                               +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(a,b,c order by c using ~<~)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+select * from agg_view1;
+                    aggfns                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)","(1,3,foo)","(0,,)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT aggfns(v.a, v.b, v.c ORDER BY v.c USING ~<~ NULLS LAST) AS aggfns                                          +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,c using ~<~,b)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+         generate_series(1,2) i;
+select * from agg_view1;
+                    aggfns                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"(0,,)","(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT aggfns(DISTINCT v.a, v.b, v.c ORDER BY v.a, v.c USING ~<~ NULLS LAST, v.b) AS aggfns                       +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c),+
+     generate_series(1, 2) i(i);
+(1 row)
+
+drop view agg_view1;
+-- incorrect DISTINCT usage errors
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by i)
+  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
+ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
+LINE 1: select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by i)
+                                              ^
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,b+1)
+  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
+ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
+LINE 1: select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,b+1)
+                                                ^
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,b,i,c)
+  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
+ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
+LINE 1: select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,b,i,c)
+                                                  ^
+select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by a,b)
+  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
+ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
+LINE 1: select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by a,b)
+                                                ^
+-- string_agg tests
+select string_agg(a,',') from (values('aaaa'),('bbbb'),('cccc')) g(a);
+   string_agg   
+----------------
+ aaaa,bbbb,cccc
+(1 row)
+
+select string_agg(a,',') from (values('aaaa'),(null),('bbbb'),('cccc')) g(a);
+   string_agg   
+----------------
+ aaaa,bbbb,cccc
+(1 row)
+
+select string_agg(a,'AB') from (values(null),(null),('bbbb'),('cccc')) g(a);
+ string_agg 
+------------
+ bbbbABcccc
+(1 row)
+
+select string_agg(a,',') from (values(null),(null)) g(a);
+ string_agg 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- check some implicit casting cases, as per bug #5564
+select string_agg(distinct f1, ',' order by f1) from varchar_tbl;  -- ok
+ string_agg 
+------------
+ a,ab,abcd
+(1 row)
+
+select string_agg(distinct f1::text, ',' order by f1) from varchar_tbl;  -- not ok
+ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
+LINE 1: select string_agg(distinct f1::text, ',' order by f1) from v...
+                                                          ^
+select string_agg(distinct f1, ',' order by f1::text) from varchar_tbl;  -- not ok
+ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
+LINE 1: select string_agg(distinct f1, ',' order by f1::text) from v...
+                                                    ^
+select string_agg(distinct f1::text, ',' order by f1::text) from varchar_tbl;  -- ok
+ string_agg 
+------------
+ a,ab,abcd
+(1 row)
+
+-- string_agg bytea tests
+create table bytea_test_table(v bytea);
+select string_agg(v, '') from bytea_test_table;
+ string_agg 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+insert into bytea_test_table values(decode('ff','hex'));
+select string_agg(v, '') from bytea_test_table;
+ string_agg 
+------------
+ \xff
+(1 row)
+
+insert into bytea_test_table values(decode('aa','hex'));
+select string_agg(v, '') from bytea_test_table;
+ string_agg 
+------------
+ \xffaa
+(1 row)
+
+select string_agg(v, NULL) from bytea_test_table;
+ string_agg 
+------------
+ \xffaa
+(1 row)
+
+select string_agg(v, decode('ee', 'hex')) from bytea_test_table;
+ string_agg 
+------------
+ \xffeeaa
+(1 row)
+
+drop table bytea_test_table;
+-- FILTER tests
+select min(unique1) filter (where unique1 > 100) from tenk1;
+ min 
+-----
+ 101
+(1 row)
+
+select sum(1/ten) filter (where ten > 0) from tenk1;
+ sum  
+------
+ 1000
+(1 row)
+
+select ten, sum(distinct four) filter (where four::text ~ '123') from onek a
+group by ten;
+ ten | sum 
+-----+-----
+   0 |    
+   1 |    
+   2 |    
+   3 |    
+   4 |    
+   5 |    
+   6 |    
+   7 |    
+   8 |    
+   9 |    
+(10 rows)
+
+select ten, sum(distinct four) filter (where four > 10) from onek a
+group by ten
+having exists (select 1 from onek b where sum(distinct a.four) = b.four);
+ ten | sum 
+-----+-----
+   0 |    
+   2 |    
+   4 |    
+   6 |    
+   8 |    
+(5 rows)
+
+select max(foo COLLATE "C") filter (where (bar collate "POSIX") > '0')
+from (values ('a', 'b')) AS v(foo,bar);
+ max 
+-----
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+-- outer reference in FILTER (PostgreSQL extension)
+select (select count(*)
+        from (values (1)) t0(inner_c))
+from (values (2),(3)) t1(outer_c); -- inner query is aggregation query
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     1
+(2 rows)
+
+select (select count(*) filter (where outer_c <> 0)
+        from (values (1)) t0(inner_c))
+from (values (2),(3)) t1(outer_c); -- outer query is aggregation query
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+select (select count(inner_c) filter (where outer_c <> 0)
+        from (values (1)) t0(inner_c))
+from (values (2),(3)) t1(outer_c); -- inner query is aggregation query
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     1
+(2 rows)
+
+select
+  (select max((select i.unique2 from tenk1 i where i.unique1 = o.unique1))
+     filter (where o.unique1 < 10))
+from tenk1 o;					-- outer query is aggregation query
+ max  
+------
+ 9998
+(1 row)
+
+-- subquery in FILTER clause (PostgreSQL extension)
+select sum(unique1) FILTER (WHERE
+  unique1 IN (SELECT unique1 FROM onek where unique1 < 100)) FROM tenk1;
+ sum  
+------
+ 4950
+(1 row)
+
+-- exercise lots of aggregate parts with FILTER
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,c using ~<~,b) filter (where a > 1)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+    generate_series(1,2) i;
+          aggfns           
+---------------------------
+ {"(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- check handling of bare boolean Var in FILTER
+select max(0) filter (where b1) from bool_test;
+ max 
+-----
+   0
+(1 row)
+
+select (select max(0) filter (where b1)) from bool_test;
+ max 
+-----
+   0
+(1 row)
+
+-- check for correct detection of nested-aggregate errors in FILTER
+select max(unique1) filter (where sum(ten) > 0) from tenk1;
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FILTER
+LINE 1: select max(unique1) filter (where sum(ten) > 0) from tenk1;
+                                          ^
+select (select max(unique1) filter (where sum(ten) > 0) from int8_tbl) from tenk1;
+ERROR:  aggregate function calls cannot be nested
+LINE 1: select (select max(unique1) filter (where sum(ten) > 0) from...
+                                                  ^
+select max(unique1) filter (where bool_or(ten > 0)) from tenk1;
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FILTER
+LINE 1: select max(unique1) filter (where bool_or(ten > 0)) from ten...
+                                          ^
+select (select max(unique1) filter (where bool_or(ten > 0)) from int8_tbl) from tenk1;
+ERROR:  aggregate function calls cannot be nested
+LINE 1: select (select max(unique1) filter (where bool_or(ten > 0)) ...
+                                                  ^
+-- ordered-set aggregates
+select p, percentile_cont(p) within group (order by x::float8)
+from generate_series(1,5) x,
+     (values (0::float8),(0.1),(0.25),(0.4),(0.5),(0.6),(0.75),(0.9),(1)) v(p)
+group by p order by p;
+  p   | percentile_cont 
+------+-----------------
+    0 |               1
+  0.1 |             1.4
+ 0.25 |               2
+  0.4 |             2.6
+  0.5 |               3
+  0.6 |             3.4
+ 0.75 |               4
+  0.9 |             4.6
+    1 |               5
+(9 rows)
+
+select p, percentile_cont(p order by p) within group (order by x)  -- error
+from generate_series(1,5) x,
+     (values (0::float8),(0.1),(0.25),(0.4),(0.5),(0.6),(0.75),(0.9),(1)) v(p)
+group by p order by p;
+ERROR:  cannot use multiple ORDER BY clauses with WITHIN GROUP
+LINE 1: select p, percentile_cont(p order by p) within group (order ...
+                                                ^
+select p, sum() within group (order by x::float8)  -- error
+from generate_series(1,5) x,
+     (values (0::float8),(0.1),(0.25),(0.4),(0.5),(0.6),(0.75),(0.9),(1)) v(p)
+group by p order by p;
+ERROR:  sum is not an ordered-set aggregate, so it cannot have WITHIN GROUP
+LINE 1: select p, sum() within group (order by x::float8)  -- error
+                  ^
+select p, percentile_cont(p,p)  -- error
+from generate_series(1,5) x,
+     (values (0::float8),(0.1),(0.25),(0.4),(0.5),(0.6),(0.75),(0.9),(1)) v(p)
+group by p order by p;
+ERROR:  WITHIN GROUP is required for ordered-set aggregate percentile_cont
+LINE 1: select p, percentile_cont(p,p)  -- error
+                  ^
+select percentile_cont(0.5) within group (order by b) from aggtest;
+ percentile_cont  
+------------------
+ 53.4485001564026
+(1 row)
+
+select percentile_cont(0.5) within group (order by b), sum(b) from aggtest;
+ percentile_cont  |   sum   
+------------------+---------
+ 53.4485001564026 | 431.773
+(1 row)
+
+select percentile_cont(0.5) within group (order by thousand) from tenk1;
+ percentile_cont 
+-----------------
+           499.5
+(1 row)
+
+select percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by thousand) from tenk1;
+ percentile_disc 
+-----------------
+             499
+(1 row)
+
+select rank(3) within group (order by x)
+from (values (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3),(4)) v(x);
+ rank 
+------
+    5
+(1 row)
+
+select cume_dist(3) within group (order by x)
+from (values (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3),(4)) v(x);
+ cume_dist 
+-----------
+     0.875
+(1 row)
+
+select percent_rank(3) within group (order by x)
+from (values (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3),(4),(5)) v(x);
+ percent_rank 
+--------------
+          0.5
+(1 row)
+
+select dense_rank(3) within group (order by x)
+from (values (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3),(4)) v(x);
+ dense_rank 
+------------
+          3
+(1 row)
+
+select percentile_disc(array[0,0.1,0.25,0.5,0.75,0.9,1]) within group (order by thousand)
+from tenk1;
+      percentile_disc       
+----------------------------
+ {0,99,249,499,749,899,999}
+(1 row)
+
+select percentile_cont(array[0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1]) within group (order by thousand)
+from tenk1;
+       percentile_cont       
+-----------------------------
+ {0,249.75,499.5,749.25,999}
+(1 row)
+
+select percentile_disc(array[[null,1,0.5],[0.75,0.25,null]]) within group (order by thousand)
+from tenk1;
+         percentile_disc         
+---------------------------------
+ {{NULL,999,499},{749,249,NULL}}
+(1 row)
+
+select percentile_cont(array[0,1,0.25,0.75,0.5,1,0.3,0.32,0.35,0.38,0.4]) within group (order by x)
+from generate_series(1,6) x;
+             percentile_cont              
+------------------------------------------
+ {1,6,2.25,4.75,3.5,6,2.5,2.6,2.75,2.9,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select ten, mode() within group (order by string4) from tenk1 group by ten;
+ ten |  mode  
+-----+--------
+   0 | HHHHxx
+   1 | OOOOxx
+   2 | VVVVxx
+   3 | OOOOxx
+   4 | HHHHxx
+   5 | HHHHxx
+   6 | OOOOxx
+   7 | AAAAxx
+   8 | VVVVxx
+   9 | VVVVxx
+(10 rows)
+
+select percentile_disc(array[0.25,0.5,0.75]) within group (order by x)
+from unnest('{fred,jim,fred,jack,jill,fred,jill,jim,jim,sheila,jim,sheila}'::text[]) u(x);
+ percentile_disc 
+-----------------
+ {fred,jill,jim}
+(1 row)
+
+-- check collation propagates up in suitable cases:
+select pg_collation_for(percentile_disc(1) within group (order by x collate "POSIX"))
+  from (values ('fred'),('jim')) v(x);
+ pg_collation_for 
+------------------
+ "POSIX"
+(1 row)
+
+-- ordered-set aggs created with CREATE AGGREGATE
+select test_rank(3) within group (order by x)
+from (values (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3),(4)) v(x);
+ test_rank 
+-----------
+         5
+(1 row)
+
+select test_percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by thousand) from tenk1;
+ test_percentile_disc 
+----------------------
+                  499
+(1 row)
+
+-- ordered-set aggs can't use ungrouped vars in direct args:
+select rank(x) within group (order by x) from generate_series(1,5) x;
+ERROR:  column "x.x" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: select rank(x) within group (order by x) from generate_serie...
+                    ^
+DETAIL:  Direct arguments of an ordered-set aggregate must use only grouped columns.
+-- outer-level agg can't use a grouped arg of a lower level, either:
+select array(select percentile_disc(a) within group (order by x)
+               from (values (0.3),(0.7)) v(a) group by a)
+  from generate_series(1,5) g(x);
+ERROR:  outer-level aggregate cannot contain a lower-level variable in its direct arguments
+LINE 1: select array(select percentile_disc(a) within group (order b...
+                                            ^
+-- agg in the direct args is a grouping violation, too:
+select rank(sum(x)) within group (order by x) from generate_series(1,5) x;
+ERROR:  aggregate function calls cannot be nested
+LINE 1: select rank(sum(x)) within group (order by x) from generate_...
+                    ^
+-- hypothetical-set type unification and argument-count failures:
+select rank(3) within group (order by x) from (values ('fred'),('jim')) v(x);
+ERROR:  WITHIN GROUP types text and integer cannot be matched
+LINE 1: select rank(3) within group (order by x) from (values ('fred...
+                    ^
+select rank(3) within group (order by stringu1,stringu2) from tenk1;
+ERROR:  function rank(integer, name, name) does not exist
+LINE 1: select rank(3) within group (order by stringu1,stringu2) fro...
+               ^
+HINT:  To use the hypothetical-set aggregate rank, the number of hypothetical direct arguments (here 1) must match the number of ordering columns (here 2).
+select rank('fred') within group (order by x) from generate_series(1,5) x;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "fred"
+LINE 1: select rank('fred') within group (order by x) from generate_...
+                    ^
+select rank('adam'::text collate "C") within group (order by x collate "POSIX")
+  from (values ('fred'),('jim')) v(x);
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between explicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
+LINE 1: ...adam'::text collate "C") within group (order by x collate "P...
+                                                             ^
+-- hypothetical-set type unification successes:
+select rank('adam'::varchar) within group (order by x) from (values ('fred'),('jim')) v(x);
+ rank 
+------
+    1
+(1 row)
+
+select rank('3') within group (order by x) from generate_series(1,5) x;
+ rank 
+------
+    3
+(1 row)
+
+-- divide by zero check
+select percent_rank(0) within group (order by x) from generate_series(1,0) x;
+ percent_rank 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+-- deparse and multiple features:
+create view aggordview1 as
+select ten,
+       percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by thousand) as p50,
+       percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by thousand) filter (where hundred=1) as px,
+       rank(5,'AZZZZ',50) within group (order by hundred, string4 desc, hundred)
+  from tenk1
+ group by ten order by ten;
+select pg_get_viewdef('aggordview1');
+                                                        pg_get_viewdef                                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT tenk1.ten,                                                                                                           +
+     percentile_disc((0.5)::double precision) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY tenk1.thousand) AS p50,                                  +
+     percentile_disc((0.5)::double precision) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY tenk1.thousand) FILTER (WHERE (tenk1.hundred = 1)) AS px,+
+     rank(5, 'AZZZZ'::name, 50) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY tenk1.hundred, tenk1.string4 DESC, tenk1.hundred) AS rank              +
+    FROM tenk1                                                                                                                +
+   GROUP BY tenk1.ten                                                                                                         +
+   ORDER BY tenk1.ten;
+(1 row)
+
+select * from aggordview1 order by ten;
+ ten | p50 | px  | rank 
+-----+-----+-----+------
+   0 | 490 |     |  101
+   1 | 491 | 401 |  101
+   2 | 492 |     |  101
+   3 | 493 |     |  101
+   4 | 494 |     |  101
+   5 | 495 |     |   67
+   6 | 496 |     |    1
+   7 | 497 |     |    1
+   8 | 498 |     |    1
+   9 | 499 |     |    1
+(10 rows)
+
+drop view aggordview1;
+-- variadic aggregates
+select least_agg(q1,q2) from int8_tbl;
+     least_agg     
+-------------------
+ -4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+select least_agg(variadic array[q1,q2]) from int8_tbl;
+     least_agg     
+-------------------
+ -4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+select cleast_agg(q1,q2) from int8_tbl;
+    cleast_agg     
+-------------------
+ -4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+select cleast_agg(4.5,f1) from int4_tbl;
+ cleast_agg  
+-------------
+ -2147483647
+(1 row)
+
+select cleast_agg(variadic array[4.5,f1]) from int4_tbl;
+ cleast_agg  
+-------------
+ -2147483647
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(cleast_agg(variadic array[4.5,f1])) from int4_tbl;
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ numeric
+(1 row)
+
+-- test aggregates with common transition functions share the same states
+begin work;
+create type avg_state as (total bigint, count bigint);
+create or replace function avg_transfn(state avg_state, n int) returns avg_state as
+$$
+declare new_state avg_state;
+begin
+	raise notice 'avg_transfn called with %', n;
+	if state is null then
+		if n is not null then
+			new_state.total := n;
+			new_state.count := 1;
+			return new_state;
+		end if;
+		return null;
+	elsif n is not null then
+		state.total := state.total + n;
+		state.count := state.count + 1;
+		return state;
+	end if;
+
+	return null;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create function avg_finalfn(state avg_state) returns int4 as
+$$
+begin
+	if state is null then
+		return NULL;
+	else
+		return state.total / state.count;
+	end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create function sum_finalfn(state avg_state) returns int4 as
+$$
+begin
+	if state is null then
+		return NULL;
+	else
+		return state.total;
+	end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create aggregate my_avg(int4)
+(
+   stype = avg_state,
+   sfunc = avg_transfn,
+   finalfunc = avg_finalfn
+);
+create aggregate my_sum(int4)
+(
+   stype = avg_state,
+   sfunc = avg_transfn,
+   finalfunc = sum_finalfn
+);
+-- aggregate state should be shared as aggs are the same.
+select my_avg(one),my_avg(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 1
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
+ my_avg | my_avg 
+--------+--------
+      2 |      2
+(1 row)
+
+-- aggregate state should be shared as transfn is the same for both aggs.
+select my_avg(one),my_sum(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 1
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
+ my_avg | my_sum 
+--------+--------
+      2 |      4
+(1 row)
+
+-- same as previous one, but with DISTINCT, which requires sorting the input.
+select my_avg(distinct one),my_sum(distinct one) from (values(1),(3),(1)) t(one);
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 1
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
+ my_avg | my_sum 
+--------+--------
+      2 |      4
+(1 row)
+
+-- shouldn't share states due to the distinctness not matching.
+select my_avg(distinct one),my_sum(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 1
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 1
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
+ my_avg | my_sum 
+--------+--------
+      2 |      4
+(1 row)
+
+-- shouldn't share states due to the filter clause not matching.
+select my_avg(one) filter (where one > 1),my_sum(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 1
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
+ my_avg | my_sum 
+--------+--------
+      3 |      4
+(1 row)
+
+-- this should not share the state due to different input columns.
+select my_avg(one),my_sum(two) from (values(1,2),(3,4)) t(one,two);
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 1
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 2
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 4
+ my_avg | my_sum 
+--------+--------
+      2 |      6
+(1 row)
+
+-- exercise cases where OSAs share state
+select
+  percentile_cont(0.5) within group (order by a),
+  percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by a)
+from (values(1::float8),(3),(5),(7)) t(a);
+ percentile_cont | percentile_disc 
+-----------------+-----------------
+               4 |               3
+(1 row)
+
+select
+  percentile_cont(0.25) within group (order by a),
+  percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by a)
+from (values(1::float8),(3),(5),(7)) t(a);
+ percentile_cont | percentile_disc 
+-----------------+-----------------
+             2.5 |               3
+(1 row)
+
+-- these can't share state currently
+select
+  rank(4) within group (order by a),
+  dense_rank(4) within group (order by a)
+from (values(1),(3),(5),(7)) t(a);
+ rank | dense_rank 
+------+------------
+    3 |          3
+(1 row)
+
+-- test that aggs with the same sfunc and initcond share the same agg state
+create aggregate my_sum_init(int4)
+(
+   stype = avg_state,
+   sfunc = avg_transfn,
+   finalfunc = sum_finalfn,
+   initcond = '(10,0)'
+);
+create aggregate my_avg_init(int4)
+(
+   stype = avg_state,
+   sfunc = avg_transfn,
+   finalfunc = avg_finalfn,
+   initcond = '(10,0)'
+);
+create aggregate my_avg_init2(int4)
+(
+   stype = avg_state,
+   sfunc = avg_transfn,
+   finalfunc = avg_finalfn,
+   initcond = '(4,0)'
+);
+-- state should be shared if INITCONDs are matching
+select my_sum_init(one),my_avg_init(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 1
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
+ my_sum_init | my_avg_init 
+-------------+-------------
+          14 |           7
+(1 row)
+
+-- Varying INITCONDs should cause the states not to be shared.
+select my_sum_init(one),my_avg_init2(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 1
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 1
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
+NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
+ my_sum_init | my_avg_init2 
+-------------+--------------
+          14 |            4
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+-- test aggregate state sharing to ensure it works if one aggregate has a
+-- finalfn and the other one has none.
+begin work;
+create or replace function sum_transfn(state int4, n int4) returns int4 as
+$$
+declare new_state int4;
+begin
+	raise notice 'sum_transfn called with %', n;
+	if state is null then
+		if n is not null then
+			new_state := n;
+			return new_state;
+		end if;
+		return null;
+	elsif n is not null then
+		state := state + n;
+		return state;
+	end if;
+
+	return null;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create function halfsum_finalfn(state int4) returns int4 as
+$$
+begin
+	if state is null then
+		return NULL;
+	else
+		return state / 2;
+	end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create aggregate my_sum(int4)
+(
+   stype = int4,
+   sfunc = sum_transfn
+);
+create aggregate my_half_sum(int4)
+(
+   stype = int4,
+   sfunc = sum_transfn,
+   finalfunc = halfsum_finalfn
+);
+-- Agg state should be shared even though my_sum has no finalfn
+select my_sum(one),my_half_sum(one) from (values(1),(2),(3),(4)) t(one);
+NOTICE:  sum_transfn called with 1
+NOTICE:  sum_transfn called with 2
+NOTICE:  sum_transfn called with 3
+NOTICE:  sum_transfn called with 4
+ my_sum | my_half_sum 
+--------+-------------
+     10 |           5
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+-- test that the aggregate transition logic correctly handles
+-- transition / combine functions returning NULL
+-- First test the case of a normal transition function returning NULL
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION balkifnull(int8, int4)
+RETURNS int8
+STRICT
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+    IF $1 IS NULL THEN
+       RAISE 'erroneously called with NULL argument';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+END$$;
+CREATE AGGREGATE balk(int4)
+(
+    SFUNC = balkifnull(int8, int4),
+    STYPE = int8,
+    PARALLEL = SAFE,
+    INITCOND = '0'
+);
+SELECT balk(hundred) FROM tenk1;
+ balk 
+------
+     
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Secondly test the case of a parallel aggregate combiner function
+-- returning NULL. For that use normal transition function, but a
+-- combiner function returning NULL.
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION balkifnull(int8, int8)
+RETURNS int8
+PARALLEL SAFE
+STRICT
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+    IF $1 IS NULL THEN
+       RAISE 'erroneously called with NULL argument';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+END$$;
+CREATE AGGREGATE balk(int4)
+(
+    SFUNC = int4_sum(int8, int4),
+    STYPE = int8,
+    COMBINEFUNC = balkifnull(int8, int8),
+    PARALLEL = SAFE,
+    INITCOND = '0'
+);
+-- force use of parallelism
+ALTER TABLE tenk1 set (parallel_workers = 4);
+SET LOCAL parallel_setup_cost=0;
+SET LOCAL max_parallel_workers_per_gather=4;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT balk(hundred) FROM tenk1;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_hundred on tenk1
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT balk(hundred) FROM tenk1;
+ balk 
+------
+     
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- test coverage for aggregate combine/serial/deserial functions
+BEGIN;
+SET parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+SET parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+SET min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 4;
+SET parallel_leader_participation = off;
+SET enable_indexonlyscan = off;
+-- variance(int4) covers numeric_poly_combine
+-- sum(int8) covers int8_avg_combine
+-- regr_count(float8, float8) covers int8inc_float8_float8 and aggregates with > 1 arg
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE)
+SELECT variance(unique1::int4), sum(unique1::int8), regr_count(unique1::float8, unique1::float8)
+FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1) u;
+                                                                                      QUERY PLAN                                                                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   Output: variance(tenk1.unique1), sum((tenk1.unique1)::bigint), regr_count((tenk1.unique1)::double precision, (tenk1.unique1)::double precision)
+   ->  Gather
+         Output: (PARTIAL variance(tenk1.unique1)), (PARTIAL sum((tenk1.unique1)::bigint)), (PARTIAL regr_count((tenk1.unique1)::double precision, (tenk1.unique1)::double precision))
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               Output: PARTIAL variance(tenk1.unique1), PARTIAL sum((tenk1.unique1)::bigint), PARTIAL regr_count((tenk1.unique1)::double precision, (tenk1.unique1)::double precision)
+               ->  Parallel Append
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1
+                           Output: tenk1.unique1
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1 tenk1_1
+                           Output: tenk1_1.unique1
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1 tenk1_2
+                           Output: tenk1_2.unique1
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1 tenk1_3
+                           Output: tenk1_3.unique1
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT variance(unique1::int4), sum(unique1::int8), regr_count(unique1::float8, unique1::float8)
+FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1) u;
+       variance       |    sum    | regr_count 
+----------------------+-----------+------------
+ 8333541.588539713493 | 199980000 |      40000
+(1 row)
+
+-- variance(int8) covers numeric_combine
+-- avg(numeric) covers numeric_avg_combine
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE)
+SELECT variance(unique1::int8), avg(unique1::numeric)
+FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1) u;
+                                               QUERY PLAN                                               
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   Output: variance((tenk1.unique1)::bigint), avg((tenk1.unique1)::numeric)
+   ->  Gather
+         Output: (PARTIAL variance((tenk1.unique1)::bigint)), (PARTIAL avg((tenk1.unique1)::numeric))
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               Output: PARTIAL variance((tenk1.unique1)::bigint), PARTIAL avg((tenk1.unique1)::numeric)
+               ->  Parallel Append
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1
+                           Output: tenk1.unique1
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1 tenk1_1
+                           Output: tenk1_1.unique1
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1 tenk1_2
+                           Output: tenk1_2.unique1
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1 tenk1_3
+                           Output: tenk1_3.unique1
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT variance(unique1::int8), avg(unique1::numeric)
+FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1) u;
+       variance       |          avg          
+----------------------+-----------------------
+ 8333541.588539713493 | 4999.5000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- test coverage for dense_rank
+SELECT dense_rank(x) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY x) FROM (VALUES (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3)) v(x) GROUP BY (x) ORDER BY 1;
+ dense_rank 
+------------
+          1
+          1
+          1
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Ensure that the STRICT checks for aggregates does not take NULLness
+-- of ORDER BY columns into account. See bug report around
+-- 2a505161-2727-2473-7c46-591ed108ac52@email.cz
+SELECT min(x ORDER BY y) FROM (VALUES(1, NULL)) AS d(x,y);
+ min 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT min(x ORDER BY y) FROM (VALUES(1, 2)) AS d(x,y);
+ min 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+-- check collation-sensitive matching between grouping expressions
+select v||'a', case v||'a' when 'aa' then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
+  from unnest(array['a','b']) u(v)
+ group by v||'a' order by 1;
+ ?column? | case | count 
+----------+------+-------
+ aa       |    1 |     1
+ ba       |    0 |     1
+(2 rows)
+
+select v||'a', case when v||'a' = 'aa' then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
+  from unnest(array['a','b']) u(v)
+ group by v||'a' order by 1;
+ ?column? | case | count 
+----------+------+-------
+ aa       |    1 |     1
+ ba       |    0 |     1
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Make sure that generation of HashAggregate for uniqification purposes
+-- does not lead to array overflow due to unexpected duplicate hash keys
+-- see CAFeeJoKKu0u+A_A9R9316djW-YW3-+Gtgvy3ju655qRHR3jtdA@mail.gmail.com
+set enable_memoize to off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select 1 from tenk1
+   where (hundred, thousand) in (select twothousand, twothousand from onek);
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (tenk1.hundred = onek.twothousand)
+   ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+         Filter: (hundred = thousand)
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: onek.twothousand, onek.twothousand
+               ->  Seq Scan on onek
+(8 rows)
+
+reset enable_memoize;
+--
+-- Hash Aggregation Spill tests
+--
+set enable_sort=false;
+set work_mem='64kB';
+select unique1, count(*), sum(twothousand) from tenk1
+group by unique1
+having sum(fivethous) > 4975
+order by sum(twothousand);
+ unique1 | count | sum  
+---------+-------+------
+    4976 |     1 |  976
+    4977 |     1 |  977
+    4978 |     1 |  978
+    4979 |     1 |  979
+    4980 |     1 |  980
+    4981 |     1 |  981
+    4982 |     1 |  982
+    4983 |     1 |  983
+    4984 |     1 |  984
+    4985 |     1 |  985
+    4986 |     1 |  986
+    4987 |     1 |  987
+    4988 |     1 |  988
+    4989 |     1 |  989
+    4990 |     1 |  990
+    4991 |     1 |  991
+    4992 |     1 |  992
+    4993 |     1 |  993
+    4994 |     1 |  994
+    4995 |     1 |  995
+    4996 |     1 |  996
+    4997 |     1 |  997
+    4998 |     1 |  998
+    4999 |     1 |  999
+    9976 |     1 | 1976
+    9977 |     1 | 1977
+    9978 |     1 | 1978
+    9979 |     1 | 1979
+    9980 |     1 | 1980
+    9981 |     1 | 1981
+    9982 |     1 | 1982
+    9983 |     1 | 1983
+    9984 |     1 | 1984
+    9985 |     1 | 1985
+    9986 |     1 | 1986
+    9987 |     1 | 1987
+    9988 |     1 | 1988
+    9989 |     1 | 1989
+    9990 |     1 | 1990
+    9991 |     1 | 1991
+    9992 |     1 | 1992
+    9993 |     1 | 1993
+    9994 |     1 | 1994
+    9995 |     1 | 1995
+    9996 |     1 | 1996
+    9997 |     1 | 1997
+    9998 |     1 | 1998
+    9999 |     1 | 1999
+(48 rows)
+
+set work_mem to default;
+set enable_sort to default;
+--
+-- Compare results between plans using sorting and plans using hash
+-- aggregation. Force spilling in both cases by setting work_mem low.
+--
+set work_mem='64kB';
+create table agg_data_2k as
+select g from generate_series(0, 1999) g;
+analyze agg_data_2k;
+create table agg_data_20k as
+select g from generate_series(0, 19999) g;
+analyze agg_data_20k;
+-- Produce results with sorting.
+set enable_hashagg = false;
+set jit_above_cost = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+select g%10000 as c1, sum(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_20k group by g%10000;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: ((g % 10000))
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: ((g % 10000))
+         ->  Seq Scan on agg_data_20k
+(5 rows)
+
+create table agg_group_1 as
+select g%10000 as c1, sum(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_20k group by g%10000;
+create table agg_group_2 as
+select * from
+  (values (100), (300), (500)) as r(a),
+  lateral (
+    select (g/2)::numeric as c1,
+           array_agg(g::numeric) as c2,
+	   count(*) as c3
+    from agg_data_2k
+    where g < r.a
+    group by g/2) as s;
+set jit_above_cost to default;
+create table agg_group_3 as
+select (g/2)::numeric as c1, sum(7::int4) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_2k group by g/2;
+create table agg_group_4 as
+select (g/2)::numeric as c1, array_agg(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_2k group by g/2;
+-- Produce results with hash aggregation
+set enable_hashagg = true;
+set enable_sort = false;
+set jit_above_cost = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+select g%10000 as c1, sum(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_20k group by g%10000;
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: (g % 10000)
+   ->  Seq Scan on agg_data_20k
+(3 rows)
+
+create table agg_hash_1 as
+select g%10000 as c1, sum(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_20k group by g%10000;
+create table agg_hash_2 as
+select * from
+  (values (100), (300), (500)) as r(a),
+  lateral (
+    select (g/2)::numeric as c1,
+           array_agg(g::numeric) as c2,
+	   count(*) as c3
+    from agg_data_2k
+    where g < r.a
+    group by g/2) as s;
+set jit_above_cost to default;
+create table agg_hash_3 as
+select (g/2)::numeric as c1, sum(7::int4) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_2k group by g/2;
+create table agg_hash_4 as
+select (g/2)::numeric as c1, array_agg(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_2k group by g/2;
+set enable_sort = true;
+set work_mem to default;
+-- Compare group aggregation results to hash aggregation results
+(select * from agg_hash_1 except select * from agg_group_1)
+  union all
+(select * from agg_group_1 except select * from agg_hash_1);
+ c1 | c2 | c3 
+----+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+(select * from agg_hash_2 except select * from agg_group_2)
+  union all
+(select * from agg_group_2 except select * from agg_hash_2);
+ a | c1 | c2 | c3 
+---+----+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+(select * from agg_hash_3 except select * from agg_group_3)
+  union all
+(select * from agg_group_3 except select * from agg_hash_3);
+ c1 | c2 | c3 
+----+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+(select * from agg_hash_4 except select * from agg_group_4)
+  union all
+(select * from agg_group_4 except select * from agg_hash_4);
+ c1 | c2 | c3 
+----+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+drop table agg_group_1;
+drop table agg_group_2;
+drop table agg_group_3;
+drop table agg_group_4;
+drop table agg_hash_1;
+drop table agg_hash_2;
+drop table agg_hash_3;
+drop table agg_hash_4;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/alter_generic.out b/src/test/regress/expected/alter_generic.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54d3fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/alter_generic.out
@@ -0,0 +1,755 @@
+--
+-- Test for ALTER some_object {RENAME TO, OWNER TO, SET SCHEMA}
+--
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+CREATE FUNCTION test_opclass_options_func(internal)
+    RETURNS void
+    AS :'regresslib', 'test_opclass_options_func'
+    LANGUAGE C;
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_alter_generic_user1;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_alter_generic_user2;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_alter_generic_user3;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE USER regress_alter_generic_user3;
+CREATE USER regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE USER regress_alter_generic_user1 IN ROLE regress_alter_generic_user3;
+CREATE SCHEMA alt_nsp1;
+CREATE SCHEMA alt_nsp2;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA alt_nsp1, alt_nsp2 TO public;
+SET search_path = alt_nsp1, public;
+--
+-- Function and Aggregate
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS 'SELECT $1 + 1';
+CREATE FUNCTION alt_func2(int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS 'SELECT $1 - 1';
+CREATE AGGREGATE alt_agg1 (
+  sfunc1 = int4pl, basetype = int4, stype1 = int4, initcond = 0
+);
+CREATE AGGREGATE alt_agg2 (
+  sfunc1 = int4mi, basetype = int4, stype1 = int4, initcond = 0
+);
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(int) RENAME TO alt_func3;  -- failed (not aggregate)
+ERROR:  function alt_func1(integer) is not an aggregate
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (not aggregate)
+ERROR:  function alt_func1(integer) is not an aggregate
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not aggregate)
+ERROR:  function alt_func1(integer) is not an aggregate
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RENAME TO alt_func2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  function alt_func2(integer) already exists in schema "alt_nsp1"
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RENAME TO alt_func3;  -- OK
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user2"
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp1;  -- OK, already there
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg1(int) RENAME TO alt_agg2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  function alt_agg2(integer) already exists in schema "alt_nsp1"
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg1(int) RENAME TO alt_agg3;   -- OK
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user2"
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS 'SELECT $1 + 2';
+CREATE FUNCTION alt_func2(int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS 'SELECT $1 - 2';
+CREATE AGGREGATE alt_agg1 (
+  sfunc1 = int4pl, basetype = int4, stype1 = int4, initcond = 100
+);
+CREATE AGGREGATE alt_agg2 (
+  sfunc1 = int4mi, basetype = int4, stype1 = int4, initcond = -100
+);
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func3(int) RENAME TO alt_func4;	-- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of function alt_func3
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RENAME TO alt_func4;	-- OK
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func3(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;	-- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of function alt_func3
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;	-- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user3"
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func3(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;      -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of function alt_func3
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;	-- failed (name conflicts)
+ERROR:  function alt_func2(integer) already exists in schema "alt_nsp2"
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg3(int) RENAME TO alt_agg4;   -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of function alt_agg3
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg1(int) RENAME TO alt_agg4;   -- OK
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg3(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of function alt_agg3
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user3"
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg3(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of function alt_agg3
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  function alt_agg2(integer) already exists in schema "alt_nsp2"
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT n.nspname, proname, prorettype::regtype, prokind, a.rolname
+  FROM pg_proc p, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE p.pronamespace = n.oid AND p.proowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname IN ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, proname;
+ nspname  |  proname  | prorettype | prokind |           rolname           
+----------+-----------+------------+---------+-----------------------------
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_agg2  | integer    | a       | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_agg3  | integer    | a       | regress_alter_generic_user1
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_agg4  | integer    | a       | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_func2 | integer    | f       | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_func3 | integer    | f       | regress_alter_generic_user1
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_func4 | integer    | f       | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp2 | alt_agg2  | integer    | a       | regress_alter_generic_user3
+ alt_nsp2 | alt_func2 | integer    | f       | regress_alter_generic_user3
+(8 rows)
+
+--
+-- We would test collations here, but it's not possible because the error
+-- messages tend to be nonportable.
+--
+--
+-- Conversion
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE CONVERSION alt_conv1 FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+CREATE CONVERSION alt_conv2 FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv1 RENAME TO alt_conv2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  conversion "alt_conv2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp1"
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv1 RENAME TO alt_conv3;  -- OK
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user2"
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE CONVERSION alt_conv1 FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+CREATE CONVERSION alt_conv2 FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv3 RENAME TO alt_conv4;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of conversion alt_conv3
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv1 RENAME TO alt_conv4;  -- OK
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of conversion alt_conv3
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user3"
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv3 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of conversion alt_conv3
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  conversion "alt_conv2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp2"
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT n.nspname, c.conname, a.rolname
+  FROM pg_conversion c, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE c.connamespace = n.oid AND c.conowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname IN ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, conname;
+ nspname  |  conname  |           rolname           
+----------+-----------+-----------------------------
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_conv2 | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_conv3 | regress_alter_generic_user1
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_conv4 | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp2 | alt_conv2 | regress_alter_generic_user3
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Foreign Data Wrapper and Foreign Server
+--
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw1;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw2;
+CREATE SERVER alt_fserv1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw1;
+CREATE SERVER alt_fserv2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw2;
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw1 RENAME TO alt_fdw2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "alt_fdw2" already exists
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw1 RENAME TO alt_fdw3;  -- OK
+ALTER SERVER alt_fserv1 RENAME TO alt_fserv2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  server "alt_fserv2" already exists
+ALTER SERVER alt_fserv1 RENAME TO alt_fserv3;   -- OK
+SELECT fdwname FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper WHERE fdwname like 'alt_fdw%';
+ fdwname  
+----------
+ alt_fdw2
+ alt_fdw3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT srvname FROM pg_foreign_server WHERE srvname like 'alt_fserv%';
+  srvname   
+------------
+ alt_fserv2
+ alt_fserv3
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Procedural Language
+--
+CREATE LANGUAGE alt_lang1 HANDLER plpgsql_call_handler;
+CREATE LANGUAGE alt_lang2 HANDLER plpgsql_call_handler;
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang1 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user1;  -- OK
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- OK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang1 RENAME TO alt_lang2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  language "alt_lang2" already exists
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang2 RENAME TO alt_lang3;   -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of language alt_lang2
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang1 RENAME TO alt_lang3;   -- OK
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of language alt_lang2
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user2"
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT lanname, a.rolname
+  FROM pg_language l, pg_authid a
+  WHERE l.lanowner = a.oid AND l.lanname like 'alt_lang%'
+  ORDER BY lanname;
+  lanname  |           rolname           
+-----------+-----------------------------
+ alt_lang2 | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_lang3 | regress_alter_generic_user3
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Operator
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE OPERATOR @-@ ( leftarg = int4, rightarg = int4, procedure = int4mi );
+CREATE OPERATOR @+@ ( leftarg = int4, rightarg = int4, procedure = int4pl );
+ALTER OPERATOR @+@(int4, int4) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user2"
+ALTER OPERATOR @+@(int4, int4) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR @-@(int4, int4) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;           -- OK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE OPERATOR @-@ ( leftarg = int4, rightarg = int4, procedure = int4mi );
+ALTER OPERATOR @+@(int4, int4) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of operator @+@
+ALTER OPERATOR @-@(int4, int4) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user3"
+ALTER OPERATOR @+@(int4, int4) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;   -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of operator @+@
+-- can't test this: the error message includes the raw oid of namespace
+-- ALTER OPERATOR @-@(int4, int4) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT n.nspname, oprname, a.rolname,
+    oprleft::regtype, oprright::regtype, oprcode::regproc
+  FROM pg_operator o, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE o.oprnamespace = n.oid AND o.oprowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname IN ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, oprname;
+ nspname  | oprname |           rolname           | oprleft | oprright | oprcode 
+----------+---------+-----------------------------+---------+----------+---------
+ alt_nsp1 | @+@     | regress_alter_generic_user3 | integer | integer  | int4pl
+ alt_nsp1 | @-@     | regress_alter_generic_user2 | integer | integer  | int4mi
+ alt_nsp2 | @-@     | regress_alter_generic_user1 | integer | integer  | int4mi
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- OpFamily and OpClass
+--
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user1;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 FOR TYPE uuid USING hash AS STORAGE uuid;
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 FOR TYPE uuid USING hash AS STORAGE uuid;
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user1;
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opf2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  operator family "alt_opf2" for access method "hash" already exists in schema "alt_nsp1"
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opf3;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user2"
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opc2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  operator class "alt_opc2" for access method "hash" already exists in schema "alt_nsp1"
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opc3;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user2"
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 FOR TYPE macaddr USING hash AS STORAGE macaddr;
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 FOR TYPE macaddr USING hash AS STORAGE macaddr;
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf3 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opf4;	-- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of operator family alt_opf3
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opf4;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf3 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of operator family alt_opf3
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user3"
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf3 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of operator family alt_opf3
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  operator family "alt_opf2" for access method "hash" already exists in schema "alt_nsp2"
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc3 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opc4;	-- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of operator class alt_opc3
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opc4;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc3 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of operator class alt_opc3
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user3"
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc3 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of operator class alt_opc3
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  operator class "alt_opc2" for access method "hash" already exists in schema "alt_nsp2"
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT nspname, opfname, amname, rolname
+  FROM pg_opfamily o, pg_am m, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE o.opfmethod = m.oid AND o.opfnamespace = n.oid AND o.opfowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname IN ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+	AND NOT opfname LIKE 'alt_opc%'
+  ORDER BY nspname, opfname;
+ nspname  | opfname  | amname |           rolname           
+----------+----------+--------+-----------------------------
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_opf2 | hash   | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_opf3 | hash   | regress_alter_generic_user1
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_opf4 | hash   | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp2 | alt_opf2 | hash   | regress_alter_generic_user3
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT nspname, opcname, amname, rolname
+  FROM pg_opclass o, pg_am m, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE o.opcmethod = m.oid AND o.opcnamespace = n.oid AND o.opcowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname IN ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, opcname;
+ nspname  | opcname  | amname |           rolname           
+----------+----------+--------+-----------------------------
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_opc2 | hash   | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_opc3 | hash   | regress_alter_generic_user1
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_opc4 | hash   | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp2 | alt_opc2 | hash   | regress_alter_generic_user3
+(4 rows)
+
+-- ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD/DROP
+-- Should work. Textbook case of CREATE / ALTER ADD / ALTER DROP / DROP
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD
+  -- int4 vs int2
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 <= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 >= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree DROP
+  -- int4 vs int2
+  OPERATOR 1 (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 (int4, int2) ;
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. Invalid values for ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY .. ADD / DROP
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING invalid_index_method ADD  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2); -- invalid indexing_method
+ERROR:  access method "invalid_index_method" does not exist
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 6 < (int4, int2); -- operator number should be between 1 and 5
+ERROR:  invalid operator number 6, must be between 1 and 5
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 0 < (int4, int2); -- operator number should be between 1 and 5
+ERROR:  invalid operator number 0, must be between 1 and 5
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < ; -- operator without argument types
+ERROR:  operator argument types must be specified in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 0 btint42cmp(int4, int2); -- invalid options parsing function
+ERROR:  invalid function number 0, must be between 1 and 5
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 6 btint42cmp(int4, int2); -- function number should be between 1 and 5
+ERROR:  invalid function number 6, must be between 1 and 5
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD STORAGE invalid_storage; -- Ensure STORAGE is not a part of ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY
+ERROR:  STORAGE cannot be specified in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree;
+-- Should fail. Need to be SUPERUSER to do ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY .. ADD / DROP
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_alter_generic_user5 NOSUPERUSER;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf5 USING btree;
+SET ROLE regress_alter_generic_user5;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf5 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2), FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+ERROR:  must be superuser to alter an operator family
+RESET ROLE;
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf5 USING btree;
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. Need rights to namespace for ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY .. ADD / DROP
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_alter_generic_user6;
+CREATE SCHEMA alt_nsp6;
+REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA alt_nsp6 FROM regress_alter_generic_user6;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_nsp6.alt_opf6 USING btree;
+SET ROLE regress_alter_generic_user6;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_nsp6.alt_opf6 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2);
+ERROR:  permission denied for schema alt_nsp6
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. Only two arguments required for ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... DROP OPERATOR
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf7 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf7 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2);
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf7 USING btree DROP OPERATOR 1 (int4, int2, int8);
+ERROR:  one or two argument types must be specified
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf7 USING btree;
+-- Should work. During ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... DROP OPERATOR
+-- when left type is the same as right type, a DROP with only one argument type should work
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf8 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf8 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf8 USING btree;
+-- Should work. Textbook case of ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD OPERATOR with FOR ORDER BY
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf9 USING gist;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf9 USING gist ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4) FOR ORDER BY float_ops;
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf9 USING gist;
+-- Should fail. Ensure correct ordering methods in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD OPERATOR .. FOR ORDER BY
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf10 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf10 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4) FOR ORDER BY float_ops;
+ERROR:  access method "btree" does not support ordering operators
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf10 USING btree;
+-- Should work. Textbook case of ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD OPERATOR with FOR ORDER BY
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf11 USING gist;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf11 USING gist ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4) FOR ORDER BY float_ops;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf11 USING gist DROP OPERATOR 1 (int4, int4);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf11 USING gist;
+-- Should fail. btree comparison functions should return INTEGER in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf12 USING btree;
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_opf12  (int4, int2) RETURNS BIGINT AS 'SELECT NULL::BIGINT;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf12 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 fn_opf12(int4, int2);
+ERROR:  btree comparison functions must return integer
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf12 USING btree;
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. hash comparison functions should return INTEGER in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf13 USING hash;
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_opf13  (int4) RETURNS BIGINT AS 'SELECT NULL::BIGINT;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf13 USING hash ADD FUNCTION 1 fn_opf13(int4);
+ERROR:  hash function 1 must return integer
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf13 USING hash;
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. btree comparison functions should have two arguments in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf14 USING btree;
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_opf14 (int4) RETURNS BIGINT AS 'SELECT NULL::BIGINT;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf14 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 fn_opf14(int4);
+ERROR:  btree comparison functions must have two arguments
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf14 USING btree;
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. hash comparison functions should have one argument in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf15 USING hash;
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_opf15 (int4, int2) RETURNS BIGINT AS 'SELECT NULL::BIGINT;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf15 USING hash ADD FUNCTION 1 fn_opf15(int4, int2);
+ERROR:  hash function 1 must have one argument
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf15 USING hash;
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. In gist throw an error when giving different data types for function argument
+-- without defining left / right type in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf16 USING gist;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf16 USING gist ADD FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+ERROR:  associated data types must be specified for index support function
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf16 USING gist;
+-- Should fail. duplicate operator number / function number in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4), OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4); -- operator # appears twice in same statement
+ERROR:  operator number 1 for (integer,integer) appears more than once
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4); -- operator 1 requested first-time
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4); -- operator 1 requested again in separate statement
+ERROR:  operator 1(integer,integer) already exists in operator family "alt_opf17"
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 <= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 >= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);    -- procedure 1 appears twice in same statement
+ERROR:  function number 1 for (integer,smallint) appears more than once
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 <= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 >= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);    -- procedure 1 appears first time
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 <= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 >= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);    -- procedure 1 requested again in separate statement
+ERROR:  operator 1(integer,smallint) already exists in operator family "alt_opf17"
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree;
+-- Should fail. Ensure that DROP requests for missing OPERATOR / FUNCTIONS
+-- return appropriate message in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... DROP OPERATOR / FUNCTION
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree DROP OPERATOR 1 (int4, int4);
+ERROR:  operator 1(integer,integer) does not exist in operator family "alt_opf18"
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree ADD
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 <= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 >= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+-- Should fail. Not allowed to have cross-type equalimage function.
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree
+  ADD FUNCTION 4 (int4, int2) btequalimage(oid);
+ERROR:  btree equal image functions must not be cross-type
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree DROP FUNCTION 2 (int4, int4);
+ERROR:  function 2(integer,integer) does not exist in operator family "alt_opf18"
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree;
+-- Should fail. Invalid opclass options function (#5) specifications.
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 5 test_opclass_options_func(internal, text[], bool);
+ERROR:  function test_opclass_options_func(internal, text[], boolean) does not exist
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 5 (int4) btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+ERROR:  invalid operator class options parsing function
+HINT:  Valid signature of operator class options parsing function is (internal) RETURNS void.
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 5 (int4, int2) btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+ERROR:  left and right associated data types for operator class options parsing functions must match
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 5 (int4) test_opclass_options_func(internal); -- Ok
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree DROP FUNCTION 5 (int4, int4);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree;
+--
+-- Statistics
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE TABLE alt_regress_1 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER);
+CREATE STATISTICS alt_stat1 ON a, b FROM alt_regress_1;
+CREATE STATISTICS alt_stat2 ON a, b FROM alt_regress_1;
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat1 RENAME TO alt_stat2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  statistics object "alt_stat2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp1"
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat1 RENAME TO alt_stat3;   -- OK
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user2"
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;    -- OK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE TABLE alt_regress_2 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER);
+CREATE STATISTICS alt_stat1 ON a, b FROM alt_regress_2;
+CREATE STATISTICS alt_stat2 ON a, b FROM alt_regress_2;
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat3 RENAME TO alt_stat4;    -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of statistics object alt_stat3
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat1 RENAME TO alt_stat4;    -- OK
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2; -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of statistics object alt_stat3
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3; -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user3"
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat3 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;		-- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of statistics object alt_stat3
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;		-- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  statistics object "alt_stat2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp2"
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT nspname, stxname, rolname
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+ WHERE s.stxnamespace = n.oid AND s.stxowner = a.oid
+   AND n.nspname in ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+ ORDER BY nspname, stxname;
+ nspname  |  stxname  |           rolname           
+----------+-----------+-----------------------------
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_stat2 | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_stat3 | regress_alter_generic_user1
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_stat4 | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp2 | alt_stat2 | regress_alter_generic_user3
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Text Search Dictionary
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict1 (template=simple);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 (template=simple);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict1 RENAME TO alt_ts_dict2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  text search dictionary "alt_ts_dict2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp1"
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict1 RENAME TO alt_ts_dict3;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user2"
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict1 (template=simple);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 (template=simple);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict3 RENAME TO alt_ts_dict4;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of text search dictionary alt_ts_dict3
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict1 RENAME TO alt_ts_dict4;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of text search dictionary alt_ts_dict3
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user3"
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict3 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of text search dictionary alt_ts_dict3
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  text search dictionary "alt_ts_dict2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp2"
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT nspname, dictname, rolname
+  FROM pg_ts_dict t, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE t.dictnamespace = n.oid AND t.dictowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname in ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, dictname;
+ nspname  |   dictname   |           rolname           
+----------+--------------+-----------------------------
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_ts_dict2 | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_ts_dict3 | regress_alter_generic_user1
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_ts_dict4 | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp2 | alt_ts_dict2 | regress_alter_generic_user3
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Text Search Configuration
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf1 (copy=english);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 (copy=english);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf1 RENAME TO alt_ts_conf2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  text search configuration "alt_ts_conf2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp1"
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf1 RENAME TO alt_ts_conf3;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user2"
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf1 (copy=english);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 (copy=english);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf3 RENAME TO alt_ts_conf4;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of text search configuration alt_ts_conf3
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf1 RENAME TO alt_ts_conf4;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of text search configuration alt_ts_conf3
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_alter_generic_user3"
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf3 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ERROR:  must be owner of text search configuration alt_ts_conf3
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  text search configuration "alt_ts_conf2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp2"
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT nspname, cfgname, rolname
+  FROM pg_ts_config t, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE t.cfgnamespace = n.oid AND t.cfgowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname in ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, cfgname;
+ nspname  |   cfgname    |           rolname           
+----------+--------------+-----------------------------
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_ts_conf2 | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_ts_conf3 | regress_alter_generic_user1
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_ts_conf4 | regress_alter_generic_user2
+ alt_nsp2 | alt_ts_conf2 | regress_alter_generic_user3
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Text Search Template
+--
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp1 (lexize=dsimple_lexize);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp2 (lexize=dsimple_lexize);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp1 RENAME TO alt_ts_temp2; -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  text search template "alt_ts_temp2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp1"
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp1 RENAME TO alt_ts_temp3; -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;    -- OK
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp2 (lexize=dsimple_lexize);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;    -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  text search template "alt_ts_temp2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp2"
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE tstemp_case ("Init" = init_function);
+ERROR:  text search template parameter "Init" not recognized
+SELECT nspname, tmplname
+  FROM pg_ts_template t, pg_namespace n
+  WHERE t.tmplnamespace = n.oid AND nspname like 'alt_nsp%'
+  ORDER BY nspname, tmplname;
+ nspname  |   tmplname   
+----------+--------------
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_ts_temp2
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_ts_temp3
+ alt_nsp2 | alt_ts_temp2
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- Text Search Parser
+--
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs1
+    (start = prsd_start, gettoken = prsd_nexttoken, end = prsd_end, lextypes = prsd_lextype);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs2
+    (start = prsd_start, gettoken = prsd_nexttoken, end = prsd_end, lextypes = prsd_lextype);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs1 RENAME TO alt_ts_prs2; -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  text search parser "alt_ts_prs2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp1"
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs1 RENAME TO alt_ts_prs3; -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;   -- OK
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs2
+    (start = prsd_start, gettoken = prsd_nexttoken, end = prsd_end, lextypes = prsd_lextype);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+ERROR:  text search parser "alt_ts_prs2" already exists in schema "alt_nsp2"
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER tspars_case ("Start" = start_function);
+ERROR:  text search parser parameter "Start" not recognized
+SELECT nspname, prsname
+  FROM pg_ts_parser t, pg_namespace n
+  WHERE t.prsnamespace = n.oid AND nspname like 'alt_nsp%'
+  ORDER BY nspname, prsname;
+ nspname  |   prsname   
+----------+-------------
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_ts_prs2
+ alt_nsp1 | alt_ts_prs3
+ alt_nsp2 | alt_ts_prs2
+(3 rows)
+
+---
+--- Cleanup resources
+---
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw2 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to server alt_fserv2
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw3 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to server alt_fserv3
+DROP LANGUAGE alt_lang2 CASCADE;
+DROP LANGUAGE alt_lang3 CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA alt_nsp1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 28 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to function alt_func3(integer)
+drop cascades to function alt_agg3(integer)
+drop cascades to function alt_func4(integer)
+drop cascades to function alt_func2(integer)
+drop cascades to function alt_agg4(integer)
+drop cascades to function alt_agg2(integer)
+drop cascades to conversion alt_conv3
+drop cascades to conversion alt_conv4
+drop cascades to conversion alt_conv2
+drop cascades to operator @+@(integer,integer)
+drop cascades to operator @-@(integer,integer)
+drop cascades to operator family alt_opf3 for access method hash
+drop cascades to operator family alt_opc1 for access method hash
+drop cascades to operator family alt_opc2 for access method hash
+drop cascades to operator family alt_opf4 for access method hash
+drop cascades to operator family alt_opf2 for access method hash
+drop cascades to table alt_regress_1
+drop cascades to table alt_regress_2
+drop cascades to text search dictionary alt_ts_dict3
+drop cascades to text search dictionary alt_ts_dict4
+drop cascades to text search dictionary alt_ts_dict2
+drop cascades to text search configuration alt_ts_conf3
+drop cascades to text search configuration alt_ts_conf4
+drop cascades to text search configuration alt_ts_conf2
+drop cascades to text search template alt_ts_temp3
+drop cascades to text search template alt_ts_temp2
+drop cascades to text search parser alt_ts_prs3
+drop cascades to text search parser alt_ts_prs2
+DROP SCHEMA alt_nsp2 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 9 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to function alt_nsp2.alt_func2(integer)
+drop cascades to function alt_nsp2.alt_agg2(integer)
+drop cascades to conversion alt_nsp2.alt_conv2
+drop cascades to operator alt_nsp2.@-@(integer,integer)
+drop cascades to operator family alt_nsp2.alt_opf2 for access method hash
+drop cascades to text search dictionary alt_nsp2.alt_ts_dict2
+drop cascades to text search configuration alt_nsp2.alt_ts_conf2
+drop cascades to text search template alt_nsp2.alt_ts_temp2
+drop cascades to text search parser alt_nsp2.alt_ts_prs2
+DROP USER regress_alter_generic_user1;
+DROP USER regress_alter_generic_user2;
+DROP USER regress_alter_generic_user3;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/alter_operator.out b/src/test/regress/expected/alter_operator.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71bd484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/alter_operator.out
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+CREATE FUNCTION alter_op_test_fn(boolean, boolean)
+RETURNS boolean AS $$ SELECT NULL::BOOLEAN; $$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION customcontsel(internal, oid, internal, integer)
+RETURNS float8 AS 'contsel' LANGUAGE internal STABLE STRICT;
+CREATE OPERATOR === (
+    LEFTARG = boolean,
+    RIGHTARG = boolean,
+    PROCEDURE = alter_op_test_fn,
+    COMMUTATOR = ===,
+    NEGATOR = !==,
+    RESTRICT = customcontsel,
+    JOIN = contjoinsel,
+    HASHES, MERGES
+);
+SELECT pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as ref, deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_operator'::regclass AND
+      objid = '===(bool,bool)'::regoperator
+ORDER BY 1;
+                          ref                          | deptype 
+-------------------------------------------------------+---------
+ function alter_op_test_fn(boolean,boolean)            | n
+ function customcontsel(internal,oid,internal,integer) | n
+ schema public                                         | n
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- Reset and set params
+--
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = NONE);
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (JOIN = NONE);
+SELECT oprrest, oprjoin FROM pg_operator WHERE oprname = '==='
+  AND oprleft = 'boolean'::regtype AND oprright = 'boolean'::regtype;
+ oprrest | oprjoin 
+---------+---------
+ -       | -
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as ref, deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_operator'::regclass AND
+      objid = '===(bool,bool)'::regoperator
+ORDER BY 1;
+                    ref                     | deptype 
+--------------------------------------------+---------
+ function alter_op_test_fn(boolean,boolean) | n
+ schema public                              | n
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = contsel);
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (JOIN = contjoinsel);
+SELECT oprrest, oprjoin FROM pg_operator WHERE oprname = '==='
+  AND oprleft = 'boolean'::regtype AND oprright = 'boolean'::regtype;
+ oprrest |   oprjoin   
+---------+-------------
+ contsel | contjoinsel
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as ref, deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_operator'::regclass AND
+      objid = '===(bool,bool)'::regoperator
+ORDER BY 1;
+                    ref                     | deptype 
+--------------------------------------------+---------
+ function alter_op_test_fn(boolean,boolean) | n
+ schema public                              | n
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = NONE, JOIN = NONE);
+SELECT oprrest, oprjoin FROM pg_operator WHERE oprname = '==='
+  AND oprleft = 'boolean'::regtype AND oprright = 'boolean'::regtype;
+ oprrest | oprjoin 
+---------+---------
+ -       | -
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as ref, deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_operator'::regclass AND
+      objid = '===(bool,bool)'::regoperator
+ORDER BY 1;
+                    ref                     | deptype 
+--------------------------------------------+---------
+ function alter_op_test_fn(boolean,boolean) | n
+ schema public                              | n
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = customcontsel, JOIN = contjoinsel);
+SELECT oprrest, oprjoin FROM pg_operator WHERE oprname = '==='
+  AND oprleft = 'boolean'::regtype AND oprright = 'boolean'::regtype;
+    oprrest    |   oprjoin   
+---------------+-------------
+ customcontsel | contjoinsel
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as ref, deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_operator'::regclass AND
+      objid = '===(bool,bool)'::regoperator
+ORDER BY 1;
+                          ref                          | deptype 
+-------------------------------------------------------+---------
+ function alter_op_test_fn(boolean,boolean)            | n
+ function customcontsel(internal,oid,internal,integer) | n
+ schema public                                         | n
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test invalid options.
+--
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (COMMUTATOR = ====);
+ERROR:  operator attribute "commutator" cannot be changed
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (NEGATOR = ====);
+ERROR:  operator attribute "negator" cannot be changed
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = non_existent_func);
+ERROR:  function non_existent_func(internal, oid, internal, integer) does not exist
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (JOIN = non_existent_func);
+ERROR:  function non_existent_func(internal, oid, internal, smallint, internal) does not exist
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (COMMUTATOR = !==);
+ERROR:  operator attribute "commutator" cannot be changed
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (NEGATOR = !==);
+ERROR:  operator attribute "negator" cannot be changed
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+ALTER OPERATOR & (bit, bit) SET ("Restrict" = _int_contsel, "Join" = _int_contjoinsel);
+ERROR:  operator attribute "Restrict" not recognized
+--
+-- Test permission check. Must be owner to ALTER OPERATOR.
+--
+CREATE USER regress_alter_op_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_op_user;
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = NONE);
+ERROR:  must be owner of operator ===
+-- Clean up
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP USER regress_alter_op_user;
+DROP OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean);
+DROP FUNCTION customcontsel(internal, oid, internal, integer);
+DROP FUNCTION alter_op_test_fn(boolean, boolean);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/alter_table.out b/src/test/regress/expected/alter_table.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36350dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/alter_table.out
@@ -0,0 +1,4657 @@
+--
+-- ALTER_TABLE
+--
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_alter_table_user1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE USER regress_alter_table_user1;
+--
+-- add attribute
+--
+CREATE TABLE attmp (initial int4);
+COMMENT ON TABLE attmp_wrong IS 'table comment';
+ERROR:  relation "attmp_wrong" does not exist
+COMMENT ON TABLE attmp IS 'table comment';
+COMMENT ON TABLE attmp IS NULL;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN xmin integer; -- fails
+ERROR:  column name "xmin" conflicts with a system column name
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN a int4 default 3;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN b name;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN c text;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN d float8;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN e float4;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN f int2;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN g polygon;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN i char;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN k int4;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN l tid;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN m xid;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN n oidvector;
+--ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN o lock;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN p boolean;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN q point;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN r lseg;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN s path;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN t box;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN v timestamp;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN w interval;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN x float8[];
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN y float4[];
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN z int2[];
+INSERT INTO attmp (a, b, c, d, e, f, g,    i,    k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
+	v, w, x, y, z)
+   VALUES (4, 'name', 'text', 4.1, 4.1, 2, '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+	'c',
+	314159, '(1,1)', '512',
+	'1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8', true, '(1.1,1.1)', '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+	'(0,2,4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)', '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+	'epoch', '01:00:10', '{1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0}', '{1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0}', '{1,2,3,4}');
+SELECT * FROM attmp;
+ initial | a |  b   |  c   |  d  |  e  | f |           g           | i |   k    |   l   |  m  |        n        | p |     q     |           r           |              s              |          t          |            v             |        w         |     x     |     y     |     z     
+---------+---+------+------+-----+-----+---+-----------------------+---+--------+-------+-----+-----------------+---+-----------+-----------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------------------------+------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+         | 4 | name | text | 4.1 | 4.1 | 2 | ((4.1,4.1),(3.1,3.1)) | c | 314159 | (1,1) | 512 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | t | (1.1,1.1) | [(4.1,4.1),(3.1,3.1)] | ((0,2),(4.1,4.1),(3.1,3.1)) | (4.1,4.1),(3.1,3.1) | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 | @ 1 hour 10 secs | {1,2,3,4} | {1,2,3,4} | {1,2,3,4}
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE attmp;
+-- the wolf bug - schema mods caused inconsistent row descriptors
+CREATE TABLE attmp (
+	initial 	int4
+);
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN a int4;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN b name;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN c text;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN d float8;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN e float4;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN f int2;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN g polygon;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN i char;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN k int4;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN l tid;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN m xid;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN n oidvector;
+--ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN o lock;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN p boolean;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN q point;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN r lseg;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN s path;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN t box;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN v timestamp;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN w interval;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN x float8[];
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN y float4[];
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN z int2[];
+INSERT INTO attmp (a, b, c, d, e, f, g,    i,   k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
+	v, w, x, y, z)
+   VALUES (4, 'name', 'text', 4.1, 4.1, 2, '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+        'c',
+	314159, '(1,1)', '512',
+	'1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8', true, '(1.1,1.1)', '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+	'(0,2,4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)', '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+	'epoch', '01:00:10', '{1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0}', '{1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0}', '{1,2,3,4}');
+SELECT * FROM attmp;
+ initial | a |  b   |  c   |  d  |  e  | f |           g           | i |   k    |   l   |  m  |        n        | p |     q     |           r           |              s              |          t          |            v             |        w         |     x     |     y     |     z     
+---------+---+------+------+-----+-----+---+-----------------------+---+--------+-------+-----+-----------------+---+-----------+-----------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------------------------+------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+         | 4 | name | text | 4.1 | 4.1 | 2 | ((4.1,4.1),(3.1,3.1)) | c | 314159 | (1,1) | 512 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | t | (1.1,1.1) | [(4.1,4.1),(3.1,3.1)] | ((0,2),(4.1,4.1),(3.1,3.1)) | (4.1,4.1),(3.1,3.1) | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 | @ 1 hour 10 secs | {1,2,3,4} | {1,2,3,4} | {1,2,3,4}
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE INDEX attmp_idx ON attmp (a, (d + e), b);
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 0 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ERROR:  column number must be in range from 1 to 32767
+LINE 1: ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 0 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+                                           ^
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 1 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ERROR:  cannot alter statistics on non-expression column "a" of index "attmp_idx"
+HINT:  Alter statistics on table column instead.
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 2 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+\d+ attmp_idx
+                        Index "public.attmp_idx"
+ Column |       Type       | Key? | Definition | Storage | Stats target 
+--------+------------------+------+------------+---------+--------------
+ a      | integer          | yes  | a          | plain   | 
+ expr   | double precision | yes  | (d + e)    | plain   | 1000
+ b      | cstring          | yes  | b          | plain   | 
+btree, for table "public.attmp"
+
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 3 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ERROR:  cannot alter statistics on non-expression column "b" of index "attmp_idx"
+HINT:  Alter statistics on table column instead.
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 4 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ERROR:  column number 4 of relation "attmp_idx" does not exist
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 2 SET STATISTICS -1;
+DROP TABLE attmp;
+--
+-- rename - check on both non-temp and temp tables
+--
+CREATE TABLE attmp (regtable int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE attmp (attmptable int);
+ALTER TABLE attmp RENAME TO attmp_new;
+SELECT * FROM attmp;
+ regtable 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM attmp_new;
+ attmptable 
+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp RENAME TO attmp_new2;
+SELECT * FROM attmp;		-- should fail
+ERROR:  relation "attmp" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM attmp;
+                      ^
+SELECT * FROM attmp_new;
+ attmptable 
+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM attmp_new2;
+ regtable 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE attmp_new;
+DROP TABLE attmp_new2;
+-- check rename of partitioned tables and indexes also
+CREATE TABLE part_attmp (a int primary key) partition by range (a);
+CREATE TABLE part_attmp1 PARTITION OF part_attmp FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100);
+ALTER INDEX part_attmp_pkey RENAME TO part_attmp_index;
+ALTER INDEX part_attmp1_pkey RENAME TO part_attmp1_index;
+ALTER TABLE part_attmp RENAME TO part_at2tmp;
+ALTER TABLE part_attmp1 RENAME TO part_at2tmp1;
+SET ROLE regress_alter_table_user1;
+ALTER INDEX part_attmp_index RENAME TO fail;
+ERROR:  must be owner of index part_attmp_index
+ALTER INDEX part_attmp1_index RENAME TO fail;
+ERROR:  must be owner of index part_attmp1_index
+ALTER TABLE part_at2tmp RENAME TO fail;
+ERROR:  must be owner of table part_at2tmp
+ALTER TABLE part_at2tmp1 RENAME TO fail;
+ERROR:  must be owner of table part_at2tmp1
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP TABLE part_at2tmp;
+--
+-- check renaming to a table's array type's autogenerated name
+-- (the array type's name should get out of the way)
+--
+CREATE TABLE attmp_array (id int);
+CREATE TABLE attmp_array2 (id int);
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = 'attmp_array[]'::regtype;
+   typname    
+--------------
+ _attmp_array
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = 'attmp_array2[]'::regtype;
+    typname    
+---------------
+ _attmp_array2
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp_array2 RENAME TO _attmp_array;
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = 'attmp_array[]'::regtype;
+    typname    
+---------------
+ __attmp_array
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = '_attmp_array[]'::regtype;
+    typname     
+----------------
+ ___attmp_array
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE _attmp_array;
+DROP TABLE attmp_array;
+-- renaming to table's own array type's name is an interesting corner case
+CREATE TABLE attmp_array (id int);
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = 'attmp_array[]'::regtype;
+   typname    
+--------------
+ _attmp_array
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp_array RENAME TO _attmp_array;
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = '_attmp_array[]'::regtype;
+    typname    
+---------------
+ __attmp_array
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE _attmp_array;
+-- ALTER TABLE ... RENAME on non-table relations
+-- renaming indexes (FIXME: this should probably test the index's functionality)
+ALTER INDEX IF EXISTS __onek_unique1 RENAME TO attmp_onek_unique1;
+NOTICE:  relation "__onek_unique1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER INDEX IF EXISTS __attmp_onek_unique1 RENAME TO onek_unique1;
+NOTICE:  relation "__attmp_onek_unique1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER INDEX onek_unique1 RENAME TO attmp_onek_unique1;
+ALTER INDEX attmp_onek_unique1 RENAME TO onek_unique1;
+SET ROLE regress_alter_table_user1;
+ALTER INDEX onek_unique1 RENAME TO fail;  -- permission denied
+ERROR:  must be owner of index onek_unique1
+RESET ROLE;
+-- rename statements with mismatching statement and object types
+CREATE TABLE alter_idx_rename_test (a INT);
+CREATE INDEX alter_idx_rename_test_idx ON alter_idx_rename_test (a);
+CREATE TABLE alter_idx_rename_test_parted (a INT) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE INDEX alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx ON alter_idx_rename_test_parted (a);
+BEGIN;
+ALTER INDEX alter_idx_rename_test RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_2;
+ALTER INDEX alter_idx_rename_test_parted RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_parted_2;
+SELECT relation::regclass, mode FROM pg_locks
+WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() AND locktype = 'relation'
+  AND relation::regclass::text LIKE 'alter\_idx%'
+ORDER BY relation::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
+            relation            |        mode         
+--------------------------------+---------------------
+ alter_idx_rename_test_2        | AccessExclusiveLock
+ alter_idx_rename_test_parted_2 | AccessExclusiveLock
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+ALTER INDEX alter_idx_rename_test_idx RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_idx_2;
+ALTER INDEX alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx_2;
+SELECT relation::regclass, mode FROM pg_locks
+WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() AND locktype = 'relation'
+  AND relation::regclass::text LIKE 'alter\_idx%'
+ORDER BY relation::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
+              relation              |           mode           
+------------------------------------+--------------------------
+ alter_idx_rename_test_idx_2        | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+ alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx_2 | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE alter_idx_rename_test_idx_2 RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_idx_3;
+ALTER TABLE alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx_2 RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx_3;
+SELECT relation::regclass, mode FROM pg_locks
+WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() AND locktype = 'relation'
+  AND relation::regclass::text LIKE 'alter\_idx%'
+ORDER BY relation::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
+              relation              |        mode         
+------------------------------------+---------------------
+ alter_idx_rename_test_idx_3        | AccessExclusiveLock
+ alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx_3 | AccessExclusiveLock
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE alter_idx_rename_test_2;
+-- renaming views
+CREATE VIEW attmp_view (unique1) AS SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1;
+ALTER TABLE attmp_view RENAME TO attmp_view_new;
+SET ROLE regress_alter_table_user1;
+ALTER VIEW attmp_view_new RENAME TO fail;  -- permission denied
+ERROR:  must be owner of view attmp_view_new
+RESET ROLE;
+-- hack to ensure we get an indexscan here
+set enable_seqscan to off;
+set enable_bitmapscan to off;
+-- 5 values, sorted
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 5;
+ unique1 
+---------
+       0
+       1
+       2
+       3
+       4
+(5 rows)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+DROP VIEW attmp_view_new;
+-- toast-like relation name
+alter table stud_emp rename to pg_toast_stud_emp;
+alter table pg_toast_stud_emp rename to stud_emp;
+-- renaming index should rename constraint as well
+ALTER TABLE onek ADD CONSTRAINT onek_unique1_constraint UNIQUE (unique1);
+ALTER INDEX onek_unique1_constraint RENAME TO onek_unique1_constraint_foo;
+ALTER TABLE onek DROP CONSTRAINT onek_unique1_constraint_foo;
+-- renaming constraint
+ALTER TABLE onek ADD CONSTRAINT onek_check_constraint CHECK (unique1 >= 0);
+ALTER TABLE onek RENAME CONSTRAINT onek_check_constraint TO onek_check_constraint_foo;
+ALTER TABLE onek DROP CONSTRAINT onek_check_constraint_foo;
+-- renaming constraint should rename index as well
+ALTER TABLE onek ADD CONSTRAINT onek_unique1_constraint UNIQUE (unique1);
+DROP INDEX onek_unique1_constraint;  -- to see whether it's there
+ERROR:  cannot drop index onek_unique1_constraint because constraint onek_unique1_constraint on table onek requires it
+HINT:  You can drop constraint onek_unique1_constraint on table onek instead.
+ALTER TABLE onek RENAME CONSTRAINT onek_unique1_constraint TO onek_unique1_constraint_foo;
+DROP INDEX onek_unique1_constraint_foo;  -- to see whether it's there
+ERROR:  cannot drop index onek_unique1_constraint_foo because constraint onek_unique1_constraint_foo on table onek requires it
+HINT:  You can drop constraint onek_unique1_constraint_foo on table onek instead.
+ALTER TABLE onek DROP CONSTRAINT onek_unique1_constraint_foo;
+-- renaming constraints vs. inheritance
+CREATE TABLE constraint_rename_test (a int CONSTRAINT con1 CHECK (a > 0), b int, c int);
+\d constraint_rename_test
+       Table "public.constraint_rename_test"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "con1" CHECK (a > 0)
+
+CREATE TABLE constraint_rename_test2 (a int CONSTRAINT con1 CHECK (a > 0), d int) INHERITS (constraint_rename_test);
+NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "con1" with inherited definition
+\d constraint_rename_test2
+      Table "public.constraint_rename_test2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+ d      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "con1" CHECK (a > 0)
+Inherits: constraint_rename_test
+
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test2 RENAME CONSTRAINT con1 TO con1foo; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot rename inherited constraint "con1"
+ALTER TABLE ONLY constraint_rename_test RENAME CONSTRAINT con1 TO con1foo; -- fail
+ERROR:  inherited constraint "con1" must be renamed in child tables too
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test RENAME CONSTRAINT con1 TO con1foo; -- ok
+\d constraint_rename_test
+       Table "public.constraint_rename_test"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "con1foo" CHECK (a > 0)
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d constraint_rename_test2
+      Table "public.constraint_rename_test2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+ d      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "con1foo" CHECK (a > 0)
+Inherits: constraint_rename_test
+
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test ADD CONSTRAINT con2 CHECK (b > 0) NO INHERIT;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY constraint_rename_test RENAME CONSTRAINT con2 TO con2foo; -- ok
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test RENAME CONSTRAINT con2foo TO con2bar; -- ok
+\d constraint_rename_test
+       Table "public.constraint_rename_test"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "con1foo" CHECK (a > 0)
+    "con2bar" CHECK (b > 0) NO INHERIT
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d constraint_rename_test2
+      Table "public.constraint_rename_test2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+ d      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "con1foo" CHECK (a > 0)
+Inherits: constraint_rename_test
+
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test ADD CONSTRAINT con3 PRIMARY KEY (a);
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test RENAME CONSTRAINT con3 TO con3foo; -- ok
+\d constraint_rename_test
+       Table "public.constraint_rename_test"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "con3foo" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+Check constraints:
+    "con1foo" CHECK (a > 0)
+    "con2bar" CHECK (b > 0) NO INHERIT
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d constraint_rename_test2
+      Table "public.constraint_rename_test2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+ d      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "con1foo" CHECK (a > 0)
+Inherits: constraint_rename_test
+
+DROP TABLE constraint_rename_test2;
+DROP TABLE constraint_rename_test;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS constraint_not_exist RENAME CONSTRAINT con3 TO con3foo; -- ok
+NOTICE:  relation "constraint_not_exist" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS constraint_rename_test ADD CONSTRAINT con4 UNIQUE (a);
+NOTICE:  relation "constraint_rename_test" does not exist, skipping
+-- renaming constraints with cache reset of target relation
+CREATE TABLE constraint_rename_cache (a int,
+  CONSTRAINT chk_a CHECK (a > 0),
+  PRIMARY KEY (a));
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_cache
+  RENAME CONSTRAINT chk_a TO chk_a_new;
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_cache
+  RENAME CONSTRAINT constraint_rename_cache_pkey TO constraint_rename_pkey_new;
+CREATE TABLE like_constraint_rename_cache
+  (LIKE constraint_rename_cache INCLUDING ALL);
+\d like_constraint_rename_cache
+    Table "public.like_constraint_rename_cache"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+Indexes:
+    "like_constraint_rename_cache_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+Check constraints:
+    "chk_a_new" CHECK (a > 0)
+
+DROP TABLE constraint_rename_cache;
+DROP TABLE like_constraint_rename_cache;
+-- FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT adding TEST
+CREATE TABLE attmp2 (a int primary key);
+CREATE TABLE attmp3 (a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE attmp4 (a int, b int, unique(a,b));
+CREATE TABLE attmp5 (a int, b int);
+-- Insert rows into attmp2 (pktable)
+INSERT INTO attmp2 values (1);
+INSERT INTO attmp2 values (2);
+INSERT INTO attmp2 values (3);
+INSERT INTO attmp2 values (4);
+-- Insert rows into attmp3
+INSERT INTO attmp3 values (1,10);
+INSERT INTO attmp3 values (1,20);
+INSERT INTO attmp3 values (5,50);
+-- Try (and fail) to add constraint due to invalid source columns
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key(c) references attmp2 match full;
+ERROR:  column "c" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist
+-- Try (and fail) to add constraint due to invalid destination columns explicitly given
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key(a) references attmp2(b) match full;
+ERROR:  column "b" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist
+-- Try (and fail) to add constraint due to invalid data
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key (a) references attmp2 match full;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "attmp3" violates foreign key constraint "attmpconstr"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(5) is not present in table "attmp2".
+-- Delete failing row
+DELETE FROM attmp3 where a=5;
+-- Try (and succeed)
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key (a) references attmp2 match full;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 drop constraint attmpconstr;
+INSERT INTO attmp3 values (5,50);
+-- Try NOT VALID and then VALIDATE CONSTRAINT, but fails. Delete failure then re-validate
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key (a) references attmp2 match full NOT VALID;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 validate constraint attmpconstr;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "attmp3" violates foreign key constraint "attmpconstr"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(5) is not present in table "attmp2".
+-- Delete failing row
+DELETE FROM attmp3 where a=5;
+-- Try (and succeed) and repeat to show it works on already valid constraint
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 validate constraint attmpconstr;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 validate constraint attmpconstr;
+-- Try a non-verified CHECK constraint
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 ADD CONSTRAINT b_greater_than_ten CHECK (b > 10); -- fail
+ERROR:  check constraint "b_greater_than_ten" of relation "attmp3" is violated by some row
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 ADD CONSTRAINT b_greater_than_ten CHECK (b > 10) NOT VALID; -- succeeds
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT b_greater_than_ten; -- fails
+ERROR:  check constraint "b_greater_than_ten" of relation "attmp3" is violated by some row
+DELETE FROM attmp3 WHERE NOT b > 10;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT b_greater_than_ten; -- succeeds
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT b_greater_than_ten; -- succeeds
+-- Test inherited NOT VALID CHECK constraints
+select * from attmp3;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 20
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE attmp6 () INHERITS (attmp3);
+CREATE TABLE attmp7 () INHERITS (attmp3);
+INSERT INTO attmp6 VALUES (6, 30), (7, 16);
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 ADD CONSTRAINT b_le_20 CHECK (b <= 20) NOT VALID;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT b_le_20;	-- fails
+ERROR:  check constraint "b_le_20" of relation "attmp6" is violated by some row
+DELETE FROM attmp6 WHERE b > 20;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT b_le_20;	-- succeeds
+-- An already validated constraint must not be revalidated
+CREATE FUNCTION boo(int) RETURNS int IMMUTABLE STRICT LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ BEGIN RAISE NOTICE 'boo: %', $1; RETURN $1; END; $$;
+INSERT INTO attmp7 VALUES (8, 18);
+ALTER TABLE attmp7 ADD CONSTRAINT identity CHECK (b = boo(b));
+NOTICE:  boo: 18
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 ADD CONSTRAINT IDENTITY check (b = boo(b)) NOT VALID;
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "identity" with inherited definition
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT identity;
+NOTICE:  boo: 20
+NOTICE:  boo: 16
+-- A NO INHERIT constraint should not be looked for in children during VALIDATE CONSTRAINT
+create table parent_noinh_convalid (a int);
+create table child_noinh_convalid () inherits (parent_noinh_convalid);
+insert into parent_noinh_convalid values (1);
+insert into child_noinh_convalid values (1);
+alter table parent_noinh_convalid add constraint check_a_is_2 check (a = 2) no inherit not valid;
+-- fail, because of the row in parent
+alter table parent_noinh_convalid validate constraint check_a_is_2;
+ERROR:  check constraint "check_a_is_2" of relation "parent_noinh_convalid" is violated by some row
+delete from only parent_noinh_convalid;
+-- ok (parent itself contains no violating rows)
+alter table parent_noinh_convalid validate constraint check_a_is_2;
+select convalidated from pg_constraint where conrelid = 'parent_noinh_convalid'::regclass and conname = 'check_a_is_2';
+ convalidated 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table parent_noinh_convalid, child_noinh_convalid;
+-- Try (and fail) to create constraint from attmp5(a) to attmp4(a) - unique constraint on
+-- attmp4 is a,b
+ALTER TABLE attmp5 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key(a) references attmp4(a) match full;
+ERROR:  there is no unique constraint matching given keys for referenced table "attmp4"
+DROP TABLE attmp7;
+DROP TABLE attmp6;
+DROP TABLE attmp5;
+DROP TABLE attmp4;
+DROP TABLE attmp3;
+DROP TABLE attmp2;
+-- NOT VALID with plan invalidation -- ensure we don't use a constraint for
+-- exclusion until validated
+set constraint_exclusion TO 'partition';
+create table nv_parent (d date, check (false) no inherit not valid);
+-- not valid constraint added at creation time should automatically become valid
+\d nv_parent
+            Table "public.nv_parent"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------
+ d      | date |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "nv_parent_check" CHECK (false) NO INHERIT
+
+create table nv_child_2010 () inherits (nv_parent);
+create table nv_child_2011 () inherits (nv_parent);
+alter table nv_child_2010 add check (d between '2010-01-01'::date and '2010-12-31'::date) not valid;
+alter table nv_child_2011 add check (d between '2011-01-01'::date and '2011-12-31'::date) not valid;
+explain (costs off) select * from nv_parent where d between '2011-08-01' and '2011-08-31';
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_parent nv_parent_1
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2011'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2011'::date))
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_child_2010 nv_parent_2
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2011'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2011'::date))
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_child_2011 nv_parent_3
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2011'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2011'::date))
+(7 rows)
+
+create table nv_child_2009 (check (d between '2009-01-01'::date and '2009-12-31'::date)) inherits (nv_parent);
+explain (costs off) select * from nv_parent where d between '2011-08-01'::date and '2011-08-31'::date;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_parent nv_parent_1
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2011'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2011'::date))
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_child_2010 nv_parent_2
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2011'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2011'::date))
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_child_2011 nv_parent_3
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2011'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2011'::date))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from nv_parent where d between '2009-08-01'::date and '2009-08-31'::date;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_parent nv_parent_1
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2009'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2009'::date))
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_child_2010 nv_parent_2
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2009'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2009'::date))
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_child_2011 nv_parent_3
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2009'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2009'::date))
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_child_2009 nv_parent_4
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2009'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2009'::date))
+(9 rows)
+
+-- after validation, the constraint should be used
+alter table nv_child_2011 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT nv_child_2011_d_check;
+explain (costs off) select * from nv_parent where d between '2009-08-01'::date and '2009-08-31'::date;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_parent nv_parent_1
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2009'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2009'::date))
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_child_2010 nv_parent_2
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2009'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2009'::date))
+   ->  Seq Scan on nv_child_2009 nv_parent_3
+         Filter: ((d >= '08-01-2009'::date) AND (d <= '08-31-2009'::date))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- add an inherited NOT VALID constraint
+alter table nv_parent add check (d between '2001-01-01'::date and '2099-12-31'::date) not valid;
+\d nv_child_2009
+          Table "public.nv_child_2009"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------
+ d      | date |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "nv_child_2009_d_check" CHECK (d >= '01-01-2009'::date AND d <= '12-31-2009'::date)
+    "nv_parent_d_check" CHECK (d >= '01-01-2001'::date AND d <= '12-31-2099'::date) NOT VALID
+Inherits: nv_parent
+
+-- we leave nv_parent and children around to help test pg_dump logic
+-- Foreign key adding test with mixed types
+-- Note: these tables are TEMP to avoid name conflicts when this test
+-- is run in parallel with foreign_key.sql.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES(42);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 inet);
+-- This next should fail, because int=inet does not exist
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) references pktable;
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+-- This should also fail for the same reason, but here we
+-- give the column name
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) references pktable(ptest1);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- This should succeed, even though they are different types,
+-- because int=int8 exists and is a member of the integer opfamily
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int8);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) references pktable;
+-- Check it actually works
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(42);		-- should succeed
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(43);		-- should fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1)=(43) is not present in table "pktable".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- This should fail, because we'd have to cast numeric to int which is
+-- not an implicit coercion (or use numeric=numeric, but that's not part
+-- of the integer opfamily)
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 numeric);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) references pktable;
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: numeric and integer.
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- On the other hand, this should work because int implicitly promotes to
+-- numeric, and we allow promotion on the FK side
+CREATE TEMP TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 numeric PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES(42);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) references pktable;
+-- Check it actually works
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(42);		-- should succeed
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(43);		-- should fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1)=(43) is not present in table "pktable".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet,
+                           PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2));
+-- This should fail, because we just chose really odd types
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 timestamp);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) references pktable;
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: cidr and integer.
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- Again, so should this...
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 timestamp);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2)
+     references pktable(ptest1, ptest2);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: cidr and integer.
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- This fails because we mixed up the column ordering
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2)
+     references pktable(ptest2, ptest1);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest2" are of incompatible types: integer and inet.
+-- As does this...
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1)
+     references pktable(ptest1, ptest2);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest2_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest2" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- Test that ALTER CONSTRAINT updates trigger deferrability properly
+CREATE TEMP TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int primary key);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fknd FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION NOT DEFERRABLE;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fkdd FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fkdi FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fknd2 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ALTER CONSTRAINT fknd2 NOT DEFERRABLE;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fkdd2 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION NOT DEFERRABLE;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ALTER CONSTRAINT fkdd2 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fkdi2 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION NOT DEFERRABLE;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ALTER CONSTRAINT fkdi2 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE;
+SELECT conname, tgfoid::regproc, tgtype, tgdeferrable, tginitdeferred
+FROM pg_trigger JOIN pg_constraint con ON con.oid = tgconstraint
+WHERE tgrelid = 'pktable'::regclass
+ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ conname |         tgfoid         | tgtype | tgdeferrable | tginitdeferred 
+---------+------------------------+--------+--------------+----------------
+ fkdd    | "RI_FKey_cascade_del"  |      9 | f            | f
+ fkdd    | "RI_FKey_noaction_upd" |     17 | t            | t
+ fkdd2   | "RI_FKey_cascade_del"  |      9 | f            | f
+ fkdd2   | "RI_FKey_noaction_upd" |     17 | t            | t
+ fkdi    | "RI_FKey_cascade_del"  |      9 | f            | f
+ fkdi    | "RI_FKey_noaction_upd" |     17 | t            | f
+ fkdi2   | "RI_FKey_cascade_del"  |      9 | f            | f
+ fkdi2   | "RI_FKey_noaction_upd" |     17 | t            | f
+ fknd    | "RI_FKey_cascade_del"  |      9 | f            | f
+ fknd    | "RI_FKey_noaction_upd" |     17 | f            | f
+ fknd2   | "RI_FKey_cascade_del"  |      9 | f            | f
+ fknd2   | "RI_FKey_noaction_upd" |     17 | f            | f
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT conname, tgfoid::regproc, tgtype, tgdeferrable, tginitdeferred
+FROM pg_trigger JOIN pg_constraint con ON con.oid = tgconstraint
+WHERE tgrelid = 'fktable'::regclass
+ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ conname |       tgfoid        | tgtype | tgdeferrable | tginitdeferred 
+---------+---------------------+--------+--------------+----------------
+ fkdd    | "RI_FKey_check_ins" |      5 | t            | t
+ fkdd    | "RI_FKey_check_upd" |     17 | t            | t
+ fkdd2   | "RI_FKey_check_ins" |      5 | t            | t
+ fkdd2   | "RI_FKey_check_upd" |     17 | t            | t
+ fkdi    | "RI_FKey_check_ins" |      5 | t            | f
+ fkdi    | "RI_FKey_check_upd" |     17 | t            | f
+ fkdi2   | "RI_FKey_check_ins" |      5 | t            | f
+ fkdi2   | "RI_FKey_check_upd" |     17 | t            | f
+ fknd    | "RI_FKey_check_ins" |      5 | f            | f
+ fknd    | "RI_FKey_check_upd" |     17 | f            | f
+ fknd2   | "RI_FKey_check_ins" |      5 | f            | f
+ fknd2   | "RI_FKey_check_upd" |     17 | f            | f
+(12 rows)
+
+-- temp tables should go away by themselves, need not drop them.
+-- test check constraint adding
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- add a check constraint
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 check (test>3);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc_test1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2).
+-- should succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (4);
+drop table atacc1;
+-- let's do one where the check fails when added
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- insert a soon to be failing row
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- add a check constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 check (test>3);
+ERROR:  check constraint "atacc_test1" of relation "atacc1" is violated by some row
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (4);
+drop table atacc1;
+-- let's do one where the check fails because the column doesn't exist
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- add a check constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 check (test1>3);
+ERROR:  column "test1" does not exist
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the column "atacc1.test".
+drop table atacc1;
+-- something a little more complicated
+create table atacc1 ( test int, test2 int, test3 int);
+-- add a check constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 check (test+test2<test3*4);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2,test3) values (4,4,2);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc_test1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (4, 4, 2).
+-- should succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2,test3) values (4,4,5);
+drop table atacc1;
+-- lets do some naming tests
+create table atacc1 (test int check (test>3), test2 int);
+alter table atacc1 add check (test2>test);
+-- should fail for $2
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (3, 4);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (4, 3).
+drop table atacc1;
+-- inheritance related tests
+create table atacc1 (test int);
+create table atacc2 (test2 int);
+create table atacc3 (test3 int) inherits (atacc1, atacc2);
+alter table atacc2 add constraint foo check (test2>0);
+-- fail and then succeed on atacc2
+insert into atacc2 (test2) values (-3);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc2" violates check constraint "foo"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-3).
+insert into atacc2 (test2) values (3);
+-- fail and then succeed on atacc3
+insert into atacc3 (test2) values (-3);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc3" violates check constraint "foo"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, -3, null).
+insert into atacc3 (test2) values (3);
+drop table atacc3;
+drop table atacc2;
+drop table atacc1;
+-- same things with one created with INHERIT
+create table atacc1 (test int);
+create table atacc2 (test2 int);
+create table atacc3 (test3 int) inherits (atacc1, atacc2);
+alter table atacc3 no inherit atacc2;
+-- fail
+alter table atacc3 no inherit atacc2;
+ERROR:  relation "atacc2" is not a parent of relation "atacc3"
+-- make sure it really isn't a child
+insert into atacc3 (test2) values (3);
+select test2 from atacc2;
+ test2 
+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- fail due to missing constraint
+alter table atacc2 add constraint foo check (test2>0);
+alter table atacc3 inherit atacc2;
+ERROR:  child table is missing constraint "foo"
+-- fail due to missing column
+alter table atacc3 rename test2 to testx;
+alter table atacc3 inherit atacc2;
+ERROR:  child table is missing column "test2"
+-- fail due to mismatched data type
+alter table atacc3 add test2 bool;
+alter table atacc3 inherit atacc2;
+ERROR:  child table "atacc3" has different type for column "test2"
+alter table atacc3 drop test2;
+-- succeed
+alter table atacc3 add test2 int;
+update atacc3 set test2 = 4 where test2 is null;
+alter table atacc3 add constraint foo check (test2>0);
+alter table atacc3 inherit atacc2;
+-- fail due to duplicates and circular inheritance
+alter table atacc3 inherit atacc2;
+ERROR:  relation "atacc2" would be inherited from more than once
+alter table atacc2 inherit atacc3;
+ERROR:  circular inheritance not allowed
+DETAIL:  "atacc3" is already a child of "atacc2".
+alter table atacc2 inherit atacc2;
+ERROR:  circular inheritance not allowed
+DETAIL:  "atacc2" is already a child of "atacc2".
+-- test that we really are a child now (should see 4 not 3 and cascade should go through)
+select test2 from atacc2;
+ test2 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+drop table atacc2 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table atacc3
+drop table atacc1;
+-- adding only to a parent is allowed as of 9.2
+create table atacc1 (test int);
+create table atacc2 (test2 int) inherits (atacc1);
+-- ok:
+alter table atacc1 add constraint foo check (test>0) no inherit;
+-- check constraint is not there on child
+insert into atacc2 (test) values (-3);
+-- check constraint is there on parent
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (-3);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "foo"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-3).
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (3);
+-- fail, violating row:
+alter table atacc2 add constraint foo check (test>0) no inherit;
+ERROR:  check constraint "foo" of relation "atacc2" is violated by some row
+drop table atacc2;
+drop table atacc1;
+-- test unique constraint adding
+create table atacc1 ( test int ) ;
+-- add a unique constraint
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 unique (test);
+-- insert first value
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "atacc_test1"
+DETAIL:  Key (test)=(2) already exists.
+-- should succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (4);
+-- try to create duplicates via alter table using - should fail
+alter table atacc1 alter column test type integer using 0;
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "atacc_test1"
+DETAIL:  Key (test)=(0) is duplicated.
+drop table atacc1;
+-- let's do one where the unique constraint fails when added
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- insert soon to be failing rows
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- add a unique constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 unique (test);
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "atacc_test1"
+DETAIL:  Key (test)=(2) is duplicated.
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (3);
+drop table atacc1;
+-- let's do one where the unique constraint fails
+-- because the column doesn't exist
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- add a unique constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 unique (test1);
+ERROR:  column "test1" named in key does not exist
+drop table atacc1;
+-- something a little more complicated
+create table atacc1 ( test int, test2 int);
+-- add a unique constraint
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 unique (test, test2);
+-- insert initial value
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,4);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,4);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "atacc_test1"
+DETAIL:  Key (test, test2)=(4, 4) already exists.
+-- should all succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,5);
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (5,4);
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (5,5);
+drop table atacc1;
+-- lets do some naming tests
+create table atacc1 (test int, test2 int, unique(test));
+alter table atacc1 add unique (test2);
+-- should fail for @@ second one @@
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (3, 3);
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (2, 3);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "atacc1_test_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (test)=(3) already exists.
+drop table atacc1;
+-- test primary key constraint adding
+create table atacc1 ( id serial, test int) ;
+-- add a primary key constraint
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 primary key (test);
+-- insert first value
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "atacc_test1"
+DETAIL:  Key (test)=(2) already exists.
+-- should succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (4);
+-- inserting NULL should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test) values(NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "test" of relation "atacc1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (4, null).
+-- try adding a second primary key (should fail)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_oid1 primary key(id);
+ERROR:  multiple primary keys for table "atacc1" are not allowed
+-- drop first primary key constraint
+alter table atacc1 drop constraint atacc_test1 restrict;
+-- try adding a primary key on oid (should succeed)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_oid1 primary key(id);
+drop table atacc1;
+-- let's do one where the primary key constraint fails when added
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- insert soon to be failing rows
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- add a primary key (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 primary key (test);
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "atacc_test1"
+DETAIL:  Key (test)=(2) is duplicated.
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (3);
+drop table atacc1;
+-- let's do another one where the primary key constraint fails when added
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- insert soon to be failing row
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (NULL);
+-- add a primary key (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 primary key (test);
+ERROR:  column "test" of relation "atacc1" contains null values
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (3);
+drop table atacc1;
+-- let's do one where the primary key constraint fails
+-- because the column doesn't exist
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- add a primary key constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 primary key (test1);
+ERROR:  column "test1" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+drop table atacc1;
+-- adding a new column as primary key to a non-empty table.
+-- should fail unless the column has a non-null default value.
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (0);
+-- add a primary key column without a default (fails).
+alter table atacc1 add column test2 int primary key;
+ERROR:  column "test2" of relation "atacc1" contains null values
+-- now add a primary key column with a default (succeeds).
+alter table atacc1 add column test2 int default 0 primary key;
+drop table atacc1;
+-- this combination used to have order-of-execution problems (bug #15580)
+create table atacc1 (a int);
+insert into atacc1 values(1);
+alter table atacc1
+  add column b float8 not null default random(),
+  add primary key(a);
+drop table atacc1;
+-- additionally, we've seen issues with foreign key validation not being
+-- properly delayed until after a table rewrite.  Check that works ok.
+create table atacc1 (a int primary key);
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_fkey foreign key (a) references atacc1 (a) not valid;
+alter table atacc1 validate constraint atacc1_fkey, alter a type bigint;
+drop table atacc1;
+-- we've also seen issues with check constraints being validated at the wrong
+-- time when there's a pending table rewrite.
+create table atacc1 (a bigint, b int);
+insert into atacc1 values(1,1);
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_chk check(b = 1) not valid;
+alter table atacc1 validate constraint atacc1_chk, alter a type int;
+drop table atacc1;
+-- same as above, but ensure the constraint violation is detected
+create table atacc1 (a bigint, b int);
+insert into atacc1 values(1,2);
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_chk check(b = 1) not valid;
+alter table atacc1 validate constraint atacc1_chk, alter a type int;
+ERROR:  check constraint "atacc1_chk" of relation "atacc1" is violated by some row
+drop table atacc1;
+-- something a little more complicated
+create table atacc1 ( test int, test2 int);
+-- add a primary key constraint
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 primary key (test, test2);
+-- try adding a second primary key - should fail
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test2 primary key (test);
+ERROR:  multiple primary keys for table "atacc1" are not allowed
+-- insert initial value
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,4);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,4);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "atacc_test1"
+DETAIL:  Key (test, test2)=(4, 4) already exists.
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (NULL,3);
+ERROR:  null value in column "test" of relation "atacc1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, 3).
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (3, NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "test2" of relation "atacc1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (3, null).
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (NULL,NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "test" of relation "atacc1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
+-- should all succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,5);
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (5,4);
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (5,5);
+drop table atacc1;
+-- lets do some naming tests
+create table atacc1 (test int, test2 int, primary key(test));
+-- only first should succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (3, 3);
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (2, 3);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "atacc1_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (test)=(3) already exists.
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (1, NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "test" of relation "atacc1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, 1).
+drop table atacc1;
+-- alter table / alter column [set/drop] not null tests
+-- try altering system catalogs, should fail
+alter table pg_class alter column relname drop not null;
+ERROR:  permission denied: "pg_class" is a system catalog
+alter table pg_class alter relname set not null;
+ERROR:  permission denied: "pg_class" is a system catalog
+-- try altering non-existent table, should fail
+alter table non_existent alter column bar set not null;
+ERROR:  relation "non_existent" does not exist
+alter table non_existent alter column bar drop not null;
+ERROR:  relation "non_existent" does not exist
+-- test setting columns to null and not null and vice versa
+-- test checking for null values and primary key
+create table atacc1 (test int not null);
+alter table atacc1 add constraint "atacc1_pkey" primary key (test);
+alter table atacc1 alter column test drop not null;
+ERROR:  column "test" is in a primary key
+alter table atacc1 drop constraint "atacc1_pkey";
+alter table atacc1 alter column test drop not null;
+insert into atacc1 values (null);
+alter table atacc1 alter test set not null;
+ERROR:  column "test" of relation "atacc1" contains null values
+delete from atacc1;
+alter table atacc1 alter test set not null;
+-- try altering a non-existent column, should fail
+alter table atacc1 alter bar set not null;
+ERROR:  column "bar" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter bar drop not null;
+ERROR:  column "bar" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+-- try creating a view and altering that, should fail
+create view myview as select * from atacc1;
+alter table myview alter column test drop not null;
+ERROR:  ALTER action ALTER COLUMN ... DROP NOT NULL cannot be performed on relation "myview"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for views.
+alter table myview alter column test set not null;
+ERROR:  ALTER action ALTER COLUMN ... SET NOT NULL cannot be performed on relation "myview"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for views.
+drop view myview;
+drop table atacc1;
+-- set not null verified by constraints
+create table atacc1 (test_a int, test_b int);
+insert into atacc1 values (null, 1);
+-- constraint not cover all values, should fail
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_constr_or check(test_a is not null or test_b < 10);
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a set not null;
+ERROR:  column "test_a" of relation "atacc1" contains null values
+alter table atacc1 drop constraint atacc1_constr_or;
+-- not valid constraint, should fail
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_constr_invalid check(test_a is not null) not valid;
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a set not null;
+ERROR:  column "test_a" of relation "atacc1" contains null values
+alter table atacc1 drop constraint atacc1_constr_invalid;
+-- with valid constraint
+update atacc1 set test_a = 1;
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_constr_a_valid check(test_a is not null);
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a set not null;
+delete from atacc1;
+insert into atacc1 values (2, null);
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a drop not null;
+-- test multiple set not null at same time
+-- test_a checked by atacc1_constr_a_valid, test_b should fail by table scan
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a set not null, alter test_b set not null;
+ERROR:  column "test_b" of relation "atacc1" contains null values
+-- commands order has no importance
+alter table atacc1 alter test_b set not null, alter test_a set not null;
+ERROR:  column "test_b" of relation "atacc1" contains null values
+-- valid one by table scan, one by check constraints
+update atacc1 set test_b = 1;
+alter table atacc1 alter test_b set not null, alter test_a set not null;
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a drop not null, alter test_b drop not null;
+-- both column has check constraints
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_constr_b_valid check(test_b is not null);
+alter table atacc1 alter test_b set not null, alter test_a set not null;
+drop table atacc1;
+-- test inheritance
+create table parent (a int);
+create table child (b varchar(255)) inherits (parent);
+alter table parent alter a set not null;
+insert into parent values (NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "a" of relation "parent" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null).
+insert into child (a, b) values (NULL, 'foo');
+ERROR:  null value in column "a" of relation "child" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, foo).
+alter table parent alter a drop not null;
+insert into parent values (NULL);
+insert into child (a, b) values (NULL, 'foo');
+alter table only parent alter a set not null;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "parent" contains null values
+alter table child alter a set not null;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "child" contains null values
+delete from parent;
+alter table only parent alter a set not null;
+insert into parent values (NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "a" of relation "parent" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null).
+alter table child alter a set not null;
+insert into child (a, b) values (NULL, 'foo');
+ERROR:  null value in column "a" of relation "child" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, foo).
+delete from child;
+alter table child alter a set not null;
+insert into child (a, b) values (NULL, 'foo');
+ERROR:  null value in column "a" of relation "child" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, foo).
+drop table child;
+drop table parent;
+-- test setting and removing default values
+create table def_test (
+	c1	int4 default 5,
+	c2	text default 'initial_default'
+);
+insert into def_test default values;
+alter table def_test alter column c1 drop default;
+insert into def_test default values;
+alter table def_test alter column c2 drop default;
+insert into def_test default values;
+alter table def_test alter column c1 set default 10;
+alter table def_test alter column c2 set default 'new_default';
+insert into def_test default values;
+select * from def_test;
+ c1 |       c2        
+----+-----------------
+  5 | initial_default
+    | initial_default
+    | 
+ 10 | new_default
+(4 rows)
+
+-- set defaults to an incorrect type: this should fail
+alter table def_test alter column c1 set default 'wrong_datatype';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "wrong_datatype"
+alter table def_test alter column c2 set default 20;
+-- set defaults on a non-existent column: this should fail
+alter table def_test alter column c3 set default 30;
+ERROR:  column "c3" of relation "def_test" does not exist
+-- set defaults on views: we need to create a view, add a rule
+-- to allow insertions into it, and then alter the view to add
+-- a default
+create view def_view_test as select * from def_test;
+create rule def_view_test_ins as
+	on insert to def_view_test
+	do instead insert into def_test select new.*;
+insert into def_view_test default values;
+alter table def_view_test alter column c1 set default 45;
+insert into def_view_test default values;
+alter table def_view_test alter column c2 set default 'view_default';
+insert into def_view_test default values;
+select * from def_view_test;
+ c1 |       c2        
+----+-----------------
+  5 | initial_default
+    | initial_default
+    | 
+ 10 | new_default
+    | 
+ 45 | 
+ 45 | view_default
+(7 rows)
+
+drop rule def_view_test_ins on def_view_test;
+drop view def_view_test;
+drop table def_test;
+-- alter table / drop column tests
+-- try altering system catalogs, should fail
+alter table pg_class drop column relname;
+ERROR:  permission denied: "pg_class" is a system catalog
+-- try altering non-existent table, should fail
+alter table nosuchtable drop column bar;
+ERROR:  relation "nosuchtable" does not exist
+-- test dropping columns
+create table atacc1 (a int4 not null, b int4, c int4 not null, d int4);
+insert into atacc1 values (1, 2, 3, 4);
+alter table atacc1 drop a;
+alter table atacc1 drop a;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+-- SELECTs
+select * from atacc1;
+ b | c | d 
+---+---+---
+ 2 | 3 | 4
+(1 row)
+
+select * from atacc1 order by a;
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from atacc1 order by a;
+                                      ^
+select * from atacc1 order by "........pg.dropped.1........";
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from atacc1 order by "........pg.dropped.1........"...
+                                      ^
+select * from atacc1 group by a;
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from atacc1 group by a;
+                                      ^
+select * from atacc1 group by "........pg.dropped.1........";
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from atacc1 group by "........pg.dropped.1........"...
+                                      ^
+select atacc1.* from atacc1;
+ b | c | d 
+---+---+---
+ 2 | 3 | 4
+(1 row)
+
+select a from atacc1;
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+LINE 1: select a from atacc1;
+               ^
+select atacc1.a from atacc1;
+ERROR:  column atacc1.a does not exist
+LINE 1: select atacc1.a from atacc1;
+               ^
+select b,c,d from atacc1;
+ b | c | d 
+---+---+---
+ 2 | 3 | 4
+(1 row)
+
+select a,b,c,d from atacc1;
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+LINE 1: select a,b,c,d from atacc1;
+               ^
+select * from atacc1 where a = 1;
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from atacc1 where a = 1;
+                                   ^
+select "........pg.dropped.1........" from atacc1;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" does not exist
+LINE 1: select "........pg.dropped.1........" from atacc1;
+               ^
+select atacc1."........pg.dropped.1........" from atacc1;
+ERROR:  column atacc1.........pg.dropped.1........ does not exist
+LINE 1: select atacc1."........pg.dropped.1........" from atacc1;
+               ^
+select "........pg.dropped.1........",b,c,d from atacc1;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" does not exist
+LINE 1: select "........pg.dropped.1........",b,c,d from atacc1;
+               ^
+select * from atacc1 where "........pg.dropped.1........" = 1;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from atacc1 where "........pg.dropped.1........" = ...
+                                   ^
+-- UPDATEs
+update atacc1 set a = 3;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+LINE 1: update atacc1 set a = 3;
+                          ^
+update atacc1 set b = 2 where a = 3;
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+LINE 1: update atacc1 set b = 2 where a = 3;
+                                      ^
+update atacc1 set "........pg.dropped.1........" = 3;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+LINE 1: update atacc1 set "........pg.dropped.1........" = 3;
+                          ^
+update atacc1 set b = 2 where "........pg.dropped.1........" = 3;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" does not exist
+LINE 1: update atacc1 set b = 2 where "........pg.dropped.1........"...
+                                      ^
+-- INSERTs
+insert into atacc1 values (10, 11, 12, 13);
+ERROR:  INSERT has more expressions than target columns
+LINE 1: insert into atacc1 values (10, 11, 12, 13);
+                                               ^
+insert into atacc1 values (default, 11, 12, 13);
+ERROR:  INSERT has more expressions than target columns
+LINE 1: insert into atacc1 values (default, 11, 12, 13);
+                                                    ^
+insert into atacc1 values (11, 12, 13);
+insert into atacc1 (a) values (10);
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+LINE 1: insert into atacc1 (a) values (10);
+                            ^
+insert into atacc1 (a) values (default);
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+LINE 1: insert into atacc1 (a) values (default);
+                            ^
+insert into atacc1 (a,b,c,d) values (10,11,12,13);
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+LINE 1: insert into atacc1 (a,b,c,d) values (10,11,12,13);
+                            ^
+insert into atacc1 (a,b,c,d) values (default,11,12,13);
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+LINE 1: insert into atacc1 (a,b,c,d) values (default,11,12,13);
+                            ^
+insert into atacc1 (b,c,d) values (11,12,13);
+insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........") values (10);
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+LINE 1: insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........") values (...
+                            ^
+insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........") values (default);
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+LINE 1: insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........") values (...
+                            ^
+insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........",b,c,d) values (10,11,12,13);
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+LINE 1: insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........",b,c,d) va...
+                            ^
+insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........",b,c,d) values (default,11,12,13);
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+LINE 1: insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........",b,c,d) va...
+                            ^
+-- DELETEs
+delete from atacc1 where a = 3;
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+LINE 1: delete from atacc1 where a = 3;
+                                 ^
+delete from atacc1 where "........pg.dropped.1........" = 3;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" does not exist
+LINE 1: delete from atacc1 where "........pg.dropped.1........" = 3;
+                                 ^
+delete from atacc1;
+-- try dropping a non-existent column, should fail
+alter table atacc1 drop bar;
+ERROR:  column "bar" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+-- try removing an oid column, should succeed (as it's nonexistent)
+alter table atacc1 SET WITHOUT OIDS;
+-- try adding an oid column, should fail (not supported)
+alter table atacc1 SET WITH OIDS;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "WITH"
+LINE 1: alter table atacc1 SET WITH OIDS;
+                               ^
+-- try dropping the xmin column, should fail
+alter table atacc1 drop xmin;
+ERROR:  cannot drop system column "xmin"
+-- try creating a view and altering that, should fail
+create view myview as select * from atacc1;
+select * from myview;
+ b | c | d 
+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+alter table myview drop d;
+ERROR:  ALTER action DROP COLUMN cannot be performed on relation "myview"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for views.
+drop view myview;
+-- test some commands to make sure they fail on the dropped column
+analyze atacc1(a);
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+analyze atacc1("........pg.dropped.1........");
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+vacuum analyze atacc1(a);
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+vacuum analyze atacc1("........pg.dropped.1........");
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+comment on column atacc1.a is 'testing';
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+comment on column atacc1."........pg.dropped.1........" is 'testing';
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter a set storage plain;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" set storage plain;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter a set statistics 0;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" set statistics 0;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter a set default 3;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" set default 3;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter a drop default;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" drop default;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter a set not null;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" set not null;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter a drop not null;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" drop not null;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 rename a to x;
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 rename "........pg.dropped.1........" to x;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 add primary key(a);
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 add primary key("........pg.dropped.1........");
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "atacc1" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 add unique(a);
+ERROR:  column "a" named in key does not exist
+alter table atacc1 add unique("........pg.dropped.1........");
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" named in key does not exist
+alter table atacc1 add check (a > 3);
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+alter table atacc1 add check ("........pg.dropped.1........" > 3);
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" does not exist
+create table atacc2 (id int4 unique);
+alter table atacc1 add foreign key (a) references atacc2(id);
+ERROR:  column "a" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist
+alter table atacc1 add foreign key ("........pg.dropped.1........") references atacc2(id);
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist
+alter table atacc2 add foreign key (id) references atacc1(a);
+ERROR:  column "a" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist
+alter table atacc2 add foreign key (id) references atacc1("........pg.dropped.1........");
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist
+drop table atacc2;
+create index "testing_idx" on atacc1(a);
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+create index "testing_idx" on atacc1("........pg.dropped.1........");
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" does not exist
+-- test create as and select into
+insert into atacc1 values (21, 22, 23);
+create table attest1 as select * from atacc1;
+select * from attest1;
+ b  | c  | d  
+----+----+----
+ 21 | 22 | 23
+(1 row)
+
+drop table attest1;
+select * into attest2 from atacc1;
+select * from attest2;
+ b  | c  | d  
+----+----+----
+ 21 | 22 | 23
+(1 row)
+
+drop table attest2;
+-- try dropping all columns
+alter table atacc1 drop c;
+alter table atacc1 drop d;
+alter table atacc1 drop b;
+select * from atacc1;
+--
+(1 row)
+
+drop table atacc1;
+-- test constraint error reporting in presence of dropped columns
+create table atacc1 (id serial primary key, value int check (value < 10));
+insert into atacc1(value) values (100);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_value_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, 100).
+alter table atacc1 drop column value;
+alter table atacc1 add column value int check (value < 10);
+insert into atacc1(value) values (100);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_value_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2, 100).
+insert into atacc1(id, value) values (null, 0);
+ERROR:  null value in column "id" of relation "atacc1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, 0).
+drop table atacc1;
+-- test inheritance
+create table parent (a int, b int, c int);
+insert into parent values (1, 2, 3);
+alter table parent drop a;
+create table child (d varchar(255)) inherits (parent);
+insert into child values (12, 13, 'testing');
+select * from parent;
+ b  | c  
+----+----
+  2 |  3
+ 12 | 13
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from child;
+ b  | c  |    d    
+----+----+---------
+ 12 | 13 | testing
+(1 row)
+
+alter table parent drop c;
+select * from parent;
+ b  
+----
+  2
+ 12
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from child;
+ b  |    d    
+----+---------
+ 12 | testing
+(1 row)
+
+drop table child;
+drop table parent;
+-- check error cases for inheritance column merging
+create table parent (a float8, b numeric(10,4), c text collate "C");
+create table child (a float4) inherits (parent); -- fail
+NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
+ERROR:  column "a" has a type conflict
+DETAIL:  double precision versus real
+create table child (b decimal(10,7)) inherits (parent); -- fail
+NOTICE:  moving and merging column "b" with inherited definition
+DETAIL:  User-specified column moved to the position of the inherited column.
+ERROR:  column "b" has a type conflict
+DETAIL:  numeric(10,4) versus numeric(10,7)
+create table child (c text collate "POSIX") inherits (parent); -- fail
+NOTICE:  moving and merging column "c" with inherited definition
+DETAIL:  User-specified column moved to the position of the inherited column.
+ERROR:  column "c" has a collation conflict
+DETAIL:  "C" versus "POSIX"
+create table child (a double precision, b decimal(10,4)) inherits (parent);
+NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
+NOTICE:  merging column "b" with inherited definition
+drop table child;
+drop table parent;
+-- test copy in/out
+create table attest (a int4, b int4, c int4);
+insert into attest values (1,2,3);
+alter table attest drop a;
+copy attest to stdout;
+2	3
+copy attest(a) to stdout;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "attest" does not exist
+copy attest("........pg.dropped.1........") to stdout;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "attest" does not exist
+copy attest from stdin;
+ERROR:  extra data after last expected column
+CONTEXT:  COPY attest, line 1: "10	11	12"
+select * from attest;
+ b | c 
+---+---
+ 2 | 3
+(1 row)
+
+copy attest from stdin;
+select * from attest;
+ b  | c  
+----+----
+  2 |  3
+ 21 | 22
+(2 rows)
+
+copy attest(a) from stdin;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "attest" does not exist
+copy attest("........pg.dropped.1........") from stdin;
+ERROR:  column "........pg.dropped.1........" of relation "attest" does not exist
+copy attest(b,c) from stdin;
+select * from attest;
+ b  | c  
+----+----
+  2 |  3
+ 21 | 22
+ 31 | 32
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table attest;
+-- test inheritance
+create table dropColumn (a int, b int, e int);
+create table dropColumnChild (c int) inherits (dropColumn);
+create table dropColumnAnother (d int) inherits (dropColumnChild);
+-- these two should fail
+alter table dropColumnchild drop column a;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited column "a"
+alter table only dropColumnChild drop column b;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited column "b"
+-- these three should work
+alter table only dropColumn drop column e;
+alter table dropColumnChild drop column c;
+alter table dropColumn drop column a;
+create table renameColumn (a int);
+create table renameColumnChild (b int) inherits (renameColumn);
+create table renameColumnAnother (c int) inherits (renameColumnChild);
+-- these three should fail
+alter table renameColumnChild rename column a to d;
+ERROR:  cannot rename inherited column "a"
+alter table only renameColumnChild rename column a to d;
+ERROR:  inherited column "a" must be renamed in child tables too
+alter table only renameColumn rename column a to d;
+ERROR:  inherited column "a" must be renamed in child tables too
+-- these should work
+alter table renameColumn rename column a to d;
+alter table renameColumnChild rename column b to a;
+-- these should work
+alter table if exists doesnt_exist_tab rename column a to d;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_tab" does not exist, skipping
+alter table if exists doesnt_exist_tab rename column b to a;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_tab" does not exist, skipping
+-- this should work
+alter table renameColumn add column w int;
+-- this should fail
+alter table only renameColumn add column x int;
+ERROR:  column must be added to child tables too
+-- Test corner cases in dropping of inherited columns
+create table p1 (f1 int, f2 int);
+create table c1 (f1 int not null) inherits(p1);
+NOTICE:  merging column "f1" with inherited definition
+-- should be rejected since c1.f1 is inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited column "f1"
+-- should work
+alter table p1 drop column f1;
+-- c1.f1 is still there, but no longer inherited
+select f1 from c1;
+ f1 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+select f1 from c1;
+ERROR:  column "f1" does not exist
+LINE 1: select f1 from c1;
+               ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the column "c1.f2".
+drop table p1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table c1
+create table p1 (f1 int, f2 int);
+create table c1 () inherits(p1);
+-- should be rejected since c1.f1 is inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited column "f1"
+alter table p1 drop column f1;
+-- c1.f1 is dropped now, since there is no local definition for it
+select f1 from c1;
+ERROR:  column "f1" does not exist
+LINE 1: select f1 from c1;
+               ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the column "c1.f2".
+drop table p1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table c1
+create table p1 (f1 int, f2 int);
+create table c1 () inherits(p1);
+-- should be rejected since c1.f1 is inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited column "f1"
+alter table only p1 drop column f1;
+-- c1.f1 is NOT dropped, but must now be considered non-inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+drop table p1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table c1
+create table p1 (f1 int, f2 int);
+create table c1 (f1 int not null) inherits(p1);
+NOTICE:  merging column "f1" with inherited definition
+-- should be rejected since c1.f1 is inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited column "f1"
+alter table only p1 drop column f1;
+-- c1.f1 is still there, but no longer inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+drop table p1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table c1
+create table p1(id int, name text);
+create table p2(id2 int, name text, height int);
+create table c1(age int) inherits(p1,p2);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "name"
+create table gc1() inherits (c1);
+select relname, attname, attinhcount, attislocal
+from pg_class join pg_attribute on (pg_class.oid = pg_attribute.attrelid)
+where relname in ('p1','p2','c1','gc1') and attnum > 0 and not attisdropped
+order by relname, attnum;
+ relname | attname | attinhcount | attislocal 
+---------+---------+-------------+------------
+ c1      | id      |           1 | f
+ c1      | name    |           2 | f
+ c1      | id2     |           1 | f
+ c1      | height  |           1 | f
+ c1      | age     |           0 | t
+ gc1     | id      |           1 | f
+ gc1     | name    |           1 | f
+ gc1     | id2     |           1 | f
+ gc1     | height  |           1 | f
+ gc1     | age     |           1 | f
+ p1      | id      |           0 | t
+ p1      | name    |           0 | t
+ p2      | id2     |           0 | t
+ p2      | name    |           0 | t
+ p2      | height  |           0 | t
+(15 rows)
+
+-- should work
+alter table only p1 drop column name;
+-- should work. Now c1.name is local and inhcount is 0.
+alter table p2 drop column name;
+-- should be rejected since its inherited
+alter table gc1 drop column name;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited column "name"
+-- should work, and drop gc1.name along
+alter table c1 drop column name;
+-- should fail: column does not exist
+alter table gc1 drop column name;
+ERROR:  column "name" of relation "gc1" does not exist
+-- should work and drop the attribute in all tables
+alter table p2 drop column height;
+-- IF EXISTS test
+create table dropColumnExists ();
+alter table dropColumnExists drop column non_existing; --fail
+ERROR:  column "non_existing" of relation "dropcolumnexists" does not exist
+alter table dropColumnExists drop column if exists non_existing; --succeed
+NOTICE:  column "non_existing" of relation "dropcolumnexists" does not exist, skipping
+select relname, attname, attinhcount, attislocal
+from pg_class join pg_attribute on (pg_class.oid = pg_attribute.attrelid)
+where relname in ('p1','p2','c1','gc1') and attnum > 0 and not attisdropped
+order by relname, attnum;
+ relname | attname | attinhcount | attislocal 
+---------+---------+-------------+------------
+ c1      | id      |           1 | f
+ c1      | id2     |           1 | f
+ c1      | age     |           0 | t
+ gc1     | id      |           1 | f
+ gc1     | id2     |           1 | f
+ gc1     | age     |           1 | f
+ p1      | id      |           0 | t
+ p2      | id2     |           0 | t
+(8 rows)
+
+drop table p1, p2 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table c1
+drop cascades to table gc1
+-- test attinhcount tracking with merged columns
+create table depth0();
+create table depth1(c text) inherits (depth0);
+create table depth2() inherits (depth1);
+alter table depth0 add c text;
+NOTICE:  merging definition of column "c" for child "depth1"
+select attrelid::regclass, attname, attinhcount, attislocal
+from pg_attribute
+where attnum > 0 and attrelid::regclass in ('depth0', 'depth1', 'depth2')
+order by attrelid::regclass::text, attnum;
+ attrelid | attname | attinhcount | attislocal 
+----------+---------+-------------+------------
+ depth0   | c       |           0 | t
+ depth1   | c       |           1 | t
+ depth2   | c       |           1 | f
+(3 rows)
+
+-- test renumbering of child-table columns in inherited operations
+create table p1 (f1 int);
+create table c1 (f2 text, f3 int) inherits (p1);
+alter table p1 add column a1 int check (a1 > 0);
+alter table p1 add column f2 text;
+NOTICE:  merging definition of column "f2" for child "c1"
+insert into p1 values (1,2,'abc');
+insert into c1 values(11,'xyz',33,0); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row for relation "c1" violates check constraint "p1_a1_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (11, xyz, 33, 0).
+insert into c1 values(11,'xyz',33,22);
+select * from p1;
+ f1 | a1 | f2  
+----+----+-----
+  1 |  2 | abc
+ 11 | 22 | xyz
+(2 rows)
+
+update p1 set a1 = a1 + 1, f2 = upper(f2);
+select * from p1;
+ f1 | a1 | f2  
+----+----+-----
+  1 |  3 | ABC
+ 11 | 23 | XYZ
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table p1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table c1
+-- test that operations with a dropped column do not try to reference
+-- its datatype
+create domain mytype as text;
+create temp table foo (f1 text, f2 mytype, f3 text);
+insert into foo values('bb','cc','dd');
+select * from foo;
+ f1 | f2 | f3 
+----+----+----
+ bb | cc | dd
+(1 row)
+
+drop domain mytype cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to column f2 of table foo
+select * from foo;
+ f1 | f3 
+----+----
+ bb | dd
+(1 row)
+
+insert into foo values('qq','rr');
+select * from foo;
+ f1 | f3 
+----+----
+ bb | dd
+ qq | rr
+(2 rows)
+
+update foo set f3 = 'zz';
+select * from foo;
+ f1 | f3 
+----+----
+ bb | zz
+ qq | zz
+(2 rows)
+
+select f3,max(f1) from foo group by f3;
+ f3 | max 
+----+-----
+ zz | qq
+(1 row)
+
+-- Simple tests for alter table column type
+alter table foo alter f1 TYPE integer; -- fails
+ERROR:  column "f1" cannot be cast automatically to type integer
+HINT:  You might need to specify "USING f1::integer".
+alter table foo alter f1 TYPE varchar(10);
+create table anothertab (atcol1 serial8, atcol2 boolean,
+	constraint anothertab_chk check (atcol1 <= 3));
+insert into anothertab (atcol1, atcol2) values (default, true);
+insert into anothertab (atcol1, atcol2) values (default, false);
+select * from anothertab;
+ atcol1 | atcol2 
+--------+--------
+      1 | t
+      2 | f
+(2 rows)
+
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type boolean; -- fails
+ERROR:  column "atcol1" cannot be cast automatically to type boolean
+HINT:  You might need to specify "USING atcol1::boolean".
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type boolean using atcol1::int; -- fails
+ERROR:  result of USING clause for column "atcol1" cannot be cast automatically to type boolean
+HINT:  You might need to add an explicit cast.
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type integer;
+select * from anothertab;
+ atcol1 | atcol2 
+--------+--------
+      1 | t
+      2 | f
+(2 rows)
+
+insert into anothertab (atcol1, atcol2) values (45, null); -- fails
+ERROR:  new row for relation "anothertab" violates check constraint "anothertab_chk"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (45, null).
+insert into anothertab (atcol1, atcol2) values (default, null);
+select * from anothertab;
+ atcol1 | atcol2 
+--------+--------
+      1 | t
+      2 | f
+      3 | 
+(3 rows)
+
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol2 type text
+      using case when atcol2 is true then 'IT WAS TRUE'
+                 when atcol2 is false then 'IT WAS FALSE'
+                 else 'IT WAS NULL!' end;
+select * from anothertab;
+ atcol1 |    atcol2    
+--------+--------------
+      1 | IT WAS TRUE
+      2 | IT WAS FALSE
+      3 | IT WAS NULL!
+(3 rows)
+
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type boolean
+        using case when atcol1 % 2 = 0 then true else false end; -- fails
+ERROR:  default for column "atcol1" cannot be cast automatically to type boolean
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 drop default;
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type boolean
+        using case when atcol1 % 2 = 0 then true else false end; -- fails
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: boolean <= integer
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+alter table anothertab drop constraint anothertab_chk;
+alter table anothertab drop constraint anothertab_chk; -- fails
+ERROR:  constraint "anothertab_chk" of relation "anothertab" does not exist
+alter table anothertab drop constraint IF EXISTS anothertab_chk; -- succeeds
+NOTICE:  constraint "anothertab_chk" of relation "anothertab" does not exist, skipping
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type boolean
+        using case when atcol1 % 2 = 0 then true else false end;
+select * from anothertab;
+ atcol1 |    atcol2    
+--------+--------------
+ f      | IT WAS TRUE
+ t      | IT WAS FALSE
+ f      | IT WAS NULL!
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table anothertab;
+-- Test index handling in alter table column type (cf. bugs #15835, #15865)
+create table anothertab(f1 int primary key, f2 int unique,
+                        f3 int, f4 int, f5 int);
+alter table anothertab
+  add exclude using btree (f3 with =);
+alter table anothertab
+  add exclude using btree (f4 with =) where (f4 is not null);
+alter table anothertab
+  add exclude using btree (f4 with =) where (f5 > 0);
+alter table anothertab
+  add unique(f1,f4);
+create index on anothertab(f2,f3);
+create unique index on anothertab(f4);
+\d anothertab
+             Table "public.anothertab"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | integer |           | not null | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          | 
+ f3     | integer |           |          | 
+ f4     | integer |           |          | 
+ f5     | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "anothertab_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (f1)
+    "anothertab_f1_f4_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (f1, f4)
+    "anothertab_f2_f3_idx" btree (f2, f3)
+    "anothertab_f2_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (f2)
+    "anothertab_f3_excl" EXCLUDE USING btree (f3 WITH =)
+    "anothertab_f4_excl" EXCLUDE USING btree (f4 WITH =) WHERE (f4 IS NOT NULL)
+    "anothertab_f4_excl1" EXCLUDE USING btree (f4 WITH =) WHERE (f5 > 0)
+    "anothertab_f4_idx" UNIQUE, btree (f4)
+
+alter table anothertab alter column f1 type bigint;
+alter table anothertab
+  alter column f2 type bigint,
+  alter column f3 type bigint,
+  alter column f4 type bigint;
+alter table anothertab alter column f5 type bigint;
+\d anothertab
+            Table "public.anothertab"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | bigint |           | not null | 
+ f2     | bigint |           |          | 
+ f3     | bigint |           |          | 
+ f4     | bigint |           |          | 
+ f5     | bigint |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "anothertab_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (f1)
+    "anothertab_f1_f4_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (f1, f4)
+    "anothertab_f2_f3_idx" btree (f2, f3)
+    "anothertab_f2_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (f2)
+    "anothertab_f3_excl" EXCLUDE USING btree (f3 WITH =)
+    "anothertab_f4_excl" EXCLUDE USING btree (f4 WITH =) WHERE (f4 IS NOT NULL)
+    "anothertab_f4_excl1" EXCLUDE USING btree (f4 WITH =) WHERE (f5 > 0)
+    "anothertab_f4_idx" UNIQUE, btree (f4)
+
+drop table anothertab;
+-- test that USING expressions are parsed before column alter type / drop steps
+create table another (f1 int, f2 text, f3 text);
+insert into another values(1, 'one', 'uno');
+insert into another values(2, 'two', 'due');
+insert into another values(3, 'three', 'tre');
+select * from another;
+ f1 |  f2   | f3  
+----+-------+-----
+  1 | one   | uno
+  2 | two   | due
+  3 | three | tre
+(3 rows)
+
+alter table another
+  alter f1 type text using f2 || ' and ' || f3 || ' more',
+  alter f2 type bigint using f1 * 10,
+  drop column f3;
+select * from another;
+         f1         | f2 
+--------------------+----
+ one and uno more   | 10
+ two and due more   | 20
+ three and tre more | 30
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table another;
+-- Create an index that skips WAL, then perform a SET DATA TYPE that skips
+-- rewriting the index.
+begin;
+create table skip_wal_skip_rewrite_index (c varchar(10) primary key);
+alter table skip_wal_skip_rewrite_index alter c type varchar(20);
+commit;
+-- We disallow changing table's row type if it's used for storage
+create table at_tab1 (a int, b text);
+create table at_tab2 (x int, y at_tab1);
+alter table at_tab1 alter column b type varchar; -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot alter table "at_tab1" because column "at_tab2.y" uses its row type
+drop table at_tab2;
+-- Use of row type in an expression is defended differently
+create table at_tab2 (x int, y text, check((x,y)::at_tab1 = (1,'42')::at_tab1));
+alter table at_tab1 alter column b type varchar; -- allowed, but ...
+insert into at_tab2 values(1,'42'); -- ... this will fail
+ERROR:  ROW() column has type text instead of type character varying
+drop table at_tab1, at_tab2;
+-- Check it for a partitioned table, too
+create table at_tab1 (a int, b text) partition by list(a);
+create table at_tab2 (x int, y at_tab1);
+alter table at_tab1 alter column b type varchar; -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot alter table "at_tab1" because column "at_tab2.y" uses its row type
+drop table at_tab1, at_tab2;
+-- Alter column type that's part of a partitioned index
+create table at_partitioned (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table at_part_1 partition of at_partitioned for values from (0) to (1000);
+insert into at_partitioned values (512, '0.123');
+create table at_part_2 (b text, a int);
+insert into at_part_2 values ('1.234', 1024);
+create index on at_partitioned (b);
+create index on at_partitioned (a);
+\d at_part_1
+             Table "public.at_part_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    |           |          | 
+Partition of: at_partitioned FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000)
+Indexes:
+    "at_part_1_a_idx" btree (a)
+    "at_part_1_b_idx" btree (b)
+
+\d at_part_2
+             Table "public.at_part_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ b      | text    |           |          | 
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+
+alter table at_partitioned attach partition at_part_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+\d at_part_2
+             Table "public.at_part_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ b      | text    |           |          | 
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: at_partitioned FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000)
+Indexes:
+    "at_part_2_a_idx" btree (a)
+    "at_part_2_b_idx" btree (b)
+
+alter table at_partitioned alter column b type numeric using b::numeric;
+\d at_part_1
+             Table "public.at_part_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | numeric |           |          | 
+Partition of: at_partitioned FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000)
+Indexes:
+    "at_part_1_a_idx" btree (a)
+    "at_part_1_b_idx" btree (b)
+
+\d at_part_2
+             Table "public.at_part_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ b      | numeric |           |          | 
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: at_partitioned FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000)
+Indexes:
+    "at_part_2_a_idx" btree (a)
+    "at_part_2_b_idx" btree (b)
+
+drop table at_partitioned;
+-- Alter column type when no table rewrite is required
+-- Also check that comments are preserved
+create table at_partitioned(id int, name varchar(64), unique (id, name))
+  partition by hash(id);
+comment on constraint at_partitioned_id_name_key on at_partitioned is 'parent constraint';
+comment on index at_partitioned_id_name_key is 'parent index';
+create table at_partitioned_0 partition of at_partitioned
+  for values with (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+comment on constraint at_partitioned_0_id_name_key on at_partitioned_0 is 'child 0 constraint';
+comment on index at_partitioned_0_id_name_key is 'child 0 index';
+create table at_partitioned_1 partition of at_partitioned
+  for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+comment on constraint at_partitioned_1_id_name_key on at_partitioned_1 is 'child 1 constraint';
+comment on index at_partitioned_1_id_name_key is 'child 1 index';
+insert into at_partitioned values(1, 'foo');
+insert into at_partitioned values(3, 'bar');
+create temp table old_oids as
+  select relname, oid as oldoid, relfilenode as oldfilenode
+  from pg_class where relname like 'at_partitioned%';
+select relname,
+  c.oid = oldoid as orig_oid,
+  case relfilenode
+    when 0 then 'none'
+    when c.oid then 'own'
+    when oldfilenode then 'orig'
+    else 'OTHER'
+    end as storage,
+  obj_description(c.oid, 'pg_class') as desc
+  from pg_class c left join old_oids using (relname)
+  where relname like 'at_partitioned%'
+  order by relname;
+           relname            | orig_oid | storage |     desc      
+------------------------------+----------+---------+---------------
+ at_partitioned               | t        | none    | 
+ at_partitioned_0             | t        | own     | 
+ at_partitioned_0_id_name_key | t        | own     | child 0 index
+ at_partitioned_1             | t        | own     | 
+ at_partitioned_1_id_name_key | t        | own     | child 1 index
+ at_partitioned_id_name_key   | t        | none    | parent index
+(6 rows)
+
+select conname, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') as desc
+  from pg_constraint where conname like 'at_partitioned%'
+  order by conname;
+           conname            |        desc        
+------------------------------+--------------------
+ at_partitioned_0_id_name_key | child 0 constraint
+ at_partitioned_1_id_name_key | child 1 constraint
+ at_partitioned_id_name_key   | parent constraint
+(3 rows)
+
+alter table at_partitioned alter column name type varchar(127);
+-- Note: these tests currently show the wrong behavior for comments :-(
+select relname,
+  c.oid = oldoid as orig_oid,
+  case relfilenode
+    when 0 then 'none'
+    when c.oid then 'own'
+    when oldfilenode then 'orig'
+    else 'OTHER'
+    end as storage,
+  obj_description(c.oid, 'pg_class') as desc
+  from pg_class c left join old_oids using (relname)
+  where relname like 'at_partitioned%'
+  order by relname;
+           relname            | orig_oid | storage |     desc     
+------------------------------+----------+---------+--------------
+ at_partitioned               | t        | none    | 
+ at_partitioned_0             | t        | own     | 
+ at_partitioned_0_id_name_key | f        | own     | parent index
+ at_partitioned_1             | t        | own     | 
+ at_partitioned_1_id_name_key | f        | own     | parent index
+ at_partitioned_id_name_key   | f        | none    | parent index
+(6 rows)
+
+select conname, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') as desc
+  from pg_constraint where conname like 'at_partitioned%'
+  order by conname;
+           conname            |       desc        
+------------------------------+-------------------
+ at_partitioned_0_id_name_key | 
+ at_partitioned_1_id_name_key | 
+ at_partitioned_id_name_key   | parent constraint
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Don't remove this DROP, it exposes bug #15672
+drop table at_partitioned;
+-- disallow recursive containment of row types
+create temp table recur1 (f1 int);
+alter table recur1 add column f2 recur1; -- fails
+ERROR:  composite type recur1 cannot be made a member of itself
+alter table recur1 add column f2 recur1[]; -- fails
+ERROR:  composite type recur1 cannot be made a member of itself
+create domain array_of_recur1 as recur1[];
+alter table recur1 add column f2 array_of_recur1; -- fails
+ERROR:  composite type recur1 cannot be made a member of itself
+create temp table recur2 (f1 int, f2 recur1);
+alter table recur1 add column f2 recur2; -- fails
+ERROR:  composite type recur1 cannot be made a member of itself
+alter table recur1 add column f2 int;
+alter table recur1 alter column f2 type recur2; -- fails
+ERROR:  composite type recur1 cannot be made a member of itself
+-- SET STORAGE may need to add a TOAST table
+create table test_storage (a text);
+select reltoastrelid <> 0 as has_toast_table
+  from pg_class where oid = 'test_storage'::regclass;
+ has_toast_table 
+-----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+alter table test_storage alter a set storage plain;
+-- rewrite table to remove its TOAST table; need a non-constant column default
+alter table test_storage add b int default random()::int;
+select reltoastrelid <> 0 as has_toast_table
+  from pg_class where oid = 'test_storage'::regclass;
+ has_toast_table 
+-----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+alter table test_storage alter a set storage extended; -- re-add TOAST table
+select reltoastrelid <> 0 as has_toast_table
+  from pg_class where oid = 'test_storage'::regclass;
+ has_toast_table 
+-----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- test that SET STORAGE propagates to index correctly
+create index test_storage_idx on test_storage (b, a);
+alter table test_storage alter column a set storage external;
+\d+ test_storage
+                                     Table "public.test_storage"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |      Default      | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |                   | external |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | random()::integer | plain    |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_storage_idx" btree (b, a)
+
+\d+ test_storage_idx
+                Index "public.test_storage_idx"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition | Storage  | Stats target 
+--------+---------+------+------------+----------+--------------
+ b      | integer | yes  | b          | plain    | 
+ a      | text    | yes  | a          | external | 
+btree, for table "public.test_storage"
+
+-- ALTER COLUMN TYPE with a check constraint and a child table (bug #13779)
+CREATE TABLE test_inh_check (a float check (a > 10.2), b float);
+CREATE TABLE test_inh_check_child() INHERITS(test_inh_check);
+\d test_inh_check
+               Table "public.test_inh_check"
+ Column |       Type       | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | double precision |           |          | 
+ b      | double precision |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "test_inh_check_a_check" CHECK (a > 10.2::double precision)
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d test_inh_check_child
+            Table "public.test_inh_check_child"
+ Column |       Type       | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | double precision |           |          | 
+ b      | double precision |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "test_inh_check_a_check" CHECK (a > 10.2::double precision)
+Inherits: test_inh_check
+
+select relname, conname, coninhcount, conislocal, connoinherit
+  from pg_constraint c, pg_class r
+  where relname like 'test_inh_check%' and c.conrelid = r.oid
+  order by 1, 2;
+       relname        |        conname         | coninhcount | conislocal | connoinherit 
+----------------------+------------------------+-------------+------------+--------------
+ test_inh_check       | test_inh_check_a_check |           0 | t          | f
+ test_inh_check_child | test_inh_check_a_check |           1 | f          | f
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check ALTER COLUMN a TYPE numeric;
+\d test_inh_check
+               Table "public.test_inh_check"
+ Column |       Type       | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | numeric          |           |          | 
+ b      | double precision |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "test_inh_check_a_check" CHECK (a::double precision > 10.2::double precision)
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d test_inh_check_child
+            Table "public.test_inh_check_child"
+ Column |       Type       | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | numeric          |           |          | 
+ b      | double precision |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "test_inh_check_a_check" CHECK (a::double precision > 10.2::double precision)
+Inherits: test_inh_check
+
+select relname, conname, coninhcount, conislocal, connoinherit
+  from pg_constraint c, pg_class r
+  where relname like 'test_inh_check%' and c.conrelid = r.oid
+  order by 1, 2;
+       relname        |        conname         | coninhcount | conislocal | connoinherit 
+----------------------+------------------------+-------------+------------+--------------
+ test_inh_check       | test_inh_check_a_check |           0 | t          | f
+ test_inh_check_child | test_inh_check_a_check |           1 | f          | f
+(2 rows)
+
+-- also try noinherit, local, and local+inherited cases
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check ADD CONSTRAINT bnoinherit CHECK (b > 100) NO INHERIT;
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check_child ADD CONSTRAINT blocal CHECK (b < 1000);
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check_child ADD CONSTRAINT bmerged CHECK (b > 1);
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check ADD CONSTRAINT bmerged CHECK (b > 1);
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "bmerged" with inherited definition
+\d test_inh_check
+               Table "public.test_inh_check"
+ Column |       Type       | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | numeric          |           |          | 
+ b      | double precision |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "bmerged" CHECK (b > 1::double precision)
+    "bnoinherit" CHECK (b > 100::double precision) NO INHERIT
+    "test_inh_check_a_check" CHECK (a::double precision > 10.2::double precision)
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d test_inh_check_child
+            Table "public.test_inh_check_child"
+ Column |       Type       | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | numeric          |           |          | 
+ b      | double precision |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "blocal" CHECK (b < 1000::double precision)
+    "bmerged" CHECK (b > 1::double precision)
+    "test_inh_check_a_check" CHECK (a::double precision > 10.2::double precision)
+Inherits: test_inh_check
+
+select relname, conname, coninhcount, conislocal, connoinherit
+  from pg_constraint c, pg_class r
+  where relname like 'test_inh_check%' and c.conrelid = r.oid
+  order by 1, 2;
+       relname        |        conname         | coninhcount | conislocal | connoinherit 
+----------------------+------------------------+-------------+------------+--------------
+ test_inh_check       | bmerged                |           0 | t          | f
+ test_inh_check       | bnoinherit             |           0 | t          | t
+ test_inh_check       | test_inh_check_a_check |           0 | t          | f
+ test_inh_check_child | blocal                 |           0 | t          | f
+ test_inh_check_child | bmerged                |           1 | t          | f
+ test_inh_check_child | test_inh_check_a_check |           1 | f          | f
+(6 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check ALTER COLUMN b TYPE numeric;
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "bmerged" with inherited definition
+\d test_inh_check
+           Table "public.test_inh_check"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | numeric |           |          | 
+ b      | numeric |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "bmerged" CHECK (b::double precision > 1::double precision)
+    "bnoinherit" CHECK (b::double precision > 100::double precision) NO INHERIT
+    "test_inh_check_a_check" CHECK (a::double precision > 10.2::double precision)
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d test_inh_check_child
+        Table "public.test_inh_check_child"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | numeric |           |          | 
+ b      | numeric |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "blocal" CHECK (b::double precision < 1000::double precision)
+    "bmerged" CHECK (b::double precision > 1::double precision)
+    "test_inh_check_a_check" CHECK (a::double precision > 10.2::double precision)
+Inherits: test_inh_check
+
+select relname, conname, coninhcount, conislocal, connoinherit
+  from pg_constraint c, pg_class r
+  where relname like 'test_inh_check%' and c.conrelid = r.oid
+  order by 1, 2;
+       relname        |        conname         | coninhcount | conislocal | connoinherit 
+----------------------+------------------------+-------------+------------+--------------
+ test_inh_check       | bmerged                |           0 | t          | f
+ test_inh_check       | bnoinherit             |           0 | t          | t
+ test_inh_check       | test_inh_check_a_check |           0 | t          | f
+ test_inh_check_child | blocal                 |           0 | t          | f
+ test_inh_check_child | bmerged                |           1 | t          | f
+ test_inh_check_child | test_inh_check_a_check |           1 | f          | f
+(6 rows)
+
+-- ALTER COLUMN TYPE with different schema in children
+-- Bug at https://postgr.es/m/20170102225618.GA10071@telsasoft.com
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff (f1 int);
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff_c (extra smallint) INHERITS (test_type_diff);
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff ADD COLUMN f2 int;
+INSERT INTO test_type_diff_c VALUES (1, 2, 3);
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff ALTER COLUMN f2 TYPE bigint USING f2::bigint;
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff2 (int_two int2, int_four int4, int_eight int8);
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff2_c1 (int_four int4, int_eight int8, int_two int2);
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff2_c2 (int_eight int8, int_two int2, int_four int4);
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff2_c3 (int_two int2, int_four int4, int_eight int8);
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff2_c1 INHERIT test_type_diff2;
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff2_c2 INHERIT test_type_diff2;
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff2_c3 INHERIT test_type_diff2;
+INSERT INTO test_type_diff2_c1 VALUES (1, 2, 3);
+INSERT INTO test_type_diff2_c2 VALUES (4, 5, 6);
+INSERT INTO test_type_diff2_c3 VALUES (7, 8, 9);
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff2 ALTER COLUMN int_four TYPE int8 USING int_four::int8;
+-- whole-row references are disallowed
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff2 ALTER COLUMN int_four TYPE int4 USING (pg_column_size(test_type_diff2));
+ERROR:  cannot convert whole-row table reference
+DETAIL:  USING expression contains a whole-row table reference.
+-- check for rollback of ANALYZE corrupting table property flags (bug #11638)
+CREATE TABLE check_fk_presence_1 (id int PRIMARY KEY, t text);
+CREATE TABLE check_fk_presence_2 (id int REFERENCES check_fk_presence_1, t text);
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE check_fk_presence_2 DROP CONSTRAINT check_fk_presence_2_id_fkey;
+ANALYZE check_fk_presence_2;
+ROLLBACK;
+\d check_fk_presence_2
+        Table "public.check_fk_presence_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           |          | 
+ t      | text    |           |          | 
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "check_fk_presence_2_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES check_fk_presence_1(id)
+
+DROP TABLE check_fk_presence_1, check_fk_presence_2;
+-- check column addition within a view (bug #14876)
+create table at_base_table(id int, stuff text);
+insert into at_base_table values (23, 'skidoo');
+create view at_view_1 as select * from at_base_table bt;
+create view at_view_2 as select *, to_json(v1) as j from at_view_1 v1;
+\d+ at_view_1
+                          View "public.at_view_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ stuff  | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT bt.id,
+    bt.stuff
+   FROM at_base_table bt;
+
+\d+ at_view_2
+                          View "public.at_view_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ stuff  | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+ j      | json    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT v1.id,
+    v1.stuff,
+    to_json(v1.*) AS j
+   FROM at_view_1 v1;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from at_view_2;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.at_base_table bt
+   Output: bt.id, bt.stuff, to_json(ROW(bt.id, bt.stuff))
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from at_view_2;
+ id | stuff  |             j              
+----+--------+----------------------------
+ 23 | skidoo | {"id":23,"stuff":"skidoo"}
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace view at_view_1 as select *, 2+2 as more from at_base_table bt;
+\d+ at_view_1
+                          View "public.at_view_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ stuff  | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+ more   | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT bt.id,
+    bt.stuff,
+    2 + 2 AS more
+   FROM at_base_table bt;
+
+\d+ at_view_2
+                          View "public.at_view_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ stuff  | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+ j      | json    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT v1.id,
+    v1.stuff,
+    to_json(v1.*) AS j
+   FROM at_view_1 v1;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from at_view_2;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.at_base_table bt
+   Output: bt.id, bt.stuff, to_json(ROW(bt.id, bt.stuff, 4))
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from at_view_2;
+ id | stuff  |                  j                  
+----+--------+-------------------------------------
+ 23 | skidoo | {"id":23,"stuff":"skidoo","more":4}
+(1 row)
+
+drop view at_view_2;
+drop view at_view_1;
+drop table at_base_table;
+-- related case (bug #17811)
+begin;
+create temp table t1 as select * from int8_tbl;
+create temp view v1 as select 1::int8 as q1;
+create temp view v2 as select * from v1;
+create or replace temp view v1 with (security_barrier = true)
+  as select * from t1;
+create temp table log (q1 int8, q2 int8);
+create rule v1_upd_rule as on update to v1
+  do also insert into log values (new.*);
+update v2 set q1 = q1 + 1 where q1 = 123;
+select * from t1;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+              124 |               456
+              124 |  4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from log;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 124 |              456
+ 124 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+rollback;
+-- check adding a column not itself requiring a rewrite, together with
+-- a column requiring a default (bug #16038)
+-- ensure that rewrites aren't silently optimized away, removing the
+-- value of the test
+CREATE FUNCTION check_ddl_rewrite(p_tablename regclass, p_ddl text)
+RETURNS boolean
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+DECLARE
+    v_relfilenode oid;
+BEGIN
+    v_relfilenode := relfilenode FROM pg_class WHERE oid = p_tablename;
+
+    EXECUTE p_ddl;
+
+    RETURN v_relfilenode <> (SELECT relfilenode FROM pg_class WHERE oid = p_tablename);
+END;
+$$;
+CREATE TABLE rewrite_test(col text);
+INSERT INTO rewrite_test VALUES ('something');
+INSERT INTO rewrite_test VALUES (NULL);
+-- empty[12] don't need rewrite, but notempty[12]_rewrite will force one
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+  ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+      ADD COLUMN empty1 text,
+      ADD COLUMN notempty1_rewrite serial;
+$$);
+ check_ddl_rewrite 
+-------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+    ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+        ADD COLUMN notempty2_rewrite serial,
+        ADD COLUMN empty2 text;
+$$);
+ check_ddl_rewrite 
+-------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- also check that fast defaults cause no problem, first without rewrite
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+    ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+        ADD COLUMN empty3 text,
+        ADD COLUMN notempty3_norewrite int default 42;
+$$);
+ check_ddl_rewrite 
+-------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+    ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+        ADD COLUMN notempty4_norewrite int default 42,
+        ADD COLUMN empty4 text;
+$$);
+ check_ddl_rewrite 
+-------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- then with rewrite
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+    ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+        ADD COLUMN empty5 text,
+        ADD COLUMN notempty5_norewrite int default 42,
+        ADD COLUMN notempty5_rewrite serial;
+$$);
+ check_ddl_rewrite 
+-------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+    ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+        ADD COLUMN notempty6_rewrite serial,
+        ADD COLUMN empty6 text,
+        ADD COLUMN notempty6_norewrite int default 42;
+$$);
+ check_ddl_rewrite 
+-------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FUNCTION check_ddl_rewrite(regclass, text);
+DROP TABLE rewrite_test;
+--
+-- lock levels
+--
+drop type lockmodes;
+ERROR:  type "lockmodes" does not exist
+create type lockmodes as enum (
+ 'SIReadLock'
+,'AccessShareLock'
+,'RowShareLock'
+,'RowExclusiveLock'
+,'ShareUpdateExclusiveLock'
+,'ShareLock'
+,'ShareRowExclusiveLock'
+,'ExclusiveLock'
+,'AccessExclusiveLock'
+);
+drop view my_locks;
+ERROR:  view "my_locks" does not exist
+create or replace view my_locks as
+select case when c.relname like 'pg_toast%' then 'pg_toast' else c.relname end, max(mode::lockmodes) as max_lockmode
+from pg_locks l join pg_class c on l.relation = c.oid
+where virtualtransaction = (
+        select virtualtransaction
+        from pg_locks
+        where transactionid = pg_current_xact_id()::xid)
+and locktype = 'relation'
+and relnamespace != (select oid from pg_namespace where nspname = 'pg_catalog')
+and c.relname != 'my_locks'
+group by c.relname;
+create table alterlock (f1 int primary key, f2 text);
+insert into alterlock values (1, 'foo');
+create table alterlock2 (f3 int primary key, f1 int);
+insert into alterlock2 values (1, 1);
+begin; alter table alterlock alter column f2 set statistics 150;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname  |       max_lockmode       
+-----------+--------------------------
+ alterlock | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+begin; alter table alterlock cluster on alterlock_pkey;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+    relname     |       max_lockmode       
+----------------+--------------------------
+ alterlock      | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+ alterlock_pkey | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+(2 rows)
+
+commit;
+begin; alter table alterlock set without cluster;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname  |       max_lockmode       
+-----------+--------------------------
+ alterlock | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+(1 row)
+
+commit;
+begin; alter table alterlock set (fillfactor = 100);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname  |       max_lockmode       
+-----------+--------------------------
+ alterlock | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+ pg_toast  | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+(2 rows)
+
+commit;
+begin; alter table alterlock reset (fillfactor);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname  |       max_lockmode       
+-----------+--------------------------
+ alterlock | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+ pg_toast  | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+(2 rows)
+
+commit;
+begin; alter table alterlock set (toast.autovacuum_enabled = off);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname  |       max_lockmode       
+-----------+--------------------------
+ alterlock | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+ pg_toast  | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+(2 rows)
+
+commit;
+begin; alter table alterlock set (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname  |       max_lockmode       
+-----------+--------------------------
+ alterlock | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+ pg_toast  | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+(2 rows)
+
+commit;
+begin; alter table alterlock alter column f2 set (n_distinct = 1);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname  |       max_lockmode       
+-----------+--------------------------
+ alterlock | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+-- test that mixing options with different lock levels works as expected
+begin; alter table alterlock set (autovacuum_enabled = off, fillfactor = 80);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname  |       max_lockmode       
+-----------+--------------------------
+ alterlock | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+ pg_toast  | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+(2 rows)
+
+commit;
+begin; alter table alterlock alter column f2 set storage extended;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname  |    max_lockmode     
+-----------+---------------------
+ alterlock | AccessExclusiveLock
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+begin; alter table alterlock alter column f2 set default 'x';
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname  |    max_lockmode     
+-----------+---------------------
+ alterlock | AccessExclusiveLock
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+begin;
+create trigger ttdummy
+	before delete or update on alterlock
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	ttdummy (1, 1);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname  |     max_lockmode      
+-----------+-----------------------
+ alterlock | ShareRowExclusiveLock
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+begin;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+ relname | max_lockmode 
+---------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+alter table alterlock2 add foreign key (f1) references alterlock (f1);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+     relname     |     max_lockmode      
+-----------------+-----------------------
+ alterlock       | ShareRowExclusiveLock
+ alterlock2      | ShareRowExclusiveLock
+ alterlock2_pkey | AccessShareLock
+ alterlock_pkey  | AccessShareLock
+(4 rows)
+
+rollback;
+begin;
+alter table alterlock2
+add constraint alterlock2nv foreign key (f1) references alterlock (f1) NOT VALID;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+  relname   |     max_lockmode      
+------------+-----------------------
+ alterlock  | ShareRowExclusiveLock
+ alterlock2 | ShareRowExclusiveLock
+(2 rows)
+
+commit;
+begin;
+alter table alterlock2 validate constraint alterlock2nv;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+     relname     |       max_lockmode       
+-----------------+--------------------------
+ alterlock       | RowShareLock
+ alterlock2      | ShareUpdateExclusiveLock
+ alterlock2_pkey | AccessShareLock
+ alterlock_pkey  | AccessShareLock
+(4 rows)
+
+rollback;
+create or replace view my_locks as
+select case when c.relname like 'pg_toast%' then 'pg_toast' else c.relname end, max(mode::lockmodes) as max_lockmode
+from pg_locks l join pg_class c on l.relation = c.oid
+where virtualtransaction = (
+        select virtualtransaction
+        from pg_locks
+        where transactionid = pg_current_xact_id()::xid)
+and locktype = 'relation'
+and relnamespace != (select oid from pg_namespace where nspname = 'pg_catalog')
+and c.relname = 'my_locks'
+group by c.relname;
+-- raise exception
+alter table my_locks set (autovacuum_enabled = false);
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "autovacuum_enabled"
+alter view my_locks set (autovacuum_enabled = false);
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "autovacuum_enabled"
+alter table my_locks reset (autovacuum_enabled);
+alter view my_locks reset (autovacuum_enabled);
+begin;
+alter view my_locks set (security_barrier=off);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+ relname  |    max_lockmode     
+----------+---------------------
+ my_locks | AccessExclusiveLock
+(1 row)
+
+alter view my_locks reset (security_barrier);
+rollback;
+-- this test intentionally applies the ALTER TABLE command against a view, but
+-- uses a view option so we expect this to succeed. This form of SQL is
+-- accepted for historical reasons, as shown in the docs for ALTER VIEW
+begin;
+alter table my_locks set (security_barrier=off);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+ relname  |    max_lockmode     
+----------+---------------------
+ my_locks | AccessExclusiveLock
+(1 row)
+
+alter table my_locks reset (security_barrier);
+rollback;
+-- cleanup
+drop table alterlock2;
+drop table alterlock;
+drop view my_locks;
+drop type lockmodes;
+--
+-- alter function
+--
+create function test_strict(text) returns text as
+    'select coalesce($1, ''got passed a null'');'
+    language sql returns null on null input;
+select test_strict(NULL);
+ test_strict 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+alter function test_strict(text) called on null input;
+select test_strict(NULL);
+    test_strict    
+-------------------
+ got passed a null
+(1 row)
+
+create function non_strict(text) returns text as
+    'select coalesce($1, ''got passed a null'');'
+    language sql called on null input;
+select non_strict(NULL);
+    non_strict     
+-------------------
+ got passed a null
+(1 row)
+
+alter function non_strict(text) returns null on null input;
+select non_strict(NULL);
+ non_strict 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- alter object set schema
+--
+create schema alter1;
+create schema alter2;
+create table alter1.t1(f1 serial primary key, f2 int check (f2 > 0));
+create view alter1.v1 as select * from alter1.t1;
+create function alter1.plus1(int) returns int as 'select $1+1' language sql;
+create domain alter1.posint integer check (value > 0);
+create type alter1.ctype as (f1 int, f2 text);
+create function alter1.same(alter1.ctype, alter1.ctype) returns boolean language sql
+as 'select $1.f1 is not distinct from $2.f1 and $1.f2 is not distinct from $2.f2';
+create operator alter1.=(procedure = alter1.same, leftarg  = alter1.ctype, rightarg = alter1.ctype);
+create operator class alter1.ctype_hash_ops default for type alter1.ctype using hash as
+  operator 1 alter1.=(alter1.ctype, alter1.ctype);
+create conversion alter1.latin1_to_utf8 for 'latin1' to 'utf8' from iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+create text search parser alter1.prs(start = prsd_start, gettoken = prsd_nexttoken, end = prsd_end, lextypes = prsd_lextype);
+create text search configuration alter1.cfg(parser = alter1.prs);
+create text search template alter1.tmpl(init = dsimple_init, lexize = dsimple_lexize);
+create text search dictionary alter1.dict(template = alter1.tmpl);
+insert into alter1.t1(f2) values(11);
+insert into alter1.t1(f2) values(12);
+alter table alter1.t1 set schema alter1; -- no-op, same schema
+alter table alter1.t1 set schema alter2;
+alter table alter1.v1 set schema alter2;
+alter function alter1.plus1(int) set schema alter2;
+alter domain alter1.posint set schema alter2;
+alter operator class alter1.ctype_hash_ops using hash set schema alter2;
+alter operator family alter1.ctype_hash_ops using hash set schema alter2;
+alter operator alter1.=(alter1.ctype, alter1.ctype) set schema alter2;
+alter function alter1.same(alter1.ctype, alter1.ctype) set schema alter2;
+alter type alter1.ctype set schema alter1; -- no-op, same schema
+alter type alter1.ctype set schema alter2;
+alter conversion alter1.latin1_to_utf8 set schema alter2;
+alter text search parser alter1.prs set schema alter2;
+alter text search configuration alter1.cfg set schema alter2;
+alter text search template alter1.tmpl set schema alter2;
+alter text search dictionary alter1.dict set schema alter2;
+-- this should succeed because nothing is left in alter1
+drop schema alter1;
+insert into alter2.t1(f2) values(13);
+insert into alter2.t1(f2) values(14);
+select * from alter2.t1;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 | 11
+  2 | 12
+  3 | 13
+  4 | 14
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from alter2.v1;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 | 11
+  2 | 12
+  3 | 13
+  4 | 14
+(4 rows)
+
+select alter2.plus1(41);
+ plus1 
+-------
+    42
+(1 row)
+
+-- clean up
+drop schema alter2 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 13 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table alter2.t1
+drop cascades to view alter2.v1
+drop cascades to function alter2.plus1(integer)
+drop cascades to type alter2.posint
+drop cascades to type alter2.ctype
+drop cascades to function alter2.same(alter2.ctype,alter2.ctype)
+drop cascades to operator alter2.=(alter2.ctype,alter2.ctype)
+drop cascades to operator family alter2.ctype_hash_ops for access method hash
+drop cascades to conversion alter2.latin1_to_utf8
+drop cascades to text search parser alter2.prs
+drop cascades to text search configuration alter2.cfg
+drop cascades to text search template alter2.tmpl
+drop cascades to text search dictionary alter2.dict
+--
+-- composite types
+--
+CREATE TYPE test_type AS (a int);
+\d test_type
+         Composite type "public.test_type"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TYPE nosuchtype ADD ATTRIBUTE b text; -- fails
+ERROR:  relation "nosuchtype" does not exist
+ALTER TYPE test_type ADD ATTRIBUTE b text;
+\d test_type
+         Composite type "public.test_type"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type ADD ATTRIBUTE b text; -- fails
+ERROR:  column "b" of relation "test_type" already exists
+ALTER TYPE test_type ALTER ATTRIBUTE b SET DATA TYPE varchar;
+\d test_type
+              Composite type "public.test_type"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer           |           |          | 
+ b      | character varying |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type ALTER ATTRIBUTE b SET DATA TYPE integer;
+\d test_type
+         Composite type "public.test_type"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type DROP ATTRIBUTE b;
+\d test_type
+         Composite type "public.test_type"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type DROP ATTRIBUTE c; -- fails
+ERROR:  column "c" of relation "test_type" does not exist
+ALTER TYPE test_type DROP ATTRIBUTE IF EXISTS c;
+NOTICE:  column "c" of relation "test_type" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER TYPE test_type DROP ATTRIBUTE a, ADD ATTRIBUTE d boolean;
+\d test_type
+         Composite type "public.test_type"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ d      | boolean |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type RENAME ATTRIBUTE a TO aa;
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+ALTER TYPE test_type RENAME ATTRIBUTE d TO dd;
+\d test_type
+         Composite type "public.test_type"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ dd     | boolean |           |          | 
+
+DROP TYPE test_type;
+CREATE TYPE test_type1 AS (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE test_tbl1 (x int, y test_type1);
+ALTER TYPE test_type1 ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE varchar; -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "test_type1" because column "test_tbl1.y" uses it
+DROP TABLE test_tbl1;
+CREATE TABLE test_tbl1 (x int, y text);
+CREATE INDEX test_tbl1_idx ON test_tbl1((row(x,y)::test_type1));
+ALTER TYPE test_type1 ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE varchar; -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "test_type1" because column "test_tbl1_idx.row" uses it
+DROP TABLE test_tbl1;
+DROP TYPE test_type1;
+CREATE TYPE test_type2 AS (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE test_tbl2 OF test_type2;
+CREATE TABLE test_tbl2_subclass () INHERITS (test_tbl2);
+\d test_type2
+        Composite type "public.test_type2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    |           |          | 
+
+\d test_tbl2
+             Table "public.test_tbl2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    |           |          | 
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Typed table of type: test_type2
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 ADD ATTRIBUTE c text; -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "test_type2" because it is the type of a typed table
+HINT:  Use ALTER ... CASCADE to alter the typed tables too.
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 ADD ATTRIBUTE c text CASCADE;
+\d test_type2
+        Composite type "public.test_type2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+
+\d test_tbl2
+             Table "public.test_tbl2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Typed table of type: test_type2
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE varchar; -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "test_type2" because it is the type of a typed table
+HINT:  Use ALTER ... CASCADE to alter the typed tables too.
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE varchar CASCADE;
+\d test_type2
+             Composite type "public.test_type2"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer           |           |          | 
+ b      | character varying |           |          | 
+ c      | text              |           |          | 
+
+\d test_tbl2
+                  Table "public.test_tbl2"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer           |           |          | 
+ b      | character varying |           |          | 
+ c      | text              |           |          | 
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Typed table of type: test_type2
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 DROP ATTRIBUTE b; -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "test_type2" because it is the type of a typed table
+HINT:  Use ALTER ... CASCADE to alter the typed tables too.
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 DROP ATTRIBUTE b CASCADE;
+\d test_type2
+        Composite type "public.test_type2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+
+\d test_tbl2
+             Table "public.test_tbl2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Typed table of type: test_type2
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 RENAME ATTRIBUTE a TO aa; -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "test_type2" because it is the type of a typed table
+HINT:  Use ALTER ... CASCADE to alter the typed tables too.
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 RENAME ATTRIBUTE a TO aa CASCADE;
+\d test_type2
+        Composite type "public.test_type2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ aa     | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+
+\d test_tbl2
+             Table "public.test_tbl2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ aa     | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Typed table of type: test_type2
+
+\d test_tbl2_subclass
+         Table "public.test_tbl2_subclass"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ aa     | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+Inherits: test_tbl2
+
+DROP TABLE test_tbl2_subclass, test_tbl2;
+DROP TYPE test_type2;
+CREATE TYPE test_typex AS (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE test_tblx (x int, y test_typex check ((y).a > 0));
+ALTER TYPE test_typex DROP ATTRIBUTE a; -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot drop column a of composite type test_typex because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint test_tblx_y_check on table test_tblx depends on column a of composite type test_typex
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+ALTER TYPE test_typex DROP ATTRIBUTE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to constraint test_tblx_y_check on table test_tblx
+\d test_tblx
+               Table "public.test_tblx"
+ Column |    Type    | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ x      | integer    |           |          | 
+ y      | test_typex |           |          | 
+
+DROP TABLE test_tblx;
+DROP TYPE test_typex;
+-- This test isn't that interesting on its own, but the purpose is to leave
+-- behind a table to test pg_upgrade with. The table has a composite type
+-- column in it, and the composite type has a dropped attribute.
+CREATE TYPE test_type3 AS (a int);
+CREATE TABLE test_tbl3 (c) AS SELECT '(1)'::test_type3;
+ALTER TYPE test_type3 DROP ATTRIBUTE a, ADD ATTRIBUTE b int;
+CREATE TYPE test_type_empty AS ();
+DROP TYPE test_type_empty;
+--
+-- typed tables: OF / NOT OF
+--
+CREATE TYPE tt_t0 AS (z inet, x int, y numeric(8,2));
+ALTER TYPE tt_t0 DROP ATTRIBUTE z;
+CREATE TABLE tt0 (x int NOT NULL, y numeric(8,2));	-- OK
+CREATE TABLE tt1 (x int, y bigint);					-- wrong base type
+CREATE TABLE tt2 (x int, y numeric(9,2));			-- wrong typmod
+CREATE TABLE tt3 (y numeric(8,2), x int);			-- wrong column order
+CREATE TABLE tt4 (x int);							-- too few columns
+CREATE TABLE tt5 (x int, y numeric(8,2), z int);	-- too few columns
+CREATE TABLE tt6 () INHERITS (tt0);					-- can't have a parent
+CREATE TABLE tt7 (x int, q text, y numeric(8,2));
+ALTER TABLE tt7 DROP q;								-- OK
+ALTER TABLE tt0 OF tt_t0;
+ALTER TABLE tt1 OF tt_t0;
+ERROR:  table "tt1" has different type for column "y"
+ALTER TABLE tt2 OF tt_t0;
+ERROR:  table "tt2" has different type for column "y"
+ALTER TABLE tt3 OF tt_t0;
+ERROR:  table has column "y" where type requires "x"
+ALTER TABLE tt4 OF tt_t0;
+ERROR:  table is missing column "y"
+ALTER TABLE tt5 OF tt_t0;
+ERROR:  table has extra column "z"
+ALTER TABLE tt6 OF tt_t0;
+ERROR:  typed tables cannot inherit
+ALTER TABLE tt7 OF tt_t0;
+CREATE TYPE tt_t1 AS (x int, y numeric(8,2));
+ALTER TABLE tt7 OF tt_t1;			-- reassign an already-typed table
+ALTER TABLE tt7 NOT OF;
+\d tt7
+                   Table "public.tt7"
+ Column |     Type     | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+--------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ x      | integer      |           |          | 
+ y      | numeric(8,2) |           |          | 
+
+-- make sure we can drop a constraint on the parent but it remains on the child
+CREATE TABLE test_drop_constr_parent (c text CHECK (c IS NOT NULL));
+CREATE TABLE test_drop_constr_child () INHERITS (test_drop_constr_parent);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_drop_constr_parent DROP CONSTRAINT "test_drop_constr_parent_c_check";
+-- should fail
+INSERT INTO test_drop_constr_child (c) VALUES (NULL);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "test_drop_constr_child" violates check constraint "test_drop_constr_parent_c_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null).
+DROP TABLE test_drop_constr_parent CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table test_drop_constr_child
+--
+-- IF EXISTS test
+--
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD COLUMN f int;
+NOTICE:  relation "tt8" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD CONSTRAINT xxx PRIMARY KEY(f);
+NOTICE:  relation "tt8" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD CHECK (f BETWEEN 0 AND 10);
+NOTICE:  relation "tt8" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ALTER COLUMN f SET DEFAULT 0;
+NOTICE:  relation "tt8" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 RENAME COLUMN f TO f1;
+NOTICE:  relation "tt8" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 SET SCHEMA alter2;
+NOTICE:  relation "tt8" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE tt8(a int);
+CREATE SCHEMA alter2;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD COLUMN f int;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD CONSTRAINT xxx PRIMARY KEY(f);
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD CHECK (f BETWEEN 0 AND 10);
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ALTER COLUMN f SET DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 RENAME COLUMN f TO f1;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 SET SCHEMA alter2;
+\d alter2.tt8
+                Table "alter2.tt8"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ f1     | integer |           | not null | 0
+Indexes:
+    "xxx" PRIMARY KEY, btree (f1)
+Check constraints:
+    "tt8_f_check" CHECK (f1 >= 0 AND f1 <= 10)
+
+DROP TABLE alter2.tt8;
+DROP SCHEMA alter2;
+--
+-- Check conflicts between index and CHECK constraint names
+--
+CREATE TABLE tt9(c integer);
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CHECK(c > 1);
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CHECK(c > 2);  -- picks nonconflicting name
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT foo CHECK(c > 3);
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT foo CHECK(c > 4);  -- fail, dup name
+ERROR:  constraint "foo" for relation "tt9" already exists
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD UNIQUE(c);
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD UNIQUE(c);  -- picks nonconflicting name
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT tt9_c_key UNIQUE(c);  -- fail, dup name
+ERROR:  relation "tt9_c_key" already exists
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT foo UNIQUE(c);  -- fail, dup name
+ERROR:  constraint "foo" for relation "tt9" already exists
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT tt9_c_key CHECK(c > 5);  -- fail, dup name
+ERROR:  constraint "tt9_c_key" for relation "tt9" already exists
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT tt9_c_key2 CHECK(c > 6);
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD UNIQUE(c);  -- picks nonconflicting name
+\d tt9
+                Table "public.tt9"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "tt9_c_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (c)
+    "tt9_c_key1" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (c)
+    "tt9_c_key3" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (c)
+Check constraints:
+    "foo" CHECK (c > 3)
+    "tt9_c_check" CHECK (c > 1)
+    "tt9_c_check1" CHECK (c > 2)
+    "tt9_c_key2" CHECK (c > 6)
+
+DROP TABLE tt9;
+-- Check that comments on constraints and indexes are not lost at ALTER TABLE.
+CREATE TABLE comment_test (
+  id int,
+  positive_col int CHECK (positive_col > 0),
+  indexed_col int,
+  CONSTRAINT comment_test_pk PRIMARY KEY (id));
+CREATE INDEX comment_test_index ON comment_test(indexed_col);
+COMMENT ON COLUMN comment_test.id IS 'Column ''id'' on comment_test';
+COMMENT ON INDEX comment_test_index IS 'Simple index on comment_test';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT comment_test_positive_col_check ON comment_test IS 'CHECK constraint on comment_test.positive_col';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT comment_test_pk ON comment_test IS 'PRIMARY KEY constraint of comment_test';
+COMMENT ON INDEX comment_test_pk IS 'Index backing the PRIMARY KEY of comment_test';
+SELECT col_description('comment_test'::regclass, 1) as comment;
+           comment           
+-----------------------------
+ Column 'id' on comment_test
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass::text as index, obj_description(indexrelid, 'pg_class') as comment FROM pg_index where indrelid = 'comment_test'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+       index        |                    comment                    
+--------------------+-----------------------------------------------
+ comment_test_index | Simple index on comment_test
+ comment_test_pk    | Index backing the PRIMARY KEY of comment_test
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT conname as constraint, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') as comment FROM pg_constraint where conrelid = 'comment_test'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+           constraint            |                    comment                    
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------
+ comment_test_pk                 | PRIMARY KEY constraint of comment_test
+ comment_test_positive_col_check | CHECK constraint on comment_test.positive_col
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Change the datatype of all the columns. ALTER TABLE is optimized to not
+-- rebuild an index if the new data type is binary compatible with the old
+-- one. Check do a dummy ALTER TABLE that doesn't change the datatype
+-- first, to test that no-op codepath, and another one that does.
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN indexed_col SET DATA TYPE int;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN indexed_col SET DATA TYPE text;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE int;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE text;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN positive_col SET DATA TYPE int;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN positive_col SET DATA TYPE bigint;
+-- Check that the comments are intact.
+SELECT col_description('comment_test'::regclass, 1) as comment;
+           comment           
+-----------------------------
+ Column 'id' on comment_test
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass::text as index, obj_description(indexrelid, 'pg_class') as comment FROM pg_index where indrelid = 'comment_test'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+       index        |                    comment                    
+--------------------+-----------------------------------------------
+ comment_test_index | Simple index on comment_test
+ comment_test_pk    | Index backing the PRIMARY KEY of comment_test
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT conname as constraint, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') as comment FROM pg_constraint where conrelid = 'comment_test'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+           constraint            |                    comment                    
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------
+ comment_test_pk                 | PRIMARY KEY constraint of comment_test
+ comment_test_positive_col_check | CHECK constraint on comment_test.positive_col
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Check compatibility for foreign keys and comments. This is done
+-- separately as rebuilding the column type of the parent leads
+-- to an error and would reduce the test scope.
+CREATE TABLE comment_test_child (
+  id text CONSTRAINT comment_test_child_fk REFERENCES comment_test);
+CREATE INDEX comment_test_child_fk ON comment_test_child(id);
+COMMENT ON COLUMN comment_test_child.id IS 'Column ''id'' on comment_test_child';
+COMMENT ON INDEX comment_test_child_fk IS 'Index backing the FOREIGN KEY of comment_test_child';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT comment_test_child_fk ON comment_test_child IS 'FOREIGN KEY constraint of comment_test_child';
+-- Change column type of parent
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE text;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE int USING id::integer;
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "comment_test_child_fk" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "id" and "id" are of incompatible types: text and integer.
+-- Comments should be intact
+SELECT col_description('comment_test_child'::regclass, 1) as comment;
+              comment              
+-----------------------------------
+ Column 'id' on comment_test_child
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass::text as index, obj_description(indexrelid, 'pg_class') as comment FROM pg_index where indrelid = 'comment_test_child'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+         index         |                       comment                       
+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------
+ comment_test_child_fk | Index backing the FOREIGN KEY of comment_test_child
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT conname as constraint, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') as comment FROM pg_constraint where conrelid = 'comment_test_child'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+      constraint       |                   comment                    
+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------
+ comment_test_child_fk | FOREIGN KEY constraint of comment_test_child
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check that we map relation oids to filenodes and back correctly.  Only
+-- display bad mappings so the test output doesn't change all the time.  A
+-- filenode function call can return NULL for a relation dropped concurrently
+-- with the call's surrounding query, so ignore a NULL mapped_oid for
+-- relations that no longer exist after all calls finish.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE filenode_mapping AS
+SELECT
+    oid, mapped_oid, reltablespace, relfilenode, relname
+FROM pg_class,
+    pg_filenode_relation(reltablespace, pg_relation_filenode(oid)) AS mapped_oid
+WHERE relkind IN ('r', 'i', 'S', 't', 'm') AND mapped_oid IS DISTINCT FROM oid;
+SELECT m.* FROM filenode_mapping m LEFT JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = m.oid
+WHERE c.oid IS NOT NULL OR m.mapped_oid IS NOT NULL;
+ oid | mapped_oid | reltablespace | relfilenode | relname 
+-----+------------+---------------+-------------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Checks on creating and manipulation of user defined relations in
+-- pg_catalog.
+SHOW allow_system_table_mods;
+ allow_system_table_mods 
+-------------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+-- disallowed because of search_path issues with pg_dump
+CREATE TABLE pg_catalog.new_system_table();
+ERROR:  permission denied to create "pg_catalog.new_system_table"
+DETAIL:  System catalog modifications are currently disallowed.
+-- instead create in public first, move to catalog
+CREATE TABLE new_system_table(id serial primary key, othercol text);
+ALTER TABLE new_system_table SET SCHEMA pg_catalog;
+ALTER TABLE new_system_table SET SCHEMA public;
+ALTER TABLE new_system_table SET SCHEMA pg_catalog;
+-- will be ignored -- already there:
+ALTER TABLE new_system_table SET SCHEMA pg_catalog;
+ALTER TABLE new_system_table RENAME TO old_system_table;
+CREATE INDEX old_system_table__othercol ON old_system_table (othercol);
+INSERT INTO old_system_table(othercol) VALUES ('somedata'), ('otherdata');
+UPDATE old_system_table SET id = -id;
+DELETE FROM old_system_table WHERE othercol = 'somedata';
+TRUNCATE old_system_table;
+ALTER TABLE old_system_table DROP CONSTRAINT new_system_table_pkey;
+ALTER TABLE old_system_table DROP COLUMN othercol;
+DROP TABLE old_system_table;
+-- set logged
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged1(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 TEXT); -- has sequence, toast
+-- check relpersistence of an unlogged table
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+        relname        | relkind | relpersistence 
+-----------------------+---------+----------------
+ unlogged1             | r       | u
+ unlogged1 toast index | i       | u
+ unlogged1 toast table | t       | u
+ unlogged1_f1_seq      | S       | u
+ unlogged1_pkey        | i       | u
+(5 rows)
+
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged2(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES unlogged1); -- foreign key
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged3(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES unlogged3); -- self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE unlogged3 SET LOGGED; -- skip self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE unlogged2 SET LOGGED; -- fails because a foreign key to an unlogged table exists
+ERROR:  could not change table "unlogged2" to logged because it references unlogged table "unlogged1"
+ALTER TABLE unlogged1 SET LOGGED;
+-- check relpersistence of an unlogged table after changing to permanent
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+        relname        | relkind | relpersistence 
+-----------------------+---------+----------------
+ unlogged1             | r       | p
+ unlogged1 toast index | i       | p
+ unlogged1 toast table | t       | p
+ unlogged1_f1_seq      | S       | p
+ unlogged1_pkey        | i       | p
+(5 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE unlogged1 SET LOGGED; -- silently do nothing
+DROP TABLE unlogged3;
+DROP TABLE unlogged2;
+DROP TABLE unlogged1;
+-- set unlogged
+CREATE TABLE logged1(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 TEXT); -- has sequence, toast
+-- check relpersistence of a permanent table
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname ||' toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+       relname       | relkind | relpersistence 
+---------------------+---------+----------------
+ logged1             | r       | p
+ logged1 toast index | i       | p
+ logged1 toast table | t       | p
+ logged1_f1_seq      | S       | p
+ logged1_pkey        | i       | p
+(5 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE logged2(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES logged1); -- foreign key
+CREATE TABLE logged3(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES logged3); -- self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED; -- fails because a foreign key from a permanent table exists
+ERROR:  could not change table "logged1" to unlogged because it references logged table "logged2"
+ALTER TABLE logged3 SET UNLOGGED; -- skip self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE logged2 SET UNLOGGED;
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED;
+-- check relpersistence of a permanent table after changing to unlogged
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+       relname       | relkind | relpersistence 
+---------------------+---------+----------------
+ logged1             | r       | u
+ logged1 toast index | i       | u
+ logged1 toast table | t       | u
+ logged1_f1_seq      | S       | u
+ logged1_pkey        | i       | u
+(5 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED; -- silently do nothing
+DROP TABLE logged3;
+DROP TABLE logged2;
+DROP TABLE logged1;
+-- test ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS
+CREATE TABLE test_add_column(c1 integer);
+\d test_add_column
+          Table "public.test_add_column"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN c2 integer;
+\d test_add_column
+          Table "public.test_add_column"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN c2 integer; -- fail because c2 already exists
+ERROR:  column "c2" of relation "test_add_column" already exists
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN c2 integer; -- fail because c2 already exists
+ERROR:  column "c2" of relation "test_add_column" already exists
+\d test_add_column
+          Table "public.test_add_column"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c2 integer; -- skipping because c2 already exists
+NOTICE:  column "c2" of relation "test_add_column" already exists, skipping
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c2 integer; -- skipping because c2 already exists
+NOTICE:  column "c2" of relation "test_add_column" already exists, skipping
+\d test_add_column
+          Table "public.test_add_column"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN c2 integer, -- fail because c2 already exists
+	ADD COLUMN c3 integer primary key;
+ERROR:  column "c2" of relation "test_add_column" already exists
+\d test_add_column
+          Table "public.test_add_column"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c2 integer, -- skipping because c2 already exists
+	ADD COLUMN c3 integer primary key;
+NOTICE:  column "c2" of relation "test_add_column" already exists, skipping
+\d test_add_column
+          Table "public.test_add_column"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+ c3     | integer |           | not null | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_add_column_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (c3)
+
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c2 integer, -- skipping because c2 already exists
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c3 integer primary key; -- skipping because c3 already exists
+NOTICE:  column "c2" of relation "test_add_column" already exists, skipping
+NOTICE:  column "c3" of relation "test_add_column" already exists, skipping
+\d test_add_column
+          Table "public.test_add_column"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+ c3     | integer |           | not null | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_add_column_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (c3)
+
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c2 integer, -- skipping because c2 already exists
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c3 integer, -- skipping because c3 already exists
+	ADD COLUMN c4 integer REFERENCES test_add_column;
+NOTICE:  column "c2" of relation "test_add_column" already exists, skipping
+NOTICE:  column "c3" of relation "test_add_column" already exists, skipping
+\d test_add_column
+          Table "public.test_add_column"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+ c3     | integer |           | not null | 
+ c4     | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_add_column_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (c3)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "test_add_column_c4_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (c4) REFERENCES test_add_column(c3)
+Referenced by:
+    TABLE "test_add_column" CONSTRAINT "test_add_column_c4_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (c4) REFERENCES test_add_column(c3)
+
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c4 integer REFERENCES test_add_column;
+NOTICE:  column "c4" of relation "test_add_column" already exists, skipping
+\d test_add_column
+          Table "public.test_add_column"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+ c3     | integer |           | not null | 
+ c4     | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_add_column_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (c3)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "test_add_column_c4_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (c4) REFERENCES test_add_column(c3)
+Referenced by:
+    TABLE "test_add_column" CONSTRAINT "test_add_column_c4_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (c4) REFERENCES test_add_column(c3)
+
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c5 SERIAL CHECK (c5 > 8);
+\d test_add_column
+                            Table "public.test_add_column"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |                   Default                   
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------------------------------------------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+ c3     | integer |           | not null | 
+ c4     | integer |           |          | 
+ c5     | integer |           | not null | nextval('test_add_column_c5_seq'::regclass)
+Indexes:
+    "test_add_column_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (c3)
+Check constraints:
+    "test_add_column_c5_check" CHECK (c5 > 8)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "test_add_column_c4_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (c4) REFERENCES test_add_column(c3)
+Referenced by:
+    TABLE "test_add_column" CONSTRAINT "test_add_column_c4_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (c4) REFERENCES test_add_column(c3)
+
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c5 SERIAL CHECK (c5 > 10);
+NOTICE:  column "c5" of relation "test_add_column" already exists, skipping
+\d test_add_column*
+                            Table "public.test_add_column"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |                   Default                   
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------------------------------------------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+ c3     | integer |           | not null | 
+ c4     | integer |           |          | 
+ c5     | integer |           | not null | nextval('test_add_column_c5_seq'::regclass)
+Indexes:
+    "test_add_column_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (c3)
+Check constraints:
+    "test_add_column_c5_check" CHECK (c5 > 8)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "test_add_column_c4_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (c4) REFERENCES test_add_column(c3)
+Referenced by:
+    TABLE "test_add_column" CONSTRAINT "test_add_column_c4_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (c4) REFERENCES test_add_column(c3)
+
+               Sequence "public.test_add_column_c5_seq"
+  Type   | Start | Minimum |  Maximum   | Increment | Cycles? | Cache 
+---------+-------+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------
+ integer |     1 |       1 | 2147483647 |         1 | no      |     1
+Owned by: public.test_add_column.c5
+
+ Index "public.test_add_column_pkey"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ c3     | integer | yes  | c3
+primary key, btree, for table "public.test_add_column"
+
+DROP TABLE test_add_column;
+\d test_add_column*
+-- assorted cases with multiple ALTER TABLE steps
+CREATE TABLE ataddindex(f1 INT);
+INSERT INTO ataddindex VALUES (42), (43);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ataddindexi0 ON ataddindex(f1);
+ALTER TABLE ataddindex
+  ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX ataddindexi0,
+  ALTER f1 TYPE BIGINT;
+\d ataddindex
+            Table "public.ataddindex"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | bigint |           | not null | 
+Indexes:
+    "ataddindexi0" PRIMARY KEY, btree (f1)
+
+DROP TABLE ataddindex;
+CREATE TABLE ataddindex(f1 VARCHAR(10));
+INSERT INTO ataddindex(f1) VALUES ('foo'), ('a');
+ALTER TABLE ataddindex
+  ALTER f1 SET DATA TYPE TEXT,
+  ADD EXCLUDE ((f1 LIKE 'a') WITH =);
+\d ataddindex
+           Table "public.ataddindex"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | text |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "ataddindex_expr_excl" EXCLUDE USING btree ((f1 ~~ 'a'::text) WITH =)
+
+DROP TABLE ataddindex;
+CREATE TABLE ataddindex(id int, ref_id int);
+ALTER TABLE ataddindex
+  ADD PRIMARY KEY (id),
+  ADD FOREIGN KEY (ref_id) REFERENCES ataddindex;
+\d ataddindex
+             Table "public.ataddindex"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | 
+ ref_id | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "ataddindex_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "ataddindex_ref_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (ref_id) REFERENCES ataddindex(id)
+Referenced by:
+    TABLE "ataddindex" CONSTRAINT "ataddindex_ref_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (ref_id) REFERENCES ataddindex(id)
+
+DROP TABLE ataddindex;
+CREATE TABLE ataddindex(id int, ref_id int);
+ALTER TABLE ataddindex
+  ADD UNIQUE (id),
+  ADD FOREIGN KEY (ref_id) REFERENCES ataddindex (id);
+\d ataddindex
+             Table "public.ataddindex"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           |          | 
+ ref_id | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "ataddindex_id_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (id)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "ataddindex_ref_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (ref_id) REFERENCES ataddindex(id)
+Referenced by:
+    TABLE "ataddindex" CONSTRAINT "ataddindex_ref_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (ref_id) REFERENCES ataddindex(id)
+
+DROP TABLE ataddindex;
+-- unsupported constraint types for partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, (a+b+1));
+ALTER TABLE partitioned ADD EXCLUDE USING gist (a WITH &&);
+ERROR:  exclusion constraints are not supported on partitioned tables
+LINE 1: ALTER TABLE partitioned ADD EXCLUDE USING gist (a WITH &&);
+                                    ^
+-- cannot drop column that is part of the partition key
+ALTER TABLE partitioned DROP COLUMN a;
+ERROR:  cannot drop column "a" because it is part of the partition key of relation "partitioned"
+ALTER TABLE partitioned ALTER COLUMN a TYPE char(5);
+ERROR:  cannot alter column "a" because it is part of the partition key of relation "partitioned"
+ALTER TABLE partitioned DROP COLUMN b;
+ERROR:  cannot drop column "b" because it is part of the partition key of relation "partitioned"
+ALTER TABLE partitioned ALTER COLUMN b TYPE char(5);
+ERROR:  cannot alter column "b" because it is part of the partition key of relation "partitioned"
+-- partitioned table cannot participate in regular inheritance
+CREATE TABLE nonpartitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int
+);
+ALTER TABLE partitioned INHERIT nonpartitioned;
+ERROR:  cannot change inheritance of partitioned table
+ALTER TABLE nonpartitioned INHERIT partitioned;
+ERROR:  cannot inherit from partitioned table "partitioned"
+-- cannot add NO INHERIT constraint to partitioned tables
+ALTER TABLE partitioned ADD CONSTRAINT chk_a CHECK (a > 0) NO INHERIT;
+ERROR:  cannot add NO INHERIT constraint to partitioned table "partitioned"
+DROP TABLE partitioned, nonpartitioned;
+--
+-- ATTACH PARTITION
+--
+-- check that target table is partitioned
+CREATE TABLE unparted (
+	a int
+);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (like unparted);
+ALTER TABLE unparted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+ERROR:  table "unparted" is not partitioned
+DROP TABLE unparted, fail_part;
+-- check that partition bound is compatible
+CREATE TABLE list_parted (
+	a int NOT NULL,
+	b char(2) COLLATE "C",
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a > 0)
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (LIKE list_parted);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+ERROR:  invalid bound specification for a list partition
+LINE 1: ...list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES FROM (1) T...
+                                                             ^
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+-- check that the table being attached exists
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION nonexistent FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  relation "nonexistent" does not exist
+-- check ownership of the source table
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_me;
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_not_me;
+CREATE TABLE not_owned_by_me (LIKE list_parted);
+ALTER TABLE not_owned_by_me OWNER TO regress_test_not_me;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_test_me;
+CREATE TABLE owned_by_me (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ALTER TABLE owned_by_me ATTACH PARTITION not_owned_by_me FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  must be owner of table not_owned_by_me
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE owned_by_me, not_owned_by_me;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_not_me;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_me;
+-- check that the table being attached is not part of regular inheritance
+CREATE TABLE parent (LIKE list_parted);
+CREATE TABLE child () INHERITS (parent);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION child FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  cannot attach inheritance child as partition
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION parent FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  cannot attach inheritance parent as partition
+DROP TABLE parent CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table child
+-- check any TEMP-ness
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_parted (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE perm_part (a int);
+ALTER TABLE temp_parted ATTACH PARTITION perm_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  cannot attach a permanent relation as partition of temporary relation "temp_parted"
+DROP TABLE temp_parted, perm_part;
+-- check that the table being attached is not a typed table
+CREATE TYPE mytype AS (a int);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part OF mytype;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  cannot attach a typed table as partition
+DROP TYPE mytype CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table fail_part
+-- check that the table being attached has only columns present in the parent
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (like list_parted, c int);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  table "fail_part" contains column "c" not found in parent "list_parted"
+DETAIL:  The new partition may contain only the columns present in parent.
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+-- check that the table being attached has every column of the parent
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (a int NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  child table is missing column "b"
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+-- check that columns match in type, collation and NOT NULL status
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (
+	b char(3),
+	a int NOT NULL
+);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  child table "fail_part" has different type for column "b"
+ALTER TABLE fail_part ALTER b TYPE char (2) COLLATE "POSIX";
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  child table "fail_part" has different collation for column "b"
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+-- check that the table being attached has all constraints of the parent
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (
+	b char(2) COLLATE "C",
+	a int NOT NULL
+);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  child table is missing constraint "check_a"
+-- check that the constraint matches in definition with parent's constraint
+ALTER TABLE fail_part ADD CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a >= 0);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  child table "fail_part" has different definition for check constraint "check_a"
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+-- check the attributes and constraints after partition is attached
+CREATE TABLE part_1 (
+	a int NOT NULL,
+	b char(2) COLLATE "C",
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a > 0)
+);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION part_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+-- attislocal and conislocal are always false for merged attributes and constraints respectively.
+SELECT attislocal, attinhcount FROM pg_attribute WHERE attrelid = 'part_1'::regclass AND attnum > 0;
+ attislocal | attinhcount 
+------------+-------------
+ f          |           1
+ f          |           1
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT conislocal, coninhcount FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_1'::regclass AND conname = 'check_a';
+ conislocal | coninhcount 
+------------+-------------
+ f          |           1
+(1 row)
+
+-- check that the new partition won't overlap with an existing partition
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (LIKE part_1 INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part_1"
+LINE 1: ...LE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+                                                                    ^
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+-- check that an existing table can be attached as a default partition
+CREATE TABLE def_part (LIKE list_parted INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION def_part DEFAULT;
+-- check attaching default partition fails if a default partition already
+-- exists
+CREATE TABLE fail_def_part (LIKE part_1 INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_def_part DEFAULT;
+ERROR:  partition "fail_def_part" conflicts with existing default partition "def_part"
+LINE 1: ...ER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_def_part DEFAULT;
+                                                               ^
+-- check validation when attaching list partitions
+CREATE TABLE list_parted2 (
+	a int,
+	b char
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported
+CREATE TABLE part_2 (LIKE list_parted2);
+INSERT INTO part_2 VALUES (3, 'a');
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+ERROR:  partition constraint of relation "part_2" is violated by some row
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM part_2;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+-- check partition cannot be attached if default has some row for its values
+CREATE TABLE list_parted2_def PARTITION OF list_parted2 DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO list_parted2_def VALUES (11, 'z');
+CREATE TABLE part_3 (LIKE list_parted2);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_3 FOR VALUES IN (11);
+ERROR:  updated partition constraint for default partition "list_parted2_def" would be violated by some row
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM list_parted2_def WHERE a = 11;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_3 FOR VALUES IN (11);
+-- adding constraints that describe the desired partition constraint
+-- (or more restrictive) will help skip the validation scan
+CREATE TABLE part_3_4 (
+	LIKE list_parted2,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IN (3))
+);
+-- however, if a list partition does not accept nulls, there should be
+-- an explicit NOT NULL constraint on the partition key column for the
+-- validation scan to be skipped;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_3_4 FOR VALUES IN (3, 4);
+-- adding a NOT NULL constraint will cause the scan to be skipped
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_3_4;
+ALTER TABLE part_3_4 ALTER a SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_3_4 FOR VALUES IN (3, 4);
+-- check if default partition scan skipped
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2_def ADD CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IN (5, 6));
+CREATE TABLE part_55_66 PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (55, 66);
+-- check validation when attaching range partitions
+CREATE TABLE range_parted (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, b);
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported
+CREATE TABLE part1 (
+	a int NOT NULL CHECK (a = 1),
+	b int NOT NULL CHECK (b >= 1 AND b <= 10)
+);
+INSERT INTO part1 VALUES (1, 10);
+-- Remember the TO bound is exclusive
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION part1 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 1) TO (1, 10);
+ERROR:  partition constraint of relation "part1" is violated by some row
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM part1;
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION part1 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 1) TO (1, 10);
+-- adding constraints that describe the desired partition constraint
+-- (or more restrictive) will help skip the validation scan
+CREATE TABLE part2 (
+	a int NOT NULL CHECK (a = 1),
+	b int NOT NULL CHECK (b >= 10 AND b < 18)
+);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION part2 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 10) TO (1, 20);
+-- Create default partition
+CREATE TABLE partr_def1 PARTITION OF range_parted DEFAULT;
+-- Only one default partition is allowed, hence, following should give error
+CREATE TABLE partr_def2 (LIKE part1 INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION partr_def2 DEFAULT;
+ERROR:  partition "partr_def2" conflicts with existing default partition "partr_def1"
+LINE 1: ...LTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION partr_def2 DEFAULT;
+                                                               ^
+-- Overlapping partitions cannot be attached, hence, following should give error
+INSERT INTO partr_def1 VALUES (2, 10);
+CREATE TABLE part3 (LIKE range_parted);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH partition part3 FOR VALUES FROM (2, 10) TO (2, 20);
+ERROR:  updated partition constraint for default partition "partr_def1" would be violated by some row
+-- Attaching partitions should be successful when there are no overlapping rows
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH partition part3 FOR VALUES FROM (3, 10) TO (3, 20);
+-- check that leaf partitions are scanned when attaching a partitioned
+-- table
+CREATE TABLE part_5 (
+	LIKE list_parted2
+) PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported
+CREATE TABLE part_5_a PARTITION OF part_5 FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+INSERT INTO part_5_a (a, b) VALUES (6, 'a');
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_5 FOR VALUES IN (5);
+ERROR:  partition constraint of relation "part_5_a" is violated by some row
+-- delete the faulting row and also add a constraint to skip the scan
+DELETE FROM part_5_a WHERE a NOT IN (3);
+ALTER TABLE part_5 ADD CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IS NOT NULL AND a = 5);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_5 FOR VALUES IN (5);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_5;
+ALTER TABLE part_5 DROP CONSTRAINT check_a;
+-- scan should again be skipped, even though NOT NULL is now a column property
+ALTER TABLE part_5 ADD CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IN (5)), ALTER a SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_5 FOR VALUES IN (5);
+-- Check the case where attnos of the partitioning columns in the table being
+-- attached differs from the parent.  It should not affect the constraint-
+-- checking logic that allows to skip the scan.
+CREATE TABLE part_6 (
+	c int,
+	LIKE list_parted2,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IS NOT NULL AND a = 6)
+);
+ALTER TABLE part_6 DROP c;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_6 FOR VALUES IN (6);
+-- Similar to above, but the table being attached is a partitioned table
+-- whose partition has still different attnos for the root partitioning
+-- columns.
+CREATE TABLE part_7 (
+	LIKE list_parted2,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IS NOT NULL AND a = 7)
+) PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+CREATE TABLE part_7_a_null (
+	c int,
+	d int,
+	e int,
+	LIKE list_parted2,  -- 'a' will have attnum = 4
+	CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b IS NULL OR b = 'a'),
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IS NOT NULL AND a = 7)
+);
+ALTER TABLE part_7_a_null DROP c, DROP d, DROP e;
+ALTER TABLE part_7 ATTACH PARTITION part_7_a_null FOR VALUES IN ('a', null);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_7 FOR VALUES IN (7);
+-- Same example, but check this time that the constraint correctly detects
+-- violating rows
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_7;
+ALTER TABLE part_7 DROP CONSTRAINT check_a; -- thusly, scan won't be skipped
+INSERT INTO part_7 (a, b) VALUES (8, null), (9, 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, a, b FROM part_7 order by a;
+   tableoid    | a | b 
+---------------+---+---
+ part_7_a_null | 8 | 
+ part_7_a_null | 9 | a
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_7 FOR VALUES IN (7);
+ERROR:  partition constraint of relation "part_7_a_null" is violated by some row
+-- check that leaf partitions of default partition are scanned when
+-- attaching a partitioned table.
+ALTER TABLE part_5 DROP CONSTRAINT check_a;
+CREATE TABLE part5_def PARTITION OF part_5 DEFAULT PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE part5_def_p1 PARTITION OF part5_def FOR VALUES IN (5);
+INSERT INTO part5_def_p1 VALUES (5, 'y');
+CREATE TABLE part5_p1 (LIKE part_5);
+ALTER TABLE part_5 ATTACH PARTITION part5_p1 FOR VALUES IN ('y');
+ERROR:  updated partition constraint for default partition "part5_def_p1" would be violated by some row
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM part5_def_p1 WHERE b = 'y';
+ALTER TABLE part_5 ATTACH PARTITION part5_p1 FOR VALUES IN ('y');
+-- check that the table being attached is not already a partition
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+ERROR:  "part_2" is already a partition
+-- check that circular inheritance is not allowed
+ALTER TABLE part_5 ATTACH PARTITION list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('b');
+ERROR:  circular inheritance not allowed
+DETAIL:  "part_5" is already a child of "list_parted2".
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (0);
+ERROR:  circular inheritance not allowed
+DETAIL:  "list_parted2" is already a child of "list_parted2".
+-- If a partitioned table being created or an existing table being attached
+-- as a partition does not have a constraint that would allow validation scan
+-- to be skipped, but an individual partition does, then the partition's
+-- validation scan is skipped.
+CREATE TABLE quuux (a int, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE quuux_default PARTITION OF quuux DEFAULT PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+CREATE TABLE quuux_default1 PARTITION OF quuux_default (
+	CONSTRAINT check_1 CHECK (a IS NOT NULL AND a = 1)
+) FOR VALUES IN ('b');
+CREATE TABLE quuux1 (a int, b text);
+ALTER TABLE quuux ATTACH PARTITION quuux1 FOR VALUES IN (1); -- validate!
+CREATE TABLE quuux2 (a int, b text);
+ALTER TABLE quuux ATTACH PARTITION quuux2 FOR VALUES IN (2); -- skip validation
+DROP TABLE quuux1, quuux2;
+-- should validate for quuux1, but not for quuux2
+CREATE TABLE quuux1 PARTITION OF quuux FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE quuux2 PARTITION OF quuux FOR VALUES IN (2);
+DROP TABLE quuux;
+-- check validation when attaching hash partitions
+-- Use hand-rolled hash functions and operator class to get predictable result
+-- on different machines. part_test_int4_ops is defined in insert.sql.
+-- check that the new partition won't overlap with an existing partition
+CREATE TABLE hash_parted (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY HASH (a part_test_int4_ops);
+CREATE TABLE hpart_1 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (LIKE hpart_1);
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 4);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "hpart_1"
+LINE 1: ...hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODU...
+                                                             ^
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 0);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "hpart_1"
+LINE 1: ...hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODU...
+                                                             ^
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+-- check validation when attaching hash partitions
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported
+CREATE TABLE hpart_2 (LIKE hash_parted);
+INSERT INTO hpart_2 VALUES (3, 0);
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION hpart_2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 1);
+ERROR:  partition constraint of relation "hpart_2" is violated by some row
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM hpart_2;
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION hpart_2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 1);
+-- check that leaf partitions are scanned when attaching a partitioned
+-- table
+CREATE TABLE hpart_5 (
+	LIKE hash_parted
+) PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported
+CREATE TABLE hpart_5_a PARTITION OF hpart_5 FOR VALUES IN ('1', '2', '3');
+INSERT INTO hpart_5_a (a, b) VALUES (7, 1);
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION hpart_5 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 2);
+ERROR:  partition constraint of relation "hpart_5_a" is violated by some row
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM hpart_5_a;
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION hpart_5 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 2);
+-- check that the table being attach is with valid modulus and remainder value
+CREATE TABLE fail_part(LIKE hash_parted);
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 0, REMAINDER 1);
+ERROR:  modulus for hash partition must be an integer value greater than zero
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 8);
+ERROR:  remainder for hash partition must be less than modulus
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 2);
+ERROR:  every hash partition modulus must be a factor of the next larger modulus
+DETAIL:  The new modulus 3 is not a factor of 4, the modulus of existing partition "hpart_1".
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+--
+-- DETACH PARTITION
+--
+-- check that the table is partitioned at all
+CREATE TABLE regular_table (a int);
+ALTER TABLE regular_table DETACH PARTITION any_name;
+ERROR:  table "regular_table" is not partitioned
+DROP TABLE regular_table;
+-- check that the partition being detached exists at all
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_4;
+ERROR:  relation "part_4" does not exist
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted DETACH PARTITION hpart_4;
+ERROR:  relation "hpart_4" does not exist
+-- check that the partition being detached is actually a partition of the parent
+CREATE TABLE not_a_part (a int);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION not_a_part;
+ERROR:  relation "not_a_part" is not a partition of relation "list_parted2"
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_1;
+ERROR:  relation "part_1" is not a partition of relation "list_parted2"
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted DETACH PARTITION not_a_part;
+ERROR:  relation "not_a_part" is not a partition of relation "hash_parted"
+DROP TABLE not_a_part;
+-- check that, after being detached, attinhcount/coninhcount is dropped to 0 and
+-- attislocal/conislocal is set to true
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_3_4;
+SELECT attinhcount, attislocal FROM pg_attribute WHERE attrelid = 'part_3_4'::regclass AND attnum > 0;
+ attinhcount | attislocal 
+-------------+------------
+           0 | t
+           0 | t
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT coninhcount, conislocal FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_3_4'::regclass AND conname = 'check_a';
+ coninhcount | conislocal 
+-------------+------------
+           0 | t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE part_3_4;
+-- check that a detached partition is not dropped on dropping a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE range_parted2 (
+    a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE part_rp PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (0) to (100);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rp;
+DROP TABLE range_parted2;
+SELECT * from part_rp;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE part_rp;
+-- concurrent detach
+CREATE TABLE range_parted2 (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE part_rp PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (0) to (100);
+BEGIN;
+-- doesn't work in a partition block
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rp CONCURRENTLY;
+ERROR:  ALTER TABLE ... DETACH CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block
+COMMIT;
+CREATE TABLE part_rpd PARTITION OF range_parted2 DEFAULT;
+-- doesn't work if there's a default partition
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rp CONCURRENTLY;
+ERROR:  cannot detach partitions concurrently when a default partition exists
+-- doesn't work for the default partition
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rpd CONCURRENTLY;
+ERROR:  cannot detach partitions concurrently when a default partition exists
+DROP TABLE part_rpd;
+-- works fine
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rp CONCURRENTLY;
+\d+ range_parted2
+                         Partitioned table "public.range_parted2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition key: RANGE (a)
+Number of partitions: 0
+
+-- constraint should be created
+\d part_rp
+              Table "public.part_rp"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "part_rp_a_check" CHECK (a IS NOT NULL AND a >= 0 AND a < 100)
+
+CREATE TABLE part_rp100 PARTITION OF range_parted2 (CHECK (a>=123 AND a<133 AND a IS NOT NULL)) FOR VALUES FROM (100) to (200);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rp100 CONCURRENTLY;
+-- redundant constraint should not be created
+\d part_rp100
+             Table "public.part_rp100"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "part_rp100_a_check" CHECK (a >= 123 AND a < 133 AND a IS NOT NULL)
+
+DROP TABLE range_parted2;
+-- Check ALTER TABLE commands for partitioned tables and partitions
+-- cannot add/drop column to/from *only* the parent
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 ADD COLUMN c int;
+ERROR:  column must be added to child tables too
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 DROP COLUMN b;
+ERROR:  cannot drop column from only the partitioned table when partitions exist
+HINT:  Do not specify the ONLY keyword.
+-- cannot add a column to partition or drop an inherited one
+ALTER TABLE part_2 ADD COLUMN c text;
+ERROR:  cannot add column to a partition
+ALTER TABLE part_2 DROP COLUMN b;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited column "b"
+-- Nor rename, alter type
+ALTER TABLE part_2 RENAME COLUMN b to c;
+ERROR:  cannot rename inherited column "b"
+ALTER TABLE part_2 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE text;
+ERROR:  cannot alter inherited column "b"
+-- cannot add/drop NOT NULL or check constraints to *only* the parent, when
+-- partitions exist
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 ALTER b SET NOT NULL;
+ERROR:  constraint must be added to child tables too
+DETAIL:  Column "b" of relation "part_2" is not already NOT NULL.
+HINT:  Do not specify the ONLY keyword.
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 ADD CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b <> 'zz');
+ERROR:  constraint must be added to child tables too
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ALTER b SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 ALTER b DROP NOT NULL;
+ERROR:  cannot remove constraint from only the partitioned table when partitions exist
+HINT:  Do not specify the ONLY keyword.
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ADD CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b <> 'zz');
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 DROP CONSTRAINT check_b;
+ERROR:  cannot remove constraint from only the partitioned table when partitions exist
+HINT:  Do not specify the ONLY keyword.
+-- It's alright though, if no partitions are yet created
+CREATE TABLE parted_no_parts (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY parted_no_parts ALTER a SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY parted_no_parts ADD CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a > 0);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY parted_no_parts ALTER a DROP NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY parted_no_parts DROP CONSTRAINT check_a;
+DROP TABLE parted_no_parts;
+-- cannot drop inherited NOT NULL or check constraints from partition
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ALTER b SET NOT NULL, ADD CONSTRAINT check_a2 CHECK (a > 0);
+ALTER TABLE part_2 ALTER b DROP NOT NULL;
+ERROR:  column "b" is marked NOT NULL in parent table
+ALTER TABLE part_2 DROP CONSTRAINT check_a2;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "check_a2" of relation "part_2"
+-- Doesn't make sense to add NO INHERIT constraints on partitioned tables
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 add constraint check_b2 check (b <> 'zz') NO INHERIT;
+ERROR:  cannot add NO INHERIT constraint to partitioned table "list_parted2"
+-- check that a partition cannot participate in regular inheritance
+CREATE TABLE inh_test () INHERITS (part_2);
+ERROR:  cannot inherit from partition "part_2"
+CREATE TABLE inh_test (LIKE part_2);
+ALTER TABLE inh_test INHERIT part_2;
+ERROR:  cannot inherit from a partition
+ALTER TABLE part_2 INHERIT inh_test;
+ERROR:  cannot change inheritance of a partition
+-- cannot drop or alter type of partition key columns of lower level
+-- partitioned tables; for example, part_5, which is list_parted2's
+-- partition, is partitioned on b;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DROP COLUMN b;
+ERROR:  cannot drop column "b" because it is part of the partition key of relation "part_5"
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE text;
+ERROR:  cannot alter column "b" because it is part of the partition key of relation "part_5"
+-- dropping non-partition key columns should be allowed on the parent table.
+ALTER TABLE list_parted DROP COLUMN b;
+SELECT * FROM list_parted;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP TABLE list_parted, list_parted2, range_parted;
+DROP TABLE fail_def_part;
+DROP TABLE hash_parted;
+-- more tests for certain multi-level partitioning scenarios
+create table p (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+create table p1 (b int, a int not null) partition by range (b);
+create table p11 (like p1);
+alter table p11 drop a;
+alter table p11 add a int;
+alter table p11 drop a;
+alter table p11 add a int not null;
+-- attnum for key attribute 'a' is different in p, p1, and p11
+select attrelid::regclass, attname, attnum
+from pg_attribute
+where attname = 'a'
+ and (attrelid = 'p'::regclass
+   or attrelid = 'p1'::regclass
+   or attrelid = 'p11'::regclass)
+order by attrelid::regclass::text;
+ attrelid | attname | attnum 
+----------+---------+--------
+ p        | a       |      1
+ p1       | a       |      2
+ p11      | a       |      4
+(3 rows)
+
+alter table p1 attach partition p11 for values from (2) to (5);
+insert into p1 (a, b) values (2, 3);
+-- check that partition validation scan correctly detects violating rows
+alter table p attach partition p1 for values from (1, 2) to (1, 10);
+ERROR:  partition constraint of relation "p11" is violated by some row
+-- cleanup
+drop table p;
+drop table p1;
+-- validate constraint on partitioned tables should only scan leaf partitions
+create table parted_validate_test (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_validate_test_1 partition of parted_validate_test for values in (0, 1);
+alter table parted_validate_test add constraint parted_validate_test_chka check (a > 0) not valid;
+alter table parted_validate_test validate constraint parted_validate_test_chka;
+drop table parted_validate_test;
+-- test alter column options
+CREATE TABLE attmp(i integer);
+INSERT INTO attmp VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE attmp ALTER COLUMN i SET (n_distinct = 1, n_distinct_inherited = 2);
+ALTER TABLE attmp ALTER COLUMN i RESET (n_distinct_inherited);
+ANALYZE attmp;
+DROP TABLE attmp;
+DROP USER regress_alter_table_user1;
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported when attaching as the
+-- default partition
+create table defpart_attach_test (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table defpart_attach_test1 partition of defpart_attach_test for values in (1);
+create table defpart_attach_test_d (b int, a int);
+alter table defpart_attach_test_d drop b;
+insert into defpart_attach_test_d values (1), (2);
+-- error because its constraint as the default partition would be violated
+-- by the row containing 1
+alter table defpart_attach_test attach partition defpart_attach_test_d default;
+ERROR:  partition constraint of relation "defpart_attach_test_d" is violated by some row
+delete from defpart_attach_test_d where a = 1;
+alter table defpart_attach_test_d add check (a > 1);
+-- should be attached successfully and without needing to be scanned
+alter table defpart_attach_test attach partition defpart_attach_test_d default;
+-- check that attaching a partition correctly reports any rows in the default
+-- partition that should not be there for the new partition to be attached
+-- successfully
+create table defpart_attach_test_2 (like defpart_attach_test_d);
+alter table defpart_attach_test attach partition defpart_attach_test_2 for values in (2);
+ERROR:  updated partition constraint for default partition "defpart_attach_test_d" would be violated by some row
+drop table defpart_attach_test;
+-- check combinations of temporary and permanent relations when attaching
+-- partitions.
+create table perm_part_parent (a int) partition by list (a);
+create temp table temp_part_parent (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table perm_part_child (a int);
+create temp table temp_part_child (a int);
+alter table temp_part_parent attach partition perm_part_child default; -- error
+ERROR:  cannot attach a permanent relation as partition of temporary relation "temp_part_parent"
+alter table perm_part_parent attach partition temp_part_child default; -- error
+ERROR:  cannot attach a temporary relation as partition of permanent relation "perm_part_parent"
+alter table temp_part_parent attach partition temp_part_child default; -- ok
+drop table perm_part_parent cascade;
+drop table temp_part_parent cascade;
+-- check that attaching partitions to a table while it is being used is
+-- prevented
+create table tab_part_attach (a int) partition by list (a);
+create or replace function func_part_attach() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+  begin
+    execute 'create table tab_part_attach_1 (a int)';
+    execute 'alter table tab_part_attach attach partition tab_part_attach_1 for values in (1)';
+    return null;
+  end $$;
+create trigger trig_part_attach before insert on tab_part_attach
+  for each statement execute procedure func_part_attach();
+insert into tab_part_attach values (1);
+ERROR:  cannot ALTER TABLE "tab_part_attach" because it is being used by active queries in this session
+CONTEXT:  SQL statement "alter table tab_part_attach attach partition tab_part_attach_1 for values in (1)"
+PL/pgSQL function func_part_attach() line 4 at EXECUTE
+drop table tab_part_attach;
+drop function func_part_attach();
+-- test case where the partitioning operator is a SQL function whose
+-- evaluation results in the table's relcache being rebuilt partway through
+-- the execution of an ATTACH PARTITION command
+create function at_test_sql_partop (int4, int4) returns int language sql
+as $$ select case when $1 = $2 then 0 when $1 > $2 then 1 else -1 end; $$;
+create operator class at_test_sql_partop for type int4 using btree as
+    operator 1 < (int4, int4), operator 2 <= (int4, int4),
+    operator 3 = (int4, int4), operator 4 >= (int4, int4),
+    operator 5 > (int4, int4), function 1 at_test_sql_partop(int4, int4);
+create table at_test_sql_partop (a int) partition by range (a at_test_sql_partop);
+create table at_test_sql_partop_1 (a int);
+alter table at_test_sql_partop attach partition at_test_sql_partop_1 for values from (0) to (10);
+drop table at_test_sql_partop;
+drop operator class at_test_sql_partop using btree;
+drop function at_test_sql_partop;
+/* Test case for bug #16242 */
+-- We create a parent and child where the child has missing
+-- non-null attribute values, and arrange to pass them through
+-- tuple conversion from the child to the parent tupdesc
+create table bar1 (a integer, b integer not null default 1)
+  partition by range (a);
+create table bar2 (a integer);
+insert into bar2 values (1);
+alter table bar2 add column b integer not null default 1;
+-- (at this point bar2 contains tuple with natts=1)
+alter table bar1 attach partition bar2 default;
+-- this works:
+select * from bar1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- this exercises tuple conversion:
+create function xtrig()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql
+as $$
+  declare
+    r record;
+  begin
+    for r in select * from old loop
+      raise info 'a=%, b=%', r.a, r.b;
+    end loop;
+    return NULL;
+  end;
+$$;
+create trigger xtrig
+  after update on bar1
+  referencing old table as old
+  for each statement execute procedure xtrig();
+update bar1 set a = a + 1;
+INFO:  a=1, b=1
+/* End test case for bug #16242 */
+/* Test case for bug #17409 */
+create table attbl (p1 int constraint pk_attbl primary key);
+create table atref (c1 int references attbl(p1));
+cluster attbl using pk_attbl;
+alter table attbl alter column p1 set data type bigint;
+alter table atref alter column c1 set data type bigint;
+drop table attbl, atref;
+create table attbl (p1 int constraint pk_attbl primary key);
+alter table attbl replica identity using index pk_attbl;
+create table atref (c1 int references attbl(p1));
+alter table attbl alter column p1 set data type bigint;
+alter table atref alter column c1 set data type bigint;
+drop table attbl, atref;
+/* End test case for bug #17409 */
+-- Test that ALTER TABLE rewrite preserves a clustered index
+-- for normal indexes and indexes on constraints.
+create table alttype_cluster (a int);
+alter table alttype_cluster add primary key (a);
+create index alttype_cluster_ind on alttype_cluster (a);
+alter table alttype_cluster cluster on alttype_cluster_ind;
+-- Normal index remains clustered.
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisclustered from pg_index
+  where indrelid = 'alttype_cluster'::regclass
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text;
+      indexrelid      | indisclustered 
+----------------------+----------------
+ alttype_cluster_ind  | t
+ alttype_cluster_pkey | f
+(2 rows)
+
+alter table alttype_cluster alter a type bigint;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisclustered from pg_index
+  where indrelid = 'alttype_cluster'::regclass
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text;
+      indexrelid      | indisclustered 
+----------------------+----------------
+ alttype_cluster_ind  | t
+ alttype_cluster_pkey | f
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Constraint index remains clustered.
+alter table alttype_cluster cluster on alttype_cluster_pkey;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisclustered from pg_index
+  where indrelid = 'alttype_cluster'::regclass
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text;
+      indexrelid      | indisclustered 
+----------------------+----------------
+ alttype_cluster_ind  | f
+ alttype_cluster_pkey | t
+(2 rows)
+
+alter table alttype_cluster alter a type int;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisclustered from pg_index
+  where indrelid = 'alttype_cluster'::regclass
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text;
+      indexrelid      | indisclustered 
+----------------------+----------------
+ alttype_cluster_ind  | f
+ alttype_cluster_pkey | t
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table alttype_cluster;
+--
+-- Check that attaching or detaching a partitioned partition correctly leads
+-- to its partitions' constraint being updated to reflect the parent's
+-- newly added/removed constraint
+create table target_parted (a int, b int) partition by list (a);
+create table attach_parted (a int, b int) partition by list (b);
+create table attach_parted_part1 partition of attach_parted for values in (1);
+-- insert a row directly into the leaf partition so that its partition
+-- constraint is built and stored in the relcache
+insert into attach_parted_part1 values (1, 1);
+-- the following better invalidate the partition constraint of the leaf
+-- partition too...
+alter table target_parted attach partition attach_parted for values in (1);
+-- ...such that the following insert fails
+insert into attach_parted_part1 values (2, 1);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "attach_parted_part1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2, 1).
+-- ...and doesn't when the partition is detached along with its own partition
+alter table target_parted detach partition attach_parted;
+insert into attach_parted_part1 values (2, 1);
+-- Test altering table having publication
+create schema alter1;
+create schema alter2;
+create table alter1.t1 (a int);
+set client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+create publication pub1 for table alter1.t1, tables in schema alter2;
+reset client_min_messages;
+alter table alter1.t1 set schema alter2;
+\d+ alter2.t1
+                                    Table "alter2.t1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Publications:
+    "pub1"
+
+drop publication pub1;
+drop schema alter1 cascade;
+drop schema alter2 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table alter2.t1
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/amutils.out b/src/test/regress/expected/amutils.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ab6113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/amutils.out
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+--
+-- Test index AM property-reporting functions
+--
+select prop,
+       pg_indexam_has_property(a.oid, prop) as "AM",
+       pg_index_has_property('onek_hundred'::regclass, prop) as "Index",
+       pg_index_column_has_property('onek_hundred'::regclass, 1, prop) as "Column"
+  from pg_am a,
+       unnest(array['asc', 'desc', 'nulls_first', 'nulls_last',
+                    'orderable', 'distance_orderable', 'returnable',
+                    'search_array', 'search_nulls',
+                    'clusterable', 'index_scan', 'bitmap_scan',
+                    'backward_scan',
+                    'can_order', 'can_unique', 'can_multi_col',
+                    'can_exclude', 'can_include',
+                    'bogus']::text[])
+         with ordinality as u(prop,ord)
+ where a.amname = 'btree'
+ order by ord;
+        prop        | AM | Index | Column 
+--------------------+----+-------+--------
+ asc                |    |       | t
+ desc               |    |       | f
+ nulls_first        |    |       | f
+ nulls_last         |    |       | t
+ orderable          |    |       | t
+ distance_orderable |    |       | f
+ returnable         |    |       | t
+ search_array       |    |       | t
+ search_nulls       |    |       | t
+ clusterable        |    | t     | 
+ index_scan         |    | t     | 
+ bitmap_scan        |    | t     | 
+ backward_scan      |    | t     | 
+ can_order          | t  |       | 
+ can_unique         | t  |       | 
+ can_multi_col      | t  |       | 
+ can_exclude        | t  |       | 
+ can_include        | t  |       | 
+ bogus              |    |       | 
+(19 rows)
+
+select prop,
+       pg_indexam_has_property(a.oid, prop) as "AM",
+       pg_index_has_property('gcircleind'::regclass, prop) as "Index",
+       pg_index_column_has_property('gcircleind'::regclass, 1, prop) as "Column"
+  from pg_am a,
+       unnest(array['asc', 'desc', 'nulls_first', 'nulls_last',
+                    'orderable', 'distance_orderable', 'returnable',
+                    'search_array', 'search_nulls',
+                    'clusterable', 'index_scan', 'bitmap_scan',
+                    'backward_scan',
+                    'can_order', 'can_unique', 'can_multi_col',
+                    'can_exclude', 'can_include',
+                    'bogus']::text[])
+         with ordinality as u(prop,ord)
+ where a.amname = 'gist'
+ order by ord;
+        prop        | AM | Index | Column 
+--------------------+----+-------+--------
+ asc                |    |       | f
+ desc               |    |       | f
+ nulls_first        |    |       | f
+ nulls_last         |    |       | f
+ orderable          |    |       | f
+ distance_orderable |    |       | t
+ returnable         |    |       | f
+ search_array       |    |       | f
+ search_nulls       |    |       | t
+ clusterable        |    | t     | 
+ index_scan         |    | t     | 
+ bitmap_scan        |    | t     | 
+ backward_scan      |    | f     | 
+ can_order          | f  |       | 
+ can_unique         | f  |       | 
+ can_multi_col      | t  |       | 
+ can_exclude        | t  |       | 
+ can_include        | t  |       | 
+ bogus              |    |       | 
+(19 rows)
+
+select prop,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('onek_hundred'::regclass, 1, prop) as btree,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('hash_i4_index'::regclass, 1, prop) as hash,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('gcircleind'::regclass, 1, prop) as gist,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('sp_radix_ind'::regclass, 1, prop) as spgist_radix,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('sp_quad_ind'::regclass, 1, prop) as spgist_quad,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('botharrayidx'::regclass, 1, prop) as gin,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('brinidx'::regclass, 1, prop) as brin
+  from unnest(array['asc', 'desc', 'nulls_first', 'nulls_last',
+                    'orderable', 'distance_orderable', 'returnable',
+                    'search_array', 'search_nulls',
+                    'bogus']::text[])
+         with ordinality as u(prop,ord)
+ order by ord;
+        prop        | btree | hash | gist | spgist_radix | spgist_quad | gin | brin 
+--------------------+-------+------+------+--------------+-------------+-----+------
+ asc                | t     | f    | f    | f            | f           | f   | f
+ desc               | f     | f    | f    | f            | f           | f   | f
+ nulls_first        | f     | f    | f    | f            | f           | f   | f
+ nulls_last         | t     | f    | f    | f            | f           | f   | f
+ orderable          | t     | f    | f    | f            | f           | f   | f
+ distance_orderable | f     | f    | t    | f            | t           | f   | f
+ returnable         | t     | f    | f    | t            | t           | f   | f
+ search_array       | t     | f    | f    | f            | f           | f   | f
+ search_nulls       | t     | f    | t    | t            | t           | f   | t
+ bogus              |       |      |      |              |             |     | 
+(10 rows)
+
+select prop,
+       pg_index_has_property('onek_hundred'::regclass, prop) as btree,
+       pg_index_has_property('hash_i4_index'::regclass, prop) as hash,
+       pg_index_has_property('gcircleind'::regclass, prop) as gist,
+       pg_index_has_property('sp_radix_ind'::regclass, prop) as spgist,
+       pg_index_has_property('botharrayidx'::regclass, prop) as gin,
+       pg_index_has_property('brinidx'::regclass, prop) as brin
+  from unnest(array['clusterable', 'index_scan', 'bitmap_scan',
+                    'backward_scan',
+                    'bogus']::text[])
+         with ordinality as u(prop,ord)
+ order by ord;
+     prop      | btree | hash | gist | spgist | gin | brin 
+---------------+-------+------+------+--------+-----+------
+ clusterable   | t     | f    | t    | f      | f   | f
+ index_scan    | t     | t    | t    | t      | f   | f
+ bitmap_scan   | t     | t    | t    | t      | t   | t
+ backward_scan | t     | t    | f    | f      | f   | f
+ bogus         |       |      |      |        |     | 
+(5 rows)
+
+select amname, prop, pg_indexam_has_property(a.oid, prop) as p
+  from pg_am a,
+       unnest(array['can_order', 'can_unique', 'can_multi_col',
+                    'can_exclude', 'can_include', 'bogus']::text[])
+         with ordinality as u(prop,ord)
+ where amtype = 'i'
+ order by amname, ord;
+ amname |     prop      | p 
+--------+---------------+---
+ brin   | can_order     | f
+ brin   | can_unique    | f
+ brin   | can_multi_col | t
+ brin   | can_exclude   | f
+ brin   | can_include   | f
+ brin   | bogus         | 
+ btree  | can_order     | t
+ btree  | can_unique    | t
+ btree  | can_multi_col | t
+ btree  | can_exclude   | t
+ btree  | can_include   | t
+ btree  | bogus         | 
+ gin    | can_order     | f
+ gin    | can_unique    | f
+ gin    | can_multi_col | t
+ gin    | can_exclude   | f
+ gin    | can_include   | f
+ gin    | bogus         | 
+ gist   | can_order     | f
+ gist   | can_unique    | f
+ gist   | can_multi_col | t
+ gist   | can_exclude   | t
+ gist   | can_include   | t
+ gist   | bogus         | 
+ hash   | can_order     | f
+ hash   | can_unique    | f
+ hash   | can_multi_col | f
+ hash   | can_exclude   | t
+ hash   | can_include   | f
+ hash   | bogus         | 
+ spgist | can_order     | f
+ spgist | can_unique    | f
+ spgist | can_multi_col | f
+ spgist | can_exclude   | t
+ spgist | can_include   | t
+ spgist | bogus         | 
+(36 rows)
+
+--
+-- additional checks for pg_index_column_has_property
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, f4 int);
+CREATE INDEX fooindex ON foo (f1 desc, f2 asc, f3 nulls first, f4 nulls last);
+select col, prop, pg_index_column_has_property(o, col, prop)
+  from (values ('fooindex'::regclass)) v1(o),
+       (values (1,'orderable'),(2,'asc'),(3,'desc'),
+               (4,'nulls_first'),(5,'nulls_last'),
+               (6, 'bogus')) v2(idx,prop),
+       generate_series(1,4) col
+ order by col, idx;
+ col |    prop     | pg_index_column_has_property 
+-----+-------------+------------------------------
+   1 | orderable   | t
+   1 | asc         | f
+   1 | desc        | t
+   1 | nulls_first | t
+   1 | nulls_last  | f
+   1 | bogus       | 
+   2 | orderable   | t
+   2 | asc         | t
+   2 | desc        | f
+   2 | nulls_first | f
+   2 | nulls_last  | t
+   2 | bogus       | 
+   3 | orderable   | t
+   3 | asc         | t
+   3 | desc        | f
+   3 | nulls_first | t
+   3 | nulls_last  | f
+   3 | bogus       | 
+   4 | orderable   | t
+   4 | asc         | t
+   4 | desc        | f
+   4 | nulls_first | f
+   4 | nulls_last  | t
+   4 | bogus       | 
+(24 rows)
+
+CREATE INDEX foocover ON foo (f1) INCLUDE (f2,f3);
+select col, prop, pg_index_column_has_property(o, col, prop)
+  from (values ('foocover'::regclass)) v1(o),
+       (values (1,'orderable'),(2,'asc'),(3,'desc'),
+               (4,'nulls_first'),(5,'nulls_last'),
+               (6,'distance_orderable'),(7,'returnable'),
+               (8, 'bogus')) v2(idx,prop),
+       generate_series(1,3) col
+ order by col, idx;
+ col |        prop        | pg_index_column_has_property 
+-----+--------------------+------------------------------
+   1 | orderable          | t
+   1 | asc                | t
+   1 | desc               | f
+   1 | nulls_first        | f
+   1 | nulls_last         | t
+   1 | distance_orderable | f
+   1 | returnable         | t
+   1 | bogus              | 
+   2 | orderable          | f
+   2 | asc                | 
+   2 | desc               | 
+   2 | nulls_first        | 
+   2 | nulls_last         | 
+   2 | distance_orderable | f
+   2 | returnable         | t
+   2 | bogus              | 
+   3 | orderable          | f
+   3 | asc                | 
+   3 | desc               | 
+   3 | nulls_first        | 
+   3 | nulls_last         | 
+   3 | distance_orderable | f
+   3 | returnable         | t
+   3 | bogus              | 
+(24 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/arrays.out b/src/test/regress/expected/arrays.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a589947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/arrays.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2466 @@
+--
+-- ARRAYS
+--
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+CREATE TABLE arrtest (
+	a 			int2[],
+	b 			int4[][][],
+	c 			name[],
+	d			text[][],
+	e 			float8[],
+	f			char(5)[],
+	g			varchar(5)[]
+);
+CREATE TABLE array_op_test (
+	seqno		int4,
+	i			int4[],
+	t			text[]
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/array.data'
+COPY array_op_test FROM :'filename';
+ANALYZE array_op_test;
+--
+-- only the 'e' array is 0-based, the others are 1-based.
+--
+INSERT INTO arrtest (a[1:5], b[1:1][1:2][1:2], c, d, f, g)
+   VALUES ('{1,2,3,4,5}', '{{{0,0},{1,2}}}', '{}', '{}', '{}', '{}');
+UPDATE arrtest SET e[0] = '1.1';
+UPDATE arrtest SET e[1] = '2.2';
+INSERT INTO arrtest (f)
+   VALUES ('{"too long"}');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character(5)
+INSERT INTO arrtest (a, b[1:2][1:2], c, d, e, f, g)
+   VALUES ('{11,12,23}', '{{3,4},{4,5}}', '{"foobar"}',
+           '{{"elt1", "elt2"}}', '{"3.4", "6.7"}',
+           '{"abc","abcde"}', '{"abc","abcde"}');
+INSERT INTO arrtest (a, b[1:2], c, d[1:2])
+   VALUES ('{}', '{3,4}', '{foo,bar}', '{bar,foo}');
+INSERT INTO arrtest (b[2]) VALUES(now());  -- error, type mismatch
+ERROR:  subscripted assignment to "b" requires type integer but expression is of type timestamp with time zone
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO arrtest (b[2]) VALUES(now());
+                             ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+INSERT INTO arrtest (b[1:2]) VALUES(now());  -- error, type mismatch
+ERROR:  subscripted assignment to "b" requires type integer[] but expression is of type timestamp with time zone
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO arrtest (b[1:2]) VALUES(now());
+                             ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+SELECT * FROM arrtest;
+      a      |        b        |     c     |       d       |        e        |        f        |      g      
+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------
+ {1,2,3,4,5} | {{{0,0},{1,2}}} | {}        | {}            | [0:1]={1.1,2.2} | {}              | {}
+ {11,12,23}  | {{3,4},{4,5}}   | {foobar}  | {{elt1,elt2}} | {3.4,6.7}       | {"abc  ",abcde} | {abc,abcde}
+ {}          | {3,4}           | {foo,bar} | {bar,foo}     |                 |                 | 
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT arrtest.a[1],
+          arrtest.b[1][1][1],
+          arrtest.c[1],
+          arrtest.d[1][1],
+          arrtest.e[0]
+   FROM arrtest;
+ a  | b |   c    |  d   |  e  
+----+---+--------+------+-----
+  1 | 0 |        |      | 1.1
+ 11 |   | foobar | elt1 |    
+    |   | foo    |      |    
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT a[1], b[1][1][1], c[1], d[1][1], e[0]
+   FROM arrtest;
+ a  | b |   c    |  d   |  e  
+----+---+--------+------+-----
+  1 | 0 |        |      | 1.1
+ 11 |   | foobar | elt1 |    
+    |   | foo    |      |    
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT a[1:3],
+          b[1:1][1:2][1:2],
+          c[1:2],
+          d[1:1][1:2]
+   FROM arrtest;
+     a      |        b        |     c     |       d       
+------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------
+ {1,2,3}    | {{{0,0},{1,2}}} | {}        | {}
+ {11,12,23} | {}              | {foobar}  | {{elt1,elt2}}
+ {}         | {}              | {foo,bar} | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT array_ndims(a) AS a,array_ndims(b) AS b,array_ndims(c) AS c
+   FROM arrtest;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 3 |  
+ 1 | 2 | 1
+   | 1 | 1
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT array_dims(a) AS a,array_dims(b) AS b,array_dims(c) AS c
+   FROM arrtest;
+   a   |        b        |   c   
+-------+-----------------+-------
+ [1:5] | [1:1][1:2][1:2] | 
+ [1:3] | [1:2][1:2]      | [1:1]
+       | [1:2]           | [1:2]
+(3 rows)
+
+-- returns nothing
+SELECT *
+   FROM arrtest
+   WHERE a[1] < 5 and
+         c = '{"foobar"}'::_name;
+ a | b | c | d | e | f | g 
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET a[1:2] = '{16,25}'
+  WHERE NOT a = '{}'::_int2;
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET b[1:1][1:1][1:2] = '{113, 117}',
+      b[1:1][1:2][2:2] = '{142, 147}'
+  WHERE array_dims(b) = '[1:1][1:2][1:2]';
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET c[2:2] = '{"new_word"}'
+  WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
+SELECT a,b,c FROM arrtest;
+       a       |           b           |         c         
+---------------+-----------------------+-------------------
+ {16,25,3,4,5} | {{{113,142},{1,147}}} | {}
+ {}            | {3,4}                 | {foo,new_word}
+ {16,25,23}    | {{3,4},{4,5}}         | {foobar,new_word}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT a[1:3],
+          b[1:1][1:2][1:2],
+          c[1:2],
+          d[1:1][2:2]
+   FROM arrtest;
+     a      |           b           |         c         |    d     
+------------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------
+ {16,25,3}  | {{{113,142},{1,147}}} | {}                | {}
+ {}         | {}                    | {foo,new_word}    | {}
+ {16,25,23} | {}                    | {foobar,new_word} | {{elt2}}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT b[1:1][2][2],
+       d[1:1][2]
+   FROM arrtest;
+           b           |       d       
+-----------------------+---------------
+ {{{113,142},{1,147}}} | {}
+ {}                    | {}
+ {}                    | {{elt1,elt2}}
+(3 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO arrtest(a) VALUES('{1,null,3}');
+SELECT a FROM arrtest;
+       a       
+---------------
+ {16,25,3,4,5}
+ {}
+ {16,25,23}
+ {1,NULL,3}
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE arrtest SET a[4] = NULL WHERE a[2] IS NULL;
+SELECT a FROM arrtest WHERE a[2] IS NULL;
+        a        
+-----------------
+ [4:4]={NULL}
+ {1,NULL,3,NULL}
+(2 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM arrtest WHERE a[2] IS NULL AND b IS NULL;
+SELECT a,b,c FROM arrtest;
+       a       |           b           |         c         
+---------------+-----------------------+-------------------
+ {16,25,3,4,5} | {{{113,142},{1,147}}} | {}
+ {16,25,23}    | {{3,4},{4,5}}         | {foobar,new_word}
+ [4:4]={NULL}  | {3,4}                 | {foo,new_word}
+(3 rows)
+
+-- test mixed slice/scalar subscripting
+select '{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[];
+           int4            
+---------------------------
+ {{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[])[1:2][2];
+     int4      
+---------------
+ {{1,2},{4,5}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[];
+                 int4                 
+--------------------------------------
+ [0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}
+(1 row)
+
+select ('[0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[])[1:2][2];
+     int4      
+---------------
+ {{5,6},{8,9}}
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- check subscription corner cases
+--
+-- More subscripts than MAXDIM (6)
+SELECT ('{}'::int[])[1][2][3][4][5][6][7];
+ERROR:  number of array dimensions (7) exceeds the maximum allowed (6)
+-- NULL index yields NULL when selecting
+SELECT ('{{{1},{2},{3}},{{4},{5},{6}}}'::int[])[1][NULL][1];
+ int4 
+------
+     
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ('{{{1},{2},{3}},{{4},{5},{6}}}'::int[])[1][NULL:1][1];
+ int4 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ('{{{1},{2},{3}},{{4},{5},{6}}}'::int[])[1][1:NULL][1];
+ int4 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- NULL index in assignment is an error
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET c[NULL] = '{"can''t assign"}'
+  WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
+ERROR:  array subscript in assignment must not be null
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET c[NULL:1] = '{"can''t assign"}'
+  WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
+ERROR:  array subscript in assignment must not be null
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET c[1:NULL] = '{"can''t assign"}'
+  WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
+ERROR:  array subscript in assignment must not be null
+-- Un-subscriptable type
+SELECT (now())[1];
+ERROR:  cannot subscript type timestamp with time zone because it does not support subscripting
+LINE 1: SELECT (now())[1];
+                ^
+-- test slices with empty lower and/or upper index
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest_s (
+  a       int2[],
+  b       int2[][]
+);
+INSERT INTO arrtest_s VALUES ('{1,2,3,4,5}', '{{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}}');
+INSERT INTO arrtest_s VALUES ('[0:4]={1,2,3,4,5}', '[0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}}');
+SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
+         a         |                  b                   
+-------------------+--------------------------------------
+ {1,2,3,4,5}       | {{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}
+ [0:4]={1,2,3,4,5} | [0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a[:3], b[:2][:2] FROM arrtest_s;
+     a     |             b             
+-----------+---------------------------
+ {1,2,3}   | {{1,2},{4,5}}
+ {1,2,3,4} | {{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a[2:], b[2:][2:] FROM arrtest_s;
+     a     |       b       
+-----------+---------------
+ {2,3,4,5} | {{5,6},{8,9}}
+ {3,4,5}   | {{9}}
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a[:], b[:] FROM arrtest_s;
+      a      |             b             
+-------------+---------------------------
+ {1,2,3,4,5} | {{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}
+ {1,2,3,4,5} | {{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- updates
+UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:3] = '{11, 12, 13}', b[:2][:2] = '{{11,12}, {14,15}}'
+  WHERE array_lower(a,1) = 1;
+SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
+         a         |                  b                   
+-------------------+--------------------------------------
+ [0:4]={1,2,3,4,5} | [0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}
+ {11,12,13,4,5}    | {{11,12,3},{14,15,6},{7,8,9}}
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[3:] = '{23, 24, 25}', b[2:][2:] = '{{25,26}, {28,29}}';
+SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
+          a          |                   b                   
+---------------------+---------------------------------------
+ [0:4]={1,2,3,23,24} | [0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,25}}
+ {11,12,23,24,25}    | {{11,12,3},{14,25,26},{7,28,29}}
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:] = '{11, 12, 13, 14, 15}';
+SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
+           a            |                   b                   
+------------------------+---------------------------------------
+ [0:4]={11,12,13,14,15} | [0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,25}}
+ {11,12,13,14,15}       | {{11,12,3},{14,25,26},{7,28,29}}
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:] = '{23, 24, 25}';  -- fail, too small
+ERROR:  source array too small
+INSERT INTO arrtest_s VALUES(NULL, NULL);
+UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:] = '{11, 12, 13, 14, 15}';  -- fail, no good with null
+ERROR:  array slice subscript must provide both boundaries
+DETAIL:  When assigning to a slice of an empty array value, slice boundaries must be fully specified.
+-- we want to work with a point_tbl that includes a null
+CREATE TEMP TABLE point_tbl AS SELECT * FROM public.point_tbl;
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES (NULL);
+-- check with fixed-length-array type, such as point
+SELECT f1[0:1] FROM POINT_TBL;
+ERROR:  slices of fixed-length arrays not implemented
+SELECT f1[0:] FROM POINT_TBL;
+ERROR:  slices of fixed-length arrays not implemented
+SELECT f1[:1] FROM POINT_TBL;
+ERROR:  slices of fixed-length arrays not implemented
+SELECT f1[:] FROM POINT_TBL;
+ERROR:  slices of fixed-length arrays not implemented
+-- subscript assignments to fixed-width result in NULL if previous value is NULL
+UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[0] = 10 WHERE f1 IS NULL RETURNING *;
+ f1 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO point_tbl(f1[0]) VALUES(0) RETURNING *;
+ f1 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- NULL assignments get ignored
+UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[0] = NULL WHERE f1::text = '(10,10)'::point::text RETURNING *;
+   f1    
+---------
+ (10,10)
+(1 row)
+
+-- but non-NULL subscript assignments work
+UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[0] = -10, f1[1] = -10 WHERE f1::text = '(10,10)'::point::text RETURNING *;
+    f1     
+-----------
+ (-10,-10)
+(1 row)
+
+-- but not to expand the range
+UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[3] = 10 WHERE f1::text = '(-10,-10)'::point::text RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  array subscript out of range
+--
+-- test array extension
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest1 (i int[], t text[]);
+insert into arrtest1 values(array[1,2,null,4], array['one','two',null,'four']);
+select * from arrtest1;
+      i       |          t          
+--------------+---------------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4} | {one,two,NULL,four}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[2] = 22, t[2] = 'twenty-two';
+select * from arrtest1;
+       i       |             t              
+---------------+----------------------------
+ {1,22,NULL,4} | {one,twenty-two,NULL,four}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[5] = 5, t[5] = 'five';
+select * from arrtest1;
+        i        |                t                
+-----------------+---------------------------------
+ {1,22,NULL,4,5} | {one,twenty-two,NULL,four,five}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[8] = 8, t[8] = 'eight';
+select * from arrtest1;
+              i              |                        t                        
+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
+ {1,22,NULL,4,5,NULL,NULL,8} | {one,twenty-two,NULL,four,five,NULL,NULL,eight}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[0] = 0, t[0] = 'zero';
+select * from arrtest1;
+                  i                  |                             t                              
+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------
+ [0:8]={0,1,22,NULL,4,5,NULL,NULL,8} | [0:8]={zero,one,twenty-two,NULL,four,five,NULL,NULL,eight}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[-3] = -3, t[-3] = 'minus-three';
+select * from arrtest1;
+                         i                         |                                         t                                         
+---------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [-3:8]={-3,NULL,NULL,0,1,22,NULL,4,5,NULL,NULL,8} | [-3:8]={minus-three,NULL,NULL,zero,one,twenty-two,NULL,four,five,NULL,NULL,eight}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[0:2] = array[10,11,12], t[0:2] = array['ten','eleven','twelve'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+                          i                          |                                        t                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [-3:8]={-3,NULL,NULL,10,11,12,NULL,4,5,NULL,NULL,8} | [-3:8]={minus-three,NULL,NULL,ten,eleven,twelve,NULL,four,five,NULL,NULL,eight}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[8:10] = array[18,null,20], t[8:10] = array['p18',null,'p20'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+                               i                               |                                            t                                            
+---------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [-3:10]={-3,NULL,NULL,10,11,12,NULL,4,5,NULL,NULL,18,NULL,20} | [-3:10]={minus-three,NULL,NULL,ten,eleven,twelve,NULL,four,five,NULL,NULL,p18,NULL,p20}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[11:12] = array[null,22], t[11:12] = array[null,'p22'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+                                   i                                   |                                                t                                                 
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [-3:12]={-3,NULL,NULL,10,11,12,NULL,4,5,NULL,NULL,18,NULL,20,NULL,22} | [-3:12]={minus-three,NULL,NULL,ten,eleven,twelve,NULL,four,five,NULL,NULL,p18,NULL,p20,NULL,p22}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[15:16] = array[null,26], t[15:16] = array[null,'p26'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+                                            i                                            |                                                          t                                                          
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [-3:16]={-3,NULL,NULL,10,11,12,NULL,4,5,NULL,NULL,18,NULL,20,NULL,22,NULL,NULL,NULL,26} | [-3:16]={minus-three,NULL,NULL,ten,eleven,twelve,NULL,four,five,NULL,NULL,p18,NULL,p20,NULL,p22,NULL,NULL,NULL,p26}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[-5:-3] = array[-15,-14,-13], t[-5:-3] = array['m15','m14','m13'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+                                                i                                                 |                                                          t                                                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [-5:16]={-15,-14,-13,NULL,NULL,10,11,12,NULL,4,5,NULL,NULL,18,NULL,20,NULL,22,NULL,NULL,NULL,26} | [-5:16]={m15,m14,m13,NULL,NULL,ten,eleven,twelve,NULL,four,five,NULL,NULL,p18,NULL,p20,NULL,p22,NULL,NULL,NULL,p26}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[-7:-6] = array[-17,null], t[-7:-6] = array['m17',null];
+select * from arrtest1;
+                                                     i                                                     |                                                              t                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [-7:16]={-17,NULL,-15,-14,-13,NULL,NULL,10,11,12,NULL,4,5,NULL,NULL,18,NULL,20,NULL,22,NULL,NULL,NULL,26} | [-7:16]={m17,NULL,m15,m14,m13,NULL,NULL,ten,eleven,twelve,NULL,four,five,NULL,NULL,p18,NULL,p20,NULL,p22,NULL,NULL,NULL,p26}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[-12:-10] = array[-22,null,-20], t[-12:-10] = array['m22',null,'m20'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+                                                                 i                                                                 |                                                                          t                                                                           
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [-12:16]={-22,NULL,-20,NULL,NULL,-17,NULL,-15,-14,-13,NULL,NULL,10,11,12,NULL,4,5,NULL,NULL,18,NULL,20,NULL,22,NULL,NULL,NULL,26} | [-12:16]={m22,NULL,m20,NULL,NULL,m17,NULL,m15,m14,m13,NULL,NULL,ten,eleven,twelve,NULL,four,five,NULL,NULL,p18,NULL,p20,NULL,p22,NULL,NULL,NULL,p26}
+(1 row)
+
+delete from arrtest1;
+insert into arrtest1 values(array[1,2,null,4], array['one','two',null,'four']);
+select * from arrtest1;
+      i       |          t          
+--------------+---------------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4} | {one,two,NULL,four}
+(1 row)
+
+update arrtest1 set i[0:5] = array[0,1,2,null,4,5], t[0:5] = array['z','p1','p2',null,'p4','p5'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+           i            |             t              
+------------------------+----------------------------
+ [0:5]={0,1,2,NULL,4,5} | [0:5]={z,p1,p2,NULL,p4,p5}
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- array expressions and operators
+--
+-- table creation and INSERTs
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest2 (i integer ARRAY[4], f float8[], n numeric[], t text[], d timestamp[]);
+INSERT INTO arrtest2 VALUES(
+  ARRAY[[[113,142],[1,147]]],
+  ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3]::float8[],
+  ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3],
+  ARRAY[[['aaa','aab'],['aba','abb'],['aca','acb']],[['baa','bab'],['bba','bbb'],['bca','bcb']]],
+  ARRAY['19620326','19931223','19970117']::timestamp[]
+);
+-- some more test data
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest_f (f0 int, f1 text, f2 float8);
+insert into arrtest_f values(1,'cat1',1.21);
+insert into arrtest_f values(2,'cat1',1.24);
+insert into arrtest_f values(3,'cat1',1.18);
+insert into arrtest_f values(4,'cat1',1.26);
+insert into arrtest_f values(5,'cat1',1.15);
+insert into arrtest_f values(6,'cat2',1.15);
+insert into arrtest_f values(7,'cat2',1.26);
+insert into arrtest_f values(8,'cat2',1.32);
+insert into arrtest_f values(9,'cat2',1.30);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest_i (f0 int, f1 text, f2 int);
+insert into arrtest_i values(1,'cat1',21);
+insert into arrtest_i values(2,'cat1',24);
+insert into arrtest_i values(3,'cat1',18);
+insert into arrtest_i values(4,'cat1',26);
+insert into arrtest_i values(5,'cat1',15);
+insert into arrtest_i values(6,'cat2',15);
+insert into arrtest_i values(7,'cat2',26);
+insert into arrtest_i values(8,'cat2',32);
+insert into arrtest_i values(9,'cat2',30);
+-- expressions
+SELECT t.f[1][3][1] AS "131", t.f[2][2][1] AS "221" FROM (
+  SELECT ARRAY[[[111,112],[121,122],[131,132]],[[211,212],[221,122],[231,232]]] AS f
+) AS t;
+ 131 | 221 
+-----+-----
+ 131 | 221
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ARRAY[[[[[['hello'],['world']]]]]];
+           array           
+---------------------------
+ {{{{{{hello},{world}}}}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ARRAY[ARRAY['hello'],ARRAY['world']];
+       array       
+-------------------
+ {{hello},{world}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ARRAY(select f2 from arrtest_f order by f2) AS "ARRAY";
+                     ARRAY                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {1.15,1.15,1.18,1.21,1.24,1.26,1.26,1.3,1.32}
+(1 row)
+
+-- with nulls
+SELECT '{1,null,3}'::int[];
+    int4    
+------------
+ {1,NULL,3}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ARRAY[1,NULL,3];
+   array    
+------------
+ {1,NULL,3}
+(1 row)
+
+-- functions
+SELECT array_append(array[42], 6) AS "{42,6}";
+ {42,6} 
+--------
+ {42,6}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_prepend(6, array[42]) AS "{6,42}";
+ {6,42} 
+--------
+ {6,42}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[3,4]) AS "{1,2,3,4}";
+ {1,2,3,4} 
+-----------
+ {1,2,3,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[[3,4],[5,6]]) AS "{{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}";
+ {{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}} 
+---------------------
+ {{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[[3,4],[5,6]], ARRAY[1,2]) AS "{{3,4},{5,6},{1,2}}";
+ {{3,4},{5,6},{1,2}} 
+---------------------
+ {{3,4},{5,6},{1,2}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5], 4);
+ array_position 
+----------------
+              4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY[5,3,4,2,1], 4);
+ array_position 
+----------------
+              3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]], 3);
+ERROR:  searching for elements in multidimensional arrays is not supported
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu','fri','sat'], 'mon');
+ array_position 
+----------------
+              2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu','fri','sat'], 'sat');
+ array_position 
+----------------
+              7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu','fri','sat'], NULL);
+ array_position 
+----------------
+               
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu',NULL,'fri','sat'], NULL);
+ array_position 
+----------------
+              6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu',NULL,'fri','sat'], 'sat');
+ array_position 
+----------------
+              8
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_positions(NULL, 10);
+ array_positions 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_positions(NULL, NULL::int);
+ array_positions 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,3,4,5,6], 4);
+ array_positions 
+-----------------
+ {4,10}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]], 4);
+ERROR:  searching for elements in multidimensional arrays is not supported
+SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,3,4,5,6], NULL);
+ array_positions 
+-----------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[1,2,3,NULL,5,6,1,2,3,NULL,5,6], NULL);
+ array_positions 
+-----------------
+ {4,10}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_length(array_positions(ARRAY(SELECT 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA'::text || i % 10
+                                          FROM generate_series(1,100) g(i)),
+                                  'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA5'), 1);
+ array_length 
+--------------
+           10
+(1 row)
+
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+  o int;
+  a int[] := ARRAY[1,2,3,2,3,1,2];
+BEGIN
+  o := array_position(a, 2);
+  WHILE o IS NOT NULL
+  LOOP
+    RAISE NOTICE '%', o;
+    o := array_position(a, 2, o + 1);
+  END LOOP;
+END
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+NOTICE:  2
+NOTICE:  4
+NOTICE:  7
+SELECT array_position('[2:4]={1,2,3}'::int[], 1);
+ array_position 
+----------------
+              2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_positions('[2:4]={1,2,3}'::int[], 1);
+ array_positions 
+-----------------
+ {2}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT
+    array_position(ids, (1, 1)),
+    array_positions(ids, (1, 1))
+        FROM
+(VALUES
+    (ARRAY[(0, 0), (1, 1)]),
+    (ARRAY[(1, 1)])
+) AS f (ids);
+ array_position | array_positions 
+----------------+-----------------
+              2 | {2}
+              1 | {1}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- operators
+SELECT a FROM arrtest WHERE b = ARRAY[[[113,142],[1,147]]];
+       a       
+---------------
+ {16,25,3,4,5}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT NOT ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3] = ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3] AS "FALSE";
+ FALSE 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ARRAY[1,2] || 3 AS "{1,2,3}";
+ {1,2,3} 
+---------
+ {1,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 0 || ARRAY[1,2] AS "{0,1,2}";
+ {0,1,2} 
+---------
+ {0,1,2}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ARRAY[1,2] || ARRAY[3,4] AS "{1,2,3,4}";
+ {1,2,3,4} 
+-----------
+ {1,2,3,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ARRAY[[['hello','world']]] || ARRAY[[['happy','birthday']]] AS "ARRAY";
+                ARRAY                 
+--------------------------------------
+ {{{hello,world}},{{happy,birthday}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]] || ARRAY[5,6] AS "{{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}";
+ {{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}} 
+---------------------
+ {{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ARRAY[0,0] || ARRAY[1,1] || ARRAY[2,2] AS "{0,0,1,1,2,2}";
+ {0,0,1,1,2,2} 
+---------------
+ {0,0,1,1,2,2}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 0 || ARRAY[1,2] || 3 AS "{0,1,2,3}";
+ {0,1,2,3} 
+-----------
+ {0,1,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ARRAY[1.1] || ARRAY[2,3,4];
+  ?column?   
+-------------
+ {1.1,2,3,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_agg(x) || array_agg(x) FROM (VALUES (ROW(1,2)), (ROW(3,4))) v(x);
+             ?column?              
+-----------------------------------
+ {"(1,2)","(3,4)","(1,2)","(3,4)"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ROW(1,2) || array_agg(x) FROM (VALUES (ROW(3,4)), (ROW(5,6))) v(x);
+         ?column?          
+---------------------------
+ {"(1,2)","(3,4)","(5,6)"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23}  | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576}
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}                | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    53 | {38,17}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    65 | {61,5,76,59,17}                 | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23}  | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576}
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}                | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    53 | {38,17}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    65 | {61,5,76,59,17}                 | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23}  | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576}
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}                | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    53 | {38,17}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    65 | {61,5,76,59,17}                 | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i <@ '{38,34,32,89}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |       i       |                                                             t                                                              
+-------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    40 | {34}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAA74623}
+    74 | {32}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+   101 | {}            | {}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i  | t  
+-------+----+----
+   101 | {} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                                                       t                                                                                                        
+-------+---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     1 | {92,75,71,52,64,83}             | {AAAAAAAA44066,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAA48038}
+     2 | {3,6}                           | {AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAA12793}
+     3 | {37,64,95,43,3,41,13,30,11,43}  | {AAAAAAAAAA48845,AAAAA75968,AAAAA95309,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA99836,A96617,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246}
+     4 | {71,39,99,55,33,75,45}          | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAA99043,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,39557}
+     5 | {50,42,77,50,4}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+     7 | {12,51,88,64,8}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+     8 | {60,84}                         | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA64741,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+     9 | {56,52,35,27,80,44,81,22}       | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AAAAAAA66161,AA88409,39557,A27153,AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAA99000}
+    10 | {71,5,45}                       | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAA27249}
+    11 | {41,86,74,48,22,74,47,50}       | {AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAA62737,39557}
+    12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23}  | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576}
+    13 | {3,52,34,23}                    | {AAAAAA98232,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    14 | {78,57,19}                      | {AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909}
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}                | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    16 | {14,63,85,11}                   | {AAAAAA66777}
+    17 | {7,10,81,85}                    | {AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356}
+    18 | {1}                             | {AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AAAAA95309,64261,AAA59323,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA64374}
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    20 | {72,89,70,51,54,37,8,49,79}     | {AAAAAA58494}
+    21 | {2,8,65,10,5,79,43}             | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAA64669,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1443,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAA12179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA41303,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420}
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30}              | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    23 | {40,90,5,38,72,40,30,10,43,55}  | {A6053,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AA17009,AAAAA17383,AAAAA70514,AAAAA33250,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562}
+    24 | {94,61,99,35,48}                | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAA55219}
+    25 | {31,1,10,11,27,79,38}           | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,45449}
+    26 | {71,10,9,69,75}                 | {47735,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAA41597,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA17009}
+    27 | {94}                            | {AA6416,A6053,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254}
+    28 | {14,33,6,34,14}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAA18601}
+    29 | {39,21}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAA1242,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAA35194}
+    30 | {26,81,47,91,34}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAA80240}
+    31 | {80,24,18,21,54}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,A27153,AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,A68938}
+    32 | {58,79,82,80,67,75,98,10,41}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA87527,A96617,51533}
+    33 | {74,73}                         | {A85417,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62159,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796}
+    34 | {70,45}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA1242}
+    35 | {23,40}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAA34727,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAA91194,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084}
+    36 | {79,82,14,52,30,5,79}           | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598}
+    37 | {53,11,81,39,3,78,58,64,74}     | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    38 | {59,5,4,95,28}                  | {AAAAAAAAAAA82945,A96617,47735,AAAAA12179,AAAAA64669,AAAAAA99807,AA74433,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387}
+    39 | {82,43,99,16,74}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,A27153,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620}
+    40 | {34}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAA74623}
+    41 | {19,26,63,12,93,73,27,94}       | {AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666}
+    42 | {15,76,82,75,8,91}              | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAA38063,45449,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAA81898,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,45449,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    43 | {39,87,91,97,79,28}             | {AAAAAAAAAAA74076,A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+    44 | {40,58,68,29,54}                | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAA98232}
+    45 | {99,45}                         | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    46 | {53,24}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAA54032,AAAAA17383,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAAA18601,AAAAA64669,45449,AAAAAAAAAAA98051,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621}
+    47 | {98,23,64,12,75,61}             | {AAA59323,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAA1059,A84822,55847,AAAAA70466}
+    48 | {76,14}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA59671,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA40402,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037}
+    49 | {56,5,54,37,49}                 | {AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    50 | {20,12,37,64,93}                | {AAAAAAAAAA5483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    51 | {47}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAA81587,AA6416,AAAA91194,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAA69452}
+    52 | {89,0}                          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AA66862}
+    53 | {38,17}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    54 | {70,47}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAA41597,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AA15322}
+    55 | {47,79,47,64,72,25,71,24,93}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAA62737}
+    56 | {33,7,60,54,93,90,77,85,39}     | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AA42406}
+    57 | {23,45,10,42,36,21,9,96}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415}
+    58 | {92}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA6119}
+    59 | {9,69,46,77}                    | {39557,AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAA20874,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    60 | {62,2,59,38,89}                 | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA99927,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875}
+    61 | {72,2,44,95,54,54,13}           | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804}
+    62 | {83,72,29,73}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA15097,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183,AAAAAA43678,A96617}
+    63 | {11,4,61,87}                    | {AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAA20874,39557,51533,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAA78938}
+    64 | {26,19,34,24,81,78}             | {A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AA17009,AAAAAAA80240}
+    65 | {61,5,76,59,17}                 | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012}
+    66 | {31,23,70,52,4,33,48,25}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAA35194,39557,AAAAAAA99836}
+    67 | {31,94,7,10}                    | {AAAAAA38063,A96617,AAAA35194,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+    68 | {90,43,38}                      | {AA75092,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AA21643}
+    69 | {67,35,99,85,72,86,44}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    70 | {56,70,83}                      | {AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,A27153,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAA1242}
+    71 | {74,26}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AA74433,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAA43419,39557}
+    72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83}           | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+    73 | {88,25,96,78,65,15,29,19}       | {AAA54451,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    75 | {12,96,83,24,71,89,55}          | {AAAA48949,AAAAAAAA29716,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAA28075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052}
+    76 | {92,55,10,7}                    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    78 | {55,89,44,84,34}                | {AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AA99927,AA42406,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620}
+    79 | {45}                            | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+    80 | {74,89,44,80,0}                 | {AAAA35194,AAAAAAAA79710,AAA20874,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007}
+    81 | {63,77,54,48,61,53,97}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAAAA72121}
+    82 | {34,60,4,79,78,16,86,89,42,50}  | {AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+    83 | {14,10}                         | {AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAAA6119}
+    84 | {11,83,35,13,96,94}             | {AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183}
+    85 | {39,60}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,55847,AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAAAAA46154}
+    86 | {33,81,72,74,45,36,82}          | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,45449,AAAA80176}
+    87 | {57,27,50,12,97,68}             | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAA66777,31228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505}
+    88 | {41,90,77,24,6,24}              | {AAAA35194,AAAA35194,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AA74433}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    90 | {88,75}                         | {AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526}
+    91 | {78}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAA99043}
+    92 | {85,63,49,45}                   | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089}
+    93 | {11}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAAAA9821,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AA99927,AAAAA17383}
+    94 | {98,9,85,62,88,91,60,61,38,86}  | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    95 | {47,77}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAAA18107,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAA56483}
+    96 | {23,97,43}                      | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+    97 | {54,2,86,65}                    | {47735,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA39692,AA21643}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+    99 | {37,86}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAA70514,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+   101 | {}                              | {}
+   102 | {NULL}                          | {NULL}
+(102 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i | t 
+-------+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i  | t  
+-------+----+----
+   101 | {} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i = '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |   i    |   t    
+-------+--------+--------
+   102 | {NULL} | {NULL}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i | t 
+-------+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i | t 
+-------+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i <@ '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i  | t  
+-------+----+----
+   101 | {} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |           i           |                                                                     t                                                                      
+-------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30}    | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    45 | {99,45}               | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83} | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+    79 | {45}                  | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |           i           |                                                                     t                                                                      
+-------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30}    | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    45 | {99,45}               | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83} | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+    79 | {45}                  | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |        i         |                                 t                                  
+-------+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    79 | {45}             | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+    96 | {23,97,43}       | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |        i         |                                 t                                  
+-------+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    79 | {45}             | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+    96 | {23,97,43}       | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |  i   |                                 t                                  
+-------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+    79 | {45} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |           i           |                                                                     t                                                                      
+-------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}      | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30}    | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    45 | {99,45}               | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83} | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+    79 | {45}                  | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+    96 | {23,97,43}            | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t <@ '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |         i          |                                                     t                                                     
+-------+--------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30} | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    45 | {99,45}            | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+   101 | {}                 | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i  | t  
+-------+----+----
+   101 | {} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                                                       t                                                                                                        
+-------+---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     1 | {92,75,71,52,64,83}             | {AAAAAAAA44066,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAA48038}
+     2 | {3,6}                           | {AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAA12793}
+     3 | {37,64,95,43,3,41,13,30,11,43}  | {AAAAAAAAAA48845,AAAAA75968,AAAAA95309,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA99836,A96617,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246}
+     4 | {71,39,99,55,33,75,45}          | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAA99043,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,39557}
+     5 | {50,42,77,50,4}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+     7 | {12,51,88,64,8}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+     8 | {60,84}                         | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA64741,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+     9 | {56,52,35,27,80,44,81,22}       | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AAAAAAA66161,AA88409,39557,A27153,AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAA99000}
+    10 | {71,5,45}                       | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAA27249}
+    11 | {41,86,74,48,22,74,47,50}       | {AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAA62737,39557}
+    12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23}  | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576}
+    13 | {3,52,34,23}                    | {AAAAAA98232,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    14 | {78,57,19}                      | {AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909}
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}                | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    16 | {14,63,85,11}                   | {AAAAAA66777}
+    17 | {7,10,81,85}                    | {AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356}
+    18 | {1}                             | {AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AAAAA95309,64261,AAA59323,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA64374}
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    20 | {72,89,70,51,54,37,8,49,79}     | {AAAAAA58494}
+    21 | {2,8,65,10,5,79,43}             | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAA64669,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1443,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAA12179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA41303,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420}
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30}              | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    23 | {40,90,5,38,72,40,30,10,43,55}  | {A6053,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AA17009,AAAAA17383,AAAAA70514,AAAAA33250,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562}
+    24 | {94,61,99,35,48}                | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAA55219}
+    25 | {31,1,10,11,27,79,38}           | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,45449}
+    26 | {71,10,9,69,75}                 | {47735,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAA41597,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA17009}
+    27 | {94}                            | {AA6416,A6053,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254}
+    28 | {14,33,6,34,14}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAA18601}
+    29 | {39,21}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAA1242,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAA35194}
+    30 | {26,81,47,91,34}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAA80240}
+    31 | {80,24,18,21,54}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,A27153,AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,A68938}
+    32 | {58,79,82,80,67,75,98,10,41}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA87527,A96617,51533}
+    33 | {74,73}                         | {A85417,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62159,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796}
+    34 | {70,45}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA1242}
+    35 | {23,40}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAA34727,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAA91194,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084}
+    36 | {79,82,14,52,30,5,79}           | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598}
+    37 | {53,11,81,39,3,78,58,64,74}     | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    38 | {59,5,4,95,28}                  | {AAAAAAAAAAA82945,A96617,47735,AAAAA12179,AAAAA64669,AAAAAA99807,AA74433,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387}
+    39 | {82,43,99,16,74}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,A27153,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620}
+    40 | {34}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAA74623}
+    41 | {19,26,63,12,93,73,27,94}       | {AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666}
+    42 | {15,76,82,75,8,91}              | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAA38063,45449,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAA81898,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,45449,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    43 | {39,87,91,97,79,28}             | {AAAAAAAAAAA74076,A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+    44 | {40,58,68,29,54}                | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAA98232}
+    45 | {99,45}                         | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    46 | {53,24}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAA54032,AAAAA17383,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAAA18601,AAAAA64669,45449,AAAAAAAAAAA98051,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621}
+    47 | {98,23,64,12,75,61}             | {AAA59323,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAA1059,A84822,55847,AAAAA70466}
+    48 | {76,14}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA59671,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA40402,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037}
+    49 | {56,5,54,37,49}                 | {AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    50 | {20,12,37,64,93}                | {AAAAAAAAAA5483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    51 | {47}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAA81587,AA6416,AAAA91194,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAA69452}
+    52 | {89,0}                          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AA66862}
+    53 | {38,17}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    54 | {70,47}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAA41597,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AA15322}
+    55 | {47,79,47,64,72,25,71,24,93}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAA62737}
+    56 | {33,7,60,54,93,90,77,85,39}     | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AA42406}
+    57 | {23,45,10,42,36,21,9,96}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415}
+    58 | {92}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA6119}
+    59 | {9,69,46,77}                    | {39557,AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAA20874,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    60 | {62,2,59,38,89}                 | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA99927,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875}
+    61 | {72,2,44,95,54,54,13}           | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804}
+    62 | {83,72,29,73}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA15097,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183,AAAAAA43678,A96617}
+    63 | {11,4,61,87}                    | {AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAA20874,39557,51533,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAA78938}
+    64 | {26,19,34,24,81,78}             | {A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AA17009,AAAAAAA80240}
+    65 | {61,5,76,59,17}                 | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012}
+    66 | {31,23,70,52,4,33,48,25}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAA35194,39557,AAAAAAA99836}
+    67 | {31,94,7,10}                    | {AAAAAA38063,A96617,AAAA35194,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+    68 | {90,43,38}                      | {AA75092,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AA21643}
+    69 | {67,35,99,85,72,86,44}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    70 | {56,70,83}                      | {AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,A27153,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAA1242}
+    71 | {74,26}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AA74433,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAA43419,39557}
+    72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83}           | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+    73 | {88,25,96,78,65,15,29,19}       | {AAA54451,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    75 | {12,96,83,24,71,89,55}          | {AAAA48949,AAAAAAAA29716,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAA28075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052}
+    76 | {92,55,10,7}                    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    78 | {55,89,44,84,34}                | {AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AA99927,AA42406,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620}
+    79 | {45}                            | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+    80 | {74,89,44,80,0}                 | {AAAA35194,AAAAAAAA79710,AAA20874,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007}
+    81 | {63,77,54,48,61,53,97}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAAAA72121}
+    82 | {34,60,4,79,78,16,86,89,42,50}  | {AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+    83 | {14,10}                         | {AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAAA6119}
+    84 | {11,83,35,13,96,94}             | {AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183}
+    85 | {39,60}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,55847,AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAAAAA46154}
+    86 | {33,81,72,74,45,36,82}          | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,45449,AAAA80176}
+    87 | {57,27,50,12,97,68}             | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAA66777,31228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505}
+    88 | {41,90,77,24,6,24}              | {AAAA35194,AAAA35194,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AA74433}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    90 | {88,75}                         | {AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526}
+    91 | {78}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAA99043}
+    92 | {85,63,49,45}                   | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089}
+    93 | {11}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAAAA9821,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AA99927,AAAAA17383}
+    94 | {98,9,85,62,88,91,60,61,38,86}  | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    95 | {47,77}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAAA18107,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAA56483}
+    96 | {23,97,43}                      | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+    97 | {54,2,86,65}                    | {47735,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA39692,AA21643}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+    99 | {37,86}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAA70514,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+   101 | {}                              | {}
+   102 | {NULL}                          | {NULL}
+(102 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i | t 
+-------+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i  | t  
+-------+----+----
+   101 | {} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+-- array casts
+SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3]::text[]::int[]::float8[] AS "{1,2,3}";
+ {1,2,3} 
+---------
+ {1,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_typeof(ARRAY[1,2,3]::text[]::int[]::float8[]) AS "double precision[]";
+ double precision[] 
+--------------------
+ double precision[]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ARRAY[['a','bc'],['def','hijk']]::text[]::varchar[] AS "{{a,bc},{def,hijk}}";
+ {{a,bc},{def,hijk}} 
+---------------------
+ {{a,bc},{def,hijk}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_typeof(ARRAY[['a','bc'],['def','hijk']]::text[]::varchar[]) AS "character varying[]";
+ character varying[] 
+---------------------
+ character varying[]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT CAST(ARRAY[[[[[['a','bb','ccc']]]]]] as text[]) as "{{{{{{a,bb,ccc}}}}}}";
+ {{{{{{a,bb,ccc}}}}}} 
+----------------------
+ {{{{{{a,bb,ccc}}}}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT NULL::text[]::int[] AS "NULL";
+ NULL 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- scalar op any/all (array)
+select 33 = any ('{1,2,3}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 33 = any ('{1,2,33}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 33 = all ('{1,2,33}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 33 >= all ('{1,2,33}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- boundary cases
+select null::int >= all ('{1,2,33}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select null::int >= all ('{}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select null::int >= any ('{}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- cross-datatype
+select 33.4 = any (array[1,2,3]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 33.4 > all (array[1,2,3]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors
+select 33 * any ('{1,2,3}');
+ERROR:  op ANY/ALL (array) requires operator to yield boolean
+LINE 1: select 33 * any ('{1,2,3}');
+                  ^
+select 33 * any (44);
+ERROR:  op ANY/ALL (array) requires array on right side
+LINE 1: select 33 * any (44);
+                  ^
+-- nulls
+select 33 = any (null::int[]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select null::int = any ('{1,2,3}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select 33 = any ('{1,null,3}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select 33 = any ('{1,null,33}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 33 = all (null::int[]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select null::int = all ('{1,2,3}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select 33 = all ('{1,null,3}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 33 = all ('{33,null,33}');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- nulls later in the bitmap
+SELECT -1 != ALL(ARRAY(SELECT NULLIF(g.i, 900) FROM generate_series(1,1000) g(i)));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- test indexes on arrays
+create temp table arr_tbl (f1 int[] unique);
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2,3}');
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2}');
+-- failure expected:
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2,3}');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "arr_tbl_f1_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=({1,2,3}) already exists.
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{2,3,4}');
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,5,3}');
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2,10}');
+set enable_seqscan to off;
+set enable_bitmapscan to off;
+select * from arr_tbl where f1 > '{1,2,3}' and f1 <= '{1,5,3}';
+    f1    
+----------
+ {1,2,10}
+ {1,5,3}
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from arr_tbl where f1 >= '{1,2,3}' and f1 < '{1,5,3}';
+    f1    
+----------
+ {1,2,3}
+ {1,2,10}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE with arrays
+create temp table arr_pk_tbl (pk int4 primary key, f1 int[]);
+insert into arr_pk_tbl values (1, '{1,2,3}');
+insert into arr_pk_tbl values (1, '{3,4,5}') on conflict (pk)
+  do update set f1[1] = excluded.f1[1], f1[3] = excluded.f1[3]
+  returning pk, f1;
+ pk |   f1    
+----+---------
+  1 | {3,2,5}
+(1 row)
+
+insert into arr_pk_tbl(pk, f1[1:2]) values (1, '{6,7,8}') on conflict (pk)
+  do update set f1[1] = excluded.f1[1],
+    f1[2] = excluded.f1[2],
+    f1[3] = excluded.f1[3]
+  returning pk, f1;
+ pk |     f1     
+----+------------
+  1 | {6,7,NULL}
+(1 row)
+
+-- note: if above selects don't produce the expected tuple order,
+-- then you didn't get an indexscan plan, and something is busted.
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+-- test subscript overflow detection
+-- The normal error message includes a platform-dependent limit,
+-- so suppress it to avoid needing multiple expected-files.
+\set VERBOSITY sqlstate
+insert into arr_pk_tbl values(10, '[-2147483648:-2147483647]={1,2}');
+update arr_pk_tbl set f1[2147483647] = 42 where pk = 10;
+ERROR:  54000
+update arr_pk_tbl set f1[2147483646:2147483647] = array[4,2] where pk = 10;
+ERROR:  54000
+-- also exercise the expanded-array case
+do $$ declare a int[];
+begin
+  a := '[-2147483648:-2147483647]={1,2}'::int[];
+  a[2147483647] := 42;
+end $$;
+ERROR:  54000
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- test [not] (like|ilike) (any|all) (...)
+select 'foo' like any (array['%a', '%o']); -- t
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'foo' like any (array['%a', '%b']); -- f
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'foo' like all (array['f%', '%o']); -- t
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'foo' like all (array['f%', '%b']); -- f
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'foo' not like any (array['%a', '%b']); -- t
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'foo' not like all (array['%a', '%o']); -- f
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'foo' ilike any (array['%A', '%O']); -- t
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'foo' ilike all (array['F%', '%O']); -- t
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- General array parser tests
+--
+-- none of the following should be accepted
+select '{{1,{2}},{2,3}}'::text[];
+ERROR:  malformed array literal: "{{1,{2}},{2,3}}"
+LINE 1: select '{{1,{2}},{2,3}}'::text[];
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unexpected "{" character.
+select '{{},{}}'::text[];
+ERROR:  malformed array literal: "{{},{}}"
+LINE 1: select '{{},{}}'::text[];
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unexpected "}" character.
+select E'{{1,2},\\{2,3}}'::text[];
+ERROR:  malformed array literal: "{{1,2},\{2,3}}"
+LINE 1: select E'{{1,2},\\{2,3}}'::text[];
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unexpected "\" character.
+select '{{"1 2" x},{3}}'::text[];
+ERROR:  malformed array literal: "{{"1 2" x},{3}}"
+LINE 1: select '{{"1 2" x},{3}}'::text[];
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unexpected array element.
+select '{}}'::text[];
+ERROR:  malformed array literal: "{}}"
+LINE 1: select '{}}'::text[];
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Junk after closing right brace.
+select '{ }}'::text[];
+ERROR:  malformed array literal: "{ }}"
+LINE 1: select '{ }}'::text[];
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Junk after closing right brace.
+select array[];
+ERROR:  cannot determine type of empty array
+LINE 1: select array[];
+               ^
+HINT:  Explicitly cast to the desired type, for example ARRAY[]::integer[].
+-- none of the above should be accepted
+-- all of the following should be accepted
+select '{}'::text[];
+ text 
+------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{{{1,2,3,4},{2,3,4,5}},{{3,4,5,6},{4,5,6,7}}}'::text[];
+                     text                      
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {{{1,2,3,4},{2,3,4,5}},{{3,4,5,6},{4,5,6,7}}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{0 second  ,0 second}'::interval[];
+   interval    
+---------------
+ {"@ 0","@ 0"}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{ { "," } , { 3 } }'::text[];
+    text     
+-------------
+ {{","},{3}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '  {   {  "  0 second  "   ,  0 second  }   }'::text[];
+             text              
+-------------------------------
+ {{"  0 second  ","0 second"}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{
+           0 second,
+           @ 1 hour @ 42 minutes @ 20 seconds
+         }'::interval[];
+              interval              
+------------------------------------
+ {"@ 0","@ 1 hour 42 mins 20 secs"}
+(1 row)
+
+select array[]::text[];
+ array 
+-------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[0:1]={1.1,2.2}'::float8[];
+     float8      
+-----------------
+ [0:1]={1.1,2.2}
+(1 row)
+
+-- all of the above should be accepted
+-- tests for array aggregates
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arraggtest ( f1 INT[], f2 TEXT[][], f3 FLOAT[]);
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{1,2,3,4}','{{grey,red},{blue,blue}}','{1.6, 0.0}');
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{1,2,3}','{{grey,red},{grey,blue}}','{1.6}');
+SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
+    max    |   min   |           max            |           min            |   max   |  min  
+-----------+---------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------+-------
+ {1,2,3,4} | {1,2,3} | {{grey,red},{grey,blue}} | {{grey,red},{blue,blue}} | {1.6,0} | {1.6}
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{3,3,2,4,5,6}','{{white,yellow},{pink,orange}}','{2.1,3.3,1.8,1.7,1.6}');
+SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
+      max      |   min   |              max               |           min            |          max          |  min  
+---------------+---------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+-------
+ {3,3,2,4,5,6} | {1,2,3} | {{white,yellow},{pink,orange}} | {{grey,red},{blue,blue}} | {2.1,3.3,1.8,1.7,1.6} | {1.6}
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{2}','{{black,red},{green,orange}}','{1.6,2.2,2.6,0.4}');
+SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
+      max      |   min   |              max               |             min              |          max          |  min  
+---------------+---------+--------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+-------
+ {3,3,2,4,5,6} | {1,2,3} | {{white,yellow},{pink,orange}} | {{black,red},{green,orange}} | {2.1,3.3,1.8,1.7,1.6} | {1.6}
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{4,2,6,7,8,1}','{{red},{black},{purple},{blue},{blue}}',NULL);
+SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
+      max      |   min   |              max               |             min              |          max          |  min  
+---------------+---------+--------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+-------
+ {4,2,6,7,8,1} | {1,2,3} | {{white,yellow},{pink,orange}} | {{black,red},{green,orange}} | {2.1,3.3,1.8,1.7,1.6} | {1.6}
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{}','{{pink,white,blue,red,grey,orange}}','{2.1,1.87,1.4,2.2}');
+SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
+      max      | min |              max               |             min              |          max          |  min  
+---------------+-----+--------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+-------
+ {4,2,6,7,8,1} | {}  | {{white,yellow},{pink,orange}} | {{black,red},{green,orange}} | {2.1,3.3,1.8,1.7,1.6} | {1.6}
+(1 row)
+
+-- A few simple tests for arrays of composite types
+create type comptype as (f1 int, f2 text);
+create table comptable (c1 comptype, c2 comptype[]);
+-- XXX would like to not have to specify row() construct types here ...
+insert into comptable
+  values (row(1,'foo'), array[row(2,'bar')::comptype, row(3,'baz')::comptype]);
+-- check that implicitly named array type _comptype isn't a problem
+create type _comptype as enum('fooey');
+select * from comptable;
+   c1    |          c2           
+---------+-----------------------
+ (1,foo) | {"(2,bar)","(3,baz)"}
+(1 row)
+
+select c2[2].f2 from comptable;
+ f2  
+-----
+ baz
+(1 row)
+
+drop type _comptype;
+drop table comptable;
+drop type comptype;
+create or replace function unnest1(anyarray)
+returns setof anyelement as $$
+select $1[s] from generate_subscripts($1,1) g(s);
+$$ language sql immutable;
+create or replace function unnest2(anyarray)
+returns setof anyelement as $$
+select $1[s1][s2] from generate_subscripts($1,1) g1(s1),
+                   generate_subscripts($1,2) g2(s2);
+$$ language sql immutable;
+select * from unnest1(array[1,2,3]);
+ unnest1 
+---------
+       1
+       2
+       3
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from unnest2(array[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]);
+ unnest2 
+---------
+       1
+       2
+       3
+       4
+       5
+       6
+(6 rows)
+
+drop function unnest1(anyarray);
+drop function unnest2(anyarray);
+select array_fill(null::integer, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
+                           array_fill                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ [2:4][2:4]={{NULL,NULL,NULL},{NULL,NULL,NULL},{NULL,NULL,NULL}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_fill(null::integer, array[3,3]);
+                      array_fill                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ {{NULL,NULL,NULL},{NULL,NULL,NULL},{NULL,NULL,NULL}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_fill(null::text, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
+                           array_fill                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ [2:4][2:4]={{NULL,NULL,NULL},{NULL,NULL,NULL},{NULL,NULL,NULL}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_fill(null::text, array[3,3]);
+                      array_fill                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ {{NULL,NULL,NULL},{NULL,NULL,NULL},{NULL,NULL,NULL}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_fill(7, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
+              array_fill              
+--------------------------------------
+ [2:4][2:4]={{7,7,7},{7,7,7},{7,7,7}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_fill(7, array[3,3]);
+        array_fill         
+---------------------------
+ {{7,7,7},{7,7,7},{7,7,7}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_fill('juhu'::text, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
+                           array_fill                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ [2:4][2:4]={{juhu,juhu,juhu},{juhu,juhu,juhu},{juhu,juhu,juhu}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_fill('juhu'::text, array[3,3]);
+                      array_fill                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ {{juhu,juhu,juhu},{juhu,juhu,juhu},{juhu,juhu,juhu}}
+(1 row)
+
+select a, a = '{}' as is_eq, array_dims(a)
+  from (select array_fill(42, array[0]) as a) ss;
+ a  | is_eq | array_dims 
+----+-------+------------
+ {} | t     | 
+(1 row)
+
+select a, a = '{}' as is_eq, array_dims(a)
+  from (select array_fill(42, '{}') as a) ss;
+ a  | is_eq | array_dims 
+----+-------+------------
+ {} | t     | 
+(1 row)
+
+select a, a = '{}' as is_eq, array_dims(a)
+  from (select array_fill(42, '{}', '{}') as a) ss;
+ a  | is_eq | array_dims 
+----+-------+------------
+ {} | t     | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- raise exception
+select array_fill(1, null, array[2,2]);
+ERROR:  dimension array or low bound array cannot be null
+select array_fill(1, array[2,2], null);
+ERROR:  dimension array or low bound array cannot be null
+select array_fill(1, array[2,2], '{}');
+ERROR:  wrong number of array subscripts
+DETAIL:  Low bound array has different size than dimensions array.
+select array_fill(1, array[3,3], array[1,1,1]);
+ERROR:  wrong number of array subscripts
+DETAIL:  Low bound array has different size than dimensions array.
+select array_fill(1, array[1,2,null]);
+ERROR:  dimension values cannot be null
+select array_fill(1, array[[1,2],[3,4]]);
+ERROR:  wrong number of array subscripts
+DETAIL:  Dimension array must be one dimensional.
+select string_to_array('1|2|3', '|');
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {1,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('1|2|3|', '|');
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {1,2,3,""}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('1||2|3||', '||');
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {1,2|3,""}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('1|2|3', '');
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {1|2|3}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('', '|');
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('1|2|3', NULL);
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {1,|,2,|,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array(NULL, '|') IS NULL;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('abc', '');
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {abc}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('abc', '', 'abc');
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {NULL}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('abc', ',');
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {abc}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('abc', ',', 'abc');
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {NULL}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('1,2,3,4,,6', ',');
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {1,2,3,4,"",6}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('1,2,3,4,,6', ',', '');
+ string_to_array  
+------------------
+ {1,2,3,4,NULL,6}
+(1 row)
+
+select string_to_array('1,2,3,4,*,6', ',', '*');
+ string_to_array  
+------------------
+ {1,2,3,4,NULL,6}
+(1 row)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3', '|') g(v);
+ v | is null 
+---+---------
+ 1 | f
+ 2 | f
+ 3 | f
+(3 rows)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3|', '|') g(v);
+ v | is null 
+---+---------
+ 1 | f
+ 2 | f
+ 3 | f
+   | f
+(4 rows)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1||2|3||', '||') g(v);
+  v  | is null 
+-----+---------
+ 1   | f
+ 2|3 | f
+     | f
+(3 rows)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3', '') g(v);
+   v   | is null 
+-------+---------
+ 1|2|3 | f
+(1 row)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('', '|') g(v);
+ v | is null 
+---+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3', NULL) g(v);
+ v | is null 
+---+---------
+ 1 | f
+ | | f
+ 2 | f
+ | | f
+ 3 | f
+(5 rows)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table(NULL, '|') g(v);
+ v | is null 
+---+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', '') g(v);
+  v  | is null 
+-----+---------
+ abc | f
+(1 row)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', '', 'abc') g(v);
+ v | is null 
+---+---------
+   | t
+(1 row)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', ',') g(v);
+  v  | is null 
+-----+---------
+ abc | f
+(1 row)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', ',', 'abc') g(v);
+ v | is null 
+---+---------
+   | t
+(1 row)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1,2,3,4,,6', ',') g(v);
+ v | is null 
+---+---------
+ 1 | f
+ 2 | f
+ 3 | f
+ 4 | f
+   | f
+ 6 | f
+(6 rows)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1,2,3,4,,6', ',', '') g(v);
+ v | is null 
+---+---------
+ 1 | f
+ 2 | f
+ 3 | f
+ 4 | f
+   | t
+ 6 | f
+(6 rows)
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1,2,3,4,*,6', ',', '*') g(v);
+ v | is null 
+---+---------
+ 1 | f
+ 2 | f
+ 3 | f
+ 4 | f
+   | t
+ 6 | f
+(6 rows)
+
+select array_to_string(NULL::int4[], ',') IS NULL;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select array_to_string('{}'::int4[], ',');
+ array_to_string 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], ',');
+ array_to_string 
+-----------------
+ 1,2,3,4,6
+(1 row)
+
+select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], ',', '*');
+ array_to_string 
+-----------------
+ 1,2,3,4,*,6
+(1 row)
+
+select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], NULL);
+ array_to_string 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], ',', NULL);
+ array_to_string 
+-----------------
+ 1,2,3,4,6
+(1 row)
+
+select array_to_string(string_to_array('1|2|3', '|'), '|');
+ array_to_string 
+-----------------
+ 1|2|3
+(1 row)
+
+select array_length(array[1,2,3], 1);
+ array_length 
+--------------
+            3
+(1 row)
+
+select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 0);
+ array_length 
+--------------
+             
+(1 row)
+
+select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 1);
+ array_length 
+--------------
+            2
+(1 row)
+
+select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 2);
+ array_length 
+--------------
+            3
+(1 row)
+
+select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 3);
+ array_length 
+--------------
+             
+(1 row)
+
+select cardinality(NULL::int[]);
+ cardinality 
+-------------
+            
+(1 row)
+
+select cardinality('{}'::int[]);
+ cardinality 
+-------------
+           0
+(1 row)
+
+select cardinality(array[1,2,3]);
+ cardinality 
+-------------
+           3
+(1 row)
+
+select cardinality('[2:4]={5,6,7}'::int[]);
+ cardinality 
+-------------
+           3
+(1 row)
+
+select cardinality('{{1,2}}'::int[]);
+ cardinality 
+-------------
+           2
+(1 row)
+
+select cardinality('{{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}'::int[]);
+ cardinality 
+-------------
+           6
+(1 row)
+
+select cardinality('{{{1,9},{5,6}},{{2,3},{3,4}}}'::int[]);
+ cardinality 
+-------------
+           8
+(1 row)
+
+-- array_agg(anynonarray)
+select array_agg(unique1) from (select unique1 from tenk1 where unique1 < 15 order by unique1) ss;
+              array_agg               
+--------------------------------------
+ {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(ten) from (select ten from tenk1 where unique1 < 15 order by unique1) ss;
+            array_agg            
+---------------------------------
+ {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,1,2,3,4}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(nullif(ten, 4)) from (select ten from tenk1 where unique1 < 15 order by unique1) ss;
+               array_agg               
+---------------------------------------
+ {0,1,2,3,NULL,5,6,7,8,9,0,1,2,3,NULL}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 < -15;
+ array_agg 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- array_agg(anyarray)
+select array_agg(ar)
+  from (values ('{1,2}'::int[]), ('{3,4}'::int[])) v(ar);
+   array_agg   
+---------------
+ {{1,2},{3,4}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(distinct ar order by ar desc)
+  from (select array[i / 2] from generate_series(1,10) a(i)) b(ar);
+         array_agg         
+---------------------------
+ {{5},{4},{3},{2},{1},{0}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(ar)
+  from (select array_agg(array[i, i+1, i-1])
+        from generate_series(1,2) a(i)) b(ar);
+      array_agg      
+---------------------
+ {{{1,2,0},{2,3,1}}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(array[i+1.2, i+1.3, i+1.4]) from generate_series(1,3) g(i);
+                  array_agg                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ {{2.2,2.3,2.4},{3.2,3.3,3.4},{4.2,4.3,4.4}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(array['Hello', i::text]) from generate_series(9,11) g(i);
+             array_agg             
+-----------------------------------
+ {{Hello,9},{Hello,10},{Hello,11}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_agg(array[i, nullif(i, 3), i+1]) from generate_series(1,4) g(i);
+              array_agg               
+--------------------------------------
+ {{1,1,2},{2,2,3},{3,NULL,4},{4,4,5}}
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors
+select array_agg('{}'::int[]) from generate_series(1,2);
+ERROR:  cannot accumulate empty arrays
+select array_agg(null::int[]) from generate_series(1,2);
+ERROR:  cannot accumulate null arrays
+select array_agg(ar)
+  from (values ('{1,2}'::int[]), ('{3}'::int[])) v(ar);
+ERROR:  cannot accumulate arrays of different dimensionality
+select unnest(array[1,2,3]);
+ unnest 
+--------
+      1
+      2
+      3
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from unnest(array[1,2,3]);
+ unnest 
+--------
+      1
+      2
+      3
+(3 rows)
+
+select unnest(array[1,2,3,4.5]::float8[]);
+ unnest 
+--------
+      1
+      2
+      3
+    4.5
+(4 rows)
+
+select unnest(array[1,2,3,4.5]::numeric[]);
+ unnest 
+--------
+      1
+      2
+      3
+    4.5
+(4 rows)
+
+select unnest(array[1,2,3,null,4,null,null,5,6]);
+ unnest 
+--------
+      1
+      2
+      3
+       
+      4
+       
+       
+      5
+      6
+(9 rows)
+
+select unnest(array[1,2,3,null,4,null,null,5,6]::text[]);
+ unnest 
+--------
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 
+ 4
+ 
+ 
+ 5
+ 6
+(9 rows)
+
+select abs(unnest(array[1,2,null,-3]));
+ abs 
+-----
+   1
+   2
+    
+   3
+(4 rows)
+
+select array_remove(array[1,2,2,3], 2);
+ array_remove 
+--------------
+ {1,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_remove(array[1,2,2,3], 5);
+ array_remove 
+--------------
+ {1,2,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_remove(array[1,NULL,NULL,3], NULL);
+ array_remove 
+--------------
+ {1,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_remove(array['A','CC','D','C','RR'], 'RR');
+ array_remove 
+--------------
+ {A,CC,D,C}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_remove(array[1.0, 2.1, 3.3], 1);
+ array_remove 
+--------------
+ {2.1,3.3}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_remove('{{1,2,2},{1,4,3}}', 2); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  removing elements from multidimensional arrays is not supported
+select array_remove(array['X','X','X'], 'X') = '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select array_replace(array[1,2,5,4],5,3);
+ array_replace 
+---------------
+ {1,2,3,4}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_replace(array[1,2,5,4],5,NULL);
+ array_replace 
+---------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_replace(array[1,2,NULL,4,NULL],NULL,5);
+ array_replace 
+---------------
+ {1,2,5,4,5}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_replace(array['A','B','DD','B'],'B','CC');
+ array_replace 
+---------------
+ {A,CC,DD,CC}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_replace(array[1,NULL,3],NULL,NULL);
+ array_replace 
+---------------
+ {1,NULL,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_replace(array['AB',NULL,'CDE'],NULL,'12');
+ array_replace 
+---------------
+ {AB,12,CDE}
+(1 row)
+
+-- array(select array-value ...)
+select array(select array[i,i/2] from generate_series(1,5) i);
+              array              
+---------------------------------
+ {{1,0},{2,1},{3,1},{4,2},{5,2}}
+(1 row)
+
+select array(select array['Hello', i::text] from generate_series(9,11) i);
+               array               
+-----------------------------------
+ {{Hello,9},{Hello,10},{Hello,11}}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Insert/update on a column that is array of composite
+create temp table t1 (f1 int8_tbl[]);
+insert into t1 (f1[5].q1) values(42);
+select * from t1;
+       f1        
+-----------------
+ [5:5]={"(42,)"}
+(1 row)
+
+update t1 set f1[5].q2 = 43;
+select * from t1;
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ [5:5]={"(42,43)"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check that arrays of composites are safely detoasted when needed
+create temp table src (f1 text);
+insert into src
+  select string_agg(random()::text,'') from generate_series(1,10000);
+create type textandtext as (c1 text, c2 text);
+create temp table dest (f1 textandtext[]);
+insert into dest select array[row(f1,f1)::textandtext] from src;
+select length(md5((f1[1]).c2)) from dest;
+ length 
+--------
+     32
+(1 row)
+
+delete from src;
+select length(md5((f1[1]).c2)) from dest;
+ length 
+--------
+     32
+(1 row)
+
+truncate table src;
+drop table src;
+select length(md5((f1[1]).c2)) from dest;
+ length 
+--------
+     32
+(1 row)
+
+drop table dest;
+drop type textandtext;
+-- Tests for polymorphic-array form of width_bucket()
+-- this exercises the varwidth and float8 code paths
+SELECT
+    op,
+    width_bucket(op::numeric, ARRAY[1, 3, 5, 10.0]::numeric[]) AS wb_n1,
+    width_bucket(op::numeric, ARRAY[0, 5.5, 9.99]::numeric[]) AS wb_n2,
+    width_bucket(op::numeric, ARRAY[-6, -5, 2.0]::numeric[]) AS wb_n3,
+    width_bucket(op::float8, ARRAY[1, 3, 5, 10.0]::float8[]) AS wb_f1,
+    width_bucket(op::float8, ARRAY[0, 5.5, 9.99]::float8[]) AS wb_f2,
+    width_bucket(op::float8, ARRAY[-6, -5, 2.0]::float8[]) AS wb_f3
+FROM (VALUES
+  (-5.2),
+  (-0.0000000001),
+  (0.000000000001),
+  (1),
+  (1.99999999999999),
+  (2),
+  (2.00000000000001),
+  (3),
+  (4),
+  (4.5),
+  (5),
+  (5.5),
+  (6),
+  (7),
+  (8),
+  (9),
+  (9.99999999999999),
+  (10),
+  (10.0000000000001)
+) v(op);
+        op        | wb_n1 | wb_n2 | wb_n3 | wb_f1 | wb_f2 | wb_f3 
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+             -5.2 |     0 |     0 |     1 |     0 |     0 |     1
+    -0.0000000001 |     0 |     0 |     2 |     0 |     0 |     2
+   0.000000000001 |     0 |     1 |     2 |     0 |     1 |     2
+                1 |     1 |     1 |     2 |     1 |     1 |     2
+ 1.99999999999999 |     1 |     1 |     2 |     1 |     1 |     2
+                2 |     1 |     1 |     3 |     1 |     1 |     3
+ 2.00000000000001 |     1 |     1 |     3 |     1 |     1 |     3
+                3 |     2 |     1 |     3 |     2 |     1 |     3
+                4 |     2 |     1 |     3 |     2 |     1 |     3
+              4.5 |     2 |     1 |     3 |     2 |     1 |     3
+                5 |     3 |     1 |     3 |     3 |     1 |     3
+              5.5 |     3 |     2 |     3 |     3 |     2 |     3
+                6 |     3 |     2 |     3 |     3 |     2 |     3
+                7 |     3 |     2 |     3 |     3 |     2 |     3
+                8 |     3 |     2 |     3 |     3 |     2 |     3
+                9 |     3 |     2 |     3 |     3 |     2 |     3
+ 9.99999999999999 |     3 |     3 |     3 |     3 |     3 |     3
+               10 |     4 |     3 |     3 |     4 |     3 |     3
+ 10.0000000000001 |     4 |     3 |     3 |     4 |     3 |     3
+(19 rows)
+
+-- ensure float8 path handles NaN properly
+SELECT
+    op,
+    width_bucket(op, ARRAY[1, 3, 9, 'NaN', 'NaN']::float8[]) AS wb
+FROM (VALUES
+  (-5.2::float8),
+  (4::float8),
+  (77::float8),
+  ('NaN'::float8)
+) v(op);
+  op  | wb 
+------+----
+ -5.2 |  0
+    4 |  2
+   77 |  3
+  NaN |  5
+(4 rows)
+
+-- these exercise the generic fixed-width code path
+SELECT
+    op,
+    width_bucket(op, ARRAY[1, 3, 5, 10]) AS wb_1
+FROM generate_series(0,11) as op;
+ op | wb_1 
+----+------
+  0 |    0
+  1 |    1
+  2 |    1
+  3 |    2
+  4 |    2
+  5 |    3
+  6 |    3
+  7 |    3
+  8 |    3
+  9 |    3
+ 10 |    4
+ 11 |    4
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT width_bucket(now(),
+                    array['yesterday', 'today', 'tomorrow']::timestamptz[]);
+ width_bucket 
+--------------
+            2
+(1 row)
+
+-- corner cases
+SELECT width_bucket(5, ARRAY[3]);
+ width_bucket 
+--------------
+            1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT width_bucket(5, '{}');
+ width_bucket 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+-- error cases
+SELECT width_bucket('5'::text, ARRAY[3, 4]::integer[]);
+ERROR:  function width_bucket(text, integer[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT width_bucket('5'::text, ARRAY[3, 4]::integer[]);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+SELECT width_bucket(5, ARRAY[3, 4, NULL]);
+ERROR:  thresholds array must not contain NULLs
+SELECT width_bucket(5, ARRAY[ARRAY[1, 2], ARRAY[3, 4]]);
+ERROR:  thresholds must be one-dimensional array
+-- trim_array
+SELECT arr, trim_array(arr, 2)
+FROM
+(VALUES ('{1,2,3,4,5,6}'::bigint[]),
+        ('{1,2}'),
+        ('[10:16]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}'),
+        ('[-15:-10]={1,2,3,4,5,6}'),
+        ('{{1,10},{2,20},{3,30},{4,40}}')) v(arr);
+              arr              |   trim_array    
+-------------------------------+-----------------
+ {1,2,3,4,5,6}                 | {1,2,3,4}
+ {1,2}                         | {}
+ [10:16]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}       | {1,2,3,4,5}
+ [-15:-10]={1,2,3,4,5,6}       | {1,2,3,4}
+ {{1,10},{2,20},{3,30},{4,40}} | {{1,10},{2,20}}
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT trim_array(ARRAY[1, 2, 3], -1); -- fail
+ERROR:  number of elements to trim must be between 0 and 3
+SELECT trim_array(ARRAY[1, 2, 3], 10); -- fail
+ERROR:  number of elements to trim must be between 0 and 3
+SELECT trim_array(ARRAY[]::int[], 1); -- fail
+ERROR:  number of elements to trim must be between 0 and 0
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/async.out b/src/test/regress/expected/async.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19cbe38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/async.out
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+--
+-- ASYNC
+--
+--Should work. Send a valid message via a valid channel name
+SELECT pg_notify('notify_async1','sample message1');
+ pg_notify 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_notify('notify_async1','');
+ pg_notify 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_notify('notify_async1',NULL);
+ pg_notify 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- Should fail. Send a valid message via an invalid channel name
+SELECT pg_notify('','sample message1');
+ERROR:  channel name cannot be empty
+SELECT pg_notify(NULL,'sample message1');
+ERROR:  channel name cannot be empty
+SELECT pg_notify('notify_async_channel_name_too_long______________________________','sample_message1');
+ERROR:  channel name too long
+--Should work. Valid NOTIFY/LISTEN/UNLISTEN commands
+NOTIFY notify_async2;
+LISTEN notify_async2;
+UNLISTEN notify_async2;
+UNLISTEN *;
+-- Should return zero while there are no pending notifications.
+-- src/test/isolation/specs/async-notify.spec tests for actual usage.
+SELECT pg_notification_queue_usage();
+ pg_notification_queue_usage 
+-----------------------------
+                           0
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/bit.out b/src/test/regress/expected/bit.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5aab9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/bit.out
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+--
+-- BIT types
+--
+--
+-- Build tables for testing
+--
+CREATE TABLE BIT_TABLE(b BIT(11));
+INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES (B'10'); -- too short
+ERROR:  bit string length 2 does not match type bit(11)
+INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES (B'00000000000');
+INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES (B'11011000000');
+INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES (B'01010101010');
+INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES (B'101011111010'); -- too long
+ERROR:  bit string length 12 does not match type bit(11)
+--INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES ('X554');
+--INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES ('X555');
+SELECT * FROM BIT_TABLE;
+      b      
+-------------
+ 00000000000
+ 11011000000
+ 01010101010
+(3 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE VARBIT_TABLE(v BIT VARYING(11));
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES (B'');
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES (B'0');
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES (B'010101');
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES (B'01010101010');
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES (B'101011111010'); -- too long
+ERROR:  bit string too long for type bit varying(11)
+--INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES ('X554');
+--INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES ('X555');
+SELECT * FROM VARBIT_TABLE;
+      v      
+-------------
+ 
+ 0
+ 010101
+ 01010101010
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Concatenation
+SELECT v, b, (v || b) AS concat
+       FROM BIT_TABLE, VARBIT_TABLE
+       ORDER BY 3;
+      v      |      b      |         concat         
+-------------+-------------+------------------------
+             | 00000000000 | 00000000000
+ 0           | 00000000000 | 000000000000
+ 0           | 01010101010 | 001010101010
+ 010101      | 00000000000 | 01010100000000000
+             | 01010101010 | 01010101010
+ 01010101010 | 00000000000 | 0101010101000000000000
+ 01010101010 | 01010101010 | 0101010101001010101010
+ 010101      | 01010101010 | 01010101010101010
+ 01010101010 | 11011000000 | 0101010101011011000000
+ 010101      | 11011000000 | 01010111011000000
+ 0           | 11011000000 | 011011000000
+             | 11011000000 | 11011000000
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Length
+SELECT b, length(b) AS lb
+       FROM BIT_TABLE;
+      b      | lb 
+-------------+----
+ 00000000000 | 11
+ 11011000000 | 11
+ 01010101010 | 11
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT v, length(v) AS lv
+       FROM VARBIT_TABLE;
+      v      | lv 
+-------------+----
+             |  0
+ 0           |  1
+ 010101      |  6
+ 01010101010 | 11
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Substring
+SELECT b,
+       SUBSTRING(b FROM 2 FOR 4) AS sub_2_4,
+       SUBSTRING(b FROM 7 FOR 13) AS sub_7_13,
+       SUBSTRING(b FROM 6) AS sub_6
+       FROM BIT_TABLE;
+      b      | sub_2_4 | sub_7_13 | sub_6  
+-------------+---------+----------+--------
+ 00000000000 | 0000    | 00000    | 000000
+ 11011000000 | 1011    | 00000    | 000000
+ 01010101010 | 1010    | 01010    | 101010
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT v,
+       SUBSTRING(v FROM 2 FOR 4) AS sub_2_4,
+       SUBSTRING(v FROM 7 FOR 13) AS sub_7_13,
+       SUBSTRING(v FROM 6) AS sub_6
+       FROM VARBIT_TABLE;
+      v      | sub_2_4 | sub_7_13 | sub_6  
+-------------+---------+----------+--------
+             |         |          | 
+ 0           |         |          | 
+ 010101      | 1010    |          | 1
+ 01010101010 | 1010    | 01010    | 101010
+(4 rows)
+
+-- test overflow cases
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::bit(8) FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "1010101";
+ 1010101 
+---------
+ 1010101
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::bit(8) FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "01010101";
+ 01010101 
+----------
+ 01010101
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::bit(8) FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
+ERROR:  negative substring length not allowed
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::varbit FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "1010101";
+ 1010101 
+---------
+ 1010101
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::varbit FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "01010101";
+ 01010101 
+----------
+ 01010101
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::varbit FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
+ERROR:  negative substring length not allowed
+--- Bit operations
+DROP TABLE varbit_table;
+CREATE TABLE varbit_table (a BIT VARYING(16), b BIT VARYING(16));
+COPY varbit_table FROM stdin;
+SELECT a, b, ~a AS "~ a", a & b AS "a & b",
+       a | b AS "a | b", a # b AS "a # b" FROM varbit_table;
+        a         |        b         |       ~ a        |      a & b       |      a | b       |      a # b       
+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+ 00001111         | 00010000         | 11110000         | 00000000         | 00011111         | 00011111
+ 00011111         | 00010001         | 11100000         | 00010001         | 00011111         | 00001110
+ 00101111         | 00010010         | 11010000         | 00000010         | 00111111         | 00111101
+ 00111111         | 00010011         | 11000000         | 00010011         | 00111111         | 00101100
+ 10001111         | 00000100         | 01110000         | 00000100         | 10001111         | 10001011
+ 0000000000001111 | 0000000000010000 | 1111111111110000 | 0000000000000000 | 0000000000011111 | 0000000000011111
+ 0000000100100011 | 1111111111111111 | 1111111011011100 | 0000000100100011 | 1111111111111111 | 1111111011011100
+ 0010010001101000 | 0010010001101000 | 1101101110010111 | 0010010001101000 | 0010010001101000 | 0000000000000000
+ 1111101001010000 | 0000010110101111 | 0000010110101111 | 0000000000000000 | 1111111111111111 | 1111111111111111
+ 0001001000110100 | 1111111111110101 | 1110110111001011 | 0001001000110100 | 1111111111110101 | 1110110111000001
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT a,b,a<b AS "a<b",a<=b AS "a<=b",a=b AS "a=b",
+        a>=b AS "a>=b",a>b AS "a>b",a<>b AS "a<>b" FROM varbit_table;
+        a         |        b         | a<b | a<=b | a=b | a>=b | a>b | a<>b 
+------------------+------------------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------
+ 00001111         | 00010000         | t   | t    | f   | f    | f   | t
+ 00011111         | 00010001         | f   | f    | f   | t    | t   | t
+ 00101111         | 00010010         | f   | f    | f   | t    | t   | t
+ 00111111         | 00010011         | f   | f    | f   | t    | t   | t
+ 10001111         | 00000100         | f   | f    | f   | t    | t   | t
+ 0000000000001111 | 0000000000010000 | t   | t    | f   | f    | f   | t
+ 0000000100100011 | 1111111111111111 | t   | t    | f   | f    | f   | t
+ 0010010001101000 | 0010010001101000 | f   | t    | t   | t    | f   | f
+ 1111101001010000 | 0000010110101111 | f   | f    | f   | t    | t   | t
+ 0001001000110100 | 1111111111110101 | t   | t    | f   | f    | f   | t
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT a,a<<4 AS "a<<4",b,b>>2 AS "b>>2" FROM varbit_table;
+        a         |       a<<4       |        b         |       b>>2       
+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+ 00001111         | 11110000         | 00010000         | 00000100
+ 00011111         | 11110000         | 00010001         | 00000100
+ 00101111         | 11110000         | 00010010         | 00000100
+ 00111111         | 11110000         | 00010011         | 00000100
+ 10001111         | 11110000         | 00000100         | 00000001
+ 0000000000001111 | 0000000011110000 | 0000000000010000 | 0000000000000100
+ 0000000100100011 | 0001001000110000 | 1111111111111111 | 0011111111111111
+ 0010010001101000 | 0100011010000000 | 0010010001101000 | 0000100100011010
+ 1111101001010000 | 1010010100000000 | 0000010110101111 | 0000000101101011
+ 0001001000110100 | 0010001101000000 | 1111111111110101 | 0011111111111101
+(10 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE varbit_table;
+--- Bit operations
+DROP TABLE bit_table;
+CREATE TABLE bit_table (a BIT(16), b BIT(16));
+COPY bit_table FROM stdin;
+SELECT a,b,~a AS "~ a",a & b AS "a & b",
+	a|b AS "a | b", a # b AS "a # b" FROM bit_table;
+        a         |        b         |       ~ a        |      a & b       |      a | b       |      a # b       
+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+ 0000111100000000 | 0001000000000000 | 1111000011111111 | 0000000000000000 | 0001111100000000 | 0001111100000000
+ 0001111100000000 | 0001000100000000 | 1110000011111111 | 0001000100000000 | 0001111100000000 | 0000111000000000
+ 0010111100000000 | 0001001000000000 | 1101000011111111 | 0000001000000000 | 0011111100000000 | 0011110100000000
+ 0011111100000000 | 0001001100000000 | 1100000011111111 | 0001001100000000 | 0011111100000000 | 0010110000000000
+ 1000111100000000 | 0000010000000000 | 0111000011111111 | 0000010000000000 | 1000111100000000 | 1000101100000000
+ 0000000000001111 | 0000000000010000 | 1111111111110000 | 0000000000000000 | 0000000000011111 | 0000000000011111
+ 0000000100100011 | 1111111111111111 | 1111111011011100 | 0000000100100011 | 1111111111111111 | 1111111011011100
+ 0010010001101000 | 0010010001101000 | 1101101110010111 | 0010010001101000 | 0010010001101000 | 0000000000000000
+ 1111101001010000 | 0000010110101111 | 0000010110101111 | 0000000000000000 | 1111111111111111 | 1111111111111111
+ 0001001000110100 | 1111111111110101 | 1110110111001011 | 0001001000110100 | 1111111111110101 | 1110110111000001
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT a,b,a<b AS "a<b",a<=b AS "a<=b",a=b AS "a=b",
+        a>=b AS "a>=b",a>b AS "a>b",a<>b AS "a<>b" FROM bit_table;
+        a         |        b         | a<b | a<=b | a=b | a>=b | a>b | a<>b 
+------------------+------------------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------
+ 0000111100000000 | 0001000000000000 | t   | t    | f   | f    | f   | t
+ 0001111100000000 | 0001000100000000 | f   | f    | f   | t    | t   | t
+ 0010111100000000 | 0001001000000000 | f   | f    | f   | t    | t   | t
+ 0011111100000000 | 0001001100000000 | f   | f    | f   | t    | t   | t
+ 1000111100000000 | 0000010000000000 | f   | f    | f   | t    | t   | t
+ 0000000000001111 | 0000000000010000 | t   | t    | f   | f    | f   | t
+ 0000000100100011 | 1111111111111111 | t   | t    | f   | f    | f   | t
+ 0010010001101000 | 0010010001101000 | f   | t    | t   | t    | f   | f
+ 1111101001010000 | 0000010110101111 | f   | f    | f   | t    | t   | t
+ 0001001000110100 | 1111111111110101 | t   | t    | f   | f    | f   | t
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT a,a<<4 AS "a<<4",b,b>>2 AS "b>>2" FROM bit_table;
+        a         |       a<<4       |        b         |       b>>2       
+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+ 0000111100000000 | 1111000000000000 | 0001000000000000 | 0000010000000000
+ 0001111100000000 | 1111000000000000 | 0001000100000000 | 0000010001000000
+ 0010111100000000 | 1111000000000000 | 0001001000000000 | 0000010010000000
+ 0011111100000000 | 1111000000000000 | 0001001100000000 | 0000010011000000
+ 1000111100000000 | 1111000000000000 | 0000010000000000 | 0000000100000000
+ 0000000000001111 | 0000000011110000 | 0000000000010000 | 0000000000000100
+ 0000000100100011 | 0001001000110000 | 1111111111111111 | 0011111111111111
+ 0010010001101000 | 0100011010000000 | 0010010001101000 | 0000100100011010
+ 1111101001010000 | 1010010100000000 | 0000010110101111 | 0000000101101011
+ 0001001000110100 | 0010001101000000 | 1111111111110101 | 0011111111111101
+(10 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE bit_table;
+-- The following should fail
+select B'001' & B'10';
+ERROR:  cannot AND bit strings of different sizes
+select B'0111' | B'011';
+ERROR:  cannot OR bit strings of different sizes
+select B'0010' # B'011101';
+ERROR:  cannot XOR bit strings of different sizes
+-- More position tests, checking all the boundary cases
+SELECT POSITION(B'1010' IN B'0000101');   -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'1010' IN B'00001010');  -- 5
+ position 
+----------
+        5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'1010' IN B'00000101');  -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'1010' IN B'000001010');  -- 6
+ position 
+----------
+        6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'' IN B'00001010');  -- 1
+ position 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'0' IN B'');  -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'' IN B'');  -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'101101' IN B'001011011011011000');  -- 3
+ position 
+----------
+        3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'10110110' IN B'001011011011010');  -- 3
+ position 
+----------
+        3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'1011011011011' IN B'001011011011011');  -- 3
+ position 
+----------
+        3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'1011011011011' IN B'00001011011011011');  -- 5
+ position 
+----------
+        5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'11101011' IN B'11101011'); -- 1
+ position 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'11101011' IN B'011101011'); -- 2
+ position 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'11101011' IN B'00011101011'); -- 4
+ position 
+----------
+        4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'11101011' IN B'0000011101011'); -- 6
+ position 
+----------
+        6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'111010110'); -- 1
+ position 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0111010110'); -- 2
+ position 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'000111010110'); -- 4
+ position 
+----------
+        4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'00000111010110'); -- 6
+ position 
+----------
+        6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'11101011'); -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'011101011'); -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'00011101011'); -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0000011101011'); -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'111010110'); -- 1
+ position 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0111010110'); -- 2
+ position 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'000111010110'); -- 4
+ position 
+----------
+        4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'00000111010110'); -- 6
+ position 
+----------
+        6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'000001110101111101011'); -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0000001110101111101011'); -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'000000001110101111101011'); -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'00000000001110101111101011'); -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0000011101011111010110'); -- 14
+ position 
+----------
+       14
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'00000011101011111010110'); -- 15
+ position 
+----------
+       15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0000000011101011111010110'); -- 17
+ position 
+----------
+       17
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'000000000011101011111010110'); -- 19
+ position 
+----------
+       19
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'000000000011101011111010110' IN B'000000000011101011111010110'); -- 1
+ position 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'00000000011101011111010110' IN B'000000000011101011111010110'); -- 2
+ position 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'0000000000011101011111010110' IN B'000000000011101011111010110'); -- 0
+ position 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+-- Shifting
+CREATE TABLE BIT_SHIFT_TABLE(b BIT(16));
+INSERT INTO BIT_SHIFT_TABLE VALUES (B'1101100000000000');
+INSERT INTO BIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT b>>1 FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO BIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT b>>2 FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO BIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT b>>4 FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO BIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT b>>8 FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+SELECT POSITION(B'1101' IN b),
+       POSITION(B'11011' IN b),
+       b
+       FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+ position | position |        b         
+----------+----------+------------------
+        1 |        1 | 1101100000000000
+        2 |        2 | 0110110000000000
+        3 |        3 | 0011011000000000
+        4 |        4 | 0001101100000000
+        5 |        5 | 0000110110000000
+        6 |        6 | 0000011011000000
+        7 |        7 | 0000001101100000
+        8 |        8 | 0000000110110000
+        9 |        9 | 0000000011011000
+       10 |       10 | 0000000001101100
+       11 |       11 | 0000000000110110
+       12 |       12 | 0000000000011011
+       13 |        0 | 0000000000001101
+        0 |        0 | 0000000000000110
+        0 |        0 | 0000000000000011
+        0 |        0 | 0000000000000001
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT b, b >> 1 AS bsr, b << 1 AS bsl
+       FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+        b         |       bsr        |       bsl        
+------------------+------------------+------------------
+ 1101100000000000 | 0110110000000000 | 1011000000000000
+ 0110110000000000 | 0011011000000000 | 1101100000000000
+ 0011011000000000 | 0001101100000000 | 0110110000000000
+ 0001101100000000 | 0000110110000000 | 0011011000000000
+ 0000110110000000 | 0000011011000000 | 0001101100000000
+ 0000011011000000 | 0000001101100000 | 0000110110000000
+ 0000001101100000 | 0000000110110000 | 0000011011000000
+ 0000000110110000 | 0000000011011000 | 0000001101100000
+ 0000000011011000 | 0000000001101100 | 0000000110110000
+ 0000000001101100 | 0000000000110110 | 0000000011011000
+ 0000000000110110 | 0000000000011011 | 0000000001101100
+ 0000000000011011 | 0000000000001101 | 0000000000110110
+ 0000000000001101 | 0000000000000110 | 0000000000011010
+ 0000000000000110 | 0000000000000011 | 0000000000001100
+ 0000000000000011 | 0000000000000001 | 0000000000000110
+ 0000000000000001 | 0000000000000000 | 0000000000000010
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT b, b >> 8 AS bsr8, b << 8 AS bsl8
+       FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+        b         |       bsr8       |       bsl8       
+------------------+------------------+------------------
+ 1101100000000000 | 0000000011011000 | 0000000000000000
+ 0110110000000000 | 0000000001101100 | 0000000000000000
+ 0011011000000000 | 0000000000110110 | 0000000000000000
+ 0001101100000000 | 0000000000011011 | 0000000000000000
+ 0000110110000000 | 0000000000001101 | 1000000000000000
+ 0000011011000000 | 0000000000000110 | 1100000000000000
+ 0000001101100000 | 0000000000000011 | 0110000000000000
+ 0000000110110000 | 0000000000000001 | 1011000000000000
+ 0000000011011000 | 0000000000000000 | 1101100000000000
+ 0000000001101100 | 0000000000000000 | 0110110000000000
+ 0000000000110110 | 0000000000000000 | 0011011000000000
+ 0000000000011011 | 0000000000000000 | 0001101100000000
+ 0000000000001101 | 0000000000000000 | 0000110100000000
+ 0000000000000110 | 0000000000000000 | 0000011000000000
+ 0000000000000011 | 0000000000000000 | 0000001100000000
+ 0000000000000001 | 0000000000000000 | 0000000100000000
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT b::bit(15), b::bit(15) >> 1 AS bsr, b::bit(15) << 1 AS bsl
+       FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+        b        |       bsr       |       bsl       
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------
+ 110110000000000 | 011011000000000 | 101100000000000
+ 011011000000000 | 001101100000000 | 110110000000000
+ 001101100000000 | 000110110000000 | 011011000000000
+ 000110110000000 | 000011011000000 | 001101100000000
+ 000011011000000 | 000001101100000 | 000110110000000
+ 000001101100000 | 000000110110000 | 000011011000000
+ 000000110110000 | 000000011011000 | 000001101100000
+ 000000011011000 | 000000001101100 | 000000110110000
+ 000000001101100 | 000000000110110 | 000000011011000
+ 000000000110110 | 000000000011011 | 000000001101100
+ 000000000011011 | 000000000001101 | 000000000110110
+ 000000000001101 | 000000000000110 | 000000000011010
+ 000000000000110 | 000000000000011 | 000000000001100
+ 000000000000011 | 000000000000001 | 000000000000110
+ 000000000000001 | 000000000000000 | 000000000000010
+ 000000000000000 | 000000000000000 | 000000000000000
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT b::bit(15), b::bit(15) >> 8 AS bsr8, b::bit(15) << 8 AS bsl8
+       FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+        b        |      bsr8       |      bsl8       
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------
+ 110110000000000 | 000000001101100 | 000000000000000
+ 011011000000000 | 000000000110110 | 000000000000000
+ 001101100000000 | 000000000011011 | 000000000000000
+ 000110110000000 | 000000000001101 | 000000000000000
+ 000011011000000 | 000000000000110 | 100000000000000
+ 000001101100000 | 000000000000011 | 110000000000000
+ 000000110110000 | 000000000000001 | 011000000000000
+ 000000011011000 | 000000000000000 | 101100000000000
+ 000000001101100 | 000000000000000 | 110110000000000
+ 000000000110110 | 000000000000000 | 011011000000000
+ 000000000011011 | 000000000000000 | 001101100000000
+ 000000000001101 | 000000000000000 | 000110100000000
+ 000000000000110 | 000000000000000 | 000011000000000
+ 000000000000011 | 000000000000000 | 000001100000000
+ 000000000000001 | 000000000000000 | 000000100000000
+ 000000000000000 | 000000000000000 | 000000000000000
+(16 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE(v BIT VARYING(20));
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE VALUES (B'11011');
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT CAST(v || B'0' AS BIT VARYING(6)) >>1 FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT CAST(v || B'00' AS BIT VARYING(8)) >>2 FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT CAST(v || B'0000' AS BIT VARYING(12)) >>4 FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT CAST(v || B'00000000' AS BIT VARYING(20)) >>8 FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+SELECT POSITION(B'1101' IN v),
+       POSITION(B'11011' IN v),
+       v
+       FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+ position | position |          v           
+----------+----------+----------------------
+        1 |        1 | 11011
+        2 |        2 | 011011
+        3 |        3 | 0011011
+        4 |        4 | 00011011
+        5 |        5 | 000011011
+        6 |        6 | 0000011011
+        7 |        7 | 00000011011
+        8 |        8 | 000000011011
+        9 |        9 | 0000000011011
+       10 |       10 | 00000000011011
+       11 |       11 | 000000000011011
+       12 |       12 | 0000000000011011
+       13 |       13 | 00000000000011011
+       14 |       14 | 000000000000011011
+       15 |       15 | 0000000000000011011
+       16 |       16 | 00000000000000011011
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT v, v >> 1 AS vsr, v << 1 AS vsl
+       FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+          v           |         vsr          |         vsl          
+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------
+ 11011                | 01101                | 10110
+ 011011               | 001101               | 110110
+ 0011011              | 0001101              | 0110110
+ 00011011             | 00001101             | 00110110
+ 000011011            | 000001101            | 000110110
+ 0000011011           | 0000001101           | 0000110110
+ 00000011011          | 00000001101          | 00000110110
+ 000000011011         | 000000001101         | 000000110110
+ 0000000011011        | 0000000001101        | 0000000110110
+ 00000000011011       | 00000000001101       | 00000000110110
+ 000000000011011      | 000000000001101      | 000000000110110
+ 0000000000011011     | 0000000000001101     | 0000000000110110
+ 00000000000011011    | 00000000000001101    | 00000000000110110
+ 000000000000011011   | 000000000000001101   | 000000000000110110
+ 0000000000000011011  | 0000000000000001101  | 0000000000000110110
+ 00000000000000011011 | 00000000000000001101 | 00000000000000110110
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT v, v >> 8 AS vsr8, v << 8 AS vsl8
+       FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+          v           |         vsr8         |         vsl8         
+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------
+ 11011                | 00000                | 00000
+ 011011               | 000000               | 000000
+ 0011011              | 0000000              | 0000000
+ 00011011             | 00000000             | 00000000
+ 000011011            | 000000000            | 100000000
+ 0000011011           | 0000000000           | 1100000000
+ 00000011011          | 00000000000          | 01100000000
+ 000000011011         | 000000000000         | 101100000000
+ 0000000011011        | 0000000000000        | 1101100000000
+ 00000000011011       | 00000000000000       | 01101100000000
+ 000000000011011      | 000000000000000      | 001101100000000
+ 0000000000011011     | 0000000000000000     | 0001101100000000
+ 00000000000011011    | 00000000000000000    | 00001101100000000
+ 000000000000011011   | 000000000000000000   | 000001101100000000
+ 0000000000000011011  | 0000000000000000000  | 0000001101100000000
+ 00000000000000011011 | 00000000000000000000 | 00000001101100000000
+(16 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE BIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+DROP TABLE VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+-- Get/Set bit
+SELECT get_bit(B'0101011000100', 10);
+ get_bit 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT set_bit(B'0101011000100100', 15, 1);
+     set_bit      
+------------------
+ 0101011000100101
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT set_bit(B'0101011000100100', 16, 1);	-- fail
+ERROR:  bit index 16 out of valid range (0..15)
+-- Overlay
+SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '001' from 2 for 3);
+  overlay   
+------------
+ 0001011100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '101' from 6);
+  overlay   
+------------
+ 0101010100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '001' from 11);
+    overlay    
+---------------
+ 0101011100001
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '001' from 20);
+    overlay    
+---------------
+ 0101011100001
+(1 row)
+
+-- bit_count
+SELECT bit_count(B'0101011100'::bit(10));
+ bit_count 
+-----------
+         5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bit_count(B'1111111111'::bit(10));
+ bit_count 
+-----------
+        10
+(1 row)
+
+-- This table is intentionally left around to exercise pg_dump/pg_upgrade
+CREATE TABLE bit_defaults(
+  b1 bit(4) DEFAULT '1001',
+  b2 bit(4) DEFAULT B'0101',
+  b3 bit varying(5) DEFAULT '1001',
+  b4 bit varying(5) DEFAULT B'0101'
+);
+\d bit_defaults
+                     Table "public.bit_defaults"
+ Column |      Type      | Collation | Nullable |       Default       
+--------+----------------+-----------+----------+---------------------
+ b1     | bit(4)         |           |          | '1001'::"bit"
+ b2     | bit(4)         |           |          | '0101'::"bit"
+ b3     | bit varying(5) |           |          | '1001'::bit varying
+ b4     | bit varying(5) |           |          | '0101'::"bit"
+
+INSERT INTO bit_defaults DEFAULT VALUES;
+TABLE bit_defaults;
+  b1  |  b2  |  b3  |  b4  
+------+------+------+------
+ 1001 | 0101 | 1001 | 0101
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/bitmapops.out b/src/test/regress/expected/bitmapops.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3570973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/bitmapops.out
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+-- Test bitmap AND and OR
+-- Generate enough data that we can test the lossy bitmaps.
+-- There's 55 tuples per page in the table. 53 is just
+-- below 55, so that an index scan with qual a = constant
+-- will return at least one hit per page. 59 is just above
+-- 55, so that an index scan with qual b = constant will return
+-- hits on most but not all pages. 53 and 59 are prime, so that
+-- there's a maximum number of a,b combinations in the table.
+-- That allows us to test all the different combinations of
+-- lossy and non-lossy pages with the minimum amount of data
+CREATE TABLE bmscantest (a int, b int, t text);
+INSERT INTO bmscantest
+  SELECT (r%53), (r%59), 'foooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo'
+  FROM generate_series(1,70000) r;
+CREATE INDEX i_bmtest_a ON bmscantest(a);
+CREATE INDEX i_bmtest_b ON bmscantest(b);
+-- We want to use bitmapscans. With default settings, the planner currently
+-- chooses a bitmap scan for the queries below anyway, but let's make sure.
+set enable_indexscan=false;
+set enable_seqscan=false;
+-- Lower work_mem to trigger use of lossy bitmaps
+set work_mem = 64;
+-- Test bitmap-and.
+SELECT count(*) FROM bmscantest WHERE a = 1 AND b = 1;
+ count 
+-------
+    23
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test bitmap-or.
+SELECT count(*) FROM bmscantest WHERE a = 1 OR b = 1;
+ count 
+-------
+  2485
+(1 row)
+
+-- clean up
+DROP TABLE bmscantest;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/boolean.out b/src/test/regress/expected/boolean.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4728fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/boolean.out
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+--
+-- BOOLEAN
+--
+--
+-- sanity check - if this fails go insane!
+--
+SELECT 1 AS one;
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+-- ******************testing built-in type bool********************
+-- check bool input syntax
+SELECT true AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT false AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 't' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool '   f           ' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'true' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'test' AS error;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: "test"
+LINE 1: SELECT bool 'test' AS error;
+                    ^
+SELECT bool 'false' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'foo' AS error;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: "foo"
+LINE 1: SELECT bool 'foo' AS error;
+                    ^
+SELECT bool 'y' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'yes' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'yeah' AS error;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: "yeah"
+LINE 1: SELECT bool 'yeah' AS error;
+                    ^
+SELECT bool 'n' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'no' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'nay' AS error;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: "nay"
+LINE 1: SELECT bool 'nay' AS error;
+                    ^
+SELECT bool 'on' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'off' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'of' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'o' AS error;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: "o"
+LINE 1: SELECT bool 'o' AS error;
+                    ^
+SELECT bool 'on_' AS error;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: "on_"
+LINE 1: SELECT bool 'on_' AS error;
+                    ^
+SELECT bool 'off_' AS error;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: "off_"
+LINE 1: SELECT bool 'off_' AS error;
+                    ^
+SELECT bool '1' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool '11' AS error;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: "11"
+LINE 1: SELECT bool '11' AS error;
+                    ^
+SELECT bool '0' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool '000' AS error;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: "000"
+LINE 1: SELECT bool '000' AS error;
+                    ^
+SELECT bool '' AS error;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: ""
+LINE 1: SELECT bool '' AS error;
+                    ^
+-- and, or, not in qualifications
+SELECT bool 't' or bool 'f' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 't' and bool 'f' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT not bool 'f' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 't' = bool 'f' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 't' <> bool 'f' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 't' > bool 'f' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 't' >= bool 'f' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'f' < bool 't' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bool 'f' <= bool 't' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- explicit casts to/from text
+SELECT 'TrUe'::text::boolean AS true, 'fAlse'::text::boolean AS false;
+ true | false 
+------+-------
+ t    | f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '    true   '::text::boolean AS true,
+       '     FALSE'::text::boolean AS false;
+ true | false 
+------+-------
+ t    | f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT true::boolean::text AS true, false::boolean::text AS false;
+ true | false 
+------+-------
+ true | false
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '  tru e '::text::boolean AS invalid;    -- error
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: "  tru e "
+SELECT ''::text::boolean AS invalid;            -- error
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: ""
+CREATE TABLE BOOLTBL1 (f1 bool);
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL1 (f1) VALUES (bool 't');
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL1 (f1) VALUES (bool 'True');
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL1 (f1) VALUES (bool 'true');
+-- BOOLTBL1 should be full of true's at this point
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.* FROM BOOLTBL1;
+ f1 
+----
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 = bool 'true';
+ f1 
+----
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 <> bool 'false';
+ f1 
+----
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE booleq(bool 'false', f1);
+ f1 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL1 (f1) VALUES (bool 'f');
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 = bool 'false';
+ f1 
+----
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE BOOLTBL2 (f1 bool);
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL2 (f1) VALUES (bool 'f');
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL2 (f1) VALUES (bool 'false');
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL2 (f1) VALUES (bool 'False');
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL2 (f1) VALUES (bool 'FALSE');
+-- This is now an invalid expression
+-- For pre-v6.3 this evaluated to false - thomas 1997-10-23
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL2 (f1)
+   VALUES (bool 'XXX');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type boolean: "XXX"
+LINE 2:    VALUES (bool 'XXX');
+                        ^
+-- BOOLTBL2 should be full of false's at this point
+SELECT BOOLTBL2.* FROM BOOLTBL2;
+ f1 
+----
+ f
+ f
+ f
+ f
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*, BOOLTBL2.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1, BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE BOOLTBL2.f1 <> BOOLTBL1.f1;
+ f1 | f1 
+----+----
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*, BOOLTBL2.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1, BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE boolne(BOOLTBL2.f1,BOOLTBL1.f1);
+ f1 | f1 
+----+----
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*, BOOLTBL2.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1, BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE BOOLTBL2.f1 = BOOLTBL1.f1 and BOOLTBL1.f1 = bool 'false';
+ f1 | f1 
+----+----
+ f  | f
+ f  | f
+ f  | f
+ f  | f
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*, BOOLTBL2.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1, BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE BOOLTBL2.f1 = BOOLTBL1.f1 or BOOLTBL1.f1 = bool 'true'
+   ORDER BY BOOLTBL1.f1, BOOLTBL2.f1;
+ f1 | f1 
+----+----
+ f  | f
+ f  | f
+ f  | f
+ f  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+ t  | f
+(16 rows)
+
+--
+-- SQL syntax
+-- Try all combinations to ensure that we get nothing when we expect nothing
+-- - thomas 2000-01-04
+--
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 IS TRUE;
+ f1 
+----
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 IS NOT FALSE;
+ f1 
+----
+ t
+ t
+ t
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 IS FALSE;
+ f1 
+----
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 IS NOT TRUE;
+ f1 
+----
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE f1 IS TRUE;
+ f1 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE f1 IS NOT FALSE;
+ f1 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE f1 IS FALSE;
+ f1 
+----
+ f
+ f
+ f
+ f
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE f1 IS NOT TRUE;
+ f1 
+----
+ f
+ f
+ f
+ f
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Tests for BooleanTest
+--
+CREATE TABLE BOOLTBL3 (d text, b bool, o int);
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL3 (d, b, o) VALUES ('true', true, 1);
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL3 (d, b, o) VALUES ('false', false, 2);
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL3 (d, b, o) VALUES ('null', null, 3);
+SELECT
+    d,
+    b IS TRUE AS istrue,
+    b IS NOT TRUE AS isnottrue,
+    b IS FALSE AS isfalse,
+    b IS NOT FALSE AS isnotfalse,
+    b IS UNKNOWN AS isunknown,
+    b IS NOT UNKNOWN AS isnotunknown
+FROM booltbl3 ORDER BY o;
+   d   | istrue | isnottrue | isfalse | isnotfalse | isunknown | isnotunknown 
+-------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+-----------+--------------
+ true  | t      | f         | f       | t          | f         | t
+ false | f      | t         | t       | f          | f         | t
+ null  | f      | t         | f       | t          | t         | f
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Test to make sure short-circuiting and NULL handling is
+-- correct. Use a table as source to prevent constant simplification
+-- to interfer.
+CREATE TABLE booltbl4(isfalse bool, istrue bool, isnul bool);
+INSERT INTO booltbl4 VALUES (false, true, null);
+\pset null '(null)'
+-- AND expression need to return null if there's any nulls and not all
+-- of the value are true
+SELECT istrue AND isnul AND istrue FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ (null)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT istrue AND istrue AND isnul FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ (null)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT isnul AND istrue AND istrue FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ (null)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT isfalse AND isnul AND istrue FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT istrue AND isfalse AND isnul FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT isnul AND istrue AND isfalse FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- OR expression need to return null if there's any nulls and none
+-- of the value is true
+SELECT isfalse OR isnul OR isfalse FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ (null)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT isfalse OR isfalse OR isnul FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ (null)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT isnul OR isfalse OR isfalse FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ (null)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT isfalse OR isnul OR istrue FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT istrue OR isfalse OR isnul FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT isnul OR istrue OR isfalse FROM booltbl4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Clean up
+-- Many tables are retained by the regression test, but these do not seem
+--  particularly useful so just get rid of them for now.
+--  - thomas 1997-11-30
+--
+DROP TABLE  BOOLTBL1;
+DROP TABLE  BOOLTBL2;
+DROP TABLE  BOOLTBL3;
+DROP TABLE  BOOLTBL4;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/box.out b/src/test/regress/expected/box.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bf4d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/box.out
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+--
+-- BOX
+--
+--
+-- box logic
+--	     o
+-- 3	  o--|X
+--	  |  o|
+-- 2	+-+-+ |
+--	| | | |
+-- 1	| o-+-o
+--	|   |
+-- 0	+---+
+--
+--	0 1 2 3
+--
+-- boxes are specified by two points, given by four floats x1,y1,x2,y2
+CREATE TABLE BOX_TBL (f1 box);
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(2.0,2.0,0.0,0.0)');
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(1.0,1.0,3.0,3.0)');
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('((-8, 2), (-2, -10))');
+-- degenerate cases where the box is a line or a point
+-- note that lines and points boxes all have zero area
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(2.5, 2.5, 2.5,3.5)');
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(3.0, 3.0,3.0,3.0)');
+-- badly formatted box inputs
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(2.3, 4.5)');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type box: "(2.3, 4.5)"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(2.3, 4.5)');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('[1, 2, 3, 4)');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type box: "[1, 2, 3, 4)"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('[1, 2, 3, 4)');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(1, 2, 3, 4]');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type box: "(1, 2, 3, 4]"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(1, 2, 3, 4]');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(1, 2, 3, 4) x');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type box: "(1, 2, 3, 4) x"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(1, 2, 3, 4) x');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('asdfasdf(ad');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type box: "asdfasdf(ad"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('asdfasdf(ad');
+                                         ^
+SELECT * FROM BOX_TBL;
+         f1          
+---------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT b.*, area(b.f1) as barea
+   FROM BOX_TBL b;
+         f1          | barea 
+---------------------+-------
+ (2,2),(0,0)         |     4
+ (3,3),(1,1)         |     4
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |    72
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |     0
+ (3,3),(3,3)         |     0
+(5 rows)
+
+-- overlap
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 && box '(2.5,2.5,1.0,1.0)';
+         f1          
+---------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- left-or-overlap (x only)
+SELECT b1.*
+   FROM BOX_TBL b1
+   WHERE b1.f1 &< box '(2.0,2.0,2.5,2.5)';
+         f1          
+---------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- right-or-overlap (x only)
+SELECT b1.*
+   FROM BOX_TBL b1
+   WHERE b1.f1 &> box '(2.0,2.0,2.5,2.5)';
+         f1          
+---------------------
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- left of
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 << box '(3.0,3.0,5.0,5.0)';
+         f1          
+---------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- area <=
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 <= box '(3.0,3.0,5.0,5.0)';
+         f1          
+---------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+(4 rows)
+
+-- area <
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 < box '(3.0,3.0,5.0,5.0)';
+         f1          
+---------------------
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- area =
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 = box '(3.0,3.0,5.0,5.0)';
+     f1      
+-------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- area >
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b				-- zero area
+   WHERE b.f1 > box '(3.5,3.0,4.5,3.0)';
+       f1        
+-----------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- area >=
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b				-- zero area
+   WHERE b.f1 >= box '(3.5,3.0,4.5,3.0)';
+         f1          
+---------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- right of
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE box '(3.0,3.0,5.0,5.0)' >> b.f1;
+         f1          
+---------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- contained in
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 <@ box '(0,0,3,3)';
+     f1      
+-------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- contains
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE box '(0,0,3,3)' @> b.f1;
+     f1      
+-------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- box equality
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE box '(1,1,3,3)' ~= b.f1;
+     f1      
+-------------
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+(1 row)
+
+-- center of box, left unary operator
+SELECT @@(b1.f1) AS p
+   FROM BOX_TBL b1;
+    p    
+---------
+ (1,1)
+ (2,2)
+ (-5,-4)
+ (2.5,3)
+ (3,3)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- wholly-contained
+SELECT b1.*, b2.*
+   FROM BOX_TBL b1, BOX_TBL b2
+   WHERE b1.f1 @> b2.f1 and not b1.f1 ~= b2.f1;
+     f1      |     f1      
+-------------+-------------
+ (3,3),(1,1) | (3,3),(3,3)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT height(f1), width(f1) FROM BOX_TBL;
+ height | width 
+--------+-------
+      2 |     2
+      2 |     2
+     12 |     6
+      1 |     0
+      0 |     0
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test the SP-GiST index
+--
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE box_temp (f1 box);
+INSERT INTO box_temp
+	SELECT box(point(i, i), point(i * 2, i * 2))
+	FROM generate_series(1, 50) AS i;
+CREATE INDEX box_spgist ON box_temp USING spgist (f1);
+INSERT INTO box_temp
+	VALUES (NULL),
+		   ('(0,0)(0,100)'),
+		   ('(-3,4.3333333333)(40,1)'),
+		   ('(0,100)(0,infinity)'),
+		   ('(-infinity,0)(0,infinity)'),
+		   ('(-infinity,-infinity)(infinity,infinity)');
+SET enable_seqscan = false;
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 << '(10,20),(30,40)';
+             f1             
+----------------------------
+ (2,2),(1,1)
+ (4,4),(2,2)
+ (6,6),(3,3)
+ (8,8),(4,4)
+ (0,100),(0,0)
+ (0,Infinity),(0,100)
+ (0,Infinity),(-Infinity,0)
+(7 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 << '(10,20),(30,40)';
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 << '(30,40),(10,20)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &< '(10,4.333334),(5,100)';
+             f1             
+----------------------------
+ (2,2),(1,1)
+ (4,4),(2,2)
+ (6,6),(3,3)
+ (8,8),(4,4)
+ (10,10),(5,5)
+ (0,100),(0,0)
+ (0,Infinity),(0,100)
+ (0,Infinity),(-Infinity,0)
+(8 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &< '(10,4.333334),(5,100)';
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 &< '(10,100),(5,4.333334)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 && '(15,20),(25,30)';
+                    f1                     
+-------------------------------------------
+ (20,20),(10,10)
+ (22,22),(11,11)
+ (24,24),(12,12)
+ (26,26),(13,13)
+ (28,28),(14,14)
+ (30,30),(15,15)
+ (32,32),(16,16)
+ (34,34),(17,17)
+ (36,36),(18,18)
+ (38,38),(19,19)
+ (40,40),(20,20)
+ (42,42),(21,21)
+ (44,44),(22,22)
+ (46,46),(23,23)
+ (48,48),(24,24)
+ (50,50),(25,25)
+ (Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,-Infinity)
+(17 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 && '(15,20),(25,30)';
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 && '(25,30),(15,20)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &> '(40,30),(45,50)';
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ (80,80),(40,40)
+ (82,82),(41,41)
+ (84,84),(42,42)
+ (86,86),(43,43)
+ (88,88),(44,44)
+ (90,90),(45,45)
+ (92,92),(46,46)
+ (94,94),(47,47)
+ (96,96),(48,48)
+ (98,98),(49,49)
+ (100,100),(50,50)
+(11 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &> '(40,30),(45,50)';
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 &> '(45,50),(40,30)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 >> '(30,40),(40,30)';
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ (82,82),(41,41)
+ (84,84),(42,42)
+ (86,86),(43,43)
+ (88,88),(44,44)
+ (90,90),(45,45)
+ (92,92),(46,46)
+ (94,94),(47,47)
+ (96,96),(48,48)
+ (98,98),(49,49)
+ (100,100),(50,50)
+(10 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 >> '(30,40),(40,30)';
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 >> '(40,40),(30,30)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 <<| '(10,4.33334),(5,100)';
+            f1            
+--------------------------
+ (2,2),(1,1)
+ (4,4),(2,2)
+ (40,4.3333333333),(-3,1)
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 <<| '(10,4.33334),(5,100)';
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 <<| '(10,100),(5,4.33334)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &<| '(10,4.3333334),(5,1)';
+            f1            
+--------------------------
+ (2,2),(1,1)
+ (4,4),(2,2)
+ (40,4.3333333333),(-3,1)
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &<| '(10,4.3333334),(5,1)';
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 &<| '(10,4.3333334),(5,1)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 |&> '(49.99,49.99),(49.99,49.99)';
+          f1          
+----------------------
+ (100,100),(50,50)
+ (0,Infinity),(0,100)
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 |&> '(49.99,49.99),(49.99,49.99)';
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 |&> '(49.99,49.99),(49.99,49.99)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 |>> '(37,38),(39,40)';
+          f1          
+----------------------
+ (82,82),(41,41)
+ (84,84),(42,42)
+ (86,86),(43,43)
+ (88,88),(44,44)
+ (90,90),(45,45)
+ (92,92),(46,46)
+ (94,94),(47,47)
+ (96,96),(48,48)
+ (98,98),(49,49)
+ (100,100),(50,50)
+ (0,Infinity),(0,100)
+(11 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 |>> '(37,38),(39,40)';
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 |>> '(39,40),(37,38)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 @> '(10,11),(15,16)';
+                    f1                     
+-------------------------------------------
+ (16,16),(8,8)
+ (18,18),(9,9)
+ (20,20),(10,10)
+ (Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,-Infinity)
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 @> '(10,11),(15,15)';
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 @> '(15,15),(10,11)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 <@ '(10,15),(30,35)';
+       f1        
+-----------------
+ (30,30),(15,15)
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 <@ '(10,15),(30,35)';
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 <@ '(30,35),(10,15)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 ~= '(20,20),(40,40)';
+       f1        
+-----------------
+ (40,40),(20,20)
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 ~= '(20,20),(40,40)';
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using box_spgist on box_temp
+   Index Cond: (f1 ~= '(40,40),(20,20)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+DROP INDEX box_spgist;
+--
+-- Test the SP-GiST index on the larger volume of data
+--
+CREATE TABLE quad_box_tbl (id int, b box);
+INSERT INTO quad_box_tbl
+  SELECT (x - 1) * 100 + y, box(point(x * 10, y * 10), point(x * 10 + 5, y * 10 + 5))
+  FROM generate_series(1, 100) x,
+       generate_series(1, 100) y;
+-- insert repeating data to test allTheSame
+INSERT INTO quad_box_tbl
+  SELECT i, '((200, 300),(210, 310))'
+  FROM generate_series(10001, 11000) AS i;
+INSERT INTO quad_box_tbl
+VALUES
+  (11001, NULL),
+  (11002, NULL),
+  (11003, '((-infinity,-infinity),(infinity,infinity))'),
+  (11004, '((-infinity,100),(-infinity,500))'),
+  (11005, '((-infinity,-infinity),(700,infinity))');
+CREATE INDEX quad_box_tbl_idx ON quad_box_tbl USING spgist(b);
+-- get reference results for ORDER BY distance from seq scan
+SET enable_seqscan = ON;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+CREATE TABLE quad_box_tbl_ord_seq1 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl;
+CREATE TABLE quad_box_tbl_ord_seq2 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <@ box '((200,300),(500,600))';
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <<  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+ count 
+-------
+   901
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b &<  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+ count 
+-------
+  3901
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b &&  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+ count 
+-------
+  1653
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b &>  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+ count 
+-------
+ 10100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b >>  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+ count 
+-------
+  7000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b >>  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+ count 
+-------
+  7000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <<| box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+ count 
+-------
+  1900
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b &<| box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+ count 
+-------
+  5901
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b |&> box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+ count 
+-------
+  9100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b |>> box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+ count 
+-------
+  5000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b @>  box '((201,301),(202,303))';
+ count 
+-------
+  1003
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <@  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+ count 
+-------
+  1600
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b ~=  box '((200,300),(205,305))';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- test ORDER BY distance
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl;
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  Index Scan using quad_box_tbl_idx on quad_box_tbl
+         Order By: (b <-> '(123,456)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_box_tbl_ord_idx1 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl;
+SELECT *
+FROM quad_box_tbl_ord_seq1 seq FULL JOIN quad_box_tbl_ord_idx1 idx
+	ON seq.n = idx.n AND seq.id = idx.id AND
+		(seq.dist = idx.dist OR seq.dist IS NULL AND idx.dist IS NULL)
+WHERE seq.id IS NULL OR idx.id IS NULL;
+ n | dist | id | n | dist | id 
+---+------+----+---+------+----
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <@ box '((200,300),(500,600))';
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  Index Scan using quad_box_tbl_idx on quad_box_tbl
+         Index Cond: (b <@ '(500,600),(200,300)'::box)
+         Order By: (b <-> '(123,456)'::point)
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_box_tbl_ord_idx2 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <@ box '((200,300),(500,600))';
+SELECT *
+FROM quad_box_tbl_ord_seq2 seq FULL JOIN quad_box_tbl_ord_idx2 idx
+	ON seq.n = idx.n AND seq.id = idx.id AND
+		(seq.dist = idx.dist OR seq.dist IS NULL AND idx.dist IS NULL)
+WHERE seq.id IS NULL OR idx.id IS NULL;
+ n | dist | id | n | dist | id 
+---+------+----+---+------+----
+(0 rows)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/brin.out b/src/test/regress/expected/brin.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73fa383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/brin.out
@@ -0,0 +1,574 @@
+CREATE TABLE brintest (byteacol bytea,
+	charcol "char",
+	namecol name,
+	int8col bigint,
+	int2col smallint,
+	int4col integer,
+	textcol text,
+	oidcol oid,
+	tidcol tid,
+	float4col real,
+	float8col double precision,
+	macaddrcol macaddr,
+	inetcol inet,
+	cidrcol cidr,
+	bpcharcol character,
+	datecol date,
+	timecol time without time zone,
+	timestampcol timestamp without time zone,
+	timestamptzcol timestamp with time zone,
+	intervalcol interval,
+	timetzcol time with time zone,
+	bitcol bit(10),
+	varbitcol bit varying(16),
+	numericcol numeric,
+	uuidcol uuid,
+	int4rangecol int4range,
+	lsncol pg_lsn,
+	boxcol box
+) WITH (fillfactor=10, autovacuum_enabled=off);
+INSERT INTO brintest SELECT
+	repeat(stringu1, 8)::bytea,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::"char",
+	stringu1::name, 142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	repeat(stringu1, 8),
+	unique1::oid,
+	format('(%s,%s)', tenthous, twenty)::tid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	inet '10.2.3.4/24' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::bpchar,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20+02' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	thousand::bit(10),
+	tenthous::bit(16)::varbit,
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	int4range(thousand, twothousand),
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn,
+	box(point(odd, even), point(thousand, twothousand))
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 100;
+-- throw in some NULL's and different values
+INSERT INTO brintest (inetcol, cidrcol, int4rangecol) SELECT
+	inet 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous,
+	cidr 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous,
+	'empty'::int4range
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY thousand, tenthous LIMIT 25;
+CREATE INDEX brinidx ON brintest USING brin (
+	byteacol,
+	charcol,
+	namecol,
+	int8col,
+	int2col,
+	int4col,
+	textcol,
+	oidcol,
+	tidcol,
+	float4col,
+	float8col,
+	macaddrcol,
+	inetcol inet_inclusion_ops,
+	inetcol inet_minmax_ops,
+	cidrcol inet_inclusion_ops,
+	cidrcol inet_minmax_ops,
+	bpcharcol,
+	datecol,
+	timecol,
+	timestampcol,
+	timestamptzcol,
+	intervalcol,
+	timetzcol,
+	bitcol,
+	varbitcol,
+	numericcol,
+	uuidcol,
+	int4rangecol,
+	lsncol,
+	boxcol
+) with (pages_per_range = 1);
+CREATE TABLE brinopers (colname name, typ text,
+	op text[], value text[], matches int[],
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(value)),
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(matches)));
+INSERT INTO brinopers VALUES
+	('byteacol', 'bytea',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{AAAAAA, AAAAAA, BNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAA, ZZZZZZ, ZZZZZZ}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('charcol', '"char"',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{A, A, M, Z, Z}',
+	 '{97, 100, 6, 100, 98}'),
+	('namecol', 'name',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{AAAAAA, AAAAAA, MAAAAA, ZZAAAA, ZZAAAA}',
+	 '{100, 100, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('int2col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int2col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int2col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=}',
+	 '{0, 0}',
+	 '{100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=}',
+	 '{0, 0}',
+	 '{100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 1257141600, 1428427143, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('textcol', 'text',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{ABABAB, ABABAB, BNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAA, ZZAAAA, ZZAAAA}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('oidcol', 'oid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 8800, 9999, 9999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('tidcol', 'tid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{"(0,0)", "(0,0)", "(8800,0)", "(9999,19)", "(9999,19)"}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('float4col', 'float4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.0103093, 0.0103093, 1, 1, 1}',
+	 '{100, 100, 4, 100, 96}'),
+	('float4col', 'float8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.0103093, 0.0103093, 1, 1, 1}',
+	 '{100, 100, 4, 100, 96}'),
+	('float8col', 'float4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 0, 1.98, 1.98}',
+	 '{99, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('float8col', 'float8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 0, 1.98, 1.98}',
+	 '{99, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('macaddrcol', 'macaddr',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00:00:01:00:00:00, 00:00:01:00:00:00, 2c:00:2d:00:16:00, ff:fe:00:00:00:00, ff:fe:00:00:00:00}',
+	 '{99, 100, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('inetcol', 'inet',
+	 '{&&, =, <, <=, >, >=, >>=, >>, <<=, <<}',
+	 '{10/8, 10.2.14.231/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0, 10.2.14.231/24, 10.2.14.231/25, 10.2.14.231/8, 0/0}',
+	 '{100, 1, 100, 100, 125, 125, 2, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('inetcol', 'inet',
+	 '{&&, >>=, <<=, =}',
+	 '{fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:a673/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:a673/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{25, 1, 25, 1}'),
+	('inetcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{&&, <, <=, >, >=, >>=, >>, <<=, <<}',
+	 '{10/8, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0, 10.2.14/24, 10.2.14/25, 10/8, 0/0}',
+	 '{100, 100, 100, 125, 125, 2, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('inetcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{&&, >>=, <<=, =}',
+	 '{fe80::/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46, fe80::/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{25, 1, 25, 1}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'inet',
+	 '{&&, =, <, <=, >, >=, >>=, >>, <<=, <<}',
+	 '{10/8, 10.2.14/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0, 10.2.14.231/24, 10.2.14.231/25, 10.2.14.231/8, 0/0}',
+	 '{100, 2, 100, 100, 125, 125, 2, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'inet',
+	 '{&&, >>=, <<=, =}',
+	 '{fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:a673/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:a673/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{25, 1, 25, 1}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{&&, =, <, <=, >, >=, >>=, >>, <<=, <<}',
+	 '{10/8, 10.2.14/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0, 10.2.14/24, 10.2.14/25, 10/8, 0/0}',
+	 '{100, 2, 100, 100, 125, 125, 2, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{&&, >>=, <<=, =}',
+	 '{fe80::/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46, fe80::/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{25, 1, 25, 1}'),
+	('bpcharcol', 'bpchar',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{A, A, W, Z, Z}',
+	 '{97, 100, 6, 100, 98}'),
+	('datecol', 'date',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1995-08-15, 1995-08-15, 2009-12-01, 2022-12-30, 2022-12-30}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timecol', 'time',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{01:20:30, 01:20:30, 02:28:57, 06:28:31.5, 06:28:31.5}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestampcol', 'timestamp',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1964-03-24 19:26:45, 1984-01-20 22:42:21, 1984-01-20 22:42:21}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestampcol', 'timestamptz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1964-03-24 19:26:45, 1984-01-20 22:42:21, 1984-01-20 22:42:21}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestamptzcol', 'timestamptz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1972-10-10 03:00:00-04, 1972-10-10 03:00:00-04, 1972-10-19 09:00:00-07, 1972-11-20 19:00:00-03, 1972-11-20 19:00:00-03}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('intervalcol', 'interval',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00:00:00, 00:00:00, 1 mons 13 days 12:24, 2 mons 23 days 07:48:00, 1 year}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timetzcol', 'timetz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{01:30:20+02, 01:30:20+02, 01:35:50+02, 23:55:05+02, 23:55:05+02}',
+	 '{99, 100, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('bitcol', 'bit(10)',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0000000010, 0000000010, 0011011110, 1111111000, 1111111000}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('varbitcol', 'varbit(16)',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0000000000000100, 0000000000000100, 0001010001100110, 1111111111111000, 1111111111111000}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('numericcol', 'numeric',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.00, 0.01, 2268164.347826086956521739130434782609, 99470151.9, 99470151.9}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('uuidcol', 'uuid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00040004-0004-0004-0004-000400040004, 00040004-0004-0004-0004-000400040004, 52225222-5222-5222-5222-522252225222, 99989998-9998-9998-9998-999899989998, 99989998-9998-9998-9998-999899989998}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4rangecol', 'int4range',
+	 '{<<, &<, &&, &>, >>, @>, <@, =, <, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{"[10000,)","[10000,)","(,]","[3,4)","[36,44)","(1500,1501]","[3,4)","[222,1222)","[36,44)","[43,1043)","[367,4466)","[519,)"}',
+	 '{53, 53, 53, 53, 50, 22, 72, 1, 74, 75, 34, 21}'),
+	('int4rangecol', 'int4range',
+	 '{@>, <@, =, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{empty, empty, empty, empty, empty, empty}',
+	 '{125, 72, 72, 72, 53, 125}'),
+	('int4rangecol', 'int4',
+	 '{@>}',
+	 '{1500}',
+	 '{22}'),
+	('lsncol', 'pg_lsn',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <, IS, IS NOT}',
+	 '{0/1200, 0/1200, 44/455222, 198/1999799, 198/1999799, NULL, NULL}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100, 25, 100}'),
+	('boxcol', 'point',
+	 '{@>}',
+	 '{"(500,43)"}',
+	 '{11}'),
+	('boxcol', 'box',
+	 '{<<, &<, &&, &>, >>, <<|, &<|, |&>, |>>, @>, <@, ~=}',
+	 '{"((1000,2000),(3000,4000))","((1,2),(3000,4000))","((1,2),(3000,4000))","((1,2),(3000,4000))","((1,2),(3,4))","((1000,2000),(3000,4000))","((1,2000),(3,4000))","((1000,2),(3000,4))","((1,2),(3,4))","((1,2),(300,400))","((1,2),(3000,4000))","((222,1222),(44,45))"}',
+	 '{100, 100, 100, 99, 96, 100, 100, 99, 96, 1, 99, 1}');
+DO $x$
+DECLARE
+	r record;
+	r2 record;
+	cond text;
+	idx_ctids tid[];
+	ss_ctids tid[];
+	count int;
+	plan_ok bool;
+	plan_line text;
+BEGIN
+	FOR r IN SELECT colname, oper, typ, value[ordinality], matches[ordinality] FROM brinopers, unnest(op) WITH ORDINALITY AS oper LOOP
+
+		-- prepare the condition
+		IF r.value IS NULL THEN
+			cond := format('%I %s %L', r.colname, r.oper, r.value);
+		ELSE
+			cond := format('%I %s %L::%s', r.colname, r.oper, r.value, r.typ);
+		END IF;
+
+		-- run the query using the brin index
+		SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Bitmap Heap Scan on brintest%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get bitmap indexscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO idx_ctids;
+
+		-- run the query using a seqscan
+		SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Seq Scan on brintest%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get seqscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO ss_ctids;
+
+		-- make sure both return the same results
+		count := array_length(idx_ctids, 1);
+
+		IF NOT (count = array_length(ss_ctids, 1) AND
+				idx_ctids @> ss_ctids AND
+				idx_ctids <@ ss_ctids) THEN
+			-- report the results of each scan to make the differences obvious
+			RAISE WARNING 'something not right in %: count %', r, count;
+			SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'seqscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+
+			SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'bitmapscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+		END IF;
+
+		-- make sure we found expected number of matches
+		IF count != r.matches THEN RAISE WARNING 'unexpected number of results % for %', count, r; END IF;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$x$;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+INSERT INTO brintest SELECT
+	repeat(stringu1, 42)::bytea,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::"char",
+	stringu1::name, 142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	repeat(stringu1, 42),
+	unique1::oid,
+	format('(%s,%s)', tenthous, twenty)::tid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	inet '10.2.3.4' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::bpchar,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	thousand::bit(10),
+	tenthous::bit(16)::varbit,
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	int4range(thousand, twothousand),
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn,
+	box(point(odd, even), point(thousand, twothousand))
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 5 OFFSET 5;
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', 0);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+VACUUM brintest;  -- force a summarization cycle in brinidx
+UPDATE brintest SET int8col = int8col * int4col;
+UPDATE brintest SET textcol = '' WHERE textcol IS NOT NULL;
+-- Tests for brin_summarize_new_values
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brintest'); -- error, not an index
+ERROR:  "brintest" is not an index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('tenk1_unique1'); -- error, not a BRIN index
+ERROR:  "tenk1_unique1" is not a BRIN index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brinidx'); -- ok, no change expected
+ brin_summarize_new_values 
+---------------------------
+                         0
+(1 row)
+
+-- Tests for brin_desummarize_range
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', -1); -- error, invalid range
+ERROR:  block number out of range: -1
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', 0);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', 0);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', 100000000);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test brin_summarize_range
+CREATE TABLE brin_summarize (
+    value int
+) WITH (fillfactor=10, autovacuum_enabled=false);
+CREATE INDEX brin_summarize_idx ON brin_summarize USING brin (value) WITH (pages_per_range=2);
+-- Fill a few pages
+DO $$
+DECLARE curtid tid;
+BEGIN
+  LOOP
+    INSERT INTO brin_summarize VALUES (1) RETURNING ctid INTO curtid;
+    EXIT WHEN curtid > tid '(2, 0)';
+  END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', 0);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    0
+(1 row)
+
+-- nothing: already summarized
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', 1);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    0
+(1 row)
+
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', 2);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    1
+(1 row)
+
+-- nothing: page doesn't exist in table
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', 4294967295);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    0
+(1 row)
+
+-- invalid block number values
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', -1);
+ERROR:  block number out of range: -1
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', 4294967296);
+ERROR:  block number out of range: 4294967296
+-- test value merging in add_value
+CREATE TABLE brintest_2 (n numrange);
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_2 ON brintest_2 USING brin (n);
+INSERT INTO brintest_2 VALUES ('empty');
+INSERT INTO brintest_2 VALUES (numrange(0, 2^1000::numeric));
+INSERT INTO brintest_2 VALUES ('(-1, 0)');
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', 0);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brinidx', 0);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE brintest_2;
+-- test brin cost estimates behave sanely based on correlation of values
+CREATE TABLE brin_test (a INT, b INT);
+INSERT INTO brin_test SELECT x/100,x%100 FROM generate_series(1,10000) x(x);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_a_idx ON brin_test USING brin (a) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_b_idx ON brin_test USING brin (b) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+VACUUM ANALYZE brin_test;
+-- Ensure brin index is used when columns are perfectly correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test WHERE a = 1;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on brin_test
+   Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on brin_test_a_idx
+         Index Cond: (a = 1)
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Ensure brin index is not used when values are not correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test WHERE b = 1;
+      QUERY PLAN       
+-----------------------
+ Seq Scan on brin_test
+   Filter: (b = 1)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- make sure data are properly de-toasted in BRIN index
+CREATE TABLE brintest_3 (a text, b text, c text, d text);
+-- long random strings (~2000 chars each, so ~6kB for min/max on two
+-- columns) to trigger toasting
+WITH rand_value AS (SELECT string_agg(md5(i::text),'') AS val FROM generate_series(1,60) s(i))
+INSERT INTO brintest_3
+SELECT val, val, val, val FROM rand_value;
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_toast_idx ON brintest_3 USING brin (b, c);
+DELETE FROM brintest_3;
+-- We need to wait a bit for all transactions to complete, so that the
+-- vacuum actually removes the TOAST rows. Creating an index concurrently
+-- is a one way to achieve that, because it does exactly such wait.
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY brin_test_temp_idx ON brintest_3(a);
+DROP INDEX brin_test_temp_idx;
+-- vacuum the table, to discard TOAST data
+VACUUM brintest_3;
+-- retry insert with a different random-looking (but deterministic) value
+-- the value is different, and so should replace either min or max in the
+-- brin summary
+WITH rand_value AS (SELECT string_agg(md5((-i)::text),'') AS val FROM generate_series(1,60) s(i))
+INSERT INTO brintest_3
+SELECT val, val, val, val FROM rand_value;
+-- now try some queries, accessing the brin index
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brintest_3 WHERE b < '0';
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on brintest_3
+   Recheck Cond: (b < '0'::text)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on brin_test_toast_idx
+         Index Cond: (b < '0'::text)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM brintest_3 WHERE b < '0';
+ a | b | c | d 
+---+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE brintest_3;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+-- test an unlogged table, mostly to get coverage of brinbuildempty
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE brintest_unlogged (n numrange);
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_unlogged ON brintest_unlogged USING brin (n);
+INSERT INTO brintest_unlogged VALUES (numrange(0, 2^1000::numeric));
+DROP TABLE brintest_unlogged;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/brin_bloom.out b/src/test/regress/expected/brin_bloom.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32c56a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/brin_bloom.out
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+CREATE TABLE brintest_bloom (byteacol bytea,
+	charcol "char",
+	namecol name,
+	int8col bigint,
+	int2col smallint,
+	int4col integer,
+	textcol text,
+	oidcol oid,
+	float4col real,
+	float8col double precision,
+	macaddrcol macaddr,
+	inetcol inet,
+	cidrcol cidr,
+	bpcharcol character,
+	datecol date,
+	timecol time without time zone,
+	timestampcol timestamp without time zone,
+	timestamptzcol timestamp with time zone,
+	intervalcol interval,
+	timetzcol time with time zone,
+	numericcol numeric,
+	uuidcol uuid,
+	lsncol pg_lsn
+) WITH (fillfactor=10);
+INSERT INTO brintest_bloom SELECT
+	repeat(stringu1, 8)::bytea,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::"char",
+	stringu1::name, 142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	repeat(stringu1, 8),
+	unique1::oid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	inet '10.2.3.4/24' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::bpchar,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20+02' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 100;
+-- throw in some NULL's and different values
+INSERT INTO brintest_bloom (inetcol, cidrcol) SELECT
+	inet 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous,
+	cidr 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY thousand, tenthous LIMIT 25;
+-- test bloom specific index options
+-- ndistinct must be >= -1.0
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_bloom ON brintest_bloom USING brin (
+	byteacol bytea_bloom_ops(n_distinct_per_range = -1.1)
+);
+ERROR:  value -1.1 out of bounds for option "n_distinct_per_range"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "-1.000000" and "2147483647.000000".
+-- false_positive_rate must be between 0.0001 and 0.25
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_bloom ON brintest_bloom USING brin (
+	byteacol bytea_bloom_ops(false_positive_rate = 0.00009)
+);
+ERROR:  value 0.00009 out of bounds for option "false_positive_rate"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "0.000100" and "0.250000".
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_bloom ON brintest_bloom USING brin (
+	byteacol bytea_bloom_ops(false_positive_rate = 0.26)
+);
+ERROR:  value 0.26 out of bounds for option "false_positive_rate"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "0.000100" and "0.250000".
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_bloom ON brintest_bloom USING brin (
+	byteacol bytea_bloom_ops,
+	charcol char_bloom_ops,
+	namecol name_bloom_ops,
+	int8col int8_bloom_ops,
+	int2col int2_bloom_ops,
+	int4col int4_bloom_ops,
+	textcol text_bloom_ops,
+	oidcol oid_bloom_ops,
+	float4col float4_bloom_ops,
+	float8col float8_bloom_ops,
+	macaddrcol macaddr_bloom_ops,
+	inetcol inet_bloom_ops,
+	cidrcol inet_bloom_ops,
+	bpcharcol bpchar_bloom_ops,
+	datecol date_bloom_ops,
+	timecol time_bloom_ops,
+	timestampcol timestamp_bloom_ops,
+	timestamptzcol timestamptz_bloom_ops,
+	intervalcol interval_bloom_ops,
+	timetzcol timetz_bloom_ops,
+	numericcol numeric_bloom_ops,
+	uuidcol uuid_bloom_ops,
+	lsncol pg_lsn_bloom_ops
+) with (pages_per_range = 1);
+CREATE TABLE brinopers_bloom (colname name, typ text,
+	op text[], value text[], matches int[],
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(value)),
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(matches)));
+INSERT INTO brinopers_bloom VALUES
+	('byteacol', 'bytea',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{BNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAA}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('charcol', '"char"',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{M}',
+	 '{6}'),
+	('namecol', 'name',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{MAAAAA}',
+	 '{2}'),
+	('int2col', 'int2',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{800}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('int4col', 'int4',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{800}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('int8col', 'int8',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{1257141600}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('textcol', 'text',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{BNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAA}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('oidcol', 'oid',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{8800}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('float4col', 'float4',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{1}',
+	 '{4}'),
+	('float8col', 'float8',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{0}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('macaddrcol', 'macaddr',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{2c:00:2d:00:16:00}',
+	 '{2}'),
+	('inetcol', 'inet',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{10.2.14.231/24}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('inetcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'inet',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{10.2.14/24}',
+	 '{2}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'inet',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{10.2.14/24}',
+	 '{2}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('bpcharcol', 'bpchar',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{W}',
+	 '{6}'),
+	('datecol', 'date',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{2009-12-01}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('timecol', 'time',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{02:28:57}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('timestampcol', 'timestamp',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{1964-03-24 19:26:45}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('timestamptzcol', 'timestamptz',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{1972-10-19 09:00:00-07}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('intervalcol', 'interval',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{1 mons 13 days 12:24}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('timetzcol', 'timetz',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{01:35:50+02}',
+	 '{2}'),
+	('numericcol', 'numeric',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{2268164.347826086956521739130434782609}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('uuidcol', 'uuid',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{52225222-5222-5222-5222-522252225222}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('lsncol', 'pg_lsn',
+	 '{=, IS, IS NOT}',
+	 '{44/455222, NULL, NULL}',
+	 '{1, 25, 100}');
+DO $x$
+DECLARE
+	r record;
+	r2 record;
+	cond text;
+	idx_ctids tid[];
+	ss_ctids tid[];
+	count int;
+	plan_ok bool;
+	plan_line text;
+BEGIN
+	FOR r IN SELECT colname, oper, typ, value[ordinality], matches[ordinality] FROM brinopers_bloom, unnest(op) WITH ORDINALITY AS oper LOOP
+
+		-- prepare the condition
+		IF r.value IS NULL THEN
+			cond := format('%I %s %L', r.colname, r.oper, r.value);
+		ELSE
+			cond := format('%I %s %L::%s', r.colname, r.oper, r.value, r.typ);
+		END IF;
+
+		-- run the query using the brin index
+		SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_bloom WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Bitmap Heap Scan on brintest_bloom%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get bitmap indexscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_bloom WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO idx_ctids;
+
+		-- run the query using a seqscan
+		SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_bloom WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Seq Scan on brintest_bloom%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get seqscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_bloom WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO ss_ctids;
+
+		-- make sure both return the same results
+		count := array_length(idx_ctids, 1);
+
+		IF NOT (count = array_length(ss_ctids, 1) AND
+				idx_ctids @> ss_ctids AND
+				idx_ctids <@ ss_ctids) THEN
+			-- report the results of each scan to make the differences obvious
+			RAISE WARNING 'something not right in %: count %', r, count;
+			SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest_bloom WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'seqscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+
+			SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest_bloom WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'bitmapscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+		END IF;
+
+		-- make sure we found expected number of matches
+		IF count != r.matches THEN RAISE WARNING 'unexpected number of results % for %', count, r; END IF;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$x$;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+INSERT INTO brintest_bloom SELECT
+	repeat(stringu1, 42)::bytea,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::"char",
+	stringu1::name, 142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	repeat(stringu1, 42),
+	unique1::oid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	inet '10.2.3.4' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::bpchar,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 5 OFFSET 5;
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_bloom', 0);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+VACUUM brintest_bloom;  -- force a summarization cycle in brinidx
+UPDATE brintest_bloom SET int8col = int8col * int4col;
+UPDATE brintest_bloom SET textcol = '' WHERE textcol IS NOT NULL;
+-- Tests for brin_summarize_new_values
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brintest_bloom'); -- error, not an index
+ERROR:  "brintest_bloom" is not an index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('tenk1_unique1'); -- error, not a BRIN index
+ERROR:  "tenk1_unique1" is not a BRIN index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brinidx_bloom'); -- ok, no change expected
+ brin_summarize_new_values 
+---------------------------
+                         0
+(1 row)
+
+-- Tests for brin_desummarize_range
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_bloom', -1); -- error, invalid range
+ERROR:  block number out of range: -1
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_bloom', 0);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_bloom', 0);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_bloom', 100000000);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test brin_summarize_range
+CREATE TABLE brin_summarize_bloom (
+    value int
+) WITH (fillfactor=10, autovacuum_enabled=false);
+CREATE INDEX brin_summarize_bloom_idx ON brin_summarize_bloom USING brin (value) WITH (pages_per_range=2);
+-- Fill a few pages
+DO $$
+DECLARE curtid tid;
+BEGIN
+  LOOP
+    INSERT INTO brin_summarize_bloom VALUES (1) RETURNING ctid INTO curtid;
+    EXIT WHEN curtid > tid '(2, 0)';
+  END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', 0);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    0
+(1 row)
+
+-- nothing: already summarized
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', 1);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    0
+(1 row)
+
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', 2);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    1
+(1 row)
+
+-- nothing: page doesn't exist in table
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', 4294967295);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    0
+(1 row)
+
+-- invalid block number values
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', -1);
+ERROR:  block number out of range: -1
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', 4294967296);
+ERROR:  block number out of range: 4294967296
+-- test brin cost estimates behave sanely based on correlation of values
+CREATE TABLE brin_test_bloom (a INT, b INT);
+INSERT INTO brin_test_bloom SELECT x/100,x%100 FROM generate_series(1,10000) x(x);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_bloom_a_idx ON brin_test_bloom USING brin (a) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_bloom_b_idx ON brin_test_bloom USING brin (b) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+VACUUM ANALYZE brin_test_bloom;
+-- Ensure brin index is used when columns are perfectly correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test_bloom WHERE a = 1;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on brin_test_bloom
+   Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on brin_test_bloom_a_idx
+         Index Cond: (a = 1)
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Ensure brin index is not used when values are not correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test_bloom WHERE b = 1;
+         QUERY PLAN          
+-----------------------------
+ Seq Scan on brin_test_bloom
+   Filter: (b = 1)
+(2 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/brin_multi.out b/src/test/regress/expected/brin_multi.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0b5890
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/brin_multi.out
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+CREATE TABLE brintest_multi (
+	int8col bigint,
+	int2col smallint,
+	int4col integer,
+	oidcol oid,
+	tidcol tid,
+	float4col real,
+	float8col double precision,
+	macaddrcol macaddr,
+	macaddr8col macaddr8,
+	inetcol inet,
+	cidrcol cidr,
+	datecol date,
+	timecol time without time zone,
+	timestampcol timestamp without time zone,
+	timestamptzcol timestamp with time zone,
+	intervalcol interval,
+	timetzcol time with time zone,
+	numericcol numeric,
+	uuidcol uuid,
+	lsncol pg_lsn
+) WITH (fillfactor=10);
+INSERT INTO brintest_multi SELECT
+	142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	unique1::oid,
+	format('(%s,%s)', tenthous, twenty)::tid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	substr(md5(unique1::text), 1, 16)::macaddr8,
+	inet '10.2.3.4/24' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20+02' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 100;
+-- throw in some NULL's and different values
+INSERT INTO brintest_multi (inetcol, cidrcol) SELECT
+	inet 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous,
+	cidr 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY thousand, tenthous LIMIT 25;
+-- test minmax-multi specific index options
+-- number of values must be >= 16
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_multi ON brintest_multi USING brin (
+	int8col int8_minmax_multi_ops(values_per_range = 7)
+);
+ERROR:  value 7 out of bounds for option "values_per_range"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "8" and "256".
+-- number of values must be <= 256
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_multi ON brintest_multi USING brin (
+	int8col int8_minmax_multi_ops(values_per_range = 257)
+);
+ERROR:  value 257 out of bounds for option "values_per_range"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "8" and "256".
+-- first create an index with a single page range, to force compaction
+-- due to exceeding the number of values per summary
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_multi ON brintest_multi USING brin (
+	int8col int8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	int2col int2_minmax_multi_ops,
+	int4col int4_minmax_multi_ops,
+	oidcol oid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	tidcol tid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	float4col float4_minmax_multi_ops,
+	float8col float8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	macaddrcol macaddr_minmax_multi_ops,
+	macaddr8col macaddr8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	inetcol inet_minmax_multi_ops,
+	cidrcol inet_minmax_multi_ops,
+	datecol date_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timecol time_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timestampcol timestamp_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timestamptzcol timestamptz_minmax_multi_ops,
+	intervalcol interval_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timetzcol timetz_minmax_multi_ops,
+	numericcol numeric_minmax_multi_ops,
+	uuidcol uuid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	lsncol pg_lsn_minmax_multi_ops
+);
+DROP INDEX brinidx_multi;
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_multi ON brintest_multi USING brin (
+	int8col int8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	int2col int2_minmax_multi_ops,
+	int4col int4_minmax_multi_ops,
+	oidcol oid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	tidcol tid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	float4col float4_minmax_multi_ops,
+	float8col float8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	macaddrcol macaddr_minmax_multi_ops,
+	macaddr8col macaddr8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	inetcol inet_minmax_multi_ops,
+	cidrcol inet_minmax_multi_ops,
+	datecol date_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timecol time_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timestampcol timestamp_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timestamptzcol timestamptz_minmax_multi_ops,
+	intervalcol interval_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timetzcol timetz_minmax_multi_ops,
+	numericcol numeric_minmax_multi_ops,
+	uuidcol uuid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	lsncol pg_lsn_minmax_multi_ops
+) with (pages_per_range = 1);
+CREATE TABLE brinopers_multi (colname name, typ text,
+	op text[], value text[], matches int[],
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(value)),
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(matches)));
+INSERT INTO brinopers_multi VALUES
+	('int2col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int2col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int2col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=}',
+	 '{0, 0}',
+	 '{100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=}',
+	 '{0, 0}',
+	 '{100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 1257141600, 1428427143, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('oidcol', 'oid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 8800, 9999, 9999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('tidcol', 'tid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{"(0,0)", "(0,0)", "(8800,0)", "(9999,19)", "(9999,19)"}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('float4col', 'float4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.0103093, 0.0103093, 1, 1, 1}',
+	 '{100, 100, 4, 100, 96}'),
+	('float4col', 'float8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.0103093, 0.0103093, 1, 1, 1}',
+	 '{100, 100, 4, 100, 96}'),
+	('float8col', 'float4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 0, 1.98, 1.98}',
+	 '{99, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('float8col', 'float8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 0, 1.98, 1.98}',
+	 '{99, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('macaddrcol', 'macaddr',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00:00:01:00:00:00, 00:00:01:00:00:00, 2c:00:2d:00:16:00, ff:fe:00:00:00:00, ff:fe:00:00:00:00}',
+	 '{99, 100, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('macaddr8col', 'macaddr8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{b1:d1:0e:7b:af:a4:42:12, d9:35:91:bd:f7:86:0e:1e, 72:8f:20:6c:2a:01:bf:57, 23:e8:46:63:86:07:ad:cb, 13:16:8e:6a:2e:6c:84:b4}',
+	 '{33, 15, 1, 13, 6}'),
+	('inetcol', 'inet',
+	 '{=, <, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{10.2.14.231/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0}',
+	 '{1, 100, 100, 125, 125}'),
+	('inetcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{<, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0}',
+	 '{100, 100, 125, 125}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'inet',
+	 '{=, <, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{10.2.14/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0}',
+	 '{2, 100, 100, 125, 125}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{=, <, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{10.2.14/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0}',
+	 '{2, 100, 100, 125, 125}'),
+	('datecol', 'date',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1995-08-15, 1995-08-15, 2009-12-01, 2022-12-30, 2022-12-30}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timecol', 'time',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{01:20:30, 01:20:30, 02:28:57, 06:28:31.5, 06:28:31.5}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestampcol', 'timestamp',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1964-03-24 19:26:45, 1984-01-20 22:42:21, 1984-01-20 22:42:21}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestampcol', 'timestamptz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1964-03-24 19:26:45, 1984-01-20 22:42:21, 1984-01-20 22:42:21}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestamptzcol', 'timestamptz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1972-10-10 03:00:00-04, 1972-10-10 03:00:00-04, 1972-10-19 09:00:00-07, 1972-11-20 19:00:00-03, 1972-11-20 19:00:00-03}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('intervalcol', 'interval',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00:00:00, 00:00:00, 1 mons 13 days 12:24, 2 mons 23 days 07:48:00, 1 year}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timetzcol', 'timetz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{01:30:20+02, 01:30:20+02, 01:35:50+02, 23:55:05+02, 23:55:05+02}',
+	 '{99, 100, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('numericcol', 'numeric',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.00, 0.01, 2268164.347826086956521739130434782609, 99470151.9, 99470151.9}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('uuidcol', 'uuid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00040004-0004-0004-0004-000400040004, 00040004-0004-0004-0004-000400040004, 52225222-5222-5222-5222-522252225222, 99989998-9998-9998-9998-999899989998, 99989998-9998-9998-9998-999899989998}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('lsncol', 'pg_lsn',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <, IS, IS NOT}',
+	 '{0/1200, 0/1200, 44/455222, 198/1999799, 198/1999799, NULL, NULL}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100, 25, 100}');
+DO $x$
+DECLARE
+	r record;
+	r2 record;
+	cond text;
+	idx_ctids tid[];
+	ss_ctids tid[];
+	count int;
+	plan_ok bool;
+	plan_line text;
+BEGIN
+	FOR r IN SELECT colname, oper, typ, value[ordinality], matches[ordinality] FROM brinopers_multi, unnest(op) WITH ORDINALITY AS oper LOOP
+
+		-- prepare the condition
+		IF r.value IS NULL THEN
+			cond := format('%I %s %L', r.colname, r.oper, r.value);
+		ELSE
+			cond := format('%I %s %L::%s', r.colname, r.oper, r.value, r.typ);
+		END IF;
+
+		-- run the query using the brin index
+		SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_multi WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Bitmap Heap Scan on brintest_multi%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get bitmap indexscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_multi WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO idx_ctids;
+
+		-- run the query using a seqscan
+		SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_multi WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Seq Scan on brintest_multi%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get seqscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_multi WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO ss_ctids;
+
+		-- make sure both return the same results
+		count := array_length(idx_ctids, 1);
+
+		IF NOT (count = array_length(ss_ctids, 1) AND
+				idx_ctids @> ss_ctids AND
+				idx_ctids <@ ss_ctids) THEN
+			-- report the results of each scan to make the differences obvious
+			RAISE WARNING 'something not right in %: count %', r, count;
+			SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest_multi WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'seqscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+
+			SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest_multi WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'bitmapscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+		END IF;
+
+		-- make sure we found expected number of matches
+		IF count != r.matches THEN RAISE WARNING 'unexpected number of results % for %', count, r; END IF;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$x$;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+INSERT INTO brintest_multi SELECT
+	142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	unique1::oid,
+	format('(%s,%s)', tenthous, twenty)::tid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	substr(md5(unique1::text), 1, 16)::macaddr8,
+	inet '10.2.3.4' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 5 OFFSET 5;
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_multi', 0);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+VACUUM brintest_multi;  -- force a summarization cycle in brinidx
+-- Try inserting a values with NaN, to test distance calculation.
+insert into public.brintest_multi (float4col) values (real 'nan');
+insert into public.brintest_multi (float8col) values (real 'nan');
+UPDATE brintest_multi SET int8col = int8col * int4col;
+-- Test handling of inet netmasks with inet_minmax_multi_ops
+CREATE TABLE brin_test_inet (a inet);
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_test_inet USING brin (a inet_minmax_multi_ops);
+INSERT INTO brin_test_inet VALUES ('127.0.0.1/0');
+INSERT INTO brin_test_inet VALUES ('0.0.0.0/12');
+DROP TABLE brin_test_inet;
+-- Tests for brin_summarize_new_values
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brintest_multi'); -- error, not an index
+ERROR:  "brintest_multi" is not an index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('tenk1_unique1'); -- error, not a BRIN index
+ERROR:  "tenk1_unique1" is not a BRIN index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brinidx_multi'); -- ok, no change expected
+ brin_summarize_new_values 
+---------------------------
+                         0
+(1 row)
+
+-- Tests for brin_desummarize_range
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_multi', -1); -- error, invalid range
+ERROR:  block number out of range: -1
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_multi', 0);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_multi', 0);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_multi', 100000000);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- test building an index with many values, to force compaction of the buffer
+CREATE TABLE brin_large_range (a int4);
+INSERT INTO brin_large_range SELECT i FROM generate_series(1,10000) s(i);
+CREATE INDEX brin_large_range_idx ON brin_large_range USING brin (a int4_minmax_multi_ops);
+DROP TABLE brin_large_range;
+-- Test brin_summarize_range
+CREATE TABLE brin_summarize_multi (
+    value int
+) WITH (fillfactor=10, autovacuum_enabled=false);
+CREATE INDEX brin_summarize_multi_idx ON brin_summarize_multi USING brin (value) WITH (pages_per_range=2);
+-- Fill a few pages
+DO $$
+DECLARE curtid tid;
+BEGIN
+  LOOP
+    INSERT INTO brin_summarize_multi VALUES (1) RETURNING ctid INTO curtid;
+    EXIT WHEN curtid > tid '(2, 0)';
+  END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', 0);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    0
+(1 row)
+
+-- nothing: already summarized
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', 1);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    0
+(1 row)
+
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', 2);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    1
+(1 row)
+
+-- nothing: page doesn't exist in table
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', 4294967295);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    0
+(1 row)
+
+-- invalid block number values
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', -1);
+ERROR:  block number out of range: -1
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', 4294967296);
+ERROR:  block number out of range: 4294967296
+-- test brin cost estimates behave sanely based on correlation of values
+CREATE TABLE brin_test_multi (a INT, b INT);
+INSERT INTO brin_test_multi SELECT x/100,x%100 FROM generate_series(1,10000) x(x);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_multi_a_idx ON brin_test_multi USING brin (a) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_multi_b_idx ON brin_test_multi USING brin (b) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+VACUUM ANALYZE brin_test_multi;
+-- Ensure brin index is used when columns are perfectly correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test_multi WHERE a = 1;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on brin_test_multi
+   Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on brin_test_multi_a_idx
+         Index Cond: (a = 1)
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Ensure brin index is not used when values are not correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test_multi WHERE b = 1;
+         QUERY PLAN          
+-----------------------------
+ Seq Scan on brin_test_multi
+   Filter: (b = 1)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test overflows during CREATE INDEX with extreme timestamp values
+CREATE TABLE brin_timestamp_test(a TIMESTAMPTZ);
+SET datestyle TO iso;
+-- values close to timetamp minimum
+INSERT INTO brin_timestamp_test
+SELECT '4713-01-01 00:00:01 BC'::timestamptz + (i || ' seconds')::interval
+  FROM generate_series(1,30) s(i);
+-- values close to timetamp maximum
+INSERT INTO brin_timestamp_test
+SELECT '294276-12-01 00:00:01'::timestamptz + (i || ' seconds')::interval
+  FROM generate_series(1,30) s(i);
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_timestamp_test USING brin (a timestamptz_minmax_multi_ops) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
+DROP TABLE brin_timestamp_test;
+-- test overflows during CREATE INDEX with extreme date values
+CREATE TABLE brin_date_test(a DATE);
+-- insert values close to date minimum
+INSERT INTO brin_date_test SELECT '4713-01-01 BC'::date + i FROM generate_series(1, 30) s(i);
+-- insert values close to date minimum
+INSERT INTO brin_date_test SELECT '5874897-12-01'::date + i FROM generate_series(1, 30) s(i);
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_date_test USING brin (a date_minmax_multi_ops) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+-- make sure the ranges were built correctly and 2023-01-01 eliminates all
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_date_test WHERE a = '2023-01-01'::date;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on brin_date_test (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Recheck Cond: (a = '2023-01-01'::date)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on brin_date_test_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Index Cond: (a = '2023-01-01'::date)
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE brin_date_test;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+-- test handling of infinite timestamp values
+CREATE TABLE brin_timestamp_test(a TIMESTAMP);
+INSERT INTO brin_timestamp_test VALUES ('-infinity'), ('infinity');
+INSERT INTO brin_timestamp_test
+SELECT i FROM generate_series('2000-01-01'::timestamp, '2000-02-09'::timestamp, '1 day'::interval) s(i);
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_timestamp_test USING brin (a timestamp_minmax_multi_ops) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_timestamp_test WHERE a = '2023-01-01'::timestamp;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on brin_timestamp_test (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Recheck Cond: (a = '2023-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on brin_timestamp_test_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Index Cond: (a = '2023-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone)
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_timestamp_test WHERE a = '1900-01-01'::timestamp;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on brin_timestamp_test (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Recheck Cond: (a = '1900-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on brin_timestamp_test_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Index Cond: (a = '1900-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone)
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE brin_timestamp_test;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+-- test handling of infinite date values
+CREATE TABLE brin_date_test(a DATE);
+INSERT INTO brin_date_test VALUES ('-infinity'), ('infinity');
+INSERT INTO brin_date_test SELECT '2000-01-01'::date + i FROM generate_series(1, 40) s(i);
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_date_test USING brin (a date_minmax_multi_ops) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_date_test WHERE a = '2023-01-01'::date;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on brin_date_test (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Recheck Cond: (a = '2023-01-01'::date)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on brin_date_test_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Index Cond: (a = '2023-01-01'::date)
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_date_test WHERE a = '1900-01-01'::date;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on brin_date_test (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Recheck Cond: (a = '1900-01-01'::date)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on brin_date_test_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Index Cond: (a = '1900-01-01'::date)
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE brin_date_test;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET datestyle;
+-- test handling of overflow for interval values
+CREATE TABLE brin_interval_test(a INTERVAL);
+INSERT INTO brin_interval_test SELECT (i || ' years')::interval FROM generate_series(-178000000, -177999980) s(i);
+INSERT INTO brin_interval_test SELECT (i || ' years')::interval FROM generate_series( 177999980,  178000000) s(i);
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_interval_test USING brin (a interval_minmax_multi_ops) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_interval_test WHERE a = '-30 years'::interval;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on brin_interval_test (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Recheck Cond: (a = '@ 30 years ago'::interval)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on brin_interval_test_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Index Cond: (a = '@ 30 years ago'::interval)
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_interval_test WHERE a = '30 years'::interval;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on brin_interval_test (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Recheck Cond: (a = '@ 30 years'::interval)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on brin_interval_test_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Index Cond: (a = '@ 30 years'::interval)
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE brin_interval_test;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET datestyle;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/btree_index.out b/src/test/regress/expected/btree_index.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93ed5e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/btree_index.out
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+--
+-- BTREE_INDEX
+--
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+CREATE TABLE bt_i4_heap (
+	seqno 		int4,
+	random 		int4
+);
+CREATE TABLE bt_name_heap (
+	seqno 		name,
+	random 		int4
+);
+CREATE TABLE bt_txt_heap (
+	seqno 		text,
+	random 		int4
+);
+CREATE TABLE bt_f8_heap (
+	seqno 		float8,
+	random 		int4
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/desc.data'
+COPY bt_i4_heap FROM :'filename';
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/hash.data'
+COPY bt_name_heap FROM :'filename';
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/desc.data'
+COPY bt_txt_heap FROM :'filename';
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/hash.data'
+COPY bt_f8_heap FROM :'filename';
+ANALYZE bt_i4_heap;
+ANALYZE bt_name_heap;
+ANALYZE bt_txt_heap;
+ANALYZE bt_f8_heap;
+--
+-- BTREE ascending/descending cases
+--
+-- we load int4/text from pure descending data (each key is a new
+-- low key) and name/f8 from pure ascending data (each key is a new
+-- high key).  we had a bug where new low keys would sometimes be
+-- "lost".
+--
+CREATE INDEX bt_i4_index ON bt_i4_heap USING btree (seqno int4_ops);
+CREATE INDEX bt_name_index ON bt_name_heap USING btree (seqno name_ops);
+CREATE INDEX bt_txt_index ON bt_txt_heap USING btree (seqno text_ops);
+CREATE INDEX bt_f8_index ON bt_f8_heap USING btree (seqno float8_ops);
+--
+-- test retrieval of min/max keys for each index
+--
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_i4_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno < 1;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+     0 | 1935401906
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_i4_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno >= 9999;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+  9999 | 1227676208
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_i4_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno = 4500;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+  4500 | 2080851358
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_name_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno < '1'::name;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+ 0     | 1935401906
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_name_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno >= '9999'::name;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+ 9999  | 1227676208
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_name_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno = '4500'::name;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+ 4500  | 2080851358
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_txt_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno < '1'::text;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+ 0     | 1935401906
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_txt_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno >= '9999'::text;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+ 9999  | 1227676208
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_txt_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno = '4500'::text;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+ 4500  | 2080851358
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_f8_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno < '1'::float8;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+     0 | 1935401906
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_f8_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno >= '9999'::float8;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+  9999 | 1227676208
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_f8_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno = '4500'::float8;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+  4500 | 2080851358
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check correct optimization of LIKE (special index operator support)
+-- for both indexscan and bitmapscan cases
+--
+set enable_seqscan to false;
+set enable_indexscan to true;
+set enable_bitmapscan to false;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index on pg_proc
+   Index Cond: ((proname >= 'RI_FKey'::text) AND (proname < 'RI_FKez'::text))
+   Filter: (proname ~~ 'RI\_FKey%del'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+        proname         
+------------------------
+ RI_FKey_cascade_del
+ RI_FKey_noaction_del
+ RI_FKey_restrict_del
+ RI_FKey_setdefault_del
+ RI_FKey_setnull_del
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index on pg_proc
+   Index Cond: ((proname >= '00'::text) AND (proname < '01'::text))
+   Filter: (proname ~~* '00%foo'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+ proname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike 'ri%foo' order by 1;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index on pg_proc
+   Filter: (proname ~~* 'ri%foo'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+set enable_indexscan to false;
+set enable_bitmapscan to true;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                        
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: proname
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on pg_proc
+         Filter: (proname ~~ 'RI\_FKey%del'::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index
+               Index Cond: ((proname >= 'RI_FKey'::text) AND (proname < 'RI_FKez'::text))
+(6 rows)
+
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+        proname         
+------------------------
+ RI_FKey_cascade_del
+ RI_FKey_noaction_del
+ RI_FKey_restrict_del
+ RI_FKey_setdefault_del
+ RI_FKey_setnull_del
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: proname
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on pg_proc
+         Filter: (proname ~~* '00%foo'::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index
+               Index Cond: ((proname >= '00'::text) AND (proname < '01'::text))
+(6 rows)
+
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+ proname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike 'ri%foo' order by 1;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index on pg_proc
+   Filter: (proname ~~* 'ri%foo'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+-- Also check LIKE optimization with binary-compatible cases
+create temp table btree_bpchar (f1 text collate "C");
+create index on btree_bpchar(f1 bpchar_ops) WITH (deduplicate_items=on);
+insert into btree_bpchar values ('foo'), ('fool'), ('bar'), ('quux');
+-- doesn't match index:
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo';
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on btree_bpchar
+   Filter: (f1 ~~ 'foo'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo';
+ f1  
+-----
+ foo
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo%';
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on btree_bpchar
+   Filter: (f1 ~~ 'foo%'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo%';
+  f1  
+------
+ foo
+ fool
+(2 rows)
+
+-- these do match the index:
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo';
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on btree_bpchar
+   Filter: ((f1)::bpchar ~~ 'foo'::text)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on btree_bpchar_f1_idx
+         Index Cond: ((f1)::bpchar = 'foo'::bpchar)
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo';
+ f1  
+-----
+ foo
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo%';
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                        
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on btree_bpchar
+   Filter: ((f1)::bpchar ~~ 'foo%'::text)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on btree_bpchar_f1_idx
+         Index Cond: (((f1)::bpchar >= 'foo'::bpchar) AND ((f1)::bpchar < 'fop'::bpchar))
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo%';
+  f1  
+------
+ foo
+ fool
+(2 rows)
+
+-- get test coverage for "single value" deduplication strategy:
+insert into btree_bpchar select 'foo' from generate_series(1,1500);
+--
+-- Perform unique checking, with and without the use of deduplication
+--
+CREATE TABLE dedup_unique_test_table (a int) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=false);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX dedup_unique ON dedup_unique_test_table (a) WITH (deduplicate_items=on);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX plain_unique ON dedup_unique_test_table (a) WITH (deduplicate_items=off);
+-- Generate enough garbage tuples in index to ensure that even the unique index
+-- with deduplication enabled has to check multiple leaf pages during unique
+-- checking (at least with a BLCKSZ of 8192 or less)
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+    FOR r IN 1..1350 LOOP
+        DELETE FROM dedup_unique_test_table;
+        INSERT INTO dedup_unique_test_table SELECT 1;
+    END LOOP;
+END$$;
+-- Exercise the LP_DEAD-bit-set tuple deletion code with a posting list tuple.
+-- The implementation prefers deleting existing items to merging any duplicate
+-- tuples into a posting list, so we need an explicit test to make sure we get
+-- coverage (note that this test also assumes BLCKSZ is 8192 or less):
+DROP INDEX plain_unique;
+DELETE FROM dedup_unique_test_table WHERE a = 1;
+INSERT INTO dedup_unique_test_table SELECT i FROM generate_series(0,450) i;
+--
+-- Test B-tree fast path (cache rightmost leaf page) optimization.
+--
+-- First create a tree that's at least three levels deep (i.e. has one level
+-- between the root and leaf levels). The text inserted is long.  It won't be
+-- TOAST compressed because we use plain storage in the table.  Only a few
+-- index tuples fit on each internal page, allowing us to get a tall tree with
+-- few pages.  (A tall tree is required to trigger caching.)
+--
+-- The text column must be the leading column in the index, since suffix
+-- truncation would otherwise truncate tuples on internal pages, leaving us
+-- with a short tree.
+create table btree_tall_tbl(id int4, t text);
+alter table btree_tall_tbl alter COLUMN t set storage plain;
+create index btree_tall_idx on btree_tall_tbl (t, id) with (fillfactor = 10);
+insert into btree_tall_tbl select g, repeat('x', 250)
+from generate_series(1, 130) g;
+--
+-- Test for multilevel page deletion
+--
+CREATE TABLE delete_test_table (a bigint, b bigint, c bigint, d bigint);
+INSERT INTO delete_test_table SELECT i, 1, 2, 3 FROM generate_series(1,80000) i;
+ALTER TABLE delete_test_table ADD PRIMARY KEY (a,b,c,d);
+-- Delete most entries, and vacuum, deleting internal pages and creating "fast
+-- root"
+DELETE FROM delete_test_table WHERE a < 79990;
+VACUUM delete_test_table;
+--
+-- Test B-tree insertion with a metapage update (XLOG_BTREE_INSERT_META
+-- WAL record type). This happens when a "fast root" page is split.  This
+-- also creates coverage for nbtree FSM page recycling.
+--
+-- The vacuum above should've turned the leaf page into a fast root. We just
+-- need to insert some rows to cause the fast root page to split.
+INSERT INTO delete_test_table SELECT i, 1, 2, 3 FROM generate_series(1,1000) i;
+-- Test unsupported btree opclass parameters
+create index on btree_tall_tbl (id int4_ops(foo=1));
+ERROR:  operator class int4_ops has no options
+-- Test case of ALTER INDEX with abuse of column names for indexes.
+-- This grammar is not officially supported, but the parser allows it.
+CREATE INDEX btree_tall_idx2 ON btree_tall_tbl (id);
+ALTER INDEX btree_tall_idx2 ALTER COLUMN id SET (n_distinct=100);
+ERROR:  ALTER action ALTER COLUMN ... SET cannot be performed on relation "btree_tall_idx2"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for indexes.
+DROP INDEX btree_tall_idx2;
+-- Partitioned index
+CREATE TABLE btree_part (id int4) PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+CREATE INDEX btree_part_idx ON btree_part(id);
+ALTER INDEX btree_part_idx ALTER COLUMN id SET (n_distinct=100);
+ERROR:  ALTER action ALTER COLUMN ... SET cannot be performed on relation "btree_part_idx"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for partitioned indexes.
+DROP TABLE btree_part;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/case.out b/src/test/regress/expected/case.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5136c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/case.out
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+--
+-- CASE
+-- Test the case statement
+--
+CREATE TABLE CASE_TBL (
+  i integer,
+  f double precision
+);
+CREATE TABLE CASE2_TBL (
+  i integer,
+  j integer
+);
+INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (1, 10.1);
+INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (2, 20.2);
+INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (3, -30.3);
+INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (4, NULL);
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (1, -1);
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (2, -2);
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (3, -3);
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (2, -4);
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (1, NULL);
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (NULL, -6);
+--
+-- Simplest examples without tables
+--
+SELECT '3' AS "One",
+  CASE
+    WHEN 1 < 2 THEN 3
+  END AS "Simple WHEN";
+ One | Simple WHEN 
+-----+-------------
+ 3   |           3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '<NULL>' AS "One",
+  CASE
+    WHEN 1 > 2 THEN 3
+  END AS "Simple default";
+  One   | Simple default 
+--------+----------------
+ <NULL> |               
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '3' AS "One",
+  CASE
+    WHEN 1 < 2 THEN 3
+    ELSE 4
+  END AS "Simple ELSE";
+ One | Simple ELSE 
+-----+-------------
+ 3   |           3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4' AS "One",
+  CASE
+    WHEN 1 > 2 THEN 3
+    ELSE 4
+  END AS "ELSE default";
+ One | ELSE default 
+-----+--------------
+ 4   |            4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '6' AS "One",
+  CASE
+    WHEN 1 > 2 THEN 3
+    WHEN 4 < 5 THEN 6
+    ELSE 7
+  END AS "Two WHEN with default";
+ One | Two WHEN with default 
+-----+-----------------------
+ 6   |                     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '7' AS "None",
+   CASE WHEN random() < 0 THEN 1
+   END AS "NULL on no matches";
+ None | NULL on no matches 
+------+--------------------
+ 7    |                   
+(1 row)
+
+-- Constant-expression folding shouldn't evaluate unreachable subexpressions
+SELECT CASE WHEN 1=0 THEN 1/0 WHEN 1=1 THEN 1 ELSE 2/0 END;
+ case 
+------
+    1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT CASE 1 WHEN 0 THEN 1/0 WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE 2/0 END;
+ case 
+------
+    1
+(1 row)
+
+-- However we do not currently suppress folding of potentially
+-- reachable subexpressions
+SELECT CASE WHEN i > 100 THEN 1/0 ELSE 0 END FROM case_tbl;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+-- Test for cases involving untyped literals in test expression
+SELECT CASE 'a' WHEN 'a' THEN 1 ELSE 2 END;
+ case 
+------
+    1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Examples of targets involving tables
+--
+SELECT
+  CASE
+    WHEN i >= 3 THEN i
+  END AS ">= 3 or Null"
+  FROM CASE_TBL;
+ >= 3 or Null 
+--------------
+             
+             
+            3
+            4
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT
+  CASE WHEN i >= 3 THEN (i + i)
+       ELSE i
+  END AS "Simplest Math"
+  FROM CASE_TBL;
+ Simplest Math 
+---------------
+             1
+             2
+             6
+             8
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i AS "Value",
+  CASE WHEN (i < 0) THEN 'small'
+       WHEN (i = 0) THEN 'zero'
+       WHEN (i = 1) THEN 'one'
+       WHEN (i = 2) THEN 'two'
+       ELSE 'big'
+  END AS "Category"
+  FROM CASE_TBL;
+ Value | Category 
+-------+----------
+     1 | one
+     2 | two
+     3 | big
+     4 | big
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT
+  CASE WHEN ((i < 0) or (i < 0)) THEN 'small'
+       WHEN ((i = 0) or (i = 0)) THEN 'zero'
+       WHEN ((i = 1) or (i = 1)) THEN 'one'
+       WHEN ((i = 2) or (i = 2)) THEN 'two'
+       ELSE 'big'
+  END AS "Category"
+  FROM CASE_TBL;
+ Category 
+----------
+ one
+ two
+ big
+ big
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Examples of qualifications involving tables
+--
+--
+-- NULLIF() and COALESCE()
+-- Shorthand forms for typical CASE constructs
+--  defined in the SQL standard.
+--
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE COALESCE(f,i) = 4;
+ i | f 
+---+---
+ 4 |  
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE NULLIF(f,i) = 2;
+ i | f 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT COALESCE(a.f, b.i, b.j)
+  FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b;
+ coalesce 
+----------
+     10.1
+     20.2
+    -30.3
+        1
+     10.1
+     20.2
+    -30.3
+        2
+     10.1
+     20.2
+    -30.3
+        3
+     10.1
+     20.2
+    -30.3
+        2
+     10.1
+     20.2
+    -30.3
+        1
+     10.1
+     20.2
+    -30.3
+       -6
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b
+  WHERE COALESCE(a.f, b.i, b.j) = 2;
+ i | f | i | j  
+---+---+---+----
+ 4 |   | 2 | -2
+ 4 |   | 2 | -4
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT NULLIF(a.i,b.i) AS "NULLIF(a.i,b.i)",
+  NULLIF(b.i, 4) AS "NULLIF(b.i,4)"
+  FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b;
+ NULLIF(a.i,b.i) | NULLIF(b.i,4) 
+-----------------+---------------
+                 |             1
+               2 |             1
+               3 |             1
+               4 |             1
+               1 |             2
+                 |             2
+               3 |             2
+               4 |             2
+               1 |             3
+               2 |             3
+                 |             3
+               4 |             3
+               1 |             2
+                 |             2
+               3 |             2
+               4 |             2
+                 |             1
+               2 |             1
+               3 |             1
+               4 |             1
+               1 |              
+               2 |              
+               3 |              
+               4 |              
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b
+  WHERE COALESCE(f,b.i) = 2;
+ i | f | i | j  
+---+---+---+----
+ 4 |   | 2 | -2
+ 4 |   | 2 | -4
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Tests for constant subexpression simplification
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE NULLIF(1, 2) = 2;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE NULLIF(1, 1) IS NOT NULL;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE NULLIF(1, null) = 2;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Examples of updates involving tables
+--
+UPDATE CASE_TBL
+  SET i = CASE WHEN i >= 3 THEN (- i)
+                ELSE (2 * i) END;
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL;
+ i  |   f   
+----+-------
+  2 |  10.1
+  4 |  20.2
+ -3 | -30.3
+ -4 |      
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE CASE_TBL
+  SET i = CASE WHEN i >= 2 THEN (2 * i)
+                ELSE (3 * i) END;
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL;
+  i  |   f   
+-----+-------
+   4 |  10.1
+   8 |  20.2
+  -9 | -30.3
+ -12 |      
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE CASE_TBL
+  SET i = CASE WHEN b.i >= 2 THEN (2 * j)
+                ELSE (3 * j) END
+  FROM CASE2_TBL b
+  WHERE j = -CASE_TBL.i;
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL;
+  i  |   f   
+-----+-------
+   8 |  20.2
+  -9 | -30.3
+ -12 |      
+  -8 |  10.1
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Nested CASE expressions
+--
+-- This test exercises a bug caused by aliasing econtext->caseValue_isNull
+-- with the isNull argument of the inner CASE's CaseExpr evaluation.  After
+-- evaluating the vol(null) expression in the inner CASE's second WHEN-clause,
+-- the isNull flag for the case test value incorrectly became true, causing
+-- the third WHEN-clause not to match.  The volatile function calls are needed
+-- to prevent constant-folding in the planner, which would hide the bug.
+-- Wrap this in a single transaction so the transient '=' operator doesn't
+-- cause problems in concurrent sessions
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION vol(text) returns text as
+  'begin return $1; end' language plpgsql volatile;
+SELECT CASE
+  (CASE vol('bar')
+    WHEN 'foo' THEN 'it was foo!'
+    WHEN vol(null) THEN 'null input'
+    WHEN 'bar' THEN 'it was bar!' END
+  )
+  WHEN 'it was foo!' THEN 'foo recognized'
+  WHEN 'it was bar!' THEN 'bar recognized'
+  ELSE 'unrecognized' END;
+      case      
+----------------
+ bar recognized
+(1 row)
+
+-- In this case, we can't inline the SQL function without confusing things.
+CREATE DOMAIN foodomain AS text;
+CREATE FUNCTION volfoo(text) returns foodomain as
+  'begin return $1::foodomain; end' language plpgsql volatile;
+CREATE FUNCTION inline_eq(foodomain, foodomain) returns boolean as
+  'SELECT CASE $2::text WHEN $1::text THEN true ELSE false END' language sql;
+CREATE OPERATOR = (procedure = inline_eq,
+                   leftarg = foodomain, rightarg = foodomain);
+SELECT CASE volfoo('bar') WHEN 'foo'::foodomain THEN 'is foo' ELSE 'is not foo' END;
+    case    
+------------
+ is not foo
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Test multiple evaluation of a CASE arg that is a read/write object (#14472)
+-- Wrap this in a single transaction so the transient '=' operator doesn't
+-- cause problems in concurrent sessions
+BEGIN;
+CREATE DOMAIN arrdomain AS int[];
+CREATE FUNCTION make_ad(int,int) returns arrdomain as
+  'declare x arrdomain;
+   begin
+     x := array[$1,$2];
+     return x;
+   end' language plpgsql volatile;
+CREATE FUNCTION ad_eq(arrdomain, arrdomain) returns boolean as
+  'begin return array_eq($1, $2); end' language plpgsql;
+CREATE OPERATOR = (procedure = ad_eq,
+                   leftarg = arrdomain, rightarg = arrdomain);
+SELECT CASE make_ad(1,2)
+  WHEN array[2,4]::arrdomain THEN 'wrong'
+  WHEN array[2,5]::arrdomain THEN 'still wrong'
+  WHEN array[1,2]::arrdomain THEN 'right'
+  END;
+ case  
+-------
+ right
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Test interaction of CASE with ArrayCoerceExpr (bug #15471)
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TYPE casetestenum AS ENUM ('e', 'f', 'g');
+SELECT
+  CASE 'foo'::text
+    WHEN 'foo' THEN ARRAY['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] || enum_range(NULL::casetestenum)::text[]
+    ELSE ARRAY['x', 'y']
+    END;
+      array      
+-----------------
+ {a,b,c,d,e,f,g}
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+--
+-- Clean up
+--
+DROP TABLE CASE_TBL;
+DROP TABLE CASE2_TBL;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/char.out b/src/test/regress/expected/char.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea9b0b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/char.out
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+--
+-- CHAR
+--
+-- Per SQL standard, CHAR means character(1), that is a varlena type
+-- with a constraint restricting it to one character (not byte)
+SELECT char 'c' = char 'c' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Build a table for testing
+-- (This temporarily hides the table created in test_setup.sql)
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE CHAR_TBL(f1 char);
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a');
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('A');
+-- any of the following three input formats are acceptable
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1');
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('3');
+-- zero-length char
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('');
+-- try char's of greater than 1 length
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('cd');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character(1)
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('c     ');
+SELECT * FROM CHAR_TBL;
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+  
+ c
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <> 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+  
+ c
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 = 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 < 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+  
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+  
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 > 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ c
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 >= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ c
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE CHAR_TBL;
+--
+-- Now test longer arrays of char
+--
+-- This char_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+--
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcde');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character(4)
+SELECT * FROM CHAR_TBL;
+  f1  
+------
+ a   
+ ab  
+ abcd
+ abcd
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Also test "char", which is an ad-hoc one-byte type.  It can only
+-- really store ASCII characters, but we allow high-bit-set characters
+-- to be accessed via bytea-like escapes.
+--
+SELECT 'a'::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\101'::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ A
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\377'::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ \377
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::"char"::text;
+ text 
+------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\377'::"char"::text;
+ text 
+------
+ \377
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\000'::"char"::text;
+ text 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::text::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\377'::text::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ \377
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ''::text::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/char_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/char_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffd3155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/char_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+--
+-- CHAR
+--
+-- Per SQL standard, CHAR means character(1), that is a varlena type
+-- with a constraint restricting it to one character (not byte)
+SELECT char 'c' = char 'c' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Build a table for testing
+-- (This temporarily hides the table created in test_setup.sql)
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE CHAR_TBL(f1 char);
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a');
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('A');
+-- any of the following three input formats are acceptable
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1');
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('3');
+-- zero-length char
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('');
+-- try char's of greater than 1 length
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('cd');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character(1)
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('c     ');
+SELECT * FROM CHAR_TBL;
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+  
+ c
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <> 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+  
+ c
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 = 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 < 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+  
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+  
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 > 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ c
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 >= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ c
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE CHAR_TBL;
+--
+-- Now test longer arrays of char
+--
+-- This char_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+--
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcde');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character(4)
+SELECT * FROM CHAR_TBL;
+  f1  
+------
+ a   
+ ab  
+ abcd
+ abcd
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Also test "char", which is an ad-hoc one-byte type.  It can only
+-- really store ASCII characters, but we allow high-bit-set characters
+-- to be accessed via bytea-like escapes.
+--
+SELECT 'a'::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\101'::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ A
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\377'::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ \377
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::"char"::text;
+ text 
+------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\377'::"char"::text;
+ text 
+------
+ \377
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\000'::"char"::text;
+ text 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::text::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\377'::text::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ \377
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ''::text::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/char_2.out b/src/test/regress/expected/char_2.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56818f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/char_2.out
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+--
+-- CHAR
+--
+-- Per SQL standard, CHAR means character(1), that is a varlena type
+-- with a constraint restricting it to one character (not byte)
+SELECT char 'c' = char 'c' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Build a table for testing
+-- (This temporarily hides the table created in test_setup.sql)
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE CHAR_TBL(f1 char);
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a');
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('A');
+-- any of the following three input formats are acceptable
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1');
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('3');
+-- zero-length char
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('');
+-- try char's of greater than 1 length
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('cd');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character(1)
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('c     ');
+SELECT * FROM CHAR_TBL;
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+  
+ c
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <> 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+  
+ c
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 = 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 < 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+  
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+  
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 > 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ c
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 >= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ c
+(6 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE CHAR_TBL;
+--
+-- Now test longer arrays of char
+--
+-- This char_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+--
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcde');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character(4)
+SELECT * FROM CHAR_TBL;
+  f1  
+------
+ a   
+ ab  
+ abcd
+ abcd
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Also test "char", which is an ad-hoc one-byte type.  It can only
+-- really store ASCII characters, but we allow high-bit-set characters
+-- to be accessed via bytea-like escapes.
+--
+SELECT 'a'::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\101'::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ A
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\377'::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ \377
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::"char"::text;
+ text 
+------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\377'::"char"::text;
+ text 
+------
+ \377
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\000'::"char"::text;
+ text 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a'::text::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '\377'::text::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ \377
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ''::text::"char";
+ char 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/circle.out b/src/test/regress/expected/circle.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3b0527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/circle.out
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+--
+-- CIRCLE
+--
+-- Back off displayed precision a little bit to reduce platform-to-platform
+-- variation in results.
+SET extra_float_digits = -1;
+CREATE TABLE CIRCLE_TBL (f1 circle);
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(5,1),3>');
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('((1,2),100)');
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES (' 1 , 3 , 5 ');
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES (' ( ( 1 , 2 ) , 3 ) ');
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES (' ( 100 , 200 ) , 10 ');
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES (' < ( 100 , 1 ) , 115 > ');
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(3,5),0>');	-- Zero radius
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(3,5),NaN>');	-- NaN radius
+-- bad values
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(-100,0),-100>');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type circle: "<(-100,0),-100>"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(-100,0),-100>');
+                                       ^
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(100,200),10');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type circle: "<(100,200),10"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(100,200),10');
+                                       ^
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(100,200),10> x');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type circle: "<(100,200),10> x"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(100,200),10> x');
+                                       ^
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('1abc,3,5');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type circle: "1abc,3,5"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('1abc,3,5');
+                                       ^
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('(3,(1,2),3)');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type circle: "(3,(1,2),3)"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('(3,(1,2),3)');
+                                       ^
+SELECT * FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+       f1       
+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT center(f1) AS center
+  FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+  center   
+-----------
+ (5,1)
+ (1,2)
+ (1,3)
+ (1,2)
+ (100,200)
+ (100,1)
+ (3,5)
+ (3,5)
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT radius(f1) AS radius
+  FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+ radius 
+--------
+      3
+    100
+      5
+      3
+     10
+    115
+      0
+    NaN
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT diameter(f1) AS diameter
+  FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+ diameter 
+----------
+        6
+      200
+       10
+        6
+       20
+      230
+        0
+      NaN
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE radius(f1) < 5;
+    f1     
+-----------
+ <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),3>
+ <(3,5),0>
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE diameter(f1) >= 10;
+       f1       
+----------------
+ <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),NaN>
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT c1.f1 AS one, c2.f1 AS two, (c1.f1 <-> c2.f1) AS distance
+  FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2
+  WHERE (c1.f1 < c2.f1) AND ((c1.f1 <-> c2.f1) > 0)
+  ORDER BY distance, area(c1.f1), area(c2.f1);
+      one       |      two       |     distance     
+----------------+----------------+------------------
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),3>      | 0.60555127546399
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(5,1),3>      |  1.4721359549996
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,1),115>  |               74
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),100>    |  111.37072977248
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,200),10> |   205.4767561445
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,200),10> |  207.51303816328
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,200),10> |  207.79348015953
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,200),10> |  208.37072977248
+(8 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/cluster.out b/src/test/regress/expected/cluster.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..542c2e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/cluster.out
@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+--
+--  CLUSTER
+--
+CREATE TABLE clstr_tst_s (rf_a SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+	b INT);
+CREATE TABLE clstr_tst (a SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+	b INT,
+	c TEXT,
+	d TEXT,
+	CONSTRAINT clstr_tst_con FOREIGN KEY (b) REFERENCES clstr_tst_s);
+CREATE INDEX clstr_tst_b ON clstr_tst (b);
+CREATE INDEX clstr_tst_c ON clstr_tst (c);
+CREATE INDEX clstr_tst_c_b ON clstr_tst (c,b);
+CREATE INDEX clstr_tst_b_c ON clstr_tst (b,c);
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) VALUES (0);
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) SELECT b FROM clstr_tst_s;
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) SELECT b FROM clstr_tst_s;
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) SELECT b FROM clstr_tst_s;
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) SELECT b FROM clstr_tst_s;
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) SELECT b FROM clstr_tst_s;
+CREATE TABLE clstr_tst_inh () INHERITS (clstr_tst);
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (11, 'once');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (10, 'diez');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (31, 'treinta y uno');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (22, 'veintidos');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (3, 'tres');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (20, 'veinte');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (23, 'veintitres');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (21, 'veintiuno');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (4, 'cuatro');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (14, 'catorce');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (2, 'dos');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (18, 'dieciocho');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (27, 'veintisiete');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (25, 'veinticinco');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (13, 'trece');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (28, 'veintiocho');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (32, 'treinta y dos');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (5, 'cinco');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (29, 'veintinueve');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (1, 'uno');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (24, 'veinticuatro');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (30, 'treinta');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (12, 'doce');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (17, 'diecisiete');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (9, 'nueve');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (19, 'diecinueve');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (26, 'veintiseis');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (15, 'quince');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (7, 'siete');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (16, 'dieciseis');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (8, 'ocho');
+-- This entry is needed to test that TOASTED values are copied correctly.
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c, d) VALUES (6, 'seis', repeat('xyzzy', 100000));
+CLUSTER clstr_tst_c ON clstr_tst;
+SELECT a,b,c,substring(d for 30), length(d) from clstr_tst;
+ a  | b  |       c       |           substring            | length 
+----+----+---------------+--------------------------------+--------
+ 10 | 14 | catorce       |                                |       
+ 18 |  5 | cinco         |                                |       
+  9 |  4 | cuatro        |                                |       
+ 26 | 19 | diecinueve    |                                |       
+ 12 | 18 | dieciocho     |                                |       
+ 30 | 16 | dieciseis     |                                |       
+ 24 | 17 | diecisiete    |                                |       
+  2 | 10 | diez          |                                |       
+ 23 | 12 | doce          |                                |       
+ 11 |  2 | dos           |                                |       
+ 25 |  9 | nueve         |                                |       
+ 31 |  8 | ocho          |                                |       
+  1 | 11 | once          |                                |       
+ 28 | 15 | quince        |                                |       
+ 32 |  6 | seis          | xyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzy | 500000
+ 29 |  7 | siete         |                                |       
+ 15 | 13 | trece         |                                |       
+ 22 | 30 | treinta       |                                |       
+ 17 | 32 | treinta y dos |                                |       
+  3 | 31 | treinta y uno |                                |       
+  5 |  3 | tres          |                                |       
+ 20 |  1 | uno           |                                |       
+  6 | 20 | veinte        |                                |       
+ 14 | 25 | veinticinco   |                                |       
+ 21 | 24 | veinticuatro  |                                |       
+  4 | 22 | veintidos     |                                |       
+ 19 | 29 | veintinueve   |                                |       
+ 16 | 28 | veintiocho    |                                |       
+ 27 | 26 | veintiseis    |                                |       
+ 13 | 27 | veintisiete   |                                |       
+  7 | 23 | veintitres    |                                |       
+  8 | 21 | veintiuno     |                                |       
+(32 rows)
+
+SELECT a,b,c,substring(d for 30), length(d) from clstr_tst ORDER BY a;
+ a  | b  |       c       |           substring            | length 
+----+----+---------------+--------------------------------+--------
+  1 | 11 | once          |                                |       
+  2 | 10 | diez          |                                |       
+  3 | 31 | treinta y uno |                                |       
+  4 | 22 | veintidos     |                                |       
+  5 |  3 | tres          |                                |       
+  6 | 20 | veinte        |                                |       
+  7 | 23 | veintitres    |                                |       
+  8 | 21 | veintiuno     |                                |       
+  9 |  4 | cuatro        |                                |       
+ 10 | 14 | catorce       |                                |       
+ 11 |  2 | dos           |                                |       
+ 12 | 18 | dieciocho     |                                |       
+ 13 | 27 | veintisiete   |                                |       
+ 14 | 25 | veinticinco   |                                |       
+ 15 | 13 | trece         |                                |       
+ 16 | 28 | veintiocho    |                                |       
+ 17 | 32 | treinta y dos |                                |       
+ 18 |  5 | cinco         |                                |       
+ 19 | 29 | veintinueve   |                                |       
+ 20 |  1 | uno           |                                |       
+ 21 | 24 | veinticuatro  |                                |       
+ 22 | 30 | treinta       |                                |       
+ 23 | 12 | doce          |                                |       
+ 24 | 17 | diecisiete    |                                |       
+ 25 |  9 | nueve         |                                |       
+ 26 | 19 | diecinueve    |                                |       
+ 27 | 26 | veintiseis    |                                |       
+ 28 | 15 | quince        |                                |       
+ 29 |  7 | siete         |                                |       
+ 30 | 16 | dieciseis     |                                |       
+ 31 |  8 | ocho          |                                |       
+ 32 |  6 | seis          | xyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzy | 500000
+(32 rows)
+
+SELECT a,b,c,substring(d for 30), length(d) from clstr_tst ORDER BY b;
+ a  | b  |       c       |           substring            | length 
+----+----+---------------+--------------------------------+--------
+ 20 |  1 | uno           |                                |       
+ 11 |  2 | dos           |                                |       
+  5 |  3 | tres          |                                |       
+  9 |  4 | cuatro        |                                |       
+ 18 |  5 | cinco         |                                |       
+ 32 |  6 | seis          | xyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzy | 500000
+ 29 |  7 | siete         |                                |       
+ 31 |  8 | ocho          |                                |       
+ 25 |  9 | nueve         |                                |       
+  2 | 10 | diez          |                                |       
+  1 | 11 | once          |                                |       
+ 23 | 12 | doce          |                                |       
+ 15 | 13 | trece         |                                |       
+ 10 | 14 | catorce       |                                |       
+ 28 | 15 | quince        |                                |       
+ 30 | 16 | dieciseis     |                                |       
+ 24 | 17 | diecisiete    |                                |       
+ 12 | 18 | dieciocho     |                                |       
+ 26 | 19 | diecinueve    |                                |       
+  6 | 20 | veinte        |                                |       
+  8 | 21 | veintiuno     |                                |       
+  4 | 22 | veintidos     |                                |       
+  7 | 23 | veintitres    |                                |       
+ 21 | 24 | veinticuatro  |                                |       
+ 14 | 25 | veinticinco   |                                |       
+ 27 | 26 | veintiseis    |                                |       
+ 13 | 27 | veintisiete   |                                |       
+ 16 | 28 | veintiocho    |                                |       
+ 19 | 29 | veintinueve   |                                |       
+ 22 | 30 | treinta       |                                |       
+  3 | 31 | treinta y uno |                                |       
+ 17 | 32 | treinta y dos |                                |       
+(32 rows)
+
+SELECT a,b,c,substring(d for 30), length(d) from clstr_tst ORDER BY c;
+ a  | b  |       c       |           substring            | length 
+----+----+---------------+--------------------------------+--------
+ 10 | 14 | catorce       |                                |       
+ 18 |  5 | cinco         |                                |       
+  9 |  4 | cuatro        |                                |       
+ 26 | 19 | diecinueve    |                                |       
+ 12 | 18 | dieciocho     |                                |       
+ 30 | 16 | dieciseis     |                                |       
+ 24 | 17 | diecisiete    |                                |       
+  2 | 10 | diez          |                                |       
+ 23 | 12 | doce          |                                |       
+ 11 |  2 | dos           |                                |       
+ 25 |  9 | nueve         |                                |       
+ 31 |  8 | ocho          |                                |       
+  1 | 11 | once          |                                |       
+ 28 | 15 | quince        |                                |       
+ 32 |  6 | seis          | xyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzy | 500000
+ 29 |  7 | siete         |                                |       
+ 15 | 13 | trece         |                                |       
+ 22 | 30 | treinta       |                                |       
+ 17 | 32 | treinta y dos |                                |       
+  3 | 31 | treinta y uno |                                |       
+  5 |  3 | tres          |                                |       
+ 20 |  1 | uno           |                                |       
+  6 | 20 | veinte        |                                |       
+ 14 | 25 | veinticinco   |                                |       
+ 21 | 24 | veinticuatro  |                                |       
+  4 | 22 | veintidos     |                                |       
+ 19 | 29 | veintinueve   |                                |       
+ 16 | 28 | veintiocho    |                                |       
+ 27 | 26 | veintiseis    |                                |       
+ 13 | 27 | veintisiete   |                                |       
+  7 | 23 | veintitres    |                                |       
+  8 | 21 | veintiuno     |                                |       
+(32 rows)
+
+-- Verify that inheritance link still works
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_inh VALUES (0, 100, 'in child table');
+SELECT a,b,c,substring(d for 30), length(d) from clstr_tst;
+ a  |  b  |       c        |           substring            | length 
+----+-----+----------------+--------------------------------+--------
+ 10 |  14 | catorce        |                                |       
+ 18 |   5 | cinco          |                                |       
+  9 |   4 | cuatro         |                                |       
+ 26 |  19 | diecinueve     |                                |       
+ 12 |  18 | dieciocho      |                                |       
+ 30 |  16 | dieciseis      |                                |       
+ 24 |  17 | diecisiete     |                                |       
+  2 |  10 | diez           |                                |       
+ 23 |  12 | doce           |                                |       
+ 11 |   2 | dos            |                                |       
+ 25 |   9 | nueve          |                                |       
+ 31 |   8 | ocho           |                                |       
+  1 |  11 | once           |                                |       
+ 28 |  15 | quince         |                                |       
+ 32 |   6 | seis           | xyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzy | 500000
+ 29 |   7 | siete          |                                |       
+ 15 |  13 | trece          |                                |       
+ 22 |  30 | treinta        |                                |       
+ 17 |  32 | treinta y dos  |                                |       
+  3 |  31 | treinta y uno  |                                |       
+  5 |   3 | tres           |                                |       
+ 20 |   1 | uno            |                                |       
+  6 |  20 | veinte         |                                |       
+ 14 |  25 | veinticinco    |                                |       
+ 21 |  24 | veinticuatro   |                                |       
+  4 |  22 | veintidos      |                                |       
+ 19 |  29 | veintinueve    |                                |       
+ 16 |  28 | veintiocho     |                                |       
+ 27 |  26 | veintiseis     |                                |       
+ 13 |  27 | veintisiete    |                                |       
+  7 |  23 | veintitres     |                                |       
+  8 |  21 | veintiuno      |                                |       
+  0 | 100 | in child table |                                |       
+(33 rows)
+
+-- Verify that foreign key link still works
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (1111, 'this should fail');
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "clstr_tst" violates foreign key constraint "clstr_tst_con"
+DETAIL:  Key (b)=(1111) is not present in table "clstr_tst_s".
+SELECT conname FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'clstr_tst'::regclass
+ORDER BY 1;
+    conname     
+----------------
+ clstr_tst_con
+ clstr_tst_pkey
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, relkind,
+    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_class WHERE oid = c.reltoastrelid) AS hastoast
+FROM pg_class c WHERE relname LIKE 'clstr_tst%' ORDER BY relname;
+       relname        | relkind | hastoast 
+----------------------+---------+----------
+ clstr_tst            | r       | t
+ clstr_tst_a_seq      | S       | f
+ clstr_tst_b          | i       | f
+ clstr_tst_b_c        | i       | f
+ clstr_tst_c          | i       | f
+ clstr_tst_c_b        | i       | f
+ clstr_tst_inh        | r       | t
+ clstr_tst_pkey       | i       | f
+ clstr_tst_s          | r       | f
+ clstr_tst_s_pkey     | i       | f
+ clstr_tst_s_rf_a_seq | S       | f
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Verify that indisclustered is correctly set
+SELECT pg_class.relname FROM pg_index, pg_class, pg_class AS pg_class_2
+WHERE pg_class.oid=indexrelid
+	AND indrelid=pg_class_2.oid
+	AND pg_class_2.relname = 'clstr_tst'
+	AND indisclustered;
+   relname   
+-------------
+ clstr_tst_c
+(1 row)
+
+-- Try changing indisclustered
+ALTER TABLE clstr_tst CLUSTER ON clstr_tst_b_c;
+SELECT pg_class.relname FROM pg_index, pg_class, pg_class AS pg_class_2
+WHERE pg_class.oid=indexrelid
+	AND indrelid=pg_class_2.oid
+	AND pg_class_2.relname = 'clstr_tst'
+	AND indisclustered;
+    relname    
+---------------
+ clstr_tst_b_c
+(1 row)
+
+-- Try turning off all clustering
+ALTER TABLE clstr_tst SET WITHOUT CLUSTER;
+SELECT pg_class.relname FROM pg_index, pg_class, pg_class AS pg_class_2
+WHERE pg_class.oid=indexrelid
+	AND indrelid=pg_class_2.oid
+	AND pg_class_2.relname = 'clstr_tst'
+	AND indisclustered;
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Verify that toast tables are clusterable
+CLUSTER pg_toast.pg_toast_826 USING pg_toast_826_index;
+-- Verify that clustering all tables does in fact cluster the right ones
+CREATE USER regress_clstr_user;
+CREATE TABLE clstr_1 (a INT PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE clstr_2 (a INT PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE clstr_3 (a INT PRIMARY KEY);
+ALTER TABLE clstr_1 OWNER TO regress_clstr_user;
+ALTER TABLE clstr_3 OWNER TO regress_clstr_user;
+GRANT SELECT ON clstr_2 TO regress_clstr_user;
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO clstr_2 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_2 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO clstr_3 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_3 VALUES (1);
+-- "CLUSTER <tablename>" on a table that hasn't been clustered
+CLUSTER clstr_2;
+ERROR:  there is no previously clustered index for table "clstr_2"
+CLUSTER clstr_1_pkey ON clstr_1;
+CLUSTER clstr_2 USING clstr_2_pkey;
+SELECT * FROM clstr_1 UNION ALL
+  SELECT * FROM clstr_2 UNION ALL
+  SELECT * FROM clstr_3;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 1
+ 2
+ 2
+ 1
+(6 rows)
+
+-- revert to the original state
+DELETE FROM clstr_1;
+DELETE FROM clstr_2;
+DELETE FROM clstr_3;
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO clstr_2 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_2 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO clstr_3 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_3 VALUES (1);
+-- this user can only cluster clstr_1 and clstr_3, but the latter
+-- has not been clustered
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_clstr_user;
+CLUSTER;
+SELECT * FROM clstr_1 UNION ALL
+  SELECT * FROM clstr_2 UNION ALL
+  SELECT * FROM clstr_3;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 2
+ 1
+ 2
+ 1
+(6 rows)
+
+-- cluster a single table using the indisclustered bit previously set
+DELETE FROM clstr_1;
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (1);
+CLUSTER clstr_1;
+SELECT * FROM clstr_1;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test MVCC-safety of cluster. There isn't much we can do to verify the
+-- results with a single backend...
+CREATE TABLE clustertest (key int PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO clustertest VALUES (10);
+INSERT INTO clustertest VALUES (20);
+INSERT INTO clustertest VALUES (30);
+INSERT INTO clustertest VALUES (40);
+INSERT INTO clustertest VALUES (50);
+-- Use a transaction so that updates are not committed when CLUSTER sees 'em
+BEGIN;
+-- Test update where the old row version is found first in the scan
+UPDATE clustertest SET key = 100 WHERE key = 10;
+-- Test update where the new row version is found first in the scan
+UPDATE clustertest SET key = 35 WHERE key = 40;
+-- Test longer update chain
+UPDATE clustertest SET key = 60 WHERE key = 50;
+UPDATE clustertest SET key = 70 WHERE key = 60;
+UPDATE clustertest SET key = 80 WHERE key = 70;
+SELECT * FROM clustertest;
+ key 
+-----
+  20
+  30
+ 100
+  35
+  80
+(5 rows)
+
+CLUSTER clustertest_pkey ON clustertest;
+SELECT * FROM clustertest;
+ key 
+-----
+  20
+  30
+  35
+  80
+ 100
+(5 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM clustertest;
+ key 
+-----
+  20
+  30
+  35
+  80
+ 100
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check that temp tables can be clustered
+create temp table clstr_temp (col1 int primary key, col2 text);
+insert into clstr_temp values (2, 'two'), (1, 'one');
+cluster clstr_temp using clstr_temp_pkey;
+select * from clstr_temp;
+ col1 | col2 
+------+------
+    1 | one
+    2 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table clstr_temp;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+-- check clustering an empty table
+DROP TABLE clustertest;
+CREATE TABLE clustertest (f1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CLUSTER clustertest USING clustertest_pkey;
+CLUSTER clustertest;
+-- Check that partitioned tables can be clustered
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart1 PARTITION OF clstrpart FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart11 PARTITION OF clstrpart1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (5);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart12 PARTITION OF clstrpart1 FOR VALUES FROM (5) TO (10) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart2 PARTITION OF clstrpart FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart3 PARTITION OF clstrpart DEFAULT PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart33 PARTITION OF clstrpart3 DEFAULT;
+CREATE INDEX clstrpart_only_idx ON ONLY clstrpart (a);
+CLUSTER clstrpart USING clstrpart_only_idx; -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot cluster on invalid index "clstrpart_only_idx"
+DROP INDEX clstrpart_only_idx;
+CREATE INDEX clstrpart_idx ON clstrpart (a);
+-- Check that clustering sets new relfilenodes:
+CREATE TEMP TABLE old_cluster_info AS SELECT relname, level, relfilenode, relkind FROM pg_partition_tree('clstrpart'::regclass) AS tree JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid=tree.relid ;
+CLUSTER clstrpart USING clstrpart_idx;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE new_cluster_info AS SELECT relname, level, relfilenode, relkind FROM pg_partition_tree('clstrpart'::regclass) AS tree JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid=tree.relid ;
+SELECT relname, old.level, old.relkind, old.relfilenode = new.relfilenode FROM old_cluster_info AS old JOIN new_cluster_info AS new USING (relname) ORDER BY relname COLLATE "C";
+   relname   | level | relkind | ?column? 
+-------------+-------+---------+----------
+ clstrpart   |     0 | p       | t
+ clstrpart1  |     1 | p       | t
+ clstrpart11 |     2 | r       | f
+ clstrpart12 |     2 | p       | t
+ clstrpart2  |     1 | r       | f
+ clstrpart3  |     1 | p       | t
+ clstrpart33 |     2 | r       | f
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Partitioned indexes aren't and can't be marked un/clustered:
+\d clstrpart
+       Partitioned table "public.clstrpart"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition key: RANGE (a)
+Indexes:
+    "clstrpart_idx" btree (a)
+Number of partitions: 3 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+CLUSTER clstrpart;
+ERROR:  there is no previously clustered index for table "clstrpart"
+ALTER TABLE clstrpart SET WITHOUT CLUSTER;
+ERROR:  cannot mark index clustered in partitioned table
+ALTER TABLE clstrpart CLUSTER ON clstrpart_idx;
+ERROR:  cannot mark index clustered in partitioned table
+DROP TABLE clstrpart;
+-- Ownership of partitions is checked
+CREATE TABLE ptnowner(i int unique) PARTITION BY LIST (i);
+CREATE INDEX ptnowner_i_idx ON ptnowner(i);
+CREATE TABLE ptnowner1 PARTITION OF ptnowner FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE ROLE regress_ptnowner;
+CREATE TABLE ptnowner2 PARTITION OF ptnowner FOR VALUES IN (2);
+ALTER TABLE ptnowner1 OWNER TO regress_ptnowner;
+ALTER TABLE ptnowner OWNER TO regress_ptnowner;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE ptnowner_oldnodes AS
+  SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode FROM pg_partition_tree('ptnowner') AS tree
+  JOIN pg_class AS c ON c.oid=tree.relid;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_ptnowner;
+CLUSTER ptnowner USING ptnowner_i_idx;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT a.relname, a.relfilenode=b.relfilenode FROM pg_class a
+  JOIN ptnowner_oldnodes b USING (oid) ORDER BY a.relname COLLATE "C";
+  relname  | ?column? 
+-----------+----------
+ ptnowner  | t
+ ptnowner1 | f
+ ptnowner2 | t
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE ptnowner;
+DROP ROLE regress_ptnowner;
+-- Test CLUSTER with external tuplesorting
+create table clstr_4 as select * from tenk1;
+create index cluster_sort on clstr_4 (hundred, thousand, tenthous);
+-- ensure we don't use the index in CLUSTER nor the checking SELECTs
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+-- Use external sort:
+set maintenance_work_mem = '1MB';
+cluster clstr_4 using cluster_sort;
+select * from
+(select hundred, lag(hundred) over () as lhundred,
+        thousand, lag(thousand) over () as lthousand,
+        tenthous, lag(tenthous) over () as ltenthous from clstr_4) ss
+where row(hundred, thousand, tenthous) <= row(lhundred, lthousand, ltenthous);
+ hundred | lhundred | thousand | lthousand | tenthous | ltenthous 
+---------+----------+----------+-----------+----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset maintenance_work_mem;
+-- test CLUSTER on expression index
+CREATE TABLE clstr_expression(id serial primary key, a int, b text COLLATE "C");
+INSERT INTO clstr_expression(a, b) SELECT g.i % 42, 'prefix'||g.i FROM generate_series(1, 133) g(i);
+CREATE INDEX clstr_expression_minus_a ON clstr_expression ((-a), b);
+CREATE INDEX clstr_expression_upper_b ON clstr_expression ((upper(b)));
+-- verify indexes work before cluster
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using clstr_expression_upper_b on clstr_expression
+   Index Cond: (upper(b) = 'PREFIX3'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+ id | a |    b    
+----+---+---------
+  3 | 3 | prefix3
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using clstr_expression_minus_a on clstr_expression
+   Index Cond: ((- a) = '-3'::integer)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+ id  | a |     b     
+-----+---+-----------
+ 129 | 3 | prefix129
+   3 | 3 | prefix3
+  45 | 3 | prefix45
+  87 | 3 | prefix87
+(4 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- and after clustering on clstr_expression_minus_a
+CLUSTER clstr_expression USING clstr_expression_minus_a;
+WITH rows AS
+  (SELECT ctid, lag(a) OVER (ORDER BY ctid) AS la, a FROM clstr_expression)
+SELECT * FROM rows WHERE la < a;
+ ctid | la | a 
+------+----+---
+(0 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using clstr_expression_upper_b on clstr_expression
+   Index Cond: (upper(b) = 'PREFIX3'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+ id | a |    b    
+----+---+---------
+  3 | 3 | prefix3
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using clstr_expression_minus_a on clstr_expression
+   Index Cond: ((- a) = '-3'::integer)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+ id  | a |     b     
+-----+---+-----------
+ 129 | 3 | prefix129
+   3 | 3 | prefix3
+  45 | 3 | prefix45
+  87 | 3 | prefix87
+(4 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- and after clustering on clstr_expression_upper_b
+CLUSTER clstr_expression USING clstr_expression_upper_b;
+WITH rows AS
+  (SELECT ctid, lag(b) OVER (ORDER BY ctid) AS lb, b FROM clstr_expression)
+SELECT * FROM rows WHERE upper(lb) > upper(b);
+ ctid | lb | b 
+------+----+---
+(0 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using clstr_expression_upper_b on clstr_expression
+   Index Cond: (upper(b) = 'PREFIX3'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+ id | a |    b    
+----+---+---------
+  3 | 3 | prefix3
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using clstr_expression_minus_a on clstr_expression
+   Index Cond: ((- a) = '-3'::integer)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+ id  | a |     b     
+-----+---+-----------
+ 129 | 3 | prefix129
+   3 | 3 | prefix3
+  45 | 3 | prefix45
+  87 | 3 | prefix87
+(4 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- clean up
+DROP TABLE clustertest;
+DROP TABLE clstr_1;
+DROP TABLE clstr_2;
+DROP TABLE clstr_3;
+DROP TABLE clstr_4;
+DROP TABLE clstr_expression;
+DROP USER regress_clstr_user;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/collate.icu.utf8.out b/src/test/regress/expected/collate.icu.utf8.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4c8c6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/collate.icu.utf8.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1961 @@
+/*
+ * This test is for ICU collations.
+ */
+/* skip test if not UTF8 server encoding or no ICU collations installed */
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() <> 'UTF8' OR
+       (SELECT count(*) FROM pg_collation WHERE collprovider = 'i') = 0
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+SET client_encoding TO UTF8;
+CREATE SCHEMA collate_tests;
+SET search_path = collate_tests;
+CREATE TABLE collate_test1 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "en-x-icu" NOT NULL
+);
+\d collate_test1
+        Table "collate_tests.collate_test1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    | en-x-icu  | not null | 
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "ja_JP.eucjp-x-icu"
+);
+ERROR:  collation "ja_JP.eucjp-x-icu" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
+LINE 3:     b text COLLATE "ja_JP.eucjp-x-icu"
+                   ^
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "foo-x-icu"
+);
+ERROR:  collation "foo-x-icu" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
+LINE 3:     b text COLLATE "foo-x-icu"
+                   ^
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int COLLATE "en-x-icu",
+    b text
+);
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+LINE 2:     a int COLLATE "en-x-icu",
+                  ^
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_like (
+    LIKE collate_test1
+);
+\d collate_test_like
+      Table "collate_tests.collate_test_like"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    | en-x-icu  | not null | 
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test2 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "sv-x-icu"
+);
+CREATE TABLE collate_test3 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "C"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test1 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'äbc'), (3, 'bbc'), (4, 'ABC');
+INSERT INTO collate_test2 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+INSERT INTO collate_test3 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 3 | bbc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test2 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 WHERE b >= 'BBC';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'bbc' COLLATE "C";
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "C";
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "en-x-icu";
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between explicit collations "C" and "en-x-icu"
+LINE 1: ...* FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "e...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_sv AS text COLLATE "sv-x-icu";
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_i AS int COLLATE "sv-x-icu"; -- fails
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+CREATE TABLE collate_test4 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_sv
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test4 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test4 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test5 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_sv COLLATE "en-x-icu"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test5 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test5 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- star expansion
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- constant expression folding
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "en-x-icu" > 'äbc' COLLATE "en-x-icu" AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "sv-x-icu" > 'äbc' COLLATE "sv-x-icu" AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- upper/lower
+CREATE TABLE collate_test10 (
+    a int,
+    x text COLLATE "en-x-icu",
+    y text COLLATE "tr-x-icu"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test10 VALUES (1, 'hij', 'hij'), (2, 'HIJ', 'HIJ');
+SELECT a, lower(x), lower(y), upper(x), upper(y), initcap(x), initcap(y) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower | upper | upper | initcap | initcap 
+---+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------
+ 1 | hij   | hij   | HIJ   | HİJ   | Hij     | Hij
+ 2 | hij   | hıj   | HIJ   | HIJ   | Hij     | Hıj
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(x COLLATE "C"), lower(y COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hij
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, x, y FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY lower(y), a;
+ a |  x  |  y  
+---+-----+-----
+ 2 | HIJ | HIJ
+ 1 | hij | hij
+(2 rows)
+
+-- LIKE/ILIKE
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE 'abc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE 'abc%';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE '%bc%';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE 'abc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE 'abc%';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE '%bc%';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 4 | ABC
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "en-x-icu" ILIKE '%KI%' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" ILIKE '%KI%' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ILIKE 'BIT' COLLATE "en-x-icu" AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ILIKE 'BIT' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- The following actually exercises the selectivity estimation for ILIKE.
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname ILIKE 'abc%';
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- regular expressions
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ '^abc$';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ '^abc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ 'bc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* '^abc$';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* '^abc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* 'bc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 4 | ABC
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test6 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "en-x-icu"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test6 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'ABC'), (3, '123'), (4, 'ab1'),
+                                 (5, 'a1!'), (6, 'a c'), (7, '!.;'), (8, '   '),
+                                 (9, 'äbç'), (10, 'ÄBÇ');
+SELECT b,
+       b ~ '^[[:alpha:]]+$' AS is_alpha,
+       b ~ '^[[:upper:]]+$' AS is_upper,
+       b ~ '^[[:lower:]]+$' AS is_lower,
+       b ~ '^[[:digit:]]+$' AS is_digit,
+       b ~ '^[[:alnum:]]+$' AS is_alnum,
+       b ~ '^[[:graph:]]+$' AS is_graph,
+       b ~ '^[[:print:]]+$' AS is_print,
+       b ~ '^[[:punct:]]+$' AS is_punct,
+       b ~ '^[[:space:]]+$' AS is_space
+FROM collate_test6;
+  b  | is_alpha | is_upper | is_lower | is_digit | is_alnum | is_graph | is_print | is_punct | is_space 
+-----+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------
+ abc | t        | f        | t        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ ABC | t        | t        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ 123 | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ ab1 | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ a1! | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ a c | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | f        | f
+ !.; | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f
+     | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | f        | t
+ äbç | t        | f        | t        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ ÄBÇ | t        | t        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "en-x-icu" ~* 'KI' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" ~* 'KI' AS "true";  -- true with ICU
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ~* 'BIT' COLLATE "en-x-icu" AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ~* 'BIT' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" AS "false";  -- false with ICU
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- The following actually exercises the selectivity estimation for ~*.
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~* '^abc';
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+/* not run by default because it requires tr_TR system locale
+-- to_char
+
+SET lc_time TO 'tr_TR';
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-04-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY');
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-04-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY' COLLATE "tr-x-icu");
+*/
+-- backwards parsing
+CREATE VIEW collview1 AS SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
+CREATE VIEW collview2 AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+CREATE VIEW collview3 AS SELECT a, lower((x || x) COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
+SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
+  WHERE table_name LIKE 'collview%' ORDER BY 1;
+ table_name |                             view_definition                              
+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ collview1  |  SELECT collate_test1.a,                                                +
+            |     collate_test1.b                                                     +
+            |    FROM collate_test1                                                   +
+            |   WHERE ((collate_test1.b COLLATE "C") >= 'bbc'::text);
+ collview2  |  SELECT collate_test1.a,                                                +
+            |     collate_test1.b                                                     +
+            |    FROM collate_test1                                                   +
+            |   ORDER BY (collate_test1.b COLLATE "C");
+ collview3  |  SELECT collate_test10.a,                                               +
+            |     lower(((collate_test10.x || collate_test10.x) COLLATE "C")) AS lower+
+            |    FROM collate_test10;
+(3 rows)
+
+-- collation propagation in various expression types
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | coalesce 
+---+----------
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | coalesce 
+---+----------
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | coalesce 
+---+----------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(coalesce(x, 'foo')), lower(coalesce(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hıj
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 3;
+ a |  b  | greatest 
+---+-----+----------
+ 1 | abc | CCC
+ 2 | äbc | CCC
+ 3 | bbc | CCC
+ 4 | ABC | CCC
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 3;
+ a |  b  | greatest 
+---+-----+----------
+ 1 | abc | CCC
+ 3 | bbc | CCC
+ 4 | ABC | CCC
+ 2 | äbc | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 3;
+ a |  b  | greatest 
+---+-----+----------
+ 4 | ABC | CCC
+ 1 | abc | abc
+ 3 | bbc | bbc
+ 2 | äbc | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, x, y, lower(greatest(x, 'foo')), lower(greatest(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+ a |  x  |  y  | lower | lower 
+---+-----+-----+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij | hij | hij   | hij
+ 2 | HIJ | HIJ | hij   | hıj
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | nullif 
+---+--------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 1 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | nullif 
+---+--------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 1 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | nullif 
+---+--------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 1 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(nullif(x, 'foo')), lower(nullif(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hıj
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b   
+---+------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 1 | abcd
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b   
+---+------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abcd
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b   
+---+------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abcd
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain AS text;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b::testdomain_sv FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(x::testdomain), lower(y::testdomain) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hıj
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test1;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+ abc | bbc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test2;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+ abc | äbc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test3;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+ ABC | äbc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1;
+     array_agg     
+-------------------
+ {abc,ABC,äbc,bbc}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2;
+     array_agg     
+-------------------
+ {abc,ABC,bbc,äbc}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test3;
+     array_agg     
+-------------------
+ {ABC,abc,bbc,äbc}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a < 4 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a > 1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a < 2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 4 | ABC
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en-x-icu" and "C"
+LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collat...
+                                                       ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+SELECT a, b COLLATE "C" FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en-x-icu" and "C"
+LINE 1: ...ELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM col...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en-x-icu" and "C"
+LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM colla...
+                                                        ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+CREATE TABLE test_u AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3; -- fail
+ERROR:  no collation was derived for column "b" with collatable type text
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+-- ideally this would be a parse-time error, but for now it must be run-time:
+select x < y from collate_test10; -- fail
+ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+select x || y from collate_test10; -- ok, because || is not collation aware
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ hijhij
+ HIJHIJ
+(2 rows)
+
+select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y; -- not so ok
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en-x-icu" and "tr-x-icu"
+LINE 1: select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y;
+                                                      ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+-- collation mismatch between recursive and non-recursive term
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(x) AS
+   (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "en-x-icu"),('b')) t(x)
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT (x || 'c') COLLATE "de-x-icu" FROM foo WHERE length(x) < 10)
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  recursive query "foo" column 1 has collation "en-x-icu" in non-recursive term but collation "de-x-icu" overall
+LINE 2:    (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "en-x-icu"),('b')) t(x...
+                   ^
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation of the non-recursive term.
+-- casting
+SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "COLLATE"
+LINE 1: SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
+                                 ^
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- propagation of collation in SQL functions (inlined and non-inlined cases)
+-- and plpgsql functions too
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE sql
+    AS $$ select $1 < $2 $$;
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt_noninline (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE sql
+    AS $$ select $1 < $2 limit 1 $$;
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt_plpgsql (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql
+    AS $$ begin return $1 < $2; end $$;
+SELECT a.b AS a, b.b AS b, a.b < b.b AS lt,
+       mylt(a.b, b.b), mylt_noninline(a.b, b.b), mylt_plpgsql(a.b, b.b)
+FROM collate_test1 a, collate_test1 b
+ORDER BY a.b, b.b;
+  a  |  b  | lt | mylt | mylt_noninline | mylt_plpgsql 
+-----+-----+----+------+----------------+--------------
+ abc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ abc | ABC | t  | t    | t              | t
+ abc | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ abc | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ ABC | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ ABC | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ ABC | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ ABC | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ äbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | äbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ bbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | äbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | bbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT a.b AS a, b.b AS b, a.b < b.b COLLATE "C" AS lt,
+       mylt(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C"), mylt_noninline(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C"),
+       mylt_plpgsql(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C")
+FROM collate_test1 a, collate_test1 b
+ORDER BY a.b, b.b;
+  a  |  b  | lt | mylt | mylt_noninline | mylt_plpgsql 
+-----+-----+----+------+----------------+--------------
+ abc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ abc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ abc | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ abc | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ ABC | abc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ ABC | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ ABC | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ ABC | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ äbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | äbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | bbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ bbc | bbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+(16 rows)
+
+-- collation override in plpgsql
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt2 (x text, y text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+  xx text := x;
+  yy text := y;
+begin
+  return xx < yy;
+end
+$$;
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "en-x-icu") as t, mylt2('a', 'B' collate "C") as f;
+ t | f 
+---+---
+ t | f
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
+  mylt2 (x text, y text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+  xx text COLLATE "POSIX" := x;
+  yy text := y;
+begin
+  return xx < yy;
+end
+$$;
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B') as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "C") as fail; -- conflicting collations
+ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function mylt2(text,text) line 6 at RETURN
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "POSIX") as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- polymorphism
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1)) ORDER BY 1;
+ unnest 
+--------
+ abc
+ ABC
+ äbc
+ bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2)) ORDER BY 1;
+ unnest 
+--------
+ abc
+ ABC
+ bbc
+ äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test3)) ORDER BY 1;
+ unnest 
+--------
+ ABC
+ abc
+ bbc
+ äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (anyelement) RETURNS anyelement
+    AS 'select $1' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | dup 
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | dup 
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | dup 
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- indexes
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_test1 (b);
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_test1 (b COLLATE "C");
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_test1 ((b COLLATE "C")); -- this is different grammatically
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_test1 (((b||'foo') COLLATE "POSIX"));
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx5 ON collate_test1 (a COLLATE "C"); -- fail
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "C")); -- fail
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+LINE 1: ...ATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "C...
+                                                             ^
+SELECT relname, pg_get_indexdef(oid) FROM pg_class WHERE relname LIKE 'collate_test%_idx%' ORDER BY 1;
+      relname       |                                                  pg_get_indexdef                                                  
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ collate_test1_idx1 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b)
+ collate_test1_idx2 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "C")
+ collate_test1_idx3 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "C")
+ collate_test1_idx4 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (((b || 'foo'::text)) COLLATE "POSIX")
+(4 rows)
+
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from collate_test1 where b ilike 'abc';
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on collate_test1
+   Filter: (b ~~* 'abc'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from collate_test1 where b ilike 'abc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from collate_test1 where b ilike 'ABC';
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on collate_test1
+   Filter: (b ~~* 'ABC'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from collate_test1 where b ilike 'ABC';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+-- schema manipulation commands
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SCHEMA test_schema;
+-- We need to do this this way to cope with varying names for encodings:
+do $$
+BEGIN
+  EXECUTE 'CREATE COLLATION test0 (provider = icu, locale = ' ||
+          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_collate')) || ');';
+END
+$$;
+CREATE COLLATION test0 FROM "C"; -- fail, duplicate name
+ERROR:  collation "test0" already exists
+do $$
+BEGIN
+  EXECUTE 'CREATE COLLATION test1 (provider = icu, locale = ' ||
+          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_collate')) || ');';
+END
+$$;
+CREATE COLLATION test3 (provider = icu, lc_collate = 'en_US.utf8'); -- fail, needs "locale"
+ERROR:  parameter "locale" must be specified
+CREATE COLLATION testx (provider = icu, locale = 'nonsense'); /* never fails with ICU */  DROP COLLATION testx;
+CREATE COLLATION test4 FROM nonsense;
+ERROR:  collation "nonsense" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
+CREATE COLLATION test5 FROM test0;
+SELECT collname FROM pg_collation WHERE collname LIKE 'test%' ORDER BY 1;
+ collname 
+----------
+ test0
+ test1
+ test5
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test11;
+ALTER COLLATION test0 RENAME TO test11; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation "test11" already exists in schema "collate_tests"
+ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test22; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation "test1" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
+ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO nonsense;
+ERROR:  role "nonsense" does not exist
+ALTER COLLATION test11 SET SCHEMA test_schema;
+COMMENT ON COLLATION test0 IS 'US English';
+SELECT collname, nspname, obj_description(pg_collation.oid, 'pg_collation')
+    FROM pg_collation JOIN pg_namespace ON (collnamespace = pg_namespace.oid)
+    WHERE collname LIKE 'test%'
+    ORDER BY 1;
+ collname |    nspname    | obj_description 
+----------+---------------+-----------------
+ test0    | collate_tests | US English
+ test11   | test_schema   | 
+ test5    | collate_tests | 
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP COLLATION test0, test_schema.test11, test5;
+DROP COLLATION test0; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation "test0" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
+DROP COLLATION IF EXISTS test0;
+NOTICE:  collation "test0" does not exist, skipping
+SELECT collname FROM pg_collation WHERE collname LIKE 'test%';
+ collname 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP SCHEMA test_schema;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role;
+-- ALTER
+ALTER COLLATION "en-x-icu" REFRESH VERSION;
+NOTICE:  version has not changed
+-- also test for database while we are here
+SELECT current_database() AS datname \gset
+ALTER DATABASE :"datname" REFRESH COLLATION VERSION;
+NOTICE:  version has not changed
+-- dependencies
+CREATE COLLATION test0 FROM "C";
+CREATE TABLE collate_dep_test1 (a int, b text COLLATE test0);
+CREATE DOMAIN collate_dep_dom1 AS text COLLATE test0;
+CREATE TYPE collate_dep_test2 AS (x int, y text COLLATE test0);
+CREATE VIEW collate_dep_test3 AS SELECT text 'foo' COLLATE test0 AS foo;
+CREATE TABLE collate_dep_test4t (a int, b text);
+CREATE INDEX collate_dep_test4i ON collate_dep_test4t (b COLLATE test0);
+DROP COLLATION test0 RESTRICT; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop collation test0 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  column b of table collate_dep_test1 depends on collation test0
+type collate_dep_dom1 depends on collation test0
+column y of composite type collate_dep_test2 depends on collation test0
+view collate_dep_test3 depends on collation test0
+index collate_dep_test4i depends on collation test0
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP COLLATION test0 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 5 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to column b of table collate_dep_test1
+drop cascades to type collate_dep_dom1
+drop cascades to column y of composite type collate_dep_test2
+drop cascades to view collate_dep_test3
+drop cascades to index collate_dep_test4i
+\d collate_dep_test1
+      Table "collate_tests.collate_dep_test1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+
+\d collate_dep_test2
+ Composite type "collate_tests.collate_dep_test2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ x      | integer |           |          | 
+
+DROP TABLE collate_dep_test1, collate_dep_test4t;
+DROP TYPE collate_dep_test2;
+-- test range types and collations
+create type textrange_c as range(subtype=text, collation="C");
+create type textrange_en_us as range(subtype=text, collation="en-x-icu");
+select textrange_c('A','Z') @> 'b'::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select textrange_en_us('A','Z') @> 'b'::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+drop type textrange_c;
+drop type textrange_en_us;
+-- test ICU collation customization
+-- test the attributes handled by icu_set_collation_attributes()
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_ignore_accents (provider = icu, locale = '@colStrength=primary;colCaseLevel=yes');
+SELECT 'aaá' > 'AAA' COLLATE "und-x-icu", 'aaá' < 'AAA' COLLATE testcoll_ignore_accents;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+ t        | t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_backwards (provider = icu, locale = '@colBackwards=yes');
+SELECT 'coté' < 'côte' COLLATE "und-x-icu", 'coté' > 'côte' COLLATE testcoll_backwards;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+ t        | t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_lower_first (provider = icu, locale = '@colCaseFirst=lower');
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_upper_first (provider = icu, locale = '@colCaseFirst=upper');
+SELECT 'aaa' < 'AAA' COLLATE testcoll_lower_first, 'aaa' > 'AAA' COLLATE testcoll_upper_first;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+ t        | t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_shifted (provider = icu, locale = '@colAlternate=shifted');
+SELECT 'de-luge' < 'deanza' COLLATE "und-x-icu", 'de-luge' > 'deanza' COLLATE testcoll_shifted;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+ t        | t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_numeric (provider = icu, locale = '@colNumeric=yes');
+SELECT 'A-21' > 'A-123' COLLATE "und-x-icu", 'A-21' < 'A-123' COLLATE testcoll_numeric;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+ t        | t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_error1 (provider = icu, locale = '@colNumeric=lower');
+ERROR:  could not open collator for locale "@colNumeric=lower": U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR
+-- test that attributes not handled by icu_set_collation_attributes()
+-- (handled by ucol_open() directly) also work
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_de_phonebook (provider = icu, locale = 'de@collation=phonebook');
+SELECT 'Goldmann' < 'Götz' COLLATE "de-x-icu", 'Goldmann' > 'Götz' COLLATE testcoll_de_phonebook;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+ t        | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- nondeterministic collations
+CREATE COLLATION ctest_det (provider = icu, locale = '', deterministic = true);
+CREATE COLLATION ctest_nondet (provider = icu, locale = '', deterministic = false);
+CREATE TABLE test6 (a int, b text);
+-- same string in different normal forms
+INSERT INTO test6 VALUES (1, U&'\00E4bc');
+INSERT INTO test6 VALUES (2, U&'\0061\0308bc');
+SELECT * FROM test6;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | äbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM test6 WHERE b = 'äbc' COLLATE ctest_det;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | äbc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM test6 WHERE b = 'äbc' COLLATE ctest_nondet;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | äbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(2 rows)
+
+-- same with arrays
+CREATE TABLE test6a (a int, b text[]);
+INSERT INTO test6a VALUES (1, ARRAY[U&'\00E4bc']);
+INSERT INTO test6a VALUES (2, ARRAY[U&'\0061\0308bc']);
+SELECT * FROM test6a;
+ a |   b   
+---+-------
+ 1 | {äbc}
+ 2 | {äbc}
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM test6a WHERE b = ARRAY['äbc'] COLLATE ctest_det;
+ a |   b   
+---+-------
+ 1 | {äbc}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM test6a WHERE b = ARRAY['äbc'] COLLATE ctest_nondet;
+ a |   b   
+---+-------
+ 1 | {äbc}
+ 2 | {äbc}
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE COLLATION case_sensitive (provider = icu, locale = '');
+CREATE COLLATION case_insensitive (provider = icu, locale = '@colStrength=secondary', deterministic = false);
+SELECT 'abc' <= 'ABC' COLLATE case_sensitive, 'abc' >= 'ABC' COLLATE case_sensitive;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+ t        | f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'abc' <= 'ABC' COLLATE case_insensitive, 'abc' >= 'ABC' COLLATE case_insensitive;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+ t        | t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE test1cs (x text COLLATE case_sensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test2cs (x text COLLATE case_sensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test3cs (x text COLLATE case_sensitive);
+INSERT INTO test1cs VALUES ('abc'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test2cs VALUES ('ABC'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test3cs VALUES ('abc'), ('ABC'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x = 'abc';
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x <> 'abc';
+  x  
+-----
+ ABC
+ def
+ ghi
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x LIKE 'a%';
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x ILIKE 'a%';
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x SIMILAR TO 'a%';
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x ~ 'a';
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT x FROM test1cs UNION SELECT x FROM test2cs ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ ABC
+ def
+ ghi
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test2cs UNION SELECT x FROM test1cs ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ ABC
+ def
+ ghi
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test1cs INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test2cs;
+  x  
+-----
+ ghi
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT x FROM test2cs INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test1cs;
+  x  
+-----
+ ghi
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT x FROM test1cs EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test2cs;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ def
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test2cs EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test1cs;
+  x  
+-----
+ ABC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT x FROM test3cs ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ ABC
+ def
+ ghi
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT count(DISTINCT x) FROM test3cs;
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT x, count(*) FROM test3cs GROUP BY x ORDER BY x;
+  x  | count 
+-----+-------
+ abc |     1
+ ABC |     1
+ def |     1
+ ghi |     1
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT x, row_number() OVER (ORDER BY x), rank() OVER (ORDER BY x) FROM test3cs ORDER BY x;
+  x  | row_number | rank 
+-----+------------+------
+ abc |          1 |    1
+ ABC |          2 |    2
+ def |          3 |    3
+ ghi |          4 |    4
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test1cs (x);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test1cs VALUES ('ABC');  -- ok
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test3cs (x);  -- ok
+SELECT string_to_array('ABC,DEF,GHI' COLLATE case_sensitive, ',', 'abc');
+ string_to_array 
+-----------------
+ {ABC,DEF,GHI}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT string_to_array('ABCDEFGHI' COLLATE case_sensitive, NULL, 'b');
+   string_to_array   
+---------------------
+ {A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I}
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE test1ci (x text COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test2ci (x text COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test3ci (x text COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE INDEX ON test3ci (x text_pattern_ops);  -- error
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for operator class "text_pattern_ops"
+INSERT INTO test1ci VALUES ('abc'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test2ci VALUES ('ABC'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test3ci VALUES ('abc'), ('ABC'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x = 'abc';
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x <> 'abc';
+  x  
+-----
+ def
+ ghi
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x LIKE 'a%';
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for LIKE
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x ILIKE 'a%';
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for ILIKE
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x SIMILAR TO 'a%';
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for regular expressions
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x ~ 'a';
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for regular expressions
+SELECT x FROM test1ci UNION SELECT x FROM test2ci ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ def
+ ghi
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test2ci UNION SELECT x FROM test1ci ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ ABC
+ def
+ ghi
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test1ci INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test2ci ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ ghi
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test2ci INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test1ci ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ ABC
+ ghi
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test1ci EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test2ci;
+  x  
+-----
+ def
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT x FROM test2ci EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test1ci;
+ x 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT x FROM test3ci ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ def
+ ghi
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(DISTINCT x) FROM test3ci;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT x, count(*) FROM test3ci GROUP BY x ORDER BY x;
+  x  | count 
+-----+-------
+ abc |     2
+ def |     1
+ ghi |     1
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT x, row_number() OVER (ORDER BY x), rank() OVER (ORDER BY x) FROM test3ci ORDER BY x;
+  x  | row_number | rank 
+-----+------------+------
+ abc |          1 |    1
+ ABC |          2 |    1
+ def |          3 |    3
+ ghi |          4 |    4
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test1ci (x);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test1ci VALUES ('ABC');  -- error
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "test1ci_x_idx"
+DETAIL:  Key (x)=(ABC) already exists.
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test3ci (x);  -- error
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "test3ci_x_idx"
+DETAIL:  Key (x)=(abc) is duplicated.
+SELECT string_to_array('ABC,DEF,GHI' COLLATE case_insensitive, ',', 'abc');
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for substring searches
+SELECT string_to_array('ABCDEFGHI' COLLATE case_insensitive, NULL, 'b');
+    string_to_array     
+------------------------
+ {A,NULL,C,D,E,F,G,H,I}
+(1 row)
+
+-- bpchar
+CREATE TABLE test1bpci (x char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test2bpci (x char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test3bpci (x char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE INDEX ON test3bpci (x bpchar_pattern_ops);  -- error
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for operator class "bpchar_pattern_ops"
+INSERT INTO test1bpci VALUES ('abc'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test2bpci VALUES ('ABC'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test3bpci VALUES ('abc'), ('ABC'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x = 'abc';
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x <> 'abc';
+  x  
+-----
+ def
+ ghi
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x LIKE 'a%';
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for LIKE
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x ILIKE 'a%';
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for ILIKE
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x SIMILAR TO 'a%';
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for regular expressions
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x ~ 'a';
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for regular expressions
+SELECT x FROM test1bpci UNION SELECT x FROM test2bpci ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ def
+ ghi
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test2bpci UNION SELECT x FROM test1bpci ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ ABC
+ def
+ ghi
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test1bpci INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test2bpci ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ ghi
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test2bpci INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test1bpci ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ ABC
+ ghi
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test1bpci EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test2bpci;
+  x  
+-----
+ def
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT x FROM test2bpci EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test1bpci;
+ x 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT x FROM test3bpci ORDER BY x;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ def
+ ghi
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(DISTINCT x) FROM test3bpci;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT x, count(*) FROM test3bpci GROUP BY x ORDER BY x;
+  x  | count 
+-----+-------
+ abc |     2
+ def |     1
+ ghi |     1
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT x, row_number() OVER (ORDER BY x), rank() OVER (ORDER BY x) FROM test3bpci ORDER BY x;
+  x  | row_number | rank 
+-----+------------+------
+ abc |          1 |    1
+ ABC |          2 |    1
+ def |          3 |    3
+ ghi |          4 |    4
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test1bpci (x);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test1bpci VALUES ('ABC');  -- error
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "test1bpci_x_idx"
+DETAIL:  Key (x)=(ABC) already exists.
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test3bpci (x);  -- error
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "test3bpci_x_idx"
+DETAIL:  Key (x)=(abc) is duplicated.
+SELECT string_to_array('ABC,DEF,GHI'::char(11) COLLATE case_insensitive, ',', 'abc');
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for substring searches
+SELECT string_to_array('ABCDEFGHI'::char(9) COLLATE case_insensitive, NULL, 'b');
+    string_to_array     
+------------------------
+ {A,NULL,C,D,E,F,G,H,I}
+(1 row)
+
+-- This tests the issue described in match_pattern_prefix().  In the
+-- absence of that check, the case_insensitive tests below would
+-- return no rows where they should logically return one.
+CREATE TABLE test4c (x text COLLATE "C");
+INSERT INTO test4c VALUES ('abc');
+CREATE INDEX ON test4c (x);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT x FROM test4c WHERE x LIKE 'ABC' COLLATE case_sensitive;  -- ok, no rows
+ x 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test4c WHERE x LIKE 'ABC%' COLLATE case_sensitive;  -- ok, no rows
+ x 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT x FROM test4c WHERE x LIKE 'ABC' COLLATE case_insensitive;  -- error
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for LIKE
+SELECT x FROM test4c WHERE x LIKE 'ABC%' COLLATE case_insensitive;  -- error
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations are not supported for LIKE
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+-- Unicode special case: different variants of Greek lower case sigma.
+-- A naive implementation like citext that just does lower(x) =
+-- lower(y) will do the wrong thing here, because lower('Σ') is 'σ'
+-- but upper('ς') is 'Σ'.
+SELECT 'ὀδυσσεύς' = 'ὈΔΥΣΣΕΎΣ' COLLATE case_sensitive;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'ὀδυσσεύς' = 'ὈΔΥΣΣΕΎΣ' COLLATE case_insensitive;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- name vs. text comparison operators
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'PG_CLASS'::text COLLATE case_insensitive;
+ relname  
+----------
+ pg_class
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE 'PG_CLASS'::text = relname COLLATE case_insensitive;
+ relname  
+----------
+ pg_class
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE typname LIKE 'int_' AND typname <> 'INT2'::text
+  COLLATE case_insensitive ORDER BY typname;
+ typname 
+---------
+ int4
+ int8
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE typname LIKE 'int_' AND 'INT2'::text <> typname
+  COLLATE case_insensitive ORDER BY typname;
+ typname 
+---------
+ int4
+ int8
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test case adapted from subselect.sql
+CREATE TEMP TABLE outer_text (f1 text COLLATE case_insensitive, f2 text);
+INSERT INTO outer_text VALUES ('a', 'a');
+INSERT INTO outer_text VALUES ('b', 'a');
+INSERT INTO outer_text VALUES ('A', NULL);
+INSERT INTO outer_text VALUES ('B', NULL);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE inner_text (c1 text COLLATE case_insensitive, c2 text);
+INSERT INTO inner_text VALUES ('a', NULL);
+SELECT * FROM outer_text WHERE (f1, f2) NOT IN (SELECT * FROM inner_text);
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+ b  | a
+ B  | 
+(2 rows)
+
+-- accents
+CREATE COLLATION ignore_accents (provider = icu, locale = '@colStrength=primary;colCaseLevel=yes', deterministic = false);
+CREATE TABLE test4 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO test4 VALUES (1, 'cote'), (2, 'côte'), (3, 'coté'), (4, 'côté');
+SELECT * FROM test4 WHERE b = 'cote';
+ a |  b   
+---+------
+ 1 | cote
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM test4 WHERE b = 'cote' COLLATE ignore_accents;
+ a |  b   
+---+------
+ 1 | cote
+ 2 | côte
+ 3 | coté
+ 4 | côté
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM test4 WHERE b = 'Cote' COLLATE ignore_accents;  -- still case-sensitive
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM test4 WHERE b = 'Cote' COLLATE case_insensitive;
+ a |  b   
+---+------
+ 1 | cote
+(1 row)
+
+-- foreign keys (should use collation of primary key)
+-- PK is case-sensitive, FK is case-insensitive
+CREATE TABLE test10pk (x text COLLATE case_sensitive PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO test10pk VALUES ('abc'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+CREATE TABLE test10fk (x text COLLATE case_insensitive REFERENCES test10pk (x) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE);
+INSERT INTO test10fk VALUES ('abc');  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test10fk VALUES ('ABC');  -- error
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "test10fk" violates foreign key constraint "test10fk_x_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (x)=(ABC) is not present in table "test10pk".
+INSERT INTO test10fk VALUES ('xyz');  -- error
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "test10fk" violates foreign key constraint "test10fk_x_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (x)=(xyz) is not present in table "test10pk".
+SELECT * FROM test10pk;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ def
+ ghi
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM test10fk;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+-- restrict update even though the values are "equal" in the FK table
+UPDATE test10fk SET x = 'ABC' WHERE x = 'abc';  -- error
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "test10fk" violates foreign key constraint "test10fk_x_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (x)=(ABC) is not present in table "test10pk".
+SELECT * FROM test10fk;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM test10pk WHERE x = 'abc';
+SELECT * FROM test10pk;
+  x  
+-----
+ def
+ ghi
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM test10fk;
+ x 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- PK is case-insensitive, FK is case-sensitive
+CREATE TABLE test11pk (x text COLLATE case_insensitive PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO test11pk VALUES ('abc'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+CREATE TABLE test11fk (x text COLLATE case_sensitive REFERENCES test11pk (x) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE);
+INSERT INTO test11fk VALUES ('abc');  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test11fk VALUES ('ABC');  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test11fk VALUES ('xyz');  -- error
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "test11fk" violates foreign key constraint "test11fk_x_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (x)=(xyz) is not present in table "test11pk".
+SELECT * FROM test11pk;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ def
+ ghi
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM test11fk;
+  x  
+-----
+ abc
+ ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+-- cascade update even though the values are "equal" in the PK table
+UPDATE test11pk SET x = 'ABC' WHERE x = 'abc';
+SELECT * FROM test11fk;
+  x  
+-----
+ ABC
+ ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM test11pk WHERE x = 'abc';
+SELECT * FROM test11pk;
+  x  
+-----
+ def
+ ghi
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM test11fk;
+ x 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- partitioning
+CREATE TABLE test20 (a int, b text COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+CREATE TABLE test20_1 PARTITION OF test20 FOR VALUES IN ('abc');
+INSERT INTO test20 VALUES (1, 'abc');
+INSERT INTO test20 VALUES (2, 'ABC');
+SELECT * FROM test20_1;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE test21 (a int, b text COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE test21_1 PARTITION OF test21 FOR VALUES FROM ('ABC') TO ('DEF');
+INSERT INTO test21 VALUES (1, 'abc');
+INSERT INTO test21 VALUES (2, 'ABC');
+SELECT * FROM test21_1;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE test22 (a int, b text COLLATE case_sensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test22_0 PARTITION OF test22 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test22_1 PARTITION OF test22 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test22 VALUES (1, 'def');
+INSERT INTO test22 VALUES (2, 'DEF');
+-- they end up in different partitions
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test22_0) = (SELECT count(*) FROM test22_1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- same with arrays
+CREATE TABLE test22a (a int, b text[] COLLATE case_sensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test22a_0 PARTITION OF test22a FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test22a_1 PARTITION OF test22a FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test22a VALUES (1, ARRAY['def']);
+INSERT INTO test22a VALUES (2, ARRAY['DEF']);
+-- they end up in different partitions
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test22a_0) = (SELECT count(*) FROM test22a_1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE test23 (a int, b text COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test23_0 PARTITION OF test23 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test23_1 PARTITION OF test23 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test23 VALUES (1, 'def');
+INSERT INTO test23 VALUES (2, 'DEF');
+-- they end up in the same partition (but it's platform-dependent which one)
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test23_0) <> (SELECT count(*) FROM test23_1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- same with arrays
+CREATE TABLE test23a (a int, b text[] COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test23a_0 PARTITION OF test23a FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test23a_1 PARTITION OF test23a FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test23a VALUES (1, ARRAY['def']);
+INSERT INTO test23a VALUES (2, ARRAY['DEF']);
+-- they end up in the same partition (but it's platform-dependent which one)
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test23a_0) <> (SELECT count(*) FROM test23a_1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE test30 (a int, b char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+CREATE TABLE test30_1 PARTITION OF test30 FOR VALUES IN ('abc');
+INSERT INTO test30 VALUES (1, 'abc');
+INSERT INTO test30 VALUES (2, 'ABC');
+SELECT * FROM test30_1;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE test31 (a int, b char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE test31_1 PARTITION OF test31 FOR VALUES FROM ('ABC') TO ('DEF');
+INSERT INTO test31 VALUES (1, 'abc');
+INSERT INTO test31 VALUES (2, 'ABC');
+SELECT * FROM test31_1;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE test32 (a int, b char(3) COLLATE case_sensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test32_0 PARTITION OF test32 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test32_1 PARTITION OF test32 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test32 VALUES (1, 'def');
+INSERT INTO test32 VALUES (2, 'DEF');
+-- they end up in different partitions
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test32_0) = (SELECT count(*) FROM test32_1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE test33 (a int, b char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test33_0 PARTITION OF test33 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test33_1 PARTITION OF test33 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test33 VALUES (1, 'def');
+INSERT INTO test33 VALUES (2, 'DEF');
+-- they end up in the same partition (but it's platform-dependent which one)
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test33_0) <> (SELECT count(*) FROM test33_1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+RESET search_path;
+SET client_min_messages TO warning;
+DROP SCHEMA collate_tests CASCADE;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- leave a collation for pg_upgrade test
+CREATE COLLATION coll_icu_upgrade FROM "und-x-icu";
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/collate.icu.utf8_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/collate.icu.utf8_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6a33b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/collate.icu.utf8_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/*
+ * This test is for ICU collations.
+ */
+/* skip test if not UTF8 server encoding or no ICU collations installed */
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() <> 'UTF8' OR
+       (SELECT count(*) FROM pg_collation WHERE collprovider = 'i') = 0
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/collate.linux.utf8.out b/src/test/regress/expected/collate.linux.utf8.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2d0eb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/collate.linux.utf8.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1164 @@
+/*
+ * This test is for Linux/glibc systems and assumes that a full set of
+ * locales is installed.  It must be run in a database with UTF-8 encoding,
+ * because other encodings don't support all the characters used.
+ */
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() <> 'UTF8' OR
+       (SELECT count(*) FROM pg_collation WHERE collname IN ('de_DE', 'en_US', 'sv_SE', 'tr_TR') AND collencoding = pg_char_to_encoding('UTF8')) <> 4 OR
+       version() !~ 'linux-gnu'
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+SET client_encoding TO UTF8;
+CREATE SCHEMA collate_tests;
+SET search_path = collate_tests;
+CREATE TABLE collate_test1 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "en_US" NOT NULL
+);
+\d collate_test1
+        Table "collate_tests.collate_test1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    | en_US     | not null | 
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "ja_JP.eucjp"
+);
+ERROR:  collation "ja_JP.eucjp" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
+LINE 3:     b text COLLATE "ja_JP.eucjp"
+                   ^
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "foo"
+);
+ERROR:  collation "foo" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
+LINE 3:     b text COLLATE "foo"
+                   ^
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int COLLATE "en_US",
+    b text
+);
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+LINE 2:     a int COLLATE "en_US",
+                  ^
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_like (
+    LIKE collate_test1
+);
+\d collate_test_like
+      Table "collate_tests.collate_test_like"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    | en_US     | not null | 
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test2 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "sv_SE"
+);
+CREATE TABLE collate_test3 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "C"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test1 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'äbc'), (3, 'bbc'), (4, 'ABC');
+INSERT INTO collate_test2 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+INSERT INTO collate_test3 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 3 | bbc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test2 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 WHERE b >= 'BBC';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'bbc' COLLATE "C";
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "C";
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "en_US";
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between explicit collations "C" and "en_US"
+LINE 1: ...* FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "e...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_sv AS text COLLATE "sv_SE";
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_i AS int COLLATE "sv_SE"; -- fails
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+CREATE TABLE collate_test4 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_sv
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test4 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test4 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test5 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_sv COLLATE "en_US"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test5 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test5 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- star expansion
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- constant expression folding
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "en_US" > 'äbc' COLLATE "en_US" AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "sv_SE" > 'äbc' COLLATE "sv_SE" AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- upper/lower
+CREATE TABLE collate_test10 (
+    a int,
+    x text COLLATE "en_US",
+    y text COLLATE "tr_TR"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test10 VALUES (1, 'hij', 'hij'), (2, 'HIJ', 'HIJ');
+SELECT a, lower(x), lower(y), upper(x), upper(y), initcap(x), initcap(y) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower | upper | upper | initcap | initcap 
+---+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------
+ 1 | hij   | hij   | HIJ   | HİJ   | Hij     | Hij
+ 2 | hij   | hıj   | HIJ   | HIJ   | Hij     | Hıj
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(x COLLATE "C"), lower(y COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hij
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, x, y FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY lower(y), a;
+ a |  x  |  y  
+---+-----+-----
+ 2 | HIJ | HIJ
+ 1 | hij | hij
+(2 rows)
+
+-- LIKE/ILIKE
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE 'abc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE 'abc%';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE '%bc%';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE 'abc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE 'abc%';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE '%bc%';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 4 | ABC
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "en_US" ILIKE '%KI%' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "tr_TR" ILIKE '%KI%' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ILIKE 'BIT' COLLATE "en_US" AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ILIKE 'BIT' COLLATE "tr_TR" AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- The following actually exercises the selectivity estimation for ILIKE.
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname ILIKE 'abc%';
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- regular expressions
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ '^abc$';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ '^abc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ 'bc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* '^abc$';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* '^abc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* 'bc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 4 | ABC
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test6 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "en_US"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test6 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'ABC'), (3, '123'), (4, 'ab1'),
+                                 (5, 'a1!'), (6, 'a c'), (7, '!.;'), (8, '   '),
+                                 (9, 'äbç'), (10, 'ÄBÇ');
+SELECT b,
+       b ~ '^[[:alpha:]]+$' AS is_alpha,
+       b ~ '^[[:upper:]]+$' AS is_upper,
+       b ~ '^[[:lower:]]+$' AS is_lower,
+       b ~ '^[[:digit:]]+$' AS is_digit,
+       b ~ '^[[:alnum:]]+$' AS is_alnum,
+       b ~ '^[[:graph:]]+$' AS is_graph,
+       b ~ '^[[:print:]]+$' AS is_print,
+       b ~ '^[[:punct:]]+$' AS is_punct,
+       b ~ '^[[:space:]]+$' AS is_space
+FROM collate_test6;
+  b  | is_alpha | is_upper | is_lower | is_digit | is_alnum | is_graph | is_print | is_punct | is_space 
+-----+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------
+ abc | t        | f        | t        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ ABC | t        | t        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ 123 | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ ab1 | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ a1! | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ a c | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | f        | f
+ !.; | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f
+     | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | f        | t        | f        | t
+ äbç | t        | f        | t        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+ ÄBÇ | t        | t        | f        | f        | t        | t        | t        | f        | f
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "en_US" ~* 'KI' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "tr_TR" ~* 'KI' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ~* 'BIT' COLLATE "en_US" AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ~* 'BIT' COLLATE "tr_TR" AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- The following actually exercises the selectivity estimation for ~*.
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~* '^abc';
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- to_char
+SET lc_time TO 'tr_TR';
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-02-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY');
+   to_char   
+-------------
+ 01 ŞUB 2010
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-02-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY' COLLATE "tr_TR");
+   to_char   
+-------------
+ 01 ŞUB 2010
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-04-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY');
+   to_char   
+-------------
+ 01 NIS 2010
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-04-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY' COLLATE "tr_TR");
+   to_char   
+-------------
+ 01 NİS 2010
+(1 row)
+
+-- to_date
+SELECT to_date('01 ŞUB 2010', 'DD TMMON YYYY');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 02-01-2010
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('01 Şub 2010', 'DD TMMON YYYY');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 02-01-2010
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('1234567890ab 2010', 'TMMONTH YYYY'); -- fail
+ERROR:  invalid value "1234567890ab" for "MONTH"
+DETAIL:  The given value did not match any of the allowed values for this field.
+-- backwards parsing
+CREATE VIEW collview1 AS SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
+CREATE VIEW collview2 AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+CREATE VIEW collview3 AS SELECT a, lower((x || x) COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
+SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
+  WHERE table_name LIKE 'collview%' ORDER BY 1;
+ table_name |                             view_definition                              
+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ collview1  |  SELECT collate_test1.a,                                                +
+            |     collate_test1.b                                                     +
+            |    FROM collate_test1                                                   +
+            |   WHERE ((collate_test1.b COLLATE "C") >= 'bbc'::text);
+ collview2  |  SELECT collate_test1.a,                                                +
+            |     collate_test1.b                                                     +
+            |    FROM collate_test1                                                   +
+            |   ORDER BY (collate_test1.b COLLATE "C");
+ collview3  |  SELECT collate_test10.a,                                               +
+            |     lower(((collate_test10.x || collate_test10.x) COLLATE "C")) AS lower+
+            |    FROM collate_test10;
+(3 rows)
+
+-- collation propagation in various expression types
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | coalesce 
+---+----------
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | coalesce 
+---+----------
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | coalesce 
+---+----------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(coalesce(x, 'foo')), lower(coalesce(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hıj
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 3;
+ a |  b  | greatest 
+---+-----+----------
+ 1 | abc | CCC
+ 2 | äbc | CCC
+ 3 | bbc | CCC
+ 4 | ABC | CCC
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 3;
+ a |  b  | greatest 
+---+-----+----------
+ 1 | abc | CCC
+ 3 | bbc | CCC
+ 4 | ABC | CCC
+ 2 | äbc | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 3;
+ a |  b  | greatest 
+---+-----+----------
+ 4 | ABC | CCC
+ 1 | abc | abc
+ 3 | bbc | bbc
+ 2 | äbc | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, x, y, lower(greatest(x, 'foo')), lower(greatest(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+ a |  x  |  y  | lower | lower 
+---+-----+-----+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij | hij | hij   | hij
+ 2 | HIJ | HIJ | hij   | hıj
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | nullif 
+---+--------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 1 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | nullif 
+---+--------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 1 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | nullif 
+---+--------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 1 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(nullif(x, 'foo')), lower(nullif(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hıj
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b   
+---+------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 1 | abcd
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b   
+---+------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abcd
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b   
+---+------
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abcd
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain AS text;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b::testdomain_sv FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(x::testdomain), lower(y::testdomain) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hıj
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test1;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+ abc | bbc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test2;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+ abc | äbc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test3;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+ ABC | äbc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1;
+     array_agg     
+-------------------
+ {abc,ABC,äbc,bbc}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2;
+     array_agg     
+-------------------
+ {abc,ABC,bbc,äbc}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test3;
+     array_agg     
+-------------------
+ {ABC,abc,bbc,äbc}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a < 4 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a > 1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a < 2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 4 | ABC
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en_US" and "C"
+LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collat...
+                                                       ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+SELECT a, b COLLATE "C" FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en_US" and "C"
+LINE 1: ...ELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM col...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en_US" and "C"
+LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM colla...
+                                                        ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+CREATE TABLE test_u AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3; -- fail
+ERROR:  no collation was derived for column "b" with collatable type text
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+-- ideally this would be a parse-time error, but for now it must be run-time:
+select x < y from collate_test10; -- fail
+ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+select x || y from collate_test10; -- ok, because || is not collation aware
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ hijhij
+ HIJHIJ
+(2 rows)
+
+select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y; -- not so ok
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "en_US" and "tr_TR"
+LINE 1: select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y;
+                                                      ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+-- collation mismatch between recursive and non-recursive term
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(x) AS
+   (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "en_US"),('b')) t(x)
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT (x || 'c') COLLATE "de_DE" FROM foo WHERE length(x) < 10)
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  recursive query "foo" column 1 has collation "en_US" in non-recursive term but collation "de_DE" overall
+LINE 2:    (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "en_US"),('b')) t(x)
+                   ^
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation of the non-recursive term.
+-- casting
+SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "COLLATE"
+LINE 1: SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
+                                 ^
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- propagation of collation in SQL functions (inlined and non-inlined cases)
+-- and plpgsql functions too
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE sql
+    AS $$ select $1 < $2 $$;
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt_noninline (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE sql
+    AS $$ select $1 < $2 limit 1 $$;
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt_plpgsql (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql
+    AS $$ begin return $1 < $2; end $$;
+SELECT a.b AS a, b.b AS b, a.b < b.b AS lt,
+       mylt(a.b, b.b), mylt_noninline(a.b, b.b), mylt_plpgsql(a.b, b.b)
+FROM collate_test1 a, collate_test1 b
+ORDER BY a.b, b.b;
+  a  |  b  | lt | mylt | mylt_noninline | mylt_plpgsql 
+-----+-----+----+------+----------------+--------------
+ abc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ abc | ABC | t  | t    | t              | t
+ abc | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ abc | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ ABC | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ ABC | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ ABC | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ ABC | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ äbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | äbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ bbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | äbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | bbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT a.b AS a, b.b AS b, a.b < b.b COLLATE "C" AS lt,
+       mylt(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C"), mylt_noninline(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C"),
+       mylt_plpgsql(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C")
+FROM collate_test1 a, collate_test1 b
+ORDER BY a.b, b.b;
+  a  |  b  | lt | mylt | mylt_noninline | mylt_plpgsql 
+-----+-----+----+------+----------------+--------------
+ abc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ abc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ abc | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ abc | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ ABC | abc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ ABC | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ ABC | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ ABC | bbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ äbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | äbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ äbc | bbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | abc | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | ABC | f  | f    | f              | f
+ bbc | äbc | t  | t    | t              | t
+ bbc | bbc | f  | f    | f              | f
+(16 rows)
+
+-- collation override in plpgsql
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt2 (x text, y text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+  xx text := x;
+  yy text := y;
+begin
+  return xx < yy;
+end
+$$;
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "en_US") as t, mylt2('a', 'B' collate "C") as f;
+ t | f 
+---+---
+ t | f
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
+  mylt2 (x text, y text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+  xx text COLLATE "POSIX" := x;
+  yy text := y;
+begin
+  return xx < yy;
+end
+$$;
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B') as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "C") as fail; -- conflicting collations
+ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function mylt2(text,text) line 6 at RETURN
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "POSIX") as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- polymorphism
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1)) ORDER BY 1;
+ unnest 
+--------
+ abc
+ ABC
+ äbc
+ bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2)) ORDER BY 1;
+ unnest 
+--------
+ abc
+ ABC
+ bbc
+ äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test3)) ORDER BY 1;
+ unnest 
+--------
+ ABC
+ abc
+ bbc
+ äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (anyelement) RETURNS anyelement
+    AS 'select $1' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | dup 
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 2 | äbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | dup 
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 4 | ABC
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | dup 
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABC
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 2 | äbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- indexes
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_test1 (b);
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_test1 (b COLLATE "C");
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_test1 ((b COLLATE "C")); -- this is different grammatically
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_test1 (((b||'foo') COLLATE "POSIX"));
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx5 ON collate_test1 (a COLLATE "C"); -- fail
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "C")); -- fail
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+LINE 1: ...ATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "C...
+                                                             ^
+SELECT relname, pg_get_indexdef(oid) FROM pg_class WHERE relname LIKE 'collate_test%_idx%' ORDER BY 1;
+      relname       |                                                  pg_get_indexdef                                                  
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ collate_test1_idx1 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b)
+ collate_test1_idx2 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "C")
+ collate_test1_idx3 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "C")
+ collate_test1_idx4 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (((b || 'foo'::text)) COLLATE "POSIX")
+(4 rows)
+
+-- schema manipulation commands
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SCHEMA test_schema;
+-- We need to do this this way to cope with varying names for encodings:
+do $$
+BEGIN
+  EXECUTE 'CREATE COLLATION test0 (locale = ' ||
+          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_collate')) || ');';
+END
+$$;
+CREATE COLLATION test0 FROM "C"; -- fail, duplicate name
+ERROR:  collation "test0" already exists
+CREATE COLLATION IF NOT EXISTS test0 FROM "C"; -- ok, skipped
+NOTICE:  collation "test0" already exists, skipping
+CREATE COLLATION IF NOT EXISTS test0 (locale = 'foo'); -- ok, skipped
+NOTICE:  collation "test0" for encoding "UTF8" already exists, skipping
+do $$
+BEGIN
+  EXECUTE 'CREATE COLLATION test1 (lc_collate = ' ||
+          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_collate')) ||
+          ', lc_ctype = ' ||
+          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_ctype')) || ');';
+END
+$$;
+CREATE COLLATION test3 (lc_collate = 'en_US.utf8'); -- fail, need lc_ctype
+ERROR:  parameter "lc_ctype" must be specified
+CREATE COLLATION testx (locale = 'nonsense'); -- fail
+ERROR:  could not create locale "nonsense": No such file or directory
+DETAIL:  The operating system could not find any locale data for the locale name "nonsense".
+CREATE COLLATION test4 FROM nonsense;
+ERROR:  collation "nonsense" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
+CREATE COLLATION test5 FROM test0;
+SELECT collname FROM pg_collation WHERE collname LIKE 'test%' ORDER BY 1;
+ collname 
+----------
+ test0
+ test1
+ test5
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test11;
+ALTER COLLATION test0 RENAME TO test11; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation "test11" for encoding "UTF8" already exists in schema "collate_tests"
+ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test22; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation "test1" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
+ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO nonsense;
+ERROR:  role "nonsense" does not exist
+ALTER COLLATION test11 SET SCHEMA test_schema;
+COMMENT ON COLLATION test0 IS 'US English';
+SELECT collname, nspname, obj_description(pg_collation.oid, 'pg_collation')
+    FROM pg_collation JOIN pg_namespace ON (collnamespace = pg_namespace.oid)
+    WHERE collname LIKE 'test%'
+    ORDER BY 1;
+ collname |    nspname    | obj_description 
+----------+---------------+-----------------
+ test0    | collate_tests | US English
+ test11   | test_schema   | 
+ test5    | collate_tests | 
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP COLLATION test0, test_schema.test11, test5;
+DROP COLLATION test0; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation "test0" for encoding "UTF8" does not exist
+DROP COLLATION IF EXISTS test0;
+NOTICE:  collation "test0" does not exist, skipping
+SELECT collname FROM pg_collation WHERE collname LIKE 'test%';
+ collname 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP SCHEMA test_schema;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role;
+-- ALTER
+ALTER COLLATION "en_US" REFRESH VERSION;
+NOTICE:  version has not changed
+-- also test for database while we are here
+SELECT current_database() AS datname \gset
+ALTER DATABASE :"datname" REFRESH COLLATION VERSION;
+NOTICE:  version has not changed
+-- dependencies
+CREATE COLLATION test0 FROM "C";
+CREATE TABLE collate_dep_test1 (a int, b text COLLATE test0);
+CREATE DOMAIN collate_dep_dom1 AS text COLLATE test0;
+CREATE TYPE collate_dep_test2 AS (x int, y text COLLATE test0);
+CREATE VIEW collate_dep_test3 AS SELECT text 'foo' COLLATE test0 AS foo;
+CREATE TABLE collate_dep_test4t (a int, b text);
+CREATE INDEX collate_dep_test4i ON collate_dep_test4t (b COLLATE test0);
+DROP COLLATION test0 RESTRICT; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop collation test0 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  column b of table collate_dep_test1 depends on collation test0
+type collate_dep_dom1 depends on collation test0
+column y of composite type collate_dep_test2 depends on collation test0
+view collate_dep_test3 depends on collation test0
+index collate_dep_test4i depends on collation test0
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP COLLATION test0 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 5 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to column b of table collate_dep_test1
+drop cascades to type collate_dep_dom1
+drop cascades to column y of composite type collate_dep_test2
+drop cascades to view collate_dep_test3
+drop cascades to index collate_dep_test4i
+\d collate_dep_test1
+      Table "collate_tests.collate_dep_test1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+
+\d collate_dep_test2
+ Composite type "collate_tests.collate_dep_test2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ x      | integer |           |          | 
+
+DROP TABLE collate_dep_test1, collate_dep_test4t;
+DROP TYPE collate_dep_test2;
+-- test range types and collations
+create type textrange_c as range(subtype=text, collation="C");
+create type textrange_en_us as range(subtype=text, collation="en_US");
+select textrange_c('A','Z') @> 'b'::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select textrange_en_us('A','Z') @> 'b'::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+drop type textrange_c;
+drop type textrange_en_us;
+-- nondeterministic collations
+-- (not supported with libc provider)
+CREATE COLLATION ctest_det (locale = 'en_US.utf8', deterministic = true);
+CREATE COLLATION ctest_nondet (locale = 'en_US.utf8', deterministic = false);
+ERROR:  nondeterministic collations not supported with this provider
+-- cleanup
+SET client_min_messages TO warning;
+DROP SCHEMA collate_tests CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/collate.linux.utf8_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/collate.linux.utf8_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ede5fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/collate.linux.utf8_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/*
+ * This test is for Linux/glibc systems and assumes that a full set of
+ * locales is installed.  It must be run in a database with UTF-8 encoding,
+ * because other encodings don't support all the characters used.
+ */
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() <> 'UTF8' OR
+       (SELECT count(*) FROM pg_collation WHERE collname IN ('de_DE', 'en_US', 'sv_SE', 'tr_TR') AND collencoding = pg_char_to_encoding('UTF8')) <> 4 OR
+       version() !~ 'linux-gnu'
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/collate.out b/src/test/regress/expected/collate.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2468325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/collate.out
@@ -0,0 +1,776 @@
+/*
+ * This test is intended to pass on all platforms supported by Postgres.
+ * We can therefore only assume that the default, C, and POSIX collations
+ * are available --- and since the regression tests are often run in a
+ * C-locale database, these may well all have the same behavior.  But
+ * fortunately, the system doesn't know that and will treat them as
+ * incompatible collations.  It is therefore at least possible to test
+ * parser behaviors such as collation conflict resolution.  This test will,
+ * however, be more revealing when run in a database with non-C locale,
+ * since any departure from C sorting behavior will show as a failure.
+ */
+CREATE SCHEMA collate_tests;
+SET search_path = collate_tests;
+CREATE TABLE collate_test1 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "C" NOT NULL
+);
+\d collate_test1
+        Table "collate_tests.collate_test1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    | C         | not null | 
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int COLLATE "C",
+    b text
+);
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+LINE 2:     a int COLLATE "C",
+                  ^
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_like (
+    LIKE collate_test1
+);
+\d collate_test_like
+      Table "collate_tests.collate_test_like"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    | C         | not null | 
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test2 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "POSIX"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test1 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'Abc'), (3, 'bbc'), (4, 'ABD');
+INSERT INTO collate_test2 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'abc';
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'abc' COLLATE "C";
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'abc' COLLATE "C";
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "POSIX"; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between explicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
+LINE 1: ...* FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "P...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_p AS text COLLATE "POSIX";
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_i AS int COLLATE "POSIX"; -- fail
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+CREATE TABLE collate_test4 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_p
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test4 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test4 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test5 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_p COLLATE "C"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test5 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test5 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- star expansion
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- constant expression folding
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "C" > 'Abc' COLLATE "C" AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "POSIX" < 'Abc' COLLATE "POSIX" AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- upper/lower
+CREATE TABLE collate_test10 (
+    a int,
+    x text COLLATE "C",
+    y text COLLATE "POSIX"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test10 VALUES (1, 'hij', 'hij'), (2, 'HIJ', 'HIJ');
+SELECT a, lower(x), lower(y), upper(x), upper(y), initcap(x), initcap(y) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower | upper | upper | initcap | initcap 
+---+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------
+ 1 | hij   | hij   | HIJ   | HIJ   | Hij     | Hij
+ 2 | hij   | hij   | HIJ   | HIJ   | Hij     | Hij
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(x COLLATE "C"), lower(y COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hij
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, x, y FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY lower(y), a;
+ a |  x  |  y  
+---+-----+-----
+ 1 | hij | hij
+ 2 | HIJ | HIJ
+(2 rows)
+
+-- backwards parsing
+CREATE VIEW collview1 AS SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
+CREATE VIEW collview2 AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+CREATE VIEW collview3 AS SELECT a, lower((x || x) COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
+SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
+  WHERE table_name LIKE 'collview%' ORDER BY 1;
+ table_name |                               view_definition                                
+------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ collview1  |  SELECT collate_test1.a,                                                    +
+            |     collate_test1.b                                                         +
+            |    FROM collate_test1                                                       +
+            |   WHERE ((collate_test1.b COLLATE "C") >= 'bbc'::text);
+ collview2  |  SELECT collate_test1.a,                                                    +
+            |     collate_test1.b                                                         +
+            |    FROM collate_test1                                                       +
+            |   ORDER BY (collate_test1.b COLLATE "C");
+ collview3  |  SELECT collate_test10.a,                                                   +
+            |     lower(((collate_test10.x || collate_test10.x) COLLATE "POSIX")) AS lower+
+            |    FROM collate_test10;
+(3 rows)
+
+-- collation propagation in various expression types
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | coalesce 
+---+----------
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | coalesce 
+---+----------
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(coalesce(x, 'foo')), lower(coalesce(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hij
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 3;
+ a |  b  | greatest 
+---+-----+----------
+ 2 | Abc | CCC
+ 4 | ABD | CCC
+ 1 | abc | abc
+ 3 | bbc | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 3;
+ a |  b  | greatest 
+---+-----+----------
+ 2 | Abc | CCC
+ 4 | ABD | CCC
+ 1 | abc | abc
+ 3 | bbc | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, x, y, lower(greatest(x, 'foo')), lower(greatest(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+ a |  x  |  y  | lower | lower 
+---+-----+-----+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij | hij | hij   | hij
+ 2 | HIJ | HIJ | foo   | foo
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | nullif 
+---+--------
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 1 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | nullif 
+---+--------
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 1 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(nullif(x, 'foo')), lower(nullif(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hij
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b   
+---+------
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abcd
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b   
+---+------
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abcd
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain AS text;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b::testdomain_p FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, lower(x::testdomain), lower(y::testdomain) FROM collate_test10;
+ a | lower | lower 
+---+-------+-------
+ 1 | hij   | hij
+ 2 | hij   | hij
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test1;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+ ABD | bbc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test2;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+ ABD | bbc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1;
+     array_agg     
+-------------------
+ {ABD,Abc,abc,bbc}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2;
+     array_agg     
+-------------------
+ {ABD,Abc,abc,bbc}
+(1 row)
+
+-- In aggregates, ORDER BY expressions don't affect aggregate's collation
+SELECT string_agg(x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;  -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between explicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
+LINE 1: SELECT string_agg(x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM col...
+                                           ^
+SELECT array_agg(x COLLATE "C" ORDER BY y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
+ array_agg 
+-----------
+ {HIJ,hij}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
+ array_agg 
+-----------
+ {2,1}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY x||y) FROM collate_test10;  -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
+LINE 1: SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY x||y) FROM collate_test10;
+                                       ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 3 | bbc
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a < 4 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a > 1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | Abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a < 2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | Abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 4 | ABD
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | Abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 4 | ABD
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
+LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collat...
+                                                       ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+SELECT a, b COLLATE "C" FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
+LINE 1: ...ELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM col...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
+LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM colla...
+                                                        ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+CREATE TABLE test_u AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2; -- fail
+ERROR:  no collation was derived for column "b" with collatable type text
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+-- ideally this would be a parse-time error, but for now it must be run-time:
+select x < y from collate_test10; -- fail
+ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+select x || y from collate_test10; -- ok, because || is not collation aware
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ hijhij
+ HIJHIJ
+(2 rows)
+
+select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y; -- not so ok
+ERROR:  collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
+LINE 1: select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y;
+                                                      ^
+HINT:  You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
+-- collation mismatch between recursive and non-recursive term
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(x) AS
+   (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "C"),('b')) t(x)
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT (x || 'c') COLLATE "POSIX" FROM foo WHERE length(x) < 10)
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  recursive query "foo" column 1 has collation "C" in non-recursive term but collation "POSIX" overall
+LINE 2:    (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "C"),('b')) t(x)
+                   ^
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation of the non-recursive term.
+SELECT a, b, a < b as lt FROM
+  (VALUES ('a', 'B'), ('A', 'b' COLLATE "C")) v(a,b);
+ a | b | lt 
+---+---+----
+ a | B | f
+ A | b | t
+(2 rows)
+
+-- collation mismatch in subselects
+SELECT * FROM collate_test10 WHERE (x, y) NOT IN (SELECT y, x FROM collate_test10);
+ERROR:  could not determine which collation to use for string hashing
+HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
+-- now it works with overrides
+SELECT * FROM collate_test10 WHERE (x COLLATE "POSIX", y COLLATE "C") NOT IN (SELECT y, x FROM collate_test10);
+ a | x | y 
+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test10 WHERE (x, y) NOT IN (SELECT y COLLATE "C", x COLLATE "POSIX" FROM collate_test10);
+ a | x | y 
+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- casting
+SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "COLLATE"
+LINE 1: SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
+                                 ^
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- result of a SQL function
+CREATE FUNCTION vc (text) RETURNS text LANGUAGE sql
+    AS 'select $1::varchar';
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY a, vc(b);
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | abc
+ 2 | Abc
+ 3 | bbc
+ 4 | ABD
+(4 rows)
+
+-- polymorphism
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1)) ORDER BY 1;
+ unnest 
+--------
+ ABD
+ Abc
+ abc
+ bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2)) ORDER BY 1;
+ unnest 
+--------
+ ABD
+ Abc
+ abc
+ bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (anyelement) RETURNS anyelement
+    AS 'select $1' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | dup 
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+ a | dup 
+---+-----
+ 4 | ABD
+ 2 | Abc
+ 1 | abc
+ 3 | bbc
+(4 rows)
+
+-- indexes
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_test1 (b);
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_test1 (b COLLATE "POSIX");
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_test1 ((b COLLATE "POSIX")); -- this is different grammatically
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_test1 (((b||'foo') COLLATE "POSIX"));
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx5 ON collate_test1 (a COLLATE "POSIX"); -- fail
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "POSIX")); -- fail
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+LINE 1: ...ATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "P...
+                                                             ^
+SELECT relname, pg_get_indexdef(oid) FROM pg_class WHERE relname LIKE 'collate_test%_idx%' ORDER BY 1;
+      relname       |                                                  pg_get_indexdef                                                  
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ collate_test1_idx1 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b)
+ collate_test1_idx2 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "POSIX")
+ collate_test1_idx3 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "POSIX")
+ collate_test1_idx4 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_tests.collate_test1 USING btree (((b || 'foo'::text)) COLLATE "POSIX")
+(4 rows)
+
+-- foreign keys
+-- force indexes and mergejoins to be used for FK checking queries,
+-- else they might not exercise collation-dependent operators
+SET enable_seqscan TO 0;
+SET enable_hashjoin TO 0;
+SET enable_nestloop TO 0;
+CREATE TABLE collate_test20 (f1 text COLLATE "C" PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO collate_test20 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar');
+CREATE TABLE collate_test21 (f2 text COLLATE "POSIX" REFERENCES collate_test20);
+INSERT INTO collate_test21 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar');
+INSERT INTO collate_test21 VALUES ('baz'); -- fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "collate_test21" violates foreign key constraint "collate_test21_f2_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (f2)=(baz) is not present in table "collate_test20".
+CREATE TABLE collate_test22 (f2 text COLLATE "POSIX");
+INSERT INTO collate_test22 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar'), ('baz');
+ALTER TABLE collate_test22 ADD FOREIGN KEY (f2) REFERENCES collate_test20; -- fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "collate_test22" violates foreign key constraint "collate_test22_f2_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (f2)=(baz) is not present in table "collate_test20".
+DELETE FROM collate_test22 WHERE f2 = 'baz';
+ALTER TABLE collate_test22 ADD FOREIGN KEY (f2) REFERENCES collate_test20;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+RESET enable_nestloop;
+-- EXPLAIN
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+  SELECT * FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY x, y;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX"
+   ->  Seq Scan on collate_test10
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+  SELECT * FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY x DESC, y COLLATE "C" ASC NULLS FIRST;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: x COLLATE "C" DESC, y COLLATE "C" NULLS FIRST
+   ->  Seq Scan on collate_test10
+(3 rows)
+
+-- CREATE/DROP COLLATION
+CREATE COLLATION mycoll1 FROM "C";
+CREATE COLLATION mycoll2 ( LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LC_CTYPE = "POSIX" );
+CREATE COLLATION mycoll3 FROM "default";  -- intentionally unsupported
+ERROR:  collation "default" cannot be copied
+DROP COLLATION mycoll1;
+CREATE TABLE collate_test23 (f1 text collate mycoll2);
+DROP COLLATION mycoll2;  -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop collation mycoll2 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  column f1 of table collate_test23 depends on collation mycoll2
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE COLLATION case_coll ("Lc_Collate" = "POSIX", "Lc_Ctype" = "POSIX");
+ERROR:  collation attribute "Lc_Collate" not recognized
+LINE 1: CREATE COLLATION case_coll ("Lc_Collate" = "POSIX", "Lc_Ctyp...
+                                    ^
+-- 9.1 bug with useless COLLATE in an expression subject to length coercion
+CREATE TEMP TABLE vctable (f1 varchar(25));
+INSERT INTO vctable VALUES ('foo' COLLATE "C");
+SELECT collation for ('foo'); -- unknown type - null
+ pg_collation_for 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT collation for ('foo'::text);
+ pg_collation_for 
+------------------
+ "default"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT collation for ((SELECT a FROM collate_test1 LIMIT 1)); -- non-collatable type - error
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+SELECT collation for ((SELECT b FROM collate_test1 LIMIT 1));
+ pg_collation_for 
+------------------
+ "C"
+(1 row)
+
+-- old bug with not dropping COLLATE when coercing to non-collatable type
+CREATE VIEW collate_on_int AS
+SELECT c1+1 AS c1p FROM
+  (SELECT ('4' COLLATE "C")::INT AS c1) ss;
+\d+ collate_on_int
+                    View "collate_tests.collate_on_int"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ c1p    | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT ss.c1 + 1 AS c1p
+   FROM ( SELECT 4 AS c1) ss;
+
+-- Check conflicting or redundant options in CREATE COLLATION
+-- LC_COLLATE
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LC_COLLATE = "NONSENSE", LC_CTYPE = "POSIX");
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: ...ATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LC_COLLATE...
+                                                             ^
+-- LC_CTYPE
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_CTYPE = "POSIX", LC_CTYPE = "NONSENSE", LC_COLLATE = "POSIX");
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: ...REATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_CTYPE = "POSIX", LC_CTYPE =...
+                                                             ^
+-- PROVIDER
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (PROVIDER = icu, PROVIDER = NONSENSE, LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LC_CTYPE = "POSIX");
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (PROVIDER = icu, PROVIDER = NO...
+                                                       ^
+-- LOCALE
+CREATE COLLATION case_sensitive (LOCALE = '', LOCALE = "NONSENSE");
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: CREATE COLLATION case_sensitive (LOCALE = '', LOCALE = "NONS...
+                                                      ^
+-- DETERMINISTIC
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (DETERMINISTIC = TRUE, DETERMINISTIC = NONSENSE, LOCALE = '');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: ...ATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (DETERMINISTIC = TRUE, DETERMINIS...
+                                                             ^
+-- VERSION
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (VERSION = '1', VERSION = "NONSENSE", LOCALE = '');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (VERSION = '1', VERSION = "NON...
+                                                      ^
+-- LOCALE conflicts with LC_COLLATE and LC_CTYPE
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LC_CTYPE = "POSIX", LOCALE = '');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+DETAIL:  LOCALE cannot be specified together with LC_COLLATE or LC_CTYPE.
+-- LOCALE conflicts with LC_COLLATE
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LOCALE = '');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+DETAIL:  LOCALE cannot be specified together with LC_COLLATE or LC_CTYPE.
+-- LOCALE conflicts with LC_CTYPE
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_CTYPE = "POSIX", LOCALE = '');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+DETAIL:  LOCALE cannot be specified together with LC_COLLATE or LC_CTYPE.
+-- FROM conflicts with any other option
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (FROM = "C", VERSION = "1");
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+DETAIL:  FROM cannot be specified together with any other options.
+--
+-- Clean up.  Many of these table names will be re-used if the user is
+-- trying to run any platform-specific collation tests later, so we
+-- must get rid of them.
+--
+DROP SCHEMA collate_tests CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 19 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table collate_test1
+drop cascades to table collate_test_like
+drop cascades to table collate_test2
+drop cascades to type testdomain_p
+drop cascades to table collate_test4
+drop cascades to table collate_test5
+drop cascades to table collate_test10
+drop cascades to view collview1
+drop cascades to view collview2
+drop cascades to view collview3
+drop cascades to type testdomain
+drop cascades to function vc(text)
+drop cascades to function dup(anyelement)
+drop cascades to table collate_test20
+drop cascades to table collate_test21
+drop cascades to table collate_test22
+drop cascades to collation mycoll2
+drop cascades to table collate_test23
+drop cascades to view collate_on_int
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/combocid.out b/src/test/regress/expected/combocid.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bf080b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/combocid.out
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+--
+-- Tests for some likely failure cases with combo cmin/cmax mechanism
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE combocidtest (foobar int);
+BEGIN;
+-- a few dummy ops to push up the CommandId counter
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO combocidtest VALUES (2);
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,1) |   10 |      1
+ (0,2) |   11 |      2
+(2 rows)
+
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+UPDATE combocidtest SET foobar = foobar + 10;
+-- here we should see only updated tuples
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,3) |   12 |     11
+ (0,4) |   12 |     12
+(2 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK TO s1;
+-- now we should see old tuples, but with combo CIDs starting at 0
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,1) |    0 |      1
+ (0,2) |    1 |      2
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- combo data is not there anymore, but should still see tuples
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,1) |    0 |      1
+ (0,2) |    1 |      2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test combo CIDs with portals
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest VALUES (333);
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+DELETE FROM combocidtest;
+FETCH ALL FROM c;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,1) |    1 |      1
+ (0,2) |    1 |      2
+ (0,5) |    0 |    333
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,1) |    1 |      1
+ (0,2) |    1 |      2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- check behavior with locked tuples
+BEGIN;
+-- a few dummy ops to push up the CommandId counter
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest VALUES (444);
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,1) |    1 |      1
+ (0,2) |    1 |      2
+ (0,6) |   10 |    444
+(3 rows)
+
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+-- this doesn't affect cmin
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest FOR UPDATE;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,1) |    1 |      1
+ (0,2) |    1 |      2
+ (0,6) |   10 |    444
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,1) |    1 |      1
+ (0,2) |    1 |      2
+ (0,6) |   10 |    444
+(3 rows)
+
+-- but this does
+UPDATE combocidtest SET foobar = foobar + 10;
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,7) |   12 |     11
+ (0,8) |   12 |     12
+ (0,9) |   12 |    454
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK TO s1;
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,1) |   12 |      1
+ (0,2) |   12 |      2
+ (0,6) |    0 |    444
+(3 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+ ctid  | cmin | foobar 
+-------+------+--------
+ (0,1) |   12 |      1
+ (0,2) |   12 |      2
+ (0,6) |    0 |    444
+(3 rows)
+
+-- test for bug reported in
+-- CABRT9RC81YUf1=jsmWopcKJEro=VoeG2ou6sPwyOUTx_qteRsg@mail.gmail.com
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS testcase(
+	id int PRIMARY KEY,
+	balance numeric
+);
+INSERT INTO testcase VALUES (1, 0);
+BEGIN;
+SELECT * FROM testcase WHERE testcase.id = 1 FOR UPDATE;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  1 |       0
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE testcase SET balance = balance + 400 WHERE id=1;
+SAVEPOINT subxact;
+UPDATE testcase SET balance = balance - 100 WHERE id=1;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT subxact;
+-- should return one tuple
+SELECT * FROM testcase WHERE id = 1 FOR UPDATE;
+ id | balance 
+----+---------
+  1 |     400
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TABLE testcase;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/comments.out b/src/test/regress/expected/comments.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33f612e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/comments.out
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+--
+-- COMMENTS
+--
+SELECT 'trailing' AS first; -- trailing single line
+  first   
+----------
+ trailing
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT /* embedded single line */ 'embedded' AS second;
+  second  
+----------
+ embedded
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT /* both embedded and trailing single line */ 'both' AS third; -- trailing single line
+ third 
+-------
+ both
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'before multi-line' AS fourth;
+      fourth       
+-------------------
+ before multi-line
+(1 row)
+
+/* This is an example of SQL which should not execute:
+ * select 'multi-line';
+ */
+SELECT 'after multi-line' AS fifth;
+      fifth       
+------------------
+ after multi-line
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Nested comments
+--
+/*
+SELECT 'trailing' as x1; -- inside block comment
+*/
+/* This block comment surrounds a query which itself has a block comment...
+SELECT /* embedded single line */ 'embedded' AS x2;
+*/
+SELECT -- continued after the following block comments...
+/* Deeply nested comment.
+   This includes a single apostrophe to make sure we aren't decoding this part as a string.
+SELECT 'deep nest' AS n1;
+/* Second level of nesting...
+SELECT 'deeper nest' as n2;
+/* Third level of nesting...
+SELECT 'deepest nest' as n3;
+*/
+Hoo boy. Still two deep...
+*/
+Now just one deep...
+*/
+'deeply nested example' AS sixth;
+         sixth         
+-----------------------
+ deeply nested example
+(1 row)
+
+/* and this is the end of the file */
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/compression.out b/src/test/regress/expected/compression.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c997e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/compression.out
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+\set HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION false
+-- ensure we get stable results regardless of installation's default
+SET default_toast_compression = 'pglz';
+-- test creating table with compression method
+CREATE TABLE cmdata(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+CREATE INDEX idx ON cmdata(f1);
+INSERT INTO cmdata VALUES(repeat('1234567890', 1000));
+\d+ cmdata
+                                        Table "public.cmdata"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | text |           |          |         | extended | pglz        |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "idx" btree (f1)
+
+CREATE TABLE cmdata1(f1 TEXT COMPRESSION lz4);
+INSERT INTO cmdata1 VALUES(repeat('1234567890', 1004));
+\d+ cmdata1
+                                        Table "public.cmdata1"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | text |           |          |         | extended | lz4         |              | 
+
+-- verify stored compression method in the data
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ lz4
+(1 row)
+
+-- decompress data slice
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 200, 5) FROM cmdata;
+ substr 
+--------
+ 01234
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 2000, 50) FROM cmdata1;
+                       substr                       
+----------------------------------------------------
+ 01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+-- copy with table creation
+SELECT * INTO cmmove1 FROM cmdata;
+\d+ cmmove1
+                                        Table "public.cmmove1"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | text |           |          |         | extended |             |              | 
+
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove1;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+(1 row)
+
+-- copy to existing table
+CREATE TABLE cmmove3(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+INSERT INTO cmmove3 SELECT * FROM cmdata;
+INSERT INTO cmmove3 SELECT * FROM cmdata1;
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove3;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+ lz4
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test LIKE INCLUDING COMPRESSION
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (LIKE cmdata1 INCLUDING COMPRESSION);
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                        Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | text |           |          |         | extended | lz4         |              | 
+
+DROP TABLE cmdata2;
+-- try setting compression for incompressible data type
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 int COMPRESSION pglz);
+ERROR:  column data type integer does not support compression
+-- update using datum from different table
+CREATE TABLE cmmove2(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+INSERT INTO cmmove2 VALUES (repeat('1234567890', 1004));
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE cmmove2 SET f1 = cmdata1.f1 FROM cmdata1;
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ lz4
+(1 row)
+
+-- test externally stored compressed data
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION large_val() RETURNS TEXT LANGUAGE SQL AS
+'select array_agg(md5(g::text))::text from generate_series(1, 256) g';
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+INSERT INTO cmdata2 SELECT large_val() || repeat('a', 4000);
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO cmdata1 SELECT large_val() || repeat('a', 4000);
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ lz4
+ lz4
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 200, 5) FROM cmdata1;
+ substr 
+--------
+ 01234
+ 8f14e
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 200, 5) FROM cmdata2;
+ substr 
+--------
+ 8f14e
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE cmdata2;
+--test column type update varlena/non-varlena
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 int);
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                         Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |             |              | 
+
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 TYPE varchar;
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                              Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | character varying |           |          |         | extended |             |              | 
+
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 TYPE int USING f1::integer;
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                         Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |             |              | 
+
+--changing column storage should not impact the compression method
+--but the data should not be compressed
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 TYPE varchar;
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION pglz;
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                              Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | character varying |           |          |         | extended | pglz        |              | 
+
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET STORAGE plain;
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                              Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | character varying |           |          |         | plain   | pglz        |              | 
+
+INSERT INTO cmdata2 VALUES (repeat('123456789', 800));
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- test compression with materialized view
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW compressmv(x) AS SELECT * FROM cmdata1;
+\d+ compressmv
+                                Materialized view "public.compressmv"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ x      | text |           |          |         | extended |             |              | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT cmdata1.f1 AS x
+   FROM cmdata1;
+
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ lz4
+ lz4
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_column_compression(x) FROM compressmv;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ lz4
+ lz4
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test compression with partition
+CREATE TABLE cmpart(f1 text COMPRESSION lz4) PARTITION BY HASH(f1);
+CREATE TABLE cmpart1 PARTITION OF cmpart FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE cmpart2(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+ALTER TABLE cmpart ATTACH PARTITION cmpart2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 1004));
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 4004));
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart1;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ lz4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+(1 row)
+
+-- test compression with inheritance, error
+CREATE TABLE cminh() INHERITS(cmdata, cmdata1);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f1"
+ERROR:  column "f1" has a compression method conflict
+DETAIL:  pglz versus lz4
+CREATE TABLE cminh(f1 TEXT COMPRESSION lz4) INHERITS(cmdata);
+NOTICE:  merging column "f1" with inherited definition
+ERROR:  column "f1" has a compression method conflict
+DETAIL:  pglz versus lz4
+-- test default_toast_compression GUC
+SET default_toast_compression = '';
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "default_toast_compression": ""
+HINT:  Available values: pglz, lz4.
+SET default_toast_compression = 'I do not exist compression';
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "default_toast_compression": "I do not exist compression"
+HINT:  Available values: pglz, lz4.
+SET default_toast_compression = 'lz4';
+SET default_toast_compression = 'pglz';
+-- test alter compression method
+ALTER TABLE cmdata ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION lz4;
+INSERT INTO cmdata VALUES (repeat('123456789', 4004));
+\d+ cmdata
+                                        Table "public.cmdata"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | text |           |          |         | extended | lz4         |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "idx" btree (f1)
+
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+ lz4
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION default;
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                              Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | character varying |           |          |         | plain   |             |              | 
+
+-- test alter compression method for materialized views
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW compressmv ALTER COLUMN x SET COMPRESSION lz4;
+\d+ compressmv
+                                Materialized view "public.compressmv"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ x      | text |           |          |         | extended | lz4         |              | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT cmdata1.f1 AS x
+   FROM cmdata1;
+
+-- test alter compression method for partitioned tables
+ALTER TABLE cmpart1 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION pglz;
+ALTER TABLE cmpart2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION lz4;
+-- new data should be compressed with the current compression method
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 1004));
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 4004));
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart1;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ lz4
+ pglz
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+ lz4
+(2 rows)
+
+-- VACUUM FULL does not recompress
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+ lz4
+(2 rows)
+
+VACUUM FULL cmdata;
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+ lz4
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test expression index
+DROP TABLE cmdata2;
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 TEXT COMPRESSION pglz, f2 TEXT COMPRESSION lz4);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx1 ON cmdata2 ((f1 || f2));
+INSERT INTO cmdata2 VALUES((SELECT array_agg(md5(g::TEXT))::TEXT FROM
+generate_series(1, 50) g), VERSION());
+-- check data is ok
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmdata;
+ length 
+--------
+  10000
+  36036
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+ length 
+--------
+  10040
+  12449
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmmove1;
+ length 
+--------
+  10000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmmove2;
+ length 
+--------
+  10040
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmmove3;
+ length 
+--------
+  10000
+  10040
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE badcompresstbl (a text COMPRESSION I_Do_Not_Exist_Compression); -- fails
+ERROR:  invalid compression method "i_do_not_exist_compression"
+CREATE TABLE badcompresstbl (a text);
+ALTER TABLE badcompresstbl ALTER a SET COMPRESSION I_Do_Not_Exist_Compression; -- fails
+ERROR:  invalid compression method "i_do_not_exist_compression"
+DROP TABLE badcompresstbl;
+\set HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION true
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/compression_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/compression_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0a4764
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/compression_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+\set HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION false
+-- ensure we get stable results regardless of installation's default
+SET default_toast_compression = 'pglz';
+-- test creating table with compression method
+CREATE TABLE cmdata(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+CREATE INDEX idx ON cmdata(f1);
+INSERT INTO cmdata VALUES(repeat('1234567890', 1000));
+\d+ cmdata
+                                        Table "public.cmdata"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | text |           |          |         | extended | pglz        |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "idx" btree (f1)
+
+CREATE TABLE cmdata1(f1 TEXT COMPRESSION lz4);
+ERROR:  compression method lz4 not supported
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with lz4 support.
+INSERT INTO cmdata1 VALUES(repeat('1234567890', 1004));
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO cmdata1 VALUES(repeat('1234567890', 1004));
+                    ^
+\d+ cmdata1
+-- verify stored compression method in the data
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+                                              ^
+-- decompress data slice
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 200, 5) FROM cmdata;
+ substr 
+--------
+ 01234
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 2000, 50) FROM cmdata1;
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 2000, 50) FROM cmdata1;
+                                         ^
+-- copy with table creation
+SELECT * INTO cmmove1 FROM cmdata;
+\d+ cmmove1
+                                        Table "public.cmmove1"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | text |           |          |         | extended |             |              | 
+
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove1;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+(1 row)
+
+-- copy to existing table
+CREATE TABLE cmmove3(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+INSERT INTO cmmove3 SELECT * FROM cmdata;
+INSERT INTO cmmove3 SELECT * FROM cmdata1;
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO cmmove3 SELECT * FROM cmdata1;
+                                          ^
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove3;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+(1 row)
+
+-- test LIKE INCLUDING COMPRESSION
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (LIKE cmdata1 INCLUDING COMPRESSION);
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (LIKE cmdata1 INCLUDING COMPRESSION);
+                                   ^
+\d+ cmdata2
+DROP TABLE cmdata2;
+ERROR:  table "cmdata2" does not exist
+-- try setting compression for incompressible data type
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 int COMPRESSION pglz);
+ERROR:  column data type integer does not support compression
+-- update using datum from different table
+CREATE TABLE cmmove2(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+INSERT INTO cmmove2 VALUES (repeat('1234567890', 1004));
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE cmmove2 SET f1 = cmdata1.f1 FROM cmdata1;
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: UPDATE cmmove2 SET f1 = cmdata1.f1 FROM cmdata1;
+                                                ^
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+(1 row)
+
+-- test externally stored compressed data
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION large_val() RETURNS TEXT LANGUAGE SQL AS
+'select array_agg(md5(g::text))::text from generate_series(1, 256) g';
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+INSERT INTO cmdata2 SELECT large_val() || repeat('a', 4000);
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO cmdata1 SELECT large_val() || repeat('a', 4000);
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO cmdata1 SELECT large_val() || repeat('a', 4000);
+                    ^
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+                                              ^
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 200, 5) FROM cmdata1;
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 200, 5) FROM cmdata1;
+                                       ^
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 200, 5) FROM cmdata2;
+ substr 
+--------
+ 8f14e
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE cmdata2;
+--test column type update varlena/non-varlena
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 int);
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                         Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |             |              | 
+
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 TYPE varchar;
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                              Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | character varying |           |          |         | extended |             |              | 
+
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 TYPE int USING f1::integer;
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                         Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |             |              | 
+
+--changing column storage should not impact the compression method
+--but the data should not be compressed
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 TYPE varchar;
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION pglz;
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                              Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | character varying |           |          |         | extended | pglz        |              | 
+
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET STORAGE plain;
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                              Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | character varying |           |          |         | plain   | pglz        |              | 
+
+INSERT INTO cmdata2 VALUES (repeat('123456789', 800));
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- test compression with materialized view
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW compressmv(x) AS SELECT * FROM cmdata1;
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: ...TE MATERIALIZED VIEW compressmv(x) AS SELECT * FROM cmdata1;
+                                                               ^
+\d+ compressmv
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+                                              ^
+SELECT pg_column_compression(x) FROM compressmv;
+ERROR:  relation "compressmv" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT pg_column_compression(x) FROM compressmv;
+                                             ^
+-- test compression with partition
+CREATE TABLE cmpart(f1 text COMPRESSION lz4) PARTITION BY HASH(f1);
+ERROR:  compression method lz4 not supported
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with lz4 support.
+CREATE TABLE cmpart1 PARTITION OF cmpart FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+ERROR:  relation "cmpart" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE cmpart2(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+ALTER TABLE cmpart ATTACH PARTITION cmpart2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+ERROR:  relation "cmpart" does not exist
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 1004));
+ERROR:  relation "cmpart" does not exist
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 1004));
+                    ^
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 4004));
+ERROR:  relation "cmpart" does not exist
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 4004));
+                    ^
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart1;
+ERROR:  relation "cmpart1" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart1;
+                                              ^
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- test compression with inheritance, error
+CREATE TABLE cminh() INHERITS(cmdata, cmdata1);
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE cminh(f1 TEXT COMPRESSION lz4) INHERITS(cmdata);
+NOTICE:  merging column "f1" with inherited definition
+ERROR:  column "f1" has a compression method conflict
+DETAIL:  pglz versus lz4
+-- test default_toast_compression GUC
+SET default_toast_compression = '';
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "default_toast_compression": ""
+HINT:  Available values: pglz.
+SET default_toast_compression = 'I do not exist compression';
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "default_toast_compression": "I do not exist compression"
+HINT:  Available values: pglz.
+SET default_toast_compression = 'lz4';
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "default_toast_compression": "lz4"
+HINT:  Available values: pglz.
+SET default_toast_compression = 'pglz';
+-- test alter compression method
+ALTER TABLE cmdata ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION lz4;
+ERROR:  compression method lz4 not supported
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with lz4 support.
+INSERT INTO cmdata VALUES (repeat('123456789', 4004));
+\d+ cmdata
+                                        Table "public.cmdata"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | text |           |          |         | extended | pglz        |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "idx" btree (f1)
+
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+ pglz
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION default;
+\d+ cmdata2
+                                              Table "public.cmdata2"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Compression | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | character varying |           |          |         | plain   |             |              | 
+
+-- test alter compression method for materialized views
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW compressmv ALTER COLUMN x SET COMPRESSION lz4;
+ERROR:  relation "compressmv" does not exist
+\d+ compressmv
+-- test alter compression method for partitioned tables
+ALTER TABLE cmpart1 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION pglz;
+ERROR:  relation "cmpart1" does not exist
+ALTER TABLE cmpart2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION lz4;
+ERROR:  compression method lz4 not supported
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with lz4 support.
+-- new data should be compressed with the current compression method
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 1004));
+ERROR:  relation "cmpart" does not exist
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 1004));
+                    ^
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 4004));
+ERROR:  relation "cmpart" does not exist
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 4004));
+                    ^
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart1;
+ERROR:  relation "cmpart1" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart1;
+                                              ^
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart2;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- VACUUM FULL does not recompress
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+ pglz
+(2 rows)
+
+VACUUM FULL cmdata;
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+ pg_column_compression 
+-----------------------
+ pglz
+ pglz
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test expression index
+DROP TABLE cmdata2;
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 TEXT COMPRESSION pglz, f2 TEXT COMPRESSION lz4);
+ERROR:  compression method lz4 not supported
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with lz4 support.
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx1 ON cmdata2 ((f1 || f2));
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata2" does not exist
+INSERT INTO cmdata2 VALUES((SELECT array_agg(md5(g::TEXT))::TEXT FROM
+generate_series(1, 50) g), VERSION());
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata2" does not exist
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO cmdata2 VALUES((SELECT array_agg(md5(g::TEXT))::...
+                    ^
+-- check data is ok
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmdata;
+ length 
+--------
+  10000
+  36036
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+ERROR:  relation "cmdata1" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT length(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+                               ^
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmmove1;
+ length 
+--------
+  10000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmmove2;
+ length 
+--------
+  10040
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmmove3;
+ length 
+--------
+  10000
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE badcompresstbl (a text COMPRESSION I_Do_Not_Exist_Compression); -- fails
+ERROR:  invalid compression method "i_do_not_exist_compression"
+CREATE TABLE badcompresstbl (a text);
+ALTER TABLE badcompresstbl ALTER a SET COMPRESSION I_Do_Not_Exist_Compression; -- fails
+ERROR:  invalid compression method "i_do_not_exist_compression"
+DROP TABLE badcompresstbl;
+\set HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION true
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/constraints.out b/src/test/regress/expected/constraints.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6f6602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/constraints.out
@@ -0,0 +1,789 @@
+--
+-- CONSTRAINTS
+-- Constraints can be specified with:
+--  - DEFAULT clause
+--  - CHECK clauses
+--  - PRIMARY KEY clauses
+--  - UNIQUE clauses
+--  - EXCLUDE clauses
+--
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+--
+-- DEFAULT syntax
+--
+CREATE TABLE DEFAULT_TBL (i int DEFAULT 100,
+	x text DEFAULT 'vadim', f float8 DEFAULT 123.456);
+INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'thomas', 57.0613);
+INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'bruce');
+INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (i, f) VALUES (2, 987.654);
+INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (x) VALUES ('marc');
+INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (3, null, 1.0);
+SELECT * FROM DEFAULT_TBL;
+  i  |   x    |    f    
+-----+--------+---------
+   1 | thomas | 57.0613
+   1 | bruce  | 123.456
+   2 | vadim  | 987.654
+ 100 | marc   | 123.456
+   3 |        |       1
+(5 rows)
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE DEFAULT_SEQ;
+CREATE TABLE DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1 int DEFAULT 100 + (200-199) * 2,
+	i2 int DEFAULT nextval('default_seq'));
+INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL VALUES (-1, -2);
+INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1) VALUES (-3);
+INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (-4);
+INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (NULL);
+SELECT * FROM DEFAULTEXPR_TBL;
+ i1  | i2 
+-----+----
+  -1 | -2
+  -3 |  1
+ 102 | -4
+ 102 |   
+(4 rows)
+
+-- syntax errors
+--  test for extraneous comma
+CREATE TABLE error_tbl (i int DEFAULT (100, ));
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ")"
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE error_tbl (i int DEFAULT (100, ));
+                                                    ^
+--  this will fail because gram.y uses b_expr not a_expr for defaults,
+--  to avoid a shift/reduce conflict that arises from NOT NULL being
+--  part of the column definition syntax:
+CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT 1 IN (1, 2));
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "IN"
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT 1 IN (1, 2));
+                                                  ^
+--  this should work, however:
+CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT (1 IN (1, 2)));
+DROP TABLE error_tbl;
+--
+-- CHECK syntax
+--
+CREATE TABLE CHECK_TBL (x int,
+	CONSTRAINT CHECK_CON CHECK (x > 3));
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (5);
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (4);
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (3);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (3).
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (2);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2).
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (6);
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (1);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1).
+SELECT * FROM CHECK_TBL;
+ x 
+---
+ 5
+ 4
+ 6
+(3 rows)
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE CHECK_SEQ;
+CREATE TABLE CHECK2_TBL (x int, y text, z int,
+	CONSTRAINT SEQUENCE_CON
+	CHECK (x > 3 and y <> 'check failed' and z < 8));
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (4, 'check ok', -2);
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (1, 'x check failed', -2);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, x check failed, -2).
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (5, 'z check failed', 10);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (5, z check failed, 10).
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (0, 'check failed', -2);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, check failed, -2).
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (6, 'check failed', 11);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (6, check failed, 11).
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (7, 'check ok', 7);
+SELECT * from CHECK2_TBL;
+ x |    y     | z  
+---+----------+----
+ 4 | check ok | -2
+ 7 | check ok |  7
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check constraints on INSERT
+--
+CREATE SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ;
+CREATE TABLE INSERT_TBL (x INT DEFAULT nextval('insert_seq'),
+	y TEXT DEFAULT '-NULL-',
+	z INT DEFAULT -1 * currval('insert_seq'),
+	CONSTRAINT INSERT_TBL_CON CHECK (x >= 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 8),
+	CHECK (x + z = 0));
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (2, -2);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2, -NULL-, -2).
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+ x | y | z 
+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT 'one' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
+ one | nextval 
+-----+---------
+ one |       1
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2, Y, -2).
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (1, -2);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, -NULL-, -2).
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(z,x) VALUES (-7,  7);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (5, 'check failed', -5);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (5, check failed, -5).
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (7, '!check failed', -7);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+ x |       y       | z  
+---+---------------+----
+ 3 | Y             | -3
+ 7 | -NULL-        | -7
+ 7 | !check failed | -7
+ 4 | -!NULL-       | -4
+(4 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) VALUES ('check failed', 4);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (5, check failed, 4).
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, 'check failed');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (5, check failed, -5).
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, '!check failed');
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+ x |       y       | z  
+---+---------------+----
+ 3 | Y             | -3
+ 7 | -NULL-        | -7
+ 7 | !check failed | -7
+ 4 | -!NULL-       | -4
+ 5 | !check failed | -5
+ 6 | -!NULL-       | -6
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT 'seven' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
+  one  | nextval 
+-------+---------
+ seven |       7
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (8, Y, -8).
+SELECT 'eight' AS one, currval('insert_seq');
+  one  | currval 
+-------+---------
+ eight |       8
+(1 row)
+
+-- According to SQL, it is OK to insert a record that gives rise to NULL
+-- constraint-condition results.  Postgres used to reject this, but it
+-- was wrong:
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (null, null, null);
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+ x |       y       | z  
+---+---------------+----
+ 3 | Y             | -3
+ 7 | -NULL-        | -7
+ 7 | !check failed | -7
+ 4 | -!NULL-       | -4
+ 5 | !check failed | -5
+ 6 | -!NULL-       | -6
+   |               |   
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check constraints on system columns
+--
+CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
+                  altitude int,
+                  CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND tableoid::regclass::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
+INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Seattle', 'Washington', false, 100);
+INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Olympia', 'Washington', true, 100);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "sys_col_check_tbl" violates check constraint "sys_col_check_tbl_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (Olympia, Washington, t, 100).
+SELECT *, tableoid::regclass::text FROM SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
+  city   |   state    | is_capital | altitude |     tableoid      
+---------+------------+------------+----------+-------------------
+ Seattle | Washington | f          |      100 | sys_col_check_tbl
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
+--
+-- Check constraints on system columns other then TableOid should return error
+--
+CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
+                  altitude int,
+				  CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND ctid::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
+ERROR:  system column "ctid" reference in check constraint is invalid
+LINE 3:       CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND ctid::text = 'sys_col_check...
+                                         ^
+--
+-- Check inheritance of defaults and constraints
+--
+CREATE TABLE INSERT_CHILD (cx INT default 42,
+	cy INT CHECK (cy > x))
+	INHERITS (INSERT_TBL);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,11);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,6);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_child_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (7, -NULL-, -7, 42, 6).
+INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (6,-7,7);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (6, -NULL-, -7, 42, 7).
+INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,y,z,cy) VALUES (6,'check failed',-6,7);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (6, check failed, -6, 42, 7).
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_CHILD;
+ x |   y    | z  | cx | cy 
+---+--------+----+----+----
+ 7 | -NULL- | -7 | 42 | 11
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE INSERT_CHILD;
+--
+-- Check NO INHERIT type of constraints and inheritance
+--
+CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT
+	CHECK (TEST > 0) NO INHERIT);
+CREATE TABLE ATACC2 (TEST2 INT) INHERITS (ATACC1);
+-- check constraint is not there on child
+INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
+-- check constraint is there on parent
+INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_test_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-3).
+DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table atacc2
+CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT, TEST2 INT
+	CHECK (TEST > 0), CHECK (TEST2 > 10) NO INHERIT);
+CREATE TABLE ATACC2 () INHERITS (ATACC1);
+-- check constraint is there on child
+INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc2" violates check constraint "atacc1_test_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-3, null).
+-- check constraint is there on parent
+INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_test_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-3, null).
+-- check constraint is not there on child
+INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
+-- check constraint is there on parent
+INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_test2_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, 3).
+DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table atacc2
+--
+-- Check constraints on INSERT INTO
+--
+DELETE FROM INSERT_TBL;
+ALTER SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ RESTART WITH 4;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp (xd INT, yd TEXT, zd INT);
+INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'Y', null);
+INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (5, '!check failed', null);
+INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'try again', null);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) select yd from tmp;
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+ x |       y       | z  
+---+---------------+----
+ 4 | Y             | -4
+ 5 | !check failed | -5
+ 6 | try again     | -6
+(3 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL SELECT * FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -7 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -8 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (8, try again, -8).
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+ x |       y       | z  
+---+---------------+----
+ 4 | Y             | -4
+ 5 | !check failed | -5
+ 6 | try again     | -6
+   | try again     |   
+ 7 | try again     | -7
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE tmp;
+--
+-- Check constraints on UPDATE
+--
+UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = NULL WHERE x = 5;
+UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = 6 WHERE x = 6;
+UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = -z, z = -x;
+UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = z, z = x;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-4, Y, 4).
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+ x |       y       | z  
+---+---------------+----
+ 4 | Y             | -4
+   | try again     |   
+ 7 | try again     | -7
+ 5 | !check failed |   
+ 6 | try again     | -6
+(5 rows)
+
+-- DROP TABLE INSERT_TBL;
+--
+-- Check constraints on COPY FROM
+--
+CREATE TABLE COPY_TBL (x INT, y TEXT, z INT,
+	CONSTRAINT COPY_CON
+	CHECK (x > 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 7 ));
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/constro.data'
+COPY COPY_TBL FROM :'filename';
+SELECT * FROM COPY_TBL;
+ x |       y       | z 
+---+---------------+---
+ 4 | !check failed | 5
+ 6 | OK            | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/constrf.data'
+COPY COPY_TBL FROM :'filename';
+ERROR:  new row for relation "copy_tbl" violates check constraint "copy_con"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (7, check failed, 6).
+CONTEXT:  COPY copy_tbl, line 2: "7	check failed	6"
+SELECT * FROM COPY_TBL;
+ x |       y       | z 
+---+---------------+---
+ 4 | !check failed | 5
+ 6 | OK            | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Primary keys
+--
+CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int PRIMARY KEY, t text);
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "primary_tbl_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(1) already exists.
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
+ERROR:  null value in column "i" of relation "primary_tbl" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, six).
+SELECT * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
+ i |   t   
+---+-------
+ 1 | one
+ 2 | two
+ 4 | three
+ 5 | one
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int, t text,
+	PRIMARY KEY(i,t));
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
+ERROR:  null value in column "i" of relation "primary_tbl" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, six).
+SELECT * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
+ i |   t   
+---+-------
+ 1 | one
+ 2 | two
+ 1 | three
+ 4 | three
+ 5 | one
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
+--
+-- Unique keys
+--
+CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int UNIQUE, t text);
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(1) already exists.
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (4, 'four');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('seven');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'five-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'five-upsert-update';
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (6, 'six-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'six-upsert-update';
+-- should fail
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (2, 'b') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'fails';
+ERROR:  ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE command cannot affect row a second time
+HINT:  Ensure that no rows proposed for insertion within the same command have duplicate constrained values.
+SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
+ i |         t          
+---+--------------------
+ 1 | one
+ 2 | two
+ 4 | four
+   | six
+   | seven
+ 5 | five-upsert-update
+ 6 | six-upsert-insert
+(7 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int UNIQUE NULLS NOT DISTINCT, t text);
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');  -- fail
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(1) already exists.
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (4, 'four');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('seven');  -- fail
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(null) already exists.
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('eight') ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;  -- no-op
+SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
+ i |  t   
+---+------
+ 1 | one
+ 2 | two
+ 4 | four
+ 5 | one
+   | six
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int, t text,
+	UNIQUE(i,t));
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_t_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (i, t)=(1, one) already exists.
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
+SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
+ i |   t   
+---+-------
+ 1 | one
+ 2 | two
+ 1 | three
+ 5 | one
+   | six
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
+--
+-- Deferrable unique constraints
+--
+CREATE TABLE unique_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE, t text);
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (0, 'one');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'two');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (2, 'tree');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'four');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (4, 'five');
+BEGIN;
+-- default is immediate so this should fail right away
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 1 WHERE i = 0;
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(1) already exists.
+ROLLBACK;
+-- check is done at end of statement, so this should succeed
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = i+1;
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+ i |  t   
+---+------
+ 1 | one
+ 2 | two
+ 3 | tree
+ 4 | four
+ 5 | five
+(5 rows)
+
+-- explicitly defer the constraint
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS unique_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'three');
+DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'tree'; -- makes constraint valid again
+COMMIT; -- should succeed
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+ i |   t   
+---+-------
+ 1 | one
+ 2 | two
+ 4 | four
+ 5 | five
+ 3 | three
+(5 rows)
+
+-- try adding an initially deferred constraint
+ALTER TABLE unique_tbl DROP CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key;
+ALTER TABLE unique_tbl ADD CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key
+	UNIQUE (i) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'five');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (5, 'one');
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 4 WHERE i = 2;
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 2 WHERE i = 4 AND t = 'four';
+DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 1 AND t = 'one';
+DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 5 AND t = 'five';
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+ i |   t   
+---+-------
+ 3 | three
+ 1 | five
+ 5 | one
+ 4 | two
+ 2 | four
+(5 rows)
+
+-- should fail at commit-time
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
+COMMIT; -- should fail
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(3) already exists.
+-- make constraint check immediate
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should fail
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(3) already exists.
+COMMIT;
+-- forced check when SET CONSTRAINTS is called
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE; -- should fail
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(3) already exists.
+COMMIT;
+-- test deferrable UNIQUE with a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE) partition by range (i);
+CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_1 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_2 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+SELECT conname, conrelid::regclass FROM pg_constraint
+  WHERE conname LIKE 'parted_uniq%' ORDER BY conname;
+         conname         |     conrelid      
+-------------------------+-------------------
+ parted_uniq_tbl_1_i_key | parted_uniq_tbl_1
+ parted_uniq_tbl_2_i_key | parted_uniq_tbl_2
+ parted_uniq_tbl_i_key   | parted_uniq_tbl
+(3 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);
+SAVEPOINT f;
+INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);	-- unique violation
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "parted_uniq_tbl_1_i_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(1) already exists.
+ROLLBACK TO f;
+SET CONSTRAINTS parted_uniq_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);	-- OK now, fail at commit
+COMMIT;
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "parted_uniq_tbl_1_i_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(1) already exists.
+DROP TABLE parted_uniq_tbl;
+-- test naming a constraint in a partition when a conflict exists
+CREATE TABLE parted_fk_naming (
+    id bigint NOT NULL default 1,
+    id_abc bigint,
+    CONSTRAINT dummy_constr FOREIGN KEY (id_abc)
+        REFERENCES parted_fk_naming (id),
+    PRIMARY KEY (id)
+)
+PARTITION BY LIST (id);
+CREATE TABLE parted_fk_naming_1 (
+    id bigint NOT NULL default 1,
+    id_abc bigint,
+    PRIMARY KEY (id),
+    CONSTRAINT dummy_constr CHECK (true)
+);
+ALTER TABLE parted_fk_naming ATTACH PARTITION parted_fk_naming_1 FOR VALUES IN ('1');
+SELECT conname FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'parted_fk_naming_1'::regclass AND contype = 'f';
+            conname             
+--------------------------------
+ parted_fk_naming_1_id_abc_fkey
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE parted_fk_naming;
+-- test a HOT update that invalidates the conflicting tuple.
+-- the trigger should still fire and catch the violation
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'THREE' WHERE i = 3 AND t = 'Three';
+COMMIT; -- should fail
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(3) already exists.
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+ i |   t   
+---+-------
+ 3 | three
+ 1 | five
+ 5 | one
+ 4 | two
+ 2 | four
+(5 rows)
+
+-- test a HOT update that modifies the newly inserted tuple,
+-- but should succeed because we then remove the other conflicting tuple.
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES(3, 'tree'); -- should succeed for now
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'threex' WHERE t = 'tree';
+DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'three';
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+ i |   t    
+---+--------
+ 1 | five
+ 5 | one
+ 4 | two
+ 2 | four
+ 3 | threex
+(5 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+ i |   t    
+---+--------
+ 1 | five
+ 5 | one
+ 4 | two
+ 2 | four
+ 3 | threex
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE unique_tbl;
+--
+-- EXCLUDE constraints
+--
+CREATE TABLE circles (
+  c1 CIRCLE,
+  c2 TEXT,
+  EXCLUDE USING gist
+    (c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&)
+    WHERE (circle_center(c1) <> '(0,0)')
+);
+-- these should succeed because they don't match the index predicate
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 5>');
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 4>');
+-- succeed
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(10,10), 10>', '<(0,0), 5>');
+-- fail, overlaps
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>');
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "circles_c1_c2_excl"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(20,20),10>, <(0,0),4>) conflicts with existing key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(10,10),10>, <(0,0),5>).
+-- succeed, because violation is ignored
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
+  ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO NOTHING;
+-- fail, because DO UPDATE variant requires unique index
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
+  ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO UPDATE SET c2 = EXCLUDED.c2;
+ERROR:  ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE not supported with exclusion constraints
+-- succeed because c1 doesn't overlap
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 1>', '<(0,0), 5>');
+-- succeed because c2 doesn't overlap
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(10,10), 5>');
+-- should fail on existing data without the WHERE clause
+ALTER TABLE circles ADD EXCLUDE USING gist
+  (c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&);
+ERROR:  could not create exclusion constraint "circles_c1_c2_excl1"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(0,0),5>, <(0,0),5>) conflicts with key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(0,0),5>, <(0,0),4>).
+-- try reindexing an existing constraint
+REINDEX INDEX circles_c1_c2_excl;
+DROP TABLE circles;
+-- Check deferred exclusion constraint
+CREATE TABLE deferred_excl (
+  f1 int,
+  f2 int,
+  CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =) INITIALLY DEFERRED
+);
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1);
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2);
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1); -- fail
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_con"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(1) conflicts with existing key (f1)=(1).
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con DO NOTHING; -- fail
+ERROR:  ON CONFLICT does not support deferrable unique constraints/exclusion constraints as arbiters
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2); -- no fail here
+COMMIT; -- should fail here
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_con"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(2) conflicts with existing key (f1)=(2).
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3);
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3); -- no fail here
+COMMIT; -- should fail here
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_con"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(3) conflicts with existing key (f1)=(3).
+-- bug #13148: deferred constraint versus HOT update
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2, 1); -- no fail here
+DELETE FROM deferred_excl WHERE f1 = 2 AND f2 IS NULL; -- remove old row
+UPDATE deferred_excl SET f2 = 2 WHERE f1 = 2;
+COMMIT; -- should not fail
+SELECT * FROM deferred_excl;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 |   
+  2 |  2
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE deferred_excl DROP CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con;
+-- This should fail, but worth testing because of HOT updates
+UPDATE deferred_excl SET f1 = 3;
+ALTER TABLE deferred_excl ADD EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =);
+ERROR:  could not create exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_f1_excl"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(3) conflicts with key (f1)=(3).
+DROP TABLE deferred_excl;
+-- Comments
+-- Setup a low-level role to enforce non-superuser checks.
+CREATE ROLE regress_constraint_comments;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_constraint_comments;
+CREATE TABLE constraint_comments_tbl (a int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (a > 0));
+CREATE DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom AS int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (value > 0);
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
+-- no such constraint
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
+ERROR:  constraint "no_constraint" for table "constraint_comments_tbl" does not exist
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
+ERROR:  constraint "no_constraint" for domain constraint_comments_dom does not exist
+-- no such table/domain
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON no_comments_tbl IS 'bad comment';
+ERROR:  relation "no_comments_tbl" does not exist
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN no_comments_dom IS 'another bad comment';
+ERROR:  type "no_comments_dom" does not exist
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS NULL;
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS NULL;
+-- unauthorized user
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'no, the comment';
+ERROR:  must be owner of relation constraint_comments_tbl
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'no, another comment';
+ERROR:  must be owner of type constraint_comments_dom
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE constraint_comments_tbl;
+DROP DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom;
+DROP ROLE regress_constraint_comments;
+DROP ROLE regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/conversion.out b/src/test/regress/expected/conversion.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..442e7af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/conversion.out
@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+--
+-- create user defined conversion
+--
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+CREATE FUNCTION test_enc_conversion(bytea, name, name, bool, validlen OUT int, result OUT bytea)
+    AS :'regresslib', 'test_enc_conversion'
+    LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+CREATE USER regress_conversion_user WITH NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_conversion_user;
+CREATE CONVERSION myconv FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+--
+-- cannot make same name conversion in same schema
+--
+CREATE CONVERSION myconv FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+ERROR:  conversion "myconv" already exists
+--
+-- create default conversion with qualified name
+--
+CREATE DEFAULT CONVERSION public.mydef FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+--
+-- cannot make default conversion with same schema/for_encoding/to_encoding
+--
+CREATE DEFAULT CONVERSION public.mydef2 FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+ERROR:  default conversion for LATIN1 to UTF8 already exists
+-- test comments
+COMMENT ON CONVERSION myconv_bad IS 'foo';
+ERROR:  conversion "myconv_bad" does not exist
+COMMENT ON CONVERSION myconv IS 'bar';
+COMMENT ON CONVERSION myconv IS NULL;
+--
+-- drop user defined conversion
+--
+DROP CONVERSION myconv;
+DROP CONVERSION mydef;
+--
+-- Note: the built-in conversions are exercised in opr_sanity.sql,
+-- so there's no need to do that here.
+--
+--
+-- return to the superuser
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP USER regress_conversion_user;
+--
+-- Test built-in conversion functions.
+--
+-- Helper function to test a conversion. Uses the test_enc_conversion function
+-- that was created in the create_function_0 test.
+create or replace function test_conv(
+  input IN bytea,
+  src_encoding IN text,
+  dst_encoding IN text,
+  result OUT bytea,
+  errorat OUT bytea,
+  error OUT text)
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+  validlen int;
+begin
+  -- First try to perform the conversion with noError = false. If that errors out,
+  -- capture the error message, and try again with noError = true. The second call
+  -- should succeed and return the position of the error, return that too.
+  begin
+    select * into validlen, result from test_enc_conversion(input, src_encoding, dst_encoding, false);
+    errorat = NULL;
+    error := NULL;
+  exception when others then
+    error := sqlerrm;
+    select * into validlen, result from test_enc_conversion(input, src_encoding, dst_encoding, true);
+    errorat = substr(input, validlen + 1);
+  end;
+  return;
+end;
+$$;
+--
+-- UTF-8
+--
+-- The description column must be unique.
+CREATE TABLE utf8_verification_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text PRIMARY KEY);
+insert into utf8_verification_inputs  values
+  ('\x66006f',	'NUL byte'),
+  ('\xaf',		'bare continuation'),
+  ('\xc5',		'missing second byte in 2-byte char'),
+  ('\xc080',	'smallest 2-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xc1bf',	'largest 2-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xc280',	'next 2-byte after overlongs'),
+  ('\xdfbf',	'largest 2-byte'),
+  ('\xe9af',	'missing third byte in 3-byte char'),
+  ('\xe08080',	'smallest 3-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xe09fbf',	'largest 3-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xe0a080',	'next 3-byte after overlong'),
+  ('\xed9fbf',	'last before surrogates'),
+  ('\xeda080',	'smallest surrogate'),
+  ('\xedbfbf',	'largest surrogate'),
+  ('\xee8080',	'next after surrogates'),
+  ('\xefbfbf',	'largest 3-byte'),
+  ('\xf1afbf',	'missing fourth byte in 4-byte char'),
+  ('\xf0808080',	'smallest 4-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xf08fbfbf',	'largest 4-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xf0908080',	'next 4-byte after overlong'),
+  ('\xf48fbfbf',	'largest 4-byte'),
+  ('\xf4908080',	'smallest too large'),
+  ('\xfa9a9a8a8a',	'5-byte');
+-- Test UTF-8 verification slow path
+select description, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'utf8')).* from utf8_verification_inputs;
+            description             |   result   |   errorat    |                             error                              
+------------------------------------+------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ NUL byte                           | \x66       | \x006f       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x00
+ bare continuation                  | \x         | \xaf         | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xaf
+ missing second byte in 2-byte char | \x         | \xc5         | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xc5
+ smallest 2-byte overlong           | \x         | \xc080       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xc0 0x80
+ largest 2-byte overlong            | \x         | \xc1bf       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xc1 0xbf
+ next 2-byte after overlongs        | \xc280     |              | 
+ largest 2-byte                     | \xdfbf     |              | 
+ missing third byte in 3-byte char  | \x         | \xe9af       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe9 0xaf
+ smallest 3-byte overlong           | \x         | \xe08080     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe0 0x80 0x80
+ largest 3-byte overlong            | \x         | \xe09fbf     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe0 0x9f 0xbf
+ next 3-byte after overlong         | \xe0a080   |              | 
+ last before surrogates             | \xed9fbf   |              | 
+ smallest surrogate                 | \x         | \xeda080     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xed 0xa0 0x80
+ largest surrogate                  | \x         | \xedbfbf     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xed 0xbf 0xbf
+ next after surrogates              | \xee8080   |              | 
+ largest 3-byte                     | \xefbfbf   |              | 
+ missing fourth byte in 4-byte char | \x         | \xf1afbf     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xf1 0xaf 0xbf
+ smallest 4-byte overlong           | \x         | \xf0808080   | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xf0 0x80 0x80 0x80
+ largest 4-byte overlong            | \x         | \xf08fbfbf   | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xf0 0x8f 0xbf 0xbf
+ next 4-byte after overlong         | \xf0908080 |              | 
+ largest 4-byte                     | \xf48fbfbf |              | 
+ smallest too large                 | \x         | \xf4908080   | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xf4 0x90 0x80 0x80
+ 5-byte                             | \x         | \xfa9a9a8a8a | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xfa
+(23 rows)
+
+-- Test UTF-8 verification with ASCII padding appended to provide
+-- coverage for algorithms that work on multiple bytes at a time.
+-- The error message for a sequence starting with a 4-byte lead
+-- will contain all 4 bytes if they are present, so various
+-- expressions below add 3 ASCII bytes to the end to ensure
+-- consistent error messages.
+-- The number 64 below needs to be at least the value of STRIDE_LENGTH in wchar.c.
+-- Test multibyte verification in fast path
+with test_bytes as (
+  select
+    inbytes,
+    description,
+    (test_conv(inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from utf8_verification_inputs
+), test_padded as (
+  select
+    description,
+    (test_conv(inbytes || repeat('.', 64)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from test_bytes
+)
+select
+  description,
+  b.error as orig_error,
+  p.error as error_after_padding
+from test_padded p
+join test_bytes b
+using (description)
+where p.error is distinct from b.error
+order by description;
+ description | orig_error | error_after_padding 
+-------------+------------+---------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test ASCII verification in fast path where incomplete
+-- UTF-8 sequences fall at the end of the preceding chunk.
+with test_bytes as (
+  select
+    inbytes,
+    description,
+    (test_conv(inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from utf8_verification_inputs
+), test_padded as (
+  select
+    description,
+    (test_conv(repeat('.', 64 - length(inbytes))::bytea || inbytes || repeat('.', 64)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from test_bytes
+)
+select
+  description,
+  b.error as orig_error,
+  p.error as error_after_padding
+from test_padded p
+join test_bytes b
+using (description)
+where p.error is distinct from b.error
+order by description;
+ description | orig_error | error_after_padding 
+-------------+------------+---------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test cases where UTF-8 sequences within short text
+-- come after the fast path returns.
+with test_bytes as (
+  select
+    inbytes,
+    description,
+    (test_conv(inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from utf8_verification_inputs
+), test_padded as (
+  select
+    description,
+    (test_conv(repeat('.', 64)::bytea || inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from test_bytes
+)
+select
+  description,
+  b.error as orig_error,
+  p.error as error_after_padding
+from test_padded p
+join test_bytes b
+using (description)
+where p.error is distinct from b.error
+order by description;
+ description | orig_error | error_after_padding 
+-------------+------------+---------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test cases where incomplete UTF-8 sequences fall at the
+-- end of the part checked by the fast path.
+with test_bytes as (
+  select
+    inbytes,
+    description,
+    (test_conv(inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from utf8_verification_inputs
+), test_padded as (
+  select
+    description,
+    (test_conv(repeat('.', 64 - length(inbytes))::bytea || inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from test_bytes
+)
+select
+  description,
+  b.error as orig_error,
+  p.error as error_after_padding
+from test_padded p
+join test_bytes b
+using (description)
+where p.error is distinct from b.error
+order by description;
+ description | orig_error | error_after_padding 
+-------------+------------+---------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE utf8_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into utf8_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\xc3a4c3b6',	'valid, extra latin chars'),
+  ('\xd184d0bed0be',	'valid, cyrillic'),
+  ('\x666f6fe8b1a1',	'valid, kanji/Chinese'),
+  ('\xe382abe3829a',	'valid, two chars that combine to one in EUC_JIS_2004'),
+  ('\xe382ab',		'only first half of combined char in EUC_JIS_2004'),
+  ('\xe382abe382',	'incomplete combination when converted EUC_JIS_2004'),
+  ('\xecbd94eb81bceba6ac', 'valid, Hangul, Korean'),
+  ('\x666f6fefa8aa',	'valid, needs mapping function to convert to GB18030'),
+  ('\x66e8b1ff6f6f',	'invalid byte sequence'),
+  ('\x66006f',		'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6fe8b100',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6fe8b1',	'incomplete character at end');
+-- Test UTF-8 verification
+select description, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'utf8')).* from utf8_inputs;
+                     description                      |        result        |   errorat    |                           error                           
+------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                                    | \x666f6f             |              | 
+ valid, extra latin chars                             | \xc3a4c3b6           |              | 
+ valid, cyrillic                                      | \xd184d0bed0be       |              | 
+ valid, kanji/Chinese                                 | \x666f6fe8b1a1       |              | 
+ valid, two chars that combine to one in EUC_JIS_2004 | \xe382abe3829a       |              | 
+ only first half of combined char in EUC_JIS_2004     | \xe382ab             |              | 
+ incomplete combination when converted EUC_JIS_2004   | \xe382ab             | \xe382       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe3 0x82
+ valid, Hangul, Korean                                | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac |              | 
+ valid, needs mapping function to convert to GB18030  | \x666f6fefa8aa       |              | 
+ invalid byte sequence                                | \x66                 | \xe8b1ff6f6f | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0xff
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x66                 | \x006f       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x666f6f             | \xe8b100     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0x00
+ incomplete character at end                          | \x666f6f             | \xe8b1       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1
+(13 rows)
+
+-- Test conversions from UTF-8
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'euc_jis_2004')).* from utf8_inputs;
+                     description                      |       inbytes        |     result     |       errorat        |                                                    error                                                    
+------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                                    | \x666f6f             | \x666f6f       |                      | 
+ valid, extra latin chars                             | \xc3a4c3b6           | \xa9daa9ec     |                      | 
+ valid, cyrillic                                      | \xd184d0bed0be       | \xa7e6a7e0a7e0 |                      | 
+ valid, kanji/Chinese                                 | \x666f6fe8b1a1       | \x666f6fbedd   |                      | 
+ valid, two chars that combine to one in EUC_JIS_2004 | \xe382abe3829a       | \xa5f7         |                      | 
+ only first half of combined char in EUC_JIS_2004     | \xe382ab             | \xa5ab         |                      | 
+ incomplete combination when converted EUC_JIS_2004   | \xe382abe382         | \x             | \xe382abe382         | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe3 0x82
+ valid, Hangul, Korean                                | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac | \x             | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac | character with byte sequence 0xec 0xbd 0x94 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "EUC_JIS_2004"
+ valid, needs mapping function to convert to GB18030  | \x666f6fefa8aa       | \x666f6f       | \xefa8aa             | character with byte sequence 0xef 0xa8 0xaa in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "EUC_JIS_2004"
+ invalid byte sequence                                | \x66e8b1ff6f6f       | \x66           | \xe8b1ff6f6f         | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0xff
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x66006f             | \x66           | \x006f               | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x666f6fe8b100       | \x666f6f       | \xe8b100             | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0x00
+ incomplete character at end                          | \x666f6fe8b1         | \x666f6f       | \xe8b1               | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1
+(13 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'latin1')).* from utf8_inputs;
+                     description                      |       inbytes        |  result  |       errorat        |                                                 error                                                 
+------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                                    | \x666f6f             | \x666f6f |                      | 
+ valid, extra latin chars                             | \xc3a4c3b6           | \xe4f6   |                      | 
+ valid, cyrillic                                      | \xd184d0bed0be       | \x       | \xd184d0bed0be       | character with byte sequence 0xd1 0x84 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN1"
+ valid, kanji/Chinese                                 | \x666f6fe8b1a1       | \x666f6f | \xe8b1a1             | character with byte sequence 0xe8 0xb1 0xa1 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN1"
+ valid, two chars that combine to one in EUC_JIS_2004 | \xe382abe3829a       | \x       | \xe382abe3829a       | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN1"
+ only first half of combined char in EUC_JIS_2004     | \xe382ab             | \x       | \xe382ab             | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN1"
+ incomplete combination when converted EUC_JIS_2004   | \xe382abe382         | \x       | \xe382abe382         | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN1"
+ valid, Hangul, Korean                                | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac | \x       | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac | character with byte sequence 0xec 0xbd 0x94 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN1"
+ valid, needs mapping function to convert to GB18030  | \x666f6fefa8aa       | \x666f6f | \xefa8aa             | character with byte sequence 0xef 0xa8 0xaa in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN1"
+ invalid byte sequence                                | \x66e8b1ff6f6f       | \x66     | \xe8b1ff6f6f         | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0xff
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x66006f             | \x66     | \x006f               | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x666f6fe8b100       | \x666f6f | \xe8b100             | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0x00
+ incomplete character at end                          | \x666f6fe8b1         | \x666f6f | \xe8b1               | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1
+(13 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'latin2')).* from utf8_inputs;
+                     description                      |       inbytes        |  result  |       errorat        |                                                 error                                                 
+------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                                    | \x666f6f             | \x666f6f |                      | 
+ valid, extra latin chars                             | \xc3a4c3b6           | \xe4f6   |                      | 
+ valid, cyrillic                                      | \xd184d0bed0be       | \x       | \xd184d0bed0be       | character with byte sequence 0xd1 0x84 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN2"
+ valid, kanji/Chinese                                 | \x666f6fe8b1a1       | \x666f6f | \xe8b1a1             | character with byte sequence 0xe8 0xb1 0xa1 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN2"
+ valid, two chars that combine to one in EUC_JIS_2004 | \xe382abe3829a       | \x       | \xe382abe3829a       | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN2"
+ only first half of combined char in EUC_JIS_2004     | \xe382ab             | \x       | \xe382ab             | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN2"
+ incomplete combination when converted EUC_JIS_2004   | \xe382abe382         | \x       | \xe382abe382         | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN2"
+ valid, Hangul, Korean                                | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac | \x       | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac | character with byte sequence 0xec 0xbd 0x94 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN2"
+ valid, needs mapping function to convert to GB18030  | \x666f6fefa8aa       | \x666f6f | \xefa8aa             | character with byte sequence 0xef 0xa8 0xaa in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN2"
+ invalid byte sequence                                | \x66e8b1ff6f6f       | \x66     | \xe8b1ff6f6f         | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0xff
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x66006f             | \x66     | \x006f               | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x666f6fe8b100       | \x666f6f | \xe8b100             | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0x00
+ incomplete character at end                          | \x666f6fe8b1         | \x666f6f | \xe8b1               | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1
+(13 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'latin5')).* from utf8_inputs;
+                     description                      |       inbytes        |  result  |       errorat        |                                                 error                                                 
+------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                                    | \x666f6f             | \x666f6f |                      | 
+ valid, extra latin chars                             | \xc3a4c3b6           | \xe4f6   |                      | 
+ valid, cyrillic                                      | \xd184d0bed0be       | \x       | \xd184d0bed0be       | character with byte sequence 0xd1 0x84 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN5"
+ valid, kanji/Chinese                                 | \x666f6fe8b1a1       | \x666f6f | \xe8b1a1             | character with byte sequence 0xe8 0xb1 0xa1 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN5"
+ valid, two chars that combine to one in EUC_JIS_2004 | \xe382abe3829a       | \x       | \xe382abe3829a       | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN5"
+ only first half of combined char in EUC_JIS_2004     | \xe382ab             | \x       | \xe382ab             | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN5"
+ incomplete combination when converted EUC_JIS_2004   | \xe382abe382         | \x       | \xe382abe382         | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN5"
+ valid, Hangul, Korean                                | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac | \x       | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac | character with byte sequence 0xec 0xbd 0x94 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN5"
+ valid, needs mapping function to convert to GB18030  | \x666f6fefa8aa       | \x666f6f | \xefa8aa             | character with byte sequence 0xef 0xa8 0xaa in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN5"
+ invalid byte sequence                                | \x66e8b1ff6f6f       | \x66     | \xe8b1ff6f6f         | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0xff
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x66006f             | \x66     | \x006f               | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x666f6fe8b100       | \x666f6f | \xe8b100             | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0x00
+ incomplete character at end                          | \x666f6fe8b1         | \x666f6f | \xe8b1               | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1
+(13 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'koi8r')).* from utf8_inputs;
+                     description                      |       inbytes        |  result  |       errorat        |                                                error                                                 
+------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                                    | \x666f6f             | \x666f6f |                      | 
+ valid, extra latin chars                             | \xc3a4c3b6           | \x       | \xc3a4c3b6           | character with byte sequence 0xc3 0xa4 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+ valid, cyrillic                                      | \xd184d0bed0be       | \xc6cfcf |                      | 
+ valid, kanji/Chinese                                 | \x666f6fe8b1a1       | \x666f6f | \xe8b1a1             | character with byte sequence 0xe8 0xb1 0xa1 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+ valid, two chars that combine to one in EUC_JIS_2004 | \xe382abe3829a       | \x       | \xe382abe3829a       | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+ only first half of combined char in EUC_JIS_2004     | \xe382ab             | \x       | \xe382ab             | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+ incomplete combination when converted EUC_JIS_2004   | \xe382abe382         | \x       | \xe382abe382         | character with byte sequence 0xe3 0x82 0xab in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+ valid, Hangul, Korean                                | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac | \x       | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac | character with byte sequence 0xec 0xbd 0x94 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+ valid, needs mapping function to convert to GB18030  | \x666f6fefa8aa       | \x666f6f | \xefa8aa             | character with byte sequence 0xef 0xa8 0xaa in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+ invalid byte sequence                                | \x66e8b1ff6f6f       | \x66     | \xe8b1ff6f6f         | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0xff
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x66006f             | \x66     | \x006f               | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x666f6fe8b100       | \x666f6f | \xe8b100             | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0x00
+ incomplete character at end                          | \x666f6fe8b1         | \x666f6f | \xe8b1               | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1
+(13 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'gb18030')).* from utf8_inputs;
+                     description                      |       inbytes        |           result           |   errorat    |                           error                           
+------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                                    | \x666f6f             | \x666f6f                   |              | 
+ valid, extra latin chars                             | \xc3a4c3b6           | \x81308a3181308b32         |              | 
+ valid, cyrillic                                      | \xd184d0bed0be       | \xa7e6a7e0a7e0             |              | 
+ valid, kanji/Chinese                                 | \x666f6fe8b1a1       | \x666f6fcff3               |              | 
+ valid, two chars that combine to one in EUC_JIS_2004 | \xe382abe3829a       | \xa5ab8139a732             |              | 
+ only first half of combined char in EUC_JIS_2004     | \xe382ab             | \xa5ab                     |              | 
+ incomplete combination when converted EUC_JIS_2004   | \xe382abe382         | \xa5ab                     | \xe382       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe3 0x82
+ valid, Hangul, Korean                                | \xecbd94eb81bceba6ac | \x8334e5398238c4338330b335 |              | 
+ valid, needs mapping function to convert to GB18030  | \x666f6fefa8aa       | \x666f6f84309c38           |              | 
+ invalid byte sequence                                | \x66e8b1ff6f6f       | \x66                       | \xe8b1ff6f6f | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0xff
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x66006f             | \x66                       | \x006f       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                                    | \x666f6fe8b100       | \x666f6f                   | \xe8b100     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1 0x00
+ incomplete character at end                          | \x666f6fe8b1         | \x666f6f                   | \xe8b1       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe8 0xb1
+(13 rows)
+
+--
+-- EUC_JIS_2004
+--
+CREATE TABLE euc_jis_2004_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into euc_jis_2004_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\x666f6fbedd',	'valid'),
+  ('\xa5f7',		'valid, translates to two UTF-8 chars '),
+  ('\xbeddbe',		'incomplete char '),
+  ('\x666f6f00bedd',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6fbe00dd',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6fbedd00',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\xbe04',		'invalid byte sequence');
+-- Test EUC_JIS_2004 verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'euc_jis_2004', 'euc_jis_2004')).* from euc_jis_2004_inputs;
+              description              |    inbytes     |    result    | errorat  |                            error                             
+---------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                     | \x666f6f       | \x666f6f     |          | 
+ valid                                 | \x666f6fbedd   | \x666f6fbedd |          | 
+ valid, translates to two UTF-8 chars  | \xa5f7         | \xa5f7       |          | 
+ incomplete char                       | \xbeddbe       | \xbedd       | \xbe     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "EUC_JIS_2004": 0xbe
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6f00bedd | \x666f6f     | \x00bedd | invalid byte sequence for encoding "EUC_JIS_2004": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6fbe00dd | \x666f6f     | \xbe00dd | invalid byte sequence for encoding "EUC_JIS_2004": 0xbe 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6fbedd00 | \x666f6fbedd | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "EUC_JIS_2004": 0x00
+ invalid byte sequence                 | \xbe04         | \x           | \xbe04   | invalid byte sequence for encoding "EUC_JIS_2004": 0xbe 0x04
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Test conversions from EUC_JIS_2004
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'euc_jis_2004', 'utf8')).* from euc_jis_2004_inputs;
+              description              |    inbytes     |     result     | errorat  |                            error                             
+---------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                     | \x666f6f       | \x666f6f       |          | 
+ valid                                 | \x666f6fbedd   | \x666f6fe8b1a1 |          | 
+ valid, translates to two UTF-8 chars  | \xa5f7         | \xe382abe3829a |          | 
+ incomplete char                       | \xbeddbe       | \xe8b1a1       | \xbe     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "EUC_JIS_2004": 0xbe
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6f00bedd | \x666f6f       | \x00bedd | invalid byte sequence for encoding "EUC_JIS_2004": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6fbe00dd | \x666f6f       | \xbe00dd | invalid byte sequence for encoding "EUC_JIS_2004": 0xbe 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6fbedd00 | \x666f6fe8b1a1 | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "EUC_JIS_2004": 0x00
+ invalid byte sequence                 | \xbe04         | \x             | \xbe04   | invalid byte sequence for encoding "EUC_JIS_2004": 0xbe 0x04
+(8 rows)
+
+--
+-- SHIFT-JIS-2004
+--
+CREATE TABLE shiftjis2004_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into shiftjis2004_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\x666f6f8fdb',	'valid'),
+  ('\x666f6f81c0',	'valid, no translation to UTF-8'),
+  ('\x666f6f82f5',	'valid, translates to two UTF-8 chars '),
+  ('\x666f6f8fdb8f',	'incomplete char '),
+  ('\x666f6f820a',	'incomplete char, followed by newline '),
+  ('\x666f6f008fdb',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6f8f00db',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6f8fdb00',	'invalid, NUL byte');
+-- Test SHIFT-JIS-2004 verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'shiftjis2004', 'shiftjis2004')).* from shiftjis2004_inputs;
+              description              |    inbytes     |    result    | errorat  |                             error                              
+---------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                     | \x666f6f       | \x666f6f     |          | 
+ valid                                 | \x666f6f8fdb   | \x666f6f8fdb |          | 
+ valid, no translation to UTF-8        | \x666f6f81c0   | \x666f6f81c0 |          | 
+ valid, translates to two UTF-8 chars  | \x666f6f82f5   | \x666f6f82f5 |          | 
+ incomplete char                       | \x666f6f8fdb8f | \x666f6f8fdb | \x8f     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x8f
+ incomplete char, followed by newline  | \x666f6f820a   | \x666f6f     | \x820a   | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x82 0x0a
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6f008fdb | \x666f6f     | \x008fdb | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6f8f00db | \x666f6f     | \x8f00db | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x8f 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6f8fdb00 | \x666f6f8fdb | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x00
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Test conversions from SHIFT-JIS-2004
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'shiftjis2004', 'utf8')).* from shiftjis2004_inputs;
+              description              |    inbytes     |        result        | errorat  |                             error                              
+---------------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                     | \x666f6f       | \x666f6f             |          | 
+ valid                                 | \x666f6f8fdb   | \x666f6fe8b1a1       |          | 
+ valid, no translation to UTF-8        | \x666f6f81c0   | \x666f6fe28a84       |          | 
+ valid, translates to two UTF-8 chars  | \x666f6f82f5   | \x666f6fe3818be3829a |          | 
+ incomplete char                       | \x666f6f8fdb8f | \x666f6fe8b1a1       | \x8f     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x8f
+ incomplete char, followed by newline  | \x666f6f820a   | \x666f6f             | \x820a   | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x82 0x0a
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6f008fdb | \x666f6f             | \x008fdb | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6f8f00db | \x666f6f             | \x8f00db | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x8f 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6f8fdb00 | \x666f6fe8b1a1       | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x00
+(9 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'shiftjis2004', 'euc_jis_2004')).* from shiftjis2004_inputs;
+              description              |    inbytes     |    result    | errorat  |                             error                              
+---------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                     | \x666f6f       | \x666f6f     |          | 
+ valid                                 | \x666f6f8fdb   | \x666f6fbedd |          | 
+ valid, no translation to UTF-8        | \x666f6f81c0   | \x666f6fa2c2 |          | 
+ valid, translates to two UTF-8 chars  | \x666f6f82f5   | \x666f6fa4f7 |          | 
+ incomplete char                       | \x666f6f8fdb8f | \x666f6fbedd | \x8f     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x8f
+ incomplete char, followed by newline  | \x666f6f820a   | \x666f6f     | \x820a   | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x82 0x0a
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6f008fdb | \x666f6f     | \x008fdb | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6f8f00db | \x666f6f     | \x8f00db | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x8f 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                     | \x666f6f8fdb00 | \x666f6fbedd | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "SHIFT_JIS_2004": 0x00
+(9 rows)
+
+--
+-- GB18030
+--
+CREATE TABLE gb18030_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into gb18030_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\x666f6fcff3',	'valid'),
+  ('\x666f6f8431a530',	'valid, no translation to UTF-8'),
+  ('\x666f6f84309c38',	'valid, translates to UTF-8 by mapping function'),
+  ('\x666f6f84309c',	'incomplete char '),
+  ('\x666f6f84309c0a',	'incomplete char, followed by newline '),
+  ('\x666f6f84309c3800', 'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6f84309c0038', 'invalid, NUL byte');
+-- Test GB18030 verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'gb18030', 'gb18030')).* from gb18030_inputs;
+                  description                   |      inbytes       |      result      |   errorat    |                               error                               
+------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                              | \x666f6f           | \x666f6f         |              | 
+ valid                                          | \x666f6fcff3       | \x666f6fcff3     |              | 
+ valid, no translation to UTF-8                 | \x666f6f8431a530   | \x666f6f8431a530 |              | 
+ valid, translates to UTF-8 by mapping function | \x666f6f84309c38   | \x666f6f84309c38 |              | 
+ incomplete char                                | \x666f6f84309c     | \x666f6f         | \x84309c     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "GB18030": 0x84 0x30 0x9c
+ incomplete char, followed by newline           | \x666f6f84309c0a   | \x666f6f         | \x84309c0a   | invalid byte sequence for encoding "GB18030": 0x84 0x30 0x9c 0x0a
+ invalid, NUL byte                              | \x666f6f84309c3800 | \x666f6f84309c38 | \x00         | invalid byte sequence for encoding "GB18030": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                              | \x666f6f84309c0038 | \x666f6f         | \x84309c0038 | invalid byte sequence for encoding "GB18030": 0x84 0x30 0x9c 0x00
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Test conversions from GB18030
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'gb18030', 'utf8')).* from gb18030_inputs;
+                  description                   |      inbytes       |     result     |   errorat    |                                                    error                                                    
+------------------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII                              | \x666f6f           | \x666f6f       |              | 
+ valid                                          | \x666f6fcff3       | \x666f6fe8b1a1 |              | 
+ valid, no translation to UTF-8                 | \x666f6f8431a530   | \x666f6f       | \x8431a530   | character with byte sequence 0x84 0x31 0xa5 0x30 in encoding "GB18030" has no equivalent in encoding "UTF8"
+ valid, translates to UTF-8 by mapping function | \x666f6f84309c38   | \x666f6fefa8aa |              | 
+ incomplete char                                | \x666f6f84309c     | \x666f6f       | \x84309c     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "GB18030": 0x84 0x30 0x9c
+ incomplete char, followed by newline           | \x666f6f84309c0a   | \x666f6f       | \x84309c0a   | invalid byte sequence for encoding "GB18030": 0x84 0x30 0x9c 0x0a
+ invalid, NUL byte                              | \x666f6f84309c3800 | \x666f6fefa8aa | \x00         | invalid byte sequence for encoding "GB18030": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte                              | \x666f6f84309c0038 | \x666f6f       | \x84309c0038 | invalid byte sequence for encoding "GB18030": 0x84 0x30 0x9c 0x00
+(8 rows)
+
+--
+-- ISO-8859-5
+--
+CREATE TABLE iso8859_5_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into iso8859_5_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\xe4dede',		'valid'),
+  ('\x00',		'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\xe400dede',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\xe4dede00',	'invalid, NUL byte');
+-- Test ISO-8859-5 verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'iso8859-5', 'iso8859-5')).* from iso8859_5_inputs;
+    description    |  inbytes   |  result  | errorat  |                         error                         
+-------------------+------------+----------+----------+-------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII | \x666f6f   | \x666f6f |          | 
+ valid             | \xe4dede   | \xe4dede |          | 
+ invalid, NUL byte | \x00       | \x       | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte | \xe400dede | \xe4     | \x00dede | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte | \xe4dede00 | \xe4dede | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Test conversions from ISO-8859-5
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'iso8859-5', 'utf8')).* from iso8859_5_inputs;
+    description    |  inbytes   |     result     | errorat  |                         error                         
+-------------------+------------+----------------+----------+-------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII | \x666f6f   | \x666f6f       |          | 
+ valid             | \xe4dede   | \xd184d0bed0be |          | 
+ invalid, NUL byte | \x00       | \x             | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte | \xe400dede | \xd184         | \x00dede | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte | \xe4dede00 | \xd184d0bed0be | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+(5 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'iso8859-5', 'koi8r')).* from iso8859_5_inputs;
+    description    |  inbytes   |  result  | errorat  |                         error                         
+-------------------+------------+----------+----------+-------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII | \x666f6f   | \x666f6f |          | 
+ valid             | \xe4dede   | \xc6cfcf |          | 
+ invalid, NUL byte | \x00       | \x       | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte | \xe400dede | \xc6     | \x00dede | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte | \xe4dede00 | \xc6cfcf | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+(5 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'iso8859_5', 'mule_internal')).* from iso8859_5_inputs;
+    description    |  inbytes   |     result     | errorat  |                         error                         
+-------------------+------------+----------------+----------+-------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII | \x666f6f   | \x666f6f       |          | 
+ valid             | \xe4dede   | \x8bc68bcf8bcf |          | 
+ invalid, NUL byte | \x00       | \x             | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte | \xe400dede | \x8bc6         | \x00dede | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte | \xe4dede00 | \x8bc68bcf8bcf | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "ISO_8859_5": 0x00
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- Big5
+--
+CREATE TABLE big5_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into big5_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\x666f6fb648',	'valid'),
+  ('\x666f6fa27f',	'valid, no translation to UTF-8'),
+  ('\x666f6fb60048',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6fb64800',	'invalid, NUL byte');
+-- Test Big5 verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'big5', 'big5')).* from big5_inputs;
+          description           |    inbytes     |    result    | errorat  |                        error                         
+--------------------------------+----------------+--------------+----------+------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII              | \x666f6f       | \x666f6f     |          | 
+ valid                          | \x666f6fb648   | \x666f6fb648 |          | 
+ valid, no translation to UTF-8 | \x666f6fa27f   | \x666f6fa27f |          | 
+ invalid, NUL byte              | \x666f6fb60048 | \x666f6f     | \xb60048 | invalid byte sequence for encoding "BIG5": 0xb6 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte              | \x666f6fb64800 | \x666f6fb648 | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "BIG5": 0x00
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Test conversions from Big5
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'big5', 'utf8')).* from big5_inputs;
+          description           |    inbytes     |     result     | errorat  |                                             error                                              
+--------------------------------+----------------+----------------+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII              | \x666f6f       | \x666f6f       |          | 
+ valid                          | \x666f6fb648   | \x666f6fe8b1a1 |          | 
+ valid, no translation to UTF-8 | \x666f6fa27f   | \x666f6f       | \xa27f   | character with byte sequence 0xa2 0x7f in encoding "BIG5" has no equivalent in encoding "UTF8"
+ invalid, NUL byte              | \x666f6fb60048 | \x666f6f       | \xb60048 | invalid byte sequence for encoding "BIG5": 0xb6 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte              | \x666f6fb64800 | \x666f6fe8b1a1 | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "BIG5": 0x00
+(5 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'big5', 'mule_internal')).* from big5_inputs;
+          description           |    inbytes     |     result     | errorat  |                        error                         
+--------------------------------+----------------+----------------+----------+------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII              | \x666f6f       | \x666f6f       |          | 
+ valid                          | \x666f6fb648   | \x666f6f95e2af |          | 
+ valid, no translation to UTF-8 | \x666f6fa27f   | \x666f6f95a3c1 |          | 
+ invalid, NUL byte              | \x666f6fb60048 | \x666f6f       | \xb60048 | invalid byte sequence for encoding "BIG5": 0xb6 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte              | \x666f6fb64800 | \x666f6f95e2af | \x00     | invalid byte sequence for encoding "BIG5": 0x00
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- MULE_INTERNAL
+--
+CREATE TABLE mic_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into mic_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\x8bc68bcf8bcf',	'valid (in KOI8R)'),
+  ('\x8bc68bcf8b',	'invalid,incomplete char'),
+  ('\x92bedd',		'valid (in SHIFT_JIS)'),
+  ('\x92be',		'invalid, incomplete char)'),
+  ('\x666f6f95a3c1',	'valid (in Big5)'),
+  ('\x666f6f95a3',	'invalid, incomplete char'),
+  ('\x9200bedd',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x92bedd00',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x8b00c68bcf8bcf',	'invalid, NUL byte');
+-- Test MULE_INTERNAL verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'mule_internal')).* from mic_inputs;
+        description        |     inbytes      |     result     |     errorat      |                               error                                
+---------------------------+------------------+----------------+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII         | \x666f6f         | \x666f6f       |                  | 
+ valid (in KOI8R)          | \x8bc68bcf8bcf   | \x8bc68bcf8bcf |                  | 
+ invalid,incomplete char   | \x8bc68bcf8b     | \x8bc68bcf     | \x8b             | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x8b
+ valid (in SHIFT_JIS)      | \x92bedd         | \x92bedd       |                  | 
+ invalid, incomplete char) | \x92be           | \x             | \x92be           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x92 0xbe
+ valid (in Big5)           | \x666f6f95a3c1   | \x666f6f95a3c1 |                  | 
+ invalid, incomplete char  | \x666f6f95a3     | \x666f6f       | \x95a3           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x95 0xa3
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x9200bedd       | \x             | \x9200bedd       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x92 0x00 0xbe
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x92bedd00       | \x92bedd       | \x00             | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | \x             | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x8b 0x00
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Test conversions from MULE_INTERNAL
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'koi8r')).* from mic_inputs;
+        description        |     inbytes      |  result  |     errorat      |                                                     error                                                     
+---------------------------+------------------+----------+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII         | \x666f6f         | \x666f6f |                  | 
+ valid (in KOI8R)          | \x8bc68bcf8bcf   | \xc6cfcf |                  | 
+ invalid,incomplete char   | \x8bc68bcf8b     | \xc6cf   | \x8b             | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x8b
+ valid (in SHIFT_JIS)      | \x92bedd         | \x       | \x92bedd         | character with byte sequence 0x92 0xbe 0xdd in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+ invalid, incomplete char) | \x92be           | \x       | \x92be           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x92 0xbe
+ valid (in Big5)           | \x666f6f95a3c1   | \x666f6f | \x95a3c1         | character with byte sequence 0x95 0xa3 0xc1 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+ invalid, incomplete char  | \x666f6f95a3     | \x666f6f | \x95a3           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x95 0xa3
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x9200bedd       | \x       | \x9200bedd       | character with byte sequence 0x92 0x00 0xbe in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x92bedd00       | \x       | \x92bedd00       | character with byte sequence 0x92 0xbe 0xdd in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | \x       | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | character with byte sequence 0x8b 0x00 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "KOI8R"
+(10 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'iso8859-5')).* from mic_inputs;
+        description        |     inbytes      |  result  |     errorat      |                                                       error                                                        
+---------------------------+------------------+----------+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII         | \x666f6f         | \x666f6f |                  | 
+ valid (in KOI8R)          | \x8bc68bcf8bcf   | \xe4dede |                  | 
+ invalid,incomplete char   | \x8bc68bcf8b     | \xe4de   | \x8b             | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x8b
+ valid (in SHIFT_JIS)      | \x92bedd         | \x       | \x92bedd         | character with byte sequence 0x92 0xbe 0xdd in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "ISO_8859_5"
+ invalid, incomplete char) | \x92be           | \x       | \x92be           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x92 0xbe
+ valid (in Big5)           | \x666f6f95a3c1   | \x666f6f | \x95a3c1         | character with byte sequence 0x95 0xa3 0xc1 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "ISO_8859_5"
+ invalid, incomplete char  | \x666f6f95a3     | \x666f6f | \x95a3           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x95 0xa3
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x9200bedd       | \x       | \x9200bedd       | character with byte sequence 0x92 0x00 0xbe in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "ISO_8859_5"
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x92bedd00       | \x       | \x92bedd00       | character with byte sequence 0x92 0xbe 0xdd in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "ISO_8859_5"
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | \x       | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | character with byte sequence 0x8b 0x00 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "ISO_8859_5"
+(10 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'sjis')).* from mic_inputs;
+        description        |     inbytes      |  result  |     errorat      |                                                    error                                                     
+---------------------------+------------------+----------+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII         | \x666f6f         | \x666f6f |                  | 
+ valid (in KOI8R)          | \x8bc68bcf8bcf   | \x       | \x8bc68bcf8bcf   | character with byte sequence 0x8b 0xc6 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "SJIS"
+ invalid,incomplete char   | \x8bc68bcf8b     | \x       | \x8bc68bcf8b     | character with byte sequence 0x8b 0xc6 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "SJIS"
+ valid (in SHIFT_JIS)      | \x92bedd         | \x8fdb   |                  | 
+ invalid, incomplete char) | \x92be           | \x       | \x92be           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x92 0xbe
+ valid (in Big5)           | \x666f6f95a3c1   | \x666f6f | \x95a3c1         | character with byte sequence 0x95 0xa3 0xc1 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "SJIS"
+ invalid, incomplete char  | \x666f6f95a3     | \x666f6f | \x95a3           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x95 0xa3
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x9200bedd       | \x       | \x9200bedd       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x92 0x00 0xbe
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x92bedd00       | \x8fdb   | \x00             | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | \x       | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x8b 0x00
+(10 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'big5')).* from mic_inputs;
+        description        |     inbytes      |    result    |     errorat      |                                                    error                                                     
+---------------------------+------------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII         | \x666f6f         | \x666f6f     |                  | 
+ valid (in KOI8R)          | \x8bc68bcf8bcf   | \x           | \x8bc68bcf8bcf   | character with byte sequence 0x8b 0xc6 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "BIG5"
+ invalid,incomplete char   | \x8bc68bcf8b     | \x           | \x8bc68bcf8b     | character with byte sequence 0x8b 0xc6 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "BIG5"
+ valid (in SHIFT_JIS)      | \x92bedd         | \x           | \x92bedd         | character with byte sequence 0x92 0xbe 0xdd in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "BIG5"
+ invalid, incomplete char) | \x92be           | \x           | \x92be           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x92 0xbe
+ valid (in Big5)           | \x666f6f95a3c1   | \x666f6fa2a1 |                  | 
+ invalid, incomplete char  | \x666f6f95a3     | \x666f6f     | \x95a3           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x95 0xa3
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x9200bedd       | \x           | \x9200bedd       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x92 0x00 0xbe
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x92bedd00       | \x           | \x92bedd00       | character with byte sequence 0x92 0xbe 0xdd in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "BIG5"
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | \x           | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x8b 0x00
+(10 rows)
+
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'euc_jp')).* from mic_inputs;
+        description        |     inbytes      |  result  |     errorat      |                                                     error                                                      
+---------------------------+------------------+----------+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ valid, pure ASCII         | \x666f6f         | \x666f6f |                  | 
+ valid (in KOI8R)          | \x8bc68bcf8bcf   | \x       | \x8bc68bcf8bcf   | character with byte sequence 0x8b 0xc6 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "EUC_JP"
+ invalid,incomplete char   | \x8bc68bcf8b     | \x       | \x8bc68bcf8b     | character with byte sequence 0x8b 0xc6 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "EUC_JP"
+ valid (in SHIFT_JIS)      | \x92bedd         | \xbedd   |                  | 
+ invalid, incomplete char) | \x92be           | \x       | \x92be           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x92 0xbe
+ valid (in Big5)           | \x666f6f95a3c1   | \x666f6f | \x95a3c1         | character with byte sequence 0x95 0xa3 0xc1 in encoding "MULE_INTERNAL" has no equivalent in encoding "EUC_JP"
+ invalid, incomplete char  | \x666f6f95a3     | \x666f6f | \x95a3           | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x95 0xa3
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x9200bedd       | \x       | \x9200bedd       | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x92 0x00 0xbe
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x92bedd00       | \xbedd   | \x00             | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x00
+ invalid, NUL byte         | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | \x       | \x8b00c68bcf8bcf | invalid byte sequence for encoding "MULE_INTERNAL": 0x8b 0x00
+(10 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/copy.out b/src/test/regress/expected/copy.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a8bf43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/copy.out
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+--
+-- COPY
+--
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+\getenv abs_builddir PG_ABS_BUILDDIR
+--- test copying in CSV mode with various styles
+--- of embedded line ending characters
+create temp table copytest (
+	style	text,
+	test 	text,
+	filler	int);
+insert into copytest values('DOS',E'abc\r\ndef',1);
+insert into copytest values('Unix',E'abc\ndef',2);
+insert into copytest values('Mac',E'abc\rdef',3);
+insert into copytest values(E'esc\\ape',E'a\\r\\\r\\\n\\nb',4);
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/copytest.csv'
+copy copytest to :'filename' csv;
+create temp table copytest2 (like copytest);
+copy copytest2 from :'filename' csv;
+select * from copytest except select * from copytest2;
+ style | test | filler 
+-------+------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+truncate copytest2;
+--- same test but with an escape char different from quote char
+copy copytest to :'filename' csv quote '''' escape E'\\';
+copy copytest2 from :'filename' csv quote '''' escape E'\\';
+select * from copytest except select * from copytest2;
+ style | test | filler 
+-------+------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- test header line feature
+create temp table copytest3 (
+	c1 int,
+	"col with , comma" text,
+	"col with "" quote"  int);
+copy copytest3 from stdin csv header;
+copy copytest3 to stdout csv header;
+c1,"col with , comma","col with "" quote"
+1,a,1
+2,b,2
+create temp table copytest4 (
+	c1 int,
+	"colname with tab: 	" text);
+copy copytest4 from stdin (header);
+copy copytest4 to stdout (header);
+c1	colname with tab: \t
+1	a
+2	b
+-- test copy from with a partitioned table
+create table parted_copytest (
+	a int,
+	b int,
+	c text
+) partition by list (b);
+create table parted_copytest_a1 (c text, b int, a int);
+create table parted_copytest_a2 (a int, c text, b int);
+alter table parted_copytest attach partition parted_copytest_a1 for values in(1);
+alter table parted_copytest attach partition parted_copytest_a2 for values in(2);
+-- We must insert enough rows to trigger multi-inserts.  These are only
+-- enabled adaptively when there are few enough partition changes.
+insert into parted_copytest select x,1,'One' from generate_series(1,1000) x;
+insert into parted_copytest select x,2,'Two' from generate_series(1001,1010) x;
+insert into parted_copytest select x,1,'One' from generate_series(1011,1020) x;
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/parted_copytest.csv'
+copy (select * from parted_copytest order by a) to :'filename';
+truncate parted_copytest;
+copy parted_copytest from :'filename';
+-- Ensure COPY FREEZE errors for partitioned tables.
+begin;
+truncate parted_copytest;
+copy parted_copytest from :'filename' (freeze);
+ERROR:  cannot perform COPY FREEZE on a partitioned table
+rollback;
+select tableoid::regclass,count(*),sum(a) from parted_copytest
+group by tableoid order by tableoid::regclass::name;
+      tableoid      | count |  sum   
+--------------------+-------+--------
+ parted_copytest_a1 |  1010 | 510655
+ parted_copytest_a2 |    10 |  10055
+(2 rows)
+
+truncate parted_copytest;
+-- create before insert row trigger on parted_copytest_a2
+create function part_ins_func() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger part_ins_trig
+	before insert on parted_copytest_a2
+	for each row
+	execute procedure part_ins_func();
+copy parted_copytest from :'filename';
+select tableoid::regclass,count(*),sum(a) from parted_copytest
+group by tableoid order by tableoid::regclass::name;
+      tableoid      | count |  sum   
+--------------------+-------+--------
+ parted_copytest_a1 |  1010 | 510655
+ parted_copytest_a2 |    10 |  10055
+(2 rows)
+
+truncate table parted_copytest;
+create index on parted_copytest (b);
+drop trigger part_ins_trig on parted_copytest_a2;
+copy parted_copytest from stdin;
+-- Ensure index entries were properly added during the copy.
+select * from parted_copytest where b = 1;
+ a | b |  c   
+---+---+------
+ 1 | 1 | str1
+(1 row)
+
+select * from parted_copytest where b = 2;
+ a | b |  c   
+---+---+------
+ 2 | 2 | str2
+(1 row)
+
+drop table parted_copytest;
+--
+-- Progress reporting for COPY
+--
+create table tab_progress_reporting (
+	name text,
+	age int4,
+	location point,
+	salary int4,
+	manager name
+);
+-- Add a trigger to catch and print the contents of the catalog view
+-- pg_stat_progress_copy during data insertion.  This allows to test
+-- the validation of some progress reports for COPY FROM where the trigger
+-- would fire.
+create function notice_after_tab_progress_reporting() returns trigger AS
+$$
+declare report record;
+begin
+  -- The fields ignored here are the ones that may not remain
+  -- consistent across multiple runs.  The sizes reported may differ
+  -- across platforms, so just check if these are strictly positive.
+  with progress_data as (
+    select
+       relid::regclass::text as relname,
+       command,
+       type,
+       bytes_processed > 0 as has_bytes_processed,
+       bytes_total > 0 as has_bytes_total,
+       tuples_processed,
+       tuples_excluded
+      from pg_stat_progress_copy
+      where pid = pg_backend_pid())
+  select into report (to_jsonb(r)) as value
+    from progress_data r;
+
+  raise info 'progress: %', report.value::text;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger check_after_tab_progress_reporting
+	after insert on tab_progress_reporting
+	for each statement
+	execute function notice_after_tab_progress_reporting();
+-- Generate COPY FROM report with PIPE.
+copy tab_progress_reporting from stdin;
+INFO:  progress: {"type": "PIPE", "command": "COPY FROM", "relname": "tab_progress_reporting", "has_bytes_total": false, "tuples_excluded": 0, "tuples_processed": 3, "has_bytes_processed": true}
+-- Generate COPY FROM report with FILE, with some excluded tuples.
+truncate tab_progress_reporting;
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/emp.data'
+copy tab_progress_reporting from :'filename'
+	where (salary < 2000);
+INFO:  progress: {"type": "FILE", "command": "COPY FROM", "relname": "tab_progress_reporting", "has_bytes_total": true, "tuples_excluded": 1, "tuples_processed": 2, "has_bytes_processed": true}
+drop trigger check_after_tab_progress_reporting on tab_progress_reporting;
+drop function notice_after_tab_progress_reporting();
+drop table tab_progress_reporting;
+-- Test header matching feature
+create table header_copytest (
+	a int,
+	b int,
+	c text
+);
+-- Make sure it works with dropped columns
+alter table header_copytest drop column c;
+alter table header_copytest add column c text;
+copy header_copytest to stdout with (header match);
+ERROR:  cannot use "match" with HEADER in COPY TO
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header wrong_choice);
+ERROR:  header requires a Boolean value or "match"
+-- works
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+copy header_copytest (c, a, b) from stdin with (header match);
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match, format csv);
+-- errors
+copy header_copytest (c, b, a) from stdin with (header match);
+ERROR:  column name mismatch in header line field 1: got "a", expected "c"
+CONTEXT:  COPY header_copytest, line 1: "a	b	c"
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+ERROR:  column name mismatch in header line field 3: got null value ("\N"), expected "c"
+CONTEXT:  COPY header_copytest, line 1: "a	b	\N"
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+ERROR:  wrong number of fields in header line: got 2, expected 3
+CONTEXT:  COPY header_copytest, line 1: "a	b"
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+ERROR:  wrong number of fields in header line: got 4, expected 3
+CONTEXT:  COPY header_copytest, line 1: "a	b	c	d"
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+ERROR:  column name mismatch in header line field 3: got "d", expected "c"
+CONTEXT:  COPY header_copytest, line 1: "a	b	d"
+SELECT * FROM header_copytest ORDER BY a;
+ a | b |  c  
+---+---+-----
+ 1 | 2 | foo
+ 3 | 4 | bar
+ 5 | 6 | baz
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Drop an extra column, in the middle of the existing set.
+alter table header_copytest drop column b;
+-- works
+copy header_copytest (c, a) from stdin with (header match);
+copy header_copytest (a, c) from stdin with (header match);
+-- errors
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+ERROR:  wrong number of fields in header line: got 3, expected 2
+CONTEXT:  COPY header_copytest, line 1: "a	........pg.dropped.2........	c"
+copy header_copytest (a, c) from stdin with (header match);
+ERROR:  wrong number of fields in header line: got 3, expected 2
+CONTEXT:  COPY header_copytest, line 1: "a	c	b"
+SELECT * FROM header_copytest ORDER BY a;
+ a |  c  
+---+-----
+ 1 | foo
+ 3 | bar
+ 5 | baz
+ 7 | foo
+ 8 | foo
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table header_copytest;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/copy2.out b/src/test/regress/expected/copy2.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f3685e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/copy2.out
@@ -0,0 +1,665 @@
+CREATE TEMP TABLE x (
+	a serial,
+	b int,
+	c text not null default 'stuff',
+	d text,
+	e text
+) ;
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_x_before () RETURNS TRIGGER AS '
+  BEGIN
+		NEW.e := ''before trigger fired''::text;
+		return NEW;
+	END;
+' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_x_after () RETURNS TRIGGER AS '
+  BEGIN
+		UPDATE x set e=''after trigger fired'' where c=''stuff'';
+		return NULL;
+	END;
+' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER trg_x_after AFTER INSERT ON x
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fn_x_after();
+CREATE TRIGGER trg_x_before BEFORE INSERT ON x
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fn_x_before();
+COPY x (a, b, c, d, e) from stdin;
+COPY x (b, d) from stdin;
+COPY x (b, d) from stdin;
+COPY x (a, b, c, d, e) from stdin;
+-- non-existent column in column list: should fail
+COPY x (xyz) from stdin;
+ERROR:  column "xyz" of relation "x" does not exist
+-- redundant options
+COPY x from stdin (format CSV, FORMAT CSV);
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (format CSV, FORMAT CSV);
+                                       ^
+COPY x from stdin (freeze off, freeze on);
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (freeze off, freeze on);
+                                       ^
+COPY x from stdin (delimiter ',', delimiter ',');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (delimiter ',', delimiter ',');
+                                          ^
+COPY x from stdin (null ' ', null ' ');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (null ' ', null ' ');
+                                     ^
+COPY x from stdin (header off, header on);
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (header off, header on);
+                                       ^
+COPY x from stdin (quote ':', quote ':');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (quote ':', quote ':');
+                                      ^
+COPY x from stdin (escape ':', escape ':');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (escape ':', escape ':');
+                                       ^
+COPY x from stdin (force_quote (a), force_quote *);
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (force_quote (a), force_quote *);
+                                            ^
+COPY x from stdin (force_not_null (a), force_not_null (b));
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (force_not_null (a), force_not_null (b));
+                                               ^
+COPY x from stdin (force_null (a), force_null (b));
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (force_null (a), force_null (b));
+                                           ^
+COPY x from stdin (convert_selectively (a), convert_selectively (b));
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (convert_selectively (a), convert_selectiv...
+                                                    ^
+COPY x from stdin (encoding 'sql_ascii', encoding 'sql_ascii');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin (encoding 'sql_ascii', encoding 'sql_ascii...
+                                                 ^
+-- too many columns in column list: should fail
+COPY x (a, b, c, d, e, d, c) from stdin;
+ERROR:  column "d" specified more than once
+-- missing data: should fail
+COPY x from stdin;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: ""
+CONTEXT:  COPY x, line 1, column a: ""
+COPY x from stdin;
+ERROR:  missing data for column "e"
+CONTEXT:  COPY x, line 1: "2000	230	23	23"
+COPY x from stdin;
+ERROR:  missing data for column "e"
+CONTEXT:  COPY x, line 1: "2001	231	\N	\N"
+-- extra data: should fail
+COPY x from stdin;
+ERROR:  extra data after last expected column
+CONTEXT:  COPY x, line 1: "2002	232	40	50	60	70	80"
+-- various COPY options: delimiters, oids, NULL string, encoding
+COPY x (b, c, d, e) from stdin delimiter ',' null 'x';
+COPY x from stdin WITH DELIMITER AS ';' NULL AS '';
+COPY x from stdin WITH DELIMITER AS ':' NULL AS E'\\X' ENCODING 'sql_ascii';
+COPY x TO stdout WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  WHERE clause not allowed with COPY TO
+LINE 1: COPY x TO stdout WHERE a = 1;
+                         ^
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a = 50004;
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a > 60003;
+COPY x from stdin WHERE f > 60003;
+ERROR:  column "f" does not exist
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin WHERE f > 60003;
+                                ^
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a = max(x.b);
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in COPY FROM WHERE conditions
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin WHERE a = max(x.b);
+                                    ^
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a IN (SELECT 1 FROM x);
+ERROR:  cannot use subquery in COPY FROM WHERE condition
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin WHERE a IN (SELECT 1 FROM x);
+                                  ^
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a IN (generate_series(1,5));
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in COPY FROM WHERE conditions
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin WHERE a IN (generate_series(1,5));
+                                      ^
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a = row_number() over(b);
+ERROR:  window functions are not allowed in COPY FROM WHERE conditions
+LINE 1: COPY x from stdin WHERE a = row_number() over(b);
+                                    ^
+-- check results of copy in
+SELECT * FROM x;
+   a   | b  |     c      |   d    |          e           
+-------+----+------------+--------+----------------------
+  9999 |    | \N         | NN     | before trigger fired
+ 10000 | 21 | 31         | 41     | before trigger fired
+ 10001 | 22 | 32         | 42     | before trigger fired
+ 10002 | 23 | 33         | 43     | before trigger fired
+ 10003 | 24 | 34         | 44     | before trigger fired
+ 10004 | 25 | 35         | 45     | before trigger fired
+ 10005 | 26 | 36         | 46     | before trigger fired
+     6 |    | 45         | 80     | before trigger fired
+     7 |    | x          | \x     | before trigger fired
+     8 |    | ,          | \,     | before trigger fired
+  3000 |    | c          |        | before trigger fired
+  4000 |    | C          |        | before trigger fired
+  4001 |  1 | empty      |        | before trigger fired
+  4002 |  2 | null       |        | before trigger fired
+  4003 |  3 | Backslash  | \      | before trigger fired
+  4004 |  4 | BackslashX | \X     | before trigger fired
+  4005 |  5 | N          | N      | before trigger fired
+  4006 |  6 | BackslashN | \N     | before trigger fired
+  4007 |  7 | XX         | XX     | before trigger fired
+  4008 |  8 | Delimiter  | :      | before trigger fired
+ 50004 | 25 | 35         | 45     | before trigger fired
+ 60004 | 25 | 35         | 45     | before trigger fired
+ 60005 | 26 | 36         | 46     | before trigger fired
+     1 |  1 | stuff      | test_1 | after trigger fired
+     2 |  2 | stuff      | test_2 | after trigger fired
+     3 |  3 | stuff      | test_3 | after trigger fired
+     4 |  4 | stuff      | test_4 | after trigger fired
+     5 |  5 | stuff      | test_5 | after trigger fired
+(28 rows)
+
+-- check copy out
+COPY x TO stdout;
+9999	\N	\\N	NN	before trigger fired
+10000	21	31	41	before trigger fired
+10001	22	32	42	before trigger fired
+10002	23	33	43	before trigger fired
+10003	24	34	44	before trigger fired
+10004	25	35	45	before trigger fired
+10005	26	36	46	before trigger fired
+6	\N	45	80	before trigger fired
+7	\N	x	\\x	before trigger fired
+8	\N	,	\\,	before trigger fired
+3000	\N	c	\N	before trigger fired
+4000	\N	C	\N	before trigger fired
+4001	1	empty		before trigger fired
+4002	2	null	\N	before trigger fired
+4003	3	Backslash	\\	before trigger fired
+4004	4	BackslashX	\\X	before trigger fired
+4005	5	N	N	before trigger fired
+4006	6	BackslashN	\\N	before trigger fired
+4007	7	XX	XX	before trigger fired
+4008	8	Delimiter	:	before trigger fired
+50004	25	35	45	before trigger fired
+60004	25	35	45	before trigger fired
+60005	26	36	46	before trigger fired
+1	1	stuff	test_1	after trigger fired
+2	2	stuff	test_2	after trigger fired
+3	3	stuff	test_3	after trigger fired
+4	4	stuff	test_4	after trigger fired
+5	5	stuff	test_5	after trigger fired
+COPY x (c, e) TO stdout;
+\\N	before trigger fired
+31	before trigger fired
+32	before trigger fired
+33	before trigger fired
+34	before trigger fired
+35	before trigger fired
+36	before trigger fired
+45	before trigger fired
+x	before trigger fired
+,	before trigger fired
+c	before trigger fired
+C	before trigger fired
+empty	before trigger fired
+null	before trigger fired
+Backslash	before trigger fired
+BackslashX	before trigger fired
+N	before trigger fired
+BackslashN	before trigger fired
+XX	before trigger fired
+Delimiter	before trigger fired
+35	before trigger fired
+35	before trigger fired
+36	before trigger fired
+stuff	after trigger fired
+stuff	after trigger fired
+stuff	after trigger fired
+stuff	after trigger fired
+stuff	after trigger fired
+COPY x (b, e) TO stdout WITH NULL 'I''m null';
+I'm null	before trigger fired
+21	before trigger fired
+22	before trigger fired
+23	before trigger fired
+24	before trigger fired
+25	before trigger fired
+26	before trigger fired
+I'm null	before trigger fired
+I'm null	before trigger fired
+I'm null	before trigger fired
+I'm null	before trigger fired
+I'm null	before trigger fired
+1	before trigger fired
+2	before trigger fired
+3	before trigger fired
+4	before trigger fired
+5	before trigger fired
+6	before trigger fired
+7	before trigger fired
+8	before trigger fired
+25	before trigger fired
+25	before trigger fired
+26	before trigger fired
+1	after trigger fired
+2	after trigger fired
+3	after trigger fired
+4	after trigger fired
+5	after trigger fired
+CREATE TEMP TABLE y (
+	col1 text,
+	col2 text
+);
+INSERT INTO y VALUES ('Jackson, Sam', E'\\h');
+INSERT INTO y VALUES ('It is "perfect".',E'\t');
+INSERT INTO y VALUES ('', NULL);
+COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV;
+"Jackson, Sam",\h
+"It is ""perfect"".",	
+"",
+COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV QUOTE '''' DELIMITER '|';
+Jackson, Sam|\h
+It is "perfect".|	
+''|
+COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV FORCE QUOTE col2 ESCAPE E'\\' ENCODING 'sql_ascii';
+"Jackson, Sam","\\h"
+"It is \"perfect\".","	"
+"",
+COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV FORCE QUOTE *;
+"Jackson, Sam","\h"
+"It is ""perfect"".","	"
+"",
+-- Repeat above tests with new 9.0 option syntax
+COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV);
+"Jackson, Sam",\h
+"It is ""perfect"".",	
+"",
+COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, QUOTE '''', DELIMITER '|');
+Jackson, Sam|\h
+It is "perfect".|	
+''|
+COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE (col2), ESCAPE E'\\');
+"Jackson, Sam","\\h"
+"It is \"perfect\".","	"
+"",
+COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE *);
+"Jackson, Sam","\h"
+"It is ""perfect"".","	"
+"",
+\copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV)
+"Jackson, Sam",\h
+"It is ""perfect"".",	
+"",
+\copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, QUOTE '''', DELIMITER '|')
+Jackson, Sam|\h
+It is "perfect".|	
+''|
+\copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE (col2), ESCAPE E'\\')
+"Jackson, Sam","\\h"
+"It is \"perfect\".","	"
+"",
+\copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE *)
+"Jackson, Sam","\h"
+"It is ""perfect"".","	"
+"",
+--test that we read consecutive LFs properly
+CREATE TEMP TABLE testnl (a int, b text, c int);
+COPY testnl FROM stdin CSV;
+-- test end of copy marker
+CREATE TEMP TABLE testeoc (a text);
+COPY testeoc FROM stdin CSV;
+COPY testeoc TO stdout CSV;
+a\.
+\.b
+c\.d
+"\."
+-- test handling of nonstandard null marker that violates escaping rules
+CREATE TEMP TABLE testnull(a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO testnull VALUES (1, E'\\0'), (NULL, NULL);
+COPY testnull TO stdout WITH NULL AS E'\\0';
+1	\\0
+\0	\0
+COPY testnull FROM stdin WITH NULL AS E'\\0';
+SELECT * FROM testnull;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  1 | \0
+    | 
+ 42 | \0
+    | 
+(4 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE vistest (LIKE testeoc);
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+ a  
+----
+ a0
+ b
+(2 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+ a  
+----
+ a1
+ b
+(2 rows)
+
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+ a  
+----
+ d1
+ e
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+ a  
+----
+ d1
+ e
+(2 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+ a  
+----
+ a2
+ b
+(2 rows)
+
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+ a  
+----
+ d2
+ e
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+ a  
+----
+ d2
+ e
+(2 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+ a 
+---
+ x
+ y
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+ERROR:  cannot perform COPY FREEZE because the table was not created or truncated in the current subtransaction
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+ERROR:  cannot perform COPY FREEZE because the table was not created or truncated in the current subtransaction
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO vistest VALUES ('z');
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT s1;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+ERROR:  cannot perform COPY FREEZE because the table was not created or truncated in the current subtransaction
+COMMIT;
+CREATE FUNCTION truncate_in_subxact() RETURNS VOID AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+	TRUNCATE vistest;
+EXCEPTION
+  WHEN OTHERS THEN
+	INSERT INTO vistest VALUES ('subxact failure');
+END;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO vistest VALUES ('z');
+SELECT truncate_in_subxact();
+ truncate_in_subxact 
+---------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+ a  
+----
+ d4
+ e
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+ a  
+----
+ d4
+ e
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test FORCE_NOT_NULL and FORCE_NULL options
+CREATE TEMP TABLE forcetest (
+    a INT NOT NULL,
+    b TEXT NOT NULL,
+    c TEXT,
+    d TEXT,
+    e TEXT
+);
+\pset null NULL
+-- should succeed with no effect ("b" remains an empty string, "c" remains NULL)
+BEGIN;
+COPY forcetest (a, b, c) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NOT_NULL(b), FORCE_NULL(c));
+COMMIT;
+SELECT b, c FROM forcetest WHERE a = 1;
+ b |  c   
+---+------
+   | NULL
+(1 row)
+
+-- should succeed, FORCE_NULL and FORCE_NOT_NULL can be both specified
+BEGIN;
+COPY forcetest (a, b, c, d) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NOT_NULL(c,d), FORCE_NULL(c,d));
+COMMIT;
+SELECT c, d FROM forcetest WHERE a = 2;
+ c |  d   
+---+------
+   | NULL
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail with not-null constraint violation
+BEGIN;
+COPY forcetest (a, b, c) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NULL(b), FORCE_NOT_NULL(c));
+ERROR:  null value in column "b" of relation "forcetest" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (3, null, , null, null).
+CONTEXT:  COPY forcetest, line 1: "3,,"""
+ROLLBACK;
+-- should fail with "not referenced by COPY" error
+BEGIN;
+COPY forcetest (d, e) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NOT_NULL(b));
+ERROR:  FORCE_NOT_NULL column "b" not referenced by COPY
+ROLLBACK;
+-- should fail with "not referenced by COPY" error
+BEGIN;
+COPY forcetest (d, e) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NULL(b));
+ERROR:  FORCE_NULL column "b" not referenced by COPY
+ROLLBACK;
+\pset null ''
+-- test case with whole-row Var in a check constraint
+create table check_con_tbl (f1 int);
+create function check_con_function(check_con_tbl) returns bool as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'input = %', row_to_json($1);
+  return $1.f1 > 0;
+end $$ language plpgsql immutable;
+alter table check_con_tbl add check (check_con_function(check_con_tbl.*));
+\d+ check_con_tbl
+                               Table "public.check_con_tbl"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "check_con_tbl_check" CHECK (check_con_function(check_con_tbl.*))
+
+copy check_con_tbl from stdin;
+NOTICE:  input = {"f1":1}
+NOTICE:  input = {"f1":null}
+copy check_con_tbl from stdin;
+NOTICE:  input = {"f1":0}
+ERROR:  new row for relation "check_con_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con_tbl_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0).
+CONTEXT:  COPY check_con_tbl, line 1: "0"
+select * from check_con_tbl;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+   
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test with RLS enabled.
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_copy_user;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_copy_user_colperms;
+CREATE TABLE rls_t1 (a int, b int, c int);
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) from stdin;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_t1 FOR SELECT USING (a % 2 = 0);
+ALTER TABLE rls_t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE rls_t1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT SELECT ON TABLE rls_t1 TO regress_rls_copy_user;
+GRANT SELECT (a, b) ON TABLE rls_t1 TO regress_rls_copy_user_colperms;
+-- all columns
+COPY rls_t1 TO stdout;
+1	4	1
+2	3	2
+3	2	3
+4	1	4
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) TO stdout;
+1	4	1
+2	3	2
+3	2	3
+4	1	4
+-- subset of columns
+COPY rls_t1 (a) TO stdout;
+1
+2
+3
+4
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b) TO stdout;
+1	4
+2	3
+3	2
+4	1
+-- column reordering
+COPY rls_t1 (b, a) TO stdout;
+4	1
+3	2
+2	3
+1	4
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_copy_user;
+-- all columns
+COPY rls_t1 TO stdout;
+2	3	2
+4	1	4
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) TO stdout;
+2	3	2
+4	1	4
+-- subset of columns
+COPY rls_t1 (a) TO stdout;
+2
+4
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b) TO stdout;
+2	3
+4	1
+-- column reordering
+COPY rls_t1 (b, a) TO stdout;
+3	2
+1	4
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_copy_user_colperms;
+-- attempt all columns (should fail)
+COPY rls_t1 TO stdout;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table rls_t1
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) TO stdout;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table rls_t1
+-- try to copy column with no privileges (should fail)
+COPY rls_t1 (c) TO stdout;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table rls_t1
+-- subset of columns (should succeed)
+COPY rls_t1 (a) TO stdout;
+2
+4
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b) TO stdout;
+2	3
+4	1
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+-- test with INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger on a view
+CREATE TABLE instead_of_insert_tbl(id serial, name text);
+CREATE VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view AS SELECT ''::text AS str;
+COPY instead_of_insert_tbl_view FROM stdin; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot copy to view "instead_of_insert_tbl_view"
+HINT:  To enable copying to a view, provide an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger.
+CREATE FUNCTION fun_instead_of_insert_tbl() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+  INSERT INTO instead_of_insert_tbl (name) VALUES (NEW.str);
+  RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_instead_of_insert_tbl_view
+  INSTEAD OF INSERT ON instead_of_insert_tbl_view
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fun_instead_of_insert_tbl();
+COPY instead_of_insert_tbl_view FROM stdin;
+SELECT * FROM instead_of_insert_tbl;
+ id | name  
+----+-------
+  1 | test1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test of COPY optimization with view using INSTEAD OF INSERT
+-- trigger when relation is created in the same transaction as
+-- when COPY is executed.
+BEGIN;
+CREATE VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2 as select ''::text as str;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2
+  INSTEAD OF INSERT ON instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fun_instead_of_insert_tbl();
+COPY instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2 FROM stdin;
+SELECT * FROM instead_of_insert_tbl;
+ id | name  
+----+-------
+  1 | test1
+  2 | test1
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- clean up
+DROP TABLE forcetest;
+DROP TABLE vistest;
+DROP FUNCTION truncate_in_subxact();
+DROP TABLE x, y;
+DROP TABLE rls_t1 CASCADE;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_copy_user;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_copy_user_colperms;
+DROP FUNCTION fn_x_before();
+DROP FUNCTION fn_x_after();
+DROP TABLE instead_of_insert_tbl;
+DROP VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view;
+DROP VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2;
+DROP FUNCTION fun_instead_of_insert_tbl();
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/copydml.out b/src/test/regress/expected/copydml.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5a2256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/copydml.out
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+--
+-- Test cases for COPY (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE) TO
+--
+create table copydml_test (id serial, t text);
+insert into copydml_test (t) values ('a');
+insert into copydml_test (t) values ('b');
+insert into copydml_test (t) values ('c');
+insert into copydml_test (t) values ('d');
+insert into copydml_test (t) values ('e');
+--
+-- Test COPY (insert/update/delete ...)
+--
+copy (insert into copydml_test (t) values ('f') returning id) to stdout;
+6
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'g' where t = 'f' returning id) to stdout;
+6
+copy (delete from copydml_test where t = 'g' returning id) to stdout;
+6
+--
+-- Test \copy (insert/update/delete ...)
+--
+\copy (insert into copydml_test (t) values ('f') returning id) to stdout;
+7
+\copy (update copydml_test set t = 'g' where t = 'f' returning id) to stdout;
+7
+\copy (delete from copydml_test where t = 'g' returning id) to stdout;
+7
+-- Error cases
+copy (insert into copydml_test default values) to stdout;
+ERROR:  COPY query must have a RETURNING clause
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'g') to stdout;
+ERROR:  COPY query must have a RETURNING clause
+copy (delete from copydml_test) to stdout;
+ERROR:  COPY query must have a RETURNING clause
+create rule qqq as on insert to copydml_test do instead nothing;
+copy (insert into copydml_test default values) to stdout;
+ERROR:  DO INSTEAD NOTHING rules are not supported for COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on insert to copydml_test do also delete from copydml_test;
+copy (insert into copydml_test default values) to stdout;
+ERROR:  DO ALSO rules are not supported for the COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on insert to copydml_test do instead (delete from copydml_test; delete from copydml_test);
+copy (insert into copydml_test default values) to stdout;
+ERROR:  multi-statement DO INSTEAD rules are not supported for COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on insert to copydml_test where new.t <> 'f' do instead delete from copydml_test;
+copy (insert into copydml_test default values) to stdout;
+ERROR:  conditional DO INSTEAD rules are not supported for COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on update to copydml_test do instead nothing;
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'f') to stdout;
+ERROR:  DO INSTEAD NOTHING rules are not supported for COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on update to copydml_test do also delete from copydml_test;
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'f') to stdout;
+ERROR:  DO ALSO rules are not supported for the COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on update to copydml_test do instead (delete from copydml_test; delete from copydml_test);
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'f') to stdout;
+ERROR:  multi-statement DO INSTEAD rules are not supported for COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on update to copydml_test where new.t <> 'f' do instead delete from copydml_test;
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'f') to stdout;
+ERROR:  conditional DO INSTEAD rules are not supported for COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on delete to copydml_test do instead nothing;
+copy (delete from copydml_test) to stdout;
+ERROR:  DO INSTEAD NOTHING rules are not supported for COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on delete to copydml_test do also insert into copydml_test default values;
+copy (delete from copydml_test) to stdout;
+ERROR:  DO ALSO rules are not supported for the COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on delete to copydml_test do instead (insert into copydml_test default values; insert into copydml_test default values);
+copy (delete from copydml_test) to stdout;
+ERROR:  multi-statement DO INSTEAD rules are not supported for COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on delete to copydml_test where old.t <> 'f' do instead insert into copydml_test default values;
+copy (delete from copydml_test) to stdout;
+ERROR:  conditional DO INSTEAD rules are not supported for COPY
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+-- triggers
+create function qqq_trig() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+if tg_op in ('INSERT', 'UPDATE') then
+    raise notice '% % %', tg_when, tg_op, new.id;
+    return new;
+else
+    raise notice '% % %', tg_when, tg_op, old.id;
+    return old;
+end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger qqqbef before insert or update or delete on copydml_test
+    for each row execute procedure qqq_trig();
+create trigger qqqaf after insert or update or delete on copydml_test
+    for each row execute procedure qqq_trig();
+copy (insert into copydml_test (t) values ('f') returning id) to stdout;
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT 8
+8
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT 8
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'g' where t = 'f' returning id) to stdout;
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE 8
+8
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE 8
+copy (delete from copydml_test where t = 'g' returning id) to stdout;
+NOTICE:  BEFORE DELETE 8
+8
+NOTICE:  AFTER DELETE 8
+drop table copydml_test;
+drop function qqq_trig();
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/copyselect.out b/src/test/regress/expected/copyselect.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb9e026
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/copyselect.out
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+--
+-- Test cases for COPY (select) TO
+--
+create table test1 (id serial, t text);
+insert into test1 (t) values ('a');
+insert into test1 (t) values ('b');
+insert into test1 (t) values ('c');
+insert into test1 (t) values ('d');
+insert into test1 (t) values ('e');
+create table test2 (id serial, t text);
+insert into test2 (t) values ('A');
+insert into test2 (t) values ('B');
+insert into test2 (t) values ('C');
+insert into test2 (t) values ('D');
+insert into test2 (t) values ('E');
+create view v_test1
+as select 'v_'||t from test1;
+--
+-- Test COPY table TO
+--
+copy test1 to stdout;
+1	a
+2	b
+3	c
+4	d
+5	e
+--
+-- This should fail
+--
+copy v_test1 to stdout;
+ERROR:  cannot copy from view "v_test1"
+HINT:  Try the COPY (SELECT ...) TO variant.
+--
+-- Test COPY (select) TO
+--
+copy (select t from test1 where id=1) to stdout;
+a
+--
+-- Test COPY (select for update) TO
+--
+copy (select t from test1 where id=3 for update) to stdout;
+c
+--
+-- This should fail
+--
+copy (select t into temp test3 from test1 where id=3) to stdout;
+ERROR:  COPY (SELECT INTO) is not supported
+--
+-- This should fail
+--
+copy (select * from test1) from stdin;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "from"
+LINE 1: copy (select * from test1) from stdin;
+                                   ^
+--
+-- This should fail
+--
+copy (select * from test1) (t,id) to stdout;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "("
+LINE 1: copy (select * from test1) (t,id) to stdout;
+                                   ^
+--
+-- Test JOIN
+--
+copy (select * from test1 join test2 using (id)) to stdout;
+1	a	A
+2	b	B
+3	c	C
+4	d	D
+5	e	E
+--
+-- Test UNION SELECT
+--
+copy (select t from test1 where id = 1 UNION select * from v_test1 ORDER BY 1) to stdout;
+a
+v_a
+v_b
+v_c
+v_d
+v_e
+--
+-- Test subselect
+--
+copy (select * from (select t from test1 where id = 1 UNION select * from v_test1 ORDER BY 1) t1) to stdout;
+a
+v_a
+v_b
+v_c
+v_d
+v_e
+--
+-- Test headers, CSV and quotes
+--
+copy (select t from test1 where id = 1) to stdout csv header force quote t;
+t
+"a"
+--
+-- Test psql builtins, plain table
+--
+\copy test1 to stdout
+1	a
+2	b
+3	c
+4	d
+5	e
+--
+-- This should fail
+--
+\copy v_test1 to stdout
+ERROR:  cannot copy from view "v_test1"
+HINT:  Try the COPY (SELECT ...) TO variant.
+--
+-- Test \copy (select ...)
+--
+\copy (select "id",'id','id""'||t,(id + 1)*id,t,"test1"."t" from test1 where id=3) to stdout
+3	id	id""c	12	c	c
+--
+-- Drop everything
+--
+drop table test2;
+drop view v_test1;
+drop table test1;
+-- psql handling of COPY in multi-command strings
+copy (select 1) to stdout\; select 1/0;	-- row, then error
+1
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select 1/0\; copy (select 1) to stdout; -- error only
+ERROR:  division by zero
+copy (select 1) to stdout\; copy (select 2) to stdout\; select 3\; select 4; -- 1 2 3 4
+1
+2
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        3
+(1 row)
+
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        4
+(1 row)
+
+create table test3 (c int);
+select 0\; copy test3 from stdin\; copy test3 from stdin\; select 1; -- 0 1
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+select * from test3;
+ c 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table test3;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_aggregate.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_aggregate.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcf6909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_aggregate.out
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_AGGREGATE
+--
+-- all functions CREATEd
+CREATE AGGREGATE newavg (
+   sfunc = int4_avg_accum, basetype = int4, stype = _int8,
+   finalfunc = int8_avg,
+   initcond1 = '{0,0}'
+);
+-- test comments
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE newavg_wrong (int4) IS 'an agg comment';
+ERROR:  aggregate newavg_wrong(integer) does not exist
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE newavg (int4) IS 'an agg comment';
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE newavg (int4) IS NULL;
+-- without finalfunc; test obsolete spellings 'sfunc1' etc
+CREATE AGGREGATE newsum (
+   sfunc1 = int4pl, basetype = int4, stype1 = int4,
+   initcond1 = '0'
+);
+-- zero-argument aggregate
+CREATE AGGREGATE newcnt (*) (
+   sfunc = int8inc, stype = int8,
+   initcond = '0', parallel = safe
+);
+-- old-style spelling of same (except without parallel-safe; that's too new)
+CREATE AGGREGATE oldcnt (
+   sfunc = int8inc, basetype = 'ANY', stype = int8,
+   initcond = '0'
+);
+-- aggregate that only cares about null/nonnull input
+CREATE AGGREGATE newcnt ("any") (
+   sfunc = int8inc_any, stype = int8,
+   initcond = '0'
+);
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE nosuchagg (*) IS 'should fail';
+ERROR:  aggregate nosuchagg(*) does not exist
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE newcnt (*) IS 'an agg(*) comment';
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE newcnt ("any") IS 'an agg(any) comment';
+-- multi-argument aggregate
+create function sum3(int8,int8,int8) returns int8 as
+'select $1 + $2 + $3' language sql strict immutable;
+create aggregate sum2(int8,int8) (
+   sfunc = sum3, stype = int8,
+   initcond = '0'
+);
+-- multi-argument aggregates sensitive to distinct/order, strict/nonstrict
+create type aggtype as (a integer, b integer, c text);
+create function aggf_trans(aggtype[],integer,integer,text) returns aggtype[]
+as 'select array_append($1,ROW($2,$3,$4)::aggtype)'
+language sql strict immutable;
+create function aggfns_trans(aggtype[],integer,integer,text) returns aggtype[]
+as 'select array_append($1,ROW($2,$3,$4)::aggtype)'
+language sql immutable;
+create aggregate aggfstr(integer,integer,text) (
+   sfunc = aggf_trans, stype = aggtype[],
+   initcond = '{}'
+);
+create aggregate aggfns(integer,integer,text) (
+   sfunc = aggfns_trans, stype = aggtype[], sspace = 10000,
+   initcond = '{}'
+);
+-- check error cases that would require run-time type coercion
+create function least_accum(int8, int8) returns int8 language sql as
+  'select least($1, $2)';
+create aggregate least_agg(int4) (
+  stype = int8, sfunc = least_accum
+);  -- fails
+ERROR:  function least_accum(bigint, bigint) requires run-time type coercion
+drop function least_accum(int8, int8);
+create function least_accum(anycompatible, anycompatible)
+returns anycompatible language sql as
+  'select least($1, $2)';
+create aggregate least_agg(int4) (
+  stype = int8, sfunc = least_accum
+);  -- fails
+ERROR:  function least_accum(bigint, bigint) requires run-time type coercion
+create aggregate least_agg(int8) (
+  stype = int8, sfunc = least_accum
+);
+drop function least_accum(anycompatible, anycompatible) cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to function least_agg(bigint)
+-- variadic aggregates
+create function least_accum(anyelement, variadic anyarray)
+returns anyelement language sql as
+  'select least($1, min($2[i])) from generate_subscripts($2,1) g(i)';
+create aggregate least_agg(variadic items anyarray) (
+  stype = anyelement, sfunc = least_accum
+);
+create function cleast_accum(anycompatible, variadic anycompatiblearray)
+returns anycompatible language sql as
+  'select least($1, min($2[i])) from generate_subscripts($2,1) g(i)';
+create aggregate cleast_agg(variadic items anycompatiblearray) (
+  stype = anycompatible, sfunc = cleast_accum
+);
+-- test ordered-set aggs using built-in support functions
+create aggregate my_percentile_disc(float8 ORDER BY anyelement) (
+  stype = internal,
+  sfunc = ordered_set_transition,
+  finalfunc = percentile_disc_final,
+  finalfunc_extra = true,
+  finalfunc_modify = read_write
+);
+create aggregate my_rank(VARIADIC "any" ORDER BY VARIADIC "any") (
+  stype = internal,
+  sfunc = ordered_set_transition_multi,
+  finalfunc = rank_final,
+  finalfunc_extra = true,
+  hypothetical
+);
+alter aggregate my_percentile_disc(float8 ORDER BY anyelement)
+  rename to test_percentile_disc;
+alter aggregate my_rank(VARIADIC "any" ORDER BY VARIADIC "any")
+  rename to test_rank;
+\da test_*
+                                       List of aggregate functions
+ Schema |         Name         | Result data type |          Argument data types           | Description 
+--------+----------------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+-------------
+ public | test_percentile_disc | anyelement       | double precision ORDER BY anyelement   | 
+ public | test_rank            | bigint           | VARIADIC "any" ORDER BY VARIADIC "any" | 
+(2 rows)
+
+-- moving-aggregate options
+CREATE AGGREGATE sumdouble (float8)
+(
+    stype = float8,
+    sfunc = float8pl,
+    mstype = float8,
+    msfunc = float8pl,
+    minvfunc = float8mi
+);
+-- aggregate combine and serialization functions
+-- can't specify just one of serialfunc and deserialfunc
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize
+);
+ERROR:  must specify both or neither of serialization and deserialization functions
+-- serialfunc must have correct parameters
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_deserialize,
+	deserialfunc = numeric_avg_deserialize
+);
+ERROR:  function numeric_avg_deserialize(internal) does not exist
+-- deserialfunc must have correct parameters
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize,
+	deserialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize
+);
+ERROR:  function numeric_avg_serialize(bytea, internal) does not exist
+-- ensure combine function parameters are checked
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize,
+	deserialfunc = numeric_avg_deserialize,
+	combinefunc = int4larger
+);
+ERROR:  function int4larger(internal, internal) does not exist
+-- ensure create aggregate works.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	finalfunc = numeric_avg,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize,
+	deserialfunc = numeric_avg_deserialize,
+	combinefunc = numeric_avg_combine,
+	finalfunc_modify = shareable  -- just to test a non-default setting
+);
+-- Ensure all these functions made it into the catalog
+SELECT aggfnoid, aggtransfn, aggcombinefn, aggtranstype::regtype,
+       aggserialfn, aggdeserialfn, aggfinalmodify
+FROM pg_aggregate
+WHERE aggfnoid = 'myavg'::REGPROC;
+ aggfnoid |    aggtransfn     |    aggcombinefn     | aggtranstype |      aggserialfn      |      aggdeserialfn      | aggfinalmodify 
+----------+-------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+----------------
+ myavg    | numeric_avg_accum | numeric_avg_combine | internal     | numeric_avg_serialize | numeric_avg_deserialize | s
+(1 row)
+
+DROP AGGREGATE myavg (numeric);
+-- create or replace aggregate
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	finalfunc = numeric_avg
+);
+CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	finalfunc = numeric_avg,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize,
+	deserialfunc = numeric_avg_deserialize,
+	combinefunc = numeric_avg_combine,
+	finalfunc_modify = shareable  -- just to test a non-default setting
+);
+-- Ensure all these functions made it into the catalog again
+SELECT aggfnoid, aggtransfn, aggcombinefn, aggtranstype::regtype,
+       aggserialfn, aggdeserialfn, aggfinalmodify
+FROM pg_aggregate
+WHERE aggfnoid = 'myavg'::REGPROC;
+ aggfnoid |    aggtransfn     |    aggcombinefn     | aggtranstype |      aggserialfn      |      aggdeserialfn      | aggfinalmodify 
+----------+-------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+----------------
+ myavg    | numeric_avg_accum | numeric_avg_combine | internal     | numeric_avg_serialize | numeric_avg_deserialize | s
+(1 row)
+
+-- can change stype:
+CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = numeric,
+	sfunc = numeric_add
+);
+SELECT aggfnoid, aggtransfn, aggcombinefn, aggtranstype::regtype,
+       aggserialfn, aggdeserialfn, aggfinalmodify
+FROM pg_aggregate
+WHERE aggfnoid = 'myavg'::REGPROC;
+ aggfnoid | aggtransfn  | aggcombinefn | aggtranstype | aggserialfn | aggdeserialfn | aggfinalmodify 
+----------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------+----------------
+ myavg    | numeric_add | -            | numeric      | -           | -             | r
+(1 row)
+
+-- can't change return type:
+CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = numeric,
+	sfunc = numeric_add,
+	finalfunc = numeric_out
+);
+ERROR:  cannot change return type of existing function
+HINT:  Use DROP AGGREGATE myavg(numeric) first.
+-- can't change to a different kind:
+CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE myavg (order by numeric)
+(
+	stype = numeric,
+	sfunc = numeric_add
+);
+ERROR:  cannot change routine kind
+DETAIL:  "myavg" is an ordinary aggregate function.
+-- can't change plain function to aggregate:
+create function sum4(int8,int8,int8,int8) returns int8 as
+'select $1 + $2 + $3 + $4' language sql strict immutable;
+CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE sum3 (int8,int8,int8)
+(
+	stype = int8,
+	sfunc = sum4
+);
+ERROR:  cannot change routine kind
+DETAIL:  "sum3" is a function.
+drop function sum4(int8,int8,int8,int8);
+DROP AGGREGATE myavg (numeric);
+-- invalid: bad parallel-safety marking
+CREATE AGGREGATE mysum (int)
+(
+	stype = int,
+	sfunc = int4pl,
+	parallel = pear
+);
+ERROR:  parameter "parallel" must be SAFE, RESTRICTED, or UNSAFE
+-- invalid: nonstrict inverse with strict forward function
+CREATE FUNCTION float8mi_n(float8, float8) RETURNS float8 AS
+$$ SELECT $1 - $2; $$
+LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE AGGREGATE invalidsumdouble (float8)
+(
+    stype = float8,
+    sfunc = float8pl,
+    mstype = float8,
+    msfunc = float8pl,
+    minvfunc = float8mi_n
+);
+ERROR:  strictness of aggregate's forward and inverse transition functions must match
+-- invalid: non-matching result types
+CREATE FUNCTION float8mi_int(float8, float8) RETURNS int AS
+$$ SELECT CAST($1 - $2 AS INT); $$
+LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE AGGREGATE wrongreturntype (float8)
+(
+    stype = float8,
+    sfunc = float8pl,
+    mstype = float8,
+    msfunc = float8pl,
+    minvfunc = float8mi_int
+);
+ERROR:  return type of inverse transition function float8mi_int is not double precision
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE AGGREGATE case_agg ( -- old syntax
+	"Sfunc1" = int4pl,
+	"Basetype" = int4,
+	"Stype1" = int4,
+	"Initcond1" = '0',
+	"Parallel" = safe
+);
+WARNING:  aggregate attribute "Sfunc1" not recognized
+WARNING:  aggregate attribute "Basetype" not recognized
+WARNING:  aggregate attribute "Stype1" not recognized
+WARNING:  aggregate attribute "Initcond1" not recognized
+WARNING:  aggregate attribute "Parallel" not recognized
+ERROR:  aggregate stype must be specified
+CREATE AGGREGATE case_agg(float8)
+(
+	"Stype" = internal,
+	"Sfunc" = ordered_set_transition,
+	"Finalfunc" = percentile_disc_final,
+	"Finalfunc_extra" = true,
+	"Finalfunc_modify" = read_write,
+	"Parallel" = safe
+);
+WARNING:  aggregate attribute "Stype" not recognized
+WARNING:  aggregate attribute "Sfunc" not recognized
+WARNING:  aggregate attribute "Finalfunc" not recognized
+WARNING:  aggregate attribute "Finalfunc_extra" not recognized
+WARNING:  aggregate attribute "Finalfunc_modify" not recognized
+WARNING:  aggregate attribute "Parallel" not recognized
+ERROR:  aggregate stype must be specified
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_am.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_am.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b50293d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_am.out
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+--
+-- Create access method tests
+--
+-- Make gist2 over gisthandler. In fact, it would be a synonym to gist.
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD gist2 TYPE INDEX HANDLER gisthandler;
+-- Verify return type checks for handlers
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD bogus TYPE INDEX HANDLER int4in;
+ERROR:  function int4in(internal) does not exist
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD bogus TYPE INDEX HANDLER heap_tableam_handler;
+ERROR:  function heap_tableam_handler must return type index_am_handler
+-- Try to create gist2 index on fast_emp4000: fail because opclass doesn't exist
+CREATE INDEX grect2ind2 ON fast_emp4000 USING gist2 (home_base);
+ERROR:  data type box has no default operator class for access method "gist2"
+HINT:  You must specify an operator class for the index or define a default operator class for the data type.
+-- Make operator class for boxes using gist2
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS box_ops DEFAULT
+	FOR TYPE box USING gist2 AS
+	OPERATOR 1	<<,
+	OPERATOR 2	&<,
+	OPERATOR 3	&&,
+	OPERATOR 4	&>,
+	OPERATOR 5	>>,
+	OPERATOR 6	~=,
+	OPERATOR 7	@>,
+	OPERATOR 8	<@,
+	OPERATOR 9	&<|,
+	OPERATOR 10	<<|,
+	OPERATOR 11	|>>,
+	OPERATOR 12	|&>,
+	FUNCTION 1	gist_box_consistent(internal, box, smallint, oid, internal),
+	FUNCTION 2	gist_box_union(internal, internal),
+	-- don't need compress, decompress, or fetch functions
+	FUNCTION 5	gist_box_penalty(internal, internal, internal),
+	FUNCTION 6	gist_box_picksplit(internal, internal),
+	FUNCTION 7	gist_box_same(box, box, internal);
+-- Create gist2 index on fast_emp4000
+CREATE INDEX grect2ind2 ON fast_emp4000 USING gist2 (home_base);
+-- Now check the results from plain indexscan; temporarily drop existing
+-- index grect2ind to ensure it doesn't capture the plan
+BEGIN;
+DROP INDEX grect2ind;
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000
+    WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box
+    ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0];
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: ((home_base[0])[0])
+   ->  Index Only Scan using grect2ind2 on fast_emp4000
+         Index Cond: (home_base <@ '(2000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000
+    WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box
+    ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0];
+       home_base       
+-----------------------
+ (337,455),(240,359)
+ (1444,403),(1346,344)
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using grect2ind2 on fast_emp4000
+         Index Cond: (home_base && '(1000,1000),(0,0)'::box)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using grect2ind2 on fast_emp4000
+         Index Cond: (home_base IS NULL)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+   278
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Try to drop access method: fail because of dependent objects
+DROP ACCESS METHOD gist2;
+ERROR:  cannot drop access method gist2 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  index grect2ind2 depends on operator class box_ops for access method gist2
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- Drop access method cascade
+-- To prevent a (rare) deadlock against autovacuum,
+-- we must lock the table that owns the index that will be dropped
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE fast_emp4000;
+DROP ACCESS METHOD gist2 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to index grect2ind2
+COMMIT;
+--
+-- Test table access methods
+--
+-- prevent empty values
+SET default_table_access_method = '';
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "default_table_access_method": ""
+DETAIL:  default_table_access_method cannot be empty.
+-- prevent nonexistent values
+SET default_table_access_method = 'I do not exist AM';
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "default_table_access_method": "I do not exist AM"
+DETAIL:  Table access method "I do not exist AM" does not exist.
+-- prevent setting it to an index AM
+SET default_table_access_method = 'btree';
+ERROR:  access method "btree" is not of type TABLE
+-- Create a heap2 table am handler with heapam handler
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD heap2 TYPE TABLE HANDLER heap_tableam_handler;
+-- Verify return type checks for handlers
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD bogus TYPE TABLE HANDLER int4in;
+ERROR:  function int4in(internal) does not exist
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD bogus TYPE TABLE HANDLER bthandler;
+ERROR:  function bthandler must return type table_am_handler
+SELECT amname, amhandler, amtype FROM pg_am where amtype = 't' ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ amname |      amhandler       | amtype 
+--------+----------------------+--------
+ heap   | heap_tableam_handler | t
+ heap2  | heap_tableam_handler | t
+(2 rows)
+
+-- First create tables employing the new AM using USING
+-- plain CREATE TABLE
+CREATE TABLE tableam_tbl_heap2(f1 int) USING heap2;
+INSERT INTO tableam_tbl_heap2 VALUES(1);
+SELECT f1 FROM tableam_tbl_heap2 ORDER BY f1;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+-- CREATE TABLE AS
+CREATE TABLE tableam_tblas_heap2 USING heap2 AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heap2;
+SELECT f1 FROM tableam_tbl_heap2 ORDER BY f1;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+-- SELECT INTO doesn't support USING
+SELECT INTO tableam_tblselectinto_heap2 USING heap2 FROM tableam_tbl_heap2;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "USING"
+LINE 1: SELECT INTO tableam_tblselectinto_heap2 USING heap2 FROM tab...
+                                                ^
+-- CREATE VIEW doesn't support USING
+CREATE VIEW tableam_view_heap2 USING heap2 AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heap2;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "USING"
+LINE 1: CREATE VIEW tableam_view_heap2 USING heap2 AS SELECT * FROM ...
+                                       ^
+-- CREATE SEQUENCE doesn't support USING
+CREATE SEQUENCE tableam_seq_heap2 USING heap2;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "USING"
+LINE 1: CREATE SEQUENCE tableam_seq_heap2 USING heap2;
+                                          ^
+-- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW does support USING
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW tableam_tblmv_heap2 USING heap2 AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heap2;
+SELECT f1 FROM tableam_tblmv_heap2 ORDER BY f1;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+-- CREATE TABLE ..  PARTITION BY doesn't not support USING
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_heap2 (a text, b int) PARTITION BY list (a) USING heap2;
+ERROR:  specifying a table access method is not supported on a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_heap2 (a text, b int) PARTITION BY list (a);
+-- new partitions will inherit from the current default, rather the partition root
+SET default_table_access_method = 'heap';
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_a_heap2 PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heap2 FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+SET default_table_access_method = 'heap2';
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_b_heap2 PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heap2 FOR VALUES IN ('b');
+RESET default_table_access_method;
+-- but the method can be explicitly specified
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_c_heap2 PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heap2 FOR VALUES IN ('c') USING heap;
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_d_heap2 PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heap2 FOR VALUES IN ('d') USING heap2;
+-- List all objects in AM
+SELECT
+    pc.relkind,
+    pa.amname,
+    CASE WHEN relkind = 't' THEN
+        (SELECT 'toast for ' || relname::regclass FROM pg_class pcm WHERE pcm.reltoastrelid = pc.oid)
+    ELSE
+        relname::regclass::text
+    END COLLATE "C" AS relname
+FROM pg_class AS pc,
+    pg_am AS pa
+WHERE pa.oid = pc.relam
+   AND pa.amname = 'heap2'
+ORDER BY 3, 1, 2;
+ relkind | amname |             relname              
+---------+--------+----------------------------------
+ r       | heap2  | tableam_parted_b_heap2
+ r       | heap2  | tableam_parted_d_heap2
+ r       | heap2  | tableam_tbl_heap2
+ r       | heap2  | tableam_tblas_heap2
+ m       | heap2  | tableam_tblmv_heap2
+ t       | heap2  | toast for tableam_parted_b_heap2
+ t       | heap2  | toast for tableam_parted_d_heap2
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Show dependencies onto AM - there shouldn't be any for toast
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid,objid,objsubid) AS obj
+FROM pg_depend, pg_am
+WHERE pg_depend.refclassid = 'pg_am'::regclass
+    AND pg_am.oid = pg_depend.refobjid
+    AND pg_am.amname = 'heap2'
+ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+                  obj                  
+---------------------------------------
+ table tableam_tbl_heap2
+ table tableam_tblas_heap2
+ materialized view tableam_tblmv_heap2
+ table tableam_parted_b_heap2
+ table tableam_parted_d_heap2
+(5 rows)
+
+-- ALTER TABLE SET ACCESS METHOD
+CREATE TABLE heaptable USING heap AS
+  SELECT a, repeat(a::text, 100) FROM generate_series(1,9) AS a;
+SELECT amname FROM pg_class c, pg_am am
+  WHERE c.relam = am.oid AND c.oid = 'heaptable'::regclass;
+ amname 
+--------
+ heap
+(1 row)
+
+-- Switching to heap2 adds new dependency entry to the AM.
+ALTER TABLE heaptable SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+  FROM pg_depend
+  WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+        objid = 'heaptable'::regclass
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+       obj       |       objref        | deptype 
+-----------------+---------------------+---------
+ table heaptable | access method heap2 | n
+ table heaptable | schema public       | n
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Switching to heap should not have a dependency entry to the AM.
+ALTER TABLE heaptable SET ACCESS METHOD heap;
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+  FROM pg_depend
+  WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+        objid = 'heaptable'::regclass
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+       obj       |    objref     | deptype 
+-----------------+---------------+---------
+ table heaptable | schema public | n
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE heaptable SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+SELECT amname FROM pg_class c, pg_am am
+  WHERE c.relam = am.oid AND c.oid = 'heaptable'::regclass;
+ amname 
+--------
+ heap2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(a), COUNT(1) FILTER(WHERE a=1) FROM heaptable;
+ count | count 
+-------+-------
+     9 |     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW SET ACCESS METHOD
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv USING heap AS SELECT * FROM heaptable;
+SELECT amname FROM pg_class c, pg_am am
+  WHERE c.relam = am.oid AND c.oid = 'heapmv'::regclass;
+ amname 
+--------
+ heap
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+SELECT amname FROM pg_class c, pg_am am
+  WHERE c.relam = am.oid AND c.oid = 'heapmv'::regclass;
+ amname 
+--------
+ heap2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(a), COUNT(1) FILTER(WHERE a=1) FROM heapmv;
+ count | count 
+-------+-------
+     9 |     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- No support for multiple subcommands
+ALTER TABLE heaptable SET ACCESS METHOD heap, SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+ERROR:  cannot have multiple SET ACCESS METHOD subcommands
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv SET ACCESS METHOD heap, SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+ERROR:  cannot have multiple SET ACCESS METHOD subcommands
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv;
+DROP TABLE heaptable;
+-- No support for partitioned tables.
+CREATE TABLE am_partitioned(x INT, y INT)
+  PARTITION BY hash (x);
+ALTER TABLE am_partitioned SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+ERROR:  cannot change access method of a partitioned table
+DROP TABLE am_partitioned;
+-- Second, create objects in the new AM by changing the default AM
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL default_table_access_method = 'heap2';
+-- following tests should all respect the default AM
+CREATE TABLE tableam_tbl_heapx(f1 int);
+CREATE TABLE tableam_tblas_heapx AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heapx;
+SELECT INTO tableam_tblselectinto_heapx FROM tableam_tbl_heapx;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW tableam_tblmv_heapx USING heap2 AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heapx;
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_heapx (a text, b int) PARTITION BY list (a);
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_1_heapx PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heapx FOR VALUES IN ('a', 'b');
+-- but an explicitly set AM overrides it
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_2_heapx PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heapx FOR VALUES IN ('c', 'd') USING heap;
+-- sequences, views and foreign servers shouldn't have an AM
+CREATE VIEW tableam_view_heapx AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heapx;
+CREATE SEQUENCE tableam_seq_heapx;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdw_heap2 VALIDATOR postgresql_fdw_validator;
+CREATE SERVER fs_heap2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdw_heap2 ;
+CREATE FOREIGN table tableam_fdw_heapx () SERVER fs_heap2;
+-- Verify that new AM was used for tables, matviews, but not for sequences, views and fdws
+SELECT
+    pc.relkind,
+    pa.amname,
+    CASE WHEN relkind = 't' THEN
+        (SELECT 'toast for ' || relname::regclass FROM pg_class pcm WHERE pcm.reltoastrelid = pc.oid)
+    ELSE
+        relname::regclass::text
+    END COLLATE "C" AS relname
+FROM pg_class AS pc
+    LEFT JOIN pg_am AS pa ON (pa.oid = pc.relam)
+WHERE pc.relname LIKE 'tableam_%_heapx'
+ORDER BY 3, 1, 2;
+ relkind | amname |           relname           
+---------+--------+-----------------------------
+ f       |        | tableam_fdw_heapx
+ r       | heap2  | tableam_parted_1_heapx
+ r       | heap   | tableam_parted_2_heapx
+ p       |        | tableam_parted_heapx
+ S       |        | tableam_seq_heapx
+ r       | heap2  | tableam_tbl_heapx
+ r       | heap2  | tableam_tblas_heapx
+ m       | heap2  | tableam_tblmv_heapx
+ r       | heap2  | tableam_tblselectinto_heapx
+ v       |        | tableam_view_heapx
+(10 rows)
+
+-- don't want to keep those tables, nor the default
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Third, check that we can neither create a table using a nonexistent
+-- AM, nor using an index AM
+CREATE TABLE i_am_a_failure() USING "";
+ERROR:  zero-length delimited identifier at or near """"
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE i_am_a_failure() USING "";
+                                            ^
+CREATE TABLE i_am_a_failure() USING i_do_not_exist_am;
+ERROR:  access method "i_do_not_exist_am" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE i_am_a_failure() USING "I do not exist AM";
+ERROR:  access method "I do not exist AM" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE i_am_a_failure() USING "btree";
+ERROR:  access method "btree" is not of type TABLE
+-- Drop table access method, which fails as objects depends on it
+DROP ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+ERROR:  cannot drop access method heap2 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  table tableam_tbl_heap2 depends on access method heap2
+table tableam_tblas_heap2 depends on access method heap2
+materialized view tableam_tblmv_heap2 depends on access method heap2
+table tableam_parted_b_heap2 depends on access method heap2
+table tableam_parted_d_heap2 depends on access method heap2
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- we intentionally leave the objects created above alive, to verify pg_dump support
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_cast.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_cast.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88f94a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_cast.out
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_CAST
+--
+-- Create some types to test with
+CREATE TYPE casttesttype;
+CREATE FUNCTION casttesttype_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS casttesttype
+   AS 'textin'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  return type casttesttype is only a shell
+CREATE FUNCTION casttesttype_out(casttesttype)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS 'textout'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  argument type casttesttype is only a shell
+CREATE TYPE casttesttype (
+   internallength = variable,
+   input = casttesttype_in,
+   output = casttesttype_out,
+   alignment = int4
+);
+-- a dummy function to test with
+CREATE FUNCTION casttestfunc(casttesttype) RETURNS int4 LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ SELECT 1; $$;
+SELECT casttestfunc('foo'::text); -- fails, as there's no cast
+ERROR:  function casttestfunc(text) does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT casttestfunc('foo'::text);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+-- Try binary coercion cast
+CREATE CAST (text AS casttesttype) WITHOUT FUNCTION;
+SELECT casttestfunc('foo'::text); -- doesn't work, as the cast is explicit
+ERROR:  function casttestfunc(text) does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT casttestfunc('foo'::text);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+SELECT casttestfunc('foo'::text::casttesttype); -- should work
+ casttestfunc 
+--------------
+            1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP CAST (text AS casttesttype); -- cleanup
+-- Try IMPLICIT binary coercion cast
+CREATE CAST (text AS casttesttype) WITHOUT FUNCTION AS IMPLICIT;
+SELECT casttestfunc('foo'::text); -- Should work now
+ casttestfunc 
+--------------
+            1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Try I/O conversion cast.
+SELECT 1234::int4::casttesttype; -- No cast yet, should fail
+ERROR:  cannot cast type integer to casttesttype
+LINE 1: SELECT 1234::int4::casttesttype;
+                         ^
+CREATE CAST (int4 AS casttesttype) WITH INOUT;
+SELECT 1234::int4::casttesttype; -- Should work now
+ casttesttype 
+--------------
+ 1234
+(1 row)
+
+DROP CAST (int4 AS casttesttype);
+-- Try cast with a function
+CREATE FUNCTION int4_casttesttype(int4) RETURNS casttesttype LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ SELECT ('foo'::text || $1::text)::casttesttype; $$;
+CREATE CAST (int4 AS casttesttype) WITH FUNCTION int4_casttesttype(int4) AS IMPLICIT;
+SELECT 1234::int4::casttesttype; -- Should work now
+ casttesttype 
+--------------
+ foo1234
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_function_c.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_function_c.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2dba9d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_function_c.out
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_FUNCTION_C
+--
+-- This script used to create C functions for other scripts to use.
+-- But to get rid of the ordering dependencies that caused, such
+-- functions are now made either in test_setup.sql or in the specific
+-- test script that needs them.  All that remains here is error cases.
+-- directory path and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+--
+-- Check LOAD command.  (The alternative of implicitly loading the library
+-- is checked in many other test scripts.)
+--
+LOAD :'regresslib';
+-- Things that shouldn't work:
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE C
+    AS 'nosuchfile';
+ERROR:  could not access file "nosuchfile": No such file or directory
+-- To produce stable regression test output, we have to filter the name
+-- of the regresslib file out of the error message in this test.
+\set VERBOSITY sqlstate
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE C
+    AS :'regresslib', 'nosuchsymbol';
+ERROR:  42883
+\set VERBOSITY default
+SELECT regexp_replace(:'LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE', 'file ".*"', 'file "..."');
+                    regexp_replace                    
+------------------------------------------------------
+ could not find function "nosuchsymbol" in file "..."
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE internal
+    AS 'nosuch';
+ERROR:  there is no built-in function named "nosuch"
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_function_sql.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_function_sql.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50aca59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_function_sql.out
@@ -0,0 +1,743 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_FUNCTION_SQL
+--
+-- Assorted tests using SQL-language functions
+--
+-- All objects made in this test are in temp_func_test schema
+CREATE USER regress_unpriv_user;
+CREATE SCHEMA temp_func_test;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA temp_func_test TO public;
+SET search_path TO temp_func_test, public;
+--
+-- Make sanity checks on the pg_proc entries created by CREATE FUNCTION
+--
+--
+-- ARGUMENT and RETURN TYPES
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_A_1(text, date) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1 = ''abcd'' AND $2 > ''2001-01-01''';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_A_2(text[]) RETURNS int LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1[1]::int';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_A_3() RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT false';
+SELECT proname, prorettype::regtype, proargtypes::regtype[] FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_A_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_A_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_A_3'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+   proname    | prorettype |    proargtypes    
+--------------+------------+-------------------
+ functest_a_1 | boolean    | [0:1]={text,date}
+ functest_a_2 | integer    | [0:0]={text[]}
+ functest_a_3 | boolean    | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT functest_A_1('abcd', '2020-01-01');
+ functest_a_1 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT functest_A_2(ARRAY['1', '2', '3']);
+ functest_a_2 
+--------------
+            1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT functest_A_3();
+ functest_a_3 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_B_1(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1 > 0';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_B_2(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       IMMUTABLE AS 'SELECT $1 > 0';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_B_3(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       STABLE AS 'SELECT $1 = 0';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_B_4(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       VOLATILE AS 'SELECT $1 < 0';
+SELECT proname, provolatile FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_B_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_B_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_B_3'::regproc,
+		     'functest_B_4'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+   proname    | provolatile 
+--------------+-------------
+ functest_b_1 | v
+ functest_b_2 | i
+ functest_b_3 | s
+ functest_b_4 | v
+(4 rows)
+
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_B_2(int) VOLATILE;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_B_3(int) COST 100;	-- unrelated change, no effect
+SELECT proname, provolatile FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_B_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_B_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_B_3'::regproc,
+		     'functest_B_4'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+   proname    | provolatile 
+--------------+-------------
+ functest_b_1 | v
+ functest_b_2 | v
+ functest_b_3 | s
+ functest_b_4 | v
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- SECURITY DEFINER | INVOKER
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_C_1(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1 > 0';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_C_2(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       SECURITY DEFINER AS 'SELECT $1 = 0';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_C_3(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       SECURITY INVOKER AS 'SELECT $1 < 0';
+SELECT proname, prosecdef FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_C_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_C_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_C_3'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+   proname    | prosecdef 
+--------------+-----------
+ functest_c_1 | f
+ functest_c_2 | t
+ functest_c_3 | f
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_C_1(int) IMMUTABLE;	-- unrelated change, no effect
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_C_2(int) SECURITY INVOKER;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_C_3(int) SECURITY DEFINER;
+SELECT proname, prosecdef FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_C_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_C_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_C_3'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+   proname    | prosecdef 
+--------------+-----------
+ functest_c_1 | f
+ functest_c_2 | f
+ functest_c_3 | t
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- LEAKPROOF
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_E_1(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1 > 100';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_E_2(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       LEAKPROOF AS 'SELECT $1 > 100';
+SELECT proname, proleakproof FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_E_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_E_2'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+   proname    | proleakproof 
+--------------+--------------
+ functest_e_1 | f
+ functest_e_2 | t
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_1(int) LEAKPROOF;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_2(int) STABLE;	-- unrelated change, no effect
+SELECT proname, proleakproof FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_E_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_E_2'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+   proname    | proleakproof 
+--------------+--------------
+ functest_e_1 | t
+ functest_e_2 | t
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_2(int) NOT LEAKPROOF;	-- remove leakproof attribute
+SELECT proname, proleakproof FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_E_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_E_2'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+   proname    | proleakproof 
+--------------+--------------
+ functest_e_1 | t
+ functest_e_2 | f
+(2 rows)
+
+-- it takes superuser privilege to turn on leakproof, but not to turn off
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_1(int) OWNER TO regress_unpriv_user;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_2(int) OWNER TO regress_unpriv_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_unpriv_user;
+SET search_path TO temp_func_test, public;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_1(int) NOT LEAKPROOF;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_2(int) LEAKPROOF;
+ERROR:  only superuser can define a leakproof function
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_E_3(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       LEAKPROOF AS 'SELECT $1 < 200';	-- fail
+ERROR:  only superuser can define a leakproof function
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+--
+-- CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_F_1(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1 > 50';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_F_2(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       CALLED ON NULL INPUT AS 'SELECT $1 = 50';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_F_3(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT AS 'SELECT $1 < 50';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_F_4(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       STRICT AS 'SELECT $1 = 50';
+SELECT proname, proisstrict FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_F_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_3'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_4'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+   proname    | proisstrict 
+--------------+-------------
+ functest_f_1 | f
+ functest_f_2 | f
+ functest_f_3 | t
+ functest_f_4 | t
+(4 rows)
+
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_F_1(int) IMMUTABLE;	-- unrelated change, no effect
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_F_2(int) STRICT;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_F_3(int) CALLED ON NULL INPUT;
+SELECT proname, proisstrict FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_F_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_3'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_4'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+   proname    | proisstrict 
+--------------+-------------
+ functest_f_1 | f
+ functest_f_2 | t
+ functest_f_3 | f
+ functest_f_4 | t
+(4 rows)
+
+-- pg_get_functiondef tests
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_A_1'::regproc);
+                         pg_get_functiondef                         
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_a_1(text, date)+
+  RETURNS boolean                                                  +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                                     +
+ AS $function$SELECT $1 = 'abcd' AND $2 > '2001-01-01'$function$   +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_B_3'::regproc);
+                       pg_get_functiondef                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_b_3(integer)+
+  RETURNS boolean                                               +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                                  +
+  STABLE                                                        +
+ AS $function$SELECT $1 = 0$function$                           +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_C_3'::regproc);
+                       pg_get_functiondef                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_c_3(integer)+
+  RETURNS boolean                                               +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                                  +
+  SECURITY DEFINER                                              +
+ AS $function$SELECT $1 < 0$function$                           +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_F_2'::regproc);
+                       pg_get_functiondef                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_f_2(integer)+
+  RETURNS boolean                                               +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                                  +
+  STRICT                                                        +
+ AS $function$SELECT $1 = 50$function$                          +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- SQL-standard body
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_1(a text, b date) RETURNS boolean
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    RETURN a = 'abcd' AND b > '2001-01-01';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_2(a text[]) RETURNS int
+    RETURN a[1]::int;
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_3() RETURNS boolean
+    RETURN false;
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_3a() RETURNS boolean
+    BEGIN ATOMIC
+        ;;RETURN false;;
+    END;
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_10(a text, b date) RETURNS boolean
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    BEGIN ATOMIC
+        SELECT a = 'abcd' AND b > '2001-01-01';
+    END;
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_13() RETURNS boolean
+    BEGIN ATOMIC
+        SELECT 1;
+        SELECT false;
+    END;
+-- check display of function arguments in sub-SELECT
+CREATE TABLE functest1 (i int);
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_16(a int, b int) RETURNS void
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    BEGIN ATOMIC
+        INSERT INTO functest1 SELECT a + $2;
+    END;
+-- error: duplicate function body
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_xxx(x int) RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS $$ SELECT x * 2 $$
+    RETURN x * 3;
+ERROR:  duplicate function body specified
+-- polymorphic arguments not allowed in this form
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_xx(x anyarray) RETURNS anyelement
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    RETURN x[1];
+ERROR:  SQL function with unquoted function body cannot have polymorphic arguments
+-- check reporting of parse-analysis errors
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_xx(x date) RETURNS boolean
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    RETURN x > 1;
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: date > integer
+LINE 3:     RETURN x > 1;
+                     ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+-- tricky parsing
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_15(x int) RETURNS boolean
+LANGUAGE SQL
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+    select case when x % 2 = 0 then true else false end;
+END;
+SELECT functest_S_1('abcd', '2020-01-01');
+ functest_s_1 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT functest_S_2(ARRAY['1', '2', '3']);
+ functest_s_2 
+--------------
+            1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT functest_S_3();
+ functest_s_3 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT functest_S_10('abcd', '2020-01-01');
+ functest_s_10 
+---------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT functest_S_13();
+ functest_s_13 
+---------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_1'::regproc);
+                           pg_get_functiondef                           
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_s_1(a text, b date)+
+  RETURNS boolean                                                      +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                                         +
+ RETURN ((a = 'abcd'::text) AND (b > '01-01-2001'::date))              +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_2'::regproc);
+                        pg_get_functiondef                        
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_s_2(a text[])+
+  RETURNS integer                                                +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                                   +
+ RETURN ((a)[1])::integer                                        +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_3'::regproc);
+                    pg_get_functiondef                    
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_s_3()+
+  RETURNS boolean                                        +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                           +
+ RETURN false                                            +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_3a'::regproc);
+                    pg_get_functiondef                     
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_s_3a()+
+  RETURNS boolean                                         +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                            +
+ BEGIN ATOMIC                                             +
+  RETURN false;                                           +
+ END                                                      +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_10'::regproc);
+                           pg_get_functiondef                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_s_10(a text, b date)+
+  RETURNS boolean                                                       +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                                          +
+ BEGIN ATOMIC                                                           +
+  SELECT ((a = 'abcd'::text) AND (b > '01-01-2001'::date));             +
+ END                                                                    +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_13'::regproc);
+                    pg_get_functiondef                     
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_s_13()+
+  RETURNS boolean                                         +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                            +
+ BEGIN ATOMIC                                             +
+  SELECT 1;                                               +
+  SELECT false;                                           +
+ END                                                      +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_15'::regproc);
+                         pg_get_functiondef                         
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_s_15(x integer)+
+  RETURNS boolean                                                  +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                                     +
+ BEGIN ATOMIC                                                      +
+  SELECT                                                           +
+          CASE                                                     +
+              WHEN ((x % 2) = 0) THEN true                         +
+              ELSE false                                           +
+          END AS "case";                                           +
+ END                                                               +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_16'::regproc);
+                              pg_get_functiondef                               
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION temp_func_test.functest_s_16(a integer, b integer)+
+  RETURNS void                                                                +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                                                +
+ BEGIN ATOMIC                                                                 +
+  INSERT INTO functest1 (i)  SELECT (functest_s_16.a + functest_s_16.b);      +
+ END                                                                          +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE functest1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to function functest_s_16(integer,integer)
+-- test with views
+CREATE TABLE functest3 (a int);
+INSERT INTO functest3 VALUES (1), (2);
+CREATE VIEW functestv3 AS SELECT * FROM functest3;
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_14() RETURNS bigint
+    RETURN (SELECT count(*) FROM functestv3);
+SELECT functest_S_14();
+ functest_s_14 
+---------------
+             2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE functest3 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view functestv3
+drop cascades to function functest_s_14()
+-- information_schema tests
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_1(a int, b int default 1, c text default 'foo')
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT $1 + $2';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_2(out a int, b int default 1)
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT $1';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_3(a int default 1, out b int)
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT $1';
+SELECT routine_name, ordinal_position, parameter_name, parameter_default
+    FROM information_schema.parameters JOIN information_schema.routines USING (specific_schema, specific_name)
+    WHERE routine_schema = 'temp_func_test' AND routine_name ~ '^functest_is_'
+    ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ routine_name  | ordinal_position | parameter_name | parameter_default 
+---------------+------------------+----------------+-------------------
+ functest_is_1 |                1 | a              | 
+ functest_is_1 |                2 | b              | 1
+ functest_is_1 |                3 | c              | 'foo'::text
+ functest_is_2 |                1 | a              | 
+ functest_is_2 |                2 | b              | 1
+ functest_is_3 |                1 | a              | 1
+ functest_is_3 |                2 | b              | 
+(7 rows)
+
+DROP FUNCTION functest_IS_1(int, int, text), functest_IS_2(int), functest_IS_3(int);
+-- routine usage views
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_4a() RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT 1';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_4b(x int DEFAULT functest_IS_4a()) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT x';
+CREATE SEQUENCE functest1;
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_5(x int DEFAULT nextval('functest1'))
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT x';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_6()
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    RETURN nextval('functest1');
+CREATE TABLE functest2 (a int, b int);
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_7()
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    RETURN (SELECT count(a) FROM functest2);
+SELECT r0.routine_name, r1.routine_name
+  FROM information_schema.routine_routine_usage rru
+       JOIN information_schema.routines r0 ON r0.specific_name = rru.specific_name
+       JOIN information_schema.routines r1 ON r1.specific_name = rru.routine_name
+  WHERE r0.routine_schema = 'temp_func_test' AND
+        r1.routine_schema = 'temp_func_test'
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+  routine_name  |  routine_name  
+----------------+----------------
+ functest_is_4b | functest_is_4a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT routine_name, sequence_name FROM information_schema.routine_sequence_usage
+  WHERE routine_schema = 'temp_func_test'
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ routine_name  | sequence_name 
+---------------+---------------
+ functest_is_5 | functest1
+ functest_is_6 | functest1
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT routine_name, table_name, column_name FROM information_schema.routine_column_usage
+  WHERE routine_schema = 'temp_func_test'
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ routine_name  | table_name | column_name 
+---------------+------------+-------------
+ functest_is_7 | functest2  | a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT routine_name, table_name FROM information_schema.routine_table_usage
+  WHERE routine_schema = 'temp_func_test'
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ routine_name  | table_name 
+---------------+------------
+ functest_is_7 | functest2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION functest_IS_4a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to function functest_is_4b(integer)
+DROP SEQUENCE functest1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to function functest_is_5(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_is_6()
+DROP TABLE functest2 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to function functest_is_7()
+-- overload
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_B_2(bigint) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       IMMUTABLE AS 'SELECT $1 > 0';
+DROP FUNCTION functest_b_1;
+DROP FUNCTION functest_b_1;  -- error, not found
+ERROR:  could not find a function named "functest_b_1"
+DROP FUNCTION functest_b_2;  -- error, ambiguous
+ERROR:  function name "functest_b_2" is not unique
+HINT:  Specify the argument list to select the function unambiguously.
+-- CREATE OR REPLACE tests
+CREATE FUNCTION functest1(a int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT $1';
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION functest1(a int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL WINDOW AS 'SELECT $1';
+ERROR:  cannot change routine kind
+DETAIL:  "functest1" is a function.
+CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE functest1(a int) LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT $1';
+ERROR:  cannot change routine kind
+DETAIL:  "functest1" is a function.
+DROP FUNCTION functest1(a int);
+-- inlining of set-returning functions
+CREATE TABLE functest3 (a int);
+INSERT INTO functest3 VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_sri1() RETURNS SETOF int
+LANGUAGE SQL
+STABLE
+AS '
+    SELECT * FROM functest3;
+';
+SELECT * FROM functest_sri1();
+ functest_sri1 
+---------------
+             1
+             2
+             3
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (verbose, costs off) SELECT * FROM functest_sri1();
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on temp_func_test.functest3
+   Output: functest3.a
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_sri2() RETURNS SETOF int
+LANGUAGE SQL
+STABLE
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+    SELECT * FROM functest3;
+END;
+SELECT * FROM functest_sri2();
+ functest_sri2 
+---------------
+             1
+             2
+             3
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (verbose, costs off) SELECT * FROM functest_sri2();
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on temp_func_test.functest3
+   Output: functest3.a
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE functest3 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to function functest_sri2()
+-- Check behavior of VOID-returning SQL functions
+CREATE FUNCTION voidtest1(a int) RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ SELECT a + 1 $$;
+SELECT voidtest1(42);
+ voidtest1 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION voidtest2(a int, b int) RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ SELECT voidtest1(a + b) $$;
+SELECT voidtest2(11,22);
+ voidtest2 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- currently, we can inline voidtest2 but not voidtest1
+EXPLAIN (verbose, costs off) SELECT voidtest2(11,22);
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: voidtest1(33)
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE sometable(f1 int);
+CREATE FUNCTION voidtest3(a int) RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ INSERT INTO sometable VALUES(a + 1) $$;
+SELECT voidtest3(17);
+ voidtest3 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION voidtest4(a int) RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ INSERT INTO sometable VALUES(a - 1) RETURNING f1 $$;
+SELECT voidtest4(39);
+ voidtest4 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+TABLE sometable;
+ f1 
+----
+ 18
+ 38
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION voidtest5(a int) RETURNS SETOF VOID LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ SELECT generate_series(1, a) $$ STABLE;
+SELECT * FROM voidtest5(3);
+ voidtest5 
+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Regression tests for bugs:
+-- Check that arguments that are R/W expanded datums aren't corrupted by
+-- multiple uses.  This test knows that array_append() returns a R/W datum
+-- and will modify a R/W array input in-place.  We use SETOF to prevent
+-- inlining of the SQL function.
+CREATE FUNCTION double_append(anyarray, anyelement) RETURNS SETOF anyarray
+LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE AS
+$$ SELECT array_append($1, $2) || array_append($1, $2) $$;
+SELECT double_append(array_append(ARRAY[q1], q2), q3)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,2,3), (4,5,6)) v(q1,q2,q3);
+ double_append 
+---------------
+ {1,2,3,1,2,3}
+ {4,5,6,4,5,6}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Things that shouldn't work:
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT ''not an integer'';';
+ERROR:  return type mismatch in function declared to return integer
+DETAIL:  Actual return type is text.
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "test1"
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'not even SQL';
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "not"
+LINE 2:     AS 'not even SQL';
+                ^
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT 1, 2, 3;';
+ERROR:  return type mismatch in function declared to return integer
+DETAIL:  Final statement must return exactly one column.
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "test1"
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT $2;';
+ERROR:  there is no parameter $2
+LINE 2:     AS 'SELECT $2;';
+                       ^
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'a', 'b';
+ERROR:  only one AS item needed for language "sql"
+-- Cleanup
+DROP SCHEMA temp_func_test CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 30 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to function functest_a_1(text,date)
+drop cascades to function functest_a_2(text[])
+drop cascades to function functest_a_3()
+drop cascades to function functest_b_2(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_b_3(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_b_4(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_c_1(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_c_2(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_c_3(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_e_1(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_e_2(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_f_1(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_f_2(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_f_3(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_f_4(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_s_1(text,date)
+drop cascades to function functest_s_2(text[])
+drop cascades to function functest_s_3()
+drop cascades to function functest_s_3a()
+drop cascades to function functest_s_10(text,date)
+drop cascades to function functest_s_13()
+drop cascades to function functest_s_15(integer)
+drop cascades to function functest_b_2(bigint)
+drop cascades to function functest_sri1()
+drop cascades to function voidtest1(integer)
+drop cascades to function voidtest2(integer,integer)
+drop cascades to function voidtest3(integer)
+drop cascades to function voidtest4(integer)
+drop cascades to function voidtest5(integer)
+drop cascades to function double_append(anyarray,anyelement)
+DROP USER regress_unpriv_user;
+RESET search_path;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_index.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_index.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d55aec3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_index.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2835 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_INDEX
+-- Create ancillary data structures (i.e. indices)
+--
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+--
+-- BTREE
+--
+CREATE INDEX onek_unique1 ON onek USING btree(unique1 int4_ops);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS onek_unique1 ON onek USING btree(unique1 int4_ops);
+NOTICE:  relation "onek_unique1" already exists, skipping
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ON onek USING btree(unique1 int4_ops);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "ON"
+LINE 1: CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ON onek USING btree(unique1 int4_...
+                                   ^
+CREATE INDEX onek_unique2 ON onek USING btree(unique2 int4_ops);
+CREATE INDEX onek_hundred ON onek USING btree(hundred int4_ops);
+CREATE INDEX onek_stringu1 ON onek USING btree(stringu1 name_ops);
+CREATE INDEX tenk1_unique1 ON tenk1 USING btree(unique1 int4_ops);
+CREATE INDEX tenk1_unique2 ON tenk1 USING btree(unique2 int4_ops);
+CREATE INDEX tenk1_hundred ON tenk1 USING btree(hundred int4_ops);
+CREATE INDEX tenk1_thous_tenthous ON tenk1 (thousand, tenthous);
+CREATE INDEX tenk2_unique1 ON tenk2 USING btree(unique1 int4_ops);
+CREATE INDEX tenk2_unique2 ON tenk2 USING btree(unique2 int4_ops);
+CREATE INDEX tenk2_hundred ON tenk2 USING btree(hundred int4_ops);
+CREATE INDEX rix ON road USING btree (name text_ops);
+CREATE INDEX iix ON ihighway USING btree (name text_ops);
+CREATE INDEX six ON shighway USING btree (name text_ops);
+-- test comments
+COMMENT ON INDEX six_wrong IS 'bad index';
+ERROR:  relation "six_wrong" does not exist
+COMMENT ON INDEX six IS 'good index';
+COMMENT ON INDEX six IS NULL;
+--
+-- BTREE partial indices
+--
+CREATE INDEX onek2_u1_prtl ON onek2 USING btree(unique1 int4_ops)
+	where unique1 < 20 or unique1 > 980;
+CREATE INDEX onek2_u2_prtl ON onek2 USING btree(unique2 int4_ops)
+	where stringu1 < 'B';
+CREATE INDEX onek2_stu1_prtl ON onek2 USING btree(stringu1 name_ops)
+	where onek2.stringu1 >= 'J' and onek2.stringu1 < 'K';
+--
+-- GiST (rtree-equivalent opclasses only)
+--
+CREATE TABLE slow_emp4000 (
+	home_base	 box
+);
+CREATE TABLE fast_emp4000 (
+	home_base	 box
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/rect.data'
+COPY slow_emp4000 FROM :'filename';
+INSERT INTO fast_emp4000 SELECT * FROM slow_emp4000;
+ANALYZE slow_emp4000;
+ANALYZE fast_emp4000;
+CREATE INDEX grect2ind ON fast_emp4000 USING gist (home_base);
+-- we want to work with a point_tbl that includes a null
+CREATE TEMP TABLE point_tbl AS SELECT * FROM public.point_tbl;
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX gpointind ON point_tbl USING gist (f1);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE gpolygon_tbl AS
+    SELECT polygon(home_base) AS f1 FROM slow_emp4000;
+INSERT INTO gpolygon_tbl VALUES ( '(1000,0,0,1000)' );
+INSERT INTO gpolygon_tbl VALUES ( '(0,1000,1000,1000)' );
+CREATE TEMP TABLE gcircle_tbl AS
+    SELECT circle(home_base) AS f1 FROM slow_emp4000;
+CREATE INDEX ggpolygonind ON gpolygon_tbl USING gist (f1);
+CREATE INDEX ggcircleind ON gcircle_tbl USING gist (f1);
+--
+-- Test GiST indexes
+--
+-- get non-indexed results for comparison purposes
+SET enable_seqscan = ON;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000
+    WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box
+    ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0];
+       home_base       
+-----------------------
+ (337,455),(240,359)
+ (1444,403),(1346,344)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+   278
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM gpolygon_tbl WHERE f1 && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::polygon;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM gcircle_tbl WHERE f1 && '<(500,500),500>'::circle;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE box '(0,0,100,100)' @> f1;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ polygon '(0,0),(0,100),(100,100),(50,50),(100,0),(0,0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ circle '<(50,50),50>';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 << '(0.0, 0.0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 >> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 <<| '(0.0, 0.0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 |>> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(-5, -12)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ (0,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (-3,4)
+ (-10,0)
+ (10,10)
+ (-5,-12)
+ (5.1,34.5)
+ (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (NaN,NaN)
+ 
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NULL;
+ f1 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ (0,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (-3,4)
+ (-10,0)
+ (10,10)
+ (-5,-12)
+ (5.1,34.5)
+ (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (NaN,NaN)
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+        f1        
+------------------
+ (0,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (-3,4)
+ (-10,0)
+ (10,10)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(0,0)'::point LIMIT 10;
+                       f1                        
+-------------------------------------------------
+ ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ ((662,163),(662,187),(759,187),(759,163))
+ ((1000,0),(0,1000))
+ ((0,1000),(1000,1000))
+ ((1346,344),(1346,403),(1444,403),(1444,344))
+ ((278,1409),(278,1457),(369,1457),(369,1409))
+ ((907,1156),(907,1201),(948,1201),(948,1156))
+ ((1517,971),(1517,1043),(1594,1043),(1594,971))
+ ((175,1820),(175,1850),(259,1850),(259,1820))
+ ((2424,81),(2424,160),(2424,160),(2424,81))
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT circle_center(f1), round(radius(f1)) as radius FROM gcircle_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(200,300)'::point LIMIT 10;
+ circle_center  | radius 
+----------------+--------
+ (288.5,407)    |     68
+ (710.5,175)    |     50
+ (323.5,1433)   |     51
+ (927.5,1178.5) |     30
+ (1395,373.5)   |     57
+ (1555.5,1007)  |     53
+ (217,1835)     |     45
+ (489,2421.5)   |     22
+ (2424,120.5)   |     40
+ (751.5,2655)   |     20
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Now check the results from plain indexscan
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000
+    WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box
+    ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0];
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: ((home_base[0])[0])
+   ->  Index Only Scan using grect2ind on fast_emp4000
+         Index Cond: (home_base <@ '(2000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000
+    WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box
+    ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0];
+       home_base       
+-----------------------
+ (337,455),(240,359)
+ (1444,403),(1346,344)
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using grect2ind on fast_emp4000
+         Index Cond: (home_base && '(1000,1000),(0,0)'::box)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL;
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using grect2ind on fast_emp4000
+         Index Cond: (home_base IS NULL)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+   278
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM gpolygon_tbl WHERE f1 && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::polygon;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Scan using ggpolygonind on gpolygon_tbl
+         Index Cond: (f1 && '((1000,1000),(0,0))'::polygon)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM gpolygon_tbl WHERE f1 && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::polygon;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM gcircle_tbl WHERE f1 && '<(500,500),500>'::circle;
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Scan using ggcircleind on gcircle_tbl
+         Index Cond: (f1 && '<(500,500),500>'::circle)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM gcircle_tbl WHERE f1 && '<(500,500),500>'::circle;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)';
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (f1 <@ '(100,100),(0,0)'::box)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE box '(0,0,100,100)' @> f1;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (f1 <@ '(100,100),(0,0)'::box)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE box '(0,0,100,100)' @> f1;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ polygon '(0,0),(0,100),(100,100),(50,50),(100,0),(0,0)';
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                       
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (f1 <@ '((0,0),(0,100),(100,100),(50,50),(100,0),(0,0))'::polygon)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ polygon '(0,0),(0,100),(100,100),(50,50),(100,0),(0,0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ circle '<(50,50),50>';
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (f1 <@ '<(50,50),50>'::circle)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ circle '<(50,50),50>';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 << '(0.0, 0.0)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl p
+         Index Cond: (f1 << '(0,0)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 << '(0.0, 0.0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 >> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl p
+         Index Cond: (f1 >> '(0,0)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 >> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 <<| '(0.0, 0.0)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl p
+         Index Cond: (f1 <<| '(0,0)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 <<| '(0.0, 0.0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 |>> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl p
+         Index Cond: (f1 |>> '(0,0)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 |>> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(-5, -12)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl p
+         Index Cond: (f1 ~= '(-5,-12)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(-5, -12)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl
+   Order By: (f1 <-> '(0,1)'::point)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (0,0)
+ (-3,4)
+ (-10,0)
+ (10,10)
+ (-5,-12)
+ (5.1,34.5)
+ (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (NaN,NaN)
+ 
+(11 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NULL;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl
+   Index Cond: (f1 IS NULL)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NULL;
+ f1 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl
+   Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
+   Order By: (f1 <-> '(0,1)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (0,0)
+ (-3,4)
+ (-10,0)
+ (10,10)
+ (-5,-12)
+ (5.1,34.5)
+ (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (NaN,NaN)
+(10 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gpointind on point_tbl
+   Index Cond: (f1 <@ '(10,10),(-10,-10)'::box)
+   Order By: (f1 <-> '(0,1)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+        f1        
+------------------
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (0,0)
+ (-3,4)
+ (-10,0)
+ (10,10)
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(0,0)'::point LIMIT 10;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan using ggpolygonind on gpolygon_tbl
+         Order By: (f1 <-> '(0,0)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(0,0)'::point LIMIT 10;
+                       f1                        
+-------------------------------------------------
+ ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ ((662,163),(662,187),(759,187),(759,163))
+ ((1000,0),(0,1000))
+ ((0,1000),(1000,1000))
+ ((1346,344),(1346,403),(1444,403),(1444,344))
+ ((278,1409),(278,1457),(369,1457),(369,1409))
+ ((907,1156),(907,1201),(948,1201),(948,1156))
+ ((1517,971),(1517,1043),(1594,1043),(1594,971))
+ ((175,1820),(175,1850),(259,1850),(259,1820))
+ ((2424,81),(2424,160),(2424,160),(2424,81))
+(10 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT circle_center(f1), round(radius(f1)) as radius FROM gcircle_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(200,300)'::point LIMIT 10;
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan using ggcircleind on gcircle_tbl
+         Order By: (f1 <-> '(200,300)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT circle_center(f1), round(radius(f1)) as radius FROM gcircle_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(200,300)'::point LIMIT 10;
+ circle_center  | radius 
+----------------+--------
+ (288.5,407)    |     68
+ (710.5,175)    |     50
+ (323.5,1433)   |     51
+ (927.5,1178.5) |     30
+ (1395,373.5)   |     57
+ (1555.5,1007)  |     53
+ (217,1835)     |     45
+ (489,2421.5)   |     22
+ (2424,120.5)   |     40
+ (751.5,2655)   |     20
+(10 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT point(x,x), (SELECT f1 FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> point(x,x) LIMIT 1) as c FROM generate_series(0,10,1) x;
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                         
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on generate_series x
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Scan using ggpolygonind on gpolygon_tbl
+                 Order By: (f1 <-> point((x.x)::double precision, (x.x)::double precision))
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT point(x,x), (SELECT f1 FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> point(x,x) LIMIT 1) as c FROM generate_series(0,10,1) x;
+  point  |                     c                     
+---------+-------------------------------------------
+ (0,0)   | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ (1,1)   | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ (2,2)   | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ (3,3)   | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ (4,4)   | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ (5,5)   | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ (6,6)   | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ (7,7)   | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ (8,8)   | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ (9,9)   | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+ (10,10) | ((240,359),(240,455),(337,455),(337,359))
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Now check the results from bitmap indexscan
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: ((f1 <-> '(0,1)'::point))
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (f1 <@ '(10,10),(-10,-10)'::box)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on gpointind
+               Index Cond: (f1 <@ '(10,10),(-10,-10)'::box)
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+        f1        
+------------------
+ (0,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (-3,4)
+ (-10,0)
+ (10,10)
+(5 rows)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+--
+-- GIN over int[] and text[]
+--
+-- Note: GIN currently supports only bitmap scans, not plain indexscans
+--
+CREATE TABLE array_index_op_test (
+	seqno		int4,
+	i			int4[],
+	t			text[]
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/array.data'
+COPY array_index_op_test FROM :'filename';
+ANALYZE array_index_op_test;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i = '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |   i    |   t    
+-------+--------+--------
+   102 | {NULL} | {NULL}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i | t 
+-------+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i | t 
+-------+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i <@ '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i  | t  
+-------+----+----
+   101 | {} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+CREATE INDEX intarrayidx ON array_index_op_test USING gin (i);
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: seqno
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on array_index_op_test
+         Recheck Cond: (i @> '{32}'::integer[])
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on intarrayidx
+               Index Cond: (i @> '{32}'::integer[])
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23}  | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576}
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}                | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    53 | {38,17}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    65 | {61,5,76,59,17}                 | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23}  | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576}
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}                | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    53 | {38,17}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    65 | {61,5,76,59,17}                 | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23}  | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576}
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}                | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    53 | {38,17}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    65 | {61,5,76,59,17}                 | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i <@ '{38,34,32,89}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |       i       |                                                             t                                                              
+-------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    40 | {34}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAA74623}
+    74 | {32}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+   101 | {}            | {}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i = '{47,77}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |    i    |                                                        t                                                        
+-------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    95 | {47,77} | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAAA18107,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAA56483}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i  | t  
+-------+----+----
+   101 | {} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                                                       t                                                                                                        
+-------+---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     1 | {92,75,71,52,64,83}             | {AAAAAAAA44066,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAA48038}
+     2 | {3,6}                           | {AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAA12793}
+     3 | {37,64,95,43,3,41,13,30,11,43}  | {AAAAAAAAAA48845,AAAAA75968,AAAAA95309,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA99836,A96617,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246}
+     4 | {71,39,99,55,33,75,45}          | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAA99043,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,39557}
+     5 | {50,42,77,50,4}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+     7 | {12,51,88,64,8}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+     8 | {60,84}                         | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA64741,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+     9 | {56,52,35,27,80,44,81,22}       | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AAAAAAA66161,AA88409,39557,A27153,AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAA99000}
+    10 | {71,5,45}                       | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAA27249}
+    11 | {41,86,74,48,22,74,47,50}       | {AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAA62737,39557}
+    12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23}  | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576}
+    13 | {3,52,34,23}                    | {AAAAAA98232,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    14 | {78,57,19}                      | {AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909}
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}                | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    16 | {14,63,85,11}                   | {AAAAAA66777}
+    17 | {7,10,81,85}                    | {AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356}
+    18 | {1}                             | {AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AAAAA95309,64261,AAA59323,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA64374}
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    20 | {72,89,70,51,54,37,8,49,79}     | {AAAAAA58494}
+    21 | {2,8,65,10,5,79,43}             | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAA64669,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1443,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAA12179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA41303,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420}
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30}              | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    23 | {40,90,5,38,72,40,30,10,43,55}  | {A6053,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AA17009,AAAAA17383,AAAAA70514,AAAAA33250,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562}
+    24 | {94,61,99,35,48}                | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAA55219}
+    25 | {31,1,10,11,27,79,38}           | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,45449}
+    26 | {71,10,9,69,75}                 | {47735,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAA41597,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA17009}
+    27 | {94}                            | {AA6416,A6053,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254}
+    28 | {14,33,6,34,14}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAA18601}
+    29 | {39,21}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAA1242,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAA35194}
+    30 | {26,81,47,91,34}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAA80240}
+    31 | {80,24,18,21,54}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,A27153,AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,A68938}
+    32 | {58,79,82,80,67,75,98,10,41}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA87527,A96617,51533}
+    33 | {74,73}                         | {A85417,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62159,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796}
+    34 | {70,45}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA1242}
+    35 | {23,40}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAA34727,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAA91194,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084}
+    36 | {79,82,14,52,30,5,79}           | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598}
+    37 | {53,11,81,39,3,78,58,64,74}     | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    38 | {59,5,4,95,28}                  | {AAAAAAAAAAA82945,A96617,47735,AAAAA12179,AAAAA64669,AAAAAA99807,AA74433,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387}
+    39 | {82,43,99,16,74}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,A27153,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620}
+    40 | {34}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAA74623}
+    41 | {19,26,63,12,93,73,27,94}       | {AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666}
+    42 | {15,76,82,75,8,91}              | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAA38063,45449,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAA81898,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,45449,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    43 | {39,87,91,97,79,28}             | {AAAAAAAAAAA74076,A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+    44 | {40,58,68,29,54}                | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAA98232}
+    45 | {99,45}                         | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    46 | {53,24}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAA54032,AAAAA17383,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAAA18601,AAAAA64669,45449,AAAAAAAAAAA98051,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621}
+    47 | {98,23,64,12,75,61}             | {AAA59323,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAA1059,A84822,55847,AAAAA70466}
+    48 | {76,14}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA59671,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA40402,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037}
+    49 | {56,5,54,37,49}                 | {AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    50 | {20,12,37,64,93}                | {AAAAAAAAAA5483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    51 | {47}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAA81587,AA6416,AAAA91194,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAA69452}
+    52 | {89,0}                          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AA66862}
+    53 | {38,17}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    54 | {70,47}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAA41597,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AA15322}
+    55 | {47,79,47,64,72,25,71,24,93}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAA62737}
+    56 | {33,7,60,54,93,90,77,85,39}     | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AA42406}
+    57 | {23,45,10,42,36,21,9,96}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415}
+    58 | {92}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA6119}
+    59 | {9,69,46,77}                    | {39557,AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAA20874,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    60 | {62,2,59,38,89}                 | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA99927,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875}
+    61 | {72,2,44,95,54,54,13}           | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804}
+    62 | {83,72,29,73}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA15097,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183,AAAAAA43678,A96617}
+    63 | {11,4,61,87}                    | {AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAA20874,39557,51533,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAA78938}
+    64 | {26,19,34,24,81,78}             | {A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AA17009,AAAAAAA80240}
+    65 | {61,5,76,59,17}                 | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012}
+    66 | {31,23,70,52,4,33,48,25}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAA35194,39557,AAAAAAA99836}
+    67 | {31,94,7,10}                    | {AAAAAA38063,A96617,AAAA35194,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+    68 | {90,43,38}                      | {AA75092,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AA21643}
+    69 | {67,35,99,85,72,86,44}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    70 | {56,70,83}                      | {AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,A27153,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAA1242}
+    71 | {74,26}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AA74433,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAA43419,39557}
+    72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83}           | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+    73 | {88,25,96,78,65,15,29,19}       | {AAA54451,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    75 | {12,96,83,24,71,89,55}          | {AAAA48949,AAAAAAAA29716,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAA28075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052}
+    76 | {92,55,10,7}                    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    78 | {55,89,44,84,34}                | {AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AA99927,AA42406,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620}
+    79 | {45}                            | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+    80 | {74,89,44,80,0}                 | {AAAA35194,AAAAAAAA79710,AAA20874,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007}
+    81 | {63,77,54,48,61,53,97}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAAAA72121}
+    82 | {34,60,4,79,78,16,86,89,42,50}  | {AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+    83 | {14,10}                         | {AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAAA6119}
+    84 | {11,83,35,13,96,94}             | {AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183}
+    85 | {39,60}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,55847,AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAAAAA46154}
+    86 | {33,81,72,74,45,36,82}          | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,45449,AAAA80176}
+    87 | {57,27,50,12,97,68}             | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAA66777,31228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505}
+    88 | {41,90,77,24,6,24}              | {AAAA35194,AAAA35194,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AA74433}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    90 | {88,75}                         | {AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526}
+    91 | {78}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAA99043}
+    92 | {85,63,49,45}                   | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089}
+    93 | {11}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAAAA9821,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AA99927,AAAAA17383}
+    94 | {98,9,85,62,88,91,60,61,38,86}  | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    95 | {47,77}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAAA18107,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAA56483}
+    96 | {23,97,43}                      | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+    97 | {54,2,86,65}                    | {47735,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA39692,AA21643}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+    99 | {37,86}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAA70514,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+   101 | {}                              | {}
+   102 | {NULL}                          | {NULL}
+(102 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i | t 
+-------+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i  | t  
+-------+----+----
+   101 | {} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE INDEX textarrayidx ON array_index_op_test USING gin (t);
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: seqno
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on array_index_op_test
+         Recheck Cond: (t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}'::text[])
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on textarrayidx
+               Index Cond: (t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}'::text[])
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |           i           |                                                                     t                                                                      
+-------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30}    | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    45 | {99,45}               | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83} | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+    79 | {45}                  | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |           i           |                                                                     t                                                                      
+-------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30}    | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    45 | {99,45}               | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83} | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+    79 | {45}                  | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |        i         |                                 t                                  
+-------+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    79 | {45}             | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+    96 | {23,97,43}       | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |        i         |                                 t                                  
+-------+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67} | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    79 | {45}             | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+    96 | {23,97,43}       | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |  i   |                                 t                                  
+-------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+    79 | {45} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |           i           |                                                                     t                                                                      
+-------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}      | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30}    | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    45 | {99,45}               | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83} | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+    79 | {45}                  | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+    96 | {23,97,43}            | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t <@ '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |         i          |                                                     t                                                     
+-------+--------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30} | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    45 | {99,45}            | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+   101 | {}                 | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t = '{AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |     i      |           t            
+-------+------------+------------------------
+    96 | {23,97,43} | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i  | t  
+-------+----+----
+   101 | {} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                                                       t                                                                                                        
+-------+---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     1 | {92,75,71,52,64,83}             | {AAAAAAAA44066,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAA48038}
+     2 | {3,6}                           | {AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAA12793}
+     3 | {37,64,95,43,3,41,13,30,11,43}  | {AAAAAAAAAA48845,AAAAA75968,AAAAA95309,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA99836,A96617,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246}
+     4 | {71,39,99,55,33,75,45}          | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAA99043,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,39557}
+     5 | {50,42,77,50,4}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+     7 | {12,51,88,64,8}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+     8 | {60,84}                         | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA64741,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+     9 | {56,52,35,27,80,44,81,22}       | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AAAAAAA66161,AA88409,39557,A27153,AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAA99000}
+    10 | {71,5,45}                       | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAA21658,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAA27249}
+    11 | {41,86,74,48,22,74,47,50}       | {AAAAAAAA9523,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAA62737,39557}
+    12 | {17,99,18,52,91,72,0,43,96,23}  | {AAAAA33250,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420,AAAAAAAAAAA33576}
+    13 | {3,52,34,23}                    | {AAAAAA98232,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    14 | {78,57,19}                      | {AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA73034,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909}
+    15 | {17,14,16,63,67}                | {AA6416,AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAA95309}
+    16 | {14,63,85,11}                   | {AAAAAA66777}
+    17 | {7,10,81,85}                    | {AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356}
+    18 | {1}                             | {AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AAAAA95309,64261,AAA59323,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA95246,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA64374}
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    20 | {72,89,70,51,54,37,8,49,79}     | {AAAAAA58494}
+    21 | {2,8,65,10,5,79,43}             | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAA64669,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1443,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAA12179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA88852,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA41303,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA85420}
+    22 | {11,6,56,62,53,30}              | {AAAAAAAA72908}
+    23 | {40,90,5,38,72,40,30,10,43,55}  | {A6053,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AA17009,AAAAA17383,AAAAA70514,AAAAA33250,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562}
+    24 | {94,61,99,35,48}                | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAA961,AAAAAAAAAA55219}
+    25 | {31,1,10,11,27,79,38}           | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,45449}
+    26 | {71,10,9,69,75}                 | {47735,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAA41597,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA17009}
+    27 | {94}                            | {AA6416,A6053,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254}
+    28 | {14,33,6,34,14}                 | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAAA12144,AAAAAAAAA72121,AAAAAAAAAA18601}
+    29 | {39,21}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAA85070,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAAAAAAA69452,AAAAAAA1242,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAA35194}
+    30 | {26,81,47,91,34}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAA80240}
+    31 | {80,24,18,21,54}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,A27153,AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407,A68938}
+    32 | {58,79,82,80,67,75,98,10,41}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAA54451,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA87527,A96617,51533}
+    33 | {74,73}                         | {A85417,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62159,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796}
+    34 | {70,45}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA1242}
+    35 | {23,40}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAA34727,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAA91194,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084}
+    36 | {79,82,14,52,30,5,79}           | {AAAAAAAAA53663,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598}
+    37 | {53,11,81,39,3,78,58,64,74}     | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    38 | {59,5,4,95,28}                  | {AAAAAAAAAAA82945,A96617,47735,AAAAA12179,AAAAA64669,AAAAAA99807,AA74433,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387}
+    39 | {82,43,99,16,74}                | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,A27153,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAA81511,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA65909,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620}
+    40 | {34}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAA74623}
+    41 | {19,26,63,12,93,73,27,94}       | {AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAA55219,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666}
+    42 | {15,76,82,75,8,91}              | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAA38063,45449,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAA81898,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA62179,45449,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    43 | {39,87,91,97,79,28}             | {AAAAAAAAAAA74076,A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+    44 | {40,58,68,29,54}                | {AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAA98232}
+    45 | {99,45}                         | {AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}
+    46 | {53,24}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAA54032,AAAAA17383,AAAA48949,AAAAAAAAAA18601,AAAAA64669,45449,AAAAAAAAAAA98051,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621}
+    47 | {98,23,64,12,75,61}             | {AAA59323,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAA37562,AAAAAA1059,A84822,55847,AAAAA70466}
+    48 | {76,14}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA59671,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AAAAAA66777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA89194,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA79710,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA40402,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037}
+    49 | {56,5,54,37,49}                 | {AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    50 | {20,12,37,64,93}                | {AAAAAAAAAA5483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA63050,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    51 | {47}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAA81587,AA6416,AAAA91194,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAA1059,AAAAAAAA69452}
+    52 | {89,0}                          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA70466,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AA66862}
+    53 | {38,17}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA21658}
+    54 | {70,47}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA54141,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAA41597,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AA15322}
+    55 | {47,79,47,64,72,25,71,24,93}    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AAAAA62737}
+    56 | {33,7,60,54,93,90,77,85,39}     | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AA42406}
+    57 | {23,45,10,42,36,21,9,96}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415}
+    58 | {92}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55796,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA6119}
+    59 | {9,69,46,77}                    | {39557,AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAA20874,AA6416,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    60 | {62,2,59,38,89}                 | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356,AA99927,AA17009,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875}
+    61 | {72,2,44,95,54,54,13}           | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804}
+    62 | {83,72,29,73}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA15097,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAA52814,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA38885,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183,AAAAAA43678,A96617}
+    63 | {11,4,61,87}                    | {AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA13198,AAA20874,39557,51533,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAAA78938}
+    64 | {26,19,34,24,81,78}             | {A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AA17009,AAAAAAA80240}
+    65 | {61,5,76,59,17}                 | {AAAAAA99807,AAAAA64741,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AA21643,AAAAAAAAA10012}
+    66 | {31,23,70,52,4,33,48,25}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAA35194,39557,AAAAAAA99836}
+    67 | {31,94,7,10}                    | {AAAAAA38063,A96617,AAAA35194,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946}
+    68 | {90,43,38}                      | {AA75092,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA69675,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAA7929,AA21643}
+    69 | {67,35,99,85,72,86,44}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAA50094,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955}
+    70 | {56,70,83}                      | {AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,A27153,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,AAAAAAA1242}
+    71 | {74,26}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAA50956,AA74433,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36627,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAA43419,39557}
+    72 | {22,1,16,78,20,91,83}           | {47735,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAA93788,AA42406,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA61286,AAAAA66674,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA50407}
+    73 | {88,25,96,78,65,15,29,19}       | {AAA54451,AAAAAAAAA27249,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    75 | {12,96,83,24,71,89,55}          | {AAAA48949,AAAAAAAA29716,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAA28075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052}
+    76 | {92,55,10,7}                    | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    78 | {55,89,44,84,34}                | {AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AA99927,AA42406,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AA21643,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620}
+    79 | {45}                            | {AAAAAAAAAA646,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70415,AAAAAA43678,AAAAAAAA72908}
+    80 | {74,89,44,80,0}                 | {AAAA35194,AAAAAAAA79710,AAA20874,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAAAA57334,AAAAAAA9228,AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007}
+    81 | {63,77,54,48,61,53,97}          | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA81326,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AA25381,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAA81898,AAAAAAAAA72121}
+    82 | {34,60,4,79,78,16,86,89,42,50}  | {AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+    83 | {14,10}                         | {AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAAAAAAAA70254,AAAAAAAAAAA6119}
+    84 | {11,83,35,13,96,94}             | {AAAAA95309,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA24183}
+    85 | {39,60}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAA22292,AAAAAAA66161,AAAAAAA21462,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,55847,AAAAAA98232,AAAAAAAAAAA46154}
+    86 | {33,81,72,74,45,36,82}          | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505,45449,AAAA80176}
+    87 | {57,27,50,12,97,68}             | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA26540,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAA35809,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAAAAAA82945,AAAAAA66777,31228,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA96505}
+    88 | {41,90,77,24,6,24}              | {AAAA35194,AAAA35194,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AA74433}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    90 | {88,75}                         | {AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAA23648,AAAAAAAAAAA99000,AAAA41702,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA68526}
+    91 | {78}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA62007,AAA99043}
+    92 | {85,63,49,45}                   | {AAAAAAA89932,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,AAAAAAAAAAAA21089}
+    93 | {11}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAA176,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA8666,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AAAAAAAAAAAAA85723,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAAAA9821,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AA99927,AAAAA17383}
+    94 | {98,9,85,62,88,91,60,61,38,86}  | {AAAAAAAA81587,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAA81587}
+    95 | {47,77}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA764,AAAAAAAAAAA74076,AAAAAAAAAA18107,AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAA56483}
+    96 | {23,97,43}                      | {AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}
+    97 | {54,2,86,65}                    | {47735,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA39692,AA21643}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+    99 | {37,86}                         | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA32918,AAAAA70514,AAAAAAAAA10012,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59387,AAAAAAAAAA64777,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA15356}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+   101 | {}                              | {}
+   102 | {NULL}                          | {NULL}
+(102 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i | t 
+-------+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i  | t  
+-------+----+----
+   101 | {} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+-- And try it with a multicolumn GIN index
+DROP INDEX intarrayidx, textarrayidx;
+CREATE INDEX botharrayidx ON array_index_op_test USING gin (i, t);
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |                i                |                                                                 t                                                                  
+-------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     6 | {39,35,5,94,17,92,60,32}        | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA35875,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657}
+    74 | {32}                            | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAAAAAAAAAA22860,AAAAAA99807,AAAAA17383,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA67062,AAAAAAAAAAA15165,AAAAAAAAAAA50956}
+    77 | {97,15,32,17,55,59,18,37,50,39} | {AAAAAAAAAAAA67946,AAAAAA54032,AAAAAAAA81587,55847,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA28620,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA43052,AAAAAA75463,AAAA49534,AAAAAAAA44066}
+    89 | {40,32,17,6,30,88}              | {AA44673,AAAAAAAAAAA6119,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA23657,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA47955,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA33598,AAAAAAAAAAA33576,AA44673}
+    98 | {38,34,32,89}                   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA71621,AAAA8857,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA65037,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA31334,AAAAAAAAAA48845}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}     | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |               i                |                                                                              t                                                                              
+-------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    30 | {26,81,47,91,34}               | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAA80240}
+    64 | {26,19,34,24,81,78}            | {A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AA17009,AAAAAAA80240}
+    82 | {34,60,4,79,78,16,86,89,42,50} | {AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+    88 | {41,90,77,24,6,24}             | {AAAA35194,AAAA35194,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AA74433}
+    97 | {54,2,86,65}                   | {47735,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA39692,AA21643}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}    | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |               i                |                                                                              t                                                                              
+-------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    19 | {52,82,17,74,23,46,69,51,75}   | {AAAAAAAAAAAAA73084,AAAAA75968,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA14047,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1205,A68938}
+    30 | {26,81,47,91,34}               | {AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,AAAAAAA80240}
+    64 | {26,19,34,24,81,78}            | {A96617,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104,A68938,AAAAAAAAAAA53908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA453,AA17009,AAAAAAA80240}
+    82 | {34,60,4,79,78,16,86,89,42,50} | {AAAAA40681,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA12591,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA55798,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA70104}
+    88 | {41,90,77,24,6,24}             | {AAAA35194,AAAA35194,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAA46154,AAAAAA58494,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA59334,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA91804,AA74433}
+    97 | {54,2,86,65}                   | {47735,AAAAAAA99836,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA6897,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA98414,AAAAAAA56483,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA29150,AAAAAAA39692,AA21643}
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30}    | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' AND t && '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |              i              |                                      t                                       
+-------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' AND t @> '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno |              i              |                                      t                                       
+-------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   100 | {85,32,57,39,49,84,32,3,30} | {AAAAAAA80240,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1729,AAAAA60038,AAAAAAAAAAA92631,AAAAAAAA9523}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+ seqno | i  | t  
+-------+----+----
+   101 | {} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+--
+-- Try a GIN index with a lot of items with same key. (GIN creates a posting
+-- tree when there are enough duplicates)
+--
+CREATE TABLE array_gin_test (a int[]);
+INSERT INTO array_gin_test SELECT ARRAY[1, g%5, g] FROM generate_series(1, 10000) g;
+CREATE INDEX array_gin_test_idx ON array_gin_test USING gin (a);
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM array_gin_test WHERE a @> '{2}';
+ count 
+-------
+  2000
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE array_gin_test;
+--
+-- Test GIN index's reloptions
+--
+CREATE INDEX gin_relopts_test ON array_index_op_test USING gin (i)
+  WITH (FASTUPDATE=on, GIN_PENDING_LIST_LIMIT=128);
+\d+ gin_relopts_test
+                Index "public.gin_relopts_test"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition | Storage | Stats target 
+--------+---------+------+------------+---------+--------------
+ i      | integer | yes  | i          | plain   | 
+gin, for table "public.array_index_op_test"
+Options: fastupdate=on, gin_pending_list_limit=128
+
+--
+-- HASH
+--
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged_hash_table (id int4);
+CREATE INDEX unlogged_hash_index ON unlogged_hash_table USING hash (id int4_ops);
+DROP TABLE unlogged_hash_table;
+-- CREATE INDEX hash_ovfl_index ON hash_ovfl_heap USING hash (x int4_ops);
+-- Test hash index build tuplesorting.  Force hash tuplesort using low
+-- maintenance_work_mem setting and fillfactor:
+SET maintenance_work_mem = '1MB';
+CREATE INDEX hash_tuplesort_idx ON tenk1 USING hash (stringu1 name_ops) WITH (fillfactor = 10);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 WHERE stringu1 = 'TVAAAA';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1
+         Recheck Cond: (stringu1 = 'TVAAAA'::name)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on hash_tuplesort_idx
+               Index Cond: (stringu1 = 'TVAAAA'::name)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 WHERE stringu1 = 'TVAAAA';
+ count 
+-------
+    14
+(1 row)
+
+DROP INDEX hash_tuplesort_idx;
+RESET maintenance_work_mem;
+--
+-- Test unique null behavior
+--
+CREATE TABLE unique_tbl (i int, t text);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx1 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS DISTINCT;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx2 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT;
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'three');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (4, 'four');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl (t) VALUES ('six');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl (t) VALUES ('seven');  -- error from unique_idx2
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_idx2"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(null) already exists.
+DROP INDEX unique_idx1, unique_idx2;
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl (t) VALUES ('seven');
+-- build indexes on filled table
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx3 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS DISTINCT;  -- ok
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx4 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT;  -- error
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "unique_idx4"
+DETAIL:  Key (i)=(null) is duplicated.
+DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'seven';
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx4 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT;  -- ok now
+\d unique_tbl
+             Table "public.unique_tbl"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ i      | integer |           |          | 
+ t      | text    |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "unique_idx3" UNIQUE, btree (i)
+    "unique_idx4" UNIQUE, btree (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT
+
+\d unique_idx3
+      Index "public.unique_idx3"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ i      | integer | yes  | i
+unique, btree, for table "public.unique_tbl"
+
+\d unique_idx4
+      Index "public.unique_idx4"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ i      | integer | yes  | i
+unique nulls not distinct, btree, for table "public.unique_tbl"
+
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('unique_idx3'::regclass);
+                           pg_get_indexdef                            
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx3 ON public.unique_tbl USING btree (i)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('unique_idx4'::regclass);
+                                     pg_get_indexdef                                     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx4 ON public.unique_tbl USING btree (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE unique_tbl;
+--
+-- Test functional index
+--
+CREATE TABLE func_index_heap (f1 text, f2 text);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX func_index_index on func_index_heap (textcat(f1,f2));
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABC','DEF');
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('AB','CDEFG');
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWE','RTY');
+-- this should fail because of unique index:
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABCD', 'EF');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "func_index_index"
+DETAIL:  Key (textcat(f1, f2))=(ABCDEF) already exists.
+-- but this shouldn't:
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWERTY');
+-- while we're here, see that the metadata looks sane
+\d func_index_heap
+         Table "public.func_index_heap"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | text |           |          | 
+ f2     | text |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "func_index_index" UNIQUE, btree (textcat(f1, f2))
+
+\d func_index_index
+     Index "public.func_index_index"
+ Column  | Type | Key? |   Definition    
+---------+------+------+-----------------
+ textcat | text | yes  | textcat(f1, f2)
+unique, btree, for table "public.func_index_heap"
+
+--
+-- Same test, expressional index
+--
+DROP TABLE func_index_heap;
+CREATE TABLE func_index_heap (f1 text, f2 text);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX func_index_index on func_index_heap ((f1 || f2) text_ops);
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABC','DEF');
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('AB','CDEFG');
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWE','RTY');
+-- this should fail because of unique index:
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABCD', 'EF');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "func_index_index"
+DETAIL:  Key ((f1 || f2))=(ABCDEF) already exists.
+-- but this shouldn't:
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWERTY');
+-- while we're here, see that the metadata looks sane
+\d func_index_heap
+         Table "public.func_index_heap"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | text |           |          | 
+ f2     | text |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "func_index_index" UNIQUE, btree ((f1 || f2))
+
+\d func_index_index
+  Index "public.func_index_index"
+ Column | Type | Key? | Definition 
+--------+------+------+------------
+ expr   | text | yes  | (f1 || f2)
+unique, btree, for table "public.func_index_heap"
+
+-- this should fail because of unsafe column type (anonymous record)
+create index on func_index_heap ((f1 || f2), (row(f1, f2)));
+ERROR:  column "row" has pseudo-type record
+--
+-- Test unique index with included columns
+--
+CREATE TABLE covering_index_heap (f1 int, f2 int, f3 text);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX covering_index_index on covering_index_heap (f1,f2) INCLUDE(f3);
+INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,1,'AAA');
+INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,2,'AAA');
+-- this should fail because of unique index on f1,f2:
+INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,2,'BBB');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "covering_index_index"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1, f2)=(1, 2) already exists.
+-- and this shouldn't:
+INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,4,'AAA');
+-- Try to build index on table that already contains data
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX covering_pkey on covering_index_heap (f1,f2) INCLUDE(f3);
+-- Try to use existing covering index as primary key
+ALTER TABLE covering_index_heap ADD CONSTRAINT covering_pkey PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX
+covering_pkey;
+DROP TABLE covering_index_heap;
+--
+-- Try some concurrent index builds
+--
+-- Unfortunately this only tests about half the code paths because there are
+-- no concurrent updates happening to the table at the same time.
+CREATE TABLE concur_heap (f1 text, f2 text);
+-- empty table
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index1 ON concur_heap(f2,f1);
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS concur_index1 ON concur_heap(f2,f1);
+NOTICE:  relation "concur_index1" already exists, skipping
+INSERT INTO concur_heap VALUES  ('a','b');
+INSERT INTO concur_heap VALUES  ('b','b');
+-- unique index
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index2 ON concur_heap(f1);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS concur_index2 ON concur_heap(f1);
+NOTICE:  relation "concur_index2" already exists, skipping
+-- check if constraint is set up properly to be enforced
+INSERT INTO concur_heap VALUES ('b','x');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "concur_index2"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(b) already exists.
+-- check if constraint is enforced properly at build time
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index3 ON concur_heap(f2);
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "concur_index3"
+DETAIL:  Key (f2)=(b) is duplicated.
+-- test that expression indexes and partial indexes work concurrently
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index4 on concur_heap(f2) WHERE f1='a';
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index5 on concur_heap(f2) WHERE f1='x';
+-- here we also check that you can default the index name
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY on concur_heap((f2||f1));
+-- You can't do a concurrent index build in a transaction
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index7 ON concur_heap(f1);
+ERROR:  CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block
+COMMIT;
+-- test where predicate is able to do a transactional update during
+-- a concurrent build before switching pg_index state flags.
+CREATE FUNCTION predicate_stable() RETURNS bool IMMUTABLE
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+  EXECUTE 'SELECT txid_current()';
+  RETURN true;
+END; $$;
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index8 ON concur_heap (f1)
+  WHERE predicate_stable();
+DROP INDEX concur_index8;
+DROP FUNCTION predicate_stable();
+-- But you can do a regular index build in a transaction
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INDEX std_index on concur_heap(f2);
+COMMIT;
+-- Failed builds are left invalid by VACUUM FULL, fixed by REINDEX
+VACUUM FULL concur_heap;
+REINDEX TABLE concur_heap;
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "concur_index3"
+DETAIL:  Key (f2)=(b) is duplicated.
+DELETE FROM concur_heap WHERE f1 = 'b';
+VACUUM FULL concur_heap;
+\d concur_heap
+           Table "public.concur_heap"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | text |           |          | 
+ f2     | text |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "concur_heap_expr_idx" btree ((f2 || f1))
+    "concur_index1" btree (f2, f1)
+    "concur_index2" UNIQUE, btree (f1)
+    "concur_index3" UNIQUE, btree (f2) INVALID
+    "concur_index4" btree (f2) WHERE f1 = 'a'::text
+    "concur_index5" btree (f2) WHERE f1 = 'x'::text
+    "std_index" btree (f2)
+
+REINDEX TABLE concur_heap;
+\d concur_heap
+           Table "public.concur_heap"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | text |           |          | 
+ f2     | text |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "concur_heap_expr_idx" btree ((f2 || f1))
+    "concur_index1" btree (f2, f1)
+    "concur_index2" UNIQUE, btree (f1)
+    "concur_index3" UNIQUE, btree (f2)
+    "concur_index4" btree (f2) WHERE f1 = 'a'::text
+    "concur_index5" btree (f2) WHERE f1 = 'x'::text
+    "std_index" btree (f2)
+
+-- Temporary tables with concurrent builds and on-commit actions
+-- CONCURRENTLY used with CREATE INDEX and DROP INDEX is ignored.
+-- PRESERVE ROWS, the default.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp (f1 int, f2 text)
+  ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS;
+INSERT INTO concur_temp VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind ON concur_temp(f1);
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind;
+DROP TABLE concur_temp;
+-- ON COMMIT DROP
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp (f1 int, f2 text)
+  ON COMMIT DROP;
+INSERT INTO concur_temp VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+-- Fails when running in a transaction.
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind ON concur_temp(f1);
+ERROR:  CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block
+COMMIT;
+-- ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp (f1 int, f2 text)
+  ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+INSERT INTO concur_temp VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind ON concur_temp(f1);
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind;
+DROP TABLE concur_temp;
+--
+-- Try some concurrent index drops
+--
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index2";				-- works
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS "concur_index2";		-- notice
+NOTICE:  index "concur_index2" does not exist, skipping
+-- failures
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index2", "concur_index3";
+ERROR:  DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY does not support dropping multiple objects
+BEGIN;
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index5";
+ERROR:  DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block
+ROLLBACK;
+-- successes
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS "concur_index3";
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index4";
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index5";
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index1";
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_heap_expr_idx";
+\d concur_heap
+           Table "public.concur_heap"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | text |           |          | 
+ f2     | text |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "std_index" btree (f2)
+
+DROP TABLE concur_heap;
+--
+-- Test ADD CONSTRAINT USING INDEX
+--
+CREATE TABLE cwi_test( a int , b varchar(10), c char);
+-- add some data so that all tests have something to work with.
+INSERT INTO cwi_test VALUES(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq_idx ON cwi_test(a , b);
+ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD primary key USING INDEX cwi_uniq_idx;
+\d cwi_test
+                     Table "public.cwi_test"
+ Column |         Type          | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+-----------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer               |           | not null | 
+ b      | character varying(10) |           | not null | 
+ c      | character(1)          |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "cwi_uniq_idx" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a, b)
+
+\d cwi_uniq_idx
+            Index "public.cwi_uniq_idx"
+ Column |         Type          | Key? | Definition 
+--------+-----------------------+------+------------
+ a      | integer               | yes  | a
+ b      | character varying(10) | yes  | b
+primary key, btree, for table "public.cwi_test"
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq2_idx ON cwi_test(b , a);
+ALTER TABLE cwi_test DROP CONSTRAINT cwi_uniq_idx,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT cwi_replaced_pkey PRIMARY KEY
+		USING INDEX cwi_uniq2_idx;
+NOTICE:  ALTER TABLE / ADD CONSTRAINT USING INDEX will rename index "cwi_uniq2_idx" to "cwi_replaced_pkey"
+\d cwi_test
+                     Table "public.cwi_test"
+ Column |         Type          | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+-----------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer               |           | not null | 
+ b      | character varying(10) |           | not null | 
+ c      | character(1)          |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "cwi_replaced_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (b, a)
+
+\d cwi_replaced_pkey
+          Index "public.cwi_replaced_pkey"
+ Column |         Type          | Key? | Definition 
+--------+-----------------------+------+------------
+ b      | character varying(10) | yes  | b
+ a      | integer               | yes  | a
+primary key, btree, for table "public.cwi_test"
+
+DROP INDEX cwi_replaced_pkey;	-- Should fail; a constraint depends on it
+ERROR:  cannot drop index cwi_replaced_pkey because constraint cwi_replaced_pkey on table cwi_test requires it
+HINT:  You can drop constraint cwi_replaced_pkey on table cwi_test instead.
+-- Check that non-default index options are rejected
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq3_idx ON cwi_test(a desc);
+ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD UNIQUE USING INDEX cwi_uniq3_idx;  -- fail
+ERROR:  index "cwi_uniq3_idx" column number 1 does not have default sorting behavior
+LINE 1: ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD UNIQUE USING INDEX cwi_uniq3_idx;
+                                 ^
+DETAIL:  Cannot create a primary key or unique constraint using such an index.
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq4_idx ON cwi_test(b collate "POSIX");
+ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD UNIQUE USING INDEX cwi_uniq4_idx;  -- fail
+ERROR:  index "cwi_uniq4_idx" column number 1 does not have default sorting behavior
+LINE 1: ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD UNIQUE USING INDEX cwi_uniq4_idx;
+                                 ^
+DETAIL:  Cannot create a primary key or unique constraint using such an index.
+DROP TABLE cwi_test;
+-- ADD CONSTRAINT USING INDEX is forbidden on partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE cwi_test(a int) PARTITION BY hash (a);
+create unique index on cwi_test (a);
+alter table cwi_test add primary key using index cwi_test_a_idx ;
+ERROR:  ALTER TABLE / ADD CONSTRAINT USING INDEX is not supported on partitioned tables
+DROP TABLE cwi_test;
+--
+-- Check handling of indexes on system columns
+--
+CREATE TABLE syscol_table (a INT);
+-- System columns cannot be indexed
+CREATE INDEX ON syscolcol_table (ctid);
+ERROR:  relation "syscolcol_table" does not exist
+-- nor used in expressions
+CREATE INDEX ON syscol_table ((ctid >= '(1000,0)'));
+ERROR:  index creation on system columns is not supported
+-- nor used in predicates
+CREATE INDEX ON syscol_table (a) WHERE ctid >= '(1000,0)';
+ERROR:  index creation on system columns is not supported
+DROP TABLE syscol_table;
+--
+-- Tests for IS NULL/IS NOT NULL with b-tree indexes
+--
+CREATE TABLE onek_with_null AS SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek;
+INSERT INTO onek_with_null (unique1,unique2) VALUES (NULL, -1), (NULL, NULL);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2,unique1);
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+ count 
+-------
+   499
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP INDEX onek_nulltest;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2 desc,unique1);
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+ count 
+-------
+   499
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP INDEX onek_nulltest;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2 desc nulls last,unique1);
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+ count 
+-------
+   499
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP INDEX onek_nulltest;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2  nulls first,unique1);
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+ count 
+-------
+   499
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP INDEX onek_nulltest;
+-- Check initial-positioning logic too
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2);
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null
+  ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 2;
+ unique1 | unique2 
+---------+---------
+         |      -1
+     147 |       0
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 >= -1
+  ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 2;
+ unique1 | unique2 
+---------+---------
+         |      -1
+     147 |       0
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 >= 0
+  ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 2;
+ unique1 | unique2 
+---------+---------
+     147 |       0
+     931 |       1
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null
+  ORDER BY unique2 DESC LIMIT 2;
+ unique1 | unique2 
+---------+---------
+         |        
+     278 |     999
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 >= -1
+  ORDER BY unique2 DESC LIMIT 2;
+ unique1 | unique2 
+---------+---------
+     278 |     999
+       0 |     998
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 < 999
+  ORDER BY unique2 DESC LIMIT 2;
+ unique1 | unique2 
+---------+---------
+       0 |     998
+     744 |     997
+(2 rows)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+DROP TABLE onek_with_null;
+--
+-- Check bitmap index path planning
+--
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM tenk1
+  WHERE thousand = 42 AND (tenthous = 1 OR tenthous = 3 OR tenthous = 42);
+                                                               QUERY PLAN                                                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1
+   Recheck Cond: (((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 1)) OR ((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 3)) OR ((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 42)))
+   ->  BitmapOr
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+               Index Cond: ((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 1))
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+               Index Cond: ((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 3))
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+               Index Cond: ((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous = 42))
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM tenk1
+  WHERE thousand = 42 AND (tenthous = 1 OR tenthous = 3 OR tenthous = 42);
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      42 |    5530 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      42 |       42 |          42 |        42 |       42 |  84 |   85 | QBAAAA   | SEIAAA   | OOOOxx
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1
+  WHERE hundred = 42 AND (thousand = 42 OR thousand = 99);
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1
+         Recheck Cond: ((hundred = 42) AND ((thousand = 42) OR (thousand = 99)))
+         ->  BitmapAnd
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_hundred
+                     Index Cond: (hundred = 42)
+               ->  BitmapOr
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+                           Index Cond: (thousand = 42)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+                           Index Cond: (thousand = 99)
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1
+  WHERE hundred = 42 AND (thousand = 42 OR thousand = 99);
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check behavior with duplicate index column contents
+--
+CREATE TABLE dupindexcols AS
+  SELECT unique1 as id, stringu2::text as f1 FROM tenk1;
+CREATE INDEX dupindexcols_i ON dupindexcols (f1, id, f1 text_pattern_ops);
+ANALYZE dupindexcols;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+  SELECT count(*) FROM dupindexcols
+    WHERE f1 BETWEEN 'WA' AND 'ZZZ' and id < 1000 and f1 ~<~ 'YX';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                   
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on dupindexcols
+         Recheck Cond: ((f1 >= 'WA'::text) AND (f1 <= 'ZZZ'::text) AND (id < 1000) AND (f1 ~<~ 'YX'::text))
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on dupindexcols_i
+               Index Cond: ((f1 >= 'WA'::text) AND (f1 <= 'ZZZ'::text) AND (id < 1000) AND (f1 ~<~ 'YX'::text))
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM dupindexcols
+  WHERE f1 BETWEEN 'WA' AND 'ZZZ' and id < 1000 and f1 ~<~ 'YX';
+ count 
+-------
+    97
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check ordering of =ANY indexqual results (bug in 9.2.0)
+--
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1
+WHERE unique1 IN (1,42,7)
+ORDER BY unique1;
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+   Index Cond: (unique1 = ANY ('{1,42,7}'::integer[]))
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1
+WHERE unique1 IN (1,42,7)
+ORDER BY unique1;
+ unique1 
+---------
+       1
+       7
+      42
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000)
+ORDER BY thousand;
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+   Index Cond: (thousand < 2)
+   Filter: (tenthous = ANY ('{1001,3000}'::integer[]))
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000)
+ORDER BY thousand;
+ thousand | tenthous 
+----------+----------
+        0 |     3000
+        1 |     1001
+(2 rows)
+
+SET enable_indexonlyscan = OFF;
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000)
+ORDER BY thousand;
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                      
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: thousand
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+         Index Cond: ((thousand < 2) AND (tenthous = ANY ('{1001,3000}'::integer[])))
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000)
+ORDER BY thousand;
+ thousand | tenthous 
+----------+----------
+        0 |     3000
+        1 |     1001
+(2 rows)
+
+RESET enable_indexonlyscan;
+--
+-- Check elimination of constant-NULL subexpressions
+--
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from tenk1 where (thousand, tenthous) in ((1,1001), (null,null));
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+   Index Cond: ((thousand = 1) AND (tenthous = 1001))
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check matching of boolean index columns to WHERE conditions and sort keys
+--
+create temp table boolindex (b bool, i int, unique(b, i), junk float);
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex order by b, i limit 10;
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex where b order by i limit 10;
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex
+         Index Cond: (b = true)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex where b = true order by i desc limit 10;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan Backward using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex
+         Index Cond: (b = true)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex where not b order by i limit 10;
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex
+         Index Cond: (b = false)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex where b is true order by i desc limit 10;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan Backward using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex
+         Index Cond: (b = true)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex where b is false order by i desc limit 10;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan Backward using boolindex_b_i_key on boolindex
+         Index Cond: (b = false)
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- REINDEX (VERBOSE)
+--
+CREATE TABLE reindex_verbose(id integer primary key);
+\set VERBOSITY terse \\ -- suppress machine-dependent details
+REINDEX (VERBOSE) TABLE reindex_verbose;
+INFO:  index "reindex_verbose_pkey" was reindexed
+\set VERBOSITY default
+DROP TABLE reindex_verbose;
+--
+-- REINDEX CONCURRENTLY
+--
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab (c1 int);
+-- REINDEX
+REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_tab; -- notice
+NOTICE:  table "concur_reindex_tab" has no indexes to reindex
+REINDEX (CONCURRENTLY) TABLE concur_reindex_tab; -- notice
+NOTICE:  table "concur_reindex_tab" has no indexes that can be reindexed concurrently
+ALTER TABLE concur_reindex_tab ADD COLUMN c2 text; -- add toast index
+-- Normal index with integer column
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_reindex_ind1 ON concur_reindex_tab(c1);
+-- Normal index with text column
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_ind2 ON concur_reindex_tab(c2);
+-- UNIQUE index with expression
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_reindex_ind3 ON concur_reindex_tab(abs(c1));
+-- Duplicate column names
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_ind4 ON concur_reindex_tab(c1, c1, c2);
+-- Create table for check on foreign key dependence switch with indexes swapped
+ALTER TABLE concur_reindex_tab ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX concur_reindex_ind1;
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab2 (c1 int REFERENCES concur_reindex_tab);
+INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab VALUES  (1, 'a');
+INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab VALUES  (2, 'a');
+-- Reindex concurrently of exclusion constraint currently not supported
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab3 (c1 int, c2 int4range, EXCLUDE USING gist (c2 WITH &&));
+INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab3 VALUES  (3, '[1,2]');
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY  concur_reindex_tab3_c2_excl;  -- error
+ERROR:  concurrent index creation for exclusion constraints is not supported
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab3;  -- succeeds with warning
+WARNING:  cannot reindex exclusion constraint index "public.concur_reindex_tab3_c2_excl" concurrently, skipping
+INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab3 VALUES  (4, '[2,4]');
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "concur_reindex_tab3_c2_excl"
+DETAIL:  Key (c2)=([2,5)) conflicts with existing key (c2)=([1,3)).
+-- Check materialized views
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW concur_reindex_matview AS SELECT * FROM concur_reindex_tab;
+-- Dependency lookup before and after the follow-up REINDEX commands.
+-- These should remain consistent.
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+  objid in ('concur_reindex_tab'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_ind1'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind2'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind3'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind4'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_matview'::regclass)
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+                   obj                    |                           objref                           | deptype 
+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------
+ index concur_reindex_ind1                | constraint concur_reindex_ind1 on table concur_reindex_tab | i
+ index concur_reindex_ind2                | column c2 of table concur_reindex_tab                      | a
+ index concur_reindex_ind3                | column c1 of table concur_reindex_tab                      | a
+ index concur_reindex_ind3                | table concur_reindex_tab                                   | a
+ index concur_reindex_ind4                | column c1 of table concur_reindex_tab                      | a
+ index concur_reindex_ind4                | column c2 of table concur_reindex_tab                      | a
+ materialized view concur_reindex_matview | schema public                                              | n
+ table concur_reindex_tab                 | schema public                                              | n
+(8 rows)
+
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind1;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_matview;
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+  objid in ('concur_reindex_tab'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_ind1'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind2'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind3'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind4'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_matview'::regclass)
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+                   obj                    |                           objref                           | deptype 
+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------
+ index concur_reindex_ind1                | constraint concur_reindex_ind1 on table concur_reindex_tab | i
+ index concur_reindex_ind2                | column c2 of table concur_reindex_tab                      | a
+ index concur_reindex_ind3                | column c1 of table concur_reindex_tab                      | a
+ index concur_reindex_ind3                | table concur_reindex_tab                                   | a
+ index concur_reindex_ind4                | column c1 of table concur_reindex_tab                      | a
+ index concur_reindex_ind4                | column c2 of table concur_reindex_tab                      | a
+ materialized view concur_reindex_matview | schema public                                              | n
+ table concur_reindex_tab                 | schema public                                              | n
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Check that comments are preserved
+CREATE TABLE testcomment (i int);
+CREATE INDEX testcomment_idx1 ON testcomment (i);
+COMMENT ON INDEX testcomment_idx1 IS 'test comment';
+SELECT obj_description('testcomment_idx1'::regclass, 'pg_class');
+ obj_description 
+-----------------
+ test comment
+(1 row)
+
+REINDEX TABLE testcomment;
+SELECT obj_description('testcomment_idx1'::regclass, 'pg_class');
+ obj_description 
+-----------------
+ test comment
+(1 row)
+
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY testcomment ;
+SELECT obj_description('testcomment_idx1'::regclass, 'pg_class');
+ obj_description 
+-----------------
+ test comment
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE testcomment;
+-- Check that indisclustered updates are preserved
+CREATE TABLE concur_clustered(i int);
+CREATE INDEX concur_clustered_i_idx ON concur_clustered(i);
+ALTER TABLE concur_clustered CLUSTER ON concur_clustered_i_idx;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_clustered;
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indisclustered FROM pg_index
+  WHERE indrelid = 'concur_clustered'::regclass;
+       indexrelid       | indisclustered 
+------------------------+----------------
+ concur_clustered_i_idx | t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE concur_clustered;
+-- Check that indisreplident updates are preserved.
+CREATE TABLE concur_replident(i int NOT NULL);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_replident_i_idx ON concur_replident(i);
+ALTER TABLE concur_replident REPLICA IDENTITY
+  USING INDEX concur_replident_i_idx;
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indisreplident FROM pg_index
+  WHERE indrelid = 'concur_replident'::regclass;
+       indexrelid       | indisreplident 
+------------------------+----------------
+ concur_replident_i_idx | t
+(1 row)
+
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_replident;
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indisreplident FROM pg_index
+  WHERE indrelid = 'concur_replident'::regclass;
+       indexrelid       | indisreplident 
+------------------------+----------------
+ concur_replident_i_idx | t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE concur_replident;
+-- Check that opclass parameters are preserved
+CREATE TABLE concur_appclass_tab(i tsvector, j tsvector, k tsvector);
+CREATE INDEX concur_appclass_ind on concur_appclass_tab
+  USING gist (i tsvector_ops (siglen='1000'), j tsvector_ops (siglen='500'));
+CREATE INDEX concur_appclass_ind_2 on concur_appclass_tab
+  USING gist (k tsvector_ops (siglen='300'), j tsvector_ops);
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_appclass_tab;
+\d concur_appclass_tab
+         Table "public.concur_appclass_tab"
+ Column |   Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+----------+-----------+----------+---------
+ i      | tsvector |           |          | 
+ j      | tsvector |           |          | 
+ k      | tsvector |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "concur_appclass_ind" gist (i tsvector_ops (siglen='1000'), j tsvector_ops (siglen='500'))
+    "concur_appclass_ind_2" gist (k tsvector_ops (siglen='300'), j)
+
+DROP TABLE concur_appclass_tab;
+-- Partitions
+-- Create some partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part (c1 int, c2 int) PARTITION BY RANGE (c1);
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_0 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part
+  FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10) PARTITION BY list (c2);
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_0_1 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part_0
+  FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_0_2 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part_0
+  FOR VALUES IN (2);
+-- This partitioned table will have no partitions.
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_10 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part
+  FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20) PARTITION BY list (c2);
+-- Create some partitioned indexes
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index ON ONLY concur_reindex_part (c1);
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_0 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_0;
+-- This partitioned index will have no partitions.
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_10 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_10 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_10;
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_0_1 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0 ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_0_1;
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_0_2 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0 ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_0_2;
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index')
+  ORDER BY relid, level;
+             relid             |         parentrelid         | level 
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+-------
+ concur_reindex_part_index     |                             |     0
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0   | concur_reindex_part_index   |     1
+ concur_reindex_part_index_10  | concur_reindex_part_index   |     1
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 |     2
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 |     2
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index')
+  ORDER BY relid, level;
+             relid             |         parentrelid         | level 
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+-------
+ concur_reindex_part_index     |                             |     0
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0   | concur_reindex_part_index   |     1
+ concur_reindex_part_index_10  | concur_reindex_part_index   |     1
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 |     2
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 |     2
+(5 rows)
+
+-- REINDEX should preserve dependencies of partition tree.
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+  objid in ('concur_reindex_part'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0_1'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0_2'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0_1'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0_2'::regclass)
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+                   obj                    |                   objref                   | deptype 
+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+---------
+ column c1 of table concur_reindex_part   | table concur_reindex_part                  | i
+ column c2 of table concur_reindex_part_0 | table concur_reindex_part_0                | i
+ index concur_reindex_part_index          | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part     | a
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0        | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0   | a
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0        | index concur_reindex_part_index            | P
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0        | table concur_reindex_part_0                | S
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1      | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0_1 | a
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1      | index concur_reindex_part_index_0          | P
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1      | table concur_reindex_part_0_1              | S
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2      | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0_2 | a
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2      | index concur_reindex_part_index_0          | P
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2      | table concur_reindex_part_0_2              | S
+ table concur_reindex_part                | schema public                              | n
+ table concur_reindex_part_0              | schema public                              | n
+ table concur_reindex_part_0              | table concur_reindex_part                  | a
+ table concur_reindex_part_0_1            | schema public                              | n
+ table concur_reindex_part_0_1            | table concur_reindex_part_0                | a
+ table concur_reindex_part_0_2            | schema public                              | n
+ table concur_reindex_part_0_2            | table concur_reindex_part_0                | a
+(19 rows)
+
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index_0_1;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index_0_2;
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index')
+  ORDER BY relid, level;
+             relid             |         parentrelid         | level 
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+-------
+ concur_reindex_part_index     |                             |     0
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0   | concur_reindex_part_index   |     1
+ concur_reindex_part_index_10  | concur_reindex_part_index   |     1
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 |     2
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 |     2
+(5 rows)
+
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_0_1;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_0_2;
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+  objid in ('concur_reindex_part'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0_1'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0_2'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0_1'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0_2'::regclass)
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+                   obj                    |                   objref                   | deptype 
+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+---------
+ column c1 of table concur_reindex_part   | table concur_reindex_part                  | i
+ column c2 of table concur_reindex_part_0 | table concur_reindex_part_0                | i
+ index concur_reindex_part_index          | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part     | a
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0        | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0   | a
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0        | index concur_reindex_part_index            | P
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0        | table concur_reindex_part_0                | S
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1      | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0_1 | a
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1      | index concur_reindex_part_index_0          | P
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_1      | table concur_reindex_part_0_1              | S
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2      | column c1 of table concur_reindex_part_0_2 | a
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2      | index concur_reindex_part_index_0          | P
+ index concur_reindex_part_index_0_2      | table concur_reindex_part_0_2              | S
+ table concur_reindex_part                | schema public                              | n
+ table concur_reindex_part_0              | schema public                              | n
+ table concur_reindex_part_0              | table concur_reindex_part                  | a
+ table concur_reindex_part_0_1            | schema public                              | n
+ table concur_reindex_part_0_1            | table concur_reindex_part_0                | a
+ table concur_reindex_part_0_2            | schema public                              | n
+ table concur_reindex_part_0_2            | table concur_reindex_part_0                | a
+(19 rows)
+
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index')
+  ORDER BY relid, level;
+             relid             |         parentrelid         | level 
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+-------
+ concur_reindex_part_index     |                             |     0
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0   | concur_reindex_part_index   |     1
+ concur_reindex_part_index_10  | concur_reindex_part_index   |     1
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 |     2
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | concur_reindex_part_index_0 |     2
+(5 rows)
+
+-- REINDEX for partitioned indexes
+-- REINDEX TABLE fails for partitioned indexes
+-- Top-most parent index
+REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part_index; -- error
+ERROR:  "concur_reindex_part_index" is not a table or materialized view
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index; -- error
+ERROR:  "concur_reindex_part_index" is not a table or materialized view
+-- Partitioned index with no leaves
+REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part_index_10; -- error
+ERROR:  "concur_reindex_part_index_10" is not a table or materialized view
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index_10; -- error
+ERROR:  "concur_reindex_part_index_10" is not a table or materialized view
+-- Cannot run in a transaction block
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part_index;
+ERROR:  REINDEX INDEX cannot run inside a transaction block
+CONTEXT:  while reindexing partitioned index "public.concur_reindex_part_index"
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Helper functions to track changes of relfilenodes in a partition tree.
+-- Create a table tracking the relfilenode state.
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION create_relfilenode_part(relname text, indname text)
+  RETURNS VOID AS
+  $func$
+  BEGIN
+  EXECUTE format('
+    CREATE TABLE %I AS
+      SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid
+      FROM pg_class
+      WHERE oid IN
+         (SELECT relid FROM pg_partition_tree(''%I''));',
+	 relname, indname);
+  END
+  $func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION compare_relfilenode_part(tabname text)
+  RETURNS TABLE (relname name, relkind "char", state text) AS
+  $func$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN QUERY EXECUTE
+      format(
+        'SELECT  b.relname,
+                 b.relkind,
+                 CASE WHEN a.relfilenode = b.relfilenode THEN ''relfilenode is unchanged''
+                 ELSE ''relfilenode has changed'' END
+           -- Do not join with OID here as CONCURRENTLY changes it.
+           FROM %I b JOIN pg_class a ON b.relname = a.relname
+           ORDER BY 1;', tabname);
+  END
+  $func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+--  Check that expected relfilenodes are changed, non-concurrent case.
+SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index');
+ create_relfilenode_part 
+-------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part_index;
+SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status');
+            relname            | relkind |          state           
+-------------------------------+---------+--------------------------
+ concur_reindex_part_index     | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0   | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ concur_reindex_part_index_10  | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE reindex_index_status;
+-- concurrent case.
+SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index');
+ create_relfilenode_part 
+-------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index;
+SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status');
+            relname            | relkind |          state           
+-------------------------------+---------+--------------------------
+ concur_reindex_part_index     | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0   | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ concur_reindex_part_index_10  | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE reindex_index_status;
+-- REINDEX for partitioned tables
+-- REINDEX INDEX fails for partitioned tables
+-- Top-most parent
+REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part; -- error
+ERROR:  "concur_reindex_part" is not an index
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part; -- error
+ERROR:  "concur_reindex_part" is not an index
+-- Partitioned with no leaves
+REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part_10; -- error
+ERROR:  "concur_reindex_part_10" is not an index
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_10; -- error
+ERROR:  "concur_reindex_part_10" is not an index
+-- Cannot run in a transaction block
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part;
+ERROR:  REINDEX TABLE cannot run inside a transaction block
+CONTEXT:  while reindexing partitioned table "public.concur_reindex_part"
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Check that expected relfilenodes are changed, non-concurrent case.
+-- Note that the partition tree changes of the *indexes* need to be checked.
+SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index');
+ create_relfilenode_part 
+-------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part;
+SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status');
+            relname            | relkind |          state           
+-------------------------------+---------+--------------------------
+ concur_reindex_part_index     | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0   | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ concur_reindex_part_index_10  | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE reindex_index_status;
+-- concurrent case.
+SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index');
+ create_relfilenode_part 
+-------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part;
+SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status');
+            relname            | relkind |          state           
+-------------------------------+---------+--------------------------
+ concur_reindex_part_index     | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0   | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ concur_reindex_part_index_10  | I       | relfilenode is unchanged
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE reindex_index_status;
+DROP FUNCTION create_relfilenode_part;
+DROP FUNCTION compare_relfilenode_part;
+-- Cleanup of partition tree used for REINDEX test.
+DROP TABLE concur_reindex_part;
+-- Check errors
+-- Cannot run inside a transaction block
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab;
+ERROR:  REINDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block
+COMMIT;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_class; -- no catalog relation
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY pg_class_oid_index; -- no catalog index
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+-- These are the toast table and index of pg_authid.
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_toast.pg_toast_1260; -- no catalog toast table
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY pg_toast.pg_toast_1260_index; -- no catalog toast index
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+REINDEX SYSTEM CONCURRENTLY postgres; -- not allowed for SYSTEM
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+-- Warns about catalog relations
+REINDEX SCHEMA CONCURRENTLY pg_catalog;
+WARNING:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently, skipping all
+-- Check the relation status, there should not be invalid indexes
+\d concur_reindex_tab
+         Table "public.concur_reindex_tab"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "concur_reindex_ind1" PRIMARY KEY, btree (c1)
+    "concur_reindex_ind2" btree (c2)
+    "concur_reindex_ind3" UNIQUE, btree (abs(c1))
+    "concur_reindex_ind4" btree (c1, c1, c2)
+Referenced by:
+    TABLE "concur_reindex_tab2" CONSTRAINT "concur_reindex_tab2_c1_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (c1) REFERENCES concur_reindex_tab(c1)
+
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW concur_reindex_matview;
+DROP TABLE concur_reindex_tab, concur_reindex_tab2, concur_reindex_tab3;
+-- Check handling of invalid indexes
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab4 (c1 int);
+INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab4 VALUES (1), (1), (2);
+-- This trick creates an invalid index.
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind5 ON concur_reindex_tab4 (c1);
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "concur_reindex_ind5"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1)=(1) is duplicated.
+-- Reindexing concurrently this index fails with the same failure.
+-- The extra index created is itself invalid, and can be dropped.
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind5;
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "concur_reindex_ind5_ccnew"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1)=(1) is duplicated.
+\d concur_reindex_tab4
+        Table "public.concur_reindex_tab4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "concur_reindex_ind5" UNIQUE, btree (c1) INVALID
+    "concur_reindex_ind5_ccnew" UNIQUE, btree (c1) INVALID
+
+DROP INDEX concur_reindex_ind5_ccnew;
+-- This makes the previous failure go away, so the index can become valid.
+DELETE FROM concur_reindex_tab4 WHERE c1 = 1;
+-- The invalid index is not processed when running REINDEX TABLE.
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab4;
+WARNING:  cannot reindex invalid index "public.concur_reindex_ind5" concurrently, skipping
+NOTICE:  table "concur_reindex_tab4" has no indexes that can be reindexed concurrently
+\d concur_reindex_tab4
+        Table "public.concur_reindex_tab4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "concur_reindex_ind5" UNIQUE, btree (c1) INVALID
+
+-- But it is fixed with REINDEX INDEX.
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind5;
+\d concur_reindex_tab4
+        Table "public.concur_reindex_tab4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "concur_reindex_ind5" UNIQUE, btree (c1)
+
+DROP TABLE concur_reindex_tab4;
+-- Check handling of indexes with expressions and predicates.  The
+-- definitions of the rebuilt indexes should match the original
+-- definitions.
+CREATE TABLE concur_exprs_tab (c1 int , c2 boolean);
+INSERT INTO concur_exprs_tab (c1, c2) VALUES (1369652450, FALSE),
+  (414515746, TRUE),
+  (897778963, FALSE);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr
+  ON concur_exprs_tab ((c1::text COLLATE "C"));
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred ON concur_exprs_tab (c1)
+  WHERE (c1::text > 500000000::text COLLATE "C");
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred_2
+  ON concur_exprs_tab ((1 / c1))
+  WHERE ('-H') >= (c2::TEXT) COLLATE "C";
+ALTER INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr ALTER COLUMN 1 SET STATISTICS 100;
+ANALYZE concur_exprs_tab;
+SELECT starelid::regclass, count(*) FROM pg_statistic WHERE starelid IN (
+  'concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass,
+  'concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass,
+  'concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass)
+  GROUP BY starelid ORDER BY starelid::regclass::text;
+        starelid         | count 
+-------------------------+-------
+ concur_exprs_index_expr |     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass);
+                                                pg_get_indexdef                                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((c1)::text) COLLATE "C")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass);
+                                                               pg_get_indexdef                                                                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (c1) WHERE ((c1)::text > ((500000000)::text COLLATE "C"))
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass);
+                                                                 pg_get_indexdef                                                                  
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred_2 ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((1 / c1))) WHERE ('-H'::text >= ((c2)::text COLLATE "C"))
+(1 row)
+
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_exprs_tab;
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass);
+                                                pg_get_indexdef                                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((c1)::text) COLLATE "C")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass);
+                                                               pg_get_indexdef                                                                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (c1) WHERE ((c1)::text > ((500000000)::text COLLATE "C"))
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass);
+                                                                 pg_get_indexdef                                                                  
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred_2 ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((1 / c1))) WHERE ('-H'::text >= ((c2)::text COLLATE "C"))
+(1 row)
+
+-- ALTER TABLE recreates the indexes, which should keep their collations.
+ALTER TABLE concur_exprs_tab ALTER c2 TYPE TEXT;
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass);
+                                                pg_get_indexdef                                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((c1)::text) COLLATE "C")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass);
+                                                               pg_get_indexdef                                                                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (c1) WHERE ((c1)::text > ((500000000)::text COLLATE "C"))
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass);
+                                                             pg_get_indexdef                                                              
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred_2 ON public.concur_exprs_tab USING btree (((1 / c1))) WHERE ('-H'::text >= (c2 COLLATE "C"))
+(1 row)
+
+-- Statistics should remain intact.
+SELECT starelid::regclass, count(*) FROM pg_statistic WHERE starelid IN (
+  'concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass,
+  'concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass,
+  'concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass)
+  GROUP BY starelid ORDER BY starelid::regclass::text;
+        starelid         | count 
+-------------------------+-------
+ concur_exprs_index_expr |     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- attstattarget should remain intact
+SELECT attrelid::regclass, attnum, attstattarget
+  FROM pg_attribute WHERE attrelid IN (
+    'concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass,
+    'concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass,
+    'concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass)
+  ORDER BY attrelid::regclass::text, attnum;
+         attrelid          | attnum | attstattarget 
+---------------------------+--------+---------------
+ concur_exprs_index_expr   |      1 |           100
+ concur_exprs_index_pred   |      1 |            -1
+ concur_exprs_index_pred_2 |      1 |            -1
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE concur_exprs_tab;
+-- Temporary tables and on-commit actions, where CONCURRENTLY is ignored.
+-- ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS, the default.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp_tab_1 (c1 int, c2 text)
+  ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS;
+INSERT INTO concur_temp_tab_1 VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+CREATE INDEX concur_temp_ind_1 ON concur_temp_tab_1(c2);
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_tab_1;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_1;
+-- Still fails in transaction blocks
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_1;
+ERROR:  REINDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block
+COMMIT;
+-- ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp_tab_2 (c1 int, c2 text)
+  ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+CREATE INDEX concur_temp_ind_2 ON concur_temp_tab_2(c2);
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_tab_2;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_2;
+-- ON COMMIT DROP
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp_tab_3 (c1 int, c2 text)
+  ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS;
+INSERT INTO concur_temp_tab_3 VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+CREATE INDEX concur_temp_ind_3 ON concur_temp_tab_3(c2);
+-- Fails when running in a transaction
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_3;
+ERROR:  REINDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot run inside a transaction block
+COMMIT;
+-- REINDEX SCHEMA processes all temporary relations
+CREATE TABLE reindex_temp_before AS
+SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid
+  FROM pg_class
+  WHERE relname IN ('concur_temp_ind_1', 'concur_temp_ind_2');
+SELECT pg_my_temp_schema()::regnamespace as temp_schema_name \gset
+REINDEX SCHEMA CONCURRENTLY :temp_schema_name;
+SELECT  b.relname,
+        b.relkind,
+        CASE WHEN a.relfilenode = b.relfilenode THEN 'relfilenode is unchanged'
+        ELSE 'relfilenode has changed' END
+  FROM reindex_temp_before b JOIN pg_class a ON b.oid = a.oid
+  ORDER BY 1;
+      relname      | relkind |          case           
+-------------------+---------+-------------------------
+ concur_temp_ind_1 | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ concur_temp_ind_2 | i       | relfilenode has changed
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE concur_temp_tab_1, concur_temp_tab_2, reindex_temp_before;
+--
+-- REINDEX SCHEMA
+--
+REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex; -- failure, schema does not exist
+ERROR:  schema "schema_to_reindex" does not exist
+CREATE SCHEMA schema_to_reindex;
+SET search_path = 'schema_to_reindex';
+CREATE TABLE table1(col1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO table1 SELECT generate_series(1,400);
+CREATE TABLE table2(col1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, col2 TEXT NOT NULL);
+INSERT INTO table2 SELECT generate_series(1,400), 'abc';
+CREATE INDEX ON table2(col2);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview AS SELECT col1 FROM table2;
+CREATE INDEX ON matview(col1);
+CREATE VIEW view AS SELECT col2 FROM table2;
+CREATE TABLE reindex_before AS
+SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid
+	FROM pg_class
+	where relnamespace = (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'schema_to_reindex');
+INSERT INTO reindex_before
+SELECT oid, 'pg_toast_TABLE', relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid
+FROM pg_class WHERE oid IN
+	(SELECT reltoastrelid FROM reindex_before WHERE reltoastrelid > 0);
+INSERT INTO reindex_before
+SELECT oid, 'pg_toast_TABLE_index', relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid
+FROM pg_class where oid in
+	(select indexrelid from pg_index where indrelid in
+		(select reltoastrelid from reindex_before where reltoastrelid > 0));
+REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex;
+CREATE TABLE reindex_after AS SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind
+	FROM pg_class
+	where relnamespace = (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'schema_to_reindex');
+SELECT  b.relname,
+        b.relkind,
+        CASE WHEN a.relfilenode = b.relfilenode THEN 'relfilenode is unchanged'
+        ELSE 'relfilenode has changed' END
+  FROM reindex_before b JOIN pg_class a ON b.oid = a.oid
+  ORDER BY 1;
+       relname        | relkind |           case           
+----------------------+---------+--------------------------
+ matview              | m       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ matview_col1_idx     | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ pg_toast_TABLE       | t       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ pg_toast_TABLE_index | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ table1               | r       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ table1_col1_seq      | S       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ table1_pkey          | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ table2               | r       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ table2_col1_seq      | S       | relfilenode is unchanged
+ table2_col2_idx      | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ table2_pkey          | i       | relfilenode has changed
+ view                 | v       | relfilenode is unchanged
+(12 rows)
+
+REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex;
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex; -- failure, cannot run in a transaction
+ERROR:  REINDEX SCHEMA cannot run inside a transaction block
+END;
+-- concurrently
+REINDEX SCHEMA CONCURRENTLY schema_to_reindex;
+-- Failure for unauthorized user
+CREATE ROLE regress_reindexuser NOLOGIN;
+SET SESSION ROLE regress_reindexuser;
+REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex;
+ERROR:  must be owner of schema schema_to_reindex
+-- Permission failures with toast tables and indexes (pg_authid here)
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA pg_toast TO regress_reindexuser;
+SET SESSION ROLE regress_reindexuser;
+REINDEX TABLE pg_toast.pg_toast_1260;
+ERROR:  must be owner of table pg_toast_1260
+REINDEX INDEX pg_toast.pg_toast_1260_index;
+ERROR:  must be owner of index pg_toast_1260_index
+-- Clean up
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMA pg_toast FROM regress_reindexuser;
+DROP ROLE regress_reindexuser;
+DROP SCHEMA schema_to_reindex CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 6 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table table1
+drop cascades to table table2
+drop cascades to materialized view matview
+drop cascades to view view
+drop cascades to table reindex_before
+drop cascades to table reindex_after
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_index_spgist.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_index_spgist.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c04df9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_index_spgist.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1371 @@
+--
+-- SP-GiST index tests
+--
+CREATE TABLE quad_point_tbl AS
+    SELECT point(unique1,unique2) AS p FROM tenk1;
+INSERT INTO quad_point_tbl
+    SELECT '(333.0,400.0)'::point FROM generate_series(1,1000);
+INSERT INTO quad_point_tbl VALUES (NULL), (NULL), (NULL);
+CREATE INDEX sp_quad_ind ON quad_point_tbl USING spgist (p);
+CREATE TABLE kd_point_tbl AS SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl;
+CREATE INDEX sp_kd_ind ON kd_point_tbl USING spgist (p kd_point_ops);
+CREATE TABLE radix_text_tbl AS
+    SELECT name AS t FROM road WHERE name !~ '^[0-9]';
+INSERT INTO radix_text_tbl
+    SELECT 'P0123456789abcdef' FROM generate_series(1,1000);
+INSERT INTO radix_text_tbl VALUES ('P0123456789abcde');
+INSERT INTO radix_text_tbl VALUES ('P0123456789abcdefF');
+CREATE INDEX sp_radix_ind ON radix_text_tbl USING spgist (t);
+-- get non-indexed results for comparison purposes
+SET enable_seqscan = ON;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+ 11000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl;
+ count 
+-------
+ 11003
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  1057
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+ count 
+-------
+  1057
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  6000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  4999
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  5000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  5999
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_seq2 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_seq3 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '333,400') n, p <-> '333,400' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdef';
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcde';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdefF';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   272
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<~  'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   272
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <=   'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   273
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   273
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >=   'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >    'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    48
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>~  'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    48
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ^@  'Worth';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- Now check the results from plain indexscan
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NULL;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p IS NULL)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p IS NOT NULL)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+ 11000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl;
+ count 
+-------
+ 11003
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  1057
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+ count 
+-------
+  1057
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p << '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  6000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p >> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  4999
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p <<| '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  5000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p |>> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  5999
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p ~= '(4585,365)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Order By: (p <-> '(0,0)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_idx1 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl;
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 seq FULL JOIN quad_point_tbl_ord_idx1 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+ n | dist | p | n | dist | p 
+---+------+---+---+------+---
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+         Order By: (p <-> '(0,0)'::point)
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_idx2 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq2 seq FULL JOIN quad_point_tbl_ord_idx2 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+ n | dist | p | n | dist | p 
+---+------+---+---+------+---
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '333,400') n, p <-> '333,400' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_quad_ind on quad_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p IS NOT NULL)
+         Order By: (p <-> '(333,400)'::point)
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_idx3 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '333,400') n, p <-> '333,400' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq3 seq FULL JOIN quad_point_tbl_ord_idx3 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+ n | dist | p | n | dist | p 
+---+------+---+---+------+---
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_kd_ind on kd_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  1057
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_kd_ind on kd_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+ count 
+-------
+  1057
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_kd_ind on kd_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p << '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  6000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_kd_ind on kd_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p >> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  4999
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_kd_ind on kd_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p <<| '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  5000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_kd_ind on kd_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p |>> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  5999
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_kd_ind on kd_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p ~= '(4585,365)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl;
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_kd_ind on kd_point_tbl
+         Order By: (p <-> '(0,0)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE kd_point_tbl_ord_idx1 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl;
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 seq FULL JOIN kd_point_tbl_ord_idx1 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+ n | dist | p | n | dist | p 
+---+------+---+---+------+---
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_kd_ind on kd_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+         Order By: (p <-> '(0,0)'::point)
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE kd_point_tbl_ord_idx2 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq2 seq FULL JOIN kd_point_tbl_ord_idx2 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+ n | dist | p | n | dist | p 
+---+------+---+---+------+---
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '333,400') n, p <-> '333,400' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_kd_ind on kd_point_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p IS NOT NULL)
+         Order By: (p <-> '(333,400)'::point)
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE kd_point_tbl_ord_idx3 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '333,400') n, p <-> '333,400' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq3 seq FULL JOIN kd_point_tbl_ord_idx3 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+ n | dist | p | n | dist | p 
+---+------+---+---+------+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- test KNN scan with included columns
+-- the distance numbers are not exactly the same across platforms
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+CREATE INDEX ON quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 USING spgist(p) INCLUDE(dist);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT p, dist FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 ORDER BY p <-> '0,0' LIMIT 10;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Only Scan using quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1_p_dist_idx on quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1
+         Order By: (p <-> '(0,0)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT p, dist FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 ORDER BY p <-> '0,0' LIMIT 10;
+     p     |       dist       
+-----------+------------------
+ (59,21)   | 62.6258732474047
+ (88,104)  | 136.235090927411
+ (39,143)  | 148.222805262888
+ (139,160) | 211.945747775227
+ (209,38)  |  212.42645786248
+ (157,156) | 221.325552072055
+ (175,150) | 230.488611432322
+ (236,34)  | 238.436574375661
+ (263,28)  | 264.486294540946
+ (322,53)  |  326.33265236565
+(10 rows)
+
+RESET extra_float_digits;
+-- check ORDER BY distance to NULL
+SELECT (SELECT p FROM kd_point_tbl ORDER BY p <-> pt, p <-> '0,0' LIMIT 1)
+FROM (VALUES (point '1,2'), (NULL), ('1234,5678')) pts(pt);
+      p      
+-------------
+ (59,21)
+ (59,21)
+ (1239,5647)
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdef';
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t = 'P0123456789abcdef'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdef';
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcde';
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t = 'P0123456789abcde'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcde';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdefF';
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t = 'P0123456789abcdefF'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdefF';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t < 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   272
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<~  'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t ~<~ 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<~  'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   272
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <=   'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t <= 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <=   'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   273
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   273
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t = 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Worth                         St  ';
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t = 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >=   'Worth                         St  ';
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t >= 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >=   'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    50
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  ';
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    50
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >    'Worth                         St  ';
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t > 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >    'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    48
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>~  'Worth                         St  ';
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t ~>~ 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>~  'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    48
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ^@	 'Worth';
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t ^@ 'Worth'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ^@	 'Worth';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE starts_with(t, 'Worth');
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using sp_radix_ind on radix_text_tbl
+         Index Cond: (t ^@ 'Worth'::text)
+         Filter: starts_with(t, 'Worth'::text)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE starts_with(t, 'Worth');
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- Now check the results from bitmap indexscan
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NULL;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p IS NULL)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_quad_ind
+               Index Cond: (p IS NULL)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p IS NOT NULL)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_quad_ind
+               Index Cond: (p IS NOT NULL)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+ 11000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_point_tbl
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_quad_ind
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl;
+ count 
+-------
+ 11003
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_quad_ind
+               Index Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  1057
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: ('(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box @> p)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_quad_ind
+               Index Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+ count 
+-------
+  1057
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p << '(5000,4000)'::point)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_quad_ind
+               Index Cond: (p << '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  6000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p >> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_quad_ind
+               Index Cond: (p >> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  4999
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p <<| '(5000,4000)'::point)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_quad_ind
+               Index Cond: (p <<| '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  5000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p |>> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_quad_ind
+               Index Cond: (p |>> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  5999
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p ~= '(4585,365)'::point)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_quad_ind
+               Index Cond: (p ~= '(4585,365)'::point)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on kd_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_kd_ind
+               Index Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  1057
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on kd_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: ('(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box @> p)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_kd_ind
+               Index Cond: (p <@ '(1000,1000),(200,200)'::box)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+ count 
+-------
+  1057
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on kd_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p << '(5000,4000)'::point)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_kd_ind
+               Index Cond: (p << '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  6000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on kd_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p >> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_kd_ind
+               Index Cond: (p >> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  4999
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on kd_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p <<| '(5000,4000)'::point)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_kd_ind
+               Index Cond: (p <<| '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  5000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on kd_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p |>> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_kd_ind
+               Index Cond: (p |>> '(5000,4000)'::point)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+ count 
+-------
+  5999
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on kd_point_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p ~= '(4585,365)'::point)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_kd_ind
+               Index Cond: (p ~= '(4585,365)'::point)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdef';
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t = 'P0123456789abcdef'::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t = 'P0123456789abcdef'::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdef';
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcde';
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t = 'P0123456789abcde'::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t = 'P0123456789abcde'::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcde';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdefF';
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t = 'P0123456789abcdefF'::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t = 'P0123456789abcdefF'::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdefF';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t < 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t < 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   272
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<~  'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t ~<~ 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t ~<~ 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<~  'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   272
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <=   'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t <= 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t <= 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <=   'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   273
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+   273
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t = 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t = 'Aztec                         Ct  '::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Worth                         St  ';
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t = 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t = 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >=   'Worth                         St  ';
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t >= 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t >= 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >=   'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    50
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  ';
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    50
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >    'Worth                         St  ';
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t > 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t > 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >    'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    48
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>~  'Worth                         St  ';
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t ~>~ 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t ~>~ 'Worth                         St  '::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>~  'Worth                         St  ';
+ count 
+-------
+    48
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ^@	 'Worth';
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (t ^@ 'Worth'::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t ^@ 'Worth'::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ^@	 'Worth';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE starts_with(t, 'Worth');
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on radix_text_tbl
+         Filter: starts_with(t, 'Worth'::text)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on sp_radix_ind
+               Index Cond: (t ^@ 'Worth'::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE starts_with(t, 'Worth');
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_misc.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_misc.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b46ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_misc.out
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_MISC
+--
+--
+-- a is the type root
+-- b and c inherit from a (one-level single inheritance)
+-- d inherits from b and c (two-level multiple inheritance)
+-- e inherits from c (two-level single inheritance)
+-- f inherits from e (three-level single inheritance)
+--
+CREATE TABLE a_star (
+	class		char,
+	a 			int4
+);
+CREATE TABLE b_star (
+	b 			text
+) INHERITS (a_star);
+CREATE TABLE c_star (
+	c 			name
+) INHERITS (a_star);
+CREATE TABLE d_star (
+	d 			float8
+) INHERITS (b_star, c_star);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "class"
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "a"
+CREATE TABLE e_star (
+	e 			int2
+) INHERITS (c_star);
+CREATE TABLE f_star (
+	f 			polygon
+) INHERITS (e_star);
+INSERT INTO a_star (class, a) VALUES ('a', 1);
+INSERT INTO a_star (class, a) VALUES ('a', 2);
+INSERT INTO a_star (class) VALUES ('a');
+INSERT INTO b_star (class, a, b) VALUES ('b', 3, 'mumble'::text);
+INSERT INTO b_star (class, a) VALUES ('b', 4);
+INSERT INTO b_star (class, b) VALUES ('b', 'bumble'::text);
+INSERT INTO b_star (class) VALUES ('b');
+INSERT INTO c_star (class, a, c) VALUES ('c', 5, 'hi mom'::name);
+INSERT INTO c_star (class, a) VALUES ('c', 6);
+INSERT INTO c_star (class, c) VALUES ('c', 'hi paul'::name);
+INSERT INTO c_star (class) VALUES ('c');
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, b, c, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 7, 'grumble'::text, 'hi sunita'::name, '0.0'::float8);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, b, c)
+   VALUES ('d', 8, 'stumble'::text, 'hi koko'::name);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, b, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 9, 'rumble'::text, '1.1'::float8);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, c, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 10, 'hi kristin'::name, '10.01'::float8);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, b, c, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 'crumble'::text, 'hi boris'::name, '100.001'::float8);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, b)
+   VALUES ('d', 11, 'fumble'::text);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, c)
+   VALUES ('d', 12, 'hi avi'::name);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 13, '1000.0001'::float8);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, b, c)
+   VALUES ('d', 'tumble'::text, 'hi andrew'::name);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, b, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 'humble'::text, '10000.00001'::float8);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, c, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 'hi ginger'::name, '100000.000001'::float8);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a) VALUES ('d', 14);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, b) VALUES ('d', 'jumble'::text);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, c) VALUES ('d', 'hi jolly'::name);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, d) VALUES ('d', '1000000.0000001'::float8);
+INSERT INTO d_star (class) VALUES ('d');
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, a, c, e)
+   VALUES ('e', 15, 'hi carol'::name, '-1'::int2);
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, a, c)
+   VALUES ('e', 16, 'hi bob'::name);
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, a, e)
+   VALUES ('e', 17, '-2'::int2);
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, c, e)
+   VALUES ('e', 'hi michelle'::name, '-3'::int2);
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, a)
+   VALUES ('e', 18);
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, c)
+   VALUES ('e', 'hi elisa'::name);
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, e)
+   VALUES ('e', '-4'::int2);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, c, e, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 19, 'hi claire'::name, '-5'::int2, '(1,3),(2,4)'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, c, e)
+   VALUES ('f', 20, 'hi mike'::name, '-6'::int2);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, c, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 21, 'hi marcel'::name, '(11,44),(22,55),(33,66)'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, e, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 22, '-7'::int2, '(111,555),(222,666),(333,777),(444,888)'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, c, e, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 'hi keith'::name, '-8'::int2,
+	   '(1111,3333),(2222,4444)'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, c)
+   VALUES ('f', 24, 'hi marc'::name);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, e)
+   VALUES ('f', 25, '-9'::int2);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 26, '(11111,33333),(22222,44444)'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, c, e)
+   VALUES ('f', 'hi allison'::name, '-10'::int2);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, c, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 'hi jeff'::name,
+           '(111111,333333),(222222,444444)'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, e, f)
+   VALUES ('f', '-11'::int2, '(1111111,3333333),(2222222,4444444)'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a) VALUES ('f', 27);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, c) VALUES ('f', 'hi carl'::name);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, e) VALUES ('f', '-12'::int2);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, f)
+   VALUES ('f', '(11111111,33333333),(22222222,44444444)'::polygon);
+INSERT INTO f_star (class) VALUES ('f');
+-- Analyze the X_star tables for better plan stability in later tests
+ANALYZE a_star;
+ANALYZE b_star;
+ANALYZE c_star;
+ANALYZE d_star;
+ANALYZE e_star;
+ANALYZE f_star;
+--
+-- inheritance stress test
+--
+SELECT * FROM a_star*;
+ class | a  
+-------+----
+ a     |  1
+ a     |  2
+ a     |   
+ b     |  3
+ b     |  4
+ b     |   
+ b     |   
+ c     |  5
+ c     |  6
+ c     |   
+ c     |   
+ d     |  7
+ d     |  8
+ d     |  9
+ d     | 10
+ d     |   
+ d     | 11
+ d     | 12
+ d     | 13
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     | 14
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ e     | 15
+ e     | 16
+ e     | 17
+ e     |   
+ e     | 18
+ e     |   
+ e     |   
+ f     | 19
+ f     | 20
+ f     | 21
+ f     | 22
+ f     |   
+ f     | 24
+ f     | 25
+ f     | 26
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     | 27
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+(50 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+   FROM b_star* x
+   WHERE x.b = text 'bumble' or x.a < 3;
+ class | a |   b    
+-------+---+--------
+ b     |   | bumble
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT class, a
+   FROM c_star* x
+   WHERE x.c ~ text 'hi';
+ class | a  
+-------+----
+ c     |  5
+ c     |   
+ d     |  7
+ d     |  8
+ d     | 10
+ d     |   
+ d     | 12
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ e     | 15
+ e     | 16
+ e     |   
+ e     |   
+ f     | 19
+ f     | 20
+ f     | 21
+ f     |   
+ f     | 24
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+(22 rows)
+
+SELECT class, b, c
+   FROM d_star* x
+   WHERE x.a < 100;
+ class |    b    |     c      
+-------+---------+------------
+ d     | grumble | hi sunita
+ d     | stumble | hi koko
+ d     | rumble  | 
+ d     |         | hi kristin
+ d     | fumble  | 
+ d     |         | hi avi
+ d     |         | 
+ d     |         | 
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT class, c FROM e_star* x WHERE x.c NOTNULL;
+ class |      c      
+-------+-------------
+ e     | hi carol
+ e     | hi bob
+ e     | hi michelle
+ e     | hi elisa
+ f     | hi claire
+ f     | hi mike
+ f     | hi marcel
+ f     | hi keith
+ f     | hi marc
+ f     | hi allison
+ f     | hi jeff
+ f     | hi carl
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM f_star* x WHERE x.c ISNULL;
+ class | a  | c |  e  |                     f                     
+-------+----+---+-----+-------------------------------------------
+ f     | 22 |   |  -7 | ((111,555),(222,666),(333,777),(444,888))
+ f     | 25 |   |  -9 | 
+ f     | 26 |   |     | ((11111,33333),(22222,44444))
+ f     |    |   | -11 | ((1111111,3333333),(2222222,4444444))
+ f     | 27 |   |     | 
+ f     |    |   | -12 | 
+ f     |    |   |     | ((11111111,33333333),(22222222,44444444))
+ f     |    |   |     | 
+(8 rows)
+
+-- grouping and aggregation on inherited sets have been busted in the past...
+SELECT sum(a) FROM a_star*;
+ sum 
+-----
+ 355
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT class, sum(a) FROM a_star* GROUP BY class ORDER BY class;
+ class | sum 
+-------+-----
+ a     |   3
+ b     |   7
+ c     |  11
+ d     |  84
+ e     |  66
+ f     | 184
+(6 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE f_star RENAME COLUMN f TO ff;
+ALTER TABLE e_star* RENAME COLUMN e TO ee;
+ALTER TABLE d_star* RENAME COLUMN d TO dd;
+ALTER TABLE c_star* RENAME COLUMN c TO cc;
+ALTER TABLE b_star* RENAME COLUMN b TO bb;
+ALTER TABLE a_star* RENAME COLUMN a TO aa;
+SELECT class, aa
+   FROM a_star* x
+   WHERE aa ISNULL;
+ class | aa 
+-------+----
+ a     |   
+ b     |   
+ b     |   
+ c     |   
+ c     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ d     |   
+ e     |   
+ e     |   
+ e     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+ f     |   
+(24 rows)
+
+-- As of Postgres 7.1, ALTER implicitly recurses,
+-- so this should be same as ALTER a_star*
+ALTER TABLE a_star RENAME COLUMN aa TO foo;
+SELECT class, foo
+   FROM a_star* x
+   WHERE x.foo >= 2;
+ class | foo 
+-------+-----
+ a     |   2
+ b     |   3
+ b     |   4
+ c     |   5
+ c     |   6
+ d     |   7
+ d     |   8
+ d     |   9
+ d     |  10
+ d     |  11
+ d     |  12
+ d     |  13
+ d     |  14
+ e     |  15
+ e     |  16
+ e     |  17
+ e     |  18
+ f     |  19
+ f     |  20
+ f     |  21
+ f     |  22
+ f     |  24
+ f     |  25
+ f     |  26
+ f     |  27
+(25 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE a_star RENAME COLUMN foo TO aa;
+SELECT *
+   from a_star*
+   WHERE aa < 1000;
+ class | aa 
+-------+----
+ a     |  1
+ a     |  2
+ b     |  3
+ b     |  4
+ c     |  5
+ c     |  6
+ d     |  7
+ d     |  8
+ d     |  9
+ d     | 10
+ d     | 11
+ d     | 12
+ d     | 13
+ d     | 14
+ e     | 15
+ e     | 16
+ e     | 17
+ e     | 18
+ f     | 19
+ f     | 20
+ f     | 21
+ f     | 22
+ f     | 24
+ f     | 25
+ f     | 26
+ f     | 27
+(26 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE f_star ADD COLUMN f int4;
+UPDATE f_star SET f = 10;
+ALTER TABLE e_star* ADD COLUMN e int4;
+--UPDATE e_star* SET e = 42;
+SELECT * FROM e_star*;
+ class | aa |     cc      | ee  | e 
+-------+----+-------------+-----+---
+ e     | 15 | hi carol    |  -1 |  
+ e     | 16 | hi bob      |     |  
+ e     | 17 |             |  -2 |  
+ e     |    | hi michelle |  -3 |  
+ e     | 18 |             |     |  
+ e     |    | hi elisa    |     |  
+ e     |    |             |  -4 |  
+ f     | 19 | hi claire   |  -5 |  
+ f     | 20 | hi mike     |  -6 |  
+ f     | 21 | hi marcel   |     |  
+ f     | 22 |             |  -7 |  
+ f     |    | hi keith    |  -8 |  
+ f     | 24 | hi marc     |     |  
+ f     | 25 |             |  -9 |  
+ f     | 26 |             |     |  
+ f     |    | hi allison  | -10 |  
+ f     |    | hi jeff     |     |  
+ f     |    |             | -11 |  
+ f     | 27 |             |     |  
+ f     |    | hi carl     |     |  
+ f     |    |             | -12 |  
+ f     |    |             |     |  
+ f     |    |             |     |  
+(23 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE a_star* ADD COLUMN a text;
+NOTICE:  merging definition of column "a" for child "d_star"
+-- That ALTER TABLE should have added TOAST tables.
+SELECT relname, reltoastrelid <> 0 AS has_toast_table
+   FROM pg_class
+   WHERE oid::regclass IN ('a_star', 'c_star')
+   ORDER BY 1;
+ relname | has_toast_table 
+---------+-----------------
+ a_star  | t
+ c_star  | t
+(2 rows)
+
+--UPDATE b_star*
+--   SET a = text 'gazpacho'
+--   WHERE aa > 4;
+SELECT class, aa, a FROM a_star*;
+ class | aa | a 
+-------+----+---
+ a     |  1 | 
+ a     |  2 | 
+ a     |    | 
+ b     |  3 | 
+ b     |  4 | 
+ b     |    | 
+ b     |    | 
+ c     |  5 | 
+ c     |  6 | 
+ c     |    | 
+ c     |    | 
+ d     |  7 | 
+ d     |  8 | 
+ d     |  9 | 
+ d     | 10 | 
+ d     |    | 
+ d     | 11 | 
+ d     | 12 | 
+ d     | 13 | 
+ d     |    | 
+ d     |    | 
+ d     |    | 
+ d     | 14 | 
+ d     |    | 
+ d     |    | 
+ d     |    | 
+ d     |    | 
+ e     | 15 | 
+ e     | 16 | 
+ e     | 17 | 
+ e     |    | 
+ e     | 18 | 
+ e     |    | 
+ e     |    | 
+ f     | 19 | 
+ f     | 20 | 
+ f     | 21 | 
+ f     | 22 | 
+ f     |    | 
+ f     | 24 | 
+ f     | 25 | 
+ f     | 26 | 
+ f     |    | 
+ f     |    | 
+ f     |    | 
+ f     | 27 | 
+ f     |    | 
+ f     |    | 
+ f     |    | 
+ f     |    | 
+(50 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_operator.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_operator.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f71b601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_operator.out
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_OPERATOR
+--
+CREATE OPERATOR ## (
+   leftarg = path,
+   rightarg = path,
+   function = path_inter,
+   commutator = ##
+);
+CREATE OPERATOR @#@ (
+   rightarg = int8,		-- prefix
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+CREATE OPERATOR #%# (
+   leftarg = int8,		-- fail, postfix is no longer supported
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+ERROR:  operator right argument type must be specified
+DETAIL:  Postfix operators are not supported.
+-- Test operator created above
+SELECT @#@ 24;
+         ?column?         
+--------------------------
+ 620448401733239439360000
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON OPERATOR ###### (NONE, int4) IS 'bad prefix';
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: ###### integer
+COMMENT ON OPERATOR ###### (int4, NONE) IS 'bad postfix';
+ERROR:  postfix operators are not supported
+COMMENT ON OPERATOR ###### (int4, int8) IS 'bad infix';
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: integer ###### bigint
+-- Check that DROP on a nonexistent op behaves sanely, too
+DROP OPERATOR ###### (NONE, int4);
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: ###### integer
+DROP OPERATOR ###### (int4, NONE);
+ERROR:  postfix operators are not supported
+DROP OPERATOR ###### (int4, int8);
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: integer ###### bigint
+-- => is disallowed as an operator name now
+CREATE OPERATOR => (
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "=>"
+LINE 1: CREATE OPERATOR => (
+                        ^
+-- lexing of <=, >=, <>, != has a number of edge cases
+-- (=> is tested elsewhere)
+-- this is legal because ! is not allowed in sql ops
+CREATE OPERATOR !=- (
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+SELECT !=- 10;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  3628800
+(1 row)
+
+-- postfix operators don't work anymore
+SELECT 10 !=-;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: SELECT 10 !=-;
+                     ^
+-- make sure lexer returns != as <> even in edge cases
+SELECT 2 !=/**/ 1, 2 !=/**/ 2;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+ t        | f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2 !=-- comment to be removed by psql
+  1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+DO $$ -- use DO to protect -- from psql
+  declare r boolean;
+  begin
+    execute $e$ select 2 !=-- comment
+      1 $e$ into r;
+    raise info 'r = %', r;
+  end;
+$$;
+INFO:  r = t
+-- check that <= etc. followed by more operator characters are returned
+-- as the correct token with correct precedence
+SELECT true<>-1 BETWEEN 1 AND 1;  -- BETWEEN has prec. above <> but below Op
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT false<>/**/1 BETWEEN 1 AND 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT false<=-1 BETWEEN 1 AND 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT false>=-1 BETWEEN 1 AND 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2<=/**/3, 3>=/**/2, 2<>/**/3;
+ ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------+----------
+ t        | t        | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 3<=/**/2, 2>=/**/3, 2<>/**/2;
+ ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------+----------
+ f        | f        | f
+(1 row)
+
+-- Should fail. CREATE OPERATOR requires USAGE on SCHEMA
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_op1;
+CREATE SCHEMA schema_op1;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA schema_op1 TO PUBLIC;
+REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMA schema_op1 FROM regress_rol_op1;
+SET ROLE regress_rol_op1;
+CREATE OPERATOR schema_op1.#*# (
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+ERROR:  permission denied for schema schema_op1
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. SETOF type functions not allowed as argument (testing leftarg)
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   leftarg = SETOF int8,
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+ERROR:  SETOF type not allowed for operator argument
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. SETOF type functions not allowed as argument (testing rightarg)
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   rightarg = SETOF int8,
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+ERROR:  SETOF type not allowed for operator argument
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should work. Sample text-book case
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_op2(boolean, boolean)
+RETURNS boolean AS $$
+    SELECT NULL::BOOLEAN;
+$$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE OPERATOR === (
+    LEFTARG = boolean,
+    RIGHTARG = boolean,
+    PROCEDURE = fn_op2,
+    COMMUTATOR = ===,
+    NEGATOR = !==,
+    RESTRICT = contsel,
+    JOIN = contjoinsel,
+    SORT1, SORT2, LTCMP, GTCMP, HASHES, MERGES
+);
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. Invalid attribute
+CREATE OPERATOR #@%# (
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = factorial,
+   invalid_att = int8
+);
+WARNING:  operator attribute "invalid_att" not recognized
+-- Should fail. At least rightarg should be mandatorily specified
+CREATE OPERATOR #@%# (
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+ERROR:  operator argument types must be specified
+-- Should fail. Procedure should be mandatorily specified
+CREATE OPERATOR #@%# (
+   rightarg = int8
+);
+ERROR:  operator function must be specified
+-- Should fail. CREATE OPERATOR requires USAGE on TYPE
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_op3;
+CREATE TYPE type_op3 AS ENUM ('new', 'open', 'closed');
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_op3(type_op3, int8)
+RETURNS int8 AS $$
+    SELECT NULL::int8;
+$$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op3 FROM regress_rol_op3;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op3 FROM PUBLIC;  -- Need to do this so that regress_rol_op3 is not allowed USAGE via PUBLIC
+SET ROLE regress_rol_op3;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   leftarg = type_op3,
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = fn_op3
+);
+ERROR:  permission denied for type type_op3
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. CREATE OPERATOR requires USAGE on TYPE (need to check separately for rightarg)
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_op4;
+CREATE TYPE type_op4 AS ENUM ('new', 'open', 'closed');
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_op4(int8, type_op4)
+RETURNS int8 AS $$
+    SELECT NULL::int8;
+$$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op4 FROM regress_rol_op4;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op4 FROM PUBLIC;  -- Need to do this so that regress_rol_op3 is not allowed USAGE via PUBLIC
+SET ROLE regress_rol_op4;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   leftarg = int8,
+   rightarg = type_op4,
+   procedure = fn_op4
+);
+ERROR:  permission denied for type type_op4
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. CREATE OPERATOR requires EXECUTE on function
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_op5;
+CREATE TYPE type_op5 AS ENUM ('new', 'open', 'closed');
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_op5(int8, int8)
+RETURNS int8 AS $$
+    SELECT NULL::int8;
+$$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+REVOKE EXECUTE ON FUNCTION fn_op5(int8, int8) FROM regress_rol_op5;
+REVOKE EXECUTE ON FUNCTION fn_op5(int8, int8) FROM PUBLIC;-- Need to do this so that regress_rol_op3 is not allowed EXECUTE via PUBLIC
+SET ROLE regress_rol_op5;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   leftarg = int8,
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = fn_op5
+);
+ERROR:  permission denied for function fn_op5
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Should fail. CREATE OPERATOR requires USAGE on return TYPE
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_op6;
+CREATE TYPE type_op6 AS ENUM ('new', 'open', 'closed');
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_op6(int8, int8)
+RETURNS type_op6 AS $$
+    SELECT NULL::type_op6;
+$$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op6 FROM regress_rol_op6;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op6 FROM PUBLIC;  -- Need to do this so that regress_rol_op3 is not allowed USAGE via PUBLIC
+SET ROLE regress_rol_op6;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   leftarg = int8,
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = fn_op6
+);
+ERROR:  permission denied for type type_op6
+ROLLBACK;
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE OPERATOR ===
+(
+	"Leftarg" = box,
+	"Rightarg" = box,
+	"Procedure" = area_equal_function,
+	"Commutator" = ===,
+	"Negator" = !==,
+	"Restrict" = area_restriction_function,
+	"Join" = area_join_function,
+	"Hashes",
+	"Merges"
+);
+WARNING:  operator attribute "Leftarg" not recognized
+WARNING:  operator attribute "Rightarg" not recognized
+WARNING:  operator attribute "Procedure" not recognized
+WARNING:  operator attribute "Commutator" not recognized
+WARNING:  operator attribute "Negator" not recognized
+WARNING:  operator attribute "Restrict" not recognized
+WARNING:  operator attribute "Join" not recognized
+WARNING:  operator attribute "Hashes" not recognized
+WARNING:  operator attribute "Merges" not recognized
+ERROR:  operator function must be specified
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_procedure.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_procedure.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46c827f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_procedure.out
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+CALL nonexistent();  -- error
+ERROR:  procedure nonexistent() does not exist
+LINE 1: CALL nonexistent();
+             ^
+HINT:  No procedure matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+CALL random();  -- error
+ERROR:  random() is not a procedure
+LINE 1: CALL random();
+             ^
+HINT:  To call a function, use SELECT.
+CREATE FUNCTION cp_testfunc1(a int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT a $$;
+CREATE TABLE cp_test (a int, b text);
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest1(x text)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES (1, x);
+$$;
+\df ptest1
+                        List of functions
+ Schema |  Name  | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+--------+--------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ public | ptest1 |                  | IN x text           | proc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('ptest1'::regproc);
+                  pg_get_functiondef                  
+------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE public.ptest1(IN x text)+
+  LANGUAGE sql                                       +
+ AS $procedure$                                      +
+ INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES (1, x);                  +
+ $procedure$                                         +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- show only normal functions
+\dfn public.*test*1
+                           List of functions
+ Schema |     Name     | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+--------+--------------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ public | cp_testfunc1 | integer          | a integer           | func
+(1 row)
+
+-- show only procedures
+\dfp public.*test*1
+                        List of functions
+ Schema |  Name  | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+--------+--------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ public | ptest1 |                  | IN x text           | proc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ptest1('x');  -- error
+ERROR:  ptest1(unknown) is a procedure
+LINE 1: SELECT ptest1('x');
+               ^
+HINT:  To call a procedure, use CALL.
+CALL ptest1('a');  -- ok
+CALL ptest1('xy' || 'zzy');  -- ok, constant-folded arg
+CALL ptest1(substring(random()::numeric(20,15)::text, 1, 1));  -- ok, volatile arg
+SELECT * FROM cp_test ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+ a |   b   
+---+-------
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | a
+ 1 | xyzzy
+(3 rows)
+
+-- SQL-standard body
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest1s(x text)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+  INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES (1, x);
+END;
+\df ptest1s
+                        List of functions
+ Schema |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+--------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ public | ptest1s |                  | IN x text           | proc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('ptest1s'::regproc);
+                  pg_get_functiondef                   
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE public.ptest1s(IN x text)+
+  LANGUAGE sql                                        +
+ BEGIN ATOMIC                                         +
+  INSERT INTO cp_test (a, b)                          +
+    VALUES (1, ptest1s.x);                            +
+ END                                                  +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+CALL ptest1s('b');
+SELECT * FROM cp_test ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+ a |   b   
+---+-------
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | a
+ 1 | b
+ 1 | xyzzy
+(4 rows)
+
+-- utitlity functions currently not supported here
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx()
+LANGUAGE SQL
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+  CREATE TABLE x (a int);
+END;
+ERROR:  CREATE TABLE is not yet supported in unquoted SQL function body
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest2()
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+SELECT 5;
+$$;
+CALL ptest2();
+-- nested CALL
+TRUNCATE cp_test;
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest3(y text)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+CALL ptest1(y);
+CALL ptest1($1);
+$$;
+CALL ptest3('b');
+SELECT * FROM cp_test;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | b
+ 1 | b
+(2 rows)
+
+-- output arguments
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest4a(INOUT a int, INOUT b int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+SELECT 1, 2;
+$$;
+CALL ptest4a(NULL, NULL);
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest4b(INOUT b int, INOUT a int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+CALL ptest4a(a, b);  -- error, not supported
+$$;
+ERROR:  calling procedures with output arguments is not supported in SQL functions
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "ptest4b"
+DROP PROCEDURE ptest4a;
+-- named and default parameters
+CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE ptest5(a int, b text, c int default 100)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES(a, b);
+INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES(c, b);
+$$;
+TRUNCATE cp_test;
+CALL ptest5(10, 'Hello', 20);
+CALL ptest5(10, 'Hello');
+CALL ptest5(10, b => 'Hello');
+CALL ptest5(b => 'Hello', a => 10);
+SELECT * FROM cp_test;
+  a  |   b   
+-----+-------
+  10 | Hello
+  20 | Hello
+  10 | Hello
+ 100 | Hello
+  10 | Hello
+ 100 | Hello
+  10 | Hello
+ 100 | Hello
+(8 rows)
+
+-- polymorphic types
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest6(a int, b anyelement)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+SELECT NULL::int;
+$$;
+CALL ptest6(1, 2);
+-- collation assignment
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest7(a text, b text)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+SELECT a = b;
+$$;
+CALL ptest7(least('a', 'b'), 'a');
+-- empty body
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest8(x text)
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+END;
+\df ptest8
+                        List of functions
+ Schema |  Name  | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+--------+--------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ public | ptest8 |                  | IN x text           | proc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('ptest8'::regproc);
+                  pg_get_functiondef                  
+------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE public.ptest8(IN x text)+
+  LANGUAGE sql                                       +
+ BEGIN ATOMIC                                        +
+ END                                                 +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+CALL ptest8('');
+-- OUT parameters
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest9(OUT a int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES (1, 'a');
+SELECT 1;
+$$;
+-- standard way to do a call:
+CALL ptest9(NULL);
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- you can write an expression, but it's not evaluated
+CALL ptest9(1/0);  -- no error
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- ... and it had better match the type of the parameter
+CALL ptest9(1./0.);  -- error
+ERROR:  procedure ptest9(numeric) does not exist
+LINE 1: CALL ptest9(1./0.);
+             ^
+HINT:  No procedure matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+-- check named-parameter matching
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest10(OUT a int, IN b int, IN c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT b - c $$;
+CALL ptest10(null, 7, 4);
+ a 
+---
+ 3
+(1 row)
+
+CALL ptest10(a => null, b => 8, c => 2);
+ a 
+---
+ 6
+(1 row)
+
+CALL ptest10(null, 7, c => 2);
+ a 
+---
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+CALL ptest10(null, c => 4, b => 11);
+ a 
+---
+ 7
+(1 row)
+
+CALL ptest10(b => 8, c => 2, a => 0);
+ a 
+---
+ 6
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest11(a OUT int, VARIADIC b int[]) LANGUAGE SQL
+  AS $$ SELECT b[1] + b[2] $$;
+CALL ptest11(null, 11, 12, 13);
+ a  
+----
+ 23
+(1 row)
+
+-- check resolution of ambiguous DROP commands
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest10(IN a int, IN b int, IN c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT a + b - c $$;
+\df ptest10
+                                   List of functions
+ Schema |  Name   | Result data type |            Argument data types            | Type 
+--------+---------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+------
+ public | ptest10 |                  | IN a integer, IN b integer, IN c integer  | proc
+ public | ptest10 |                  | OUT a integer, IN b integer, IN c integer | proc
+(2 rows)
+
+drop procedure ptest10;  -- fail
+ERROR:  procedure name "ptest10" is not unique
+HINT:  Specify the argument list to select the procedure unambiguously.
+drop procedure ptest10(int, int, int);  -- fail
+ERROR:  procedure name "ptest10" is not unique
+begin;
+drop procedure ptest10(out int, int, int);
+\df ptest10
+                                   List of functions
+ Schema |  Name   | Result data type |           Argument data types            | Type 
+--------+---------+------------------+------------------------------------------+------
+ public | ptest10 |                  | IN a integer, IN b integer, IN c integer | proc
+(1 row)
+
+drop procedure ptest10(int, int, int);  -- now this would work
+rollback;
+begin;
+drop procedure ptest10(in int, int, int);
+\df ptest10
+                                   List of functions
+ Schema |  Name   | Result data type |            Argument data types            | Type 
+--------+---------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+------
+ public | ptest10 |                  | OUT a integer, IN b integer, IN c integer | proc
+(1 row)
+
+drop procedure ptest10(int, int, int);  -- now this would work
+rollback;
+-- various error cases
+CALL version();  -- error: not a procedure
+ERROR:  version() is not a procedure
+LINE 1: CALL version();
+             ^
+HINT:  To call a function, use SELECT.
+CALL sum(1);  -- error: not a procedure
+ERROR:  sum(integer) is not a procedure
+LINE 1: CALL sum(1);
+             ^
+HINT:  To call a function, use SELECT.
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx() LANGUAGE SQL WINDOW AS $$ INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES (1, 'a') $$;
+ERROR:  invalid attribute in procedure definition
+LINE 1: CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx() LANGUAGE SQL WINDOW AS $$ INSERT I...
+                                               ^
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx() LANGUAGE SQL STRICT AS $$ INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES (1, 'a') $$;
+ERROR:  invalid attribute in procedure definition
+LINE 1: CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx() LANGUAGE SQL STRICT AS $$ INSERT I...
+                                               ^
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx(a VARIADIC int[], b OUT int) LANGUAGE SQL
+  AS $$ SELECT a[1] $$;
+ERROR:  VARIADIC parameter must be the last parameter
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx(a int DEFAULT 42, b OUT int) LANGUAGE SQL
+  AS $$ SELECT a $$;
+ERROR:  procedure OUT parameters cannot appear after one with a default value
+ALTER PROCEDURE ptest1(text) STRICT;
+ERROR:  invalid attribute in procedure definition
+LINE 1: ALTER PROCEDURE ptest1(text) STRICT;
+                                     ^
+ALTER FUNCTION ptest1(text) VOLATILE;  -- error: not a function
+ERROR:  ptest1(text) is not a function
+ALTER PROCEDURE cp_testfunc1(int) VOLATILE;  -- error: not a procedure
+ERROR:  cp_testfunc1(integer) is not a procedure
+ALTER PROCEDURE nonexistent() VOLATILE;
+ERROR:  procedure nonexistent() does not exist
+DROP FUNCTION ptest1(text);  -- error: not a function
+ERROR:  ptest1(text) is not a function
+DROP PROCEDURE cp_testfunc1(int);  -- error: not a procedure
+ERROR:  cp_testfunc1(integer) is not a procedure
+DROP PROCEDURE nonexistent();
+ERROR:  procedure nonexistent() does not exist
+-- privileges
+CREATE USER regress_cp_user1;
+GRANT INSERT ON cp_test TO regress_cp_user1;
+REVOKE EXECUTE ON PROCEDURE ptest1(text) FROM PUBLIC;
+SET ROLE regress_cp_user1;
+CALL ptest1('a');  -- error
+ERROR:  permission denied for procedure ptest1
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT EXECUTE ON PROCEDURE ptest1(text) TO regress_cp_user1;
+SET ROLE regress_cp_user1;
+CALL ptest1('a');  -- ok
+RESET ROLE;
+-- ROUTINE syntax
+ALTER ROUTINE cp_testfunc1(int) RENAME TO cp_testfunc1a;
+ALTER ROUTINE cp_testfunc1a RENAME TO cp_testfunc1;
+ALTER ROUTINE ptest1(text) RENAME TO ptest1a;
+ALTER ROUTINE ptest1a RENAME TO ptest1;
+DROP ROUTINE cp_testfunc1(int);
+-- cleanup
+DROP PROCEDURE ptest1;
+DROP PROCEDURE ptest1s;
+DROP PROCEDURE ptest2;
+DROP TABLE cp_test;
+DROP USER regress_cp_user1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_role.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_role.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e67d72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_role.out
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+-- ok, superuser can create users with any set of privileges
+CREATE ROLE regress_role_super SUPERUSER;
+CREATE ROLE regress_role_admin CREATEDB CREATEROLE REPLICATION BYPASSRLS;
+-- fail, only superusers can create users with these privileges
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_role_admin;
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_superuser SUPERUSER;
+ERROR:  must be superuser to create superusers
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_replication_bypassrls REPLICATION BYPASSRLS;
+ERROR:  must be superuser to create replication users
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_replication REPLICATION;
+ERROR:  must be superuser to create replication users
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_bypassrls BYPASSRLS;
+ERROR:  must be superuser to create bypassrls users
+-- ok, having CREATEROLE is enough to create users with these privileges
+CREATE ROLE regress_createdb CREATEDB;
+CREATE ROLE regress_createrole CREATEROLE;
+CREATE ROLE regress_login LOGIN;
+CREATE ROLE regress_inherit INHERIT;
+CREATE ROLE regress_connection_limit CONNECTION LIMIT 5;
+CREATE ROLE regress_encrypted_password ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'foo';
+CREATE ROLE regress_password_null PASSWORD NULL;
+-- ok, backwards compatible noise words should be ignored
+CREATE ROLE regress_noiseword SYSID 12345;
+NOTICE:  SYSID can no longer be specified
+-- fail, cannot grant membership in superuser role
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_super IN ROLE regress_role_super;
+ERROR:  must be superuser to alter superusers
+-- fail, database owner cannot have members
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_dbowner IN ROLE pg_database_owner;
+ERROR:  role "pg_database_owner" cannot have explicit members
+-- ok, can grant other users into a role
+CREATE ROLE regress_inroles ROLE
+	regress_role_super, regress_createdb, regress_createrole, regress_login,
+	regress_inherit, regress_connection_limit, regress_encrypted_password, regress_password_null;
+-- fail, cannot grant a role into itself
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_recursive ROLE regress_nosuch_recursive;
+ERROR:  role "regress_nosuch_recursive" is a member of role "regress_nosuch_recursive"
+-- ok, can grant other users into a role with admin option
+CREATE ROLE regress_adminroles ADMIN
+	regress_role_super, regress_createdb, regress_createrole, regress_login,
+	regress_inherit, regress_connection_limit, regress_encrypted_password, regress_password_null;
+-- fail, cannot grant a role into itself with admin option
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_admin_recursive ADMIN regress_nosuch_admin_recursive;
+ERROR:  role "regress_nosuch_admin_recursive" is a member of role "regress_nosuch_admin_recursive"
+-- fail, regress_createrole does not have CREATEDB privilege
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_createrole;
+CREATE DATABASE regress_nosuch_db;
+ERROR:  permission denied to create database
+-- ok, regress_createrole can create new roles
+CREATE ROLE regress_plainrole;
+-- ok, roles with CREATEROLE can create new roles with it
+CREATE ROLE regress_rolecreator CREATEROLE;
+-- ok, roles with CREATEROLE can create new roles with privilege they lack
+CREATE ROLE regress_tenant CREATEDB CREATEROLE LOGIN INHERIT CONNECTION LIMIT 5;
+-- ok, regress_tenant can create objects within the database
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_tenant;
+CREATE TABLE tenant_table (i integer);
+CREATE INDEX tenant_idx ON tenant_table(i);
+CREATE VIEW tenant_view AS SELECT * FROM pg_catalog.pg_class;
+REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON tenant_table FROM PUBLIC;
+-- fail, these objects belonging to regress_tenant
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_createrole;
+DROP INDEX tenant_idx;
+ERROR:  must be owner of index tenant_idx
+ALTER TABLE tenant_table ADD COLUMN t text;
+ERROR:  must be owner of table tenant_table
+DROP TABLE tenant_table;
+ERROR:  must be owner of table tenant_table
+ALTER VIEW tenant_view OWNER TO regress_role_admin;
+ERROR:  must be owner of view tenant_view
+DROP VIEW tenant_view;
+ERROR:  must be owner of view tenant_view
+-- fail, cannot take ownership of these objects from regress_tenant
+REASSIGN OWNED BY regress_tenant TO regress_createrole;
+ERROR:  permission denied to reassign objects
+-- ok, having CREATEROLE is enough to create roles in privileged roles
+CREATE ROLE regress_read_all_data IN ROLE pg_read_all_data;
+CREATE ROLE regress_write_all_data IN ROLE pg_write_all_data;
+CREATE ROLE regress_monitor IN ROLE pg_monitor;
+CREATE ROLE regress_read_all_settings IN ROLE pg_read_all_settings;
+CREATE ROLE regress_read_all_stats IN ROLE pg_read_all_stats;
+CREATE ROLE regress_stat_scan_tables IN ROLE pg_stat_scan_tables;
+CREATE ROLE regress_read_server_files IN ROLE pg_read_server_files;
+CREATE ROLE regress_write_server_files IN ROLE pg_write_server_files;
+CREATE ROLE regress_execute_server_program IN ROLE pg_execute_server_program;
+CREATE ROLE regress_signal_backend IN ROLE pg_signal_backend;
+-- fail, creation of these roles failed above so they do not now exist
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_role_admin;
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_superuser;
+ERROR:  role "regress_nosuch_superuser" does not exist
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_replication_bypassrls;
+ERROR:  role "regress_nosuch_replication_bypassrls" does not exist
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_replication;
+ERROR:  role "regress_nosuch_replication" does not exist
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_bypassrls;
+ERROR:  role "regress_nosuch_bypassrls" does not exist
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_super;
+ERROR:  role "regress_nosuch_super" does not exist
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_dbowner;
+ERROR:  role "regress_nosuch_dbowner" does not exist
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_recursive;
+ERROR:  role "regress_nosuch_recursive" does not exist
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_admin_recursive;
+ERROR:  role "regress_nosuch_admin_recursive" does not exist
+DROP ROLE regress_plainrole;
+-- ok, should be able to drop non-superuser roles we created
+DROP ROLE regress_createdb;
+DROP ROLE regress_createrole;
+DROP ROLE regress_login;
+DROP ROLE regress_inherit;
+DROP ROLE regress_connection_limit;
+DROP ROLE regress_encrypted_password;
+DROP ROLE regress_password_null;
+DROP ROLE regress_noiseword;
+DROP ROLE regress_inroles;
+DROP ROLE regress_adminroles;
+DROP ROLE regress_rolecreator;
+DROP ROLE regress_read_all_data;
+DROP ROLE regress_write_all_data;
+DROP ROLE regress_monitor;
+DROP ROLE regress_read_all_settings;
+DROP ROLE regress_read_all_stats;
+DROP ROLE regress_stat_scan_tables;
+DROP ROLE regress_read_server_files;
+DROP ROLE regress_write_server_files;
+DROP ROLE regress_execute_server_program;
+DROP ROLE regress_signal_backend;
+-- fail, role still owns database objects
+DROP ROLE regress_tenant;
+ERROR:  role "regress_tenant" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  owner of table tenant_table
+owner of view tenant_view
+-- fail, cannot drop ourself nor superusers
+DROP ROLE regress_role_super;
+ERROR:  must be superuser to drop superusers
+DROP ROLE regress_role_admin;
+ERROR:  current user cannot be dropped
+-- ok
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP INDEX tenant_idx;
+DROP TABLE tenant_table;
+DROP VIEW tenant_view;
+DROP ROLE regress_tenant;
+DROP ROLE regress_role_admin;
+DROP ROLE regress_role_super;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_schema.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_schema.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93302a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_schema.out
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_SCHEMA
+--
+-- Schema creation with elements.
+CREATE ROLE regress_create_schema_role SUPERUSER;
+-- Cases where schema creation fails as objects are qualified with a schema
+-- that does not match with what's expected.
+-- This checks all the object types that include schema qualifications.
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE SEQUENCE schema_not_existing.seq;
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_create_schema_role)
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE TABLE schema_not_existing.tab (id int);
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_create_schema_role)
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE VIEW schema_not_existing.view AS SELECT 1;
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_create_schema_role)
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE INDEX ON schema_not_existing.tab (id);
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_create_schema_role)
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE TRIGGER schema_trig BEFORE INSERT ON schema_not_existing.tab
+  EXECUTE FUNCTION schema_trig.no_func();
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_create_schema_role)
+-- Again, with a role specification and no schema names.
+SET ROLE regress_create_schema_role;
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE SEQUENCE schema_not_existing.seq;
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_create_schema_role)
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TABLE schema_not_existing.tab (id int);
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_create_schema_role)
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE VIEW schema_not_existing.view AS SELECT 1;
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_create_schema_role)
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE INDEX ON schema_not_existing.tab (id);
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_create_schema_role)
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TRIGGER schema_trig BEFORE INSERT ON schema_not_existing.tab
+  EXECUTE FUNCTION schema_trig.no_func();
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_create_schema_role)
+-- Again, with a schema name and a role specification.
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE SEQUENCE schema_not_existing.seq;
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_schema_1)
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TABLE schema_not_existing.tab (id int);
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_schema_1)
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE VIEW schema_not_existing.view AS SELECT 1;
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_schema_1)
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE INDEX ON schema_not_existing.tab (id);
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_schema_1)
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TRIGGER schema_trig BEFORE INSERT ON schema_not_existing.tab
+  EXECUTE FUNCTION schema_trig.no_func();
+ERROR:  CREATE specifies a schema (schema_not_existing) different from the one being created (regress_schema_1)
+RESET ROLE;
+-- Cases where the schema creation succeeds.
+-- The schema created matches the role name.
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE TABLE regress_create_schema_role.tab (id int);
+\d regress_create_schema_role.tab
+      Table "regress_create_schema_role.tab"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           |          | 
+
+DROP SCHEMA regress_create_schema_role CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table regress_create_schema_role.tab
+-- Again, with a different role specification and no schema names.
+SET ROLE regress_create_schema_role;
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TABLE regress_create_schema_role.tab (id int);
+\d regress_create_schema_role.tab
+      Table "regress_create_schema_role.tab"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           |          | 
+
+DROP SCHEMA regress_create_schema_role CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table tab
+-- Again, with a schema name and a role specification.
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TABLE regress_schema_1.tab (id int);
+\d regress_schema_1.tab
+           Table "regress_schema_1.tab"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           |          | 
+
+DROP SCHEMA regress_schema_1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table regress_schema_1.tab
+RESET ROLE;
+-- Clean up
+DROP ROLE regress_create_schema_role;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4407a01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1116 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_TABLE
+--
+-- Error cases
+CREATE TABLE unknowntab (
+	u unknown    -- fail
+);
+ERROR:  column "u" has pseudo-type unknown
+CREATE TYPE unknown_comptype AS (
+	u unknown    -- fail
+);
+ERROR:  column "u" has pseudo-type unknown
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted reloptions identifiers
+CREATE TABLE tas_case WITH ("Fillfactor" = 10) AS SELECT 1 a;
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "Fillfactor"
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged1 (a int primary key);			-- OK
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE unlogged2 (a int primary key);			-- OK
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged\d' ORDER BY relname;
+    relname     | relkind | relpersistence 
+----------------+---------+----------------
+ unlogged1      | r       | u
+ unlogged1_pkey | i       | u
+ unlogged2      | r       | t
+ unlogged2_pkey | i       | t
+(4 rows)
+
+REINDEX INDEX unlogged1_pkey;
+REINDEX INDEX unlogged2_pkey;
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged\d' ORDER BY relname;
+    relname     | relkind | relpersistence 
+----------------+---------+----------------
+ unlogged1      | r       | u
+ unlogged1_pkey | i       | u
+ unlogged2      | r       | t
+ unlogged2_pkey | i       | t
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE unlogged2;
+INSERT INTO unlogged1 VALUES (42);
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE public.unlogged2 (a int primary key);		-- also OK
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE pg_temp.unlogged3 (a int primary key);	-- not OK
+ERROR:  only temporary relations may be created in temporary schemas
+LINE 1: CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE pg_temp.unlogged3 (a int primary key);
+                              ^
+CREATE TABLE pg_temp.implicitly_temp (a int primary key);		-- OK
+CREATE TEMP TABLE explicitly_temp (a int primary key);			-- also OK
+CREATE TEMP TABLE pg_temp.doubly_temp (a int primary key);		-- also OK
+CREATE TEMP TABLE public.temp_to_perm (a int primary key);		-- not OK
+ERROR:  cannot create temporary relation in non-temporary schema
+LINE 1: CREATE TEMP TABLE public.temp_to_perm (a int primary key);
+                          ^
+DROP TABLE unlogged1, public.unlogged2;
+CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS SELECT * FROM pg_class WHERE relkind = 'r';
+CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS SELECT * FROM pg_class WHERE relkind = 'r';
+ERROR:  relation "as_select1" already exists
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS as_select1 AS SELECT * FROM pg_class WHERE relkind = 'r';
+NOTICE:  relation "as_select1" already exists, skipping
+DROP TABLE as_select1;
+PREPARE select1 AS SELECT 1 as a;
+CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS EXECUTE select1;
+CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS EXECUTE select1;
+ERROR:  relation "as_select1" already exists
+SELECT * FROM as_select1;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS as_select1 AS EXECUTE select1;
+NOTICE:  relation "as_select1" already exists, skipping
+DROP TABLE as_select1;
+DEALLOCATE select1;
+-- create an extra wide table to test for issues related to that
+-- (temporarily hide query, to avoid the long CREATE TABLE stmt)
+\set ECHO none
+INSERT INTO extra_wide_table(firstc, lastc) VALUES('first col', 'last col');
+SELECT firstc, lastc FROM extra_wide_table;
+  firstc   |  lastc   
+-----------+----------
+ first col | last col
+(1 row)
+
+-- check that tables with oids cannot be created anymore
+CREATE TABLE withoid() WITH OIDS;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "OIDS"
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE withoid() WITH OIDS;
+                                    ^
+CREATE TABLE withoid() WITH (oids);
+ERROR:  tables declared WITH OIDS are not supported
+CREATE TABLE withoid() WITH (oids = true);
+ERROR:  tables declared WITH OIDS are not supported
+-- but explicitly not adding oids is still supported
+CREATE TEMP TABLE withoutoid() WITHOUT OIDS; DROP TABLE withoutoid;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE withoutoid() WITH (oids = false); DROP TABLE withoutoid;
+-- check restriction with default expressions
+-- invalid use of column reference in default expressions
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_column (id int DEFAULT (id));
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in DEFAULT expression
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE default_expr_column (id int DEFAULT (id));
+                                                          ^
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_column (id int DEFAULT (bar.id));
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in DEFAULT expression
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE default_expr_column (id int DEFAULT (bar.id));
+                                                          ^
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg_column (id int DEFAULT (avg(id)));
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in DEFAULT expression
+LINE 1: ...TE TABLE default_expr_agg_column (id int DEFAULT (avg(id)));
+                                                                 ^
+-- invalid column definition
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_non_column (a int DEFAULT (avg(non_existent)));
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in DEFAULT expression
+LINE 1: ...TABLE default_expr_non_column (a int DEFAULT (avg(non_existe...
+                                                             ^
+-- invalid use of aggregate
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (avg(1)));
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in DEFAULT expressions
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (avg(1)));
+                                                      ^
+-- invalid use of subquery
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (select 1));
+ERROR:  cannot use subquery in DEFAULT expression
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (select 1));
+                                                     ^
+-- invalid use of set-returning function
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (generate_series(1,3)));
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in DEFAULT expressions
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (generate_serie...
+                                                      ^
+-- Verify that subtransaction rollback restores rd_createSubid.
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE remember_create_subid (c int);
+SAVEPOINT q; DROP TABLE remember_create_subid; ROLLBACK TO q;
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE remember_create_subid;
+-- Verify that subtransaction rollback restores rd_firstRelfilenodeSubid.
+CREATE TABLE remember_node_subid (c int);
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE remember_node_subid ALTER c TYPE bigint;
+SAVEPOINT q; DROP TABLE remember_node_subid; ROLLBACK TO q;
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE remember_node_subid;
+--
+-- Partitioned tables
+--
+-- cannot combine INHERITS and PARTITION BY (although grammar allows)
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) INHERITS (some_table) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ERROR:  cannot create partitioned table as inheritance child
+-- cannot use more than 1 column as partition key for list partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a1 int,
+	a2 int
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a1, a2);	-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot use "list" partition strategy with more than one column
+-- unsupported constraint type for partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	EXCLUDE USING gist (a WITH &&)
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+ERROR:  exclusion constraints are not supported on partitioned tables
+LINE 3:  EXCLUDE USING gist (a WITH &&)
+         ^
+-- prevent using prohibited expressions in the key
+CREATE FUNCTION retset (a int) RETURNS SETOF int AS $$ SELECT 1; $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (retset(a));
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in partition key expressions
+DROP FUNCTION retset(int);
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE ((avg(a)));
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in partition key expressions
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE ((avg(a) OVER (PARTITION BY b)));
+ERROR:  window functions are not allowed in partition key expressions
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY LIST ((a LIKE (SELECT 1)));
+ERROR:  cannot use subquery in partition key expression
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE ((42));
+ERROR:  cannot use constant expression as partition key
+CREATE FUNCTION const_func () RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT 1; $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (const_func());
+ERROR:  cannot use constant expression as partition key
+DROP FUNCTION const_func();
+-- only accept valid partitioning strategy
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+    a int
+) PARTITION BY MAGIC (a);
+ERROR:  unrecognized partitioning strategy "magic"
+-- specified column must be present in the table
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+ERROR:  column "b" named in partition key does not exist
+LINE 3: ) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+                              ^
+-- cannot use system columns in partition key
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (xmin);
+ERROR:  cannot use system column "xmin" in partition key
+LINE 3: ) PARTITION BY RANGE (xmin);
+                              ^
+-- cannot use pseudotypes
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (((a, b)));
+ERROR:  partition key column 1 has pseudo-type record
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, ('unknown'));
+ERROR:  partition key column 2 has pseudo-type unknown
+-- functions in key must be immutable
+CREATE FUNCTION immut_func (a int) RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT a + random()::int; $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (immut_func(a));
+ERROR:  functions in partition key expression must be marked IMMUTABLE
+DROP FUNCTION immut_func(int);
+-- prevent using columns of unsupported types in key (type must have a btree operator class)
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a point
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ERROR:  data type point has no default operator class for access method "btree"
+HINT:  You must specify a btree operator class or define a default btree operator class for the data type.
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a point
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a point_ops);
+ERROR:  operator class "point_ops" does not exist for access method "btree"
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a point
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+ERROR:  data type point has no default operator class for access method "btree"
+HINT:  You must specify a btree operator class or define a default btree operator class for the data type.
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a point
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a point_ops);
+ERROR:  operator class "point_ops" does not exist for access method "btree"
+-- cannot add NO INHERIT constraints to partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a > 0) NO INHERIT
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+ERROR:  cannot add NO INHERIT constraint to partitioned table "partitioned"
+-- some checks after successful creation of a partitioned table
+CREATE FUNCTION plusone(a int) RETURNS INT AS $$ SELECT a+1; $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int,
+	c text,
+	d text
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a oid_ops, plusone(b), c collate "default", d collate "C");
+-- check relkind
+SELECT relkind FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'partitioned';
+ relkind 
+---------
+ p
+(1 row)
+
+-- prevent a function referenced in partition key from being dropped
+DROP FUNCTION plusone(int);
+ERROR:  cannot drop function plusone(integer) because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  table partitioned depends on function plusone(integer)
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- partitioned table cannot participate in regular inheritance
+CREATE TABLE partitioned2 (
+	a int,
+	b text
+) PARTITION BY RANGE ((a+1), substr(b, 1, 5));
+CREATE TABLE fail () INHERITS (partitioned2);
+ERROR:  cannot inherit from partitioned table "partitioned2"
+-- Partition key in describe output
+\d partitioned
+      Partitioned table "public.partitioned"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+ d      | text    |           |          | 
+Partition key: RANGE (a oid_ops, plusone(b), c, d COLLATE "C")
+Number of partitions: 0
+
+\d+ partitioned2
+                          Partitioned table "public.partitioned2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ b      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Partition key: RANGE (((a + 1)), substr(b, 1, 5))
+Number of partitions: 0
+
+INSERT INTO partitioned2 VALUES (1, 'hello');
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "partitioned2" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains ((a + 1), substr(b, 1, 5)) = (2, hello).
+CREATE TABLE part2_1 PARTITION OF partitioned2 FOR VALUES FROM (-1, 'aaaaa') TO (100, 'ccccc');
+\d+ part2_1
+                                  Table "public.part2_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ b      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Partition of: partitioned2 FOR VALUES FROM ('-1', 'aaaaa') TO (100, 'ccccc')
+Partition constraint: (((a + 1) IS NOT NULL) AND (substr(b, 1, 5) IS NOT NULL) AND (((a + 1) > '-1'::integer) OR (((a + 1) = '-1'::integer) AND (substr(b, 1, 5) >= 'aaaaa'::text))) AND (((a + 1) < 100) OR (((a + 1) = 100) AND (substr(b, 1, 5) < 'ccccc'::text))))
+
+DROP TABLE partitioned, partitioned2;
+-- check reference to partitioned table's rowtype in partition descriptor
+create table partitioned (a int, b int)
+  partition by list ((row(a, b)::partitioned));
+create table partitioned1
+  partition of partitioned for values in ('(1,2)'::partitioned);
+create table partitioned2
+  partition of partitioned for values in ('(2,4)'::partitioned);
+explain (costs off)
+select * from partitioned where row(a,b)::partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on partitioned1 partitioned
+   Filter: (ROW(a, b)::partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned)
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table partitioned;
+-- whole-row Var in partition key works too
+create table partitioned (a int, b int)
+  partition by list ((partitioned));
+create table partitioned1
+  partition of partitioned for values in ('(1,2)');
+create table partitioned2
+  partition of partitioned for values in ('(2,4)');
+explain (costs off)
+select * from partitioned where partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on partitioned1 partitioned
+   Filter: ((partitioned.*)::partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned)
+(2 rows)
+
+\d+ partitioned1
+                               Table "public.partitioned1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition of: partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('(1,2)')
+Partition constraint: (((partitioned1.*)::partitioned IS DISTINCT FROM NULL) AND ((partitioned1.*)::partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned))
+
+drop table partitioned;
+-- check that dependencies of partition columns are handled correctly
+create domain intdom1 as int;
+create table partitioned (
+	a intdom1,
+	b text
+) partition by range (a);
+alter table partitioned drop column a;  -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop column "a" because it is part of the partition key of relation "partitioned"
+drop domain intdom1;  -- fail, requires cascade
+ERROR:  cannot drop type intdom1 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  table partitioned depends on type intdom1
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+drop domain intdom1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table partitioned
+table partitioned;  -- gone
+ERROR:  relation "partitioned" does not exist
+LINE 1: table partitioned;
+              ^
+-- likewise for columns used in partition expressions
+create domain intdom1 as int;
+create table partitioned (
+	a intdom1,
+	b text
+) partition by range (plusone(a));
+alter table partitioned drop column a;  -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop column "a" because it is part of the partition key of relation "partitioned"
+drop domain intdom1;  -- fail, requires cascade
+ERROR:  cannot drop type intdom1 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  table partitioned depends on type intdom1
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+drop domain intdom1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table partitioned
+table partitioned;  -- gone
+ERROR:  relation "partitioned" does not exist
+LINE 1: table partitioned;
+              ^
+--
+-- Partitions
+--
+-- check partition bound syntax
+CREATE TABLE list_parted (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE part_p1 PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ('1');
+CREATE TABLE part_p2 PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE TABLE part_p3 PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((2+1));
+CREATE TABLE part_null PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (null);
+\d+ list_parted
+                          Partitioned table "public.list_parted"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (a)
+Partitions: part_null FOR VALUES IN (NULL),
+            part_p1 FOR VALUES IN (1),
+            part_p2 FOR VALUES IN (2),
+            part_p3 FOR VALUES IN (3)
+
+-- forbidden expressions for partition bound with list partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (somename);
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in partition bound expression
+LINE 1: ...expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (somename);
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (somename.somename);
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in partition bound expression
+LINE 1: ...expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (somename.s...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (a);
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in partition bound expression
+LINE 1: ..._bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (a);
+                                                                    ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(a));
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in partition bound expression
+LINE 1: ...s_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(a));
+                                                                   ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(somename));
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in partition bound expression
+LINE 1: ..._fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(somename))...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(1));
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in partition bound
+LINE 1: ...s_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(1));
+                                                               ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((select 1));
+ERROR:  cannot use subquery in partition bound
+LINE 1: ...expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((select 1)...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (generate_series(4, 6));
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in partition bound
+LINE 1: ...expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (generate_s...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((1+1) collate "POSIX");
+ERROR:  collations are not supported by type integer
+LINE 1: ...ail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((1+1) collate "P...
+                                                             ^
+-- syntax does not allow empty list of values for list partitions
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ();
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ")"
+LINE 1: ...E TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ();
+                                                                     ^
+-- trying to specify range for list partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (2);
+ERROR:  invalid bound specification for a list partition
+LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES FROM (1) T...
+                                                             ^
+-- trying to specify modulus and remainder for list partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 1);
+ERROR:  invalid bound specification for a list partition
+LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODU...
+                                                             ^
+-- check default partition cannot be created more than once
+CREATE TABLE part_default PARTITION OF list_parted DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF list_parted DEFAULT;
+ERROR:  partition "fail_default_part" conflicts with existing default partition "part_default"
+LINE 1: ...TE TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF list_parted DEFAULT;
+                                                               ^
+-- specified literal can't be cast to the partition column data type
+CREATE TABLE bools (
+	a bool
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE bools_true PARTITION OF bools FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  specified value cannot be cast to type boolean for column "a"
+LINE 1: ...REATE TABLE bools_true PARTITION OF bools FOR VALUES IN (1);
+                                                                    ^
+DROP TABLE bools;
+-- specified literal can be cast, and the cast might not be immutable
+CREATE TABLE moneyp (
+	a money
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE moneyp_10 PARTITION OF moneyp FOR VALUES IN (10);
+CREATE TABLE moneyp_11 PARTITION OF moneyp FOR VALUES IN ('11');
+CREATE TABLE moneyp_12 PARTITION OF moneyp FOR VALUES IN (to_char(12, '99')::int);
+DROP TABLE moneyp;
+-- cast is immutable
+CREATE TABLE bigintp (
+	a bigint
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE bigintp_10 PARTITION OF bigintp FOR VALUES IN (10);
+-- fails due to overlap:
+CREATE TABLE bigintp_10_2 PARTITION OF bigintp FOR VALUES IN ('10');
+ERROR:  partition "bigintp_10_2" would overlap partition "bigintp_10"
+LINE 1: ...ABLE bigintp_10_2 PARTITION OF bigintp FOR VALUES IN ('10');
+                                                                 ^
+DROP TABLE bigintp;
+CREATE TABLE range_parted (
+	a date
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+-- forbidden expressions for partition bounds with range partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (somename) TO ('2019-01-01');
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in partition bound expression
+LINE 2:   FOR VALUES FROM (somename) TO ('2019-01-01');
+                           ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (somename.somename) TO ('2019-01-01');
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in partition bound expression
+LINE 2:   FOR VALUES FROM (somename.somename) TO ('2019-01-01');
+                           ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (a) TO ('2019-01-01');
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in partition bound expression
+LINE 2:   FOR VALUES FROM (a) TO ('2019-01-01');
+                           ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (max(a)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in partition bound expression
+LINE 2:   FOR VALUES FROM (max(a)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+                               ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (max(somename)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+ERROR:  cannot use column reference in partition bound expression
+LINE 2:   FOR VALUES FROM (max(somename)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+                               ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (max('2019-02-01'::date)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in partition bound
+LINE 2:   FOR VALUES FROM (max('2019-02-01'::date)) TO ('2019-01-01'...
+                           ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM ((select 1)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+ERROR:  cannot use subquery in partition bound
+LINE 2:   FOR VALUES FROM ((select 1)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+                           ^
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (generate_series(1, 3)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in partition bound
+LINE 2:   FOR VALUES FROM (generate_series(1, 3)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+                           ^
+-- trying to specify list for range partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+ERROR:  invalid bound specification for a range partition
+LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+                                                              ^
+-- trying to specify modulus and remainder for range partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 1);
+ERROR:  invalid bound specification for a range partition
+LINE 1: ...LE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODU...
+                                                             ^
+-- each of start and end bounds must have same number of values as the
+-- length of the partition key
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a', 1) TO ('z');
+ERROR:  FROM must specify exactly one value per partitioning column
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a') TO ('z', 1);
+ERROR:  TO must specify exactly one value per partitioning column
+-- cannot specify null values in range bounds
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM (null) TO (maxvalue);
+ERROR:  cannot specify NULL in range bound
+-- trying to specify modulus and remainder for range partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 1);
+ERROR:  invalid bound specification for a range partition
+LINE 1: ...LE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODU...
+                                                             ^
+-- check partition bound syntax for the hash partition
+CREATE TABLE hash_parted (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+CREATE TABLE hpart_1 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE hpart_2 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 50, REMAINDER 1);
+CREATE TABLE hpart_3 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 200, REMAINDER 2);
+CREATE TABLE hpart_4 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 3);
+-- modulus 25 is factor of modulus of 50 but 10 is not a factor of 25.
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 25, REMAINDER 3);
+ERROR:  every hash partition modulus must be a factor of the next larger modulus
+DETAIL:  The new modulus 25 is not divisible by 10, the modulus of existing partition "hpart_4".
+-- previous modulus 50 is factor of 150 but this modulus is not a factor of next modulus 200.
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 150, REMAINDER 3);
+ERROR:  every hash partition modulus must be a factor of the next larger modulus
+DETAIL:  The new modulus 150 is not a factor of 200, the modulus of existing partition "hpart_3".
+-- overlapping remainders
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 100, REMAINDER 3);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "hpart_4"
+LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODU...
+                                                             ^
+-- trying to specify range for the hash partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a', 1) TO ('z');
+ERROR:  invalid bound specification for a hash partition
+LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a',...
+                                                             ^
+-- trying to specify list value for the hash partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES IN (1000);
+ERROR:  invalid bound specification for a hash partition
+LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES IN (1000);
+                                                             ^
+-- trying to create default partition for the hash partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF hash_parted DEFAULT;
+ERROR:  a hash-partitioned table may not have a default partition
+-- check if compatible with the specified parent
+-- cannot create as partition of a non-partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE unparted (
+	a int
+);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF unparted FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+ERROR:  "unparted" is not partitioned
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF unparted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+ERROR:  "unparted" is not partitioned
+DROP TABLE unparted;
+-- cannot create a permanent rel as partition of a temp rel
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_parted (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF temp_parted FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+ERROR:  cannot create a permanent relation as partition of temporary relation "temp_parted"
+DROP TABLE temp_parted;
+-- check for partition bound overlap and other invalid specifications
+CREATE TABLE list_parted2 (
+	a varchar
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE part_null_z PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (null, 'z');
+CREATE TABLE part_ab PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('a', 'b');
+CREATE TABLE list_parted2_def PARTITION OF list_parted2 DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (null);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part_null_z"
+LINE 1: ...LE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (null);
+                                                                 ^
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('b', 'c');
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part_ab"
+LINE 1: ...ail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('b', 'c');
+                                                             ^
+-- check default partition overlap
+INSERT INTO list_parted2 VALUES('X');
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('W', 'X', 'Y');
+ERROR:  updated partition constraint for default partition "list_parted2_def" would be violated by some row
+CREATE TABLE range_parted2 (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+-- trying to create range partition with empty range
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (0);
+ERROR:  empty range bound specified for partition "fail_part"
+LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (0);
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  Specified lower bound (1) is greater than or equal to upper bound (0).
+-- note that the range '[1, 1)' has no elements
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (1);
+ERROR:  empty range bound specified for partition "fail_part"
+LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (1);
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  Specified lower bound (1) is greater than or equal to upper bound (1).
+CREATE TABLE part0 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (1);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (2);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part0"
+LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) ...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE part1 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (-1) TO (1);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part0"
+LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (-1) TO (1)...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (9) TO (maxvalue);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part1"
+LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (9) TO (max...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE part2 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+CREATE TABLE part3 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (40);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (30);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part2"
+LINE 1: ...art PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (30);
+                                                                   ^
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (50);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part2"
+LINE 1: ...art PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (50);
+                                                                   ^
+-- Create a default partition for range partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE range2_default PARTITION OF range_parted2 DEFAULT;
+-- More than one default partition is not allowed, so this should give error
+CREATE TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 DEFAULT;
+ERROR:  partition "fail_default_part" conflicts with existing default partition "range2_default"
+LINE 1: ... TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 DEFAULT;
+                                                               ^
+-- Check if the range for default partitions overlap
+INSERT INTO range_parted2 VALUES (85);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (80) TO (90);
+ERROR:  updated partition constraint for default partition "range2_default" would be violated by some row
+CREATE TABLE part4 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (90) TO (100);
+-- now check for multi-column range partition key
+CREATE TABLE range_parted3 (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, (b+1));
+CREATE TABLE part00 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (0, minvalue) TO (0, maxvalue);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (0, minvalue) TO (0, 1);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part00"
+LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (0, minvalu...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE part10 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, minvalue) TO (1, 1);
+CREATE TABLE part11 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 1) TO (1, 10);
+CREATE TABLE part12 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 10) TO (1, maxvalue);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 10) TO (1, 20);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part12"
+LINE 1: ...rt PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 10) TO (1,...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE range3_default PARTITION OF range_parted3 DEFAULT;
+-- cannot create a partition that says column b is allowed to range
+-- from -infinity to +infinity, while there exist partitions that have
+-- more specific ranges
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, minvalue) TO (1, maxvalue);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part10"
+LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, minvalu...
+                                                             ^
+-- check for partition bound overlap and other invalid specifications for the hash partition
+CREATE TABLE hash_parted2 (
+	a varchar
+) PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+CREATE TABLE h2part_1 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 2);
+CREATE TABLE h2part_2 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE h2part_3 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 4);
+CREATE TABLE h2part_4 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 5);
+-- overlap with part_4
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+ERROR:  partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "h2part_4"
+LINE 1: ...LE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODU...
+                                                             ^
+-- modulus must be greater than zero
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 0, REMAINDER 1);
+ERROR:  modulus for hash partition must be an integer value greater than zero
+-- remainder must be greater than or equal to zero and less than modulus
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 8);
+ERROR:  remainder for hash partition must be less than modulus
+-- check schema propagation from parent
+CREATE TABLE parted (
+	a text,
+	b int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (length(a) > 0)
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE part_a PARTITION OF parted FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+-- only inherited attributes (never local ones)
+SELECT attname, attislocal, attinhcount FROM pg_attribute
+  WHERE attrelid = 'part_a'::regclass and attnum > 0
+  ORDER BY attnum;
+ attname | attislocal | attinhcount 
+---------+------------+-------------
+ a       | f          |           1
+ b       | f          |           1
+(2 rows)
+
+-- able to specify column default, column constraint, and table constraint
+-- first check the "column specified more than once" error
+CREATE TABLE part_b PARTITION OF parted (
+	b NOT NULL,
+	b DEFAULT 1,
+	b CHECK (b >= 0),
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (length(a) > 0)
+) FOR VALUES IN ('b');
+ERROR:  column "b" specified more than once
+CREATE TABLE part_b PARTITION OF parted (
+	b NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (length(a) > 0),
+	CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b >= 0)
+) FOR VALUES IN ('b');
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "check_a" with inherited definition
+-- conislocal should be false for any merged constraints, true otherwise
+SELECT conislocal, coninhcount FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_b'::regclass ORDER BY conislocal, coninhcount;
+ conislocal | coninhcount 
+------------+-------------
+ f          |           1
+ t          |           0
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Once check_b is added to the parent, it should be made non-local for part_b
+ALTER TABLE parted ADD CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b >= 0);
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "check_b" with inherited definition
+SELECT conislocal, coninhcount FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_b'::regclass;
+ conislocal | coninhcount 
+------------+-------------
+ f          |           1
+ f          |           1
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Neither check_a nor check_b are droppable from part_b
+ALTER TABLE part_b DROP CONSTRAINT check_a;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "check_a" of relation "part_b"
+ALTER TABLE part_b DROP CONSTRAINT check_b;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "check_b" of relation "part_b"
+-- And dropping it from parted should leave no trace of them on part_b, unlike
+-- traditional inheritance where they will be left behind, because they would
+-- be local constraints.
+ALTER TABLE parted DROP CONSTRAINT check_a, DROP CONSTRAINT check_b;
+SELECT conislocal, coninhcount FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_b'::regclass;
+ conislocal | coninhcount 
+------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- specify PARTITION BY for a partition
+CREATE TABLE fail_part_col_not_found PARTITION OF parted FOR VALUES IN ('c') PARTITION BY RANGE (c);
+ERROR:  column "c" named in partition key does not exist
+LINE 1: ...TITION OF parted FOR VALUES IN ('c') PARTITION BY RANGE (c);
+                                                                    ^
+CREATE TABLE part_c PARTITION OF parted (b WITH OPTIONS NOT NULL DEFAULT 0) FOR VALUES IN ('c') PARTITION BY RANGE ((b));
+-- create a level-2 partition
+CREATE TABLE part_c_1_10 PARTITION OF part_c FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+-- check that NOT NULL and default value are inherited correctly
+create table parted_notnull_inh_test (a int default 1, b int not null default 0) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_notnull_inh_test1 partition of parted_notnull_inh_test (a not null, b default 1) for values in (1);
+insert into parted_notnull_inh_test (b) values (null);
+ERROR:  null value in column "b" of relation "parted_notnull_inh_test1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, null).
+-- note that while b's default is overridden, a's default is preserved
+\d parted_notnull_inh_test1
+      Table "public.parted_notnull_inh_test1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 1
+ b      | integer |           | not null | 1
+Partition of: parted_notnull_inh_test FOR VALUES IN (1)
+
+drop table parted_notnull_inh_test;
+-- check that collations are assigned in partition bound expressions
+create table parted_boolean_col (a bool, b text) partition by list(a);
+create table parted_boolean_less partition of parted_boolean_col
+  for values in ('foo' < 'bar');
+create table parted_boolean_greater partition of parted_boolean_col
+  for values in ('foo' > 'bar');
+drop table parted_boolean_col;
+-- check for a conflicting COLLATE clause
+create table parted_collate_must_match (a text collate "C", b text collate "C")
+  partition by range (a);
+-- on the partition key
+create table parted_collate_must_match1 partition of parted_collate_must_match
+  (a collate "POSIX") for values from ('a') to ('m');
+-- on another column
+create table parted_collate_must_match2 partition of parted_collate_must_match
+  (b collate "POSIX") for values from ('m') to ('z');
+drop table parted_collate_must_match;
+-- check that non-matching collations for partition bound
+-- expressions are coerced to the right collation
+create table test_part_coll_posix (a text) partition by range (a collate "POSIX");
+-- ok, collation is implicitly coerced
+create table test_part_coll partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from ('a' collate "C") to ('g');
+-- ok
+create table test_part_coll2 partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from ('g') to ('m');
+-- ok, collation is implicitly coerced
+create table test_part_coll_cast partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from (name 'm' collate "C") to ('s');
+-- ok; partition collation silently overrides the default collation of type 'name'
+create table test_part_coll_cast2 partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from (name 's') to ('z');
+drop table test_part_coll_posix;
+-- Partition bound in describe output
+\d+ part_b
+                                   Table "public.part_b"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           | not null | 1       | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: parted FOR VALUES IN ('b')
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 'b'::text))
+
+-- Both partition bound and partition key in describe output
+\d+ part_c
+                             Partitioned table "public.part_c"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           | not null | 0       | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: parted FOR VALUES IN ('c')
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 'c'::text))
+Partition key: RANGE (b)
+Partitions: part_c_1_10 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10)
+
+-- a level-2 partition's constraint will include the parent's expressions
+\d+ part_c_1_10
+                                Table "public.part_c_1_10"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           | not null | 0       | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: part_c FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10)
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 'c'::text) AND (b IS NOT NULL) AND (b >= 1) AND (b < 10))
+
+-- Show partition count in the parent's describe output
+-- Tempted to include \d+ output listing partitions with bound info but
+-- output could vary depending on the order in which partition oids are
+-- returned.
+\d parted
+         Partitioned table "public.parted"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | text    |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           | not null | 0
+Partition key: LIST (a)
+Number of partitions: 3 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d hash_parted
+      Partitioned table "public.hash_parted"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition key: HASH (a)
+Number of partitions: 4 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+-- check that we get the expected partition constraints
+CREATE TABLE range_parted4 (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE (abs(a), abs(b), c);
+CREATE TABLE unbounded_range_part PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO (MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE);
+\d+ unbounded_range_part
+                           Table "public.unbounded_range_part"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ c      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition of: range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO (MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE)
+Partition constraint: ((abs(a) IS NOT NULL) AND (abs(b) IS NOT NULL) AND (c IS NOT NULL))
+
+DROP TABLE unbounded_range_part;
+CREATE TABLE range_parted4_1 PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO (1, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE);
+\d+ range_parted4_1
+                              Table "public.range_parted4_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ c      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition of: range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO (1, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE)
+Partition constraint: ((abs(a) IS NOT NULL) AND (abs(b) IS NOT NULL) AND (c IS NOT NULL) AND (abs(a) <= 1))
+
+CREATE TABLE range_parted4_2 PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (3, 4, 5) TO (6, 7, MAXVALUE);
+\d+ range_parted4_2
+                              Table "public.range_parted4_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ c      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition of: range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (3, 4, 5) TO (6, 7, MAXVALUE)
+Partition constraint: ((abs(a) IS NOT NULL) AND (abs(b) IS NOT NULL) AND (c IS NOT NULL) AND ((abs(a) > 3) OR ((abs(a) = 3) AND (abs(b) > 4)) OR ((abs(a) = 3) AND (abs(b) = 4) AND (c >= 5))) AND ((abs(a) < 6) OR ((abs(a) = 6) AND (abs(b) <= 7))))
+
+CREATE TABLE range_parted4_3 PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (6, 8, MINVALUE) TO (9, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE);
+\d+ range_parted4_3
+                              Table "public.range_parted4_3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ c      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition of: range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (6, 8, MINVALUE) TO (9, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE)
+Partition constraint: ((abs(a) IS NOT NULL) AND (abs(b) IS NOT NULL) AND (c IS NOT NULL) AND ((abs(a) > 6) OR ((abs(a) = 6) AND (abs(b) >= 8))) AND (abs(a) <= 9))
+
+DROP TABLE range_parted4;
+-- user-defined operator class in partition key
+CREATE FUNCTION my_int4_sort(int4,int4) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS $$ SELECT CASE WHEN $1 = $2 THEN 0 WHEN $1 > $2 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END; $$;
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_int4_ops FOR TYPE int4 USING btree AS
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4,int4), OPERATOR 2 <= (int4,int4),
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4,int4), OPERATOR 4 >= (int4,int4),
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4,int4), FUNCTION 1 my_int4_sort(int4,int4);
+CREATE TABLE partkey_t (a int4) PARTITION BY RANGE (a test_int4_ops);
+CREATE TABLE partkey_t_1 PARTITION OF partkey_t FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000);
+INSERT INTO partkey_t VALUES (100);
+INSERT INTO partkey_t VALUES (200);
+-- cleanup
+DROP TABLE parted, list_parted, range_parted, list_parted2, range_parted2, range_parted3;
+DROP TABLE partkey_t, hash_parted, hash_parted2;
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS test_int4_ops USING btree;
+DROP FUNCTION my_int4_sort(int4,int4);
+-- comments on partitioned tables columns
+CREATE TABLE parted_col_comment (a int, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+COMMENT ON TABLE parted_col_comment IS 'Am partitioned table';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN parted_col_comment.a IS 'Partition key';
+SELECT obj_description('parted_col_comment'::regclass);
+   obj_description    
+----------------------
+ Am partitioned table
+(1 row)
+
+\d+ parted_col_comment
+                        Partitioned table "public.parted_col_comment"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target |  Description  
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+---------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | Partition key
+ b      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (a)
+Number of partitions: 0
+
+DROP TABLE parted_col_comment;
+-- list partitioning on array type column
+CREATE TABLE arrlp (a int[]) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE arrlp12 PARTITION OF arrlp FOR VALUES IN ('{1}', '{2}');
+\d+ arrlp12
+                                   Table "public.arrlp12"
+ Column |   Type    | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer[] |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Partition of: arrlp FOR VALUES IN ('{1}', '{2}')
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND ((a = '{1}'::integer[]) OR (a = '{2}'::integer[])))
+
+DROP TABLE arrlp;
+-- partition on boolean column
+create table boolspart (a bool) partition by list (a);
+create table boolspart_t partition of boolspart for values in (true);
+create table boolspart_f partition of boolspart for values in (false);
+\d+ boolspart
+                           Partitioned table "public.boolspart"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | boolean |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (a)
+Partitions: boolspart_f FOR VALUES IN (false),
+            boolspart_t FOR VALUES IN (true)
+
+drop table boolspart;
+-- partitions mixing temporary and permanent relations
+create table perm_parted (a int) partition by list (a);
+create temporary table temp_parted (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table perm_part partition of temp_parted default; -- error
+ERROR:  cannot create a permanent relation as partition of temporary relation "temp_parted"
+create temp table temp_part partition of perm_parted default; -- error
+ERROR:  cannot create a temporary relation as partition of permanent relation "perm_parted"
+create temp table temp_part partition of temp_parted default; -- ok
+drop table perm_parted cascade;
+drop table temp_parted cascade;
+-- check that adding partitions to a table while it is being used is prevented
+create table tab_part_create (a int) partition by list (a);
+create or replace function func_part_create() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+  begin
+    execute 'create table tab_part_create_1 partition of tab_part_create for values in (1)';
+    return null;
+  end $$;
+create trigger trig_part_create before insert on tab_part_create
+  for each statement execute procedure func_part_create();
+insert into tab_part_create values (1);
+ERROR:  cannot CREATE TABLE .. PARTITION OF "tab_part_create" because it is being used by active queries in this session
+CONTEXT:  SQL statement "create table tab_part_create_1 partition of tab_part_create for values in (1)"
+PL/pgSQL function func_part_create() line 3 at EXECUTE
+drop table tab_part_create;
+drop function func_part_create();
+-- test using a volatile expression as partition bound
+create table volatile_partbound_test (partkey timestamp) partition by range (partkey);
+create table volatile_partbound_test1 partition of volatile_partbound_test for values from (minvalue) to (current_timestamp);
+create table volatile_partbound_test2 partition of volatile_partbound_test for values from (current_timestamp) to (maxvalue);
+-- this should go into the partition volatile_partbound_test2
+insert into volatile_partbound_test values (current_timestamp);
+select tableoid::regclass from volatile_partbound_test;
+         tableoid         
+--------------------------
+ volatile_partbound_test2
+(1 row)
+
+drop table volatile_partbound_test;
+-- test the case where a check constraint on default partition allows
+-- to avoid scanning it when adding a new partition
+create table defcheck (a int, b int) partition by list (b);
+create table defcheck_def (a int, c int, b int);
+alter table defcheck_def drop c;
+alter table defcheck attach partition defcheck_def default;
+alter table defcheck_def add check (b <= 0 and b is not null);
+create table defcheck_1 partition of defcheck for values in (1, null);
+-- test that complex default partition constraints are enforced correctly
+insert into defcheck_def values (0, 0);
+create table defcheck_0 partition of defcheck for values in (0);
+ERROR:  updated partition constraint for default partition "defcheck_def" would be violated by some row
+drop table defcheck;
+-- tests of column drop with partition tables and indexes using
+-- predicates and expressions.
+create table part_column_drop (
+  useless_1 int,
+  id int,
+  useless_2 int,
+  d int,
+  b int,
+  useless_3 int
+) partition by range (id);
+alter table part_column_drop drop column useless_1;
+alter table part_column_drop drop column useless_2;
+alter table part_column_drop drop column useless_3;
+create index part_column_drop_b_pred on part_column_drop(b) where b = 1;
+create index part_column_drop_b_expr on part_column_drop((b = 1));
+create index part_column_drop_d_pred on part_column_drop(d) where d = 2;
+create index part_column_drop_d_expr on part_column_drop((d = 2));
+create table part_column_drop_1_10 partition of
+  part_column_drop for values from (1) to (10);
+\d part_column_drop
+    Partitioned table "public.part_column_drop"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           |          | 
+ d      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition key: RANGE (id)
+Indexes:
+    "part_column_drop_b_expr" btree ((b = 1))
+    "part_column_drop_b_pred" btree (b) WHERE b = 1
+    "part_column_drop_d_expr" btree ((d = 2))
+    "part_column_drop_d_pred" btree (d) WHERE d = 2
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d part_column_drop_1_10
+       Table "public.part_column_drop_1_10"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           |          | 
+ d      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: part_column_drop FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10)
+Indexes:
+    "part_column_drop_1_10_b_idx" btree (b) WHERE b = 1
+    "part_column_drop_1_10_d_idx" btree (d) WHERE d = 2
+    "part_column_drop_1_10_expr_idx" btree ((b = 1))
+    "part_column_drop_1_10_expr_idx1" btree ((d = 2))
+
+drop table part_column_drop;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_table_like.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_table_like.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ed94f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_table_like.out
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+/* Test inheritance of structure (LIKE) */
+CREATE TABLE inhx (xx text DEFAULT 'text');
+/*
+ * Test double inheritance
+ *
+ * Ensure that defaults are NOT included unless
+ * INCLUDING DEFAULTS is specified
+ */
+CREATE TABLE ctla (aa TEXT);
+CREATE TABLE ctlb (bb TEXT) INHERITS (ctla);
+CREATE TABLE foo (LIKE nonexistent);
+ERROR:  relation "nonexistent" does not exist
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE foo (LIKE nonexistent);
+                               ^
+CREATE TABLE inhe (ee text, LIKE inhx) inherits (ctlb);
+INSERT INTO inhe VALUES ('ee-col1', 'ee-col2', DEFAULT, 'ee-col4');
+SELECT * FROM inhe; /* Columns aa, bb, xx value NULL, ee */
+   aa    |   bb    | ee |   xx    
+---------+---------+----+---------
+ ee-col1 | ee-col2 |    | ee-col4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM inhx; /* Empty set since LIKE inherits structure only */
+ xx 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM ctlb; /* Has ee entry */
+   aa    |   bb    
+---------+---------
+ ee-col1 | ee-col2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM ctla; /* Has ee entry */
+   aa    
+---------
+ ee-col1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE inhf (LIKE inhx, LIKE inhx); /* Throw error */
+ERROR:  column "xx" specified more than once
+CREATE TABLE inhf (LIKE inhx INCLUDING DEFAULTS INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+INSERT INTO inhf DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM inhf; /* Single entry with value 'text' */
+  xx  
+------
+ text
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE inhx add constraint foo CHECK (xx = 'text');
+ALTER TABLE inhx ADD PRIMARY KEY (xx);
+CREATE TABLE inhg (LIKE inhx); /* Doesn't copy constraint */
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES ('foo');
+DROP TABLE inhg;
+CREATE TABLE inhg (x text, LIKE inhx INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS, y text); /* Copies constraints */
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES ('x', 'text', 'y'); /* Succeeds */
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES ('x', 'text', 'y'); /* Succeeds -- Unique constraints not copied */
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES ('x', 'foo',  'y');  /* fails due to constraint */
+ERROR:  new row for relation "inhg" violates check constraint "foo"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (x, foo, y).
+SELECT * FROM inhg; /* Two records with three columns in order x=x, xx=text, y=y */
+ x |  xx  | y 
+---+------+---
+ x | text | y
+ x | text | y
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE inhg;
+CREATE TABLE test_like_id_1 (a bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text);
+\d test_like_id_1
+                     Table "public.test_like_id_1"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable |           Default            
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+------------------------------
+ a      | bigint |           | not null | generated always as identity
+ b      | text   |           |          | 
+
+INSERT INTO test_like_id_1 (b) VALUES ('b1');
+SELECT * FROM test_like_id_1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | b1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE test_like_id_2 (LIKE test_like_id_1);
+\d test_like_id_2
+          Table "public.test_like_id_2"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | bigint |           | not null | 
+ b      | text   |           |          | 
+
+INSERT INTO test_like_id_2 (b) VALUES ('b2');
+ERROR:  null value in column "a" of relation "test_like_id_2" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, b2).
+SELECT * FROM test_like_id_2;  -- identity was not copied
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE test_like_id_3 (LIKE test_like_id_1 INCLUDING IDENTITY);
+\d test_like_id_3
+                     Table "public.test_like_id_3"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable |           Default            
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+------------------------------
+ a      | bigint |           | not null | generated always as identity
+ b      | text   |           |          | 
+
+INSERT INTO test_like_id_3 (b) VALUES ('b3');
+SELECT * FROM test_like_id_3;  -- identity was copied and applied
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | b3
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE test_like_id_1, test_like_id_2, test_like_id_3;
+CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_1 (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+\d test_like_gen_1
+                        Table "public.test_like_gen_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+
+INSERT INTO test_like_gen_1 (a) VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_2 (LIKE test_like_gen_1);
+\d test_like_gen_2
+          Table "public.test_like_gen_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+
+INSERT INTO test_like_gen_2 (a) VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_2;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 |  
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_3 (LIKE test_like_gen_1 INCLUDING GENERATED);
+\d test_like_gen_3
+                        Table "public.test_like_gen_3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+
+INSERT INTO test_like_gen_3 (a) VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_3;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE test_like_gen_1, test_like_gen_2, test_like_gen_3;
+-- also test generated column with a "forward" reference (bug #16342)
+CREATE TABLE test_like_4 (b int DEFAULT 42,
+  c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED,
+  a int CHECK (a > 0));
+\d test_like_4
+                          Table "public.test_like_4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ b      | integer |           |          | 42
+ c      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "test_like_4_a_check" CHECK (a > 0)
+
+CREATE TABLE test_like_4a (LIKE test_like_4);
+CREATE TABLE test_like_4b (LIKE test_like_4 INCLUDING DEFAULTS);
+CREATE TABLE test_like_4c (LIKE test_like_4 INCLUDING GENERATED);
+CREATE TABLE test_like_4d (LIKE test_like_4 INCLUDING DEFAULTS INCLUDING GENERATED);
+\d test_like_4a
+            Table "public.test_like_4a"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+
+INSERT INTO test_like_4a (a) VALUES(11);
+SELECT a, b, c FROM test_like_4a;
+ a  | b | c 
+----+---+---
+ 11 |   |  
+(1 row)
+
+\d test_like_4b
+            Table "public.test_like_4b"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ b      | integer |           |          | 42
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+
+INSERT INTO test_like_4b (a) VALUES(11);
+SELECT a, b, c FROM test_like_4b;
+ a  | b  | c 
+----+----+---
+ 11 | 42 |  
+(1 row)
+
+\d test_like_4c
+                         Table "public.test_like_4c"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+
+INSERT INTO test_like_4c (a) VALUES(11);
+SELECT a, b, c FROM test_like_4c;
+ a  | b | c  
+----+---+----
+ 11 |   | 22
+(1 row)
+
+\d test_like_4d
+                         Table "public.test_like_4d"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ b      | integer |           |          | 42
+ c      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+
+INSERT INTO test_like_4d (a) VALUES(11);
+SELECT a, b, c FROM test_like_4d;
+ a  | b  | c  
+----+----+----
+ 11 | 42 | 22
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test renumbering of Vars when combining LIKE with inheritance
+CREATE TABLE test_like_5 (x point, y point, z point);
+CREATE TABLE test_like_5x (p int CHECK (p > 0),
+   q int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (p * 2) STORED);
+CREATE TABLE test_like_5c (LIKE test_like_4 INCLUDING ALL)
+  INHERITS (test_like_5, test_like_5x);
+\d test_like_5c
+                         Table "public.test_like_5c"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ x      | point   |           |          | 
+ y      | point   |           |          | 
+ z      | point   |           |          | 
+ p      | integer |           |          | 
+ q      | integer |           |          | generated always as (p * 2) stored
+ b      | integer |           |          | 42
+ c      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "test_like_4_a_check" CHECK (a > 0)
+    "test_like_5x_p_check" CHECK (p > 0)
+Inherits: test_like_5,
+          test_like_5x
+
+DROP TABLE test_like_4, test_like_4a, test_like_4b, test_like_4c, test_like_4d;
+DROP TABLE test_like_5, test_like_5x, test_like_5c;
+CREATE TABLE inhg (x text, LIKE inhx INCLUDING INDEXES, y text); /* copies indexes */
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES (5, 10);
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES (20, 10); -- should fail
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "inhg_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (xx)=(10) already exists.
+DROP TABLE inhg;
+/* Multiple primary keys creation should fail */
+CREATE TABLE inhg (x text, LIKE inhx INCLUDING INDEXES, PRIMARY KEY(x)); /* fails */
+ERROR:  multiple primary keys for table "inhg" are not allowed
+CREATE TABLE inhz (xx text DEFAULT 'text', yy int UNIQUE);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX inhz_xx_idx on inhz (xx) WHERE xx <> 'test';
+/* Ok to create multiple unique indexes */
+CREATE TABLE inhg (x text UNIQUE, LIKE inhz INCLUDING INDEXES);
+INSERT INTO inhg (xx, yy, x) VALUES ('test', 5, 10);
+INSERT INTO inhg (xx, yy, x) VALUES ('test', 10, 15);
+INSERT INTO inhg (xx, yy, x) VALUES ('foo', 10, 15); -- should fail
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "inhg_x_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (x)=(15) already exists.
+DROP TABLE inhg;
+DROP TABLE inhz;
+/* Use primary key imported by LIKE for self-referential FK constraint */
+CREATE TABLE inhz (x text REFERENCES inhz, LIKE inhx INCLUDING INDEXES);
+\d inhz
+              Table "public.inhz"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------
+ x      | text |           |          | 
+ xx     | text |           | not null | 
+Indexes:
+    "inhz_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (xx)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "inhz_x_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (x) REFERENCES inhz(xx)
+Referenced by:
+    TABLE "inhz" CONSTRAINT "inhz_x_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (x) REFERENCES inhz(xx)
+
+DROP TABLE inhz;
+-- including storage and comments
+CREATE TABLE ctlt1 (a text CHECK (length(a) > 2) PRIMARY KEY, b text);
+CREATE INDEX ctlt1_b_key ON ctlt1 (b);
+CREATE INDEX ctlt1_fnidx ON ctlt1 ((a || b));
+CREATE STATISTICS ctlt1_a_b_stat ON a,b FROM ctlt1;
+CREATE STATISTICS ctlt1_expr_stat ON (a || b) FROM ctlt1;
+COMMENT ON STATISTICS ctlt1_a_b_stat IS 'ab stats';
+COMMENT ON STATISTICS ctlt1_expr_stat IS 'ab expr stats';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ctlt1.a IS 'A';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ctlt1.b IS 'B';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT ctlt1_a_check ON ctlt1 IS 't1_a_check';
+COMMENT ON INDEX ctlt1_pkey IS 'index pkey';
+COMMENT ON INDEX ctlt1_b_key IS 'index b_key';
+ALTER TABLE ctlt1 ALTER COLUMN a SET STORAGE MAIN;
+CREATE TABLE ctlt2 (c text);
+ALTER TABLE ctlt2 ALTER COLUMN c SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ctlt2.c IS 'C';
+CREATE TABLE ctlt3 (a text CHECK (length(a) < 5), c text CHECK (length(c) < 7));
+ALTER TABLE ctlt3 ALTER COLUMN c SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+ALTER TABLE ctlt3 ALTER COLUMN a SET STORAGE MAIN;
+CREATE INDEX ctlt3_fnidx ON ctlt3 ((a || c));
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ctlt3.a IS 'A3';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ctlt3.c IS 'C';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT ctlt3_a_check ON ctlt3 IS 't3_a_check';
+CREATE TABLE ctlt4 (a text, c text);
+ALTER TABLE ctlt4 ALTER COLUMN c SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+CREATE TABLE ctlt12_storage (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING STORAGE, LIKE ctlt2 INCLUDING STORAGE);
+\d+ ctlt12_storage
+                             Table "public.ctlt12_storage"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text |           | not null |         | main     |              | 
+ b      | text |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c      | text |           |          |         | external |              | 
+
+CREATE TABLE ctlt12_comments (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING COMMENTS, LIKE ctlt2 INCLUDING COMMENTS);
+\d+ ctlt12_comments
+                             Table "public.ctlt12_comments"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text |           | not null |         | extended |              | A
+ b      | text |           |          |         | extended |              | B
+ c      | text |           |          |         | extended |              | C
+
+CREATE TABLE ctlt1_inh (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS INCLUDING COMMENTS) INHERITS (ctlt1);
+NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
+NOTICE:  merging column "b" with inherited definition
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "ctlt1_a_check" with inherited definition
+\d+ ctlt1_inh
+                                Table "public.ctlt1_inh"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text |           | not null |         | main     |              | A
+ b      | text |           |          |         | extended |              | B
+Check constraints:
+    "ctlt1_a_check" CHECK (length(a) > 2)
+Inherits: ctlt1
+
+SELECT description FROM pg_description, pg_constraint c WHERE classoid = 'pg_constraint'::regclass AND objoid = c.oid AND c.conrelid = 'ctlt1_inh'::regclass;
+ description 
+-------------
+ t1_a_check
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE ctlt13_inh () INHERITS (ctlt1, ctlt3);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "a"
+\d+ ctlt13_inh
+                               Table "public.ctlt13_inh"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text |           | not null |         | main     |              | 
+ b      | text |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c      | text |           |          |         | external |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "ctlt1_a_check" CHECK (length(a) > 2)
+    "ctlt3_a_check" CHECK (length(a) < 5)
+    "ctlt3_c_check" CHECK (length(c) < 7)
+Inherits: ctlt1,
+          ctlt3
+
+CREATE TABLE ctlt13_like (LIKE ctlt3 INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS INCLUDING INDEXES INCLUDING COMMENTS INCLUDING STORAGE) INHERITS (ctlt1);
+NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
+\d+ ctlt13_like
+                               Table "public.ctlt13_like"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text |           | not null |         | main     |              | A3
+ b      | text |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c      | text |           |          |         | external |              | C
+Indexes:
+    "ctlt13_like_expr_idx" btree ((a || c))
+Check constraints:
+    "ctlt1_a_check" CHECK (length(a) > 2)
+    "ctlt3_a_check" CHECK (length(a) < 5)
+    "ctlt3_c_check" CHECK (length(c) < 7)
+Inherits: ctlt1
+
+SELECT description FROM pg_description, pg_constraint c WHERE classoid = 'pg_constraint'::regclass AND objoid = c.oid AND c.conrelid = 'ctlt13_like'::regclass;
+ description 
+-------------
+ t3_a_check
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE ctlt_all (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING ALL);
+\d+ ctlt_all
+                                Table "public.ctlt_all"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text |           | not null |         | main     |              | A
+ b      | text |           |          |         | extended |              | B
+Indexes:
+    "ctlt_all_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+    "ctlt_all_b_idx" btree (b)
+    "ctlt_all_expr_idx" btree ((a || b))
+Check constraints:
+    "ctlt1_a_check" CHECK (length(a) > 2)
+Statistics objects:
+    "public.ctlt_all_a_b_stat" ON a, b FROM ctlt_all
+    "public.ctlt_all_expr_stat" ON (a || b) FROM ctlt_all
+
+SELECT c.relname, objsubid, description FROM pg_description, pg_index i, pg_class c WHERE classoid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND objoid = i.indexrelid AND c.oid = i.indexrelid AND i.indrelid = 'ctlt_all'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname, objsubid;
+    relname     | objsubid | description 
+----------------+----------+-------------
+ ctlt_all_b_idx |        0 | index b_key
+ ctlt_all_pkey  |        0 | index pkey
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT s.stxname, objsubid, description FROM pg_description, pg_statistic_ext s WHERE classoid = 'pg_statistic_ext'::regclass AND objoid = s.oid AND s.stxrelid = 'ctlt_all'::regclass ORDER BY s.stxname, objsubid;
+      stxname       | objsubid |  description  
+--------------------+----------+---------------
+ ctlt_all_a_b_stat  |        0 | ab stats
+ ctlt_all_expr_stat |        0 | ab expr stats
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE inh_error1 () INHERITS (ctlt1, ctlt4);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "a"
+ERROR:  inherited column "a" has a storage parameter conflict
+DETAIL:  MAIN versus EXTENDED
+CREATE TABLE inh_error2 (LIKE ctlt4 INCLUDING STORAGE) INHERITS (ctlt1);
+NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
+ERROR:  column "a" has a storage parameter conflict
+DETAIL:  MAIN versus EXTENDED
+-- Check that LIKE isn't confused by a system catalog of the same name
+CREATE TABLE pg_attrdef (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING ALL);
+\d+ public.pg_attrdef
+                               Table "public.pg_attrdef"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text |           | not null |         | main     |              | A
+ b      | text |           |          |         | extended |              | B
+Indexes:
+    "pg_attrdef_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+    "pg_attrdef_b_idx" btree (b)
+    "pg_attrdef_expr_idx" btree ((a || b))
+Check constraints:
+    "ctlt1_a_check" CHECK (length(a) > 2)
+Statistics objects:
+    "public.pg_attrdef_a_b_stat" ON a, b FROM public.pg_attrdef
+    "public.pg_attrdef_expr_stat" ON (a || b) FROM public.pg_attrdef
+
+DROP TABLE public.pg_attrdef;
+-- Check that LIKE isn't confused when new table masks the old, either
+BEGIN;
+CREATE SCHEMA ctl_schema;
+SET LOCAL search_path = ctl_schema, public;
+CREATE TABLE ctlt1 (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING ALL);
+\d+ ctlt1
+                                Table "ctl_schema.ctlt1"
+ Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text |           | not null |         | main     |              | A
+ b      | text |           |          |         | extended |              | B
+Indexes:
+    "ctlt1_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+    "ctlt1_b_idx" btree (b)
+    "ctlt1_expr_idx" btree ((a || b))
+Check constraints:
+    "ctlt1_a_check" CHECK (length(a) > 2)
+Statistics objects:
+    "ctl_schema.ctlt1_a_b_stat" ON a, b FROM ctlt1
+    "ctl_schema.ctlt1_expr_stat" ON (a || b) FROM ctlt1
+
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TABLE ctlt1, ctlt2, ctlt3, ctlt4, ctlt12_storage, ctlt12_comments, ctlt1_inh, ctlt13_inh, ctlt13_like, ctlt_all, ctla, ctlb CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table inhe
+-- LIKE must respect NO INHERIT property of constraints
+CREATE TABLE noinh_con_copy (a int CHECK (a > 0) NO INHERIT);
+CREATE TABLE noinh_con_copy1 (LIKE noinh_con_copy INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+\d noinh_con_copy1
+          Table "public.noinh_con_copy1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "noinh_con_copy_a_check" CHECK (a > 0) NO INHERIT
+
+-- fail, as partitioned tables don't allow NO INHERIT constraints
+CREATE TABLE noinh_con_copy1_parted (LIKE noinh_con_copy INCLUDING ALL)
+  PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ERROR:  cannot add NO INHERIT constraint to partitioned table "noinh_con_copy1_parted"
+DROP TABLE noinh_con_copy, noinh_con_copy1;
+/* LIKE with other relation kinds */
+CREATE TABLE ctlt4 (a int, b text);
+CREATE SEQUENCE ctlseq1;
+CREATE TABLE ctlt10 (LIKE ctlseq1);  -- fail
+ERROR:  relation "ctlseq1" is invalid in LIKE clause
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE ctlt10 (LIKE ctlseq1);
+                                  ^
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for sequences.
+CREATE VIEW ctlv1 AS SELECT * FROM ctlt4;
+CREATE TABLE ctlt11 (LIKE ctlv1);
+CREATE TABLE ctlt11a (LIKE ctlv1 INCLUDING ALL);
+CREATE TYPE ctlty1 AS (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE ctlt12 (LIKE ctlty1);
+DROP SEQUENCE ctlseq1;
+DROP TYPE ctlty1;
+DROP VIEW ctlv1;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ctlt4, ctlt10, ctlt11, ctlt11a, ctlt12;
+NOTICE:  table "ctlt10" does not exist, skipping
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_type.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_type.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dfc88c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_type.out
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_TYPE
+--
+-- directory path and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+--
+-- Test the "old style" approach of making the I/O functions first,
+-- with no explicit shell type creation.
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION widget_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS widget
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  type "widget" is not yet defined
+DETAIL:  Creating a shell type definition.
+CREATE FUNCTION widget_out(widget)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  argument type widget is only a shell
+CREATE FUNCTION int44in(cstring)
+   RETURNS city_budget
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  type "city_budget" is not yet defined
+DETAIL:  Creating a shell type definition.
+CREATE FUNCTION int44out(city_budget)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  argument type city_budget is only a shell
+CREATE TYPE widget (
+   internallength = 24,
+   input = widget_in,
+   output = widget_out,
+   typmod_in = numerictypmodin,
+   typmod_out = numerictypmodout,
+   alignment = double
+);
+CREATE TYPE city_budget (
+   internallength = 16,
+   input = int44in,
+   output = int44out,
+   element = int4,
+   category = 'x',   -- just to verify the system will take it
+   preferred = true  -- ditto
+);
+-- Test creation and destruction of shell types
+CREATE TYPE shell;
+CREATE TYPE shell;   -- fail, type already present
+ERROR:  type "shell" already exists
+DROP TYPE shell;
+DROP TYPE shell;     -- fail, type not exist
+ERROR:  type "shell" does not exist
+-- also, let's leave one around for purposes of pg_dump testing
+CREATE TYPE myshell;
+--
+-- Test type-related default values (broken in releases before PG 7.2)
+--
+-- This part of the test also exercises the "new style" approach of making
+-- a shell type and then filling it in.
+--
+CREATE TYPE int42;
+CREATE TYPE text_w_default;
+-- Make dummy I/O routines using the existing internal support for int4, text
+CREATE FUNCTION int42_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS int42
+   AS 'int4in'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  return type int42 is only a shell
+CREATE FUNCTION int42_out(int42)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS 'int4out'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  argument type int42 is only a shell
+CREATE FUNCTION text_w_default_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS text_w_default
+   AS 'textin'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  return type text_w_default is only a shell
+CREATE FUNCTION text_w_default_out(text_w_default)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS 'textout'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  argument type text_w_default is only a shell
+CREATE TYPE int42 (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = int42_in,
+   output = int42_out,
+   alignment = int4,
+   default = 42,
+   passedbyvalue
+);
+CREATE TYPE text_w_default (
+   internallength = variable,
+   input = text_w_default_in,
+   output = text_w_default_out,
+   alignment = int4,
+   default = 'zippo'
+);
+CREATE TABLE default_test (f1 text_w_default, f2 int42);
+INSERT INTO default_test DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM default_test;
+  f1   | f2 
+-------+----
+ zippo | 42
+(1 row)
+
+-- We need a shell type to test some CREATE TYPE failure cases with
+CREATE TYPE bogus_type;
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE TYPE bogus_type (
+	"Internallength" = 4,
+	"Input" = int42_in,
+	"Output" = int42_out,
+	"Alignment" = int4,
+	"Default" = 42,
+	"Passedbyvalue"
+);
+WARNING:  type attribute "Internallength" not recognized
+LINE 2:  "Internallength" = 4,
+         ^
+WARNING:  type attribute "Input" not recognized
+LINE 3:  "Input" = int42_in,
+         ^
+WARNING:  type attribute "Output" not recognized
+LINE 4:  "Output" = int42_out,
+         ^
+WARNING:  type attribute "Alignment" not recognized
+LINE 5:  "Alignment" = int4,
+         ^
+WARNING:  type attribute "Default" not recognized
+LINE 6:  "Default" = 42,
+         ^
+WARNING:  type attribute "Passedbyvalue" not recognized
+LINE 7:  "Passedbyvalue"
+         ^
+ERROR:  type input function must be specified
+-- invalid: input/output function incompatibility
+CREATE TYPE bogus_type (INPUT = array_in,
+    OUTPUT = array_out,
+    ELEMENT = int,
+    INTERNALLENGTH = 32);
+ERROR:  type input function array_in must return type bogus_type
+DROP TYPE bogus_type;
+-- It no longer is possible to issue CREATE TYPE without making a shell first
+CREATE TYPE bogus_type (INPUT = array_in,
+    OUTPUT = array_out,
+    ELEMENT = int,
+    INTERNALLENGTH = 32);
+ERROR:  type "bogus_type" does not exist
+HINT:  Create the type as a shell type, then create its I/O functions, then do a full CREATE TYPE.
+-- Test stand-alone composite type
+CREATE TYPE default_test_row AS (f1 text_w_default, f2 int42);
+CREATE FUNCTION get_default_test() RETURNS SETOF default_test_row AS '
+  SELECT * FROM default_test;
+' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM get_default_test();
+  f1   | f2 
+-------+----
+ zippo | 42
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON TYPE bad IS 'bad comment';
+ERROR:  type "bad" does not exist
+COMMENT ON TYPE default_test_row IS 'good comment';
+COMMENT ON TYPE default_test_row IS NULL;
+COMMENT ON COLUMN default_test_row.nope IS 'bad comment';
+ERROR:  column "nope" of relation "default_test_row" does not exist
+COMMENT ON COLUMN default_test_row.f1 IS 'good comment';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN default_test_row.f1 IS NULL;
+-- Check shell type create for existing types
+CREATE TYPE text_w_default;		-- should fail
+ERROR:  type "text_w_default" already exists
+DROP TYPE default_test_row CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to function get_default_test()
+DROP TABLE default_test;
+-- Check dependencies are established when creating a new type
+CREATE TYPE base_type;
+CREATE FUNCTION base_fn_in(cstring) RETURNS base_type AS 'boolin'
+    LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+NOTICE:  return type base_type is only a shell
+CREATE FUNCTION base_fn_out(base_type) RETURNS cstring AS 'boolout'
+    LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+NOTICE:  argument type base_type is only a shell
+CREATE TYPE base_type(INPUT = base_fn_in, OUTPUT = base_fn_out);
+DROP FUNCTION base_fn_in(cstring); -- error
+ERROR:  cannot drop function base_fn_in(cstring) because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  type base_type depends on function base_fn_in(cstring)
+function base_fn_out(base_type) depends on type base_type
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP FUNCTION base_fn_out(base_type); -- error
+ERROR:  cannot drop function base_fn_out(base_type) because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  type base_type depends on function base_fn_out(base_type)
+function base_fn_in(cstring) depends on type base_type
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TYPE base_type; -- error
+ERROR:  cannot drop type base_type because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  function base_fn_in(cstring) depends on type base_type
+function base_fn_out(base_type) depends on type base_type
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TYPE base_type CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to function base_fn_in(cstring)
+drop cascades to function base_fn_out(base_type)
+-- Check usage of typmod with a user-defined type
+-- (we have borrowed numeric's typmod functions)
+CREATE TEMP TABLE mytab (foo widget(42,13,7));     -- should fail
+ERROR:  invalid NUMERIC type modifier
+LINE 1: CREATE TEMP TABLE mytab (foo widget(42,13,7));
+                                     ^
+CREATE TEMP TABLE mytab (foo widget(42,13));
+SELECT format_type(atttypid,atttypmod) FROM pg_attribute
+WHERE attrelid = 'mytab'::regclass AND attnum > 0;
+  format_type  
+---------------
+ widget(42,13)
+(1 row)
+
+-- might as well exercise the widget type while we're here
+INSERT INTO mytab VALUES ('(1,2,3)'), ('(-44,5.5,12)');
+TABLE mytab;
+     foo      
+--------------
+ (1,2,3)
+ (-44,5.5,12)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- and test format_type() a bit more, too
+select format_type('varchar'::regtype, 42);
+      format_type      
+-----------------------
+ character varying(38)
+(1 row)
+
+select format_type('bpchar'::regtype, null);
+ format_type 
+-------------
+ character
+(1 row)
+
+-- this behavior difference is intentional
+select format_type('bpchar'::regtype, -1);
+ format_type 
+-------------
+ bpchar
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test creation of an operator over a user-defined type
+CREATE FUNCTION pt_in_widget(point, widget)
+   RETURNS bool
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+CREATE OPERATOR <% (
+   leftarg = point,
+   rightarg = widget,
+   procedure = pt_in_widget,
+   commutator = >% ,
+   negator = >=%
+);
+SELECT point '(1,2)' <% widget '(0,0,3)' AS t,
+       point '(1,2)' <% widget '(0,0,1)' AS f;
+ t | f 
+---+---
+ t | f
+(1 row)
+
+-- exercise city_budget type
+CREATE TABLE city (
+	name		name,
+	location 	box,
+	budget 		city_budget
+);
+INSERT INTO city VALUES
+('Podunk', '(1,2),(3,4)', '100,127,1000'),
+('Gotham', '(1000,34),(1100,334)', '123456,127,-1000,6789');
+TABLE city;
+  name  |       location       |        budget         
+--------+----------------------+-----------------------
+ Podunk | (3,4),(1,2)          | 100,127,1000,0
+ Gotham | (1100,334),(1000,34) | 123456,127,-1000,6789
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test CREATE/ALTER TYPE using a type that's compatible with varchar,
+-- so we can re-use those support functions
+--
+CREATE TYPE myvarchar;
+CREATE FUNCTION myvarcharin(cstring, oid, integer) RETURNS myvarchar
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT AS 'varcharin';
+NOTICE:  return type myvarchar is only a shell
+CREATE FUNCTION myvarcharout(myvarchar) RETURNS cstring
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT AS 'varcharout';
+NOTICE:  argument type myvarchar is only a shell
+CREATE FUNCTION myvarcharsend(myvarchar) RETURNS bytea
+LANGUAGE internal STABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT AS 'varcharsend';
+NOTICE:  argument type myvarchar is only a shell
+CREATE FUNCTION myvarcharrecv(internal, oid, integer) RETURNS myvarchar
+LANGUAGE internal STABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT AS 'varcharrecv';
+NOTICE:  return type myvarchar is only a shell
+-- fail, it's still a shell:
+ALTER TYPE myvarchar SET (storage = extended);
+ERROR:  type "myvarchar" is only a shell
+CREATE TYPE myvarchar (
+    input = myvarcharin,
+    output = myvarcharout,
+    alignment = integer,
+    storage = main
+);
+-- want to check updating of a domain over the target type, too
+CREATE DOMAIN myvarchardom AS myvarchar;
+ALTER TYPE myvarchar SET (storage = plain);  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  cannot change type's storage to PLAIN
+ALTER TYPE myvarchar SET (storage = extended);
+ALTER TYPE myvarchar SET (
+    send = myvarcharsend,
+    receive = myvarcharrecv,
+    typmod_in = varchartypmodin,
+    typmod_out = varchartypmodout,
+    -- these are bogus, but it's safe as long as we don't use the type:
+    analyze = ts_typanalyze,
+    subscript = raw_array_subscript_handler
+);
+SELECT typinput, typoutput, typreceive, typsend, typmodin, typmodout,
+       typanalyze, typsubscript, typstorage
+FROM pg_type WHERE typname = 'myvarchar';
+  typinput   |  typoutput   |  typreceive   |    typsend    |    typmodin     |    typmodout     |  typanalyze   |        typsubscript         | typstorage 
+-------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------+------------------+---------------+-----------------------------+------------
+ myvarcharin | myvarcharout | myvarcharrecv | myvarcharsend | varchartypmodin | varchartypmodout | ts_typanalyze | raw_array_subscript_handler | x
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT typinput, typoutput, typreceive, typsend, typmodin, typmodout,
+       typanalyze, typsubscript, typstorage
+FROM pg_type WHERE typname = '_myvarchar';
+ typinput | typoutput | typreceive |  typsend   |    typmodin     |    typmodout     |    typanalyze    |      typsubscript       | typstorage 
+----------+-----------+------------+------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------------+------------
+ array_in | array_out | array_recv | array_send | varchartypmodin | varchartypmodout | array_typanalyze | array_subscript_handler | x
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT typinput, typoutput, typreceive, typsend, typmodin, typmodout,
+       typanalyze, typsubscript, typstorage
+FROM pg_type WHERE typname = 'myvarchardom';
+ typinput  |  typoutput   | typreceive  |    typsend    | typmodin | typmodout |  typanalyze   | typsubscript | typstorage 
+-----------+--------------+-------------+---------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------+------------
+ domain_in | myvarcharout | domain_recv | myvarcharsend | -        | -         | ts_typanalyze | -            | x
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT typinput, typoutput, typreceive, typsend, typmodin, typmodout,
+       typanalyze, typsubscript, typstorage
+FROM pg_type WHERE typname = '_myvarchardom';
+ typinput | typoutput | typreceive |  typsend   | typmodin | typmodout |    typanalyze    |      typsubscript       | typstorage 
+----------+-----------+------------+------------+----------+-----------+------------------+-------------------------+------------
+ array_in | array_out | array_recv | array_send | -        | -         | array_typanalyze | array_subscript_handler | x
+(1 row)
+
+-- ensure dependencies are straight
+DROP FUNCTION myvarcharsend(myvarchar);  -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop function myvarcharsend(myvarchar) because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  type myvarchar depends on function myvarcharsend(myvarchar)
+function myvarcharin(cstring,oid,integer) depends on type myvarchar
+function myvarcharout(myvarchar) depends on type myvarchar
+function myvarcharrecv(internal,oid,integer) depends on type myvarchar
+type myvarchardom depends on function myvarcharsend(myvarchar)
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TYPE myvarchar;  -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop type myvarchar because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  function myvarcharin(cstring,oid,integer) depends on type myvarchar
+function myvarcharout(myvarchar) depends on type myvarchar
+function myvarcharsend(myvarchar) depends on type myvarchar
+function myvarcharrecv(internal,oid,integer) depends on type myvarchar
+type myvarchardom depends on type myvarchar
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TYPE myvarchar CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 5 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to function myvarcharin(cstring,oid,integer)
+drop cascades to function myvarcharout(myvarchar)
+drop cascades to function myvarcharsend(myvarchar)
+drop cascades to function myvarcharrecv(internal,oid,integer)
+drop cascades to type myvarchardom
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_view.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_view.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63c3c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_view.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2257 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_VIEW
+-- Virtual class definitions
+--	(this also tests the query rewrite system)
+--
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+CREATE FUNCTION interpt_pp(path, path)
+    RETURNS point
+    AS :'regresslib'
+    LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+CREATE TABLE real_city (
+	pop			int4,
+	cname		text,
+	outline 	path
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/real_city.data'
+COPY real_city FROM :'filename';
+ANALYZE real_city;
+SELECT *
+   INTO TABLE ramp
+   FROM ONLY road
+   WHERE name ~ '.*Ramp';
+CREATE VIEW street AS
+   SELECT r.name, r.thepath, c.cname AS cname
+   FROM ONLY road r, real_city c
+   WHERE c.outline ?# r.thepath;
+CREATE VIEW iexit AS
+   SELECT ih.name, ih.thepath,
+	interpt_pp(ih.thepath, r.thepath) AS exit
+   FROM ihighway ih, ramp r
+   WHERE ih.thepath ?# r.thepath;
+CREATE VIEW toyemp AS
+   SELECT name, age, location, 12*salary AS annualsal
+   FROM emp;
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON VIEW noview IS 'no view';
+ERROR:  relation "noview" does not exist
+COMMENT ON VIEW toyemp IS 'is a view';
+COMMENT ON VIEW toyemp IS NULL;
+-- These views are left around mainly to exercise special cases in pg_dump.
+CREATE TABLE view_base_table (key int PRIMARY KEY, data varchar(20));
+CREATE VIEW key_dependent_view AS
+   SELECT * FROM view_base_table GROUP BY key;
+ALTER TABLE view_base_table DROP CONSTRAINT view_base_table_pkey;  -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot drop constraint view_base_table_pkey on table view_base_table because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  view key_dependent_view depends on constraint view_base_table_pkey on table view_base_table
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+CREATE VIEW key_dependent_view_no_cols AS
+   SELECT FROM view_base_table GROUP BY key HAVING length(data) > 0;
+--
+-- CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW
+--
+CREATE TABLE viewtest_tbl (a int, b int, c numeric(10,1), d text COLLATE "C");
+COPY viewtest_tbl FROM stdin;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT * FROM viewtest_tbl;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT * FROM viewtest_tbl WHERE a > 10;
+SELECT * FROM viewtest;
+ a  | b  |  c  |   d   
+----+----+-----+-------
+ 15 | 20 | 3.3 | xyzz
+ 20 | 25 | 4.4 | xyzzy
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a, b, c, d FROM viewtest_tbl WHERE a > 5 ORDER BY b DESC;
+SELECT * FROM viewtest;
+ a  | b  |  c  |   d   
+----+----+-----+-------
+ 20 | 25 | 4.4 | xyzzy
+ 15 | 20 | 3.3 | xyzz
+ 10 | 15 | 2.2 | xyz
+(3 rows)
+
+-- should fail
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a FROM viewtest_tbl WHERE a <> 20;
+ERROR:  cannot drop columns from view
+-- should fail
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT 1, * FROM viewtest_tbl;
+ERROR:  cannot change name of view column "a" to "?column?"
+HINT:  Use ALTER VIEW ... RENAME COLUMN ... to change name of view column instead.
+-- should fail
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a, b::numeric, c, d FROM viewtest_tbl;
+ERROR:  cannot change data type of view column "b" from integer to numeric
+-- should fail
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a, b, c::numeric(10,2), d FROM viewtest_tbl;
+ERROR:  cannot change data type of view column "c" from numeric(10,1) to numeric(10,2)
+-- should fail
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a, b, c, d COLLATE "POSIX" FROM viewtest_tbl;
+ERROR:  cannot change collation of view column "d" from "C" to "POSIX"
+-- should work
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a, b, c, d, 0 AS e FROM viewtest_tbl;
+DROP VIEW viewtest;
+DROP TABLE viewtest_tbl;
+-- tests for temporary views
+CREATE SCHEMA temp_view_test
+    CREATE TABLE base_table (a int, id int)
+    CREATE TABLE base_table2 (a int, id int);
+SET search_path TO temp_view_test, public;
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_table (a int, id int);
+-- should be created in temp_view_test schema
+CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM base_table;
+-- should be created in temp object schema
+CREATE VIEW v1_temp AS SELECT * FROM temp_table;
+NOTICE:  view "v1_temp" will be a temporary view
+-- should be created in temp object schema
+CREATE TEMP VIEW v2_temp AS SELECT * FROM base_table;
+-- should be created in temp_views schema
+CREATE VIEW temp_view_test.v2 AS SELECT * FROM base_table;
+-- should fail
+CREATE VIEW temp_view_test.v3_temp AS SELECT * FROM temp_table;
+NOTICE:  view "v3_temp" will be a temporary view
+ERROR:  cannot create temporary relation in non-temporary schema
+-- should fail
+CREATE SCHEMA test_view_schema
+    CREATE TEMP VIEW testview AS SELECT 1;
+ERROR:  cannot create temporary relation in non-temporary schema
+-- joins: if any of the join relations are temporary, the view
+-- should also be temporary
+-- should be non-temp
+CREATE VIEW v3 AS
+    SELECT t1.a AS t1_a, t2.a AS t2_a
+    FROM base_table t1, base_table2 t2
+    WHERE t1.id = t2.id;
+-- should be temp (one join rel is temp)
+CREATE VIEW v4_temp AS
+    SELECT t1.a AS t1_a, t2.a AS t2_a
+    FROM base_table t1, temp_table t2
+    WHERE t1.id = t2.id;
+NOTICE:  view "v4_temp" will be a temporary view
+-- should be temp
+CREATE VIEW v5_temp AS
+    SELECT t1.a AS t1_a, t2.a AS t2_a, t3.a AS t3_a
+    FROM base_table t1, base_table2 t2, temp_table t3
+    WHERE t1.id = t2.id and t2.id = t3.id;
+NOTICE:  view "v5_temp" will be a temporary view
+-- subqueries
+CREATE VIEW v4 AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM base_table2);
+CREATE VIEW v5 AS SELECT t1.id, t2.a FROM base_table t1, (SELECT * FROM base_table2) t2;
+CREATE VIEW v6 AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM base_table2);
+CREATE VIEW v7 AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM base_table2);
+CREATE VIEW v8 AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1);
+CREATE VIEW v6_temp AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM temp_table);
+NOTICE:  view "v6_temp" will be a temporary view
+CREATE VIEW v7_temp AS SELECT t1.id, t2.a FROM base_table t1, (SELECT * FROM temp_table) t2;
+NOTICE:  view "v7_temp" will be a temporary view
+CREATE VIEW v8_temp AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM temp_table);
+NOTICE:  view "v8_temp" will be a temporary view
+CREATE VIEW v9_temp AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM temp_table);
+NOTICE:  view "v9_temp" will be a temporary view
+-- a view should also be temporary if it references a temporary view
+CREATE VIEW v10_temp AS SELECT * FROM v7_temp;
+NOTICE:  view "v10_temp" will be a temporary view
+CREATE VIEW v11_temp AS SELECT t1.id, t2.a FROM base_table t1, v10_temp t2;
+NOTICE:  view "v11_temp" will be a temporary view
+CREATE VIEW v12_temp AS SELECT true FROM v11_temp;
+NOTICE:  view "v12_temp" will be a temporary view
+-- a view should also be temporary if it references a temporary sequence
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq1;
+CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE seq1_temp;
+CREATE VIEW v9 AS SELECT seq1.is_called FROM seq1;
+CREATE VIEW v13_temp AS SELECT seq1_temp.is_called FROM seq1_temp;
+NOTICE:  view "v13_temp" will be a temporary view
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+    WHERE relname LIKE 'v_'
+    AND relnamespace = (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'temp_view_test')
+    ORDER BY relname;
+ relname 
+---------
+ v1
+ v2
+ v3
+ v4
+ v5
+ v6
+ v7
+ v8
+ v9
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+    WHERE relname LIKE 'v%'
+    AND relnamespace IN (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname LIKE 'pg_temp%')
+    ORDER BY relname;
+ relname  
+----------
+ v10_temp
+ v11_temp
+ v12_temp
+ v13_temp
+ v1_temp
+ v2_temp
+ v4_temp
+ v5_temp
+ v6_temp
+ v7_temp
+ v8_temp
+ v9_temp
+(12 rows)
+
+CREATE SCHEMA testviewschm2;
+SET search_path TO testviewschm2, public;
+CREATE TABLE t1 (num int, name text);
+CREATE TABLE t2 (num2 int, value text);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tt (num2 int, value text);
+CREATE VIEW nontemp1 AS SELECT * FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t2;
+CREATE VIEW temporal1 AS SELECT * FROM t1 CROSS JOIN tt;
+NOTICE:  view "temporal1" will be a temporary view
+CREATE VIEW nontemp2 AS SELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 ON t1.num = t2.num2;
+CREATE VIEW temporal2 AS SELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN tt ON t1.num = tt.num2;
+NOTICE:  view "temporal2" will be a temporary view
+CREATE VIEW nontemp3 AS SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.num = t2.num2;
+CREATE VIEW temporal3 AS SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN tt ON t1.num = tt.num2;
+NOTICE:  view "temporal3" will be a temporary view
+CREATE VIEW nontemp4 AS SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.num = t2.num2 AND t2.value = 'xxx';
+CREATE VIEW temporal4 AS SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN tt ON t1.num = tt.num2 AND tt.value = 'xxx';
+NOTICE:  view "temporal4" will be a temporary view
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+    WHERE relname LIKE 'nontemp%'
+    AND relnamespace = (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'testviewschm2')
+    ORDER BY relname;
+ relname  
+----------
+ nontemp1
+ nontemp2
+ nontemp3
+ nontemp4
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+    WHERE relname LIKE 'temporal%'
+    AND relnamespace IN (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname LIKE 'pg_temp%')
+    ORDER BY relname;
+  relname  
+-----------
+ temporal1
+ temporal2
+ temporal3
+ temporal4
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl1 ( a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE tbl2 (c int, d int);
+CREATE TABLE tbl3 (e int, f int);
+CREATE TABLE tbl4 (g int, h int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tmptbl (i int, j int);
+--Should be in testviewschm2
+CREATE   VIEW  pubview AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE tbl1.a
+BETWEEN (SELECT d FROM tbl2 WHERE c = 1) AND (SELECT e FROM tbl3 WHERE f = 2)
+AND EXISTS (SELECT g FROM tbl4 LEFT JOIN tbl3 ON tbl4.h = tbl3.f);
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_class where relname = 'pubview'
+AND relnamespace IN (SELECT OID FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'testviewschm2');
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+--Should be in temp object schema
+CREATE   VIEW  mytempview AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE tbl1.a
+BETWEEN (SELECT d FROM tbl2 WHERE c = 1) AND (SELECT e FROM tbl3 WHERE f = 2)
+AND EXISTS (SELECT g FROM tbl4 LEFT JOIN tbl3 ON tbl4.h = tbl3.f)
+AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT g FROM tbl4 LEFT JOIN tmptbl ON tbl4.h = tmptbl.j);
+NOTICE:  view "mytempview" will be a temporary view
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_class where relname LIKE 'mytempview'
+And relnamespace IN (SELECT OID FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname LIKE 'pg_temp%');
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- CREATE VIEW and WITH(...) clause
+--
+CREATE VIEW mysecview1
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a = 0;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview2 WITH (security_barrier=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a > 0;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview3 WITH (security_barrier=false)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a < 0;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview4 WITH (security_barrier)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a <> 0;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview5 WITH (security_barrier=100)	-- Error
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a > 100;
+ERROR:  invalid value for boolean option "security_barrier": 100
+CREATE VIEW mysecview6 WITH (invalid_option)		-- Error
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a < 100;
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "invalid_option"
+CREATE VIEW mysecview7 WITH (security_invoker=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a = 100;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview8 WITH (security_invoker=false, security_barrier=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a > 100;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview9 WITH (security_invoker)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a < 100;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview10 WITH (security_invoker=100)	-- Error
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a <> 100;
+ERROR:  invalid value for boolean option "security_invoker": 100
+SELECT relname, relkind, reloptions FROM pg_class
+       WHERE oid in ('mysecview1'::regclass, 'mysecview2'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview3'::regclass, 'mysecview4'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview7'::regclass, 'mysecview8'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview9'::regclass)
+       ORDER BY relname;
+  relname   | relkind |                   reloptions                   
+------------+---------+------------------------------------------------
+ mysecview1 | v       | 
+ mysecview2 | v       | {security_barrier=true}
+ mysecview3 | v       | {security_barrier=false}
+ mysecview4 | v       | {security_barrier=true}
+ mysecview7 | v       | {security_invoker=true}
+ mysecview8 | v       | {security_invoker=false,security_barrier=true}
+ mysecview9 | v       | {security_invoker=true}
+(7 rows)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview1
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a = 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview2
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a > 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview3 WITH (security_barrier=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a < 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview4 WITH (security_barrier=false)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a <> 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview7
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a > 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview8 WITH (security_invoker=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a < 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview9 WITH (security_invoker=false, security_barrier=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a <> 256;
+SELECT relname, relkind, reloptions FROM pg_class
+       WHERE oid in ('mysecview1'::regclass, 'mysecview2'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview3'::regclass, 'mysecview4'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview7'::regclass, 'mysecview8'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview9'::regclass)
+       ORDER BY relname;
+  relname   | relkind |                   reloptions                   
+------------+---------+------------------------------------------------
+ mysecview1 | v       | 
+ mysecview2 | v       | 
+ mysecview3 | v       | {security_barrier=true}
+ mysecview4 | v       | {security_barrier=false}
+ mysecview7 | v       | 
+ mysecview8 | v       | {security_invoker=true}
+ mysecview9 | v       | {security_invoker=false,security_barrier=true}
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Check that unknown literals are converted to "text" in CREATE VIEW,
+-- so that we don't end up with unknown-type columns.
+CREATE VIEW unspecified_types AS
+  SELECT 42 as i, 42.5 as num, 'foo' as u, 'foo'::unknown as u2, null as n;
+\d+ unspecified_types
+                   View "testviewschm2.unspecified_types"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ i      | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ num    | numeric |           |          |         | main     | 
+ u      | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+ u2     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+ n      | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT 42 AS i,
+    42.5 AS num,
+    'foo'::text AS u,
+    'foo'::text AS u2,
+    NULL::text AS n;
+
+SELECT * FROM unspecified_types;
+ i  | num  |  u  | u2  | n 
+----+------+-----+-----+---
+ 42 | 42.5 | foo | foo | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- This test checks that proper typmods are assigned in a multi-row VALUES
+CREATE VIEW tt1 AS
+  SELECT * FROM (
+    VALUES
+       ('abc'::varchar(3), '0123456789', 42, 'abcd'::varchar(4)),
+       ('0123456789', 'abc'::varchar(3), 42.12, 'abc'::varchar(4))
+  ) vv(a,b,c,d);
+\d+ tt1
+                                View "testviewschm2.tt1"
+ Column |         Type         | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+----------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ a      | character varying    |           |          |         | extended | 
+ b      | character varying    |           |          |         | extended | 
+ c      | numeric              |           |          |         | main     | 
+ d      | character varying(4) |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT vv.a,
+    vv.b,
+    vv.c,
+    vv.d
+   FROM ( VALUES ('abc'::character varying(3),'0123456789'::character varying,42,'abcd'::character varying(4)), ('0123456789'::character varying,'abc'::character varying(3),42.12,'abc'::character varying(4))) vv(a, b, c, d);
+
+SELECT * FROM tt1;
+     a      |     b      |   c   |  d   
+------------+------------+-------+------
+ abc        | 0123456789 |    42 | abcd
+ 0123456789 | abc        | 42.12 | abc
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a::varchar(3) FROM tt1;
+  a  
+-----
+ abc
+ 012
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW tt1;
+-- Test view decompilation in the face of relation renaming conflicts
+CREATE TABLE tt1 (f1 int, f2 int, f3 text);
+CREATE TABLE tx1 (x1 int, x2 int, x3 text);
+CREATE TABLE temp_view_test.tt1 (y1 int, f2 int, f3 text);
+CREATE VIEW aliased_view_1 AS
+  select * from tt1
+    where exists (select 1 from tx1 where tt1.f1 = tx1.x1);
+CREATE VIEW aliased_view_2 AS
+  select * from tt1 a1
+    where exists (select 1 from tx1 where a1.f1 = tx1.x1);
+CREATE VIEW aliased_view_3 AS
+  select * from tt1
+    where exists (select 1 from tx1 a2 where tt1.f1 = a2.x1);
+CREATE VIEW aliased_view_4 AS
+  select * from temp_view_test.tt1
+    where exists (select 1 from tt1 where temp_view_test.tt1.y1 = tt1.f1);
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tt1.f1,
+    tt1.f2,
+    tt1.f3
+   FROM tt1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tx1
+          WHERE tt1.f1 = tx1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT a1.f1,
+    a1.f2,
+    a1.f3
+   FROM tt1 a1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tx1
+          WHERE a1.f1 = tx1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tt1.f1,
+    tt1.f2,
+    tt1.f3
+   FROM tt1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tx1 a2
+          WHERE tt1.f1 = a2.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ y1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tt1.y1,
+    tt1.f2,
+    tt1.f3
+   FROM temp_view_test.tt1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tt1 tt1_1
+          WHERE tt1.y1 = tt1_1.f1));
+
+ALTER TABLE tx1 RENAME TO a1;
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tt1.f1,
+    tt1.f2,
+    tt1.f3
+   FROM tt1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM a1
+          WHERE tt1.f1 = a1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT a1.f1,
+    a1.f2,
+    a1.f3
+   FROM tt1 a1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM a1 a1_1
+          WHERE a1.f1 = a1_1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tt1.f1,
+    tt1.f2,
+    tt1.f3
+   FROM tt1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM a1 a2
+          WHERE tt1.f1 = a2.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ y1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tt1.y1,
+    tt1.f2,
+    tt1.f3
+   FROM temp_view_test.tt1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tt1 tt1_1
+          WHERE tt1.y1 = tt1_1.f1));
+
+ALTER TABLE tt1 RENAME TO a2;
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT a2.f1,
+    a2.f2,
+    a2.f3
+   FROM a2
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM a1
+          WHERE a2.f1 = a1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT a1.f1,
+    a1.f2,
+    a1.f3
+   FROM a2 a1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM a1 a1_1
+          WHERE a1.f1 = a1_1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT a2.f1,
+    a2.f2,
+    a2.f3
+   FROM a2
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM a1 a2_1
+          WHERE a2.f1 = a2_1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ y1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tt1.y1,
+    tt1.f2,
+    tt1.f3
+   FROM temp_view_test.tt1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM a2
+          WHERE tt1.y1 = a2.f1));
+
+ALTER TABLE a1 RENAME TO tt1;
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT a2.f1,
+    a2.f2,
+    a2.f3
+   FROM a2
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tt1
+          WHERE a2.f1 = tt1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT a1.f1,
+    a1.f2,
+    a1.f3
+   FROM a2 a1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tt1
+          WHERE a1.f1 = tt1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT a2.f1,
+    a2.f2,
+    a2.f3
+   FROM a2
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tt1 a2_1
+          WHERE a2.f1 = a2_1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ y1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tt1.y1,
+    tt1.f2,
+    tt1.f3
+   FROM temp_view_test.tt1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM a2
+          WHERE tt1.y1 = a2.f1));
+
+ALTER TABLE a2 RENAME TO tx1;
+ALTER TABLE tx1 SET SCHEMA temp_view_test;
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tx1.f1,
+    tx1.f2,
+    tx1.f3
+   FROM temp_view_test.tx1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tt1
+          WHERE tx1.f1 = tt1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT a1.f1,
+    a1.f2,
+    a1.f3
+   FROM temp_view_test.tx1 a1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tt1
+          WHERE a1.f1 = tt1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tx1.f1,
+    tx1.f2,
+    tx1.f3
+   FROM temp_view_test.tx1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tt1 a2
+          WHERE tx1.f1 = a2.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ y1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tt1.y1,
+    tt1.f2,
+    tt1.f3
+   FROM temp_view_test.tt1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM temp_view_test.tx1
+          WHERE tt1.y1 = tx1.f1));
+
+ALTER TABLE temp_view_test.tt1 RENAME TO tmp1;
+ALTER TABLE temp_view_test.tmp1 SET SCHEMA testviewschm2;
+ALTER TABLE tmp1 RENAME TO tx1;
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tx1.f1,
+    tx1.f2,
+    tx1.f3
+   FROM temp_view_test.tx1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tt1
+          WHERE tx1.f1 = tt1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT a1.f1,
+    a1.f2,
+    a1.f3
+   FROM temp_view_test.tx1 a1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tt1
+          WHERE a1.f1 = tt1.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tx1.f1,
+    tx1.f2,
+    tx1.f3
+   FROM temp_view_test.tx1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM tt1 a2
+          WHERE tx1.f1 = a2.x1));
+
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+                    View "testviewschm2.aliased_view_4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ y1     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain    | 
+ f3     | text    |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT tx1.y1,
+    tx1.f2,
+    tx1.f3
+   FROM tx1
+  WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM temp_view_test.tx1 tx1_1
+          WHERE tx1.y1 = tx1_1.f1));
+
+-- Test aliasing of joins
+create view view_of_joins as
+select * from
+  (select * from (tbl1 cross join tbl2) same) ss,
+  (tbl3 cross join tbl4) same;
+\d+ view_of_joins
+                    View "testviewschm2.view_of_joins"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ c      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ d      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ e      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ f      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ g      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ h      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT ss.a,
+    ss.b,
+    ss.c,
+    ss.d,
+    same.e,
+    same.f,
+    same.g,
+    same.h
+   FROM ( SELECT same_1.a,
+            same_1.b,
+            same_1.c,
+            same_1.d
+           FROM (tbl1
+             CROSS JOIN tbl2) same_1) ss,
+    (tbl3
+     CROSS JOIN tbl4) same;
+
+create table tbl1a (a int, c int);
+create view view_of_joins_2a as select * from tbl1 join tbl1a using (a);
+create view view_of_joins_2b as select * from tbl1 join tbl1a using (a) as x;
+create view view_of_joins_2c as select * from (tbl1 join tbl1a using (a)) as y;
+create view view_of_joins_2d as select * from (tbl1 join tbl1a using (a) as x) as y;
+select pg_get_viewdef('view_of_joins_2a', true);
+       pg_get_viewdef       
+----------------------------
+  SELECT tbl1.a,           +
+     tbl1.b,               +
+     tbl1a.c               +
+    FROM tbl1              +
+      JOIN tbl1a USING (a);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('view_of_joins_2b', true);
+         pg_get_viewdef          
+---------------------------------
+  SELECT tbl1.a,                +
+     tbl1.b,                    +
+     tbl1a.c                    +
+    FROM tbl1                   +
+      JOIN tbl1a USING (a) AS x;
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('view_of_joins_2c', true);
+        pg_get_viewdef         
+-------------------------------
+  SELECT y.a,                 +
+     y.b,                     +
+     y.c                      +
+    FROM (tbl1                +
+      JOIN tbl1a USING (a)) y;
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('view_of_joins_2d', true);
+           pg_get_viewdef           
+------------------------------------
+  SELECT y.a,                      +
+     y.b,                          +
+     y.c                           +
+    FROM (tbl1                     +
+      JOIN tbl1a USING (a) AS x) y;
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test view decompilation in the face of column addition/deletion/renaming
+create table tt2 (a int, b int, c int);
+create table tt3 (ax int8, b int2, c numeric);
+create table tt4 (ay int, b int, q int);
+create view v1 as select * from tt2 natural join tt3;
+create view v1a as select * from (tt2 natural join tt3) j;
+create view v2 as select * from tt2 join tt3 using (b,c) join tt4 using (b);
+create view v2a as select * from (tt2 join tt3 using (b,c) join tt4 using (b)) j;
+create view v3 as select * from tt2 join tt3 using (b,c) full join tt4 using (b);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+       pg_get_viewdef        
+-----------------------------
+  SELECT tt2.b,             +
+     tt3.c,                 +
+     tt2.a,                 +
+     tt3.ax                 +
+    FROM tt2                +
+      JOIN tt3 USING (b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1a', true);
+         pg_get_viewdef         
+--------------------------------
+  SELECT j.b,                  +
+     j.c,                      +
+     j.a,                      +
+     j.ax                      +
+    FROM (tt2                  +
+      JOIN tt3 USING (b, c)) j;
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2', true);
+       pg_get_viewdef       
+----------------------------
+  SELECT tt2.b,            +
+     tt3.c,                +
+     tt2.a,                +
+     tt3.ax,               +
+     tt4.ay,               +
+     tt4.q                 +
+    FROM tt2               +
+      JOIN tt3 USING (b, c)+
+      JOIN tt4 USING (b);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2a', true);
+       pg_get_viewdef        
+-----------------------------
+  SELECT j.b,               +
+     j.c,                   +
+     j.a,                   +
+     j.ax,                  +
+     j.ay,                  +
+     j.q                    +
+    FROM (tt2               +
+      JOIN tt3 USING (b, c) +
+      JOIN tt4 USING (b)) j;
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v3', true);
+        pg_get_viewdef         
+-------------------------------
+  SELECT b,                   +
+     tt3.c,                   +
+     tt2.a,                   +
+     tt3.ax,                  +
+     tt4.ay,                  +
+     tt4.q                    +
+    FROM tt2                  +
+      JOIN tt3 USING (b, c)   +
+      FULL JOIN tt4 USING (b);
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt2 add column d int;
+alter table tt2 add column e int;
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+       pg_get_viewdef        
+-----------------------------
+  SELECT tt2.b,             +
+     tt3.c,                 +
+     tt2.a,                 +
+     tt3.ax                 +
+    FROM tt2                +
+      JOIN tt3 USING (b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1a', true);
+         pg_get_viewdef         
+--------------------------------
+  SELECT j.b,                  +
+     j.c,                      +
+     j.a,                      +
+     j.ax                      +
+    FROM (tt2                  +
+      JOIN tt3 USING (b, c)) j;
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2', true);
+       pg_get_viewdef       
+----------------------------
+  SELECT tt2.b,            +
+     tt3.c,                +
+     tt2.a,                +
+     tt3.ax,               +
+     tt4.ay,               +
+     tt4.q                 +
+    FROM tt2               +
+      JOIN tt3 USING (b, c)+
+      JOIN tt4 USING (b);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2a', true);
+       pg_get_viewdef        
+-----------------------------
+  SELECT j.b,               +
+     j.c,                   +
+     j.a,                   +
+     j.ax,                  +
+     j.ay,                  +
+     j.q                    +
+    FROM (tt2               +
+      JOIN tt3 USING (b, c) +
+      JOIN tt4 USING (b)) j;
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v3', true);
+        pg_get_viewdef         
+-------------------------------
+  SELECT b,                   +
+     tt3.c,                   +
+     tt2.a,                   +
+     tt3.ax,                  +
+     tt4.ay,                  +
+     tt4.q                    +
+    FROM tt2                  +
+      JOIN tt3 USING (b, c)   +
+      FULL JOIN tt4 USING (b);
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt3 rename c to d;
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+              pg_get_viewdef               
+-------------------------------------------
+  SELECT tt2.b,                           +
+     tt3.c,                               +
+     tt2.a,                               +
+     tt3.ax                               +
+    FROM tt2                              +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c) USING (b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1a', true);
+                pg_get_viewdef                
+----------------------------------------------
+  SELECT j.b,                                +
+     j.c,                                    +
+     j.a,                                    +
+     j.ax                                    +
+    FROM (tt2                                +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c) USING (b, c)) j;
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2', true);
+              pg_get_viewdef              
+------------------------------------------
+  SELECT tt2.b,                          +
+     tt3.c,                              +
+     tt2.a,                              +
+     tt3.ax,                             +
+     tt4.ay,                             +
+     tt4.q                               +
+    FROM tt2                             +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c) USING (b, c)+
+      JOIN tt4 USING (b);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2a', true);
+              pg_get_viewdef              
+------------------------------------------
+  SELECT j.b,                            +
+     j.c,                                +
+     j.a,                                +
+     j.ax,                               +
+     j.ay,                               +
+     j.q                                 +
+    FROM (tt2                            +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c) USING (b, c)+
+      JOIN tt4 USING (b)) j;
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v3', true);
+              pg_get_viewdef              
+------------------------------------------
+  SELECT b,                              +
+     tt3.c,                              +
+     tt2.a,                              +
+     tt3.ax,                             +
+     tt4.ay,                             +
+     tt4.q                               +
+    FROM tt2                             +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c) USING (b, c)+
+      FULL JOIN tt4 USING (b);
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt3 add column c int;
+alter table tt3 add column e int;
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+                  pg_get_viewdef                   
+---------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT tt2.b,                                   +
+     tt3.c,                                       +
+     tt2.a,                                       +
+     tt3.ax                                       +
+    FROM tt2                                      +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c, c_1, e) USING (b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1a', true);
+                                  pg_get_viewdef                                   
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT j.b,                                                                     +
+     j.c,                                                                         +
+     j.a,                                                                         +
+     j.ax                                                                         +
+    FROM (tt2                                                                     +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c, c_1, e) USING (b, c)) j(b, c, a, d, e, ax, c_1, e_1);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2', true);
+                  pg_get_viewdef                  
+--------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT tt2.b,                                  +
+     tt3.c,                                      +
+     tt2.a,                                      +
+     tt3.ax,                                     +
+     tt4.ay,                                     +
+     tt4.q                                       +
+    FROM tt2                                     +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c, c_1, e) USING (b, c)+
+      JOIN tt4 USING (b);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2a', true);
+                         pg_get_viewdef                          
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT j.b,                                                   +
+     j.c,                                                       +
+     j.a,                                                       +
+     j.ax,                                                      +
+     j.ay,                                                      +
+     j.q                                                        +
+    FROM (tt2                                                   +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c, c_1, e) USING (b, c)               +
+      JOIN tt4 USING (b)) j(b, c, a, d, e, ax, c_1, e_1, ay, q);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v3', true);
+                  pg_get_viewdef                  
+--------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT b,                                      +
+     tt3.c,                                      +
+     tt2.a,                                      +
+     tt3.ax,                                     +
+     tt4.ay,                                     +
+     tt4.q                                       +
+    FROM tt2                                     +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c, c_1, e) USING (b, c)+
+      FULL JOIN tt4 USING (b);
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt2 drop column d;
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+                  pg_get_viewdef                   
+---------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT tt2.b,                                   +
+     tt3.c,                                       +
+     tt2.a,                                       +
+     tt3.ax                                       +
+    FROM tt2                                      +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c, c_1, e) USING (b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1a', true);
+                                 pg_get_viewdef                                 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT j.b,                                                                  +
+     j.c,                                                                      +
+     j.a,                                                                      +
+     j.ax                                                                      +
+    FROM (tt2                                                                  +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c, c_1, e) USING (b, c)) j(b, c, a, e, ax, c_1, e_1);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2', true);
+                  pg_get_viewdef                  
+--------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT tt2.b,                                  +
+     tt3.c,                                      +
+     tt2.a,                                      +
+     tt3.ax,                                     +
+     tt4.ay,                                     +
+     tt4.q                                       +
+    FROM tt2                                     +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c, c_1, e) USING (b, c)+
+      JOIN tt4 USING (b);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2a', true);
+                        pg_get_viewdef                        
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT j.b,                                                +
+     j.c,                                                    +
+     j.a,                                                    +
+     j.ax,                                                   +
+     j.ay,                                                   +
+     j.q                                                     +
+    FROM (tt2                                                +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c, c_1, e) USING (b, c)            +
+      JOIN tt4 USING (b)) j(b, c, a, e, ax, c_1, e_1, ay, q);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v3', true);
+                  pg_get_viewdef                  
+--------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT b,                                      +
+     tt3.c,                                      +
+     tt2.a,                                      +
+     tt3.ax,                                     +
+     tt4.ay,                                     +
+     tt4.q                                       +
+    FROM tt2                                     +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c, c_1, e) USING (b, c)+
+      FULL JOIN tt4 USING (b);
+(1 row)
+
+create table tt5 (a int, b int);
+create table tt6 (c int, d int);
+create view vv1 as select * from (tt5 cross join tt6) j(aa,bb,cc,dd);
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv1', true);
+             pg_get_viewdef              
+-----------------------------------------
+  SELECT j.aa,                          +
+     j.bb,                              +
+     j.cc,                              +
+     j.dd                               +
+    FROM (tt5                           +
+      CROSS JOIN tt6) j(aa, bb, cc, dd);
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt5 add column c int;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv1', true);
+               pg_get_viewdef               
+--------------------------------------------
+  SELECT j.aa,                             +
+     j.bb,                                 +
+     j.cc,                                 +
+     j.dd                                  +
+    FROM (tt5                              +
+      CROSS JOIN tt6) j(aa, bb, c, cc, dd);
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt5 add column cc int;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv1', true);
+                  pg_get_viewdef                  
+--------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT j.aa,                                   +
+     j.bb,                                       +
+     j.cc,                                       +
+     j.dd                                        +
+    FROM (tt5                                    +
+      CROSS JOIN tt6) j(aa, bb, c, cc_1, cc, dd);
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt5 drop column c;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv1', true);
+                pg_get_viewdef                 
+-----------------------------------------------
+  SELECT j.aa,                                +
+     j.bb,                                    +
+     j.cc,                                    +
+     j.dd                                     +
+    FROM (tt5                                 +
+      CROSS JOIN tt6) j(aa, bb, cc_1, cc, dd);
+(1 row)
+
+create view v4 as select * from v1;
+alter view v1 rename column a to x;
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+                  pg_get_viewdef                   
+---------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT tt2.b,                                   +
+     tt3.c,                                       +
+     tt2.a AS x,                                  +
+     tt3.ax                                       +
+    FROM tt2                                      +
+      JOIN tt3 tt3(ax, b, c, c_1, e) USING (b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v4', true);
+ pg_get_viewdef 
+----------------
+  SELECT v1.b, +
+     v1.c,     +
+     v1.x AS a,+
+     v1.ax     +
+    FROM v1;
+(1 row)
+
+-- Unnamed FULL JOIN USING is lots of fun too
+create table tt7 (x int, xx int, y int);
+alter table tt7 drop column xx;
+create table tt8 (x int, z int);
+create view vv2 as
+select * from (values(1,2,3,4,5)) v(a,b,c,d,e)
+union all
+select * from tt7 full join tt8 using (x), tt8 tt8x;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv2', true);
+                 pg_get_viewdef                 
+------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT v.a,                                  +
+     v.b,                                      +
+     v.c,                                      +
+     v.d,                                      +
+     v.e                                       +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,2,3,4,5)) v(a, b, c, d, e)+
+ UNION ALL                                     +
+  SELECT x AS a,                               +
+     tt7.y AS b,                               +
+     tt8.z AS c,                               +
+     tt8x.x_1 AS d,                            +
+     tt8x.z AS e                               +
+    FROM tt7                                   +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 USING (x),                 +
+     tt8 tt8x(x_1, z);
+(1 row)
+
+create view vv3 as
+select * from (values(1,2,3,4,5,6)) v(a,b,c,x,e,f)
+union all
+select * from
+  tt7 full join tt8 using (x),
+  tt7 tt7x full join tt8 tt8x using (x);
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv3', true);
+                   pg_get_viewdef                    
+-----------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT v.a,                                       +
+     v.b,                                           +
+     v.c,                                           +
+     v.x,                                           +
+     v.e,                                           +
+     v.f                                            +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,2,3,4,5,6)) v(a, b, c, x, e, f)+
+ UNION ALL                                          +
+  SELECT x AS a,                                    +
+     tt7.y AS b,                                    +
+     tt8.z AS c,                                    +
+     x_1 AS x,                                      +
+     tt7x.y AS e,                                   +
+     tt8x.z AS f                                    +
+    FROM tt7                                        +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 USING (x),                      +
+     tt7 tt7x(x_1, y)                               +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 tt8x(x_1, z) USING (x_1);
+(1 row)
+
+create view vv4 as
+select * from (values(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)) v(a,b,c,x,e,f,g)
+union all
+select * from
+  tt7 full join tt8 using (x),
+  tt7 tt7x full join tt8 tt8x using (x) full join tt8 tt8y using (x);
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv4', true);
+                      pg_get_viewdef                      
+----------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT v.a,                                            +
+     v.b,                                                +
+     v.c,                                                +
+     v.x,                                                +
+     v.e,                                                +
+     v.f,                                                +
+     v.g                                                 +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,2,3,4,5,6,7)) v(a, b, c, x, e, f, g)+
+ UNION ALL                                               +
+  SELECT x AS a,                                         +
+     tt7.y AS b,                                         +
+     tt8.z AS c,                                         +
+     x_1 AS x,                                           +
+     tt7x.y AS e,                                        +
+     tt8x.z AS f,                                        +
+     tt8y.z AS g                                         +
+    FROM tt7                                             +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 USING (x),                           +
+     tt7 tt7x(x_1, y)                                    +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 tt8x(x_1, z) USING (x_1)             +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 tt8y(x_1, z) USING (x_1);
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt7 add column zz int;
+alter table tt7 add column z int;
+alter table tt7 drop column zz;
+alter table tt8 add column z2 int;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv2', true);
+                 pg_get_viewdef                 
+------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT v.a,                                  +
+     v.b,                                      +
+     v.c,                                      +
+     v.d,                                      +
+     v.e                                       +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,2,3,4,5)) v(a, b, c, d, e)+
+ UNION ALL                                     +
+  SELECT x AS a,                               +
+     tt7.y AS b,                               +
+     tt8.z AS c,                               +
+     tt8x.x_1 AS d,                            +
+     tt8x.z AS e                               +
+    FROM tt7                                   +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 USING (x),                 +
+     tt8 tt8x(x_1, z, z2);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv3', true);
+                   pg_get_viewdef                    
+-----------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT v.a,                                       +
+     v.b,                                           +
+     v.c,                                           +
+     v.x,                                           +
+     v.e,                                           +
+     v.f                                            +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,2,3,4,5,6)) v(a, b, c, x, e, f)+
+ UNION ALL                                          +
+  SELECT x AS a,                                    +
+     tt7.y AS b,                                    +
+     tt8.z AS c,                                    +
+     x_1 AS x,                                      +
+     tt7x.y AS e,                                   +
+     tt8x.z AS f                                    +
+    FROM tt7                                        +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 USING (x),                      +
+     tt7 tt7x(x_1, y, z)                            +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 tt8x(x_1, z, z2) USING (x_1);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv4', true);
+                      pg_get_viewdef                      
+----------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT v.a,                                            +
+     v.b,                                                +
+     v.c,                                                +
+     v.x,                                                +
+     v.e,                                                +
+     v.f,                                                +
+     v.g                                                 +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,2,3,4,5,6,7)) v(a, b, c, x, e, f, g)+
+ UNION ALL                                               +
+  SELECT x AS a,                                         +
+     tt7.y AS b,                                         +
+     tt8.z AS c,                                         +
+     x_1 AS x,                                           +
+     tt7x.y AS e,                                        +
+     tt8x.z AS f,                                        +
+     tt8y.z AS g                                         +
+    FROM tt7                                             +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 USING (x),                           +
+     tt7 tt7x(x_1, y, z)                                 +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 tt8x(x_1, z, z2) USING (x_1)         +
+      FULL JOIN tt8 tt8y(x_1, z, z2) USING (x_1);
+(1 row)
+
+-- Implicit coercions in a JOIN USING create issues similar to FULL JOIN
+create table tt7a (x date, xx int, y int);
+alter table tt7a drop column xx;
+create table tt8a (x timestamptz, z int);
+create view vv2a as
+select * from (values(now(),2,3,now(),5)) v(a,b,c,d,e)
+union all
+select * from tt7a left join tt8a using (x), tt8a tt8ax;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv2a', true);
+                     pg_get_viewdef                     
+--------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT v.a,                                          +
+     v.b,                                              +
+     v.c,                                              +
+     v.d,                                              +
+     v.e                                               +
+    FROM ( VALUES (now(),2,3,now(),5)) v(a, b, c, d, e)+
+ UNION ALL                                             +
+  SELECT x AS a,                                       +
+     tt7a.y AS b,                                      +
+     tt8a.z AS c,                                      +
+     tt8ax.x_1 AS d,                                   +
+     tt8ax.z AS e                                      +
+    FROM tt7a                                          +
+      LEFT JOIN tt8a USING (x),                        +
+     tt8a tt8ax(x_1, z);
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Also check dropping a column that existed when the view was made
+--
+create table tt9 (x int, xx int, y int);
+create table tt10 (x int, z int);
+create view vv5 as select x,y,z from tt9 join tt10 using(x);
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv5', true);
+      pg_get_viewdef       
+---------------------------
+  SELECT tt9.x,           +
+     tt9.y,               +
+     tt10.z               +
+    FROM tt9              +
+      JOIN tt10 USING (x);
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt9 drop column xx;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv5', true);
+      pg_get_viewdef       
+---------------------------
+  SELECT tt9.x,           +
+     tt9.y,               +
+     tt10.z               +
+    FROM tt9              +
+      JOIN tt10 USING (x);
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Another corner case is that we might add a column to a table below a
+-- JOIN USING, and thereby make the USING column name ambiguous
+--
+create table tt11 (x int, y int);
+create table tt12 (x int, z int);
+create table tt13 (z int, q int);
+create view vv6 as select x,y,z,q from
+  (tt11 join tt12 using(x)) join tt13 using(z);
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv6', true);
+      pg_get_viewdef       
+---------------------------
+  SELECT tt11.x,          +
+     tt11.y,              +
+     tt12.z,              +
+     tt13.q               +
+    FROM tt11             +
+      JOIN tt12 USING (x) +
+      JOIN tt13 USING (z);
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt11 add column z int;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv6', true);
+        pg_get_viewdef        
+------------------------------
+  SELECT tt11.x,             +
+     tt11.y,                 +
+     tt12.z,                 +
+     tt13.q                  +
+    FROM tt11 tt11(x, y, z_1)+
+      JOIN tt12 USING (x)    +
+      JOIN tt13 USING (z);
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check cases involving dropped/altered columns in a function's rowtype result
+--
+create table tt14t (f1 text, f2 text, f3 text, f4 text);
+insert into tt14t values('foo', 'bar', 'baz', '42');
+alter table tt14t drop column f2;
+create function tt14f() returns setof tt14t as
+$$
+declare
+    rec1 record;
+begin
+    for rec1 in select * from tt14t
+    loop
+        return next rec1;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$
+language plpgsql;
+create view tt14v as select t.* from tt14f() t;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt14v', true);
+         pg_get_viewdef         
+--------------------------------
+  SELECT t.f1,                 +
+     t.f3,                     +
+     t.f4                      +
+    FROM tt14f() t(f1, f3, f4);
+(1 row)
+
+select * from tt14v;
+ f1  | f3  | f4 
+-----+-----+----
+ foo | baz | 42
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt14t drop column f3;  -- fail, view has explicit reference to f3
+ERROR:  cannot drop column f3 of table tt14t because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  view tt14v depends on column f3 of table tt14t
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- We used to have a bug that would allow the above to succeed, posing
+-- hazards for later execution of the view.  Check that the internal
+-- defenses for those hazards haven't bit-rotted, in case some other
+-- bug with similar symptoms emerges.
+begin;
+-- destroy the dependency entry that prevents the DROP:
+delete from pg_depend where
+  objid = (select oid from pg_rewrite
+           where ev_class = 'tt14v'::regclass and rulename = '_RETURN')
+  and refobjsubid = 3
+returning pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+          pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as ref,
+          deptype;
+            obj             |           ref            | deptype 
+----------------------------+--------------------------+---------
+ rule _RETURN on view tt14v | column f3 of table tt14t | n
+(1 row)
+
+-- this will now succeed:
+alter table tt14t drop column f3;
+-- column f3 is still in the view, sort of ...
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt14v', true);
+         pg_get_viewdef          
+---------------------------------
+  SELECT t.f1,                  +
+     t."?dropped?column?" AS f3,+
+     t.f4                       +
+    FROM tt14f() t(f1, f4);
+(1 row)
+
+-- ... and you can even EXPLAIN it ...
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from tt14v;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on testviewschm2.tt14f t
+   Output: t.f1, t.f3, t.f4
+   Function Call: tt14f()
+(3 rows)
+
+-- but it will fail at execution
+select f1, f4 from tt14v;
+ f1  | f4 
+-----+----
+ foo | 42
+(1 row)
+
+select * from tt14v;
+ERROR:  attribute 3 of type record has been dropped
+rollback;
+-- likewise, altering a referenced column's type is prohibited ...
+alter table tt14t alter column f4 type integer using f4::integer;  -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot alter type of a column used by a view or rule
+DETAIL:  rule _RETURN on view tt14v depends on column "f4"
+-- ... but some bug might let it happen, so check defenses
+begin;
+-- destroy the dependency entry that prevents the ALTER:
+delete from pg_depend where
+  objid = (select oid from pg_rewrite
+           where ev_class = 'tt14v'::regclass and rulename = '_RETURN')
+  and refobjsubid = 4
+returning pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+          pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as ref,
+          deptype;
+            obj             |           ref            | deptype 
+----------------------------+--------------------------+---------
+ rule _RETURN on view tt14v | column f4 of table tt14t | n
+(1 row)
+
+-- this will now succeed:
+alter table tt14t alter column f4 type integer using f4::integer;
+-- f4 is still in the view ...
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt14v', true);
+         pg_get_viewdef         
+--------------------------------
+  SELECT t.f1,                 +
+     t.f3,                     +
+     t.f4                      +
+    FROM tt14f() t(f1, f3, f4);
+(1 row)
+
+-- but will fail at execution
+select f1, f3 from tt14v;
+ f1  | f3  
+-----+-----
+ foo | baz
+(1 row)
+
+select * from tt14v;
+ERROR:  attribute 4 of type record has wrong type
+DETAIL:  Table has type integer, but query expects text.
+rollback;
+drop view tt14v;
+create view tt14v as select t.f1, t.f4 from tt14f() t;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt14v', true);
+         pg_get_viewdef         
+--------------------------------
+  SELECT t.f1,                 +
+     t.f4                      +
+    FROM tt14f() t(f1, f3, f4);
+(1 row)
+
+select * from tt14v;
+ f1  | f4 
+-----+----
+ foo | 42
+(1 row)
+
+alter table tt14t drop column f3;  -- ok
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt14v', true);
+       pg_get_viewdef       
+----------------------------
+  SELECT t.f1,             +
+     t.f4                  +
+    FROM tt14f() t(f1, f4);
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from tt14v;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on testviewschm2.tt14f t
+   Output: t.f1, t.f4
+   Function Call: tt14f()
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from tt14v;
+ f1  | f4 
+-----+----
+ foo | 42
+(1 row)
+
+-- check display of whole-row variables in some corner cases
+create type nestedcomposite as (x int8_tbl);
+create view tt15v as select row(i)::nestedcomposite from int8_tbl i;
+select * from tt15v;
+                   row                    
+------------------------------------------
+ ("(123,456)")
+ ("(123,4567890123456789)")
+ ("(4567890123456789,123)")
+ ("(4567890123456789,4567890123456789)")
+ ("(4567890123456789,-4567890123456789)")
+(5 rows)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt15v', true);
+                    pg_get_viewdef                    
+------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT ROW(i.*::int8_tbl)::nestedcomposite AS "row"+
+    FROM int8_tbl i;
+(1 row)
+
+select row(i.*::int8_tbl)::nestedcomposite from int8_tbl i;
+                   row                    
+------------------------------------------
+ ("(123,456)")
+ ("(123,4567890123456789)")
+ ("(4567890123456789,123)")
+ ("(4567890123456789,4567890123456789)")
+ ("(4567890123456789,-4567890123456789)")
+(5 rows)
+
+create view tt16v as select * from int8_tbl i, lateral(values(i)) ss;
+select * from tt16v;
+        q1        |        q2         |               column1                
+------------------+-------------------+--------------------------------------
+              123 |               456 | (123,456)
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | (123,4567890123456789)
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | (4567890123456789,123)
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | (4567890123456789,4567890123456789)
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | (4567890123456789,-4567890123456789)
+(5 rows)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt16v', true);
+              pg_get_viewdef               
+-------------------------------------------
+  SELECT i.q1,                            +
+     i.q2,                                +
+     ss.column1                           +
+    FROM int8_tbl i,                      +
+     LATERAL ( VALUES (i.*::int8_tbl)) ss;
+(1 row)
+
+select * from int8_tbl i, lateral(values(i.*::int8_tbl)) ss;
+        q1        |        q2         |               column1                
+------------------+-------------------+--------------------------------------
+              123 |               456 | (123,456)
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | (123,4567890123456789)
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | (4567890123456789,123)
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | (4567890123456789,4567890123456789)
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | (4567890123456789,-4567890123456789)
+(5 rows)
+
+create view tt17v as select * from int8_tbl i where i in (values(i));
+select * from tt17v;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt17v', true);
+               pg_get_viewdef                
+---------------------------------------------
+  SELECT i.q1,                              +
+     i.q2                                   +
+    FROM int8_tbl i                         +
+   WHERE (i.* IN ( VALUES (i.*::int8_tbl)));
+(1 row)
+
+select * from int8_tbl i where i.* in (values(i.*::int8_tbl));
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+create table tt15v_log(o tt15v, n tt15v, incr bool);
+create rule updlog as on update to tt15v do also
+  insert into tt15v_log values(old, new, row(old,old) < row(new,new));
+\d+ tt15v
+                             View "testviewschm2.tt15v"
+ Column |      Type       | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+-----------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ row    | nestedcomposite |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT ROW(i.*::int8_tbl)::nestedcomposite AS "row"
+   FROM int8_tbl i;
+Rules:
+ updlog AS
+    ON UPDATE TO tt15v DO  INSERT INTO tt15v_log (o, n, incr)
+  VALUES (old.*::tt15v, new.*::tt15v, (ROW(old.*::tt15v, old.*::tt15v) < ROW(new.*::tt15v, new.*::tt15v)))
+
+-- check unique-ification of overlength names
+create view tt18v as
+  select * from int8_tbl xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxy
+  union all
+  select * from int8_tbl xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxz;
+NOTICE:  identifier "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxy" will be truncated to "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+NOTICE:  identifier "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxz" will be truncated to "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt18v', true);
+                                  pg_get_viewdef                                   
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.q1,      +
+     xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.q2           +
+    FROM int8_tbl xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx +
+ UNION ALL                                                                        +
+  SELECT xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.q1,      +
+     xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.q2           +
+    FROM int8_tbl xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx;
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from tt18v;
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                         
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+   ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_1
+(3 rows)
+
+-- check display of ScalarArrayOp with a sub-select
+select 'foo'::text = any(array['abc','def','foo']::text[]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'foo'::text = any((select array['abc','def','foo']::text[]));  -- fail
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: text = text[]
+LINE 1: select 'foo'::text = any((select array['abc','def','foo']::t...
+                           ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select 'foo'::text = any((select array['abc','def','foo']::text[])::text[]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+create view tt19v as
+select 'foo'::text = any(array['abc','def','foo']::text[]) c1,
+       'foo'::text = any((select array['abc','def','foo']::text[])::text[]) c2;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt19v', true);
+                                               pg_get_viewdef                                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT 'foo'::text = ANY (ARRAY['abc'::text, 'def'::text, 'foo'::text]) AS c1,                           +
+     'foo'::text = ANY ((( SELECT ARRAY['abc'::text, 'def'::text, 'foo'::text] AS "array"))::text[]) AS c2;
+(1 row)
+
+-- check display of assorted RTE_FUNCTION expressions
+create view tt20v as
+select * from
+  coalesce(1,2) as c,
+  collation for ('x'::text) col,
+  current_date as d,
+  localtimestamp(3) as t,
+  cast(1+2 as int4) as i4,
+  cast(1+2 as int8) as i8;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt20v', true);
+               pg_get_viewdef                
+---------------------------------------------
+  SELECT c.c,                               +
+     col.col,                               +
+     d.d,                                   +
+     t.t,                                   +
+     i4.i4,                                 +
+     i8.i8                                  +
+    FROM COALESCE(1, 2) c(c),               +
+     COLLATION FOR ('x'::text) col(col),    +
+     CURRENT_DATE d(d),                     +
+     LOCALTIMESTAMP(3) t(t),                +
+     CAST(1 + 2 AS integer) i4(i4),         +
+     CAST((1 + 2)::bigint AS bigint) i8(i8);
+(1 row)
+
+-- reverse-listing of various special function syntaxes required by SQL
+create view tt201v as
+select
+  ('2022-12-01'::date + '1 day'::interval) at time zone 'UTC' as atz,
+  extract(day from now()) as extr,
+  (now(), '1 day'::interval) overlaps
+    (current_timestamp(2), '1 day'::interval) as o,
+  'foo' is normalized isn,
+  'foo' is nfkc normalized isnn,
+  normalize('foo') as n,
+  normalize('foo', nfkd) as nfkd,
+  overlay('foo' placing 'bar' from 2) as ovl,
+  overlay('foo' placing 'bar' from 2 for 3) as ovl2,
+  position('foo' in 'foobar') as p,
+  substring('foo' from 2 for 3) as s,
+  substring('foo' similar 'f' escape '#') as ss,
+  substring('foo' from 'oo') as ssf,  -- historically-permitted abuse
+  trim(' ' from ' foo ') as bt,
+  trim(leading ' ' from ' foo ') as lt,
+  trim(trailing ' foo ') as rt,
+  trim(E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea) as btb,
+  trim(leading E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea) as ltb,
+  trim(trailing E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea) as rtb;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt201v', true);
+                                        pg_get_viewdef                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT (('12-01-2022'::date + '@ 1 day'::interval) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'::text) AS atz,        +
+     EXTRACT(day FROM now()) AS extr,                                                         +
+     ((now(), '@ 1 day'::interval) OVERLAPS (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(2), '@ 1 day'::interval)) AS o,+
+     ('foo'::text IS NORMALIZED) AS isn,                                                      +
+     ('foo'::text IS NFKC NORMALIZED) AS isnn,                                                +
+     NORMALIZE('foo'::text) AS n,                                                             +
+     NORMALIZE('foo'::text, NFKD) AS nfkd,                                                    +
+     OVERLAY('foo'::text PLACING 'bar'::text FROM 2) AS ovl,                                  +
+     OVERLAY('foo'::text PLACING 'bar'::text FROM 2 FOR 3) AS ovl2,                           +
+     POSITION(('foo'::text) IN ('foobar'::text)) AS p,                                        +
+     SUBSTRING('foo'::text FROM 2 FOR 3) AS s,                                                +
+     SUBSTRING('foo'::text SIMILAR 'f'::text ESCAPE '#'::text) AS ss,                         +
+     "substring"('foo'::text, 'oo'::text) AS ssf,                                             +
+     TRIM(BOTH ' '::text FROM ' foo '::text) AS bt,                                           +
+     TRIM(LEADING ' '::text FROM ' foo '::text) AS lt,                                        +
+     TRIM(TRAILING FROM ' foo '::text) AS rt,                                                 +
+     TRIM(BOTH '\x00'::bytea FROM '\x00546f6d00'::bytea) AS btb,                              +
+     TRIM(LEADING '\x00'::bytea FROM '\x00546f6d00'::bytea) AS ltb,                           +
+     TRIM(TRAILING '\x00'::bytea FROM '\x00546f6d00'::bytea) AS rtb;
+(1 row)
+
+-- corner cases with empty join conditions
+create view tt21v as
+select * from tt5 natural inner join tt6;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt21v', true);
+    pg_get_viewdef    
+----------------------
+  SELECT tt5.a,      +
+     tt5.b,          +
+     tt5.cc,         +
+     tt6.c,          +
+     tt6.d           +
+    FROM tt5         +
+      CROSS JOIN tt6;
+(1 row)
+
+create view tt22v as
+select * from tt5 natural left join tt6;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt22v', true);
+       pg_get_viewdef        
+-----------------------------
+  SELECT tt5.a,             +
+     tt5.b,                 +
+     tt5.cc,                +
+     tt6.c,                 +
+     tt6.d                  +
+    FROM tt5                +
+      LEFT JOIN tt6 ON TRUE;
+(1 row)
+
+-- check handling of views with immediately-renamed columns
+create view tt23v (col_a, col_b) as
+select q1 as other_name1, q2 as other_name2 from int8_tbl
+union
+select 42, 43;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt23v', true);
+        pg_get_viewdef         
+-------------------------------
+  SELECT int8_tbl.q1 AS col_a,+
+     int8_tbl.q2 AS col_b     +
+    FROM int8_tbl             +
+ UNION                        +
+  SELECT 42 AS col_a,         +
+     43 AS col_b;
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_ruledef(oid, true) from pg_rewrite
+  where ev_class = 'tt23v'::regclass and ev_type = '1';
+                         pg_get_ruledef                          
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS                                       +
+     ON SELECT TO tt23v DO INSTEAD  SELECT int8_tbl.q1 AS col_a,+
+     int8_tbl.q2 AS col_b                                       +
+    FROM int8_tbl                                               +
+ UNION                                                          +
+  SELECT 42 AS col_a,                                           +
+     43 AS col_b;
+(1 row)
+
+-- test extraction of FieldSelect field names (get_name_for_var_field)
+create view tt24v as
+with cte as materialized (select r from (values(1,2),(3,4)) r)
+select (r).column2 as col_a, (rr).column2 as col_b from
+  cte join (select rr from (values(1,7),(3,8)) rr limit 2) ss
+  on (r).column1 = (rr).column1;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt24v', true);
+                       pg_get_viewdef                       
+------------------------------------------------------------
+  WITH cte AS MATERIALIZED (                               +
+          SELECT r.*::record AS r                          +
+            FROM ( VALUES (1,2), (3,4)) r                  +
+         )                                                 +
+  SELECT (cte.r).column2 AS col_a,                         +
+     (ss.rr).column2 AS col_b                              +
+    FROM cte                                               +
+      JOIN ( SELECT rr.*::record AS rr                     +
+            FROM ( VALUES (1,7), (3,8)) rr                 +
+          LIMIT 2) ss ON (cte.r).column1 = (ss.rr).column1;
+(1 row)
+
+create view tt25v as
+with cte as materialized (select pg_get_keywords() k)
+select (k).word from cte;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt25v', true);
+             pg_get_viewdef             
+----------------------------------------
+  WITH cte AS MATERIALIZED (           +
+          SELECT pg_get_keywords() AS k+
+         )                             +
+  SELECT (cte.k).word AS word          +
+    FROM cte;
+(1 row)
+
+-- also check cases seen only in EXPLAIN
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from tt24v;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                        
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Output: (cte.r).column2, ((ROW("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2))).column2
+   Hash Cond: (((ROW("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2))).column1 = (cte.r).column1)
+   CTE cte
+     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+           Output: ROW("*VALUES*_1".column1, "*VALUES*_1".column2)
+   ->  Limit
+         Output: (ROW("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2))
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               Output: ROW("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2)
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: cte.r
+         ->  CTE Scan on cte
+               Output: cte.r
+(14 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select (r).column2 from (select r from (values(1,2),(3,4)) r limit 1) ss;
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on ss
+   Output: (ss.r).column2
+   ->  Limit
+         Output: (ROW("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2))
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               Output: ROW("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2)
+(6 rows)
+
+-- test pretty-print parenthesization rules, and SubLink deparsing
+create view tt26v as
+select x + y + z as c1,
+       (x * y) + z as c2,
+       x + (y * z) as c3,
+       (x + y) * z as c4,
+       x * (y + z) as c5,
+       x + (y + z) as c6,
+       x + (y # z) as c7,
+       (x > y) AND (y > z OR x > z) as c8,
+       (x > y) OR (y > z AND NOT (x > z)) as c9,
+       (x,y) <> ALL (values(1,2),(3,4)) as c10,
+       (x,y) <= ANY (values(1,2),(3,4)) as c11
+from (values(1,2,3)) v(x,y,z);
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt26v', true);
+                     pg_get_viewdef                     
+--------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT v.x + v.y + v.z AS c1,                        +
+     v.x * v.y + v.z AS c2,                            +
+     v.x + v.y * v.z AS c3,                            +
+     (v.x + v.y) * v.z AS c4,                          +
+     v.x * (v.y + v.z) AS c5,                          +
+     v.x + (v.y + v.z) AS c6,                          +
+     v.x + (v.y # v.z) AS c7,                          +
+     v.x > v.y AND (v.y > v.z OR v.x > v.z) AS c8,     +
+     v.x > v.y OR v.y > v.z AND NOT v.x > v.z AS c9,   +
+     ((v.x, v.y) <> ALL ( VALUES (1,2), (3,4))) AS c10,+
+     ((v.x, v.y) <= ANY ( VALUES (1,2), (3,4))) AS c11 +
+    FROM ( VALUES (1,2,3)) v(x, y, z);
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test that changing the relkind of a relcache entry doesn't cause
+-- trouble. Prior instances of where it did:
+-- CALDaNm2yXz+zOtv7y5zBd5WKT8O0Ld3YxikuU3dcyCvxF7gypA@mail.gmail.com
+-- CALDaNm3oZA-8Wbps2Jd1g5_Gjrr-x3YWrJPek-mF5Asrrvz2Dg@mail.gmail.com
+CREATE TABLE tt26(c int);
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE tt27(c int);
+SAVEPOINT q;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO tt27 DO INSTEAD SELECT * FROM tt26;
+SELECT * FROM tt27;
+ c 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO tt27 DO INSTEAD SELECT * FROM tt26;
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE tt28(c int);
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO tt28 DO INSTEAD SELECT * FROM tt26;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO tt28 DO INSTEAD SELECT * FROM tt26;
+ERROR:  "tt28" is already a view
+ROLLBACK;
+-- clean up all the random objects we made above
+DROP SCHEMA temp_view_test CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 27 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table temp_view_test.base_table
+drop cascades to view v2_temp
+drop cascades to view v4_temp
+drop cascades to view v6_temp
+drop cascades to view v7_temp
+drop cascades to view v10_temp
+drop cascades to view v8_temp
+drop cascades to view v9_temp
+drop cascades to view v11_temp
+drop cascades to view v12_temp
+drop cascades to table temp_view_test.base_table2
+drop cascades to view v5_temp
+drop cascades to view temp_view_test.v1
+drop cascades to view temp_view_test.v2
+drop cascades to view temp_view_test.v3
+drop cascades to view temp_view_test.v4
+drop cascades to view temp_view_test.v5
+drop cascades to view temp_view_test.v6
+drop cascades to view temp_view_test.v7
+drop cascades to view temp_view_test.v8
+drop cascades to sequence temp_view_test.seq1
+drop cascades to view temp_view_test.v9
+drop cascades to table temp_view_test.tx1
+drop cascades to view aliased_view_1
+drop cascades to view aliased_view_2
+drop cascades to view aliased_view_3
+drop cascades to view aliased_view_4
+DROP SCHEMA testviewschm2 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 78 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table t1
+drop cascades to view temporal1
+drop cascades to view temporal2
+drop cascades to view temporal3
+drop cascades to view temporal4
+drop cascades to table t2
+drop cascades to view nontemp1
+drop cascades to view nontemp2
+drop cascades to view nontemp3
+drop cascades to view nontemp4
+drop cascades to table tbl1
+drop cascades to table tbl2
+drop cascades to table tbl3
+drop cascades to table tbl4
+drop cascades to view mytempview
+drop cascades to view pubview
+drop cascades to view mysecview1
+drop cascades to view mysecview2
+drop cascades to view mysecview3
+drop cascades to view mysecview4
+drop cascades to view mysecview7
+drop cascades to view mysecview8
+drop cascades to view mysecview9
+drop cascades to view unspecified_types
+drop cascades to table tt1
+drop cascades to table tx1
+drop cascades to view view_of_joins
+drop cascades to table tbl1a
+drop cascades to view view_of_joins_2a
+drop cascades to view view_of_joins_2b
+drop cascades to view view_of_joins_2c
+drop cascades to view view_of_joins_2d
+drop cascades to table tt2
+drop cascades to table tt3
+drop cascades to table tt4
+drop cascades to view v1
+drop cascades to view v1a
+drop cascades to view v2
+drop cascades to view v2a
+drop cascades to view v3
+drop cascades to table tt5
+drop cascades to table tt6
+drop cascades to view vv1
+drop cascades to view v4
+drop cascades to table tt7
+drop cascades to table tt8
+drop cascades to view vv2
+drop cascades to view vv3
+drop cascades to view vv4
+drop cascades to table tt7a
+drop cascades to table tt8a
+drop cascades to view vv2a
+drop cascades to table tt9
+drop cascades to table tt10
+drop cascades to view vv5
+drop cascades to table tt11
+drop cascades to table tt12
+drop cascades to table tt13
+drop cascades to view vv6
+drop cascades to table tt14t
+drop cascades to function tt14f()
+drop cascades to view tt14v
+drop cascades to type nestedcomposite
+drop cascades to view tt15v
+drop cascades to view tt16v
+drop cascades to view tt17v
+drop cascades to table tt15v_log
+drop cascades to view tt18v
+drop cascades to view tt19v
+drop cascades to view tt20v
+drop cascades to view tt201v
+drop cascades to view tt21v
+drop cascades to view tt22v
+drop cascades to view tt23v
+drop cascades to view tt24v
+drop cascades to view tt25v
+drop cascades to view tt26v
+drop cascades to table tt26
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/date.out b/src/test/regress/expected/date.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75ff659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/date.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1497 @@
+--
+-- DATE
+--
+CREATE TABLE DATE_TBL (f1 date);
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1957-04-09');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1957-06-13');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1996-02-28');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1996-02-29');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1996-03-01');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1996-03-02');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-28');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-29');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "1997-02-29"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-29');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1997-03-01');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1997-03-02');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2000-04-01');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2000-04-02');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2000-04-03');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2038-04-08');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2039-04-09');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2040-04-10');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2040-04-10 BC');
+SELECT f1 FROM DATE_TBL;
+      f1       
+---------------
+ 04-09-1957
+ 06-13-1957
+ 02-28-1996
+ 02-29-1996
+ 03-01-1996
+ 03-02-1996
+ 02-28-1997
+ 03-01-1997
+ 03-02-1997
+ 04-01-2000
+ 04-02-2000
+ 04-03-2000
+ 04-08-2038
+ 04-09-2039
+ 04-10-2040
+ 04-10-2040 BC
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 FROM DATE_TBL WHERE f1 < '2000-01-01';
+      f1       
+---------------
+ 04-09-1957
+ 06-13-1957
+ 02-28-1996
+ 02-29-1996
+ 03-01-1996
+ 03-02-1996
+ 02-28-1997
+ 03-01-1997
+ 03-02-1997
+ 04-10-2040 BC
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 FROM DATE_TBL
+  WHERE f1 BETWEEN '2000-01-01' AND '2001-01-01';
+     f1     
+------------
+ 04-01-2000
+ 04-02-2000
+ 04-03-2000
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check all the documented input formats
+--
+SET datestyle TO iso;  -- display results in ISO
+SET datestyle TO ymd;
+SELECT date 'January 8, 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999-01-18';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-18
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1/8/1999';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "1/8/1999"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '1/8/1999';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1/18/1999';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "1/18/1999"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '1/18/1999';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '18/1/1999';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "18/1/1999"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '18/1/1999';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '01/02/03';
+    date    
+------------
+ 2001-02-03
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '19990108';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '990108';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999.008';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'J2451187';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'January 8, 99 BC';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "January 8, 99 BC"
+LINE 1: SELECT date 'January 8, 99 BC';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '99-Jan-08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999-Jan-08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08-Jan-99';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "08-Jan-99"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '08-Jan-99';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '08-Jan-1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-99';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "Jan-08-99"
+LINE 1: SELECT date 'Jan-08-99';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99-08-Jan';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type date: "99-08-Jan"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99-08-Jan';
+                    ^
+SELECT date '1999-08-Jan';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type date: "1999-08-Jan"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '1999-08-Jan';
+                    ^
+SELECT date '99 Jan 08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999 Jan 08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08 Jan 99';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "08 Jan 99"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '08 Jan 99';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '08 Jan 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 99';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "Jan 08 99"
+LINE 1: SELECT date 'Jan 08 99';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99 08 Jan';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999 08 Jan';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99-01-08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08-01-99';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "08-01-99"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '08-01-99';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '08-01-1999';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "08-01-1999"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '08-01-1999';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '01-08-99';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "01-08-99"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '01-08-99';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '01-08-1999';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "01-08-1999"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '01-08-1999';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '99-08-01';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999-08-01';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99 01 08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999 01 08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08 01 99';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "08 01 99"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '08 01 99';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '08 01 1999';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "08 01 1999"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '08 01 1999';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '01 08 99';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "01 08 99"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '01 08 99';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '01 08 1999';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "01 08 1999"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '01 08 1999';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '99 08 01';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999 08 01';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SET datestyle TO dmy;
+SELECT date 'January 8, 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999-01-18';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-18
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1/8/1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1/18/1999';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "1/18/1999"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '1/18/1999';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '18/1/1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-18
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '01/02/03';
+    date    
+------------
+ 2003-02-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '19990108';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '990108';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999.008';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'J2451187';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'January 8, 99 BC';
+     date      
+---------------
+ 0099-01-08 BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99-Jan-08';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "99-Jan-08"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99-Jan-08';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1999-Jan-08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08-Jan-99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08-Jan-1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99-08-Jan';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type date: "99-08-Jan"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99-08-Jan';
+                    ^
+SELECT date '1999-08-Jan';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type date: "1999-08-Jan"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '1999-08-Jan';
+                    ^
+SELECT date '99 Jan 08';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "99 Jan 08"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99 Jan 08';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1999 Jan 08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08 Jan 99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08 Jan 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99 08 Jan';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type date: "99 08 Jan"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99 08 Jan';
+                    ^
+SELECT date '1999 08 Jan';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99-01-08';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "99-01-08"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99-01-08';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08-01-99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08-01-1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '01-08-99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '01-08-1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99-08-01';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "99-08-01"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99-08-01';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1999-08-01';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99 01 08';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "99 01 08"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99 01 08';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1999 01 08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08 01 99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08 01 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '01 08 99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '01 08 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99 08 01';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "99 08 01"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99 08 01';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1999 08 01';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SET datestyle TO mdy;
+SELECT date 'January 8, 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999-01-18';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-18
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1/8/1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1/18/1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-18
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '18/1/1999';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "18/1/1999"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '18/1/1999';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '01/02/03';
+    date    
+------------
+ 2003-01-02
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '19990108';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '990108';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1999.008';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'J2451187';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'January 8, 99 BC';
+     date      
+---------------
+ 0099-01-08 BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99-Jan-08';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "99-Jan-08"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99-Jan-08';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1999-Jan-08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08-Jan-99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08-Jan-1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99-08-Jan';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type date: "99-08-Jan"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99-08-Jan';
+                    ^
+SELECT date '1999-08-Jan';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type date: "1999-08-Jan"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '1999-08-Jan';
+                    ^
+SELECT date '99 Jan 08';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type date: "99 Jan 08"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99 Jan 08';
+                    ^
+SELECT date '1999 Jan 08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08 Jan 99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08 Jan 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99 08 Jan';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type date: "99 08 Jan"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99 08 Jan';
+                    ^
+SELECT date '1999 08 Jan';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99-01-08';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "99-01-08"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99-01-08';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08-01-99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08-01-1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '01-08-99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '01-08-1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99-08-01';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "99-08-01"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99-08-01';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1999-08-01';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99 01 08';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "99 01 08"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99 01 08';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1999 01 08';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08 01 99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '08 01 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '01 08 99';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '01 08 1999';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-01-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '99 08 01';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "99 08 01"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '99 08 01';
+                    ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+SELECT date '1999 08 01';
+    date    
+------------
+ 1999-08-01
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check upper and lower limits of date range
+SELECT date '4714-11-24 BC';
+     date      
+---------------
+ 4714-11-24 BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '4714-11-23 BC';  -- out of range
+ERROR:  date out of range: "4714-11-23 BC"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '4714-11-23 BC';
+                    ^
+SELECT date '5874897-12-31';
+     date      
+---------------
+ 5874897-12-31
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '5874898-01-01';  -- out of range
+ERROR:  date out of range: "5874898-01-01"
+LINE 1: SELECT date '5874898-01-01';
+                    ^
+RESET datestyle;
+--
+-- Simple math
+-- Leave most of it for the horology tests
+--
+SELECT f1 - date '2000-01-01' AS "Days From 2K" FROM DATE_TBL;
+ Days From 2K 
+--------------
+       -15607
+       -15542
+        -1403
+        -1402
+        -1401
+        -1400
+        -1037
+        -1036
+        -1035
+           91
+           92
+           93
+        13977
+        14343
+        14710
+     -1475115
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 - date 'epoch' AS "Days From Epoch" FROM DATE_TBL;
+ Days From Epoch 
+-----------------
+           -4650
+           -4585
+            9554
+            9555
+            9556
+            9557
+            9920
+            9921
+            9922
+           11048
+           11049
+           11050
+           24934
+           25300
+           25667
+        -1464158
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT date 'yesterday' - date 'today' AS "One day";
+ One day 
+---------
+      -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'today' - date 'tomorrow' AS "One day";
+ One day 
+---------
+      -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'yesterday' - date 'tomorrow' AS "Two days";
+ Two days 
+----------
+       -2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'tomorrow' - date 'today' AS "One day";
+ One day 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'today' - date 'yesterday' AS "One day";
+ One day 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'tomorrow' - date 'yesterday' AS "Two days";
+ Two days 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test extract!
+--
+SELECT f1 as "date",
+    date_part('year', f1) AS year,
+    date_part('month', f1) AS month,
+    date_part('day', f1) AS day,
+    date_part('quarter', f1) AS quarter,
+    date_part('decade', f1) AS decade,
+    date_part('century', f1) AS century,
+    date_part('millennium', f1) AS millennium,
+    date_part('isoyear', f1) AS isoyear,
+    date_part('week', f1) AS week,
+    date_part('dow', f1) AS dow,
+    date_part('isodow', f1) AS isodow,
+    date_part('doy', f1) AS doy,
+    date_part('julian', f1) AS julian,
+    date_part('epoch', f1) AS epoch
+    FROM date_tbl;
+     date      | year  | month | day | quarter | decade | century | millennium | isoyear | week | dow | isodow | doy | julian  |     epoch     
+---------------+-------+-------+-----+---------+--------+---------+------------+---------+------+-----+--------+-----+---------+---------------
+ 04-09-1957    |  1957 |     4 |   9 |       2 |    195 |      20 |          2 |    1957 |   15 |   2 |      2 |  99 | 2435938 |    -401760000
+ 06-13-1957    |  1957 |     6 |  13 |       2 |    195 |      20 |          2 |    1957 |   24 |   4 |      4 | 164 | 2436003 |    -396144000
+ 02-28-1996    |  1996 |     2 |  28 |       1 |    199 |      20 |          2 |    1996 |    9 |   3 |      3 |  59 | 2450142 |     825465600
+ 02-29-1996    |  1996 |     2 |  29 |       1 |    199 |      20 |          2 |    1996 |    9 |   4 |      4 |  60 | 2450143 |     825552000
+ 03-01-1996    |  1996 |     3 |   1 |       1 |    199 |      20 |          2 |    1996 |    9 |   5 |      5 |  61 | 2450144 |     825638400
+ 03-02-1996    |  1996 |     3 |   2 |       1 |    199 |      20 |          2 |    1996 |    9 |   6 |      6 |  62 | 2450145 |     825724800
+ 02-28-1997    |  1997 |     2 |  28 |       1 |    199 |      20 |          2 |    1997 |    9 |   5 |      5 |  59 | 2450508 |     857088000
+ 03-01-1997    |  1997 |     3 |   1 |       1 |    199 |      20 |          2 |    1997 |    9 |   6 |      6 |  60 | 2450509 |     857174400
+ 03-02-1997    |  1997 |     3 |   2 |       1 |    199 |      20 |          2 |    1997 |    9 |   0 |      7 |  61 | 2450510 |     857260800
+ 04-01-2000    |  2000 |     4 |   1 |       2 |    200 |      20 |          2 |    2000 |   13 |   6 |      6 |  92 | 2451636 |     954547200
+ 04-02-2000    |  2000 |     4 |   2 |       2 |    200 |      20 |          2 |    2000 |   13 |   0 |      7 |  93 | 2451637 |     954633600
+ 04-03-2000    |  2000 |     4 |   3 |       2 |    200 |      20 |          2 |    2000 |   14 |   1 |      1 |  94 | 2451638 |     954720000
+ 04-08-2038    |  2038 |     4 |   8 |       2 |    203 |      21 |          3 |    2038 |   14 |   4 |      4 |  98 | 2465522 |    2154297600
+ 04-09-2039    |  2039 |     4 |   9 |       2 |    203 |      21 |          3 |    2039 |   14 |   6 |      6 |  99 | 2465888 |    2185920000
+ 04-10-2040    |  2040 |     4 |  10 |       2 |    204 |      21 |          3 |    2040 |   15 |   2 |      2 | 101 | 2466255 |    2217628800
+ 04-10-2040 BC | -2040 |     4 |  10 |       2 |   -204 |     -21 |         -3 |   -2040 |   15 |   1 |      1 | 100 |  976430 | -126503251200
+(16 rows)
+
+--
+-- epoch
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM DATE        '1970-01-01');     --  0
+ extract 
+---------
+       0
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- century
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '0101-12-31 BC'); -- -2
+ extract 
+---------
+      -2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '0100-12-31 BC'); -- -1
+ extract 
+---------
+      -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '0001-12-31 BC'); -- -1
+ extract 
+---------
+      -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '0001-01-01');    --  1
+ extract 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '0001-01-01 AD'); --  1
+ extract 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '1900-12-31');    -- 19
+ extract 
+---------
+      19
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '1901-01-01');    -- 20
+ extract 
+---------
+      20
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '2000-12-31');    -- 20
+ extract 
+---------
+      20
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '2001-01-01');    -- 21
+ extract 
+---------
+      21
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM CURRENT_DATE)>=21 AS True;     -- true
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- millennium
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '0001-12-31 BC'); -- -1
+ extract 
+---------
+      -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '0001-01-01 AD'); --  1
+ extract 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '1000-12-31');    --  1
+ extract 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '1001-01-01');    --  2
+ extract 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '2000-12-31');    --  2
+ extract 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '2001-01-01');    --  3
+ extract 
+---------
+       3
+(1 row)
+
+-- next test to be fixed on the turn of the next millennium;-)
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM CURRENT_DATE);         --  3
+ extract 
+---------
+       3
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- decade
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '1994-12-25');    -- 199
+ extract 
+---------
+     199
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0010-01-01');    --   1
+ extract 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0009-12-31');    --   0
+ extract 
+---------
+       0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0001-01-01 BC'); --   0
+ extract 
+---------
+       0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0002-12-31 BC'); --  -1
+ extract 
+---------
+      -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0011-01-01 BC'); --  -1
+ extract 
+---------
+      -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0012-12-31 BC'); --  -2
+ extract 
+---------
+      -2
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- all possible fields
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(MICROSECONDS  FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ERROR:  unit "microseconds" not supported for type date
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLISECONDS  FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ERROR:  unit "milliseconds" not supported for type date
+SELECT EXTRACT(SECOND        FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ERROR:  unit "second" not supported for type date
+SELECT EXTRACT(MINUTE        FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ERROR:  unit "minute" not supported for type date
+SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR          FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ERROR:  unit "hour" not supported for type date
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY           FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+      11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH         FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+       8
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR          FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+    2020
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR          FROM DATE '2020-08-11 BC');
+ extract 
+---------
+   -2020
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE        FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+     202
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY       FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+      21
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM    FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+       3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISOYEAR       FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+    2020
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISOYEAR       FROM DATE '2020-08-11 BC');
+ extract 
+---------
+   -2020
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(QUARTER       FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+       3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(WEEK          FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+      33
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DOW           FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DOW           FROM DATE '2020-08-16');
+ extract 
+---------
+       0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISODOW        FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISODOW        FROM DATE '2020-08-16');
+ extract 
+---------
+       7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DOY           FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+     224
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE      FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ERROR:  unit "timezone" not supported for type date
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_M    FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ERROR:  unit "timezone_m" not supported for type date
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_H    FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ERROR:  unit "timezone_h" not supported for type date
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH         FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+  extract   
+------------
+ 1597104000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(JULIAN        FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+ extract 
+---------
+ 2459073
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test trunc function!
+--
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('MILLENNIUM', TIMESTAMP '1970-03-20 04:30:00.00000'); -- 1001
+        date_trunc        
+--------------------------
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1001
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('MILLENNIUM', DATE '1970-03-20'); -- 1001-01-01
+          date_trunc          
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('CENTURY', TIMESTAMP '1970-03-20 04:30:00.00000'); -- 1901
+        date_trunc        
+--------------------------
+ Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 1901
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('CENTURY', DATE '1970-03-20'); -- 1901
+          date_trunc          
+------------------------------
+ Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 1901 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('CENTURY', DATE '2004-08-10'); -- 2001-01-01
+          date_trunc          
+------------------------------
+ Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('CENTURY', DATE '0002-02-04'); -- 0001-01-01
+          date_trunc          
+------------------------------
+ Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 0001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('CENTURY', DATE '0055-08-10 BC'); -- 0100-01-01 BC
+           date_trunc            
+---------------------------------
+ Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 0100 PST BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('DECADE', DATE '1993-12-25'); -- 1990-01-01
+          date_trunc          
+------------------------------
+ Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 1990 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('DECADE', DATE '0004-12-25'); -- 0001-01-01 BC
+           date_trunc            
+---------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 0001 PST BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('DECADE', DATE '0002-12-31 BC'); -- 0011-01-01 BC
+           date_trunc            
+---------------------------------
+ Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 0011 PST BC
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test infinity
+--
+select 'infinity'::date, '-infinity'::date;
+   date   |   date    
+----------+-----------
+ infinity | -infinity
+(1 row)
+
+select 'infinity'::date > 'today'::date as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select '-infinity'::date < 'today'::date as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select isfinite('infinity'::date), isfinite('-infinity'::date), isfinite('today'::date);
+ isfinite | isfinite | isfinite 
+----------+----------+----------
+ f        | f        | t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- oscillating fields from non-finite date:
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY FROM DATE 'infinity');      -- NULL
+ extract 
+---------
+        
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY FROM DATE '-infinity');     -- NULL
+ extract 
+---------
+        
+(1 row)
+
+-- all supported fields
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY           FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+ extract 
+---------
+        
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH         FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+ extract 
+---------
+        
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(QUARTER       FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+ extract 
+---------
+        
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(WEEK          FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+ extract 
+---------
+        
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DOW           FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+ extract 
+---------
+        
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISODOW        FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+ extract 
+---------
+        
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DOY           FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+ extract 
+---------
+        
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- monotonic fields from non-finite date:
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM DATE 'infinity');         --  Infinity
+ extract  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM DATE '-infinity');        -- -Infinity
+  extract  
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+-- all supported fields
+SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR       FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+ extract  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE     FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+ extract  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY    FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+ extract  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+ extract  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(JULIAN     FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+ extract  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISOYEAR    FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+ extract  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH      FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+ extract  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- wrong fields from non-finite date:
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(MICROSEC  FROM DATE 'infinity');     -- error
+ERROR:  unit "microsec" not recognized for type date
+-- test constructors
+select make_date(2013, 7, 15);
+ make_date  
+------------
+ 07-15-2013
+(1 row)
+
+select make_date(-44, 3, 15);
+   make_date   
+---------------
+ 03-15-0044 BC
+(1 row)
+
+select make_time(8, 20, 0.0);
+ make_time 
+-----------
+ 08:20:00
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+select make_date(0, 7, 15);
+ERROR:  date field value out of range: 0-07-15
+select make_date(2013, 2, 30);
+ERROR:  date field value out of range: 2013-02-30
+select make_date(2013, 13, 1);
+ERROR:  date field value out of range: 2013-13-01
+select make_date(2013, 11, -1);
+ERROR:  date field value out of range: 2013-11--1
+select make_time(10, 55, 100.1);
+ERROR:  time field value out of range: 10:55:100.1
+select make_time(24, 0, 2.1);
+ERROR:  time field value out of range: 24:00:2.1
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/dbsize.out b/src/test/regress/expected/dbsize.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8d6686
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/dbsize.out
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+SELECT size, pg_size_pretty(size), pg_size_pretty(-1 * size) FROM
+    (VALUES (10::bigint), (1000::bigint), (1000000::bigint),
+            (1000000000::bigint), (1000000000000::bigint),
+            (1000000000000000::bigint)) x(size);
+       size       | pg_size_pretty | pg_size_pretty 
+------------------+----------------+----------------
+               10 | 10 bytes       | -10 bytes
+             1000 | 1000 bytes     | -1000 bytes
+          1000000 | 977 kB         | -977 kB
+       1000000000 | 954 MB         | -954 MB
+    1000000000000 | 931 GB         | -931 GB
+ 1000000000000000 | 909 TB         | -909 TB
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT size, pg_size_pretty(size), pg_size_pretty(-1 * size) FROM
+    (VALUES (10::numeric), (1000::numeric), (1000000::numeric),
+            (1000000000::numeric), (1000000000000::numeric),
+            (1000000000000000::numeric),
+            (10.5::numeric), (1000.5::numeric), (1000000.5::numeric),
+            (1000000000.5::numeric), (1000000000000.5::numeric),
+            (1000000000000000.5::numeric)) x(size);
+        size        | pg_size_pretty | pg_size_pretty 
+--------------------+----------------+----------------
+                 10 | 10 bytes       | -10 bytes
+               1000 | 1000 bytes     | -1000 bytes
+            1000000 | 977 kB         | -977 kB
+         1000000000 | 954 MB         | -954 MB
+      1000000000000 | 931 GB         | -931 GB
+   1000000000000000 | 909 TB         | -909 TB
+               10.5 | 10.5 bytes     | -10.5 bytes
+             1000.5 | 1000.5 bytes   | -1000.5 bytes
+          1000000.5 | 977 kB         | -977 kB
+       1000000000.5 | 954 MB         | -954 MB
+    1000000000000.5 | 931 GB         | -931 GB
+ 1000000000000000.5 | 909 TB         | -909 TB
+(12 rows)
+
+-- test where units change up
+SELECT size, pg_size_pretty(size), pg_size_pretty(-1 * size) FROM
+    (VALUES (10239::bigint), (10240::bigint),
+            (10485247::bigint), (10485248::bigint),
+            (10736893951::bigint), (10736893952::bigint),
+            (10994579406847::bigint), (10994579406848::bigint),
+            (11258449312612351::bigint), (11258449312612352::bigint)) x(size);
+       size        | pg_size_pretty | pg_size_pretty 
+-------------------+----------------+----------------
+             10239 | 10239 bytes    | -10239 bytes
+             10240 | 10 kB          | -10 kB
+          10485247 | 10239 kB       | -10239 kB
+          10485248 | 10 MB          | -10 MB
+       10736893951 | 10239 MB       | -10239 MB
+       10736893952 | 10 GB          | -10 GB
+    10994579406847 | 10239 GB       | -10239 GB
+    10994579406848 | 10 TB          | -10 TB
+ 11258449312612351 | 10239 TB       | -10239 TB
+ 11258449312612352 | 10 PB          | -10 PB
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT size, pg_size_pretty(size), pg_size_pretty(-1 * size) FROM
+    (VALUES (10239::numeric), (10240::numeric),
+            (10485247::numeric), (10485248::numeric),
+            (10736893951::numeric), (10736893952::numeric),
+            (10994579406847::numeric), (10994579406848::numeric),
+            (11258449312612351::numeric), (11258449312612352::numeric),
+            (11528652096115048447::numeric), (11528652096115048448::numeric)) x(size);
+         size         | pg_size_pretty | pg_size_pretty 
+----------------------+----------------+----------------
+                10239 | 10239 bytes    | -10239 bytes
+                10240 | 10 kB          | -10 kB
+             10485247 | 10239 kB       | -10239 kB
+             10485248 | 10 MB          | -10 MB
+          10736893951 | 10239 MB       | -10239 MB
+          10736893952 | 10 GB          | -10 GB
+       10994579406847 | 10239 GB       | -10239 GB
+       10994579406848 | 10 TB          | -10 TB
+    11258449312612351 | 10239 TB       | -10239 TB
+    11258449312612352 | 10 PB          | -10 PB
+ 11528652096115048447 | 10239 PB       | -10239 PB
+ 11528652096115048448 | 10240 PB       | -10240 PB
+(12 rows)
+
+-- pg_size_bytes() tests
+SELECT size, pg_size_bytes(size) FROM
+    (VALUES ('1'), ('123bytes'), ('1kB'), ('1MB'), (' 1 GB'), ('1.5 GB '),
+            ('1TB'), ('3000 TB'), ('1e6 MB'), ('99 PB')) x(size);
+   size   |   pg_size_bytes    
+----------+--------------------
+ 1        |                  1
+ 123bytes |                123
+ 1kB      |               1024
+ 1MB      |            1048576
+  1 GB    |         1073741824
+ 1.5 GB   |         1610612736
+ 1TB      |      1099511627776
+ 3000 TB  |   3298534883328000
+ 1e6 MB   |      1048576000000
+ 99 PB    | 111464090777419776
+(10 rows)
+
+-- case-insensitive units are supported
+SELECT size, pg_size_bytes(size) FROM
+    (VALUES ('1'), ('123bYteS'), ('1kb'), ('1mb'), (' 1 Gb'), ('1.5 gB '),
+            ('1tb'), ('3000 tb'), ('1e6 mb'), ('99 pb')) x(size);
+   size   |   pg_size_bytes    
+----------+--------------------
+ 1        |                  1
+ 123bYteS |                123
+ 1kb      |               1024
+ 1mb      |            1048576
+  1 Gb    |         1073741824
+ 1.5 gB   |         1610612736
+ 1tb      |      1099511627776
+ 3000 tb  |   3298534883328000
+ 1e6 mb   |      1048576000000
+ 99 pb    | 111464090777419776
+(10 rows)
+
+-- negative numbers are supported
+SELECT size, pg_size_bytes(size) FROM
+    (VALUES ('-1'), ('-123bytes'), ('-1kb'), ('-1mb'), (' -1 Gb'), ('-1.5 gB '),
+            ('-1tb'), ('-3000 TB'), ('-10e-1 MB'), ('-99 PB')) x(size);
+   size    |    pg_size_bytes    
+-----------+---------------------
+ -1        |                  -1
+ -123bytes |                -123
+ -1kb      |               -1024
+ -1mb      |            -1048576
+  -1 Gb    |         -1073741824
+ -1.5 gB   |         -1610612736
+ -1tb      |      -1099511627776
+ -3000 TB  |   -3298534883328000
+ -10e-1 MB |            -1048576
+ -99 PB    | -111464090777419776
+(10 rows)
+
+-- different cases with allowed points
+SELECT size, pg_size_bytes(size) FROM
+     (VALUES ('-1.'), ('-1.kb'), ('-1. kb'), ('-0. gb'),
+             ('-.1'), ('-.1kb'), ('-.1 kb'), ('-.0 gb')) x(size);
+  size  | pg_size_bytes 
+--------+---------------
+ -1.    |            -1
+ -1.kb  |         -1024
+ -1. kb |         -1024
+ -0. gb |             0
+ -.1    |             0
+ -.1kb  |          -102
+ -.1 kb |          -102
+ -.0 gb |             0
+(8 rows)
+
+-- invalid inputs
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1 AB');
+ERROR:  invalid size: "1 AB"
+DETAIL:  Invalid size unit: "AB".
+HINT:  Valid units are "bytes", "kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", and "PB".
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1 AB A');
+ERROR:  invalid size: "1 AB A"
+DETAIL:  Invalid size unit: "AB A".
+HINT:  Valid units are "bytes", "kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", and "PB".
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1 AB A    ');
+ERROR:  invalid size: "1 AB A    "
+DETAIL:  Invalid size unit: "AB A".
+HINT:  Valid units are "bytes", "kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", and "PB".
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('9223372036854775807.9');
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1e100');
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1e1000000000000000000');
+ERROR:  value overflows numeric format
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1 byte');  -- the singular "byte" is not supported
+ERROR:  invalid size: "1 byte"
+DETAIL:  Invalid size unit: "byte".
+HINT:  Valid units are "bytes", "kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", and "PB".
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('');
+ERROR:  invalid size: ""
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('kb');
+ERROR:  invalid size: "kb"
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('..');
+ERROR:  invalid size: ".."
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('-.');
+ERROR:  invalid size: "-."
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('-.kb');
+ERROR:  invalid size: "-.kb"
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('-. kb');
+ERROR:  invalid size: "-. kb"
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('.+912');
+ERROR:  invalid size: ".+912"
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('+912+ kB');
+ERROR:  invalid size: "+912+ kB"
+DETAIL:  Invalid size unit: "+ kB".
+HINT:  Valid units are "bytes", "kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", and "PB".
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('++123 kB');
+ERROR:  invalid size: "++123 kB"
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/delete.out b/src/test/regress/expected/delete.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7eb328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/delete.out
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+CREATE TABLE delete_test (
+    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    a INT,
+    b text
+);
+INSERT INTO delete_test (a) VALUES (10);
+INSERT INTO delete_test (a, b) VALUES (50, repeat('x', 10000));
+INSERT INTO delete_test (a) VALUES (100);
+-- allow an alias to be specified for DELETE's target table
+DELETE FROM delete_test AS dt WHERE dt.a > 75;
+-- if an alias is specified, don't allow the original table name
+-- to be referenced
+DELETE FROM delete_test dt WHERE delete_test.a > 25;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "delete_test"
+LINE 1: DELETE FROM delete_test dt WHERE delete_test.a > 25;
+                                         ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the table alias "dt".
+SELECT id, a, char_length(b) FROM delete_test;
+ id | a  | char_length 
+----+----+-------------
+  1 | 10 |            
+  2 | 50 |       10000
+(2 rows)
+
+-- delete a row with a TOASTed value
+DELETE FROM delete_test WHERE a > 25;
+SELECT id, a, char_length(b) FROM delete_test;
+ id | a  | char_length 
+----+----+-------------
+  1 | 10 |            
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE delete_test;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/dependency.out b/src/test/regress/expected/dependency.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8232795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/dependency.out
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+--
+-- DEPENDENCIES
+--
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user;
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user2;
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user3;
+CREATE GROUP regress_dep_group;
+CREATE TABLE deptest (f1 serial primary key, f2 text);
+GRANT SELECT ON TABLE deptest TO GROUP regress_dep_group;
+GRANT ALL ON TABLE deptest TO regress_dep_user, regress_dep_user2;
+-- can't drop neither because they have privileges somewhere
+DROP USER regress_dep_user;
+ERROR:  role "regress_dep_user" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  privileges for table deptest
+DROP GROUP regress_dep_group;
+ERROR:  role "regress_dep_group" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  privileges for table deptest
+-- if we revoke the privileges we can drop the group
+REVOKE SELECT ON deptest FROM GROUP regress_dep_group;
+DROP GROUP regress_dep_group;
+-- can't drop the user if we revoke the privileges partially
+REVOKE SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, REFERENCES ON deptest FROM regress_dep_user;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user;
+ERROR:  role "regress_dep_user" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  privileges for table deptest
+-- now we are OK to drop him
+REVOKE TRIGGER ON deptest FROM regress_dep_user;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user;
+-- we are OK too if we drop the privileges all at once
+REVOKE ALL ON deptest FROM regress_dep_user2;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user2;
+-- can't drop the owner of an object
+-- the error message detail here would include a pg_toast_nnn name that
+-- is not constant, so suppress it
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+ALTER TABLE deptest OWNER TO regress_dep_user3;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user3;
+ERROR:  role "regress_dep_user3" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- if we drop the object, we can drop the user too
+DROP TABLE deptest;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user3;
+-- Test DROP OWNED
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user0;
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user1;
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_dep_user0;
+-- permission denied
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user1;
+ERROR:  permission denied to drop objects
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user0, regress_dep_user2;
+ERROR:  permission denied to drop objects
+REASSIGN OWNED BY regress_dep_user0 TO regress_dep_user1;
+ERROR:  permission denied to reassign objects
+REASSIGN OWNED BY regress_dep_user1 TO regress_dep_user0;
+ERROR:  permission denied to reassign objects
+-- this one is allowed
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user0;
+CREATE TABLE deptest1 (f1 int unique);
+GRANT ALL ON deptest1 TO regress_dep_user1 WITH GRANT OPTION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_dep_user1;
+CREATE TABLE deptest (a serial primary key, b text);
+GRANT ALL ON deptest1 TO regress_dep_user2;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+\z deptest1
+                                               Access privileges
+ Schema |   Name   | Type  |                 Access privileges                  | Column privileges | Policies 
+--------+----------+-------+----------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------
+ public | deptest1 | table | regress_dep_user0=arwdDxt/regress_dep_user0       +|                   | 
+        |          |       | regress_dep_user1=a*r*w*d*D*x*t*/regress_dep_user0+|                   | 
+        |          |       | regress_dep_user2=arwdDxt/regress_dep_user1        |                   | 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user1;
+-- all grants revoked
+\z deptest1
+                                           Access privileges
+ Schema |   Name   | Type  |              Access privileges              | Column privileges | Policies 
+--------+----------+-------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------
+ public | deptest1 | table | regress_dep_user0=arwdDxt/regress_dep_user0 |                   | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- table was dropped
+\d deptest
+-- Test REASSIGN OWNED
+GRANT ALL ON deptest1 TO regress_dep_user1;
+GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE regression TO regress_dep_user1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_dep_user1;
+CREATE SCHEMA deptest;
+CREATE TABLE deptest (a serial primary key, b text);
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_dep_user1 IN SCHEMA deptest
+  GRANT ALL ON TABLES TO regress_dep_user2;
+CREATE FUNCTION deptest_func() RETURNS void LANGUAGE plpgsql
+  AS $$ BEGIN END; $$;
+CREATE TYPE deptest_enum AS ENUM ('red');
+CREATE TYPE deptest_range AS RANGE (SUBTYPE = int4);
+CREATE TABLE deptest2 (f1 int);
+-- make a serial column the hard way
+CREATE SEQUENCE ss1;
+ALTER TABLE deptest2 ALTER f1 SET DEFAULT nextval('ss1');
+ALTER SEQUENCE ss1 OWNED BY deptest2.f1;
+-- When reassigning ownership of a composite type, its pg_class entry
+-- should match
+CREATE TYPE deptest_t AS (a int);
+SELECT typowner = relowner
+FROM pg_type JOIN pg_class c ON typrelid = c.oid WHERE typname = 'deptest_t';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+REASSIGN OWNED BY regress_dep_user1 TO regress_dep_user2;
+\dt deptest
+              List of relations
+ Schema |  Name   | Type  |       Owner       
+--------+---------+-------+-------------------
+ public | deptest | table | regress_dep_user2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT typowner = relowner
+FROM pg_type JOIN pg_class c ON typrelid = c.oid WHERE typname = 'deptest_t';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- doesn't work: grant still exists
+DROP USER regress_dep_user1;
+ERROR:  role "regress_dep_user1" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  privileges for database regression
+privileges for table deptest1
+owner of default privileges on new relations belonging to role regress_dep_user1 in schema deptest
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user1;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user1;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user2;
+ERROR:  role "regress_dep_user2" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  owner of schema deptest
+owner of sequence deptest_a_seq
+owner of table deptest
+owner of function deptest_func()
+owner of type deptest_enum
+owner of type deptest_multirange
+owner of type deptest_range
+owner of table deptest2
+owner of sequence ss1
+owner of type deptest_t
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user2, regress_dep_user0;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user2;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user0;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/domain.out b/src/test/regress/expected/domain.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46a2635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/domain.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1159 @@
+--
+-- Test domains.
+--
+-- Test Comment / Drop
+create domain domaindroptest int4;
+comment on domain domaindroptest is 'About to drop this..';
+create domain dependenttypetest domaindroptest;
+-- fail because of dependent type
+drop domain domaindroptest;
+ERROR:  cannot drop type domaindroptest because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  type dependenttypetest depends on type domaindroptest
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+drop domain domaindroptest cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to type dependenttypetest
+-- this should fail because already gone
+drop domain domaindroptest cascade;
+ERROR:  type "domaindroptest" does not exist
+-- Test domain input.
+-- Note: the point of checking both INSERT and COPY FROM is that INSERT
+-- exercises CoerceToDomain while COPY exercises domain_in.
+create domain domainvarchar varchar(5);
+create domain domainnumeric numeric(8,2);
+create domain domainint4 int4;
+create domain domaintext text;
+-- Test explicit coercions --- these should succeed (and truncate)
+SELECT cast('123456' as domainvarchar);
+ domainvarchar 
+---------------
+ 12345
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cast('12345' as domainvarchar);
+ domainvarchar 
+---------------
+ 12345
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test tables using domains
+create table basictest
+           ( testint4 domainint4
+           , testtext domaintext
+           , testvarchar domainvarchar
+           , testnumeric domainnumeric
+           );
+INSERT INTO basictest values ('88', 'haha', 'short', '123.12');      -- Good
+INSERT INTO basictest values ('88', 'haha', 'short text', '123.12'); -- Bad varchar
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(5)
+INSERT INTO basictest values ('88', 'haha', 'short', '123.1212');    -- Truncate numeric
+-- Test copy
+COPY basictest (testvarchar) FROM stdin; -- fail
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(5)
+CONTEXT:  COPY basictest, line 1, column testvarchar: "notsoshorttext"
+COPY basictest (testvarchar) FROM stdin;
+select * from basictest;
+ testint4 | testtext | testvarchar | testnumeric 
+----------+----------+-------------+-------------
+       88 | haha     | short       |      123.12
+       88 | haha     | short       |      123.12
+          |          | short       |            
+(3 rows)
+
+-- check that domains inherit operations from base types
+select testtext || testvarchar as concat, testnumeric + 42 as sum
+from basictest;
+  concat   |  sum   
+-----------+--------
+ hahashort | 165.12
+ hahashort | 165.12
+           |       
+(3 rows)
+
+-- check that union/case/coalesce type resolution handles domains properly
+select pg_typeof(coalesce(4::domainint4, 7));
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ integer
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(coalesce(4::domainint4, 7::domainint4));
+ pg_typeof  
+------------
+ domainint4
+(1 row)
+
+drop table basictest;
+drop domain domainvarchar restrict;
+drop domain domainnumeric restrict;
+drop domain domainint4 restrict;
+drop domain domaintext;
+-- Test domains over array types
+create domain domainint4arr int4[1];
+create domain domainchar4arr varchar(4)[2][3];
+create table domarrtest
+           ( testint4arr domainint4arr
+           , testchar4arr domainchar4arr
+            );
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"},{"c","d"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{{2,2},{2,2}}', '{{"a","b"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"},{"c","d"},{"e","f"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a"},{"c"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values (NULL, '{{"a","b","c"},{"d","e","f"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values (NULL, '{{"toolong","b","c"},{"d","e","f"}}');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(4)
+INSERT INTO domarrtest (testint4arr[1], testint4arr[3]) values (11,22);
+select * from domarrtest;
+  testint4arr  |    testchar4arr     
+---------------+---------------------
+ {2,2}         | {{a,b},{c,d}}
+ {{2,2},{2,2}} | {{a,b}}
+ {2,2}         | {{a,b},{c,d},{e,f}}
+ {2,2}         | {{a},{c}}
+               | {{a,b,c},{d,e,f}}
+ {11,NULL,22}  | 
+(6 rows)
+
+select testint4arr[1], testchar4arr[2:2] from domarrtest;
+ testint4arr | testchar4arr 
+-------------+--------------
+           2 | {{c,d}}
+             | {}
+           2 | {{c,d}}
+           2 | {{c}}
+             | {{d,e,f}}
+          11 | 
+(6 rows)
+
+select array_dims(testint4arr), array_dims(testchar4arr) from domarrtest;
+ array_dims | array_dims 
+------------+------------
+ [1:2]      | [1:2][1:2]
+ [1:2][1:2] | [1:1][1:2]
+ [1:2]      | [1:3][1:2]
+ [1:2]      | [1:2][1:1]
+            | [1:2][1:3]
+ [1:3]      | 
+(6 rows)
+
+COPY domarrtest FROM stdin;
+COPY domarrtest FROM stdin;	-- fail
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(4)
+CONTEXT:  COPY domarrtest, line 1, column testchar4arr: "{qwerty,w,e}"
+select * from domarrtest;
+  testint4arr  |    testchar4arr     
+---------------+---------------------
+ {2,2}         | {{a,b},{c,d}}
+ {{2,2},{2,2}} | {{a,b}}
+ {2,2}         | {{a,b},{c,d},{e,f}}
+ {2,2}         | {{a},{c}}
+               | {{a,b,c},{d,e,f}}
+ {11,NULL,22}  | 
+ {3,4}         | {q,w,e}
+               | 
+(8 rows)
+
+update domarrtest set
+  testint4arr[1] = testint4arr[1] + 1,
+  testint4arr[3] = testint4arr[3] - 1
+where testchar4arr is null;
+select * from domarrtest where testchar4arr is null;
+   testint4arr    | testchar4arr 
+------------------+--------------
+ {12,NULL,21}     | 
+ {NULL,NULL,NULL} | 
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table domarrtest;
+drop domain domainint4arr restrict;
+drop domain domainchar4arr restrict;
+create domain dia as int[];
+select '{1,2,3}'::dia;
+   dia   
+---------
+ {1,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select array_dims('{1,2,3}'::dia);
+ array_dims 
+------------
+ [1:3]
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof('{1,2,3}'::dia);
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ dia
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof('{1,2,3}'::dia || 42); -- should be int[] not dia
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+drop domain dia;
+-- Test domains over composites
+create type comptype as (r float8, i float8);
+create domain dcomptype as comptype;
+create table dcomptable (d1 dcomptype unique);
+insert into dcomptable values (row(1,2)::dcomptype);
+insert into dcomptable values (row(3,4)::comptype);
+insert into dcomptable values (row(1,2)::dcomptype);  -- fail on uniqueness
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "dcomptable_d1_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (d1)=((1,2)) already exists.
+insert into dcomptable (d1.r) values(11);
+select * from dcomptable;
+  d1   
+-------
+ (1,2)
+ (3,4)
+ (11,)
+(3 rows)
+
+select (d1).r, (d1).i, (d1).* from dcomptable;
+ r  | i | r  | i 
+----+---+----+---
+  1 | 2 |  1 | 2
+  3 | 4 |  3 | 4
+ 11 |   | 11 |  
+(3 rows)
+
+update dcomptable set d1.r = (d1).r + 1 where (d1).i > 0;
+select * from dcomptable;
+  d1   
+-------
+ (11,)
+ (2,2)
+ (4,4)
+(3 rows)
+
+alter domain dcomptype add constraint c1 check ((value).r <= (value).i);
+alter domain dcomptype add constraint c2 check ((value).r > (value).i);  -- fail
+ERROR:  column "d1" of table "dcomptable" contains values that violate the new constraint
+select row(2,1)::dcomptype;  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dcomptype violates check constraint "c1"
+insert into dcomptable values (row(1,2)::comptype);
+insert into dcomptable values (row(2,1)::comptype);  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dcomptype violates check constraint "c1"
+insert into dcomptable (d1.r) values(99);
+insert into dcomptable (d1.r, d1.i) values(99, 100);
+insert into dcomptable (d1.r, d1.i) values(100, 99);  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dcomptype violates check constraint "c1"
+update dcomptable set d1.r = (d1).r + 1 where (d1).i > 0;  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dcomptype violates check constraint "c1"
+update dcomptable set d1.r = (d1).r - 1, d1.i = (d1).i + 1 where (d1).i > 0;
+select * from dcomptable;
+    d1    
+----------
+ (11,)
+ (99,)
+ (1,3)
+ (3,5)
+ (0,3)
+ (98,101)
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  update dcomptable set d1.r = (d1).r - 1, d1.i = (d1).i + 1 where (d1).i > 0;
+                                          QUERY PLAN                                           
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.dcomptable
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.dcomptable
+         Output: ROW(((d1).r - '1'::double precision), ((d1).i + '1'::double precision)), ctid
+         Filter: ((dcomptable.d1).i > '0'::double precision)
+(4 rows)
+
+create rule silly as on delete to dcomptable do instead
+  update dcomptable set d1.r = (d1).r - 1, d1.i = (d1).i + 1 where (d1).i > 0;
+\d+ dcomptable
+                                  Table "public.dcomptable"
+ Column |   Type    | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ d1     | dcomptype |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "dcomptable_d1_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (d1)
+Rules:
+    silly AS
+    ON DELETE TO dcomptable DO INSTEAD  UPDATE dcomptable SET d1.r = (dcomptable.d1).r - 1::double precision, d1.i = (dcomptable.d1).i + 1::double precision
+  WHERE (dcomptable.d1).i > 0::double precision
+
+create function makedcomp(r float8, i float8) returns dcomptype
+as 'select row(r, i)' language sql;
+select makedcomp(1,2);
+ makedcomp 
+-----------
+ (1,2)
+(1 row)
+
+select makedcomp(2,1);  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dcomptype violates check constraint "c1"
+select * from makedcomp(1,2) m;
+ r | i 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+select m, m is not null from makedcomp(1,2) m;
+   m   | ?column? 
+-------+----------
+ (1,2) | t
+(1 row)
+
+drop function makedcomp(float8, float8);
+drop table dcomptable;
+drop type comptype cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to type dcomptype
+-- check altering and dropping columns used by domain constraints
+create type comptype as (r float8, i float8);
+create domain dcomptype as comptype;
+alter domain dcomptype add constraint c1 check ((value).r > 0);
+comment on constraint c1 on domain dcomptype is 'random commentary';
+select row(0,1)::dcomptype;  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dcomptype violates check constraint "c1"
+alter type comptype alter attribute r type varchar;  -- fail
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: character varying > double precision
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+alter type comptype alter attribute r type bigint;
+alter type comptype drop attribute r;  -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop column r of composite type comptype because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint c1 depends on column r of composite type comptype
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+alter type comptype drop attribute i;
+select conname, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') from pg_constraint
+  where contypid = 'dcomptype'::regtype;  -- check comment is still there
+ conname |  obj_description  
+---------+-------------------
+ c1      | random commentary
+(1 row)
+
+drop type comptype cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to type dcomptype
+-- Test domains over arrays of composite
+create type comptype as (r float8, i float8);
+create domain dcomptypea as comptype[];
+create table dcomptable (d1 dcomptypea unique);
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(1,2)]::dcomptypea);
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(3,4), row(5,6)]::comptype[]);
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(7,8)::comptype, row(9,10)::comptype]);
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(1,2)]::dcomptypea);  -- fail on uniqueness
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "dcomptable_d1_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (d1)=({"(1,2)"}) already exists.
+insert into dcomptable (d1[1]) values(row(9,10));
+insert into dcomptable (d1[1].r) values(11);
+select * from dcomptable;
+         d1         
+--------------------
+ {"(1,2)"}
+ {"(3,4)","(5,6)"}
+ {"(7,8)","(9,10)"}
+ {"(9,10)"}
+ {"(11,)"}
+(5 rows)
+
+select d1[2], d1[1].r, d1[1].i from dcomptable;
+   d1   | r  | i  
+--------+----+----
+        |  1 |  2
+ (5,6)  |  3 |  4
+ (9,10) |  7 |  8
+        |  9 | 10
+        | 11 |   
+(5 rows)
+
+update dcomptable set d1[2] = row(d1[2].i, d1[2].r);
+select * from dcomptable;
+         d1         
+--------------------
+ {"(1,2)","(,)"}
+ {"(3,4)","(6,5)"}
+ {"(7,8)","(10,9)"}
+ {"(9,10)","(,)"}
+ {"(11,)","(,)"}
+(5 rows)
+
+update dcomptable set d1[1].r = d1[1].r + 1 where d1[1].i > 0;
+select * from dcomptable;
+         d1         
+--------------------
+ {"(11,)","(,)"}
+ {"(2,2)","(,)"}
+ {"(4,4)","(6,5)"}
+ {"(8,8)","(10,9)"}
+ {"(10,10)","(,)"}
+(5 rows)
+
+alter domain dcomptypea add constraint c1 check (value[1].r <= value[1].i);
+alter domain dcomptypea add constraint c2 check (value[1].r > value[1].i);  -- fail
+ERROR:  column "d1" of table "dcomptable" contains values that violate the new constraint
+select array[row(2,1)]::dcomptypea;  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dcomptypea violates check constraint "c1"
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(1,2)]::comptype[]);
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(2,1)]::comptype[]);  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dcomptypea violates check constraint "c1"
+insert into dcomptable (d1[1].r) values(99);
+insert into dcomptable (d1[1].r, d1[1].i) values(99, 100);
+insert into dcomptable (d1[1].r, d1[1].i) values(100, 99);  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dcomptypea violates check constraint "c1"
+update dcomptable set d1[1].r = d1[1].r + 1 where d1[1].i > 0;  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dcomptypea violates check constraint "c1"
+update dcomptable set d1[1].r = d1[1].r - 1, d1[1].i = d1[1].i + 1
+  where d1[1].i > 0;
+select * from dcomptable;
+         d1         
+--------------------
+ {"(11,)","(,)"}
+ {"(99,)"}
+ {"(1,3)","(,)"}
+ {"(3,5)","(6,5)"}
+ {"(7,9)","(10,9)"}
+ {"(9,11)","(,)"}
+ {"(0,3)"}
+ {"(98,101)"}
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  update dcomptable set d1[1].r = d1[1].r - 1, d1[1].i = d1[1].i + 1
+    where d1[1].i > 0;
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                   
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.dcomptable
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.dcomptable
+         Output: (d1[1].r := (d1[1].r - '1'::double precision))[1].i := (d1[1].i + '1'::double precision), ctid
+         Filter: (dcomptable.d1[1].i > '0'::double precision)
+(4 rows)
+
+create rule silly as on delete to dcomptable do instead
+  update dcomptable set d1[1].r = d1[1].r - 1, d1[1].i = d1[1].i + 1
+    where d1[1].i > 0;
+\d+ dcomptable
+                                  Table "public.dcomptable"
+ Column |    Type    | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ d1     | dcomptypea |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "dcomptable_d1_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (d1)
+Rules:
+    silly AS
+    ON DELETE TO dcomptable DO INSTEAD  UPDATE dcomptable SET d1[1].r = dcomptable.d1[1].r - 1::double precision, d1[1].i = dcomptable.d1[1].i + 1::double precision
+  WHERE dcomptable.d1[1].i > 0::double precision
+
+drop table dcomptable;
+drop type comptype cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to type dcomptypea
+-- Test arrays over domains
+create domain posint as int check (value > 0);
+create table pitable (f1 posint[]);
+insert into pitable values(array[42]);
+insert into pitable values(array[-1]);  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain posint violates check constraint "posint_check"
+insert into pitable values('{0}');  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain posint violates check constraint "posint_check"
+LINE 1: insert into pitable values('{0}');
+                                   ^
+update pitable set f1[1] = f1[1] + 1;
+update pitable set f1[1] = 0;  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain posint violates check constraint "posint_check"
+select * from pitable;
+  f1  
+------
+ {43}
+(1 row)
+
+drop table pitable;
+create domain vc4 as varchar(4);
+create table vc4table (f1 vc4[]);
+insert into vc4table values(array['too long']);  -- fail
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(4)
+insert into vc4table values(array['too long']::vc4[]);  -- cast truncates
+select * from vc4table;
+    f1    
+----------
+ {"too "}
+(1 row)
+
+drop table vc4table;
+drop type vc4;
+-- You can sort of fake arrays-of-arrays by putting a domain in between
+create domain dposinta as posint[];
+create table dposintatable (f1 dposinta[]);
+insert into dposintatable values(array[array[42]]);  -- fail
+ERROR:  column "f1" is of type dposinta[] but expression is of type integer[]
+LINE 1: insert into dposintatable values(array[array[42]]);
+                                         ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+insert into dposintatable values(array[array[42]::posint[]]); -- still fail
+ERROR:  column "f1" is of type dposinta[] but expression is of type posint[]
+LINE 1: insert into dposintatable values(array[array[42]::posint[]])...
+                                         ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+insert into dposintatable values(array[array[42]::dposinta]); -- but this works
+select f1, f1[1], (f1[1])[1] from dposintatable;
+    f1    |  f1  | f1 
+----------+------+----
+ {"{42}"} | {42} | 42
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(f1) from dposintatable;
+ pg_typeof  
+------------
+ dposinta[]
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(f1[1]) from dposintatable;
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ dposinta
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(f1[1][1]) from dposintatable;
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ dposinta
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof((f1[1])[1]) from dposintatable;
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ posint
+(1 row)
+
+update dposintatable set f1[2] = array[99];
+select f1, f1[1], (f1[2])[1] from dposintatable;
+       f1        |  f1  | f1 
+-----------------+------+----
+ {"{42}","{99}"} | {42} | 99
+(1 row)
+
+-- it'd be nice if you could do something like this, but for now you can't:
+update dposintatable set f1[2][1] = array[97];
+ERROR:  wrong number of array subscripts
+-- maybe someday we can make this syntax work:
+update dposintatable set (f1[2])[1] = array[98];
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "["
+LINE 1: update dposintatable set (f1[2])[1] = array[98];
+                                        ^
+drop table dposintatable;
+drop domain posint cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to type dposinta
+-- Test arrays over domains of composite
+create type comptype as (cf1 int, cf2 int);
+create domain dcomptype as comptype check ((value).cf1 > 0);
+create table dcomptable (f1 dcomptype[]);
+insert into dcomptable values (null);
+update dcomptable set f1[1].cf2 = 5;
+table dcomptable;
+    f1    
+----------
+ {"(,5)"}
+(1 row)
+
+update dcomptable set f1[1].cf1 = -1;  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dcomptype violates check constraint "dcomptype_check"
+update dcomptable set f1[1].cf1 = 1;
+table dcomptable;
+    f1     
+-----------
+ {"(1,5)"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- if there's no constraints, a different code path is taken:
+alter domain dcomptype drop constraint dcomptype_check;
+update dcomptable set f1[1].cf1 = -1;  -- now ok
+table dcomptable;
+     f1     
+------------
+ {"(-1,5)"}
+(1 row)
+
+drop table dcomptable;
+drop type comptype cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to type dcomptype
+-- Test not-null restrictions
+create domain dnotnull varchar(15) NOT NULL;
+create domain dnull    varchar(15);
+create domain dcheck   varchar(15) NOT NULL CHECK (VALUE = 'a' OR VALUE = 'c' OR VALUE = 'd');
+create table nulltest
+           ( col1 dnotnull
+           , col2 dnotnull NULL  -- NOT NULL in the domain cannot be overridden
+           , col3 dnull    NOT NULL
+           , col4 dnull
+           , col5 dcheck CHECK (col5 IN ('c', 'd'))
+           );
+INSERT INTO nulltest DEFAULT VALUES;
+ERROR:  domain dnotnull does not allow null values
+INSERT INTO nulltest values ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'c');  -- Good
+insert into nulltest values ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', NULL);
+ERROR:  domain dcheck does not allow null values
+insert into nulltest values ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'a');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "nulltest" violates check constraint "nulltest_col5_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, b, c, d, a).
+INSERT INTO nulltest values (NULL, 'b', 'c', 'd', 'd');
+ERROR:  domain dnotnull does not allow null values
+INSERT INTO nulltest values ('a', NULL, 'c', 'd', 'c');
+ERROR:  domain dnotnull does not allow null values
+INSERT INTO nulltest values ('a', 'b', NULL, 'd', 'c');
+ERROR:  null value in column "col3" of relation "nulltest" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, b, null, d, c).
+INSERT INTO nulltest values ('a', 'b', 'c', NULL, 'd'); -- Good
+-- Test copy
+COPY nulltest FROM stdin; --fail
+ERROR:  null value in column "col3" of relation "nulltest" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, b, null, d, d).
+CONTEXT:  COPY nulltest, line 1: "a	b	\N	d	d"
+COPY nulltest FROM stdin; --fail
+ERROR:  domain dcheck does not allow null values
+CONTEXT:  COPY nulltest, line 1, column col5: null input
+-- Last row is bad
+COPY nulltest FROM stdin;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "nulltest" violates check constraint "nulltest_col5_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, b, c, null, a).
+CONTEXT:  COPY nulltest, line 3: "a	b	c	\N	a"
+select * from nulltest;
+ col1 | col2 | col3 | col4 | col5 
+------+------+------+------+------
+ a    | b    | c    | d    | c
+ a    | b    | c    |      | d
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test out coerced (casted) constraints
+SELECT cast('1' as dnotnull);
+ dnotnull 
+----------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cast(NULL as dnotnull); -- fail
+ERROR:  domain dnotnull does not allow null values
+SELECT cast(cast(NULL as dnull) as dnotnull); -- fail
+ERROR:  domain dnotnull does not allow null values
+SELECT cast(col4 as dnotnull) from nulltest; -- fail
+ERROR:  domain dnotnull does not allow null values
+-- cleanup
+drop table nulltest;
+drop domain dnotnull restrict;
+drop domain dnull restrict;
+drop domain dcheck restrict;
+create domain ddef1 int4 DEFAULT 3;
+create domain ddef2 oid DEFAULT '12';
+-- Type mixing, function returns int8
+create domain ddef3 text DEFAULT 5;
+create sequence ddef4_seq;
+create domain ddef4 int4 DEFAULT nextval('ddef4_seq');
+create domain ddef5 numeric(8,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '12.12';
+create table defaulttest
+            ( col1 ddef1
+            , col2 ddef2
+            , col3 ddef3
+            , col4 ddef4 PRIMARY KEY
+            , col5 ddef1 NOT NULL DEFAULT NULL
+            , col6 ddef2 DEFAULT '88'
+            , col7 ddef4 DEFAULT 8000
+            , col8 ddef5
+            );
+insert into defaulttest(col4) values(0); -- fails, col5 defaults to null
+ERROR:  null value in column "col5" of relation "defaulttest" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (3, 12, 5, 0, null, 88, 8000, 12.12).
+alter table defaulttest alter column col5 drop default;
+insert into defaulttest default values; -- succeeds, inserts domain default
+-- We used to treat SET DEFAULT NULL as equivalent to DROP DEFAULT; wrong
+alter table defaulttest alter column col5 set default null;
+insert into defaulttest(col4) values(0); -- fails
+ERROR:  null value in column "col5" of relation "defaulttest" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (3, 12, 5, 0, null, 88, 8000, 12.12).
+alter table defaulttest alter column col5 drop default;
+insert into defaulttest default values;
+insert into defaulttest default values;
+-- Test defaults with copy
+COPY defaulttest(col5) FROM stdin;
+select * from defaulttest;
+ col1 | col2 | col3 | col4 | col5 | col6 | col7 | col8  
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
+    3 |   12 | 5    |    1 |    3 |   88 | 8000 | 12.12
+    3 |   12 | 5    |    2 |    3 |   88 | 8000 | 12.12
+    3 |   12 | 5    |    3 |    3 |   88 | 8000 | 12.12
+    3 |   12 | 5    |    4 |   42 |   88 | 8000 | 12.12
+(4 rows)
+
+drop table defaulttest cascade;
+-- Test ALTER DOMAIN .. NOT NULL
+create domain dnotnulltest integer;
+create table domnotnull
+( col1 dnotnulltest
+, col2 dnotnulltest
+);
+insert into domnotnull default values;
+alter domain dnotnulltest set not null; -- fails
+ERROR:  column "col1" of table "domnotnull" contains null values
+update domnotnull set col1 = 5;
+alter domain dnotnulltest set not null; -- fails
+ERROR:  column "col2" of table "domnotnull" contains null values
+update domnotnull set col2 = 6;
+alter domain dnotnulltest set not null;
+update domnotnull set col1 = null; -- fails
+ERROR:  domain dnotnulltest does not allow null values
+alter domain dnotnulltest drop not null;
+update domnotnull set col1 = null;
+drop domain dnotnulltest cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to column col2 of table domnotnull
+drop cascades to column col1 of table domnotnull
+-- Test ALTER DOMAIN .. DEFAULT ..
+create table domdeftest (col1 ddef1);
+insert into domdeftest default values;
+select * from domdeftest;
+ col1 
+------
+    3
+(1 row)
+
+alter domain ddef1 set default '42';
+insert into domdeftest default values;
+select * from domdeftest;
+ col1 
+------
+    3
+   42
+(2 rows)
+
+alter domain ddef1 drop default;
+insert into domdeftest default values;
+select * from domdeftest;
+ col1 
+------
+    3
+   42
+     
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table domdeftest;
+-- Test ALTER DOMAIN .. CONSTRAINT ..
+create domain con as integer;
+create table domcontest (col1 con);
+insert into domcontest values (1);
+insert into domcontest values (2);
+alter domain con add constraint t check (VALUE < 1); -- fails
+ERROR:  column "col1" of table "domcontest" contains values that violate the new constraint
+alter domain con add constraint t check (VALUE < 34);
+alter domain con add check (VALUE > 0);
+insert into domcontest values (-5); -- fails
+ERROR:  value for domain con violates check constraint "con_check"
+insert into domcontest values (42); -- fails
+ERROR:  value for domain con violates check constraint "t"
+insert into domcontest values (5);
+alter domain con drop constraint t;
+insert into domcontest values (-5); --fails
+ERROR:  value for domain con violates check constraint "con_check"
+insert into domcontest values (42);
+alter domain con drop constraint nonexistent;
+ERROR:  constraint "nonexistent" of domain "con" does not exist
+alter domain con drop constraint if exists nonexistent;
+NOTICE:  constraint "nonexistent" of domain "con" does not exist, skipping
+-- Test ALTER DOMAIN .. CONSTRAINT .. NOT VALID
+create domain things AS INT;
+CREATE TABLE thethings (stuff things);
+INSERT INTO thethings (stuff) VALUES (55);
+ALTER DOMAIN things ADD CONSTRAINT meow CHECK (VALUE < 11);
+ERROR:  column "stuff" of table "thethings" contains values that violate the new constraint
+ALTER DOMAIN things ADD CONSTRAINT meow CHECK (VALUE < 11) NOT VALID;
+ALTER DOMAIN things VALIDATE CONSTRAINT meow;
+ERROR:  column "stuff" of table "thethings" contains values that violate the new constraint
+UPDATE thethings SET stuff = 10;
+ALTER DOMAIN things VALIDATE CONSTRAINT meow;
+-- Confirm ALTER DOMAIN with RULES.
+create table domtab (col1 integer);
+create domain dom as integer;
+create view domview as select cast(col1 as dom) from domtab;
+insert into domtab (col1) values (null);
+insert into domtab (col1) values (5);
+select * from domview;
+ col1 
+------
+     
+    5
+(2 rows)
+
+alter domain dom set not null;
+select * from domview; -- fail
+ERROR:  domain dom does not allow null values
+alter domain dom drop not null;
+select * from domview;
+ col1 
+------
+     
+    5
+(2 rows)
+
+alter domain dom add constraint domchkgt6 check(value > 6);
+select * from domview; --fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dom violates check constraint "domchkgt6"
+alter domain dom drop constraint domchkgt6 restrict;
+select * from domview;
+ col1 
+------
+     
+    5
+(2 rows)
+
+-- cleanup
+drop domain ddef1 restrict;
+drop domain ddef2 restrict;
+drop domain ddef3 restrict;
+drop domain ddef4 restrict;
+drop domain ddef5 restrict;
+drop sequence ddef4_seq;
+-- Test domains over domains
+create domain vchar4 varchar(4);
+create domain dinter vchar4 check (substring(VALUE, 1, 1) = 'x');
+create domain dtop dinter check (substring(VALUE, 2, 1) = '1');
+select 'x123'::dtop;
+ dtop 
+------
+ x123
+(1 row)
+
+select 'x1234'::dtop; -- explicit coercion should truncate
+ dtop 
+------
+ x123
+(1 row)
+
+select 'y1234'::dtop; -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dtop violates check constraint "dinter_check"
+select 'y123'::dtop; -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dtop violates check constraint "dinter_check"
+select 'yz23'::dtop; -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dtop violates check constraint "dinter_check"
+select 'xz23'::dtop; -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dtop violates check constraint "dtop_check"
+create temp table dtest(f1 dtop);
+insert into dtest values('x123');
+insert into dtest values('x1234'); -- fail, implicit coercion
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(4)
+insert into dtest values('y1234'); -- fail, implicit coercion
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(4)
+insert into dtest values('y123'); -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dtop violates check constraint "dinter_check"
+insert into dtest values('yz23'); -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dtop violates check constraint "dinter_check"
+insert into dtest values('xz23'); -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain dtop violates check constraint "dtop_check"
+drop table dtest;
+drop domain vchar4 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to type dinter
+drop cascades to type dtop
+-- Make sure that constraints of newly-added domain columns are
+-- enforced correctly, even if there's no default value for the new
+-- column. Per bug #1433
+create domain str_domain as text not null;
+create table domain_test (a int, b int);
+insert into domain_test values (1, 2);
+insert into domain_test values (1, 2);
+-- should fail
+alter table domain_test add column c str_domain;
+ERROR:  domain str_domain does not allow null values
+create domain str_domain2 as text check (value <> 'foo') default 'foo';
+-- should fail
+alter table domain_test add column d str_domain2;
+ERROR:  value for domain str_domain2 violates check constraint "str_domain2_check"
+-- Check that domain constraints on prepared statement parameters of
+-- unknown type are enforced correctly.
+create domain pos_int as int4 check (value > 0) not null;
+prepare s1 as select $1::pos_int = 10 as "is_ten";
+execute s1(10);
+ is_ten 
+--------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+execute s1(0); -- should fail
+ERROR:  value for domain pos_int violates check constraint "pos_int_check"
+execute s1(NULL); -- should fail
+ERROR:  domain pos_int does not allow null values
+-- Check that domain constraints on plpgsql function parameters, results,
+-- and local variables are enforced correctly.
+create function doubledecrement(p1 pos_int) returns pos_int as $$
+declare v pos_int;
+begin
+    return p1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select doubledecrement(3); -- fail because of implicit null assignment
+ERROR:  domain pos_int does not allow null values
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function doubledecrement(pos_int) line 2 during statement block local variable initialization
+create or replace function doubledecrement(p1 pos_int) returns pos_int as $$
+declare v pos_int := 0;
+begin
+    return p1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select doubledecrement(3); -- fail at initialization assignment
+ERROR:  value for domain pos_int violates check constraint "pos_int_check"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function doubledecrement(pos_int) line 2 during statement block local variable initialization
+create or replace function doubledecrement(p1 pos_int) returns pos_int as $$
+declare v pos_int := 1;
+begin
+    v := p1 - 1;
+    return v - 1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select doubledecrement(null); -- fail before call
+ERROR:  domain pos_int does not allow null values
+select doubledecrement(0); -- fail before call
+ERROR:  value for domain pos_int violates check constraint "pos_int_check"
+select doubledecrement(1); -- fail at assignment to v
+ERROR:  value for domain pos_int violates check constraint "pos_int_check"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function doubledecrement(pos_int) line 4 at assignment
+select doubledecrement(2); -- fail at return
+ERROR:  value for domain pos_int violates check constraint "pos_int_check"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function doubledecrement(pos_int) while casting return value to function's return type
+select doubledecrement(3); -- good
+ doubledecrement 
+-----------------
+               1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check that ALTER DOMAIN tests columns of derived types
+create domain posint as int4;
+-- Currently, this doesn't work for composite types, but verify it complains
+create type ddtest1 as (f1 posint);
+create table ddtest2(f1 ddtest1);
+insert into ddtest2 values(row(-1));
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "posint" because column "ddtest2.f1" uses it
+drop table ddtest2;
+-- Likewise for domains within arrays of composite
+create table ddtest2(f1 ddtest1[]);
+insert into ddtest2 values('{(-1)}');
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "posint" because column "ddtest2.f1" uses it
+drop table ddtest2;
+-- Likewise for domains within domains over composite
+create domain ddtest1d as ddtest1;
+create table ddtest2(f1 ddtest1d);
+insert into ddtest2 values('(-1)');
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "posint" because column "ddtest2.f1" uses it
+drop table ddtest2;
+drop domain ddtest1d;
+-- Likewise for domains within domains over array of composite
+create domain ddtest1d as ddtest1[];
+create table ddtest2(f1 ddtest1d);
+insert into ddtest2 values('{(-1)}');
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "posint" because column "ddtest2.f1" uses it
+drop table ddtest2;
+drop domain ddtest1d;
+-- Doesn't work for ranges, either
+create type rposint as range (subtype = posint);
+create table ddtest2(f1 rposint);
+insert into ddtest2 values('(-1,3]');
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "posint" because column "ddtest2.f1" uses it
+drop table ddtest2;
+drop type rposint;
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+create domain posint2 as posint check (value % 2 = 0);
+create table ddtest2(f1 posint2);
+insert into ddtest2 values(11); -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain posint2 violates check constraint "posint2_check"
+insert into ddtest2 values(-2); -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain posint2 violates check constraint "c1"
+insert into ddtest2 values(2);
+alter domain posint add constraint c2 check(value >= 10); -- fail
+ERROR:  column "f1" of table "ddtest2" contains values that violate the new constraint
+alter domain posint add constraint c2 check(value > 0); -- OK
+drop table ddtest2;
+drop type ddtest1;
+drop domain posint cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to type posint2
+--
+-- Check enforcement of domain-related typmod in plpgsql (bug #5717)
+--
+create or replace function array_elem_check(numeric) returns numeric as $$
+declare
+  x numeric(4,2)[1];
+begin
+  x[1] := $1;
+  return x[1];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select array_elem_check(121.00);
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 4, scale 2 must round to an absolute value less than 10^2.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function array_elem_check(numeric) line 5 at assignment
+select array_elem_check(1.23456);
+ array_elem_check 
+------------------
+             1.23
+(1 row)
+
+create domain mynums as numeric(4,2)[1];
+create or replace function array_elem_check(numeric) returns numeric as $$
+declare
+  x mynums;
+begin
+  x[1] := $1;
+  return x[1];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select array_elem_check(121.00);
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 4, scale 2 must round to an absolute value less than 10^2.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function array_elem_check(numeric) line 5 at assignment
+select array_elem_check(1.23456);
+ array_elem_check 
+------------------
+             1.23
+(1 row)
+
+create domain mynums2 as mynums;
+create or replace function array_elem_check(numeric) returns numeric as $$
+declare
+  x mynums2;
+begin
+  x[1] := $1;
+  return x[1];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select array_elem_check(121.00);
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 4, scale 2 must round to an absolute value less than 10^2.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function array_elem_check(numeric) line 5 at assignment
+select array_elem_check(1.23456);
+ array_elem_check 
+------------------
+             1.23
+(1 row)
+
+drop function array_elem_check(numeric);
+--
+-- Check enforcement of array-level domain constraints
+--
+create domain orderedpair as int[2] check (value[1] < value[2]);
+select array[1,2]::orderedpair;
+ array 
+-------
+ {1,2}
+(1 row)
+
+select array[2,1]::orderedpair;  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain orderedpair violates check constraint "orderedpair_check"
+create temp table op (f1 orderedpair);
+insert into op values (array[1,2]);
+insert into op values (array[2,1]);  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain orderedpair violates check constraint "orderedpair_check"
+update op set f1[2] = 3;
+update op set f1[2] = 0;  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain orderedpair violates check constraint "orderedpair_check"
+select * from op;
+  f1   
+-------
+ {1,3}
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function array_elem_check(int) returns int as $$
+declare
+  x orderedpair := '{1,2}';
+begin
+  x[2] := $1;
+  return x[2];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select array_elem_check(3);
+ array_elem_check 
+------------------
+                3
+(1 row)
+
+select array_elem_check(-1);
+ERROR:  value for domain orderedpair violates check constraint "orderedpair_check"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function array_elem_check(integer) line 5 at assignment
+drop function array_elem_check(int);
+--
+-- Check enforcement of changing constraints in plpgsql
+--
+create domain di as int;
+create function dom_check(int) returns di as $$
+declare d di;
+begin
+  d := $1::di;
+  return d;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+select dom_check(0);
+ dom_check 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+alter domain di add constraint pos check (value > 0);
+select dom_check(0); -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain di violates check constraint "pos"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function dom_check(integer) line 4 at assignment
+alter domain di drop constraint pos;
+select dom_check(0);
+ dom_check 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+-- implicit cast during assignment is a separate code path, test that too
+create or replace function dom_check(int) returns di as $$
+declare d di;
+begin
+  d := $1;
+  return d;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+select dom_check(0);
+ dom_check 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+alter domain di add constraint pos check (value > 0);
+select dom_check(0); -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain di violates check constraint "pos"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function dom_check(integer) line 4 at assignment
+alter domain di drop constraint pos;
+select dom_check(0);
+ dom_check 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dom_check(int);
+drop domain di;
+--
+-- Check use of a (non-inline-able) SQL function in a domain constraint;
+-- this has caused issues in the past
+--
+create function sql_is_distinct_from(anyelement, anyelement)
+returns boolean language sql
+as 'select $1 is distinct from $2 limit 1';
+create domain inotnull int
+  check (sql_is_distinct_from(value, null));
+select 1::inotnull;
+ inotnull 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+select null::inotnull;
+ERROR:  value for domain inotnull violates check constraint "inotnull_check"
+create table dom_table (x inotnull);
+insert into dom_table values ('1');
+insert into dom_table values (1);
+insert into dom_table values (null);
+ERROR:  value for domain inotnull violates check constraint "inotnull_check"
+drop table dom_table;
+drop domain inotnull;
+drop function sql_is_distinct_from(anyelement, anyelement);
+--
+-- Renaming
+--
+create domain testdomain1 as int;
+alter domain testdomain1 rename to testdomain2;
+alter type testdomain2 rename to testdomain3;  -- alter type also works
+drop domain testdomain3;
+--
+-- Renaming domain constraints
+--
+create domain testdomain1 as int constraint unsigned check (value > 0);
+alter domain testdomain1 rename constraint unsigned to unsigned_foo;
+alter domain testdomain1 drop constraint unsigned_foo;
+drop domain testdomain1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/drop_if_exists.out b/src/test/regress/expected/drop_if_exists.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e44c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/drop_if_exists.out
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+--
+-- IF EXISTS tests
+--
+-- table (will be really dropped at the end)
+DROP TABLE test_exists;
+ERROR:  table "test_exists" does not exist
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_exists;
+NOTICE:  table "test_exists" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE test_exists (a int, b text);
+-- view
+DROP VIEW test_view_exists;
+ERROR:  view "test_view_exists" does not exist
+DROP VIEW IF EXISTS test_view_exists;
+NOTICE:  view "test_view_exists" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE VIEW test_view_exists AS select * from test_exists;
+DROP VIEW IF EXISTS test_view_exists;
+DROP VIEW test_view_exists;
+ERROR:  view "test_view_exists" does not exist
+-- index
+DROP INDEX test_index_exists;
+ERROR:  index "test_index_exists" does not exist
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS test_index_exists;
+NOTICE:  index "test_index_exists" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE INDEX test_index_exists on test_exists(a);
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS test_index_exists;
+DROP INDEX test_index_exists;
+ERROR:  index "test_index_exists" does not exist
+-- sequence
+DROP SEQUENCE test_sequence_exists;
+ERROR:  sequence "test_sequence_exists" does not exist
+DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS test_sequence_exists;
+NOTICE:  sequence "test_sequence_exists" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE SEQUENCE test_sequence_exists;
+DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS test_sequence_exists;
+DROP SEQUENCE test_sequence_exists;
+ERROR:  sequence "test_sequence_exists" does not exist
+-- schema
+DROP SCHEMA test_schema_exists;
+ERROR:  schema "test_schema_exists" does not exist
+DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS test_schema_exists;
+NOTICE:  schema "test_schema_exists" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE SCHEMA test_schema_exists;
+DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS test_schema_exists;
+DROP SCHEMA test_schema_exists;
+ERROR:  schema "test_schema_exists" does not exist
+-- type
+DROP TYPE test_type_exists;
+ERROR:  type "test_type_exists" does not exist
+DROP TYPE IF EXISTS test_type_exists;
+NOTICE:  type "test_type_exists" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE type test_type_exists as (a int, b text);
+DROP TYPE IF EXISTS test_type_exists;
+DROP TYPE test_type_exists;
+ERROR:  type "test_type_exists" does not exist
+-- domain
+DROP DOMAIN test_domain_exists;
+ERROR:  type "test_domain_exists" does not exist
+DROP DOMAIN IF EXISTS test_domain_exists;
+NOTICE:  type "test_domain_exists" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE domain test_domain_exists as int not null check (value > 0);
+DROP DOMAIN IF EXISTS test_domain_exists;
+DROP DOMAIN test_domain_exists;
+ERROR:  type "test_domain_exists" does not exist
+---
+--- role/user/group
+---
+CREATE USER regress_test_u1;
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_r1;
+CREATE GROUP regress_test_g1;
+DROP USER regress_test_u2;
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_u2" does not exist
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_test_u1, regress_test_u2;
+NOTICE:  role "regress_test_u2" does not exist, skipping
+DROP USER regress_test_u1;
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_u1" does not exist
+DROP ROLE regress_test_r2;
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_r2" does not exist
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_test_r1, regress_test_r2;
+NOTICE:  role "regress_test_r2" does not exist, skipping
+DROP ROLE regress_test_r1;
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_r1" does not exist
+DROP GROUP regress_test_g2;
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_g2" does not exist
+DROP GROUP IF EXISTS regress_test_g1, regress_test_g2;
+NOTICE:  role "regress_test_g2" does not exist, skipping
+DROP GROUP regress_test_g1;
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_g1" does not exist
+-- collation
+DROP COLLATION IF EXISTS test_collation_exists;
+NOTICE:  collation "test_collation_exists" does not exist, skipping
+-- conversion
+DROP CONVERSION test_conversion_exists;
+ERROR:  conversion "test_conversion_exists" does not exist
+DROP CONVERSION IF EXISTS test_conversion_exists;
+NOTICE:  conversion "test_conversion_exists" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE CONVERSION test_conversion_exists
+    FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+DROP CONVERSION test_conversion_exists;
+-- text search parser
+DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER test_tsparser_exists;
+ERROR:  text search parser "test_tsparser_exists" does not exist
+DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER IF EXISTS test_tsparser_exists;
+NOTICE:  text search parser "test_tsparser_exists" does not exist, skipping
+-- text search dictionary
+DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY test_tsdict_exists;
+ERROR:  text search dictionary "test_tsdict_exists" does not exist
+DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY IF EXISTS test_tsdict_exists;
+NOTICE:  text search dictionary "test_tsdict_exists" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY test_tsdict_exists (
+        Template=ispell,
+        DictFile=ispell_sample,
+        AffFile=ispell_sample
+);
+DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY test_tsdict_exists;
+-- test search template
+DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE test_tstemplate_exists;
+ERROR:  text search template "test_tstemplate_exists" does not exist
+DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE IF EXISTS test_tstemplate_exists;
+NOTICE:  text search template "test_tstemplate_exists" does not exist, skipping
+-- text search configuration
+DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION test_tsconfig_exists;
+ERROR:  text search configuration "test_tsconfig_exists" does not exist
+DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION IF EXISTS test_tsconfig_exists;
+NOTICE:  text search configuration "test_tsconfig_exists" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION test_tsconfig_exists (COPY=english);
+DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION test_tsconfig_exists;
+-- extension
+DROP EXTENSION test_extension_exists;
+ERROR:  extension "test_extension_exists" does not exist
+DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS test_extension_exists;
+NOTICE:  extension "test_extension_exists" does not exist, skipping
+-- functions
+DROP FUNCTION test_function_exists();
+ERROR:  function test_function_exists() does not exist
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS test_function_exists();
+NOTICE:  function test_function_exists() does not exist, skipping
+DROP FUNCTION test_function_exists(int, text, int[]);
+ERROR:  function test_function_exists(integer, text, integer[]) does not exist
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS test_function_exists(int, text, int[]);
+NOTICE:  function test_function_exists(pg_catalog.int4,text,pg_catalog.int4[]) does not exist, skipping
+-- aggregate
+DROP AGGREGATE test_aggregate_exists(*);
+ERROR:  aggregate test_aggregate_exists(*) does not exist
+DROP AGGREGATE IF EXISTS test_aggregate_exists(*);
+NOTICE:  aggregate test_aggregate_exists() does not exist, skipping
+DROP AGGREGATE test_aggregate_exists(int);
+ERROR:  aggregate test_aggregate_exists(integer) does not exist
+DROP AGGREGATE IF EXISTS test_aggregate_exists(int);
+NOTICE:  aggregate test_aggregate_exists(pg_catalog.int4) does not exist, skipping
+-- operator
+DROP OPERATOR @#@ (int, int);
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: integer @#@ integer
+DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS @#@ (int, int);
+NOTICE:  operator @#@ does not exist, skipping
+CREATE OPERATOR @#@
+        (leftarg = int8, rightarg = int8, procedure = int8xor);
+DROP OPERATOR @#@ (int8, int8);
+-- language
+DROP LANGUAGE test_language_exists;
+ERROR:  language "test_language_exists" does not exist
+DROP LANGUAGE IF EXISTS test_language_exists;
+NOTICE:  language "test_language_exists" does not exist, skipping
+-- cast
+DROP CAST (text AS text);
+ERROR:  cast from type text to type text does not exist
+DROP CAST IF EXISTS (text AS text);
+NOTICE:  cast from type text to type text does not exist, skipping
+-- trigger
+DROP TRIGGER test_trigger_exists ON test_exists;
+ERROR:  trigger "test_trigger_exists" for table "test_exists" does not exist
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS test_trigger_exists ON test_exists;
+NOTICE:  trigger "test_trigger_exists" for relation "test_exists" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TRIGGER test_trigger_exists ON no_such_table;
+ERROR:  relation "no_such_table" does not exist
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS test_trigger_exists ON no_such_table;
+NOTICE:  relation "no_such_table" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TRIGGER test_trigger_exists ON no_such_schema.no_such_table;
+ERROR:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS test_trigger_exists ON no_such_schema.no_such_table;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TRIGGER test_trigger_exists
+    BEFORE UPDATE ON test_exists
+    FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE suppress_redundant_updates_trigger();
+DROP TRIGGER test_trigger_exists ON test_exists;
+-- rule
+DROP RULE test_rule_exists ON test_exists;
+ERROR:  rule "test_rule_exists" for relation "test_exists" does not exist
+DROP RULE IF EXISTS test_rule_exists ON test_exists;
+NOTICE:  rule "test_rule_exists" for relation "test_exists" does not exist, skipping
+DROP RULE test_rule_exists ON no_such_table;
+ERROR:  relation "no_such_table" does not exist
+DROP RULE IF EXISTS test_rule_exists ON no_such_table;
+NOTICE:  relation "no_such_table" does not exist, skipping
+DROP RULE test_rule_exists ON no_such_schema.no_such_table;
+ERROR:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist
+DROP RULE IF EXISTS test_rule_exists ON no_such_schema.no_such_table;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE RULE test_rule_exists AS ON INSERT TO test_exists
+    DO INSTEAD
+    INSERT INTO test_exists VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b || NEW.a::text);
+DROP RULE test_rule_exists ON test_exists;
+-- foreign data wrapper
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER test_fdw_exists;
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "test_fdw_exists" does not exist
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER IF EXISTS test_fdw_exists;
+NOTICE:  foreign-data wrapper "test_fdw_exists" does not exist, skipping
+-- foreign server
+DROP SERVER test_server_exists;
+ERROR:  server "test_server_exists" does not exist
+DROP SERVER IF EXISTS test_server_exists;
+NOTICE:  server "test_server_exists" does not exist, skipping
+-- operator class
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS test_operator_class USING btree;
+ERROR:  operator class "test_operator_class" does not exist for access method "btree"
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS IF EXISTS test_operator_class USING btree;
+NOTICE:  operator class "test_operator_class" does not exist for access method "btree", skipping
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS test_operator_class USING no_such_am;
+ERROR:  access method "no_such_am" does not exist
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS IF EXISTS test_operator_class USING no_such_am;
+ERROR:  access method "no_such_am" does not exist
+-- operator family
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY test_operator_family USING btree;
+ERROR:  operator family "test_operator_family" does not exist for access method "btree"
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY IF EXISTS test_operator_family USING btree;
+NOTICE:  operator family "test_operator_family" does not exist for access method "btree", skipping
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY test_operator_family USING no_such_am;
+ERROR:  access method "no_such_am" does not exist
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY IF EXISTS test_operator_family USING no_such_am;
+ERROR:  access method "no_such_am" does not exist
+-- access method
+DROP ACCESS METHOD no_such_am;
+ERROR:  access method "no_such_am" does not exist
+DROP ACCESS METHOD IF EXISTS no_such_am;
+NOTICE:  access method "no_such_am" does not exist, skipping
+-- drop the table
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_exists;
+DROP TABLE test_exists;
+ERROR:  table "test_exists" does not exist
+-- be tolerant with missing schemas, types, etc
+DROP AGGREGATE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo(int);
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP AGGREGATE IF EXISTS foo(no_such_type);
+NOTICE:  type "no_such_type" does not exist, skipping
+DROP AGGREGATE IF EXISTS foo(no_such_schema.no_such_type);
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP CAST IF EXISTS (INTEGER AS no_such_type2);
+NOTICE:  type "no_such_type2" does not exist, skipping
+DROP CAST IF EXISTS (no_such_type1 AS INTEGER);
+NOTICE:  type "no_such_type1" does not exist, skipping
+DROP CAST IF EXISTS (INTEGER AS no_such_schema.bar);
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP CAST IF EXISTS (no_such_schema.foo AS INTEGER);
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP COLLATION IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP CONVERSION IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP DOMAIN IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo();
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS foo(no_such_type);
+NOTICE:  type "no_such_type" does not exist, skipping
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS foo(no_such_schema.no_such_type);
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS no_such_schema.+ (int, int);
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS + (no_such_type, no_such_type);
+NOTICE:  type "no_such_type" does not exist, skipping
+DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS + (no_such_schema.no_such_type, no_such_schema.no_such_type);
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS # (NONE, no_such_schema.no_such_type);
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS IF EXISTS no_such_schema.widget_ops USING btree;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY IF EXISTS no_such_schema.float_ops USING btree;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP RULE IF EXISTS foo ON no_such_schema.bar;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS foo ON no_such_schema.bar;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TYPE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+DROP VIEW IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+NOTICE:  schema "no_such_schema" does not exist, skipping
+-- Check we receive an ambiguous function error when there are
+-- multiple matching functions.
+CREATE FUNCTION test_ambiguous_funcname(int) returns int as $$ select $1; $$ language sql;
+CREATE FUNCTION test_ambiguous_funcname(text) returns text as $$ select $1; $$ language sql;
+DROP FUNCTION test_ambiguous_funcname;
+ERROR:  function name "test_ambiguous_funcname" is not unique
+HINT:  Specify the argument list to select the function unambiguously.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS test_ambiguous_funcname;
+ERROR:  function name "test_ambiguous_funcname" is not unique
+HINT:  Specify the argument list to select the function unambiguously.
+-- cleanup
+DROP FUNCTION test_ambiguous_funcname(int);
+DROP FUNCTION test_ambiguous_funcname(text);
+-- Likewise for procedures.
+CREATE PROCEDURE test_ambiguous_procname(int) as $$ begin end; $$ language plpgsql;
+CREATE PROCEDURE test_ambiguous_procname(text) as $$ begin end; $$ language plpgsql;
+DROP PROCEDURE test_ambiguous_procname;
+ERROR:  procedure name "test_ambiguous_procname" is not unique
+HINT:  Specify the argument list to select the procedure unambiguously.
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS test_ambiguous_procname;
+ERROR:  procedure name "test_ambiguous_procname" is not unique
+HINT:  Specify the argument list to select the procedure unambiguously.
+-- Check we get a similar error if we use ROUTINE instead of PROCEDURE.
+DROP ROUTINE IF EXISTS test_ambiguous_procname;
+ERROR:  routine name "test_ambiguous_procname" is not unique
+HINT:  Specify the argument list to select the routine unambiguously.
+-- cleanup
+DROP PROCEDURE test_ambiguous_procname(int);
+DROP PROCEDURE test_ambiguous_procname(text);
+-- This test checks both the functionality of 'if exists' and the syntax
+-- of the drop database command.
+drop database test_database_exists (force);
+ERROR:  database "test_database_exists" does not exist
+drop database test_database_exists with (force);
+ERROR:  database "test_database_exists" does not exist
+drop database if exists test_database_exists (force);
+NOTICE:  database "test_database_exists" does not exist, skipping
+drop database if exists test_database_exists with (force);
+NOTICE:  database "test_database_exists" does not exist, skipping
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/drop_operator.out b/src/test/regress/expected/drop_operator.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc8f5e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/drop_operator.out
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+CREATE OPERATOR === (
+        PROCEDURE = int8eq,
+        LEFTARG = bigint,
+        RIGHTARG = bigint,
+        COMMUTATOR = ===
+);
+CREATE OPERATOR !== (
+        PROCEDURE = int8ne,
+        LEFTARG = bigint,
+        RIGHTARG = bigint,
+        NEGATOR = ===,
+        COMMUTATOR = !==
+);
+DROP OPERATOR !==(bigint, bigint);
+SELECT  ctid, oprcom
+FROM    pg_catalog.pg_operator fk
+WHERE   oprcom != 0 AND
+        NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_operator pk WHERE pk.oid = fk.oprcom);
+ ctid | oprcom 
+------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT  ctid, oprnegate
+FROM    pg_catalog.pg_operator fk
+WHERE   oprnegate != 0 AND
+        NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_operator pk WHERE pk.oid = fk.oprnegate);
+ ctid | oprnegate 
+------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP OPERATOR ===(bigint, bigint);
+CREATE OPERATOR <| (
+        PROCEDURE = int8lt,
+        LEFTARG = bigint,
+        RIGHTARG = bigint
+);
+CREATE OPERATOR |> (
+        PROCEDURE = int8gt,
+        LEFTARG = bigint,
+        RIGHTARG = bigint,
+        NEGATOR = <|,
+        COMMUTATOR = <|
+);
+DROP OPERATOR |>(bigint, bigint);
+SELECT  ctid, oprcom
+FROM    pg_catalog.pg_operator fk
+WHERE   oprcom != 0 AND
+        NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_operator pk WHERE pk.oid = fk.oprcom);
+ ctid | oprcom 
+------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT  ctid, oprnegate
+FROM    pg_catalog.pg_operator fk
+WHERE   oprnegate != 0 AND
+        NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_operator pk WHERE pk.oid = fk.oprnegate);
+ ctid | oprnegate 
+------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP OPERATOR <|(bigint, bigint);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/enum.out b/src/test/regress/expected/enum.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..908f67e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/enum.out
@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+--
+-- Enum tests
+--
+CREATE TYPE rainbow AS ENUM ('red', 'orange', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue', 'purple');
+--
+-- Did it create the right number of rows?
+--
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_enum WHERE enumtypid = 'rainbow'::regtype;
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- I/O functions
+--
+SELECT 'red'::rainbow;
+ rainbow 
+---------
+ red
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'mauve'::rainbow;
+ERROR:  invalid input value for enum rainbow: "mauve"
+LINE 1: SELECT 'mauve'::rainbow;
+               ^
+--
+-- adding new values
+--
+CREATE TYPE planets AS ENUM ( 'venus', 'earth', 'mars' );
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'planets'::regtype
+ORDER BY 2;
+ enumlabel | enumsortorder 
+-----------+---------------
+ venus     |             1
+ earth     |             2
+ mars      |             3
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'uranus';
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'planets'::regtype
+ORDER BY 2;
+ enumlabel | enumsortorder 
+-----------+---------------
+ venus     |             1
+ earth     |             2
+ mars      |             3
+ uranus    |             4
+(4 rows)
+
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'mercury' BEFORE 'venus';
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'saturn' BEFORE 'uranus';
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'jupiter' AFTER 'mars';
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'neptune' AFTER 'uranus';
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'planets'::regtype
+ORDER BY 2;
+ enumlabel | enumsortorder 
+-----------+---------------
+ mercury   |             0
+ venus     |             1
+ earth     |             2
+ mars      |             3
+ jupiter   |          3.25
+ saturn    |           3.5
+ uranus    |             4
+ neptune   |             5
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'planets'::regtype
+ORDER BY enumlabel::planets;
+ enumlabel | enumsortorder 
+-----------+---------------
+ mercury   |             0
+ venus     |             1
+ earth     |             2
+ mars      |             3
+ jupiter   |          3.25
+ saturn    |           3.5
+ uranus    |             4
+ neptune   |             5
+(8 rows)
+
+-- errors for adding labels
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE
+  'plutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutopluto';
+ERROR:  invalid enum label "plutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutopluto"
+DETAIL:  Labels must be 63 bytes or less.
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'pluto' AFTER 'zeus';
+ERROR:  "zeus" is not an existing enum label
+-- if not exists tests
+--  existing value gives error
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'mercury';
+ERROR:  enum label "mercury" already exists
+-- unless IF NOT EXISTS is specified
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE IF NOT EXISTS 'mercury';
+NOTICE:  enum label "mercury" already exists, skipping
+-- should be neptune, not mercury
+SELECT enum_last(NULL::planets);
+ enum_last 
+-----------
+ neptune
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE IF NOT EXISTS 'pluto';
+-- should be pluto, i.e. the new value
+SELECT enum_last(NULL::planets);
+ enum_last 
+-----------
+ pluto
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test inserting so many values that we have to renumber
+--
+create type insenum as enum ('L1', 'L2');
+alter type insenum add value 'i1' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i2' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i3' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i4' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i5' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i6' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i7' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i8' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i9' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i10' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i11' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i12' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i13' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i14' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i15' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i16' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i17' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i18' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i19' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i20' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i21' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i22' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i23' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i24' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i25' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i26' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i27' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i28' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i29' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i30' before 'L2';
+-- The exact values of enumsortorder will now depend on the local properties
+-- of float4, but in any reasonable implementation we should get at least
+-- 20 splits before having to renumber; so only hide values > 20.
+SELECT enumlabel,
+       case when enumsortorder > 20 then null else enumsortorder end as so
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'insenum'::regtype
+ORDER BY enumsortorder;
+ enumlabel | so 
+-----------+----
+ L1        |  1
+ i1        |  2
+ i2        |  3
+ i3        |  4
+ i4        |  5
+ i5        |  6
+ i6        |  7
+ i7        |  8
+ i8        |  9
+ i9        | 10
+ i10       | 11
+ i11       | 12
+ i12       | 13
+ i13       | 14
+ i14       | 15
+ i15       | 16
+ i16       | 17
+ i17       | 18
+ i18       | 19
+ i19       | 20
+ i20       |   
+ i21       |   
+ i22       |   
+ i23       |   
+ i24       |   
+ i25       |   
+ i26       |   
+ i27       |   
+ i28       |   
+ i29       |   
+ i30       |   
+ L2        |   
+(32 rows)
+
+--
+-- Basic table creation, row selection
+--
+CREATE TABLE enumtest (col rainbow);
+INSERT INTO enumtest values ('red'), ('orange'), ('yellow'), ('green');
+COPY enumtest FROM stdin;
+SELECT * FROM enumtest;
+  col   
+--------
+ red
+ orange
+ yellow
+ green
+ blue
+ purple
+(6 rows)
+
+--
+-- Operators, no index
+--
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col = 'orange';
+  col   
+--------
+ orange
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col <> 'orange' ORDER BY col;
+  col   
+--------
+ red
+ yellow
+ green
+ blue
+ purple
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col > 'yellow' ORDER BY col;
+  col   
+--------
+ green
+ blue
+ purple
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col >= 'yellow' ORDER BY col;
+  col   
+--------
+ yellow
+ green
+ blue
+ purple
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col < 'green' ORDER BY col;
+  col   
+--------
+ red
+ orange
+ yellow
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col <= 'green' ORDER BY col;
+  col   
+--------
+ red
+ orange
+ yellow
+ green
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Cast to/from text
+--
+SELECT 'red'::rainbow::text || 'hithere';
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ redhithere
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'red'::text::rainbow = 'red'::rainbow;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Aggregates
+--
+SELECT min(col) FROM enumtest;
+ min 
+-----
+ red
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT max(col) FROM enumtest;
+  max   
+--------
+ purple
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT max(col) FROM enumtest WHERE col < 'green';
+  max   
+--------
+ yellow
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Index tests, force use of index
+--
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = off;
+--
+-- Btree index / opclass with the various operators
+--
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX enumtest_btree ON enumtest USING btree (col);
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col = 'orange';
+  col   
+--------
+ orange
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col <> 'orange' ORDER BY col;
+  col   
+--------
+ red
+ yellow
+ green
+ blue
+ purple
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col > 'yellow' ORDER BY col;
+  col   
+--------
+ green
+ blue
+ purple
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col >= 'yellow' ORDER BY col;
+  col   
+--------
+ yellow
+ green
+ blue
+ purple
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col < 'green' ORDER BY col;
+  col   
+--------
+ red
+ orange
+ yellow
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col <= 'green' ORDER BY col;
+  col   
+--------
+ red
+ orange
+ yellow
+ green
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT min(col) FROM enumtest;
+ min 
+-----
+ red
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT max(col) FROM enumtest;
+  max   
+--------
+ purple
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT max(col) FROM enumtest WHERE col < 'green';
+  max   
+--------
+ yellow
+(1 row)
+
+DROP INDEX enumtest_btree;
+--
+-- Hash index / opclass with the = operator
+--
+CREATE INDEX enumtest_hash ON enumtest USING hash (col);
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col = 'orange';
+  col   
+--------
+ orange
+(1 row)
+
+DROP INDEX enumtest_hash;
+--
+-- End index tests
+--
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+--
+-- Domains over enums
+--
+CREATE DOMAIN rgb AS rainbow CHECK (VALUE IN ('red', 'green', 'blue'));
+SELECT 'red'::rgb;
+ rgb 
+-----
+ red
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'purple'::rgb;
+ERROR:  value for domain rgb violates check constraint "rgb_check"
+SELECT 'purple'::rainbow::rgb;
+ERROR:  value for domain rgb violates check constraint "rgb_check"
+DROP DOMAIN rgb;
+--
+-- Arrays
+--
+SELECT '{red,green,blue}'::rainbow[];
+     rainbow      
+------------------
+ {red,green,blue}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ('{red,green,blue}'::rainbow[])[2];
+ rainbow 
+---------
+ green
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'red' = ANY ('{red,green,blue}'::rainbow[]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'yellow' = ANY ('{red,green,blue}'::rainbow[]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'red' = ALL ('{red,green,blue}'::rainbow[]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'red' = ALL ('{red,red}'::rainbow[]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Support functions
+--
+SELECT enum_first(NULL::rainbow);
+ enum_first 
+------------
+ red
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT enum_last('green'::rainbow);
+ enum_last 
+-----------
+ purple
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT enum_range(NULL::rainbow);
+              enum_range               
+---------------------------------------
+ {red,orange,yellow,green,blue,purple}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT enum_range('orange'::rainbow, 'green'::rainbow);
+      enum_range       
+-----------------------
+ {orange,yellow,green}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT enum_range(NULL, 'green'::rainbow);
+        enum_range         
+---------------------------
+ {red,orange,yellow,green}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT enum_range('orange'::rainbow, NULL);
+            enum_range             
+-----------------------------------
+ {orange,yellow,green,blue,purple}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT enum_range(NULL::rainbow, NULL);
+              enum_range               
+---------------------------------------
+ {red,orange,yellow,green,blue,purple}
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- User functions, can't test perl/python etc here since may not be compiled.
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION echo_me(anyenum) RETURNS text AS $$
+BEGIN
+RETURN $1::text || 'omg';
+END
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT echo_me('red'::rainbow);
+ echo_me 
+---------
+ redomg
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Concrete function should override generic one
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION echo_me(rainbow) RETURNS text AS $$
+BEGIN
+RETURN $1::text || 'wtf';
+END
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT echo_me('red'::rainbow);
+ echo_me 
+---------
+ redwtf
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- If we drop the original generic one, we don't have to qualify the type
+-- anymore, since there's only one match
+--
+DROP FUNCTION echo_me(anyenum);
+SELECT echo_me('red');
+ echo_me 
+---------
+ redwtf
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION echo_me(rainbow);
+--
+-- RI triggers on enum types
+--
+CREATE TABLE enumtest_parent (id rainbow PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE enumtest_child (parent rainbow REFERENCES enumtest_parent);
+INSERT INTO enumtest_parent VALUES ('red');
+INSERT INTO enumtest_child VALUES ('red');
+INSERT INTO enumtest_child VALUES ('blue');  -- fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "enumtest_child" violates foreign key constraint "enumtest_child_parent_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (parent)=(blue) is not present in table "enumtest_parent".
+DELETE FROM enumtest_parent;  -- fail
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "enumtest_parent" violates foreign key constraint "enumtest_child_parent_fkey" on table "enumtest_child"
+DETAIL:  Key (id)=(red) is still referenced from table "enumtest_child".
+--
+-- cross-type RI should fail
+--
+CREATE TYPE bogus AS ENUM('good', 'bad', 'ugly');
+CREATE TABLE enumtest_bogus_child(parent bogus REFERENCES enumtest_parent);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "enumtest_bogus_child_parent_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "parent" and "id" are of incompatible types: bogus and rainbow.
+DROP TYPE bogus;
+-- check renaming a value
+ALTER TYPE rainbow RENAME VALUE 'red' TO 'crimson';
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'rainbow'::regtype
+ORDER BY 2;
+ enumlabel | enumsortorder 
+-----------+---------------
+ crimson   |             1
+ orange    |             2
+ yellow    |             3
+ green     |             4
+ blue      |             5
+ purple    |             6
+(6 rows)
+
+-- check that renaming a non-existent value fails
+ALTER TYPE rainbow RENAME VALUE 'red' TO 'crimson';
+ERROR:  "red" is not an existing enum label
+-- check that renaming to an existent value fails
+ALTER TYPE rainbow RENAME VALUE 'blue' TO 'green';
+ERROR:  enum label "green" already exists
+--
+-- check transactional behaviour of ALTER TYPE ... ADD VALUE
+--
+CREATE TYPE bogus AS ENUM('good');
+-- check that we can add new values to existing enums in a transaction
+-- but we can't use them
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TYPE bogus ADD VALUE 'new';
+SAVEPOINT x;
+SELECT 'new'::bogus;  -- unsafe
+ERROR:  unsafe use of new value "new" of enum type bogus
+LINE 1: SELECT 'new'::bogus;
+               ^
+HINT:  New enum values must be committed before they can be used.
+ROLLBACK TO x;
+SELECT enum_first(null::bogus);  -- safe
+ enum_first 
+------------
+ good
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT enum_last(null::bogus);  -- unsafe
+ERROR:  unsafe use of new value "new" of enum type bogus
+HINT:  New enum values must be committed before they can be used.
+ROLLBACK TO x;
+SELECT enum_range(null::bogus);  -- unsafe
+ERROR:  unsafe use of new value "new" of enum type bogus
+HINT:  New enum values must be committed before they can be used.
+ROLLBACK TO x;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT 'new'::bogus;  -- now safe
+ bogus 
+-------
+ new
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'bogus'::regtype
+ORDER BY 2;
+ enumlabel | enumsortorder 
+-----------+---------------
+ good      |             1
+ new       |             2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- check that we recognize the case where the enum already existed but was
+-- modified in the current txn; this should not be considered safe
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TYPE bogus RENAME TO bogon;
+ALTER TYPE bogon ADD VALUE 'bad';
+SELECT 'bad'::bogon;
+ERROR:  unsafe use of new value "bad" of enum type bogon
+LINE 1: SELECT 'bad'::bogon;
+               ^
+HINT:  New enum values must be committed before they can be used.
+ROLLBACK;
+-- but a renamed value is safe to use later in same transaction
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TYPE bogus RENAME VALUE 'good' to 'bad';
+SELECT 'bad'::bogus;
+ bogus 
+-------
+ bad
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TYPE bogus;
+-- check that values created during CREATE TYPE can be used in any case
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TYPE bogus AS ENUM('good','bad','ugly');
+ALTER TYPE bogus RENAME TO bogon;
+select enum_range(null::bogon);
+   enum_range    
+-----------------
+ {good,bad,ugly}
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- ideally, we'd allow this usage; but it requires keeping track of whether
+-- the enum type was created in the current transaction, which is expensive
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TYPE bogus AS ENUM('good');
+ALTER TYPE bogus RENAME TO bogon;
+ALTER TYPE bogon ADD VALUE 'bad';
+ALTER TYPE bogon ADD VALUE 'ugly';
+select enum_range(null::bogon);  -- fails
+ERROR:  unsafe use of new value "bad" of enum type bogon
+HINT:  New enum values must be committed before they can be used.
+ROLLBACK;
+--
+-- Cleanup
+--
+DROP TABLE enumtest_child;
+DROP TABLE enumtest_parent;
+DROP TABLE enumtest;
+DROP TYPE rainbow;
+--
+-- Verify properly cleaned up
+--
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_type WHERE typname = 'rainbow';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_enum WHERE NOT EXISTS
+  (SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE pg_type.oid = enumtypid);
+ oid | enumtypid | enumsortorder | enumlabel 
+-----+-----------+---------------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/equivclass.out b/src/test/regress/expected/equivclass.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..126f704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/equivclass.out
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+--
+-- Tests for the planner's "equivalence class" mechanism
+--
+-- One thing that's not tested well during normal querying is the logic
+-- for handling "broken" ECs.  This is because an EC can only become broken
+-- if its underlying btree operator family doesn't include a complete set
+-- of cross-type equality operators.  There are not (and should not be)
+-- any such families built into Postgres; so we have to hack things up
+-- to create one.  We do this by making two alias types that are really
+-- int8 (so we need no new C code) and adding only some operators for them
+-- into the standard integer_ops opfamily.
+create type int8alias1;
+create function int8alias1in(cstring) returns int8alias1
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8in';
+NOTICE:  return type int8alias1 is only a shell
+create function int8alias1out(int8alias1) returns cstring
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8out';
+NOTICE:  argument type int8alias1 is only a shell
+create type int8alias1 (
+    input = int8alias1in,
+    output = int8alias1out,
+    like = int8
+);
+create type int8alias2;
+create function int8alias2in(cstring) returns int8alias2
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8in';
+NOTICE:  return type int8alias2 is only a shell
+create function int8alias2out(int8alias2) returns cstring
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8out';
+NOTICE:  argument type int8alias2 is only a shell
+create type int8alias2 (
+    input = int8alias2in,
+    output = int8alias2out,
+    like = int8
+);
+create cast (int8 as int8alias1) without function;
+create cast (int8 as int8alias2) without function;
+create cast (int8alias1 as int8) without function;
+create cast (int8alias2 as int8) without function;
+create function int8alias1eq(int8alias1, int8alias1) returns bool
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8eq';
+create operator = (
+    procedure = int8alias1eq,
+    leftarg = int8alias1, rightarg = int8alias1,
+    commutator = =,
+    restrict = eqsel, join = eqjoinsel,
+    merges
+);
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  operator 3 = (int8alias1, int8alias1);
+create function int8alias2eq(int8alias2, int8alias2) returns bool
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8eq';
+create operator = (
+    procedure = int8alias2eq,
+    leftarg = int8alias2, rightarg = int8alias2,
+    commutator = =,
+    restrict = eqsel, join = eqjoinsel,
+    merges
+);
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  operator 3 = (int8alias2, int8alias2);
+create function int8alias1eq(int8, int8alias1) returns bool
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8eq';
+create operator = (
+    procedure = int8alias1eq,
+    leftarg = int8, rightarg = int8alias1,
+    restrict = eqsel, join = eqjoinsel,
+    merges
+);
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  operator 3 = (int8, int8alias1);
+create function int8alias1eq(int8alias1, int8alias2) returns bool
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8eq';
+create operator = (
+    procedure = int8alias1eq,
+    leftarg = int8alias1, rightarg = int8alias2,
+    restrict = eqsel, join = eqjoinsel,
+    merges
+);
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  operator 3 = (int8alias1, int8alias2);
+create function int8alias1lt(int8alias1, int8alias1) returns bool
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8lt';
+create operator < (
+    procedure = int8alias1lt,
+    leftarg = int8alias1, rightarg = int8alias1
+);
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  operator 1 < (int8alias1, int8alias1);
+create function int8alias1cmp(int8, int8alias1) returns int
+  strict immutable language internal as 'btint8cmp';
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  function 1 int8alias1cmp (int8, int8alias1);
+create table ec0 (ff int8 primary key, f1 int8, f2 int8);
+create table ec1 (ff int8 primary key, f1 int8alias1, f2 int8alias2);
+create table ec2 (xf int8 primary key, x1 int8alias1, x2 int8alias2);
+-- for the moment we only want to look at nestloop plans
+set enable_hashjoin = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+--
+-- Note that for cases where there's a missing operator, we don't care so
+-- much whether the plan is ideal as that we don't fail or generate an
+-- outright incorrect plan.
+--
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec0 where ff = f1 and f1 = '42'::int8;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Index Scan using ec0_pkey on ec0
+   Index Cond: (ff = '42'::bigint)
+   Filter: (f1 = '42'::bigint)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec0 where ff = f1 and f1 = '42'::int8alias1;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using ec0_pkey on ec0
+   Index Cond: (ff = '42'::int8alias1)
+   Filter: (f1 = '42'::int8alias1)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1 where ff = f1 and f1 = '42'::int8alias1;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+   Index Cond: (ff = '42'::int8alias1)
+   Filter: (f1 = '42'::int8alias1)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1 where ff = f1 and f1 = '42'::int8alias2;
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on ec1
+   Filter: ((ff = f1) AND (f1 = '42'::int8alias2))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1, ec2 where ff = x1 and ff = '42'::int8;
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (ec1.ff = ec2.x1)
+   ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+         Index Cond: ((ff = '42'::bigint) AND (ff = '42'::bigint))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ec2
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1, ec2 where ff = x1 and ff = '42'::int8alias1;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+         Index Cond: (ff = '42'::int8alias1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ec2
+         Filter: (x1 = '42'::int8alias1)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1, ec2 where ff = x1 and '42'::int8 = x1;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (ec1.ff = ec2.x1)
+   ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+         Index Cond: (ff = '42'::bigint)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ec2
+         Filter: ('42'::bigint = x1)
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1, ec2 where ff = x1 and x1 = '42'::int8alias1;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+         Index Cond: (ff = '42'::int8alias1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ec2
+         Filter: (x1 = '42'::int8alias1)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1, ec2 where ff = x1 and x1 = '42'::int8alias2;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on ec2
+         Filter: (x1 = '42'::int8alias2)
+   ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+         Index Cond: (ff = ec2.x1)
+(5 rows)
+
+create unique index ec1_expr1 on ec1((ff + 1));
+create unique index ec1_expr2 on ec1((ff + 2 + 1));
+create unique index ec1_expr3 on ec1((ff + 3 + 1));
+create unique index ec1_expr4 on ec1((ff + 4));
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ec1.ff = 42::int8;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+         Index Cond: (ff = '42'::bigint)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr2 on ec1 ec1_1
+               Index Cond: (((ff + 2) + 1) = ec1.f1)
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr3 on ec1 ec1_2
+               Index Cond: (((ff + 3) + 1) = ec1.f1)
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr4 on ec1 ec1_3
+               Index Cond: ((ff + 4) = ec1.f1)
+(10 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ec1.ff = 42::int8 and ec1.ff = ec1.f1;
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: ((((ec1_1.ff + 2) + 1)) = ec1.f1)
+   ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+         Index Cond: ((ff = '42'::bigint) AND (ff = '42'::bigint))
+         Filter: (ff = f1)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr2 on ec1 ec1_1
+               Index Cond: (((ff + 2) + 1) = '42'::bigint)
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr3 on ec1 ec1_2
+               Index Cond: (((ff + 3) + 1) = '42'::bigint)
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr4 on ec1 ec1_3
+               Index Cond: ((ff + 4) = '42'::bigint)
+(12 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss2
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ss1.x = ss2.x and ec1.ff = 42::int8;
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+               Index Cond: (ff = '42'::bigint)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr2 on ec1 ec1_1
+                     Index Cond: (((ff + 2) + 1) = ec1.f1)
+               ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr3 on ec1 ec1_2
+                     Index Cond: (((ff + 3) + 1) = ec1.f1)
+               ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr4 on ec1 ec1_3
+                     Index Cond: ((ff + 4) = ec1.f1)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr2 on ec1 ec1_4
+               Index Cond: (((ff + 2) + 1) = (((ec1_1.ff + 2) + 1)))
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr3 on ec1 ec1_5
+               Index Cond: (((ff + 3) + 1) = (((ec1_1.ff + 2) + 1)))
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr4 on ec1 ec1_6
+               Index Cond: ((ff + 4) = (((ec1_1.ff + 2) + 1)))
+(18 rows)
+
+-- let's try that as a mergejoin
+set enable_mergejoin = on;
+set enable_nestloop = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss2
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ss1.x = ss2.x and ec1.ff = 42::int8;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Join
+   Merge Cond: ((((ec1_4.ff + 2) + 1)) = (((ec1_1.ff + 2) + 1)))
+   ->  Merge Append
+         Sort Key: (((ec1_4.ff + 2) + 1))
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr2 on ec1 ec1_4
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr3 on ec1 ec1_5
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr4 on ec1 ec1_6
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Merge Join
+               Merge Cond: ((((ec1_1.ff + 2) + 1)) = ec1.f1)
+               ->  Merge Append
+                     Sort Key: (((ec1_1.ff + 2) + 1))
+                     ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr2 on ec1 ec1_1
+                     ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr3 on ec1 ec1_2
+                     ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr4 on ec1 ec1_3
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: ec1.f1 USING <
+                     ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+                           Index Cond: (ff = '42'::bigint)
+(19 rows)
+
+-- check partially indexed scan
+set enable_nestloop = on;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+drop index ec1_expr3;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ec1.ff = 42::int8;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+         Index Cond: (ff = '42'::bigint)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr2 on ec1 ec1_1
+               Index Cond: (((ff + 2) + 1) = ec1.f1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on ec1 ec1_2
+               Filter: (((ff + 3) + 1) = ec1.f1)
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr4 on ec1 ec1_3
+               Index Cond: ((ff + 4) = ec1.f1)
+(10 rows)
+
+-- let's try that as a mergejoin
+set enable_mergejoin = on;
+set enable_nestloop = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ec1.ff = 42::int8;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Join
+   Merge Cond: ((((ec1_1.ff + 2) + 1)) = ec1.f1)
+   ->  Merge Append
+         Sort Key: (((ec1_1.ff + 2) + 1))
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr2 on ec1 ec1_1
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: (((ec1_2.ff + 3) + 1))
+               ->  Seq Scan on ec1 ec1_2
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_expr4 on ec1 ec1_3
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: ec1.f1 USING <
+         ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1
+               Index Cond: (ff = '42'::bigint)
+(13 rows)
+
+-- check effects of row-level security
+set enable_nestloop = on;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+alter table ec1 enable row level security;
+create policy p1 on ec1 using (f1 < '5'::int8alias1);
+create user regress_user_ectest;
+grant select on ec0 to regress_user_ectest;
+grant select on ec1 to regress_user_ectest;
+-- without any RLS, we'll treat {a.ff, b.ff, 43} as an EquivalenceClass
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec0 a, ec1 b
+  where a.ff = b.ff and a.ff = 43::bigint::int8alias1;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Index Scan using ec0_pkey on ec0 a
+         Index Cond: (ff = '43'::int8alias1)
+   ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1 b
+         Index Cond: (ff = '43'::int8alias1)
+(5 rows)
+
+set session authorization regress_user_ectest;
+-- with RLS active, the non-leakproof a.ff = 43 clause is not treated
+-- as a suitable source for an EquivalenceClass; currently, this is true
+-- even though the RLS clause has nothing to do directly with the EC
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec0 a, ec1 b
+  where a.ff = b.ff and a.ff = 43::bigint::int8alias1;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Index Scan using ec0_pkey on ec0 a
+         Index Cond: (ff = '43'::int8alias1)
+   ->  Index Scan using ec1_pkey on ec1 b
+         Index Cond: (ff = a.ff)
+         Filter: (f1 < '5'::int8alias1)
+(6 rows)
+
+reset session authorization;
+revoke select on ec0 from regress_user_ectest;
+revoke select on ec1 from regress_user_ectest;
+drop user regress_user_ectest;
+-- check that X=X is converted to X IS NOT NULL when appropriate
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from tenk1 where unique1 = unique1 and unique2 = unique2;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on tenk1
+   Filter: ((unique1 IS NOT NULL) AND (unique2 IS NOT NULL))
+(2 rows)
+
+-- this could be converted, but isn't at present
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from tenk1 where unique1 = unique1 or unique2 = unique2;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on tenk1
+   Filter: ((unique1 = unique1) OR (unique2 = unique2))
+(2 rows)
+
+-- check that we recognize equivalence with dummy domains in the way
+create temp table undername (f1 name, f2 int);
+create temp view overview as
+  select f1::information_schema.sql_identifier as sqli, f2 from undername;
+explain (costs off)  -- this should not require a sort
+  select * from overview where sqli = 'foo' order by sqli;
+          QUERY PLAN          
+------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on undername
+   Filter: (f1 = 'foo'::name)
+(2 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/errors.out b/src/test/regress/expected/errors.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c52747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/errors.out
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+--
+-- ERRORS
+--
+-- bad in postquel, but ok in PostgreSQL
+select 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- UNSUPPORTED STUFF
+-- doesn't work
+-- notify pg_class
+--
+--
+-- SELECT
+-- this used to be a syntax error, but now we allow an empty target list
+select;
+--
+(1 row)
+
+-- no such relation
+select * from nonesuch;
+ERROR:  relation "nonesuch" does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from nonesuch;
+                      ^
+-- bad name in target list
+select nonesuch from pg_database;
+ERROR:  column "nonesuch" does not exist
+LINE 1: select nonesuch from pg_database;
+               ^
+-- empty distinct list isn't OK
+select distinct from pg_database;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "from"
+LINE 1: select distinct from pg_database;
+                        ^
+-- bad attribute name on lhs of operator
+select * from pg_database where nonesuch = pg_database.datname;
+ERROR:  column "nonesuch" does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from pg_database where nonesuch = pg_database.datna...
+                                        ^
+-- bad attribute name on rhs of operator
+select * from pg_database where pg_database.datname = nonesuch;
+ERROR:  column "nonesuch" does not exist
+LINE 1: ...ect * from pg_database where pg_database.datname = nonesuch;
+                                                              ^
+-- bad attribute name in select distinct on
+select distinct on (foobar) * from pg_database;
+ERROR:  column "foobar" does not exist
+LINE 1: select distinct on (foobar) * from pg_database;
+                            ^
+-- grouping with FOR UPDATE
+select null from pg_database group by datname for update;
+ERROR:  FOR UPDATE is not allowed with GROUP BY clause
+select null from pg_database group by grouping sets (()) for update;
+ERROR:  FOR UPDATE is not allowed with GROUP BY clause
+--
+-- DELETE
+-- missing relation name (this had better not wildcard!)
+delete from;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: delete from;
+                   ^
+-- no such relation
+delete from nonesuch;
+ERROR:  relation "nonesuch" does not exist
+LINE 1: delete from nonesuch;
+                    ^
+--
+-- DROP
+-- missing relation name (this had better not wildcard!)
+drop table;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: drop table;
+                  ^
+-- no such relation
+drop table nonesuch;
+ERROR:  table "nonesuch" does not exist
+--
+-- ALTER TABLE
+-- relation renaming
+-- missing relation name
+alter table rename;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: alter table rename;
+                          ^
+-- no such relation
+alter table nonesuch rename to newnonesuch;
+ERROR:  relation "nonesuch" does not exist
+-- no such relation
+alter table nonesuch rename to stud_emp;
+ERROR:  relation "nonesuch" does not exist
+-- conflict
+alter table stud_emp rename to student;
+ERROR:  relation "student" already exists
+-- self-conflict
+alter table stud_emp rename to stud_emp;
+ERROR:  relation "stud_emp" already exists
+-- attribute renaming
+-- no such relation
+alter table nonesuchrel rename column nonesuchatt to newnonesuchatt;
+ERROR:  relation "nonesuchrel" does not exist
+-- no such attribute
+alter table emp rename column nonesuchatt to newnonesuchatt;
+ERROR:  column "nonesuchatt" does not exist
+-- conflict
+alter table emp rename column salary to manager;
+ERROR:  column "manager" of relation "stud_emp" already exists
+-- conflict
+alter table emp rename column salary to ctid;
+ERROR:  column name "ctid" conflicts with a system column name
+--
+-- TRANSACTION STUFF
+-- not in a xact
+abort;
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+-- not in a xact
+end;
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+--
+-- CREATE AGGREGATE
+-- sfunc/finalfunc type disagreement
+create aggregate newavg2 (sfunc = int4pl,
+			  basetype = int4,
+			  stype = int4,
+			  finalfunc = int2um,
+			  initcond = '0');
+ERROR:  function int2um(integer) does not exist
+-- left out basetype
+create aggregate newcnt1 (sfunc = int4inc,
+			  stype = int4,
+			  initcond = '0');
+ERROR:  aggregate input type must be specified
+--
+-- DROP INDEX
+-- missing index name
+drop index;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: drop index;
+                  ^
+-- bad index name
+drop index 314159;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "314159"
+LINE 1: drop index 314159;
+                   ^
+-- no such index
+drop index nonesuch;
+ERROR:  index "nonesuch" does not exist
+--
+-- DROP AGGREGATE
+-- missing aggregate name
+drop aggregate;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: drop aggregate;
+                      ^
+-- missing aggregate type
+drop aggregate newcnt1;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: drop aggregate newcnt1;
+                              ^
+-- bad aggregate name
+drop aggregate 314159 (int);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "314159"
+LINE 1: drop aggregate 314159 (int);
+                       ^
+-- bad aggregate type
+drop aggregate newcnt (nonesuch);
+ERROR:  type "nonesuch" does not exist
+-- no such aggregate
+drop aggregate nonesuch (int4);
+ERROR:  aggregate nonesuch(integer) does not exist
+-- no such aggregate for type
+drop aggregate newcnt (float4);
+ERROR:  aggregate newcnt(real) does not exist
+--
+-- DROP FUNCTION
+-- missing function name
+drop function ();
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "("
+LINE 1: drop function ();
+                      ^
+-- bad function name
+drop function 314159();
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "314159"
+LINE 1: drop function 314159();
+                      ^
+-- no such function
+drop function nonesuch();
+ERROR:  function nonesuch() does not exist
+--
+-- DROP TYPE
+-- missing type name
+drop type;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: drop type;
+                 ^
+-- bad type name
+drop type 314159;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "314159"
+LINE 1: drop type 314159;
+                  ^
+-- no such type
+drop type nonesuch;
+ERROR:  type "nonesuch" does not exist
+--
+-- DROP OPERATOR
+-- missing everything
+drop operator;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: drop operator;
+                     ^
+-- bad operator name
+drop operator equals;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: drop operator equals;
+                            ^
+-- missing type list
+drop operator ===;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: drop operator ===;
+                         ^
+-- missing parentheses
+drop operator int4, int4;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ","
+LINE 1: drop operator int4, int4;
+                          ^
+-- missing operator name
+drop operator (int4, int4);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "("
+LINE 1: drop operator (int4, int4);
+                      ^
+-- missing type list contents
+drop operator === ();
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ")"
+LINE 1: drop operator === ();
+                           ^
+-- no such operator
+drop operator === (int4);
+ERROR:  missing argument
+LINE 1: drop operator === (int4);
+                               ^
+HINT:  Use NONE to denote the missing argument of a unary operator.
+-- no such operator by that name
+drop operator === (int4, int4);
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: integer === integer
+-- no such type1
+drop operator = (nonesuch);
+ERROR:  missing argument
+LINE 1: drop operator = (nonesuch);
+                                 ^
+HINT:  Use NONE to denote the missing argument of a unary operator.
+-- no such type1
+drop operator = ( , int4);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ","
+LINE 1: drop operator = ( , int4);
+                          ^
+-- no such type1
+drop operator = (nonesuch, int4);
+ERROR:  type "nonesuch" does not exist
+-- no such type2
+drop operator = (int4, nonesuch);
+ERROR:  type "nonesuch" does not exist
+-- no such type2
+drop operator = (int4, );
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ")"
+LINE 1: drop operator = (int4, );
+                               ^
+--
+-- DROP RULE
+-- missing rule name
+drop rule;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: drop rule;
+                 ^
+-- bad rule name
+drop rule 314159;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "314159"
+LINE 1: drop rule 314159;
+                  ^
+-- no such rule
+drop rule nonesuch on noplace;
+ERROR:  relation "noplace" does not exist
+-- these postquel variants are no longer supported
+drop tuple rule nonesuch;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "tuple"
+LINE 1: drop tuple rule nonesuch;
+             ^
+drop instance rule nonesuch on noplace;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "instance"
+LINE 1: drop instance rule nonesuch on noplace;
+             ^
+drop rewrite rule nonesuch;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "rewrite"
+LINE 1: drop rewrite rule nonesuch;
+             ^
+--
+-- Check that division-by-zero is properly caught.
+--
+select 1/0;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select 1::int8/0;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select 1/0::int8;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select 1::int2/0;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select 1/0::int2;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select 1::numeric/0;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select 1/0::numeric;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select 1::float8/0;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select 1/0::float8;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select 1::float4/0;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select 1/0::float4;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+--
+-- Test psql's reporting of syntax error location
+--
+xxx;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "xxx"
+LINE 1: xxx;
+        ^
+CREATE foo;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "foo"
+LINE 1: CREATE foo;
+               ^
+CREATE TABLE ;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE ;
+                     ^
+CREATE TABLE
+\g
+ERROR:  syntax error at end of input
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE
+                    ^
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES(123) foo;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "foo"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO foo VALUES(123) foo;
+                                    ^
+INSERT INTO 123
+VALUES(123);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "123"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO 123
+                    ^
+INSERT INTO foo
+VALUES(123) 123
+;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "123"
+LINE 2: VALUES(123) 123
+                    ^
+-- with a tab
+CREATE TABLE foo
+  (id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+	id3 INTEGER NOT NUL,
+   id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "NUL"
+LINE 3:  id3 INTEGER NOT NUL,
+                         ^
+-- long line to be truncated on the left
+CREATE TABLE foo(id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL,
+id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "NUL"
+LINE 1: ...OT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL,
+                                                                   ^
+-- long line to be truncated on the right
+CREATE TABLE foo(
+id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL, id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "NUL"
+LINE 2: id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQ...
+                        ^
+-- long line to be truncated both ways
+CREATE TABLE foo(id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "NUL"
+LINE 1: ...L, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 I...
+                                                             ^
+-- long line to be truncated on the left, many lines
+CREATE
+TEMPORARY
+TABLE
+foo(id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL,
+id4 INT4
+UNIQUE
+NOT
+NULL,
+id5 TEXT
+UNIQUE
+NOT
+NULL)
+;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "NUL"
+LINE 4: ...OT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL,
+                                                                   ^
+-- long line to be truncated on the right, many lines
+CREATE
+TEMPORARY
+TABLE
+foo(
+id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL, id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY)
+;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "NUL"
+LINE 5: id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQ...
+                        ^
+-- long line to be truncated both ways, many lines
+CREATE
+TEMPORARY
+TABLE
+foo
+(id
+INT4
+UNIQUE NOT NULL, idx INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, idy INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+idz INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+idv INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "NUL"
+LINE 7: ...L, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 I...
+                                                             ^
+-- more than 10 lines...
+CREATE
+TEMPORARY
+TABLE
+foo
+(id
+INT4
+UNIQUE
+NOT
+NULL
+,
+idm
+INT4
+UNIQUE
+NOT
+NULL,
+idx INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, idy INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+idz INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+idv
+INT4
+UNIQUE
+NOT
+NULL);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "NUL"
+LINE 16: ...L, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 I...
+                                                              ^
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/event_trigger.out b/src/test/regress/expected/event_trigger.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a10958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/event_trigger.out
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+-- should fail, return type mismatch
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger
+   on ddl_command_start
+   execute procedure pg_backend_pid();
+ERROR:  function pg_backend_pid must return type event_trigger
+-- OK
+create function test_event_trigger() returns event_trigger as $$
+BEGIN
+    RAISE NOTICE 'test_event_trigger: % %', tg_event, tg_tag;
+END
+$$ language plpgsql;
+-- should fail, can't call it as a plain function
+SELECT test_event_trigger();
+ERROR:  trigger functions can only be called as triggers
+CONTEXT:  compilation of PL/pgSQL function "test_event_trigger" near line 1
+-- should fail, event triggers cannot have declared arguments
+create function test_event_trigger_arg(name text)
+returns event_trigger as $$ BEGIN RETURN 1; END $$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  event trigger functions cannot have declared arguments
+CONTEXT:  compilation of PL/pgSQL function "test_event_trigger_arg" near line 1
+-- should fail, SQL functions cannot be event triggers
+create function test_event_trigger_sql() returns event_trigger as $$
+SELECT 1 $$ language sql;
+ERROR:  SQL functions cannot return type event_trigger
+-- should fail, no elephant_bootstrap entry point
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger on elephant_bootstrap
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+ERROR:  unrecognized event name "elephant_bootstrap"
+-- OK
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger on ddl_command_start
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+-- OK
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger_end on ddl_command_end
+   execute function test_event_trigger();
+-- should fail, food is not a valid filter variable
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when food in ('sandwich')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+ERROR:  unrecognized filter variable "food"
+-- should fail, sandwich is not a valid command tag
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('sandwich')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+ERROR:  filter value "sandwich" not recognized for filter variable "tag"
+-- should fail, create skunkcabbage is not a valid command tag
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('create table', 'create skunkcabbage')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+ERROR:  filter value "create skunkcabbage" not recognized for filter variable "tag"
+-- should fail, can't have event triggers on event triggers
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('DROP EVENT TRIGGER')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+ERROR:  event triggers are not supported for DROP EVENT TRIGGER
+-- should fail, can't have event triggers on global objects
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('CREATE ROLE')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+ERROR:  event triggers are not supported for CREATE ROLE
+-- should fail, can't have event triggers on global objects
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('CREATE DATABASE')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+ERROR:  event triggers are not supported for CREATE DATABASE
+-- should fail, can't have event triggers on global objects
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('CREATE TABLESPACE')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+ERROR:  event triggers are not supported for CREATE TABLESPACE
+-- should fail, can't have same filter variable twice
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('create table') and tag in ('CREATE FUNCTION')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+ERROR:  filter variable "tag" specified more than once
+-- should fail, can't have arguments
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger('argument not allowed');
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "'argument not allowed'"
+LINE 2:    execute procedure test_event_trigger('argument not allowe...
+                                                ^
+-- OK
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('create table', 'CREATE FUNCTION')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+-- OK
+comment on event trigger regress_event_trigger is 'test comment';
+-- drop as non-superuser should fail
+create role regress_evt_user;
+set role regress_evt_user;
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger_noperms on ddl_command_start
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+ERROR:  permission denied to create event trigger "regress_event_trigger_noperms"
+HINT:  Must be superuser to create an event trigger.
+reset role;
+-- test enabling and disabling
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger disable;
+-- fires _trigger2 and _trigger_end should fire, but not _trigger
+create table event_trigger_fire1 (a int);
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE TABLE
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end CREATE TABLE
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger enable;
+set session_replication_role = replica;
+-- fires nothing
+create table event_trigger_fire2 (a int);
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger enable replica;
+-- fires only _trigger
+create table event_trigger_fire3 (a int);
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE TABLE
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger enable always;
+-- fires only _trigger
+create table event_trigger_fire4 (a int);
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE TABLE
+reset session_replication_role;
+-- fires all three
+create table event_trigger_fire5 (a int);
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE TABLE
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE TABLE
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end CREATE TABLE
+-- non-top-level command
+create function f1() returns int
+language plpgsql
+as $$
+begin
+  create table event_trigger_fire6 (a int);
+  return 0;
+end $$;
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE FUNCTION
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE FUNCTION
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end CREATE FUNCTION
+select f1();
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE TABLE
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE TABLE
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end CREATE TABLE
+ f1 
+----
+  0
+(1 row)
+
+-- non-top-level command
+create procedure p1()
+language plpgsql
+as $$
+begin
+  create table event_trigger_fire7 (a int);
+end $$;
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE PROCEDURE
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end CREATE PROCEDURE
+call p1();
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE TABLE
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_start CREATE TABLE
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end CREATE TABLE
+-- clean up
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger disable;
+drop table event_trigger_fire2, event_trigger_fire3, event_trigger_fire4, event_trigger_fire5, event_trigger_fire6, event_trigger_fire7;
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end DROP TABLE
+drop routine f1(), p1();
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end DROP ROUTINE
+-- regress_event_trigger_end should fire on these commands
+grant all on table event_trigger_fire1 to public;
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end GRANT
+comment on table event_trigger_fire1 is 'here is a comment';
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end COMMENT
+revoke all on table event_trigger_fire1 from public;
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end REVOKE
+drop table event_trigger_fire1;
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end DROP TABLE
+create foreign data wrapper useless;
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
+create server useless_server foreign data wrapper useless;
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end CREATE SERVER
+create user mapping for regress_evt_user server useless_server;
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end CREATE USER MAPPING
+alter default privileges for role regress_evt_user
+ revoke delete on tables from regress_evt_user;
+NOTICE:  test_event_trigger: ddl_command_end ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
+-- alter owner to non-superuser should fail
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger owner to regress_evt_user;
+ERROR:  permission denied to change owner of event trigger "regress_event_trigger"
+HINT:  The owner of an event trigger must be a superuser.
+-- alter owner to superuser should work
+alter role regress_evt_user superuser;
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger owner to regress_evt_user;
+-- should fail, name collision
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger rename to regress_event_trigger2;
+ERROR:  event trigger "regress_event_trigger2" already exists
+-- OK
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger rename to regress_event_trigger3;
+-- should fail, doesn't exist any more
+drop event trigger regress_event_trigger;
+ERROR:  event trigger "regress_event_trigger" does not exist
+-- should fail, regress_evt_user owns some objects
+drop role regress_evt_user;
+ERROR:  role "regress_evt_user" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  owner of event trigger regress_event_trigger3
+owner of user mapping for regress_evt_user on server useless_server
+owner of default privileges on new relations belonging to role regress_evt_user
+-- cleanup before next test
+-- these are all OK; the second one should emit a NOTICE
+drop event trigger if exists regress_event_trigger2;
+drop event trigger if exists regress_event_trigger2;
+NOTICE:  event trigger "regress_event_trigger2" does not exist, skipping
+drop event trigger regress_event_trigger3;
+drop event trigger regress_event_trigger_end;
+-- test support for dropped objects
+CREATE SCHEMA schema_one authorization regress_evt_user;
+CREATE SCHEMA schema_two authorization regress_evt_user;
+CREATE SCHEMA audit_tbls authorization regress_evt_user;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE a_temp_tbl ();
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_evt_user;
+CREATE TABLE schema_one.table_one(a int);
+CREATE TABLE schema_one."table two"(a int);
+CREATE TABLE schema_one.table_three(a int);
+CREATE TABLE audit_tbls.schema_one_table_two(the_value text);
+CREATE TABLE schema_two.table_two(a int);
+CREATE TABLE schema_two.table_three(a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE audit_tbls.schema_two_table_three(the_value text);
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION schema_two.add(int, int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE plpgsql
+  CALLED ON NULL INPUT
+  AS $$ BEGIN RETURN coalesce($1,0) + coalesce($2,0); END; $$;
+CREATE AGGREGATE schema_two.newton
+  (BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = schema_two.add, STYPE = int);
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE TABLE undroppable_objs (
+	object_type text,
+	object_identity text
+);
+INSERT INTO undroppable_objs VALUES
+('table', 'schema_one.table_three'),
+('table', 'audit_tbls.schema_two_table_three');
+CREATE TABLE dropped_objects (
+	type text,
+	schema text,
+	object text
+);
+-- This tests errors raised within event triggers; the one in audit_tbls
+-- uses 2nd-level recursive invocation via test_evtrig_dropped_objects().
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION undroppable() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+DECLARE
+	obj record;
+BEGIN
+	PERFORM 1 FROM pg_tables WHERE tablename = 'undroppable_objs';
+	IF NOT FOUND THEN
+		RAISE NOTICE 'table undroppable_objs not found, skipping';
+		RETURN;
+	END IF;
+	FOR obj IN
+		SELECT * FROM pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects() JOIN
+			undroppable_objs USING (object_type, object_identity)
+	LOOP
+		RAISE EXCEPTION 'object % of type % cannot be dropped',
+			obj.object_identity, obj.object_type;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER undroppable ON sql_drop
+	EXECUTE PROCEDURE undroppable();
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_evtrig_dropped_objects() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+DECLARE
+    obj record;
+BEGIN
+    FOR obj IN SELECT * FROM pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects()
+    LOOP
+        IF obj.object_type = 'table' THEN
+                EXECUTE format('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS audit_tbls.%I',
+					format('%s_%s', obj.schema_name, obj.object_name));
+        END IF;
+
+	INSERT INTO dropped_objects
+		(type, schema, object) VALUES
+		(obj.object_type, obj.schema_name, obj.object_identity);
+    END LOOP;
+END
+$$;
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_drop_objects ON sql_drop
+	WHEN TAG IN ('drop table', 'drop function', 'drop view',
+		'drop owned', 'drop schema', 'alter table')
+	EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_evtrig_dropped_objects();
+ALTER TABLE schema_one.table_one DROP COLUMN a;
+DROP SCHEMA schema_one, schema_two CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 7 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table schema_two.table_two
+drop cascades to table schema_two.table_three
+drop cascades to function schema_two.add(integer,integer)
+drop cascades to function schema_two.newton(integer)
+drop cascades to table schema_one.table_one
+drop cascades to table schema_one."table two"
+drop cascades to table schema_one.table_three
+NOTICE:  table "schema_two_table_two" does not exist, skipping
+NOTICE:  table "audit_tbls_schema_two_table_three" does not exist, skipping
+ERROR:  object audit_tbls.schema_two_table_three of type table cannot be dropped
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function undroppable() line 14 at RAISE
+SQL statement "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS audit_tbls.schema_two_table_three"
+PL/pgSQL function test_evtrig_dropped_objects() line 8 at EXECUTE
+DELETE FROM undroppable_objs WHERE object_identity = 'audit_tbls.schema_two_table_three';
+DROP SCHEMA schema_one, schema_two CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 7 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table schema_two.table_two
+drop cascades to table schema_two.table_three
+drop cascades to function schema_two.add(integer,integer)
+drop cascades to function schema_two.newton(integer)
+drop cascades to table schema_one.table_one
+drop cascades to table schema_one."table two"
+drop cascades to table schema_one.table_three
+NOTICE:  table "schema_two_table_two" does not exist, skipping
+NOTICE:  table "audit_tbls_schema_two_table_three" does not exist, skipping
+NOTICE:  table "schema_one_table_one" does not exist, skipping
+NOTICE:  table "schema_one_table two" does not exist, skipping
+NOTICE:  table "schema_one_table_three" does not exist, skipping
+ERROR:  object schema_one.table_three of type table cannot be dropped
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function undroppable() line 14 at RAISE
+DELETE FROM undroppable_objs WHERE object_identity = 'schema_one.table_three';
+DROP SCHEMA schema_one, schema_two CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 7 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table schema_two.table_two
+drop cascades to table schema_two.table_three
+drop cascades to function schema_two.add(integer,integer)
+drop cascades to function schema_two.newton(integer)
+drop cascades to table schema_one.table_one
+drop cascades to table schema_one."table two"
+drop cascades to table schema_one.table_three
+NOTICE:  table "schema_two_table_two" does not exist, skipping
+NOTICE:  table "audit_tbls_schema_two_table_three" does not exist, skipping
+NOTICE:  table "schema_one_table_one" does not exist, skipping
+NOTICE:  table "schema_one_table two" does not exist, skipping
+NOTICE:  table "schema_one_table_three" does not exist, skipping
+SELECT * FROM dropped_objects WHERE schema IS NULL OR schema <> 'pg_toast';
+     type     |   schema   |               object                
+--------------+------------+-------------------------------------
+ table column | schema_one | schema_one.table_one.a
+ schema       |            | schema_two
+ table        | schema_two | schema_two.table_two
+ type         | schema_two | schema_two.table_two
+ type         | schema_two | schema_two.table_two[]
+ table        | audit_tbls | audit_tbls.schema_two_table_three
+ type         | audit_tbls | audit_tbls.schema_two_table_three
+ type         | audit_tbls | audit_tbls.schema_two_table_three[]
+ table        | schema_two | schema_two.table_three
+ type         | schema_two | schema_two.table_three
+ type         | schema_two | schema_two.table_three[]
+ function     | schema_two | schema_two.add(integer,integer)
+ aggregate    | schema_two | schema_two.newton(integer)
+ schema       |            | schema_one
+ table        | schema_one | schema_one.table_one
+ type         | schema_one | schema_one.table_one
+ type         | schema_one | schema_one.table_one[]
+ table        | schema_one | schema_one."table two"
+ type         | schema_one | schema_one."table two"
+ type         | schema_one | schema_one."table two"[]
+ table        | schema_one | schema_one.table_three
+ type         | schema_one | schema_one.table_three
+ type         | schema_one | schema_one.table_three[]
+(23 rows)
+
+DROP OWNED BY regress_evt_user;
+NOTICE:  schema "audit_tbls" does not exist, skipping
+SELECT * FROM dropped_objects WHERE type = 'schema';
+  type  | schema |   object   
+--------+--------+------------
+ schema |        | schema_two
+ schema |        | schema_one
+ schema |        | audit_tbls
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP ROLE regress_evt_user;
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_drop_objects;
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER undroppable;
+-- Event triggers on relations.
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION event_trigger_report_dropped()
+ RETURNS event_trigger
+ LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE r record;
+BEGIN
+    FOR r IN SELECT * from pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects()
+    LOOP
+    IF NOT r.normal AND NOT r.original THEN
+        CONTINUE;
+    END IF;
+    RAISE NOTICE 'NORMAL: orig=% normal=% istemp=% type=% identity=% name=% args=%',
+        r.original, r.normal, r.is_temporary, r.object_type,
+        r.object_identity, r.address_names, r.address_args;
+    END LOOP;
+END; $$;
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_report_dropped ON sql_drop
+    EXECUTE PROCEDURE event_trigger_report_dropped();
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION event_trigger_report_end()
+ RETURNS event_trigger
+ LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE r RECORD;
+BEGIN
+    FOR r IN SELECT * FROM pg_event_trigger_ddl_commands()
+    LOOP
+        RAISE NOTICE 'END: command_tag=% type=% identity=%',
+            r.command_tag, r.object_type, r.object_identity;
+    END LOOP;
+END; $$;
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_report_end ON ddl_command_end
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE event_trigger_report_end();
+CREATE SCHEMA evttrig
+	CREATE TABLE one (col_a SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, col_b text DEFAULT 'forty two', col_c SERIAL)
+	CREATE INDEX one_idx ON one (col_b)
+	CREATE TABLE two (col_c INTEGER CHECK (col_c > 0) REFERENCES one DEFAULT 42)
+	CREATE TABLE id (col_d int NOT NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY);
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE SCHEMA type=schema identity=evttrig
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE SEQUENCE type=sequence identity=evttrig.one_col_a_seq
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE SEQUENCE type=sequence identity=evttrig.one_col_c_seq
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.one
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE INDEX type=index identity=evttrig.one_pkey
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=ALTER SEQUENCE type=sequence identity=evttrig.one_col_a_seq
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=ALTER SEQUENCE type=sequence identity=evttrig.one_col_c_seq
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.two
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=ALTER TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.two
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE SEQUENCE type=sequence identity=evttrig.id_col_d_seq
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.id
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=ALTER SEQUENCE type=sequence identity=evttrig.id_col_d_seq
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE INDEX type=index identity=evttrig.one_idx
+-- Partitioned tables with a partitioned index
+CREATE TABLE evttrig.parted (
+    id int PRIMARY KEY)
+    PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.parted
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE INDEX type=index identity=evttrig.parted_pkey
+CREATE TABLE evttrig.part_1_10 PARTITION OF evttrig.parted (id)
+  FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.part_1_10
+CREATE TABLE evttrig.part_10_20 PARTITION OF evttrig.parted (id)
+  FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20) PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.part_10_20
+CREATE TABLE evttrig.part_10_15 PARTITION OF evttrig.part_10_20 (id)
+  FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (15);
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.part_10_15
+CREATE TABLE evttrig.part_15_20 PARTITION OF evttrig.part_10_20 (id)
+  FOR VALUES FROM (15) TO (20);
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.part_15_20
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.two DROP COLUMN col_c;
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=t normal=f istemp=f type=table column identity=evttrig.two.col_c name={evttrig,two,col_c} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=table constraint identity=two_col_c_check on evttrig.two name={evttrig,two,two_col_c_check} args={}
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=ALTER TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.two
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.one ALTER COLUMN col_b DROP DEFAULT;
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=t normal=f istemp=f type=default value identity=for evttrig.one.col_b name={evttrig,one,col_b} args={}
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=ALTER TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.one
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.one DROP CONSTRAINT one_pkey;
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=t normal=f istemp=f type=table constraint identity=one_pkey on evttrig.one name={evttrig,one,one_pkey} args={}
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=ALTER TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.one
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.one DROP COLUMN col_c;
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=t normal=f istemp=f type=table column identity=evttrig.one.col_c name={evttrig,one,col_c} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=default value identity=for evttrig.one.col_c name={evttrig,one,col_c} args={}
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=ALTER TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.one
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.id ALTER COLUMN col_d SET DATA TYPE bigint;
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=ALTER SEQUENCE type=sequence identity=evttrig.id_col_d_seq
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=ALTER TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.id
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.id ALTER COLUMN col_d DROP IDENTITY,
+  ALTER COLUMN col_d SET DATA TYPE int;
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=ALTER TABLE type=table identity=evttrig.id
+DROP INDEX evttrig.one_idx;
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=t normal=f istemp=f type=index identity=evttrig.one_idx name={evttrig,one_idx} args={}
+DROP SCHEMA evttrig CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 4 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table evttrig.one
+drop cascades to table evttrig.two
+drop cascades to table evttrig.id
+drop cascades to table evttrig.parted
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=t normal=f istemp=f type=schema identity=evttrig name={evttrig} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=table identity=evttrig.one name={evttrig,one} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=sequence identity=evttrig.one_col_a_seq name={evttrig,one_col_a_seq} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=default value identity=for evttrig.one.col_a name={evttrig,one,col_a} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=table identity=evttrig.two name={evttrig,two} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=table identity=evttrig.id name={evttrig,id} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=table identity=evttrig.parted name={evttrig,parted} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=table identity=evttrig.part_1_10 name={evttrig,part_1_10} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=table identity=evttrig.part_10_20 name={evttrig,part_10_20} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=table identity=evttrig.part_10_15 name={evttrig,part_10_15} args={}
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=f normal=t istemp=f type=table identity=evttrig.part_15_20 name={evttrig,part_15_20} args={}
+DROP TABLE a_temp_tbl;
+NOTICE:  NORMAL: orig=t normal=f istemp=t type=table identity=pg_temp.a_temp_tbl name={pg_temp,a_temp_tbl} args={}
+-- CREATE OPERATOR CLASS without FAMILY clause should report
+-- both CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY and CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS evttrigopclass FOR TYPE int USING btree AS STORAGE int;
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY type=operator family identity=public.evttrigopclass USING btree
+NOTICE:  END: command_tag=CREATE OPERATOR CLASS type=operator class identity=public.evttrigopclass USING btree
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_report_dropped;
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_report_end;
+-- only allowed from within an event trigger function, should fail
+select pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_oid();
+ERROR:  pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_oid() can only be called in a table_rewrite event trigger function
+-- test Table Rewrite Event Trigger
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_evtrig_no_rewrite() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE EXCEPTION 'rewrites not allowed';
+END;
+$$;
+create event trigger no_rewrite_allowed on table_rewrite
+  execute procedure test_evtrig_no_rewrite();
+create table rewriteme (id serial primary key, foo float, bar timestamptz);
+insert into rewriteme
+     select x * 1.001 from generate_series(1, 500) as t(x);
+alter table rewriteme alter column foo type numeric;
+ERROR:  rewrites not allowed
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function test_evtrig_no_rewrite() line 3 at RAISE
+alter table rewriteme add column baz int default 0;
+-- test with more than one reason to rewrite a single table
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_evtrig_no_rewrite() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'Table ''%'' is being rewritten (reason = %)',
+               pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_oid()::regclass,
+               pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_reason();
+END;
+$$;
+alter table rewriteme
+ add column onemore int default 0,
+ add column another int default -1,
+ alter column foo type numeric(10,4);
+NOTICE:  Table 'rewriteme' is being rewritten (reason = 4)
+-- matview rewrite when changing access method
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv USING heap AS SELECT 1 AS a;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+NOTICE:  Table 'heapmv' is being rewritten (reason = 8)
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv;
+-- shouldn't trigger a table_rewrite event
+alter table rewriteme alter column foo type numeric(12,4);
+begin;
+set timezone to 'UTC';
+alter table rewriteme alter column bar type timestamp;
+set timezone to '0';
+alter table rewriteme alter column bar type timestamptz;
+set timezone to 'Europe/London';
+alter table rewriteme alter column bar type timestamp; -- does rewrite
+NOTICE:  Table 'rewriteme' is being rewritten (reason = 4)
+rollback;
+-- typed tables are rewritten when their type changes.  Don't emit table
+-- name, because firing order is not stable.
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_evtrig_no_rewrite() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'Table is being rewritten (reason = %)',
+               pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_reason();
+END;
+$$;
+create type rewritetype as (a int);
+create table rewritemetoo1 of rewritetype;
+create table rewritemetoo2 of rewritetype;
+alter type rewritetype alter attribute a type text cascade;
+NOTICE:  Table is being rewritten (reason = 4)
+NOTICE:  Table is being rewritten (reason = 4)
+-- but this doesn't work
+create table rewritemetoo3 (a rewritetype);
+alter type rewritetype alter attribute a type varchar cascade;
+ERROR:  cannot alter type "rewritetype" because column "rewritemetoo3.a" uses it
+drop table rewriteme;
+drop event trigger no_rewrite_allowed;
+drop function test_evtrig_no_rewrite();
+-- test Row Security Event Trigger
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE TABLE event_trigger_test (a integer, b text);
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION start_command()
+RETURNS event_trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+RAISE NOTICE '% - ddl_command_start', tg_tag;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION end_command()
+RETURNS event_trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+RAISE NOTICE '% - ddl_command_end', tg_tag;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION drop_sql_command()
+RETURNS event_trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+RAISE NOTICE '% - sql_drop', tg_tag;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER start_rls_command ON ddl_command_start
+    WHEN TAG IN ('CREATE POLICY', 'ALTER POLICY', 'DROP POLICY') EXECUTE PROCEDURE start_command();
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER end_rls_command ON ddl_command_end
+    WHEN TAG IN ('CREATE POLICY', 'ALTER POLICY', 'DROP POLICY') EXECUTE PROCEDURE end_command();
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER sql_drop_command ON sql_drop
+    WHEN TAG IN ('DROP POLICY') EXECUTE PROCEDURE drop_sql_command();
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON event_trigger_test USING (FALSE);
+NOTICE:  CREATE POLICY - ddl_command_start
+NOTICE:  CREATE POLICY - ddl_command_end
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON event_trigger_test USING (TRUE);
+NOTICE:  ALTER POLICY - ddl_command_start
+NOTICE:  ALTER POLICY - ddl_command_end
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON event_trigger_test RENAME TO p2;
+NOTICE:  ALTER POLICY - ddl_command_start
+NOTICE:  ALTER POLICY - ddl_command_end
+DROP POLICY p2 ON event_trigger_test;
+NOTICE:  DROP POLICY - ddl_command_start
+NOTICE:  DROP POLICY - sql_drop
+NOTICE:  DROP POLICY - ddl_command_end
+-- Check the object addresses of all the event triggers.
+SELECT
+    e.evtname,
+    pg_describe_object('pg_event_trigger'::regclass, e.oid, 0) as descr,
+    b.type, b.object_names, b.object_args,
+    pg_identify_object(a.classid, a.objid, a.objsubid) as ident
+  FROM pg_event_trigger as e,
+    LATERAL pg_identify_object_as_address('pg_event_trigger'::regclass, e.oid, 0) as b,
+    LATERAL pg_get_object_address(b.type, b.object_names, b.object_args) as a
+  ORDER BY e.evtname;
+      evtname      |              descr              |     type      |    object_names     | object_args |                         ident                          
+-------------------+---------------------------------+---------------+---------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
+ end_rls_command   | event trigger end_rls_command   | event trigger | {end_rls_command}   | {}          | ("event trigger",,end_rls_command,end_rls_command)
+ sql_drop_command  | event trigger sql_drop_command  | event trigger | {sql_drop_command}  | {}          | ("event trigger",,sql_drop_command,sql_drop_command)
+ start_rls_command | event trigger start_rls_command | event trigger | {start_rls_command} | {}          | ("event trigger",,start_rls_command,start_rls_command)
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER start_rls_command;
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER end_rls_command;
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER sql_drop_command;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/explain.out b/src/test/regress/expected/explain.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48620ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/explain.out
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+--
+-- EXPLAIN
+--
+-- There are many test cases elsewhere that use EXPLAIN as a vehicle for
+-- checking something else (usually planner behavior).  This file is
+-- concerned with testing EXPLAIN in its own right.
+--
+-- To produce stable regression test output, it's usually necessary to
+-- ignore details such as exact costs or row counts.  These filter
+-- functions replace changeable output details with fixed strings.
+create function explain_filter(text) returns setof text
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+    ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in execute $1
+    loop
+        -- Replace any numeric word with just 'N'
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, '-?\m\d+\M', 'N', 'g');
+        -- In sort output, the above won't match units-suffixed numbers
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, '\m\d+kB', 'NkB', 'g');
+        -- Ignore text-mode buffers output because it varies depending
+        -- on the system state
+        CONTINUE WHEN (ln ~ ' +Buffers: .*');
+        -- Ignore text-mode "Planning:" line because whether it's output
+        -- varies depending on the system state
+        CONTINUE WHEN (ln = 'Planning:');
+        return next ln;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+-- To produce valid JSON output, replace numbers with "0" or "0.0" not "N"
+create function explain_filter_to_json(text) returns jsonb
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+    data text := '';
+    ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in execute $1
+    loop
+        -- Replace any numeric word with just '0'
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, '\m\d+\M', '0', 'g');
+        data := data || ln;
+    end loop;
+    return data::jsonb;
+end;
+$$;
+-- Disable JIT, or we'll get different output on machines where that's been
+-- forced on
+set jit = off;
+-- Similarly, disable track_io_timing, to avoid output differences when
+-- enabled.
+set track_io_timing = off;
+-- Simple cases
+select explain_filter('explain select * from int8_tbl i8');
+                     explain_filter                      
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on int8_tbl i8  (cost=N.N..N.N rows=N width=N)
+(1 row)
+
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+                                        explain_filter                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on int8_tbl i8  (cost=N.N..N.N rows=N width=N) (actual time=N.N..N.N rows=N loops=N)
+ Planning Time: N.N ms
+ Execution Time: N.N ms
+(3 rows)
+
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze, verbose) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+                                            explain_filter                                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8  (cost=N.N..N.N rows=N width=N) (actual time=N.N..N.N rows=N loops=N)
+   Output: q1, q2
+ Planning Time: N.N ms
+ Execution Time: N.N ms
+(4 rows)
+
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze, buffers, format text) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+                                        explain_filter                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on int8_tbl i8  (cost=N.N..N.N rows=N width=N) (actual time=N.N..N.N rows=N loops=N)
+ Planning Time: N.N ms
+ Execution Time: N.N ms
+(3 rows)
+
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze, buffers, format xml) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+                     explain_filter                     
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ <explain xmlns="http://www.postgresql.org/N/explain"> +
+   <Query>                                             +
+     <Plan>                                            +
+       <Node-Type>Seq Scan</Node-Type>                 +
+       <Parallel-Aware>false</Parallel-Aware>          +
+       <Async-Capable>false</Async-Capable>            +
+       <Relation-Name>int8_tbl</Relation-Name>         +
+       <Alias>i8</Alias>                               +
+       <Startup-Cost>N.N</Startup-Cost>                +
+       <Total-Cost>N.N</Total-Cost>                    +
+       <Plan-Rows>N</Plan-Rows>                        +
+       <Plan-Width>N</Plan-Width>                      +
+       <Actual-Startup-Time>N.N</Actual-Startup-Time>  +
+       <Actual-Total-Time>N.N</Actual-Total-Time>      +
+       <Actual-Rows>N</Actual-Rows>                    +
+       <Actual-Loops>N</Actual-Loops>                  +
+       <Shared-Hit-Blocks>N</Shared-Hit-Blocks>        +
+       <Shared-Read-Blocks>N</Shared-Read-Blocks>      +
+       <Shared-Dirtied-Blocks>N</Shared-Dirtied-Blocks>+
+       <Shared-Written-Blocks>N</Shared-Written-Blocks>+
+       <Local-Hit-Blocks>N</Local-Hit-Blocks>          +
+       <Local-Read-Blocks>N</Local-Read-Blocks>        +
+       <Local-Dirtied-Blocks>N</Local-Dirtied-Blocks>  +
+       <Local-Written-Blocks>N</Local-Written-Blocks>  +
+       <Temp-Read-Blocks>N</Temp-Read-Blocks>          +
+       <Temp-Written-Blocks>N</Temp-Written-Blocks>    +
+     </Plan>                                           +
+     <Planning>                                        +
+       <Shared-Hit-Blocks>N</Shared-Hit-Blocks>        +
+       <Shared-Read-Blocks>N</Shared-Read-Blocks>      +
+       <Shared-Dirtied-Blocks>N</Shared-Dirtied-Blocks>+
+       <Shared-Written-Blocks>N</Shared-Written-Blocks>+
+       <Local-Hit-Blocks>N</Local-Hit-Blocks>          +
+       <Local-Read-Blocks>N</Local-Read-Blocks>        +
+       <Local-Dirtied-Blocks>N</Local-Dirtied-Blocks>  +
+       <Local-Written-Blocks>N</Local-Written-Blocks>  +
+       <Temp-Read-Blocks>N</Temp-Read-Blocks>          +
+       <Temp-Written-Blocks>N</Temp-Written-Blocks>    +
+     </Planning>                                       +
+     <Planning-Time>N.N</Planning-Time>                +
+     <Triggers>                                        +
+     </Triggers>                                       +
+     <Execution-Time>N.N</Execution-Time>              +
+   </Query>                                            +
+ </explain>
+(1 row)
+
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze, buffers, format yaml) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+        explain_filter         
+-------------------------------
+ - Plan:                      +
+     Node Type: "Seq Scan"    +
+     Parallel Aware: false    +
+     Async Capable: false     +
+     Relation Name: "int8_tbl"+
+     Alias: "i8"              +
+     Startup Cost: N.N        +
+     Total Cost: N.N          +
+     Plan Rows: N             +
+     Plan Width: N            +
+     Actual Startup Time: N.N +
+     Actual Total Time: N.N   +
+     Actual Rows: N           +
+     Actual Loops: N          +
+     Shared Hit Blocks: N     +
+     Shared Read Blocks: N    +
+     Shared Dirtied Blocks: N +
+     Shared Written Blocks: N +
+     Local Hit Blocks: N      +
+     Local Read Blocks: N     +
+     Local Dirtied Blocks: N  +
+     Local Written Blocks: N  +
+     Temp Read Blocks: N      +
+     Temp Written Blocks: N   +
+   Planning:                  +
+     Shared Hit Blocks: N     +
+     Shared Read Blocks: N    +
+     Shared Dirtied Blocks: N +
+     Shared Written Blocks: N +
+     Local Hit Blocks: N      +
+     Local Read Blocks: N     +
+     Local Dirtied Blocks: N  +
+     Local Written Blocks: N  +
+     Temp Read Blocks: N      +
+     Temp Written Blocks: N   +
+   Planning Time: N.N         +
+   Triggers:                  +
+   Execution Time: N.N
+(1 row)
+
+select explain_filter('explain (buffers, format text) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+                     explain_filter                      
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on int8_tbl i8  (cost=N.N..N.N rows=N width=N)
+(1 row)
+
+select explain_filter('explain (buffers, format json) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+           explain_filter           
+------------------------------------
+ [                                 +
+   {                               +
+     "Plan": {                     +
+       "Node Type": "Seq Scan",    +
+       "Parallel Aware": false,    +
+       "Async Capable": false,     +
+       "Relation Name": "int8_tbl",+
+       "Alias": "i8",              +
+       "Startup Cost": N.N,        +
+       "Total Cost": N.N,          +
+       "Plan Rows": N,             +
+       "Plan Width": N,            +
+       "Shared Hit Blocks": N,     +
+       "Shared Read Blocks": N,    +
+       "Shared Dirtied Blocks": N, +
+       "Shared Written Blocks": N, +
+       "Local Hit Blocks": N,      +
+       "Local Read Blocks": N,     +
+       "Local Dirtied Blocks": N,  +
+       "Local Written Blocks": N,  +
+       "Temp Read Blocks": N,      +
+       "Temp Written Blocks": N    +
+     },                            +
+     "Planning": {                 +
+       "Shared Hit Blocks": N,     +
+       "Shared Read Blocks": N,    +
+       "Shared Dirtied Blocks": N, +
+       "Shared Written Blocks": N, +
+       "Local Hit Blocks": N,      +
+       "Local Read Blocks": N,     +
+       "Local Dirtied Blocks": N,  +
+       "Local Written Blocks": N,  +
+       "Temp Read Blocks": N,      +
+       "Temp Written Blocks": N    +
+     }                             +
+   }                               +
+ ]
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check output including I/O timings.  These fields are conditional
+-- but always set in JSON format, so check them only in this case.
+set track_io_timing = on;
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze, buffers, format json) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+           explain_filter           
+------------------------------------
+ [                                 +
+   {                               +
+     "Plan": {                     +
+       "Node Type": "Seq Scan",    +
+       "Parallel Aware": false,    +
+       "Async Capable": false,     +
+       "Relation Name": "int8_tbl",+
+       "Alias": "i8",              +
+       "Startup Cost": N.N,        +
+       "Total Cost": N.N,          +
+       "Plan Rows": N,             +
+       "Plan Width": N,            +
+       "Actual Startup Time": N.N, +
+       "Actual Total Time": N.N,   +
+       "Actual Rows": N,           +
+       "Actual Loops": N,          +
+       "Shared Hit Blocks": N,     +
+       "Shared Read Blocks": N,    +
+       "Shared Dirtied Blocks": N, +
+       "Shared Written Blocks": N, +
+       "Local Hit Blocks": N,      +
+       "Local Read Blocks": N,     +
+       "Local Dirtied Blocks": N,  +
+       "Local Written Blocks": N,  +
+       "Temp Read Blocks": N,      +
+       "Temp Written Blocks": N,   +
+       "I/O Read Time": N.N,       +
+       "I/O Write Time": N.N,      +
+       "Temp I/O Read Time": N.N,  +
+       "Temp I/O Write Time": N.N  +
+     },                            +
+     "Planning": {                 +
+       "Shared Hit Blocks": N,     +
+       "Shared Read Blocks": N,    +
+       "Shared Dirtied Blocks": N, +
+       "Shared Written Blocks": N, +
+       "Local Hit Blocks": N,      +
+       "Local Read Blocks": N,     +
+       "Local Dirtied Blocks": N,  +
+       "Local Written Blocks": N,  +
+       "Temp Read Blocks": N,      +
+       "Temp Written Blocks": N,   +
+       "I/O Read Time": N.N,       +
+       "I/O Write Time": N.N,      +
+       "Temp I/O Read Time": N.N,  +
+       "Temp I/O Write Time": N.N  +
+     },                            +
+     "Planning Time": N.N,         +
+     "Triggers": [                 +
+     ],                            +
+     "Execution Time": N.N         +
+   }                               +
+ ]
+(1 row)
+
+set track_io_timing = off;
+-- SETTINGS option
+-- We have to ignore other settings that might be imposed by the environment,
+-- so printing the whole Settings field unfortunately won't do.
+begin;
+set local plan_cache_mode = force_generic_plan;
+select true as "OK"
+  from explain_filter('explain (settings) select * from int8_tbl i8') ln
+  where ln ~ '^ *Settings: .*plan_cache_mode = ''force_generic_plan''';
+ OK 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select explain_filter_to_json('explain (settings, format json) select * from int8_tbl i8') #> '{0,Settings,plan_cache_mode}';
+       ?column?       
+----------------------
+ "force_generic_plan"
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+--
+-- Test production of per-worker data
+--
+-- Unfortunately, because we don't know how many worker processes we'll
+-- actually get (maybe none at all), we can't examine the "Workers" output
+-- in any detail.  We can check that it parses correctly as JSON, and then
+-- remove it from the displayed results.
+begin;
+-- encourage use of parallel plans
+set parallel_setup_cost=0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost=0;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size=0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather=4;
+select jsonb_pretty(
+  explain_filter_to_json('explain (analyze, verbose, buffers, format json)
+                         select * from tenk1 order by tenthous')
+  -- remove "Workers" node of the Seq Scan plan node
+  #- '{0,Plan,Plans,0,Plans,0,Workers}'
+  -- remove "Workers" node of the Sort plan node
+  #- '{0,Plan,Plans,0,Workers}'
+  -- Also remove its sort-type fields, as those aren't 100% stable
+  #- '{0,Plan,Plans,0,Sort Method}'
+  #- '{0,Plan,Plans,0,Sort Space Type}'
+);
+                        jsonb_pretty                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ [                                                          +
+     {                                                      +
+         "Plan": {                                          +
+             "Plans": [                                     +
+                 {                                          +
+                     "Plans": [                             +
+                         {                                  +
+                             "Alias": "tenk1",              +
+                             "Output": [                    +
+                                 "unique1",                 +
+                                 "unique2",                 +
+                                 "two",                     +
+                                 "four",                    +
+                                 "ten",                     +
+                                 "twenty",                  +
+                                 "hundred",                 +
+                                 "thousand",                +
+                                 "twothousand",             +
+                                 "fivethous",               +
+                                 "tenthous",                +
+                                 "odd",                     +
+                                 "even",                    +
+                                 "stringu1",                +
+                                 "stringu2",                +
+                                 "string4"                  +
+                             ],                             +
+                             "Schema": "public",            +
+                             "Node Type": "Seq Scan",       +
+                             "Plan Rows": 0,                +
+                             "Plan Width": 0,               +
+                             "Total Cost": 0.0,             +
+                             "Actual Rows": 0,              +
+                             "Actual Loops": 0,             +
+                             "Startup Cost": 0.0,           +
+                             "Async Capable": false,        +
+                             "Relation Name": "tenk1",      +
+                             "Parallel Aware": true,        +
+                             "Local Hit Blocks": 0,         +
+                             "Temp Read Blocks": 0,         +
+                             "Actual Total Time": 0.0,      +
+                             "Local Read Blocks": 0,        +
+                             "Shared Hit Blocks": 0,        +
+                             "Shared Read Blocks": 0,       +
+                             "Actual Startup Time": 0.0,    +
+                             "Parent Relationship": "Outer",+
+                             "Temp Written Blocks": 0,      +
+                             "Local Dirtied Blocks": 0,     +
+                             "Local Written Blocks": 0,     +
+                             "Shared Dirtied Blocks": 0,    +
+                             "Shared Written Blocks": 0     +
+                         }                                  +
+                     ],                                     +
+                     "Output": [                            +
+                         "unique1",                         +
+                         "unique2",                         +
+                         "two",                             +
+                         "four",                            +
+                         "ten",                             +
+                         "twenty",                          +
+                         "hundred",                         +
+                         "thousand",                        +
+                         "twothousand",                     +
+                         "fivethous",                       +
+                         "tenthous",                        +
+                         "odd",                             +
+                         "even",                            +
+                         "stringu1",                        +
+                         "stringu2",                        +
+                         "string4"                          +
+                     ],                                     +
+                     "Sort Key": [                          +
+                         "tenk1.tenthous"                   +
+                     ],                                     +
+                     "Node Type": "Sort",                   +
+                     "Plan Rows": 0,                        +
+                     "Plan Width": 0,                       +
+                     "Total Cost": 0.0,                     +
+                     "Actual Rows": 0,                      +
+                     "Actual Loops": 0,                     +
+                     "Startup Cost": 0.0,                   +
+                     "Async Capable": false,                +
+                     "Parallel Aware": false,               +
+                     "Sort Space Used": 0,                  +
+                     "Local Hit Blocks": 0,                 +
+                     "Temp Read Blocks": 0,                 +
+                     "Actual Total Time": 0.0,              +
+                     "Local Read Blocks": 0,                +
+                     "Shared Hit Blocks": 0,                +
+                     "Shared Read Blocks": 0,               +
+                     "Actual Startup Time": 0.0,            +
+                     "Parent Relationship": "Outer",        +
+                     "Temp Written Blocks": 0,              +
+                     "Local Dirtied Blocks": 0,             +
+                     "Local Written Blocks": 0,             +
+                     "Shared Dirtied Blocks": 0,            +
+                     "Shared Written Blocks": 0             +
+                 }                                          +
+             ],                                             +
+             "Output": [                                    +
+                 "unique1",                                 +
+                 "unique2",                                 +
+                 "two",                                     +
+                 "four",                                    +
+                 "ten",                                     +
+                 "twenty",                                  +
+                 "hundred",                                 +
+                 "thousand",                                +
+                 "twothousand",                             +
+                 "fivethous",                               +
+                 "tenthous",                                +
+                 "odd",                                     +
+                 "even",                                    +
+                 "stringu1",                                +
+                 "stringu2",                                +
+                 "string4"                                  +
+             ],                                             +
+             "Node Type": "Gather Merge",                   +
+             "Plan Rows": 0,                                +
+             "Plan Width": 0,                               +
+             "Total Cost": 0.0,                             +
+             "Actual Rows": 0,                              +
+             "Actual Loops": 0,                             +
+             "Startup Cost": 0.0,                           +
+             "Async Capable": false,                        +
+             "Parallel Aware": false,                       +
+             "Workers Planned": 0,                          +
+             "Local Hit Blocks": 0,                         +
+             "Temp Read Blocks": 0,                         +
+             "Workers Launched": 0,                         +
+             "Actual Total Time": 0.0,                      +
+             "Local Read Blocks": 0,                        +
+             "Shared Hit Blocks": 0,                        +
+             "Shared Read Blocks": 0,                       +
+             "Actual Startup Time": 0.0,                    +
+             "Temp Written Blocks": 0,                      +
+             "Local Dirtied Blocks": 0,                     +
+             "Local Written Blocks": 0,                     +
+             "Shared Dirtied Blocks": 0,                    +
+             "Shared Written Blocks": 0                     +
+         },                                                 +
+         "Planning": {                                      +
+             "Local Hit Blocks": 0,                         +
+             "Temp Read Blocks": 0,                         +
+             "Local Read Blocks": 0,                        +
+             "Shared Hit Blocks": 0,                        +
+             "Shared Read Blocks": 0,                       +
+             "Temp Written Blocks": 0,                      +
+             "Local Dirtied Blocks": 0,                     +
+             "Local Written Blocks": 0,                     +
+             "Shared Dirtied Blocks": 0,                    +
+             "Shared Written Blocks": 0                     +
+         },                                                 +
+         "Triggers": [                                      +
+         ],                                                 +
+         "Planning Time": 0.0,                              +
+         "Execution Time": 0.0                              +
+     }                                                      +
+ ]
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+-- Test display of temporary objects
+create temp table t1(f1 float8);
+create function pg_temp.mysin(float8) returns float8 language plpgsql
+as 'begin return sin($1); end';
+select explain_filter('explain (verbose) select * from t1 where pg_temp.mysin(f1) < 0.5');
+                       explain_filter                       
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on pg_temp.t1  (cost=N.N..N.N rows=N width=N)
+   Output: f1
+   Filter: (pg_temp.mysin(t1.f1) < 'N.N'::double precision)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Test compute_query_id
+set compute_query_id = on;
+select explain_filter('explain (verbose) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+                         explain_filter                         
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8  (cost=N.N..N.N rows=N width=N)
+   Output: q1, q2
+ Query Identifier: N
+(3 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/expressions.out b/src/test/regress/expected/expressions.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..889489a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/expressions.out
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+--
+-- expression evaluation tests that don't fit into a more specific file
+--
+--
+-- Tests for SQLValueFunction
+--
+-- current_date  (always matches because of transactional behaviour)
+SELECT date(now())::text = current_date::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- current_time / localtime
+SELECT now()::timetz::text = current_time::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT now()::timetz(4)::text = current_time(4)::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT now()::time::text = localtime::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT now()::time(3)::text = localtime(3)::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- current_timestamp / localtimestamp (always matches because of transactional behaviour)
+SELECT current_timestamp = NOW();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- precision
+SELECT length(current_timestamp::text) >= length(current_timestamp(0)::text);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- localtimestamp
+SELECT now()::timestamp::text = localtimestamp::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- current_role/user/user is tested in rolenames.sql
+-- current database / catalog
+SELECT current_catalog = current_database();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- current_schema
+SELECT current_schema;
+ current_schema 
+----------------
+ public
+(1 row)
+
+SET search_path = 'notme';
+SELECT current_schema;
+ current_schema 
+----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SET search_path = 'pg_catalog';
+SELECT current_schema;
+ current_schema 
+----------------
+ pg_catalog
+(1 row)
+
+RESET search_path;
+--
+-- Test parsing of a no-op cast to a type with unspecified typmod
+--
+begin;
+create table numeric_tbl (f1 numeric(18,3), f2 numeric);
+create view numeric_view as
+  select
+    f1, f1::numeric(16,4) as f1164, f1::numeric as f1n,
+    f2, f2::numeric(16,4) as f2164, f2::numeric as f2n
+  from numeric_tbl;
+\d+ numeric_view
+                           View "public.numeric_view"
+ Column |     Type      | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ f1     | numeric(18,3) |           |          |         | main    | 
+ f1164  | numeric(16,4) |           |          |         | main    | 
+ f1n    | numeric       |           |          |         | main    | 
+ f2     | numeric       |           |          |         | main    | 
+ f2164  | numeric(16,4) |           |          |         | main    | 
+ f2n    | numeric       |           |          |         | main    | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT numeric_tbl.f1,
+    numeric_tbl.f1::numeric(16,4) AS f1164,
+    numeric_tbl.f1::numeric AS f1n,
+    numeric_tbl.f2,
+    numeric_tbl.f2::numeric(16,4) AS f2164,
+    numeric_tbl.f2 AS f2n
+   FROM numeric_tbl;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from numeric_view;
+                                                                      QUERY PLAN                                                                       
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.numeric_tbl
+   Output: numeric_tbl.f1, (numeric_tbl.f1)::numeric(16,4), (numeric_tbl.f1)::numeric, numeric_tbl.f2, (numeric_tbl.f2)::numeric(16,4), numeric_tbl.f2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- bpchar, lacking planner support for its length coercion function,
+-- could behave differently
+create table bpchar_tbl (f1 character(16) unique, f2 bpchar);
+create view bpchar_view as
+  select
+    f1, f1::character(14) as f114, f1::bpchar as f1n,
+    f2, f2::character(14) as f214, f2::bpchar as f2n
+  from bpchar_tbl;
+\d+ bpchar_view
+                            View "public.bpchar_view"
+ Column |     Type      | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Description 
+--------+---------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+-------------
+ f1     | character(16) |           |          |         | extended | 
+ f114   | character(14) |           |          |         | extended | 
+ f1n    | bpchar        |           |          |         | extended | 
+ f2     | bpchar        |           |          |         | extended | 
+ f214   | character(14) |           |          |         | extended | 
+ f2n    | bpchar        |           |          |         | extended | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT bpchar_tbl.f1,
+    bpchar_tbl.f1::character(14) AS f114,
+    bpchar_tbl.f1::bpchar AS f1n,
+    bpchar_tbl.f2,
+    bpchar_tbl.f2::character(14) AS f214,
+    bpchar_tbl.f2 AS f2n
+   FROM bpchar_tbl;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from bpchar_view
+  where f1::bpchar = 'foo';
+                                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                                   
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using bpchar_tbl_f1_key on public.bpchar_tbl
+   Output: bpchar_tbl.f1, (bpchar_tbl.f1)::character(14), (bpchar_tbl.f1)::bpchar, bpchar_tbl.f2, (bpchar_tbl.f2)::character(14), bpchar_tbl.f2
+   Index Cond: ((bpchar_tbl.f1)::bpchar = 'foo'::bpchar)
+(3 rows)
+
+rollback;
+--
+-- Ordinarily, IN/NOT IN can be converted to a ScalarArrayOpExpr
+-- with a suitably-chosen array type.
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select random() IN (1, 4, 8.0);
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: (random() = ANY ('{1,4,8}'::double precision[]))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select random()::int IN (1, 4, 8.0);
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: (((random())::integer)::numeric = ANY ('{1,4,8.0}'::numeric[]))
+(2 rows)
+
+-- However, if there's not a common supertype for the IN elements,
+-- we should instead try to produce "x = v1 OR x = v2 OR ...".
+-- In most cases that'll fail for lack of all the requisite = operators,
+-- but it can succeed sometimes.  So this should complain about lack of
+-- an = operator, not about cast failure.
+select '(0,0)'::point in ('(0,0,0,0)'::box, point(0,0));
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: point = box
+LINE 1: select '(0,0)'::point in ('(0,0,0,0)'::box, point(0,0));
+                              ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+--
+-- Tests for ScalarArrayOpExpr with a hashfn
+--
+-- create a stable function so that the tests below are not
+-- evaluated using the planner's constant folding.
+begin;
+create function return_int_input(int) returns int as $$
+begin
+	return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql stable;
+create function return_text_input(text) returns text as $$
+begin
+	return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql stable;
+select return_int_input(1) in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select return_int_input(1) in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select return_int_input(1) in (null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select return_int_input(1) in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1, null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select return_int_input(null::int) in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select return_int_input(null::int) in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select return_text_input('a') in ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- NOT IN
+select return_int_input(1) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select return_int_input(1) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 0);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select return_int_input(1) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 2, null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select return_int_input(1) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1, null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select return_int_input(1) not in (null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select return_int_input(null::int) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select return_int_input(null::int) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select return_text_input('a') not in ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+-- Test with non-strict equality function.
+-- We need to create our own type for this.
+begin;
+create type myint;
+create function myintin(cstring) returns myint strict immutable language
+  internal as 'int4in';
+NOTICE:  return type myint is only a shell
+create function myintout(myint) returns cstring strict immutable language
+  internal as 'int4out';
+NOTICE:  argument type myint is only a shell
+create function myinthash(myint) returns integer strict immutable language
+  internal as 'hashint4';
+NOTICE:  argument type myint is only a shell
+create type myint (input = myintin, output = myintout, like = int4);
+create cast (int4 as myint) without function;
+create cast (myint as int4) without function;
+create function myinteq(myint, myint) returns bool as $$
+begin
+  if $1 is null and $2 is null then
+    return true;
+  else
+    return $1::int = $2::int;
+  end if;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+create function myintne(myint, myint) returns bool as $$
+begin
+  return not myinteq($1, $2);
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+create operator = (
+  leftarg    = myint,
+  rightarg   = myint,
+  commutator = =,
+  negator    = <>,
+  procedure  = myinteq,
+  restrict   = eqsel,
+  join       = eqjoinsel,
+  merges
+);
+create operator <> (
+  leftarg    = myint,
+  rightarg   = myint,
+  commutator = <>,
+  negator    = =,
+  procedure  = myintne,
+  restrict   = eqsel,
+  join       = eqjoinsel,
+  merges
+);
+create operator class myint_ops
+default for type myint using hash as
+  operator    1   =  (myint, myint),
+  function    1   myinthash(myint);
+create table inttest (a myint);
+insert into inttest values(1::myint),(null);
+-- try an array with enough elements to cause hashing
+select * from inttest where a in (1::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint,6::myint,7::myint,8::myint,9::myint, null);
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from inttest where a not in (1::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint,6::myint,7::myint,8::myint,9::myint, null);
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from inttest where a not in (0::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint,6::myint,7::myint,8::myint,9::myint, null);
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ensure the result matched with the non-hashed version.  We simply remove
+-- some array elements so that we don't reach the hashing threshold.
+select * from inttest where a in (1::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint, null);
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from inttest where a not in (1::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint, null);
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from inttest where a not in (0::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint, null);
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+rollback;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/fast_default.out b/src/test/regress/expected/fast_default.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91f2571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/fast_default.out
@@ -0,0 +1,843 @@
+--
+-- ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN DEFAULT test
+--
+SET search_path = fast_default;
+CREATE SCHEMA fast_default;
+CREATE TABLE m(id OID);
+INSERT INTO m VALUES (NULL::OID);
+CREATE FUNCTION set(tabname name) RETURNS VOID
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  UPDATE m
+  SET id = (SELECT c.relfilenode
+            FROM pg_class AS c, pg_namespace AS s
+            WHERE c.relname = tabname
+                AND c.relnamespace = s.oid
+                AND s.nspname = 'fast_default');
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
+CREATE FUNCTION comp() RETURNS TEXT
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RETURN (SELECT CASE
+               WHEN m.id = c.relfilenode THEN 'Unchanged'
+               ELSE 'Rewritten'
+               END
+           FROM m, pg_class AS c, pg_namespace AS s
+           WHERE c.relname = 't'
+               AND c.relnamespace = s.oid
+               AND s.nspname = 'fast_default');
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
+CREATE FUNCTION log_rewrite() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql as
+$func$
+
+declare
+   this_schema text;
+begin
+    select into this_schema relnamespace::regnamespace::text
+    from pg_class
+    where oid = pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_oid();
+    if this_schema = 'fast_default'
+    then
+        RAISE NOTICE 'rewriting table % for reason %',
+          pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_oid()::regclass,
+          pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_reason();
+    end if;
+end;
+$func$;
+CREATE TABLE has_volatile AS
+SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,10) id;
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER has_volatile_rewrite
+                  ON table_rewrite
+   EXECUTE PROCEDURE log_rewrite();
+-- only the last of these should trigger a rewrite
+ALTER TABLE has_volatile ADD col1 int;
+ALTER TABLE has_volatile ADD col2 int DEFAULT 1;
+ALTER TABLE has_volatile ADD col3 timestamptz DEFAULT current_timestamp;
+ALTER TABLE has_volatile ADD col4 int DEFAULT (random() * 10000)::int;
+NOTICE:  rewriting table has_volatile for reason 2
+-- Test a large sample of different datatypes
+CREATE TABLE T(pk INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, c_int INT DEFAULT 1);
+SELECT set('t');
+ set 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (1), (2);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_bpchar BPCHAR(5) DEFAULT 'hello',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_int SET DEFAULT 2;
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (3), (4);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_text TEXT  DEFAULT 'world',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_bpchar SET DEFAULT 'dog';
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (5), (6);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_date DATE DEFAULT '2016-06-02',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_text SET DEFAULT 'cat';
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (7), (8);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_timestamp TIMESTAMP DEFAULT '2016-09-01 12:00:00',
+              ADD COLUMN c_timestamp_null TIMESTAMP,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_date SET DEFAULT '2010-01-01';
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (9), (10);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_array TEXT[]
+                  DEFAULT '{"This", "is", "the", "real", "world"}',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_timestamp SET DEFAULT '1970-12-31 11:12:13',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_timestamp_null SET DEFAULT '2016-09-29 12:00:00';
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (11), (12);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_small SMALLINT DEFAULT -5,
+              ADD COLUMN c_small_null SMALLINT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_array
+                  SET DEFAULT '{"This", "is", "no", "fantasy"}';
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (13), (14);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_big BIGINT DEFAULT 180000000000018,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_small SET DEFAULT 9,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_small_null SET DEFAULT 13;
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (15), (16);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_num NUMERIC DEFAULT 1.00000000001,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_big SET DEFAULT -9999999999999999;
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (17), (18);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_time TIME DEFAULT '12:00:00',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_num SET DEFAULT 2.000000000000002;
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (19), (20);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_interval INTERVAL DEFAULT '1 day',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_time SET DEFAULT '23:59:59';
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (21), (22);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_hugetext TEXT DEFAULT repeat('abcdefg',1000),
+              ALTER COLUMN c_interval SET DEFAULT '3 hours';
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (23), (24);
+ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c_interval DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_hugetext SET DEFAULT repeat('poiuyt', 1000);
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (25), (26);
+ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c_bpchar    DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_date      DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_text      DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_timestamp DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_array     DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_small     DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_big       DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_num       DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_time      DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_hugetext  DROP DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (27), (28);
+SELECT pk, c_int, c_bpchar, c_text, c_date, c_timestamp,
+       c_timestamp_null, c_array, c_small, c_small_null,
+       c_big, c_num, c_time, c_interval,
+       c_hugetext = repeat('abcdefg',1000) as c_hugetext_origdef,
+       c_hugetext = repeat('poiuyt', 1000) as c_hugetext_newdef
+FROM T ORDER BY pk;
+ pk | c_int | c_bpchar | c_text |   c_date   |       c_timestamp        |     c_timestamp_null     |         c_array          | c_small | c_small_null |       c_big       |       c_num       |  c_time  | c_interval | c_hugetext_origdef | c_hugetext_newdef 
+----+-------+----------+--------+------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------------+-------------------+----------+------------+--------------------+-------------------
+  1 |     1 | hello    | world  | 06-02-2016 | Thu Sep 01 12:00:00 2016 |                          | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+  2 |     1 | hello    | world  | 06-02-2016 | Thu Sep 01 12:00:00 2016 |                          | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+  3 |     2 | hello    | world  | 06-02-2016 | Thu Sep 01 12:00:00 2016 |                          | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+  4 |     2 | hello    | world  | 06-02-2016 | Thu Sep 01 12:00:00 2016 |                          | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+  5 |     2 | dog      | world  | 06-02-2016 | Thu Sep 01 12:00:00 2016 |                          | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+  6 |     2 | dog      | world  | 06-02-2016 | Thu Sep 01 12:00:00 2016 |                          | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+  7 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 06-02-2016 | Thu Sep 01 12:00:00 2016 |                          | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+  8 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 06-02-2016 | Thu Sep 01 12:00:00 2016 |                          | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+  9 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Sep 01 12:00:00 2016 |                          | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 10 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Sep 01 12:00:00 2016 |                          | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 11 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 12 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,the,real,world} |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 13 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 14 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |      -5 |              |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 15 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 16 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 |   180000000000018 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 17 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 | -9999999999999999 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 18 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 | -9999999999999999 |     1.00000000001 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 19 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 | -9999999999999999 | 2.000000000000002 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 20 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 | -9999999999999999 | 2.000000000000002 | 12:00:00 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 21 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 | -9999999999999999 | 2.000000000000002 | 23:59:59 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 22 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 | -9999999999999999 | 2.000000000000002 | 23:59:59 | @ 1 day    | t                  | f
+ 23 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 | -9999999999999999 | 2.000000000000002 | 23:59:59 | @ 3 hours  | t                  | f
+ 24 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 | -9999999999999999 | 2.000000000000002 | 23:59:59 | @ 3 hours  | t                  | f
+ 25 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 | -9999999999999999 | 2.000000000000002 | 23:59:59 |            | f                  | t
+ 26 |     2 | dog      | cat    | 01-01-2010 | Thu Dec 31 11:12:13 1970 | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 | {This,is,no,fantasy}     |       9 |           13 | -9999999999999999 | 2.000000000000002 | 23:59:59 |            | f                  | t
+ 27 |     2 |          |        |            |                          | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 |                          |         |           13 |                   |                   |          |            |                    | 
+ 28 |     2 |          |        |            |                          | Thu Sep 29 12:00:00 2016 |                          |         |           13 |                   |                   |          |            |                    | 
+(28 rows)
+
+SELECT comp();
+   comp    
+-----------
+ Unchanged
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE T;
+-- Test expressions in the defaults
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION foo(a INT) RETURNS TEXT AS $$
+DECLARE res TEXT := '';
+        i INT;
+BEGIN
+  i := 0;
+  WHILE (i < a) LOOP
+    res := res || chr(ascii('a') + i);
+    i := i + 1;
+  END LOOP;
+  RETURN res;
+END; $$ LANGUAGE PLPGSQL STABLE;
+CREATE TABLE T(pk INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, c_int INT DEFAULT LENGTH(foo(6)));
+SELECT set('t');
+ set 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (1), (2);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_bpchar BPCHAR(5) DEFAULT foo(4),
+              ALTER COLUMN c_int SET DEFAULT LENGTH(foo(8));
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (3), (4);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_text TEXT  DEFAULT foo(6),
+              ALTER COLUMN c_bpchar SET DEFAULT foo(3);
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (5), (6);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_date DATE
+                  DEFAULT '2016-06-02'::DATE  + LENGTH(foo(10)),
+              ALTER COLUMN c_text SET DEFAULT foo(12);
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (7), (8);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_timestamp TIMESTAMP
+                  DEFAULT '2016-09-01'::DATE + LENGTH(foo(10)),
+              ALTER COLUMN c_date
+                  SET DEFAULT '2010-01-01'::DATE - LENGTH(foo(4));
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (9), (10);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_array TEXT[]
+                  DEFAULT ('{"This", "is", "' || foo(4) ||
+                           '","the", "real", "world"}')::TEXT[],
+              ALTER COLUMN c_timestamp
+                  SET DEFAULT '1970-12-31'::DATE + LENGTH(foo(30));
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (11), (12);
+ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c_int DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_array
+                  SET DEFAULT ('{"This", "is", "' || foo(1) ||
+                               '", "fantasy"}')::text[];
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (13), (14);
+ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c_bpchar    DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_date      DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_text      DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_timestamp DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_array     DROP DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (15), (16);
+SELECT * FROM T;
+ pk | c_int | c_bpchar |    c_text    |   c_date   |       c_timestamp        |            c_array            
+----+-------+----------+--------------+------------+--------------------------+-------------------------------
+  1 |     6 | abcd     | abcdef       | 06-12-2016 | Sun Sep 11 00:00:00 2016 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+  2 |     6 | abcd     | abcdef       | 06-12-2016 | Sun Sep 11 00:00:00 2016 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+  3 |     8 | abcd     | abcdef       | 06-12-2016 | Sun Sep 11 00:00:00 2016 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+  4 |     8 | abcd     | abcdef       | 06-12-2016 | Sun Sep 11 00:00:00 2016 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+  5 |     8 | abc      | abcdef       | 06-12-2016 | Sun Sep 11 00:00:00 2016 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+  6 |     8 | abc      | abcdef       | 06-12-2016 | Sun Sep 11 00:00:00 2016 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+  7 |     8 | abc      | abcdefghijkl | 06-12-2016 | Sun Sep 11 00:00:00 2016 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+  8 |     8 | abc      | abcdefghijkl | 06-12-2016 | Sun Sep 11 00:00:00 2016 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+  9 |     8 | abc      | abcdefghijkl | 12-28-2009 | Sun Sep 11 00:00:00 2016 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+ 10 |     8 | abc      | abcdefghijkl | 12-28-2009 | Sun Sep 11 00:00:00 2016 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+ 11 |     8 | abc      | abcdefghijkl | 12-28-2009 | Sat Jan 30 00:00:00 1971 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+ 12 |     8 | abc      | abcdefghijkl | 12-28-2009 | Sat Jan 30 00:00:00 1971 | {This,is,abcd,the,real,world}
+ 13 |       | abc      | abcdefghijkl | 12-28-2009 | Sat Jan 30 00:00:00 1971 | {This,is,a,fantasy}
+ 14 |       | abc      | abcdefghijkl | 12-28-2009 | Sat Jan 30 00:00:00 1971 | {This,is,a,fantasy}
+ 15 |       |          |              |            |                          | 
+ 16 |       |          |              |            |                          | 
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT comp();
+   comp    
+-----------
+ Unchanged
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE T;
+DROP FUNCTION foo(INT);
+-- Fall back to full rewrite for volatile expressions
+CREATE TABLE T(pk INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (1);
+SELECT set('t');
+ set 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- now() is stable, because it returns the transaction timestamp
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c1 TIMESTAMP DEFAULT now();
+SELECT comp();
+   comp    
+-----------
+ Unchanged
+(1 row)
+
+-- clock_timestamp() is volatile
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c2 TIMESTAMP DEFAULT clock_timestamp();
+NOTICE:  rewriting table t for reason 2
+SELECT comp();
+   comp    
+-----------
+ Rewritten
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE T;
+-- Simple querie
+CREATE TABLE T (pk INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY);
+SELECT set('t');
+ set 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO T SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 10) a;
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_bigint BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT -1;
+INSERT INTO T SELECT b, b - 10 FROM generate_series(11, 20) a(b);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_text TEXT DEFAULT 'hello';
+INSERT INTO T SELECT b, b - 10, (b + 10)::text FROM generate_series(21, 30) a(b);
+-- WHERE clause
+SELECT c_bigint, c_text FROM T WHERE c_bigint = -1 LIMIT 1;
+ c_bigint | c_text 
+----------+--------
+       -1 | hello
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE TRUE, COSTS FALSE)
+SELECT c_bigint, c_text FROM T WHERE c_bigint = -1 LIMIT 1;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: c_bigint, c_text
+   ->  Seq Scan on fast_default.t
+         Output: c_bigint, c_text
+         Filter: (t.c_bigint = '-1'::integer)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT c_bigint, c_text FROM T WHERE c_text = 'hello' LIMIT 1;
+ c_bigint | c_text 
+----------+--------
+       -1 | hello
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE TRUE, COSTS FALSE) SELECT c_bigint, c_text FROM T WHERE c_text = 'hello' LIMIT 1;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: c_bigint, c_text
+   ->  Seq Scan on fast_default.t
+         Output: c_bigint, c_text
+         Filter: (t.c_text = 'hello'::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- COALESCE
+SELECT COALESCE(c_bigint, pk), COALESCE(c_text, pk::text)
+FROM T
+ORDER BY pk LIMIT 10;
+ coalesce | coalesce 
+----------+----------
+       -1 | hello
+       -1 | hello
+       -1 | hello
+       -1 | hello
+       -1 | hello
+       -1 | hello
+       -1 | hello
+       -1 | hello
+       -1 | hello
+       -1 | hello
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Aggregate function
+SELECT SUM(c_bigint), MAX(c_text COLLATE "C" ), MIN(c_text COLLATE "C") FROM T;
+ sum |  max  | min 
+-----+-------+-----
+ 200 | hello | 31
+(1 row)
+
+-- ORDER BY
+SELECT * FROM T ORDER BY c_bigint, c_text, pk LIMIT 10;
+ pk | c_bigint | c_text 
+----+----------+--------
+  1 |       -1 | hello
+  2 |       -1 | hello
+  3 |       -1 | hello
+  4 |       -1 | hello
+  5 |       -1 | hello
+  6 |       -1 | hello
+  7 |       -1 | hello
+  8 |       -1 | hello
+  9 |       -1 | hello
+ 10 |       -1 | hello
+(10 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE TRUE, COSTS FALSE)
+SELECT * FROM T ORDER BY c_bigint, c_text, pk LIMIT 10;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: pk, c_bigint, c_text
+   ->  Sort
+         Output: pk, c_bigint, c_text
+         Sort Key: t.c_bigint, t.c_text, t.pk
+         ->  Seq Scan on fast_default.t
+               Output: pk, c_bigint, c_text
+(7 rows)
+
+-- LIMIT
+SELECT * FROM T WHERE c_bigint > -1 ORDER BY c_bigint, c_text, pk LIMIT 10;
+ pk | c_bigint | c_text 
+----+----------+--------
+ 11 |        1 | hello
+ 12 |        2 | hello
+ 13 |        3 | hello
+ 14 |        4 | hello
+ 15 |        5 | hello
+ 16 |        6 | hello
+ 17 |        7 | hello
+ 18 |        8 | hello
+ 19 |        9 | hello
+ 20 |       10 | hello
+(10 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE TRUE, COSTS FALSE)
+SELECT * FROM T WHERE c_bigint > -1 ORDER BY c_bigint, c_text, pk LIMIT 10;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: pk, c_bigint, c_text
+   ->  Sort
+         Output: pk, c_bigint, c_text
+         Sort Key: t.c_bigint, t.c_text, t.pk
+         ->  Seq Scan on fast_default.t
+               Output: pk, c_bigint, c_text
+               Filter: (t.c_bigint > '-1'::integer)
+(8 rows)
+
+--  DELETE with RETURNING
+DELETE FROM T WHERE pk BETWEEN 10 AND 20 RETURNING *;
+ pk | c_bigint | c_text 
+----+----------+--------
+ 10 |       -1 | hello
+ 11 |        1 | hello
+ 12 |        2 | hello
+ 13 |        3 | hello
+ 14 |        4 | hello
+ 15 |        5 | hello
+ 16 |        6 | hello
+ 17 |        7 | hello
+ 18 |        8 | hello
+ 19 |        9 | hello
+ 20 |       10 | hello
+(11 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE TRUE, COSTS FALSE)
+DELETE FROM T WHERE pk BETWEEN 10 AND 20 RETURNING *;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on fast_default.t
+   Output: pk, c_bigint, c_text
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on fast_default.t
+         Output: ctid
+         Recheck Cond: ((t.pk >= 10) AND (t.pk <= 20))
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on t_pkey
+               Index Cond: ((t.pk >= 10) AND (t.pk <= 20))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- UPDATE
+UPDATE T SET c_text = '"' || c_text || '"'  WHERE pk < 10;
+SELECT * FROM T WHERE c_text LIKE '"%"' ORDER BY PK;
+ pk | c_bigint | c_text  
+----+----------+---------
+  1 |       -1 | "hello"
+  2 |       -1 | "hello"
+  3 |       -1 | "hello"
+  4 |       -1 | "hello"
+  5 |       -1 | "hello"
+  6 |       -1 | "hello"
+  7 |       -1 | "hello"
+  8 |       -1 | "hello"
+  9 |       -1 | "hello"
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT comp();
+   comp    
+-----------
+ Unchanged
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE T;
+-- Combine with other DDL
+CREATE TABLE T(pk INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY);
+SELECT set('t');
+ set 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (1), (2);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_int INT NOT NULL DEFAULT -1;
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (3), (4);
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_text TEXT DEFAULT 'Hello';
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (5), (6);
+ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c_text SET DEFAULT 'world',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_int  SET DEFAULT 1;
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (7), (8);
+SELECT * FROM T ORDER BY pk;
+ pk | c_int | c_text 
+----+-------+--------
+  1 |    -1 | Hello
+  2 |    -1 | Hello
+  3 |    -1 | Hello
+  4 |    -1 | Hello
+  5 |    -1 | Hello
+  6 |    -1 | Hello
+  7 |     1 | world
+  8 |     1 | world
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Add an index
+CREATE INDEX i ON T(c_int, c_text);
+SELECT c_text FROM T WHERE c_int = -1;
+ c_text 
+--------
+ Hello
+ Hello
+ Hello
+ Hello
+ Hello
+ Hello
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT comp();
+   comp    
+-----------
+ Unchanged
+(1 row)
+
+-- query to exercise expand_tuple function
+CREATE TABLE t1 AS
+SELECT 1::int AS a , 2::int AS b
+FROM generate_series(1,20) q;
+ALTER TABLE t1 ADD COLUMN c text;
+SELECT a,
+       stddev(cast((SELECT sum(1) FROM generate_series(1,20) x) AS float4))
+          OVER (PARTITION BY a,b,c ORDER BY b)
+       AS z
+FROM t1;
+ a | z 
+---+---
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+ 1 | 0
+(20 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE T;
+-- test that we account for missing columns without defaults correctly
+-- in expand_tuple, and that rows are correctly expanded for triggers
+CREATE FUNCTION test_trigger()
+RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+
+begin
+    raise notice 'old tuple: %', to_json(OLD)::text;
+    if TG_OP = 'DELETE'
+    then
+       return OLD;
+    else
+       return NEW;
+    end if;
+end;
+
+$$;
+-- 2 new columns, both have defaults
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int NOT NULL DEFAULT 4;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int NOT NULL DEFAULT 5;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+NOTICE:  old tuple: {"id":1,"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"x":4,"y":5}
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;
+-- 2 new columns, first has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int NOT NULL DEFAULT 4;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |  
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+NOTICE:  old tuple: {"id":1,"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"x":4,"y":null}
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;
+-- 2 new columns, second has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int NOT NULL DEFAULT 5;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |   | 5
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+NOTICE:  old tuple: {"id":1,"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"x":null,"y":5}
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |   | 2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;
+-- 2 new columns, neither has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |   |  
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+NOTICE:  old tuple: {"id":1,"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"x":null,"y":null}
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |   | 2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;
+-- same as last 4 tests but here the last original column has a NULL value
+-- 2 new columns, both have defaults
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,NULL);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int NOT NULL DEFAULT 4;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int NOT NULL DEFAULT 5;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 |   | 4 | 5
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+NOTICE:  old tuple: {"id":1,"a":1,"b":2,"c":null,"x":4,"y":5}
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 |   | 4 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;
+-- 2 new columns, first has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,NULL);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int NOT NULL DEFAULT 4;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 |   | 4 |  
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+NOTICE:  old tuple: {"id":1,"a":1,"b":2,"c":null,"x":4,"y":null}
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 |   | 4 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;
+-- 2 new columns, second has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,NULL);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int NOT NULL DEFAULT 5;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 |   |   | 5
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+NOTICE:  old tuple: {"id":1,"a":1,"b":2,"c":null,"x":null,"y":5}
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 |   |   | 2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;
+-- 2 new columns, neither has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,NULL);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 |   |   |  
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+NOTICE:  old tuple: {"id":1,"a":1,"b":2,"c":null,"x":null,"y":null}
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ id | a | b | c | x | y 
+----+---+---+---+---+---
+  1 | 1 | 2 |   |   | 2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE t;
+-- make sure expanded tuple has correct self pointer
+-- it will be required by the RI trigger doing the cascading delete
+CREATE TABLE leader (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int);
+CREATE TABLE follower (a int REFERENCES leader ON DELETE CASCADE, b int);
+INSERT INTO leader VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+ALTER TABLE leader ADD c int;
+ALTER TABLE leader DROP c;
+DELETE FROM leader;
+-- check that ALTER TABLE ... ALTER TYPE does the right thing
+CREATE TABLE vtype( a integer);
+INSERT INTO vtype VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE vtype ADD COLUMN b DOUBLE PRECISION DEFAULT 0.2;
+ALTER TABLE vtype ADD COLUMN c BOOLEAN DEFAULT true;
+SELECT * FROM vtype;
+ a |  b  | c 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | 0.2 | t
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE vtype
+      ALTER b TYPE text USING b::text,
+      ALTER c TYPE text USING c::text;
+NOTICE:  rewriting table vtype for reason 4
+SELECT * FROM vtype;
+ a |  b  |  c   
+---+-----+------
+ 1 | 0.2 | true
+(1 row)
+
+-- also check the case that doesn't rewrite the table
+CREATE TABLE vtype2 (a int);
+INSERT INTO vtype2 VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE vtype2 ADD COLUMN b varchar(10) DEFAULT 'xxx';
+ALTER TABLE vtype2 ALTER COLUMN b SET DEFAULT 'yyy';
+INSERT INTO vtype2 VALUES (2);
+ALTER TABLE vtype2 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE varchar(20) USING b::varchar(20);
+SELECT * FROM vtype2;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | xxx
+ 2 | yyy
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Ensure that defaults are checked when evaluating whether HOT update
+-- is possible, this was broken for a while:
+-- https://postgr.es/m/20190202133521.ylauh3ckqa7colzj%40alap3.anarazel.de
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE t();
+INSERT INTO t DEFAULT VALUES;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN a int DEFAULT 1;
+CREATE INDEX ON t(a);
+-- set column with a default 1 to NULL, due to a bug that wasn't
+-- noticed has heap_getattr buggily returned NULL for default columns
+UPDATE t SET a = NULL;
+-- verify that index and non-index scans show the same result
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = true;
+SELECT * FROM t WHERE a IS NULL;
+ a 
+---
+  
+(1 row)
+
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+SELECT * FROM t WHERE a IS NULL;
+ a 
+---
+  
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- verify that a default set on a non-plain table doesn't set a missing
+-- value on the attribute
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy;
+CREATE SERVER s0 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 (c1 integer NOT NULL) SERVER s0;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c8 integer DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10);
+SELECT count(*)
+  FROM pg_attribute
+  WHERE attrelid = 'ft1'::regclass AND
+    (attmissingval IS NOT NULL OR atthasmissing);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft1;
+DROP SERVER s0;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy;
+DROP TABLE vtype;
+DROP TABLE vtype2;
+DROP TABLE follower;
+DROP TABLE leader;
+DROP FUNCTION test_trigger();
+DROP TABLE t1;
+DROP FUNCTION set(name);
+DROP FUNCTION comp();
+DROP TABLE m;
+DROP TABLE has_volatile;
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER has_volatile_rewrite;
+DROP FUNCTION log_rewrite;
+DROP SCHEMA fast_default;
+-- Leave a table with an active fast default in place, for pg_upgrade testing
+set search_path = public;
+create table has_fast_default(f1 int);
+insert into has_fast_default values(1);
+alter table has_fast_default add column f2 int default 42;
+table has_fast_default;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 | 42
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/float4-misrounded-input.out b/src/test/regress/expected/float4-misrounded-input.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d5d298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/float4-misrounded-input.out
@@ -0,0 +1,961 @@
+--
+-- FLOAT4
+--
+CREATE TABLE FLOAT4_TBL (f1  float4);
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    0.0');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1004.30   ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     -34.84    ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1.2345678901234e+20');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1.2345678901234e-20');
+-- test for over and under flow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e70');
+ERROR:  "10e70" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e70');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e70');
+ERROR:  "-10e70" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e70');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-70');
+ERROR:  "10e-70" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-70');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-70');
+ERROR:  "-10e-70" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-70');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e70'::float8);
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e70'::float8);
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-70'::float8);
+ERROR:  value out of range: underflow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-70'::float8);
+ERROR:  value out of range: underflow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e400');
+ERROR:  "10e400" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e400');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e400');
+ERROR:  "-10e400" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e400');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-400');
+ERROR:  "10e-400" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-400');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-400');
+ERROR:  "-10e-400" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-400');
+                                           ^
+-- bad input
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: ""
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('       ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "       "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('       ');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('xyz');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "xyz"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('xyz');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.0.0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "5.0.0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.0.0');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5 . 0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "5 . 0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5 . 0');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.   0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "5.   0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.   0');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     - 3.0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "     - 3.0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     - 3.0');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123            5');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "123            5"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123            5');
+                                           ^
+-- special inputs
+SELECT 'NaN'::float4;
+ float4 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::float4;
+ float4 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '   NAN  '::float4;
+ float4 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'infinity'::float4;
+  float4  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '          -INFINiTY   '::float4;
+  float4   
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+-- bad special inputs
+SELECT 'N A N'::float4;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "N A N"
+LINE 1: SELECT 'N A N'::float4;
+               ^
+SELECT 'NaN x'::float4;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "NaN x"
+LINE 1: SELECT 'NaN x'::float4;
+               ^
+SELECT ' INFINITY    x'::float4;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: " INFINITY    x"
+LINE 1: SELECT ' INFINITY    x'::float4;
+               ^
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float4 + 100.0;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float4 / 'Infinity'::float4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '42'::float4 / 'Infinity'::float4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::float4 / 'nan'::float4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::float4 / '0'::float4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::numeric::float4;
+ float4 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT4_TBL;
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        1004.3
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE f.f1 <> '1004.3';
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE f.f1 = '1004.3';
+   f1   
+--------
+ 1004.3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE '1004.3' > f.f1;
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE  f.f1 < '1004.3';
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE '1004.3' >= f.f1;
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        1004.3
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE  f.f1 <= '1004.3';
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        1004.3
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 * '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+      f1       |       x        
+---------------+----------------
+        1004.3 |         -10043
+ 1.2345679e+20 | -1.2345678e+21
+ 1.2345679e-20 | -1.2345678e-19
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 + '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+      f1       |       x       
+---------------+---------------
+        1004.3 |         994.3
+ 1.2345679e+20 | 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20 |           -10
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 / '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+      f1       |       x        
+---------------+----------------
+        1004.3 |        -100.43
+ 1.2345679e+20 | -1.2345679e+19
+ 1.2345679e-20 | -1.2345679e-21
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 - '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+      f1       |       x       
+---------------+---------------
+        1004.3 |        1014.3
+ 1.2345679e+20 | 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20 |            10
+(3 rows)
+
+-- test divide by zero
+SELECT f.f1 / '0.0' from FLOAT4_TBL f;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT4_TBL;
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        1004.3
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(5 rows)
+
+-- test the unary float4abs operator
+SELECT f.f1, @f.f1 AS abs_f1 FROM FLOAT4_TBL f;
+      f1       |    abs_f1     
+---------------+---------------
+             0 |             0
+        1004.3 |        1004.3
+        -34.84 |         34.84
+ 1.2345679e+20 | 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20 | 1.2345679e-20
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE FLOAT4_TBL
+   SET f1 = FLOAT4_TBL.f1 * '-1'
+   WHERE FLOAT4_TBL.f1 > '0.0';
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT4_TBL;
+       f1       
+----------------
+              0
+         -34.84
+        -1004.3
+ -1.2345679e+20
+ -1.2345679e-20
+(5 rows)
+
+-- test edge-case coercions to integer
+SELECT '32767.4'::float4::int2;
+ int2  
+-------
+ 32767
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '32767.6'::float4::int2;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT '-32768.4'::float4::int2;
+  int2  
+--------
+ -32768
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-32768.6'::float4::int2;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT '2147483520'::float4::int4;
+    int4    
+------------
+ 2147483520
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2147483647'::float4::int4;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT '-2147483648.5'::float4::int4;
+    int4     
+-------------
+ -2147483648
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-2147483900'::float4::int4;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT '9223369837831520256'::float4::int8;
+        int8         
+---------------------
+ 9223369837831520256
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '9223372036854775807'::float4::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT '-9223372036854775808.5'::float4::int8;
+         int8         
+----------------------
+ -9223372036854775808
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-9223380000000000000'::float4::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+-- Test for correct input rounding in edge cases.
+-- These lists are from Paxson 1991, excluding subnormals and
+-- inputs of over 9 sig. digits.
+SELECT float4send('5e-20'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x1f6c1e4a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('67e14'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x59be6cea
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('985e15'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x5d5ab6c4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('55895e-16'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x2cc4a9bd
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('7038531e-32'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x15ae43fe
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('702990899e-20'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x2cf757ca
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('3e-23'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x1a111234
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('57e18'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x6045c22c
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('789e-35'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x0a23de70
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('2539e-18'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x2736f449
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('76173e28'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x7616398a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('887745e-11'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x3714f05c
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('5382571e-37'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x0d2eaca7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('82381273e-35'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x128289d0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('750486563e-38'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x0f18377e
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test that the smallest possible normalized input value inputs
+-- correctly, either in 9-significant-digit or shortest-decimal
+-- format.
+--
+-- exact val is             1.1754943508...
+-- shortest val is          1.1754944000
+-- midpoint to next val is  1.1754944208...
+SELECT float4send('1.17549435e-38'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x00800000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('1.1754944e-38'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x00800000
+(1 row)
+
+-- test output (and round-trip safety) of various values.
+-- To ensure we're testing what we think we're testing, start with
+-- float values specified by bit patterns (as a useful side effect,
+-- this means we'll fail on non-IEEE platforms).
+create type xfloat4;
+create function xfloat4in(cstring) returns xfloat4 immutable strict
+  language internal as 'int4in';
+NOTICE:  return type xfloat4 is only a shell
+create function xfloat4out(xfloat4) returns cstring immutable strict
+  language internal as 'int4out';
+NOTICE:  argument type xfloat4 is only a shell
+create type xfloat4 (input = xfloat4in, output = xfloat4out, like = float4);
+create cast (xfloat4 as float4) without function;
+create cast (float4 as xfloat4) without function;
+create cast (xfloat4 as integer) without function;
+create cast (integer as xfloat4) without function;
+-- float4: seeeeeee emmmmmmm mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm
+-- we don't care to assume the platform's strtod() handles subnormals
+-- correctly; those are "use at your own risk". However we do test
+-- subnormal outputs, since those are under our control.
+with testdata(bits) as (values
+  -- small subnormals
+  (x'00000001'),
+  (x'00000002'), (x'00000003'),
+  (x'00000010'), (x'00000011'), (x'00000100'), (x'00000101'),
+  (x'00004000'), (x'00004001'), (x'00080000'), (x'00080001'),
+  -- stress values
+  (x'0053c4f4'),  -- 7693e-42
+  (x'006c85c4'),  -- 996622e-44
+  (x'0041ca76'),  -- 60419369e-46
+  (x'004b7678'),  -- 6930161142e-48
+  -- taken from upstream testsuite
+  (x'00000007'),
+  (x'00424fe2'),
+  -- borderline between subnormal and normal
+  (x'007ffff0'), (x'007ffff1'), (x'007ffffe'), (x'007fffff'))
+select float4send(flt) as ibits,
+       flt
+  from (select bits::integer::xfloat4::float4 as flt
+          from testdata
+	offset 0) s;
+   ibits    |      flt      
+------------+---------------
+ \x00000001 |         1e-45
+ \x00000002 |         3e-45
+ \x00000003 |         4e-45
+ \x00000010 |       2.2e-44
+ \x00000011 |       2.4e-44
+ \x00000100 |      3.59e-43
+ \x00000101 |       3.6e-43
+ \x00004000 |    2.2959e-41
+ \x00004001 |     2.296e-41
+ \x00080000 |   7.34684e-40
+ \x00080001 |   7.34685e-40
+ \x0053c4f4 |     7.693e-39
+ \x006c85c4 |   9.96622e-39
+ \x0041ca76 |  6.041937e-39
+ \x004b7678 |  6.930161e-39
+ \x00000007 |         1e-44
+ \x00424fe2 |    6.0898e-39
+ \x007ffff0 | 1.1754921e-38
+ \x007ffff1 | 1.1754922e-38
+ \x007ffffe | 1.1754941e-38
+ \x007fffff | 1.1754942e-38
+(21 rows)
+
+with testdata(bits) as (values
+  (x'00000000'),
+  -- smallest normal values
+  (x'00800000'), (x'00800001'), (x'00800004'), (x'00800005'),
+  (x'00800006'),
+  -- small normal values chosen for short vs. long output
+  (x'008002f1'), (x'008002f2'), (x'008002f3'),
+  (x'00800e17'), (x'00800e18'), (x'00800e19'),
+  -- assorted values (random mantissae)
+  (x'01000001'), (x'01102843'), (x'01a52c98'),
+  (x'0219c229'), (x'02e4464d'), (x'037343c1'), (x'03a91b36'),
+  (x'047ada65'), (x'0496fe87'), (x'0550844f'), (x'05999da3'),
+  (x'060ea5e2'), (x'06e63c45'), (x'07f1e548'), (x'0fc5282b'),
+  (x'1f850283'), (x'2874a9d6'),
+  -- values around 5e-08
+  (x'3356bf94'), (x'3356bf95'), (x'3356bf96'),
+  -- around 1e-07
+  (x'33d6bf94'), (x'33d6bf95'), (x'33d6bf96'),
+  -- around 3e-07 .. 1e-04
+  (x'34a10faf'), (x'34a10fb0'), (x'34a10fb1'),
+  (x'350637bc'), (x'350637bd'), (x'350637be'),
+  (x'35719786'), (x'35719787'), (x'35719788'),
+  (x'358637bc'), (x'358637bd'), (x'358637be'),
+  (x'36a7c5ab'), (x'36a7c5ac'), (x'36a7c5ad'),
+  (x'3727c5ab'), (x'3727c5ac'), (x'3727c5ad'),
+  -- format crossover at 1e-04
+  (x'38d1b714'), (x'38d1b715'), (x'38d1b716'),
+  (x'38d1b717'), (x'38d1b718'), (x'38d1b719'),
+  (x'38d1b71a'), (x'38d1b71b'), (x'38d1b71c'),
+  (x'38d1b71d'),
+  --
+  (x'38dffffe'), (x'38dfffff'), (x'38e00000'),
+  (x'38efffff'), (x'38f00000'), (x'38f00001'),
+  (x'3a83126e'), (x'3a83126f'), (x'3a831270'),
+  (x'3c23d709'), (x'3c23d70a'), (x'3c23d70b'),
+  (x'3dcccccc'), (x'3dcccccd'), (x'3dccccce'),
+  -- chosen to need 9 digits for 3dcccd70
+  (x'3dcccd6f'), (x'3dcccd70'), (x'3dcccd71'),
+  --
+  (x'3effffff'), (x'3f000000'), (x'3f000001'),
+  (x'3f333332'), (x'3f333333'), (x'3f333334'),
+  -- approach 1.0 with increasing numbers of 9s
+  (x'3f666665'), (x'3f666666'), (x'3f666667'),
+  (x'3f7d70a3'), (x'3f7d70a4'), (x'3f7d70a5'),
+  (x'3f7fbe76'), (x'3f7fbe77'), (x'3f7fbe78'),
+  (x'3f7ff971'), (x'3f7ff972'), (x'3f7ff973'),
+  (x'3f7fff57'), (x'3f7fff58'), (x'3f7fff59'),
+  (x'3f7fffee'), (x'3f7fffef'),
+  -- values very close to 1
+  (x'3f7ffff0'), (x'3f7ffff1'), (x'3f7ffff2'),
+  (x'3f7ffff3'), (x'3f7ffff4'), (x'3f7ffff5'),
+  (x'3f7ffff6'), (x'3f7ffff7'), (x'3f7ffff8'),
+  (x'3f7ffff9'), (x'3f7ffffa'), (x'3f7ffffb'),
+  (x'3f7ffffc'), (x'3f7ffffd'), (x'3f7ffffe'),
+  (x'3f7fffff'),
+  (x'3f800000'),
+  (x'3f800001'), (x'3f800002'), (x'3f800003'),
+  (x'3f800004'), (x'3f800005'), (x'3f800006'),
+  (x'3f800007'), (x'3f800008'), (x'3f800009'),
+  -- values 1 to 1.1
+  (x'3f80000f'), (x'3f800010'), (x'3f800011'),
+  (x'3f800012'), (x'3f800013'), (x'3f800014'),
+  (x'3f800017'), (x'3f800018'), (x'3f800019'),
+  (x'3f80001a'), (x'3f80001b'), (x'3f80001c'),
+  (x'3f800029'), (x'3f80002a'), (x'3f80002b'),
+  (x'3f800053'), (x'3f800054'), (x'3f800055'),
+  (x'3f800346'), (x'3f800347'), (x'3f800348'),
+  (x'3f8020c4'), (x'3f8020c5'), (x'3f8020c6'),
+  (x'3f8147ad'), (x'3f8147ae'), (x'3f8147af'),
+  (x'3f8ccccc'), (x'3f8ccccd'), (x'3f8cccce'),
+  --
+  (x'3fc90fdb'), -- pi/2
+  (x'402df854'), -- e
+  (x'40490fdb'), -- pi
+  --
+  (x'409fffff'), (x'40a00000'), (x'40a00001'),
+  (x'40afffff'), (x'40b00000'), (x'40b00001'),
+  (x'411fffff'), (x'41200000'), (x'41200001'),
+  (x'42c7ffff'), (x'42c80000'), (x'42c80001'),
+  (x'4479ffff'), (x'447a0000'), (x'447a0001'),
+  (x'461c3fff'), (x'461c4000'), (x'461c4001'),
+  (x'47c34fff'), (x'47c35000'), (x'47c35001'),
+  (x'497423ff'), (x'49742400'), (x'49742401'),
+  (x'4b18967f'), (x'4b189680'), (x'4b189681'),
+  (x'4cbebc1f'), (x'4cbebc20'), (x'4cbebc21'),
+  (x'4e6e6b27'), (x'4e6e6b28'), (x'4e6e6b29'),
+  (x'501502f8'), (x'501502f9'), (x'501502fa'),
+  (x'51ba43b6'), (x'51ba43b7'), (x'51ba43b8'),
+  -- stress values
+  (x'1f6c1e4a'),  -- 5e-20
+  (x'59be6cea'),  -- 67e14
+  (x'5d5ab6c4'),  -- 985e15
+  (x'2cc4a9bd'),  -- 55895e-16
+  (x'15ae43fd'),  -- 7038531e-32
+  (x'2cf757ca'),  -- 702990899e-20
+  (x'665ba998'),  -- 25933168707e13
+  (x'743c3324'),  -- 596428896559e20
+  -- exercise fixed-point memmoves
+  (x'47f1205a'),
+  (x'4640e6ae'),
+  (x'449a5225'),
+  (x'42f6e9d5'),
+  (x'414587dd'),
+  (x'3f9e064b'),
+  -- these cases come from the upstream's testsuite
+  -- BoundaryRoundEven
+  (x'4c000004'),
+  (x'50061c46'),
+  (x'510006a8'),
+  -- ExactValueRoundEven
+  (x'48951f84'),
+  (x'45fd1840'),
+  -- LotsOfTrailingZeros
+  (x'39800000'),
+  (x'3b200000'),
+  (x'3b900000'),
+  (x'3bd00000'),
+  -- Regression
+  (x'63800000'),
+  (x'4b000000'),
+  (x'4b800000'),
+  (x'4c000001'),
+  (x'4c800b0d'),
+  (x'00d24584'),
+  (x'00d90b88'),
+  (x'45803f34'),
+  (x'4f9f24f7'),
+  (x'3a8722c3'),
+  (x'5c800041'),
+  (x'15ae43fd'),
+  (x'5d4cccfb'),
+  (x'4c800001'),
+  (x'57800ed8'),
+  (x'5f000000'),
+  (x'700000f0'),
+  (x'5f23e9ac'),
+  (x'5e9502f9'),
+  (x'5e8012b1'),
+  (x'3c000028'),
+  (x'60cde861'),
+  (x'03aa2a50'),
+  (x'43480000'),
+  (x'4c000000'),
+  -- LooksLikePow5
+  (x'5D1502F9'),
+  (x'5D9502F9'),
+  (x'5E1502F9'),
+  -- OutputLength
+  (x'3f99999a'),
+  (x'3f9d70a4'),
+  (x'3f9df3b6'),
+  (x'3f9e0419'),
+  (x'3f9e0610'),
+  (x'3f9e064b'),
+  (x'3f9e0651'),
+  (x'03d20cfe')
+)
+select float4send(flt) as ibits,
+       flt,
+       flt::text::float4 as r_flt,
+       float4send(flt::text::float4) as obits,
+       float4send(flt::text::float4) = float4send(flt) as correct
+  from (select bits::integer::xfloat4::float4 as flt
+          from testdata
+	offset 0) s;
+   ibits    |      flt       |     r_flt      |   obits    | correct 
+------------+----------------+----------------+------------+---------
+ \x00000000 |              0 |              0 | \x00000000 | t
+ \x00800000 |  1.1754944e-38 |  1.1754944e-38 | \x00800000 | t
+ \x00800001 |  1.1754945e-38 |  1.1754945e-38 | \x00800001 | t
+ \x00800004 |  1.1754949e-38 |  1.1754949e-38 | \x00800004 | t
+ \x00800005 |   1.175495e-38 |   1.175495e-38 | \x00800005 | t
+ \x00800006 |  1.1754952e-38 |  1.1754952e-38 | \x00800006 | t
+ \x008002f1 |  1.1755999e-38 |  1.1755999e-38 | \x008002f1 | t
+ \x008002f2 |     1.1756e-38 |     1.1756e-38 | \x008002f2 | t
+ \x008002f3 |  1.1756001e-38 |  1.1756001e-38 | \x008002f3 | t
+ \x00800e17 |  1.1759998e-38 |  1.1759998e-38 | \x00800e17 | t
+ \x00800e18 |      1.176e-38 |      1.176e-38 | \x00800e18 | t
+ \x00800e19 |  1.1760001e-38 |  1.1760001e-38 | \x00800e19 | t
+ \x01000001 |   2.350989e-38 |   2.350989e-38 | \x01000001 | t
+ \x01102843 |   2.647751e-38 |   2.647751e-38 | \x01102843 | t
+ \x01a52c98 |  6.0675416e-38 |  6.0675416e-38 | \x01a52c98 | t
+ \x0219c229 |  1.1296386e-37 |  1.1296386e-37 | \x0219c229 | t
+ \x02e4464d |   3.354194e-37 |   3.354194e-37 | \x02e4464d | t
+ \x037343c1 |   7.148906e-37 |   7.148906e-37 | \x037343c1 | t
+ \x03a91b36 |   9.939175e-37 |   9.939175e-37 | \x03a91b36 | t
+ \x047ada65 |   2.948764e-36 |   2.948764e-36 | \x047ada65 | t
+ \x0496fe87 |  3.5498577e-36 |  3.5498577e-36 | \x0496fe87 | t
+ \x0550844f |   9.804414e-36 |   9.804414e-36 | \x0550844f | t
+ \x05999da3 |  1.4445957e-35 |  1.4445957e-35 | \x05999da3 | t
+ \x060ea5e2 |  2.6829103e-35 |  2.6829103e-35 | \x060ea5e2 | t
+ \x06e63c45 |   8.660494e-35 |   8.660494e-35 | \x06e63c45 | t
+ \x07f1e548 |   3.639641e-34 |   3.639641e-34 | \x07f1e548 | t
+ \x0fc5282b |  1.9441172e-29 |  1.9441172e-29 | \x0fc5282b | t
+ \x1f850283 |  5.6331846e-20 |  5.6331846e-20 | \x1f850283 | t
+ \x2874a9d6 |  1.3581548e-14 |  1.3581548e-14 | \x2874a9d6 | t
+ \x3356bf94 |  4.9999997e-08 |  4.9999997e-08 | \x3356bf94 | t
+ \x3356bf95 |          5e-08 |          5e-08 | \x3356bf95 | t
+ \x3356bf96 |  5.0000004e-08 |  5.0000004e-08 | \x3356bf96 | t
+ \x33d6bf94 |  9.9999994e-08 |  9.9999994e-08 | \x33d6bf94 | t
+ \x33d6bf95 |          1e-07 |          1e-07 | \x33d6bf95 | t
+ \x33d6bf96 |  1.0000001e-07 |  1.0000001e-07 | \x33d6bf96 | t
+ \x34a10faf |  2.9999998e-07 |  2.9999998e-07 | \x34a10faf | t
+ \x34a10fb0 |          3e-07 |          3e-07 | \x34a10fb0 | t
+ \x34a10fb1 |  3.0000004e-07 |  3.0000004e-07 | \x34a10fb1 | t
+ \x350637bc |  4.9999994e-07 |  4.9999994e-07 | \x350637bc | t
+ \x350637bd |          5e-07 |          5e-07 | \x350637bd | t
+ \x350637be |  5.0000006e-07 |  5.0000006e-07 | \x350637be | t
+ \x35719786 |   8.999999e-07 |   8.999999e-07 | \x35719786 | t
+ \x35719787 |          9e-07 |          9e-07 | \x35719787 | t
+ \x35719788 |  9.0000003e-07 |  9.0000003e-07 | \x35719788 | t
+ \x358637bc |   9.999999e-07 |   9.999999e-07 | \x358637bc | t
+ \x358637bd |          1e-06 |          1e-06 | \x358637bd | t
+ \x358637be |  1.0000001e-06 |  1.0000001e-06 | \x358637be | t
+ \x36a7c5ab |  4.9999994e-06 |  4.9999994e-06 | \x36a7c5ab | t
+ \x36a7c5ac |          5e-06 |          5e-06 | \x36a7c5ac | t
+ \x36a7c5ad |  5.0000003e-06 |  5.0000003e-06 | \x36a7c5ad | t
+ \x3727c5ab |   9.999999e-06 |   9.999999e-06 | \x3727c5ab | t
+ \x3727c5ac |          1e-05 |          1e-05 | \x3727c5ac | t
+ \x3727c5ad |  1.0000001e-05 |  1.0000001e-05 | \x3727c5ad | t
+ \x38d1b714 |  9.9999976e-05 |  9.9999976e-05 | \x38d1b714 | t
+ \x38d1b715 |   9.999998e-05 |   9.999998e-05 | \x38d1b715 | t
+ \x38d1b716 |   9.999999e-05 |   9.999999e-05 | \x38d1b716 | t
+ \x38d1b717 |         0.0001 |         0.0001 | \x38d1b717 | t
+ \x38d1b718 | 0.000100000005 | 0.000100000005 | \x38d1b718 | t
+ \x38d1b719 |  0.00010000001 |  0.00010000001 | \x38d1b719 | t
+ \x38d1b71a |  0.00010000002 |  0.00010000002 | \x38d1b71a | t
+ \x38d1b71b |  0.00010000003 |  0.00010000003 | \x38d1b71b | t
+ \x38d1b71c | 0.000100000034 | 0.000100000034 | \x38d1b71c | t
+ \x38d1b71d |  0.00010000004 |  0.00010000004 | \x38d1b71d | t
+ \x38dffffe |  0.00010681151 |  0.00010681151 | \x38dffffe | t
+ \x38dfffff | 0.000106811516 | 0.000106811516 | \x38dfffff | t
+ \x38e00000 |  0.00010681152 |  0.00010681152 | \x38e00000 | t
+ \x38efffff |  0.00011444091 |  0.00011444091 | \x38efffff | t
+ \x38f00000 |  0.00011444092 |  0.00011444092 | \x38f00000 | t
+ \x38f00001 | 0.000114440925 | 0.000114440925 | \x38f00001 | t
+ \x3a83126e |   0.0009999999 |   0.0009999999 | \x3a83126e | t
+ \x3a83126f |          0.001 |          0.001 | \x3a83126f | t
+ \x3a831270 |   0.0010000002 |   0.0010000002 | \x3a831270 | t
+ \x3c23d709 |    0.009999999 |    0.009999999 | \x3c23d709 | t
+ \x3c23d70a |           0.01 |           0.01 | \x3c23d70a | t
+ \x3c23d70b |    0.010000001 |    0.010000001 | \x3c23d70b | t
+ \x3dcccccc |    0.099999994 |    0.099999994 | \x3dcccccc | t
+ \x3dcccccd |            0.1 |            0.1 | \x3dcccccd | t
+ \x3dccccce |     0.10000001 |     0.10000001 | \x3dccccce | t
+ \x3dcccd6f |     0.10000121 |     0.10000121 | \x3dcccd6f | t
+ \x3dcccd70 |    0.100001216 |    0.100001216 | \x3dcccd70 | t
+ \x3dcccd71 |     0.10000122 |     0.10000122 | \x3dcccd71 | t
+ \x3effffff |     0.49999997 |     0.49999997 | \x3effffff | t
+ \x3f000000 |            0.5 |            0.5 | \x3f000000 | t
+ \x3f000001 |     0.50000006 |     0.50000006 | \x3f000001 | t
+ \x3f333332 |      0.6999999 |      0.6999999 | \x3f333332 | t
+ \x3f333333 |            0.7 |            0.7 | \x3f333333 | t
+ \x3f333334 |     0.70000005 |     0.70000005 | \x3f333334 | t
+ \x3f666665 |      0.8999999 |      0.8999999 | \x3f666665 | t
+ \x3f666666 |            0.9 |            0.9 | \x3f666666 | t
+ \x3f666667 |     0.90000004 |     0.90000004 | \x3f666667 | t
+ \x3f7d70a3 |     0.98999995 |     0.98999995 | \x3f7d70a3 | t
+ \x3f7d70a4 |           0.99 |           0.99 | \x3f7d70a4 | t
+ \x3f7d70a5 |     0.99000007 |     0.99000007 | \x3f7d70a5 | t
+ \x3f7fbe76 |     0.99899995 |     0.99899995 | \x3f7fbe76 | t
+ \x3f7fbe77 |          0.999 |          0.999 | \x3f7fbe77 | t
+ \x3f7fbe78 |      0.9990001 |      0.9990001 | \x3f7fbe78 | t
+ \x3f7ff971 |      0.9998999 |      0.9998999 | \x3f7ff971 | t
+ \x3f7ff972 |         0.9999 |         0.9999 | \x3f7ff972 | t
+ \x3f7ff973 |     0.99990004 |     0.99990004 | \x3f7ff973 | t
+ \x3f7fff57 |      0.9999899 |      0.9999899 | \x3f7fff57 | t
+ \x3f7fff58 |        0.99999 |        0.99999 | \x3f7fff58 | t
+ \x3f7fff59 |     0.99999005 |     0.99999005 | \x3f7fff59 | t
+ \x3f7fffee |      0.9999989 |      0.9999989 | \x3f7fffee | t
+ \x3f7fffef |       0.999999 |       0.999999 | \x3f7fffef | t
+ \x3f7ffff0 |     0.99999905 |     0.99999905 | \x3f7ffff0 | t
+ \x3f7ffff1 |      0.9999991 |      0.9999991 | \x3f7ffff1 | t
+ \x3f7ffff2 |     0.99999917 |     0.99999917 | \x3f7ffff2 | t
+ \x3f7ffff3 |      0.9999992 |      0.9999992 | \x3f7ffff3 | t
+ \x3f7ffff4 |      0.9999993 |      0.9999993 | \x3f7ffff4 | t
+ \x3f7ffff5 |     0.99999934 |     0.99999934 | \x3f7ffff5 | t
+ \x3f7ffff6 |      0.9999994 |      0.9999994 | \x3f7ffff6 | t
+ \x3f7ffff7 |     0.99999946 |     0.99999946 | \x3f7ffff7 | t
+ \x3f7ffff8 |      0.9999995 |      0.9999995 | \x3f7ffff8 | t
+ \x3f7ffff9 |      0.9999996 |      0.9999996 | \x3f7ffff9 | t
+ \x3f7ffffa |     0.99999964 |     0.99999964 | \x3f7ffffa | t
+ \x3f7ffffb |      0.9999997 |      0.9999997 | \x3f7ffffb | t
+ \x3f7ffffc |     0.99999976 |     0.99999976 | \x3f7ffffc | t
+ \x3f7ffffd |      0.9999998 |      0.9999998 | \x3f7ffffd | t
+ \x3f7ffffe |      0.9999999 |      0.9999999 | \x3f7ffffe | t
+ \x3f7fffff |     0.99999994 |     0.99999994 | \x3f7fffff | t
+ \x3f800000 |              1 |              1 | \x3f800000 | t
+ \x3f800001 |      1.0000001 |      1.0000001 | \x3f800001 | t
+ \x3f800002 |      1.0000002 |      1.0000002 | \x3f800002 | t
+ \x3f800003 |      1.0000004 |      1.0000004 | \x3f800003 | t
+ \x3f800004 |      1.0000005 |      1.0000005 | \x3f800004 | t
+ \x3f800005 |      1.0000006 |      1.0000006 | \x3f800005 | t
+ \x3f800006 |      1.0000007 |      1.0000007 | \x3f800006 | t
+ \x3f800007 |      1.0000008 |      1.0000008 | \x3f800007 | t
+ \x3f800008 |       1.000001 |       1.000001 | \x3f800008 | t
+ \x3f800009 |      1.0000011 |      1.0000011 | \x3f800009 | t
+ \x3f80000f |      1.0000018 |      1.0000018 | \x3f80000f | t
+ \x3f800010 |      1.0000019 |      1.0000019 | \x3f800010 | t
+ \x3f800011 |       1.000002 |       1.000002 | \x3f800011 | t
+ \x3f800012 |      1.0000021 |      1.0000021 | \x3f800012 | t
+ \x3f800013 |      1.0000023 |      1.0000023 | \x3f800013 | t
+ \x3f800014 |      1.0000024 |      1.0000024 | \x3f800014 | t
+ \x3f800017 |      1.0000027 |      1.0000027 | \x3f800017 | t
+ \x3f800018 |      1.0000029 |      1.0000029 | \x3f800018 | t
+ \x3f800019 |       1.000003 |       1.000003 | \x3f800019 | t
+ \x3f80001a |      1.0000031 |      1.0000031 | \x3f80001a | t
+ \x3f80001b |      1.0000032 |      1.0000032 | \x3f80001b | t
+ \x3f80001c |      1.0000033 |      1.0000033 | \x3f80001c | t
+ \x3f800029 |      1.0000049 |      1.0000049 | \x3f800029 | t
+ \x3f80002a |       1.000005 |       1.000005 | \x3f80002a | t
+ \x3f80002b |      1.0000051 |      1.0000051 | \x3f80002b | t
+ \x3f800053 |      1.0000099 |      1.0000099 | \x3f800053 | t
+ \x3f800054 |        1.00001 |        1.00001 | \x3f800054 | t
+ \x3f800055 |      1.0000101 |      1.0000101 | \x3f800055 | t
+ \x3f800346 |      1.0000999 |      1.0000999 | \x3f800346 | t
+ \x3f800347 |         1.0001 |         1.0001 | \x3f800347 | t
+ \x3f800348 |      1.0001001 |      1.0001001 | \x3f800348 | t
+ \x3f8020c4 |      1.0009999 |      1.0009999 | \x3f8020c4 | t
+ \x3f8020c5 |          1.001 |          1.001 | \x3f8020c5 | t
+ \x3f8020c6 |      1.0010002 |      1.0010002 | \x3f8020c6 | t
+ \x3f8147ad |      1.0099999 |      1.0099999 | \x3f8147ad | t
+ \x3f8147ae |           1.01 |           1.01 | \x3f8147ae | t
+ \x3f8147af |      1.0100001 |      1.0100001 | \x3f8147af | t
+ \x3f8ccccc |      1.0999999 |      1.0999999 | \x3f8ccccc | t
+ \x3f8ccccd |            1.1 |            1.1 | \x3f8ccccd | t
+ \x3f8cccce |      1.1000001 |      1.1000001 | \x3f8cccce | t
+ \x3fc90fdb |      1.5707964 |      1.5707964 | \x3fc90fdb | t
+ \x402df854 |      2.7182817 |      2.7182817 | \x402df854 | t
+ \x40490fdb |      3.1415927 |      3.1415927 | \x40490fdb | t
+ \x409fffff |      4.9999995 |      4.9999995 | \x409fffff | t
+ \x40a00000 |              5 |              5 | \x40a00000 | t
+ \x40a00001 |      5.0000005 |      5.0000005 | \x40a00001 | t
+ \x40afffff |      5.4999995 |      5.4999995 | \x40afffff | t
+ \x40b00000 |            5.5 |            5.5 | \x40b00000 | t
+ \x40b00001 |      5.5000005 |      5.5000005 | \x40b00001 | t
+ \x411fffff |       9.999999 |       9.999999 | \x411fffff | t
+ \x41200000 |             10 |             10 | \x41200000 | t
+ \x41200001 |      10.000001 |      10.000001 | \x41200001 | t
+ \x42c7ffff |       99.99999 |       99.99999 | \x42c7ffff | t
+ \x42c80000 |            100 |            100 | \x42c80000 | t
+ \x42c80001 |      100.00001 |      100.00001 | \x42c80001 | t
+ \x4479ffff |      999.99994 |      999.99994 | \x4479ffff | t
+ \x447a0000 |           1000 |           1000 | \x447a0000 | t
+ \x447a0001 |     1000.00006 |     1000.00006 | \x447a0001 | t
+ \x461c3fff |       9999.999 |       9999.999 | \x461c3fff | t
+ \x461c4000 |          10000 |          10000 | \x461c4000 | t
+ \x461c4001 |      10000.001 |      10000.001 | \x461c4001 | t
+ \x47c34fff |       99999.99 |       99999.99 | \x47c34fff | t
+ \x47c35000 |         100000 |         100000 | \x47c35000 | t
+ \x47c35001 |      100000.01 |      100000.01 | \x47c35001 | t
+ \x497423ff |      999999.94 |      999999.94 | \x497423ff | t
+ \x49742400 |          1e+06 |          1e+06 | \x49742400 | t
+ \x49742401 | 1.00000006e+06 | 1.00000006e+06 | \x49742401 | t
+ \x4b18967f |   9.999999e+06 |   9.999999e+06 | \x4b18967f | t
+ \x4b189680 |          1e+07 |          1e+07 | \x4b189680 | t
+ \x4b189681 |  1.0000001e+07 |  1.0000001e+07 | \x4b189681 | t
+ \x4cbebc1f |   9.999999e+07 |   9.999999e+07 | \x4cbebc1f | t
+ \x4cbebc20 |          1e+08 |          1e+08 | \x4cbebc20 | t
+ \x4cbebc21 |  1.0000001e+08 |  1.0000001e+08 | \x4cbebc21 | t
+ \x4e6e6b27 |  9.9999994e+08 |  9.9999994e+08 | \x4e6e6b27 | t
+ \x4e6e6b28 |          1e+09 |          1e+09 | \x4e6e6b28 | t
+ \x4e6e6b29 | 1.00000006e+09 | 1.00000006e+09 | \x4e6e6b29 | t
+ \x501502f8 |   9.999999e+09 |   9.999999e+09 | \x501502f8 | t
+ \x501502f9 |          1e+10 |          1e+10 | \x501502f9 | t
+ \x501502fa |  1.0000001e+10 |  1.0000001e+10 | \x501502fa | t
+ \x51ba43b6 |   9.999999e+10 |   9.999999e+10 | \x51ba43b6 | t
+ \x51ba43b7 |          1e+11 |          1e+11 | \x51ba43b7 | t
+ \x51ba43b8 |  1.0000001e+11 |  1.0000001e+11 | \x51ba43b8 | t
+ \x1f6c1e4a |          5e-20 |          5e-20 | \x1f6c1e4a | t
+ \x59be6cea |        6.7e+15 |        6.7e+15 | \x59be6cea | t
+ \x5d5ab6c4 |       9.85e+17 |       9.85e+17 | \x5d5ab6c4 | t
+ \x2cc4a9bd |     5.5895e-12 |     5.5895e-12 | \x2cc4a9bd | t
+ \x15ae43fd |   7.038531e-26 |  7.0385313e-26 | \x15ae43fe | f
+ \x2cf757ca |  7.0299088e-12 |  7.0299088e-12 | \x2cf757ca | t
+ \x665ba998 |  2.5933168e+23 |  2.5933168e+23 | \x665ba998 | t
+ \x743c3324 |  5.9642887e+31 |  5.9642887e+31 | \x743c3324 | t
+ \x47f1205a |       123456.7 |       123456.7 | \x47f1205a | t
+ \x4640e6ae |       12345.67 |       12345.67 | \x4640e6ae | t
+ \x449a5225 |       1234.567 |       1234.567 | \x449a5225 | t
+ \x42f6e9d5 |       123.4567 |       123.4567 | \x42f6e9d5 | t
+ \x414587dd |       12.34567 |       12.34567 | \x414587dd | t
+ \x3f9e064b |       1.234567 |       1.234567 | \x3f9e064b | t
+ \x4c000004 |  3.3554448e+07 |  3.3554448e+07 | \x4c000004 | t
+ \x50061c46 |   8.999999e+09 |   8.999999e+09 | \x50061c46 | t
+ \x510006a8 |  3.4366718e+10 |  3.4366718e+10 | \x510006a8 | t
+ \x48951f84 |      305404.12 |      305404.12 | \x48951f84 | t
+ \x45fd1840 |      8099.0312 |      8099.0312 | \x45fd1840 | t
+ \x39800000 |  0.00024414062 |  0.00024414062 | \x39800000 | t
+ \x3b200000 |   0.0024414062 |   0.0024414062 | \x3b200000 | t
+ \x3b900000 |   0.0043945312 |   0.0043945312 | \x3b900000 | t
+ \x3bd00000 |   0.0063476562 |   0.0063476562 | \x3bd00000 | t
+ \x63800000 |  4.7223665e+21 |  4.7223665e+21 | \x63800000 | t
+ \x4b000000 |   8.388608e+06 |   8.388608e+06 | \x4b000000 | t
+ \x4b800000 |  1.6777216e+07 |  1.6777216e+07 | \x4b800000 | t
+ \x4c000001 |  3.3554436e+07 |  3.3554436e+07 | \x4c000001 | t
+ \x4c800b0d |  6.7131496e+07 |  6.7131496e+07 | \x4c800b0d | t
+ \x00d24584 |  1.9310392e-38 |  1.9310392e-38 | \x00d24584 | t
+ \x00d90b88 |   1.993244e-38 |   1.993244e-38 | \x00d90b88 | t
+ \x45803f34 |      4103.9004 |      4103.9004 | \x45803f34 | t
+ \x4f9f24f7 |  5.3399997e+09 |  5.3399997e+09 | \x4f9f24f7 | t
+ \x3a8722c3 |   0.0010310042 |   0.0010310042 | \x3a8722c3 | t
+ \x5c800041 |   2.882326e+17 |   2.882326e+17 | \x5c800041 | t
+ \x15ae43fd |   7.038531e-26 |  7.0385313e-26 | \x15ae43fe | f
+ \x5d4cccfb |   9.223404e+17 |   9.223404e+17 | \x5d4cccfb | t
+ \x4c800001 |   6.710887e+07 |   6.710887e+07 | \x4c800001 | t
+ \x57800ed8 |   2.816025e+14 |   2.816025e+14 | \x57800ed8 | t
+ \x5f000000 |   9.223372e+18 |   9.223372e+18 | \x5f000000 | t
+ \x700000f0 |  1.5846086e+29 |  1.5846086e+29 | \x700000f0 | t
+ \x5f23e9ac |  1.1811161e+19 |  1.1811161e+19 | \x5f23e9ac | t
+ \x5e9502f9 |   5.368709e+18 |   5.368709e+18 | \x5e9502f9 | t
+ \x5e8012b1 |  4.6143166e+18 |  4.6143166e+18 | \x5e8012b1 | t
+ \x3c000028 |    0.007812537 |    0.007812537 | \x3c000028 | t
+ \x60cde861 | 1.18697725e+20 | 1.18697725e+20 | \x60cde861 | t
+ \x03aa2a50 | 1.00014165e-36 | 1.00014165e-36 | \x03aa2a50 | t
+ \x43480000 |            200 |            200 | \x43480000 | t
+ \x4c000000 |  3.3554432e+07 |  3.3554432e+07 | \x4c000000 | t
+ \x5d1502f9 |  6.7108864e+17 |  6.7108864e+17 | \x5d1502f9 | t
+ \x5d9502f9 |  1.3421773e+18 |  1.3421773e+18 | \x5d9502f9 | t
+ \x5e1502f9 |  2.6843546e+18 |  2.6843546e+18 | \x5e1502f9 | t
+ \x3f99999a |            1.2 |            1.2 | \x3f99999a | t
+ \x3f9d70a4 |           1.23 |           1.23 | \x3f9d70a4 | t
+ \x3f9df3b6 |          1.234 |          1.234 | \x3f9df3b6 | t
+ \x3f9e0419 |         1.2345 |         1.2345 | \x3f9e0419 | t
+ \x3f9e0610 |        1.23456 |        1.23456 | \x3f9e0610 | t
+ \x3f9e064b |       1.234567 |       1.234567 | \x3f9e064b | t
+ \x3f9e0651 |      1.2345678 |      1.2345678 | \x3f9e0651 | t
+ \x03d20cfe | 1.23456735e-36 | 1.23456735e-36 | \x03d20cfe | t
+(261 rows)
+
+-- clean up, lest opr_sanity complain
+drop type xfloat4 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 6 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to function xfloat4in(cstring)
+drop cascades to function xfloat4out(xfloat4)
+drop cascades to cast from xfloat4 to real
+drop cascades to cast from real to xfloat4
+drop cascades to cast from xfloat4 to integer
+drop cascades to cast from integer to xfloat4
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/float4.out b/src/test/regress/expected/float4.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ad5d00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/float4.out
@@ -0,0 +1,961 @@
+--
+-- FLOAT4
+--
+CREATE TABLE FLOAT4_TBL (f1  float4);
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    0.0');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1004.30   ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     -34.84    ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1.2345678901234e+20');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1.2345678901234e-20');
+-- test for over and under flow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e70');
+ERROR:  "10e70" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e70');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e70');
+ERROR:  "-10e70" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e70');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-70');
+ERROR:  "10e-70" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-70');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-70');
+ERROR:  "-10e-70" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-70');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e70'::float8);
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e70'::float8);
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-70'::float8);
+ERROR:  value out of range: underflow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-70'::float8);
+ERROR:  value out of range: underflow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e400');
+ERROR:  "10e400" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e400');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e400');
+ERROR:  "-10e400" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e400');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-400');
+ERROR:  "10e-400" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-400');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-400');
+ERROR:  "-10e-400" is out of range for type real
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-400');
+                                           ^
+-- bad input
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: ""
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('       ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "       "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('       ');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('xyz');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "xyz"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('xyz');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.0.0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "5.0.0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.0.0');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5 . 0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "5 . 0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5 . 0');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.   0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "5.   0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.   0');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     - 3.0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "     - 3.0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     - 3.0');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123            5');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "123            5"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123            5');
+                                           ^
+-- special inputs
+SELECT 'NaN'::float4;
+ float4 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::float4;
+ float4 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '   NAN  '::float4;
+ float4 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'infinity'::float4;
+  float4  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '          -INFINiTY   '::float4;
+  float4   
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+-- bad special inputs
+SELECT 'N A N'::float4;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "N A N"
+LINE 1: SELECT 'N A N'::float4;
+               ^
+SELECT 'NaN x'::float4;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: "NaN x"
+LINE 1: SELECT 'NaN x'::float4;
+               ^
+SELECT ' INFINITY    x'::float4;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type real: " INFINITY    x"
+LINE 1: SELECT ' INFINITY    x'::float4;
+               ^
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float4 + 100.0;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float4 / 'Infinity'::float4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '42'::float4 / 'Infinity'::float4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::float4 / 'nan'::float4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::float4 / '0'::float4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::numeric::float4;
+ float4 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT4_TBL;
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        1004.3
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE f.f1 <> '1004.3';
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE f.f1 = '1004.3';
+   f1   
+--------
+ 1004.3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE '1004.3' > f.f1;
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE  f.f1 < '1004.3';
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE '1004.3' >= f.f1;
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        1004.3
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE  f.f1 <= '1004.3';
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        1004.3
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 * '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+      f1       |       x        
+---------------+----------------
+        1004.3 |         -10043
+ 1.2345679e+20 | -1.2345678e+21
+ 1.2345679e-20 | -1.2345678e-19
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 + '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+      f1       |       x       
+---------------+---------------
+        1004.3 |         994.3
+ 1.2345679e+20 | 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20 |           -10
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 / '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+      f1       |       x        
+---------------+----------------
+        1004.3 |        -100.43
+ 1.2345679e+20 | -1.2345679e+19
+ 1.2345679e-20 | -1.2345679e-21
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 - '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+      f1       |       x       
+---------------+---------------
+        1004.3 |        1014.3
+ 1.2345679e+20 | 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20 |            10
+(3 rows)
+
+-- test divide by zero
+SELECT f.f1 / '0.0' from FLOAT4_TBL f;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT4_TBL;
+      f1       
+---------------
+             0
+        1004.3
+        -34.84
+ 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20
+(5 rows)
+
+-- test the unary float4abs operator
+SELECT f.f1, @f.f1 AS abs_f1 FROM FLOAT4_TBL f;
+      f1       |    abs_f1     
+---------------+---------------
+             0 |             0
+        1004.3 |        1004.3
+        -34.84 |         34.84
+ 1.2345679e+20 | 1.2345679e+20
+ 1.2345679e-20 | 1.2345679e-20
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE FLOAT4_TBL
+   SET f1 = FLOAT4_TBL.f1 * '-1'
+   WHERE FLOAT4_TBL.f1 > '0.0';
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT4_TBL;
+       f1       
+----------------
+              0
+         -34.84
+        -1004.3
+ -1.2345679e+20
+ -1.2345679e-20
+(5 rows)
+
+-- test edge-case coercions to integer
+SELECT '32767.4'::float4::int2;
+ int2  
+-------
+ 32767
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '32767.6'::float4::int2;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT '-32768.4'::float4::int2;
+  int2  
+--------
+ -32768
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-32768.6'::float4::int2;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT '2147483520'::float4::int4;
+    int4    
+------------
+ 2147483520
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2147483647'::float4::int4;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT '-2147483648.5'::float4::int4;
+    int4     
+-------------
+ -2147483648
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-2147483900'::float4::int4;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT '9223369837831520256'::float4::int8;
+        int8         
+---------------------
+ 9223369837831520256
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '9223372036854775807'::float4::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT '-9223372036854775808.5'::float4::int8;
+         int8         
+----------------------
+ -9223372036854775808
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-9223380000000000000'::float4::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+-- Test for correct input rounding in edge cases.
+-- These lists are from Paxson 1991, excluding subnormals and
+-- inputs of over 9 sig. digits.
+SELECT float4send('5e-20'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x1f6c1e4a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('67e14'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x59be6cea
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('985e15'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x5d5ab6c4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('55895e-16'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x2cc4a9bd
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('7038531e-32'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x15ae43fd
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('702990899e-20'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x2cf757ca
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('3e-23'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x1a111234
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('57e18'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x6045c22c
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('789e-35'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x0a23de70
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('2539e-18'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x2736f449
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('76173e28'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x7616398a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('887745e-11'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x3714f05c
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('5382571e-37'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x0d2eaca7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('82381273e-35'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x128289d1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('750486563e-38'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x0f18377e
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test that the smallest possible normalized input value inputs
+-- correctly, either in 9-significant-digit or shortest-decimal
+-- format.
+--
+-- exact val is             1.1754943508...
+-- shortest val is          1.1754944000
+-- midpoint to next val is  1.1754944208...
+SELECT float4send('1.17549435e-38'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x00800000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT float4send('1.1754944e-38'::float4);
+ float4send 
+------------
+ \x00800000
+(1 row)
+
+-- test output (and round-trip safety) of various values.
+-- To ensure we're testing what we think we're testing, start with
+-- float values specified by bit patterns (as a useful side effect,
+-- this means we'll fail on non-IEEE platforms).
+create type xfloat4;
+create function xfloat4in(cstring) returns xfloat4 immutable strict
+  language internal as 'int4in';
+NOTICE:  return type xfloat4 is only a shell
+create function xfloat4out(xfloat4) returns cstring immutable strict
+  language internal as 'int4out';
+NOTICE:  argument type xfloat4 is only a shell
+create type xfloat4 (input = xfloat4in, output = xfloat4out, like = float4);
+create cast (xfloat4 as float4) without function;
+create cast (float4 as xfloat4) without function;
+create cast (xfloat4 as integer) without function;
+create cast (integer as xfloat4) without function;
+-- float4: seeeeeee emmmmmmm mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm
+-- we don't care to assume the platform's strtod() handles subnormals
+-- correctly; those are "use at your own risk". However we do test
+-- subnormal outputs, since those are under our control.
+with testdata(bits) as (values
+  -- small subnormals
+  (x'00000001'),
+  (x'00000002'), (x'00000003'),
+  (x'00000010'), (x'00000011'), (x'00000100'), (x'00000101'),
+  (x'00004000'), (x'00004001'), (x'00080000'), (x'00080001'),
+  -- stress values
+  (x'0053c4f4'),  -- 7693e-42
+  (x'006c85c4'),  -- 996622e-44
+  (x'0041ca76'),  -- 60419369e-46
+  (x'004b7678'),  -- 6930161142e-48
+  -- taken from upstream testsuite
+  (x'00000007'),
+  (x'00424fe2'),
+  -- borderline between subnormal and normal
+  (x'007ffff0'), (x'007ffff1'), (x'007ffffe'), (x'007fffff'))
+select float4send(flt) as ibits,
+       flt
+  from (select bits::integer::xfloat4::float4 as flt
+          from testdata
+	offset 0) s;
+   ibits    |      flt      
+------------+---------------
+ \x00000001 |         1e-45
+ \x00000002 |         3e-45
+ \x00000003 |         4e-45
+ \x00000010 |       2.2e-44
+ \x00000011 |       2.4e-44
+ \x00000100 |      3.59e-43
+ \x00000101 |       3.6e-43
+ \x00004000 |    2.2959e-41
+ \x00004001 |     2.296e-41
+ \x00080000 |   7.34684e-40
+ \x00080001 |   7.34685e-40
+ \x0053c4f4 |     7.693e-39
+ \x006c85c4 |   9.96622e-39
+ \x0041ca76 |  6.041937e-39
+ \x004b7678 |  6.930161e-39
+ \x00000007 |         1e-44
+ \x00424fe2 |    6.0898e-39
+ \x007ffff0 | 1.1754921e-38
+ \x007ffff1 | 1.1754922e-38
+ \x007ffffe | 1.1754941e-38
+ \x007fffff | 1.1754942e-38
+(21 rows)
+
+with testdata(bits) as (values
+  (x'00000000'),
+  -- smallest normal values
+  (x'00800000'), (x'00800001'), (x'00800004'), (x'00800005'),
+  (x'00800006'),
+  -- small normal values chosen for short vs. long output
+  (x'008002f1'), (x'008002f2'), (x'008002f3'),
+  (x'00800e17'), (x'00800e18'), (x'00800e19'),
+  -- assorted values (random mantissae)
+  (x'01000001'), (x'01102843'), (x'01a52c98'),
+  (x'0219c229'), (x'02e4464d'), (x'037343c1'), (x'03a91b36'),
+  (x'047ada65'), (x'0496fe87'), (x'0550844f'), (x'05999da3'),
+  (x'060ea5e2'), (x'06e63c45'), (x'07f1e548'), (x'0fc5282b'),
+  (x'1f850283'), (x'2874a9d6'),
+  -- values around 5e-08
+  (x'3356bf94'), (x'3356bf95'), (x'3356bf96'),
+  -- around 1e-07
+  (x'33d6bf94'), (x'33d6bf95'), (x'33d6bf96'),
+  -- around 3e-07 .. 1e-04
+  (x'34a10faf'), (x'34a10fb0'), (x'34a10fb1'),
+  (x'350637bc'), (x'350637bd'), (x'350637be'),
+  (x'35719786'), (x'35719787'), (x'35719788'),
+  (x'358637bc'), (x'358637bd'), (x'358637be'),
+  (x'36a7c5ab'), (x'36a7c5ac'), (x'36a7c5ad'),
+  (x'3727c5ab'), (x'3727c5ac'), (x'3727c5ad'),
+  -- format crossover at 1e-04
+  (x'38d1b714'), (x'38d1b715'), (x'38d1b716'),
+  (x'38d1b717'), (x'38d1b718'), (x'38d1b719'),
+  (x'38d1b71a'), (x'38d1b71b'), (x'38d1b71c'),
+  (x'38d1b71d'),
+  --
+  (x'38dffffe'), (x'38dfffff'), (x'38e00000'),
+  (x'38efffff'), (x'38f00000'), (x'38f00001'),
+  (x'3a83126e'), (x'3a83126f'), (x'3a831270'),
+  (x'3c23d709'), (x'3c23d70a'), (x'3c23d70b'),
+  (x'3dcccccc'), (x'3dcccccd'), (x'3dccccce'),
+  -- chosen to need 9 digits for 3dcccd70
+  (x'3dcccd6f'), (x'3dcccd70'), (x'3dcccd71'),
+  --
+  (x'3effffff'), (x'3f000000'), (x'3f000001'),
+  (x'3f333332'), (x'3f333333'), (x'3f333334'),
+  -- approach 1.0 with increasing numbers of 9s
+  (x'3f666665'), (x'3f666666'), (x'3f666667'),
+  (x'3f7d70a3'), (x'3f7d70a4'), (x'3f7d70a5'),
+  (x'3f7fbe76'), (x'3f7fbe77'), (x'3f7fbe78'),
+  (x'3f7ff971'), (x'3f7ff972'), (x'3f7ff973'),
+  (x'3f7fff57'), (x'3f7fff58'), (x'3f7fff59'),
+  (x'3f7fffee'), (x'3f7fffef'),
+  -- values very close to 1
+  (x'3f7ffff0'), (x'3f7ffff1'), (x'3f7ffff2'),
+  (x'3f7ffff3'), (x'3f7ffff4'), (x'3f7ffff5'),
+  (x'3f7ffff6'), (x'3f7ffff7'), (x'3f7ffff8'),
+  (x'3f7ffff9'), (x'3f7ffffa'), (x'3f7ffffb'),
+  (x'3f7ffffc'), (x'3f7ffffd'), (x'3f7ffffe'),
+  (x'3f7fffff'),
+  (x'3f800000'),
+  (x'3f800001'), (x'3f800002'), (x'3f800003'),
+  (x'3f800004'), (x'3f800005'), (x'3f800006'),
+  (x'3f800007'), (x'3f800008'), (x'3f800009'),
+  -- values 1 to 1.1
+  (x'3f80000f'), (x'3f800010'), (x'3f800011'),
+  (x'3f800012'), (x'3f800013'), (x'3f800014'),
+  (x'3f800017'), (x'3f800018'), (x'3f800019'),
+  (x'3f80001a'), (x'3f80001b'), (x'3f80001c'),
+  (x'3f800029'), (x'3f80002a'), (x'3f80002b'),
+  (x'3f800053'), (x'3f800054'), (x'3f800055'),
+  (x'3f800346'), (x'3f800347'), (x'3f800348'),
+  (x'3f8020c4'), (x'3f8020c5'), (x'3f8020c6'),
+  (x'3f8147ad'), (x'3f8147ae'), (x'3f8147af'),
+  (x'3f8ccccc'), (x'3f8ccccd'), (x'3f8cccce'),
+  --
+  (x'3fc90fdb'), -- pi/2
+  (x'402df854'), -- e
+  (x'40490fdb'), -- pi
+  --
+  (x'409fffff'), (x'40a00000'), (x'40a00001'),
+  (x'40afffff'), (x'40b00000'), (x'40b00001'),
+  (x'411fffff'), (x'41200000'), (x'41200001'),
+  (x'42c7ffff'), (x'42c80000'), (x'42c80001'),
+  (x'4479ffff'), (x'447a0000'), (x'447a0001'),
+  (x'461c3fff'), (x'461c4000'), (x'461c4001'),
+  (x'47c34fff'), (x'47c35000'), (x'47c35001'),
+  (x'497423ff'), (x'49742400'), (x'49742401'),
+  (x'4b18967f'), (x'4b189680'), (x'4b189681'),
+  (x'4cbebc1f'), (x'4cbebc20'), (x'4cbebc21'),
+  (x'4e6e6b27'), (x'4e6e6b28'), (x'4e6e6b29'),
+  (x'501502f8'), (x'501502f9'), (x'501502fa'),
+  (x'51ba43b6'), (x'51ba43b7'), (x'51ba43b8'),
+  -- stress values
+  (x'1f6c1e4a'),  -- 5e-20
+  (x'59be6cea'),  -- 67e14
+  (x'5d5ab6c4'),  -- 985e15
+  (x'2cc4a9bd'),  -- 55895e-16
+  (x'15ae43fd'),  -- 7038531e-32
+  (x'2cf757ca'),  -- 702990899e-20
+  (x'665ba998'),  -- 25933168707e13
+  (x'743c3324'),  -- 596428896559e20
+  -- exercise fixed-point memmoves
+  (x'47f1205a'),
+  (x'4640e6ae'),
+  (x'449a5225'),
+  (x'42f6e9d5'),
+  (x'414587dd'),
+  (x'3f9e064b'),
+  -- these cases come from the upstream's testsuite
+  -- BoundaryRoundEven
+  (x'4c000004'),
+  (x'50061c46'),
+  (x'510006a8'),
+  -- ExactValueRoundEven
+  (x'48951f84'),
+  (x'45fd1840'),
+  -- LotsOfTrailingZeros
+  (x'39800000'),
+  (x'3b200000'),
+  (x'3b900000'),
+  (x'3bd00000'),
+  -- Regression
+  (x'63800000'),
+  (x'4b000000'),
+  (x'4b800000'),
+  (x'4c000001'),
+  (x'4c800b0d'),
+  (x'00d24584'),
+  (x'00d90b88'),
+  (x'45803f34'),
+  (x'4f9f24f7'),
+  (x'3a8722c3'),
+  (x'5c800041'),
+  (x'15ae43fd'),
+  (x'5d4cccfb'),
+  (x'4c800001'),
+  (x'57800ed8'),
+  (x'5f000000'),
+  (x'700000f0'),
+  (x'5f23e9ac'),
+  (x'5e9502f9'),
+  (x'5e8012b1'),
+  (x'3c000028'),
+  (x'60cde861'),
+  (x'03aa2a50'),
+  (x'43480000'),
+  (x'4c000000'),
+  -- LooksLikePow5
+  (x'5D1502F9'),
+  (x'5D9502F9'),
+  (x'5E1502F9'),
+  -- OutputLength
+  (x'3f99999a'),
+  (x'3f9d70a4'),
+  (x'3f9df3b6'),
+  (x'3f9e0419'),
+  (x'3f9e0610'),
+  (x'3f9e064b'),
+  (x'3f9e0651'),
+  (x'03d20cfe')
+)
+select float4send(flt) as ibits,
+       flt,
+       flt::text::float4 as r_flt,
+       float4send(flt::text::float4) as obits,
+       float4send(flt::text::float4) = float4send(flt) as correct
+  from (select bits::integer::xfloat4::float4 as flt
+          from testdata
+	offset 0) s;
+   ibits    |      flt       |     r_flt      |   obits    | correct 
+------------+----------------+----------------+------------+---------
+ \x00000000 |              0 |              0 | \x00000000 | t
+ \x00800000 |  1.1754944e-38 |  1.1754944e-38 | \x00800000 | t
+ \x00800001 |  1.1754945e-38 |  1.1754945e-38 | \x00800001 | t
+ \x00800004 |  1.1754949e-38 |  1.1754949e-38 | \x00800004 | t
+ \x00800005 |   1.175495e-38 |   1.175495e-38 | \x00800005 | t
+ \x00800006 |  1.1754952e-38 |  1.1754952e-38 | \x00800006 | t
+ \x008002f1 |  1.1755999e-38 |  1.1755999e-38 | \x008002f1 | t
+ \x008002f2 |     1.1756e-38 |     1.1756e-38 | \x008002f2 | t
+ \x008002f3 |  1.1756001e-38 |  1.1756001e-38 | \x008002f3 | t
+ \x00800e17 |  1.1759998e-38 |  1.1759998e-38 | \x00800e17 | t
+ \x00800e18 |      1.176e-38 |      1.176e-38 | \x00800e18 | t
+ \x00800e19 |  1.1760001e-38 |  1.1760001e-38 | \x00800e19 | t
+ \x01000001 |   2.350989e-38 |   2.350989e-38 | \x01000001 | t
+ \x01102843 |   2.647751e-38 |   2.647751e-38 | \x01102843 | t
+ \x01a52c98 |  6.0675416e-38 |  6.0675416e-38 | \x01a52c98 | t
+ \x0219c229 |  1.1296386e-37 |  1.1296386e-37 | \x0219c229 | t
+ \x02e4464d |   3.354194e-37 |   3.354194e-37 | \x02e4464d | t
+ \x037343c1 |   7.148906e-37 |   7.148906e-37 | \x037343c1 | t
+ \x03a91b36 |   9.939175e-37 |   9.939175e-37 | \x03a91b36 | t
+ \x047ada65 |   2.948764e-36 |   2.948764e-36 | \x047ada65 | t
+ \x0496fe87 |  3.5498577e-36 |  3.5498577e-36 | \x0496fe87 | t
+ \x0550844f |   9.804414e-36 |   9.804414e-36 | \x0550844f | t
+ \x05999da3 |  1.4445957e-35 |  1.4445957e-35 | \x05999da3 | t
+ \x060ea5e2 |  2.6829103e-35 |  2.6829103e-35 | \x060ea5e2 | t
+ \x06e63c45 |   8.660494e-35 |   8.660494e-35 | \x06e63c45 | t
+ \x07f1e548 |   3.639641e-34 |   3.639641e-34 | \x07f1e548 | t
+ \x0fc5282b |  1.9441172e-29 |  1.9441172e-29 | \x0fc5282b | t
+ \x1f850283 |  5.6331846e-20 |  5.6331846e-20 | \x1f850283 | t
+ \x2874a9d6 |  1.3581548e-14 |  1.3581548e-14 | \x2874a9d6 | t
+ \x3356bf94 |  4.9999997e-08 |  4.9999997e-08 | \x3356bf94 | t
+ \x3356bf95 |          5e-08 |          5e-08 | \x3356bf95 | t
+ \x3356bf96 |  5.0000004e-08 |  5.0000004e-08 | \x3356bf96 | t
+ \x33d6bf94 |  9.9999994e-08 |  9.9999994e-08 | \x33d6bf94 | t
+ \x33d6bf95 |          1e-07 |          1e-07 | \x33d6bf95 | t
+ \x33d6bf96 |  1.0000001e-07 |  1.0000001e-07 | \x33d6bf96 | t
+ \x34a10faf |  2.9999998e-07 |  2.9999998e-07 | \x34a10faf | t
+ \x34a10fb0 |          3e-07 |          3e-07 | \x34a10fb0 | t
+ \x34a10fb1 |  3.0000004e-07 |  3.0000004e-07 | \x34a10fb1 | t
+ \x350637bc |  4.9999994e-07 |  4.9999994e-07 | \x350637bc | t
+ \x350637bd |          5e-07 |          5e-07 | \x350637bd | t
+ \x350637be |  5.0000006e-07 |  5.0000006e-07 | \x350637be | t
+ \x35719786 |   8.999999e-07 |   8.999999e-07 | \x35719786 | t
+ \x35719787 |          9e-07 |          9e-07 | \x35719787 | t
+ \x35719788 |  9.0000003e-07 |  9.0000003e-07 | \x35719788 | t
+ \x358637bc |   9.999999e-07 |   9.999999e-07 | \x358637bc | t
+ \x358637bd |          1e-06 |          1e-06 | \x358637bd | t
+ \x358637be |  1.0000001e-06 |  1.0000001e-06 | \x358637be | t
+ \x36a7c5ab |  4.9999994e-06 |  4.9999994e-06 | \x36a7c5ab | t
+ \x36a7c5ac |          5e-06 |          5e-06 | \x36a7c5ac | t
+ \x36a7c5ad |  5.0000003e-06 |  5.0000003e-06 | \x36a7c5ad | t
+ \x3727c5ab |   9.999999e-06 |   9.999999e-06 | \x3727c5ab | t
+ \x3727c5ac |          1e-05 |          1e-05 | \x3727c5ac | t
+ \x3727c5ad |  1.0000001e-05 |  1.0000001e-05 | \x3727c5ad | t
+ \x38d1b714 |  9.9999976e-05 |  9.9999976e-05 | \x38d1b714 | t
+ \x38d1b715 |   9.999998e-05 |   9.999998e-05 | \x38d1b715 | t
+ \x38d1b716 |   9.999999e-05 |   9.999999e-05 | \x38d1b716 | t
+ \x38d1b717 |         0.0001 |         0.0001 | \x38d1b717 | t
+ \x38d1b718 | 0.000100000005 | 0.000100000005 | \x38d1b718 | t
+ \x38d1b719 |  0.00010000001 |  0.00010000001 | \x38d1b719 | t
+ \x38d1b71a |  0.00010000002 |  0.00010000002 | \x38d1b71a | t
+ \x38d1b71b |  0.00010000003 |  0.00010000003 | \x38d1b71b | t
+ \x38d1b71c | 0.000100000034 | 0.000100000034 | \x38d1b71c | t
+ \x38d1b71d |  0.00010000004 |  0.00010000004 | \x38d1b71d | t
+ \x38dffffe |  0.00010681151 |  0.00010681151 | \x38dffffe | t
+ \x38dfffff | 0.000106811516 | 0.000106811516 | \x38dfffff | t
+ \x38e00000 |  0.00010681152 |  0.00010681152 | \x38e00000 | t
+ \x38efffff |  0.00011444091 |  0.00011444091 | \x38efffff | t
+ \x38f00000 |  0.00011444092 |  0.00011444092 | \x38f00000 | t
+ \x38f00001 | 0.000114440925 | 0.000114440925 | \x38f00001 | t
+ \x3a83126e |   0.0009999999 |   0.0009999999 | \x3a83126e | t
+ \x3a83126f |          0.001 |          0.001 | \x3a83126f | t
+ \x3a831270 |   0.0010000002 |   0.0010000002 | \x3a831270 | t
+ \x3c23d709 |    0.009999999 |    0.009999999 | \x3c23d709 | t
+ \x3c23d70a |           0.01 |           0.01 | \x3c23d70a | t
+ \x3c23d70b |    0.010000001 |    0.010000001 | \x3c23d70b | t
+ \x3dcccccc |    0.099999994 |    0.099999994 | \x3dcccccc | t
+ \x3dcccccd |            0.1 |            0.1 | \x3dcccccd | t
+ \x3dccccce |     0.10000001 |     0.10000001 | \x3dccccce | t
+ \x3dcccd6f |     0.10000121 |     0.10000121 | \x3dcccd6f | t
+ \x3dcccd70 |    0.100001216 |    0.100001216 | \x3dcccd70 | t
+ \x3dcccd71 |     0.10000122 |     0.10000122 | \x3dcccd71 | t
+ \x3effffff |     0.49999997 |     0.49999997 | \x3effffff | t
+ \x3f000000 |            0.5 |            0.5 | \x3f000000 | t
+ \x3f000001 |     0.50000006 |     0.50000006 | \x3f000001 | t
+ \x3f333332 |      0.6999999 |      0.6999999 | \x3f333332 | t
+ \x3f333333 |            0.7 |            0.7 | \x3f333333 | t
+ \x3f333334 |     0.70000005 |     0.70000005 | \x3f333334 | t
+ \x3f666665 |      0.8999999 |      0.8999999 | \x3f666665 | t
+ \x3f666666 |            0.9 |            0.9 | \x3f666666 | t
+ \x3f666667 |     0.90000004 |     0.90000004 | \x3f666667 | t
+ \x3f7d70a3 |     0.98999995 |     0.98999995 | \x3f7d70a3 | t
+ \x3f7d70a4 |           0.99 |           0.99 | \x3f7d70a4 | t
+ \x3f7d70a5 |     0.99000007 |     0.99000007 | \x3f7d70a5 | t
+ \x3f7fbe76 |     0.99899995 |     0.99899995 | \x3f7fbe76 | t
+ \x3f7fbe77 |          0.999 |          0.999 | \x3f7fbe77 | t
+ \x3f7fbe78 |      0.9990001 |      0.9990001 | \x3f7fbe78 | t
+ \x3f7ff971 |      0.9998999 |      0.9998999 | \x3f7ff971 | t
+ \x3f7ff972 |         0.9999 |         0.9999 | \x3f7ff972 | t
+ \x3f7ff973 |     0.99990004 |     0.99990004 | \x3f7ff973 | t
+ \x3f7fff57 |      0.9999899 |      0.9999899 | \x3f7fff57 | t
+ \x3f7fff58 |        0.99999 |        0.99999 | \x3f7fff58 | t
+ \x3f7fff59 |     0.99999005 |     0.99999005 | \x3f7fff59 | t
+ \x3f7fffee |      0.9999989 |      0.9999989 | \x3f7fffee | t
+ \x3f7fffef |       0.999999 |       0.999999 | \x3f7fffef | t
+ \x3f7ffff0 |     0.99999905 |     0.99999905 | \x3f7ffff0 | t
+ \x3f7ffff1 |      0.9999991 |      0.9999991 | \x3f7ffff1 | t
+ \x3f7ffff2 |     0.99999917 |     0.99999917 | \x3f7ffff2 | t
+ \x3f7ffff3 |      0.9999992 |      0.9999992 | \x3f7ffff3 | t
+ \x3f7ffff4 |      0.9999993 |      0.9999993 | \x3f7ffff4 | t
+ \x3f7ffff5 |     0.99999934 |     0.99999934 | \x3f7ffff5 | t
+ \x3f7ffff6 |      0.9999994 |      0.9999994 | \x3f7ffff6 | t
+ \x3f7ffff7 |     0.99999946 |     0.99999946 | \x3f7ffff7 | t
+ \x3f7ffff8 |      0.9999995 |      0.9999995 | \x3f7ffff8 | t
+ \x3f7ffff9 |      0.9999996 |      0.9999996 | \x3f7ffff9 | t
+ \x3f7ffffa |     0.99999964 |     0.99999964 | \x3f7ffffa | t
+ \x3f7ffffb |      0.9999997 |      0.9999997 | \x3f7ffffb | t
+ \x3f7ffffc |     0.99999976 |     0.99999976 | \x3f7ffffc | t
+ \x3f7ffffd |      0.9999998 |      0.9999998 | \x3f7ffffd | t
+ \x3f7ffffe |      0.9999999 |      0.9999999 | \x3f7ffffe | t
+ \x3f7fffff |     0.99999994 |     0.99999994 | \x3f7fffff | t
+ \x3f800000 |              1 |              1 | \x3f800000 | t
+ \x3f800001 |      1.0000001 |      1.0000001 | \x3f800001 | t
+ \x3f800002 |      1.0000002 |      1.0000002 | \x3f800002 | t
+ \x3f800003 |      1.0000004 |      1.0000004 | \x3f800003 | t
+ \x3f800004 |      1.0000005 |      1.0000005 | \x3f800004 | t
+ \x3f800005 |      1.0000006 |      1.0000006 | \x3f800005 | t
+ \x3f800006 |      1.0000007 |      1.0000007 | \x3f800006 | t
+ \x3f800007 |      1.0000008 |      1.0000008 | \x3f800007 | t
+ \x3f800008 |       1.000001 |       1.000001 | \x3f800008 | t
+ \x3f800009 |      1.0000011 |      1.0000011 | \x3f800009 | t
+ \x3f80000f |      1.0000018 |      1.0000018 | \x3f80000f | t
+ \x3f800010 |      1.0000019 |      1.0000019 | \x3f800010 | t
+ \x3f800011 |       1.000002 |       1.000002 | \x3f800011 | t
+ \x3f800012 |      1.0000021 |      1.0000021 | \x3f800012 | t
+ \x3f800013 |      1.0000023 |      1.0000023 | \x3f800013 | t
+ \x3f800014 |      1.0000024 |      1.0000024 | \x3f800014 | t
+ \x3f800017 |      1.0000027 |      1.0000027 | \x3f800017 | t
+ \x3f800018 |      1.0000029 |      1.0000029 | \x3f800018 | t
+ \x3f800019 |       1.000003 |       1.000003 | \x3f800019 | t
+ \x3f80001a |      1.0000031 |      1.0000031 | \x3f80001a | t
+ \x3f80001b |      1.0000032 |      1.0000032 | \x3f80001b | t
+ \x3f80001c |      1.0000033 |      1.0000033 | \x3f80001c | t
+ \x3f800029 |      1.0000049 |      1.0000049 | \x3f800029 | t
+ \x3f80002a |       1.000005 |       1.000005 | \x3f80002a | t
+ \x3f80002b |      1.0000051 |      1.0000051 | \x3f80002b | t
+ \x3f800053 |      1.0000099 |      1.0000099 | \x3f800053 | t
+ \x3f800054 |        1.00001 |        1.00001 | \x3f800054 | t
+ \x3f800055 |      1.0000101 |      1.0000101 | \x3f800055 | t
+ \x3f800346 |      1.0000999 |      1.0000999 | \x3f800346 | t
+ \x3f800347 |         1.0001 |         1.0001 | \x3f800347 | t
+ \x3f800348 |      1.0001001 |      1.0001001 | \x3f800348 | t
+ \x3f8020c4 |      1.0009999 |      1.0009999 | \x3f8020c4 | t
+ \x3f8020c5 |          1.001 |          1.001 | \x3f8020c5 | t
+ \x3f8020c6 |      1.0010002 |      1.0010002 | \x3f8020c6 | t
+ \x3f8147ad |      1.0099999 |      1.0099999 | \x3f8147ad | t
+ \x3f8147ae |           1.01 |           1.01 | \x3f8147ae | t
+ \x3f8147af |      1.0100001 |      1.0100001 | \x3f8147af | t
+ \x3f8ccccc |      1.0999999 |      1.0999999 | \x3f8ccccc | t
+ \x3f8ccccd |            1.1 |            1.1 | \x3f8ccccd | t
+ \x3f8cccce |      1.1000001 |      1.1000001 | \x3f8cccce | t
+ \x3fc90fdb |      1.5707964 |      1.5707964 | \x3fc90fdb | t
+ \x402df854 |      2.7182817 |      2.7182817 | \x402df854 | t
+ \x40490fdb |      3.1415927 |      3.1415927 | \x40490fdb | t
+ \x409fffff |      4.9999995 |      4.9999995 | \x409fffff | t
+ \x40a00000 |              5 |              5 | \x40a00000 | t
+ \x40a00001 |      5.0000005 |      5.0000005 | \x40a00001 | t
+ \x40afffff |      5.4999995 |      5.4999995 | \x40afffff | t
+ \x40b00000 |            5.5 |            5.5 | \x40b00000 | t
+ \x40b00001 |      5.5000005 |      5.5000005 | \x40b00001 | t
+ \x411fffff |       9.999999 |       9.999999 | \x411fffff | t
+ \x41200000 |             10 |             10 | \x41200000 | t
+ \x41200001 |      10.000001 |      10.000001 | \x41200001 | t
+ \x42c7ffff |       99.99999 |       99.99999 | \x42c7ffff | t
+ \x42c80000 |            100 |            100 | \x42c80000 | t
+ \x42c80001 |      100.00001 |      100.00001 | \x42c80001 | t
+ \x4479ffff |      999.99994 |      999.99994 | \x4479ffff | t
+ \x447a0000 |           1000 |           1000 | \x447a0000 | t
+ \x447a0001 |     1000.00006 |     1000.00006 | \x447a0001 | t
+ \x461c3fff |       9999.999 |       9999.999 | \x461c3fff | t
+ \x461c4000 |          10000 |          10000 | \x461c4000 | t
+ \x461c4001 |      10000.001 |      10000.001 | \x461c4001 | t
+ \x47c34fff |       99999.99 |       99999.99 | \x47c34fff | t
+ \x47c35000 |         100000 |         100000 | \x47c35000 | t
+ \x47c35001 |      100000.01 |      100000.01 | \x47c35001 | t
+ \x497423ff |      999999.94 |      999999.94 | \x497423ff | t
+ \x49742400 |          1e+06 |          1e+06 | \x49742400 | t
+ \x49742401 | 1.00000006e+06 | 1.00000006e+06 | \x49742401 | t
+ \x4b18967f |   9.999999e+06 |   9.999999e+06 | \x4b18967f | t
+ \x4b189680 |          1e+07 |          1e+07 | \x4b189680 | t
+ \x4b189681 |  1.0000001e+07 |  1.0000001e+07 | \x4b189681 | t
+ \x4cbebc1f |   9.999999e+07 |   9.999999e+07 | \x4cbebc1f | t
+ \x4cbebc20 |          1e+08 |          1e+08 | \x4cbebc20 | t
+ \x4cbebc21 |  1.0000001e+08 |  1.0000001e+08 | \x4cbebc21 | t
+ \x4e6e6b27 |  9.9999994e+08 |  9.9999994e+08 | \x4e6e6b27 | t
+ \x4e6e6b28 |          1e+09 |          1e+09 | \x4e6e6b28 | t
+ \x4e6e6b29 | 1.00000006e+09 | 1.00000006e+09 | \x4e6e6b29 | t
+ \x501502f8 |   9.999999e+09 |   9.999999e+09 | \x501502f8 | t
+ \x501502f9 |          1e+10 |          1e+10 | \x501502f9 | t
+ \x501502fa |  1.0000001e+10 |  1.0000001e+10 | \x501502fa | t
+ \x51ba43b6 |   9.999999e+10 |   9.999999e+10 | \x51ba43b6 | t
+ \x51ba43b7 |          1e+11 |          1e+11 | \x51ba43b7 | t
+ \x51ba43b8 |  1.0000001e+11 |  1.0000001e+11 | \x51ba43b8 | t
+ \x1f6c1e4a |          5e-20 |          5e-20 | \x1f6c1e4a | t
+ \x59be6cea |        6.7e+15 |        6.7e+15 | \x59be6cea | t
+ \x5d5ab6c4 |       9.85e+17 |       9.85e+17 | \x5d5ab6c4 | t
+ \x2cc4a9bd |     5.5895e-12 |     5.5895e-12 | \x2cc4a9bd | t
+ \x15ae43fd |   7.038531e-26 |   7.038531e-26 | \x15ae43fd | t
+ \x2cf757ca |  7.0299088e-12 |  7.0299088e-12 | \x2cf757ca | t
+ \x665ba998 |  2.5933168e+23 |  2.5933168e+23 | \x665ba998 | t
+ \x743c3324 |  5.9642887e+31 |  5.9642887e+31 | \x743c3324 | t
+ \x47f1205a |       123456.7 |       123456.7 | \x47f1205a | t
+ \x4640e6ae |       12345.67 |       12345.67 | \x4640e6ae | t
+ \x449a5225 |       1234.567 |       1234.567 | \x449a5225 | t
+ \x42f6e9d5 |       123.4567 |       123.4567 | \x42f6e9d5 | t
+ \x414587dd |       12.34567 |       12.34567 | \x414587dd | t
+ \x3f9e064b |       1.234567 |       1.234567 | \x3f9e064b | t
+ \x4c000004 |  3.3554448e+07 |  3.3554448e+07 | \x4c000004 | t
+ \x50061c46 |   8.999999e+09 |   8.999999e+09 | \x50061c46 | t
+ \x510006a8 |  3.4366718e+10 |  3.4366718e+10 | \x510006a8 | t
+ \x48951f84 |      305404.12 |      305404.12 | \x48951f84 | t
+ \x45fd1840 |      8099.0312 |      8099.0312 | \x45fd1840 | t
+ \x39800000 |  0.00024414062 |  0.00024414062 | \x39800000 | t
+ \x3b200000 |   0.0024414062 |   0.0024414062 | \x3b200000 | t
+ \x3b900000 |   0.0043945312 |   0.0043945312 | \x3b900000 | t
+ \x3bd00000 |   0.0063476562 |   0.0063476562 | \x3bd00000 | t
+ \x63800000 |  4.7223665e+21 |  4.7223665e+21 | \x63800000 | t
+ \x4b000000 |   8.388608e+06 |   8.388608e+06 | \x4b000000 | t
+ \x4b800000 |  1.6777216e+07 |  1.6777216e+07 | \x4b800000 | t
+ \x4c000001 |  3.3554436e+07 |  3.3554436e+07 | \x4c000001 | t
+ \x4c800b0d |  6.7131496e+07 |  6.7131496e+07 | \x4c800b0d | t
+ \x00d24584 |  1.9310392e-38 |  1.9310392e-38 | \x00d24584 | t
+ \x00d90b88 |   1.993244e-38 |   1.993244e-38 | \x00d90b88 | t
+ \x45803f34 |      4103.9004 |      4103.9004 | \x45803f34 | t
+ \x4f9f24f7 |  5.3399997e+09 |  5.3399997e+09 | \x4f9f24f7 | t
+ \x3a8722c3 |   0.0010310042 |   0.0010310042 | \x3a8722c3 | t
+ \x5c800041 |   2.882326e+17 |   2.882326e+17 | \x5c800041 | t
+ \x15ae43fd |   7.038531e-26 |   7.038531e-26 | \x15ae43fd | t
+ \x5d4cccfb |   9.223404e+17 |   9.223404e+17 | \x5d4cccfb | t
+ \x4c800001 |   6.710887e+07 |   6.710887e+07 | \x4c800001 | t
+ \x57800ed8 |   2.816025e+14 |   2.816025e+14 | \x57800ed8 | t
+ \x5f000000 |   9.223372e+18 |   9.223372e+18 | \x5f000000 | t
+ \x700000f0 |  1.5846086e+29 |  1.5846086e+29 | \x700000f0 | t
+ \x5f23e9ac |  1.1811161e+19 |  1.1811161e+19 | \x5f23e9ac | t
+ \x5e9502f9 |   5.368709e+18 |   5.368709e+18 | \x5e9502f9 | t
+ \x5e8012b1 |  4.6143166e+18 |  4.6143166e+18 | \x5e8012b1 | t
+ \x3c000028 |    0.007812537 |    0.007812537 | \x3c000028 | t
+ \x60cde861 | 1.18697725e+20 | 1.18697725e+20 | \x60cde861 | t
+ \x03aa2a50 | 1.00014165e-36 | 1.00014165e-36 | \x03aa2a50 | t
+ \x43480000 |            200 |            200 | \x43480000 | t
+ \x4c000000 |  3.3554432e+07 |  3.3554432e+07 | \x4c000000 | t
+ \x5d1502f9 |  6.7108864e+17 |  6.7108864e+17 | \x5d1502f9 | t
+ \x5d9502f9 |  1.3421773e+18 |  1.3421773e+18 | \x5d9502f9 | t
+ \x5e1502f9 |  2.6843546e+18 |  2.6843546e+18 | \x5e1502f9 | t
+ \x3f99999a |            1.2 |            1.2 | \x3f99999a | t
+ \x3f9d70a4 |           1.23 |           1.23 | \x3f9d70a4 | t
+ \x3f9df3b6 |          1.234 |          1.234 | \x3f9df3b6 | t
+ \x3f9e0419 |         1.2345 |         1.2345 | \x3f9e0419 | t
+ \x3f9e0610 |        1.23456 |        1.23456 | \x3f9e0610 | t
+ \x3f9e064b |       1.234567 |       1.234567 | \x3f9e064b | t
+ \x3f9e0651 |      1.2345678 |      1.2345678 | \x3f9e0651 | t
+ \x03d20cfe | 1.23456735e-36 | 1.23456735e-36 | \x03d20cfe | t
+(261 rows)
+
+-- clean up, lest opr_sanity complain
+drop type xfloat4 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 6 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to function xfloat4in(cstring)
+drop cascades to function xfloat4out(xfloat4)
+drop cascades to cast from xfloat4 to real
+drop cascades to cast from real to xfloat4
+drop cascades to cast from xfloat4 to integer
+drop cascades to cast from integer to xfloat4
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/float8.out b/src/test/regress/expected/float8.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de4d57e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/float8.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1380 @@
+--
+-- FLOAT8
+--
+--
+-- Build a table for testing
+-- (This temporarily hides the table created in test_setup.sql)
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FLOAT8_TBL(f1 float8);
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    0.0   ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1004.30  ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('   -34.84');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1.2345678901234e+200');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1.2345678901234e-200');
+-- test for underflow and overflow handling
+SELECT '10e400'::float8;
+ERROR:  "10e400" is out of range for type double precision
+LINE 1: SELECT '10e400'::float8;
+               ^
+SELECT '-10e400'::float8;
+ERROR:  "-10e400" is out of range for type double precision
+LINE 1: SELECT '-10e400'::float8;
+               ^
+SELECT '10e-400'::float8;
+ERROR:  "10e-400" is out of range for type double precision
+LINE 1: SELECT '10e-400'::float8;
+               ^
+SELECT '-10e-400'::float8;
+ERROR:  "-10e-400" is out of range for type double precision
+LINE 1: SELECT '-10e-400'::float8;
+               ^
+-- test smallest normalized input
+SELECT float8send('2.2250738585072014E-308'::float8);
+     float8send     
+--------------------
+ \x0010000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- bad input
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type double precision: ""
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type double precision: "     "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     ');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('xyz');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type double precision: "xyz"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('xyz');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.0.0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type double precision: "5.0.0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.0.0');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5 . 0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type double precision: "5 . 0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5 . 0');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.   0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type double precision: "5.   0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.   0');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    - 3');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type double precision: "    - 3"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    - 3');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123           5');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type double precision: "123           5"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123           5');
+                                           ^
+-- special inputs
+SELECT 'NaN'::float8;
+ float8 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::float8;
+ float8 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '   NAN  '::float8;
+ float8 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'infinity'::float8;
+  float8  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '          -INFINiTY   '::float8;
+  float8   
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+-- bad special inputs
+SELECT 'N A N'::float8;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type double precision: "N A N"
+LINE 1: SELECT 'N A N'::float8;
+               ^
+SELECT 'NaN x'::float8;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type double precision: "NaN x"
+LINE 1: SELECT 'NaN x'::float8;
+               ^
+SELECT ' INFINITY    x'::float8;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type double precision: " INFINITY    x"
+LINE 1: SELECT ' INFINITY    x'::float8;
+               ^
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float8 + 100.0;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float8 / 'Infinity'::float8;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '42'::float8 / 'Infinity'::float8;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::float8 / 'nan'::float8;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::float8 / '0'::float8;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'nan'::numeric::float8;
+ float8 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT8_TBL;
+          f1          
+----------------------
+                    0
+               1004.3
+               -34.84
+ 1.2345678901234e+200
+ 1.2345678901234e-200
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE f.f1 <> '1004.3';
+          f1          
+----------------------
+                    0
+               -34.84
+ 1.2345678901234e+200
+ 1.2345678901234e-200
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE f.f1 = '1004.3';
+   f1   
+--------
+ 1004.3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE '1004.3' > f.f1;
+          f1          
+----------------------
+                    0
+               -34.84
+ 1.2345678901234e-200
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE  f.f1 < '1004.3';
+          f1          
+----------------------
+                    0
+               -34.84
+ 1.2345678901234e-200
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE '1004.3' >= f.f1;
+          f1          
+----------------------
+                    0
+               1004.3
+               -34.84
+ 1.2345678901234e-200
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE  f.f1 <= '1004.3';
+          f1          
+----------------------
+                    0
+               1004.3
+               -34.84
+ 1.2345678901234e-200
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 * '-10' AS x
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+          f1          |           x           
+----------------------+-----------------------
+               1004.3 |                -10043
+ 1.2345678901234e+200 | -1.2345678901234e+201
+ 1.2345678901234e-200 | -1.2345678901234e-199
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 + '-10' AS x
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+          f1          |          x           
+----------------------+----------------------
+               1004.3 |                994.3
+ 1.2345678901234e+200 | 1.2345678901234e+200
+ 1.2345678901234e-200 |                  -10
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 / '-10' AS x
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+          f1          |           x           
+----------------------+-----------------------
+               1004.3 |   -100.42999999999999
+ 1.2345678901234e+200 | -1.2345678901234e+199
+ 1.2345678901234e-200 | -1.2345678901234e-201
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 - '-10' AS x
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+          f1          |          x           
+----------------------+----------------------
+               1004.3 |               1014.3
+ 1.2345678901234e+200 | 1.2345678901234e+200
+ 1.2345678901234e-200 |                   10
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f.f1 ^ '2.0' AS square_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f where f.f1 = '1004.3';
+     square_f1      
+--------------------
+ 1008618.4899999999
+(1 row)
+
+-- absolute value
+SELECT f.f1, @f.f1 AS abs_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f;
+          f1          |        abs_f1        
+----------------------+----------------------
+                    0 |                    0
+               1004.3 |               1004.3
+               -34.84 |                34.84
+ 1.2345678901234e+200 | 1.2345678901234e+200
+ 1.2345678901234e-200 | 1.2345678901234e-200
+(5 rows)
+
+-- truncate
+SELECT f.f1, trunc(f.f1) AS trunc_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f;
+          f1          |       trunc_f1       
+----------------------+----------------------
+                    0 |                    0
+               1004.3 |                 1004
+               -34.84 |                  -34
+ 1.2345678901234e+200 | 1.2345678901234e+200
+ 1.2345678901234e-200 |                    0
+(5 rows)
+
+-- round
+SELECT f.f1, round(f.f1) AS round_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f;
+          f1          |       round_f1       
+----------------------+----------------------
+                    0 |                    0
+               1004.3 |                 1004
+               -34.84 |                  -35
+ 1.2345678901234e+200 | 1.2345678901234e+200
+ 1.2345678901234e-200 |                    0
+(5 rows)
+
+-- ceil / ceiling
+select ceil(f1) as ceil_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+       ceil_f1        
+----------------------
+                    0
+                 1005
+                  -34
+ 1.2345678901234e+200
+                    1
+(5 rows)
+
+select ceiling(f1) as ceiling_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+      ceiling_f1      
+----------------------
+                    0
+                 1005
+                  -34
+ 1.2345678901234e+200
+                    1
+(5 rows)
+
+-- floor
+select floor(f1) as floor_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+       floor_f1       
+----------------------
+                    0
+                 1004
+                  -35
+ 1.2345678901234e+200
+                    0
+(5 rows)
+
+-- sign
+select sign(f1) as sign_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+ sign_f1 
+---------
+       0
+       1
+      -1
+       1
+       1
+(5 rows)
+
+-- avoid bit-exact output here because operations may not be bit-exact.
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+-- square root
+SELECT sqrt(float8 '64') AS eight;
+ eight 
+-------
+     8
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT |/ float8 '64' AS eight;
+ eight 
+-------
+     8
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT f.f1, |/f.f1 AS sqrt_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+          f1          |        sqrt_f1        
+----------------------+-----------------------
+               1004.3 |      31.6906926399535
+ 1.2345678901234e+200 | 1.11111110611109e+100
+ 1.2345678901234e-200 | 1.11111110611109e-100
+(3 rows)
+
+-- power
+SELECT power(float8 '144', float8 '0.5');
+ power 
+-------
+    12
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 'NaN', float8 '0.5');
+ power 
+-------
+   NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '144', float8 'NaN');
+ power 
+-------
+   NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 'NaN', float8 'NaN');
+ power 
+-------
+   NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-1', float8 'NaN');
+ power 
+-------
+   NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '1', float8 'NaN');
+ power 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 'NaN', float8 '0');
+ power 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 'inf', float8 '0');
+ power 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '0');
+ power 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '0', float8 'inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '0', float8 '-inf');
+ERROR:  zero raised to a negative power is undefined
+SELECT power(float8 '1', float8 'inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '1', float8 '-inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-1', float8 'inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-1', float8 '-inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '0.1', float8 'inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-0.1', float8 'inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '1.1', float8 'inf');
+  power   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-1.1', float8 'inf');
+  power   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '0.1', float8 '-inf');
+  power   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-0.1', float8 '-inf');
+  power   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '1.1', float8 '-inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-1.1', float8 '-inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 'inf', float8 '-2');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 'inf', float8 '2');
+  power   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 'inf', float8 'inf');
+  power   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 'inf', float8 '-inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- Intel's icc misoptimizes the code that controls the sign of this result,
+-- even with -mp1.  Pending a fix for that, only test for "is it zero".
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '-2') = '0';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '-3');
+ power 
+-------
+    -0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '2');
+  power   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '3');
+   power   
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '3.5');
+ERROR:  a negative number raised to a non-integer power yields a complex result
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 'inf');
+  power   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '-inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- take exp of ln(f.f1)
+SELECT f.f1, exp(ln(f.f1)) AS exp_ln_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+          f1          |       exp_ln_f1       
+----------------------+-----------------------
+               1004.3 |                1004.3
+ 1.2345678901234e+200 | 1.23456789012338e+200
+ 1.2345678901234e-200 | 1.23456789012339e-200
+(3 rows)
+
+-- check edge cases for exp
+SELECT exp('inf'::float8), exp('-inf'::float8), exp('nan'::float8);
+   exp    | exp | exp 
+----------+-----+-----
+ Infinity |   0 | NaN
+(1 row)
+
+-- cube root
+SELECT ||/ float8 '27' AS three;
+ three 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT f.f1, ||/f.f1 AS cbrt_f1 FROM FLOAT8_TBL f;
+          f1          |       cbrt_f1        
+----------------------+----------------------
+                    0 |                    0
+               1004.3 |      10.014312837827
+               -34.84 |    -3.26607421344208
+ 1.2345678901234e+200 | 4.97933859234765e+66
+ 1.2345678901234e-200 |  2.3112042409018e-67
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT8_TBL;
+          f1          
+----------------------
+                    0
+               1004.3
+               -34.84
+ 1.2345678901234e+200
+ 1.2345678901234e-200
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE FLOAT8_TBL
+   SET f1 = FLOAT8_TBL.f1 * '-1'
+   WHERE FLOAT8_TBL.f1 > '0.0';
+SELECT f.f1 * '1e200' from FLOAT8_TBL f;
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
+SELECT f.f1 ^ '1e200' from FLOAT8_TBL f;
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
+SELECT 0 ^ 0 + 0 ^ 1 + 0 ^ 0.0 + 0 ^ 0.5;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ln(f.f1) from FLOAT8_TBL f where f.f1 = '0.0' ;
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of zero
+SELECT ln(f.f1) from FLOAT8_TBL f where f.f1 < '0.0' ;
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+SELECT exp(f.f1) from FLOAT8_TBL f;
+ERROR:  value out of range: underflow
+SELECT f.f1 / '0.0' from FLOAT8_TBL f;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT8_TBL;
+          f1           
+-----------------------
+                     0
+                -34.84
+               -1004.3
+ -1.2345678901234e+200
+ -1.2345678901234e-200
+(5 rows)
+
+-- hyperbolic functions
+-- we run these with extra_float_digits = 0 too, since different platforms
+-- tend to produce results that vary in the last place.
+SELECT sinh(float8 '1');
+      sinh       
+-----------------
+ 1.1752011936438
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosh(float8 '1');
+       cosh       
+------------------
+ 1.54308063481524
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT tanh(float8 '1');
+       tanh        
+-------------------
+ 0.761594155955765
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT asinh(float8 '1');
+       asinh       
+-------------------
+ 0.881373587019543
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT acosh(float8 '2');
+      acosh       
+------------------
+ 1.31695789692482
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT atanh(float8 '0.5');
+       atanh       
+-------------------
+ 0.549306144334055
+(1 row)
+
+-- test Inf/NaN cases for hyperbolic functions
+SELECT sinh(float8 'infinity');
+   sinh   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sinh(float8 '-infinity');
+   sinh    
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sinh(float8 'nan');
+ sinh 
+------
+  NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosh(float8 'infinity');
+   cosh   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosh(float8 '-infinity');
+   cosh   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cosh(float8 'nan');
+ cosh 
+------
+  NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT tanh(float8 'infinity');
+ tanh 
+------
+    1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT tanh(float8 '-infinity');
+ tanh 
+------
+   -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT tanh(float8 'nan');
+ tanh 
+------
+  NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT asinh(float8 'infinity');
+  asinh   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT asinh(float8 '-infinity');
+   asinh   
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT asinh(float8 'nan');
+ asinh 
+-------
+   NaN
+(1 row)
+
+-- acosh(Inf) should be Inf, but some mingw versions produce NaN, so skip test
+-- SELECT acosh(float8 'infinity');
+SELECT acosh(float8 '-infinity');
+ERROR:  input is out of range
+SELECT acosh(float8 'nan');
+ acosh 
+-------
+   NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT atanh(float8 'infinity');
+ERROR:  input is out of range
+SELECT atanh(float8 '-infinity');
+ERROR:  input is out of range
+SELECT atanh(float8 'nan');
+ atanh 
+-------
+   NaN
+(1 row)
+
+RESET extra_float_digits;
+-- test for over- and underflow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e400');
+ERROR:  "10e400" is out of range for type double precision
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e400');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e400');
+ERROR:  "-10e400" is out of range for type double precision
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e400');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-400');
+ERROR:  "10e-400" is out of range for type double precision
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-400');
+                                           ^
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-400');
+ERROR:  "-10e-400" is out of range for type double precision
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-400');
+                                           ^
+DROP TABLE FLOAT8_TBL;
+-- Check the float8 values exported for use by other tests
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT8_TBL;
+          f1           
+-----------------------
+                     0
+                -34.84
+               -1004.3
+ -1.2345678901234e+200
+ -1.2345678901234e-200
+(5 rows)
+
+-- test edge-case coercions to integer
+SELECT '32767.4'::float8::int2;
+ int2  
+-------
+ 32767
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '32767.6'::float8::int2;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT '-32768.4'::float8::int2;
+  int2  
+--------
+ -32768
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-32768.6'::float8::int2;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT '2147483647.4'::float8::int4;
+    int4    
+------------
+ 2147483647
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2147483647.6'::float8::int4;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT '-2147483648.4'::float8::int4;
+    int4     
+-------------
+ -2147483648
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-2147483648.6'::float8::int4;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT '9223372036854773760'::float8::int8;
+        int8         
+---------------------
+ 9223372036854773760
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '9223372036854775807'::float8::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT '-9223372036854775808.5'::float8::int8;
+         int8         
+----------------------
+ -9223372036854775808
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-9223372036854780000'::float8::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+-- test exact cases for trigonometric functions in degrees
+SELECT x,
+       sind(x),
+       sind(x) IN (-1,-0.5,0,0.5,1) AS sind_exact
+FROM (VALUES (0), (30), (90), (150), (180),
+      (210), (270), (330), (360)) AS t(x);
+  x  | sind | sind_exact 
+-----+------+------------
+   0 |    0 | t
+  30 |  0.5 | t
+  90 |    1 | t
+ 150 |  0.5 | t
+ 180 |    0 | t
+ 210 | -0.5 | t
+ 270 |   -1 | t
+ 330 | -0.5 | t
+ 360 |    0 | t
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT x,
+       cosd(x),
+       cosd(x) IN (-1,-0.5,0,0.5,1) AS cosd_exact
+FROM (VALUES (0), (60), (90), (120), (180),
+      (240), (270), (300), (360)) AS t(x);
+  x  | cosd | cosd_exact 
+-----+------+------------
+   0 |    1 | t
+  60 |  0.5 | t
+  90 |    0 | t
+ 120 | -0.5 | t
+ 180 |   -1 | t
+ 240 | -0.5 | t
+ 270 |    0 | t
+ 300 |  0.5 | t
+ 360 |    1 | t
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT x,
+       tand(x),
+       tand(x) IN ('-Infinity'::float8,-1,0,
+                   1,'Infinity'::float8) AS tand_exact,
+       cotd(x),
+       cotd(x) IN ('-Infinity'::float8,-1,0,
+                   1,'Infinity'::float8) AS cotd_exact
+FROM (VALUES (0), (45), (90), (135), (180),
+      (225), (270), (315), (360)) AS t(x);
+  x  |   tand    | tand_exact |   cotd    | cotd_exact 
+-----+-----------+------------+-----------+------------
+   0 |         0 | t          |  Infinity | t
+  45 |         1 | t          |         1 | t
+  90 |  Infinity | t          |         0 | t
+ 135 |        -1 | t          |        -1 | t
+ 180 |         0 | t          | -Infinity | t
+ 225 |         1 | t          |         1 | t
+ 270 | -Infinity | t          |         0 | t
+ 315 |        -1 | t          |        -1 | t
+ 360 |         0 | t          |  Infinity | t
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT x,
+       asind(x),
+       asind(x) IN (-90,-30,0,30,90) AS asind_exact,
+       acosd(x),
+       acosd(x) IN (0,60,90,120,180) AS acosd_exact
+FROM (VALUES (-1), (-0.5), (0), (0.5), (1)) AS t(x);
+  x   | asind | asind_exact | acosd | acosd_exact 
+------+-------+-------------+-------+-------------
+   -1 |   -90 | t           |   180 | t
+ -0.5 |   -30 | t           |   120 | t
+    0 |     0 | t           |    90 | t
+  0.5 |    30 | t           |    60 | t
+    1 |    90 | t           |     0 | t
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT x,
+       atand(x),
+       atand(x) IN (-90,-45,0,45,90) AS atand_exact
+FROM (VALUES ('-Infinity'::float8), (-1), (0), (1),
+      ('Infinity'::float8)) AS t(x);
+     x     | atand | atand_exact 
+-----------+-------+-------------
+ -Infinity |   -90 | t
+        -1 |   -45 | t
+         0 |     0 | t
+         1 |    45 | t
+  Infinity |    90 | t
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT x, y,
+       atan2d(y, x),
+       atan2d(y, x) IN (-90,0,90,180) AS atan2d_exact
+FROM (SELECT 10*cosd(a), 10*sind(a)
+      FROM generate_series(0, 360, 90) AS t(a)) AS t(x,y);
+  x  |  y  | atan2d | atan2d_exact 
+-----+-----+--------+--------------
+  10 |   0 |      0 | t
+   0 |  10 |     90 | t
+ -10 |   0 |    180 | t
+   0 | -10 |    -90 | t
+  10 |   0 |      0 | t
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- test output (and round-trip safety) of various values.
+-- To ensure we're testing what we think we're testing, start with
+-- float values specified by bit patterns (as a useful side effect,
+-- this means we'll fail on non-IEEE platforms).
+create type xfloat8;
+create function xfloat8in(cstring) returns xfloat8 immutable strict
+  language internal as 'int8in';
+NOTICE:  return type xfloat8 is only a shell
+create function xfloat8out(xfloat8) returns cstring immutable strict
+  language internal as 'int8out';
+NOTICE:  argument type xfloat8 is only a shell
+create type xfloat8 (input = xfloat8in, output = xfloat8out, like = float8);
+create cast (xfloat8 as float8) without function;
+create cast (float8 as xfloat8) without function;
+create cast (xfloat8 as bigint) without function;
+create cast (bigint as xfloat8) without function;
+-- float8: seeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm(x4)
+-- we don't care to assume the platform's strtod() handles subnormals
+-- correctly; those are "use at your own risk". However we do test
+-- subnormal outputs, since those are under our control.
+with testdata(bits) as (values
+  -- small subnormals
+  (x'0000000000000001'),
+  (x'0000000000000002'), (x'0000000000000003'),
+  (x'0000000000001000'), (x'0000000100000000'),
+  (x'0000010000000000'), (x'0000010100000000'),
+  (x'0000400000000000'), (x'0000400100000000'),
+  (x'0000800000000000'), (x'0000800000000001'),
+  -- these values taken from upstream testsuite
+  (x'00000000000f4240'),
+  (x'00000000016e3600'),
+  (x'0000008cdcdea440'),
+  -- borderline between subnormal and normal
+  (x'000ffffffffffff0'), (x'000ffffffffffff1'),
+  (x'000ffffffffffffe'), (x'000fffffffffffff'))
+select float8send(flt) as ibits,
+       flt
+  from (select bits::bigint::xfloat8::float8 as flt
+          from testdata
+	offset 0) s;
+       ibits        |           flt           
+--------------------+-------------------------
+ \x0000000000000001 |                  5e-324
+ \x0000000000000002 |                  1e-323
+ \x0000000000000003 |                1.5e-323
+ \x0000000000001000 |             2.0237e-320
+ \x0000000100000000 |        2.121995791e-314
+ \x0000010000000000 |      5.43230922487e-312
+ \x0000010100000000 |      5.45352918278e-312
+ \x0000400000000000 |    3.4766779039175e-310
+ \x0000400100000000 |    3.4768901034966e-310
+ \x0000800000000000 |     6.953355807835e-310
+ \x0000800000000001 |   6.95335580783505e-310
+ \x00000000000f4240 |           4.940656e-318
+ \x00000000016e3600 |         1.18575755e-316
+ \x0000008cdcdea440 |     2.989102097996e-312
+ \x000ffffffffffff0 | 2.2250738585071935e-308
+ \x000ffffffffffff1 |  2.225073858507194e-308
+ \x000ffffffffffffe | 2.2250738585072004e-308
+ \x000fffffffffffff |  2.225073858507201e-308
+(18 rows)
+
+-- round-trip tests
+with testdata(bits) as (values
+  (x'0000000000000000'),
+  -- smallest normal values
+  (x'0010000000000000'), (x'0010000000000001'),
+  (x'0010000000000002'), (x'0018000000000000'),
+  --
+  (x'3ddb7cdfd9d7bdba'), (x'3ddb7cdfd9d7bdbb'), (x'3ddb7cdfd9d7bdbc'),
+  (x'3e112e0be826d694'), (x'3e112e0be826d695'), (x'3e112e0be826d696'),
+  (x'3e45798ee2308c39'), (x'3e45798ee2308c3a'), (x'3e45798ee2308c3b'),
+  (x'3e7ad7f29abcaf47'), (x'3e7ad7f29abcaf48'), (x'3e7ad7f29abcaf49'),
+  (x'3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8c'), (x'3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8d'), (x'3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8e'),
+  (x'3ee4f8b588e368ef'), (x'3ee4f8b588e368f0'), (x'3ee4f8b588e368f1'),
+  (x'3f1a36e2eb1c432c'), (x'3f1a36e2eb1c432d'), (x'3f1a36e2eb1c432e'),
+  (x'3f50624dd2f1a9fb'), (x'3f50624dd2f1a9fc'), (x'3f50624dd2f1a9fd'),
+  (x'3f847ae147ae147a'), (x'3f847ae147ae147b'), (x'3f847ae147ae147c'),
+  (x'3fb9999999999999'), (x'3fb999999999999a'), (x'3fb999999999999b'),
+  -- values very close to 1
+  (x'3feffffffffffff0'), (x'3feffffffffffff1'), (x'3feffffffffffff2'),
+  (x'3feffffffffffff3'), (x'3feffffffffffff4'), (x'3feffffffffffff5'),
+  (x'3feffffffffffff6'), (x'3feffffffffffff7'), (x'3feffffffffffff8'),
+  (x'3feffffffffffff9'), (x'3feffffffffffffa'), (x'3feffffffffffffb'),
+  (x'3feffffffffffffc'), (x'3feffffffffffffd'), (x'3feffffffffffffe'),
+  (x'3fefffffffffffff'),
+  (x'3ff0000000000000'),
+  (x'3ff0000000000001'), (x'3ff0000000000002'), (x'3ff0000000000003'),
+  (x'3ff0000000000004'), (x'3ff0000000000005'), (x'3ff0000000000006'),
+  (x'3ff0000000000007'), (x'3ff0000000000008'), (x'3ff0000000000009'),
+  --
+  (x'3ff921fb54442d18'),
+  (x'4005bf0a8b14576a'),
+  (x'400921fb54442d18'),
+  --
+  (x'4023ffffffffffff'), (x'4024000000000000'), (x'4024000000000001'),
+  (x'4058ffffffffffff'), (x'4059000000000000'), (x'4059000000000001'),
+  (x'408f3fffffffffff'), (x'408f400000000000'), (x'408f400000000001'),
+  (x'40c387ffffffffff'), (x'40c3880000000000'), (x'40c3880000000001'),
+  (x'40f869ffffffffff'), (x'40f86a0000000000'), (x'40f86a0000000001'),
+  (x'412e847fffffffff'), (x'412e848000000000'), (x'412e848000000001'),
+  (x'416312cfffffffff'), (x'416312d000000000'), (x'416312d000000001'),
+  (x'4197d783ffffffff'), (x'4197d78400000000'), (x'4197d78400000001'),
+  (x'41cdcd64ffffffff'), (x'41cdcd6500000000'), (x'41cdcd6500000001'),
+  (x'4202a05f1fffffff'), (x'4202a05f20000000'), (x'4202a05f20000001'),
+  (x'42374876e7ffffff'), (x'42374876e8000000'), (x'42374876e8000001'),
+  (x'426d1a94a1ffffff'), (x'426d1a94a2000000'), (x'426d1a94a2000001'),
+  (x'42a2309ce53fffff'), (x'42a2309ce5400000'), (x'42a2309ce5400001'),
+  (x'42d6bcc41e8fffff'), (x'42d6bcc41e900000'), (x'42d6bcc41e900001'),
+  (x'430c6bf52633ffff'), (x'430c6bf526340000'), (x'430c6bf526340001'),
+  (x'4341c37937e07fff'), (x'4341c37937e08000'), (x'4341c37937e08001'),
+  (x'4376345785d89fff'), (x'4376345785d8a000'), (x'4376345785d8a001'),
+  (x'43abc16d674ec7ff'), (x'43abc16d674ec800'), (x'43abc16d674ec801'),
+  (x'43e158e460913cff'), (x'43e158e460913d00'), (x'43e158e460913d01'),
+  (x'4415af1d78b58c3f'), (x'4415af1d78b58c40'), (x'4415af1d78b58c41'),
+  (x'444b1ae4d6e2ef4f'), (x'444b1ae4d6e2ef50'), (x'444b1ae4d6e2ef51'),
+  (x'4480f0cf064dd591'), (x'4480f0cf064dd592'), (x'4480f0cf064dd593'),
+  (x'44b52d02c7e14af5'), (x'44b52d02c7e14af6'), (x'44b52d02c7e14af7'),
+  (x'44ea784379d99db3'), (x'44ea784379d99db4'), (x'44ea784379d99db5'),
+  (x'45208b2a2c280290'), (x'45208b2a2c280291'), (x'45208b2a2c280292'),
+  --
+  (x'7feffffffffffffe'), (x'7fefffffffffffff'),
+  -- round to even tests (+ve)
+  (x'4350000000000002'),
+  (x'4350000000002e06'),
+  (x'4352000000000003'),
+  (x'4352000000000004'),
+  (x'4358000000000003'),
+  (x'4358000000000004'),
+  (x'435f000000000020'),
+  -- round to even tests (-ve)
+  (x'c350000000000002'),
+  (x'c350000000002e06'),
+  (x'c352000000000003'),
+  (x'c352000000000004'),
+  (x'c358000000000003'),
+  (x'c358000000000004'),
+  (x'c35f000000000020'),
+  -- exercise fixed-point memmoves
+  (x'42dc12218377de66'),
+  (x'42a674e79c5fe51f'),
+  (x'4271f71fb04cb74c'),
+  (x'423cbe991a145879'),
+  (x'4206fee0e1a9e061'),
+  (x'41d26580b487e6b4'),
+  (x'419d6f34540ca453'),
+  (x'41678c29dcd6e9dc'),
+  (x'4132d687e3df217d'),
+  (x'40fe240c9fcb68c8'),
+  (x'40c81cd6e63c53d3'),
+  (x'40934a4584fd0fdc'),
+  (x'405edd3c07fb4c93'),
+  (x'4028b0fcd32f7076'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c59f8'),
+  -- these cases come from the upstream's testsuite
+  -- LotsOfTrailingZeros)
+  (x'3e60000000000000'),
+  -- Regression
+  (x'c352bd2668e077c4'),
+  (x'434018601510c000'),
+  (x'43d055dc36f24000'),
+  (x'43e052961c6f8000'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca2a5b1d5d'),
+  -- LooksLikePow5
+  (x'4830f0cf064dd592'),
+  (x'4840f0cf064dd592'),
+  (x'4850f0cf064dd592'),
+  -- OutputLength
+  (x'3ff3333333333333'),
+  (x'3ff3ae147ae147ae'),
+  (x'3ff3be76c8b43958'),
+  (x'3ff3c083126e978d'),
+  (x'3ff3c0c1fc8f3238'),
+  (x'3ff3c0c9539b8887'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca2a5b1d5d'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca4283de1b'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca43db770a'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428abd53'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c1d2b'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c51f2'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c58fc'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c59dd'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c59f8'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c59fb'),
+  -- 32-bit chunking
+  (x'40112e0be8047a7d'),
+  (x'40112e0be815a889'),
+  (x'40112e0be826d695'),
+  (x'40112e0be83804a1'),
+  (x'40112e0be84932ad'),
+  -- MinMaxShift
+  (x'0040000000000000'),
+  (x'007fffffffffffff'),
+  (x'0290000000000000'),
+  (x'029fffffffffffff'),
+  (x'4350000000000000'),
+  (x'435fffffffffffff'),
+  (x'1330000000000000'),
+  (x'133fffffffffffff'),
+  (x'3a6fa7161a4d6e0c')
+)
+select float8send(flt) as ibits,
+       flt,
+       flt::text::float8 as r_flt,
+       float8send(flt::text::float8) as obits,
+       float8send(flt::text::float8) = float8send(flt) as correct
+  from (select bits::bigint::xfloat8::float8 as flt
+          from testdata
+	offset 0) s;
+       ibits        |           flt           |          r_flt          |       obits        | correct 
+--------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+---------
+ \x0000000000000000 |                       0 |                       0 | \x0000000000000000 | t
+ \x0010000000000000 | 2.2250738585072014e-308 | 2.2250738585072014e-308 | \x0010000000000000 | t
+ \x0010000000000001 |  2.225073858507202e-308 |  2.225073858507202e-308 | \x0010000000000001 | t
+ \x0010000000000002 | 2.2250738585072024e-308 | 2.2250738585072024e-308 | \x0010000000000002 | t
+ \x0018000000000000 |  3.337610787760802e-308 |  3.337610787760802e-308 | \x0018000000000000 | t
+ \x3ddb7cdfd9d7bdba |   9.999999999999999e-11 |   9.999999999999999e-11 | \x3ddb7cdfd9d7bdba | t
+ \x3ddb7cdfd9d7bdbb |                   1e-10 |                   1e-10 | \x3ddb7cdfd9d7bdbb | t
+ \x3ddb7cdfd9d7bdbc |  1.0000000000000002e-10 |  1.0000000000000002e-10 | \x3ddb7cdfd9d7bdbc | t
+ \x3e112e0be826d694 |   9.999999999999999e-10 |   9.999999999999999e-10 | \x3e112e0be826d694 | t
+ \x3e112e0be826d695 |                   1e-09 |                   1e-09 | \x3e112e0be826d695 | t
+ \x3e112e0be826d696 |  1.0000000000000003e-09 |  1.0000000000000003e-09 | \x3e112e0be826d696 | t
+ \x3e45798ee2308c39 |   9.999999999999999e-09 |   9.999999999999999e-09 | \x3e45798ee2308c39 | t
+ \x3e45798ee2308c3a |                   1e-08 |                   1e-08 | \x3e45798ee2308c3a | t
+ \x3e45798ee2308c3b |  1.0000000000000002e-08 |  1.0000000000000002e-08 | \x3e45798ee2308c3b | t
+ \x3e7ad7f29abcaf47 |   9.999999999999998e-08 |   9.999999999999998e-08 | \x3e7ad7f29abcaf47 | t
+ \x3e7ad7f29abcaf48 |                   1e-07 |                   1e-07 | \x3e7ad7f29abcaf48 | t
+ \x3e7ad7f29abcaf49 |  1.0000000000000001e-07 |  1.0000000000000001e-07 | \x3e7ad7f29abcaf49 | t
+ \x3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8c |   9.999999999999997e-07 |   9.999999999999997e-07 | \x3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8c | t
+ \x3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8d |                   1e-06 |                   1e-06 | \x3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8d | t
+ \x3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8e |  1.0000000000000002e-06 |  1.0000000000000002e-06 | \x3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8e | t
+ \x3ee4f8b588e368ef |   9.999999999999997e-06 |   9.999999999999997e-06 | \x3ee4f8b588e368ef | t
+ \x3ee4f8b588e368f0 |   9.999999999999999e-06 |   9.999999999999999e-06 | \x3ee4f8b588e368f0 | t
+ \x3ee4f8b588e368f1 |                   1e-05 |                   1e-05 | \x3ee4f8b588e368f1 | t
+ \x3f1a36e2eb1c432c |   9.999999999999999e-05 |   9.999999999999999e-05 | \x3f1a36e2eb1c432c | t
+ \x3f1a36e2eb1c432d |                  0.0001 |                  0.0001 | \x3f1a36e2eb1c432d | t
+ \x3f1a36e2eb1c432e |  0.00010000000000000002 |  0.00010000000000000002 | \x3f1a36e2eb1c432e | t
+ \x3f50624dd2f1a9fb |   0.0009999999999999998 |   0.0009999999999999998 | \x3f50624dd2f1a9fb | t
+ \x3f50624dd2f1a9fc |                   0.001 |                   0.001 | \x3f50624dd2f1a9fc | t
+ \x3f50624dd2f1a9fd |   0.0010000000000000002 |   0.0010000000000000002 | \x3f50624dd2f1a9fd | t
+ \x3f847ae147ae147a |    0.009999999999999998 |    0.009999999999999998 | \x3f847ae147ae147a | t
+ \x3f847ae147ae147b |                    0.01 |                    0.01 | \x3f847ae147ae147b | t
+ \x3f847ae147ae147c |    0.010000000000000002 |    0.010000000000000002 | \x3f847ae147ae147c | t
+ \x3fb9999999999999 |     0.09999999999999999 |     0.09999999999999999 | \x3fb9999999999999 | t
+ \x3fb999999999999a |                     0.1 |                     0.1 | \x3fb999999999999a | t
+ \x3fb999999999999b |     0.10000000000000002 |     0.10000000000000002 | \x3fb999999999999b | t
+ \x3feffffffffffff0 |      0.9999999999999982 |      0.9999999999999982 | \x3feffffffffffff0 | t
+ \x3feffffffffffff1 |      0.9999999999999983 |      0.9999999999999983 | \x3feffffffffffff1 | t
+ \x3feffffffffffff2 |      0.9999999999999984 |      0.9999999999999984 | \x3feffffffffffff2 | t
+ \x3feffffffffffff3 |      0.9999999999999986 |      0.9999999999999986 | \x3feffffffffffff3 | t
+ \x3feffffffffffff4 |      0.9999999999999987 |      0.9999999999999987 | \x3feffffffffffff4 | t
+ \x3feffffffffffff5 |      0.9999999999999988 |      0.9999999999999988 | \x3feffffffffffff5 | t
+ \x3feffffffffffff6 |      0.9999999999999989 |      0.9999999999999989 | \x3feffffffffffff6 | t
+ \x3feffffffffffff7 |       0.999999999999999 |       0.999999999999999 | \x3feffffffffffff7 | t
+ \x3feffffffffffff8 |      0.9999999999999991 |      0.9999999999999991 | \x3feffffffffffff8 | t
+ \x3feffffffffffff9 |      0.9999999999999992 |      0.9999999999999992 | \x3feffffffffffff9 | t
+ \x3feffffffffffffa |      0.9999999999999993 |      0.9999999999999993 | \x3feffffffffffffa | t
+ \x3feffffffffffffb |      0.9999999999999994 |      0.9999999999999994 | \x3feffffffffffffb | t
+ \x3feffffffffffffc |      0.9999999999999996 |      0.9999999999999996 | \x3feffffffffffffc | t
+ \x3feffffffffffffd |      0.9999999999999997 |      0.9999999999999997 | \x3feffffffffffffd | t
+ \x3feffffffffffffe |      0.9999999999999998 |      0.9999999999999998 | \x3feffffffffffffe | t
+ \x3fefffffffffffff |      0.9999999999999999 |      0.9999999999999999 | \x3fefffffffffffff | t
+ \x3ff0000000000000 |                       1 |                       1 | \x3ff0000000000000 | t
+ \x3ff0000000000001 |      1.0000000000000002 |      1.0000000000000002 | \x3ff0000000000001 | t
+ \x3ff0000000000002 |      1.0000000000000004 |      1.0000000000000004 | \x3ff0000000000002 | t
+ \x3ff0000000000003 |      1.0000000000000007 |      1.0000000000000007 | \x3ff0000000000003 | t
+ \x3ff0000000000004 |      1.0000000000000009 |      1.0000000000000009 | \x3ff0000000000004 | t
+ \x3ff0000000000005 |       1.000000000000001 |       1.000000000000001 | \x3ff0000000000005 | t
+ \x3ff0000000000006 |      1.0000000000000013 |      1.0000000000000013 | \x3ff0000000000006 | t
+ \x3ff0000000000007 |      1.0000000000000016 |      1.0000000000000016 | \x3ff0000000000007 | t
+ \x3ff0000000000008 |      1.0000000000000018 |      1.0000000000000018 | \x3ff0000000000008 | t
+ \x3ff0000000000009 |       1.000000000000002 |       1.000000000000002 | \x3ff0000000000009 | t
+ \x3ff921fb54442d18 |      1.5707963267948966 |      1.5707963267948966 | \x3ff921fb54442d18 | t
+ \x4005bf0a8b14576a |      2.7182818284590455 |      2.7182818284590455 | \x4005bf0a8b14576a | t
+ \x400921fb54442d18 |       3.141592653589793 |       3.141592653589793 | \x400921fb54442d18 | t
+ \x4023ffffffffffff |       9.999999999999998 |       9.999999999999998 | \x4023ffffffffffff | t
+ \x4024000000000000 |                      10 |                      10 | \x4024000000000000 | t
+ \x4024000000000001 |      10.000000000000002 |      10.000000000000002 | \x4024000000000001 | t
+ \x4058ffffffffffff |       99.99999999999999 |       99.99999999999999 | \x4058ffffffffffff | t
+ \x4059000000000000 |                     100 |                     100 | \x4059000000000000 | t
+ \x4059000000000001 |      100.00000000000001 |      100.00000000000001 | \x4059000000000001 | t
+ \x408f3fffffffffff |       999.9999999999999 |       999.9999999999999 | \x408f3fffffffffff | t
+ \x408f400000000000 |                    1000 |                    1000 | \x408f400000000000 | t
+ \x408f400000000001 |      1000.0000000000001 |      1000.0000000000001 | \x408f400000000001 | t
+ \x40c387ffffffffff |       9999.999999999998 |       9999.999999999998 | \x40c387ffffffffff | t
+ \x40c3880000000000 |                   10000 |                   10000 | \x40c3880000000000 | t
+ \x40c3880000000001 |      10000.000000000002 |      10000.000000000002 | \x40c3880000000001 | t
+ \x40f869ffffffffff |       99999.99999999999 |       99999.99999999999 | \x40f869ffffffffff | t
+ \x40f86a0000000000 |                  100000 |                  100000 | \x40f86a0000000000 | t
+ \x40f86a0000000001 |      100000.00000000001 |      100000.00000000001 | \x40f86a0000000001 | t
+ \x412e847fffffffff |       999999.9999999999 |       999999.9999999999 | \x412e847fffffffff | t
+ \x412e848000000000 |                 1000000 |                 1000000 | \x412e848000000000 | t
+ \x412e848000000001 |      1000000.0000000001 |      1000000.0000000001 | \x412e848000000001 | t
+ \x416312cfffffffff |       9999999.999999998 |       9999999.999999998 | \x416312cfffffffff | t
+ \x416312d000000000 |                10000000 |                10000000 | \x416312d000000000 | t
+ \x416312d000000001 |      10000000.000000002 |      10000000.000000002 | \x416312d000000001 | t
+ \x4197d783ffffffff |       99999999.99999999 |       99999999.99999999 | \x4197d783ffffffff | t
+ \x4197d78400000000 |               100000000 |               100000000 | \x4197d78400000000 | t
+ \x4197d78400000001 |      100000000.00000001 |      100000000.00000001 | \x4197d78400000001 | t
+ \x41cdcd64ffffffff |       999999999.9999999 |       999999999.9999999 | \x41cdcd64ffffffff | t
+ \x41cdcd6500000000 |              1000000000 |              1000000000 | \x41cdcd6500000000 | t
+ \x41cdcd6500000001 |      1000000000.0000001 |      1000000000.0000001 | \x41cdcd6500000001 | t
+ \x4202a05f1fffffff |       9999999999.999998 |       9999999999.999998 | \x4202a05f1fffffff | t
+ \x4202a05f20000000 |             10000000000 |             10000000000 | \x4202a05f20000000 | t
+ \x4202a05f20000001 |      10000000000.000002 |      10000000000.000002 | \x4202a05f20000001 | t
+ \x42374876e7ffffff |       99999999999.99998 |       99999999999.99998 | \x42374876e7ffffff | t
+ \x42374876e8000000 |            100000000000 |            100000000000 | \x42374876e8000000 | t
+ \x42374876e8000001 |      100000000000.00002 |      100000000000.00002 | \x42374876e8000001 | t
+ \x426d1a94a1ffffff |       999999999999.9999 |       999999999999.9999 | \x426d1a94a1ffffff | t
+ \x426d1a94a2000000 |           1000000000000 |           1000000000000 | \x426d1a94a2000000 | t
+ \x426d1a94a2000001 |      1000000000000.0001 |      1000000000000.0001 | \x426d1a94a2000001 | t
+ \x42a2309ce53fffff |       9999999999999.998 |       9999999999999.998 | \x42a2309ce53fffff | t
+ \x42a2309ce5400000 |          10000000000000 |          10000000000000 | \x42a2309ce5400000 | t
+ \x42a2309ce5400001 |      10000000000000.002 |      10000000000000.002 | \x42a2309ce5400001 | t
+ \x42d6bcc41e8fffff |       99999999999999.98 |       99999999999999.98 | \x42d6bcc41e8fffff | t
+ \x42d6bcc41e900000 |         100000000000000 |         100000000000000 | \x42d6bcc41e900000 | t
+ \x42d6bcc41e900001 |      100000000000000.02 |      100000000000000.02 | \x42d6bcc41e900001 | t
+ \x430c6bf52633ffff |       999999999999999.9 |       999999999999999.9 | \x430c6bf52633ffff | t
+ \x430c6bf526340000 |                   1e+15 |                   1e+15 | \x430c6bf526340000 | t
+ \x430c6bf526340001 |  1.0000000000000001e+15 |  1.0000000000000001e+15 | \x430c6bf526340001 | t
+ \x4341c37937e07fff |   9.999999999999998e+15 |   9.999999999999998e+15 | \x4341c37937e07fff | t
+ \x4341c37937e08000 |                   1e+16 |                   1e+16 | \x4341c37937e08000 | t
+ \x4341c37937e08001 |  1.0000000000000002e+16 |  1.0000000000000002e+16 | \x4341c37937e08001 | t
+ \x4376345785d89fff |   9.999999999999998e+16 |   9.999999999999998e+16 | \x4376345785d89fff | t
+ \x4376345785d8a000 |                   1e+17 |                   1e+17 | \x4376345785d8a000 | t
+ \x4376345785d8a001 |  1.0000000000000002e+17 |  1.0000000000000002e+17 | \x4376345785d8a001 | t
+ \x43abc16d674ec7ff |   9.999999999999999e+17 |   9.999999999999999e+17 | \x43abc16d674ec7ff | t
+ \x43abc16d674ec800 |                   1e+18 |                   1e+18 | \x43abc16d674ec800 | t
+ \x43abc16d674ec801 |  1.0000000000000001e+18 |  1.0000000000000001e+18 | \x43abc16d674ec801 | t
+ \x43e158e460913cff |   9.999999999999998e+18 |   9.999999999999998e+18 | \x43e158e460913cff | t
+ \x43e158e460913d00 |                   1e+19 |                   1e+19 | \x43e158e460913d00 | t
+ \x43e158e460913d01 |  1.0000000000000002e+19 |  1.0000000000000002e+19 | \x43e158e460913d01 | t
+ \x4415af1d78b58c3f |   9.999999999999998e+19 |   9.999999999999998e+19 | \x4415af1d78b58c3f | t
+ \x4415af1d78b58c40 |                   1e+20 |                   1e+20 | \x4415af1d78b58c40 | t
+ \x4415af1d78b58c41 |  1.0000000000000002e+20 |  1.0000000000000002e+20 | \x4415af1d78b58c41 | t
+ \x444b1ae4d6e2ef4f |   9.999999999999999e+20 |   9.999999999999999e+20 | \x444b1ae4d6e2ef4f | t
+ \x444b1ae4d6e2ef50 |                   1e+21 |                   1e+21 | \x444b1ae4d6e2ef50 | t
+ \x444b1ae4d6e2ef51 |  1.0000000000000001e+21 |  1.0000000000000001e+21 | \x444b1ae4d6e2ef51 | t
+ \x4480f0cf064dd591 |   9.999999999999998e+21 |   9.999999999999998e+21 | \x4480f0cf064dd591 | t
+ \x4480f0cf064dd592 |                   1e+22 |                   1e+22 | \x4480f0cf064dd592 | t
+ \x4480f0cf064dd593 |  1.0000000000000002e+22 |  1.0000000000000002e+22 | \x4480f0cf064dd593 | t
+ \x44b52d02c7e14af5 |   9.999999999999997e+22 |   9.999999999999997e+22 | \x44b52d02c7e14af5 | t
+ \x44b52d02c7e14af6 |   9.999999999999999e+22 |   9.999999999999999e+22 | \x44b52d02c7e14af6 | t
+ \x44b52d02c7e14af7 |  1.0000000000000001e+23 |  1.0000000000000001e+23 | \x44b52d02c7e14af7 | t
+ \x44ea784379d99db3 |   9.999999999999998e+23 |   9.999999999999998e+23 | \x44ea784379d99db3 | t
+ \x44ea784379d99db4 |                   1e+24 |                   1e+24 | \x44ea784379d99db4 | t
+ \x44ea784379d99db5 |  1.0000000000000001e+24 |  1.0000000000000001e+24 | \x44ea784379d99db5 | t
+ \x45208b2a2c280290 |   9.999999999999999e+24 |   9.999999999999999e+24 | \x45208b2a2c280290 | t
+ \x45208b2a2c280291 |                   1e+25 |                   1e+25 | \x45208b2a2c280291 | t
+ \x45208b2a2c280292 |  1.0000000000000003e+25 |  1.0000000000000003e+25 | \x45208b2a2c280292 | t
+ \x7feffffffffffffe | 1.7976931348623155e+308 | 1.7976931348623155e+308 | \x7feffffffffffffe | t
+ \x7fefffffffffffff | 1.7976931348623157e+308 | 1.7976931348623157e+308 | \x7fefffffffffffff | t
+ \x4350000000000002 |  1.8014398509481992e+16 |  1.8014398509481992e+16 | \x4350000000000002 | t
+ \x4350000000002e06 |  1.8014398509529112e+16 |  1.8014398509529112e+16 | \x4350000000002e06 | t
+ \x4352000000000003 |  2.0266198323167244e+16 |  2.0266198323167244e+16 | \x4352000000000003 | t
+ \x4352000000000004 |  2.0266198323167248e+16 |  2.0266198323167248e+16 | \x4352000000000004 | t
+ \x4358000000000003 |  2.7021597764222988e+16 |  2.7021597764222988e+16 | \x4358000000000003 | t
+ \x4358000000000004 |  2.7021597764222992e+16 |  2.7021597764222992e+16 | \x4358000000000004 | t
+ \x435f000000000020 |  3.4902897112121472e+16 |  3.4902897112121472e+16 | \x435f000000000020 | t
+ \xc350000000000002 | -1.8014398509481992e+16 | -1.8014398509481992e+16 | \xc350000000000002 | t
+ \xc350000000002e06 | -1.8014398509529112e+16 | -1.8014398509529112e+16 | \xc350000000002e06 | t
+ \xc352000000000003 | -2.0266198323167244e+16 | -2.0266198323167244e+16 | \xc352000000000003 | t
+ \xc352000000000004 | -2.0266198323167248e+16 | -2.0266198323167248e+16 | \xc352000000000004 | t
+ \xc358000000000003 | -2.7021597764222988e+16 | -2.7021597764222988e+16 | \xc358000000000003 | t
+ \xc358000000000004 | -2.7021597764222992e+16 | -2.7021597764222992e+16 | \xc358000000000004 | t
+ \xc35f000000000020 | -3.4902897112121472e+16 | -3.4902897112121472e+16 | \xc35f000000000020 | t
+ \x42dc12218377de66 |       123456789012345.6 |       123456789012345.6 | \x42dc12218377de66 | t
+ \x42a674e79c5fe51f |       12345678901234.56 |       12345678901234.56 | \x42a674e79c5fe51f | t
+ \x4271f71fb04cb74c |       1234567890123.456 |       1234567890123.456 | \x4271f71fb04cb74c | t
+ \x423cbe991a145879 |       123456789012.3456 |       123456789012.3456 | \x423cbe991a145879 | t
+ \x4206fee0e1a9e061 |       12345678901.23456 |       12345678901.23456 | \x4206fee0e1a9e061 | t
+ \x41d26580b487e6b4 |       1234567890.123456 |       1234567890.123456 | \x41d26580b487e6b4 | t
+ \x419d6f34540ca453 |       123456789.0123456 |       123456789.0123456 | \x419d6f34540ca453 | t
+ \x41678c29dcd6e9dc |       12345678.90123456 |       12345678.90123456 | \x41678c29dcd6e9dc | t
+ \x4132d687e3df217d |       1234567.890123456 |       1234567.890123456 | \x4132d687e3df217d | t
+ \x40fe240c9fcb68c8 |       123456.7890123456 |       123456.7890123456 | \x40fe240c9fcb68c8 | t
+ \x40c81cd6e63c53d3 |       12345.67890123456 |       12345.67890123456 | \x40c81cd6e63c53d3 | t
+ \x40934a4584fd0fdc |       1234.567890123456 |       1234.567890123456 | \x40934a4584fd0fdc | t
+ \x405edd3c07fb4c93 |       123.4567890123456 |       123.4567890123456 | \x405edd3c07fb4c93 | t
+ \x4028b0fcd32f7076 |       12.34567890123456 |       12.34567890123456 | \x4028b0fcd32f7076 | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca428c59f8 |       1.234567890123456 |       1.234567890123456 | \x3ff3c0ca428c59f8 | t
+ \x3e60000000000000 |  2.9802322387695312e-08 |  2.9802322387695312e-08 | \x3e60000000000000 | t
+ \xc352bd2668e077c4 | -2.1098088986959632e+16 | -2.1098088986959632e+16 | \xc352bd2668e077c4 | t
+ \x434018601510c000 |     9.0608011534336e+15 |     9.0608011534336e+15 | \x434018601510c000 | t
+ \x43d055dc36f24000 |   4.708356024711512e+18 |   4.708356024711512e+18 | \x43d055dc36f24000 | t
+ \x43e052961c6f8000 |   9.409340012568248e+18 |   9.409340012568248e+18 | \x43e052961c6f8000 | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca2a5b1d5d |               1.2345678 |               1.2345678 | \x3ff3c0ca2a5b1d5d | t
+ \x4830f0cf064dd592 |   5.764607523034235e+39 |   5.764607523034235e+39 | \x4830f0cf064dd592 | t
+ \x4840f0cf064dd592 |   1.152921504606847e+40 |   1.152921504606847e+40 | \x4840f0cf064dd592 | t
+ \x4850f0cf064dd592 |   2.305843009213694e+40 |   2.305843009213694e+40 | \x4850f0cf064dd592 | t
+ \x3ff3333333333333 |                     1.2 |                     1.2 | \x3ff3333333333333 | t
+ \x3ff3ae147ae147ae |                    1.23 |                    1.23 | \x3ff3ae147ae147ae | t
+ \x3ff3be76c8b43958 |                   1.234 |                   1.234 | \x3ff3be76c8b43958 | t
+ \x3ff3c083126e978d |                  1.2345 |                  1.2345 | \x3ff3c083126e978d | t
+ \x3ff3c0c1fc8f3238 |                 1.23456 |                 1.23456 | \x3ff3c0c1fc8f3238 | t
+ \x3ff3c0c9539b8887 |                1.234567 |                1.234567 | \x3ff3c0c9539b8887 | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca2a5b1d5d |               1.2345678 |               1.2345678 | \x3ff3c0ca2a5b1d5d | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca4283de1b |              1.23456789 |              1.23456789 | \x3ff3c0ca4283de1b | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca43db770a |             1.234567895 |             1.234567895 | \x3ff3c0ca43db770a | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca428abd53 |            1.2345678901 |            1.2345678901 | \x3ff3c0ca428abd53 | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca428c1d2b |           1.23456789012 |           1.23456789012 | \x3ff3c0ca428c1d2b | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca428c51f2 |          1.234567890123 |          1.234567890123 | \x3ff3c0ca428c51f2 | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca428c58fc |         1.2345678901234 |         1.2345678901234 | \x3ff3c0ca428c58fc | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca428c59dd |        1.23456789012345 |        1.23456789012345 | \x3ff3c0ca428c59dd | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca428c59f8 |       1.234567890123456 |       1.234567890123456 | \x3ff3c0ca428c59f8 | t
+ \x3ff3c0ca428c59fb |      1.2345678901234567 |      1.2345678901234567 | \x3ff3c0ca428c59fb | t
+ \x40112e0be8047a7d |             4.294967294 |             4.294967294 | \x40112e0be8047a7d | t
+ \x40112e0be815a889 |             4.294967295 |             4.294967295 | \x40112e0be815a889 | t
+ \x40112e0be826d695 |             4.294967296 |             4.294967296 | \x40112e0be826d695 | t
+ \x40112e0be83804a1 |             4.294967297 |             4.294967297 | \x40112e0be83804a1 | t
+ \x40112e0be84932ad |             4.294967298 |             4.294967298 | \x40112e0be84932ad | t
+ \x0040000000000000 | 1.7800590868057611e-307 | 1.7800590868057611e-307 | \x0040000000000000 | t
+ \x007fffffffffffff | 2.8480945388892175e-306 | 2.8480945388892175e-306 | \x007fffffffffffff | t
+ \x0290000000000000 |  2.446494580089078e-296 |  2.446494580089078e-296 | \x0290000000000000 | t
+ \x029fffffffffffff | 4.8929891601781557e-296 | 4.8929891601781557e-296 | \x029fffffffffffff | t
+ \x4350000000000000 |  1.8014398509481984e+16 |  1.8014398509481984e+16 | \x4350000000000000 | t
+ \x435fffffffffffff |  3.6028797018963964e+16 |  3.6028797018963964e+16 | \x435fffffffffffff | t
+ \x1330000000000000 |  2.900835519859558e-216 |  2.900835519859558e-216 | \x1330000000000000 | t
+ \x133fffffffffffff |  5.801671039719115e-216 |  5.801671039719115e-216 | \x133fffffffffffff | t
+ \x3a6fa7161a4d6e0c |   3.196104012172126e-27 |   3.196104012172126e-27 | \x3a6fa7161a4d6e0c | t
+(209 rows)
+
+-- clean up, lest opr_sanity complain
+drop type xfloat8 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 6 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to function xfloat8in(cstring)
+drop cascades to function xfloat8out(xfloat8)
+drop cascades to cast from xfloat8 to double precision
+drop cascades to cast from double precision to xfloat8
+drop cascades to cast from xfloat8 to bigint
+drop cascades to cast from bigint to xfloat8
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/foreign_data.out b/src/test/regress/expected/foreign_data.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3350535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/foreign_data.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2107 @@
+--
+-- Test foreign-data wrapper and server management.
+--
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+CREATE FUNCTION test_fdw_handler()
+    RETURNS fdw_handler
+    AS :'regresslib', 'test_fdw_handler'
+    LANGUAGE C;
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+-- Suppress NOTICE messages when roles don't exist
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_foreign_data_user, regress_test_role, regress_test_role2, regress_test_role_super, regress_test_indirect, regress_unprivileged_role;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE ROLE regress_foreign_data_user LOGIN SUPERUSER;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION 'regress_foreign_data_user';
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role2;
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role_super SUPERUSER;
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_indirect;
+CREATE ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy;
+COMMENT ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy IS 'useless';
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql VALIDATOR postgresql_fdw_validator;
+-- At this point we should have 2 built-in wrappers and no servers.
+SELECT fdwname, fdwhandler::regproc, fdwvalidator::regproc, fdwoptions FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+  fdwname   | fdwhandler |       fdwvalidator       | fdwoptions 
+------------+------------+--------------------------+------------
+ dummy      | -          | -                        | 
+ postgresql | -          | postgresql_fdw_validator | 
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT srvname, srvoptions FROM pg_foreign_server;
+ srvname | srvoptions 
+---------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_user_mapping;
+ oid | umuser | umserver | umoptions 
+-----+--------+----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo VALIDATOR bar;            -- ERROR
+ERROR:  function bar(text[], oid) does not exist
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+\dew
+                        List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -
+ foo        | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator
+(3 rows)
+
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo; -- duplicate
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "foo" already exists
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (testing '1');
+\dew+
+                                                 List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges |  FDW options  | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+---------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |               | useless
+ foo        | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   | (testing '1') | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |               | 
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (testing '1', testing '2');   -- ERROR
+ERROR:  option "testing" provided more than once
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (testing '1', another '2');
+\dew+
+                                                       List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges |        FDW options         | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+----------------------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |                            | useless
+ foo        | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   | (testing '1', another '2') | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |                            | 
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo; -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied to create foreign-data wrapper "foo"
+HINT:  Must be superuser to create a foreign-data wrapper.
+RESET ROLE;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo VALIDATOR postgresql_fdw_validator;
+\dew+
+                                                List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges | FDW options | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+-------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |             | useless
+ foo        | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |             | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |             | 
+(3 rows)
+
+-- HANDLER related checks
+CREATE FUNCTION invalid_fdw_handler() RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT 1;';
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER test_fdw HANDLER invalid_fdw_handler;  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  function invalid_fdw_handler must return type fdw_handler
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER test_fdw HANDLER test_fdw_handler HANDLER invalid_fdw_handler;  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: ...GN DATA WRAPPER test_fdw HANDLER test_fdw_handler HANDLER in...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER test_fdw HANDLER test_fdw_handler;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER test_fdw;
+-- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (nonexistent 'fdw');         -- ERROR
+ERROR:  invalid option "nonexistent"
+HINT:  There are no valid options in this context.
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+                                      ^
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo VALIDATOR bar;               -- ERROR
+ERROR:  function bar(text[], oid) does not exist
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo NO VALIDATOR;
+\dew+
+                                                List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges | FDW options | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+-------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |             | useless
+ foo        | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |             | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |             | 
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (a '1', b '2');
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (SET c '4');         -- ERROR
+ERROR:  option "c" not found
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (DROP c);            -- ERROR
+ERROR:  option "c" not found
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (ADD x '1', DROP x);
+\dew+
+                                                 List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges |  FDW options   | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+----------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |                | useless
+ foo        | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   | (a '1', b '2') | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |                | 
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (DROP a, SET b '3', ADD c '4');
+\dew+
+                                                 List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges |  FDW options   | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+----------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |                | useless
+ foo        | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   | (b '3', c '4') | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |                | 
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (a '2');
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (b '4');             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  option "b" provided more than once
+\dew+
+                                                     List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges |      FDW options      | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |                       | useless
+ foo        | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   | (b '3', c '4', a '2') | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |                       | 
+(3 rows)
+
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (ADD d '5');         -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied to alter foreign-data wrapper "foo"
+HINT:  Must be superuser to alter a foreign-data wrapper.
+SET ROLE regress_test_role_super;
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (ADD d '5');
+\dew+
+                                                        List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges |         FDW options          | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+------------------------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |                              | useless
+ foo        | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   | (b '3', c '4', a '2', d '5') | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |                              | 
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OWNER TO regress_test_role;  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied to change owner of foreign-data wrapper "foo"
+HINT:  The owner of a foreign-data wrapper must be a superuser.
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OWNER TO regress_test_role_super;
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_role_super NOSUPERUSER;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role_super;
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (ADD e '6');         -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied to alter foreign-data wrapper "foo"
+HINT:  Must be superuser to alter a foreign-data wrapper.
+RESET ROLE;
+\dew+
+                                                        List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges |         FDW options          | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+------------------------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |                              | useless
+ foo        | regress_test_role_super   | -       | -                        |                   | (b '3', c '4', a '2', d '5') | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |                              | 
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo RENAME TO foo1;
+\dew+
+                                                        List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges |         FDW options          | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+------------------------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |                              | useless
+ foo1       | regress_test_role_super   | -       | -                        |                   | (b '3', c '4', a '2', d '5') | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |                              | 
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo1 RENAME TO foo;
+-- HANDLER related checks
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo HANDLER invalid_fdw_handler;  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  function invalid_fdw_handler must return type fdw_handler
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo HANDLER test_fdw_handler HANDLER anything;  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: ...FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo HANDLER test_fdw_handler HANDLER an...
+                                                             ^
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo HANDLER test_fdw_handler;
+WARNING:  changing the foreign-data wrapper handler can change behavior of existing foreign tables
+DROP FUNCTION invalid_fdw_handler();
+-- DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER nonexistent;                      -- ERROR
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "nonexistent" does not exist
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER IF EXISTS nonexistent;
+NOTICE:  foreign-data wrapper "nonexistent" does not exist, skipping
+\dew+
+                                                             List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           |     Handler      |        Validator         | Access privileges |         FDW options          | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+------------------+--------------------------+-------------------+------------------------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -                | -                        |                   |                              | useless
+ foo        | regress_test_role_super   | test_fdw_handler | -                        |                   | (b '3', c '4', a '2', d '5') | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -                | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |                              | 
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role_super;                          -- ERROR
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_role_super" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  owner of foreign-data wrapper foo
+SET ROLE regress_test_role_super;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role_super;
+\dew+
+                                                List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges | FDW options | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+-------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |             | useless
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |             | 
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE SERVER s1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+COMMENT ON SERVER s1 IS 'foreign server';
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s1;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s1;				-- ERROR
+ERROR:  user mapping for "regress_foreign_data_user" already exists for server "s1"
+CREATE USER MAPPING IF NOT EXISTS FOR current_user SERVER s1; -- NOTICE
+NOTICE:  user mapping for "regress_foreign_data_user" already exists for server "s1", skipping
+\dew+
+                                                List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges | FDW options | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+-------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |             | useless
+ foo        | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |             | 
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |             | 
+(3 rows)
+
+\des+
+                                                   List of foreign servers
+ Name |           Owner           | Foreign-data wrapper | Access privileges | Type | Version | FDW options |  Description   
+------+---------------------------+----------------------+-------------------+------+---------+-------------+----------------
+ s1   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |      |         |             | foreign server
+(1 row)
+
+\deu+
+              List of user mappings
+ Server |         User name         | FDW options 
+--------+---------------------------+-------------
+ s1     | regress_foreign_data_user | 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                              -- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot drop foreign-data wrapper foo because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  server s1 depends on foreign-data wrapper foo
+user mapping for regress_foreign_data_user on server s1 depends on server s1
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo CASCADE;                      -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign-data wrapper foo
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to server s1
+drop cascades to user mapping for regress_foreign_data_user on server s1
+\dew+
+                                                List of foreign-data wrappers
+    Name    |           Owner           | Handler |        Validator         | Access privileges | FDW options | Description 
+------------+---------------------------+---------+--------------------------+-------------------+-------------+-------------
+ dummy      | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | -                        |                   |             | useless
+ postgresql | regress_foreign_data_user | -       | postgresql_fdw_validator |                   |             | 
+(2 rows)
+
+\des+
+                                       List of foreign servers
+ Name | Owner | Foreign-data wrapper | Access privileges | Type | Version | FDW options | Description 
+------+-------+----------------------+-------------------+------+---------+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\deu+
+      List of user mappings
+ Server | User name | FDW options 
+--------+-----------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- exercise CREATE SERVER
+CREATE SERVER s1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "foo" does not exist
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS ("test wrapper" 'true');
+CREATE SERVER s1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE SERVER s1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  server "s1" already exists
+CREATE SERVER IF NOT EXISTS s1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;	-- No ERROR, just NOTICE
+NOTICE:  server "s1" already exists, skipping
+CREATE SERVER s2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (host 'a', dbname 'b');
+CREATE SERVER s3 TYPE 'oracle' FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE SERVER s4 TYPE 'oracle' FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (host 'a', dbname 'b');
+CREATE SERVER s5 VERSION '15.0' FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE SERVER s6 VERSION '16.0' FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (host 'a', dbname 'b');
+CREATE SERVER s7 TYPE 'oracle' VERSION '17.0' FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (host 'a', dbname 'b');
+CREATE SERVER s8 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql OPTIONS (foo '1'); -- ERROR
+ERROR:  invalid option "foo"
+HINT:  Valid options in this context are: authtype, service, connect_timeout, dbname, host, hostaddr, port, tty, options, requiressl, sslmode, gsslib
+CREATE SERVER s8 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql OPTIONS (host 'localhost', dbname 's8db');
+\des+
+                                                             List of foreign servers
+ Name |           Owner           | Foreign-data wrapper | Access privileges |  Type  | Version |            FDW options            | Description 
+------+---------------------------+----------------------+-------------------+--------+---------+-----------------------------------+-------------
+ s1   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        |         |                                   | 
+ s2   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        |         | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s3   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   | oracle |         |                                   | 
+ s4   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   | oracle |         | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s5   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        | 15.0    |                                   | 
+ s6   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        | 16.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s7   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   | oracle | 17.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s8   | regress_foreign_data_user | postgresql           |                   |        |         | (host 'localhost', dbname 's8db') | 
+(8 rows)
+
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER t1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                 -- ERROR: no usage on FDW
+ERROR:  permission denied for foreign-data wrapper foo
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_role;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER t1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+RESET ROLE;
+\des+
+                                                             List of foreign servers
+ Name |           Owner           | Foreign-data wrapper | Access privileges |  Type  | Version |            FDW options            | Description 
+------+---------------------------+----------------------+-------------------+--------+---------+-----------------------------------+-------------
+ s1   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        |         |                                   | 
+ s2   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        |         | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s3   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   | oracle |         |                                   | 
+ s4   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   | oracle |         | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s5   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        | 15.0    |                                   | 
+ s6   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        | 16.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s7   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   | oracle | 17.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s8   | regress_foreign_data_user | postgresql           |                   |        |         | (host 'localhost', dbname 's8db') | 
+ t1   | regress_test_role         | foo                  |                   |        |         |                                   | 
+(9 rows)
+
+REVOKE USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo FROM regress_test_role;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_indirect;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER t2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                 -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied for foreign-data wrapper foo
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT regress_test_indirect TO regress_test_role;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER t2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+\des+
+                                                             List of foreign servers
+ Name |           Owner           | Foreign-data wrapper | Access privileges |  Type  | Version |            FDW options            | Description 
+------+---------------------------+----------------------+-------------------+--------+---------+-----------------------------------+-------------
+ s1   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        |         |                                   | 
+ s2   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        |         | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s3   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   | oracle |         |                                   | 
+ s4   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   | oracle |         | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s5   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        | 15.0    |                                   | 
+ s6   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   |        | 16.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s7   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                   | oracle | 17.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s8   | regress_foreign_data_user | postgresql           |                   |        |         | (host 'localhost', dbname 's8db') | 
+ t1   | regress_test_role         | foo                  |                   |        |         |                                   | 
+ t2   | regress_test_role         | foo                  |                   |        |         |                                   | 
+(10 rows)
+
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE regress_test_indirect FROM regress_test_role;
+-- ALTER SERVER
+ALTER SERVER s0;                                            -- ERROR
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: ALTER SERVER s0;
+                       ^
+ALTER SERVER s0 OPTIONS (a '1');                            -- ERROR
+ERROR:  server "s0" does not exist
+ALTER SERVER s1 VERSION '1.0' OPTIONS (servername 's1');
+ALTER SERVER s2 VERSION '1.1';
+ALTER SERVER s3 OPTIONS ("tns name" 'orcl', port '1521');
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s1 TO regress_test_role;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s6 TO regress_test_role2 WITH GRANT OPTION;
+\des+
+                                                                               List of foreign servers
+ Name |           Owner           | Foreign-data wrapper |                   Access privileges                   |  Type  | Version |            FDW options            | Description 
+------+---------------------------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+-----------------------------------+-------------
+ s1   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  | regress_foreign_data_user=U/regress_foreign_data_user+|        | 1.0     | (servername 's1')                 | 
+      |                           |                      | regress_test_role=U/regress_foreign_data_user         |        |         |                                   | 
+ s2   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       |        | 1.1     | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s3   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       | oracle |         | ("tns name" 'orcl', port '1521')  | 
+ s4   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       | oracle |         | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s5   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       |        | 15.0    |                                   | 
+ s6   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  | regress_foreign_data_user=U/regress_foreign_data_user+|        | 16.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+      |                           |                      | regress_test_role2=U*/regress_foreign_data_user       |        |         |                                   | 
+ s7   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       | oracle | 17.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')            | 
+ s8   | regress_foreign_data_user | postgresql           |                                                       |        |         | (host 'localhost', dbname 's8db') | 
+ t1   | regress_test_role         | foo                  |                                                       |        |         |                                   | 
+ t2   | regress_test_role         | foo                  |                                                       |        |         |                                   | 
+(10 rows)
+
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s1 VERSION '1.1';                              -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s1
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_role;                 -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s1
+RESET ROLE;
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+GRANT regress_test_role2 TO regress_test_role;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s1 VERSION '1.1';
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_role2;                -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied for foreign-data wrapper foo
+RESET ROLE;
+ALTER SERVER s8 OPTIONS (foo '1');                          -- ERROR option validation
+ERROR:  invalid option "foo"
+HINT:  Valid options in this context are: authtype, service, connect_timeout, dbname, host, hostaddr, port, tty, options, requiressl, sslmode, gsslib
+ALTER SERVER s8 OPTIONS (connect_timeout '30', SET dbname 'db1', DROP host);
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_indirect;             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be member of role "regress_test_indirect"
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT regress_test_indirect TO regress_test_role;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_indirect;
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_indirect;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_indirect;
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_indirect;                            -- ERROR
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_indirect" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  privileges for foreign-data wrapper foo
+owner of server s1
+\des+
+                                                                                 List of foreign servers
+ Name |           Owner           | Foreign-data wrapper |                   Access privileges                   |  Type  | Version |             FDW options              | Description 
+------+---------------------------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+--------------------------------------+-------------
+ s1   | regress_test_indirect     | foo                  | regress_test_indirect=U/regress_test_indirect         |        | 1.1     | (servername 's1')                    | 
+ s2   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       |        | 1.1     | (host 'a', dbname 'b')               | 
+ s3   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       | oracle |         | ("tns name" 'orcl', port '1521')     | 
+ s4   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       | oracle |         | (host 'a', dbname 'b')               | 
+ s5   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       |        | 15.0    |                                      | 
+ s6   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  | regress_foreign_data_user=U/regress_foreign_data_user+|        | 16.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')               | 
+      |                           |                      | regress_test_role2=U*/regress_foreign_data_user       |        |         |                                      | 
+ s7   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       | oracle | 17.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')               | 
+ s8   | regress_foreign_data_user | postgresql           |                                                       |        |         | (dbname 'db1', connect_timeout '30') | 
+ t1   | regress_test_role         | foo                  |                                                       |        |         |                                      | 
+ t2   | regress_test_role         | foo                  |                                                       |        |         |                                      | 
+(10 rows)
+
+ALTER SERVER s8 RENAME to s8new;
+\des+
+                                                                                 List of foreign servers
+ Name  |           Owner           | Foreign-data wrapper |                   Access privileges                   |  Type  | Version |             FDW options              | Description 
+-------+---------------------------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------+---------+--------------------------------------+-------------
+ s1    | regress_test_indirect     | foo                  | regress_test_indirect=U/regress_test_indirect         |        | 1.1     | (servername 's1')                    | 
+ s2    | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       |        | 1.1     | (host 'a', dbname 'b')               | 
+ s3    | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       | oracle |         | ("tns name" 'orcl', port '1521')     | 
+ s4    | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       | oracle |         | (host 'a', dbname 'b')               | 
+ s5    | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       |        | 15.0    |                                      | 
+ s6    | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  | regress_foreign_data_user=U/regress_foreign_data_user+|        | 16.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')               | 
+       |                           |                      | regress_test_role2=U*/regress_foreign_data_user       |        |         |                                      | 
+ s7    | regress_foreign_data_user | foo                  |                                                       | oracle | 17.0    | (host 'a', dbname 'b')               | 
+ s8new | regress_foreign_data_user | postgresql           |                                                       |        |         | (dbname 'db1', connect_timeout '30') | 
+ t1    | regress_test_role         | foo                  |                                                       |        |         |                                      | 
+ t2    | regress_test_role         | foo                  |                                                       |        |         |                                      | 
+(10 rows)
+
+ALTER SERVER s8new RENAME to s8;
+-- DROP SERVER
+DROP SERVER nonexistent;                                    -- ERROR
+ERROR:  server "nonexistent" does not exist
+DROP SERVER IF EXISTS nonexistent;
+NOTICE:  server "nonexistent" does not exist, skipping
+\des
+                 List of foreign servers
+ Name |           Owner           | Foreign-data wrapper 
+------+---------------------------+----------------------
+ s1   | regress_test_indirect     | foo
+ s2   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s3   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s4   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s5   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s6   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s7   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s8   | regress_foreign_data_user | postgresql
+ t1   | regress_test_role         | foo
+ t2   | regress_test_role         | foo
+(10 rows)
+
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+DROP SERVER s2;                                             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s2
+DROP SERVER s1;
+RESET ROLE;
+\des
+                 List of foreign servers
+ Name |           Owner           | Foreign-data wrapper 
+------+---------------------------+----------------------
+ s2   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s3   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s4   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s5   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s6   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s7   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s8   | regress_foreign_data_user | postgresql
+ t1   | regress_test_role         | foo
+ t2   | regress_test_role         | foo
+(9 rows)
+
+ALTER SERVER s2 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+DROP SERVER s2;
+RESET ROLE;
+\des
+                 List of foreign servers
+ Name |           Owner           | Foreign-data wrapper 
+------+---------------------------+----------------------
+ s3   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s4   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s5   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s6   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s7   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s8   | regress_foreign_data_user | postgresql
+ t1   | regress_test_role         | foo
+ t2   | regress_test_role         | foo
+(8 rows)
+
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s3;
+\deu
+       List of user mappings
+ Server |         User name         
+--------+---------------------------
+ s3     | regress_foreign_data_user
+(1 row)
+
+DROP SERVER s3;                                             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot drop server s3 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  user mapping for regress_foreign_data_user on server s3 depends on server s3
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP SERVER s3 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to user mapping for regress_foreign_data_user on server s3
+\des
+                 List of foreign servers
+ Name |           Owner           | Foreign-data wrapper 
+------+---------------------------+----------------------
+ s4   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s5   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s6   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s7   | regress_foreign_data_user | foo
+ s8   | regress_foreign_data_user | postgresql
+ t1   | regress_test_role         | foo
+ t2   | regress_test_role         | foo
+(7 rows)
+
+\deu
+List of user mappings
+ Server | User name 
+--------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- CREATE USER MAPPING
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_missing_role SERVER s1;  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_missing_role" does not exist
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s1;             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  server "s1" does not exist
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s4;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR user SERVER s4;                     -- ERROR duplicate
+ERROR:  user mapping for "regress_foreign_data_user" already exists for server "s4"
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s4 OPTIONS ("this mapping" 'is public');
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR user SERVER s8 OPTIONS (username 'test', password 'secret');    -- ERROR
+ERROR:  invalid option "username"
+HINT:  Valid options in this context are: user, password
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR user SERVER s8 OPTIONS (user 'test', password 'secret');
+ALTER SERVER s5 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s6 OWNER TO regress_test_indirect;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s5;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s6 OPTIONS (username 'test');
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s7;             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied for foreign server s7
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s8;                   -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s8
+RESET ROLE;
+ALTER SERVER t1 OWNER TO regress_test_indirect;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER t1 OPTIONS (username 'bob', password 'boo');
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER t1;
+RESET ROLE;
+\deu
+       List of user mappings
+ Server |         User name         
+--------+---------------------------
+ s4     | public
+ s4     | regress_foreign_data_user
+ s5     | regress_test_role
+ s6     | regress_test_role
+ s8     | regress_foreign_data_user
+ t1     | public
+ t1     | regress_test_role
+(7 rows)
+
+-- ALTER USER MAPPING
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_missing_role SERVER s4 OPTIONS (gotcha 'true'); -- ERROR
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_missing_role" does not exist
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR user SERVER ss4 OPTIONS (gotcha 'true'); -- ERROR
+ERROR:  server "ss4" does not exist
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s5 OPTIONS (gotcha 'true');            -- ERROR
+ERROR:  user mapping for "public" does not exist for server "s5"
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s8 OPTIONS (username 'test');    -- ERROR
+ERROR:  invalid option "username"
+HINT:  Valid options in this context are: user, password
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s8 OPTIONS (DROP user, SET password 'public');
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s5 OPTIONS (ADD modified '1');
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s4 OPTIONS (ADD modified '1'); -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s4
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER t1 OPTIONS (ADD modified '1');
+RESET ROLE;
+\deu+
+                         List of user mappings
+ Server |         User name         |           FDW options            
+--------+---------------------------+----------------------------------
+ s4     | public                    | ("this mapping" 'is public')
+ s4     | regress_foreign_data_user | 
+ s5     | regress_test_role         | (modified '1')
+ s6     | regress_test_role         | (username 'test')
+ s8     | regress_foreign_data_user | (password 'public')
+ t1     | public                    | (modified '1')
+ t1     | regress_test_role         | (username 'bob', password 'boo')
+(7 rows)
+
+-- DROP USER MAPPING
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_missing_role SERVER s4;  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_missing_role" does not exist
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR user SERVER ss4;
+ERROR:  server "ss4" does not exist
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s7;                     -- ERROR
+ERROR:  user mapping for "public" does not exist for server "s7"
+DROP USER MAPPING IF EXISTS FOR regress_test_missing_role SERVER s4;
+NOTICE:  role "regress_test_missing_role" does not exist, skipping
+DROP USER MAPPING IF EXISTS FOR user SERVER ss4;
+NOTICE:  server "ss4" does not exist, skipping
+DROP USER MAPPING IF EXISTS FOR public SERVER s7;
+NOTICE:  user mapping for "public" does not exist for server "s7", skipping
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s8;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s8;                     -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s8
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP SERVER s7;
+\deu
+       List of user mappings
+ Server |         User name         
+--------+---------------------------
+ s4     | public
+ s4     | regress_foreign_data_user
+ s5     | regress_test_role
+ s6     | regress_test_role
+ s8     | public
+ s8     | regress_foreign_data_user
+ t1     | public
+ t1     | regress_test_role
+(8 rows)
+
+-- CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
+CREATE SCHEMA foreign_schema;
+CREATE SERVER s0 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ();                                    -- ERROR
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ();
+                                   ^
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 () SERVER no_server;                   -- ERROR
+ERROR:  server "no_server" does not exist
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 (
+	c1 integer OPTIONS ("param 1" 'val1') PRIMARY KEY,
+	c2 text OPTIONS (param2 'val2', param3 'val3'),
+	c3 date
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value'); -- ERROR
+ERROR:  primary key constraints are not supported on foreign tables
+LINE 2:  c1 integer OPTIONS ("param 1" 'val1') PRIMARY KEY,
+                                               ^
+CREATE TABLE ref_table (id integer PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 (
+	c1 integer OPTIONS ("param 1" 'val1') REFERENCES ref_table (id),
+	c2 text OPTIONS (param2 'val2', param3 'val3'),
+	c3 date
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value'); -- ERROR
+ERROR:  foreign key constraints are not supported on foreign tables
+LINE 2:  c1 integer OPTIONS ("param 1" 'val1') REFERENCES ref_table ...
+                                               ^
+DROP TABLE ref_table;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 (
+	c1 integer OPTIONS ("param 1" 'val1') NOT NULL,
+	c2 text OPTIONS (param2 'val2', param3 'val3'),
+	c3 date,
+	UNIQUE (c3)
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value'); -- ERROR
+ERROR:  unique constraints are not supported on foreign tables
+LINE 5:  UNIQUE (c3)
+         ^
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 (
+	c1 integer OPTIONS ("param 1" 'val1') NOT NULL,
+	c2 text OPTIONS (param2 'val2', param3 'val3') CHECK (c2 <> ''),
+	c3 date,
+	CHECK (c3 BETWEEN '1994-01-01'::date AND '1994-01-31'::date)
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+COMMENT ON FOREIGN TABLE ft1 IS 'ft1';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ft1.c1 IS 'ft1.c1';
+\d+ ft1
+                                                 Foreign table "public.ft1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default |          FDW options           | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+--------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | ("param 1" 'val1')             | plain    |              | ft1.c1
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | (param2 'val2', param3 'val3') | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |                                | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "ft1_c2_check" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+    "ft1_c3_check" CHECK (c3 >= '01-01-1994'::date AND c3 <= '01-31-1994'::date)
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+
+\det+
+                                 List of foreign tables
+ Schema | Table | Server |                   FDW options                   | Description 
+--------+-------+--------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------
+ public | ft1   | s0     | (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value') | ft1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE INDEX id_ft1_c2 ON ft1 (c2);                             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot create index on relation "ft1"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for foreign tables.
+SELECT * FROM ft1;                                              -- ERROR
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "dummy" has no handler
+EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM ft1;                                      -- ERROR
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "dummy" has no handler
+CREATE TABLE lt1 (a INT) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part1
+  PARTITION OF lt1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000) SERVER s0;
+CREATE INDEX ON lt1 (a);                              -- skips partition
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON lt1 (a);                                 -- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot create unique index on partitioned table "lt1"
+DETAIL:  Table "lt1" contains partitions that are foreign tables.
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);                            -- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot create unique index on partitioned table "lt1"
+DETAIL:  Table "lt1" contains partitions that are foreign tables.
+DROP TABLE lt1;
+CREATE TABLE lt1 (a INT) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE INDEX ON lt1 (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part1
+  PARTITION OF lt1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000) SERVER s0;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part2 (a INT) SERVER s0;
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ATTACH PARTITION ft_part2 FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000);
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft_part1, ft_part2;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON lt1 (a);
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part1
+  PARTITION OF lt1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000) SERVER s0;     -- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot create foreign partition of partitioned table "lt1"
+DETAIL:  Table "lt1" contains indexes that are unique.
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part2 (a INT NOT NULL) SERVER s0;
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ATTACH PARTITION ft_part2
+  FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000);                             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot attach foreign table "ft_part2" as partition of partitioned table "lt1"
+DETAIL:  Partitioned table "lt1" contains unique indexes.
+DROP TABLE lt1;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft_part2;
+CREATE TABLE lt1 (a INT) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE INDEX ON lt1 (a);
+CREATE TABLE lt1_part1
+  PARTITION OF lt1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_1
+  PARTITION OF lt1_part1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100) SERVER s0;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_2 (a INT) SERVER s0;
+ALTER TABLE lt1_part1 ATTACH PARTITION ft_part_1_2 FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON lt1 (a);
+ERROR:  cannot create unique index on partitioned table "lt1"
+DETAIL:  Table "lt1" contains partitions that are foreign tables.
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+ERROR:  cannot create unique index on partitioned table "lt1_part1"
+DETAIL:  Table "lt1_part1" contains partitions that are foreign tables.
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_1, ft_part_1_2;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON lt1 (a);
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_1
+  PARTITION OF lt1_part1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100) SERVER s0;
+ERROR:  cannot create foreign partition of partitioned table "lt1_part1"
+DETAIL:  Table "lt1_part1" contains indexes that are unique.
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_2 (a INT NOT NULL) SERVER s0;
+ALTER TABLE lt1_part1 ATTACH PARTITION ft_part_1_2 FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+ERROR:  cannot attach foreign table "ft_part_1_2" as partition of partitioned table "lt1_part1"
+DETAIL:  Partitioned table "lt1_part1" contains unique indexes.
+DROP TABLE lt1;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_2;
+-- ALTER FOREIGN TABLE
+COMMENT ON FOREIGN TABLE ft1 IS 'foreign table';
+COMMENT ON FOREIGN TABLE ft1 IS NULL;
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ft1.c1 IS 'foreign column';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ft1.c1 IS NULL;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c4 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c5 integer DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c6 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c7 integer NOT NULL;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c8 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c9 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c10 integer OPTIONS (p1 'v1');
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c4 SET DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c5 DROP DEFAULT;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c6 SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c7 DROP NOT NULL;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10) USING '0'; -- ERROR
+ERROR:  "ft1" is not a table
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10);
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET DATA TYPE text;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN xmin OPTIONS (ADD p1 'v1'); -- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot alter system column "xmin"
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c7 OPTIONS (ADD p1 'v1', ADD p2 'v2'),
+                        ALTER COLUMN c8 OPTIONS (ADD p1 'v1', ADD p2 'v2');
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 OPTIONS (SET p2 'V2', DROP p1);
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c1 SET STATISTICS 10000;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c1 SET (n_distinct = 100);
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET STATISTICS -1;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET STORAGE PLAIN;
+\d+ ft1
+                                                 Foreign table "public.ft1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default |          FDW options           | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+--------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | ("param 1" 'val1')             | plain    | 10000        | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | (param2 'val2', param3 'val3') | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |                                | plain    |              | 
+ c4     | integer |           |          | 0       |                                | plain    |              | 
+ c5     | integer |           |          |         |                                | plain    |              | 
+ c6     | integer |           | not null |         |                                | plain    |              | 
+ c7     | integer |           |          |         | (p1 'v1', p2 'v2')             | plain    |              | 
+ c8     | text    |           |          |         | (p2 'V2')                      | plain    |              | 
+ c9     | integer |           |          |         |                                | plain    |              | 
+ c10    | integer |           |          |         | (p1 'v1')                      | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "ft1_c2_check" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+    "ft1_c3_check" CHECK (c3 >= '01-01-1994'::date AND c3 <= '01-31-1994'::date)
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+
+-- can't change the column type if it's used elsewhere
+CREATE TABLE use_ft1_column_type (x ft1);
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET DATA TYPE integer;	-- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot alter foreign table "ft1" because column "use_ft1_column_type.x" uses its row type
+DROP TABLE use_ft1_column_type;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (c7);                   -- ERROR
+ERROR:  primary key constraints are not supported on foreign tables
+LINE 1: ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (c7);
+                                    ^
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check CHECK (c9 < 0) NOT VALID;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check DEFERRABLE; -- ERROR
+ERROR:  ALTER action ALTER CONSTRAINT cannot be performed on relation "ft1"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for foreign tables.
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT no_const;               -- ERROR
+ERROR:  constraint "no_const" of relation "ft1" does not exist
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS no_const;
+NOTICE:  constraint "no_const" of relation "ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 OPTIONS (DROP delimiter, SET quote '~', ADD escape '@');
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP COLUMN no_column;                  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  column "no_column" of relation "ft1" does not exist
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS no_column;
+NOTICE:  column "no_column" of relation "ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP COLUMN c9;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 SET SCHEMA foreign_schema;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 SET TABLESPACE ts;                      -- ERROR
+ERROR:  relation "ft1" does not exist
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE foreign_schema.ft1 RENAME c1 TO foreign_column_1;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE foreign_schema.ft1 RENAME TO foreign_table_1;
+\d foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+                        Foreign table "foreign_schema.foreign_table_1"
+      Column      |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default |          FDW options           
+------------------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+--------------------------------
+ foreign_column_1 | integer |           | not null |         | ("param 1" 'val1')
+ c2               | text    |           |          |         | (param2 'val2', param3 'val3')
+ c3               | date    |           |          |         | 
+ c4               | integer |           |          | 0       | 
+ c5               | integer |           |          |         | 
+ c6               | integer |           | not null |         | 
+ c7               | integer |           |          |         | (p1 'v1', p2 'v2')
+ c8               | text    |           |          |         | (p2 'V2')
+ c10              | integer |           |          |         | (p1 'v1')
+Check constraints:
+    "ft1_c2_check" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+    "ft1_c3_check" CHECK (c3 >= '01-01-1994'::date AND c3 <= '01-31-1994'::date)
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (quote '~', "be quoted" 'value', escape '@')
+
+-- alter noexisting table
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c4 integer;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c6 integer;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c7 integer NOT NULL;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c8 integer;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c9 integer;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c10 integer OPTIONS (p1 'v1');
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c6 SET NOT NULL;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c7 DROP NOT NULL;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10);
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET DATA TYPE text;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c7 OPTIONS (ADD p1 'v1', ADD p2 'v2'),
+                        ALTER COLUMN c8 OPTIONS (ADD p1 'v1', ADD p2 'v2');
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 OPTIONS (SET p2 'V2', DROP p1);
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS no_const;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT ft1_c1_check;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 OPTIONS (DROP delimiter, SET quote '~', ADD escape '@');
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS no_column;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 DROP COLUMN c9;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 SET SCHEMA foreign_schema;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 RENAME c1 TO foreign_column_1;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 RENAME TO foreign_table_1;
+NOTICE:  relation "doesnt_exist_ft1" does not exist, skipping
+-- Information schema
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_data_wrappers ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ foreign_data_wrapper_catalog | foreign_data_wrapper_name | authorization_identifier  | library_name | foreign_data_wrapper_language 
+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+--------------+-------------------------------
+ regression                   | dummy                     | regress_foreign_data_user |              | c
+ regression                   | foo                       | regress_foreign_data_user |              | c
+ regression                   | postgresql                | regress_foreign_data_user |              | c
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_data_wrapper_options ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ foreign_data_wrapper_catalog | foreign_data_wrapper_name | option_name  | option_value 
+------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------+--------------
+ regression                   | foo                       | test wrapper | true
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_servers ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ foreign_server_catalog | foreign_server_name | foreign_data_wrapper_catalog | foreign_data_wrapper_name | foreign_server_type | foreign_server_version | authorization_identifier  
+------------------------+---------------------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------+------------------------+---------------------------
+ regression             | s0                  | regression                   | dummy                     |                     |                        | regress_foreign_data_user
+ regression             | s4                  | regression                   | foo                       | oracle              |                        | regress_foreign_data_user
+ regression             | s5                  | regression                   | foo                       |                     | 15.0                   | regress_test_role
+ regression             | s6                  | regression                   | foo                       |                     | 16.0                   | regress_test_indirect
+ regression             | s8                  | regression                   | postgresql                |                     |                        | regress_foreign_data_user
+ regression             | t1                  | regression                   | foo                       |                     |                        | regress_test_indirect
+ regression             | t2                  | regression                   | foo                       |                     |                        | regress_test_role
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_server_options ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ foreign_server_catalog | foreign_server_name |   option_name   | option_value 
+------------------------+---------------------+-----------------+--------------
+ regression             | s4                  | dbname          | b
+ regression             | s4                  | host            | a
+ regression             | s6                  | dbname          | b
+ regression             | s6                  | host            | a
+ regression             | s8                  | connect_timeout | 30
+ regression             | s8                  | dbname          | db1
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_mappings ORDER BY lower(authorization_identifier), 2, 3;
+ authorization_identifier  | foreign_server_catalog | foreign_server_name 
+---------------------------+------------------------+---------------------
+ PUBLIC                    | regression             | s4
+ PUBLIC                    | regression             | s8
+ PUBLIC                    | regression             | t1
+ regress_foreign_data_user | regression             | s4
+ regress_foreign_data_user | regression             | s8
+ regress_test_role         | regression             | s5
+ regress_test_role         | regression             | s6
+ regress_test_role         | regression             | t1
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_mapping_options ORDER BY lower(authorization_identifier), 2, 3, 4;
+ authorization_identifier  | foreign_server_catalog | foreign_server_name | option_name  | option_value 
+---------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+--------------+--------------
+ PUBLIC                    | regression             | s4                  | this mapping | is public
+ PUBLIC                    | regression             | t1                  | modified     | 1
+ regress_foreign_data_user | regression             | s8                  | password     | public
+ regress_test_role         | regression             | s5                  | modified     | 1
+ regress_test_role         | regression             | s6                  | username     | test
+ regress_test_role         | regression             | t1                  | password     | boo
+ regress_test_role         | regression             | t1                  | username     | bob
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.usage_privileges WHERE object_type LIKE 'FOREIGN%' AND object_name IN ('s6', 'foo') ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
+          grantor          |          grantee          | object_catalog | object_schema | object_name |     object_type      | privilege_type | is_grantable 
+---------------------------+---------------------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+----------------------+----------------+--------------
+ regress_foreign_data_user | regress_foreign_data_user | regression     |               | foo         | FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER | USAGE          | YES
+ regress_foreign_data_user | regress_test_indirect     | regression     |               | foo         | FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER | USAGE          | NO
+ regress_test_indirect     | regress_test_indirect     | regression     |               | s6          | FOREIGN SERVER       | USAGE          | YES
+ regress_test_indirect     | regress_test_role2        | regression     |               | s6          | FOREIGN SERVER       | USAGE          | YES
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.role_usage_grants WHERE object_type LIKE 'FOREIGN%' AND object_name IN ('s6', 'foo') ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
+          grantor          |          grantee          | object_catalog | object_schema | object_name |     object_type      | privilege_type | is_grantable 
+---------------------------+---------------------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+----------------------+----------------+--------------
+ regress_foreign_data_user | regress_foreign_data_user | regression     |               | foo         | FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER | USAGE          | YES
+ regress_foreign_data_user | regress_test_indirect     | regression     |               | foo         | FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER | USAGE          | NO
+ regress_test_indirect     | regress_test_indirect     | regression     |               | s6          | FOREIGN SERVER       | USAGE          | YES
+ regress_test_indirect     | regress_test_role2        | regression     |               | s6          | FOREIGN SERVER       | USAGE          | YES
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_tables ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ foreign_table_catalog | foreign_table_schema | foreign_table_name | foreign_server_catalog | foreign_server_name 
+-----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------------+---------------------
+ regression            | foreign_schema       | foreign_table_1    | regression             | s0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_table_options ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+ foreign_table_catalog | foreign_table_schema | foreign_table_name | option_name | option_value 
+-----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+-------------+--------------
+ regression            | foreign_schema       | foreign_table_1    | be quoted   | value
+ regression            | foreign_schema       | foreign_table_1    | escape      | @
+ regression            | foreign_schema       | foreign_table_1    | quote       | ~
+(3 rows)
+
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_mapping_options ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+ authorization_identifier | foreign_server_catalog | foreign_server_name | option_name | option_value 
+--------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+-------------+--------------
+ PUBLIC                   | regression             | t1                  | modified    | 1
+ regress_test_role        | regression             | s5                  | modified    | 1
+ regress_test_role        | regression             | s6                  | username    | test
+ regress_test_role        | regression             | t1                  | password    | boo
+ regress_test_role        | regression             | t1                  | username    | bob
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.usage_privileges WHERE object_type LIKE 'FOREIGN%' AND object_name IN ('s6', 'foo') ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
+          grantor          |        grantee        | object_catalog | object_schema | object_name |     object_type      | privilege_type | is_grantable 
+---------------------------+-----------------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+----------------------+----------------+--------------
+ regress_foreign_data_user | regress_test_indirect | regression     |               | foo         | FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER | USAGE          | NO
+ regress_test_indirect     | regress_test_indirect | regression     |               | s6          | FOREIGN SERVER       | USAGE          | YES
+ regress_test_indirect     | regress_test_role2    | regression     |               | s6          | FOREIGN SERVER       | USAGE          | YES
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.role_usage_grants WHERE object_type LIKE 'FOREIGN%' AND object_name IN ('s6', 'foo') ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
+          grantor          |        grantee        | object_catalog | object_schema | object_name |     object_type      | privilege_type | is_grantable 
+---------------------------+-----------------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+----------------------+----------------+--------------
+ regress_foreign_data_user | regress_test_indirect | regression     |               | foo         | FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER | USAGE          | NO
+ regress_test_indirect     | regress_test_indirect | regression     |               | s6          | FOREIGN SERVER       | USAGE          | YES
+ regress_test_indirect     | regress_test_role2    | regression     |               | s6          | FOREIGN SERVER       | USAGE          | YES
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER t1;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role2;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_mapping_options ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+ authorization_identifier | foreign_server_catalog | foreign_server_name | option_name | option_value 
+--------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+-------------+--------------
+ regress_test_role        | regression             | s6                  | username    | 
+(1 row)
+
+RESET ROLE;
+-- has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege('regress_test_role',
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper WHERE fdwname='foo'), 'USAGE');
+ has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege 
+------------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege('regress_test_role', 'foo', 'USAGE');
+ has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege 
+------------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname='regress_test_role'),
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper WHERE fdwname='foo'), 'USAGE');
+ has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege 
+------------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper WHERE fdwname='foo'), 'USAGE');
+ has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege 
+------------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname='regress_test_role'), 'foo', 'USAGE');
+ has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege 
+------------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege('foo', 'USAGE');
+ has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege 
+------------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_role;
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege('regress_test_role', 'foo', 'USAGE');
+ has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege 
+------------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- has_server_privilege
+SELECT has_server_privilege('regress_test_role',
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_server WHERE srvname='s8'), 'USAGE');
+ has_server_privilege 
+----------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_server_privilege('regress_test_role', 's8', 'USAGE');
+ has_server_privilege 
+----------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_server_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname='regress_test_role'),
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_server WHERE srvname='s8'), 'USAGE');
+ has_server_privilege 
+----------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_server_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_server WHERE srvname='s8'), 'USAGE');
+ has_server_privilege 
+----------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_server_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname='regress_test_role'), 's8', 'USAGE');
+ has_server_privilege 
+----------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_server_privilege('s8', 'USAGE');
+ has_server_privilege 
+----------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s8 TO regress_test_role;
+SELECT has_server_privilege('regress_test_role', 's8', 'USAGE');
+ has_server_privilege 
+----------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s8 FROM regress_test_role;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s4 TO regress_test_role;
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s4;
+ALTER SERVER s6 OPTIONS (DROP host, DROP dbname);
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6 OPTIONS (DROP username);
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo VALIDATOR postgresql_fdw_validator;
+WARNING:  changing the foreign-data wrapper validator can cause the options for dependent objects to become invalid
+-- Privileges
+SET ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foobar;                             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied to create foreign-data wrapper "foobar"
+HINT:  Must be superuser to create a foreign-data wrapper.
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (gotcha 'true');         -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied to alter foreign-data wrapper "foo"
+HINT:  Must be superuser to alter a foreign-data wrapper.
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OWNER TO regress_unprivileged_role; -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied to change owner of foreign-data wrapper "foo"
+HINT:  Must be superuser to change owner of a foreign-data wrapper.
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                                  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign-data wrapper foo
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_role;   -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied for foreign-data wrapper foo
+CREATE SERVER s9 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                      -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied for foreign-data wrapper foo
+ALTER SERVER s4 VERSION '0.5';                                  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s4
+ALTER SERVER s4 OWNER TO regress_unprivileged_role;             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s4
+DROP SERVER s4;                                                 -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s4
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s4 TO regress_test_role;          -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied for foreign server s4
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s4;                       -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s4
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6 OPTIONS (gotcha 'true'); -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s6
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6;              -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s6
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql TO regress_unprivileged_role;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_unprivileged_role WITH GRANT OPTION;
+SET ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foobar;                             -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied to create foreign-data wrapper "foobar"
+HINT:  Must be superuser to create a foreign-data wrapper.
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (gotcha 'true');         -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied to alter foreign-data wrapper "foo"
+HINT:  Must be superuser to alter a foreign-data wrapper.
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                                  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign-data wrapper foo
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql TO regress_test_role; -- WARNING
+WARNING:  no privileges were granted for "postgresql"
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER s9 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql;
+ALTER SERVER s6 VERSION '0.5';                                  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s6
+DROP SERVER s6;                                                 -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s6
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s6 TO regress_test_role;          -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied for foreign server s6
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s9 TO regress_test_role;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s6;                       -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s6
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s9;
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6 OPTIONS (gotcha 'true'); -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s6
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6;              -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s6
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo FROM regress_unprivileged_role; -- ERROR
+ERROR:  dependent privileges exist
+HINT:  Use CASCADE to revoke them too.
+REVOKE USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo FROM regress_unprivileged_role CASCADE;
+SET ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_role;   -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied for foreign-data wrapper foo
+CREATE SERVER s10 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                     -- ERROR
+ERROR:  permission denied for foreign-data wrapper foo
+ALTER SERVER s9 VERSION '1.1';
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s9 TO regress_test_role;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s9;
+DROP SERVER s9 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to user mapping for public on server s9
+drop cascades to user mapping for regress_unprivileged_role on server s9
+RESET ROLE;
+CREATE SERVER s9 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s9 TO regress_unprivileged_role;
+SET ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+ALTER SERVER s9 VERSION '1.2';                                  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s9
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s9 TO regress_test_role;          -- WARNING
+WARNING:  no privileges were granted for "s9"
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s9;
+DROP SERVER s9 CASCADE;                                         -- ERROR
+ERROR:  must be owner of foreign server s9
+-- Check visibility of user mapping data
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER s10 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s10 OPTIONS (user 'secret');
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR regress_unprivileged_role SERVER s10 OPTIONS (user 'secret');
+-- owner of server can see some option fields
+\deu+
+                 List of user mappings
+ Server |         User name         |    FDW options    
+--------+---------------------------+-------------------
+ s10    | public                    | ("user" 'secret')
+ s10    | regress_unprivileged_role | 
+ s4     | regress_foreign_data_user | 
+ s5     | regress_test_role         | (modified '1')
+ s6     | regress_test_role         | 
+ s8     | public                    | 
+ s8     | regress_foreign_data_user | 
+ s9     | regress_unprivileged_role | 
+ t1     | public                    | (modified '1')
+(9 rows)
+
+RESET ROLE;
+-- superuser can see all option fields
+\deu+
+                  List of user mappings
+ Server |         User name         |     FDW options     
+--------+---------------------------+---------------------
+ s10    | public                    | ("user" 'secret')
+ s10    | regress_unprivileged_role | ("user" 'secret')
+ s4     | regress_foreign_data_user | 
+ s5     | regress_test_role         | (modified '1')
+ s6     | regress_test_role         | 
+ s8     | public                    | 
+ s8     | regress_foreign_data_user | (password 'public')
+ s9     | regress_unprivileged_role | 
+ t1     | public                    | (modified '1')
+(9 rows)
+
+-- unprivileged user cannot see any option field
+SET ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+\deu+
+              List of user mappings
+ Server |         User name         | FDW options 
+--------+---------------------------+-------------
+ s10    | public                    | 
+ s10    | regress_unprivileged_role | 
+ s4     | regress_foreign_data_user | 
+ s5     | regress_test_role         | 
+ s6     | regress_test_role         | 
+ s8     | public                    | 
+ s8     | regress_foreign_data_user | 
+ s9     | regress_unprivileged_role | 
+ t1     | public                    | 
+(9 rows)
+
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP SERVER s10 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to user mapping for public on server s10
+drop cascades to user mapping for regress_unprivileged_role on server s10
+-- Triggers
+CREATE FUNCTION dummy_trigger() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END
+$$ language plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER trigtest_before_stmt BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+FOR EACH STATEMENT
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+CREATE TRIGGER trigtest_after_stmt AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+FOR EACH STATEMENT
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+CREATE TRIGGER trigtest_after_stmt_tt AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE -- ERROR
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS new_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+ERROR:  "foreign_table_1" is a foreign table
+DETAIL:  Triggers on foreign tables cannot have transition tables.
+CREATE TRIGGER trigtest_before_row BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+CREATE TRIGGER trigtest_after_row AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER trigtest_constraint AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+ERROR:  "foreign_table_1" is a foreign table
+DETAIL:  Foreign tables cannot have constraint triggers.
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+	DISABLE TRIGGER trigtest_before_stmt;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+	ENABLE TRIGGER trigtest_before_stmt;
+DROP TRIGGER trigtest_before_stmt ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1;
+DROP TRIGGER trigtest_before_row ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1;
+DROP TRIGGER trigtest_after_stmt ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1;
+DROP TRIGGER trigtest_after_row ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1;
+DROP FUNCTION dummy_trigger();
+-- Table inheritance
+CREATE TABLE fd_pt1 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft2 () INHERITS (fd_pt1)
+  SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+\d+ fd_pt1
+                                   Table "public.fd_pt1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Child tables: ft2
+
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+Inherits: fd_pt1
+
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft2;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+                                   Table "public.fd_pt1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft2 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft2 INHERIT fd_pt1;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+                                   Table "public.fd_pt1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Child tables: ft2
+
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+Inherits: fd_pt1
+
+CREATE TABLE ct3() INHERITS(ft2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft3 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+) INHERITS(ft2)
+  SERVER s0;
+NOTICE:  merging column "c1" with inherited definition
+NOTICE:  merging column "c2" with inherited definition
+NOTICE:  merging column "c3" with inherited definition
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+Inherits: fd_pt1
+Child tables: ct3,
+              ft3
+
+\d+ ct3
+                                    Table "public.ct3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Inherits: ft2
+
+\d+ ft3
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Server: s0
+Inherits: ft2
+
+-- add attributes recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD COLUMN c4 integer;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD COLUMN c5 integer DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD COLUMN c6 integer;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD COLUMN c7 integer NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD COLUMN c8 integer;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+                                   Table "public.fd_pt1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ c4     | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ c5     | integer |           |          | 0       | plain    |              | 
+ c6     | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ c7     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c8     | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Child tables: ft2
+
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c4     | integer |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c5     | integer |           |          | 0       |             | plain    |              | 
+ c6     | integer |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c7     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c8     | integer |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+Inherits: fd_pt1
+Child tables: ct3,
+              ft3
+
+\d+ ct3
+                                    Table "public.ct3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ c4     | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ c5     | integer |           |          | 0       | plain    |              | 
+ c6     | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ c7     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c8     | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Inherits: ft2
+
+\d+ ft3
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c4     | integer |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c5     | integer |           |          | 0       |             | plain    |              | 
+ c6     | integer |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c7     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c8     | integer |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Server: s0
+Inherits: ft2
+
+-- alter attributes recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c4 SET DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c5 DROP DEFAULT;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c6 SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c7 DROP NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10) USING '0';        -- ERROR
+ERROR:  "ft2" is not a table
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10);
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET DATA TYPE text;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c1 SET STATISTICS 10000;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c1 SET (n_distinct = 100);
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET STATISTICS -1;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+                                   Table "public.fd_pt1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    | 10000        | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ c4     | integer |           |          | 0       | plain    |              | 
+ c5     | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ c6     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c7     | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ c8     | text    |           |          |         | external |              | 
+Child tables: ft2
+
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    | 10000        | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c4     | integer |           |          | 0       |             | plain    |              | 
+ c5     | integer |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c6     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c7     | integer |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c8     | text    |           |          |         |             | external |              | 
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+Inherits: fd_pt1
+Child tables: ct3,
+              ft3
+
+-- drop attributes recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP COLUMN c4;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP COLUMN c5;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP COLUMN c6;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP COLUMN c7;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP COLUMN c8;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+                                   Table "public.fd_pt1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    | 10000        | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Child tables: ft2
+
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    | 10000        | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+Inherits: fd_pt1
+Child tables: ct3,
+              ft3
+
+-- add constraints recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk1 CHECK (c1 > 0) NO INHERIT;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk2 CHECK (c2 <> '');
+-- connoinherit should be true for NO INHERIT constraint
+SELECT relname, conname, contype, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit
+  FROM pg_class AS pc JOIN pg_constraint AS pgc ON (conrelid = pc.oid)
+  WHERE pc.relname = 'fd_pt1'
+  ORDER BY 1,2;
+ relname |  conname   | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit 
+---------+------------+---------+------------+-------------+--------------
+ fd_pt1  | fd_pt1chk1 | c       | t          |           0 | t
+ fd_pt1  | fd_pt1chk2 | c       | t          |           0 | f
+(2 rows)
+
+-- child does not inherit NO INHERIT constraints
+\d+ fd_pt1
+                                   Table "public.fd_pt1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    | 10000        | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "fd_pt1chk1" CHECK (c1 > 0) NO INHERIT
+    "fd_pt1chk2" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+Child tables: ft2
+
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    | 10000        | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "fd_pt1chk2" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+Inherits: fd_pt1
+Child tables: ct3,
+              ft3
+
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft2; -- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot drop foreign table ft2 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  table ct3 depends on foreign table ft2
+foreign table ft3 depends on foreign table ft2
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft2 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table ct3
+drop cascades to foreign table ft3
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft2 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+-- child must have parent's INHERIT constraints
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft2 INHERIT fd_pt1;                            -- ERROR
+ERROR:  child table is missing constraint "fd_pt1chk2"
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft2 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk2 CHECK (c2 <> '');
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft2 INHERIT fd_pt1;
+-- child does not inherit NO INHERIT constraints
+\d+ fd_pt1
+                                   Table "public.fd_pt1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    | 10000        | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "fd_pt1chk1" CHECK (c1 > 0) NO INHERIT
+    "fd_pt1chk2" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+Child tables: ft2
+
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "fd_pt1chk2" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+Inherits: fd_pt1
+
+-- drop constraints recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk1 CASCADE;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk2 CASCADE;
+-- NOT VALID case
+INSERT INTO fd_pt1 VALUES (1, 'fd_pt1'::text, '1994-01-01'::date);
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk3 CHECK (c2 <> '') NOT VALID;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+                                   Table "public.fd_pt1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    | 10000        | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "fd_pt1chk3" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text) NOT VALID
+Child tables: ft2
+
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "fd_pt1chk2" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+    "fd_pt1chk3" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text) NOT VALID
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+Inherits: fd_pt1
+
+-- VALIDATE CONSTRAINT need do nothing on foreign tables
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk3;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+                                   Table "public.fd_pt1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    | 10000        | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "fd_pt1chk3" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+Child tables: ft2
+
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "fd_pt1chk2" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+    "fd_pt1chk3" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+Inherits: fd_pt1
+
+-- changes name of an attribute recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 RENAME COLUMN c1 TO f1;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 RENAME COLUMN c2 TO f2;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 RENAME COLUMN c3 TO f3;
+-- changes name of a constraint recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 RENAME CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk3 TO f2_check;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+                                   Table "public.fd_pt1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    | 10000        | 
+ f2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ f3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "f2_check" CHECK (f2 <> ''::text)
+Child tables: ft2
+
+\d+ ft2
+                                       Foreign table "public.ft2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ f2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ f3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "f2_check" CHECK (f2 <> ''::text)
+    "fd_pt1chk2" CHECK (f2 <> ''::text)
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+Inherits: fd_pt1
+
+DROP TABLE fd_pt1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to foreign table ft2
+-- IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA
+IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA s1 FROM SERVER s9 INTO public; -- ERROR
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "foo" has no handler
+IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA s1 LIMIT TO (t1) FROM SERVER s9 INTO public; --ERROR
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "foo" has no handler
+IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA s1 EXCEPT (t1) FROM SERVER s9 INTO public; -- ERROR
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "foo" has no handler
+IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA s1 EXCEPT (t1, t2) FROM SERVER s9 INTO public
+OPTIONS (option1 'value1', option2 'value2'); -- ERROR
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "foo" has no handler
+-- DROP FOREIGN TABLE
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE no_table;                                    -- ERROR
+ERROR:  foreign table "no_table" does not exist
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS no_table;
+NOTICE:  foreign table "no_table" does not exist, skipping
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE foreign_schema.foreign_table_1;
+-- REASSIGN OWNED/DROP OWNED of foreign objects
+REASSIGN OWNED BY regress_test_role TO regress_test_role2;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_test_role2;
+ERROR:  cannot drop desired object(s) because other objects depend on them
+DETAIL:  user mapping for regress_test_role on server s5 depends on server s5
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP OWNED BY regress_test_role2 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to user mapping for regress_test_role on server s5
+-- Foreign partition DDL stuff
+CREATE TABLE fd_pt2 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+) PARTITION BY LIST (c1);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1 PARTITION OF fd_pt2 FOR VALUES IN (1)
+  SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+\d+ fd_pt2
+                             Partitioned table "public.fd_pt2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (c1)
+Partitions: fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1)
+
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+                                     Foreign table "public.fd_pt2_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: fd_pt2 FOR VALUES IN (1)
+Partition constraint: ((c1 IS NOT NULL) AND (c1 = 1))
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+
+-- partition cannot have additional columns
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date,
+	c4 char
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+                                       Foreign table "public.fd_pt2_1"
+ Column |     Type     | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+--------------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer      |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text         |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date         |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c4     | character(1) |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);       -- ERROR
+ERROR:  table "fd_pt2_1" contains column "c4" not found in parent "fd_pt2"
+DETAIL:  The new partition may contain only the columns present in parent.
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1;
+\d+ fd_pt2
+                             Partitioned table "public.fd_pt2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (c1)
+Number of partitions: 0
+
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+                                     Foreign table "public.fd_pt2_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+
+-- no attach partition validation occurs for foreign tables
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+\d+ fd_pt2
+                             Partitioned table "public.fd_pt2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (c1)
+Partitions: fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1)
+
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+                                     Foreign table "public.fd_pt2_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: fd_pt2 FOR VALUES IN (1)
+Partition constraint: ((c1 IS NOT NULL) AND (c1 = 1))
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+
+-- cannot add column to a partition
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2_1 ADD c4 char;
+ERROR:  cannot add column to a partition
+-- ok to have a partition's own constraints though
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2_1 ALTER c3 SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2_1 ADD CONSTRAINT p21chk CHECK (c2 <> '');
+\d+ fd_pt2
+                             Partitioned table "public.fd_pt2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (c1)
+Partitions: fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1)
+
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+                                     Foreign table "public.fd_pt2_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: fd_pt2 FOR VALUES IN (1)
+Partition constraint: ((c1 IS NOT NULL) AND (c1 = 1))
+Check constraints:
+    "p21chk" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+
+-- cannot drop inherited NOT NULL constraint from a partition
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2_1 ALTER c1 DROP NOT NULL;
+ERROR:  column "c1" is marked NOT NULL in parent table
+-- partition must have parent's constraints
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 DETACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ALTER c2 SET NOT NULL;
+\d+ fd_pt2
+                             Partitioned table "public.fd_pt2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           | not null |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (c1)
+Number of partitions: 0
+
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+                                     Foreign table "public.fd_pt2_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           |          |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "p21chk" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);       -- ERROR
+ERROR:  column "c2" in child table must be marked NOT NULL
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1 ALTER c2 SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 DETACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt2chk1 CHECK (c1 > 0);
+\d+ fd_pt2
+                             Partitioned table "public.fd_pt2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           | not null |         | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (c1)
+Check constraints:
+    "fd_pt2chk1" CHECK (c1 > 0)
+Number of partitions: 0
+
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+                                     Foreign table "public.fd_pt2_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | FDW options | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ c1     | integer |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+ c2     | text    |           | not null |         |             | extended |              | 
+ c3     | date    |           | not null |         |             | plain    |              | 
+Check constraints:
+    "p21chk" CHECK (c2 <> ''::text)
+Server: s0
+FDW options: (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value')
+
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);       -- ERROR
+ERROR:  child table is missing constraint "fd_pt2chk1"
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt2chk1 CHECK (c1 > 0);
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1;
+DROP TABLE fd_pt2;
+-- foreign table cannot be part of partition tree made of temporary
+-- relations.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_parted (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_part PARTITION OF temp_parted DEFAULT
+  SERVER s0;  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot create a permanent relation as partition of temporary relation "temp_parted"
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_part (a int) SERVER s0;
+ALTER TABLE temp_parted ATTACH PARTITION foreign_part DEFAULT;  -- ERROR
+ERROR:  cannot attach a permanent relation as partition of temporary relation "temp_parted"
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE foreign_part;
+DROP TABLE temp_parted;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP SCHEMA foreign_schema CASCADE;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role;                                -- ERROR
+ERROR:  role "regress_test_role" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  privileges for foreign-data wrapper foo
+privileges for server s4
+owner of user mapping for regress_test_role on server s6
+DROP SERVER t1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to user mapping for public on server t1
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 5 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to server s4
+drop cascades to user mapping for regress_foreign_data_user on server s4
+drop cascades to server s6
+drop cascades to server s9
+drop cascades to user mapping for regress_unprivileged_role on server s9
+DROP SERVER s8 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to user mapping for regress_foreign_data_user on server s8
+drop cascades to user mapping for public on server s8
+DROP ROLE regress_test_indirect;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role;
+DROP ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;                        -- ERROR
+ERROR:  role "regress_unprivileged_role" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  privileges for foreign-data wrapper postgresql
+REVOKE ALL ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql FROM regress_unprivileged_role;
+DROP ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role2;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql CASCADE;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to server s0
+\c
+DROP ROLE regress_foreign_data_user;
+-- At this point we should have no wrappers, no servers, and no mappings.
+SELECT fdwname, fdwhandler, fdwvalidator, fdwoptions FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper;
+ fdwname | fdwhandler | fdwvalidator | fdwoptions 
+---------+------------+--------------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT srvname, srvoptions FROM pg_foreign_server;
+ srvname | srvoptions 
+---------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_user_mapping;
+ oid | umuser | umserver | umoptions 
+-----+--------+----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/foreign_key.out b/src/test/regress/expected/foreign_key.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97d67e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/foreign_key.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2919 @@
+--
+-- FOREIGN KEY
+--
+-- MATCH FULL
+--
+-- First test, check and cascade
+--
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLE
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 1);
+-- Insert a failed row into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1)=(100) is not present in table "pktable".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      2
+      2 |      3
+      3 |      4
+        |      1
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1;
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 
+--------+--------
+      2 |      3
+      3 |      4
+        |      1
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 
+--------+--------
+      3 |      4
+        |      1
+      1 |      3
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+--
+-- check set NULL and table constraint on multiple columns
+--
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, CONSTRAINT constrname FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2)
+                       REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL);
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT constrname_wrong ON FKTABLE IS 'fk constraint comment';
+ERROR:  constraint "constrname_wrong" for table "fktable" does not exist
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT constrname ON FKTABLE IS 'fk constraint comment';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT constrname ON FKTABLE IS NULL;
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLE
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 'Test1-2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 8, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 10, 'Test5');
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, NULL, 0);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2, 4);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1, ftest2)=(100, 2) is not present in table "pktable".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 2, 4);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1, ftest2)=(2, 2) is not present in table "pktable".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 4);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname"
+DETAIL:  MATCH FULL does not allow mixing of null and nonnull key values.
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, NULL, 4);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname"
+DETAIL:  MATCH FULL does not allow mixing of null and nonnull key values.
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 
+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      2 |      4
+      1 |      3 |      5
+      2 |      4 |      8
+      3 |      6 |     12
+        |        |      0
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1 and ptest2=2;
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 
+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      3 |      5
+      2 |      4 |      8
+      3 |      6 |     12
+        |        |      0
+        |        |      4
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Delete another row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5 and ptest2=10;
+-- Check FKTABLE (should be no change)
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 
+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      3 |      5
+      2 |      4 |      8
+      3 |      6 |     12
+        |        |      0
+        |        |      4
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 
+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      3 |      5
+      3 |      6 |     12
+        |        |      0
+        |        |      4
+        |        |      8
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Check update with part of key null
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = NULL WHERE ftest1 = 1;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname"
+DETAIL:  MATCH FULL does not allow mixing of null and nonnull key values.
+-- Check update with old and new key values equal
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = 1 WHERE ftest1 = 1;
+-- Try altering the column type where foreign keys are involved
+ALTER TABLE PKTABLE ALTER COLUMN ptest1 TYPE bigint;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ALTER COLUMN ftest1 TYPE bigint;
+SELECT * FROM PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3  
+--------+--------+---------
+      1 |      3 | Test1-2
+      3 |      6 | Test3
+      4 |      8 | Test4
+      1 |      4 | Test2
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 
+--------+--------+--------
+      3 |      6 |     12
+        |        |      0
+        |        |      4
+        |        |      8
+      1 |      3 |      5
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to constraint constrname on table fktable
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+--
+-- check set default and table constraint on multiple columns
+--
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT -1, ftest2 int DEFAULT -2, ftest3 int, CONSTRAINT constrname2 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2)
+                       REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT);
+-- Insert a value in PKTABLE for default
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (-1, -2, 'The Default!');
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLE
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 'Test1-2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 8, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 10, 'Test5');
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, NULL, 0);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2, 4);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname2"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1, ftest2)=(100, 2) is not present in table "pktable".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 2, 4);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname2"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1, ftest2)=(2, 2) is not present in table "pktable".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 4);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname2"
+DETAIL:  MATCH FULL does not allow mixing of null and nonnull key values.
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, NULL, 4);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname2"
+DETAIL:  MATCH FULL does not allow mixing of null and nonnull key values.
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 
+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      2 |      4
+      1 |      3 |      5
+      2 |      4 |      8
+      3 |      6 |     12
+        |        |      0
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1 and ptest2=2;
+-- Check FKTABLE to check for removal
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 
+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      3 |      5
+      2 |      4 |      8
+      3 |      6 |     12
+        |        |      0
+     -1 |     -2 |      4
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Delete another row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5 and ptest2=10;
+-- Check FKTABLE (should be no change)
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 
+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      3 |      5
+      2 |      4 |      8
+      3 |      6 |     12
+        |        |      0
+     -1 |     -2 |      4
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 
+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      3 |      5
+      3 |      6 |     12
+        |        |      0
+     -1 |     -2 |      4
+     -1 |     -2 |      8
+(5 rows)
+
+-- this should fail for lack of CASCADE
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+ERROR:  cannot drop table pktable because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint constrname2 on table fktable depends on table pktable
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to constraint constrname2 on table fktable
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+--
+-- First test, check with no on delete or on update
+--
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLE
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 1);
+-- Insert a failed row into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1)=(100) is not present in table "pktable".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      2
+      2 |      3
+      3 |      4
+        |      1
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Check PKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 
+--------+--------
+      1 | Test1
+      2 | Test2
+      3 | Test3
+      4 | Test4
+      5 | Test5
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (should fail)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktable"
+DETAIL:  Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktable".
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (should succeed)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5;
+-- Check PKTABLE for deletes
+SELECT * FROM PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 
+--------+--------
+      1 | Test1
+      2 | Test2
+      3 | Test3
+      4 | Test4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (should fail)
+UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=0 WHERE ptest1=2;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktable"
+DETAIL:  Key (ptest1)=(2) is still referenced from table "fktable".
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (should succeed)
+UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=0 WHERE ptest1=4;
+-- Check PKTABLE for updates
+SELECT * FROM PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 
+--------+--------
+      1 | Test1
+      2 | Test2
+      3 | Test3
+      0 | Test4
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+--
+-- Check initial check upon ALTER TABLE
+--
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, NULL);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey"
+DETAIL:  MATCH FULL does not allow mixing of null and nonnull key values.
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- MATCH SIMPLE
+-- Base test restricting update/delete
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int,  CONSTRAINT constrname3
+			FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE);
+-- Insert Primary Key values
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4');
+-- Insert Foreign Key values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5);
+-- Insert a failed values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname3"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1, ftest2, ftest3)=(1, 2, 7) is not present in table "pktable".
+-- Show FKTABLE
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      2 |      3 |      1
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Try to update something that should fail
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname3" on table "fktable"
+DETAIL:  Key (ptest1, ptest2, ptest3)=(1, 2, 3) is still referenced from table "fktable".
+-- Try to update something that should succeed
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=1 WHERE ptest2=3;
+-- Try to delete something that should fail
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=1 and ptest2=2 and ptest3=3;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname3" on table "fktable"
+DETAIL:  Key (ptest1, ptest2, ptest3)=(1, 2, 3) is still referenced from table "fktable".
+-- Try to delete something that should work
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2;
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      2 |      3 | test1
+      1 |      3 |      3 | test2
+      1 |      3 |      4 | test3
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      2 |      3 |      1
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- restrict with null values
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, UNIQUE(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int,  CONSTRAINT constrname3
+			FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE (ptest1, ptest2, ptest3));
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, NULL, 'test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 4, 'test3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1);
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1 = 2;
+SELECT * FROM PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      2 |      3 | test1
+      1 |      3 |        | test2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      2 |      3 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- cascade update/delete
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int,  CONSTRAINT constrname3
+			FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE
+			ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE);
+-- Insert Primary Key values
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4');
+-- Insert Foreign Key values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5);
+-- Insert a failed values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname3"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1, ftest2, ftest3)=(1, 2, 7) is not present in table "pktable".
+-- Show FKTABLE
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      2 |      3 |      1
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Try to update something that will cascade
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2;
+-- Try to update something that should not cascade
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=1 WHERE ptest2=3;
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      2 |      4 |      5 | test4
+      1 |      5 |      3 | test1
+      1 |      3 |      3 | test2
+      1 |      3 |      4 | test3
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+      1 |      5 |      3 |      1
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Try to delete something that should cascade
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=1 and ptest2=5 and ptest3=3;
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      2 |      4 |      5 | test4
+      1 |      3 |      3 | test2
+      1 |      3 |      4 | test3
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Try to delete something that should not have a cascade
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2;
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      3 |      3 | test2
+      1 |      3 |      4 | test3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- set null update / set default delete
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT 0, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int,  CONSTRAINT constrname3
+			FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE
+			ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL);
+-- Insert Primary Key values
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4');
+-- Insert Foreign Key values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5);
+-- Insert a failed values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname3"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1, ftest2, ftest3)=(1, 2, 7) is not present in table "pktable".
+-- Show FKTABLE
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      2 |      3 |      1
+      2 |      3 |      4 |      1
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Try to update something that will set null
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2;
+-- Try to update something that should not set null
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=2 WHERE ptest2=3 and ptest1=1;
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      2 |      3 |      4 | test3
+      2 |      4 |      5 | test4
+      1 |      5 |      3 | test1
+      1 |      2 |      3 | test2
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      2 |      3 |      4 |      1
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+        |        |        |      1
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Try to delete something that should set default
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2 and ptest2=3 and ptest3=4;
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      2 |      4 |      5 | test4
+      1 |      5 |      3 | test1
+      1 |      2 |      3 | test2
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+        |        |        |      1
+      0 |        |        |      1
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Try to delete something that should not set default
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest2=5;
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      2 |      4 |      5 | test4
+      1 |      2 |      3 | test2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+        |        |        |      1
+      0 |        |        |      1
+(6 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- set default update / set null delete
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT 0, ftest2 int DEFAULT -1, ftest3 int DEFAULT -2, ftest4 int, CONSTRAINT constrname3
+			FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE
+			ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT);
+-- Insert Primary Key values
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, -1, 5, 'test5');
+-- Insert Foreign Key values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5);
+-- Insert a failed values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname3"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1, ftest2, ftest3)=(1, 2, 7) is not present in table "pktable".
+-- Show FKTABLE
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      1 |      2 |      3 |      1
+      2 |      3 |      4 |      1
+      2 |      4 |      5 |      1
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Try to update something that will fail
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "constrname3"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1, ftest2, ftest3)=(0, -1, -2) is not present in table "pktable".
+-- Try to update something that will set default
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=0, ptest2=-1, ptest3=-2 where ptest2=2;
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=10 where ptest2=4;
+-- Try to update something that should not set default
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=2 WHERE ptest2=3 and ptest1=1;
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      2 |      3 |      4 | test3
+      2 |     -1 |      5 | test5
+      0 |     -1 |     -2 | test1
+      2 |     10 |      5 | test4
+      1 |      2 |      3 | test2
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      2 |      3 |      4 |      1
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+      0 |     -1 |     -2 |      1
+      0 |     -1 |     -2 |      1
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Try to delete something that should set null
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2 and ptest2=3 and ptest3=4;
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      2 |     -1 |      5 | test5
+      0 |     -1 |     -2 | test1
+      2 |     10 |      5 | test4
+      1 |      2 |      3 | test2
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+      0 |     -1 |     -2 |      1
+      0 |     -1 |     -2 |      1
+        |        |        |      1
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Try to delete something that should not set null
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest2=-1 and ptest3=5;
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+ ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+      0 |     -1 |     -2 | test1
+      2 |     10 |      5 | test4
+      1 |      2 |      3 | test2
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+ ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 
+--------+--------+--------+--------
+        |      2 |      3 |      2
+      2 |        |      3 |      3
+        |      2 |      7 |      4
+        |      3 |      4 |      5
+      0 |     -1 |     -2 |      1
+      0 |     -1 |     -2 |      1
+        |        |        |      1
+(7 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- Test for ON DELETE SET NULL/DEFAULT (column_list);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (tid int, id int, PRIMARY KEY (tid, id));
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (tid int, id int, foo int, FOREIGN KEY (tid, id) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET NULL (bar));
+ERROR:  column "bar" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (tid int, id int, foo int, FOREIGN KEY (tid, id) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET NULL (foo));
+ERROR:  column "foo" referenced in ON DELETE SET action must be part of foreign key
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (tid int, id int, foo int, FOREIGN KEY (tid, foo) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON UPDATE SET NULL (foo));
+ERROR:  a column list with SET NULL is only supported for ON DELETE actions
+LINE 1: ...oo int, FOREIGN KEY (tid, foo) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON UPDATE ...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (
+  tid int, id int,
+  fk_id_del_set_null int,
+  fk_id_del_set_default int DEFAULT 0,
+  FOREIGN KEY (tid, fk_id_del_set_null) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET NULL (fk_id_del_set_null),
+  FOREIGN KEY (tid, fk_id_del_set_default) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET DEFAULT (fk_id_del_set_default)
+);
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid) FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'fktable'::regclass::oid ORDER BY oid;
+                                                pg_get_constraintdef                                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ FOREIGN KEY (tid, fk_id_del_set_null) REFERENCES pktable(tid, id) ON DELETE SET NULL (fk_id_del_set_null)
+ FOREIGN KEY (tid, fk_id_del_set_default) REFERENCES pktable(tid, id) ON DELETE SET DEFAULT (fk_id_del_set_default)
+(2 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES
+  (1, 1, 1, NULL),
+  (1, 2, NULL, 2);
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE id = 1 OR id = 2;
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE ORDER BY id;
+ tid | id | fk_id_del_set_null | fk_id_del_set_default 
+-----+----+--------------------+-----------------------
+   1 |  1 |                    |                      
+   1 |  2 |                    |                     0
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- Test some invalid FK definitions
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, someoid oid);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1 ( ftest1 int, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (ftest2) REFERENCES PKTABLE);
+ERROR:  column "ftest2" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL2 ( ftest1 int, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLE(ptest2));
+ERROR:  column "ptest2" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL3 ( ftest1 int, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (tableoid) REFERENCES PKTABLE(someoid));
+ERROR:  system columns cannot be used in foreign keys
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL4 ( ftest1 oid, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLE(tableoid));
+ERROR:  system columns cannot be used in foreign keys
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- Test for referencing column number smaller than referenced constraint
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 int, UNIQUE(ptest1, ptest2));
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1 (ftest1 int REFERENCES pktable(ptest1));
+ERROR:  there is no unique constraint matching given keys for referenced table "pktable"
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1;
+ERROR:  table "fktable_fail1" does not exist
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+--
+-- Tests for mismatched types
+--
+-- Basic one column, two table setup
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES(42);
+-- This next should fail, because int=inet does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 inet REFERENCES pktable);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+-- This should also fail for the same reason, but here we
+-- give the column name
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 inet REFERENCES pktable(ptest1));
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+-- This should succeed, even though they are different types,
+-- because int=int8 exists and is a member of the integer opfamily
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int8 REFERENCES pktable);
+-- Check it actually works
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(42);		-- should succeed
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(43);		-- should fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1)=(43) is not present in table "pktable".
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = ftest1;	-- should succeed
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = ftest1 + 1;	-- should fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1)=(43) is not present in table "pktable".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- This should fail, because we'd have to cast numeric to int which is
+-- not an implicit coercion (or use numeric=numeric, but that's not part
+-- of the integer opfamily)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 numeric REFERENCES pktable);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: numeric and integer.
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- On the other hand, this should work because int implicitly promotes to
+-- numeric, and we allow promotion on the FK side
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 numeric PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES(42);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int REFERENCES pktable);
+-- Check it actually works
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(42);		-- should succeed
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(43);		-- should fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1)=(43) is not present in table "pktable".
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = ftest1;	-- should succeed
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = ftest1 + 1;	-- should fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1)=(43) is not present in table "pktable".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- Two columns, two tables
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2));
+-- This should fail, because we just chose really odd types
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 timestamp, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: cidr and integer.
+-- Again, so should this...
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 timestamp, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2));
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: cidr and integer.
+-- This fails because we mixed up the column ordering
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest2_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest2" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+-- As does this...
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2));
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest2_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest2" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+-- And again..
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1));
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest2" are of incompatible types: integer and inet.
+-- This works...
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1));
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- As does this
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2));
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- Two columns, same table
+-- Make sure this still works...
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3,
+ptest4) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2));
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- And this,
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3,
+ptest4) REFERENCES pktable);
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- This shouldn't (mixed up columns)
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3,
+ptest4) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1));
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "pktable_ptest3_ptest4_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ptest3" and "ptest2" are of incompatible types: integer and inet.
+-- Nor should this... (same reason, we have 4,3 referencing 1,2 which mismatches types
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest4,
+ptest3) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2));
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "pktable_ptest4_ptest3_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ptest4" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+-- Not this one either... Same as the last one except we didn't defined the columns being referenced.
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest4,
+ptest3) REFERENCES pktable);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "pktable_ptest4_ptest3_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ptest4" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+--
+-- Now some cases with inheritance
+-- Basic 2 table case: 1 column of matching types.
+create table pktable_base (base1 int not null);
+create table pktable (ptest1 int, primary key(base1), unique(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+create table fktable (ftest1 int references pktable(base1));
+-- now some ins, upd, del
+insert into pktable(base1) values (1);
+insert into pktable(base1) values (2);
+--  let's insert a non-existent fktable value
+insert into fktable(ftest1) values (3);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1)=(3) is not present in table "pktable".
+--  let's make a valid row for that
+insert into pktable(base1) values (3);
+insert into fktable(ftest1) values (3);
+-- let's try removing a row that should fail from pktable
+delete from pktable where base1>2;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktable"
+DETAIL:  Key (base1)=(3) is still referenced from table "fktable".
+-- okay, let's try updating all of the base1 values to *4
+-- which should fail.
+update pktable set base1=base1*4;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktable"
+DETAIL:  Key (base1)=(3) is still referenced from table "fktable".
+-- okay, let's try an update that should work.
+update pktable set base1=base1*4 where base1<3;
+-- and a delete that should work
+delete from pktable where base1>3;
+-- cleanup
+drop table fktable;
+delete from pktable;
+-- Now 2 columns 2 tables, matching types
+create table fktable (ftest1 int, ftest2 int, foreign key(ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1));
+-- now some ins, upd, del
+insert into pktable(base1, ptest1) values (1, 1);
+insert into pktable(base1, ptest1) values (2, 2);
+--  let's insert a non-existent fktable value
+insert into fktable(ftest1, ftest2) values (3, 1);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (ftest1, ftest2)=(3, 1) is not present in table "pktable".
+--  let's make a valid row for that
+insert into pktable(base1,ptest1) values (3, 1);
+insert into fktable(ftest1, ftest2) values (3, 1);
+-- let's try removing a row that should fail from pktable
+delete from pktable where base1>2;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey" on table "fktable"
+DETAIL:  Key (base1, ptest1)=(3, 1) is still referenced from table "fktable".
+-- okay, let's try updating all of the base1 values to *4
+-- which should fail.
+update pktable set base1=base1*4;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey" on table "fktable"
+DETAIL:  Key (base1, ptest1)=(3, 1) is still referenced from table "fktable".
+-- okay, let's try an update that should work.
+update pktable set base1=base1*4 where base1<3;
+-- and a delete that should work
+delete from pktable where base1>3;
+-- cleanup
+drop table fktable;
+drop table pktable;
+drop table pktable_base;
+-- Now we'll do one all in 1 table with 2 columns of matching types
+create table pktable_base(base1 int not null, base2 int);
+create table pktable(ptest1 int, ptest2 int, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references
+                                             pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (1, 1, 1, 1);
+insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 1, 1, 1);
+insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 2, 2, 1);
+insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (1, 3, 2, 2);
+-- fails (3,2) isn't in base1, ptest1
+insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 3, 3, 2);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "pktable_base2_ptest2_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (base2, ptest2)=(3, 2) is not present in table "pktable".
+-- fails (2,2) is being referenced
+delete from pktable where base1=2;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "pktable_base2_ptest2_fkey" on table "pktable"
+DETAIL:  Key (base1, ptest1)=(2, 2) is still referenced from table "pktable".
+-- fails (1,1) is being referenced (twice)
+update pktable set base1=3 where base1=1;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "pktable_base2_ptest2_fkey" on table "pktable"
+DETAIL:  Key (base1, ptest1)=(1, 1) is still referenced from table "pktable".
+-- this sequence of two deletes will work, since after the first there will be no (2,*) references
+delete from pktable where base2=2;
+delete from pktable where base1=2;
+drop table pktable;
+drop table pktable_base;
+-- 2 columns (2 tables), mismatched types
+create table pktable_base(base1 int not null);
+create table pktable(ptest1 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+-- just generally bad types (with and without column references on the referenced table)
+create table fktable(ftest1 cidr, ftest2 int[], foreign key (ftest1, ftest2) references pktable);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "base1" are of incompatible types: cidr and integer.
+create table fktable(ftest1 cidr, ftest2 int[], foreign key (ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1));
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "base1" are of incompatible types: cidr and integer.
+-- let's mix up which columns reference which
+create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest2, ftest1) references pktable);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest2_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest2" and "base1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest2, ftest1) references pktable(base1, ptest1));
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest2_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest2" and "base1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(ptest1, base1));
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fktable_ftest1_ftest2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ftest1" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: integer and inet.
+drop table pktable;
+drop table pktable_base;
+-- 2 columns (1 table), mismatched types
+create table pktable_base(base1 int not null, base2 int);
+create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet[], primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references
+                                             pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "pktable_base2_ptest2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ptest2" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: inet[] and inet.
+create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references
+                                             pktable(ptest1, base1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "pktable_base2_ptest2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "base2" and "ptest1" are of incompatible types: integer and inet.
+create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(ptest2, base2) references
+                                             pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "pktable_ptest2_base2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ptest2" and "base1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(ptest2, base2) references
+                                             pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "pktable_ptest2_base2_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "ptest2" and "base1" are of incompatible types: inet and integer.
+drop table pktable;
+ERROR:  table "pktable" does not exist
+drop table pktable_base;
+--
+-- Deferrable constraints
+--
+-- deferrable, explicitly deferred
+CREATE TABLE pktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	other	INT4
+);
+CREATE TABLE fktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	fk		INT4 REFERENCES pktable DEFERRABLE
+);
+-- default to immediate: should fail
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (5, 10);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_fk_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (fk)=(10) is not present in table "pktable".
+-- explicitly defer the constraint
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (10, 15);
+INSERT INTO pktable VALUES (15, 0); -- make the FK insert valid
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE fktable, pktable;
+-- deferrable, initially deferred
+CREATE TABLE pktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	other	INT4
+);
+CREATE TABLE fktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	fk		INT4 REFERENCES pktable DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
+);
+-- default to deferred, should succeed
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (100, 200);
+INSERT INTO pktable VALUES (200, 500); -- make the FK insert valid
+COMMIT;
+-- default to deferred, explicitly make immediate
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
+-- should fail
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (500, 1000);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_fk_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (fk)=(1000) is not present in table "pktable".
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE fktable, pktable;
+-- tricky behavior: according to SQL99, if a deferred constraint is set
+-- to 'immediate' mode, it should be checked for validity *immediately*,
+-- not when the current transaction commits (i.e. the mode change applies
+-- retroactively)
+CREATE TABLE pktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	other	INT4
+);
+CREATE TABLE fktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	fk		INT4 REFERENCES pktable DEFERRABLE
+);
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;
+-- should succeed, for now
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (1000, 2000);
+-- should cause transaction abort, due to preceding error
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_fk_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (fk)=(2000) is not present in table "pktable".
+INSERT INTO pktable VALUES (2000, 3); -- too late
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE fktable, pktable;
+-- deferrable, initially deferred
+CREATE TABLE pktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	other	INT4
+);
+CREATE TABLE fktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	fk		INT4 REFERENCES pktable DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
+);
+BEGIN;
+-- no error here
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (100, 200);
+-- error here on commit
+COMMIT;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_fk_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (fk)=(200) is not present in table "pktable".
+DROP TABLE pktable, fktable;
+-- test notice about expensive referential integrity checks,
+-- where the index cannot be used because of type incompatibilities.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE pktable (
+        id1     INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+        id2     VARCHAR(4) UNIQUE,
+        id3     REAL UNIQUE,
+        UNIQUE(id1, id2, id3)
+);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE fktable (
+        x1      INT4 REFERENCES pktable(id1),
+        x2      VARCHAR(4) REFERENCES pktable(id2),
+        x3      REAL REFERENCES pktable(id3),
+        x4      TEXT,
+        x5      INT2
+);
+-- check individual constraints with alter table.
+-- should fail
+-- varchar does not promote to real
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_2_3
+FOREIGN KEY (x2) REFERENCES pktable(id3);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fk_2_3" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "x2" and "id3" are of incompatible types: character varying and real.
+-- nor to int4
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_2_1
+FOREIGN KEY (x2) REFERENCES pktable(id1);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fk_2_1" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "x2" and "id1" are of incompatible types: character varying and integer.
+-- real does not promote to int4
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_3_1
+FOREIGN KEY (x3) REFERENCES pktable(id1);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fk_3_1" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "x3" and "id1" are of incompatible types: real and integer.
+-- int4 does not promote to text
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_1_2
+FOREIGN KEY (x1) REFERENCES pktable(id2);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fk_1_2" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "x1" and "id2" are of incompatible types: integer and character varying.
+-- should succeed
+-- int4 promotes to real
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_1_3
+FOREIGN KEY (x1) REFERENCES pktable(id3);
+-- text is compatible with varchar
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_4_2
+FOREIGN KEY (x4) REFERENCES pktable(id2);
+-- int2 is part of integer opfamily as of 8.0
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_5_1
+FOREIGN KEY (x5) REFERENCES pktable(id1);
+-- check multikey cases, especially out-of-order column lists
+-- these should work
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_123_123
+FOREIGN KEY (x1,x2,x3) REFERENCES pktable(id1,id2,id3);
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_213_213
+FOREIGN KEY (x2,x1,x3) REFERENCES pktable(id2,id1,id3);
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_253_213
+FOREIGN KEY (x2,x5,x3) REFERENCES pktable(id2,id1,id3);
+-- these should fail
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_123_231
+FOREIGN KEY (x1,x2,x3) REFERENCES pktable(id2,id3,id1);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fk_123_231" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "x1" and "id2" are of incompatible types: integer and character varying.
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_241_132
+FOREIGN KEY (x2,x4,x1) REFERENCES pktable(id1,id3,id2);
+ERROR:  foreign key constraint "fk_241_132" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL:  Key columns "x2" and "id1" are of incompatible types: character varying and integer.
+DROP TABLE pktable, fktable;
+-- test a tricky case: we can elide firing the FK check trigger during
+-- an UPDATE if the UPDATE did not change the foreign key
+-- field. However, we can't do this if our transaction was the one that
+-- created the updated row and the trigger is deferred, since our UPDATE
+-- will have invalidated the original newly-inserted tuple, and therefore
+-- cause the on-INSERT RI trigger not to be fired.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE pktable (
+    id int primary key,
+    other int
+);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE fktable (
+    id int primary key,
+    fk int references pktable deferrable initially deferred
+);
+INSERT INTO pktable VALUES (5, 10);
+BEGIN;
+-- doesn't match PK, but no error yet
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (0, 20);
+-- don't change FK
+UPDATE fktable SET id = id + 1;
+-- should catch error from initial INSERT
+COMMIT;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_fk_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (fk)=(20) is not present in table "pktable".
+-- check same case when insert is in a different subtransaction than update
+BEGIN;
+-- doesn't match PK, but no error yet
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (0, 20);
+-- UPDATE will be in a subxact
+SAVEPOINT savept1;
+-- don't change FK
+UPDATE fktable SET id = id + 1;
+-- should catch error from initial INSERT
+COMMIT;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_fk_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (fk)=(20) is not present in table "pktable".
+BEGIN;
+-- INSERT will be in a subxact
+SAVEPOINT savept1;
+-- doesn't match PK, but no error yet
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (0, 20);
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT savept1;
+-- don't change FK
+UPDATE fktable SET id = id + 1;
+-- should catch error from initial INSERT
+COMMIT;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_fk_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (fk)=(20) is not present in table "pktable".
+BEGIN;
+-- doesn't match PK, but no error yet
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (0, 20);
+-- UPDATE will be in a subxact
+SAVEPOINT savept1;
+-- don't change FK
+UPDATE fktable SET id = id + 1;
+-- Roll back the UPDATE
+ROLLBACK TO savept1;
+-- should catch error from initial INSERT
+COMMIT;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_fk_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (fk)=(20) is not present in table "pktable".
+--
+-- check ALTER CONSTRAINT
+--
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (1, 5);
+ALTER TABLE fktable ALTER CONSTRAINT fktable_fk_fkey DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE;
+BEGIN;
+-- doesn't match FK, should throw error now
+UPDATE pktable SET id = 10 WHERE id = 5;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_fk_fkey" on table "fktable"
+DETAIL:  Key (id)=(5) is still referenced from table "fktable".
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+-- doesn't match PK, should throw error now
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (0, 20);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable" violates foreign key constraint "fktable_fk_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (fk)=(20) is not present in table "pktable".
+COMMIT;
+-- try additional syntax
+ALTER TABLE fktable ALTER CONSTRAINT fktable_fk_fkey NOT DEFERRABLE;
+-- illegal option
+ALTER TABLE fktable ALTER CONSTRAINT fktable_fk_fkey NOT DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+ERROR:  constraint declared INITIALLY DEFERRED must be DEFERRABLE
+LINE 1: ...e ALTER CONSTRAINT fktable_fk_fkey NOT DEFERRABLE INITIALLY ...
+                                                             ^
+-- test order of firing of FK triggers when several RI-induced changes need to
+-- be made to the same row.  This was broken by subtransaction-related
+-- changes in 8.0.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE users (
+  id INT PRIMARY KEY,
+  name VARCHAR NOT NULL
+);
+INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, 'Jozko');
+INSERT INTO users VALUES (2, 'Ferko');
+INSERT INTO users VALUES (3, 'Samko');
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tasks (
+  id INT PRIMARY KEY,
+  owner INT REFERENCES users ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE SET NULL,
+  worker INT REFERENCES users ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE SET NULL,
+  checked_by INT REFERENCES users ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE SET NULL
+);
+INSERT INTO tasks VALUES (1,1,NULL,NULL);
+INSERT INTO tasks VALUES (2,2,2,NULL);
+INSERT INTO tasks VALUES (3,3,3,3);
+SELECT * FROM tasks;
+ id | owner | worker | checked_by 
+----+-------+--------+------------
+  1 |     1 |        |           
+  2 |     2 |      2 |           
+  3 |     3 |      3 |          3
+(3 rows)
+
+UPDATE users SET id = 4 WHERE id = 3;
+SELECT * FROM tasks;
+ id | owner | worker | checked_by 
+----+-------+--------+------------
+  1 |     1 |        |           
+  2 |     2 |      2 |           
+  3 |     4 |      4 |          4
+(3 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 4;
+SELECT * FROM tasks;
+ id | owner | worker | checked_by 
+----+-------+--------+------------
+  1 |     1 |        |           
+  2 |     2 |      2 |           
+  3 |       |        |           
+(3 rows)
+
+-- could fail with only 2 changes to make, if row was already updated
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE tasks set id=id WHERE id=2;
+SELECT * FROM tasks;
+ id | owner | worker | checked_by 
+----+-------+--------+------------
+  1 |     1 |        |           
+  3 |       |        |           
+  2 |     2 |      2 |           
+(3 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 2;
+SELECT * FROM tasks;
+ id | owner | worker | checked_by 
+----+-------+--------+------------
+  1 |     1 |        |           
+  3 |       |        |           
+  2 |       |        |           
+(3 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+--
+-- Test self-referential FK with CASCADE (bug #6268)
+--
+create temp table selfref (
+    a int primary key,
+    b int,
+    foreign key (b) references selfref (a)
+        on update cascade on delete cascade
+);
+insert into selfref (a, b)
+values
+    (0, 0),
+    (1, 1);
+begin;
+    update selfref set a = 123 where a = 0;
+    select a, b from selfref;
+  a  |  b  
+-----+-----
+   1 |   1
+ 123 | 123
+(2 rows)
+
+    update selfref set a = 456 where a = 123;
+    select a, b from selfref;
+  a  |  b  
+-----+-----
+   1 |   1
+ 456 | 456
+(2 rows)
+
+commit;
+--
+-- Test that SET DEFAULT actions recognize updates to default values
+--
+create temp table defp (f1 int primary key);
+create temp table defc (f1 int default 0
+                        references defp on delete set default);
+insert into defp values (0), (1), (2);
+insert into defc values (2);
+select * from defc;
+ f1 
+----
+  2
+(1 row)
+
+delete from defp where f1 = 2;
+select * from defc;
+ f1 
+----
+  0
+(1 row)
+
+delete from defp where f1 = 0; -- fail
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "defp" violates foreign key constraint "defc_f1_fkey" on table "defc"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(0) is still referenced from table "defc".
+alter table defc alter column f1 set default 1;
+delete from defp where f1 = 0;
+select * from defc;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+delete from defp where f1 = 1; -- fail
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "defp" violates foreign key constraint "defc_f1_fkey" on table "defc"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(1) is still referenced from table "defc".
+--
+-- Test the difference between NO ACTION and RESTRICT
+--
+create temp table pp (f1 int primary key);
+create temp table cc (f1 int references pp on update no action on delete no action);
+insert into pp values(12);
+insert into pp values(11);
+update pp set f1=f1+1;
+insert into cc values(13);
+update pp set f1=f1+1;
+update pp set f1=f1+1; -- fail
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pp" violates foreign key constraint "cc_f1_fkey" on table "cc"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(13) is still referenced from table "cc".
+delete from pp where f1 = 13; -- fail
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pp" violates foreign key constraint "cc_f1_fkey" on table "cc"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(13) is still referenced from table "cc".
+drop table pp, cc;
+create temp table pp (f1 int primary key);
+create temp table cc (f1 int references pp on update restrict on delete restrict);
+insert into pp values(12);
+insert into pp values(11);
+update pp set f1=f1+1;
+insert into cc values(13);
+update pp set f1=f1+1; -- fail
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pp" violates foreign key constraint "cc_f1_fkey" on table "cc"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(13) is still referenced from table "cc".
+delete from pp where f1 = 13; -- fail
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pp" violates foreign key constraint "cc_f1_fkey" on table "cc"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(13) is still referenced from table "cc".
+drop table pp, cc;
+--
+-- Test interaction of foreign-key optimization with rules (bug #14219)
+--
+create temp table t1 (a integer primary key, b text);
+create temp table t2 (a integer primary key, b integer references t1);
+create rule r1 as on delete to t1 do delete from t2 where t2.b = old.a;
+explain (costs off) delete from t1 where a = 1;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Delete on t2
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Index Scan using t1_pkey on t1
+               Index Cond: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on t2
+               Filter: (b = 1)
+ 
+ Delete on t1
+   ->  Index Scan using t1_pkey on t1
+         Index Cond: (a = 1)
+(10 rows)
+
+delete from t1 where a = 1;
+-- Test a primary key with attributes located in later attnum positions
+-- compared to the fk attributes.
+create table pktable2 (a int, b int, c int, d int, e int, primary key (d, e));
+create table fktable2 (d int, e int, foreign key (d, e) references pktable2);
+insert into pktable2 values (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+insert into fktable2 values (4, 5);
+delete from pktable2;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable2" violates foreign key constraint "fktable2_d_e_fkey" on table "fktable2"
+DETAIL:  Key (d, e)=(4, 5) is still referenced from table "fktable2".
+update pktable2 set d = 5;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pktable2" violates foreign key constraint "fktable2_d_e_fkey" on table "fktable2"
+DETAIL:  Key (d, e)=(4, 5) is still referenced from table "fktable2".
+drop table pktable2, fktable2;
+-- Test truncation of long foreign key names
+create table pktable1 (a int primary key);
+create table pktable2 (a int, b int, primary key (a, b));
+create table fktable2 (
+  a int,
+  b int,
+  very_very_long_column_name_to_exceed_63_characters int,
+  foreign key (very_very_long_column_name_to_exceed_63_characters) references pktable1,
+  foreign key (a, very_very_long_column_name_to_exceed_63_characters) references pktable2,
+  foreign key (a, very_very_long_column_name_to_exceed_63_characters) references pktable2
+);
+select conname from pg_constraint where conrelid = 'fktable2'::regclass order by conname;
+                             conname                             
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ fktable2_a_very_very_long_column_name_to_exceed_63_charac_fkey1
+ fktable2_a_very_very_long_column_name_to_exceed_63_charact_fkey
+ fktable2_very_very_long_column_name_to_exceed_63_character_fkey
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table pktable1, pktable2, fktable2;
+--
+-- Test deferred FK check on a tuple deleted by a rolled-back subtransaction
+--
+create table pktable2(f1 int primary key);
+create table fktable2(f1 int references pktable2 deferrable initially deferred);
+insert into pktable2 values(1);
+begin;
+insert into fktable2 values(1);
+savepoint x;
+delete from fktable2;
+rollback to x;
+commit;
+begin;
+insert into fktable2 values(2);
+savepoint x;
+delete from fktable2;
+rollback to x;
+commit; -- fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fktable2" violates foreign key constraint "fktable2_f1_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(2) is not present in table "pktable2".
+--
+-- Test that we prevent dropping FK constraint with pending trigger events
+--
+begin;
+insert into fktable2 values(2);
+alter table fktable2 drop constraint fktable2_f1_fkey;
+ERROR:  cannot ALTER TABLE "fktable2" because it has pending trigger events
+commit;
+begin;
+delete from pktable2 where f1 = 1;
+alter table fktable2 drop constraint fktable2_f1_fkey;
+ERROR:  cannot ALTER TABLE "pktable2" because it has pending trigger events
+commit;
+drop table pktable2, fktable2;
+--
+-- Test keys that "look" different but compare as equal
+--
+create table pktable2 (a float8, b float8, primary key (a, b));
+create table fktable2 (x float8, y float8, foreign key (x, y) references pktable2 (a, b) on update cascade);
+insert into pktable2 values ('-0', '-0');
+insert into fktable2 values ('-0', '-0');
+select * from pktable2;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+ -0 | -0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from fktable2;
+ x  | y  
+----+----
+ -0 | -0
+(1 row)
+
+update pktable2 set a = '0' where a = '-0';
+select * from pktable2;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 0 | -0
+(1 row)
+
+-- should have updated fktable2.x
+select * from fktable2;
+ x | y  
+---+----
+ 0 | -0
+(1 row)
+
+drop table pktable2, fktable2;
+--
+-- Foreign keys and partitioned tables
+--
+-- Creation of a partitioned hierarchy with irregular definitions
+CREATE TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk (fdrop1 int, a int, fdrop2 int, b int,
+  PRIMARY KEY (a, b));
+ALTER TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk DROP COLUMN fdrop1, DROP COLUMN fdrop2;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk (b int, fdrop1 int, a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, b);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP COLUMN fdrop1;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_1 (fdrop1 int, fdrop2 int, a int, fdrop3 int, b int);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_1 DROP COLUMN fdrop1, DROP COLUMN fdrop2, DROP COLUMN fdrop3;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_1 FOR VALUES FROM (0,0) TO (1000,1000);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 (b int, fdrop1 int, fdrop2 int, a int);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 DROP COLUMN fdrop1, DROP COLUMN fdrop2;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2 FOR VALUES FROM (1000,1000) TO (2000,2000);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_3 (fdrop1 int, fdrop2 int, fdrop3 int, fdrop4 int, b int, a int)
+  PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_3 DROP COLUMN fdrop1, DROP COLUMN fdrop2,
+	DROP COLUMN fdrop3, DROP COLUMN fdrop4;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_3_0 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_3 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 5, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_3_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_3 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 5, REMAINDER 1);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_3
+  FOR VALUES FROM (2000,2000) TO (3000,3000);
+-- Creating a foreign key with ONLY on a partitioned table referencing
+-- a non-partitioned table fails.
+ALTER TABLE ONLY fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk;
+ERROR:  cannot use ONLY for foreign key on partitioned table "fk_partitioned_fk" referencing relation "fk_notpartitioned_pk"
+-- Adding a NOT VALID foreign key on a partitioned table referencing
+-- a non-partitioned table fails.
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk NOT VALID;
+ERROR:  cannot add NOT VALID foreign key on partitioned table "fk_partitioned_fk" referencing relation "fk_notpartitioned_pk"
+DETAIL:  This feature is not yet supported on partitioned tables.
+-- these inserts, targeting both the partition directly as well as the
+-- partitioned table, should all fail
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (500, 501);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(500, 501) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_1 (a,b) VALUES (500, 501);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(500, 501) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (1500, 1501);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(1500, 1501) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_2 (a,b) VALUES (1500, 1501);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(1500, 1501) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (2500, 2502);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_3_1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(2500, 2502) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a,b) VALUES (2500, 2502);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_3_1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(2500, 2502) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (2501, 2503);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_3_0" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(2501, 2503) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a,b) VALUES (2501, 2503);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_3_0" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(2501, 2503) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+-- but if we insert the values that make them valid, then they work
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (500, 501), (1500, 1501),
+  (2500, 2502), (2501, 2503);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (500, 501);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (1500, 1501);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (2500, 2502);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (2501, 2503);
+-- this update fails because there is no referenced row
+UPDATE fk_partitioned_fk SET a = a + 1 WHERE a = 2501;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_3_1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(2502, 2503) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+-- but we can fix it thusly:
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk (a,b) VALUES (2502, 2503);
+UPDATE fk_partitioned_fk SET a = a + 1 WHERE a = 2501;
+-- these updates would leave lingering rows in the referencing table; disallow
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET b = 502 WHERE a = 500;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "fk_notpartitioned_pk" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey" on table "fk_partitioned_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(500, 501) is still referenced from table "fk_partitioned_fk".
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET b = 1502 WHERE a = 1500;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "fk_notpartitioned_pk" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey" on table "fk_partitioned_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(1500, 1501) is still referenced from table "fk_partitioned_fk".
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET b = 2504 WHERE a = 2500;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "fk_notpartitioned_pk" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey" on table "fk_partitioned_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(2500, 2502) is still referenced from table "fk_partitioned_fk".
+-- check psql behavior
+\d fk_notpartitioned_pk
+        Table "public.fk_notpartitioned_pk"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+ b      | integer |           | not null | 
+Indexes:
+    "fk_notpartitioned_pk_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a, b)
+Referenced by:
+    TABLE "fk_partitioned_fk" CONSTRAINT "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b)
+
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP CONSTRAINT fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey;
+-- done.
+DROP TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk, fk_partitioned_fk;
+-- Altering a type referenced by a foreign key needs to drop/recreate the FK.
+-- Ensure that works.
+CREATE TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk (a INT, PRIMARY KEY(a), CHECK (a > 0));
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk (a INT REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a) PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE) TO (MAXVALUE);
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk ALTER COLUMN a TYPE bigint;
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "fk_notpartitioned_pk" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_fkey" on table "fk_partitioned_fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) is still referenced from table "fk_partitioned_fk".
+DROP TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk, fk_partitioned_fk;
+-- Test some other exotic foreign key features: MATCH SIMPLE, ON UPDATE/DELETE
+-- actions
+CREATE TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk (a int, b int, primary key (a, b));
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk (a int default 2501, b int default 142857) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk FOR VALUES IN (NULL,500,501,502);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk MATCH SIMPLE
+  ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk FOR VALUES IN (1500,1502);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a int, b int);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_3 FOR VALUES IN (2500,2501,2502,2503);
+-- this insert fails
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a, b) VALUES (2502, 2503);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_3" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(2502, 2503) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a, b) VALUES (2502, 2503);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_3" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(2502, 2503) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+-- but since the FK is MATCH SIMPLE, this one doesn't
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a, b) VALUES (2502, NULL);
+-- now create the referenced row ...
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (2502, 2503);
+--- and now the same insert work
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a, b) VALUES (2502, 2503);
+-- this always works
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (NULL, NULL);
+-- MATCH FULL
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (1, 2);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_full (x int, y int) PARTITION BY RANGE (x);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_full_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_full DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_full VALUES (1, NULL);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_full ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, y) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk MATCH FULL;  -- fails
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_full_1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_full_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL:  MATCH FULL does not allow mixing of null and nonnull key values.
+TRUNCATE fk_partitioned_fk_full;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_full ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, y) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk MATCH FULL;
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_full VALUES (1, NULL);  -- fails
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_full_1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_full_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL:  MATCH FULL does not allow mixing of null and nonnull key values.
+DROP TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_full;
+-- ON UPDATE SET NULL
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, a, b FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE b IS NULL ORDER BY a;
+      tableoid       |  a   | b 
+---------------------+------+---
+ fk_partitioned_fk_3 | 2502 |  
+ fk_partitioned_fk_1 |      |  
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET a = a + 1 WHERE a = 2502;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, a, b FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE b IS NULL ORDER BY a;
+      tableoid       |  a   | b 
+---------------------+------+---
+ fk_partitioned_fk_3 | 2502 |  
+ fk_partitioned_fk_1 |      |  
+ fk_partitioned_fk_1 |      |  
+(3 rows)
+
+-- ON DELETE SET NULL
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk VALUES (2503, 2503);
+SELECT count(*) FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE a IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk;
+SELECT count(*) FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE a IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- ON UPDATE/DELETE SET DEFAULT
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP CONSTRAINT fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk
+  ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (2502, 2503);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a, b) VALUES (2502, 2503);
+-- this fails, because the defaults for the referencing table are not present
+-- in the referenced table:
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET a = 1500 WHERE a = 2502;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_3" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(2501, 142857) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+-- but inserting the row we can make it work:
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (2501, 142857);
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET a = 1500 WHERE a = 2502;
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE b = 142857;
+  a   |   b    
+------+--------
+ 2501 | 142857
+(1 row)
+
+-- ON DELETE SET NULL column_list
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP CONSTRAINT fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk
+  ON DELETE SET NULL (a);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk WHERE b = 142857;
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE a IS NOT NULL OR b IS NOT NULL ORDER BY a NULLS LAST;
+  a   |   b    
+------+--------
+ 2502 |       
+      | 142857
+(2 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- ON DELETE SET DEFAULT column_list
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP CONSTRAINT fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk
+  ON DELETE SET DEFAULT (a);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM fk_partitioned_fk;
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk;
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (500, 100000), (2501, 100000);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk VALUES (500, 100000);
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk WHERE a = 500;
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk ORDER BY a;
+  a   |   b    
+------+--------
+ 2501 | 100000
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- ON UPDATE/DELETE CASCADE
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP CONSTRAINT fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET a = 2502 WHERE a = 2501;
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE b = 142857;
+  a   |   b    
+------+--------
+ 2502 | 142857
+(1 row)
+
+-- Now you see it ...
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE b = 142857;
+  a   |   b    
+------+--------
+ 2502 | 142857
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk WHERE b = 142857;
+-- now you don't.
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE a = 142857;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- verify that DROP works
+DROP TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2;
+-- Test behavior of the constraint together with attaching and detaching
+-- partitions.
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk FOR VALUES IN (1500,1502);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DETACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2;
+BEGIN;
+DROP TABLE fk_partitioned_fk;
+-- constraint should still be there
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_2;
+        Table "public.fk_partitioned_fk_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 2501
+ b      | integer |           |          | 142857
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+
+ROLLBACK;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2 FOR VALUES IN (1500,1502);
+DROP TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 (b int, c text, a int,
+	FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 DROP COLUMN c;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2 FOR VALUES IN (1500,1502);
+-- should have only one constraint
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_2
+        Table "public.fk_partitioned_fk_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: fk_partitioned_fk FOR VALUES IN (1500, 1502)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    TABLE "fk_partitioned_fk" CONSTRAINT "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+
+DROP TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_4 (a int, b int, FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE) PARTITION BY RANGE (b, a);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_4_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_4 FOR VALUES FROM (1,1) TO (100,100);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_4_2 (a int, b int, FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE SET NULL);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_4 ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_4_2 FOR VALUES FROM (100,100) TO (1000,1000);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_4 FOR VALUES IN (3500,3502);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DETACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_4;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_4 FOR VALUES IN (3500,3502);
+-- should only have one constraint
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_4
+  Partitioned table "public.fk_partitioned_fk_4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: fk_partitioned_fk FOR VALUES IN (3500, 3502)
+Partition key: RANGE (b, a)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    TABLE "fk_partitioned_fk" CONSTRAINT "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+Number of partitions: 2 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_4_1
+       Table "public.fk_partitioned_fk_4_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: fk_partitioned_fk_4 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 1) TO (100, 100)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    TABLE "fk_partitioned_fk" CONSTRAINT "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+
+-- this one has an FK with mismatched properties
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_4_2
+       Table "public.fk_partitioned_fk_4_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: fk_partitioned_fk_4 FOR VALUES FROM (100, 100) TO (1000, 1000)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "fk_partitioned_fk_4_2_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE SET NULL
+    TABLE "fk_partitioned_fk" CONSTRAINT "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_5 (a int, b int,
+	FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE DEFERRABLE,
+	FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) MATCH FULL ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_5_1 (a int, b int, FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5 FOR VALUES IN (4500);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_5 ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5_1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DETACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5 FOR VALUES IN (4500);
+-- this one has two constraints, similar but not quite the one in the parent,
+-- so it gets a new one
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_5
+  Partitioned table "public.fk_partitioned_fk_5"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: fk_partitioned_fk FOR VALUES IN (4500)
+Partition key: RANGE (a)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "fk_partitioned_fk_5_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE DEFERRABLE
+    "fk_partitioned_fk_5_a_b_fkey1" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) MATCH FULL ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+    TABLE "fk_partitioned_fk" CONSTRAINT "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+-- verify that it works to reattaching a child with multiple candidate
+-- constraints
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_5 DETACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5_1;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_5 ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5_1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_5_1
+       Table "public.fk_partitioned_fk_5_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: fk_partitioned_fk_5 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "fk_partitioned_fk_5_1_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b)
+    TABLE "fk_partitioned_fk_5" CONSTRAINT "fk_partitioned_fk_5_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE DEFERRABLE
+    TABLE "fk_partitioned_fk_5" CONSTRAINT "fk_partitioned_fk_5_a_b_fkey1" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) MATCH FULL ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+    TABLE "fk_partitioned_fk" CONSTRAINT "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+
+-- verify that attaching a table checks that the existing data satisfies the
+-- constraint
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 (a int, b int) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_2 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2_2 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_2 FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_2 VALUES (1600, 601), (1600, 1601);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2
+  FOR VALUES IN (1600);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_partitioned_fk_2_1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(1600, 601) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (1600, 601), (1600, 1601);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2
+  FOR VALUES IN (1600);
+-- leave these tables around intentionally
+-- test the case when the referenced table is owned by a different user
+create role regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+grant references on fk_notpartitioned_pk to regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+set role regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+create table other_partitioned_fk(a int, b int) partition by list (a);
+create table other_partitioned_fk_1 partition of other_partitioned_fk
+  for values in (2048);
+insert into other_partitioned_fk
+  select 2048, x from generate_series(1,10) x;
+-- this should fail
+alter table other_partitioned_fk add foreign key (a, b)
+  references fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "other_partitioned_fk_1" violates foreign key constraint "other_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(2048, 1) is not present in table "fk_notpartitioned_pk".
+-- add the missing keys and retry
+reset role;
+insert into fk_notpartitioned_pk (a, b)
+  select 2048, x from generate_series(1,10) x;
+set role regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+alter table other_partitioned_fk add foreign key (a, b)
+  references fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b);
+-- clean up
+drop table other_partitioned_fk;
+reset role;
+revoke all on fk_notpartitioned_pk from regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+drop role regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+--
+-- Test self-referencing foreign key with partition.
+-- This should create only one fk constraint per partition
+--
+CREATE TABLE parted_self_fk (
+    id bigint NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    id_abc bigint,
+    FOREIGN KEY (id_abc) REFERENCES parted_self_fk(id)
+)
+PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+CREATE TABLE part1_self_fk (
+    id bigint NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    id_abc bigint
+);
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk ATTACH PARTITION part1_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE part2_self_fk PARTITION OF parted_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+CREATE TABLE part3_self_fk (	-- a partitioned partition
+	id bigint NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+	id_abc bigint
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+CREATE TABLE part32_self_fk PARTITION OF part3_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk ATTACH PARTITION part3_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (40);
+CREATE TABLE part33_self_fk (
+	id bigint NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+	id_abc bigint
+);
+ALTER TABLE part3_self_fk ATTACH PARTITION part33_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (40);
+SELECT cr.relname, co.conname, co.contype, co.convalidated,
+       p.conname AS conparent, p.convalidated, cf.relname AS foreignrel
+FROM pg_constraint co
+JOIN pg_class cr ON cr.oid = co.conrelid
+LEFT JOIN pg_class cf ON cf.oid = co.confrelid
+LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.oid = co.conparentid
+WHERE cr.oid IN (SELECT relid FROM pg_partition_tree('parted_self_fk'))
+ORDER BY co.contype, cr.relname, co.conname, p.conname;
+    relname     |          conname           | contype | convalidated |         conparent          | convalidated |   foreignrel   
+----------------+----------------------------+---------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+----------------
+ part1_self_fk  | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | t            | parted_self_fk
+ part2_self_fk  | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | t            | parted_self_fk
+ part32_self_fk | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | t            | parted_self_fk
+ part33_self_fk | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | t            | parted_self_fk
+ part3_self_fk  | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | t            | parted_self_fk
+ parted_self_fk | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            |                            |              | parted_self_fk
+ part1_self_fk  | part1_self_fk_pkey         | p       | t            | parted_self_fk_pkey        | t            | 
+ part2_self_fk  | part2_self_fk_pkey         | p       | t            | parted_self_fk_pkey        | t            | 
+ part32_self_fk | part32_self_fk_pkey        | p       | t            | part3_self_fk_pkey         | t            | 
+ part33_self_fk | part33_self_fk_pkey        | p       | t            | part3_self_fk_pkey         | t            | 
+ part3_self_fk  | part3_self_fk_pkey         | p       | t            | parted_self_fk_pkey        | t            | 
+ parted_self_fk | parted_self_fk_pkey        | p       | t            |                            |              | 
+(12 rows)
+
+-- detach and re-attach multiple times just to ensure everything is kosher
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk DETACH PARTITION part2_self_fk;
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk ATTACH PARTITION part2_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk DETACH PARTITION part2_self_fk;
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk ATTACH PARTITION part2_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+SELECT cr.relname, co.conname, co.contype, co.convalidated,
+       p.conname AS conparent, p.convalidated, cf.relname AS foreignrel
+FROM pg_constraint co
+JOIN pg_class cr ON cr.oid = co.conrelid
+LEFT JOIN pg_class cf ON cf.oid = co.confrelid
+LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.oid = co.conparentid
+WHERE cr.oid IN (SELECT relid FROM pg_partition_tree('parted_self_fk'))
+ORDER BY co.contype, cr.relname, co.conname, p.conname;
+    relname     |          conname           | contype | convalidated |         conparent          | convalidated |   foreignrel   
+----------------+----------------------------+---------+--------------+----------------------------+--------------+----------------
+ part1_self_fk  | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | t            | parted_self_fk
+ part2_self_fk  | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | t            | parted_self_fk
+ part32_self_fk | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | t            | parted_self_fk
+ part33_self_fk | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | t            | parted_self_fk
+ part3_self_fk  | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | t            | parted_self_fk
+ parted_self_fk | parted_self_fk_id_abc_fkey | f       | t            |                            |              | parted_self_fk
+ part1_self_fk  | part1_self_fk_pkey         | p       | t            | parted_self_fk_pkey        | t            | 
+ part2_self_fk  | part2_self_fk_pkey         | p       | t            | parted_self_fk_pkey        | t            | 
+ part32_self_fk | part32_self_fk_pkey        | p       | t            | part3_self_fk_pkey         | t            | 
+ part33_self_fk | part33_self_fk_pkey        | p       | t            | part3_self_fk_pkey         | t            | 
+ part3_self_fk  | part3_self_fk_pkey         | p       | t            | parted_self_fk_pkey        | t            | 
+ parted_self_fk | parted_self_fk_pkey        | p       | t            |                            |              | 
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Leave this table around, for pg_upgrade/pg_dump tests
+-- Test creating a constraint at the parent that already exists in partitions.
+-- There should be no duplicated constraints, and attempts to drop the
+-- constraint in partitions should raise appropriate errors.
+create schema fkpart0
+  create table pkey (a int primary key)
+  create table fk_part (a int) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1 partition of fk_part
+      (foreign key (a) references fkpart0.pkey) for values in (1)
+  create table fk_part_23 partition of fk_part
+      (foreign key (a) references fkpart0.pkey) for values in (2, 3)
+      partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_23_2 partition of fk_part_23 for values in (2);
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part add foreign key (a) references fkpart0.pkey;
+\d fkpart0.fk_part_1	\\ -- should have only one FK
+             Table "fkpart0.fk_part_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: fkpart0.fk_part FOR VALUES IN (1)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    TABLE "fkpart0.fk_part" CONSTRAINT "fk_part_a_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES fkpart0.pkey(a)
+
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_1 drop constraint fk_part_1_a_fkey;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "fk_part_1_a_fkey" of relation "fk_part_1"
+\d fkpart0.fk_part_23	\\ -- should have only one FK
+      Partitioned table "fkpart0.fk_part_23"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: fkpart0.fk_part FOR VALUES IN (2, 3)
+Partition key: LIST (a)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    TABLE "fkpart0.fk_part" CONSTRAINT "fk_part_a_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES fkpart0.pkey(a)
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d fkpart0.fk_part_23_2	\\ -- should have only one FK
+           Table "fkpart0.fk_part_23_2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: fkpart0.fk_part_23 FOR VALUES IN (2)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    TABLE "fkpart0.fk_part" CONSTRAINT "fk_part_a_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES fkpart0.pkey(a)
+
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_23 drop constraint fk_part_23_a_fkey;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "fk_part_23_a_fkey" of relation "fk_part_23"
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_23_2 drop constraint fk_part_23_a_fkey;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "fk_part_23_a_fkey" of relation "fk_part_23_2"
+create table fkpart0.fk_part_4 partition of fkpart0.fk_part for values in (4);
+\d fkpart0.fk_part_4
+             Table "fkpart0.fk_part_4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: fkpart0.fk_part FOR VALUES IN (4)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    TABLE "fkpart0.fk_part" CONSTRAINT "fk_part_a_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES fkpart0.pkey(a)
+
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_4 drop constraint fk_part_a_fkey;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "fk_part_a_fkey" of relation "fk_part_4"
+create table fkpart0.fk_part_56 partition of fkpart0.fk_part
+    for values in (5,6) partition by list (a);
+create table fkpart0.fk_part_56_5 partition of fkpart0.fk_part_56
+    for values in (5);
+\d fkpart0.fk_part_56
+      Partitioned table "fkpart0.fk_part_56"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: fkpart0.fk_part FOR VALUES IN (5, 6)
+Partition key: LIST (a)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    TABLE "fkpart0.fk_part" CONSTRAINT "fk_part_a_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES fkpart0.pkey(a)
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_56 drop constraint fk_part_a_fkey;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "fk_part_a_fkey" of relation "fk_part_56"
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_56_5 drop constraint fk_part_a_fkey;
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "fk_part_a_fkey" of relation "fk_part_56_5"
+-- verify that attaching and detaching partitions maintains the right set of
+-- triggers
+create schema fkpart1
+  create table pkey (a int primary key)
+  create table fk_part (a int) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1 partition of fk_part for values in (1) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1_1 partition of fk_part_1 for values in (1);
+alter table fkpart1.fk_part add foreign key (a) references fkpart1.pkey;
+insert into fkpart1.fk_part values (1);		-- should fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_part_1_1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_part_a_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) is not present in table "pkey".
+insert into fkpart1.pkey values (1);
+insert into fkpart1.fk_part values (1);
+delete from fkpart1.pkey where a = 1;		-- should fail
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pkey" violates foreign key constraint "fk_part_a_fkey" on table "fk_part"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) is still referenced from table "fk_part".
+alter table fkpart1.fk_part detach partition fkpart1.fk_part_1;
+create table fkpart1.fk_part_1_2 partition of fkpart1.fk_part_1 for values in (2);
+insert into fkpart1.fk_part_1 values (2);	-- should fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk_part_1_2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_part_a_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(2) is not present in table "pkey".
+delete from fkpart1.pkey where a = 1;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pkey" violates foreign key constraint "fk_part_a_fkey" on table "fk_part_1"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) is still referenced from table "fk_part_1".
+-- verify that attaching and detaching partitions manipulates the inheritance
+-- properties of their FK constraints correctly
+create schema fkpart2
+  create table pkey (a int primary key)
+  create table fk_part (a int, constraint fkey foreign key (a) references fkpart2.pkey) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1 partition of fkpart2.fk_part for values in (1) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1_1 (a int, constraint my_fkey foreign key (a) references fkpart2.pkey);
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part_1 attach partition fkpart2.fk_part_1_1 for values in (1);
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part_1 drop constraint fkey;	-- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "fkey" of relation "fk_part_1"
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part_1_1 drop constraint my_fkey;	-- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "my_fkey" of relation "fk_part_1_1"
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part detach partition fkpart2.fk_part_1;
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part_1 drop constraint fkey;	-- ok
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part_1_1 drop constraint my_fkey;	-- doesn't exist
+ERROR:  constraint "my_fkey" of relation "fk_part_1_1" does not exist
+-- verify constraint deferrability
+create schema fkpart3
+  create table pkey (a int primary key)
+  create table fk_part (a int, constraint fkey foreign key (a) references fkpart3.pkey deferrable initially immediate) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1 partition of fkpart3.fk_part for values in (1) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1_1 partition of fkpart3.fk_part_1 for values in (1)
+  create table fk_part_2 partition of fkpart3.fk_part for values in (2);
+begin;
+set constraints fkpart3.fkey deferred;
+insert into fkpart3.fk_part values (1);
+insert into fkpart3.pkey values (1);
+commit;
+begin;
+set constraints fkpart3.fkey deferred;
+delete from fkpart3.pkey;
+delete from fkpart3.fk_part;
+commit;
+drop schema fkpart0, fkpart1, fkpart2, fkpart3 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 10 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table fkpart3.pkey
+drop cascades to table fkpart3.fk_part
+drop cascades to table fkpart2.pkey
+drop cascades to table fkpart2.fk_part
+drop cascades to table fkpart2.fk_part_1
+drop cascades to table fkpart1.pkey
+drop cascades to table fkpart1.fk_part
+drop cascades to table fkpart1.fk_part_1
+drop cascades to table fkpart0.pkey
+drop cascades to table fkpart0.fk_part
+-- Test a partitioned table as referenced table.
+-- Verify basic functionality with a regular partition creation and a partition
+-- with a different column layout, as well as partitions added (created and
+-- attached) after creating the foreign key.
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart3;
+SET search_path TO fkpart3;
+CREATE TABLE pk (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000);
+CREATE TABLE pk2 (b int, a int);
+ALTER TABLE pk2 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE pk2 ALTER a SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE pk ATTACH PARTITION pk2 FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000);
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (750);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk;
+CREATE TABLE fk2 (b int, a int) ;
+ALTER TABLE fk2 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE fk ATTACH PARTITION fk2 FOR VALUES FROM (750) TO (3500);
+CREATE TABLE pk3 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES FROM (2000) TO (3000);
+CREATE TABLE pk4 (LIKE pk);
+ALTER TABLE pk ATTACH PARTITION pk4 FOR VALUES FROM (3000) TO (4000);
+CREATE TABLE pk5 (c int, b int, a int NOT NULL) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+ALTER TABLE pk5 DROP COLUMN b, DROP COLUMN c;
+CREATE TABLE pk51 PARTITION OF pk5 FOR VALUES FROM (4000) TO (4500);
+CREATE TABLE pk52 PARTITION OF pk5 FOR VALUES FROM (4500) TO (5000);
+ALTER TABLE pk ATTACH PARTITION pk5 FOR VALUES FROM (4000) TO (5000);
+CREATE TABLE fk3 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (3500) TO (5000);
+-- these should fail: referenced value not present
+INSERT into fk VALUES (1);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) is not present in table "pk".
+INSERT into fk VALUES (1000);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1000) is not present in table "pk".
+INSERT into fk VALUES (2000);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(2000) is not present in table "pk".
+INSERT into fk VALUES (3000);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(3000) is not present in table "pk".
+INSERT into fk VALUES (4000);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk3" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(4000) is not present in table "pk".
+INSERT into fk VALUES (4500);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk3" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(4500) is not present in table "pk".
+-- insert into the referenced table, now they should work
+INSERT into pk VALUES (1), (1000), (2000), (3000), (4000), (4500);
+INSERT into fk VALUES (1), (1000), (2000), (3000), (4000), (4500);
+-- should fail: referencing value present
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey1" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) is still referenced from table "fk".
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 1000;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey2" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1000) is still referenced from table "fk".
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 2000;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk3" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey3" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(2000) is still referenced from table "fk".
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 3000;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk4" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey4" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(3000) is still referenced from table "fk".
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 4000;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk51" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey6" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(4000) is still referenced from table "fk".
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 4500;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk52" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey7" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(4500) is still referenced from table "fk".
+UPDATE pk SET a = 2 WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk1" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey1" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) is still referenced from table "fk".
+UPDATE pk SET a = 1002 WHERE a = 1000;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey2" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1000) is still referenced from table "fk".
+UPDATE pk SET a = 2002 WHERE a = 2000;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk3" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey3" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(2000) is still referenced from table "fk".
+UPDATE pk SET a = 3002 WHERE a = 3000;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk4" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey4" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(3000) is still referenced from table "fk".
+UPDATE pk SET a = 4002 WHERE a = 4000;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk51" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey6" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(4000) is still referenced from table "fk".
+UPDATE pk SET a = 4502 WHERE a = 4500;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk52" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey7" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(4500) is still referenced from table "fk".
+-- now they should work
+DELETE FROM fk;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 2 WHERE a = 1;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 2;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 1002 WHERE a = 1000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 1002;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 2002 WHERE a = 2000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 2002;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 3002 WHERE a = 3000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 3002;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 4002 WHERE a = 4000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 4002;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 4502 WHERE a = 4500;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 4502;
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart4;
+SET search_path TO fkpart4;
+-- dropping/detaching PARTITIONs is prevented if that would break
+-- a foreign key's existing data
+CREATE TABLE droppk (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE droppk1 PARTITION OF droppk FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000);
+CREATE TABLE droppk_d PARTITION OF droppk DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE droppk2 PARTITION OF droppk FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE droppk21 PARTITION OF droppk2 FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (1400);
+CREATE TABLE droppk2_d PARTITION OF droppk2 DEFAULT;
+INSERT into droppk VALUES (1), (1000), (1500), (2000);
+CREATE TABLE dropfk (a int REFERENCES droppk);
+INSERT into dropfk VALUES (1), (1000), (1500), (2000);
+-- these should all fail
+ALTER TABLE droppk DETACH PARTITION droppk_d;
+ERROR:  removing partition "droppk_d" violates foreign key constraint "dropfk_a_fkey5"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(2000) is still referenced from table "dropfk".
+ALTER TABLE droppk2 DETACH PARTITION droppk2_d;
+ERROR:  removing partition "droppk2_d" violates foreign key constraint "dropfk_a_fkey4"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1500) is still referenced from table "dropfk".
+ALTER TABLE droppk DETACH PARTITION droppk1;
+ERROR:  removing partition "droppk1" violates foreign key constraint "dropfk_a_fkey1"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) is still referenced from table "dropfk".
+ALTER TABLE droppk DETACH PARTITION droppk2;
+ERROR:  removing partition "droppk2" violates foreign key constraint "dropfk_a_fkey2"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1000) is still referenced from table "dropfk".
+ALTER TABLE droppk2 DETACH PARTITION droppk21;
+ERROR:  removing partition "droppk21" violates foreign key constraint "dropfk_a_fkey3"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1000) is still referenced from table "dropfk".
+-- dropping partitions is disallowed
+DROP TABLE droppk_d;
+ERROR:  cannot drop table droppk_d because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint dropfk_a_fkey on table dropfk depends on table droppk_d
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TABLE droppk2_d;
+ERROR:  cannot drop table droppk2_d because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint dropfk_a_fkey on table dropfk depends on table droppk2_d
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TABLE droppk1;
+ERROR:  cannot drop table droppk1 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint dropfk_a_fkey on table dropfk depends on table droppk1
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TABLE droppk2;
+ERROR:  cannot drop table droppk2 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint dropfk_a_fkey on table dropfk depends on table droppk2
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TABLE droppk21;
+ERROR:  cannot drop table droppk21 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint dropfk_a_fkey on table dropfk depends on table droppk21
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DELETE FROM dropfk;
+-- dropping partitions is disallowed, even when no referencing values
+DROP TABLE droppk_d;
+ERROR:  cannot drop table droppk_d because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint dropfk_a_fkey on table dropfk depends on table droppk_d
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TABLE droppk2_d;
+ERROR:  cannot drop table droppk2_d because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint dropfk_a_fkey on table dropfk depends on table droppk2_d
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TABLE droppk1;
+ERROR:  cannot drop table droppk1 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint dropfk_a_fkey on table dropfk depends on table droppk1
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- but DETACH is allowed, and DROP afterwards works
+ALTER TABLE droppk2 DETACH PARTITION droppk21;
+DROP TABLE droppk2;
+ERROR:  cannot drop table droppk2 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  constraint dropfk_a_fkey on table dropfk depends on table droppk2
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- Verify that initial constraint creation and cloning behave correctly
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart5;
+SET search_path TO fkpart5;
+CREATE TABLE pk (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (1) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk11 PARTITION OF pk1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES IN (1) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk11 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk;
+CREATE TABLE pk2 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE TABLE pk3 (a int NOT NULL) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk31 PARTITION OF pk3 FOR VALUES IN (31);
+CREATE TABLE pk32 (b int, a int NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE pk32 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE pk3 ATTACH PARTITION pk32 FOR VALUES IN (32);
+ALTER TABLE pk ATTACH PARTITION pk3 FOR VALUES IN (31, 32);
+CREATE TABLE fk2 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE TABLE fk3 (b int, a int);
+ALTER TABLE fk3 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE fk ATTACH PARTITION fk3 FOR VALUES IN (3);
+SELECT pg_describe_object('pg_constraint'::regclass, oid, 0), confrelid::regclass,
+       CASE WHEN conparentid <> 0 THEN pg_describe_object('pg_constraint'::regclass, conparentid, 0) ELSE 'TOP' END
+FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint
+WHERE conrelid IN (SELECT relid FROM pg_partition_tree('fk'))
+ORDER BY conrelid::regclass::text, conname;
+         pg_describe_object         | confrelid |               case                
+------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------
+ constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk   | pk        | TOP
+ constraint fk_a_fkey1 on table fk  | pk1       | constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk
+ constraint fk_a_fkey2 on table fk  | pk11      | constraint fk_a_fkey1 on table fk
+ constraint fk_a_fkey3 on table fk  | pk2       | constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk
+ constraint fk_a_fkey4 on table fk  | pk3       | constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk
+ constraint fk_a_fkey5 on table fk  | pk31      | constraint fk_a_fkey4 on table fk
+ constraint fk_a_fkey6 on table fk  | pk32      | constraint fk_a_fkey4 on table fk
+ constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk1  | pk        | constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk
+ constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk11 | pk        | constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk1
+ constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk2  | pk        | constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk
+ constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk3  | pk        | constraint fk_a_fkey on table fk
+(11 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE fk4 (LIKE fk);
+INSERT INTO fk4 VALUES (50);
+ALTER TABLE fk ATTACH PARTITION fk4 FOR VALUES IN (50);
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk4" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(50) is not present in table "pk".
+-- Verify constraint deferrability
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart9;
+SET search_path TO fkpart9;
+CREATE TABLE pk (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (1, 2) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk11 PARTITION OF pk1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE pk3 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (3);
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int REFERENCES pk DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE);
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (1);		-- should fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) is not present in table "pk".
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS fk_a_fkey DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (1);
+COMMIT;							-- should fail
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "fk" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) is not present in table "pk".
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS fk_a_fkey DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO pk VALUES (1);
+COMMIT;							-- OK
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS fk_a_fkey DEFERRED;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 1;
+DELETE FROM fk WHERE a = 1;
+COMMIT;							-- OK
+-- Verify constraint deferrability when changed by ALTER
+-- Partitioned table at referencing end
+CREATE TABLE pt(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, PRIMARY KEY(f1,f2));
+CREATE TABLE ref(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int)
+  PARTITION BY list(f1);
+CREATE TABLE ref1 PARTITION OF ref FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE ref2 PARTITION OF ref FOR VALUES in (2);
+ALTER TABLE ref ADD FOREIGN KEY(f1,f2) REFERENCES pt;
+ALTER TABLE ref ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO pt VALUES(1,2,3);
+INSERT INTO ref VALUES(1,2,3);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM pt;
+DELETE FROM ref;
+ABORT;
+DROP TABLE pt, ref;
+-- Multi-level partitioning at referencing end
+CREATE TABLE pt(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, PRIMARY KEY(f1,f2));
+CREATE TABLE ref(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int)
+  PARTITION BY list(f1);
+CREATE TABLE ref1_2 PARTITION OF ref FOR VALUES IN (1, 2) PARTITION BY list (f2);
+CREATE TABLE ref1 PARTITION OF ref1_2 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE ref2 PARTITION OF ref1_2 FOR VALUES IN (2) PARTITION BY list (f2);
+CREATE TABLE ref22 PARTITION OF ref2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+ALTER TABLE ref ADD FOREIGN KEY(f1,f2) REFERENCES pt;
+INSERT INTO pt VALUES(1,2,3);
+INSERT INTO ref VALUES(1,2,3);
+ALTER TABLE ref22 ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE;	-- fails
+ERROR:  cannot alter constraint "ref_f1_f2_fkey" on relation "ref22"
+DETAIL:  Constraint "ref_f1_f2_fkey" is derived from constraint "ref_f1_f2_fkey" of relation "ref".
+HINT:  You may alter the constraint it derives from, instead.
+ALTER TABLE ref ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM pt;
+DELETE FROM ref;
+ABORT;
+DROP TABLE pt, ref;
+-- Partitioned table at referenced end
+CREATE TABLE pt(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, PRIMARY KEY(f1,f2))
+  PARTITION BY LIST(f1);
+CREATE TABLE pt1 PARTITION OF pt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE pt2 PARTITION OF pt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE TABLE ref(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int);
+ALTER TABLE ref ADD FOREIGN KEY(f1,f2) REFERENCES pt;
+ALTER TABLE ref ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO pt VALUES(1,2,3);
+INSERT INTO ref VALUES(1,2,3);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM pt;
+DELETE FROM ref;
+ABORT;
+DROP TABLE pt, ref;
+-- Multi-level partitioning at at referenced end
+CREATE TABLE pt(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, PRIMARY KEY(f1,f2))
+  PARTITION BY LIST(f1);
+CREATE TABLE pt1_2 PARTITION OF pt FOR VALUES IN (1, 2) PARTITION BY LIST (f1);
+CREATE TABLE pt1 PARTITION OF pt1_2 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE pt2 PARTITION OF pt1_2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE TABLE ref(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int);
+ALTER TABLE ref ADD FOREIGN KEY(f1,f2) REFERENCES pt;
+ALTER TABLE ref ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey1
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;	-- fails
+ERROR:  cannot alter constraint "ref_f1_f2_fkey1" on relation "ref"
+DETAIL:  Constraint "ref_f1_f2_fkey1" is derived from constraint "ref_f1_f2_fkey" of relation "ref".
+HINT:  You may alter the constraint it derives from, instead.
+ALTER TABLE ref ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO pt VALUES(1,2,3);
+INSERT INTO ref VALUES(1,2,3);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM pt;
+DELETE FROM ref;
+ABORT;
+DROP TABLE pt, ref;
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart9 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table pk
+drop cascades to table fk
+-- Verify ON UPDATE/DELETE behavior
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart6;
+SET search_path TO fkpart6;
+CREATE TABLE pk (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk11 PARTITION OF pk1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (50);
+CREATE TABLE pk12 PARTITION OF pk1 FOR VALUES FROM (50) TO (100);
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk11 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE fk12 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (100);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE;
+CREATE TABLE fk_d PARTITION OF fk DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO pk VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (1);
+UPDATE pk SET a = 20;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM fk;
+ tableoid | a  
+----------+----
+ fk12     | 20
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 20;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM fk;
+ tableoid | a 
+----------+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE fk;
+TRUNCATE TABLE pk;
+INSERT INTO pk VALUES (20), (50);
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk11 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE fk12 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (100);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk ON UPDATE SET NULL ON DELETE SET NULL;
+CREATE TABLE fk_d PARTITION OF fk DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (20), (50);
+UPDATE pk SET a = 21 WHERE a = 20;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 50;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM fk;
+ tableoid | a 
+----------+---
+ fk_d     |  
+ fk_d     |  
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE fk;
+TRUNCATE TABLE pk;
+INSERT INTO pk VALUES (20), (30), (50);
+CREATE TABLE fk (id int, a int DEFAULT 50) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk11 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE fk12 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (100);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT ON DELETE SET DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE fk_d PARTITION OF fk DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (1, 20), (2, 30);
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 20 RETURNING *;
+ a  
+----
+ 20
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE pk SET a = 90 WHERE a = 30 RETURNING *;
+ a  
+----
+ 90
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM fk;
+ tableoid | id | a  
+----------+----+----
+ fk12     |  1 | 50
+ fk12     |  2 | 50
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE fk;
+TRUNCATE TABLE pk;
+INSERT INTO pk VALUES (20), (30);
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int DEFAULT 50) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk11 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE fk12 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (100);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT;
+CREATE TABLE fk_d PARTITION OF fk DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (20), (30);
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 20;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk11" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey2" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(20) is still referenced from table "fk".
+UPDATE pk SET a = 90 WHERE a = 30;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "pk" violates foreign key constraint "fk_a_fkey" on table "fk"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(30) is still referenced from table "fk".
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM fk;
+ tableoid | a  
+----------+----
+ fk12     | 20
+ fk12     | 30
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE fk;
+-- test for reported bug: relispartition not set
+-- https://postgr.es/m/CA+HiwqHMsRtRYRWYTWavKJ8x14AFsv7bmAV46mYwnfD3vy8goQ@mail.gmail.com
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart7
+  CREATE TABLE pkpart (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a)
+  CREATE TABLE pkpart1 PARTITION OF pkpart FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ALTER TABLE fkpart7.pkpart1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+ALTER TABLE fkpart7.pkpart ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+CREATE TABLE fkpart7.fk (a int REFERENCES fkpart7.pkpart);
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart7 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table fkpart7.pkpart
+drop cascades to table fkpart7.fk
+-- ensure we check partitions are "not used" when dropping constraints
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart8
+  CREATE TABLE tbl1(f1 int PRIMARY KEY)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl2(f1 int REFERENCES tbl1 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED) PARTITION BY RANGE(f1)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl2_p1 PARTITION OF tbl2 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (maxvalue);
+INSERT INTO fkpart8.tbl1 VALUES(1);
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO fkpart8.tbl2 VALUES(1);
+ALTER TABLE fkpart8.tbl2 DROP CONSTRAINT tbl2_f1_fkey;
+ERROR:  cannot ALTER TABLE "tbl2_p1" because it has pending trigger events
+COMMIT;
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart8 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table fkpart8.tbl1
+drop cascades to table fkpart8.tbl2
+-- ensure FK referencing a multi-level partitioned table are
+-- enforce reference to sub-children.
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart9
+  CREATE TABLE pk (a INT PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE (a)
+  CREATE TABLE fk (
+    fk_a INT REFERENCES pk(a) ON DELETE CASCADE
+  )
+  CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (50) PARTITION BY RANGE (a)
+  CREATE TABLE pk11 PARTITION OF pk1 FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (40);
+INSERT INTO fkpart9.pk VALUES (35);
+INSERT INTO fkpart9.fk VALUES (35);
+DELETE FROM fkpart9.pk WHERE a=35;
+SELECT * FROM fkpart9.pk;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM fkpart9.fk;
+ fk_a 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart9 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table fkpart9.pk
+drop cascades to table fkpart9.fk
+-- test that ri_Check_Pk_Match() scans the correct partition for a deferred
+-- ON DELETE/UPDATE NO ACTION constraint
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart10
+  CREATE TABLE tbl1(f1 int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE(f1)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl1_p1 PARTITION OF tbl1 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (1)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl1_p2 PARTITION OF tbl1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (maxvalue)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl2(f1 int REFERENCES tbl1 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl3(f1 int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE(f1)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl3_p1 PARTITION OF tbl3 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (1)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl3_p2 PARTITION OF tbl3 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (maxvalue)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl4(f1 int REFERENCES tbl3 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl1 VALUES (0), (1);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl2 VALUES (0), (1);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl3 VALUES (-2), (-1), (0);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl4 VALUES (-2), (-1);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM fkpart10.tbl1 WHERE f1 = 0;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl1 SET f1 = 2 WHERE f1 = 1;
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl1 VALUES (0), (1);
+COMMIT;
+-- test that cross-partition updates correctly enforces the foreign key
+-- restriction (specifically testing INITIAILLY DEFERRED)
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl1 SET f1 = 3 WHERE f1 = 0;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 * -1;
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl1 VALUES (4);
+COMMIT;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "tbl1" violates foreign key constraint "tbl2_f1_fkey" on table "tbl2"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(0) is still referenced from table "tbl2".
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 * -1;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 + 3;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl1 SET f1 = 3 WHERE f1 = 0;
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl1 VALUES (0);
+COMMIT;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "tbl3" violates foreign key constraint "tbl4_f1_fkey" on table "tbl4"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(-2) is still referenced from table "tbl4".
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 * -1;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl1 SET f1 = 3 WHERE f1 = 0;
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl1 VALUES (0);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl3 VALUES (-2), (-1);
+COMMIT;
+-- test where the updated table now has both an IMMEDIATE and a DEFERRED
+-- constraint pointing into it
+CREATE TABLE fkpart10.tbl5(f1 int REFERENCES fkpart10.tbl3);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl5 VALUES (-2), (-1);
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 * -3;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "tbl3" violates foreign key constraint "tbl5_f1_fkey" on table "tbl5"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(-2) is still referenced from table "tbl5".
+COMMIT;
+-- Now test where the row referenced from the table with an IMMEDIATE
+-- constraint stays in place, while those referenced from the table with a
+-- DEFERRED constraint don't.
+DELETE FROM fkpart10.tbl5;
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl5 VALUES (0);
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 * -3;
+COMMIT;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "tbl3" violates foreign key constraint "tbl4_f1_fkey" on table "tbl4"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(-2) is still referenced from table "tbl4".
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart10 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 5 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table fkpart10.tbl1
+drop cascades to table fkpart10.tbl2
+drop cascades to table fkpart10.tbl3
+drop cascades to table fkpart10.tbl4
+drop cascades to table fkpart10.tbl5
+-- verify foreign keys are enforced during cross-partition updates,
+-- especially on the PK side
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart11
+  CREATE TABLE pk (a INT PRIMARY KEY, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a)
+  CREATE TABLE fk (
+    a INT,
+    CONSTRAINT fkey FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk(a) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+  )
+  CREATE TABLE fk_parted (
+    a INT PRIMARY KEY,
+    CONSTRAINT fkey FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk(a) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+  ) PARTITION BY LIST (a)
+  CREATE TABLE fk_another (
+    a INT,
+    CONSTRAINT fkey FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES fk_parted (a) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+  )
+  CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (1, 2) PARTITION BY LIST (a)
+  CREATE TABLE pk2 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (3)
+  CREATE TABLE pk3 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (4)
+  CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk_parted FOR VALUES IN (1, 2)
+  CREATE TABLE fk2 PARTITION OF fk_parted FOR VALUES IN (3)
+  CREATE TABLE fk3 PARTITION OF fk_parted FOR VALUES IN (4);
+CREATE TABLE fkpart11.pk11 (b text, a int NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.pk1 ATTACH PARTITION fkpart11.pk11 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE fkpart11.pk12 (b text, c int, a int NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.pk12 DROP c;
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.pk1 ATTACH PARTITION fkpart11.pk12 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO fkpart11.pk VALUES (1, 'xxx'), (3, 'yyy');
+INSERT INTO fkpart11.fk VALUES (1), (3);
+INSERT INTO fkpart11.fk_parted VALUES (1), (3);
+INSERT INTO fkpart11.fk_another VALUES (1), (3);
+-- moves 2 rows from one leaf partition to another, with both updates being
+-- cascaded to fk and fk_parted.  Updates of fk_parted, of which one is
+-- cross-partition (3 -> 4), are further cascaded to fk_another.
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk SET a = a + 1 RETURNING tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, *;
+   tableoid    | a |  b  
+---------------+---+-----
+ fkpart11.pk12 | 2 | xxx
+ fkpart11.pk3  | 4 | yyy
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk;
+  tableoid   | a 
+-------------+---
+ fkpart11.fk | 2
+ fkpart11.fk | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk_parted;
+   tableoid   | a 
+--------------+---
+ fkpart11.fk1 | 2
+ fkpart11.fk3 | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk_another;
+      tableoid       | a 
+---------------------+---
+ fkpart11.fk_another | 2
+ fkpart11.fk_another | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+-- let's try with the foreign key pointing at tables in the partition tree
+-- that are not the same as the query's target table
+-- 1. foreign key pointing into a non-root ancestor
+--
+-- A cross-partition update on the root table will fail, because we currently
+-- can't enforce the foreign keys pointing into a non-leaf partition
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.fk DROP CONSTRAINT fkey;
+DELETE FROM fkpart11.fk WHERE a = 4;
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.fk ADD CONSTRAINT fkey FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES fkpart11.pk1 (a) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE;
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk SET a = a - 1;
+ERROR:  cannot move tuple across partitions when a non-root ancestor of the source partition is directly referenced in a foreign key
+DETAIL:  A foreign key points to ancestor "pk1" but not the root ancestor "pk".
+HINT:  Consider defining the foreign key on table "pk".
+-- it's okay though if the non-leaf partition is updated directly
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk1 SET a = a - 1;
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.pk;
+   tableoid    | a |  b  
+---------------+---+-----
+ fkpart11.pk11 | 1 | xxx
+ fkpart11.pk3  | 4 | yyy
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk;
+  tableoid   | a 
+-------------+---
+ fkpart11.fk | 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk_parted;
+   tableoid   | a 
+--------------+---
+ fkpart11.fk1 | 1
+ fkpart11.fk3 | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk_another;
+      tableoid       | a 
+---------------------+---
+ fkpart11.fk_another | 4
+ fkpart11.fk_another | 1
+(2 rows)
+
+-- 2. foreign key pointing into a single leaf partition
+--
+-- A cross-partition update that deletes from the pointed-to leaf partition
+-- is allowed to succeed
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.fk DROP CONSTRAINT fkey;
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.fk ADD CONSTRAINT fkey FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES fkpart11.pk11 (a) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE;
+-- will delete (1) from p11 which is cascaded to fk
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk SET a = a + 1 WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk;
+ tableoid | a 
+----------+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE fkpart11.fk;
+-- check that regular and deferrable AR triggers on the PK tables
+-- still work as expected
+CREATE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row () RETURNS TRIGGER LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RAISE NOTICE 'TABLE: %, OP: %, OLD: %, NEW: %', TG_RELNAME, TG_OP, OLD, NEW;
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_upd_pk AFTER UPDATE ON fkpart11.pk FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_del_pk AFTER DELETE ON fkpart11.pk FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_ins_pk AFTER INSERT ON fkpart11.pk FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER trig_upd_fk_parted AFTER UPDATE ON fkpart11.fk_parted INITIALLY DEFERRED FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER trig_del_fk_parted AFTER DELETE ON fkpart11.fk_parted INITIALLY DEFERRED FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER trig_ins_fk_parted AFTER INSERT ON fkpart11.fk_parted INITIALLY DEFERRED FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk SET a = 3 WHERE a = 4;
+NOTICE:  TABLE: pk3, OP: DELETE, OLD: (4,yyy), NEW: <NULL>
+NOTICE:  TABLE: pk2, OP: INSERT, OLD: <NULL>, NEW: (3,yyy)
+NOTICE:  TABLE: fk3, OP: DELETE, OLD: (4), NEW: <NULL>
+NOTICE:  TABLE: fk2, OP: INSERT, OLD: <NULL>, NEW: (3)
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk SET a = 1 WHERE a = 2;
+NOTICE:  TABLE: pk12, OP: DELETE, OLD: (xxx,2), NEW: <NULL>
+NOTICE:  TABLE: pk11, OP: INSERT, OLD: <NULL>, NEW: (xxx,1)
+NOTICE:  TABLE: fk1, OP: UPDATE, OLD: (2), NEW: (1)
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart11 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 4 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table fkpart11.pk
+drop cascades to table fkpart11.fk_parted
+drop cascades to table fkpart11.fk_another
+drop cascades to function fkpart11.print_row()
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/functional_deps.out b/src/test/regress/expected/functional_deps.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32381b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/functional_deps.out
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+-- from http://www.depesz.com/index.php/2010/04/19/getting-unique-elements/
+CREATE TEMP TABLE articles (
+    id int CONSTRAINT articles_pkey PRIMARY KEY,
+    keywords text,
+    title text UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+    body text UNIQUE,
+    created date
+);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE articles_in_category (
+    article_id int,
+    category_id int,
+    changed date,
+    PRIMARY KEY (article_id, category_id)
+);
+-- test functional dependencies based on primary keys/unique constraints
+-- base tables
+-- group by primary key (OK)
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY id;
+ id | keywords | title | body | created 
+----+----------+-------+------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- group by unique not null (fail/todo)
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY title;
+ERROR:  column "articles.id" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+               ^
+-- group by unique nullable (fail)
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY body;
+ERROR:  column "articles.id" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+               ^
+-- group by something else (fail)
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY keywords;
+ERROR:  column "articles.id" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+               ^
+-- multiple tables
+-- group by primary key (OK)
+SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, a.body, a.created
+FROM articles AS a, articles_in_category AS aic
+WHERE a.id = aic.article_id AND aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY a.id;
+ id | keywords | title | body | created 
+----+----------+-------+------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- group by something else (fail)
+SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, a.body, a.created
+FROM articles AS a, articles_in_category AS aic
+WHERE a.id = aic.article_id AND aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY aic.article_id, aic.category_id;
+ERROR:  column "a.id" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, a.body, a.created
+               ^
+-- JOIN syntax
+-- group by left table's primary key (OK)
+SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, a.body, a.created
+FROM articles AS a JOIN articles_in_category AS aic ON a.id = aic.article_id
+WHERE aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY a.id;
+ id | keywords | title | body | created 
+----+----------+-------+------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- group by something else (fail)
+SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, a.body, a.created
+FROM articles AS a JOIN articles_in_category AS aic ON a.id = aic.article_id
+WHERE aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY aic.article_id, aic.category_id;
+ERROR:  column "a.id" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, a.body, a.created
+               ^
+-- group by right table's (composite) primary key (OK)
+SELECT aic.changed
+FROM articles AS a JOIN articles_in_category AS aic ON a.id = aic.article_id
+WHERE aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY aic.category_id, aic.article_id;
+ changed 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- group by right table's partial primary key (fail)
+SELECT aic.changed
+FROM articles AS a JOIN articles_in_category AS aic ON a.id = aic.article_id
+WHERE aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY aic.article_id;
+ERROR:  column "aic.changed" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT aic.changed
+               ^
+-- example from documentation
+CREATE TEMP TABLE products (product_id int, name text, price numeric);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE sales (product_id int, units int);
+-- OK
+SELECT product_id, p.name, (sum(s.units) * p.price) AS sales
+    FROM products p LEFT JOIN sales s USING (product_id)
+    GROUP BY product_id, p.name, p.price;
+ product_id | name | sales 
+------------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- fail
+SELECT product_id, p.name, (sum(s.units) * p.price) AS sales
+    FROM products p LEFT JOIN sales s USING (product_id)
+    GROUP BY product_id;
+ERROR:  column "p.name" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT product_id, p.name, (sum(s.units) * p.price) AS sales
+                           ^
+ALTER TABLE products ADD PRIMARY KEY (product_id);
+-- OK now
+SELECT product_id, p.name, (sum(s.units) * p.price) AS sales
+    FROM products p LEFT JOIN sales s USING (product_id)
+    GROUP BY product_id;
+ product_id | name | sales 
+------------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Drupal example, http://drupal.org/node/555530
+CREATE TEMP TABLE node (
+    nid SERIAL,
+    vid integer NOT NULL default '0',
+    type varchar(32) NOT NULL default '',
+    title varchar(128) NOT NULL default '',
+    uid integer NOT NULL default '0',
+    status integer NOT NULL default '1',
+    created integer NOT NULL default '0',
+    -- snip
+    PRIMARY KEY (nid, vid)
+);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE users (
+    uid integer NOT NULL default '0',
+    name varchar(60) NOT NULL default '',
+    pass varchar(32) NOT NULL default '',
+    -- snip
+    PRIMARY KEY (uid),
+    UNIQUE (name)
+);
+-- OK
+SELECT u.uid, u.name FROM node n
+INNER JOIN users u ON u.uid = n.uid
+WHERE n.type = 'blog' AND n.status = 1
+GROUP BY u.uid, u.name;
+ uid | name 
+-----+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- OK
+SELECT u.uid, u.name FROM node n
+INNER JOIN users u ON u.uid = n.uid
+WHERE n.type = 'blog' AND n.status = 1
+GROUP BY u.uid;
+ uid | name 
+-----+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check views and dependencies
+-- fail
+CREATE TEMP VIEW fdv1 AS
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY body;
+ERROR:  column "articles.id" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 2: SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+               ^
+-- OK
+CREATE TEMP VIEW fdv1 AS
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY id;
+-- fail
+ALTER TABLE articles DROP CONSTRAINT articles_pkey RESTRICT;
+ERROR:  cannot drop constraint articles_pkey on table articles because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  view fdv1 depends on constraint articles_pkey on table articles
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP VIEW fdv1;
+-- multiple dependencies
+CREATE TEMP VIEW fdv2 AS
+SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, aic.category_id, aic.changed
+FROM articles AS a JOIN articles_in_category AS aic ON a.id = aic.article_id
+WHERE aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY a.id, aic.category_id, aic.article_id;
+ALTER TABLE articles DROP CONSTRAINT articles_pkey RESTRICT; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop constraint articles_pkey on table articles because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  view fdv2 depends on constraint articles_pkey on table articles
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+ALTER TABLE articles_in_category DROP CONSTRAINT articles_in_category_pkey RESTRICT; --fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop constraint articles_in_category_pkey on table articles_in_category because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  view fdv2 depends on constraint articles_in_category_pkey on table articles_in_category
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP VIEW fdv2;
+-- nested queries
+CREATE TEMP VIEW fdv3 AS
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY id
+UNION
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY id;
+ALTER TABLE articles DROP CONSTRAINT articles_pkey RESTRICT; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop constraint articles_pkey on table articles because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  view fdv3 depends on constraint articles_pkey on table articles
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP VIEW fdv3;
+CREATE TEMP VIEW fdv4 AS
+SELECT * FROM articles WHERE title IN (SELECT title FROM articles GROUP BY id);
+ALTER TABLE articles DROP CONSTRAINT articles_pkey RESTRICT; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop constraint articles_pkey on table articles because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  view fdv4 depends on constraint articles_pkey on table articles
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP VIEW fdv4;
+-- prepared query plans: this results in failure on reuse
+PREPARE foo AS
+  SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+  FROM articles
+  GROUP BY id;
+EXECUTE foo;
+ id | keywords | title | body | created 
+----+----------+-------+------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE articles DROP CONSTRAINT articles_pkey RESTRICT;
+EXECUTE foo;  -- fail
+ERROR:  column "articles.keywords" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/generated.out b/src/test/regress/expected/generated.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c3c7b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/generated.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1127 @@
+-- sanity check of system catalog
+SELECT attrelid, attname, attgenerated FROM pg_attribute WHERE attgenerated NOT IN ('', 's');
+ attrelid | attname | attgenerated 
+----------+---------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest0 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (55) STORED);
+CREATE TABLE gtest1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+SELECT table_name, column_name, column_default, is_nullable, is_generated, generation_expression FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'gtest_' ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ table_name | column_name | column_default | is_nullable | is_generated | generation_expression 
+------------+-------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------
+ gtest0     | a           |                | NO          | NEVER        | 
+ gtest0     | b           |                | YES         | ALWAYS       | 55
+ gtest1     | a           |                | NO          | NEVER        | 
+ gtest1     | b           |                | YES         | ALWAYS       | (a * 2)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, dependent_column FROM information_schema.column_column_usage ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ table_name | column_name | dependent_column 
+------------+-------------+------------------
+ gtest1     | a           | b
+(1 row)
+
+\d gtest1
+                            Table "public.gtest1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+Indexes:
+    "gtest1_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+
+-- duplicate generated
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED);
+ERROR:  multiple generation clauses specified for column "b" of table "gtest_err_1"
+LINE 1: ...ARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED GENERATED ...
+                                                             ^
+-- references to other generated columns, including self-references
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
+ERROR:  cannot use generated column "b" in column generation expression
+LINE 1: ...2a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STO...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  A generated column cannot reference another generated column.
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 3) STORED);
+ERROR:  cannot use generated column "b" in column generation expression
+LINE 1: ...AYS AS (a * 2) STORED, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 3) STO...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  A generated column cannot reference another generated column.
+-- a whole-row var is a self-reference on steroids, so disallow that too
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2c (a int PRIMARY KEY,
+    b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (num_nulls(gtest_err_2c)) STORED);
+ERROR:  cannot use whole-row variable in column generation expression
+LINE 2:     b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (num_nulls(gtest_err_2c)) STOR...
+                                                 ^
+DETAIL:  This would cause the generated column to depend on its own value.
+-- invalid reference
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (c * 2) STORED);
+ERROR:  column "c" does not exist
+LINE 1: ..._3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (c * 2) STO...
+                                                             ^
+-- generation expression must be immutable
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_4 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b double precision GENERATED ALWAYS AS (random()) STORED);
+ERROR:  generation expression is not immutable
+-- cannot have default/identity and generated
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int DEFAULT 5 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+ERROR:  both default and generation expression specified for column "b" of table "gtest_err_5a"
+LINE 1: ... gtest_err_5a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int DEFAULT 5 GENERATED ...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS identity GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+ERROR:  both identity and generation expression specified for column "b" of table "gtest_err_5b"
+LINE 1: ...t PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS identity GENERATED ...
+                                                             ^
+-- reference to system column not allowed in generated column
+-- (except tableoid, which we test below)
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_6a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (xmin <> 37) STORED);
+ERROR:  cannot use system column "xmin" in column generation expression
+LINE 1: ...a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (xmin <> 37...
+                                                             ^
+-- various prohibited constructs
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (avg(a)) STORED);
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in column generation expressions
+LINE 1: ...7a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (avg(a)) ST...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (row_number() OVER (ORDER BY a)) STORED);
+ERROR:  window functions are not allowed in column generation expressions
+LINE 1: ...7b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (row_number...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7c (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((SELECT a)) STORED);
+ERROR:  cannot use subquery in column generation expression
+LINE 1: ...7c (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((SELECT a)...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7d (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (generate_series(1, a)) STORED);
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in column generation expressions
+LINE 1: ...7d (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (generate_s...
+                                                             ^
+-- GENERATED BY DEFAULT not allowed
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_8 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS (a * 2) STORED);
+ERROR:  for a generated column, GENERATED ALWAYS must be specified
+LINE 1: ...E gtest_err_8 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED BY DEFAULT...
+                                                             ^
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2, DEFAULT);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, 33);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "b"
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, 33), (4, 44);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "b"
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, DEFAULT), (4, 44);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "b"
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, 33), (4, DEFAULT);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "b"
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, DEFAULT), (4, DEFAULT);  -- ok
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+ 2 | 4
+ 3 | 6
+ 4 | 8
+(4 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE a >= 3;
+UPDATE gtest1 SET b = DEFAULT WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE gtest1 SET b = 11 WHERE a = 1;  -- error
+ERROR:  column "b" can only be updated to DEFAULT
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+ 2 | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, b * 2 AS b2 FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b | b2 
+---+---+----
+ 1 | 2 |  4
+ 2 | 4 |  8
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 4 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 2 | 4
+(1 row)
+
+-- test that overflow error happens on write
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2000000000);
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT * FROM gtest1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 2 | 4
+ 1 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE a = 2000000000;
+-- test with joins
+CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, y int);
+INSERT INTO gtestx VALUES (11, 1), (22, 2), (33, 3);
+SELECT * FROM gtestx, gtest1 WHERE gtestx.y = gtest1.a;
+ x  | y | a | b 
+----+---+---+---
+ 11 | 1 | 1 | 2
+ 22 | 2 | 2 | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE gtestx;
+-- test UPDATE/DELETE quals
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+ 2 | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE gtest1 SET a = 3 WHERE b = 4;
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+ 3 | 6
+(2 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 2;
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 3 | 6
+(1 row)
+
+-- test MERGE
+CREATE TABLE gtestm (
+  id int PRIMARY KEY,
+  f1 int,
+  f2 int,
+  f3 int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f1 * 2) STORED,
+  f4 int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED
+);
+INSERT INTO gtestm VALUES (1, 5, 100);
+MERGE INTO gtestm t USING (VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20)) v(id, f1) ON t.id = v.id
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET f1 = v.f1
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (v.id, v.f1, 200);
+SELECT * FROM gtestm ORDER BY id;
+ id | f1 | f2  | f3 | f4  
+----+----+-----+----+-----
+  1 | 10 | 100 | 20 | 200
+  2 | 20 | 200 | 40 | 400
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE gtestm;
+-- views
+CREATE VIEW gtest1v AS SELECT * FROM gtest1;
+SELECT * FROM gtest1v;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 3 | 6
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (4, 8);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "b"
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (5, DEFAULT);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (6, 66), (7, 77);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "b"
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (6, DEFAULT), (7, 77);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "b"
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (6, 66), (7, DEFAULT);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "b"
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (6, DEFAULT), (7, DEFAULT);  -- ok
+ALTER VIEW gtest1v ALTER COLUMN b SET DEFAULT 100;
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (8, DEFAULT);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "b"
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (8, DEFAULT), (9, DEFAULT);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "b"
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+SELECT * FROM gtest1v;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 3 |  6
+ 5 | 10
+ 6 | 12
+ 7 | 14
+(4 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM gtest1v WHERE a >= 5;
+DROP VIEW gtest1v;
+-- CTEs
+WITH foo AS (SELECT * FROM gtest1) SELECT * FROM foo;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 3 | 6
+(1 row)
+
+-- inheritance
+CREATE TABLE gtest1_1 () INHERITS (gtest1);
+SELECT * FROM gtest1_1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+\d gtest1_1
+                           Table "public.gtest1_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+Inherits: gtest1
+
+INSERT INTO gtest1_1 VALUES (4);
+SELECT * FROM gtest1_1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 4 | 8
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 3 | 6
+ 4 | 8
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest_normal (a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_normal_child (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED) INHERITS (gtest_normal);
+NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
+NOTICE:  merging column "b" with inherited definition
+\d gtest_normal_child
+                      Table "public.gtest_normal_child"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+Inherits: gtest_normal
+
+INSERT INTO gtest_normal (a) VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO gtest_normal_child (a) VALUES (2);
+SELECT * FROM gtest_normal;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 |  
+ 2 | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest_normal_child2 (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtest_normal_child2 INHERIT gtest_normal;
+INSERT INTO gtest_normal_child2 (a) VALUES (3);
+SELECT * FROM gtest_normal;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 |  
+ 2 | 4
+ 3 | 9
+(3 rows)
+
+-- test inheritance mismatches between parent and child
+CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 22) STORED) INHERITS (gtest1);  -- error
+NOTICE:  merging column "b" with inherited definition
+ERROR:  child column "b" specifies generation expression
+HINT:  Omit the generation expression in the definition of the child table column to inherit the generation expression from the parent table.
+CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, b int DEFAULT 10) INHERITS (gtest1);  -- error
+NOTICE:  merging column "b" with inherited definition
+ERROR:  column "b" inherits from generated column but specifies default
+CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY) INHERITS (gtest1);  -- error
+NOTICE:  merging column "b" with inherited definition
+ERROR:  column "b" inherits from generated column but specifies identity
+CREATE TABLE gtestxx_1 (a int NOT NULL, b int);
+ALTER TABLE gtestxx_1 INHERIT gtest1;  -- error
+ERROR:  column "b" in child table must be a generated column
+CREATE TABLE gtestxx_2 (a int NOT NULL, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 22) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtestxx_2 INHERIT gtest1;  -- error
+ERROR:  column "b" in child table has a conflicting generation expression
+CREATE TABLE gtestxx_3 (a int NOT NULL, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtestxx_3 INHERIT gtest1;  -- ok
+CREATE TABLE gtestxx_4 (b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED, a int NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE gtestxx_4 INHERIT gtest1;  -- ok
+-- test multiple inheritance mismatches
+CREATE TABLE gtesty (x int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE gtest1_2 () INHERITS (gtest1, gtesty);  -- error
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
+ERROR:  inherited column "b" has a generation conflict
+DROP TABLE gtesty;
+CREATE TABLE gtesty (x int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (x * 22) STORED);
+CREATE TABLE gtest1_2 () INHERITS (gtest1, gtesty);  -- error
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
+ERROR:  column "b" inherits conflicting generation expressions
+DROP TABLE gtesty;
+CREATE TABLE gtesty (x int, b int DEFAULT 55);
+CREATE TABLE gtest1_2 () INHERITS (gtest0, gtesty);  -- error
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
+ERROR:  inherited column "b" has a generation conflict
+DROP TABLE gtesty;
+-- test correct handling of GENERATED column that's only in child
+CREATE TABLE gtestp (f1 int);
+CREATE TABLE gtestc (f2 int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f1+1) STORED) INHERITS(gtestp);
+INSERT INTO gtestc values(42);
+TABLE gtestc;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+ 42 | 43
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE gtestp SET f1 = f1 * 10;
+TABLE gtestc;
+ f1  | f2  
+-----+-----
+ 420 | 421
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE gtestp CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table gtestc
+-- test stored update
+CREATE TABLE gtest3 (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2), (3), (NULL);
+SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 3
+ 2 | 6
+ 3 | 9
+   |  
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE gtest3 SET a = 22 WHERE a = 2;
+SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  1 |  3
+  3 |  9
+ 22 | 66
+    |   
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest3a (a text, b text GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a || '+' || a) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest3a (a) VALUES ('a'), ('b'), ('c'), (NULL);
+SELECT * FROM gtest3a ORDER BY a;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ a | a+a
+ b | b+b
+ c | c+c
+   | 
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE gtest3a SET a = 'bb' WHERE a = 'b';
+SELECT * FROM gtest3a ORDER BY a;
+ a  |   b   
+----+-------
+ a  | a+a
+ bb | bb+bb
+ c  | c+c
+    | 
+(4 rows)
+
+-- COPY
+TRUNCATE gtest1;
+INSERT INTO gtest1 (a) VALUES (1), (2);
+COPY gtest1 TO stdout;
+1
+2
+COPY gtest1 (a, b) TO stdout;
+ERROR:  column "b" is a generated column
+DETAIL:  Generated columns cannot be used in COPY.
+COPY gtest1 FROM stdin;
+COPY gtest1 (a, b) FROM stdin;
+ERROR:  column "b" is a generated column
+DETAIL:  Generated columns cannot be used in COPY.
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+ 2 | 4
+ 3 | 6
+ 4 | 8
+(4 rows)
+
+TRUNCATE gtest3;
+INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2);
+COPY gtest3 TO stdout;
+1
+2
+COPY gtest3 (a, b) TO stdout;
+ERROR:  column "b" is a generated column
+DETAIL:  Generated columns cannot be used in COPY.
+COPY gtest3 FROM stdin;
+COPY gtest3 (a, b) FROM stdin;
+ERROR:  column "b" is a generated column
+DETAIL:  Generated columns cannot be used in COPY.
+SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 |  3
+ 2 |  6
+ 3 |  9
+ 4 | 12
+(4 rows)
+
+-- null values
+CREATE TABLE gtest2 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (NULL) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest2 VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM gtest2;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 |  
+(1 row)
+
+-- simple column reference for varlena types
+CREATE TABLE gtest_varlena (a varchar, b varchar GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest_varlena (a) VALUES('01234567890123456789');
+INSERT INTO gtest_varlena (a) VALUES(NULL);
+SELECT * FROM gtest_varlena ORDER BY a;
+          a           |          b           
+----------------------+----------------------
+ 01234567890123456789 | 01234567890123456789
+                      | 
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE gtest_varlena;
+-- composite types
+CREATE TYPE double_int as (a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE gtest4 (
+    a int,
+    b double_int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((a * 2, a * 3)) STORED
+);
+INSERT INTO gtest4 VALUES (1), (6);
+SELECT * FROM gtest4;
+ a |    b    
+---+---------
+ 1 | (2,3)
+ 6 | (12,18)
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE gtest4;
+DROP TYPE double_int;
+-- using tableoid is allowed
+CREATE TABLE gtest_tableoid (
+  a int PRIMARY KEY,
+  b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (tableoid = 'gtest_tableoid'::regclass) STORED
+);
+INSERT INTO gtest_tableoid VALUES (1), (2);
+ALTER TABLE gtest_tableoid ADD COLUMN
+  c regclass GENERATED ALWAYS AS (tableoid) STORED;
+SELECT * FROM gtest_tableoid;
+ a | b |       c        
+---+---+----------------
+ 1 | t | gtest_tableoid
+ 2 | t | gtest_tableoid
+(2 rows)
+
+-- drop column behavior
+CREATE TABLE gtest10 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtest10 DROP COLUMN b;  -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot drop column b of table gtest10 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  column c of table gtest10 depends on column b of table gtest10
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+ALTER TABLE gtest10 DROP COLUMN b CASCADE;  -- drops c too
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to column c of table gtest10
+\d gtest10
+              Table "public.gtest10"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+Indexes:
+    "gtest10_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest10a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtest10a DROP COLUMN b;
+INSERT INTO gtest10a (a) VALUES (1);
+-- privileges
+CREATE USER regress_user11;
+CREATE TABLE gtest11s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest11s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20);
+GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest11s TO regress_user11;
+CREATE FUNCTION gf1(a int) RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT a * 3 $$ IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE SQL;
+REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION gf1(int) FROM PUBLIC;
+CREATE TABLE gtest12s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (gf1(b)) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest12s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20);
+GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest12s TO regress_user11;
+SET ROLE regress_user11;
+SELECT a, b FROM gtest11s;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table gtest11s
+SELECT a, c FROM gtest11s;  -- allowed
+ a | c  
+---+----
+ 1 | 20
+ 2 | 40
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT gf1(10);  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for function gf1
+SELECT a, c FROM gtest12s;  -- allowed
+ a | c  
+---+----
+ 1 | 30
+ 2 | 60
+(2 rows)
+
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP FUNCTION gf1(int);  -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop function gf1(integer) because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  column c of table gtest12s depends on function gf1(integer)
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TABLE gtest11s, gtest12s;
+DROP FUNCTION gf1(int);
+DROP USER regress_user11;
+-- check constraints
+CREATE TABLE gtest20 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED CHECK (b < 50));
+INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (10);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (30);  -- violates constraint
+ERROR:  new row for relation "gtest20" violates check constraint "gtest20_b_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (30, 60).
+CREATE TABLE gtest20a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (10);
+INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (30);
+ALTER TABLE gtest20a ADD CHECK (b < 50);  -- fails on existing row
+ERROR:  check constraint "gtest20a_b_check" of relation "gtest20a" is violated by some row
+CREATE TABLE gtest20b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (10);
+INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (30);
+ALTER TABLE gtest20b ADD CONSTRAINT chk CHECK (b < 50) NOT VALID;
+ALTER TABLE gtest20b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT chk;  -- fails on existing row
+ERROR:  check constraint "chk" of relation "gtest20b" is violated by some row
+-- not-null constraints
+CREATE TABLE gtest21a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED NOT NULL);
+INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (1);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (0);  -- violates constraint
+ERROR:  null value in column "b" of relation "gtest21a" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, null).
+CREATE TABLE gtest21b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b SET NOT NULL;
+INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (1);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0);  -- violates constraint
+ERROR:  null value in column "b" of relation "gtest21b" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, null).
+ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b DROP NOT NULL;
+INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0);  -- ok now
+-- index constraints
+CREATE TABLE gtest22a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED UNIQUE);
+INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (3);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "gtest22a_b_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (b)=(1) already exists.
+INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (4);
+CREATE TABLE gtest22b (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (a, b));
+INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "gtest22b_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (a, b)=(2, 1) already exists.
+-- indexes
+CREATE TABLE gtest22c (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+CREATE INDEX gtest22c_b_idx ON gtest22c (b);
+CREATE INDEX gtest22c_expr_idx ON gtest22c ((b * 3));
+CREATE INDEX gtest22c_pred_idx ON gtest22c (a) WHERE b > 0;
+\d gtest22c
+                           Table "public.gtest22c"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+Indexes:
+    "gtest22c_b_idx" btree (b)
+    "gtest22c_expr_idx" btree ((b * 3))
+    "gtest22c_pred_idx" btree (a) WHERE b > 0
+
+INSERT INTO gtest22c VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using gtest22c_b_idx on gtest22c
+   Index Cond: (b = 4)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 2 | 4
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using gtest22c_expr_idx on gtest22c
+   Index Cond: ((b * 3) = 6)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using gtest22c_pred_idx on gtest22c
+   Index Cond: (a = 1)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+-- foreign keys
+CREATE TABLE gtest23a (x int PRIMARY KEY, y int);
+INSERT INTO gtest23a VALUES (1, 11), (2, 22), (3, 33);
+CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON UPDATE CASCADE);  -- error
+ERROR:  invalid ON UPDATE action for foreign key constraint containing generated column
+CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON DELETE SET NULL);  -- error
+ERROR:  invalid ON DELETE action for foreign key constraint containing generated column
+CREATE TABLE gtest23b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x));
+\d gtest23b
+                           Table "public.gtest23b"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+Indexes:
+    "gtest23b_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "gtest23b_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (b) REFERENCES gtest23a(x)
+
+INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (1);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (5);  -- error
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "gtest23b" violates foreign key constraint "gtest23b_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (b)=(10) is not present in table "gtest23a".
+DROP TABLE gtest23b;
+DROP TABLE gtest23a;
+CREATE TABLE gtest23p (x int, y int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (x * 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (y));
+INSERT INTO gtest23p VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+CREATE TABLE gtest23q (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int REFERENCES gtest23p (y));
+INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (1, 2);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (2, 5);  -- error
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "gtest23q" violates foreign key constraint "gtest23q_b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (b)=(5) is not present in table "gtest23p".
+-- domains
+CREATE DOMAIN gtestdomain1 AS int CHECK (VALUE < 10);
+CREATE TABLE gtest24 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b gtestdomain1 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (4);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (6);  -- error
+ERROR:  value for domain gtestdomain1 violates check constraint "gtestdomain1_check"
+-- typed tables (currently not supported)
+CREATE TYPE gtest_type AS (f1 integer, f2 text, f3 bigint);
+CREATE TABLE gtest28 OF gtest_type (f1 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 *2) STORED);
+ERROR:  generated columns are not supported on typed tables
+DROP TYPE gtest_type CASCADE;
+-- table partitions (currently not supported)
+CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 text, f3 bigint) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent (
+    f3 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED
+) FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01'); -- error
+ERROR:  generated columns are not supported on partitions
+DROP TABLE gtest_parent;
+-- partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01');
+CREATE TABLE gtest_child3 PARTITION OF gtest_parent FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-09-01') TO ('2016-10-01');
+INSERT INTO gtest_parent (f1, f2) VALUES ('2016-07-15', 1);
+SELECT * FROM gtest_parent;
+     f1     | f2 | f3 
+------------+----+----
+ 07-15-2016 |  1 |  2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest_child;
+     f1     | f2 | f3 
+------------+----+----
+ 07-15-2016 |  1 |  2
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE gtest_parent SET f1 = f1 + 60, f2 = f2 + 1;
+SELECT * FROM gtest_parent;
+     f1     | f2 | f3 
+------------+----+----
+ 09-13-2016 |  2 |  4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest_child3;
+     f1     | f2 | f3 
+------------+----+----
+ 09-13-2016 |  2 |  4
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE gtest_parent;
+-- generated columns in partition key (not allowed)
+CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f3);
+ERROR:  cannot use generated column in partition key
+LINE 1: ...ENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f3);
+                                                                   ^
+DETAIL:  Column "f3" is a generated column.
+CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE ((f3 * 3));
+ERROR:  cannot use generated column in partition key
+LINE 1: ...ED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE ((f3 * 3));
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  Column "f3" is a generated column.
+-- ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN
+CREATE TABLE gtest25 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO gtest25 VALUES (3), (4);
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED;
+SELECT * FROM gtest25 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 3 |  9
+ 4 | 12
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 4) STORED;  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot use generated column "b" in column generation expression
+DETAIL:  A generated column cannot reference another generated column.
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (z * 4) STORED;  -- error
+ERROR:  column "z" does not exist
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN c int DEFAULT 42,
+  ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (c * 4) STORED;
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN d int DEFAULT 101;
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ALTER COLUMN d SET DATA TYPE float8,
+  ADD COLUMN y float8 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (d * 4) STORED;
+SELECT * FROM gtest25 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b  | c  |  x  |  d  |  y  
+---+----+----+-----+-----+-----
+ 3 |  9 | 42 | 168 | 101 | 404
+ 4 | 12 | 42 | 168 | 101 | 404
+(2 rows)
+
+\d gtest25
+                                         Table "public.gtest25"
+ Column |       Type       | Collation | Nullable |                       Default                        
+--------+------------------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------------------
+ a      | integer          |           | not null | 
+ b      | integer          |           |          | generated always as (a * 3) stored
+ c      | integer          |           |          | 42
+ x      | integer          |           |          | generated always as (c * 4) stored
+ d      | double precision |           |          | 101
+ y      | double precision |           |          | generated always as (d * 4::double precision) stored
+Indexes:
+    "gtest25_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+
+-- ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN
+CREATE TABLE gtest27 (
+    a int,
+    b int,
+    x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((a + b) * 2) STORED
+);
+INSERT INTO gtest27 (a, b) VALUES (3, 7), (4, 11);
+ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE text;  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot alter type of a column used by a generated column
+DETAIL:  Column "a" is used by generated column "x".
+ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN x TYPE numeric;
+\d gtest27
+                                Table "public.gtest27"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |                  Default                   
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+--------------------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ x      | numeric |           |          | generated always as (((a + b) * 2)) stored
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest27;
+ a | b  | x  
+---+----+----
+ 3 |  7 | 20
+ 4 | 11 | 30
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN x TYPE boolean USING x <> 0;  -- error
+ERROR:  generation expression for column "x" cannot be cast automatically to type boolean
+ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN x DROP DEFAULT;  -- error
+ERROR:  column "x" of relation "gtest27" is a generated column
+HINT:  Use ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN ... DROP EXPRESSION instead.
+-- It's possible to alter the column types this way:
+ALTER TABLE gtest27
+  DROP COLUMN x,
+  ALTER COLUMN a TYPE bigint,
+  ALTER COLUMN b TYPE bigint,
+  ADD COLUMN x bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((a + b) * 2) STORED;
+\d gtest27
+                              Table "public.gtest27"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable |                 Default                  
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------
+ a      | bigint |           |          | 
+ b      | bigint |           |          | 
+ x      | bigint |           |          | generated always as ((a + b) * 2) stored
+
+-- Ideally you could just do this, but not today (and should x change type?):
+ALTER TABLE gtest27
+  ALTER COLUMN a TYPE float8,
+  ALTER COLUMN b TYPE float8;  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot alter type of a column used by a generated column
+DETAIL:  Column "a" is used by generated column "x".
+\d gtest27
+                              Table "public.gtest27"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable |                 Default                  
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------
+ a      | bigint |           |          | 
+ b      | bigint |           |          | 
+ x      | bigint |           |          | generated always as ((a + b) * 2) stored
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest27;
+ a | b  | x  
+---+----+----
+ 3 |  7 | 20
+ 4 | 11 | 30
+(2 rows)
+
+-- ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN ... DROP EXPRESSION
+CREATE TABLE gtest29 (
+    a int,
+    b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
+);
+INSERT INTO gtest29 (a) VALUES (3), (4);
+ALTER TABLE gtest29 ALTER COLUMN a DROP EXPRESSION;  -- error
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "gtest29" is not a stored generated column
+ALTER TABLE gtest29 ALTER COLUMN a DROP EXPRESSION IF EXISTS;  -- notice
+NOTICE:  column "a" of relation "gtest29" is not a stored generated column, skipping
+ALTER TABLE gtest29 ALTER COLUMN b DROP EXPRESSION;
+INSERT INTO gtest29 (a) VALUES (5);
+INSERT INTO gtest29 (a, b) VALUES (6, 66);
+SELECT * FROM gtest29;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 3 |  6
+ 4 |  8
+ 5 |   
+ 6 | 66
+(4 rows)
+
+\d gtest29
+              Table "public.gtest29"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+
+-- check that dependencies between columns have also been removed
+ALTER TABLE gtest29 DROP COLUMN a;  -- should not drop b
+\d gtest29
+              Table "public.gtest29"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+
+-- with inheritance
+CREATE TABLE gtest30 (
+    a int,
+    b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
+);
+CREATE TABLE gtest30_1 () INHERITS (gtest30);
+ALTER TABLE gtest30 ALTER COLUMN b DROP EXPRESSION;
+\d gtest30
+              Table "public.gtest30"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d gtest30_1
+             Table "public.gtest30_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Inherits: gtest30
+
+DROP TABLE gtest30 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table gtest30_1
+CREATE TABLE gtest30 (
+    a int,
+    b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
+);
+CREATE TABLE gtest30_1 () INHERITS (gtest30);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY gtest30 ALTER COLUMN b DROP EXPRESSION;  -- error
+ERROR:  ALTER TABLE / DROP EXPRESSION must be applied to child tables too
+\d gtest30
+                            Table "public.gtest30"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d gtest30_1
+                           Table "public.gtest30_1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | generated always as (a * 2) stored
+Inherits: gtest30
+
+ALTER TABLE gtest30_1 ALTER COLUMN b DROP EXPRESSION;  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot drop generation expression from inherited column
+-- triggers
+CREATE TABLE gtest26 (
+    a int PRIMARY KEY,
+    b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
+);
+CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func() RETURNS trigger
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  IF tg_op IN ('DELETE', 'UPDATE') THEN
+    RAISE INFO '%: %: old = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, OLD;
+  END IF;
+  IF tg_op IN ('INSERT', 'UPDATE') THEN
+    RAISE INFO '%: %: new = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, NEW;
+  END IF;
+  IF tg_op = 'DELETE' THEN
+    RETURN OLD;
+  ELSE
+    RETURN NEW;
+  END IF;
+END
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest1 BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (OLD.b < 0)  -- ok
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest2a BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NEW.b < 0)  -- error
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+ERROR:  BEFORE trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference NEW generated columns
+LINE 3:   WHEN (NEW.b < 0)  -- error
+                ^
+DETAIL:  Column "b" is a generated column.
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest2b BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NEW.* IS NOT NULL)  -- error
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+ERROR:  BEFORE trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference NEW generated columns
+LINE 3:   WHEN (NEW.* IS NOT NULL)  -- error
+                ^
+DETAIL:  A whole-row reference is used and the table contains generated columns.
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest2 BEFORE INSERT ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NEW.a < 0)
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest3 AFTER DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (OLD.b < 0)  -- ok
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest4 AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NEW.b < 0)  -- ok
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (-2), (0), (3);
+INFO:  gtest2: BEFORE: new = (-2,)
+INFO:  gtest4: AFTER: new = (-2,-4)
+SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+ -2 | -4
+  0 |  0
+  3 |  6
+(3 rows)
+
+UPDATE gtest26 SET a = a * -2;
+INFO:  gtest1: BEFORE: old = (-2,-4)
+INFO:  gtest1: BEFORE: new = (4,)
+INFO:  gtest3: AFTER: old = (-2,-4)
+INFO:  gtest3: AFTER: new = (4,8)
+INFO:  gtest4: AFTER: old = (3,6)
+INFO:  gtest4: AFTER: new = (-6,-12)
+SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
+ a  |  b  
+----+-----
+ -6 | -12
+  0 |   0
+  4 |   8
+(3 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM gtest26 WHERE a = -6;
+INFO:  gtest1: BEFORE: old = (-6,-12)
+INFO:  gtest3: AFTER: old = (-6,-12)
+SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 0 | 0
+ 4 | 8
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TRIGGER gtest1 ON gtest26;
+DROP TRIGGER gtest2 ON gtest26;
+DROP TRIGGER gtest3 ON gtest26;
+-- Check that an UPDATE of "a" fires the trigger for UPDATE OF b, per
+-- SQL standard.
+CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func3() RETURNS trigger
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'OK';
+  RETURN NEW;
+END
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest11 BEFORE UPDATE OF b ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func3();
+UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 1 WHERE a = 0;
+NOTICE:  OK
+DROP TRIGGER gtest11 ON gtest26;
+TRUNCATE gtest26;
+-- check that modifications of stored generated columns in triggers do
+-- not get propagated
+CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func4() RETURNS trigger
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  NEW.a = 10;
+  NEW.b = 300;
+  RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_01 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_02 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func4();
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_03 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (1);
+UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 11 WHERE a = 1;
+INFO:  gtest12_01: BEFORE: old = (1,2)
+INFO:  gtest12_01: BEFORE: new = (11,)
+INFO:  gtest12_03: BEFORE: old = (1,2)
+INFO:  gtest12_03: BEFORE: new = (10,)
+SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+ 10 | 20
+(1 row)
+
+-- LIKE INCLUDING GENERATED and dropped column handling
+CREATE TABLE gtest28a (
+  a int,
+  b int,
+  c int,
+  x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED
+);
+ALTER TABLE gtest28a DROP COLUMN a;
+CREATE TABLE gtest28b (LIKE gtest28a INCLUDING GENERATED);
+\d gtest28*
+                           Table "public.gtest28a"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+ x      | integer |           |          | generated always as (b * 2) stored
+
+                           Table "public.gtest28b"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |              Default               
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+ x      | integer |           |          | generated always as (b * 2) stored
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/geometry.out b/src/test/regress/expected/geometry.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b50103b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/geometry.out
@@ -0,0 +1,5297 @@
+--
+-- GEOMETRY
+--
+-- Back off displayed precision a little bit to reduce platform-to-platform
+-- variation in results.
+SET extra_float_digits TO -3;
+--
+-- Points
+--
+SELECT center(f1) AS center
+   FROM BOX_TBL;
+ center  
+---------
+ (1,1)
+ (2,2)
+ (-5,-4)
+ (2.5,3)
+ (3,3)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT (@@ f1) AS center
+   FROM BOX_TBL;
+ center  
+---------
+ (1,1)
+ (2,2)
+ (-5,-4)
+ (2.5,3)
+ (3,3)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT point(f1) AS center
+   FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+  center   
+-----------
+ (5,1)
+ (1,2)
+ (1,3)
+ (1,2)
+ (100,200)
+ (100,1)
+ (3,5)
+ (3,5)
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT (@@ f1) AS center
+   FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+  center   
+-----------
+ (5,1)
+ (1,2)
+ (1,3)
+ (1,2)
+ (100,200)
+ (100,1)
+ (3,5)
+ (3,5)
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT (@@ f1) AS center
+   FROM POLYGON_TBL
+   WHERE (# f1) > 2;
+            center             
+-------------------------------
+ (1.33333333333,1.33333333333)
+ (2.33333333333,1.33333333333)
+ (4,5)
+ (4,5)
+ (4,3)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- "is horizontal" function
+SELECT p1.f1
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1
+   WHERE ishorizontal(p1.f1, point '(0,0)');
+        f1        
+------------------
+ (0,0)
+ (-10,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- "is horizontal" operator
+SELECT p1.f1
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1
+   WHERE p1.f1 ?- point '(0,0)';
+        f1        
+------------------
+ (0,0)
+ (-10,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- "is vertical" function
+SELECT p1.f1
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1
+   WHERE isvertical(p1.f1, point '(5.1,34.5)');
+     f1     
+------------
+ (5.1,34.5)
+(1 row)
+
+-- "is vertical" operator
+SELECT p1.f1
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1
+   WHERE p1.f1 ?| point '(5.1,34.5)';
+     f1     
+------------
+ (5.1,34.5)
+(1 row)
+
+-- Slope
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, slope(p1.f1, p2.f1) FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2;
+        f1         |        f1         |     slope      
+-------------------+-------------------+----------------
+ (0,0)             | (0,0)             |       Infinity
+ (0,0)             | (-10,0)           |              0
+ (0,0)             | (-3,4)            | -1.33333333333
+ (0,0)             | (5.1,34.5)        |  6.76470588235
+ (0,0)             | (-5,-12)          |            2.4
+ (0,0)             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |       Infinity
+ (0,0)             | (1e+300,Infinity) |       Infinity
+ (0,0)             | (Infinity,1e+300) |              0
+ (0,0)             | (NaN,NaN)         |            NaN
+ (0,0)             | (10,10)           |              1
+ (-10,0)           | (0,0)             |              0
+ (-10,0)           | (-10,0)           |       Infinity
+ (-10,0)           | (-3,4)            | 0.571428571429
+ (-10,0)           | (5.1,34.5)        |  2.28476821192
+ (-10,0)           | (-5,-12)          |           -2.4
+ (-10,0)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |              0
+ (-10,0)           | (1e+300,Infinity) |       Infinity
+ (-10,0)           | (Infinity,1e+300) |              0
+ (-10,0)           | (NaN,NaN)         |            NaN
+ (-10,0)           | (10,10)           |            0.5
+ (-3,4)            | (0,0)             | -1.33333333333
+ (-3,4)            | (-10,0)           | 0.571428571429
+ (-3,4)            | (-3,4)            |       Infinity
+ (-3,4)            | (5.1,34.5)        |  3.76543209877
+ (-3,4)            | (-5,-12)          |              8
+ (-3,4)            | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | -1.33333333333
+ (-3,4)            | (1e+300,Infinity) |       Infinity
+ (-3,4)            | (Infinity,1e+300) |              0
+ (-3,4)            | (NaN,NaN)         |            NaN
+ (-3,4)            | (10,10)           | 0.461538461538
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (0,0)             |  6.76470588235
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-10,0)           |  2.28476821192
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-3,4)            |  3.76543209877
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (5.1,34.5)        |       Infinity
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-5,-12)          |  4.60396039604
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |  6.76470588235
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e+300,Infinity) |       Infinity
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (Infinity,1e+300) |              0
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (NaN,NaN)         |            NaN
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (10,10)           |             -5
+ (-5,-12)          | (0,0)             |            2.4
+ (-5,-12)          | (-10,0)           |           -2.4
+ (-5,-12)          | (-3,4)            |              8
+ (-5,-12)          | (5.1,34.5)        |  4.60396039604
+ (-5,-12)          | (-5,-12)          |       Infinity
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |            2.4
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e+300,Infinity) |       Infinity
+ (-5,-12)          | (Infinity,1e+300) |              0
+ (-5,-12)          | (NaN,NaN)         |            NaN
+ (-5,-12)          | (10,10)           |  1.46666666667
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (0,0)             |       Infinity
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-10,0)           |              0
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-3,4)            | -1.33333333333
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (5.1,34.5)        |  6.76470588235
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-5,-12)          |            2.4
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |       Infinity
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e+300,Infinity) |       Infinity
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (Infinity,1e+300) |              0
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (NaN,NaN)         |            NaN
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (10,10)           |              1
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (0,0)             |       Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-10,0)           |       Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-3,4)            |       Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (5.1,34.5)        |       Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-5,-12)          |       Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |       Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity) |       Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (Infinity,1e+300) |            NaN
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (NaN,NaN)         |            NaN
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (10,10)           |       Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (0,0)             |              0
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-10,0)           |              0
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-3,4)            |              0
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (5.1,34.5)        |              0
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-5,-12)          |              0
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |              0
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e+300,Infinity) |            NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300) |       Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (NaN,NaN)         |            NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (10,10)           |              0
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (0,0)             |            NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-10,0)           |            NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-3,4)            |            NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (5.1,34.5)        |            NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-5,-12)          |            NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |            NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e+300,Infinity) |            NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (Infinity,1e+300) |            NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)         |            NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (10,10)           |            NaN
+ (10,10)           | (0,0)             |              1
+ (10,10)           | (-10,0)           |            0.5
+ (10,10)           | (-3,4)            | 0.461538461538
+ (10,10)           | (5.1,34.5)        |             -5
+ (10,10)           | (-5,-12)          |  1.46666666667
+ (10,10)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |              1
+ (10,10)           | (1e+300,Infinity) |       Infinity
+ (10,10)           | (Infinity,1e+300) |              0
+ (10,10)           | (NaN,NaN)         |            NaN
+ (10,10)           | (10,10)           |       Infinity
+(100 rows)
+
+-- Add point
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 + p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2;
+        f1         |        f1         |      ?column?       
+-------------------+-------------------+---------------------
+ (0,0)             | (0,0)             | (0,0)
+ (0,0)             | (-10,0)           | (-10,0)
+ (0,0)             | (-3,4)            | (-3,4)
+ (0,0)             | (5.1,34.5)        | (5.1,34.5)
+ (0,0)             | (-5,-12)          | (-5,-12)
+ (0,0)             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (0,0)             | (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (0,0)             | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (0,0)             | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (0,0)             | (10,10)           | (10,10)
+ (-10,0)           | (0,0)             | (-10,0)
+ (-10,0)           | (-10,0)           | (-20,0)
+ (-10,0)           | (-3,4)            | (-13,4)
+ (-10,0)           | (5.1,34.5)        | (-4.9,34.5)
+ (-10,0)           | (-5,-12)          | (-15,-12)
+ (-10,0)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-10,-1e-300)
+ (-10,0)           | (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (-10,0)           | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (-10,0)           | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (-10,0)           | (10,10)           | (0,10)
+ (-3,4)            | (0,0)             | (-3,4)
+ (-3,4)            | (-10,0)           | (-13,4)
+ (-3,4)            | (-3,4)            | (-6,8)
+ (-3,4)            | (5.1,34.5)        | (2.1,38.5)
+ (-3,4)            | (-5,-12)          | (-8,-8)
+ (-3,4)            | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-3,4)
+ (-3,4)            | (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (-3,4)            | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (-3,4)            | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (-3,4)            | (10,10)           | (7,14)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (0,0)             | (5.1,34.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-10,0)           | (-4.9,34.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-3,4)            | (2.1,38.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (5.1,34.5)        | (10.2,69)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-5,-12)          | (0.1,22.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (5.1,34.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (10,10)           | (15.1,44.5)
+ (-5,-12)          | (0,0)             | (-5,-12)
+ (-5,-12)          | (-10,0)           | (-15,-12)
+ (-5,-12)          | (-3,4)            | (-8,-8)
+ (-5,-12)          | (5.1,34.5)        | (0.1,22.5)
+ (-5,-12)          | (-5,-12)          | (-10,-24)
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-5,-12)
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (-5,-12)          | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (-5,-12)          | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (-5,-12)          | (10,10)           | (5,-2)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (0,0)             | (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-10,0)           | (-10,-1e-300)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-3,4)            | (-3,4)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (5.1,34.5)        | (5.1,34.5)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-5,-12)          | (-5,-12)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (2e-300,-2e-300)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (10,10)           | (10,10)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (0,0)             | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-10,0)           | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-3,4)            | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (5.1,34.5)        | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-5,-12)          | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity) | (2e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (10,10)           | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (0,0)             | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-10,0)           | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-3,4)            | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (5.1,34.5)        | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-5,-12)          | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e+300,Infinity) | (Infinity,Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,2e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (10,10)           | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (0,0)             | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-10,0)           | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-3,4)            | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (5.1,34.5)        | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-5,-12)          | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e+300,Infinity) | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (Infinity,1e+300) | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (10,10)           | (NaN,NaN)
+ (10,10)           | (0,0)             | (10,10)
+ (10,10)           | (-10,0)           | (0,10)
+ (10,10)           | (-3,4)            | (7,14)
+ (10,10)           | (5.1,34.5)        | (15.1,44.5)
+ (10,10)           | (-5,-12)          | (5,-2)
+ (10,10)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (10,10)
+ (10,10)           | (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (10,10)           | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (10,10)           | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (10,10)           | (10,10)           | (20,20)
+(100 rows)
+
+-- Subtract point
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 - p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2;
+        f1         |        f1         |       ?column?       
+-------------------+-------------------+----------------------
+ (0,0)             | (0,0)             | (0,0)
+ (0,0)             | (-10,0)           | (10,0)
+ (0,0)             | (-3,4)            | (3,-4)
+ (0,0)             | (5.1,34.5)        | (-5.1,-34.5)
+ (0,0)             | (-5,-12)          | (5,12)
+ (0,0)             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-1e-300,1e-300)
+ (0,0)             | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (0,0)             | (Infinity,1e+300) | (-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (0,0)             | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (0,0)             | (10,10)           | (-10,-10)
+ (-10,0)           | (0,0)             | (-10,0)
+ (-10,0)           | (-10,0)           | (0,0)
+ (-10,0)           | (-3,4)            | (-7,-4)
+ (-10,0)           | (5.1,34.5)        | (-15.1,-34.5)
+ (-10,0)           | (-5,-12)          | (-5,12)
+ (-10,0)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-10,1e-300)
+ (-10,0)           | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (-10,0)           | (Infinity,1e+300) | (-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (-10,0)           | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (-10,0)           | (10,10)           | (-20,-10)
+ (-3,4)            | (0,0)             | (-3,4)
+ (-3,4)            | (-10,0)           | (7,4)
+ (-3,4)            | (-3,4)            | (0,0)
+ (-3,4)            | (5.1,34.5)        | (-8.1,-30.5)
+ (-3,4)            | (-5,-12)          | (2,16)
+ (-3,4)            | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-3,4)
+ (-3,4)            | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (-3,4)            | (Infinity,1e+300) | (-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (-3,4)            | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (-3,4)            | (10,10)           | (-13,-6)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (0,0)             | (5.1,34.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-10,0)           | (15.1,34.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-3,4)            | (8.1,30.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (5.1,34.5)        | (0,0)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-5,-12)          | (10.1,46.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (5.1,34.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (Infinity,1e+300) | (-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (10,10)           | (-4.9,24.5)
+ (-5,-12)          | (0,0)             | (-5,-12)
+ (-5,-12)          | (-10,0)           | (5,-12)
+ (-5,-12)          | (-3,4)            | (-2,-16)
+ (-5,-12)          | (5.1,34.5)        | (-10.1,-46.5)
+ (-5,-12)          | (-5,-12)          | (0,0)
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-5,-12)
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (-5,-12)          | (Infinity,1e+300) | (-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (-5,-12)          | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (-5,-12)          | (10,10)           | (-15,-22)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (0,0)             | (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-10,0)           | (10,-1e-300)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-3,4)            | (3,-4)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (5.1,34.5)        | (-5.1,-34.5)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-5,-12)          | (5,12)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (0,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (Infinity,1e+300) | (-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (10,10)           | (-10,-10)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (0,0)             | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-10,0)           | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-3,4)            | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (5.1,34.5)        | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-5,-12)          | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity) | (0,NaN)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (Infinity,1e+300) | (-Infinity,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (10,10)           | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (0,0)             | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-10,0)           | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-3,4)            | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (5.1,34.5)        | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-5,-12)          | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e+300,Infinity) | (Infinity,-Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300) | (NaN,0)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (10,10)           | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (0,0)             | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-10,0)           | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-3,4)            | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (5.1,34.5)        | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-5,-12)          | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e+300,Infinity) | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (Infinity,1e+300) | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (10,10)           | (NaN,NaN)
+ (10,10)           | (0,0)             | (10,10)
+ (10,10)           | (-10,0)           | (20,10)
+ (10,10)           | (-3,4)            | (13,6)
+ (10,10)           | (5.1,34.5)        | (4.9,-24.5)
+ (10,10)           | (-5,-12)          | (15,22)
+ (10,10)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (10,10)
+ (10,10)           | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (10,10)           | (Infinity,1e+300) | (-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (10,10)           | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (10,10)           | (10,10)           | (0,0)
+(100 rows)
+
+-- Multiply with point
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 * p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+     f1     |        f1         |       ?column?        
+------------+-------------------+-----------------------
+ (5.1,34.5) | (0,0)             | (0,0)
+ (10,10)    | (0,0)             | (0,0)
+ (5.1,34.5) | (-10,0)           | (-51,-345)
+ (10,10)    | (-10,0)           | (-100,-100)
+ (5.1,34.5) | (-3,4)            | (-153.3,-83.1)
+ (10,10)    | (-3,4)            | (-70,10)
+ (5.1,34.5) | (5.1,34.5)        | (-1164.24,351.9)
+ (10,10)    | (5.1,34.5)        | (-294,396)
+ (5.1,34.5) | (-5,-12)          | (388.5,-233.7)
+ (10,10)    | (-5,-12)          | (70,-170)
+ (5.1,34.5) | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (3.96e-299,2.94e-299)
+ (10,10)    | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (2e-299,0)
+ (5.1,34.5) | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-Infinity,Infinity)
+ (10,10)    | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-Infinity,Infinity)
+ (5.1,34.5) | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,Infinity)
+ (10,10)    | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,Infinity)
+ (5.1,34.5) | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (10,10)    | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (5.1,34.5) | (10,10)           | (-294,396)
+ (10,10)    | (10,10)           | (0,200)
+(20 rows)
+
+-- Underflow error
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 * p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1[0] < 1;
+ERROR:  value out of range: underflow
+-- Divide by point
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 / p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p2.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+        f1         |     f1     |                 ?column?                  
+-------------------+------------+-------------------------------------------
+ (0,0)             | (5.1,34.5) | (0,0)
+ (0,0)             | (10,10)    | (0,0)
+ (-10,0)           | (5.1,34.5) | (-0.0419318237877,0.283656455034)
+ (-10,0)           | (10,10)    | (-0.5,0.5)
+ (-3,4)            | (5.1,34.5) | (0.100883034877,0.101869666025)
+ (-3,4)            | (10,10)    | (0.05,0.35)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (5.1,34.5) | (1,0)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (10,10)    | (1.98,1.47)
+ (-5,-12)          | (5.1,34.5) | (-0.361353657935,0.0915100389719)
+ (-5,-12)          | (10,10)    | (-0.85,-0.35)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (5.1,34.5) | (-2.41724631247e-302,-3.25588278822e-302)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (10,10)    | (0,-1e-301)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (5.1,34.5) | (Infinity,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (10,10)    | (Infinity,Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (5.1,34.5) | (Infinity,-Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (10,10)    | (Infinity,-Infinity)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (5.1,34.5) | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (10,10)    | (NaN,NaN)
+ (10,10)           | (5.1,34.5) | (0.325588278822,-0.241724631247)
+ (10,10)           | (10,10)    | (1,0)
+(20 rows)
+
+-- Overflow error
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 / p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p2.f1[0] > 1000;
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
+-- Division by 0 error
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 / p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p2.f1 ~= '(0,0)'::point;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+-- Distance to line
+SELECT p.f1, l.s, p.f1 <-> l.s AS dist_pl, l.s <-> p.f1 AS dist_lp FROM POINT_TBL p, LINE_TBL l;
+        f1         |                   s                   |      dist_pl       |      dist_lp       
+-------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+ (0,0)             | {0,-1,5}                              |                  5 |                  5
+ (0,0)             | {1,0,5}                               |                  5 |                  5
+ (0,0)             | {0,3,0}                               |                  0 |                  0
+ (0,0)             | {1,-1,0}                              |                  0 |                  0
+ (0,0)             | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |      5.57086014531 |      5.57086014531
+ (0,0)             | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |      15.3846151224 |      15.3846151224
+ (0,0)             | {3,NaN,5}                             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (0,0)             | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (0,0)             | {0,-1,3}                              |                  3 |                  3
+ (0,0)             | {-1,0,3}                              |                  3 |                  3
+ (-10,0)           | {0,-1,5}                              |                  5 |                  5
+ (-10,0)           | {1,0,5}                               |                  5 |                  5
+ (-10,0)           | {0,3,0}                               |                  0 |                  0
+ (-10,0)           | {1,-1,0}                              |      7.07106781187 |      7.07106781187
+ (-10,0)           | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |      1.85695338177 |      1.85695338177
+ (-10,0)           | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |      15.3864612763 |      15.3864612763
+ (-10,0)           | {3,NaN,5}                             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (-10,0)           | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (-10,0)           | {0,-1,3}                              |                  3 |                  3
+ (-10,0)           | {-1,0,3}                              |                 13 |                 13
+ (-3,4)            | {0,-1,5}                              |                  1 |                  1
+ (-3,4)            | {1,0,5}                               |                  2 |                  2
+ (-3,4)            | {0,3,0}                               |                  4 |                  4
+ (-3,4)            | {1,-1,0}                              |      4.94974746831 |      4.94974746831
+ (-3,4)            | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |      8.17059487979 |      8.17059487979
+ (-3,4)            | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |      11.3851690368 |      11.3851690368
+ (-3,4)            | {3,NaN,5}                             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (-3,4)            | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (-3,4)            | {0,-1,3}                              |                  1 |                  1
+ (-3,4)            | {-1,0,3}                              |                  6 |                  6
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {0,-1,5}                              |               29.5 |               29.5
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {1,0,5}                               |               10.1 |               10.1
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {0,3,0}                               |               34.5 |               34.5
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {1,-1,0}                              |      20.7889393669 |      20.7889393669
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |      39.4973984303 |      39.4973984303
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |      19.1163258281 |      19.1163258281
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {3,NaN,5}                             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {0,-1,3}                              |               31.5 |               31.5
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {-1,0,3}                              |                2.1 |                2.1
+ (-5,-12)          | {0,-1,5}                              |                 17 |                 17
+ (-5,-12)          | {1,0,5}                               |                  0 |                  0
+ (-5,-12)          | {0,3,0}                               |                 12 |                 12
+ (-5,-12)          | {1,-1,0}                              |      4.94974746831 |      4.94974746831
+ (-5,-12)          | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |      7.42781352708 |      7.42781352708
+ (-5,-12)          | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |      27.3855379948 |      27.3855379948
+ (-5,-12)          | {3,NaN,5}                             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (-5,-12)          | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (-5,-12)          | {0,-1,3}                              |                 15 |                 15
+ (-5,-12)          | {-1,0,3}                              |                  8 |                  8
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {0,-1,5}                              |                  5 |                  5
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {1,0,5}                               |                  5 |                  5
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {0,3,0}                               |             1e-300 |             1e-300
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {1,-1,0}                              | 1.41421356237e-300 | 1.41421356237e-300
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |      5.57086014531 |      5.57086014531
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |      15.3846151224 |      15.3846151224
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {3,NaN,5}                             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {0,-1,3}                              |                  3 |                  3
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {-1,0,3}                              |                  3 |                  3
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {0,-1,5}                              |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {1,0,5}                               |                NaN |                NaN
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {0,3,0}                               |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {1,-1,0}                              |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {3,NaN,5}                             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {0,-1,3}                              |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {-1,0,3}                              |                NaN |                NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,-1,5}                              |                NaN |                NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {1,0,5}                               |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,3,0}                               |                NaN |                NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {1,-1,0}                              |                NaN |                NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |                NaN |                NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |                NaN |                NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {3,NaN,5}                             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,-1,3}                              |                NaN |                NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {-1,0,3}                              |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {0,-1,5}                              |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {1,0,5}                               |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {0,3,0}                               |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {1,-1,0}                              |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {3,NaN,5}                             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {0,-1,3}                              |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {-1,0,3}                              |                NaN |                NaN
+ (10,10)           | {0,-1,5}                              |                  5 |                  5
+ (10,10)           | {1,0,5}                               |                 15 |                 15
+ (10,10)           | {0,3,0}                               |                 10 |                 10
+ (10,10)           | {1,-1,0}                              |                  0 |                  0
+ (10,10)           | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |      18.5695338177 |      18.5695338177
+ (10,10)           | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |      5.38276913903 |      5.38276913903
+ (10,10)           | {3,NaN,5}                             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (10,10)           | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (10,10)           | {0,-1,3}                              |                  7 |                  7
+ (10,10)           | {-1,0,3}                              |                  7 |                  7
+(100 rows)
+
+-- Distance to line segment
+SELECT p.f1, l.s, p.f1 <-> l.s AS dist_ps, l.s <-> p.f1 AS dist_sp FROM POINT_TBL p, LSEG_TBL l;
+        f1         |               s               |      dist_ps       |      dist_sp       
+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+ (0,0)             | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (0,0)             | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |                  0 |                  0
+ (0,0)             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |      4.88901207039 |      4.88901207039
+ (0,0)             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |      15.3846151224 |      15.3846151224
+ (0,0)             | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |      24.5967477525 |      24.5967477525
+ (0,0)             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |      10.1980390272 |      10.1980390272
+ (0,0)             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |                 20 |                 20
+ (0,0)             | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |                NaN |                NaN
+ (-10,0)           | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |      11.1803398875 |      11.1803398875
+ (-10,0)           | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |                 10 |                 10
+ (-10,0)           | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |       8.0622577483 |       8.0622577483
+ (-10,0)           | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |      15.3864612763 |      15.3864612763
+ (-10,0)           | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |      30.4138126515 |      30.4138126515
+ (-10,0)           | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |                  2 |                  2
+ (-10,0)           | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |       22.360679775 |       22.360679775
+ (-10,0)           | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |                NaN |                NaN
+ (-3,4)            | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |        4.472135955 |        4.472135955
+ (-3,4)            | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |      4.94974746831 |      4.94974746831
+ (-3,4)            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |                  8 |                  8
+ (-3,4)            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |      11.3851690367 |      11.3851690367
+ (-3,4)            | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |       22.803508502 |       22.803508502
+ (-3,4)            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |      7.07106781187 |      7.07106781187
+ (-3,4)            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |      24.1867732449 |      24.1867732449
+ (-3,4)            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |                NaN |                NaN
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |      30.5722096028 |      30.5722096028
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |      28.5142069853 |      28.5142069853
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |      39.3428519556 |      39.3428519556
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |      19.1163258281 |      19.1163258281
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |      13.0107647738 |      13.0107647738
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |       34.932220084 |       34.932220084
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |               54.5 |               54.5
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |                NaN |                NaN
+ (-5,-12)          | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |      15.2315462117 |      15.2315462117
+ (-5,-12)          | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |                 13 |                 13
+ (-5,-12)          | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |      8.10179143093 |      8.10179143093
+ (-5,-12)          | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |      27.3855379949 |      27.3855379949
+ (-5,-12)          | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |      37.5765884561 |      37.5765884561
+ (-5,-12)          | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |      14.8660687473 |      14.8660687473
+ (-5,-12)          | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |      9.43398113206 |      9.43398113206
+ (-5,-12)          | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |                NaN |                NaN
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 1.41421356237e-300 | 1.41421356237e-300
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |      4.88901207039 |      4.88901207039
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |      15.3846151224 |      15.3846151224
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |      24.5967477525 |      24.5967477525
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |      10.1980390272 |      10.1980390272
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |                 20 |                 20
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |                NaN |                NaN
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |                NaN |                NaN
+ (10,10)           | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |      9.21954445729 |      9.21954445729
+ (10,10)           | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |      5.65685424949 |      5.65685424949
+ (10,10)           | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |        18.15918769 |        18.15918769
+ (10,10)           | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |      5.38276913904 |      5.38276913904
+ (10,10)           | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |      12.0415945788 |      12.0415945788
+ (10,10)           | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |      21.1896201004 |      21.1896201004
+ (10,10)           | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |                 30 |                 30
+ (10,10)           | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |                NaN |                NaN
+(80 rows)
+
+-- Distance to box
+SELECT p.f1, b.f1, p.f1 <-> b.f1 AS dist_pb, b.f1 <-> p.f1 AS dist_bp FROM POINT_TBL p, BOX_TBL b;
+        f1         |         f1          |      dist_pb       |      dist_bp       
+-------------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+ (0,0)             | (2,2),(0,0)         |                  0 |                  0
+ (0,0)             | (3,3),(1,1)         |      1.41421356237 |      1.41421356237
+ (0,0)             | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |                  2 |                  2
+ (0,0)             | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |      3.53553390593 |      3.53553390593
+ (0,0)             | (3,3),(3,3)         |      4.24264068712 |      4.24264068712
+ (-10,0)           | (2,2),(0,0)         |                 10 |                 10
+ (-10,0)           | (3,3),(1,1)         |      11.0453610172 |      11.0453610172
+ (-10,0)           | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |                  2 |                  2
+ (-10,0)           | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |       12.747548784 |       12.747548784
+ (-10,0)           | (3,3),(3,3)         |      13.3416640641 |      13.3416640641
+ (-3,4)            | (2,2),(0,0)         |      3.60555127546 |      3.60555127546
+ (-3,4)            | (3,3),(1,1)         |      4.12310562562 |      4.12310562562
+ (-3,4)            | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |                  2 |                  2
+ (-3,4)            | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |      5.52268050859 |      5.52268050859
+ (-3,4)            | (3,3),(3,3)         |       6.0827625303 |       6.0827625303
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (2,2),(0,0)         |      32.6475113906 |      32.6475113906
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (3,3),(1,1)         |      31.5699223946 |      31.5699223946
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |      33.2664996656 |      33.2664996656
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |       31.108841187 |       31.108841187
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (3,3),(3,3)         |      31.5699223946 |      31.5699223946
+ (-5,-12)          | (2,2),(0,0)         |                 13 |                 13
+ (-5,-12)          | (3,3),(1,1)         |      14.3178210633 |      14.3178210633
+ (-5,-12)          | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |                  2 |                  2
+ (-5,-12)          | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |      16.3248277173 |      16.3248277173
+ (-5,-12)          | (3,3),(3,3)         |                 17 |                 17
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (2,2),(0,0)         | 1.41421356237e-300 | 1.41421356237e-300
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (3,3),(1,1)         |      1.41421356237 |      1.41421356237
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |                  2 |                  2
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |      3.53553390593 |      3.53553390593
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (3,3),(3,3)         |      4.24264068712 |      4.24264068712
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (2,2),(0,0)         |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (3,3),(1,1)         |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (3,3),(3,3)         |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (2,2),(0,0)         |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (3,3),(1,1)         |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (3,3),(3,3)         |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (2,2),(0,0)         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (3,3),(1,1)         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (3,3),(3,3)         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (10,10)           | (2,2),(0,0)         |       11.313708499 |       11.313708499
+ (10,10)           | (3,3),(1,1)         |      9.89949493661 |      9.89949493661
+ (10,10)           | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |      14.4222051019 |      14.4222051019
+ (10,10)           | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |      9.92471662064 |      9.92471662064
+ (10,10)           | (3,3),(3,3)         |      9.89949493661 |      9.89949493661
+(50 rows)
+
+-- Distance to path
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 <-> p1.f1 AS dist_ppath, p1.f1 <-> p.f1 AS dist_pathp FROM POINT_TBL p, PATH_TBL p1;
+        f1         |            f1             |     dist_ppath     |     dist_pathp     
+-------------------+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+ (0,0)             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (0,0)             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |                  0 |                  0
+ (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (0,0)             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (0,0)             | ((10,20))                 |       22.360679775 |       22.360679775
+ (0,0)             | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |      16.2788205961 |      16.2788205961
+ (0,0)             | ((11,12),(13,14))         |      16.2788205961 |      16.2788205961
+ (-10,0)           | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |      11.1803398875 |      11.1803398875
+ (-10,0)           | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      11.1803398875 |      11.1803398875
+ (-10,0)           | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |                 10 |                 10
+ (-10,0)           | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      11.1803398875 |      11.1803398875
+ (-10,0)           | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      11.1803398875 |      11.1803398875
+ (-10,0)           | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |      11.1803398875 |      11.1803398875
+ (-10,0)           | ((10,20))                 |      28.2842712475 |      28.2842712475
+ (-10,0)           | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |      24.1867732449 |      24.1867732449
+ (-10,0)           | ((11,12),(13,14))         |      24.1867732449 |      24.1867732449
+ (-3,4)            | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |        4.472135955 |        4.472135955
+ (-3,4)            | ((1,2),(3,4))             |        4.472135955 |        4.472135955
+ (-3,4)            | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |        4.472135955 |        4.472135955
+ (-3,4)            | ((1,2),(3,4))             |        4.472135955 |        4.472135955
+ (-3,4)            | ((1,2),(3,4))             |        4.472135955 |        4.472135955
+ (-3,4)            | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |        4.472135955 |        4.472135955
+ (-3,4)            | ((10,20))                 |      20.6155281281 |      20.6155281281
+ (-3,4)            | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |      16.1245154966 |      16.1245154966
+ (-3,4)            | ((11,12),(13,14))         |      16.1245154966 |      16.1245154966
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |      30.5722096028 |      30.5722096028
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      30.5722096028 |      30.5722096028
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |       28.793402022 |       28.793402022
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      30.5722096028 |      30.5722096028
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      30.5722096028 |      30.5722096028
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |      30.5722096028 |      30.5722096028
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((10,20))                 |      15.3055545473 |      15.3055545473
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |      21.9695243462 |      21.9695243462
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((11,12),(13,14))         |      21.9695243462 |      21.9695243462
+ (-5,-12)          | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |      15.2315462117 |      15.2315462117
+ (-5,-12)          | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      15.2315462117 |      15.2315462117
+ (-5,-12)          | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |                 13 |                 13
+ (-5,-12)          | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      15.2315462117 |      15.2315462117
+ (-5,-12)          | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      15.2315462117 |      15.2315462117
+ (-5,-12)          | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |      15.2315462117 |      15.2315462117
+ (-5,-12)          | ((10,20))                 |      35.3411940941 |      35.3411940941
+ (-5,-12)          | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |      28.8444102037 |      28.8444102037
+ (-5,-12)          | ((11,12),(13,14))         |      28.8444102037 |      28.8444102037
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4))             |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 1.41421356237e-300 | 1.41421356237e-300
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4))             |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4))             |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((10,20))                 |       22.360679775 |       22.360679775
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |      16.2788205961 |      16.2788205961
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((11,12),(13,14))         |      16.2788205961 |      16.2788205961
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1,2),(3,4))             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1,2),(3,4))             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1,2),(3,4))             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((10,20))                 |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((11,12),(13,14))         |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((1,2),(3,4))             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((1,2),(3,4))             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((1,2),(3,4))             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((10,20))                 |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((11,12),(13,14))         |           Infinity |           Infinity
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((1,2),(3,4))             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((1,2),(3,4))             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((1,2),(3,4))             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((10,20))                 |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((11,12),(13,14))         |                NaN |                NaN
+ (10,10)           | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |      9.21954445729 |      9.21954445729
+ (10,10)           | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      9.21954445729 |      9.21954445729
+ (10,10)           | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |      7.81024967591 |      7.81024967591
+ (10,10)           | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      9.21954445729 |      9.21954445729
+ (10,10)           | ((1,2),(3,4))             |      9.21954445729 |      9.21954445729
+ (10,10)           | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |      9.21954445729 |      9.21954445729
+ (10,10)           | ((10,20))                 |                 10 |                 10
+ (10,10)           | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+ (10,10)           | ((11,12),(13,14))         |       2.2360679775 |       2.2360679775
+(90 rows)
+
+-- Distance to polygon
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 <-> p1.f1 AS dist_ppoly, p1.f1 <-> p.f1 AS dist_polyp FROM POINT_TBL p, POLYGON_TBL p1;
+        f1         |             f1             |  dist_ppoly   |  dist_polyp   
+-------------------+----------------------------+---------------+---------------
+ (0,0)             | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |             0 |             0
+ (0,0)             | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |             1 |             1
+ (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |  2.2360679775 |  2.2360679775
+ (0,0)             | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |  2.2360679775 |  2.2360679775
+ (0,0)             | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | 1.58113883008 | 1.58113883008
+ (0,0)             | ((0,0))                    |             0 |             0
+ (0,0)             | ((0,1),(0,1))              |             1 |             1
+ (-10,0)           | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |            10 |            10
+ (-10,0)           | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |            11 |            11
+ (-10,0)           | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | 11.1803398875 | 11.1803398875
+ (-10,0)           | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | 11.1803398875 | 11.1803398875
+ (-10,0)           | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | 11.1803398875 | 11.1803398875
+ (-10,0)           | ((0,0))                    |            10 |            10
+ (-10,0)           | ((0,1),(0,1))              | 10.0498756211 | 10.0498756211
+ (-3,4)            | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |   4.472135955 |   4.472135955
+ (-3,4)            | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | 5.54700196225 | 5.54700196225
+ (-3,4)            | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |   4.472135955 |   4.472135955
+ (-3,4)            | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |   4.472135955 |   4.472135955
+ (-3,4)            | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |   4.472135955 |   4.472135955
+ (-3,4)            | ((0,0))                    |             5 |             5
+ (-3,4)            | ((0,1),(0,1))              | 4.24264068712 | 4.24264068712
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | 30.6571362002 | 30.6571362002
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | 31.5699223946 | 31.5699223946
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | 26.5680258958 | 26.5680258958
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | 26.5680258958 | 26.5680258958
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | 26.5680258958 | 26.5680258958
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((0,0))                    | 34.8749193547 | 34.8749193547
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((0,1),(0,1))              | 33.8859853037 | 33.8859853037
+ (-5,-12)          | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |            13 |            13
+ (-5,-12)          | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |  13.416407865 |  13.416407865
+ (-5,-12)          | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | 15.2315462117 | 15.2315462117
+ (-5,-12)          | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | 15.2315462117 | 15.2315462117
+ (-5,-12)          | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |  11.313708499 |  11.313708499
+ (-5,-12)          | ((0,0))                    |            13 |            13
+ (-5,-12)          | ((0,1),(0,1))              | 13.9283882772 | 13.9283882772
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |             0 |             0
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |             1 |             1
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |  2.2360679775 |  2.2360679775
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |  2.2360679775 |  2.2360679775
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | 1.58113883008 | 1.58113883008
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((0,0))                    |             0 |             0
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((0,1),(0,1))              |             1 |             1
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((0,0))                    |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((0,1),(0,1))              |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((0,0))                    |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((0,1),(0,1))              |      Infinity |      Infinity
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |             0 |             0
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |             0 |             0
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |             0 |             0
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |             0 |             0
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |             0 |             0
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((0,0))                    |             0 |             0
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((0,1),(0,1))              |             0 |             0
+ (10,10)           | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |            10 |            10
+ (10,10)           | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | 9.89949493661 | 9.89949493661
+ (10,10)           | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | 3.60555127546 | 3.60555127546
+ (10,10)           | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | 3.60555127546 | 3.60555127546
+ (10,10)           | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | 3.60555127546 | 3.60555127546
+ (10,10)           | ((0,0))                    | 14.1421356237 | 14.1421356237
+ (10,10)           | ((0,1),(0,1))              | 13.4536240471 | 13.4536240471
+(70 rows)
+
+-- Construct line through two points
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, line(p1.f1, p2.f1)
+  FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 <> p2.f1;
+        f1         |        f1         |                  line                  
+-------------------+-------------------+----------------------------------------
+ (0,0)             | (-10,0)           | {0,-1,0}
+ (0,0)             | (-3,4)            | {-1.33333333333,-1,0}
+ (0,0)             | (5.1,34.5)        | {6.76470588235,-1,0}
+ (0,0)             | (-5,-12)          | {2.4,-1,0}
+ (0,0)             | (1e+300,Infinity) | {-1,0,0}
+ (0,0)             | (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,-1,0}
+ (0,0)             | (NaN,NaN)         | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (0,0)             | (10,10)           | {1,-1,0}
+ (-10,0)           | (0,0)             | {0,-1,0}
+ (-10,0)           | (-3,4)            | {0.571428571429,-1,5.71428571429}
+ (-10,0)           | (5.1,34.5)        | {2.28476821192,-1,22.8476821192}
+ (-10,0)           | (-5,-12)          | {-2.4,-1,-24}
+ (-10,0)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {0,-1,0}
+ (-10,0)           | (1e+300,Infinity) | {-1,0,-10}
+ (-10,0)           | (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,-1,0}
+ (-10,0)           | (NaN,NaN)         | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (-10,0)           | (10,10)           | {0.5,-1,5}
+ (-3,4)            | (0,0)             | {-1.33333333333,-1,0}
+ (-3,4)            | (-10,0)           | {0.571428571429,-1,5.71428571429}
+ (-3,4)            | (5.1,34.5)        | {3.76543209877,-1,15.2962962963}
+ (-3,4)            | (-5,-12)          | {8,-1,28}
+ (-3,4)            | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {-1.33333333333,-1,0}
+ (-3,4)            | (1e+300,Infinity) | {-1,0,-3}
+ (-3,4)            | (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,-1,4}
+ (-3,4)            | (NaN,NaN)         | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (-3,4)            | (10,10)           | {0.461538461538,-1,5.38461538462}
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (0,0)             | {6.76470588235,-1,0}
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-10,0)           | {2.28476821192,-1,22.8476821192}
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-3,4)            | {3.76543209877,-1,15.2962962963}
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-5,-12)          | {4.60396039604,-1,11.0198019802}
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {6.76470588235,-1,0}
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e+300,Infinity) | {-1,0,5.1}
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,-1,34.5}
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (NaN,NaN)         | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (10,10)           | {-5,-1,60}
+ (-5,-12)          | (0,0)             | {2.4,-1,0}
+ (-5,-12)          | (-10,0)           | {-2.4,-1,-24}
+ (-5,-12)          | (-3,4)            | {8,-1,28}
+ (-5,-12)          | (5.1,34.5)        | {4.60396039604,-1,11.0198019802}
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {2.4,-1,0}
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e+300,Infinity) | {-1,0,-5}
+ (-5,-12)          | (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,-1,-12}
+ (-5,-12)          | (NaN,NaN)         | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (-5,-12)          | (10,10)           | {1.46666666667,-1,-4.66666666667}
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-10,0)           | {0,-1,-1e-300}
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-3,4)            | {-1.33333333333,-1,3.33333333333e-301}
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (5.1,34.5)        | {6.76470588235,-1,-7.76470588235e-300}
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-5,-12)          | {2.4,-1,-3.4e-300}
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e+300,Infinity) | {-1,0,1e-300}
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,-1,-1e-300}
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (NaN,NaN)         | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (10,10)           | {1,-1,-2e-300}
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (0,0)             | {-1,0,1e+300}
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-10,0)           | {-1,0,1e+300}
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-3,4)            | {-1,0,1e+300}
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (5.1,34.5)        | {-1,0,1e+300}
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-5,-12)          | {-1,0,1e+300}
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {-1,0,1e+300}
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (Infinity,1e+300) | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (NaN,NaN)         | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (10,10)           | {-1,0,1e+300}
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (0,0)             | {0,-1,1e+300}
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-10,0)           | {0,-1,1e+300}
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-3,4)            | {0,-1,1e+300}
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (5.1,34.5)        | {0,-1,1e+300}
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-5,-12)          | {0,-1,1e+300}
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {0,-1,1e+300}
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e+300,Infinity) | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (NaN,NaN)         | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (10,10)           | {0,-1,1e+300}
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (0,0)             | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-10,0)           | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-3,4)            | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (5.1,34.5)        | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-5,-12)          | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e+300,Infinity) | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (Infinity,1e+300) | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (10,10)           | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+ (10,10)           | (0,0)             | {1,-1,0}
+ (10,10)           | (-10,0)           | {0.5,-1,5}
+ (10,10)           | (-3,4)            | {0.461538461538,-1,5.38461538462}
+ (10,10)           | (5.1,34.5)        | {-5,-1,60}
+ (10,10)           | (-5,-12)          | {1.46666666667,-1,-4.66666666667}
+ (10,10)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {1,-1,0}
+ (10,10)           | (1e+300,Infinity) | {-1,0,10}
+ (10,10)           | (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,-1,10}
+ (10,10)           | (NaN,NaN)         | {NaN,-1,NaN}
+(88 rows)
+
+-- Closest point to line
+SELECT p.f1, l.s, p.f1 ## l.s FROM POINT_TBL p, LINE_TBL l;
+        f1         |                   s                   |             ?column?             
+-------------------+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------
+ (0,0)             | {0,-1,5}                              | (0,5)
+ (0,0)             | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,0)
+ (0,0)             | {0,3,0}                               | (0,0)
+ (0,0)             | {1,-1,0}                              | (0,0)
+ (0,0)             | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-2.06896551724,-5.1724137931)
+ (0,0)             | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (0.00284023658959,15.3846148603)
+ (0,0)             | {3,NaN,5}                             | 
+ (0,0)             | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | 
+ (0,0)             | {0,-1,3}                              | (0,3)
+ (0,0)             | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,0)
+ (-10,0)           | {0,-1,5}                              | (-10,5)
+ (-10,0)           | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,0)
+ (-10,0)           | {0,3,0}                               | (-10,0)
+ (-10,0)           | {1,-1,0}                              | (-5,-5)
+ (-10,0)           | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-10.6896551724,-1.72413793103)
+ (-10,0)           | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (-9.99715942258,15.386461014)
+ (-10,0)           | {3,NaN,5}                             | 
+ (-10,0)           | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | 
+ (-10,0)           | {0,-1,3}                              | (-10,3)
+ (-10,0)           | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,0)
+ (-3,4)            | {0,-1,5}                              | (-3,5)
+ (-3,4)            | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,4)
+ (-3,4)            | {0,3,0}                               | (-3,0)
+ (-3,4)            | {1,-1,0}                              | (0.5,0.5)
+ (-3,4)            | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-6.03448275862,-3.58620689655)
+ (-3,4)            | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (-2.99789812268,15.3851688427)
+ (-3,4)            | {3,NaN,5}                             | 
+ (-3,4)            | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | 
+ (-3,4)            | {0,-1,3}                              | (-3,3)
+ (-3,4)            | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,4)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {0,-1,5}                              | (5.1,5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,34.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {0,3,0}                               | (5.1,0)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {1,-1,0}                              | (19.8,19.8)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-9.56896551724,-2.1724137931)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (5.09647083221,15.3836744977)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {3,NaN,5}                             | 
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | 
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {0,-1,3}                              | (5.1,3)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,34.5)
+ (-5,-12)          | {0,-1,5}                              | (-5,5)
+ (-5,-12)          | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,-12)
+ (-5,-12)          | {0,3,0}                               | (-5,0)
+ (-5,-12)          | {1,-1,0}                              | (-8.5,-8.5)
+ (-5,-12)          | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-2.24137931034,-5.10344827586)
+ (-5,-12)          | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (-4.99494420846,15.3855375282)
+ (-5,-12)          | {3,NaN,5}                             | 
+ (-5,-12)          | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | 
+ (-5,-12)          | {0,-1,3}                              | (-5,3)
+ (-5,-12)          | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,-12)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {0,-1,5}                              | (1e-300,5)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,-1e-300)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {0,3,0}                               | (1e-300,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {1,-1,0}                              | (0,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-2.06896551724,-5.1724137931)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (0.00284023658959,15.3846148603)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {3,NaN,5}                             | 
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | 
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {0,-1,3}                              | (1e-300,3)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,-1e-300)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {0,-1,5}                              | (1e+300,5)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {1,0,5}                               | 
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {0,3,0}                               | (1e+300,0)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {1,-1,0}                              | (Infinity,NaN)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-Infinity,NaN)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (-Infinity,NaN)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {3,NaN,5}                             | 
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | 
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {0,-1,3}                              | (1e+300,3)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | {-1,0,3}                              | 
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,-1,5}                              | 
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,3,0}                               | 
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {1,-1,0}                              | 
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | 
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | 
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {3,NaN,5}                             | 
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | 
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {0,-1,3}                              | 
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,1e+300)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {0,-1,5}                              | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {1,0,5}                               | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {0,3,0}                               | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {1,-1,0}                              | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {3,NaN,5}                             | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {0,-1,3}                              | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | {-1,0,3}                              | 
+ (10,10)           | {0,-1,5}                              | (10,5)
+ (10,10)           | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,10)
+ (10,10)           | {0,3,0}                               | (10,0)
+ (10,10)           | {1,-1,0}                              | (10,10)
+ (10,10)           | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (3.10344827586,-7.24137931034)
+ (10,10)           | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (10.000993742,15.3827690473)
+ (10,10)           | {3,NaN,5}                             | 
+ (10,10)           | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | 
+ (10,10)           | {0,-1,3}                              | (10,3)
+ (10,10)           | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,10)
+(100 rows)
+
+-- Closest point to line segment
+SELECT p.f1, l.s, p.f1 ## l.s FROM POINT_TBL p, LSEG_TBL l;
+        f1         |               s               |             ?column?             
+-------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------
+ (0,0)             | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (1,2)
+ (0,0)             | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (0,0)
+ (0,0)             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-2.0487804878,-4.43902439024)
+ (0,0)             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (0.00284023658959,15.3846148603)
+ (0,0)             | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ (0,0)             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2)
+ (0,0)             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (0,-20)
+ (0,0)             | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ (-10,0)           | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (1,2)
+ (-10,0)           | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (0,0)
+ (-10,0)           | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ (-10,0)           | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (-9.99715942258,15.386461014)
+ (-10,0)           | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ (-10,0)           | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2)
+ (-10,0)           | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (0,-20)
+ (-10,0)           | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ (-3,4)            | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (1,2)
+ (-3,4)            | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (0.5,0.5)
+ (-3,4)            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ (-3,4)            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (-2.99789812268,15.3851688427)
+ (-3,4)            | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ (-3,4)            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,3)
+ (-3,4)            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (0,-20)
+ (-3,4)            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,4)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (6,6)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (5.09647083221,15.3836744977)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (14.3,25.3)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,3)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (5.1,-20)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ (-5,-12)          | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (1,2)
+ (-5,-12)          | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (0,0)
+ (-5,-12)          | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-1.60487804878,-4.64390243902)
+ (-5,-12)          | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (-4.99494420846,15.3855375282)
+ (-5,-12)          | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ (-5,-12)          | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2)
+ (-5,-12)          | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (0,-20)
+ (-5,-12)          | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (1,2)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (0,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-2.0487804878,-4.43902439024)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (0.00284023658959,15.3846148603)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (0,-20)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,4)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (6,6)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (300000,-40)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (33,44)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,3)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (30,-20)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (NaN,90)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,4)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (6,6)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (300000,-40)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (33,44)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,3)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (30,-20)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ (10,10)           | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,4)
+ (10,10)           | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (6,6)
+ (10,10)           | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (2.39024390244,-6.48780487805)
+ (10,10)           | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (10.000993742,15.3827690473)
+ (10,10)           | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ (10,10)           | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,3)
+ (10,10)           | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (10,-20)
+ (10,10)           | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+(80 rows)
+
+-- Closest point to box
+SELECT p.f1, b.f1, p.f1 ## b.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p, BOX_TBL b;
+        f1         |         f1          |   ?column?   
+-------------------+---------------------+--------------
+ (0,0)             | (2,2),(0,0)         | (0,0)
+ (0,0)             | (3,3),(1,1)         | (1,1)
+ (0,0)             | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,0)
+ (0,0)             | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,2.5)
+ (0,0)             | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ (-10,0)           | (2,2),(0,0)         | (0,0)
+ (-10,0)           | (3,3),(1,1)         | (1,1)
+ (-10,0)           | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-8,0)
+ (-10,0)           | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,2.5)
+ (-10,0)           | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ (-3,4)            | (2,2),(0,0)         | (0,2)
+ (-3,4)            | (3,3),(1,1)         | (1,3)
+ (-3,4)            | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-3,2)
+ (-3,4)            | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5)
+ (-3,4)            | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (2,2),(0,0)         | (2,2)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,2)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ (-5,-12)          | (2,2),(0,0)         | (0,0)
+ (-5,-12)          | (3,3),(1,1)         | (1,1)
+ (-5,-12)          | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-5,-10)
+ (-5,-12)          | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,2.5)
+ (-5,-12)          | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (2,2),(0,0)         | (0,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (3,3),(1,1)         | (1,1)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,-1e-300)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,2.5)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (2,2),(0,0)         | (0,2)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (3,3),(1,1)         | (1,3)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-8,2)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (2,2),(0,0)         | (0,2)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (3,3),(1,1)         | (1,3)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-8,2)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | 
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | 
+ (10,10)           | (2,2),(0,0)         | (2,2)
+ (10,10)           | (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3)
+ (10,10)           | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,2)
+ (10,10)           | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5)
+ (10,10)           | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+(50 rows)
+
+-- On line
+SELECT p.f1, l.s FROM POINT_TBL p, LINE_TBL l WHERE p.f1 <@ l.s;
+        f1        |    s     
+------------------+----------
+ (0,0)            | {0,3,0}
+ (0,0)            | {1,-1,0}
+ (-10,0)          | {0,3,0}
+ (-5,-12)         | {1,0,5}
+ (1e-300,-1e-300) | {0,3,0}
+ (1e-300,-1e-300) | {1,-1,0}
+ (10,10)          | {1,-1,0}
+(7 rows)
+
+-- On line segment
+SELECT p.f1, l.s FROM POINT_TBL p, LSEG_TBL l WHERE p.f1 <@ l.s;
+        f1        |       s       
+------------------+---------------
+ (0,0)            | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ (1e-300,-1e-300) | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+(2 rows)
+
+-- On path
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p, PATH_TBL p1 WHERE p.f1 <@ p1.f1;
+        f1        |            f1             
+------------------+---------------------------
+ (0,0)            | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ (1e-300,-1e-300) | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ (NaN,NaN)        | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ (NaN,NaN)        | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ (NaN,NaN)        | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ (NaN,NaN)        | ((10,20))
+ (NaN,NaN)        | ((11,12),(13,14))
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- Lines
+--
+-- Vertical
+SELECT s FROM LINE_TBL WHERE ?| s;
+    s     
+----------
+ {1,0,5}
+ {-1,0,3}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Horizontal
+SELECT s FROM LINE_TBL WHERE ?- s;
+    s     
+----------
+ {0,-1,5}
+ {0,3,0}
+ {0,-1,3}
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Same as line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s = l2.s;
+                   s                   |                   s                   
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {0,-1,5}
+ {1,0,5}                               | {1,0,5}
+ {0,3,0}                               | {0,3,0}
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {1,-1,0}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {3,NaN,5}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {0,-1,3}
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {-1,0,3}
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Parallel to line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s ?|| l2.s;
+                   s                   |                   s                   
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {0,-1,5}
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {0,3,0}
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {0,-1,3}
+ {1,0,5}                               | {1,0,5}
+ {1,0,5}                               | {-1,0,3}
+ {0,3,0}                               | {0,-1,5}
+ {0,3,0}                               | {0,3,0}
+ {0,3,0}                               | {0,-1,3}
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {1,-1,0}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {0,-1,5}
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {0,3,0}
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {0,-1,3}
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {1,0,5}
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {-1,0,3}
+(16 rows)
+
+-- Perpendicular to line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s ?-| l2.s;
+    s     |    s     
+----------+----------
+ {0,-1,5} | {1,0,5}
+ {0,-1,5} | {-1,0,3}
+ {1,0,5}  | {0,-1,5}
+ {1,0,5}  | {0,3,0}
+ {1,0,5}  | {0,-1,3}
+ {0,3,0}  | {1,0,5}
+ {0,3,0}  | {-1,0,3}
+ {0,-1,3} | {1,0,5}
+ {0,-1,3} | {-1,0,3}
+ {-1,0,3} | {0,-1,5}
+ {-1,0,3} | {0,3,0}
+ {-1,0,3} | {0,-1,3}
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Distance to line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s, l1.s <-> l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2;
+                   s                   |                   s                   | ?column? 
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {0,-1,5}                              |        0
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {1,0,5}                               |        0
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {0,3,0}                               |        5
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {1,-1,0}                              |        0
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |        0
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |        0
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {3,NaN,5}                             |        0
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |        0
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {0,-1,3}                              |        2
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {-1,0,3}                              |        0
+ {1,0,5}                               | {0,-1,5}                              |        0
+ {1,0,5}                               | {1,0,5}                               |        0
+ {1,0,5}                               | {0,3,0}                               |        0
+ {1,0,5}                               | {1,-1,0}                              |        0
+ {1,0,5}                               | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |        0
+ {1,0,5}                               | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |        0
+ {1,0,5}                               | {3,NaN,5}                             |        0
+ {1,0,5}                               | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |        0
+ {1,0,5}                               | {0,-1,3}                              |        0
+ {1,0,5}                               | {-1,0,3}                              |        8
+ {0,3,0}                               | {0,-1,5}                              |        5
+ {0,3,0}                               | {1,0,5}                               |        0
+ {0,3,0}                               | {0,3,0}                               |        0
+ {0,3,0}                               | {1,-1,0}                              |        0
+ {0,3,0}                               | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |        0
+ {0,3,0}                               | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |        0
+ {0,3,0}                               | {3,NaN,5}                             |        0
+ {0,3,0}                               | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |        0
+ {0,3,0}                               | {0,-1,3}                              |        3
+ {0,3,0}                               | {-1,0,3}                              |        0
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {0,-1,5}                              |        0
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {1,0,5}                               |        0
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {0,3,0}                               |        0
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {1,-1,0}                              |        0
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |        0
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |        0
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {3,NaN,5}                             |        0
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |        0
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {0,-1,3}                              |        0
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {-1,0,3}                              |        0
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {0,-1,5}                              |        0
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {1,0,5}                               |        0
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {0,3,0}                               |        0
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {1,-1,0}                              |        0
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |        0
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |        0
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {3,NaN,5}                             |        0
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |        0
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {0,-1,3}                              |        0
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {-1,0,3}                              |        0
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {0,-1,5}                              |        0
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {1,0,5}                               |        0
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {0,3,0}                               |        0
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {1,-1,0}                              |        0
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |        0
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |        0
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {3,NaN,5}                             |        0
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |        0
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {0,-1,3}                              |        0
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {-1,0,3}                              |        0
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {0,-1,5}                              |        0
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {1,0,5}                               |        0
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {0,3,0}                               |        0
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {1,-1,0}                              |        0
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |        0
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |        0
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {3,NaN,5}                             |        0
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |        0
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {0,-1,3}                              |        0
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {-1,0,3}                              |        0
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {0,-1,5}                              |        0
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {1,0,5}                               |        0
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {0,3,0}                               |        0
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {1,-1,0}                              |        0
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |        0
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |        0
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {3,NaN,5}                             |        0
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |        0
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {0,-1,3}                              |        0
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {-1,0,3}                              |        0
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {0,-1,5}                              |        2
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {1,0,5}                               |        0
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {0,3,0}                               |        3
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {1,-1,0}                              |        0
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |        0
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |        0
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {3,NaN,5}                             |        0
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |        0
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {0,-1,3}                              |        0
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {-1,0,3}                              |        0
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {0,-1,5}                              |        0
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {1,0,5}                               |        8
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {0,3,0}                               |        0
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {1,-1,0}                              |        0
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |        0
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |        0
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {3,NaN,5}                             |        0
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |        0
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {0,-1,3}                              |        0
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {-1,0,3}                              |        0
+(100 rows)
+
+-- Intersect with line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s ?# l2.s;
+                   s                   |                   s                   
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {1,0,5}
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {1,-1,0}
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {3,NaN,5}
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {-1,0,3}
+ {1,0,5}                               | {0,-1,5}
+ {1,0,5}                               | {0,3,0}
+ {1,0,5}                               | {1,-1,0}
+ {1,0,5}                               | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {1,0,5}                               | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+ {1,0,5}                               | {3,NaN,5}
+ {1,0,5}                               | {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {1,0,5}                               | {0,-1,3}
+ {0,3,0}                               | {1,0,5}
+ {0,3,0}                               | {1,-1,0}
+ {0,3,0}                               | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {0,3,0}                               | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+ {0,3,0}                               | {3,NaN,5}
+ {0,3,0}                               | {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {0,3,0}                               | {-1,0,3}
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {0,-1,5}
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {1,0,5}
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {0,3,0}
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {3,NaN,5}
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {0,-1,3}
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {-1,0,3}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {0,-1,5}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {1,0,5}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {0,3,0}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {1,-1,0}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {3,NaN,5}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {0,-1,3}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {-1,0,3}
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {0,-1,5}
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {1,0,5}
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {0,3,0}
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {1,-1,0}
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {3,NaN,5}
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {0,-1,3}
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {-1,0,3}
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {0,-1,5}
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {1,0,5}
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {0,3,0}
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {1,-1,0}
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {3,NaN,5}
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {0,-1,3}
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {-1,0,3}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {0,-1,5}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {1,0,5}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {0,3,0}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {1,-1,0}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {3,NaN,5}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {0,-1,3}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {-1,0,3}
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {1,0,5}
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {1,-1,0}
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {3,NaN,5}
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {-1,0,3}
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {0,-1,5}
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {0,3,0}
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {1,-1,0}
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {3,NaN,5}
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {0,-1,3}
+(84 rows)
+
+-- Intersect with box
+SELECT l.s, b.f1 FROM LINE_TBL l, BOX_TBL b WHERE l.s ?# b.f1;
+      s       |         f1          
+--------------+---------------------
+ {1,0,5}      | (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ {0,3,0}      | (2,2),(0,0)
+ {0,3,0}      | (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ {1,-1,0}     | (2,2),(0,0)
+ {1,-1,0}     | (3,3),(1,1)
+ {1,-1,0}     | (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ {1,-1,0}     | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ {1,-1,0}     | (3,3),(3,3)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6} | (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ {0,-1,3}     | (3,3),(1,1)
+ {0,-1,3}     | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ {0,-1,3}     | (3,3),(3,3)
+ {-1,0,3}     | (3,3),(1,1)
+(13 rows)
+
+-- Intersection point with line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s, l1.s # l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2;
+                   s                   |                   s                   |             ?column?              
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {0,-1,5}                              | 
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,5)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {0,3,0}                               | 
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {1,-1,0}                              | (5,5)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-27.5,5)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (56250,5)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {3,NaN,5}                             | (NaN,NaN)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | (NaN,NaN)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {0,-1,3}                              | 
+ {0,-1,5}                              | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,5)
+ {1,0,5}                               | {0,-1,5}                              | (-5,5)
+ {1,0,5}                               | {1,0,5}                               | 
+ {1,0,5}                               | {0,3,0}                               | (-5,0)
+ {1,0,5}                               | {1,-1,0}                              | (-5,-5)
+ {1,0,5}                               | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-5,-4)
+ {1,0,5}                               | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (-5,15.3855384615)
+ {1,0,5}                               | {3,NaN,5}                             | (NaN,NaN)
+ {1,0,5}                               | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | (NaN,NaN)
+ {1,0,5}                               | {0,-1,3}                              | (-5,3)
+ {1,0,5}                               | {-1,0,3}                              | 
+ {0,3,0}                               | {0,-1,5}                              | 
+ {0,3,0}                               | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,0)
+ {0,3,0}                               | {0,3,0}                               | 
+ {0,3,0}                               | {1,-1,0}                              | (0,0)
+ {0,3,0}                               | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-15,0)
+ {0,3,0}                               | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (83333.3333333,0)
+ {0,3,0}                               | {3,NaN,5}                             | (NaN,NaN)
+ {0,3,0}                               | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | (NaN,NaN)
+ {0,3,0}                               | {0,-1,3}                              | 
+ {0,3,0}                               | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,0)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {0,-1,5}                              | (5,5)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,-5)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {0,3,0}                               | (0,0)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {1,-1,0}                              | 
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-4.28571428571,-4.28571428571)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (15.3817756722,15.3817756722)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {3,NaN,5}                             | (NaN,NaN)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | (NaN,NaN)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {0,-1,3}                              | (3,3)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,3)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {0,-1,5}                              | (-27.5,5)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,-4)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {0,3,0}                               | (-15,0)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {1,-1,0}                              | (-4.28571428571,-4.28571428571)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | 
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (-53.4862244113,15.3944897645)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {3,NaN,5}                             | (NaN,NaN)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | (NaN,NaN)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {0,-1,3}                              | (-22.5,3)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,-7.2)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {0,-1,5}                              | (56250,5)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,15.3855384615)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {0,3,0}                               | (83333.3333333,-1.7763568394e-15)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {1,-1,0}                              | (15.3817756722,15.3817756722)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-53.4862244113,15.3944897645)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | 
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {3,NaN,5}                             | (NaN,NaN)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | (NaN,NaN)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {0,-1,3}                              | (67083.3333333,3)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,15.3840615385)
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {0,-1,5}                              | (NaN,NaN)
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {1,0,5}                               | (NaN,NaN)
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {0,3,0}                               | (NaN,NaN)
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {1,-1,0}                              | (NaN,NaN)
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (NaN,NaN)
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (NaN,NaN)
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {3,NaN,5}                             | (NaN,NaN)
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | (NaN,NaN)
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {0,-1,3}                              | (NaN,NaN)
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | {-1,0,3}                              | (NaN,NaN)
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {0,-1,5}                              | (NaN,NaN)
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {1,0,5}                               | (NaN,NaN)
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {0,3,0}                               | (NaN,NaN)
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {1,-1,0}                              | (NaN,NaN)
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (NaN,NaN)
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (NaN,NaN)
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {3,NaN,5}                             | (NaN,NaN)
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | (NaN,NaN)
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {0,-1,3}                              | (NaN,NaN)
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | {-1,0,3}                              | (NaN,NaN)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {0,-1,5}                              | 
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {1,0,5}                               | (-5,3)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {0,3,0}                               | 
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {1,-1,0}                              | (3,3)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (-22.5,3)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (67083.3333333,3)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {3,NaN,5}                             | (NaN,NaN)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | (NaN,NaN)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {0,-1,3}                              | 
+ {0,-1,3}                              | {-1,0,3}                              | (3,3)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {0,-1,5}                              | (3,5)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {1,0,5}                               | 
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {0,3,0}                               | (3,0)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {1,-1,0}                              | (3,3)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | (3,-7.2)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | (3,15.3840615385)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {3,NaN,5}                             | (NaN,NaN)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | (NaN,NaN)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {0,-1,3}                              | (3,3)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | {-1,0,3}                              | 
+(100 rows)
+
+-- Closest point to line segment
+SELECT l.s, l1.s, l.s ## l1.s FROM LINE_TBL l, LSEG_TBL l1;
+                   s                   |               s               |             ?column?              
+---------------------------------------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------------
+ {0,-1,5}                              | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,4)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (5,5)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (56250,5)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,3)
+ {0,-1,5}                              | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ {0,-1,5}                              | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ {1,0,5}                               | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (1,2)
+ {1,0,5}                               | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (0,0)
+ {1,0,5}                               | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ {1,0,5}                               | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (-5,15.3855384615)
+ {1,0,5}                               | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ {1,0,5}                               | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ {1,0,5}                               | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (0,-20)
+ {1,0,5}                               | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ {0,3,0}                               | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (1,2)
+ {0,3,0}                               | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (0,0)
+ {0,3,0}                               | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ {0,3,0}                               | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (83333.3333333,-1.7763568394e-15)
+ {0,3,0}                               | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ {0,3,0}                               | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2)
+ {0,3,0}                               | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ {0,3,0}                               | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ {1,-1,0}                              | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ {1,-1,0}                              | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ {1,-1,0}                              | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (15.3817756722,15.3817756722)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ {1,-1,0}                              | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (0,-20)
+ {1,-1,0}                              | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (1,2)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (0,0)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (10,-10)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (-53.4862244113,15.3944897645)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (30,-20)
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}                          | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,4)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (6,6)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,3)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (30,-20)
+ {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ {3,NaN,5}                             | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ {0,-1,3}                              | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (2,3)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (3,3)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (67083.3333333,3)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,3)
+ {0,-1,3}                              | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ {0,-1,3}                              | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ {-1,0,3}                              | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,4)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (3,3)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (3,-6.76923076923)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (3,15.3840615385)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ {-1,0,3}                              | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (3,-20)
+ {-1,0,3}                              | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+(80 rows)
+
+--
+-- Line segments
+--
+-- intersection
+SELECT p.f1, l.s, l.s # p.f1 AS intersection
+   FROM LSEG_TBL l, POINT_TBL p;
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: lseg # point
+LINE 1: SELECT p.f1, l.s, l.s # p.f1 AS intersection
+                              ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+-- Length
+SELECT s, @-@ s FROM LSEG_TBL;
+               s               |   ?column?    
+-------------------------------+---------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 2.82842712475
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 8.48528137424
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 14.3178210633
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 1300000.02215
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 31.1126983722
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |             1
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |            30
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |           NaN
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Vertical
+SELECT s FROM LSEG_TBL WHERE ?| s;
+         s         
+-------------------
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+(1 row)
+
+-- Horizontal
+SELECT s FROM LSEG_TBL WHERE ?- s;
+         s          
+--------------------
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+(1 row)
+
+-- Center
+SELECT s, @@ s FROM LSEG_TBL;
+               s               |   ?column?   
+-------------------------------+--------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (2,3)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (3,3)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (3.5,-7)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (-350000,80)
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (22,33)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2.5)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (15,-20)
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (NaN,45.5)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- To point
+SELECT s, s::point FROM LSEG_TBL;
+               s               |      s       
+-------------------------------+--------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (2,3)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (3,3)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (3.5,-7)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (-350000,80)
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (22,33)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2.5)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (15,-20)
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (NaN,45.5)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Has points less than line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s < l2.s;
+         s          |               s               
+--------------------+-------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]      | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]      | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]      | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]      | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]      | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]      | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]      | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]      | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]      | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)] | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)] | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)] | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]  | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]  | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]  | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]  | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]  | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]  | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]  | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)] | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)] | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+(21 rows)
+
+-- Has points less than or equal to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s <= l2.s;
+               s               |               s               
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+(28 rows)
+
+-- Has points equal to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s = l2.s;
+               s               |               s               
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Has points greater than or equal to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s >= l2.s;
+               s               |               s               
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+(28 rows)
+
+-- Has points greater than line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s > l2.s;
+               s               |         s          
+-------------------------------+--------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+(21 rows)
+
+-- Has points not equal to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s != l2.s;
+               s               |               s               
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+(56 rows)
+
+-- Parallel with line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s ?|| l2.s;
+               s               |               s               
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+(13 rows)
+
+-- Perpendicular with line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s ?-| l2.s;
+         s          |         s          
+--------------------+--------------------
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]  | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)] | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Distance to line
+SELECT l.s, l1.s, l.s <-> l1.s AS dist_sl, l1.s <-> l.s AS dist_ls FROM LSEG_TBL l, LINE_TBL l1;
+               s               |                   s                   |    dist_sl     |    dist_ls     
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------------+----------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {0,-1,5}                              |              1 |              1
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {0,-1,5}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {0,-1,5}                              |              9 |              9
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {0,-1,5}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | {0,-1,5}                              |             17 |             17
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | {0,-1,5}                              |              2 |              2
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | {0,-1,5}                              |             25 |             25
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | {0,-1,5}                              |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {1,0,5}                               |              6 |              6
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {1,0,5}                               |              5 |              5
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {1,0,5}                               |              2 |              2
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {1,0,5}                               |              0 |              0
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | {1,0,5}                               |             16 |             16
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | {1,0,5}                               |              5 |              5
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | {1,0,5}                               |              5 |              5
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | {1,0,5}                               |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {0,3,0}                               |              2 |              2
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {0,3,0}                               |              0 |              0
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {0,3,0}                               |              4 |              4
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {0,3,0}                               |              0 |              0
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | {0,3,0}                               |             22 |             22
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | {0,3,0}                               |              2 |              2
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | {0,3,0}                               |             20 |             20
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | {0,3,0}                               |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {1,-1,0}                              | 0.707106781187 | 0.707106781187
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {1,-1,0}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {1,-1,0}                              | 0.707106781187 | 0.707106781187
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {1,-1,0}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | {1,-1,0}                              |  7.77817459305 |  7.77817459305
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | {1,-1,0}                              |  8.48528137424 |  8.48528137424
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | {1,-1,0}                              |  14.1421356237 |  14.1421356237
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | {1,-1,0}                              |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |  7.79920420344 |  7.79920420344
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |  5.57086014531 |  5.57086014531
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |              0 |              0
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |              0 |              0
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |  30.0826447847 |  30.0826447847
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |  3.71390676354 |  3.71390676354
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |  1.85695338177 |  1.85695338177
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | {-0.4,-1,-6}                          |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |  11.3840613445 |  11.3840613445
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |   9.3835075324 |   9.3835075324
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |  19.3851689004 |  19.3851689004
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |              0 |              0
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |  6.61741527185 |  6.61741527185
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |  12.3864613274 |  12.3864613274
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |  35.3790763202 |  35.3790763202
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846} |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {3,NaN,5}                             |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {3,NaN,5}                             |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {3,NaN,5}                             |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {3,NaN,5}                             |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | {3,NaN,5}                             |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | {3,NaN,5}                             |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | {3,NaN,5}                             |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | {3,NaN,5}                             |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | {NaN,NaN,NaN}                         |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {0,-1,3}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {0,-1,3}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {0,-1,3}                              |              7 |              7
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {0,-1,3}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | {0,-1,3}                              |             19 |             19
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | {0,-1,3}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | {0,-1,3}                              |             23 |             23
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | {0,-1,3}                              |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {-1,0,3}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {-1,0,3}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {-1,0,3}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {-1,0,3}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | {-1,0,3}                              |              8 |              8
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | {-1,0,3}                              |             13 |             13
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | {-1,0,3}                              |              0 |              0
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | {-1,0,3}                              |            NaN |            NaN
+(80 rows)
+
+-- Distance to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s, l1.s <-> l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2;
+               s               |               s               |    ?column?    
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 0.707106781187
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |  7.12398901685
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |  11.3840613445
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |  19.6977156036
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |             11
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |             22
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |            NaN
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 0.707106781187
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |              0
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |  4.88901207039
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |   9.3835075324
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |  16.7630546142
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |  10.1980390272
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |             20
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |            NaN
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |  7.12398901685
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |  4.88901207039
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |              0
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |  19.3851689004
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |  29.4737584815
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |  9.21954445729
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |             10
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |            NaN
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |  11.3840613445
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |   9.3835075324
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |  19.3851689004
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |              0
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |  6.61741527185
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |  12.3864613274
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |  35.3790763202
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |            NaN
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |  19.6977156036
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |  16.7630546142
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |  29.4737584815
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |  6.61741527185
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |              0
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |   28.319604517
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |             42
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |            NaN
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |             11
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |  10.1980390272
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |  9.21954445729
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |  12.3864613274
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |   28.319604517
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |              0
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |  24.1660919472
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |            NaN
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |             22
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |             20
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |             10
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |  35.3790763202
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |             42
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |  24.1660919472
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |              0
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]             |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            |            NaN
+(64 rows)
+
+-- Distance to box
+SELECT l.s, b.f1, l.s <-> b.f1 AS dist_sb, b.f1 <-> l.s AS dist_bs FROM LSEG_TBL l, BOX_TBL b;
+               s               |         f1          |    dist_sb     |    dist_bs     
+-------------------------------+---------------------+----------------+----------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (2,2),(0,0)         |              0 |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,3),(1,1)         |              0 |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |              3 |              3
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |              0 |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,3),(3,3)         | 0.707106781187 | 0.707106781187
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (2,2),(0,0)         |              0 |              0
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (3,3),(1,1)         |              0 |              0
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |              2 |              2
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |              0 |              0
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (3,3),(3,3)         |              0 |              0
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (2,2),(0,0)         |  4.88901207039 |  4.88901207039
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (3,3),(1,1)         |  6.21602963235 |  6.21602963235
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |              0 |              0
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |  8.20655597529 |  8.20655597529
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (3,3),(3,3)         |  8.87006475627 |  8.87006475627
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (2,2),(0,0)         |  13.3842459258 |  13.3842459258
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (3,3),(1,1)         |  12.3840613274 |  12.3840613274
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |  13.3849843873 |  13.3849843873
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |  11.8841536436 |  11.8841536436
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (3,3),(3,3)         |  12.3840613274 |  12.3840613274
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (2,2),(0,0)         |  21.9317121995 |  21.9317121995
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (3,3),(1,1)         |  20.6155281281 |  20.6155281281
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |  23.8537208838 |  23.8537208838
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |  20.3592730715 |  20.3592730715
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (3,3),(3,3)         |  20.6155281281 |  20.6155281281
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (2,2),(0,0)         |             10 |             10
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (3,3),(1,1)         |             11 |             11
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |              2 |              2
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |           12.5 |           12.5
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (3,3),(3,3)         |             13 |             13
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (2,2),(0,0)         |             20 |             20
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (3,3),(1,1)         |             21 |             21
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |  10.1980390272 |  10.1980390272
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |           22.5 |           22.5
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (3,3),(3,3)         |             23 |             23
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (2,2),(0,0)         |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (3,3),(1,1)         |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |            NaN |            NaN
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (3,3),(3,3)         |            NaN |            NaN
+(40 rows)
+
+-- Intersect with line segment
+SELECT l.s, l1.s FROM LSEG_TBL l, LINE_TBL l1 WHERE l.s ?# l1.s;
+               s               |      s       
+-------------------------------+--------------
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {0,-1,5}
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {0,-1,5}
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {1,0,5}
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {0,3,0}
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {0,3,0}
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {1,-1,0}
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {0,-1,3}
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {0,-1,3}
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {0,-1,3}
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | {0,-1,3}
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | {-1,0,3}
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {-1,0,3}
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | {-1,0,3}
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {-1,0,3}
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | {-1,0,3}
+(17 rows)
+
+-- Intersect with box
+SELECT l.s, b.f1 FROM LSEG_TBL l, BOX_TBL b WHERE l.s ?# b.f1;
+         s          |         f1          
+--------------------+---------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]      | (2,2),(0,0)
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]      | (3,3),(1,1)
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]      | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]      | (2,2),(0,0)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]      | (3,3),(1,1)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]      | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]      | (3,3),(3,3)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)] | (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Intersection point with line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s, l1.s # l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2;
+               s               |               s               | ?column? 
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+----------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+(64 rows)
+
+-- Closest point to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s, l1.s ## l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2;
+               s               |               s               |            ?column?             
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+---------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-1.98536585366,-4.46829268293)
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (3.00210167283,15.3840611505)
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2)
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (1,-20)
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-2.0487804878,-4.43902439024)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (6.00173233982,15.3835073725)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (0,-20)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (1,2)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (0,0)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (-2.99642119965,15.3851685701)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (10,-20)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,4)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (6,6)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,3)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (30,-20)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-1.3512195122,-4.76097560976)
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (10.9987783234,15.3825848409)
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,3)
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (11,-20)
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (1,2)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (0,0)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-3,-4)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (-9.99771326872,15.3864611163)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (0,-20)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (1,2)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (0,0)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (10,-10)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (30.0065315217,15.3790757173)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (11,22)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-10,2)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(11,22),(33,44)]             | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | 
+(64 rows)
+
+-- Closest point to box
+SELECT l.s, b.f1, l.s ## b.f1 FROM LSEG_TBL l, BOX_TBL b;
+               s               |         f1          |  ?column?   
+-------------------------------+---------------------+-------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (2,2),(0,0)         | (1,2)
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,3),(1,1)         | (1.5,2.5)
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,2)
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.25,3.25)
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]                 | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (2,2),(0,0)         | (1,1)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (3,3),(1,1)         | (2,2)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,0)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.75,2.75)
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (2,2),(0,0)         | (0,0)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (3,3),(1,1)         | (1,1)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-3,-4)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,2.5)
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]            | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (2,2),(0,0)         | (2,2)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,2)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5)
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (2,2),(0,0)         | (2,2)
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3)
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,2)
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5)
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]             | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (2,2),(0,0)         | (0,2)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (3,3),(1,1)         | (1,2)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-8,2)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3)
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]             | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (2,2),(0,0)         | (0,0)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (3,3),(1,1)         | (1,1)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,-10)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,2.5)
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]            | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3)
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (2,2),(0,0)         | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (3,3),(1,1)         | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | 
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]            | (3,3),(3,3)         | 
+(40 rows)
+
+-- On line
+SELECT l.s, l1.s FROM LSEG_TBL l, LINE_TBL l1 WHERE l.s <@ l1.s;
+               s               |                   s                   
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]                 | {1,-1,0}
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)] | {-0.000184615384615,-1,15.3846153846}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- On box
+SELECT l.s, b.f1 FROM LSEG_TBL l, BOX_TBL b WHERE l.s <@ b.f1;
+ s | f1 
+---+----
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- Boxes
+--
+SELECT box(f1) AS box FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+                              box                               
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ (7.12132034356,3.12132034356),(2.87867965644,-1.12132034356)
+ (71.7106781187,72.7106781187),(-69.7106781187,-68.7106781187)
+ (4.53553390593,6.53553390593),(-2.53553390593,-0.535533905933)
+ (3.12132034356,4.12132034356),(-1.12132034356,-0.12132034356)
+ (107.071067812,207.071067812),(92.9289321881,192.928932188)
+ (181.317279836,82.3172798365),(18.6827201635,-80.3172798365)
+ (3,5),(3,5)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- translation
+SELECT b.f1 + p.f1 AS translation
+   FROM BOX_TBL b, POINT_TBL p;
+             translation             
+-------------------------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+ (-8,2),(-10,0)
+ (-7,3),(-9,1)
+ (-12,2),(-18,-10)
+ (-7.5,3.5),(-7.5,2.5)
+ (-7,3),(-7,3)
+ (-1,6),(-3,4)
+ (0,7),(-2,5)
+ (-5,6),(-11,-6)
+ (-0.5,7.5),(-0.5,6.5)
+ (0,7),(0,7)
+ (7.1,36.5),(5.1,34.5)
+ (8.1,37.5),(6.1,35.5)
+ (3.1,36.5),(-2.9,24.5)
+ (7.6,38),(7.6,37)
+ (8.1,37.5),(8.1,37.5)
+ (-3,-10),(-5,-12)
+ (-2,-9),(-4,-11)
+ (-7,-10),(-13,-22)
+ (-2.5,-8.5),(-2.5,-9.5)
+ (-2,-9),(-2,-9)
+ (2,2),(1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+ (1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (12,12),(10,10)
+ (13,13),(11,11)
+ (8,12),(2,0)
+ (12.5,13.5),(12.5,12.5)
+ (13,13),(13,13)
+(50 rows)
+
+SELECT b.f1 - p.f1 AS translation
+   FROM BOX_TBL b, POINT_TBL p;
+               translation               
+-----------------------------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+ (12,2),(10,0)
+ (13,3),(11,1)
+ (8,2),(2,-10)
+ (12.5,3.5),(12.5,2.5)
+ (13,3),(13,3)
+ (5,-2),(3,-4)
+ (6,-1),(4,-3)
+ (1,-2),(-5,-14)
+ (5.5,-0.5),(5.5,-1.5)
+ (6,-1),(6,-1)
+ (-3.1,-32.5),(-5.1,-34.5)
+ (-2.1,-31.5),(-4.1,-33.5)
+ (-7.1,-32.5),(-13.1,-44.5)
+ (-2.6,-31),(-2.6,-32)
+ (-2.1,-31.5),(-2.1,-31.5)
+ (7,14),(5,12)
+ (8,15),(6,13)
+ (3,14),(-3,2)
+ (7.5,15.5),(7.5,14.5)
+ (8,15),(8,15)
+ (2,2),(-1e-300,1e-300)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+ (-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity)
+ (-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (-8,-8),(-10,-10)
+ (-7,-7),(-9,-9)
+ (-12,-8),(-18,-20)
+ (-7.5,-6.5),(-7.5,-7.5)
+ (-7,-7),(-7,-7)
+(50 rows)
+
+-- Multiply with point
+SELECT b.f1, p.f1, b.f1 * p.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+         f1          |     f1     |          ?column?           
+---------------------+------------+-----------------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (5.1,34.5) | (0,79.2),(-58.8,0)
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (10,10)    | (0,40),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (5.1,34.5) | (-29.4,118.8),(-88.2,39.6)
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (10,10)    | (0,60),(0,20)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (5.1,34.5) | (304.2,-58.8),(-79.2,-327)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (10,10)    | (20,0),(-40,-180)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (5.1,34.5) | (-73.5,104.1),(-108,99)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (10,10)    | (0,60),(-10,50)
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (5.1,34.5) | (-88.2,118.8),(-88.2,118.8)
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (10,10)    | (0,60),(0,60)
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Overflow error
+SELECT b.f1, p.f1, b.f1 * p.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1[0] > 1000;
+         f1          |        f1         |                  ?column?                  
+---------------------+-------------------+--------------------------------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (1e+300,Infinity) | (NaN,NaN),(-Infinity,Infinity)
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (Infinity,1e+300) | (NaN,NaN),(Infinity,Infinity)
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity)
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,Infinity),(Infinity,Infinity)
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (1e+300,Infinity) | (Infinity,-Infinity),(-Infinity,-Infinity)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (Infinity,1e+300) | (-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,-Infinity)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,Infinity),(Infinity,Infinity)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (1e+300,Infinity) | (-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity)
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,Infinity),(Infinity,Infinity)
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+(15 rows)
+
+-- Divide by point
+SELECT b.f1, p.f1, b.f1 / p.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+         f1          |     f1     |                               ?column?                               
+---------------------+------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (5.1,34.5) | (0.0651176557644,0),(0,-0.0483449262493)
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (10,10)    | (0.2,0),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (5.1,34.5) | (0.0976764836466,-0.0241724631247),(0.0325588278822,-0.072517389374)
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (10,10)    | (0.3,0),(0.1,0)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (5.1,34.5) | (0.0483449262493,0.18499334024),(-0.317201914064,0.0651176557644)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (10,10)    | (0,0.2),(-0.9,-0.1)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (5.1,34.5) | (0.109762715209,-0.0562379754329),(0.0813970697055,-0.0604311578117)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (10,10)    | (0.3,0.05),(0.25,0)
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (5.1,34.5) | (0.0976764836466,-0.072517389374),(0.0976764836466,-0.072517389374)
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (10,10)    | (0.3,0),(0.3,0)
+(10 rows)
+
+-- To box
+SELECT f1::box
+	FROM POINT_TBL;
+                 f1                  
+-------------------------------------
+ (0,0),(0,0)
+ (-10,0),(-10,0)
+ (-3,4),(-3,4)
+ (5.1,34.5),(5.1,34.5)
+ (-5,-12),(-5,-12)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300),(1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300)
+ (NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)
+ (10,10),(10,10)
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT bound_box(a.f1, b.f1)
+	FROM BOX_TBL a, BOX_TBL b;
+      bound_box      
+---------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(0,0)
+ (2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (3,3),(-8,-10)
+ (3,3.5),(1,1)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (3,3),(-8,-10)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(-8,-10)
+ (3,3),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(0,0)
+ (3,3.5),(1,1)
+ (2.5,3.5),(-8,-10)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(0,0)
+ (3,3),(1,1)
+ (3,3),(-8,-10)
+ (3,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(3,3)
+(25 rows)
+
+-- Below box
+SELECT b1.f1, b2.f1, b1.f1 <^ b2.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b1, BOX_TBL b2;
+         f1          |         f1          | ?column? 
+---------------------+---------------------+----------
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | f
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | f
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | f
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | t
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | t
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | f
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | f
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | f
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | f
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | t
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (2,2),(0,0)         | f
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (3,3),(1,1)         | f
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | f
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | t
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (3,3),(3,3)         | t
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2,2),(0,0)         | f
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (3,3),(1,1)         | f
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | f
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | f
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (3,3),(3,3)         | f
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | f
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | f
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | f
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | f
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | t
+(25 rows)
+
+-- Above box
+SELECT b1.f1, b2.f1, b1.f1 >^ b2.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b1, BOX_TBL b2;
+         f1          |         f1          | ?column? 
+---------------------+---------------------+----------
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | f
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | f
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | f
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | f
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | f
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | f
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | f
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | f
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | f
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | f
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (2,2),(0,0)         | f
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (3,3),(1,1)         | f
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | f
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | f
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (3,3),(3,3)         | f
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2,2),(0,0)         | t
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (3,3),(1,1)         | f
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | t
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | f
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (3,3),(3,3)         | f
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | t
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | t
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | t
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | f
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | t
+(25 rows)
+
+-- Intersection point with box
+SELECT b1.f1, b2.f1, b1.f1 # b2.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b1, BOX_TBL b2;
+         f1          |         f1          |      ?column?       
+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | (2,2),(0,0)
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | (2,2),(1,1)
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | 
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | 
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | 
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | (2,2),(1,1)
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3),(1,1)
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | 
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3),(2.5,2.5)
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3),(3,3)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (2,2),(0,0)         | 
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (3,3),(1,1)         | 
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,2),(-8,-10)
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | 
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (3,3),(3,3)         | 
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2,2),(0,0)         | 
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (3,3),(1,1)         | (2.5,3),(2.5,2.5)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | 
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (3,3),(3,3)         | 
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | 
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3),(3,3)
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | 
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | 
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3),(3,3)
+(25 rows)
+
+-- Diagonal
+SELECT f1, diagonal(f1) FROM BOX_TBL;
+         f1          |       diagonal        
+---------------------+-----------------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | [(2,2),(0,0)]
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | [(3,3),(1,1)]
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | [(-2,2),(-8,-10)]
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | [(2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5)]
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | [(3,3),(3,3)]
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Distance to box
+SELECT b1.f1, b2.f1, b1.f1 <-> b2.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b1, BOX_TBL b2;
+         f1          |         f1          |   ?column?    
+---------------------+---------------------+---------------
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (2,2),(0,0)         |             0
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | 1.41421356237
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | 7.81024967591
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |           2.5
+ (2,2),(0,0)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | 2.82842712475
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | 1.41421356237
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3),(1,1)         |             0
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | 9.21954445729
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | 1.11803398875
+ (3,3),(1,1)         | (3,3),(3,3)         | 1.41421356237
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (2,2),(0,0)         | 7.81024967591
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (3,3),(1,1)         | 9.21954445729
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     |             0
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | 10.2591422643
+ (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | (3,3),(3,3)         | 10.6301458127
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2,2),(0,0)         |           2.5
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (3,3),(1,1)         | 1.11803398875
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | 10.2591422643
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |             0
+ (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) | (3,3),(3,3)         |           0.5
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (2,2),(0,0)         | 2.82842712475
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3),(1,1)         | 1.41421356237
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (-2,2),(-8,-10)     | 10.6301458127
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5) |           0.5
+ (3,3),(3,3)         | (3,3),(3,3)         |             0
+(25 rows)
+
+--
+-- Paths
+--
+-- Points
+SELECT f1, npoints(f1) FROM PATH_TBL;
+            f1             | npoints 
+---------------------------+---------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             |       2
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             |       2
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |       4
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             |       2
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             |       2
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             |       2
+ ((10,20))                 |       1
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         |       2
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         |       2
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Area
+SELECT f1, area(f1) FROM PATH_TBL;
+            f1             | area 
+---------------------------+------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             |     
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             |    0
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |     
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             |    0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             |    0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             |     
+ ((10,20))                 |    0
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         |     
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         |    0
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Length
+SELECT f1, @-@ f1 FROM PATH_TBL;
+            f1             |   ?column?    
+---------------------------+---------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 2.82842712475
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | 5.65685424949
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 11.2612971738
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | 5.65685424949
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | 5.65685424949
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 2.82842712475
+ ((10,20))                 |             0
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | 2.82842712475
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | 5.65685424949
+(9 rows)
+
+-- To polygon
+SELECT f1, f1::polygon FROM PATH_TBL WHERE isclosed(f1);
+        f1         |        f1         
+-------------------+-------------------
+ ((1,2),(3,4))     | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))     | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))     | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((10,20))         | ((10,20))
+ ((11,12),(13,14)) | ((11,12),(13,14))
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Open path cannot be converted to polygon error
+SELECT f1, f1::polygon FROM PATH_TBL WHERE isopen(f1);
+ERROR:  open path cannot be converted to polygon
+-- Has points less than path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 < p2.f1;
+        f1         |            f1             
+-------------------+---------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]     | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))     | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))     | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))     | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]     | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((10,20))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((10,20))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((10,20))         | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((10,20))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((10,20))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((10,20))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((10,20))         | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((10,20))         | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)] | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14)) | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+(15 rows)
+
+-- Has points less than or equal to path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 <= p2.f1;
+            f1             |            f1             
+---------------------------+---------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((10,20))                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((10,20))                 | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((10,20))                 | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((10,20))                 | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((10,20))                 | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((10,20))                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((10,20))                 | ((10,20))
+ ((10,20))                 | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((10,20))                 | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((11,12),(13,14))
+(66 rows)
+
+-- Has points equal to path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 = p2.f1;
+            f1             |            f1             
+---------------------------+---------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((10,20))                 | ((10,20))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((11,12),(13,14))
+(51 rows)
+
+-- Has points greater than or equal to path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 >= p2.f1;
+            f1             |            f1             
+---------------------------+---------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((10,20))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((10,20))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((10,20))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((10,20))                 | ((10,20))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((10,20))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((10,20))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((11,12),(13,14))
+(66 rows)
+
+-- Has points greater than path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 > p2.f1;
+            f1             |        f1         
+---------------------------+-------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((10,20))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((10,20))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((10,20))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((10,20))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((10,20))
+(15 rows)
+
+-- Add path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 + p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2;
+            f1             |            f1             |                     ?column?                      
+---------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4),(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(1,2),(3,4),(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4),(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((10,20))                 | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4),(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((11,12),(13,14))         | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))                 | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]         | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))         | 
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6),(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6),(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6),(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((10,20))                 | 
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6),(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((11,12),(13,14))         | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))                 | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]         | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))         | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))                 | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]         | 
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))         | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4),(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(1,2),(3,4),(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4),(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((10,20))                 | 
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4),(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((11,12),(13,14))         | 
+ ((10,20))                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 
+ ((10,20))                 | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((10,20))                 | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 
+ ((10,20))                 | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((10,20))                 | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((10,20))                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 
+ ((10,20))                 | ((10,20))                 | 
+ ((10,20))                 | [(11,12),(13,14)]         | 
+ ((10,20))                 | ((11,12),(13,14))         | 
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14),(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(11,12),(13,14),(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14),(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((10,20))                 | 
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(11,12),(13,14),(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((11,12),(13,14))         | 
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((10,20))                 | 
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(11,12),(13,14)]         | 
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((11,12),(13,14))         | 
+(81 rows)
+
+-- Add point
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 + p1.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p, POINT_TBL p1;
+            f1             |        f1         |                                 ?column?                                  
+---------------------------+-------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (0,0)             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (0,0)             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (0,0)             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (0,0)             | ((10,20))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (0,0)             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (0,0)             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-10,0)           | [(-9,2),(-7,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-10,0)           | ((-9,2),(-7,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (-10,0)           | [(-10,0),(-7,0),(-6,5),(-9,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-10,0)           | ((-9,2),(-7,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-10,0)           | ((-9,2),(-7,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-10,0)           | [(-9,2),(-7,4)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (-10,0)           | ((0,20))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (-10,0)           | [(1,12),(3,14)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (-10,0)           | ((1,12),(3,14))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-3,4)            | [(-2,6),(0,8)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-3,4)            | ((-2,6),(0,8))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (-3,4)            | [(-3,4),(0,4),(1,9),(-2,10)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-3,4)            | ((-2,6),(0,8))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-3,4)            | ((-2,6),(0,8))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-3,4)            | [(-2,6),(0,8)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (-3,4)            | ((7,24))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (-3,4)            | [(8,16),(10,18)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (-3,4)            | ((8,16),(10,18))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (5.1,34.5)        | [(6.1,36.5),(8.1,38.5)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5)        | ((6.1,36.5),(8.1,38.5))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (5.1,34.5)        | [(5.1,34.5),(8.1,34.5),(9.1,39.5),(6.1,40.5)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5)        | ((6.1,36.5),(8.1,38.5))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5)        | ((6.1,36.5),(8.1,38.5))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (5.1,34.5)        | [(6.1,36.5),(8.1,38.5)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (5.1,34.5)        | ((15.1,54.5))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (5.1,34.5)        | [(16.1,46.5),(18.1,48.5)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (5.1,34.5)        | ((16.1,46.5),(18.1,48.5))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-5,-12)          | [(-4,-10),(-2,-8)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-5,-12)          | ((-4,-10),(-2,-8))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (-5,-12)          | [(-5,-12),(-2,-12),(-1,-7),(-4,-6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-5,-12)          | ((-4,-10),(-2,-8))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-5,-12)          | ((-4,-10),(-2,-8))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-5,-12)          | [(-4,-10),(-2,-8)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (-5,-12)          | ((5,8))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (-5,-12)          | [(6,0),(8,2)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (-5,-12)          | ((6,0),(8,2))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(1e-300,-1e-300),(3,-1e-300),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((10,20))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1e+300,Infinity))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1e+300,Infinity),(1e+300,Infinity))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((Infinity,1e+300))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((Infinity,1e+300),(Infinity,1e+300))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (10,10)           | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)           | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (10,10)           | [(10,10),(13,10),(14,15),(11,16)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)           | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)           | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (10,10)           | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (10,10)           | ((20,30))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (10,10)           | [(21,22),(23,24)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (10,10)           | ((21,22),(23,24))
+(90 rows)
+
+-- Subtract point
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 - p1.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p, POINT_TBL p1;
+            f1             |        f1         |                                     ?column?                                      
+---------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (0,0)             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (0,0)             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (0,0)             | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (0,0)             | ((10,20))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (0,0)             | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (0,0)             | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-10,0)           | [(11,2),(13,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-10,0)           | ((11,2),(13,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (-10,0)           | [(10,0),(13,0),(14,5),(11,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-10,0)           | ((11,2),(13,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-10,0)           | ((11,2),(13,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-10,0)           | [(11,2),(13,4)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (-10,0)           | ((20,20))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (-10,0)           | [(21,12),(23,14)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (-10,0)           | ((21,12),(23,14))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-3,4)            | [(4,-2),(6,0)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-3,4)            | ((4,-2),(6,0))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (-3,4)            | [(3,-4),(6,-4),(7,1),(4,2)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-3,4)            | ((4,-2),(6,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-3,4)            | ((4,-2),(6,0))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-3,4)            | [(4,-2),(6,0)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (-3,4)            | ((13,16))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (-3,4)            | [(14,8),(16,10)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (-3,4)            | ((14,8),(16,10))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (5.1,34.5)        | [(-4.1,-32.5),(-2.1,-30.5)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5)        | ((-4.1,-32.5),(-2.1,-30.5))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (5.1,34.5)        | [(-5.1,-34.5),(-2.1,-34.5),(-1.1,-29.5),(-4.1,-28.5)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5)        | ((-4.1,-32.5),(-2.1,-30.5))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5)        | ((-4.1,-32.5),(-2.1,-30.5))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (5.1,34.5)        | [(-4.1,-32.5),(-2.1,-30.5)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (5.1,34.5)        | ((4.9,-14.5))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (5.1,34.5)        | [(5.9,-22.5),(7.9,-20.5)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (5.1,34.5)        | ((5.9,-22.5),(7.9,-20.5))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-5,-12)          | [(6,14),(8,16)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-5,-12)          | ((6,14),(8,16))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (-5,-12)          | [(5,12),(8,12),(9,17),(6,18)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-5,-12)          | ((6,14),(8,16))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-5,-12)          | ((6,14),(8,16))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-5,-12)          | [(6,14),(8,16)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (-5,-12)          | ((15,32))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (-5,-12)          | [(16,24),(18,26)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (-5,-12)          | ((16,24),(18,26))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(-1e-300,1e-300),(3,1e-300),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((10,20))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((11,12),(13,14))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((-1e+300,-Infinity))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((-1e+300,-Infinity),(-1e+300,-Infinity))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((-Infinity,-1e+300))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((-Infinity,-1e+300),(-Infinity,-1e+300))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (10,10)           | [(-9,-8),(-7,-6)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)           | ((-9,-8),(-7,-6))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (10,10)           | [(-10,-10),(-7,-10),(-6,-5),(-9,-4)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)           | ((-9,-8),(-7,-6))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)           | ((-9,-8),(-7,-6))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (10,10)           | [(-9,-8),(-7,-6)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (10,10)           | ((0,10))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (10,10)           | [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (10,10)           | ((1,2),(3,4))
+(90 rows)
+
+-- Multiply with point
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 * p1.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p, POINT_TBL p1;
+            f1             |        f1         |                               ?column?                               
+---------------------------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (0,0)             | [(0,0),(0,0)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (0,0)             | ((0,0),(0,0))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (0,0)             | [(0,0),(0,0),(0,0),(0,0)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (0,0)             | ((0,0),(0,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (0,0)             | ((0,0),(0,0))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (0,0)             | [(0,0),(0,0)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (0,0)             | ((0,0))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (0,0)             | [(0,0),(0,0)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (0,0)             | ((0,0),(0,0))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-10,0)           | [(-10,-20),(-30,-40)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-10,0)           | ((-10,-20),(-30,-40))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (-10,0)           | [(-0,0),(-30,0),(-40,-50),(-10,-60)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-10,0)           | ((-10,-20),(-30,-40))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-10,0)           | ((-10,-20),(-30,-40))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-10,0)           | [(-10,-20),(-30,-40)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (-10,0)           | ((-100,-200))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (-10,0)           | [(-110,-120),(-130,-140)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (-10,0)           | ((-110,-120),(-130,-140))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-3,4)            | [(-11,-2),(-25,0)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-3,4)            | ((-11,-2),(-25,0))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (-3,4)            | [(-0,0),(-9,12),(-32,1),(-27,-14)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-3,4)            | ((-11,-2),(-25,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-3,4)            | ((-11,-2),(-25,0))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-3,4)            | [(-11,-2),(-25,0)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (-3,4)            | ((-110,-20))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (-3,4)            | [(-81,8),(-95,10)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (-3,4)            | ((-81,8),(-95,10))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (5.1,34.5)        | [(-63.9,44.7),(-122.7,123.9)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5)        | ((-63.9,44.7),(-122.7,123.9))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (5.1,34.5)        | [(0,0),(15.3,103.5),(-152.1,163.5),(-201.9,65.1)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5)        | ((-63.9,44.7),(-122.7,123.9))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5)        | ((-63.9,44.7),(-122.7,123.9))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (5.1,34.5)        | [(-63.9,44.7),(-122.7,123.9)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (5.1,34.5)        | ((-639,447))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (5.1,34.5)        | [(-357.9,440.7),(-416.7,519.9)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (5.1,34.5)        | ((-357.9,440.7),(-416.7,519.9))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-5,-12)          | [(19,-22),(33,-56)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-5,-12)          | ((19,-22),(33,-56))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (-5,-12)          | [(0,-0),(-15,-36),(40,-73),(67,-42)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-5,-12)          | ((19,-22),(33,-56))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (-5,-12)          | ((19,-22),(33,-56))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (-5,-12)          | [(19,-22),(33,-56)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (-5,-12)          | ((190,-220))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (-5,-12)          | [(89,-192),(103,-226)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (-5,-12)          | ((89,-192),(103,-226))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(3e-300,1e-300),(7e-300,1e-300)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((3e-300,1e-300),(7e-300,1e-300))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(0,0),(3e-300,-3e-300),(9e-300,1e-300),(7e-300,5e-300)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((3e-300,1e-300),(7e-300,1e-300))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((3e-300,1e-300),(7e-300,1e-300))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(3e-300,1e-300),(7e-300,1e-300)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((3e-299,1e-299))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | [(2.3e-299,1e-300),(2.7e-299,1e-300)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((2.3e-299,1e-300),(2.7e-299,1e-300))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((-Infinity,Infinity))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (1e+300,Infinity) | [(-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (1e+300,Infinity) | ((-Infinity,Infinity),(-Infinity,Infinity))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(Infinity,Infinity),(Infinity,Infinity)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((Infinity,Infinity),(Infinity,Infinity))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(NaN,NaN),(Infinity,NaN),(Infinity,Infinity),(Infinity,Infinity)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((Infinity,Infinity),(Infinity,Infinity))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((Infinity,Infinity),(Infinity,Infinity))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(Infinity,Infinity),(Infinity,Infinity)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((Infinity,Infinity))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (Infinity,1e+300) | [(Infinity,Infinity),(Infinity,Infinity)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (Infinity,1e+300) | ((Infinity,Infinity),(Infinity,Infinity))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (NaN,NaN)         | [(NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (NaN,NaN)         | ((NaN,NaN),(NaN,NaN))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (10,10)           | [(-10,30),(-10,70)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)           | ((-10,30),(-10,70))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (10,10)           | [(0,0),(30,30),(-10,90),(-50,70)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)           | ((-10,30),(-10,70))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)           | ((-10,30),(-10,70))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (10,10)           | [(-10,30),(-10,70)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (10,10)           | ((-100,300))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (10,10)           | [(-10,230),(-10,270)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (10,10)           | ((-10,230),(-10,270))
+(90 rows)
+
+-- Divide by point
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 / p1.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p, POINT_TBL p1 WHERE p1.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+            f1             |     f1     |                                                    ?column?                                                     
+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (5.1,34.5) | [(0.0609244733856,-0.0199792807459),(0.12604212915,-0.0683242069952)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (10,10)    | [(0.15,0.05),(0.35,0.05)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5) | ((0.0609244733856,-0.0199792807459),(0.12604212915,-0.0683242069952))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)    | ((0.15,0.05),(0.35,0.05))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (5.1,34.5) | [(0,0),(0.0125795471363,-0.0850969365103),(0.158600957032,-0.0924966701199),(0.174387055399,-0.00320655123082)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | (10,10)    | [(0,0),(0.15,-0.15),(0.45,0.05),(0.35,0.25)]
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5) | ((0.0609244733856,-0.0199792807459),(0.12604212915,-0.0683242069952))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)    | ((0.15,0.05),(0.35,0.05))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (5.1,34.5) | ((0.0609244733856,-0.0199792807459),(0.12604212915,-0.0683242069952))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | (10,10)    | ((0.15,0.05),(0.35,0.05))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (5.1,34.5) | [(0.0609244733856,-0.0199792807459),(0.12604212915,-0.0683242069952)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | (10,10)    | [(0.15,0.05),(0.35,0.05)]
+ ((10,20))                 | (5.1,34.5) | ((0.609244733856,-0.199792807459))
+ ((10,20))                 | (10,10)    | ((1.5,0.5))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (5.1,34.5) | [(0.386512752208,-0.261703911993),(0.451630407972,-0.310048838242)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | (10,10)    | [(1.15,0.05),(1.35,0.05)]
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (5.1,34.5) | ((0.386512752208,-0.261703911993),(0.451630407972,-0.310048838242))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | (10,10)    | ((1.15,0.05),(1.35,0.05))
+(18 rows)
+
+-- Division by 0 error
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 / p1.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p, POINT_TBL p1 WHERE p1.f1 ~= '(0,0)'::point;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+-- Distance to path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 <-> p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2;
+            f1             |            f1             |    ?column?    
+---------------------------+---------------------------+----------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 0.784464540553
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((10,20))                 |  17.4642491966
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |   11.313708499
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((11,12),(13,14))         |   11.313708499
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 0.784464540553
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))                 |  17.4642491966
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |   11.313708499
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))         |   11.313708499
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 0.784464540553
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 0.784464540553
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |              0
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 0.784464540553
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((1,2),(3,4))             | 0.784464540553
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(1,2),(3,4)]             | 0.784464540553
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((10,20))                 |  16.1554944214
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |  9.89949493661
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((11,12),(13,14))         |  9.89949493661
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 0.784464540553
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))                 |  17.4642491966
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |   11.313708499
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))         |   11.313708499
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 0.784464540553
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((10,20))                 |  17.4642491966
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |   11.313708499
+ ((1,2),(3,4))             | ((11,12),(13,14))         |   11.313708499
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | 0.784464540553
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))             |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |              0
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((10,20))                 |  17.4642491966
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |   11.313708499
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((11,12),(13,14))         |   11.313708499
+ ((10,20))                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |  17.4642491966
+ ((10,20))                 | ((1,2),(3,4))             |  17.4642491966
+ ((10,20))                 | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |  16.1554944214
+ ((10,20))                 | ((1,2),(3,4))             |  17.4642491966
+ ((10,20))                 | ((1,2),(3,4))             |  17.4642491966
+ ((10,20))                 | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |  17.4642491966
+ ((10,20))                 | ((10,20))                 |              0
+ ((10,20))                 | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |   6.7082039325
+ ((10,20))                 | ((11,12),(13,14))         |   6.7082039325
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |   11.313708499
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))             |   11.313708499
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |  9.89949493661
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))             |   11.313708499
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((1,2),(3,4))             |   11.313708499
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |   11.313708499
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((10,20))                 |   6.7082039325
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |              0
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((11,12),(13,14))         |              0
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |   11.313708499
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))             |   11.313708499
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] |  9.89949493661
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))             |   11.313708499
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((1,2),(3,4))             |   11.313708499
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(1,2),(3,4)]             |   11.313708499
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((10,20))                 |   6.7082039325
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | [(11,12),(13,14)]         |              0
+ ((11,12),(13,14))         | ((11,12),(13,14))         |              0
+(81 rows)
+
+--
+-- Polygons
+--
+-- containment
+SELECT p.f1, poly.f1, poly.f1 @> p.f1 AS contains
+   FROM POLYGON_TBL poly, POINT_TBL p;
+        f1         |             f1             | contains 
+-------------------+----------------------------+----------
+ (0,0)             | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | t
+ (0,0)             | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (0,0)             | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (0,0)             | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (0,0)             | ((0,0))                    | t
+ (0,0)             | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | t
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((0,0))                    | t
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((0,0))                    | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((0,1),(0,1))              | t
+ (10,10)           | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (10,10)           | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (10,10)           | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (10,10)           | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (10,10)           | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (10,10)           | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (10,10)           | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+(70 rows)
+
+SELECT p.f1, poly.f1, p.f1 <@ poly.f1 AS contained
+   FROM POLYGON_TBL poly, POINT_TBL p;
+        f1         |             f1             | contained 
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------
+ (0,0)             | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | t
+ (0,0)             | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (0,0)             | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (0,0)             | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (0,0)             | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (0,0)             | ((0,0))                    | t
+ (0,0)             | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (-10,0)           | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (-3,4)            | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (5.1,34.5)        | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (-5,-12)          | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | t
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((0,0))                    | t
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((0,0))                    | t
+ (NaN,NaN)         | ((0,1),(0,1))              | t
+ (10,10)           | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | f
+ (10,10)           | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | f
+ (10,10)           | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | f
+ (10,10)           | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | f
+ (10,10)           | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | f
+ (10,10)           | ((0,0))                    | f
+ (10,10)           | ((0,1),(0,1))              | f
+(70 rows)
+
+SELECT npoints(f1) AS npoints, f1 AS polygon
+   FROM POLYGON_TBL;
+ npoints |          polygon           
+---------+----------------------------
+       3 | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+       3 | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+       4 | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+       4 | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+       4 | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+       1 | ((0,0))
+       2 | ((0,1),(0,1))
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT polygon(f1)
+   FROM BOX_TBL;
+                  polygon                  
+-------------------------------------------
+ ((0,0),(0,2),(2,2),(2,0))
+ ((1,1),(1,3),(3,3),(3,1))
+ ((-8,-10),(-8,2),(-2,2),(-2,-10))
+ ((2.5,2.5),(2.5,3.5),(2.5,3.5),(2.5,2.5))
+ ((3,3),(3,3),(3,3),(3,3))
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT polygon(f1)
+   FROM PATH_TBL WHERE isclosed(f1);
+      polygon      
+-------------------
+ ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((10,20))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS open_path, polygon( pclose(f1)) AS polygon
+   FROM PATH_TBL
+   WHERE isopen(f1);
+         open_path         |          polygon          
+---------------------------+---------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)] | ((0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6))
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]             | ((1,2),(3,4))
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]         | ((11,12),(13,14))
+(4 rows)
+
+-- To box
+SELECT f1, f1::box FROM POLYGON_TBL;
+             f1             |      f1      
+----------------------------+--------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | (2,4),(0,0)
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | (3,3),(1,0)
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | (7,8),(1,2)
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | (7,8),(1,2)
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | (7,8),(1,-4)
+ ((0,0))                    | (0,0),(0,0)
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | (0,1),(0,1)
+(7 rows)
+
+-- To path
+SELECT f1, f1::path FROM POLYGON_TBL;
+             f1             |             f1             
+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,1),(0,1))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Same as polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 ~= p2.f1;
+             f1             |             f1             
+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,1),(0,1))
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Contained by polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 <@ p2.f1;
+             f1             |             f1             
+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,1),(0,1))
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Contains polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 @> p2.f1;
+             f1             |             f1             
+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,1),(0,1))
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Overlap with polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 && p2.f1;
+             f1             |             f1             
+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,1),(0,1))
+(25 rows)
+
+-- Left of polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 << p2.f1;
+      f1       |             f1             
+---------------+----------------------------
+ ((0,0))       | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((0,0))       | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((0,0))       | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((0,0))       | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,1),(0,1)) | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1)) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((0,1),(0,1)) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((0,1),(0,1)) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Overlap of left of polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 &< p2.f1;
+             f1             |             f1             
+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,1),(0,1))
+(32 rows)
+
+-- Right of polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 >> p2.f1;
+             f1             |      f1       
+----------------------------+---------------
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((0,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((0,0))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((0,0))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((0,1),(0,1))
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Overlap of right of polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 &> p2.f1;
+             f1             |             f1             
+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((0,0))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((0,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((0,0))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((0,0))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,1),(0,1))
+(37 rows)
+
+-- Below polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 <<| p2.f1;
+      f1       |            f1             
+---------------+---------------------------
+ ((0,0))       | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((0,0))       | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((0,0))       | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((0,1),(0,1)) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((0,1),(0,1)) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Overlap or below polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 &<| p2.f1;
+             f1             |             f1             
+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,1),(0,1))
+(31 rows)
+
+-- Above polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 |>> p2.f1;
+            f1             |      f1       
+---------------------------+---------------
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8)) | ((0,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8)) | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2)) | ((0,0))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2)) | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))             | ((0,0))
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Overlap or above polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 |&> p2.f1;
+             f1             |             f1             
+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((0,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((0,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((0,0))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((0,1),(0,1))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,1),(0,1))
+(32 rows)
+
+-- Distance to polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 <-> p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2;
+             f1             |             f1             |    ?column?    
+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |              0
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |              0
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |              0
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |              0
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |              0
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((0,0))                    |              0
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        | ((0,1),(0,1))              |   0.4472135955
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |              0
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |              0
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | 0.707106781187
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | 0.707106781187
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |              0
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((0,0))                    |              1
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | ((0,1),(0,1))              |  1.38675049056
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | 0.707106781187
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |              0
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((0,0))                    |   2.2360679775
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | ((0,1),(0,1))              |  1.41421356237
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |              0
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        | 0.707106781187
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |              0
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |              0
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |              0
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((0,0))                    |   2.2360679775
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | ((0,1),(0,1))              |  1.41421356237
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |              0
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |              0
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |              0
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |              0
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |              0
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((0,0))                    |  1.58113883008
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | ((0,1),(0,1))              |  1.26491106407
+ ((0,0))                    | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |              0
+ ((0,0))                    | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |              1
+ ((0,0))                    | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |   2.2360679775
+ ((0,0))                    | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |   2.2360679775
+ ((0,0))                    | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |  1.58113883008
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,0))                    |              0
+ ((0,0))                    | ((0,1),(0,1))              |              1
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |   0.4472135955
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |  1.38675049056
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |  1.41421356237
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |  1.41421356237
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |  1.26491106407
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,0))                    |              1
+ ((0,1),(0,1))              | ((0,1),(0,1))              |              0
+(49 rows)
+
+--
+-- Circles
+--
+SELECT circle(f1, 50.0)
+   FROM POINT_TBL;
+         circle         
+------------------------
+ <(0,0),50>
+ <(-10,0),50>
+ <(-3,4),50>
+ <(5.1,34.5),50>
+ <(-5,-12),50>
+ <(1e-300,-1e-300),50>
+ <(1e+300,Infinity),50>
+ <(Infinity,1e+300),50>
+ <(NaN,NaN),50>
+ <(10,10),50>
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT circle(f1)
+   FROM BOX_TBL;
+         circle         
+------------------------
+ <(1,1),1.41421356237>
+ <(2,2),1.41421356237>
+ <(-5,-4),6.7082039325>
+ <(2.5,3),0.5>
+ <(3,3),0>
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT circle(f1)
+   FROM POLYGON_TBL
+   WHERE (# f1) >= 3;
+                    circle                     
+-----------------------------------------------
+ <(1.33333333333,1.33333333333),2.04168905064>
+ <(2.33333333333,1.33333333333),1.47534300379>
+ <(4,5),2.82842712475>
+ <(4,5),2.82842712475>
+ <(4,3),4.80664375676>
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT c1.f1 AS circle, p1.f1 AS point, (p1.f1 <-> c1.f1) AS distance
+   FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, POINT_TBL p1
+   WHERE (p1.f1 <-> c1.f1) > 0
+   ORDER BY distance, area(c1.f1), p1.f1[0];
+     circle     |       point       |   distance    
+----------------+-------------------+---------------
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-3,4)            |   1.472135955
+ <(5,1),3>      | (0,0)             | 2.09901951359
+ <(5,1),3>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | 2.09901951359
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-3,4)            | 5.54400374532
+ <(3,5),0>      | (0,0)             | 5.83095189485
+ <(3,5),0>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | 5.83095189485
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-3,4)            |  6.0827625303
+ <(1,3),5>      | (-10,0)           | 6.40175425099
+ <(1,3),5>      | (10,10)           | 6.40175425099
+ <(5,1),3>      | (10,10)           | 7.29563014099
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-10,0)           |  8.1803398875
+ <(3,5),0>      | (10,10)           | 8.60232526704
+ <(1,2),3>      | (10,10)           | 9.04159457879
+ <(1,3),5>      | (-5,-12)          | 11.1554944214
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-10,0)           | 12.0332963784
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-5,-12)          | 12.2315462117
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-5,-12)          | 13.4012194669
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-10,0)           | 13.9283882772
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-5,-12)          | 18.7882942281
+ <(1,3),5>      | (5.1,34.5)        | 26.7657047773
+ <(3,5),0>      | (5.1,34.5)        | 29.5746513082
+ <(1,2),3>      | (5.1,34.5)        | 29.7575945393
+ <(5,1),3>      | (5.1,34.5)        | 30.5001492534
+ <(100,200),10> | (5.1,34.5)        | 180.778038568
+ <(100,200),10> | (10,10)           | 200.237960416
+ <(100,200),10> | (-3,4)            | 211.415898255
+ <(100,200),10> | (0,0)             |  213.60679775
+ <(100,200),10> | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |  213.60679775
+ <(100,200),10> | (-10,0)           |  218.25424421
+ <(100,200),10> | (-5,-12)          | 226.577682802
+ <(3,5),0>      | (1e+300,Infinity) |      Infinity
+ <(3,5),0>      | (Infinity,1e+300) |      Infinity
+ <(1,2),3>      | (1e+300,Infinity) |      Infinity
+ <(5,1),3>      | (1e+300,Infinity) |      Infinity
+ <(5,1),3>      | (Infinity,1e+300) |      Infinity
+ <(1,2),3>      | (Infinity,1e+300) |      Infinity
+ <(1,3),5>      | (1e+300,Infinity) |      Infinity
+ <(1,3),5>      | (Infinity,1e+300) |      Infinity
+ <(100,200),10> | (1e+300,Infinity) |      Infinity
+ <(100,200),10> | (Infinity,1e+300) |      Infinity
+ <(1,2),100>    | (1e+300,Infinity) |      Infinity
+ <(1,2),100>    | (Infinity,1e+300) |      Infinity
+ <(100,1),115>  | (1e+300,Infinity) |      Infinity
+ <(100,1),115>  | (Infinity,1e+300) |      Infinity
+ <(3,5),0>      | (NaN,NaN)         |           NaN
+ <(1,2),3>      | (NaN,NaN)         |           NaN
+ <(5,1),3>      | (NaN,NaN)         |           NaN
+ <(1,3),5>      | (NaN,NaN)         |           NaN
+ <(100,200),10> | (NaN,NaN)         |           NaN
+ <(1,2),100>    | (NaN,NaN)         |           NaN
+ <(100,1),115>  | (NaN,NaN)         |           NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-10,0)           |           NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-5,-12)          |           NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-3,4)            |           NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (0,0)             |           NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |           NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (5.1,34.5)        |           NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (10,10)           |           NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (1e+300,Infinity) |           NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (Infinity,1e+300) |           NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (NaN,NaN)         |           NaN
+(61 rows)
+
+-- To polygon
+SELECT f1, f1::polygon FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 >= '<(0,0),1>';
+       f1       |                                                                                                          f1                                                                                                          
+----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | ((2,1),(2.40192378865,2.5),(3.5,3.59807621135),(5,4),(6.5,3.59807621135),(7.59807621135,2.5),(8,1),(7.59807621135,-0.5),(6.5,-1.59807621135),(5,-2),(3.5,-1.59807621135),(2.40192378865,-0.5))
+ <(1,2),100>    | ((-99,2),(-85.6025403784,52),(-49,88.6025403784),(1,102),(51,88.6025403784),(87.6025403784,52),(101,2),(87.6025403784,-48),(51,-84.6025403784),(1,-98),(-49,-84.6025403784),(-85.6025403784,-48))
+ <(1,3),5>      | ((-4,3),(-3.33012701892,5.5),(-1.5,7.33012701892),(1,8),(3.5,7.33012701892),(5.33012701892,5.5),(6,3),(5.33012701892,0.5),(3.5,-1.33012701892),(1,-2),(-1.5,-1.33012701892),(-3.33012701892,0.5))
+ <(1,2),3>      | ((-2,2),(-1.59807621135,3.5),(-0.5,4.59807621135),(1,5),(2.5,4.59807621135),(3.59807621135,3.5),(4,2),(3.59807621135,0.5),(2.5,-0.598076211353),(1,-1),(-0.5,-0.598076211353),(-1.59807621135,0.5))
+ <(100,200),10> | ((90,200),(91.3397459622,205),(95,208.660254038),(100,210),(105,208.660254038),(108.660254038,205),(110,200),(108.660254038,195),(105,191.339745962),(100,190),(95,191.339745962),(91.3397459622,195))
+ <(100,1),115>  | ((-15,1),(0.40707856479,58.5),(42.5,100.592921435),(100,116),(157.5,100.592921435),(199.592921435,58.5),(215,1),(199.592921435,-56.5),(157.5,-98.5929214352),(100,-114),(42.5,-98.5929214352),(0.40707856479,-56.5))
+(6 rows)
+
+-- To polygon with less points
+SELECT f1, polygon(8, f1) FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 >= '<(0,0),1>';
+       f1       |                                                                             polygon                                                                              
+----------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | ((2,1),(2.87867965644,3.12132034356),(5,4),(7.12132034356,3.12132034356),(8,1),(7.12132034356,-1.12132034356),(5,-2),(2.87867965644,-1.12132034356))
+ <(1,2),100>    | ((-99,2),(-69.7106781187,72.7106781187),(1,102),(71.7106781187,72.7106781187),(101,2),(71.7106781187,-68.7106781187),(1,-98),(-69.7106781187,-68.7106781187))
+ <(1,3),5>      | ((-4,3),(-2.53553390593,6.53553390593),(1,8),(4.53553390593,6.53553390593),(6,3),(4.53553390593,-0.535533905933),(1,-2),(-2.53553390593,-0.535533905933))
+ <(1,2),3>      | ((-2,2),(-1.12132034356,4.12132034356),(1,5),(3.12132034356,4.12132034356),(4,2),(3.12132034356,-0.12132034356),(1,-1),(-1.12132034356,-0.12132034356))
+ <(100,200),10> | ((90,200),(92.9289321881,207.071067812),(100,210),(107.071067812,207.071067812),(110,200),(107.071067812,192.928932188),(100,190),(92.9289321881,192.928932188))
+ <(100,1),115>  | ((-15,1),(18.6827201635,82.3172798365),(100,116),(181.317279836,82.3172798365),(215,1),(181.317279836,-80.3172798365),(100,-114),(18.6827201635,-80.3172798365))
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Error for insufficient number of points
+SELECT f1, polygon(1, f1) FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 >= '<(0,0),1>';
+ERROR:  must request at least 2 points
+-- Zero radius error
+SELECT f1, polygon(10, f1) FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 < '<(0,0),1>';
+ERROR:  cannot convert circle with radius zero to polygon
+-- Same as circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 ~= c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | <(3,5),NaN>
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Overlap with circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 && c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(3,5),0>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(3,5),0>
+(33 rows)
+
+-- Overlap or left of circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 &< c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(3,5),0>
+(28 rows)
+
+-- Left of circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 << c2.f1;
+    f1     |       f1       
+-----------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,3),5> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),3> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(3,5),0> | <(100,200),10>
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Right of circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 >> c2.f1;
+       f1       |    f1     
+----------------+-----------
+ <(100,200),10> | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(3,5),0>
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Overlap or right of circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 &> c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(3,5),0>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(3,5),0>
+(28 rows)
+
+-- Contained by circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 <@ c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(3,5),0>
+(17 rows)
+
+-- Contain by circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 @> c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(3,5),0>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(3,5),0>
+(17 rows)
+
+-- Below circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 <<| c2.f1;
+      f1       |       f1       
+---------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>     | <(100,200),10>
+ <(5,1),3>     | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,2),100>   | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,3),5>     | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),3>     | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(3,5),0>     | <(100,200),10>
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Above circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 |>> c2.f1;
+       f1       |      f1       
+----------------+---------------
+ <(100,200),10> | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(3,5),0>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(5,1),3>
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Overlap or below circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 &<| c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(3,5),0>
+(29 rows)
+
+-- Overlap or above circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 |&> c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(3,5),0>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(3,5),0>
+(29 rows)
+
+-- Area equal with circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 = c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(3,5),0>
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Area not equal with circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 != c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(3,5),0>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(3,5),0>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,1),115>
+(40 rows)
+
+-- Area less than circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 < c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,1),115>
+(20 rows)
+
+-- Area greater than circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 > c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(3,5),0>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(3,5),0>
+(20 rows)
+
+-- Area less than or equal circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 <= c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(3,5),0>
+(29 rows)
+
+-- Area greater than or equal circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 >= c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(3,5),0>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(3,5),0>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(5,1),3>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,3),5>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,1),115>  | <(3,5),0>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(3,5),0>
+(29 rows)
+
+-- Area less than circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 < c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,1),115>
+(20 rows)
+
+-- Area greater than circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 < c2.f1;
+       f1       |       f1       
+----------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(5,1),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),100>    | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,3),5>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(1,2),3>      | <(100,1),115>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,200),10> | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(5,1),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),100>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,3),5>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(1,2),3>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,200),10>
+ <(3,5),0>      | <(100,1),115>
+(20 rows)
+
+-- Add point
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 + p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p;
+       f1       |        f1         |        ?column?         
+----------------+-------------------+-------------------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | (0,0)             | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (0,0)             | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (0,0)             | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (0,0)             | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (0,0)             | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (0,0)             | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (0,0)             | <(3,5),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (0,0)             | <(3,5),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-10,0)           | <(-5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (-10,0)           | <(-9,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (-10,0)           | <(-9,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-10,0)           | <(-9,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (-10,0)           | <(90,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (-10,0)           | <(90,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-10,0)           | <(-7,5),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-10,0)           | <(-7,5),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-3,4)            | <(2,5),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (-3,4)            | <(-2,6),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (-3,4)            | <(-2,7),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-3,4)            | <(-2,6),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (-3,4)            | <(97,204),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (-3,4)            | <(97,5),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-3,4)            | <(0,9),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-3,4)            | <(0,9),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(10.1,35.5),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (5.1,34.5)        | <(6.1,36.5),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(6.1,37.5),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(6.1,36.5),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (5.1,34.5)        | <(105.1,234.5),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (5.1,34.5)        | <(105.1,35.5),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(8.1,39.5),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (5.1,34.5)        | <(8.1,39.5),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-5,-12)          | <(0,-11),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (-5,-12)          | <(-4,-10),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (-5,-12)          | <(-4,-9),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-5,-12)          | <(-4,-10),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (-5,-12)          | <(95,188),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (-5,-12)          | <(95,-11),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-5,-12)          | <(-2,-7),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-5,-12)          | <(-2,-7),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(3,5),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(3,5),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(1e+300,Infinity),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(1e+300,Infinity),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(1e+300,Infinity),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(1e+300,Infinity),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(1e+300,Infinity),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(1e+300,Infinity),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(1e+300,Infinity),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(1e+300,Infinity),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,1e+300),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,1e+300),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,1e+300),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,1e+300),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,1e+300),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,1e+300),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,1e+300),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,1e+300),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (10,10)           | <(15,11),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (10,10)           | <(11,12),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (10,10)           | <(11,13),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (10,10)           | <(11,12),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (10,10)           | <(110,210),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (10,10)           | <(110,11),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (10,10)           | <(13,15),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (10,10)           | <(13,15),NaN>
+(80 rows)
+
+-- Subtract point
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 - p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p;
+       f1       |        f1         |         ?column?          
+----------------+-------------------+---------------------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | (0,0)             | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (0,0)             | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (0,0)             | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (0,0)             | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (0,0)             | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (0,0)             | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (0,0)             | <(3,5),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (0,0)             | <(3,5),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-10,0)           | <(15,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (-10,0)           | <(11,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (-10,0)           | <(11,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-10,0)           | <(11,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (-10,0)           | <(110,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (-10,0)           | <(110,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-10,0)           | <(13,5),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-10,0)           | <(13,5),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-3,4)            | <(8,-3),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (-3,4)            | <(4,-2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (-3,4)            | <(4,-1),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-3,4)            | <(4,-2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (-3,4)            | <(103,196),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (-3,4)            | <(103,-3),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-3,4)            | <(6,1),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-3,4)            | <(6,1),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-0.1,-33.5),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-4.1,-32.5),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-4.1,-31.5),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-4.1,-32.5),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (5.1,34.5)        | <(94.9,165.5),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (5.1,34.5)        | <(94.9,-33.5),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-2.1,-29.5),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-2.1,-29.5),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-5,-12)          | <(10,13),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (-5,-12)          | <(6,14),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (-5,-12)          | <(6,15),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-5,-12)          | <(6,14),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (-5,-12)          | <(105,212),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (-5,-12)          | <(105,13),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-5,-12)          | <(8,17),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-5,-12)          | <(8,17),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(5,1),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(1,2),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(1,2),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(100,200),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(100,1),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(3,5),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(3,5),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-1e+300,-Infinity),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-1e+300,-Infinity),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-1e+300,-Infinity),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-1e+300,-Infinity),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-1e+300,-Infinity),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-1e+300,-Infinity),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-1e+300,-Infinity),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-1e+300,-Infinity),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(-Infinity,-1e+300),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(-Infinity,-1e+300),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(-Infinity,-1e+300),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(-Infinity,-1e+300),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(-Infinity,-1e+300),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(-Infinity,-1e+300),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(-Infinity,-1e+300),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(-Infinity,-1e+300),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (10,10)           | <(-5,-9),3>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (10,10)           | <(-9,-8),100>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (10,10)           | <(-9,-7),5>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (10,10)           | <(-9,-8),3>
+ <(100,200),10> | (10,10)           | <(90,190),10>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (10,10)           | <(90,-9),115>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (10,10)           | <(-7,-5),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (10,10)           | <(-7,-5),NaN>
+(80 rows)
+
+-- Multiply with point
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 * p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p;
+       f1       |        f1         |                  ?column?                  
+----------------+-------------------+--------------------------------------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | (0,0)             | <(0,0),0>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (0,0)             | <(0,0),0>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (0,0)             | <(0,0),0>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (0,0)             | <(0,0),0>
+ <(100,200),10> | (0,0)             | <(0,0),0>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (0,0)             | <(0,0),0>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (0,0)             | <(0,0),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (0,0)             | <(0,0),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-10,0)           | <(-50,-10),30>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (-10,0)           | <(-10,-20),1000>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (-10,0)           | <(-10,-30),50>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-10,0)           | <(-10,-20),30>
+ <(100,200),10> | (-10,0)           | <(-1000,-2000),100>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (-10,0)           | <(-1000,-10),1150>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-10,0)           | <(-30,-50),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-10,0)           | <(-30,-50),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-3,4)            | <(-19,17),15>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (-3,4)            | <(-11,-2),500>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (-3,4)            | <(-15,-5),25>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-3,4)            | <(-11,-2),15>
+ <(100,200),10> | (-3,4)            | <(-1100,-200),50>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (-3,4)            | <(-304,397),575>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-3,4)            | <(-29,-3),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-3,4)            | <(-29,-3),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-9,177.6),104.624758064>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-63.9,44.7),3487.49193547>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-98.4,49.8),174.374596774>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-63.9,44.7),104.624758064>
+ <(100,200),10> | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-6390,4470),348.749193547>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (5.1,34.5)        | <(475.5,3455.1),4010.6157258>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-157.2,129),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (5.1,34.5)        | <(-157.2,129),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (-5,-12)          | <(-13,-65),39>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (-5,-12)          | <(19,-22),1300>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (-5,-12)          | <(31,-27),65>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (-5,-12)          | <(19,-22),39>
+ <(100,200),10> | (-5,-12)          | <(1900,-2200),130>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (-5,-12)          | <(-488,-1205),1495>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (-5,-12)          | <(45,-61),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (-5,-12)          | <(45,-61),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(6e-300,-4e-300),4.24264068712e-300>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(3e-300,1e-300),1.41421356237e-298>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(4e-300,2e-300),7.07106781187e-300>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(3e-300,1e-300),4.24264068712e-300>
+ <(100,200),10> | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(3e-298,1e-298),1.41421356237e-299>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(1.01e-298,-9.9e-299),1.62634559673e-298>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(8e-300,2e-300),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | <(8e-300,2e-300),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(100,200),10> | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-Infinity,Infinity),NaN>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (1e+300,Infinity) | <(-Infinity,Infinity),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(100,200),10> | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,Infinity),Infinity>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,Infinity),NaN>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (Infinity,1e+300) | <(Infinity,Infinity),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),NaN>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),NaN>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),NaN>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),NaN>
+ <(100,200),10> | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),NaN>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),NaN>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),NaN>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (NaN,NaN)         | <(NaN,NaN),NaN>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (10,10)           | <(40,60),42.4264068712>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (10,10)           | <(-10,30),1414.21356237>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (10,10)           | <(-20,40),70.7106781187>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (10,10)           | <(-10,30),42.4264068712>
+ <(100,200),10> | (10,10)           | <(-1000,3000),141.421356237>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (10,10)           | <(990,1010),1626.34559673>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (10,10)           | <(-20,80),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (10,10)           | <(-20,80),NaN>
+(80 rows)
+
+-- Divide by point
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 / p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+       f1       |     f1     |                       ?column?                       
+----------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | (5.1,34.5) | <(0.0493315573973,-0.137635045138),0.0860217042937>
+ <(5,1),3>      | (10,10)    | <(0.3,-0.2),0.212132034356>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (5.1,34.5) | <(0.0609244733856,-0.0199792807459),2.86739014312>
+ <(1,2),100>    | (10,10)    | <(0.15,0.05),7.07106781187>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (5.1,34.5) | <(0.0892901188891,-0.0157860983671),0.143369507156>
+ <(1,3),5>      | (10,10)    | <(0.2,0.1),0.353553390593>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (5.1,34.5) | <(0.0609244733856,-0.0199792807459),0.0860217042937>
+ <(1,2),3>      | (10,10)    | <(0.15,0.05),0.212132034356>
+ <(100,200),10> | (5.1,34.5) | <(6.09244733856,-1.99792807459),0.286739014312>
+ <(100,200),10> | (10,10)    | <(15,5),0.707106781187>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (5.1,34.5) | <(0.44768388338,-2.83237136796),3.29749866459>
+ <(100,1),115>  | (10,10)    | <(5.05,-4.95),8.13172798365>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (5.1,34.5) | <(0.154407774653,-0.0641310246164),0>
+ <(3,5),0>      | (10,10)    | <(0.4,0.1),0>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (5.1,34.5) | <(0.154407774653,-0.0641310246164),NaN>
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | (10,10)    | <(0.4,0.1),NaN>
+(16 rows)
+
+-- Overflow error
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 / p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1[0] > 1000;
+ERROR:  value out of range: overflow
+-- Division by 0 error
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 / p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(0,0)'::point;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+-- Distance to polygon
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 <-> p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POLYGON_TBL p;
+       f1       |             f1             |    ?column?    
+----------------+----------------------------+----------------
+ <(5,1),3>      | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |              0
+ <(5,1),3>      | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |              0
+ <(5,1),3>      | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | 0.535533905933
+ <(5,1),3>      | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | 0.535533905933
+ <(5,1),3>      | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |              0
+ <(5,1),3>      | ((0,0))                    |  2.09901951359
+ <(5,1),3>      | ((0,1),(0,1))              |              2
+ <(1,2),100>    | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |              0
+ <(1,2),100>    | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |              0
+ <(1,2),100>    | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |              0
+ <(1,2),100>    | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |              0
+ <(1,2),100>    | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |              0
+ <(1,2),100>    | ((0,0))                    |              0
+ <(1,2),100>    | ((0,1),(0,1))              |              0
+ <(1,3),5>      | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |              0
+ <(1,3),5>      | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |              0
+ <(1,3),5>      | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |              0
+ <(1,3),5>      | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |              0
+ <(1,3),5>      | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |              0
+ <(1,3),5>      | ((0,0))                    |              0
+ <(1,3),5>      | ((0,1),(0,1))              |              0
+ <(1,2),3>      | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |              0
+ <(1,2),3>      | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |              0
+ <(1,2),3>      | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |              0
+ <(1,2),3>      | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |              0
+ <(1,2),3>      | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |              0
+ <(1,2),3>      | ((0,0))                    |              0
+ <(1,2),3>      | ((0,1),(0,1))              |              0
+ <(100,200),10> | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |  209.134661795
+ <(100,200),10> | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |  209.585974051
+ <(100,200),10> | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |  203.337760371
+ <(100,200),10> | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |  203.337760371
+ <(100,200),10> | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |  203.337760371
+ <(100,200),10> | ((0,0))                    |   213.60679775
+ <(100,200),10> | ((0,1),(0,1))              |  212.712819568
+ <(100,1),115>  | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |              0
+ <(100,1),115>  | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |              0
+ <(100,1),115>  | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |              0
+ <(100,1),115>  | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |              0
+ <(100,1),115>  | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |              0
+ <(100,1),115>  | ((0,0))                    |              0
+ <(100,1),115>  | ((0,1),(0,1))              |              0
+ <(3,5),0>      | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |  1.41421356237
+ <(3,5),0>      | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |              2
+ <(3,5),0>      | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  | 0.707106781187
+ <(3,5),0>      | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  | 0.707106781187
+ <(3,5),0>      | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) | 0.707106781187
+ <(3,5),0>      | ((0,0))                    |  5.83095189485
+ <(3,5),0>      | ((0,1),(0,1))              |              5
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))        |            NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))        |            NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))  |            NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))  |            NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)) |            NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | ((0,0))                    |            NaN
+ <(3,5),NaN>    | ((0,1),(0,1))              |            NaN
+(56 rows)
+
+-- Check index behavior for circles
+CREATE INDEX gcircleind ON circle_tbl USING gist (f1);
+SELECT * FROM circle_tbl WHERE f1 && circle(point(1,-2), 1)
+    ORDER BY area(f1);
+      f1       
+---------------
+ <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,1),115>
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM circle_tbl WHERE f1 && circle(point(1,-2), 1)
+    ORDER BY area(f1);
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (area(f1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on circle_tbl
+         Filter: (f1 && '<(1,-2),1>'::circle)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM circle_tbl WHERE f1 && circle(point(1,-2), 1)
+    ORDER BY area(f1);
+      f1       
+---------------
+ <(1,2),3>
+ <(1,3),5>
+ <(1,2),100>
+ <(100,1),115>
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Check index behavior for polygons
+CREATE INDEX gpolygonind ON polygon_tbl USING gist (f1);
+SELECT * FROM polygon_tbl WHERE f1 @> '((1,1),(2,2),(2,1))'::polygon
+    ORDER BY (poly_center(f1))[0];
+         f1          
+---------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM polygon_tbl WHERE f1 @> '((1,1),(2,2),(2,1))'::polygon
+    ORDER BY (poly_center(f1))[0];
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: ((poly_center(f1))[0])
+   ->  Seq Scan on polygon_tbl
+         Filter: (f1 @> '((1,1),(2,2),(2,1))'::polygon)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM polygon_tbl WHERE f1 @> '((1,1),(2,2),(2,1))'::polygon
+    ORDER BY (poly_center(f1))[0];
+         f1          
+---------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/gin.out b/src/test/regress/expected/gin.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0af4643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/gin.out
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+--
+-- Test GIN indexes.
+--
+-- There are other tests to test different GIN opclasses. This is for testing
+-- GIN itself.
+-- Create and populate a test table with a GIN index.
+create table gin_test_tbl(i int4[]) with (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+create index gin_test_idx on gin_test_tbl using gin (i)
+  with (fastupdate = on, gin_pending_list_limit = 4096);
+insert into gin_test_tbl select array[1, 2, g] from generate_series(1, 20000) g;
+insert into gin_test_tbl select array[1, 3, g] from generate_series(1, 1000) g;
+select gin_clean_pending_list('gin_test_idx')>10 as many; -- flush the fastupdate buffers
+ many 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+insert into gin_test_tbl select array[3, 1, g] from generate_series(1, 1000) g;
+vacuum gin_test_tbl; -- flush the fastupdate buffers
+select gin_clean_pending_list('gin_test_idx'); -- nothing to flush
+ gin_clean_pending_list 
+------------------------
+                      0
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test vacuuming
+delete from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[2];
+vacuum gin_test_tbl;
+-- Disable fastupdate, and do more insertions. With fastupdate enabled, most
+-- insertions (by flushing the list pages) cause page splits. Without
+-- fastupdate, we get more churn in the GIN data leaf pages, and exercise the
+-- recompression codepaths.
+alter index gin_test_idx set (fastupdate = off);
+insert into gin_test_tbl select array[1, 2, g] from generate_series(1, 1000) g;
+insert into gin_test_tbl select array[1, 3, g] from generate_series(1, 1000) g;
+delete from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[2];
+vacuum gin_test_tbl;
+-- Test for "rare && frequent" searches
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[1, 999];
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on gin_test_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (i @> '{1,999}'::integer[])
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on gin_test_idx
+               Index Cond: (i @> '{1,999}'::integer[])
+(5 rows)
+
+select count(*) from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[1, 999];
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- Very weak test for gin_fuzzy_search_limit
+set gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 1000;
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[1];
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on gin_test_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (i @> '{1}'::integer[])
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on gin_test_idx
+               Index Cond: (i @> '{1}'::integer[])
+(5 rows)
+
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[1];
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+reset gin_fuzzy_search_limit;
+-- Test optimization of empty queries
+create temp table t_gin_test_tbl(i int4[], j int4[]);
+create index on t_gin_test_tbl using gin (i, j);
+insert into t_gin_test_tbl
+values
+  (null,    null),
+  ('{}',    null),
+  ('{1}',   null),
+  ('{1,2}', null),
+  (null,    '{}'),
+  (null,    '{10}'),
+  ('{1,2}', '{10}'),
+  ('{2}',   '{10}'),
+  ('{1,3}', '{}'),
+  ('{1,1}', '{10}');
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from t_gin_test_tbl where array[0] <@ i;
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on t_gin_test_tbl
+   Recheck Cond: ('{0}'::integer[] <@ i)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on t_gin_test_tbl_i_j_idx
+         Index Cond: (i @> '{0}'::integer[])
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from t_gin_test_tbl where array[0] <@ i;
+ i | j 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from t_gin_test_tbl where array[0] <@ i and '{}'::int4[] <@ j;
+ i | j 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from t_gin_test_tbl where i @> '{}';
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on t_gin_test_tbl
+   Recheck Cond: (i @> '{}'::integer[])
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on t_gin_test_tbl_i_j_idx
+         Index Cond: (i @> '{}'::integer[])
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from t_gin_test_tbl where i @> '{}';
+   i   |  j   
+-------+------
+ {}    | 
+ {1}   | 
+ {1,2} | 
+ {1,2} | {10}
+ {2}   | {10}
+ {1,3} | {}
+ {1,1} | {10}
+(7 rows)
+
+create function explain_query_json(query_sql text)
+returns table (explain_line json)
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  set enable_seqscan = off;
+  set enable_bitmapscan = on;
+  return query execute 'EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, FORMAT json) ' || query_sql;
+end;
+$$;
+create function execute_text_query_index(query_sql text)
+returns setof text
+language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+begin
+  set enable_seqscan = off;
+  set enable_bitmapscan = on;
+  return query execute query_sql;
+end;
+$$;
+create function execute_text_query_heap(query_sql text)
+returns setof text
+language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+begin
+  set enable_seqscan = on;
+  set enable_bitmapscan = off;
+  return query execute query_sql;
+end;
+$$;
+-- check number of rows returned by index and removed by recheck
+select
+  query,
+  js->0->'Plan'->'Plans'->0->'Actual Rows' as "return by index",
+  js->0->'Plan'->'Rows Removed by Index Recheck' as "removed by recheck",
+  (res_index = res_heap) as "match"
+from
+  (values
+    ($$ i @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ j @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ i @> '{}' and j @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ i @> '{1}' $$),
+    ($$ i @> '{1}' and j @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ i @> '{1}' and i @> '{}' and j @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ j @> '{10}' $$),
+    ($$ j @> '{10}' and i @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ j @> '{10}' and j @> '{}' and i @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ i @> '{1}' and j @> '{10}' $$)
+  ) q(query),
+  lateral explain_query_json($$select * from t_gin_test_tbl where $$ || query) js,
+  lateral execute_text_query_index($$select string_agg((i, j)::text, ' ') from t_gin_test_tbl where $$ || query) res_index,
+  lateral execute_text_query_heap($$select string_agg((i, j)::text, ' ') from t_gin_test_tbl where $$ || query) res_heap;
+                   query                   | return by index | removed by recheck | match 
+-------------------------------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-------
+  i @> '{}'                                | 7               | 0                  | t
+  j @> '{}'                                | 6               | 0                  | t
+  i @> '{}' and j @> '{}'                  | 4               | 0                  | t
+  i @> '{1}'                               | 5               | 0                  | t
+  i @> '{1}' and j @> '{}'                 | 3               | 0                  | t
+  i @> '{1}' and i @> '{}' and j @> '{}'   | 3               | 0                  | t
+  j @> '{10}'                              | 4               | 0                  | t
+  j @> '{10}' and i @> '{}'                | 3               | 0                  | t
+  j @> '{10}' and j @> '{}' and i @> '{}'  | 3               | 0                  | t
+  i @> '{1}' and j @> '{10}'               | 2               | 0                  | t
+(10 rows)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+-- re-purpose t_gin_test_tbl to test scans involving posting trees
+insert into t_gin_test_tbl select array[1, g, g/10], array[2, g, g/10]
+  from generate_series(1, 20000) g;
+select gin_clean_pending_list('t_gin_test_tbl_i_j_idx') is not null;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+analyze t_gin_test_tbl;
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+set enable_bitmapscan = on;
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[50];
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on t_gin_test_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (j @> '{50}'::integer[])
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on t_gin_test_tbl_i_j_idx
+               Index Cond: (j @> '{50}'::integer[])
+(5 rows)
+
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[50];
+ count 
+-------
+    11
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[2];
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on t_gin_test_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (j @> '{2}'::integer[])
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on t_gin_test_tbl_i_j_idx
+               Index Cond: (j @> '{2}'::integer[])
+(5 rows)
+
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[2];
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> '{}'::int[];
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on t_gin_test_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (j @> '{}'::integer[])
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on t_gin_test_tbl_i_j_idx
+               Index Cond: (j @> '{}'::integer[])
+(5 rows)
+
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> '{}'::int[];
+ count 
+-------
+ 20006
+(1 row)
+
+-- test vacuuming of posting trees
+delete from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[2];
+vacuum t_gin_test_tbl;
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[50];
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[2];
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> '{}'::int[];
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+drop table t_gin_test_tbl;
+-- test an unlogged table, mostly to get coverage of ginbuildempty
+create unlogged table t_gin_test_tbl(i int4[], j int4[]);
+create index on t_gin_test_tbl using gin (i, j);
+insert into t_gin_test_tbl
+values
+  (null,    null),
+  ('{}',    null),
+  ('{1}',   '{2,3}');
+drop table t_gin_test_tbl;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/gist.out b/src/test/regress/expected/gist.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae6c4ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/gist.out
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+--
+-- Test GiST indexes.
+--
+-- There are other tests to test different GiST opclasses. This is for
+-- testing GiST code itself. Vacuuming in particular.
+create table gist_point_tbl(id int4, p point);
+create index gist_pointidx on gist_point_tbl using gist(p);
+-- Verify the fillfactor and buffering options
+create index gist_pointidx2 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (buffering = on, fillfactor=50);
+create index gist_pointidx3 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (buffering = off);
+create index gist_pointidx4 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (buffering = auto);
+drop index gist_pointidx2, gist_pointidx3, gist_pointidx4;
+-- Make sure bad values are refused
+create index gist_pointidx5 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (buffering = invalid_value);
+ERROR:  invalid value for enum option "buffering": invalid_value
+DETAIL:  Valid values are "on", "off", and "auto".
+create index gist_pointidx5 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (fillfactor=9);
+ERROR:  value 9 out of bounds for option "fillfactor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "10" and "100".
+create index gist_pointidx5 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (fillfactor=101);
+ERROR:  value 101 out of bounds for option "fillfactor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "10" and "100".
+-- Insert enough data to create a tree that's a couple of levels deep.
+insert into gist_point_tbl (id, p)
+select g,        point(g*10, g*10) from generate_series(1, 10000) g;
+insert into gist_point_tbl (id, p)
+select g+100000, point(g*10+1, g*10+1) from generate_series(1, 10000) g;
+-- To test vacuum, delete some entries from all over the index.
+delete from gist_point_tbl where id % 2 = 1;
+-- And also delete some concentration of values.
+delete from gist_point_tbl where id > 5000;
+vacuum analyze gist_point_tbl;
+-- rebuild the index with a different fillfactor
+alter index gist_pointidx SET (fillfactor = 40);
+reindex index gist_pointidx;
+--
+-- Test Index-only plans on GiST indexes
+--
+create table gist_tbl (b box, p point, c circle);
+insert into gist_tbl
+select box(point(0.05*i, 0.05*i), point(0.05*i, 0.05*i)),
+       point(0.05*i, 0.05*i),
+       circle(point(0.05*i, 0.05*i), 1.0)
+from generate_series(0,10000) as i;
+vacuum analyze gist_tbl;
+set enable_seqscan=off;
+set enable_bitmapscan=off;
+set enable_indexonlyscan=on;
+-- Test index-only scan with point opclass
+create index gist_tbl_point_index on gist_tbl using gist (p);
+-- check that the planner chooses an index-only scan
+explain (costs off)
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5));
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gist_tbl_point_index on gist_tbl
+   Index Cond: (p <@ '(0.5,0.5),(0,0)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- execute the same
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5));
+      p      
+-------------
+ (0,0)
+ (0.05,0.05)
+ (0.1,0.1)
+ (0.15,0.15)
+ (0.2,0.2)
+ (0.25,0.25)
+ (0.3,0.3)
+ (0.35,0.35)
+ (0.4,0.4)
+ (0.45,0.45)
+ (0.5,0.5)
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Also test an index-only knn-search
+explain (costs off)
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5))
+order by p <-> point(0.201, 0.201);
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gist_tbl_point_index on gist_tbl
+   Index Cond: (p <@ '(0.5,0.5),(0,0)'::box)
+   Order By: (p <-> '(0.201,0.201)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5))
+order by p <-> point(0.201, 0.201);
+      p      
+-------------
+ (0.2,0.2)
+ (0.25,0.25)
+ (0.15,0.15)
+ (0.3,0.3)
+ (0.1,0.1)
+ (0.35,0.35)
+ (0.05,0.05)
+ (0.4,0.4)
+ (0,0)
+ (0.45,0.45)
+ (0.5,0.5)
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check commuted case as well
+explain (costs off)
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5))
+order by point(0.101, 0.101) <-> p;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gist_tbl_point_index on gist_tbl
+   Index Cond: (p <@ '(0.5,0.5),(0,0)'::box)
+   Order By: (p <-> '(0.101,0.101)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5))
+order by point(0.101, 0.101) <-> p;
+      p      
+-------------
+ (0.1,0.1)
+ (0.15,0.15)
+ (0.05,0.05)
+ (0.2,0.2)
+ (0,0)
+ (0.25,0.25)
+ (0.3,0.3)
+ (0.35,0.35)
+ (0.4,0.4)
+ (0.45,0.45)
+ (0.5,0.5)
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check case with multiple rescans (bug #14641)
+explain (costs off)
+select p from
+  (values (box(point(0,0), point(0.5,0.5))),
+          (box(point(0.5,0.5), point(0.75,0.75))),
+          (box(point(0.8,0.8), point(1.0,1.0)))) as v(bb)
+cross join lateral
+  (select p from gist_tbl where p <@ bb order by p <-> bb[0] limit 2) ss;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+   ->  Limit
+         ->  Index Only Scan using gist_tbl_point_index on gist_tbl
+               Index Cond: (p <@ "*VALUES*".column1)
+               Order By: (p <-> ("*VALUES*".column1)[0])
+(6 rows)
+
+select p from
+  (values (box(point(0,0), point(0.5,0.5))),
+          (box(point(0.5,0.5), point(0.75,0.75))),
+          (box(point(0.8,0.8), point(1.0,1.0)))) as v(bb)
+cross join lateral
+  (select p from gist_tbl where p <@ bb order by p <-> bb[0] limit 2) ss;
+      p      
+-------------
+ (0.5,0.5)
+ (0.45,0.45)
+ (0.75,0.75)
+ (0.7,0.7)
+ (1,1)
+ (0.95,0.95)
+(6 rows)
+
+drop index gist_tbl_point_index;
+-- Test index-only scan with box opclass
+create index gist_tbl_box_index on gist_tbl using gist (b);
+-- check that the planner chooses an index-only scan
+explain (costs off)
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6));
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gist_tbl_box_index on gist_tbl
+   Index Cond: (b <@ '(6,6),(5,5)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- execute the same
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6));
+            b            
+-------------------------
+ (5,5),(5,5)
+ (5.05,5.05),(5.05,5.05)
+ (5.1,5.1),(5.1,5.1)
+ (5.15,5.15),(5.15,5.15)
+ (5.2,5.2),(5.2,5.2)
+ (5.25,5.25),(5.25,5.25)
+ (5.3,5.3),(5.3,5.3)
+ (5.35,5.35),(5.35,5.35)
+ (5.4,5.4),(5.4,5.4)
+ (5.45,5.45),(5.45,5.45)
+ (5.5,5.5),(5.5,5.5)
+ (5.55,5.55),(5.55,5.55)
+ (5.6,5.6),(5.6,5.6)
+ (5.65,5.65),(5.65,5.65)
+ (5.7,5.7),(5.7,5.7)
+ (5.75,5.75),(5.75,5.75)
+ (5.8,5.8),(5.8,5.8)
+ (5.85,5.85),(5.85,5.85)
+ (5.9,5.9),(5.9,5.9)
+ (5.95,5.95),(5.95,5.95)
+ (6,6),(6,6)
+(21 rows)
+
+-- Also test an index-only knn-search
+explain (costs off)
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6))
+order by b <-> point(5.2, 5.91);
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gist_tbl_box_index on gist_tbl
+   Index Cond: (b <@ '(6,6),(5,5)'::box)
+   Order By: (b <-> '(5.2,5.91)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6))
+order by b <-> point(5.2, 5.91);
+            b            
+-------------------------
+ (5.55,5.55),(5.55,5.55)
+ (5.6,5.6),(5.6,5.6)
+ (5.5,5.5),(5.5,5.5)
+ (5.65,5.65),(5.65,5.65)
+ (5.45,5.45),(5.45,5.45)
+ (5.7,5.7),(5.7,5.7)
+ (5.4,5.4),(5.4,5.4)
+ (5.75,5.75),(5.75,5.75)
+ (5.35,5.35),(5.35,5.35)
+ (5.8,5.8),(5.8,5.8)
+ (5.3,5.3),(5.3,5.3)
+ (5.85,5.85),(5.85,5.85)
+ (5.25,5.25),(5.25,5.25)
+ (5.9,5.9),(5.9,5.9)
+ (5.2,5.2),(5.2,5.2)
+ (5.95,5.95),(5.95,5.95)
+ (5.15,5.15),(5.15,5.15)
+ (6,6),(6,6)
+ (5.1,5.1),(5.1,5.1)
+ (5.05,5.05),(5.05,5.05)
+ (5,5),(5,5)
+(21 rows)
+
+-- Check commuted case as well
+explain (costs off)
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6))
+order by point(5.2, 5.91) <-> b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gist_tbl_box_index on gist_tbl
+   Index Cond: (b <@ '(6,6),(5,5)'::box)
+   Order By: (b <-> '(5.2,5.91)'::point)
+(3 rows)
+
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6))
+order by point(5.2, 5.91) <-> b;
+            b            
+-------------------------
+ (5.55,5.55),(5.55,5.55)
+ (5.6,5.6),(5.6,5.6)
+ (5.5,5.5),(5.5,5.5)
+ (5.65,5.65),(5.65,5.65)
+ (5.45,5.45),(5.45,5.45)
+ (5.7,5.7),(5.7,5.7)
+ (5.4,5.4),(5.4,5.4)
+ (5.75,5.75),(5.75,5.75)
+ (5.35,5.35),(5.35,5.35)
+ (5.8,5.8),(5.8,5.8)
+ (5.3,5.3),(5.3,5.3)
+ (5.85,5.85),(5.85,5.85)
+ (5.25,5.25),(5.25,5.25)
+ (5.9,5.9),(5.9,5.9)
+ (5.2,5.2),(5.2,5.2)
+ (5.95,5.95),(5.95,5.95)
+ (5.15,5.15),(5.15,5.15)
+ (6,6),(6,6)
+ (5.1,5.1),(5.1,5.1)
+ (5.05,5.05),(5.05,5.05)
+ (5,5),(5,5)
+(21 rows)
+
+drop index gist_tbl_box_index;
+-- Test that an index-only scan is not chosen, when the query involves the
+-- circle column (the circle opclass does not support index-only scans).
+create index gist_tbl_multi_index on gist_tbl using gist (p, c);
+explain (costs off)
+select p, c from gist_tbl
+where p <@ box(point(5,5), point(6, 6));
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using gist_tbl_multi_index on gist_tbl
+   Index Cond: (p <@ '(6,6),(5,5)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- execute the same
+select b, p from gist_tbl
+where b <@ box(point(4.5, 4.5), point(5.5, 5.5))
+and p <@ box(point(5,5), point(6, 6));
+            b            |      p      
+-------------------------+-------------
+ (5,5),(5,5)             | (5,5)
+ (5.05,5.05),(5.05,5.05) | (5.05,5.05)
+ (5.1,5.1),(5.1,5.1)     | (5.1,5.1)
+ (5.15,5.15),(5.15,5.15) | (5.15,5.15)
+ (5.2,5.2),(5.2,5.2)     | (5.2,5.2)
+ (5.25,5.25),(5.25,5.25) | (5.25,5.25)
+ (5.3,5.3),(5.3,5.3)     | (5.3,5.3)
+ (5.35,5.35),(5.35,5.35) | (5.35,5.35)
+ (5.4,5.4),(5.4,5.4)     | (5.4,5.4)
+ (5.45,5.45),(5.45,5.45) | (5.45,5.45)
+ (5.5,5.5),(5.5,5.5)     | (5.5,5.5)
+(11 rows)
+
+drop index gist_tbl_multi_index;
+-- Test that we don't try to return the value of a non-returnable
+-- column in an index-only scan.  (This isn't GIST-specific, but
+-- it only applies to index AMs that can return some columns and not
+-- others, so GIST with appropriate opclasses is a convenient test case.)
+create index gist_tbl_multi_index on gist_tbl using gist (circle(p,1), p);
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select circle(p,1) from gist_tbl
+where p <@ box(point(5, 5), point(5.3, 5.3));
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gist_tbl_multi_index on public.gist_tbl
+   Output: circle(p, '1'::double precision)
+   Index Cond: (gist_tbl.p <@ '(5.3,5.3),(5,5)'::box)
+(3 rows)
+
+select circle(p,1) from gist_tbl
+where p <@ box(point(5, 5), point(5.3, 5.3));
+     circle      
+-----------------
+ <(5,5),1>
+ <(5.05,5.05),1>
+ <(5.1,5.1),1>
+ <(5.15,5.15),1>
+ <(5.2,5.2),1>
+ <(5.25,5.25),1>
+ <(5.3,5.3),1>
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Similarly, test that index rechecks involving a non-returnable column
+-- are done correctly.
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select p from gist_tbl where circle(p,1) @> circle(point(0,0),0.95);
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using gist_tbl_multi_index on public.gist_tbl
+   Output: p
+   Index Cond: ((circle(gist_tbl.p, '1'::double precision)) @> '<(0,0),0.95>'::circle)
+(3 rows)
+
+select p from gist_tbl where circle(p,1) @> circle(point(0,0),0.95);
+   p   
+-------
+ (0,0)
+(1 row)
+
+-- Also check that use_physical_tlist doesn't trigger in such cases.
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select count(*) from gist_tbl;
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   Output: count(*)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using gist_tbl_multi_index on public.gist_tbl
+(3 rows)
+
+select count(*) from gist_tbl;
+ count 
+-------
+ 10001
+(1 row)
+
+-- This case isn't supported, but it should at least EXPLAIN correctly.
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select p from gist_tbl order by circle(p,1) <-> point(0,0) limit 1;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: p, ((circle(p, '1'::double precision) <-> '(0,0)'::point))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using gist_tbl_multi_index on public.gist_tbl
+         Output: p, (circle(p, '1'::double precision) <-> '(0,0)'::point)
+         Order By: ((circle(gist_tbl.p, '1'::double precision)) <-> '(0,0)'::point)
+(5 rows)
+
+select p from gist_tbl order by circle(p,1) <-> point(0,0) limit 1;
+ERROR:  lossy distance functions are not supported in index-only scans
+-- Clean up
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+reset enable_indexonlyscan;
+drop table gist_tbl;
+-- test an unlogged table, mostly to get coverage of gistbuildempty
+create unlogged table gist_tbl (b box);
+create index gist_tbl_box_index on gist_tbl using gist (b);
+insert into gist_tbl
+  select box(point(0.05*i, 0.05*i)) from generate_series(0,10) as i;
+drop table gist_tbl;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/groupingsets.out b/src/test/regress/expected/groupingsets.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcad5c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/groupingsets.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2154 @@
+--
+-- grouping sets
+--
+-- test data sources
+create temp view gstest1(a,b,v)
+  as values (1,1,10),(1,1,11),(1,2,12),(1,2,13),(1,3,14),
+            (2,3,15),
+            (3,3,16),(3,4,17),
+            (4,1,18),(4,1,19);
+create temp table gstest2 (a integer, b integer, c integer, d integer,
+                           e integer, f integer, g integer, h integer);
+copy gstest2 from stdin;
+create temp table gstest3 (a integer, b integer, c integer, d integer);
+copy gstest3 from stdin;
+alter table gstest3 add primary key (a);
+create temp table gstest4(id integer, v integer,
+                          unhashable_col bit(4), unsortable_col xid);
+insert into gstest4
+values (1,1,b'0000','1'), (2,2,b'0001','1'),
+       (3,4,b'0010','2'), (4,8,b'0011','2'),
+       (5,16,b'0000','2'), (6,32,b'0001','2'),
+       (7,64,b'0010','1'), (8,128,b'0011','1');
+create temp table gstest_empty (a integer, b integer, v integer);
+create function gstest_data(v integer, out a integer, out b integer)
+  returns setof record
+  as $f$
+    begin
+      return query select v, i from generate_series(1,3) i;
+    end;
+  $f$ language plpgsql;
+-- basic functionality
+set enable_hashagg = false;  -- test hashing explicitly later
+-- simple rollup with multiple plain aggregates, with and without ordering
+-- (and with ordering differing from grouping)
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b);
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
+(12 rows)
+
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by a,b;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
+(12 rows)
+
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by b desc, a;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+(12 rows)
+
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by coalesce(a,0)+coalesce(b,0);
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+(12 rows)
+
+-- various types of ordered aggs
+select a, b, grouping(a,b),
+       array_agg(v order by v),
+       string_agg(v::text, ':' order by v desc),
+       percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by v),
+       rank(1,2,12) within group (order by a,b,v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by a,b;
+ a | b | grouping |            array_agg            |          string_agg           | percentile_disc | rank 
+---+---+----------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+-----------------+------
+ 1 | 1 |        0 | {10,11}                         | 11:10                         |              10 |    3
+ 1 | 2 |        0 | {12,13}                         | 13:12                         |              12 |    1
+ 1 | 3 |        0 | {14}                            | 14                            |              14 |    1
+ 1 |   |        1 | {10,11,12,13,14}                | 14:13:12:11:10                |              12 |    3
+ 2 | 3 |        0 | {15}                            | 15                            |              15 |    1
+ 2 |   |        1 | {15}                            | 15                            |              15 |    1
+ 3 | 3 |        0 | {16}                            | 16                            |              16 |    1
+ 3 | 4 |        0 | {17}                            | 17                            |              17 |    1
+ 3 |   |        1 | {16,17}                         | 17:16                         |              16 |    1
+ 4 | 1 |        0 | {18,19}                         | 19:18                         |              18 |    1
+ 4 |   |        1 | {18,19}                         | 19:18                         |              18 |    1
+   |   |        3 | {10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19} | 19:18:17:16:15:14:13:12:11:10 |              14 |    3
+(12 rows)
+
+-- test usage of grouped columns in direct args of aggs
+select grouping(a), a, array_agg(b),
+       rank(a) within group (order by b nulls first),
+       rank(a) within group (order by b nulls last)
+  from (values (1,1),(1,4),(1,5),(3,1),(3,2)) v(a,b)
+ group by rollup (a) order by a;
+ grouping | a |  array_agg  | rank | rank 
+----------+---+-------------+------+------
+        0 | 1 | {1,4,5}     |    1 |    1
+        0 | 3 | {1,2}       |    3 |    3
+        1 |   | {1,4,5,1,2} |    1 |    6
+(3 rows)
+
+-- nesting with window functions
+select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+  from gstest2 group by rollup (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+ a | b | sum | rsum 
+---+---+-----+------
+ 1 | 1 |   8 |    8
+ 1 | 2 |   2 |   10
+ 1 |   |  10 |   20
+ 2 | 2 |   2 |   22
+ 2 |   |   2 |   24
+   |   |  12 |   36
+(6 rows)
+
+-- nesting with grouping sets
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets((), grouping sets((), grouping sets(())))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  12
+  12
+  12
+(3 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets((), grouping sets((), grouping sets(((a, b)))))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  12
+  12
+   8
+   2
+   2
+(5 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(rollup(c), grouping sets(cube(c))))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  12
+  12
+   6
+   6
+   6
+   6
+(6 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a, cube(b)))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  12
+  10
+  10
+   8
+   4
+   2
+   2
+(7 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets((a, (b))))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+   8
+   2
+   2
+(3 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets((a, b)))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+   8
+   2
+   2
+(3 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a), a))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  10
+  10
+  10
+   2
+   2
+   2
+(6 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a), ((a)), a, grouping sets(a), (a)), a))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  10
+  10
+  10
+  10
+  10
+  10
+  10
+  10
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+(16 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets((a,(a,b)), grouping sets((a,(a,b)),a))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  10
+   8
+   8
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+(8 rows)
+
+-- empty input: first is 0 rows, second 1, third 3 etc.
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),());
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+   |   |     |     0
+(1 row)
+
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+   |   |     |     0
+   |   |     |     0
+   |   |     |     0
+(3 rows)
+
+select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
+ sum | count 
+-----+-------
+     |     0
+     |     0
+     |     0
+(3 rows)
+
+-- empty input with joins tests some important code paths
+select t1.a, t2.b, sum(t1.v), count(*) from gstest_empty t1, gstest_empty t2
+ group by grouping sets ((t1.a,t2.b),());
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+   |   |     |     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- simple joins, var resolution, GROUPING on join vars
+select t1.a, t2.b, grouping(t1.a, t2.b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.a)
+  from gstest1 t1, gstest2 t2
+ group by grouping sets ((t1.a, t2.b), ());
+ a | b | grouping | sum  | max 
+---+---+----------+------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  420 |   1
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  120 |   2
+ 2 | 1 |        0 |  105 |   1
+ 2 | 2 |        0 |   30 |   2
+ 3 | 1 |        0 |  231 |   1
+ 3 | 2 |        0 |   66 |   2
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  259 |   1
+ 4 | 2 |        0 |   74 |   2
+   |   |        3 | 1305 |   2
+(9 rows)
+
+select t1.a, t2.b, grouping(t1.a, t2.b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.a)
+  from gstest1 t1 join gstest2 t2 on (t1.a=t2.a)
+ group by grouping sets ((t1.a, t2.b), ());
+ a | b | grouping | sum | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 | 420 |   1
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  60 |   1
+ 2 | 2 |        0 |  15 |   2
+   |   |        3 | 495 |   2
+(4 rows)
+
+select a, b, grouping(a, b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.c)
+  from gstest1 t1 join gstest2 t2 using (a,b)
+ group by grouping sets ((a, b), ());
+ a | b | grouping | sum | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 | 147 |   2
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |   2
+   |   |        3 | 172 |   2
+(3 rows)
+
+-- check that functionally dependent cols are not nulled
+select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
+  from gstest3
+ group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
+ a | d | grouping 
+---+---+----------
+ 1 | 1 |        1
+ 2 | 2 |        1
+ 1 | 1 |        2
+ 2 | 2 |        2
+(4 rows)
+
+-- check that distinct grouping columns are kept separate
+-- even if they are equal()
+explain (costs off)
+select g as alias1, g as alias2
+  from generate_series(1,3) g
+ group by alias1, rollup(alias2);
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: g, g
+   Group Key: g
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: g
+         ->  Function Scan on generate_series g
+(6 rows)
+
+select g as alias1, g as alias2
+  from generate_series(1,3) g
+ group by alias1, rollup(alias2);
+ alias1 | alias2 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+      1 |       
+      2 |      2
+      2 |       
+      3 |      3
+      3 |       
+(6 rows)
+
+-- check that pulled-up subquery outputs still go to null when appropriate
+select four, x
+  from (select four, ten, 'foo'::text as x from tenk1) as t
+  group by grouping sets (four, x)
+  having x = 'foo';
+ four |  x  
+------+-----
+      | foo
+(1 row)
+
+select four, x || 'x'
+  from (select four, ten, 'foo'::text as x from tenk1) as t
+  group by grouping sets (four, x)
+  order by four;
+ four | ?column? 
+------+----------
+    0 | 
+    1 | 
+    2 | 
+    3 | 
+      | foox
+(5 rows)
+
+select (x+y)*1, sum(z)
+ from (select 1 as x, 2 as y, 3 as z) s
+ group by grouping sets (x+y, x);
+ ?column? | sum 
+----------+-----
+        3 |   3
+          |   3
+(2 rows)
+
+select x, not x as not_x, q2 from
+  (select *, q1 = 1 as x from int8_tbl i1) as t
+  group by grouping sets(x, q2)
+  order by x, q2;
+ x | not_x |        q2         
+---+-------+-------------------
+ f | t     |                  
+   |       | -4567890123456789
+   |       |               123
+   |       |               456
+   |       |  4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check qual push-down rules for a subquery with grouping sets
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from (
+  select 1 as x, q1, sum(q2)
+  from int8_tbl i1
+  group by grouping sets(1, 2)
+) ss
+where x = 1 and q1 = 123;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on ss
+   Output: ss.x, ss.q1, ss.sum
+   Filter: ((ss.x = 1) AND (ss.q1 = 123))
+   ->  GroupAggregate
+         Output: (1), i1.q1, sum(i1.q2)
+         Group Key: 1
+         Sort Key: i1.q1
+           Group Key: i1.q1
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i1
+               Output: 1, i1.q1, i1.q2
+(10 rows)
+
+select * from (
+  select 1 as x, q1, sum(q2)
+  from int8_tbl i1
+  group by grouping sets(1, 2)
+) ss
+where x = 1 and q1 = 123;
+ x | q1 | sum 
+---+----+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- check handling of pulled-up SubPlan in GROUPING() argument (bug #17479)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select grouping(ss.x)
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Output: GROUPING((SubPlan 1)), ((SubPlan 2))
+   Group Key: ((SubPlan 2))
+   ->  Sort
+         Output: ((SubPlan 2)), i1.q1
+         Sort Key: ((SubPlan 2))
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i1
+               Output: (SubPlan 2), i1.q1
+               SubPlan 2
+                 ->  Result
+                       Output: i1.q1
+(11 rows)
+
+select grouping(ss.x)
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select (select grouping(ss.x))
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Output: (SubPlan 2), ((SubPlan 3))
+   Group Key: ((SubPlan 3))
+   ->  Sort
+         Output: ((SubPlan 3)), i1.q1
+         Sort Key: ((SubPlan 3))
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i1
+               Output: (SubPlan 3), i1.q1
+               SubPlan 3
+                 ->  Result
+                       Output: i1.q1
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Result
+           Output: GROUPING((SubPlan 1))
+(14 rows)
+
+select (select grouping(ss.x))
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+(2 rows)
+
+-- simple rescan tests
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by rollup (a,b);
+ a | b | sum 
+---+---+-----
+ 1 | 1 |   1
+ 1 | 2 |   1
+ 1 | 3 |   1
+ 1 |   |   3
+ 2 | 1 |   2
+ 2 | 2 |   2
+ 2 | 3 |   2
+ 2 |   |   6
+   |   |   9
+(9 rows)
+
+select *
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
+       lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by rollup (a,b)) s;
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FROM clause of their own query level
+LINE 3:        lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) ...
+                                     ^
+-- min max optimization should still work with GROUP BY ()
+explain (costs off)
+  select min(unique1) from tenk1 GROUP BY ();
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Views with GROUPING SET queries
+CREATE VIEW gstest_view AS select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(c), count(*), max(c)
+  from gstest2 group by rollup ((a,b,c),(c,d));
+NOTICE:  view "gstest_view" will be a temporary view
+select pg_get_viewdef('gstest_view'::regclass, true);
+                                pg_get_viewdef                                 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT gstest2.a,                                                           +
+     gstest2.b,                                                               +
+     GROUPING(gstest2.a, gstest2.b) AS "grouping",                            +
+     sum(gstest2.c) AS sum,                                                   +
+     count(*) AS count,                                                       +
+     max(gstest2.c) AS max                                                    +
+    FROM gstest2                                                              +
+   GROUP BY ROLLUP((gstest2.a, gstest2.b, gstest2.c), (gstest2.c, gstest2.d));
+(1 row)
+
+-- Nested queries with 3 or more levels of nesting
+select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+(3 rows)
+
+select(select (select grouping(e,f) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        1
+        3
+(3 rows)
+
+select(select (select grouping(c) from (values (1)) v2(c) GROUP BY c) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Combinations of operations
+select a, b, c, d from gstest2 group by rollup(a,b),grouping sets(c,d);
+ a | b | c | d 
+---+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | 1 |  
+ 1 |   | 1 |  
+   |   | 1 |  
+ 1 | 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 | 2 | 2 |  
+ 1 |   | 2 |  
+ 2 | 2 | 2 |  
+ 2 |   | 2 |  
+   |   | 2 |  
+ 1 | 1 |   | 1
+ 1 |   |   | 1
+   |   |   | 1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 2
+ 1 | 2 |   | 2
+ 1 |   |   | 2
+ 2 | 2 |   | 2
+ 2 |   |   | 2
+   |   |   | 2
+(18 rows)
+
+select a, b from (values (1,2),(2,3)) v(a,b) group by a,b, grouping sets(a);
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+ 2 | 3
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Tests for chained aggregates
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
+   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
+   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
+   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
+   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
+   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
+   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
+   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
+   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
+   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
+   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
+(21 rows)
+
+select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP((e+1),(f+1));
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+(3 rows)
+
+select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY CUBE((e+1),(f+1)) ORDER BY (e+1),(f+1);
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+(4 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+  from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+ a | b | sum | rsum 
+---+---+-----+------
+ 1 | 1 |   8 |    8
+ 1 | 2 |   2 |   10
+ 1 |   |  10 |   20
+ 2 | 2 |   2 |   22
+ 2 |   |   2 |   24
+   | 1 |   8 |   32
+   | 2 |   4 |   36
+   |   |  12 |   48
+(8 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(c) from (values (1,1,10),(1,1,11),(1,2,12),(1,2,13),(1,3,14),(2,3,15),(3,3,16),(3,4,17),(4,1,18),(4,1,19)) v(a,b,c) group by rollup (a,b);
+ a | b | sum 
+---+---+-----
+ 1 | 1 |  21
+ 1 | 2 |  25
+ 1 | 3 |  14
+ 1 |   |  60
+ 2 | 3 |  15
+ 2 |   |  15
+ 3 | 3 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |  17
+ 3 |   |  33
+ 4 | 1 |  37
+ 4 |   |  37
+   |   | 145
+(12 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
+ a | b | sum 
+---+---+-----
+ 1 | 1 |   1
+ 1 | 2 |   1
+ 1 | 3 |   1
+ 1 |   |   3
+ 2 | 1 |   2
+ 2 | 2 |   2
+ 2 | 3 |   2
+ 2 |   |   6
+   | 1 |   3
+   | 2 |   3
+   | 3 |   3
+   |   |   9
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Test reordering of grouping sets
+explain (costs off)
+select * from gstest1 group by grouping sets((a,b,v),(v)) order by v,b,a;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column3, "*VALUES*".column2, "*VALUES*".column1
+   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column3
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column3, "*VALUES*".column2, "*VALUES*".column1
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Agg level check. This query should error out.
+select (select grouping(a,b) from gstest2) from gstest2 group by a,b;
+ERROR:  arguments to GROUPING must be grouping expressions of the associated query level
+LINE 1: select (select grouping(a,b) from gstest2) from gstest2 grou...
+                                ^
+--Nested queries
+select a, b, sum(c), count(*) from gstest2 group by grouping sets (rollup(a,b),a);
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+ 1 | 1 |   8 |     7
+ 1 | 2 |   2 |     1
+ 1 |   |  10 |     8
+ 1 |   |  10 |     8
+ 2 | 2 |   2 |     1
+ 2 |   |   2 |     1
+ 2 |   |   2 |     1
+   |   |  12 |     9
+(8 rows)
+
+-- HAVING queries
+select ten, sum(distinct four) from onek a
+group by grouping sets((ten,four),(ten))
+having exists (select 1 from onek b where sum(distinct a.four) = b.four);
+ ten | sum 
+-----+-----
+   0 |   0
+   0 |   2
+   0 |   2
+   1 |   1
+   1 |   3
+   2 |   0
+   2 |   2
+   2 |   2
+   3 |   1
+   3 |   3
+   4 |   0
+   4 |   2
+   4 |   2
+   5 |   1
+   5 |   3
+   6 |   0
+   6 |   2
+   6 |   2
+   7 |   1
+   7 |   3
+   8 |   0
+   8 |   2
+   8 |   2
+   9 |   1
+   9 |   3
+(25 rows)
+
+-- Tests around pushdown of HAVING clauses, partially testing against previous bugs
+select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) order by a;
+ a | count 
+---+-------
+ 1 |     8
+ 2 |     1
+   |     9
+(3 rows)
+
+select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) having a is distinct from 1 order by a;
+ a | count 
+---+-------
+ 2 |     1
+   |     9
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) having a is distinct from 1 order by a;
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: a
+   Group Key: ()
+   Filter: (a IS DISTINCT FROM 1)
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: a
+         ->  Seq Scan on gstest2
+(7 rows)
+
+select v.c, (select count(*) from gstest2 group by () having v.c)
+  from (values (false),(true)) v(c) order by v.c;
+ c | count 
+---+-------
+ f |      
+ t |     9
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select v.c, (select count(*) from gstest2 group by () having v.c)
+    from (values (false),(true)) v(c) order by v.c;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+         SubPlan 1
+           ->  Aggregate
+                 Group Key: ()
+                 Filter: "*VALUES*".column1
+                 ->  Result
+                       One-Time Filter: "*VALUES*".column1
+                       ->  Seq Scan on gstest2
+(10 rows)
+
+-- HAVING with GROUPING queries
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by grouping sets(ten) having grouping(ten) >= 0
+order by 2,1;
+ ten | grouping 
+-----+----------
+   0 |        0
+   1 |        0
+   2 |        0
+   3 |        0
+   4 |        0
+   5 |        0
+   6 |        0
+   7 |        0
+   8 |        0
+   9 |        0
+(10 rows)
+
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by grouping sets(ten, four) having grouping(ten) > 0
+order by 2,1;
+ ten | grouping 
+-----+----------
+     |        1
+     |        1
+     |        1
+     |        1
+(4 rows)
+
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by rollup(ten) having grouping(ten) > 0
+order by 2,1;
+ ten | grouping 
+-----+----------
+     |        1
+(1 row)
+
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by cube(ten) having grouping(ten) > 0
+order by 2,1;
+ ten | grouping 
+-----+----------
+     |        1
+(1 row)
+
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by (ten) having grouping(ten) >= 0
+order by 2,1;
+ ten | grouping 
+-----+----------
+   0 |        0
+   1 |        0
+   2 |        0
+   3 |        0
+   4 |        0
+   5 |        0
+   6 |        0
+   7 |        0
+   8 |        0
+   9 |        0
+(10 rows)
+
+-- FILTER queries
+select ten, sum(distinct four) filter (where four::text ~ '123') from onek a
+group by rollup(ten);
+ ten | sum 
+-----+-----
+   0 |    
+   1 |    
+   2 |    
+   3 |    
+   4 |    
+   5 |    
+   6 |    
+   7 |    
+   8 |    
+   9 |    
+     |    
+(11 rows)
+
+-- More rescan tests
+select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by cube(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
+ a | a | four | ten | count 
+---+---+------+-----+-------
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   0 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   2 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   4 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   6 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   8 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   1 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   3 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   5 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   7 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   9 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   0 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   2 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   4 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   6 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   8 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   1 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   3 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   5 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   7 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   9 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |      |   0 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   1 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   2 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   3 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   4 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   5 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   6 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   7 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   8 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   9 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |     |  1000
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   0 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   2 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   4 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   6 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   8 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   1 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   3 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   5 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   7 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   9 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   0 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   2 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   4 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   6 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   8 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   1 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   3 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   5 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   7 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   9 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |      |   0 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   1 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   2 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   3 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   4 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   5 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   6 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   7 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   8 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   9 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |     |  1000
+(70 rows)
+
+select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by cube(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
+                                                                        array                                                                         
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"(1,0,0,250)","(1,0,2,250)","(1,0,,500)","(1,1,1,250)","(1,1,3,250)","(1,1,,500)","(1,,0,250)","(1,,1,250)","(1,,2,250)","(1,,3,250)","(1,,,1000)"}
+ {"(2,0,0,250)","(2,0,2,250)","(2,0,,500)","(2,1,1,250)","(2,1,3,250)","(2,1,,500)","(2,,0,250)","(2,,1,250)","(2,,2,250)","(2,,3,250)","(2,,,1000)"}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Grouping on text columns
+select sum(ten) from onek group by two, rollup(four::text) order by 1;
+ sum  
+------
+ 1000
+ 1000
+ 1250
+ 1250
+ 2000
+ 2500
+(6 rows)
+
+select sum(ten) from onek group by rollup(four::text), two order by 1;
+ sum  
+------
+ 1000
+ 1000
+ 1250
+ 1250
+ 2000
+ 2500
+(6 rows)
+
+-- hashing support
+set enable_hashagg = true;
+-- failure cases
+select count(*) from gstest4 group by rollup(unhashable_col,unsortable_col);
+ERROR:  could not implement GROUP BY
+DETAIL:  Some of the datatypes only support hashing, while others only support sorting.
+select array_agg(v order by v) from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((id,unsortable_col),(id));
+ERROR:  could not implement GROUP BY
+DETAIL:  Some of the datatypes only support hashing, while others only support sorting.
+-- simple cases
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a),(b)) order by 3,1,2;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   | 1 |        2 |  58 |     4 |  19
+   | 2 |        2 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   | 3 |        2 |  45 |     3 |  16
+   | 4 |        2 |  17 |     1 |  17
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a),(b)) order by 3,1,2;
+                                               QUERY PLAN                                               
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (GROUPING("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2)), "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column2
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+(6 rows)
+
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by cube(a,b) order by 3,1,2;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   | 1 |        2 |  58 |     4 |  19
+   | 2 |        2 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   | 3 |        2 |  45 |     3 |  16
+   | 4 |        2 |  17 |     1 |  17
+   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
+(16 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by cube(a,b) order by 3,1,2;
+                                               QUERY PLAN                                               
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (GROUPING("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2)), "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+   ->  MixedAggregate
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column2
+         Group Key: ()
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+(8 rows)
+
+-- shouldn't try and hash
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, grouping(a,b), array_agg(v order by v)
+    from gstest1 group by cube(a,b);
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+   Group Key: ()
+   Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column2
+     Group Key: "*VALUES*".column2
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+(9 rows)
+
+-- unsortable cases
+select unsortable_col, count(*)
+  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unsortable_col),(unsortable_col))
+  order by unsortable_col::text;
+ unsortable_col | count 
+----------------+-------
+              1 |     4
+              1 |     4
+              2 |     4
+              2 |     4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- mixed hashable/sortable cases
+select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+       grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+       count(*), sum(v)
+  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unhashable_col),(unsortable_col))
+ order by 3, 5;
+ unhashable_col | unsortable_col | grouping | count | sum 
+----------------+----------------+----------+-------+-----
+ 0000           |                |        1 |     2 |  17
+ 0001           |                |        1 |     2 |  34
+ 0010           |                |        1 |     2 |  68
+ 0011           |                |        1 |     2 | 136
+                |              2 |        2 |     4 |  60
+                |              1 |        2 |     4 | 195
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+         grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+         count(*), sum(v)
+    from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unhashable_col),(unsortable_col))
+   order by 3,5;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (GROUPING(unhashable_col, unsortable_col)), (sum(v))
+   ->  MixedAggregate
+         Hash Key: unsortable_col
+         Group Key: unhashable_col
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: unhashable_col
+               ->  Seq Scan on gstest4
+(8 rows)
+
+select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+       grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+       count(*), sum(v)
+  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((v,unhashable_col),(v,unsortable_col))
+ order by 3,5;
+ unhashable_col | unsortable_col | grouping | count | sum 
+----------------+----------------+----------+-------+-----
+ 0000           |                |        1 |     1 |   1
+ 0001           |                |        1 |     1 |   2
+ 0010           |                |        1 |     1 |   4
+ 0011           |                |        1 |     1 |   8
+ 0000           |                |        1 |     1 |  16
+ 0001           |                |        1 |     1 |  32
+ 0010           |                |        1 |     1 |  64
+ 0011           |                |        1 |     1 | 128
+                |              1 |        2 |     1 |   1
+                |              1 |        2 |     1 |   2
+                |              2 |        2 |     1 |   4
+                |              2 |        2 |     1 |   8
+                |              2 |        2 |     1 |  16
+                |              2 |        2 |     1 |  32
+                |              1 |        2 |     1 |  64
+                |              1 |        2 |     1 | 128
+(16 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+         grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+         count(*), sum(v)
+    from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((v,unhashable_col),(v,unsortable_col))
+   order by 3,5;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (GROUPING(unhashable_col, unsortable_col)), (sum(v))
+   ->  MixedAggregate
+         Hash Key: v, unsortable_col
+         Group Key: v, unhashable_col
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: v, unhashable_col
+               ->  Seq Scan on gstest4
+(8 rows)
+
+-- empty input: first is 0 rows, second 1, third 3 etc.
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Hash Key: a, b
+   Hash Key: a
+   ->  Seq Scan on gstest_empty
+(4 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),());
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+   |   |     |     0
+(1 row)
+
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+   |   |     |     0
+   |   |     |     0
+   |   |     |     0
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: a, b
+   Group Key: ()
+   Group Key: ()
+   Group Key: ()
+   ->  Seq Scan on gstest_empty
+(6 rows)
+
+select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
+ sum | count 
+-----+-------
+     |     0
+     |     0
+     |     0
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   Group Key: ()
+   Group Key: ()
+   Group Key: ()
+   ->  Seq Scan on gstest_empty
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check that functionally dependent cols are not nulled
+select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
+  from gstest3
+ group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
+ a | d | grouping 
+---+---+----------
+ 1 | 1 |        1
+ 2 | 2 |        1
+ 1 | 1 |        2
+ 2 | 2 |        2
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
+    from gstest3
+   group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Hash Key: a, b
+   Hash Key: a, c
+   ->  Seq Scan on gstest3
+(4 rows)
+
+-- simple rescan tests
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by grouping sets (a,b)
+ order by 1, 2, 3;
+ a | b | sum 
+---+---+-----
+ 1 |   |   3
+ 2 |   |   6
+   | 1 |   3
+   | 2 |   3
+   | 3 |   3
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v.x)
+    from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+   group by grouping sets (a,b)
+   order by 3, 1, 2;
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (sum("*VALUES*".column1)), gstest_data.a, gstest_data.b
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Hash Key: gstest_data.a
+         Hash Key: gstest_data.b
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Function Scan on gstest_data
+(8 rows)
+
+select *
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
+       lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by grouping sets (a,b)) s;
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FROM clause of their own query level
+LINE 3:        lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) ...
+                                     ^
+explain (costs off)
+  select *
+    from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
+         lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by grouping sets (a,b)) s;
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FROM clause of their own query level
+LINE 4:          lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x...
+                                       ^
+-- Tests for chained aggregates
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
+   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
+   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
+   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
+   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
+   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
+   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
+   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
+   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
+   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
+   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
+(21 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+    from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (GROUPING("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2)), (max("*VALUES*".column3))
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+         Hash Key: ("*VALUES*".column1 + 1), ("*VALUES*".column2 + 1)
+         Hash Key: ("*VALUES*".column1 + 2), ("*VALUES*".column2 + 2)
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+(7 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+  from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+ a | b | sum | rsum 
+---+---+-----+------
+ 1 | 1 |   8 |    8
+ 1 | 2 |   2 |   10
+ 1 |   |  10 |   20
+ 2 | 2 |   2 |   22
+ 2 |   |   2 |   24
+   | 1 |   8 |   32
+   | 2 |   4 |   36
+   |   |  12 |   48
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+    from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (sum((sum(c))) OVER (?)), a, b
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: a, b
+               ->  MixedAggregate
+                     Hash Key: a, b
+                     Hash Key: a
+                     Hash Key: b
+                     Group Key: ()
+                     ->  Seq Scan on gstest2
+(11 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
+ a | b | sum 
+---+---+-----
+ 1 | 1 |   1
+ 1 | 2 |   1
+ 1 | 3 |   1
+ 1 |   |   3
+ 2 | 1 |   2
+ 2 | 2 |   2
+ 2 | 3 |   2
+ 2 |   |   6
+   | 1 |   3
+   | 2 |   3
+   | 3 |   3
+   |   |   9
+(12 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v.x)
+    from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+   group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: gstest_data.a, gstest_data.b
+   ->  MixedAggregate
+         Hash Key: gstest_data.a, gstest_data.b
+         Hash Key: gstest_data.a
+         Hash Key: gstest_data.b
+         Group Key: ()
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Function Scan on gstest_data
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Verify that we correctly handle the child node returning a
+-- non-minimal slot, which happens if the input is pre-sorted,
+-- e.g. due to an index scan.
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_hashagg = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: a, b
+   ->  GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: a
+         Group Key: ()
+         Sort Key: b
+           Group Key: b
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: a
+               ->  Seq Scan on gstest3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+ a | b | count | max | max 
+---+---+-------+-----+-----
+ 1 |   |     1 |   1 |   1
+ 2 |   |     1 |   2 |   2
+   | 1 |     1 |   1 |   1
+   | 2 |     1 |   2 |   2
+   |   |     2 |   2 |   2
+(5 rows)
+
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: a, b
+   ->  GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: a
+         Group Key: ()
+         Sort Key: b
+           Group Key: b
+         ->  Index Scan using gstest3_pkey on gstest3
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+ a | b | count | max | max 
+---+---+-------+-----+-----
+ 1 |   |     1 |   1 |   1
+ 2 |   |     1 |   2 |   2
+   | 1 |     1 |   1 |   1
+   | 2 |     1 |   2 |   2
+   |   |     2 |   2 |   2
+(5 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- More rescan tests
+select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by cube(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
+ a | a | four | ten | count 
+---+---+------+-----+-------
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   0 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   2 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   4 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   6 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   8 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   1 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   3 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   5 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   7 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   9 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   0 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   2 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   4 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   6 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   8 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   1 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   3 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   5 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   7 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   9 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |      |   0 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   1 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   2 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   3 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   4 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   5 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   6 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   7 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   8 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   9 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |     |  1000
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   0 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   2 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   4 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   6 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   8 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   1 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   3 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   5 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   7 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   9 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   0 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   2 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   4 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   6 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   8 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   1 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   3 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   5 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   7 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   9 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |      |   0 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   1 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   2 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   3 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   4 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   5 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   6 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   7 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   8 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   9 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |     |  1000
+(70 rows)
+
+select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by cube(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
+                                                                        array                                                                         
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"(1,0,0,250)","(1,0,2,250)","(1,0,,500)","(1,1,1,250)","(1,1,3,250)","(1,1,,500)","(1,,0,250)","(1,,1,250)","(1,,2,250)","(1,,3,250)","(1,,,1000)"}
+ {"(2,0,0,250)","(2,0,2,250)","(2,0,,500)","(2,1,1,250)","(2,1,3,250)","(2,1,,500)","(2,,0,250)","(2,,1,250)","(2,,2,250)","(2,,3,250)","(2,,,1000)"}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Rescan logic changes when there are no empty grouping sets, so test
+-- that too:
+select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by grouping sets(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
+ a | a | four | ten | count 
+---+---+------+-----+-------
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |      |   0 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   1 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   2 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   3 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   4 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   5 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   6 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   7 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   8 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   9 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |      |   0 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   1 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   2 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   3 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   4 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   5 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   6 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   7 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   8 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   9 |   100
+(28 rows)
+
+select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by grouping sets(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
+                                      array                                      
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"(1,0,,500)","(1,1,,500)","(1,,0,250)","(1,,1,250)","(1,,2,250)","(1,,3,250)"}
+ {"(2,0,,500)","(2,1,,500)","(2,,0,250)","(2,,1,250)","(2,,2,250)","(2,,3,250)"}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test the knapsack
+set enable_indexscan = false;
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set work_mem = '64kB';
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique1,
+         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
+         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
+         count(*)
+    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,twothousand,thousand,hundred,ten,four,two);
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: two
+   Hash Key: four
+   Hash Key: ten
+   Hash Key: hundred
+   Group Key: unique1
+   Sort Key: twothousand
+     Group Key: twothousand
+   Sort Key: thousand
+     Group Key: thousand
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: unique1
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+(13 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique1,
+         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
+         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
+         count(*)
+    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,hundred,ten,four,two);
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: two
+   Hash Key: four
+   Hash Key: ten
+   Hash Key: hundred
+   Group Key: unique1
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: unique1
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+(9 rows)
+
+set work_mem = '384kB';
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique1,
+         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
+         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
+         count(*)
+    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,twothousand,thousand,hundred,ten,four,two);
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: two
+   Hash Key: four
+   Hash Key: ten
+   Hash Key: hundred
+   Hash Key: thousand
+   Group Key: unique1
+   Sort Key: twothousand
+     Group Key: twothousand
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: unique1
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+(12 rows)
+
+-- check collation-sensitive matching between grouping expressions
+-- (similar to a check for aggregates, but there are additional code
+-- paths for GROUPING, so check again here)
+select v||'a', case grouping(v||'a') when 1 then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
+  from unnest(array[1,1], array['a','b']) u(i,v)
+ group by rollup(i, v||'a') order by 1,3;
+ ?column? | case | count 
+----------+------+-------
+ aa       |    0 |     1
+ ba       |    0 |     1
+          |    1 |     2
+          |    1 |     2
+(4 rows)
+
+select v||'a', case when grouping(v||'a') = 1 then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
+  from unnest(array[1,1], array['a','b']) u(i,v)
+ group by rollup(i, v||'a') order by 1,3;
+ ?column? | case | count 
+----------+------+-------
+ aa       |    0 |     1
+ ba       |    0 |     1
+          |    1 |     2
+          |    1 |     2
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Bug #16784
+create table bug_16784(i int, j int);
+analyze bug_16784;
+alter table bug_16784 set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+update pg_class set reltuples = 10 where relname='bug_16784';
+insert into bug_16784 select g/10, g from generate_series(1,40) g;
+set work_mem='64kB';
+set enable_sort = false;
+select * from
+  (values (1),(2)) v(a),
+  lateral (select a, i, j, count(*) from
+             bug_16784 group by cube(i,j)) s
+  order by v.a, i, j;
+ a | a | i | j  | count 
+---+---+---+----+-------
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  1 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  2 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  3 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  4 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  5 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  6 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  7 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  8 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  9 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |    |     9
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 12 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 15 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 17 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 19 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 |    |    10
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 20 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 21 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 22 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 23 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 24 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 25 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 26 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 27 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 28 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 29 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 |    |    10
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 30 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 31 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 32 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 33 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 34 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 35 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 36 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 37 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 38 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 39 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 |    |    10
+ 1 | 1 | 4 | 40 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 4 |    |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  1 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  2 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  3 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  4 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  5 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  6 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  7 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  8 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  9 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 10 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 11 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 12 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 13 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 14 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 15 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 16 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 17 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 18 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 19 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 20 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 21 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 22 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 23 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 24 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 25 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 26 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 27 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 28 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 29 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 30 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 31 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 32 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 33 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 34 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 35 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 36 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 37 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 38 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 39 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 40 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |    |    40
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  1 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  2 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  3 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  4 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  5 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  6 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  7 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  8 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  9 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |    |     9
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 10 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 11 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 12 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 13 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 14 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 15 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 16 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 17 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 18 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 19 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 |    |    10
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 20 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 21 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 22 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 23 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 24 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 25 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 26 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 27 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 28 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 29 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 |    |    10
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 30 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 31 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 32 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 33 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 34 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 35 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 36 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 37 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 38 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 39 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 |    |    10
+ 2 | 2 | 4 | 40 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 4 |    |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  1 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  2 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  3 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  4 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  5 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  6 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  7 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  8 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  9 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 10 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 11 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 12 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 13 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 14 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 15 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 16 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 17 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 18 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 19 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 20 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 21 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 22 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 23 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 24 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 25 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 26 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 27 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 28 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 29 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 30 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 31 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 32 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 33 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 34 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 35 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 36 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 37 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 38 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 39 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 40 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |    |    40
+(172 rows)
+
+--
+-- Compare results between plans using sorting and plans using hash
+-- aggregation. Force spilling in both cases by setting work_mem low
+-- and altering the statistics.
+--
+create table gs_data_1 as
+select g%1000 as g1000, g%100 as g100, g%10 as g10, g
+   from generate_series(0,1999) g;
+analyze gs_data_1;
+alter table gs_data_1 set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+update pg_class set reltuples = 10 where relname='gs_data_1';
+set work_mem='64kB';
+-- Produce results with sorting.
+set enable_sort = true;
+set enable_hashagg = false;
+set jit_above_cost = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: g1000, g100, g10
+   Group Key: g1000, g100
+   Group Key: g1000
+   Group Key: ()
+   Sort Key: g100, g10
+     Group Key: g100, g10
+     Group Key: g100
+   Sort Key: g10, g1000
+     Group Key: g10, g1000
+     Group Key: g10
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: g1000, g100, g10
+         ->  Seq Scan on gs_data_1
+(14 rows)
+
+create table gs_group_1 as
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+-- Produce results with hash aggregation.
+set enable_hashagg = true;
+set enable_sort = false;
+explain (costs off)
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+          QUERY PLAN          
+------------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: g1000, g100, g10
+   Hash Key: g1000, g100
+   Hash Key: g1000
+   Hash Key: g100, g10
+   Hash Key: g100
+   Hash Key: g10, g1000
+   Hash Key: g10
+   Group Key: ()
+   ->  Seq Scan on gs_data_1
+(10 rows)
+
+create table gs_hash_1 as
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+set enable_sort = true;
+set work_mem to default;
+set hash_mem_multiplier to default;
+-- Compare results
+(select * from gs_hash_1 except select * from gs_group_1)
+  union all
+(select * from gs_group_1 except select * from gs_hash_1);
+ g100 | g10 | sum | count | max 
+------+-----+-----+-------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+drop table gs_group_1;
+drop table gs_hash_1;
+-- GROUP BY DISTINCT
+-- "normal" behavior...
+select a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by all rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 3
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   |  
+ 1 |   |  
+ 1 |   |  
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 7 | 8 | 9
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   |  
+ 7 |   |  
+ 7 |   |  
+   |   |  
+(25 rows)
+
+-- ...which is also the default
+select a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 3
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   |  
+ 1 |   |  
+ 1 |   |  
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 7 | 8 | 9
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   |  
+ 7 |   |  
+ 7 |   |  
+   |   |  
+(25 rows)
+
+-- "group by distinct" behavior...
+select a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by distinct rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 3
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   |  
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 7 | 8 | 9
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   |  
+   |   |  
+(13 rows)
+
+-- ...which is not the same as "select distinct"
+select distinct a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 3
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   |  
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   |  
+ 7 | 8 | 9
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   |  
+   |   |  
+(11 rows)
+
+-- test handling of outer GroupingFunc within subqueries
+explain (costs off)
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by cube(v1);
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: $2
+   Group Key: ()
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $1)
+     ->  Result
+   InitPlan 3 (returns $2)
+     ->  Result
+   ->  Result
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Result
+(10 rows)
+
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by cube(v1);
+ grouping 
+----------
+        1
+        0
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by v1;
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: $2
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $1)
+     ->  Result
+   InitPlan 3 (returns $2)
+     ->  Result
+   ->  Result
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Result
+(9 rows)
+
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by v1;
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+-- end
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/guc.out b/src/test/regress/expected/guc.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1ea041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/guc.out
@@ -0,0 +1,881 @@
+-- pg_regress should ensure that this default value applies; however
+-- we can't rely on any specific default value of vacuum_cost_delay
+SHOW datestyle;
+   DateStyle   
+---------------
+ Postgres, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+-- SET to some nondefault value
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 40;
+SET datestyle = 'ISO, YMD';
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 40ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+-- SET LOCAL has no effect outside of a transaction
+SET LOCAL vacuum_cost_delay TO 50;
+WARNING:  SET LOCAL can only be used in transaction blocks
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 40ms
+(1 row)
+
+SET LOCAL datestyle = 'SQL';
+WARNING:  SET LOCAL can only be used in transaction blocks
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+-- SET LOCAL within a transaction that commits
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL vacuum_cost_delay TO 50;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 50ms
+(1 row)
+
+SET LOCAL datestyle = 'SQL';
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ SQL, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+       timestamptz       
+-------------------------
+ 08/13/2006 12:34:56 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 40ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+-- SET should be reverted after ROLLBACK
+BEGIN;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 60;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 60ms
+(1 row)
+
+SET datestyle = 'German';
+SHOW datestyle;
+  DateStyle  
+-------------
+ German, DMY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+       timestamptz       
+-------------------------
+ 13.08.2006 12:34:56 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 40ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+-- Some tests with subtransactions
+BEGIN;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 70;
+SET datestyle = 'MDY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT first_sp;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 80.1;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 80100us
+(1 row)
+
+SET datestyle = 'German, DMY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+  DateStyle  
+-------------
+ German, DMY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+       timestamptz       
+-------------------------
+ 13.08.2006 12:34:56 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK TO first_sp;
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT second_sp;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO '900us';
+SET datestyle = 'SQL, YMD';
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ SQL, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+       timestamptz       
+-------------------------
+ 08/13/2006 12:34:56 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT third_sp;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 100;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 100ms
+(1 row)
+
+SET datestyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+   DateStyle   
+---------------
+ Postgres, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Aug 13 12:34:56 2006 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK TO third_sp;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 900us
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ SQL, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+       timestamptz       
+-------------------------
+ 08/13/2006 12:34:56 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK TO second_sp;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 70ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 40ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+-- SET LOCAL with Savepoints
+BEGIN;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 40ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT sp;
+SET LOCAL vacuum_cost_delay TO 30;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 30ms
+(1 row)
+
+SET LOCAL datestyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+   DateStyle   
+---------------
+ Postgres, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Aug 13 12:34:56 2006 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK TO sp;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 40ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 40ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+-- SET LOCAL persists through RELEASE (which was not true in 8.0-8.2)
+BEGIN;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 40ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT sp;
+SET LOCAL vacuum_cost_delay TO 30;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 30ms
+(1 row)
+
+SET LOCAL datestyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+   DateStyle   
+---------------
+ Postgres, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Aug 13 12:34:56 2006 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT sp;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 30ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+   DateStyle   
+---------------
+ Postgres, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Aug 13 12:34:56 2006 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 40ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+-- SET followed by SET LOCAL
+BEGIN;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 40;
+SET LOCAL vacuum_cost_delay TO 50;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 50ms
+(1 row)
+
+SET datestyle = 'ISO, DMY';
+SET LOCAL datestyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+   DateStyle   
+---------------
+ Postgres, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Aug 13 12:34:56 2006 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 40ms
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, DMY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test RESET.  We use datestyle because the reset value is forced by
+-- pg_regress, so it doesn't depend on the installation's configuration.
+--
+SET datestyle = iso, ymd;
+SHOW datestyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, YMD
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+      timestamptz       
+------------------------
+ 2006-08-13 12:34:56-07
+(1 row)
+
+RESET datestyle;
+SHOW datestyle;
+   DateStyle   
+---------------
+ Postgres, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Aug 13 12:34:56 2006 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test some simple error cases
+SET seq_page_cost TO 'NaN';
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "seq_page_cost": "NaN"
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO '10s';
+ERROR:  10000 ms is outside the valid range for parameter "vacuum_cost_delay" (0 .. 100)
+SET no_such_variable TO 42;
+ERROR:  unrecognized configuration parameter "no_such_variable"
+-- Test "custom" GUCs created on the fly (which aren't really an
+-- intended feature, but many people use them).
+SHOW custom.my_guc;  -- error, not known yet
+ERROR:  unrecognized configuration parameter "custom.my_guc"
+SET custom.my_guc = 42;
+SHOW custom.my_guc;
+ custom.my_guc 
+---------------
+ 42
+(1 row)
+
+RESET custom.my_guc;  -- this makes it go to empty, not become unknown again
+SHOW custom.my_guc;
+ custom.my_guc 
+---------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SET custom.my.qualified.guc = 'foo';
+SHOW custom.my.qualified.guc;
+ custom.my.qualified.guc 
+-------------------------
+ foo
+(1 row)
+
+SET custom."bad-guc" = 42;  -- disallowed because -c cannot set this name
+ERROR:  invalid configuration parameter name "custom.bad-guc"
+DETAIL:  Custom parameter names must be two or more simple identifiers separated by dots.
+SHOW custom."bad-guc";
+ERROR:  unrecognized configuration parameter "custom.bad-guc"
+SET special."weird name" = 'foo';  -- could be allowed, but we choose not to
+ERROR:  invalid configuration parameter name "special.weird name"
+DETAIL:  Custom parameter names must be two or more simple identifiers separated by dots.
+SHOW special."weird name";
+ERROR:  unrecognized configuration parameter "special.weird name"
+-- Check what happens when you try to set a "custom" GUC within the
+-- namespace of an extension.
+SET plpgsql.extra_foo_warnings = true;  -- allowed if plpgsql is not loaded yet
+LOAD 'plpgsql';  -- this will throw a warning and delete the variable
+WARNING:  invalid configuration parameter name "plpgsql.extra_foo_warnings", removing it
+DETAIL:  "plpgsql" is now a reserved prefix.
+SET plpgsql.extra_foo_warnings = true;  -- now, it's an error
+ERROR:  invalid configuration parameter name "plpgsql.extra_foo_warnings"
+DETAIL:  "plpgsql" is a reserved prefix.
+SHOW plpgsql.extra_foo_warnings;
+ERROR:  unrecognized configuration parameter "plpgsql.extra_foo_warnings"
+--
+-- Test DISCARD TEMP
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE reset_test ( data text ) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'reset_test';
+  relname   
+------------
+ reset_test
+(1 row)
+
+DISCARD TEMP;
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'reset_test';
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test DISCARD ALL
+--
+-- do changes
+DECLARE foo CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT 1;
+PREPARE foo AS SELECT 1;
+LISTEN foo_event;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay = 13;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp_foo (data text) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+CREATE ROLE regress_guc_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_guc_user;
+-- look changes
+SELECT pg_listening_channels();
+ pg_listening_channels 
+-----------------------
+ foo_event
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+ name 
+------
+ foo
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors;
+ name 
+------
+ foo
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 13ms
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT relname from pg_class where relname = 'tmp_foo';
+ relname 
+---------
+ tmp_foo
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT current_user = 'regress_guc_user';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- discard everything
+DISCARD ALL;
+-- look again
+SELECT pg_listening_channels();
+ pg_listening_channels 
+-----------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+ vacuum_cost_delay 
+-------------------
+ 0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT relname from pg_class where relname = 'tmp_foo';
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT current_user = 'regress_guc_user';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+DROP ROLE regress_guc_user;
+--
+-- search_path should react to changes in pg_namespace
+--
+set search_path = foo, public, not_there_initially;
+select current_schemas(false);
+ current_schemas 
+-----------------
+ {public}
+(1 row)
+
+create schema not_there_initially;
+select current_schemas(false);
+       current_schemas        
+------------------------------
+ {public,not_there_initially}
+(1 row)
+
+drop schema not_there_initially;
+select current_schemas(false);
+ current_schemas 
+-----------------
+ {public}
+(1 row)
+
+reset search_path;
+--
+-- Tests for function-local GUC settings
+--
+set work_mem = '3MB';
+create function report_guc(text) returns text as
+$$ select current_setting($1) $$ language sql
+set work_mem = '1MB';
+select report_guc('work_mem'), current_setting('work_mem');
+ report_guc | current_setting 
+------------+-----------------
+ 1MB        | 3MB
+(1 row)
+
+alter function report_guc(text) set work_mem = '2MB';
+select report_guc('work_mem'), current_setting('work_mem');
+ report_guc | current_setting 
+------------+-----------------
+ 2MB        | 3MB
+(1 row)
+
+alter function report_guc(text) reset all;
+select report_guc('work_mem'), current_setting('work_mem');
+ report_guc | current_setting 
+------------+-----------------
+ 3MB        | 3MB
+(1 row)
+
+-- SET LOCAL is restricted by a function SET option
+create or replace function myfunc(int) returns text as $$
+begin
+  set local work_mem = '2MB';
+  return current_setting('work_mem');
+end $$
+language plpgsql
+set work_mem = '1MB';
+select myfunc(0), current_setting('work_mem');
+ myfunc | current_setting 
+--------+-----------------
+ 2MB    | 3MB
+(1 row)
+
+alter function myfunc(int) reset all;
+select myfunc(0), current_setting('work_mem');
+ myfunc | current_setting 
+--------+-----------------
+ 2MB    | 2MB
+(1 row)
+
+set work_mem = '3MB';
+-- but SET isn't
+create or replace function myfunc(int) returns text as $$
+begin
+  set work_mem = '2MB';
+  return current_setting('work_mem');
+end $$
+language plpgsql
+set work_mem = '1MB';
+select myfunc(0), current_setting('work_mem');
+ myfunc | current_setting 
+--------+-----------------
+ 2MB    | 2MB
+(1 row)
+
+set work_mem = '3MB';
+-- it should roll back on error, though
+create or replace function myfunc(int) returns text as $$
+begin
+  set work_mem = '2MB';
+  perform 1/$1;
+  return current_setting('work_mem');
+end $$
+language plpgsql
+set work_mem = '1MB';
+select myfunc(0);
+ERROR:  division by zero
+CONTEXT:  SQL statement "SELECT 1/$1"
+PL/pgSQL function myfunc(integer) line 4 at PERFORM
+select current_setting('work_mem');
+ current_setting 
+-----------------
+ 3MB
+(1 row)
+
+select myfunc(1), current_setting('work_mem');
+ myfunc | current_setting 
+--------+-----------------
+ 2MB    | 2MB
+(1 row)
+
+-- check current_setting()'s behavior with invalid setting name
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting');  -- FAIL
+ERROR:  unrecognized configuration parameter "nosuch.setting"
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting', false);  -- FAIL
+ERROR:  unrecognized configuration parameter "nosuch.setting"
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting', true) is null;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- after this, all three cases should yield 'nada'
+set nosuch.setting = 'nada';
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting');
+ current_setting 
+-----------------
+ nada
+(1 row)
+
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting', false);
+ current_setting 
+-----------------
+ nada
+(1 row)
+
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting', true);
+ current_setting 
+-----------------
+ nada
+(1 row)
+
+-- Normally, CREATE FUNCTION should complain about invalid values in
+-- function SET options; but not if check_function_bodies is off,
+-- because that creates ordering hazards for pg_dump
+create function func_with_bad_set() returns int as $$ select 1 $$
+language sql
+set default_text_search_config = no_such_config;
+NOTICE:  text search configuration "no_such_config" does not exist
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "default_text_search_config": "no_such_config"
+set check_function_bodies = off;
+create function func_with_bad_set() returns int as $$ select 1 $$
+language sql
+set default_text_search_config = no_such_config;
+NOTICE:  text search configuration "no_such_config" does not exist
+select func_with_bad_set();
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "default_text_search_config": "no_such_config"
+reset check_function_bodies;
+set default_with_oids to f;
+-- Should not allow to set it to true.
+set default_with_oids to t;
+ERROR:  tables declared WITH OIDS are not supported
+-- Test GUC categories and flag patterns
+SELECT pg_settings_get_flags(NULL);
+ pg_settings_get_flags 
+-----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_settings_get_flags('does_not_exist');
+ pg_settings_get_flags 
+-----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE tab_settings_flags AS SELECT name, category,
+    'EXPLAIN'          = ANY(flags) AS explain,
+    'NO_RESET_ALL'     = ANY(flags) AS no_reset_all,
+    'NOT_IN_SAMPLE'    = ANY(flags) AS not_in_sample,
+    'RUNTIME_COMPUTED' = ANY(flags) AS runtime_computed
+  FROM pg_show_all_settings() AS psas,
+    pg_settings_get_flags(psas.name) AS flags;
+-- Developer GUCs should be flagged with GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE:
+SELECT name FROM tab_settings_flags
+  WHERE category = 'Developer Options' AND NOT not_in_sample
+  ORDER BY 1;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Most query-tuning GUCs are flagged as valid for EXPLAIN.
+-- default_statistics_target is an exception.
+SELECT name FROM tab_settings_flags
+  WHERE category ~ '^Query Tuning' AND NOT explain
+  ORDER BY 1;
+           name            
+---------------------------
+ default_statistics_target
+(1 row)
+
+-- Runtime-computed GUCs should be part of the preset category.
+SELECT name FROM tab_settings_flags
+  WHERE NOT category = 'Preset Options' AND runtime_computed
+  ORDER BY 1;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Preset GUCs are flagged as NOT_IN_SAMPLE.
+SELECT name FROM tab_settings_flags
+  WHERE category = 'Preset Options' AND NOT not_in_sample
+  ORDER BY 1;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE tab_settings_flags;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/hash_func.out b/src/test/regress/expected/hash_func.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e23dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/hash_func.out
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+--
+-- Test hash functions
+--
+-- When the salt is 0, the extended hash function should produce a result
+-- whose low 32 bits match the standard hash function.  When the salt is
+-- not 0, we should get a different result.
+--
+SELECT v as value, hashint2(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashint2extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashint2extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0::int2), (1::int2), (17::int2), (42::int2)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashint2(v)::bit(32) != hashint2extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashint2(v)::bit(32) = hashint2extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashint4(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashint4extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashint4extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1), (17), (42), (550273), (207112489)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashint4(v)::bit(32) != hashint4extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashint4(v)::bit(32) = hashint4extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashint8(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashint8extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashint8extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1), (17), (42), (550273), (207112489)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashint8(v)::bit(32) != hashint8extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashint8(v)::bit(32) = hashint8extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashfloat4(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashfloat4extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashfloat4extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1), (17), (42), (550273), (207112489)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashfloat4(v)::bit(32) != hashfloat4extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashfloat4(v)::bit(32) = hashfloat4extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashfloat8(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashfloat8extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashfloat8extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1), (17), (42), (550273), (207112489)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashfloat8(v)::bit(32) != hashfloat8extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashfloat8(v)::bit(32) = hashfloat8extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashoid(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashoidextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashoidextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1), (17), (42), (550273), (207112489)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashoid(v)::bit(32) != hashoidextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashoid(v)::bit(32) = hashoidextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashchar(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashcharextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashcharextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::"char"), ('1'), ('x'), ('X'), ('p'), ('N')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashchar(v)::bit(32) != hashcharextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashchar(v)::bit(32) = hashcharextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashname(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashnameextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashnameextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL), ('PostgreSQL'), ('eIpUEtqmY89'), ('AXKEJBTK'),
+        ('muop28x03'), ('yi3nm0d73')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashname(v)::bit(32) != hashnameextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashname(v)::bit(32) = hashnameextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashtext(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashtextextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashtextextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL), ('PostgreSQL'), ('eIpUEtqmY89'), ('AXKEJBTK'),
+        ('muop28x03'), ('yi3nm0d73')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashtext(v)::bit(32) != hashtextextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashtext(v)::bit(32) = hashtextextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashoidvector(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashoidvectorextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashoidvectorextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::oidvector), ('0 1 2 3 4'), ('17 18 19 20'),
+        ('42 43 42 45'), ('550273 550273 570274'),
+        ('207112489 207112499 21512 2155 372325 1363252')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashoidvector(v)::bit(32) != hashoidvectorextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashoidvector(v)::bit(32) = hashoidvectorextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hash_aclitem(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hash_aclitem_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hash_aclitem_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (SELECT DISTINCT(relacl[1]) FROM pg_class LIMIT 10) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_aclitem(v)::bit(32) != hash_aclitem_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_aclitem(v)::bit(32) = hash_aclitem_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashmacaddr(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashmacaddrextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashmacaddrextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::macaddr), ('08:00:2b:01:02:04'), ('08:00:2b:01:02:04'),
+        ('e2:7f:51:3e:70:49'), ('d6:a9:4a:78:1c:d5'),
+        ('ea:29:b1:5e:1f:a5')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashmacaddr(v)::bit(32) != hashmacaddrextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashmacaddr(v)::bit(32) = hashmacaddrextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashinet(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashinetextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashinetextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::inet), ('192.168.100.128/25'), ('192.168.100.0/8'),
+        ('172.168.10.126/16'), ('172.18.103.126/24'), ('192.188.13.16/32')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashinet(v)::bit(32) != hashinetextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashinet(v)::bit(32) = hashinetextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hash_numeric(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hash_numeric_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hash_numeric_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1.149484958), (17.149484958), (42.149484958),
+        (149484958.550273), (2071124898672)) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_numeric(v)::bit(32) != hash_numeric_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_numeric(v)::bit(32) = hash_numeric_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hashmacaddr8(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashmacaddr8extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashmacaddr8extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::macaddr8), ('08:00:2b:01:02:04:36:49'),
+        ('08:00:2b:01:02:04:f0:e8'), ('e2:7f:51:3e:70:49:16:29'),
+        ('d6:a9:4a:78:1c:d5:47:32'), ('ea:29:b1:5e:1f:a5')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashmacaddr8(v)::bit(32) != hashmacaddr8extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashmacaddr8(v)::bit(32) = hashmacaddr8extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hash_array(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hash_array_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hash_array_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES ('{0}'::int4[]), ('{0,1,2,3,4}'), ('{17,18,19,20}'),
+        ('{42,34,65,98}'), ('{550273,590027, 870273}'),
+        ('{207112489, 807112489}')) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_array(v)::bit(32) != hash_array_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_array(v)::bit(32) = hash_array_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- array hashing with non-hashable element type
+SELECT v as value, hash_array(v)::bit(32) as standard
+FROM   (VALUES ('{0}'::money[])) x(v);
+ERROR:  could not identify a hash function for type money
+SELECT v as value, hash_array_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0
+FROM   (VALUES ('{0}'::money[])) x(v);
+ERROR:  could not identify an extended hash function for type money
+SELECT v as value, hashbpchar(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashbpcharextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashbpcharextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL), ('PostgreSQL'), ('eIpUEtqmY89'), ('AXKEJBTK'),
+        ('muop28x03'), ('yi3nm0d73')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashbpchar(v)::bit(32) != hashbpcharextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashbpchar(v)::bit(32) = hashbpcharextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, time_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       time_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       time_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::time), ('11:09:59'), ('1:09:59'), ('11:59:59'),
+        ('7:9:59'), ('5:15:59')) x(v)
+WHERE  time_hash(v)::bit(32) != time_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR time_hash(v)::bit(32) = time_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, timetz_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       timetz_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       timetz_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::timetz), ('00:11:52.518762-07'), ('00:11:52.51762-08'),
+        ('00:11:52.62-01'), ('00:11:52.62+01'), ('11:59:59+04')) x(v)
+WHERE  timetz_hash(v)::bit(32) != timetz_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR timetz_hash(v)::bit(32) = timetz_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, interval_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       interval_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       interval_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::interval),
+        ('5 month 7 day 46 minutes'), ('1 year 7 day 46 minutes'),
+        ('1 year 7 month 20 day 46 minutes'), ('5 month'),
+        ('17 year 11 month 7 day 9 hours 46 minutes 5 seconds')) x(v)
+WHERE  interval_hash(v)::bit(32) != interval_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR interval_hash(v)::bit(32) = interval_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, timestamp_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       timestamp_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       timestamp_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::timestamp), ('2017-08-22 00:09:59.518762'),
+        ('2015-08-20 00:11:52.51762-08'),
+        ('2017-05-22 00:11:52.62-01'),
+        ('2013-08-22 00:11:52.62+01'), ('2013-08-22 11:59:59+04')) x(v)
+WHERE  timestamp_hash(v)::bit(32) != timestamp_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR timestamp_hash(v)::bit(32) = timestamp_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, uuid_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       uuid_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       uuid_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::uuid), ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'),
+        ('5a9ba4ac-8d6f-11e7-bb31-be2e44b06b34'),
+        ('99c6705c-d939-461c-a3c9-1690ad64ed7b'),
+        ('7deed3ca-8d6f-11e7-bb31-be2e44b06b34'),
+        ('9ad46d4f-6f2a-4edd-aadb-745993928e1e')) x(v)
+WHERE  uuid_hash(v)::bit(32) != uuid_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR uuid_hash(v)::bit(32) = uuid_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, pg_lsn_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       pg_lsn_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       pg_lsn_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::pg_lsn), ('16/B374D84'), ('30/B374D84'),
+        ('255/B374D84'), ('25/B379D90'), ('900/F37FD90')) x(v)
+WHERE  pg_lsn_hash(v)::bit(32) != pg_lsn_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR pg_lsn_hash(v)::bit(32) = pg_lsn_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE TYPE mood AS ENUM ('sad', 'ok', 'happy');
+SELECT v as value, hashenum(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashenumextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashenumextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES ('sad'::mood), ('ok'), ('happy')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashenum(v)::bit(32) != hashenumextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashenum(v)::bit(32) = hashenumextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TYPE mood;
+SELECT v as value, jsonb_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       jsonb_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       jsonb_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::jsonb),
+        ('{"a": "aaa bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh iii"}}'),
+        ('{"foo": [true, "bar"], "tags": {"e": 1, "f": null}}'),
+        ('{"g": {"h": "value"}}')) x(v)
+WHERE  jsonb_hash(v)::bit(32) != jsonb_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR jsonb_hash(v)::bit(32) = jsonb_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hash_range(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hash_range_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hash_range_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (int4range(10, 20)), (int4range(23, 43)),
+        (int4range(5675, 550273)),
+        (int4range(550274, 1550274)), (int4range(1550275, 208112489))) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_range(v)::bit(32) != hash_range_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_range(v)::bit(32) = hash_range_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT v as value, hash_multirange(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+	   hash_multirange_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+	   hash_multirange_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES ('{[10,20)}'::int4multirange), ('{[23, 43]}'::int4multirange),
+         ('{[5675, 550273)}'::int4multirange),
+		 ('{[550274, 1550274)}'::int4multirange),
+		 ('{[1550275, 208112489)}'::int4multirange)) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_multirange(v)::bit(32) != hash_multirange_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_multirange(v)::bit(32) = hash_multirange_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE TYPE hash_test_t1 AS (a int, b text);
+SELECT v as value, hash_record(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hash_record_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hash_record_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (row(1, 'aaa')::hash_test_t1, row(2, 'bbb'), row(-1, 'ccc'))) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_record(v)::bit(32) != hash_record_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_record(v)::bit(32) = hash_record_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+ value | standard | extended0 | extended1 
+-------+----------+-----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TYPE hash_test_t1;
+-- record hashing with non-hashable field type
+CREATE TYPE hash_test_t2 AS (a money, b text);
+SELECT v as value, hash_record(v)::bit(32) as standard
+FROM   (VALUES (row(1, 'aaa')::hash_test_t2)) x(v);
+ERROR:  could not identify a hash function for type money
+SELECT v as value, hash_record_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0
+FROM   (VALUES (row(1, 'aaa')::hash_test_t2)) x(v);
+ERROR:  could not identify an extended hash function for type money
+DROP TYPE hash_test_t2;
+--
+-- Check special cases for specific data types
+--
+SELECT hashfloat4('0'::float4) = hashfloat4('-0'::float4) AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT hashfloat4('NaN'::float4) = hashfloat4(-'NaN'::float4) AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT hashfloat8('0'::float8) = hashfloat8('-0'::float8) AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT hashfloat8('NaN'::float8) = hashfloat8(-'NaN'::float8) AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT hashfloat4('NaN'::float4) = hashfloat8('NaN'::float8) AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/hash_index.out b/src/test/regress/expected/hash_index.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2036a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/hash_index.out
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+--
+-- HASH_INDEX
+--
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+CREATE TABLE hash_i4_heap (
+	seqno 		int4,
+	random 		int4
+);
+CREATE TABLE hash_name_heap (
+	seqno 		int4,
+	random 		name
+);
+CREATE TABLE hash_txt_heap (
+	seqno 		int4,
+	random 		text
+);
+CREATE TABLE hash_f8_heap (
+	seqno		int4,
+	random 		float8
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/hash.data'
+COPY hash_i4_heap FROM :'filename';
+COPY hash_name_heap FROM :'filename';
+COPY hash_txt_heap FROM :'filename';
+COPY hash_f8_heap FROM :'filename';
+-- the data in this file has a lot of duplicates in the index key
+-- fields, leading to long bucket chains and lots of table expansion.
+-- this is therefore a stress test of the bucket overflow code (unlike
+-- the data in hash.data, which has unique index keys).
+--
+-- \set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/hashovfl.data'
+-- COPY hash_ovfl_heap FROM :'filename';
+ANALYZE hash_i4_heap;
+ANALYZE hash_name_heap;
+ANALYZE hash_txt_heap;
+ANALYZE hash_f8_heap;
+CREATE INDEX hash_i4_index ON hash_i4_heap USING hash (random int4_ops);
+CREATE INDEX hash_name_index ON hash_name_heap USING hash (random name_ops);
+CREATE INDEX hash_txt_index ON hash_txt_heap USING hash (random text_ops);
+CREATE INDEX hash_f8_index ON hash_f8_heap USING hash (random float8_ops)
+  WITH (fillfactor=60);
+--
+-- Also try building functional, expressional, and partial indexes on
+-- tables that already contain data.
+--
+create unique index hash_f8_index_1 on hash_f8_heap(abs(random));
+create unique index hash_f8_index_2 on hash_f8_heap((seqno + 1), random);
+create unique index hash_f8_index_3 on hash_f8_heap(random) where seqno > 1000;
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 843938989 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_i4_heap
+   WHERE hash_i4_heap.random = 843938989;
+ seqno |  random   
+-------+-----------
+    15 | 843938989
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 66766766 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_i4_heap
+   WHERE hash_i4_heap.random = 66766766;
+ seqno | random 
+-------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 1505703298 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_name_heap
+   WHERE hash_name_heap.random = '1505703298'::name;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+  9838 | 1505703298
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 7777777 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_name_heap
+   WHERE hash_name_heap.random = '7777777'::name;
+ seqno | random 
+-------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 1351610853 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_txt_heap
+   WHERE hash_txt_heap.random = '1351610853'::text;
+ seqno |   random   
+-------+------------
+  5677 | 1351610853
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 111111112222222233333333 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_txt_heap
+   WHERE hash_txt_heap.random = '111111112222222233333333'::text;
+ seqno | random 
+-------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 444705537 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_f8_heap
+   WHERE hash_f8_heap.random = '444705537'::float8;
+ seqno |  random   
+-------+-----------
+  7853 | 444705537
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 88888888 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_f8_heap
+   WHERE hash_f8_heap.random = '88888888'::float8;
+ seqno | random 
+-------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep '^90[^0-9]' hashovfl.data
+--
+-- SELECT count(*) AS i988 FROM hash_ovfl_heap
+--    WHERE x = 90;
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep '^1000[^0-9]' hashovfl.data
+--
+-- SELECT count(*) AS i0 FROM hash_ovfl_heap
+--    WHERE x = 1000;
+--
+-- HASH
+--
+UPDATE hash_i4_heap
+   SET random = 1
+   WHERE hash_i4_heap.seqno = 1492;
+SELECT h.seqno AS i1492, h.random AS i1
+   FROM hash_i4_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = 1;
+ i1492 | i1 
+-------+----
+  1492 |  1
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE hash_i4_heap
+   SET seqno = 20000
+   WHERE hash_i4_heap.random = 1492795354;
+SELECT h.seqno AS i20000
+   FROM hash_i4_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = 1492795354;
+ i20000 
+--------
+  20000
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE hash_name_heap
+   SET random = '0123456789abcdef'::name
+   WHERE hash_name_heap.seqno = 6543;
+SELECT h.seqno AS i6543, h.random AS c0_to_f
+   FROM hash_name_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '0123456789abcdef'::name;
+ i6543 |     c0_to_f      
+-------+------------------
+  6543 | 0123456789abcdef
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE hash_name_heap
+   SET seqno = 20000
+   WHERE hash_name_heap.random = '76652222'::name;
+--
+-- this is the row we just replaced; index scan should return zero rows
+--
+SELECT h.seqno AS emptyset
+   FROM hash_name_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '76652222'::name;
+ emptyset 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+UPDATE hash_txt_heap
+   SET random = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnop'::text
+   WHERE hash_txt_heap.seqno = 4002;
+SELECT h.seqno AS i4002, h.random AS c0_to_p
+   FROM hash_txt_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnop'::text;
+ i4002 |          c0_to_p           
+-------+----------------------------
+  4002 | 0123456789abcdefghijklmnop
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE hash_txt_heap
+   SET seqno = 20000
+   WHERE hash_txt_heap.random = '959363399'::text;
+SELECT h.seqno AS t20000
+   FROM hash_txt_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '959363399'::text;
+ t20000 
+--------
+  20000
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE hash_f8_heap
+   SET random = '-1234.1234'::float8
+   WHERE hash_f8_heap.seqno = 8906;
+SELECT h.seqno AS i8096, h.random AS f1234_1234
+   FROM hash_f8_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '-1234.1234'::float8;
+ i8096 | f1234_1234 
+-------+------------
+  8906 | -1234.1234
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE hash_f8_heap
+   SET seqno = 20000
+   WHERE hash_f8_heap.random = '488912369'::float8;
+SELECT h.seqno AS f20000
+   FROM hash_f8_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '488912369'::float8;
+ f20000 
+--------
+  20000
+(1 row)
+
+-- UPDATE hash_ovfl_heap
+--    SET x = 1000
+--   WHERE x = 90;
+-- this vacuums the index as well
+-- VACUUM hash_ovfl_heap;
+-- SELECT count(*) AS i0 FROM hash_ovfl_heap
+--   WHERE x = 90;
+-- SELECT count(*) AS i988 FROM hash_ovfl_heap
+--  WHERE x = 1000;
+--
+-- Cause some overflow insert and splits.
+--
+CREATE TABLE hash_split_heap (keycol INT);
+INSERT INTO hash_split_heap SELECT 1 FROM generate_series(1, 500) a;
+CREATE INDEX hash_split_index on hash_split_heap USING HASH (keycol);
+INSERT INTO hash_split_heap SELECT 1 FROM generate_series(1, 5000) a;
+-- Let's do a backward scan.
+BEGIN;
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT * from hash_split_heap WHERE keycol = 1;
+MOVE FORWARD ALL FROM c;
+MOVE BACKWARD 10000 FROM c;
+MOVE BACKWARD ALL FROM c;
+CLOSE c;
+END;
+-- DELETE, INSERT, VACUUM.
+DELETE FROM hash_split_heap WHERE keycol = 1;
+INSERT INTO hash_split_heap SELECT a/2 FROM generate_series(1, 25000) a;
+VACUUM hash_split_heap;
+-- Rebuild the index using a different fillfactor
+ALTER INDEX hash_split_index SET (fillfactor = 10);
+REINDEX INDEX hash_split_index;
+-- Clean up.
+DROP TABLE hash_split_heap;
+-- Index on temp table.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE hash_temp_heap (x int, y int);
+INSERT INTO hash_temp_heap VALUES (1,1);
+CREATE INDEX hash_idx ON hash_temp_heap USING hash (x);
+DROP TABLE hash_temp_heap CASCADE;
+-- Float4 type.
+CREATE TABLE hash_heap_float4 (x float4, y int);
+INSERT INTO hash_heap_float4 VALUES (1.1,1);
+CREATE INDEX hash_idx ON hash_heap_float4 USING hash (x);
+DROP TABLE hash_heap_float4 CASCADE;
+-- Test out-of-range fillfactor values
+CREATE INDEX hash_f8_index2 ON hash_f8_heap USING hash (random float8_ops)
+	WITH (fillfactor=9);
+ERROR:  value 9 out of bounds for option "fillfactor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "10" and "100".
+CREATE INDEX hash_f8_index2 ON hash_f8_heap USING hash (random float8_ops)
+	WITH (fillfactor=101);
+ERROR:  value 101 out of bounds for option "fillfactor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "10" and "100".
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/hash_part.out b/src/test/regress/expected/hash_part.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac3aabe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/hash_part.out
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+--
+-- Hash partitioning.
+--
+-- Use hand-rolled hash functions and operator classes to get predictable
+-- result on different machines.  See the definitions of
+-- part_part_test_int4_ops and part_test_text_ops in insert.sql.
+CREATE TABLE mchash (a int, b text, c jsonb)
+  PARTITION BY HASH (a part_test_int4_ops, b part_test_text_ops);
+CREATE TABLE mchash1
+  PARTITION OF mchash FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 0);
+-- invalid OID, no such table
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition(0, 4, 0, NULL);
+ERROR:  could not open relation with OID 0
+-- not partitioned
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('tenk1'::regclass, 4, 0, NULL);
+ERROR:  "tenk1" is not a hash partitioned table
+-- partition rather than the parent
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash1'::regclass, 4, 0, NULL);
+ERROR:  "mchash1" is not a hash partitioned table
+-- invalid modulus
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 0, 0, NULL);
+ERROR:  modulus for hash partition must be an integer value greater than zero
+-- remainder too small
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 1, -1, NULL);
+ERROR:  remainder for hash partition must be an integer value greater than or equal to zero
+-- remainder too large
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 1, 1, NULL);
+ERROR:  remainder for hash partition must be less than modulus
+-- modulus is null
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, NULL, 0, NULL);
+ satisfies_hash_partition 
+--------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- remainder is null
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 4, NULL, NULL);
+ satisfies_hash_partition 
+--------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- too many arguments
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 4, 0, NULL::int, NULL::text, NULL::json);
+ERROR:  number of partitioning columns (2) does not match number of partition keys provided (3)
+-- too few arguments
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 3, 1, NULL::int);
+ERROR:  number of partitioning columns (2) does not match number of partition keys provided (1)
+-- wrong argument type
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 2, 1, NULL::int, NULL::int);
+ERROR:  column 2 of the partition key has type text, but supplied value is of type integer
+-- ok, should be false
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 4, 0, 0, ''::text);
+ satisfies_hash_partition 
+--------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- ok, should be true
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 4, 0, 2, ''::text);
+ satisfies_hash_partition 
+--------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- argument via variadic syntax, should fail because not all partitioning
+-- columns are of the correct type
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 2, 1,
+								variadic array[1,2]::int[]);
+ERROR:  column 2 of the partition key has type "text", but supplied value is of type "integer"
+-- multiple partitioning columns of the same type
+CREATE TABLE mcinthash (a int, b int, c jsonb)
+  PARTITION BY HASH (a part_test_int4_ops, b part_test_int4_ops);
+-- now variadic should work, should be false
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mcinthash'::regclass, 4, 0,
+								variadic array[0, 0]);
+ satisfies_hash_partition 
+--------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- should be true
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mcinthash'::regclass, 4, 0,
+								variadic array[0, 1]);
+ satisfies_hash_partition 
+--------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- wrong length
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mcinthash'::regclass, 4, 0,
+								variadic array[]::int[]);
+ERROR:  number of partitioning columns (2) does not match number of partition keys provided (0)
+-- wrong type
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mcinthash'::regclass, 4, 0,
+								variadic array[now(), now()]);
+ERROR:  column 1 of the partition key has type "integer", but supplied value is of type "timestamp with time zone"
+-- check satisfies_hash_partition passes correct collation
+create table text_hashp (a text) partition by hash (a);
+create table text_hashp0 partition of text_hashp for values with (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+create table text_hashp1 partition of text_hashp for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+-- The result here should always be true, because 'xxx' must belong to
+-- one of the two defined partitions
+select satisfies_hash_partition('text_hashp'::regclass, 2, 0, 'xxx'::text) OR
+	   satisfies_hash_partition('text_hashp'::regclass, 2, 1, 'xxx'::text) AS satisfies;
+ satisfies 
+-----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP TABLE mchash;
+DROP TABLE mcinthash;
+DROP TABLE text_hashp;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/horology.out b/src/test/regress/expected/horology.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de73683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/horology.out
@@ -0,0 +1,3415 @@
+--
+-- HOROLOGY
+--
+SET DateStyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+SHOW TimeZone;  -- Many of these tests depend on the prevailing setting
+ TimeZone 
+----------
+ PST8PDT
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test various input formats
+--
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227 040506+08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 12:05:06 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227 040506-08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227 040506.789+08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 12:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227 040506.789-08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227T040506+08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 12:05:06 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227T040506-08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227T040506.789+08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 12:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227T040506.789-08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2001-12-27 04:05:06.789-08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2001.12.27 04:05:06.789-08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2001/12/27 04:05:06.789-08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '12/27/2001 04:05:06.789-08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail in mdy mode:
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '27/12/2001 04:05:06.789-08';
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "27/12/2001 04:05:06.789-08"
+LINE 1: SELECT timestamp with time zone '27/12/2001 04:05:06.789-08'...
+                                        ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you need a different "datestyle" setting.
+set datestyle to dmy;
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '27/12/2001 04:05:06.789-08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Thu 27 Dec 04:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+reset datestyle;
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'Y2001M12D27H04M05S06.789+08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 12:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'Y2001M12D27H04M05S06.789-08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'Y2001M12D27H04MM05S06.789+08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 12:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'Y2001M12D27H04MM05S06.789-08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271+08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 08:00:00 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271-08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 00:00:00 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271.5+08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 20:00:00 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271.5-08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 12:00:00 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271 04:05:06+08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 12:05:06 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271 04:05:06-08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271T040506+08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 12:05:06 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271T040506-08';
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271T040506.789+08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 12:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271T040506.789-08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+-- German/European-style dates with periods as delimiters
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '12.27.2001 04:05:06.789+08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 26 12:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '12.27.2001 04:05:06.789-08';
+           timestamptz            
+----------------------------------
+ Thu Dec 27 04:05:06.789 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SET DateStyle = 'German';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '27.12.2001 04:05:06.789+08';
+         timestamptz         
+-----------------------------
+ 26.12.2001 12:05:06.789 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '27.12.2001 04:05:06.789-08';
+         timestamptz         
+-----------------------------
+ 27.12.2001 04:05:06.789 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SET DateStyle = 'ISO';
+-- As of 7.4, allow time without time zone having a time zone specified
+SELECT time without time zone '040506.789+08';
+     time     
+--------------
+ 04:05:06.789
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time without time zone '040506.789-08';
+     time     
+--------------
+ 04:05:06.789
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time without time zone 'T040506.789+08';
+     time     
+--------------
+ 04:05:06.789
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time without time zone 'T040506.789-08';
+     time     
+--------------
+ 04:05:06.789
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time with time zone '040506.789+08';
+     timetz      
+-----------------
+ 04:05:06.789+08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time with time zone '040506.789-08';
+     timetz      
+-----------------
+ 04:05:06.789-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time with time zone 'T040506.789+08';
+     timetz      
+-----------------
+ 04:05:06.789+08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time with time zone 'T040506.789-08';
+     timetz      
+-----------------
+ 04:05:06.789-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time with time zone 'T040506.789 +08';
+     timetz      
+-----------------
+ 04:05:06.789+08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time with time zone 'T040506.789 -08';
+     timetz      
+-----------------
+ 04:05:06.789-08
+(1 row)
+
+SET DateStyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+-- Check Julian dates BC
+SELECT date 'J1520447' AS "Confucius' Birthday";
+ Confucius' Birthday 
+---------------------
+ 09-28-0551 BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date 'J0' AS "Julian Epoch";
+ Julian Epoch  
+---------------
+ 11-24-4714 BC
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- date, time arithmetic
+--
+SELECT date '1981-02-03' + time '04:05:06' AS "Date + Time";
+       Date + Time        
+--------------------------
+ Tue Feb 03 04:05:06 1981
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1991-02-03' + time with time zone '04:05:06 PST' AS "Date + Time PST";
+       Date + Time PST        
+------------------------------
+ Sun Feb 03 04:05:06 1991 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '2001-02-03' + time with time zone '04:05:06 UTC' AS "Date + Time UTC";
+       Date + Time UTC        
+------------------------------
+ Fri Feb 02 20:05:06 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1991-02-03' + interval '2 years' AS "Add Two Years";
+      Add Two Years       
+--------------------------
+ Wed Feb 03 00:00:00 1993
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '2001-12-13' - interval '2 years' AS "Subtract Two Years";
+    Subtract Two Years    
+--------------------------
+ Mon Dec 13 00:00:00 1999
+(1 row)
+
+-- subtract time from date should not make sense; use interval instead
+SELECT date '1991-02-03' - time '04:05:06' AS "Subtract Time";
+      Subtract Time       
+--------------------------
+ Sat Feb 02 19:54:54 1991
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1991-02-03' - time with time zone '04:05:06 UTC' AS "Subtract Time UTC";
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: date - time with time zone
+LINE 1: SELECT date '1991-02-03' - time with time zone '04:05:06 UTC...
+                                 ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+--
+-- timestamp, interval arithmetic
+--
+SELECT timestamp without time zone '1996-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 29";
+          Feb 29          
+--------------------------
+ Thu Feb 29 23:59:59 1996
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp without time zone '1999-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 28";
+          Feb 28          
+--------------------------
+ Sun Feb 28 23:59:59 1999
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp without time zone '2000-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 29";
+          Feb 29          
+--------------------------
+ Tue Feb 29 23:59:59 2000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp without time zone '1999-12-01' + interval '1 month - 1 second' AS "Dec 31";
+          Dec 31          
+--------------------------
+ Fri Dec 31 23:59:59 1999
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp without time zone 'Jan 1, 4713 BC' + interval '106000000 days' AS "Feb 23, 285506";
+       Feb 23, 285506       
+----------------------------
+ Fri Feb 23 00:00:00 285506
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp without time zone 'Jan 1, 4713 BC' + interval '107000000 days' AS "Jan 20, 288244";
+       Jan 20, 288244       
+----------------------------
+ Sat Jan 20 00:00:00 288244
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp without time zone 'Jan 1, 4713 BC' + interval '109203489 days' AS "Dec 31, 294276";
+       Dec 31, 294276       
+----------------------------
+ Sun Dec 31 00:00:00 294276
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp without time zone '12/31/294276' - timestamp without time zone '12/23/1999' AS "106751991 Days";
+  106751991 Days  
+------------------
+ @ 106751991 days
+(1 row)
+
+-- Shorthand values
+-- Not directly usable for regression testing since these are not constants.
+-- So, just try to test parser and hope for the best - thomas 97/04/26
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'today' = (timestamp without time zone 'yesterday' + interval '1 day')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'today' = (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow' - interval '1 day')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'today 10:30' = (timestamp without time zone 'yesterday' + interval '1 day 10 hr 30 min')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '10:30 today' = (timestamp without time zone 'yesterday' + interval '1 day 10 hr 30 min')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow' = (timestamp without time zone 'yesterday' + interval '2 days')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow 16:00:00' = (timestamp without time zone 'today' + interval '1 day 16 hours')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '16:00:00 tomorrow' = (timestamp without time zone 'today' + interval '1 day 16 hours')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'yesterday 12:34:56' = (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow' - interval '2 days - 12:34:56')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '12:34:56 yesterday' = (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow' - interval '2 days - 12:34:56')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow' > 'now') as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Convert from date and time to timestamp
+-- This test used to be timestamp(date,time) but no longer allowed by grammar
+-- to enable support for SQL99 timestamp type syntax.
+SELECT date '1994-01-01' + time '11:00' AS "Jan_01_1994_11am";
+     Jan_01_1994_11am     
+--------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 11:00:00 1994
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1994-01-01' + time '10:00' AS "Jan_01_1994_10am";
+     Jan_01_1994_10am     
+--------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 10:00:00 1994
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date '1994-01-01' + timetz '11:00-5' AS "Jan_01_1994_8am";
+       Jan_01_1994_8am        
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 08:00:00 1994 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time with time zone '11:00-5') AS "Jan_01_1994_8am";
+       Jan_01_1994_8am        
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 08:00:00 1994 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT d1 + interval '1 year' AS one_year FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+          one_year           
+-----------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 1971
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:02 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1998
+ Fri Jan 02 00:00:00 1998
+ Fri Jan 02 03:04:05 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Wed Jun 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Sun Sep 22 18:19:20 2002
+ Thu Mar 15 08:14:01 2001
+ Thu Mar 15 13:14:02 2001
+ Thu Mar 15 12:14:03 2001
+ Thu Mar 15 03:14:04 2001
+ Thu Mar 15 02:14:05 2001
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:00 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Wed Jun 10 18:32:01 1998
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998
+ Wed Feb 11 17:32:01 1998
+ Thu Feb 12 17:32:01 1998
+ Fri Feb 13 17:32:01 1998
+ Sat Feb 14 17:32:01 1998
+ Sun Feb 15 17:32:01 1998
+ Mon Feb 16 17:32:01 1998
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0096 BC
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 0098
+ Fri Feb 16 17:32:01 0598
+ Wed Feb 16 17:32:01 1098
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1698
+ Fri Feb 16 17:32:01 1798
+ Wed Feb 16 17:32:01 1898
+ Mon Feb 16 17:32:01 1998
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 2098
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997
+ Thu Jan 01 17:32:01 1998
+ Sat Feb 28 17:32:01 1998
+ Sun Mar 01 17:32:01 1998
+ Wed Dec 30 17:32:01 1998
+ Thu Dec 31 17:32:01 1998
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001
+ Mon Dec 31 17:32:01 2001
+ Tue Jan 01 17:32:01 2002
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 - interval '1 year' AS one_year FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+          one_year           
+-----------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ Wed Jan 01 00:00:00 1969
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:02 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1996
+ Tue Jan 02 00:00:00 1996
+ Tue Jan 02 03:04:05 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Mon Jun 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Fri Sep 22 18:19:20 2000
+ Mon Mar 15 08:14:01 1999
+ Mon Mar 15 13:14:02 1999
+ Mon Mar 15 12:14:03 1999
+ Mon Mar 15 03:14:04 1999
+ Mon Mar 15 02:14:05 1999
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:00 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Mon Jun 10 18:32:01 1996
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996
+ Sun Feb 11 17:32:01 1996
+ Mon Feb 12 17:32:01 1996
+ Tue Feb 13 17:32:01 1996
+ Wed Feb 14 17:32:01 1996
+ Thu Feb 15 17:32:01 1996
+ Fri Feb 16 17:32:01 1996
+ Mon Feb 16 17:32:01 0098 BC
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0096
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0596
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1096
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1696
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1796
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1896
+ Fri Feb 16 17:32:01 1996
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 2096
+ Tue Feb 28 17:32:01 1995
+ Tue Feb 28 17:32:01 1995
+ Wed Mar 01 17:32:01 1995
+ Sat Dec 30 17:32:01 1995
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 1995
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 1996
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996
+ Thu Dec 31 17:32:01 1998
+ Fri Jan 01 17:32:01 1999
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '1996-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 29";
+            Feb 29            
+------------------------------
+ Thu Feb 29 23:59:59 1996 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '1999-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 28";
+            Feb 28            
+------------------------------
+ Sun Feb 28 23:59:59 1999 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2000-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 29";
+            Feb 29            
+------------------------------
+ Tue Feb 29 23:59:59 2000 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '1999-12-01' + interval '1 month - 1 second' AS "Dec 31";
+            Dec 31            
+------------------------------
+ Fri Dec 31 23:59:59 1999 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone 'today' = (timestamp with time zone 'yesterday' + interval '1 day')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone 'today' = (timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow' - interval '1 day')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow' = (timestamp with time zone 'yesterday' + interval '2 days')) as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow' > 'now') as "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- timestamp with time zone, interval arithmetic around DST change
+-- (just for fun, let's use an intentionally nonstandard POSIX zone spec)
+SET TIME ZONE 'CST7CDT,M4.1.0,M10.5.0';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2005-04-02 12:00-07' + interval '1 day' as "Apr 3, 12:00";
+         Apr 3, 12:00         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Apr 03 12:00:00 2005 CDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2005-04-02 12:00-07' + interval '24 hours' as "Apr 3, 13:00";
+         Apr 3, 13:00         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Apr 03 13:00:00 2005 CDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2005-04-03 12:00-06' - interval '1 day' as "Apr 2, 12:00";
+         Apr 2, 12:00         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Apr 02 12:00:00 2005 CST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2005-04-03 12:00-06' - interval '24 hours' as "Apr 2, 11:00";
+         Apr 2, 11:00         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Apr 02 11:00:00 2005 CST
+(1 row)
+
+RESET TIME ZONE;
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time '11:00') AS "Jan_01_1994_10am";
+       Jan_01_1994_10am       
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 11:00:00 1994 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time '10:00') AS "Jan_01_1994_9am";
+       Jan_01_1994_9am        
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 10:00:00 1994 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time with time zone '11:00-8') AS "Jan_01_1994_11am";
+       Jan_01_1994_11am       
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 11:00:00 1994 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time with time zone '10:00-8') AS "Jan_01_1994_10am";
+       Jan_01_1994_10am       
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 10:00:00 1994 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time with time zone '11:00-5') AS "Jan_01_1994_8am";
+       Jan_01_1994_8am        
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 08:00:00 1994 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT d1 + interval '1 year' AS one_year FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+            one_year             
+---------------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ Thu Dec 31 16:00:00 1970 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:02 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1998 PST
+ Fri Jan 02 00:00:00 1998 PST
+ Fri Jan 02 03:04:05 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Wed Jun 10 17:32:01 1998 PDT
+ Sun Sep 22 18:19:20 2002 PDT
+ Thu Mar 15 08:14:01 2001 PST
+ Thu Mar 15 04:14:02 2001 PST
+ Thu Mar 15 02:14:03 2001 PST
+ Thu Mar 15 03:14:04 2001 PST
+ Thu Mar 15 01:14:05 2001 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:00 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 09:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 09:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 09:32:01 1998 PST
+ Tue Feb 10 14:32:01 1998 PST
+ Fri Jul 10 14:32:01 1998 PDT
+ Wed Jun 10 18:32:01 1998 PDT
+ Tue Feb 10 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Wed Feb 11 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Thu Feb 12 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Fri Feb 13 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Sat Feb 14 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Sun Feb 15 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Mon Feb 16 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0096 PST BC
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 0098 PST
+ Fri Feb 16 17:32:01 0598 PST
+ Wed Feb 16 17:32:01 1098 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1698 PST
+ Fri Feb 16 17:32:01 1798 PST
+ Wed Feb 16 17:32:01 1898 PST
+ Mon Feb 16 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 2098 PST
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Sat Feb 28 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Sun Mar 01 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Wed Dec 30 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Thu Dec 31 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST
+ Mon Dec 31 17:32:01 2001 PST
+ Tue Jan 01 17:32:01 2002 PST
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 - interval '1 year' AS one_year FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+            one_year             
+---------------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ Tue Dec 31 16:00:00 1968 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:02 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1996 PST
+ Tue Jan 02 00:00:00 1996 PST
+ Tue Jan 02 03:04:05 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Jun 10 17:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Fri Sep 22 18:19:20 2000 PDT
+ Mon Mar 15 08:14:01 1999 PST
+ Mon Mar 15 04:14:02 1999 PST
+ Mon Mar 15 02:14:03 1999 PST
+ Mon Mar 15 03:14:04 1999 PST
+ Mon Mar 15 01:14:05 1999 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:00 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 09:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 09:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 09:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sat Feb 10 14:32:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Jul 10 14:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Mon Jun 10 18:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Sat Feb 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Sun Feb 11 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Feb 12 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Feb 13 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Feb 14 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 15 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Feb 16 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Feb 16 17:32:01 0098 PST BC
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0096 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0596 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1096 PST
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1696 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1796 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1896 PST
+ Fri Feb 16 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 2096 PST
+ Tue Feb 28 17:32:01 1995 PST
+ Tue Feb 28 17:32:01 1995 PST
+ Wed Mar 01 17:32:01 1995 PST
+ Sat Dec 30 17:32:01 1995 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 1995 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Dec 31 17:32:01 1998 PST
+ Fri Jan 01 17:32:01 1999 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST
+(66 rows)
+
+--
+-- time, interval arithmetic
+--
+SELECT CAST(time '01:02' AS interval) AS "+01:02";
+     +01:02      
+-----------------
+ @ 1 hour 2 mins
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT CAST(interval '02:03' AS time) AS "02:03:00";
+ 02:03:00 
+----------
+ 02:03:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time '01:30' + interval '02:01' AS "03:31:00";
+ 03:31:00 
+----------
+ 03:31:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time '01:30' - interval '02:01' AS "23:29:00";
+ 23:29:00 
+----------
+ 23:29:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time '02:30' + interval '36:01' AS "14:31:00";
+ 14:31:00 
+----------
+ 14:31:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time '03:30' + interval '1 month 04:01' AS "07:31:00";
+ 07:31:00 
+----------
+ 07:31:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT CAST(time with time zone '01:02-08' AS interval) AS "+00:01";
+ERROR:  cannot cast type time with time zone to interval
+LINE 1: SELECT CAST(time with time zone '01:02-08' AS interval) AS "...
+               ^
+SELECT CAST(interval '02:03' AS time with time zone) AS "02:03:00-08";
+ERROR:  cannot cast type interval to time with time zone
+LINE 1: SELECT CAST(interval '02:03' AS time with time zone) AS "02:...
+               ^
+SELECT time with time zone '01:30-08' - interval '02:01' AS "23:29:00-08";
+ 23:29:00-08 
+-------------
+ 23:29:00-08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT time with time zone '02:30-08' + interval '36:01' AS "14:31:00-08";
+ 14:31:00-08 
+-------------
+ 14:31:00-08
+(1 row)
+
+-- These two tests cannot be used because they default to current timezone,
+-- which may be either -08 or -07 depending on the time of year.
+-- SELECT time with time zone '01:30' + interval '02:01' AS "03:31:00-08";
+-- SELECT time with time zone '03:30' + interval '1 month 04:01' AS "07:31:00-08";
+-- Try the following two tests instead, as a poor substitute
+SELECT CAST(CAST(date 'today' + time with time zone '05:30'
+            + interval '02:01' AS time with time zone) AS time) AS "07:31:00";
+ 07:31:00 
+----------
+ 07:31:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT CAST(cast(date 'today' + time with time zone '03:30'
+  + interval '1 month 04:01' as timestamp without time zone) AS time) AS "07:31:00";
+ 07:31:00 
+----------
+ 07:31:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT t.d1 AS t, i.f1 AS i, t.d1 + i.f1 AS "add", t.d1 - i.f1 AS "subtract"
+  FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL t, INTERVAL_TBL i
+  WHERE t.d1 BETWEEN '1990-01-01' AND '2001-01-01'
+    AND i.f1 BETWEEN '00:00' AND '23:00'
+  ORDER BY 1,2;
+             t              |     i     |            add             |          subtract          
+----------------------------+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996   | @ 1 min   | Wed Feb 28 17:33:01 1996   | Wed Feb 28 17:31:01 1996
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996   | @ 5 hours | Wed Feb 28 22:32:01 1996   | Wed Feb 28 12:32:01 1996
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996   | @ 1 min   | Thu Feb 29 17:33:01 1996   | Thu Feb 29 17:31:01 1996
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996   | @ 5 hours | Thu Feb 29 22:32:01 1996   | Thu Feb 29 12:32:01 1996
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996   | @ 1 min   | Fri Mar 01 17:33:01 1996   | Fri Mar 01 17:31:01 1996
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996   | @ 5 hours | Fri Mar 01 22:32:01 1996   | Fri Mar 01 12:32:01 1996
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996   | @ 1 min   | Mon Dec 30 17:33:01 1996   | Mon Dec 30 17:31:01 1996
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996   | @ 5 hours | Mon Dec 30 22:32:01 1996   | Mon Dec 30 12:32:01 1996
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996   | @ 1 min   | Tue Dec 31 17:33:01 1996   | Tue Dec 31 17:31:01 1996
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996   | @ 5 hours | Tue Dec 31 22:32:01 1996   | Tue Dec 31 12:32:01 1996
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Wed Jan 01 17:33:01 1997   | Wed Jan 01 17:31:01 1997
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Wed Jan 01 22:32:01 1997   | Wed Jan 01 12:32:01 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997   | @ 1 min   | Thu Jan 02 00:01:00 1997   | Wed Jan 01 23:59:00 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997   | @ 5 hours | Thu Jan 02 05:00:00 1997   | Wed Jan 01 19:00:00 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997   | @ 1 min   | Thu Jan 02 03:05:05 1997   | Thu Jan 02 03:03:05 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997   | @ 5 hours | Thu Jan 02 08:04:05 1997   | Wed Jan 01 22:04:05 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:00 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:00 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:00 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:00 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01.4 1997 | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01.4 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01.4 1997 | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01.4 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01.5 1997 | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01.5 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01.5 1997 | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01.5 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:01.6 1997 | Mon Feb 10 17:31:01.6 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:01.6 1997 | Mon Feb 10 12:32:01.6 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997   | @ 1 min   | Mon Feb 10 17:33:02 1997   | Mon Feb 10 17:31:02 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997   | @ 5 hours | Mon Feb 10 22:32:02 1997   | Mon Feb 10 12:32:02 1997
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Tue Feb 11 17:33:01 1997   | Tue Feb 11 17:31:01 1997
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Tue Feb 11 22:32:01 1997   | Tue Feb 11 12:32:01 1997
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Wed Feb 12 17:33:01 1997   | Wed Feb 12 17:31:01 1997
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Wed Feb 12 22:32:01 1997   | Wed Feb 12 12:32:01 1997
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Thu Feb 13 17:33:01 1997   | Thu Feb 13 17:31:01 1997
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Thu Feb 13 22:32:01 1997   | Thu Feb 13 12:32:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Fri Feb 14 17:33:01 1997   | Fri Feb 14 17:31:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Fri Feb 14 22:32:01 1997   | Fri Feb 14 12:32:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Sat Feb 15 17:33:01 1997   | Sat Feb 15 17:31:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Sat Feb 15 22:32:01 1997   | Sat Feb 15 12:32:01 1997
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Sun Feb 16 17:33:01 1997   | Sun Feb 16 17:31:01 1997
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Sun Feb 16 17:33:01 1997   | Sun Feb 16 17:31:01 1997
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Sun Feb 16 22:32:01 1997   | Sun Feb 16 12:32:01 1997
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Sun Feb 16 22:32:01 1997   | Sun Feb 16 12:32:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Fri Feb 28 17:33:01 1997   | Fri Feb 28 17:31:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Fri Feb 28 22:32:01 1997   | Fri Feb 28 12:32:01 1997
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Sat Mar 01 17:33:01 1997   | Sat Mar 01 17:31:01 1997
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Sat Mar 01 22:32:01 1997   | Sat Mar 01 12:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Tue Jun 10 17:33:01 1997   | Tue Jun 10 17:31:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Tue Jun 10 22:32:01 1997   | Tue Jun 10 12:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Tue Jun 10 18:33:01 1997   | Tue Jun 10 18:31:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Tue Jun 10 23:32:01 1997   | Tue Jun 10 13:32:01 1997
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Tue Dec 30 17:33:01 1997   | Tue Dec 30 17:31:01 1997
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Tue Dec 30 22:32:01 1997   | Tue Dec 30 12:32:01 1997
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997   | @ 1 min   | Wed Dec 31 17:33:01 1997   | Wed Dec 31 17:31:01 1997
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997   | @ 5 hours | Wed Dec 31 22:32:01 1997   | Wed Dec 31 12:32:01 1997
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999   | @ 1 min   | Fri Dec 31 17:33:01 1999   | Fri Dec 31 17:31:01 1999
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999   | @ 5 hours | Fri Dec 31 22:32:01 1999   | Fri Dec 31 12:32:01 1999
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000   | @ 1 min   | Sat Jan 01 17:33:01 2000   | Sat Jan 01 17:31:01 2000
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000   | @ 5 hours | Sat Jan 01 22:32:01 2000   | Sat Jan 01 12:32:01 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000   | @ 1 min   | Wed Mar 15 02:15:05 2000   | Wed Mar 15 02:13:05 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000   | @ 5 hours | Wed Mar 15 07:14:05 2000   | Tue Mar 14 21:14:05 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000   | @ 1 min   | Wed Mar 15 03:15:04 2000   | Wed Mar 15 03:13:04 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000   | @ 5 hours | Wed Mar 15 08:14:04 2000   | Tue Mar 14 22:14:04 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000   | @ 1 min   | Wed Mar 15 08:15:01 2000   | Wed Mar 15 08:13:01 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000   | @ 5 hours | Wed Mar 15 13:14:01 2000   | Wed Mar 15 03:14:01 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000   | @ 1 min   | Wed Mar 15 12:15:03 2000   | Wed Mar 15 12:13:03 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000   | @ 5 hours | Wed Mar 15 17:14:03 2000   | Wed Mar 15 07:14:03 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000   | @ 1 min   | Wed Mar 15 13:15:02 2000   | Wed Mar 15 13:13:02 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000   | @ 5 hours | Wed Mar 15 18:14:02 2000   | Wed Mar 15 08:14:02 2000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000   | @ 1 min   | Sun Dec 31 17:33:01 2000   | Sun Dec 31 17:31:01 2000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000   | @ 5 hours | Sun Dec 31 22:32:01 2000   | Sun Dec 31 12:32:01 2000
+(104 rows)
+
+SELECT t.f1 AS t, i.f1 AS i, t.f1 + i.f1 AS "add", t.f1 - i.f1 AS "subtract"
+  FROM TIME_TBL t, INTERVAL_TBL i
+  ORDER BY 1,2;
+      t      |               i               |     add     |  subtract   
+-------------+-------------------------------+-------------+-------------
+ 00:00:00    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 23:59:46    | 00:00:14
+ 00:00:00    | @ 1 min                       | 00:01:00    | 23:59:00
+ 00:00:00    | @ 5 hours                     | 05:00:00    | 19:00:00
+ 00:00:00    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 02:03:04    | 21:56:56
+ 00:00:00    | @ 10 days                     | 00:00:00    | 00:00:00
+ 00:00:00    | @ 3 mons                      | 00:00:00    | 00:00:00
+ 00:00:00    | @ 5 mons                      | 00:00:00    | 00:00:00
+ 00:00:00    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 12:00:00    | 12:00:00
+ 00:00:00    | @ 6 years                     | 00:00:00    | 00:00:00
+ 00:00:00    | @ 34 years                    | 00:00:00    | 00:00:00
+ 01:00:00    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 00:59:46    | 01:00:14
+ 01:00:00    | @ 1 min                       | 01:01:00    | 00:59:00
+ 01:00:00    | @ 5 hours                     | 06:00:00    | 20:00:00
+ 01:00:00    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 03:03:04    | 22:56:56
+ 01:00:00    | @ 10 days                     | 01:00:00    | 01:00:00
+ 01:00:00    | @ 3 mons                      | 01:00:00    | 01:00:00
+ 01:00:00    | @ 5 mons                      | 01:00:00    | 01:00:00
+ 01:00:00    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 13:00:00    | 13:00:00
+ 01:00:00    | @ 6 years                     | 01:00:00    | 01:00:00
+ 01:00:00    | @ 34 years                    | 01:00:00    | 01:00:00
+ 02:03:00    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 02:02:46    | 02:03:14
+ 02:03:00    | @ 1 min                       | 02:04:00    | 02:02:00
+ 02:03:00    | @ 5 hours                     | 07:03:00    | 21:03:00
+ 02:03:00    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 04:06:04    | 23:59:56
+ 02:03:00    | @ 10 days                     | 02:03:00    | 02:03:00
+ 02:03:00    | @ 3 mons                      | 02:03:00    | 02:03:00
+ 02:03:00    | @ 5 mons                      | 02:03:00    | 02:03:00
+ 02:03:00    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 14:03:00    | 14:03:00
+ 02:03:00    | @ 6 years                     | 02:03:00    | 02:03:00
+ 02:03:00    | @ 34 years                    | 02:03:00    | 02:03:00
+ 11:59:00    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 11:58:46    | 11:59:14
+ 11:59:00    | @ 1 min                       | 12:00:00    | 11:58:00
+ 11:59:00    | @ 5 hours                     | 16:59:00    | 06:59:00
+ 11:59:00    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 14:02:04    | 09:55:56
+ 11:59:00    | @ 10 days                     | 11:59:00    | 11:59:00
+ 11:59:00    | @ 3 mons                      | 11:59:00    | 11:59:00
+ 11:59:00    | @ 5 mons                      | 11:59:00    | 11:59:00
+ 11:59:00    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 23:59:00    | 23:59:00
+ 11:59:00    | @ 6 years                     | 11:59:00    | 11:59:00
+ 11:59:00    | @ 34 years                    | 11:59:00    | 11:59:00
+ 12:00:00    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 11:59:46    | 12:00:14
+ 12:00:00    | @ 1 min                       | 12:01:00    | 11:59:00
+ 12:00:00    | @ 5 hours                     | 17:00:00    | 07:00:00
+ 12:00:00    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 14:03:04    | 09:56:56
+ 12:00:00    | @ 10 days                     | 12:00:00    | 12:00:00
+ 12:00:00    | @ 3 mons                      | 12:00:00    | 12:00:00
+ 12:00:00    | @ 5 mons                      | 12:00:00    | 12:00:00
+ 12:00:00    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 00:00:00    | 00:00:00
+ 12:00:00    | @ 6 years                     | 12:00:00    | 12:00:00
+ 12:00:00    | @ 34 years                    | 12:00:00    | 12:00:00
+ 12:01:00    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 12:00:46    | 12:01:14
+ 12:01:00    | @ 1 min                       | 12:02:00    | 12:00:00
+ 12:01:00    | @ 5 hours                     | 17:01:00    | 07:01:00
+ 12:01:00    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 14:04:04    | 09:57:56
+ 12:01:00    | @ 10 days                     | 12:01:00    | 12:01:00
+ 12:01:00    | @ 3 mons                      | 12:01:00    | 12:01:00
+ 12:01:00    | @ 5 mons                      | 12:01:00    | 12:01:00
+ 12:01:00    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 00:01:00    | 00:01:00
+ 12:01:00    | @ 6 years                     | 12:01:00    | 12:01:00
+ 12:01:00    | @ 34 years                    | 12:01:00    | 12:01:00
+ 15:36:39    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 15:36:25    | 15:36:53
+ 15:36:39    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 15:36:25    | 15:36:53
+ 15:36:39    | @ 1 min                       | 15:37:39    | 15:35:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 1 min                       | 15:37:39    | 15:35:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 5 hours                     | 20:36:39    | 10:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 5 hours                     | 20:36:39    | 10:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 17:39:43    | 13:33:35
+ 15:36:39    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 17:39:43    | 13:33:35
+ 15:36:39    | @ 10 days                     | 15:36:39    | 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 10 days                     | 15:36:39    | 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 3 mons                      | 15:36:39    | 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 3 mons                      | 15:36:39    | 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 5 mons                      | 15:36:39    | 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 5 mons                      | 15:36:39    | 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 03:36:39    | 03:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 03:36:39    | 03:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 6 years                     | 15:36:39    | 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 6 years                     | 15:36:39    | 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 34 years                    | 15:36:39    | 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39    | @ 34 years                    | 15:36:39    | 15:36:39
+ 23:59:00    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 23:58:46    | 23:59:14
+ 23:59:00    | @ 1 min                       | 00:00:00    | 23:58:00
+ 23:59:00    | @ 5 hours                     | 04:59:00    | 18:59:00
+ 23:59:00    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 02:02:04    | 21:55:56
+ 23:59:00    | @ 10 days                     | 23:59:00    | 23:59:00
+ 23:59:00    | @ 3 mons                      | 23:59:00    | 23:59:00
+ 23:59:00    | @ 5 mons                      | 23:59:00    | 23:59:00
+ 23:59:00    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 11:59:00    | 11:59:00
+ 23:59:00    | @ 6 years                     | 23:59:00    | 23:59:00
+ 23:59:00    | @ 34 years                    | 23:59:00    | 23:59:00
+ 23:59:59.99 | @ 14 secs ago                 | 23:59:45.99 | 00:00:13.99
+ 23:59:59.99 | @ 1 min                       | 00:00:59.99 | 23:58:59.99
+ 23:59:59.99 | @ 5 hours                     | 04:59:59.99 | 18:59:59.99
+ 23:59:59.99 | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 02:03:03.99 | 21:56:55.99
+ 23:59:59.99 | @ 10 days                     | 23:59:59.99 | 23:59:59.99
+ 23:59:59.99 | @ 3 mons                      | 23:59:59.99 | 23:59:59.99
+ 23:59:59.99 | @ 5 mons                      | 23:59:59.99 | 23:59:59.99
+ 23:59:59.99 | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 11:59:59.99 | 11:59:59.99
+ 23:59:59.99 | @ 6 years                     | 23:59:59.99 | 23:59:59.99
+ 23:59:59.99 | @ 34 years                    | 23:59:59.99 | 23:59:59.99
+(100 rows)
+
+SELECT t.f1 AS t, i.f1 AS i, t.f1 + i.f1 AS "add", t.f1 - i.f1 AS "subtract"
+  FROM TIMETZ_TBL t, INTERVAL_TBL i
+  ORDER BY 1,2;
+       t        |               i               |      add       |    subtract    
+----------------+-------------------------------+----------------+----------------
+ 00:01:00-07    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 00:00:46-07    | 00:01:14-07
+ 00:01:00-07    | @ 1 min                       | 00:02:00-07    | 00:00:00-07
+ 00:01:00-07    | @ 5 hours                     | 05:01:00-07    | 19:01:00-07
+ 00:01:00-07    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 02:04:04-07    | 21:57:56-07
+ 00:01:00-07    | @ 10 days                     | 00:01:00-07    | 00:01:00-07
+ 00:01:00-07    | @ 3 mons                      | 00:01:00-07    | 00:01:00-07
+ 00:01:00-07    | @ 5 mons                      | 00:01:00-07    | 00:01:00-07
+ 00:01:00-07    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 12:01:00-07    | 12:01:00-07
+ 00:01:00-07    | @ 6 years                     | 00:01:00-07    | 00:01:00-07
+ 00:01:00-07    | @ 34 years                    | 00:01:00-07    | 00:01:00-07
+ 01:00:00-07    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 00:59:46-07    | 01:00:14-07
+ 01:00:00-07    | @ 1 min                       | 01:01:00-07    | 00:59:00-07
+ 01:00:00-07    | @ 5 hours                     | 06:00:00-07    | 20:00:00-07
+ 01:00:00-07    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 03:03:04-07    | 22:56:56-07
+ 01:00:00-07    | @ 10 days                     | 01:00:00-07    | 01:00:00-07
+ 01:00:00-07    | @ 3 mons                      | 01:00:00-07    | 01:00:00-07
+ 01:00:00-07    | @ 5 mons                      | 01:00:00-07    | 01:00:00-07
+ 01:00:00-07    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 13:00:00-07    | 13:00:00-07
+ 01:00:00-07    | @ 6 years                     | 01:00:00-07    | 01:00:00-07
+ 01:00:00-07    | @ 34 years                    | 01:00:00-07    | 01:00:00-07
+ 02:03:00-07    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 02:02:46-07    | 02:03:14-07
+ 02:03:00-07    | @ 1 min                       | 02:04:00-07    | 02:02:00-07
+ 02:03:00-07    | @ 5 hours                     | 07:03:00-07    | 21:03:00-07
+ 02:03:00-07    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 04:06:04-07    | 23:59:56-07
+ 02:03:00-07    | @ 10 days                     | 02:03:00-07    | 02:03:00-07
+ 02:03:00-07    | @ 3 mons                      | 02:03:00-07    | 02:03:00-07
+ 02:03:00-07    | @ 5 mons                      | 02:03:00-07    | 02:03:00-07
+ 02:03:00-07    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 14:03:00-07    | 14:03:00-07
+ 02:03:00-07    | @ 6 years                     | 02:03:00-07    | 02:03:00-07
+ 02:03:00-07    | @ 34 years                    | 02:03:00-07    | 02:03:00-07
+ 08:08:00-04    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 08:07:46-04    | 08:08:14-04
+ 08:08:00-04    | @ 1 min                       | 08:09:00-04    | 08:07:00-04
+ 08:08:00-04    | @ 5 hours                     | 13:08:00-04    | 03:08:00-04
+ 08:08:00-04    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 10:11:04-04    | 06:04:56-04
+ 08:08:00-04    | @ 10 days                     | 08:08:00-04    | 08:08:00-04
+ 08:08:00-04    | @ 3 mons                      | 08:08:00-04    | 08:08:00-04
+ 08:08:00-04    | @ 5 mons                      | 08:08:00-04    | 08:08:00-04
+ 08:08:00-04    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 20:08:00-04    | 20:08:00-04
+ 08:08:00-04    | @ 6 years                     | 08:08:00-04    | 08:08:00-04
+ 08:08:00-04    | @ 34 years                    | 08:08:00-04    | 08:08:00-04
+ 07:07:00-08    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 07:06:46-08    | 07:07:14-08
+ 07:07:00-08    | @ 1 min                       | 07:08:00-08    | 07:06:00-08
+ 07:07:00-08    | @ 5 hours                     | 12:07:00-08    | 02:07:00-08
+ 07:07:00-08    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 09:10:04-08    | 05:03:56-08
+ 07:07:00-08    | @ 10 days                     | 07:07:00-08    | 07:07:00-08
+ 07:07:00-08    | @ 3 mons                      | 07:07:00-08    | 07:07:00-08
+ 07:07:00-08    | @ 5 mons                      | 07:07:00-08    | 07:07:00-08
+ 07:07:00-08    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 19:07:00-08    | 19:07:00-08
+ 07:07:00-08    | @ 6 years                     | 07:07:00-08    | 07:07:00-08
+ 07:07:00-08    | @ 34 years                    | 07:07:00-08    | 07:07:00-08
+ 11:59:00-07    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 11:58:46-07    | 11:59:14-07
+ 11:59:00-07    | @ 1 min                       | 12:00:00-07    | 11:58:00-07
+ 11:59:00-07    | @ 5 hours                     | 16:59:00-07    | 06:59:00-07
+ 11:59:00-07    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 14:02:04-07    | 09:55:56-07
+ 11:59:00-07    | @ 10 days                     | 11:59:00-07    | 11:59:00-07
+ 11:59:00-07    | @ 3 mons                      | 11:59:00-07    | 11:59:00-07
+ 11:59:00-07    | @ 5 mons                      | 11:59:00-07    | 11:59:00-07
+ 11:59:00-07    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 23:59:00-07    | 23:59:00-07
+ 11:59:00-07    | @ 6 years                     | 11:59:00-07    | 11:59:00-07
+ 11:59:00-07    | @ 34 years                    | 11:59:00-07    | 11:59:00-07
+ 12:00:00-07    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 11:59:46-07    | 12:00:14-07
+ 12:00:00-07    | @ 1 min                       | 12:01:00-07    | 11:59:00-07
+ 12:00:00-07    | @ 5 hours                     | 17:00:00-07    | 07:00:00-07
+ 12:00:00-07    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 14:03:04-07    | 09:56:56-07
+ 12:00:00-07    | @ 10 days                     | 12:00:00-07    | 12:00:00-07
+ 12:00:00-07    | @ 3 mons                      | 12:00:00-07    | 12:00:00-07
+ 12:00:00-07    | @ 5 mons                      | 12:00:00-07    | 12:00:00-07
+ 12:00:00-07    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 00:00:00-07    | 00:00:00-07
+ 12:00:00-07    | @ 6 years                     | 12:00:00-07    | 12:00:00-07
+ 12:00:00-07    | @ 34 years                    | 12:00:00-07    | 12:00:00-07
+ 12:01:00-07    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 12:00:46-07    | 12:01:14-07
+ 12:01:00-07    | @ 1 min                       | 12:02:00-07    | 12:00:00-07
+ 12:01:00-07    | @ 5 hours                     | 17:01:00-07    | 07:01:00-07
+ 12:01:00-07    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 14:04:04-07    | 09:57:56-07
+ 12:01:00-07    | @ 10 days                     | 12:01:00-07    | 12:01:00-07
+ 12:01:00-07    | @ 3 mons                      | 12:01:00-07    | 12:01:00-07
+ 12:01:00-07    | @ 5 mons                      | 12:01:00-07    | 12:01:00-07
+ 12:01:00-07    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 00:01:00-07    | 00:01:00-07
+ 12:01:00-07    | @ 6 years                     | 12:01:00-07    | 12:01:00-07
+ 12:01:00-07    | @ 34 years                    | 12:01:00-07    | 12:01:00-07
+ 15:36:39-04    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 15:36:25-04    | 15:36:53-04
+ 15:36:39-04    | @ 1 min                       | 15:37:39-04    | 15:35:39-04
+ 15:36:39-04    | @ 5 hours                     | 20:36:39-04    | 10:36:39-04
+ 15:36:39-04    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 17:39:43-04    | 13:33:35-04
+ 15:36:39-04    | @ 10 days                     | 15:36:39-04    | 15:36:39-04
+ 15:36:39-04    | @ 3 mons                      | 15:36:39-04    | 15:36:39-04
+ 15:36:39-04    | @ 5 mons                      | 15:36:39-04    | 15:36:39-04
+ 15:36:39-04    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 03:36:39-04    | 03:36:39-04
+ 15:36:39-04    | @ 6 years                     | 15:36:39-04    | 15:36:39-04
+ 15:36:39-04    | @ 34 years                    | 15:36:39-04    | 15:36:39-04
+ 15:36:39-05    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 15:36:25-05    | 15:36:53-05
+ 15:36:39-05    | @ 1 min                       | 15:37:39-05    | 15:35:39-05
+ 15:36:39-05    | @ 5 hours                     | 20:36:39-05    | 10:36:39-05
+ 15:36:39-05    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 17:39:43-05    | 13:33:35-05
+ 15:36:39-05    | @ 10 days                     | 15:36:39-05    | 15:36:39-05
+ 15:36:39-05    | @ 3 mons                      | 15:36:39-05    | 15:36:39-05
+ 15:36:39-05    | @ 5 mons                      | 15:36:39-05    | 15:36:39-05
+ 15:36:39-05    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 03:36:39-05    | 03:36:39-05
+ 15:36:39-05    | @ 6 years                     | 15:36:39-05    | 15:36:39-05
+ 15:36:39-05    | @ 34 years                    | 15:36:39-05    | 15:36:39-05
+ 23:59:00-07    | @ 14 secs ago                 | 23:58:46-07    | 23:59:14-07
+ 23:59:00-07    | @ 1 min                       | 00:00:00-07    | 23:58:00-07
+ 23:59:00-07    | @ 5 hours                     | 04:59:00-07    | 18:59:00-07
+ 23:59:00-07    | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 02:02:04-07    | 21:55:56-07
+ 23:59:00-07    | @ 10 days                     | 23:59:00-07    | 23:59:00-07
+ 23:59:00-07    | @ 3 mons                      | 23:59:00-07    | 23:59:00-07
+ 23:59:00-07    | @ 5 mons                      | 23:59:00-07    | 23:59:00-07
+ 23:59:00-07    | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 11:59:00-07    | 11:59:00-07
+ 23:59:00-07    | @ 6 years                     | 23:59:00-07    | 23:59:00-07
+ 23:59:00-07    | @ 34 years                    | 23:59:00-07    | 23:59:00-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | @ 14 secs ago                 | 23:59:45.99-07 | 00:00:13.99-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | @ 1 min                       | 00:00:59.99-07 | 23:58:59.99-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | @ 5 hours                     | 04:59:59.99-07 | 18:59:59.99-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | 02:03:03.99-07 | 21:56:55.99-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | @ 10 days                     | 23:59:59.99-07 | 23:59:59.99-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | @ 3 mons                      | 23:59:59.99-07 | 23:59:59.99-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | @ 5 mons                      | 23:59:59.99-07 | 23:59:59.99-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | 11:59:59.99-07 | 11:59:59.99-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | @ 6 years                     | 23:59:59.99-07 | 23:59:59.99-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | @ 34 years                    | 23:59:59.99-07 | 23:59:59.99-07
+(120 rows)
+
+-- SQL9x OVERLAPS operator
+-- test with time zone
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-28')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-30') AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-26', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-30') AS "False";
+ False 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-28')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', interval '1 day') AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-30') AS "False";
+ False 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours') AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', interval '12 hours') AS "False";
+ False 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- test without time zone
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-28')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-30') AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-26', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-30') AS "False";
+ False 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-28')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', interval '1 day') AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-30') AS "False";
+ False 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours') AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', interval '12 hours') AS "False";
+ False 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- test time and interval
+SELECT (time '00:00', time '01:00')
+  OVERLAPS (time '00:30', time '01:30') AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (time '00:00', interval '1 hour')
+  OVERLAPS (time '00:30', interval '1 hour') AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (time '00:00', interval '1 hour')
+  OVERLAPS (time '01:30', interval '1 hour') AS "False";
+ False 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- SQL99 seems to want this to be false (and we conform to the spec).
+-- istm that this *should* return true, on the theory that time
+-- intervals can wrap around the day boundary - thomas 2001-09-25
+SELECT (time '00:00', interval '1 hour')
+  OVERLAPS (time '01:30', interval '1 day') AS "False";
+ False 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE TEMP_TIMESTAMP (f1 timestamp with time zone);
+-- get some candidate input values
+INSERT INTO TEMP_TIMESTAMP (f1)
+  SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+  WHERE d1 BETWEEN '13-jun-1957' AND '1-jan-1997'
+   OR d1 BETWEEN '1-jan-1999' AND '1-jan-2010';
+SELECT f1 AS "timestamp"
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP
+  ORDER BY "timestamp";
+          timestamp           
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT d.f1 AS "timestamp", t.f1 AS "interval", d.f1 + t.f1 AS plus
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP d, INTERVAL_TBL t
+  ORDER BY plus, "timestamp", "interval";
+          timestamp           |           interval            |             plus             
+------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Dec 31 23:59:46 1969 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 1 min                       | Thu Jan 01 00:01:00 1970 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Thu Jan 01 05:00:00 1970 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Fri Jan 02 02:03:04 1970 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sun Jan 11 00:00:00 1970 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Wed Apr 01 00:00:00 1970 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Mon Jun 01 00:00:00 1970 PDT
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Mon Jun 01 12:00:00 1970 PDT
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 6 years                     | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1976 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Feb 28 17:31:47 1996 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Feb 28 17:33:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Wed Feb 28 22:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Thu Feb 29 17:31:47 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 min                       | Thu Feb 29 17:33:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Thu Feb 29 19:35:05 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Thu Feb 29 22:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Fri Mar 01 17:31:47 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 min                       | Fri Mar 01 17:33:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Fri Mar 01 19:35:05 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Fri Mar 01 22:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Sat Mar 02 19:35:05 1996 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sat Mar 09 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sun Mar 10 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 10 days                     | Mon Mar 11 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Tue May 28 17:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Wed May 29 17:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Sat Jun 01 17:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Sun Jul 28 17:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Mon Jul 29 05:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Mon Jul 29 17:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Tue Jul 30 05:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Thu Aug 01 17:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Fri Aug 02 05:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Mon Dec 30 17:31:47 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 min                       | Mon Dec 30 17:33:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Mon Dec 30 22:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Tue Dec 31 17:31:47 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 min                       | Tue Dec 31 17:33:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Tue Dec 31 19:35:05 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Tue Dec 31 22:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Wed Jan 01 19:35:05 1997 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 10 days                     | Thu Jan 09 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 10 days                     | Fri Jan 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Sun Mar 30 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Mon Mar 31 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Fri May 30 17:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Sat May 31 05:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Sat May 31 17:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Sun Jun 01 05:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Fri Dec 31 17:31:47 1999 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 1 min                       | Fri Dec 31 17:33:01 1999 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Fri Dec 31 22:32:01 1999 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Sat Jan 01 17:31:47 2000 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Sat Jan 01 17:33:01 2000 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Sat Jan 01 19:35:05 2000 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Sat Jan 01 22:32:01 2000 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Sun Jan 02 19:35:05 2000 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 10 days                     | Mon Jan 10 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Tue Jan 11 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Mar 15 02:13:51 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Mar 15 02:15:05 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Mar 15 03:13:50 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Mar 15 03:15:04 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Wed Mar 15 07:14:05 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Mar 15 08:13:47 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Wed Mar 15 08:14:04 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Mar 15 08:15:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Mar 15 12:13:49 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Mar 15 12:15:03 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Mar 15 13:13:48 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Wed Mar 15 13:14:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Mar 15 13:15:02 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Wed Mar 15 17:14:03 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Wed Mar 15 18:14:02 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Thu Mar 16 04:17:09 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Thu Mar 16 05:17:08 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Thu Mar 16 10:17:05 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Thu Mar 16 14:17:07 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Thu Mar 16 15:17:06 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sat Mar 25 02:14:05 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sat Mar 25 03:14:04 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sat Mar 25 08:14:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sat Mar 25 12:14:03 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sat Mar 25 13:14:02 2000 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Fri Mar 31 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Sat Apr 01 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Wed May 31 17:32:01 2000 PDT
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Thu Jun 01 05:32:01 2000 PDT
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Thu Jun 01 17:32:01 2000 PDT
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Fri Jun 02 05:32:01 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Thu Jun 15 02:14:05 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Thu Jun 15 03:14:04 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Thu Jun 15 08:14:01 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Thu Jun 15 12:14:03 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Thu Jun 15 13:14:02 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Tue Aug 15 02:14:05 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Tue Aug 15 03:14:04 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Tue Aug 15 08:14:01 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Tue Aug 15 12:14:03 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Tue Aug 15 13:14:02 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Tue Aug 15 14:14:05 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Tue Aug 15 15:14:04 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Tue Aug 15 20:14:01 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Wed Aug 16 00:14:03 2000 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Wed Aug 16 01:14:02 2000 PDT
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Sun Dec 31 17:31:47 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Sun Dec 31 17:33:01 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Sun Dec 31 22:32:01 2000 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Mon Jan 01 17:31:47 2001 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 1 min                       | Mon Jan 01 17:33:01 2001 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Mon Jan 01 19:35:05 2001 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Mon Jan 01 22:32:01 2001 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Tue Jan 02 19:35:05 2001 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Wed Jan 10 17:32:01 2001 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 10 days                     | Thu Jan 11 17:32:01 2001 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Sat Mar 31 17:32:01 2001 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Sun Apr 01 17:32:01 2001 PDT
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Thu May 31 17:32:01 2001 PDT
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Fri Jun 01 05:32:01 2001 PDT
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Fri Jun 01 17:32:01 2001 PDT
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Sat Jun 02 05:32:01 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 14 secs ago                 | Sat Sep 22 18:19:06 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 1 min                       | Sat Sep 22 18:20:20 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 5 hours                     | Sat Sep 22 23:19:20 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Sun Sep 23 20:22:24 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 10 days                     | Tue Oct 02 18:19:20 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 3 mons                      | Sat Dec 22 18:19:20 2001 PST
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 5 mons                      | Fri Feb 22 18:19:20 2002 PST
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Sat Feb 23 06:19:20 2002 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 6 years                     | Thu Feb 28 17:32:01 2002 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 6 years                     | Thu Feb 28 17:32:01 2002 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 6 years                     | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 2002 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 6 years                     | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 2002 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 6 years                     | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 2002 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 34 years                    | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 2004 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 6 years                     | Sat Dec 31 17:32:01 2005 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Sun Jan 01 17:32:01 2006 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2006 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2006 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2006 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2006 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2006 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2006 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 6 years                     | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2007 PST
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 6 years                     | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2007 PDT
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 34 years                    | Thu Feb 28 17:32:01 2030 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 34 years                    | Thu Feb 28 17:32:01 2030 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 34 years                    | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 2030 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 34 years                    | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 2030 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 34 years                    | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 2030 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 34 years                    | Sat Dec 31 17:32:01 2033 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Sun Jan 01 17:32:01 2034 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2034 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2034 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2034 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2034 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2034 PDT
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2034 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 34 years                    | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2035 PST
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 34 years                    | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2035 PDT
+(160 rows)
+
+SELECT d.f1 AS "timestamp", t.f1 AS "interval", d.f1 - t.f1 AS minus
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP d, INTERVAL_TBL t
+  WHERE isfinite(d.f1)
+  ORDER BY minus, "timestamp", "interval";
+          timestamp           |           interval            |            minus             
+------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 34 years                    | Wed Jan 01 00:00:00 1936 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 34 years                    | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1962 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 34 years                    | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1962 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 34 years                    | Thu Mar 01 17:32:01 1962 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 34 years                    | Sun Dec 30 17:32:01 1962 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 34 years                    | Mon Dec 31 17:32:01 1962 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 6 years                     | Wed Jan 01 00:00:00 1964 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 34 years                    | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1965 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 1966 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Tue Mar 15 02:14:05 1966 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Tue Mar 15 03:14:04 1966 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Tue Mar 15 08:14:01 1966 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Tue Mar 15 12:14:03 1966 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Tue Mar 15 13:14:02 1966 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 34 years                    | Sat Dec 31 17:32:01 1966 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 34 years                    | Sun Jan 01 17:32:01 1967 PST
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 34 years                    | Fri Sep 22 18:19:20 1967 PDT
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Thu Jul 31 12:00:00 1969 PDT
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Fri Aug 01 00:00:00 1969 PDT
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Wed Oct 01 00:00:00 1969 PDT
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 10 days                     | Mon Dec 22 00:00:00 1969 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Tue Dec 30 21:56:56 1969 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Wed Dec 31 19:00:00 1969 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Dec 31 23:59:00 1969 PST
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Thu Jan 01 00:00:14 1970 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 6 years                     | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1990 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 6 years                     | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1990 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 6 years                     | Thu Mar 01 17:32:01 1990 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 6 years                     | Sun Dec 30 17:32:01 1990 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 6 years                     | Mon Dec 31 17:32:01 1990 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 6 years                     | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1993 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 1994 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Tue Mar 15 02:14:05 1994 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Tue Mar 15 03:14:04 1994 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Tue Mar 15 08:14:01 1994 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Tue Mar 15 12:14:03 1994 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Tue Mar 15 13:14:02 1994 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 6 years                     | Sat Dec 31 17:32:01 1994 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 6 years                     | Sun Jan 01 17:32:01 1995 PST
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 6 years                     | Fri Sep 22 18:19:20 1995 PDT
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Thu Sep 28 05:32:01 1995 PDT
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Thu Sep 28 17:32:01 1995 PDT
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Fri Sep 29 05:32:01 1995 PDT
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Fri Sep 29 17:32:01 1995 PDT
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Sun Oct 01 05:32:01 1995 PDT
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Sun Oct 01 17:32:01 1995 PDT
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Tue Nov 28 17:32:01 1995 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Wed Nov 29 17:32:01 1995 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Fri Dec 01 17:32:01 1995 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sun Feb 18 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 10 days                     | Mon Feb 19 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 10 days                     | Tue Feb 20 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Tue Feb 27 15:28:57 1996 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Wed Feb 28 12:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Wed Feb 28 15:28:57 1996 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Feb 28 17:31:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Feb 28 17:32:15 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Thu Feb 29 12:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Thu Feb 29 15:28:57 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 min                       | Thu Feb 29 17:31:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Thu Feb 29 17:32:15 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Fri Mar 01 12:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 min                       | Fri Mar 01 17:31:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Fri Mar 01 17:32:15 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Tue Jul 30 05:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Tue Jul 30 17:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Wed Jul 31 05:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Wed Jul 31 17:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Mon Sep 30 17:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Mon Sep 30 17:32:01 1996 PDT
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 10 days                     | Fri Dec 20 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sat Dec 21 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Sun Dec 29 15:28:57 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Mon Dec 30 12:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Mon Dec 30 15:28:57 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 min                       | Mon Dec 30 17:31:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Mon Dec 30 17:32:15 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Tue Dec 31 12:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 min                       | Tue Dec 31 17:31:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Tue Dec 31 17:32:15 1996 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Sat Jul 31 05:32:01 1999 PDT
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Sat Jul 31 17:32:01 1999 PDT
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Sun Aug 01 05:32:01 1999 PDT
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Sun Aug 01 17:32:01 1999 PDT
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Thu Sep 30 17:32:01 1999 PDT
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Fri Oct 01 17:32:01 1999 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Thu Oct 14 14:14:05 1999 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Thu Oct 14 15:14:04 1999 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Thu Oct 14 20:14:01 1999 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Fri Oct 15 00:14:03 1999 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Fri Oct 15 01:14:02 1999 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Fri Oct 15 02:14:05 1999 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Fri Oct 15 03:14:04 1999 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Fri Oct 15 08:14:01 1999 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Fri Oct 15 12:14:03 1999 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Fri Oct 15 13:14:02 1999 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Wed Dec 15 02:14:05 1999 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Wed Dec 15 03:14:04 1999 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Wed Dec 15 08:14:01 1999 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Wed Dec 15 12:14:03 1999 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Wed Dec 15 13:14:02 1999 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 10 days                     | Tue Dec 21 17:32:01 1999 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Wed Dec 22 17:32:01 1999 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Thu Dec 30 15:28:57 1999 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Fri Dec 31 12:32:01 1999 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Fri Dec 31 15:28:57 1999 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 1 min                       | Fri Dec 31 17:31:01 1999 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Fri Dec 31 17:32:15 1999 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Sat Jan 01 12:32:01 2000 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Sat Jan 01 17:31:01 2000 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Sat Jan 01 17:32:15 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sun Mar 05 02:14:05 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sun Mar 05 03:14:04 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sun Mar 05 08:14:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sun Mar 05 12:14:03 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Sun Mar 05 13:14:02 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Tue Mar 14 00:11:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Tue Mar 14 01:11:00 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Tue Mar 14 06:10:57 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Tue Mar 14 10:10:59 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Tue Mar 14 11:10:58 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Tue Mar 14 21:14:05 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Tue Mar 14 22:14:04 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Mar 15 02:13:05 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Mar 15 02:14:19 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Mar 15 03:13:04 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Wed Mar 15 03:14:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Mar 15 03:14:18 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Wed Mar 15 07:14:03 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Mar 15 08:13:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Wed Mar 15 08:14:02 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Mar 15 08:14:15 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Mar 15 12:13:03 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Mar 15 12:14:17 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Wed Mar 15 13:13:02 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Wed Mar 15 13:14:16 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Mon Jul 31 05:32:01 2000 PDT
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Mon Jul 31 17:32:01 2000 PDT
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Tue Aug 01 05:32:01 2000 PDT
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 5 mons                      | Tue Aug 01 17:32:01 2000 PDT
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Sat Sep 30 17:32:01 2000 PDT
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 3 mons                      | Sun Oct 01 17:32:01 2000 PDT
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 10 days                     | Thu Dec 21 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 10 days                     | Fri Dec 22 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Sat Dec 30 15:28:57 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Sun Dec 31 12:32:01 2000 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Sun Dec 31 15:28:57 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1 min                       | Sun Dec 31 17:31:01 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Sun Dec 31 17:32:15 2000 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 5 hours                     | Mon Jan 01 12:32:01 2001 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 1 min                       | Mon Jan 01 17:31:01 2001 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 14 secs ago                 | Mon Jan 01 17:32:15 2001 PST
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 5 mons 12 hours             | Sun Apr 22 06:19:20 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 5 mons                      | Sun Apr 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 3 mons                      | Fri Jun 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 10 days                     | Wed Sep 12 18:19:20 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs | Fri Sep 21 16:16:16 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 5 hours                     | Sat Sep 22 13:19:20 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 1 min                       | Sat Sep 22 18:18:20 2001 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 14 secs ago                 | Sat Sep 22 18:19:34 2001 PDT
+(160 rows)
+
+SELECT d.f1 AS "timestamp",
+   timestamp with time zone '1980-01-06 00:00 GMT' AS gpstime_zero,
+   d.f1 - timestamp with time zone '1980-01-06 00:00 GMT' AS difference
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP d
+  ORDER BY difference;
+          timestamp           |         gpstime_zero         |             difference              
+------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 3656 days 16 hours ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 5898 days 1 hour 32 mins 1 sec
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 5899 days 1 hour 32 mins 1 sec
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 5900 days 1 hour 32 mins 1 sec
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 6204 days 1 hour 32 mins 1 sec
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 6205 days 1 hour 32 mins 1 sec
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 7300 days 1 hour 32 mins 1 sec
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 7301 days 1 hour 32 mins 1 sec
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 7374 days 10 hours 14 mins 5 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 7374 days 11 hours 14 mins 4 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 7374 days 16 hours 14 mins 1 sec
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 7374 days 20 hours 14 mins 3 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 7374 days 21 hours 14 mins 2 secs
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 7666 days 1 hour 32 mins 1 sec
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 7667 days 1 hour 32 mins 1 sec
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Sat Jan 05 16:00:00 1980 PST | @ 7931 days 1 hour 19 mins 20 secs
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT d1.f1 AS timestamp1, d2.f1 AS timestamp2, d1.f1 - d2.f1 AS difference
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP d1, TEMP_TIMESTAMP d2
+  ORDER BY timestamp1, timestamp2, difference;
+          timestamp1          |          timestamp2          |                difference                 
+------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 0
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 9554 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 9555 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 9556 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 9860 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 9861 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 10956 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 10957 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 11031 days 2 hours 14 mins 5 secs ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 11031 days 3 hours 14 mins 4 secs ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 11031 days 8 hours 14 mins 1 sec ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 11031 days 12 hours 14 mins 3 secs ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 11031 days 13 hours 14 mins 2 secs ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 11322 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 11323 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec ago
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 11587 days 17 hours 19 mins 20 secs ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 9554 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 0
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 2 days ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 306 days ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 307 days ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 1402 days ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1403 days ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 1476 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 1476 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 1476 days 14 hours 42 mins ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 1476 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 1476 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1768 days ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 1769 days ago
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 2032 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 9555 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 0
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 305 days ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 306 days ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 1401 days ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1402 days ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 1475 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 1475 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 1475 days 14 hours 42 mins ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 1475 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 1475 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1767 days ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 1768 days ago
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 2031 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 9556 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 2 days
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 0
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 304 days ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 305 days ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 1400 days ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1401 days ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 1474 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 1474 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 1474 days 14 hours 42 mins ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 1474 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 1474 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1766 days ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 1767 days ago
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 2030 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs ago
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 9860 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 306 days
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 305 days
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 304 days
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 0
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day ago
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 1096 days ago
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1097 days ago
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 1170 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs ago
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 1170 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs ago
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 1170 days 14 hours 42 mins ago
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 1170 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs ago
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 1170 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec ago
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1462 days ago
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 1463 days ago
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 1726 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs ago
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 9861 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 307 days
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 306 days
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 305 days
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1 day
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 0
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 1095 days ago
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1096 days ago
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 1169 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs ago
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 1169 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs ago
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 1169 days 14 hours 42 mins ago
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 1169 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs ago
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 1169 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec ago
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1461 days ago
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 1462 days ago
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 1725 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs ago
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 10956 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1402 days
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1401 days
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1400 days
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1096 days
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1095 days
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 0
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1 day ago
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 74 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs ago
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 74 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs ago
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 74 days 14 hours 42 mins ago
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 74 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs ago
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 74 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec ago
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 366 days ago
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 367 days ago
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 630 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs ago
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 10957 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1403 days
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1402 days
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1401 days
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1097 days
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1096 days
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 1 day
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 0
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 73 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs ago
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 73 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs ago
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 73 days 14 hours 42 mins ago
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 73 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs ago
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 73 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec ago
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 365 days ago
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 366 days ago
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 629 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 11031 days 2 hours 14 mins 5 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1476 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1475 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1474 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1170 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1169 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 74 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 73 days 8 hours 42 mins 4 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 0
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 59 mins 59 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 5 hours 59 mins 56 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 9 hours 59 mins 58 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 10 hours 59 mins 57 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 291 days 15 hours 17 mins 56 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 292 days 15 hours 17 mins 56 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 556 days 15 hours 5 mins 15 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 11031 days 3 hours 14 mins 4 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1476 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1475 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1474 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1170 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1169 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 74 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 73 days 9 hours 42 mins 3 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 59 mins 59 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 0
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 4 hours 59 mins 57 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 8 hours 59 mins 59 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 9 hours 59 mins 58 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 291 days 14 hours 17 mins 57 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 292 days 14 hours 17 mins 57 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 556 days 14 hours 5 mins 16 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 11031 days 8 hours 14 mins 1 sec
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1476 days 14 hours 42 mins
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1475 days 14 hours 42 mins
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1474 days 14 hours 42 mins
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1170 days 14 hours 42 mins
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1169 days 14 hours 42 mins
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 74 days 14 hours 42 mins
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 73 days 14 hours 42 mins
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 5 hours 59 mins 56 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 4 hours 59 mins 57 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 0
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 4 hours 2 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 5 hours 1 sec ago
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 291 days 9 hours 18 mins ago
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 292 days 9 hours 18 mins ago
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 556 days 9 hours 5 mins 19 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 11031 days 12 hours 14 mins 3 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1476 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1475 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1474 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1170 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1169 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 74 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 73 days 18 hours 42 mins 2 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 9 hours 59 mins 58 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 8 hours 59 mins 59 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 4 hours 2 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 0
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 59 mins 59 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 291 days 5 hours 17 mins 58 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 292 days 5 hours 17 mins 58 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 556 days 5 hours 5 mins 17 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 11031 days 13 hours 14 mins 2 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1476 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1475 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1474 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1170 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1169 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 74 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 73 days 19 hours 42 mins 1 sec
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 10 hours 59 mins 57 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 9 hours 59 mins 58 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 5 hours 1 sec
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 59 mins 59 secs
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 0
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 291 days 4 hours 17 mins 59 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 292 days 4 hours 17 mins 59 secs ago
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 556 days 4 hours 5 mins 18 secs ago
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 11322 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1768 days
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1767 days
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1766 days
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1462 days
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1461 days
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 366 days
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 365 days
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 291 days 15 hours 17 mins 56 secs
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 291 days 14 hours 17 mins 57 secs
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 291 days 9 hours 18 mins
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 291 days 5 hours 17 mins 58 secs
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 291 days 4 hours 17 mins 59 secs
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 0
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 1 day ago
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 264 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs ago
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 11323 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1769 days
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1768 days
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1767 days
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1463 days
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1462 days
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 367 days
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 366 days
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 292 days 15 hours 17 mins 56 secs
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 292 days 14 hours 17 mins 57 secs
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 292 days 9 hours 18 mins
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 292 days 5 hours 17 mins 58 secs
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 292 days 4 hours 17 mins 59 secs
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 1 day
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 0
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 263 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs ago
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | @ 11587 days 17 hours 19 mins 20 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 2032 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 2031 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 2030 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1726 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | @ 1725 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | @ 630 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 629 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | @ 556 days 15 hours 5 mins 15 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | @ 556 days 14 hours 5 mins 16 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | @ 556 days 9 hours 5 mins 19 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | @ 556 days 5 hours 5 mins 17 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | @ 556 days 4 hours 5 mins 18 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | @ 264 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | @ 263 days 23 hours 47 mins 19 secs
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | @ 0
+(256 rows)
+
+--
+-- Conversions
+--
+SELECT f1 AS "timestamp", date(f1) AS date
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP
+  WHERE f1 <> timestamp 'now'
+  ORDER BY date, "timestamp";
+          timestamp           |    date    
+------------------------------+------------
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 PST | 01-01-1970
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST | 02-28-1996
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST | 02-29-1996
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST | 03-01-1996
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST | 12-30-1996
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST | 12-31-1996
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST | 12-31-1999
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST | 01-01-2000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000 PST | 03-15-2000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST | 03-15-2000
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST | 03-15-2000
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000 PST | 03-15-2000
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000 PST | 03-15-2000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST | 12-31-2000
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST | 01-01-2001
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT | 09-22-2001
+(16 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE TEMP_TIMESTAMP;
+--
+-- Comparisons between datetime types, especially overflow cases
+---
+SELECT '2202020-10-05'::date::timestamp;  -- fail
+ERROR:  date out of range for timestamp
+SELECT '2202020-10-05'::date > '2020-10-05'::timestamp as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2020-10-05'::timestamp > '2202020-10-05'::date as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2202020-10-05'::date::timestamptz;  -- fail
+ERROR:  date out of range for timestamp
+SELECT '2202020-10-05'::date > '2020-10-05'::timestamptz as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2020-10-05'::timestamptz > '2202020-10-05'::date as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- This conversion may work depending on timezone
+SELECT '4714-11-24 BC'::date::timestamptz;
+           timestamptz           
+---------------------------------
+ Mon Nov 24 00:00:00 4714 PST BC
+(1 row)
+
+SET TimeZone = 'UTC-2';
+SELECT '4714-11-24 BC'::date::timestamptz;  -- fail
+ERROR:  date out of range for timestamp
+SELECT '4714-11-24 BC'::date < '2020-10-05'::timestamptz as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2020-10-05'::timestamptz >= '4714-11-24 BC'::date as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4714-11-24 BC'::timestamp < '2020-10-05'::timestamptz as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2020-10-05'::timestamptz >= '4714-11-24 BC'::timestamp as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+RESET TimeZone;
+--
+-- Tests for BETWEEN
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 between '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Seq Scan on date_tbl
+         Filter: ((f1 >= '01-01-1997'::date) AND (f1 <= '01-01-1998'::date))
+(3 rows)
+
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 between '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 not between '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Seq Scan on date_tbl
+         Filter: ((f1 < '01-01-1997'::date) OR (f1 > '01-01-1998'::date))
+(3 rows)
+
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 not between '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+ count 
+-------
+    13
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 between symmetric '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+                                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                                  
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Seq Scan on date_tbl
+         Filter: (((f1 >= '01-01-1997'::date) AND (f1 <= '01-01-1998'::date)) OR ((f1 >= '01-01-1998'::date) AND (f1 <= '01-01-1997'::date)))
+(3 rows)
+
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 between symmetric '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 not between symmetric '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+                                                               QUERY PLAN                                                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Seq Scan on date_tbl
+         Filter: (((f1 < '01-01-1997'::date) OR (f1 > '01-01-1998'::date)) AND ((f1 < '01-01-1998'::date) OR (f1 > '01-01-1997'::date)))
+(3 rows)
+
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 not between symmetric '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+ count 
+-------
+    13
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Formats
+--
+SET DateStyle TO 'US,Postgres';
+SHOW DateStyle;
+   DateStyle   
+---------------
+ Postgres, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT d1 AS us_postgres FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+         us_postgres         
+-----------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001
+(65 rows)
+
+SET DateStyle TO 'US,ISO';
+SELECT d1 AS us_iso FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+         us_iso         
+------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ 1970-01-01 00:00:00
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:02
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01.4
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01.5
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01.6
+ 1997-01-02 00:00:00
+ 1997-01-02 03:04:05
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-06-10 17:32:01
+ 2001-09-22 18:19:20
+ 2000-03-15 08:14:01
+ 2000-03-15 13:14:02
+ 2000-03-15 12:14:03
+ 2000-03-15 03:14:04
+ 2000-03-15 02:14:05
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:00
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-06-10 18:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-11 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-12 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-13 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-14 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-15 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-16 17:32:01
+ 0097-02-16 17:32:01 BC
+ 0097-02-16 17:32:01
+ 0597-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1097-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1697-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1797-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1897-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-16 17:32:01
+ 2097-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1996-02-28 17:32:01
+ 1996-02-29 17:32:01
+ 1996-03-01 17:32:01
+ 1996-12-30 17:32:01
+ 1996-12-31 17:32:01
+ 1997-01-01 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-28 17:32:01
+ 1997-03-01 17:32:01
+ 1997-12-30 17:32:01
+ 1997-12-31 17:32:01
+ 1999-12-31 17:32:01
+ 2000-01-01 17:32:01
+ 2000-12-31 17:32:01
+ 2001-01-01 17:32:01
+(65 rows)
+
+SET DateStyle TO 'US,SQL';
+SHOW DateStyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ SQL, MDY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT d1 AS us_sql FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+         us_sql         
+------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ 01/01/1970 00:00:00
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:02
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01.4
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01.5
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01.6
+ 01/02/1997 00:00:00
+ 01/02/1997 03:04:05
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 06/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 09/22/2001 18:19:20
+ 03/15/2000 08:14:01
+ 03/15/2000 13:14:02
+ 03/15/2000 12:14:03
+ 03/15/2000 03:14:04
+ 03/15/2000 02:14:05
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:00
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 06/10/1997 18:32:01
+ 02/10/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/11/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/12/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/13/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/14/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/15/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/16/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/16/0097 17:32:01 BC
+ 02/16/0097 17:32:01
+ 02/16/0597 17:32:01
+ 02/16/1097 17:32:01
+ 02/16/1697 17:32:01
+ 02/16/1797 17:32:01
+ 02/16/1897 17:32:01
+ 02/16/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/16/2097 17:32:01
+ 02/28/1996 17:32:01
+ 02/29/1996 17:32:01
+ 03/01/1996 17:32:01
+ 12/30/1996 17:32:01
+ 12/31/1996 17:32:01
+ 01/01/1997 17:32:01
+ 02/28/1997 17:32:01
+ 03/01/1997 17:32:01
+ 12/30/1997 17:32:01
+ 12/31/1997 17:32:01
+ 12/31/1999 17:32:01
+ 01/01/2000 17:32:01
+ 12/31/2000 17:32:01
+ 01/01/2001 17:32:01
+(65 rows)
+
+SET DateStyle TO 'European,Postgres';
+SHOW DateStyle;
+   DateStyle   
+---------------
+ Postgres, DMY
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES('13/06/1957');
+SELECT count(*) as one FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = 'Jun 13 1957';
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT d1 AS european_postgres FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+      european_postgres      
+-----------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ Thu 01 Jan 00:00:00 1970
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:02 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01.4 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01.5 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01.6 1997
+ Thu 02 Jan 00:00:00 1997
+ Thu 02 Jan 03:04:05 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue 10 Jun 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat 22 Sep 18:19:20 2001
+ Wed 15 Mar 08:14:01 2000
+ Wed 15 Mar 13:14:02 2000
+ Wed 15 Mar 12:14:03 2000
+ Wed 15 Mar 03:14:04 2000
+ Wed 15 Mar 02:14:05 2000
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:00 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue 10 Jun 18:32:01 1997
+ Mon 10 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue 11 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed 12 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Thu 13 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri 14 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat 15 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Sun 16 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue 16 Feb 17:32:01 0097 BC
+ Sat 16 Feb 17:32:01 0097
+ Thu 16 Feb 17:32:01 0597
+ Tue 16 Feb 17:32:01 1097
+ Sat 16 Feb 17:32:01 1697
+ Thu 16 Feb 17:32:01 1797
+ Tue 16 Feb 17:32:01 1897
+ Sun 16 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat 16 Feb 17:32:01 2097
+ Wed 28 Feb 17:32:01 1996
+ Thu 29 Feb 17:32:01 1996
+ Fri 01 Mar 17:32:01 1996
+ Mon 30 Dec 17:32:01 1996
+ Tue 31 Dec 17:32:01 1996
+ Wed 01 Jan 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri 28 Feb 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat 01 Mar 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue 30 Dec 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed 31 Dec 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri 31 Dec 17:32:01 1999
+ Sat 01 Jan 17:32:01 2000
+ Sun 31 Dec 17:32:01 2000
+ Mon 01 Jan 17:32:01 2001
+ Thu 13 Jun 00:00:00 1957
+(66 rows)
+
+SET DateStyle TO 'European,ISO';
+SHOW DateStyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ ISO, DMY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT d1 AS european_iso FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+      european_iso      
+------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ 1970-01-01 00:00:00
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:02
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01.4
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01.5
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01.6
+ 1997-01-02 00:00:00
+ 1997-01-02 03:04:05
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-06-10 17:32:01
+ 2001-09-22 18:19:20
+ 2000-03-15 08:14:01
+ 2000-03-15 13:14:02
+ 2000-03-15 12:14:03
+ 2000-03-15 03:14:04
+ 2000-03-15 02:14:05
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:00
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-06-10 18:32:01
+ 1997-02-10 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-11 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-12 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-13 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-14 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-15 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-16 17:32:01
+ 0097-02-16 17:32:01 BC
+ 0097-02-16 17:32:01
+ 0597-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1097-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1697-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1797-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1897-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-16 17:32:01
+ 2097-02-16 17:32:01
+ 1996-02-28 17:32:01
+ 1996-02-29 17:32:01
+ 1996-03-01 17:32:01
+ 1996-12-30 17:32:01
+ 1996-12-31 17:32:01
+ 1997-01-01 17:32:01
+ 1997-02-28 17:32:01
+ 1997-03-01 17:32:01
+ 1997-12-30 17:32:01
+ 1997-12-31 17:32:01
+ 1999-12-31 17:32:01
+ 2000-01-01 17:32:01
+ 2000-12-31 17:32:01
+ 2001-01-01 17:32:01
+ 1957-06-13 00:00:00
+(66 rows)
+
+SET DateStyle TO 'European,SQL';
+SHOW DateStyle;
+ DateStyle 
+-----------
+ SQL, DMY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT d1 AS european_sql FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+      european_sql      
+------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ 01/01/1970 00:00:00
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:02
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01.4
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01.5
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01.6
+ 02/01/1997 00:00:00
+ 02/01/1997 03:04:05
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/06/1997 17:32:01
+ 22/09/2001 18:19:20
+ 15/03/2000 08:14:01
+ 15/03/2000 13:14:02
+ 15/03/2000 12:14:03
+ 15/03/2000 03:14:04
+ 15/03/2000 02:14:05
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:00
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 10/06/1997 18:32:01
+ 10/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 11/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 12/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 13/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 14/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 15/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 16/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 16/02/0097 17:32:01 BC
+ 16/02/0097 17:32:01
+ 16/02/0597 17:32:01
+ 16/02/1097 17:32:01
+ 16/02/1697 17:32:01
+ 16/02/1797 17:32:01
+ 16/02/1897 17:32:01
+ 16/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 16/02/2097 17:32:01
+ 28/02/1996 17:32:01
+ 29/02/1996 17:32:01
+ 01/03/1996 17:32:01
+ 30/12/1996 17:32:01
+ 31/12/1996 17:32:01
+ 01/01/1997 17:32:01
+ 28/02/1997 17:32:01
+ 01/03/1997 17:32:01
+ 30/12/1997 17:32:01
+ 31/12/1997 17:32:01
+ 31/12/1999 17:32:01
+ 01/01/2000 17:32:01
+ 31/12/2000 17:32:01
+ 01/01/2001 17:32:01
+ 13/06/1957 00:00:00
+(66 rows)
+
+RESET DateStyle;
+--
+-- to_timestamp()
+--
+SELECT to_timestamp('0097/Feb/16 --> 08:14:30', 'YYYY/Mon/DD --> HH:MI:SS');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Feb 16 08:14:30 0097 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('97/2/16 8:14:30', 'FMYYYY/FMMM/FMDD FMHH:FMMI:FMSS');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Feb 16 08:14:30 0097 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011$03!18 23_38_15', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Fri Mar 18 23:38:15 2011 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1985 January 12', 'YYYY FMMonth DD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 12 00:00:00 1985 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1985 FMMonth 12', 'YYYY "FMMonth" DD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 12 00:00:00 1985 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1985 \ 12', 'YYYY \\ DD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 12 00:00:00 1985 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('My birthday-> Year: 1976, Month: May, Day: 16',
+                    '"My birthday-> Year:" YYYY, "Month:" FMMonth, "Day:" DD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun May 16 00:00:00 1976 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1,582nd VIII 21', 'Y,YYYth FMRM DD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Aug 21 00:00:00 1582 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('15 "text between quote marks" 98 54 45',
+                    E'HH24 "\\"text between quote marks\\"" YY MI SS');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jan 01 15:54:45 1998 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05121445482000', 'MMDDHH24MISSYYYY');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Fri May 12 14:45:48 2000 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000January09Sunday', 'YYYYFMMonthDDFMDay');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Jan 09 00:00:00 2000 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('97/Feb/16', 'YYMonDD');
+ERROR:  invalid value "/Feb/16" for "Mon"
+DETAIL:  The given value did not match any of the allowed values for this field.
+SELECT to_timestamp('97/Feb/16', 'YY:Mon:DD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Feb 16 00:00:00 1997 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('97/Feb/16', 'FXYY:Mon:DD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Feb 16 00:00:00 1997 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('97/Feb/16', 'FXYY/Mon/DD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Feb 16 00:00:00 1997 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('19971116', 'YYYYMMDD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Nov 16 00:00:00 1997 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('20000-1116', 'YYYY-MMDD');
+         to_timestamp          
+-------------------------------
+ Thu Nov 16 00:00:00 20000 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1997 AD 11 16', 'YYYY BC MM DD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Nov 16 00:00:00 1997 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1997 BC 11 16', 'YYYY BC MM DD');
+          to_timestamp           
+---------------------------------
+ Tue Nov 16 00:00:00 1997 PST BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1997 A.D. 11 16', 'YYYY B.C. MM DD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Nov 16 00:00:00 1997 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1997 B.C. 11 16', 'YYYY B.C. MM DD');
+          to_timestamp           
+---------------------------------
+ Tue Nov 16 00:00:00 1997 PST BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('9-1116', 'Y-MMDD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Mon Nov 16 00:00:00 2009 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('95-1116', 'YY-MMDD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Nov 16 00:00:00 1995 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('995-1116', 'YYY-MMDD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Nov 16 00:00:00 1995 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005426', 'YYYYWWD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 15 00:00:00 2005 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005300', 'YYYYDDD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Oct 27 00:00:00 2005 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005527', 'IYYYIWID');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 2006 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('005527', 'IYYIWID');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 2006 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05527', 'IYIWID');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 2006 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('5527', 'IIWID');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 2006 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005364', 'IYYYIDDD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 2006 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('20050302', 'YYYYMMDD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Wed Mar 02 00:00:00 2005 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005 03 02', 'YYYYMMDD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Wed Mar 02 00:00:00 2005 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp(' 2005 03 02', 'YYYYMMDD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Wed Mar 02 00:00:00 2005 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('  20050302', 'YYYYMMDD');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Wed Mar 02 00:00:00 2005 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 AM', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI PM');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 11:38:00 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 PM', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI PM');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 23:38:00 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 A.M.', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI P.M.');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 11:38:00 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 P.M.', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI P.M.');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 23:38:00 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 +05',    'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZH');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Dec 17 22:38:00 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 -05',    'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZH');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 08:38:00 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 +05:20', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZH:TZM');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Dec 17 22:18:00 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 -05:20', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZH:TZM');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 08:58:00 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 20',     'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZM');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 03:18:00 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 PST', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZ');  -- NYI
+ERROR:  formatting field "TZ" is only supported in to_char
+SELECT to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.025', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.MS');
+           to_timestamp           
+----------------------------------
+ Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.025 2018 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+ i |         to_timestamp         
+---+------------------------------
+ 1 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56 2018 PDT
+ 2 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56 2018 PDT
+ 3 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56 2018 PDT
+ 4 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56 2018 PDT
+ 5 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56 2018 PDT
+ 6 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56 2018 PDT
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.1', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+ i |          to_timestamp          
+---+--------------------------------
+ 1 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1 2018 PDT
+ 2 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1 2018 PDT
+ 3 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1 2018 PDT
+ 4 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1 2018 PDT
+ 5 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1 2018 PDT
+ 6 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1 2018 PDT
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.12', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+ i |          to_timestamp           
+---+---------------------------------
+ 1 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1 2018 PDT
+ 2 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12 2018 PDT
+ 3 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12 2018 PDT
+ 4 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12 2018 PDT
+ 5 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12 2018 PDT
+ 6 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12 2018 PDT
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.123', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+ i |           to_timestamp           
+---+----------------------------------
+ 1 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1 2018 PDT
+ 2 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12 2018 PDT
+ 3 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.123 2018 PDT
+ 4 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.123 2018 PDT
+ 5 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.123 2018 PDT
+ 6 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.123 2018 PDT
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.1234', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+ i |           to_timestamp            
+---+-----------------------------------
+ 1 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1 2018 PDT
+ 2 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12 2018 PDT
+ 3 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.123 2018 PDT
+ 4 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1234 2018 PDT
+ 5 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1234 2018 PDT
+ 6 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1234 2018 PDT
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.12345', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+ i |            to_timestamp            
+---+------------------------------------
+ 1 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1 2018 PDT
+ 2 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12 2018 PDT
+ 3 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.123 2018 PDT
+ 4 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1235 2018 PDT
+ 5 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12345 2018 PDT
+ 6 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12345 2018 PDT
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.123456', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+ i |            to_timestamp             
+---+-------------------------------------
+ 1 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1 2018 PDT
+ 2 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12 2018 PDT
+ 3 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.123 2018 PDT
+ 4 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.1235 2018 PDT
+ 5 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.12346 2018 PDT
+ 6 | Fri Nov 02 12:34:56.123456 2018 PDT
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.123456789', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2018-11-02 12:34:56.123456789"
+SELECT to_date('1 4 1902', 'Q MM YYYY');  -- Q is ignored
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 04-01-1902
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('3 4 21 01', 'W MM CC YY');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 04-15-2001
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2458872', 'J');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 01-23-2020
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check handling of BC dates
+--
+SELECT to_date('44-02-01 BC','YYYY-MM-DD BC');
+    to_date    
+---------------
+ 02-01-0044 BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('-44-02-01','YYYY-MM-DD');
+    to_date    
+---------------
+ 02-01-0044 BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('-44-02-01 BC','YYYY-MM-DD BC');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 02-01-0044
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('44-02-01 11:12:13 BC','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS BC');
+          to_timestamp           
+---------------------------------
+ Fri Feb 01 11:12:13 0044 PST BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('-44-02-01 11:12:13','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+          to_timestamp           
+---------------------------------
+ Fri Feb 01 11:12:13 0044 PST BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('-44-02-01 11:12:13 BC','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS BC');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Mon Feb 01 11:12:13 0044 PST
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check handling of multiple spaces in format and/or input
+--
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD  HH24:MI:SS');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 23:38:15 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18  23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD  HH24:MI:SS');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 23:38:15 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18   23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD  HH24:MI:SS');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 23:38:15 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18  23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 23:38:15 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18  23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD  HH24:MI:SS');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 23:38:15 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18  23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD   HH24:MI:SS');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 18 23:38:15 2011 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000+   JUN', 'YYYY/MON');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 2000 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('  2000 +JUN', 'YYYY/MON');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 2000 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp(' 2000 +JUN', 'YYYY//MON');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 2000 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000  +JUN', 'YYYY//MON');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 2000 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 + JUN', 'YYYY MON');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 2000 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 ++ JUN', 'YYYY  MON');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 2000 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 + + JUN', 'YYYY  MON');
+ERROR:  invalid value "+" for "MON"
+DETAIL:  The given value did not match any of the allowed values for this field.
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 + + JUN', 'YYYY   MON');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 2000 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 -10', 'YYYY TZH');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 02:00:00 2000 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 -10', 'YYYY  TZH');
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Fri Dec 31 06:00:00 1999 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2011 12  18', 'YYYY MM DD');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 12-18-2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2011 12  18', 'YYYY MM  DD');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 12-18-2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2011 12  18', 'YYYY MM   DD');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 12-18-2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2011 12 18', 'YYYY  MM DD');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 12-18-2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2011  12 18', 'YYYY  MM DD');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 12-18-2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2011   12 18', 'YYYY  MM DD');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 12-18-2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2011 12 18', 'YYYYxMMxDD');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 12-18-2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2011x 12x 18', 'YYYYxMMxDD');
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 12-18-2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2011 x12 x18', 'YYYYxMMxDD');
+ERROR:  invalid value "x1" for "MM"
+DETAIL:  Value must be an integer.
+--
+-- Check errors for some incorrect usages of to_timestamp() and to_date()
+--
+-- Mixture of date conventions (ISO week and Gregorian):
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005527', 'YYYYIWID');
+ERROR:  invalid combination of date conventions
+HINT:  Do not mix Gregorian and ISO week date conventions in a formatting template.
+-- Insufficient characters in the source string:
+SELECT to_timestamp('19971', 'YYYYMMDD');
+ERROR:  source string too short for "MM" formatting field
+DETAIL:  Field requires 2 characters, but only 1 remain.
+HINT:  If your source string is not fixed-width, try using the "FM" modifier.
+-- Insufficient digit characters for a single node:
+SELECT to_timestamp('19971)24', 'YYYYMMDD');
+ERROR:  invalid value "1)" for "MM"
+DETAIL:  Field requires 2 characters, but only 1 could be parsed.
+HINT:  If your source string is not fixed-width, try using the "FM" modifier.
+-- We don't accept full-length day or month names if short form is specified:
+SELECT to_timestamp('Friday 1-January-1999', 'DY DD MON YYYY');
+ERROR:  invalid value "da" for "DD"
+DETAIL:  Value must be an integer.
+SELECT to_timestamp('Fri 1-January-1999', 'DY DD MON YYYY');
+ERROR:  invalid value "uary" for "YYYY"
+DETAIL:  Value must be an integer.
+SELECT to_timestamp('Fri 1-Jan-1999', 'DY DD MON YYYY');  -- ok
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 1999 PST
+(1 row)
+
+-- Value clobbering:
+SELECT to_timestamp('1997-11-Jan-16', 'YYYY-MM-Mon-DD');
+ERROR:  conflicting values for "Mon" field in formatting string
+DETAIL:  This value contradicts a previous setting for the same field type.
+-- Non-numeric input:
+SELECT to_timestamp('199711xy', 'YYYYMMDD');
+ERROR:  invalid value "xy" for "DD"
+DETAIL:  Value must be an integer.
+-- Input that doesn't fit in an int:
+SELECT to_timestamp('10000000000', 'FMYYYY');
+ERROR:  value for "YYYY" in source string is out of range
+DETAIL:  Value must be in the range -2147483648 to 2147483647.
+-- Out-of-range and not-quite-out-of-range fields:
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-06-13 25:00:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2016-06-13 25:00:00"
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-06-13 15:60:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2016-06-13 15:60:00"
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-06-13 15:50:60', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2016-06-13 15:50:60"
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-06-13 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');  -- ok
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Mon Jun 13 15:50:55 2016 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-06-13 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS');
+ERROR:  hour "15" is invalid for the 12-hour clock
+HINT:  Use the 24-hour clock, or give an hour between 1 and 12.
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-13-01 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2016-13-01 15:50:55"
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-02-30 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2016-02-30 15:50:55"
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-02-29 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');  -- ok
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Mon Feb 29 15:50:55 2016 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2015-02-29 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2015-02-29 15:50:55"
+SELECT to_timestamp('2015-02-11 86000', 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSS');  -- ok
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Wed Feb 11 23:53:20 2015 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2015-02-11 86400', 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSS');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2015-02-11 86400"
+SELECT to_timestamp('2015-02-11 86000', 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSSS');  -- ok
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Wed Feb 11 23:53:20 2015 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2015-02-11 86400', 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSSS');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2015-02-11 86400"
+SELECT to_date('2016-13-10', 'YYYY-MM-DD');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2016-13-10"
+SELECT to_date('2016-02-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2016-02-30"
+SELECT to_date('2016-02-29', 'YYYY-MM-DD');  -- ok
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 02-29-2016
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2015-02-29', 'YYYY-MM-DD');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2015-02-29"
+SELECT to_date('2015 365', 'YYYY DDD');  -- ok
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 12-31-2015
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2015 366', 'YYYY DDD');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2015 366"
+SELECT to_date('2016 365', 'YYYY DDD');  -- ok
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 12-30-2016
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2016 366', 'YYYY DDD');  -- ok
+  to_date   
+------------
+ 12-31-2016
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_date('2016 367', 'YYYY DDD');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "2016 367"
+SELECT to_date('0000-02-01','YYYY-MM-DD');  -- allowed, though it shouldn't be
+    to_date    
+---------------
+ 02-01-0001 BC
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check behavior with SQL-style fixed-GMT-offset time zone (cf bug #8572)
+--
+SET TIME ZONE 'America/New_York';
+SET TIME ZONE '-1.5';
+SHOW TIME ZONE;
+    TimeZone    
+----------------
+ <-01:30>+01:30
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2012-12-12 12:00'::timestamptz;
+           timestamptz           
+---------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 12 12:00:00 2012 -01:30
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2012-12-12 12:00 America/New_York'::timestamptz;
+           timestamptz           
+---------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 12 15:30:00 2012 -01:30
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('2012-12-12 12:00'::timestamptz, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TZ');
+          to_char           
+----------------------------
+ 2012-12-12 12:00:00 -01:30
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('2012-12-12 12:00'::timestamptz, 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSS');
+     to_char      
+------------------
+ 2012-12-12 43200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('2012-12-12 12:00'::timestamptz, 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSSS');
+     to_char      
+------------------
+ 2012-12-12 43200
+(1 row)
+
+RESET TIME ZONE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/identity.out b/src/test/regress/expected/identity.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f03d8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/identity.out
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+-- sanity check of system catalog
+SELECT attrelid, attname, attidentity FROM pg_attribute WHERE attidentity NOT IN ('', 'a', 'd');
+ attrelid | attname | attidentity 
+----------+---------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE itest1 (a int generated by default as identity, b text);
+CREATE TABLE itest2 (a bigint generated always as identity, b text);
+CREATE TABLE itest3 (a smallint generated by default as identity (start with 7 increment by 5), b text);
+ALTER TABLE itest3 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- error
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "itest3" is already an identity column
+SELECT table_name, column_name, column_default, is_nullable, is_identity, identity_generation, identity_start, identity_increment, identity_maximum, identity_minimum, identity_cycle FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'itest_' ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ table_name | column_name | column_default | is_nullable | is_identity | identity_generation | identity_start | identity_increment |  identity_maximum   | identity_minimum | identity_cycle 
+------------+-------------+----------------+-------------+-------------+---------------------+----------------+--------------------+---------------------+------------------+----------------
+ itest1     | a           |                | NO          | YES         | BY DEFAULT          | 1              | 1                  | 2147483647          | 1                | NO
+ itest1     | b           |                | YES         | NO          |                     |                |                    |                     |                  | NO
+ itest2     | a           |                | NO          | YES         | ALWAYS              | 1              | 1                  | 9223372036854775807 | 1                | NO
+ itest2     | b           |                | YES         | NO          |                     |                |                    |                     |                  | NO
+ itest3     | a           |                | NO          | YES         | BY DEFAULT          | 7              | 5                  | 32767               | 1                | NO
+ itest3     | b           |                | YES         | NO          |                     |                |                    |                     |                  | NO
+(6 rows)
+
+-- internal sequences should not be shown here
+SELECT sequence_name FROM information_schema.sequences WHERE sequence_name LIKE 'itest%';
+ sequence_name 
+---------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence('itest1', 'a');
+ pg_get_serial_sequence 
+------------------------
+ public.itest1_a_seq
+(1 row)
+
+\d itest1_a_seq
+                    Sequence "public.itest1_a_seq"
+  Type   | Start | Minimum |  Maximum   | Increment | Cycles? | Cache 
+---------+-------+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------
+ integer |     1 |       1 | 2147483647 |         1 | no      |     1
+Sequence for identity column: public.itest1.a
+
+CREATE TABLE itest4 (a int, b text);
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- error, requires NOT NULL
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "itest4" must be declared NOT NULL before identity can be added
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- ok
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP NOT NULL;  -- error, disallowed
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "itest4" is an identity column
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- error, already set
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "itest4" is already an identity column
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN b ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- error, wrong data type
+ERROR:  identity column type must be smallint, integer, or bigint
+-- for later
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN b SET DEFAULT '';
+-- invalid column type
+CREATE TABLE itest_err_1 (a text generated by default as identity);
+ERROR:  identity column type must be smallint, integer, or bigint
+-- duplicate identity
+CREATE TABLE itest_err_2 (a int generated always as identity generated by default as identity);
+ERROR:  multiple identity specifications for column "a" of table "itest_err_2"
+LINE 1: ...E itest_err_2 (a int generated always as identity generated ...
+                                                             ^
+-- cannot have default and identity
+CREATE TABLE itest_err_3 (a int default 5 generated by default as identity);
+ERROR:  both default and identity specified for column "a" of table "itest_err_3"
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE itest_err_3 (a int default 5 generated by defau...
+                                                  ^
+-- cannot combine serial and identity
+CREATE TABLE itest_err_4 (a serial generated by default as identity);
+ERROR:  both default and identity specified for column "a" of table "itest_err_4"
+INSERT INTO itest1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itest1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 
+ 2 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM itest2;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 
+ 2 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM itest3;
+ a  | b 
+----+---
+  7 | 
+ 12 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM itest4;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 
+ 2 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+-- VALUES RTEs
+CREATE TABLE itest5 (a int generated always as identity, b text);
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (1, 'a');  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "a"
+DETAIL:  Column "a" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.
+HINT:  Use OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (DEFAULT, 'a');  -- ok
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (2, 'b'), (3, 'c');  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "a"
+DETAIL:  Column "a" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.
+HINT:  Use OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (DEFAULT, 'b'), (3, 'c');  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "a"
+DETAIL:  Column "a" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.
+HINT:  Use OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (2, 'b'), (DEFAULT, 'c');  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "a"
+DETAIL:  Column "a" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.
+HINT:  Use OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (DEFAULT, 'b'), (DEFAULT, 'c');  -- ok
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (-1, 'aa');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (-2, 'bb'), (-3, 'cc');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (DEFAULT, 'dd'), (-4, 'ee');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (-5, 'ff'), (DEFAULT, 'gg');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (DEFAULT, 'hh'), (DEFAULT, 'ii');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (-1, 'aaa');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (-2, 'bbb'), (-3, 'ccc');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (DEFAULT, 'ddd'), (-4, 'eee');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (-5, 'fff'), (DEFAULT, 'ggg');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (DEFAULT, 'hhh'), (DEFAULT, 'iii');
+SELECT * FROM itest5;
+ a  |  b  
+----+-----
+  1 | a
+  2 | b
+  3 | c
+ -1 | aa
+ -2 | bb
+ -3 | cc
+  4 | dd
+ -4 | ee
+ -5 | ff
+  5 | gg
+  6 | hh
+  7 | ii
+  8 | aaa
+  9 | bbb
+ 10 | ccc
+ 11 | ddd
+ 12 | eee
+ 13 | fff
+ 14 | ggg
+ 15 | hhh
+ 16 | iii
+(21 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE itest5;
+INSERT INTO itest3 VALUES (DEFAULT, 'a');
+INSERT INTO itest3 VALUES (DEFAULT, 'b'), (DEFAULT, 'c');
+SELECT * FROM itest3;
+ a  | b 
+----+---
+  7 | 
+ 12 | 
+ 17 | a
+ 22 | b
+ 27 | c
+(5 rows)
+
+-- OVERRIDING tests
+-- GENERATED BY DEFAULT
+-- This inserts the row as presented:
+INSERT INTO itest1 VALUES (10, 'xyz');
+-- With GENERATED BY DEFAULT, OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE is not allowed
+-- by the standard, but we allow it as a no-op, since it is of use if
+-- there are multiple identity columns in a table, which is also an
+-- extension.
+INSERT INTO itest1 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (20, 'xyz');
+-- This ignores the 30 and uses the sequence value instead:
+INSERT INTO itest1 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (30, 'xyz');
+SELECT * FROM itest1;
+ a  |  b  
+----+-----
+  1 | 
+  2 | 
+ 10 | xyz
+ 20 | xyz
+  3 | xyz
+(5 rows)
+
+-- GENERATED ALWAYS
+-- This is an error:
+INSERT INTO itest2 VALUES (10, 'xyz');
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "a"
+DETAIL:  Column "a" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.
+HINT:  Use OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.
+-- This inserts the row as presented:
+INSERT INTO itest2 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (20, 'xyz');
+-- This ignores the 30 and uses the sequence value instead:
+INSERT INTO itest2 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (30, 'xyz');
+SELECT * FROM itest2;
+ a  |  b  
+----+-----
+  1 | 
+  2 | 
+ 20 | xyz
+  3 | xyz
+(4 rows)
+
+-- UPDATE tests
+-- GENERATED BY DEFAULT is not restricted.
+UPDATE itest1 SET a = 101 WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE itest1 SET a = DEFAULT WHERE a = 2;
+SELECT * FROM itest1;
+  a  |  b  
+-----+-----
+  10 | xyz
+  20 | xyz
+   3 | xyz
+ 101 | 
+   4 | 
+(5 rows)
+
+-- GENERATED ALWAYS allows only DEFAULT.
+UPDATE itest2 SET a = 101 WHERE a = 1;  -- error
+ERROR:  column "a" can only be updated to DEFAULT
+DETAIL:  Column "a" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.
+UPDATE itest2 SET a = DEFAULT WHERE a = 2;  -- ok
+SELECT * FROM itest2;
+ a  |  b  
+----+-----
+  1 | 
+ 20 | xyz
+  3 | xyz
+  4 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+-- COPY tests
+CREATE TABLE itest9 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text, c bigint);
+COPY itest9 FROM stdin;
+COPY itest9 (b, c) FROM stdin;
+SELECT * FROM itest9 ORDER BY c;
+  a  |  b   |  c  
+-----+------+-----
+ 100 | foo  | 200
+ 101 | bar  | 201
+   1 | foo2 | 202
+   2 | bar2 | 203
+(4 rows)
+
+-- DROP IDENTITY tests
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY;
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY;  -- error
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "itest4" is not an identity column
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY IF EXISTS;  -- noop
+NOTICE:  column "a" of relation "itest4" is not an identity column, skipping
+INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES;  -- fails because NOT NULL is not dropped
+ERROR:  null value in column "a" of relation "itest4" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, ).
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP NOT NULL;
+INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itest4;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 
+ 2 | 
+   | 
+(3 rows)
+
+-- check that sequence is removed
+SELECT sequence_name FROM itest4_a_seq;
+ERROR:  relation "itest4_a_seq" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT sequence_name FROM itest4_a_seq;
+                                  ^
+-- test views
+CREATE TABLE itest10 (a int generated by default as identity, b text);
+CREATE TABLE itest11 (a int generated always as identity, b text);
+CREATE VIEW itestv10 AS SELECT * FROM itest10;
+CREATE VIEW itestv11 AS SELECT * FROM itest11;
+INSERT INTO itestv10 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itestv10 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itestv11 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itestv11 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itestv10;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 
+ 2 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM itestv11;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 
+ 2 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO itestv10 VALUES (10, 'xyz');
+INSERT INTO itestv10 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (11, 'xyz');
+SELECT * FROM itestv10;
+ a  |  b  
+----+-----
+  1 | 
+  2 | 
+ 10 | xyz
+  3 | xyz
+(4 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO itestv11 VALUES (10, 'xyz');
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "a"
+DETAIL:  Column "a" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.
+HINT:  Use OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.
+INSERT INTO itestv11 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (11, 'xyz');
+SELECT * FROM itestv11;
+ a  |  b  
+----+-----
+  1 | 
+  2 | 
+ 11 | xyz
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW itestv10, itestv11;
+-- ADD COLUMN
+CREATE TABLE itest13 (a int);
+-- add column to empty table
+ALTER TABLE itest13 ADD COLUMN b int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY;
+INSERT INTO itest13 VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+-- add column to populated table
+ALTER TABLE itest13 ADD COLUMN c int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY;
+SELECT * FROM itest13;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | 1
+ 2 | 2 | 2
+ 3 | 3 | 3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- various ALTER COLUMN tests
+-- fail, not allowed for identity columns
+ALTER TABLE itest1 ALTER COLUMN a SET DEFAULT 1;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "itest1" is an identity column
+-- fail, not allowed, already has a default
+CREATE TABLE itest5 (a serial, b text);
+ALTER TABLE itest5 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "itest5" already has a default value
+ALTER TABLE itest3 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE int;
+SELECT seqtypid::regtype FROM pg_sequence WHERE seqrelid = 'itest3_a_seq'::regclass;
+ seqtypid 
+----------
+ integer
+(1 row)
+
+\d itest3
+                           Table "public.itest3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |             Default              
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+----------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | generated by default as identity
+ b      | text    |           |          | 
+
+ALTER TABLE itest3 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE text;  -- error
+ERROR:  identity column type must be smallint, integer, or bigint
+-- kinda silly to change property in the same command, but it should work
+ALTER TABLE itest3
+  ADD COLUMN c int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY,
+  ALTER COLUMN c SET GENERATED ALWAYS;
+\d itest3
+                           Table "public.itest3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |             Default              
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+----------------------------------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | generated by default as identity
+ b      | text    |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           | not null | generated always as identity
+
+-- ALTER COLUMN ... SET
+CREATE TABLE itest6 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text);
+INSERT INTO itest6 DEFAULT VALUES;
+ALTER TABLE itest6 ALTER COLUMN a SET GENERATED BY DEFAULT SET INCREMENT BY 2 SET START WITH 100 RESTART;
+INSERT INTO itest6 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest6 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itest6;
+  a  | b 
+-----+---
+   1 | 
+ 100 | 
+ 102 | 
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_identity, identity_generation FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'itest6' ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ table_name | column_name | is_identity | identity_generation 
+------------+-------------+-------------+---------------------
+ itest6     | a           | YES         | BY DEFAULT
+ itest6     | b           | NO          | 
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE itest6 ALTER COLUMN b SET INCREMENT BY 2;  -- fail, not identity
+ERROR:  column "b" of relation "itest6" is not an identity column
+-- prohibited direct modification of sequence
+ALTER SEQUENCE itest6_a_seq OWNED BY NONE;
+ERROR:  cannot change ownership of identity sequence
+DETAIL:  Sequence "itest6_a_seq" is linked to table "itest6".
+-- inheritance
+CREATE TABLE itest7 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY);
+INSERT INTO itest7 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itest7;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- identity property is not inherited
+CREATE TABLE itest7a (b text) INHERITS (itest7);
+-- make column identity in child table
+CREATE TABLE itest7b (a int);
+CREATE TABLE itest7c (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY) INHERITS (itest7b);
+NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
+INSERT INTO itest7c DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itest7c;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE itest7d (a int not null);
+CREATE TABLE itest7e () INHERITS (itest7d);
+ALTER TABLE itest7d ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
+ALTER TABLE itest7d ADD COLUMN b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot recursively add identity column to table that has child tables
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_nullable, is_identity, identity_generation FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'itest7%' ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ table_name | column_name | is_nullable | is_identity | identity_generation 
+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------------------
+ itest7     | a           | NO          | YES         | ALWAYS
+ itest7a    | a           | NO          | NO          | 
+ itest7a    | b           | YES         | NO          | 
+ itest7b    | a           | YES         | NO          | 
+ itest7c    | a           | NO          | YES         | ALWAYS
+ itest7d    | a           | NO          | YES         | ALWAYS
+ itest7e    | a           | NO          | NO          | 
+(7 rows)
+
+-- These ALTER TABLE variants will not recurse.
+ALTER TABLE itest7 ALTER COLUMN a SET GENERATED BY DEFAULT;
+ALTER TABLE itest7 ALTER COLUMN a RESTART;
+ALTER TABLE itest7 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY;
+-- privileges
+CREATE USER regress_identity_user1;
+CREATE TABLE itest8 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text);
+GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON itest8 TO regress_identity_user1;
+SET ROLE regress_identity_user1;
+INSERT INTO itest8 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itest8;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 
+(1 row)
+
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP TABLE itest8;
+DROP USER regress_identity_user1;
+-- multiple steps in ALTER TABLE
+CREATE TABLE itest8 (f1 int);
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ADD COLUMN f2 int NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN f2 ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ADD COLUMN f3 int NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN f3 ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
+  ALTER COLUMN f3 SET GENERATED BY DEFAULT SET INCREMENT 10;
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ADD COLUMN f4 int;
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ALTER COLUMN f4 SET NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN f4 ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
+  ALTER COLUMN f4 SET DATA TYPE bigint;
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ADD COLUMN f5 int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ALTER COLUMN f5 DROP IDENTITY,
+  ALTER COLUMN f5 DROP NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN f5 SET DATA TYPE bigint;
+INSERT INTO itest8 VALUES(0), (1);
+-- This does not work when the table isn't empty.  That's intentional,
+-- since ADD GENERATED should only affect later insertions:
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ADD COLUMN f22 int NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN f22 ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
+ERROR:  column "f22" of relation "itest8" contains null values
+TABLE itest8;
+ f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 
+----+----+----+----+----
+  0 |  1 |  1 |  1 |   
+  1 |  2 | 11 |  2 |   
+(2 rows)
+
+\d+ itest8
+                                               Table "public.itest8"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |             Default              | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+----------------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |                                  | plain   |              | 
+ f2     | integer |           | not null | generated always as identity     | plain   |              | 
+ f3     | integer |           | not null | generated by default as identity | plain   |              | 
+ f4     | bigint  |           | not null | generated always as identity     | plain   |              | 
+ f5     | bigint  |           |          |                                  | plain   |              | 
+
+\d itest8_f2_seq
+                   Sequence "public.itest8_f2_seq"
+  Type   | Start | Minimum |  Maximum   | Increment | Cycles? | Cache 
+---------+-------+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------
+ integer |     1 |       1 | 2147483647 |         1 | no      |     1
+Sequence for identity column: public.itest8.f2
+
+\d itest8_f3_seq
+                   Sequence "public.itest8_f3_seq"
+  Type   | Start | Minimum |  Maximum   | Increment | Cycles? | Cache 
+---------+-------+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------
+ integer |     1 |       1 | 2147483647 |        10 | no      |     1
+Sequence for identity column: public.itest8.f3
+
+\d itest8_f4_seq
+                       Sequence "public.itest8_f4_seq"
+  Type  | Start | Minimum |       Maximum       | Increment | Cycles? | Cache 
+--------+-------+---------+---------------------+-----------+---------+-------
+ bigint |     1 |       1 | 9223372036854775807 |         1 | no      |     1
+Sequence for identity column: public.itest8.f4
+
+\d itest8_f5_seq
+DROP TABLE itest8;
+-- typed tables (currently not supported)
+CREATE TYPE itest_type AS (f1 integer, f2 text, f3 bigint);
+CREATE TABLE itest12 OF itest_type (f1 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY); -- error
+ERROR:  identity columns are not supported on typed tables
+DROP TYPE itest_type CASCADE;
+-- table partitions (currently not supported)
+CREATE TABLE itest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 text, f3 bigint) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1);
+CREATE TABLE itest_child PARTITION OF itest_parent (
+    f3 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY
+) FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01'); -- error
+ERROR:  identity columns are not supported on partitions
+DROP TABLE itest_parent;
+-- test that sequence of half-dropped serial column is properly ignored
+CREATE TABLE itest14 (id serial);
+ALTER TABLE itest14 ALTER id DROP DEFAULT;
+ALTER TABLE itest14 ALTER id ADD GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY;
+INSERT INTO itest14 (id) VALUES (DEFAULT);
+-- Identity columns must be NOT NULL (cf bug #16913)
+CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY NULL); -- fail
+ERROR:  conflicting NULL/NOT NULL declarations for column "id" of table "itest15"
+LINE 1: ...ABLE itest15 (id integer GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY NULL);
+                                                                 ^
+CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY); -- fail
+ERROR:  conflicting NULL/NOT NULL declarations for column "id" of table "itest15"
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS ID...
+                                              ^
+CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY NOT NULL);
+DROP TABLE itest15;
+CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer NOT NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY);
+DROP TABLE itest15;
+-- MERGE tests
+CREATE TABLE itest15 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text);
+CREATE TABLE itest16 (a int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY, b text);
+MERGE INTO itest15 t
+USING (SELECT 10 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "a"
+DETAIL:  Column "a" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.
+HINT:  Use OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.
+-- Used to fail, but now it works and ignores the user supplied value
+MERGE INTO itest15 t
+USING (SELECT 20 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+MERGE INTO itest15 t
+USING (SELECT 30 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+MERGE INTO itest16 t
+USING (SELECT 10 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+MERGE INTO itest16 t
+USING (SELECT 20 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+MERGE INTO itest16 t
+USING (SELECT 30 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+SELECT * FROM itest15;
+ a  |         b         
+----+-------------------
+  1 | inserted by merge
+ 30 | inserted by merge
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM itest16;
+ a  |         b         
+----+-------------------
+ 10 | inserted by merge
+  1 | inserted by merge
+ 30 | inserted by merge
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE itest15;
+DROP TABLE itest16;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/incremental_sort.out b/src/test/regress/expected/incremental_sort.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a63112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/incremental_sort.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1674 @@
+-- When we have to sort the entire table, incremental sort will
+-- be slower than plain sort, so it should not be used.
+explain (costs off)
+select * from (select * from tenk1 order by four) t order by four, ten;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: tenk1.four, tenk1.ten
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: tenk1.four
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+(5 rows)
+
+-- When there is a LIMIT clause, incremental sort is beneficial because
+-- it only has to sort some of the groups, and not the entire table.
+explain (costs off)
+select * from (select * from tenk1 order by four) t order by four, ten
+limit 1;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: tenk1.four, tenk1.ten
+         Presorted Key: tenk1.four
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: tenk1.four
+               ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+(7 rows)
+
+-- When work_mem is not enough to sort the entire table, incremental sort
+-- may be faster if individual groups still fit into work_mem.
+set work_mem to '2MB';
+explain (costs off)
+select * from (select * from tenk1 order by four) t order by four, ten;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Incremental Sort
+   Sort Key: tenk1.four, tenk1.ten
+   Presorted Key: tenk1.four
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: tenk1.four
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+(6 rows)
+
+reset work_mem;
+create table t(a integer, b integer);
+create or replace function explain_analyze_without_memory(query text)
+returns table (out_line text) language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  line text;
+begin
+  for line in
+    execute 'explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) ' || query
+  loop
+    out_line := regexp_replace(line, '\d+kB', 'NNkB', 'g');
+    return next;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+create or replace function explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes(query text)
+returns jsonb language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  elements jsonb;
+  element jsonb;
+  matching_nodes jsonb := '[]'::jsonb;
+begin
+  execute 'explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off, format ''json'') ' || query into strict elements;
+  while jsonb_array_length(elements) > 0 loop
+    element := elements->0;
+    elements := elements - 0;
+    case jsonb_typeof(element)
+    when 'array' then
+      if jsonb_array_length(element) > 0 then
+        elements := elements || element;
+      end if;
+    when 'object' then
+      if element ? 'Plan' then
+        elements := elements || jsonb_build_array(element->'Plan');
+        element := element - 'Plan';
+      else
+        if element ? 'Plans' then
+          elements := elements || jsonb_build_array(element->'Plans');
+          element := element - 'Plans';
+        end if;
+        if (element->>'Node Type')::text = 'Incremental Sort' then
+          matching_nodes := matching_nodes || element;
+        end if;
+      end if;
+    end case;
+  end loop;
+  return matching_nodes;
+end;
+$$;
+create or replace function explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_without_memory(query text)
+returns jsonb language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  nodes jsonb := '[]'::jsonb;
+  node jsonb;
+  group_key text;
+  space_key text;
+begin
+  for node in select * from jsonb_array_elements(explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes(query)) t loop
+    for group_key in select unnest(array['Full-sort Groups', 'Pre-sorted Groups']::text[]) t loop
+      for space_key in select unnest(array['Sort Space Memory', 'Sort Space Disk']::text[]) t loop
+        node := jsonb_set(node, array[group_key, space_key, 'Average Sort Space Used'], '"NN"', false);
+        node := jsonb_set(node, array[group_key, space_key, 'Peak Sort Space Used'], '"NN"', false);
+      end loop;
+    end loop;
+    nodes := nodes || node;
+  end loop;
+  return nodes;
+end;
+$$;
+create or replace function explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_verify_invariants(query text)
+returns bool language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  node jsonb;
+  group_stats jsonb;
+  group_key text;
+  space_key text;
+begin
+  for node in select * from jsonb_array_elements(explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes(query)) t loop
+    for group_key in select unnest(array['Full-sort Groups', 'Pre-sorted Groups']::text[]) t loop
+      group_stats := node->group_key;
+      for space_key in select unnest(array['Sort Space Memory', 'Sort Space Disk']::text[]) t loop
+        if (group_stats->space_key->'Peak Sort Space Used')::bigint < (group_stats->space_key->'Peak Sort Space Used')::bigint then
+          raise exception '% has invalid max space < average space', group_key;
+        end if;
+      end loop;
+    end loop;
+  end loop;
+  return true;
+end;
+$$;
+-- A single large group tested around each mode transition point.
+insert into t(a, b) select i/100 + 1, i + 1 from generate_series(0, 999) n(i);
+analyze t;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 |  1
+ 1 |  2
+ 1 |  3
+ 1 |  4
+ 1 |  5
+ 1 |  6
+ 1 |  7
+ 1 |  8
+ 1 |  9
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 1 | 20
+ 1 | 21
+ 1 | 22
+ 1 | 23
+ 1 | 24
+ 1 | 25
+ 1 | 26
+ 1 | 27
+ 1 | 28
+ 1 | 29
+ 1 | 30
+ 1 | 31
+(31 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 |  1
+ 1 |  2
+ 1 |  3
+ 1 |  4
+ 1 |  5
+ 1 |  6
+ 1 |  7
+ 1 |  8
+ 1 |  9
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 1 | 20
+ 1 | 21
+ 1 | 22
+ 1 | 23
+ 1 | 24
+ 1 | 25
+ 1 | 26
+ 1 | 27
+ 1 | 28
+ 1 | 29
+ 1 | 30
+ 1 | 31
+ 1 | 32
+(32 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 |  1
+ 1 |  2
+ 1 |  3
+ 1 |  4
+ 1 |  5
+ 1 |  6
+ 1 |  7
+ 1 |  8
+ 1 |  9
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 1 | 20
+ 1 | 21
+ 1 | 22
+ 1 | 23
+ 1 | 24
+ 1 | 25
+ 1 | 26
+ 1 | 27
+ 1 | 28
+ 1 | 29
+ 1 | 30
+ 1 | 31
+ 1 | 32
+ 1 | 33
+(33 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 |  1
+ 1 |  2
+ 1 |  3
+ 1 |  4
+ 1 |  5
+ 1 |  6
+ 1 |  7
+ 1 |  8
+ 1 |  9
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 1 | 20
+ 1 | 21
+ 1 | 22
+ 1 | 23
+ 1 | 24
+ 1 | 25
+ 1 | 26
+ 1 | 27
+ 1 | 28
+ 1 | 29
+ 1 | 30
+ 1 | 31
+ 1 | 32
+ 1 | 33
+ 1 | 34
+ 1 | 35
+ 1 | 36
+ 1 | 37
+ 1 | 38
+ 1 | 39
+ 1 | 40
+ 1 | 41
+ 1 | 42
+ 1 | 43
+ 1 | 44
+ 1 | 45
+ 1 | 46
+ 1 | 47
+ 1 | 48
+ 1 | 49
+ 1 | 50
+ 1 | 51
+ 1 | 52
+ 1 | 53
+ 1 | 54
+ 1 | 55
+ 1 | 56
+ 1 | 57
+ 1 | 58
+ 1 | 59
+ 1 | 60
+ 1 | 61
+ 1 | 62
+ 1 | 63
+ 1 | 64
+ 1 | 65
+(65 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 |  1
+ 1 |  2
+ 1 |  3
+ 1 |  4
+ 1 |  5
+ 1 |  6
+ 1 |  7
+ 1 |  8
+ 1 |  9
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 1 | 20
+ 1 | 21
+ 1 | 22
+ 1 | 23
+ 1 | 24
+ 1 | 25
+ 1 | 26
+ 1 | 27
+ 1 | 28
+ 1 | 29
+ 1 | 30
+ 1 | 31
+ 1 | 32
+ 1 | 33
+ 1 | 34
+ 1 | 35
+ 1 | 36
+ 1 | 37
+ 1 | 38
+ 1 | 39
+ 1 | 40
+ 1 | 41
+ 1 | 42
+ 1 | 43
+ 1 | 44
+ 1 | 45
+ 1 | 46
+ 1 | 47
+ 1 | 48
+ 1 | 49
+ 1 | 50
+ 1 | 51
+ 1 | 52
+ 1 | 53
+ 1 | 54
+ 1 | 55
+ 1 | 56
+ 1 | 57
+ 1 | 58
+ 1 | 59
+ 1 | 60
+ 1 | 61
+ 1 | 62
+ 1 | 63
+ 1 | 64
+ 1 | 65
+ 1 | 66
+(66 rows)
+
+delete from t;
+-- An initial large group followed by a small group.
+insert into t(a, b) select i/50 + 1, i + 1 from generate_series(0, 999) n(i);
+analyze t;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 55;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 55;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 |  1
+ 1 |  2
+ 1 |  3
+ 1 |  4
+ 1 |  5
+ 1 |  6
+ 1 |  7
+ 1 |  8
+ 1 |  9
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 1 | 20
+ 1 | 21
+ 1 | 22
+ 1 | 23
+ 1 | 24
+ 1 | 25
+ 1 | 26
+ 1 | 27
+ 1 | 28
+ 1 | 29
+ 1 | 30
+ 1 | 31
+ 1 | 32
+ 1 | 33
+ 1 | 34
+ 1 | 35
+ 1 | 36
+ 1 | 37
+ 1 | 38
+ 1 | 39
+ 1 | 40
+ 1 | 41
+ 1 | 42
+ 1 | 43
+ 1 | 44
+ 1 | 45
+ 1 | 46
+ 1 | 47
+ 1 | 48
+ 1 | 49
+ 1 | 50
+ 2 | 51
+ 2 | 52
+ 2 | 53
+ 2 | 54
+ 2 | 55
+(55 rows)
+
+-- Test EXPLAIN ANALYZE with only a fullsort group.
+select explain_analyze_without_memory('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 55');
+                                        explain_analyze_without_memory                                         
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit (actual rows=55 loops=1)
+   ->  Incremental Sort (actual rows=55 loops=1)
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         Full-sort Groups: 2  Sort Methods: top-N heapsort, quicksort  Average Memory: NNkB  Peak Memory: NNkB
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=101 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: NNkB
+               ->  Seq Scan on t (actual rows=1000 loops=1)
+(9 rows)
+
+select jsonb_pretty(explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_without_memory('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 55'));
+                  jsonb_pretty                   
+-------------------------------------------------
+ [                                              +
+     {                                          +
+         "Sort Key": [                          +
+             "t.a",                             +
+             "t.b"                              +
+         ],                                     +
+         "Node Type": "Incremental Sort",       +
+         "Actual Rows": 55,                     +
+         "Actual Loops": 1,                     +
+         "Async Capable": false,                +
+         "Presorted Key": [                     +
+             "t.a"                              +
+         ],                                     +
+         "Parallel Aware": false,               +
+         "Full-sort Groups": {                  +
+             "Group Count": 2,                  +
+             "Sort Methods Used": [             +
+                 "top-N heapsort",              +
+                 "quicksort"                    +
+             ],                                 +
+             "Sort Space Memory": {             +
+                 "Peak Sort Space Used": "NN",  +
+                 "Average Sort Space Used": "NN"+
+             }                                  +
+         },                                     +
+         "Parent Relationship": "Outer"         +
+     }                                          +
+ ]
+(1 row)
+
+select explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_verify_invariants('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 55');
+ explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_verify_invariants 
+--------------------------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+delete from t;
+-- An initial small group followed by a large group.
+insert into t(a, b) select (case when i < 5 then i else 9 end), i from generate_series(1, 1000) n(i);
+analyze t;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 70;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 70;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 |  1
+ 2 |  2
+ 3 |  3
+ 4 |  4
+ 9 |  5
+ 9 |  6
+ 9 |  7
+ 9 |  8
+ 9 |  9
+ 9 | 10
+ 9 | 11
+ 9 | 12
+ 9 | 13
+ 9 | 14
+ 9 | 15
+ 9 | 16
+ 9 | 17
+ 9 | 18
+ 9 | 19
+ 9 | 20
+ 9 | 21
+ 9 | 22
+ 9 | 23
+ 9 | 24
+ 9 | 25
+ 9 | 26
+ 9 | 27
+ 9 | 28
+ 9 | 29
+ 9 | 30
+ 9 | 31
+ 9 | 32
+ 9 | 33
+ 9 | 34
+ 9 | 35
+ 9 | 36
+ 9 | 37
+ 9 | 38
+ 9 | 39
+ 9 | 40
+ 9 | 41
+ 9 | 42
+ 9 | 43
+ 9 | 44
+ 9 | 45
+ 9 | 46
+ 9 | 47
+ 9 | 48
+ 9 | 49
+ 9 | 50
+ 9 | 51
+ 9 | 52
+ 9 | 53
+ 9 | 54
+ 9 | 55
+ 9 | 56
+ 9 | 57
+ 9 | 58
+ 9 | 59
+ 9 | 60
+ 9 | 61
+ 9 | 62
+ 9 | 63
+ 9 | 64
+ 9 | 65
+ 9 | 66
+ 9 | 67
+ 9 | 68
+ 9 | 69
+ 9 | 70
+(70 rows)
+
+-- Checks case where we hit a group boundary at the last tuple of a batch.
+-- Because the full sort state is bounded, we scan 64 tuples (the mode
+-- transition point) but only retain 5. Thus when we transition modes, all
+-- tuples in the full sort state have different prefix keys.
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 5;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 5;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+ 2 | 2
+ 3 | 3
+ 4 | 4
+ 9 | 5
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Test rescan.
+begin;
+-- We force the planner to choose a plan with incremental sort on the right side
+-- of a nested loop join node. That way we trigger the rescan code path.
+set local enable_hashjoin = off;
+set local enable_mergejoin = off;
+set local enable_material = off;
+set local enable_sort = off;
+explain (costs off) select * from t left join (select * from (select * from t order by a) v order by a, b) s on s.a = t.a where t.a in (1, 2);
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Join Filter: (t_1.a = t.a)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t
+         Filter: (a = ANY ('{1,2}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t_1.a, t_1.b
+         Presorted Key: t_1.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t_1.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t t_1
+(10 rows)
+
+select * from t left join (select * from (select * from t order by a) v order by a, b) s on s.a = t.a where t.a in (1, 2);
+ a | b | a | b 
+---+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+rollback;
+-- Test EXPLAIN ANALYZE with both fullsort and presorted groups.
+select explain_analyze_without_memory('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 70');
+                                         explain_analyze_without_memory                                         
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit (actual rows=70 loops=1)
+   ->  Incremental Sort (actual rows=70 loops=1)
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         Full-sort Groups: 1  Sort Method: quicksort  Average Memory: NNkB  Peak Memory: NNkB
+         Pre-sorted Groups: 5  Sort Methods: top-N heapsort, quicksort  Average Memory: NNkB  Peak Memory: NNkB
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=1000 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: NNkB
+               ->  Seq Scan on t (actual rows=1000 loops=1)
+(10 rows)
+
+select jsonb_pretty(explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_without_memory('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 70'));
+                  jsonb_pretty                   
+-------------------------------------------------
+ [                                              +
+     {                                          +
+         "Sort Key": [                          +
+             "t.a",                             +
+             "t.b"                              +
+         ],                                     +
+         "Node Type": "Incremental Sort",       +
+         "Actual Rows": 70,                     +
+         "Actual Loops": 1,                     +
+         "Async Capable": false,                +
+         "Presorted Key": [                     +
+             "t.a"                              +
+         ],                                     +
+         "Parallel Aware": false,               +
+         "Full-sort Groups": {                  +
+             "Group Count": 1,                  +
+             "Sort Methods Used": [             +
+                 "quicksort"                    +
+             ],                                 +
+             "Sort Space Memory": {             +
+                 "Peak Sort Space Used": "NN",  +
+                 "Average Sort Space Used": "NN"+
+             }                                  +
+         },                                     +
+         "Pre-sorted Groups": {                 +
+             "Group Count": 5,                  +
+             "Sort Methods Used": [             +
+                 "top-N heapsort",              +
+                 "quicksort"                    +
+             ],                                 +
+             "Sort Space Memory": {             +
+                 "Peak Sort Space Used": "NN",  +
+                 "Average Sort Space Used": "NN"+
+             }                                  +
+         },                                     +
+         "Parent Relationship": "Outer"         +
+     }                                          +
+ ]
+(1 row)
+
+select explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_verify_invariants('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 70');
+ explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_verify_invariants 
+--------------------------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+delete from t;
+-- Small groups of 10 tuples each tested around each mode transition point.
+insert into t(a, b) select i / 10, i from generate_series(1, 1000) n(i);
+analyze t;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 0 |  1
+ 0 |  2
+ 0 |  3
+ 0 |  4
+ 0 |  5
+ 0 |  6
+ 0 |  7
+ 0 |  8
+ 0 |  9
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 2 | 20
+ 2 | 21
+ 2 | 22
+ 2 | 23
+ 2 | 24
+ 2 | 25
+ 2 | 26
+ 2 | 27
+ 2 | 28
+ 2 | 29
+ 3 | 30
+ 3 | 31
+(31 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 0 |  1
+ 0 |  2
+ 0 |  3
+ 0 |  4
+ 0 |  5
+ 0 |  6
+ 0 |  7
+ 0 |  8
+ 0 |  9
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 2 | 20
+ 2 | 21
+ 2 | 22
+ 2 | 23
+ 2 | 24
+ 2 | 25
+ 2 | 26
+ 2 | 27
+ 2 | 28
+ 2 | 29
+ 3 | 30
+ 3 | 31
+ 3 | 32
+(32 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 0 |  1
+ 0 |  2
+ 0 |  3
+ 0 |  4
+ 0 |  5
+ 0 |  6
+ 0 |  7
+ 0 |  8
+ 0 |  9
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 2 | 20
+ 2 | 21
+ 2 | 22
+ 2 | 23
+ 2 | 24
+ 2 | 25
+ 2 | 26
+ 2 | 27
+ 2 | 28
+ 2 | 29
+ 3 | 30
+ 3 | 31
+ 3 | 32
+ 3 | 33
+(33 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 0 |  1
+ 0 |  2
+ 0 |  3
+ 0 |  4
+ 0 |  5
+ 0 |  6
+ 0 |  7
+ 0 |  8
+ 0 |  9
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 2 | 20
+ 2 | 21
+ 2 | 22
+ 2 | 23
+ 2 | 24
+ 2 | 25
+ 2 | 26
+ 2 | 27
+ 2 | 28
+ 2 | 29
+ 3 | 30
+ 3 | 31
+ 3 | 32
+ 3 | 33
+ 3 | 34
+ 3 | 35
+ 3 | 36
+ 3 | 37
+ 3 | 38
+ 3 | 39
+ 4 | 40
+ 4 | 41
+ 4 | 42
+ 4 | 43
+ 4 | 44
+ 4 | 45
+ 4 | 46
+ 4 | 47
+ 4 | 48
+ 4 | 49
+ 5 | 50
+ 5 | 51
+ 5 | 52
+ 5 | 53
+ 5 | 54
+ 5 | 55
+ 5 | 56
+ 5 | 57
+ 5 | 58
+ 5 | 59
+ 6 | 60
+ 6 | 61
+ 6 | 62
+ 6 | 63
+ 6 | 64
+ 6 | 65
+(65 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 0 |  1
+ 0 |  2
+ 0 |  3
+ 0 |  4
+ 0 |  5
+ 0 |  6
+ 0 |  7
+ 0 |  8
+ 0 |  9
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 2 | 20
+ 2 | 21
+ 2 | 22
+ 2 | 23
+ 2 | 24
+ 2 | 25
+ 2 | 26
+ 2 | 27
+ 2 | 28
+ 2 | 29
+ 3 | 30
+ 3 | 31
+ 3 | 32
+ 3 | 33
+ 3 | 34
+ 3 | 35
+ 3 | 36
+ 3 | 37
+ 3 | 38
+ 3 | 39
+ 4 | 40
+ 4 | 41
+ 4 | 42
+ 4 | 43
+ 4 | 44
+ 4 | 45
+ 4 | 46
+ 4 | 47
+ 4 | 48
+ 4 | 49
+ 5 | 50
+ 5 | 51
+ 5 | 52
+ 5 | 53
+ 5 | 54
+ 5 | 55
+ 5 | 56
+ 5 | 57
+ 5 | 58
+ 5 | 59
+ 6 | 60
+ 6 | 61
+ 6 | 62
+ 6 | 63
+ 6 | 64
+ 6 | 65
+ 6 | 66
+(66 rows)
+
+delete from t;
+-- Small groups of only 1 tuple each tested around each mode transition point.
+insert into t(a, b) select i, i from generate_series(1, 1000) n(i);
+analyze t;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  1 |  1
+  2 |  2
+  3 |  3
+  4 |  4
+  5 |  5
+  6 |  6
+  7 |  7
+  8 |  8
+  9 |  9
+ 10 | 10
+ 11 | 11
+ 12 | 12
+ 13 | 13
+ 14 | 14
+ 15 | 15
+ 16 | 16
+ 17 | 17
+ 18 | 18
+ 19 | 19
+ 20 | 20
+ 21 | 21
+ 22 | 22
+ 23 | 23
+ 24 | 24
+ 25 | 25
+ 26 | 26
+ 27 | 27
+ 28 | 28
+ 29 | 29
+ 30 | 30
+ 31 | 31
+(31 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  1 |  1
+  2 |  2
+  3 |  3
+  4 |  4
+  5 |  5
+  6 |  6
+  7 |  7
+  8 |  8
+  9 |  9
+ 10 | 10
+ 11 | 11
+ 12 | 12
+ 13 | 13
+ 14 | 14
+ 15 | 15
+ 16 | 16
+ 17 | 17
+ 18 | 18
+ 19 | 19
+ 20 | 20
+ 21 | 21
+ 22 | 22
+ 23 | 23
+ 24 | 24
+ 25 | 25
+ 26 | 26
+ 27 | 27
+ 28 | 28
+ 29 | 29
+ 30 | 30
+ 31 | 31
+ 32 | 32
+(32 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  1 |  1
+  2 |  2
+  3 |  3
+  4 |  4
+  5 |  5
+  6 |  6
+  7 |  7
+  8 |  8
+  9 |  9
+ 10 | 10
+ 11 | 11
+ 12 | 12
+ 13 | 13
+ 14 | 14
+ 15 | 15
+ 16 | 16
+ 17 | 17
+ 18 | 18
+ 19 | 19
+ 20 | 20
+ 21 | 21
+ 22 | 22
+ 23 | 23
+ 24 | 24
+ 25 | 25
+ 26 | 26
+ 27 | 27
+ 28 | 28
+ 29 | 29
+ 30 | 30
+ 31 | 31
+ 32 | 32
+ 33 | 33
+(33 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  1 |  1
+  2 |  2
+  3 |  3
+  4 |  4
+  5 |  5
+  6 |  6
+  7 |  7
+  8 |  8
+  9 |  9
+ 10 | 10
+ 11 | 11
+ 12 | 12
+ 13 | 13
+ 14 | 14
+ 15 | 15
+ 16 | 16
+ 17 | 17
+ 18 | 18
+ 19 | 19
+ 20 | 20
+ 21 | 21
+ 22 | 22
+ 23 | 23
+ 24 | 24
+ 25 | 25
+ 26 | 26
+ 27 | 27
+ 28 | 28
+ 29 | 29
+ 30 | 30
+ 31 | 31
+ 32 | 32
+ 33 | 33
+ 34 | 34
+ 35 | 35
+ 36 | 36
+ 37 | 37
+ 38 | 38
+ 39 | 39
+ 40 | 40
+ 41 | 41
+ 42 | 42
+ 43 | 43
+ 44 | 44
+ 45 | 45
+ 46 | 46
+ 47 | 47
+ 48 | 48
+ 49 | 49
+ 50 | 50
+ 51 | 51
+ 52 | 52
+ 53 | 53
+ 54 | 54
+ 55 | 55
+ 56 | 56
+ 57 | 57
+ 58 | 58
+ 59 | 59
+ 60 | 60
+ 61 | 61
+ 62 | 62
+ 63 | 63
+ 64 | 64
+ 65 | 65
+(65 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: t.a, t.b
+         Presorted Key: t.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  1 |  1
+  2 |  2
+  3 |  3
+  4 |  4
+  5 |  5
+  6 |  6
+  7 |  7
+  8 |  8
+  9 |  9
+ 10 | 10
+ 11 | 11
+ 12 | 12
+ 13 | 13
+ 14 | 14
+ 15 | 15
+ 16 | 16
+ 17 | 17
+ 18 | 18
+ 19 | 19
+ 20 | 20
+ 21 | 21
+ 22 | 22
+ 23 | 23
+ 24 | 24
+ 25 | 25
+ 26 | 26
+ 27 | 27
+ 28 | 28
+ 29 | 29
+ 30 | 30
+ 31 | 31
+ 32 | 32
+ 33 | 33
+ 34 | 34
+ 35 | 35
+ 36 | 36
+ 37 | 37
+ 38 | 38
+ 39 | 39
+ 40 | 40
+ 41 | 41
+ 42 | 42
+ 43 | 43
+ 44 | 44
+ 45 | 45
+ 46 | 46
+ 47 | 47
+ 48 | 48
+ 49 | 49
+ 50 | 50
+ 51 | 51
+ 52 | 52
+ 53 | 53
+ 54 | 54
+ 55 | 55
+ 56 | 56
+ 57 | 57
+ 58 | 58
+ 59 | 59
+ 60 | 60
+ 61 | 61
+ 62 | 62
+ 63 | 63
+ 64 | 64
+ 65 | 65
+ 66 | 66
+(66 rows)
+
+delete from t;
+drop table t;
+-- Incremental sort vs. parallel queries
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = '1kB';
+set min_parallel_index_scan_size = '1kB';
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+create table t (a int, b int, c int);
+insert into t select mod(i,10),mod(i,10),i from generate_series(1,10000) s(i);
+create index on t (a);
+analyze t;
+set enable_incremental_sort = off;
+explain (costs off) select a,b,sum(c) from t group by 1,2 order by 1,2,3 limit 1;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: a, b, (sum(c))
+         ->  Finalize HashAggregate
+               Group Key: a, b
+               ->  Gather
+                     Workers Planned: 2
+                     ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                           Group Key: a, b
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on t
+(10 rows)
+
+set enable_incremental_sort = on;
+explain (costs off) select a,b,sum(c) from t group by 1,2 order by 1,2,3 limit 1;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Incremental Sort
+         Sort Key: a, b, (sum(c))
+         Presorted Key: a, b
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: a, b
+               ->  Gather Merge
+                     Workers Planned: 2
+                     ->  Incremental Sort
+                           Sort Key: a, b
+                           Presorted Key: a
+                           ->  Parallel Index Scan using t_a_idx on t
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Incremental sort vs. set operations with varno 0
+set enable_hashagg to off;
+explain (costs off) select * from t union select * from t order by 1,3;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Incremental Sort
+   Sort Key: t.a, t.c
+   Presorted Key: t.a
+   ->  Unique
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.a, t.b, t.c
+               ->  Gather
+                     Workers Planned: 2
+                     ->  Parallel Append
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on t
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on t t_1
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Full sort, not just incremental sort can be pushed below a gather merge path
+-- by generate_useful_gather_paths.
+explain (costs off) select distinct a,b from t;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Gather Merge
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: a, b
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on t
+(6 rows)
+
+drop table t;
+-- Sort pushdown can't go below where expressions are part of the rel target.
+-- In particular this is interesting for volatile expressions which have to
+-- go above joins since otherwise we'll incorrectly use expression evaluations
+-- across multiple rows.
+set enable_hashagg=off;
+set enable_seqscan=off;
+set enable_incremental_sort = off;
+set parallel_tuple_cost=0;
+set parallel_setup_cost=0;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set min_parallel_index_scan_size = 0;
+-- Parallel sort below join.
+explain (costs off) select distinct sub.unique1, stringu1
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Gather Merge
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: tenk1.unique1, tenk1.stringu1
+                     ->  Parallel Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+         ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select sub.unique1, stringu1
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub
+order by 1, 2;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Gather Merge
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: tenk1.unique1, tenk1.stringu1
+               ->  Parallel Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+   ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Parallel sort but with expression that can be safely generated at the base rel.
+explain (costs off) select distinct sub.unique1, md5(stringu1)
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub;
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                       
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Gather Merge
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: tenk1.unique1, (md5((tenk1.stringu1)::text)) COLLATE "C"
+                     ->  Parallel Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+         ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select sub.unique1, md5(stringu1)
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub
+order by 1, 2;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Gather Merge
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: tenk1.unique1, (md5((tenk1.stringu1)::text)) COLLATE "C"
+               ->  Parallel Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+   ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Parallel sort with an aggregate that can be safely generated in parallel,
+-- but we can't sort by partial aggregate values.
+explain (costs off) select count(*)
+from tenk1 t1
+join tenk1 t2 on t1.unique1 = t2.unique2
+join tenk1 t3 on t2.unique1 = t3.unique1
+order by count(*);
+                                          QUERY PLAN                                           
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (count(*))
+   ->  Finalize Aggregate
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Partial Aggregate
+                     ->  Parallel Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t2.unique1 = t3.unique1)
+                           ->  Parallel Hash Join
+                                 Hash Cond: (t1.unique1 = t2.unique2)
+                                 ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t1
+                                 ->  Parallel Hash
+                                       ->  Parallel Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 t2
+                           ->  Parallel Hash
+                                 ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t3
+(15 rows)
+
+-- Parallel sort but with expression (correlated subquery) that
+-- is prohibited in parallel plans.
+explain (costs off) select distinct
+  unique1,
+  (select t.unique1 from tenk1 where tenk1.unique1 = t.unique1)
+from tenk1 t, generate_series(1, 1000);
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: t.unique1, ((SubPlan 1))
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t
+                     ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+               SubPlan 1
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                       Index Cond: (unique1 = t.unique1)
+(11 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select
+  unique1,
+  (select t.unique1 from tenk1 where tenk1.unique1 = t.unique1)
+from tenk1 t, generate_series(1, 1000)
+order by 1, 2;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t.unique1, ((SubPlan 1))
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t
+               ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+         SubPlan 1
+           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: (unique1 = t.unique1)
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Parallel sort but with expression not available until the upper rel.
+explain (costs off) select distinct sub.unique1, stringu1 || random()::text
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub;
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: tenk1.unique1, (((tenk1.stringu1)::text || (random())::text)) COLLATE "C"
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Parallel Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                     ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select sub.unique1, stringu1 || random()::text
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub
+order by 1, 2;
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: tenk1.unique1, (((tenk1.stringu1)::text || (random())::text)) COLLATE "C"
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Parallel Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+               ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+(7 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/index_including.out b/src/test/regress/expected/index_including.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8651068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/index_including.out
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+/*
+ * 1.test CREATE INDEX
+ *
+ * Deliberately avoid dropping objects in this section, to get some pg_dump
+ * coverage.
+ */
+-- Regular index with included columns
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_reg (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_reg SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX tbl_include_reg_idx ON tbl_include_reg (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+-- duplicate column is pretty pointless, but we allow it anyway
+CREATE INDEX ON tbl_include_reg (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c1, c3);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_reg'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+                                                pg_get_indexdef                                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE INDEX tbl_include_reg_c1_c2_c11_c3_idx ON public.tbl_include_reg USING btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c1, c3)
+ CREATE INDEX tbl_include_reg_idx ON public.tbl_include_reg USING btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4)
+(2 rows)
+
+\d tbl_include_reg_idx
+  Index "public.tbl_include_reg_idx"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ c1     | integer | yes  | c1
+ c2     | integer | yes  | c2
+ c3     | integer | no   | c3
+ c4     | box     | no   | c4
+btree, for table "public.tbl_include_reg"
+
+-- Unique index and unique constraint
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_unique1 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_unique1 SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_unique1_idx_unique ON tbl_include_unique1 using btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_unique1 add UNIQUE USING INDEX tbl_include_unique1_idx_unique;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_unique1 add UNIQUE (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_unique1'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+                                                       pg_get_indexdef                                                       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_unique1_c1_c2_c3_c4_key ON public.tbl_include_unique1 USING btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4)
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_unique1_idx_unique ON public.tbl_include_unique1 USING btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Unique index and unique constraint. Both must fail.
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_unique2 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_unique2 SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_unique2_idx_unique ON tbl_include_unique2 using btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "tbl_include_unique2_idx_unique"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1, c2)=(1, 2) is duplicated.
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_unique2 add UNIQUE (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "tbl_include_unique2_c1_c2_c3_c4_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1, c2)=(1, 2) is duplicated.
+-- PK constraint
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_pk (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_pk SELECT 1, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_pk add PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_pk'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+                                            pg_get_indexdef                                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_pk_pkey ON public.tbl_include_pk USING btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4)
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_box (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_box SELECT 1, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_box_idx_unique ON tbl_include_box using btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_box add PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX tbl_include_box_idx_unique;
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_box'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+                                                pg_get_indexdef                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_box_idx_unique ON public.tbl_include_box USING btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4)
+(1 row)
+
+-- PK constraint. Must fail.
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_box_pk (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_box_pk SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_box_pk add PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "tbl_include_box_pk_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1, c2)=(1, 2) is duplicated.
+/*
+ * 2. Test CREATE TABLE with constraint
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+				CONSTRAINT covering UNIQUE(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+ indexrelid | indnatts | indnkeyatts | indisunique | indisprimary | indkey  | indclass  
+------------+----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+---------+-----------
+ covering   |        4 |           2 | t           | f            | 1 2 3 4 | 1978 1978
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+       pg_get_constraintdef       | conname  | conkey 
+----------------------------------+----------+--------
+ UNIQUE (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4) | covering | {1,2}
+(1 row)
+
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "covering"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1, c2)=(1, 2) already exists.
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+				CONSTRAINT covering PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+ indexrelid | indnatts | indnkeyatts | indisunique | indisprimary | indkey  | indclass  
+------------+----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+---------+-----------
+ covering   |        4 |           2 | t           | t            | 1 2 3 4 | 1978 1978
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+         pg_get_constraintdef          | conname  | conkey 
+---------------------------------------+----------+--------
+ PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4) | covering | {1,2}
+(1 row)
+
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "covering"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1, c2)=(1, 2) already exists.
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, NULL, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ERROR:  null value in column "c2" of relation "tbl" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, null, 3, (4,4),(4,4)).
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, NULL, NULL FROM generate_series(1,300) AS x;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (2,5,1);
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on tbl
+   Filter: (ROW(c1, c2, c3) < ROW(2, 5, 1))
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on covering
+         Index Cond: (ROW(c1, c2) <= ROW(2, 5))
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (2,5,1);
+ c1 | c2 | c3 | c4 
+----+----+----+----
+  1 |  2 |    | 
+  2 |  4 |    | 
+(2 rows)
+
+-- row comparison that compares high key at page boundary
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (262,1,1) limit 1;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Only Scan using covering on tbl
+         Index Cond: (ROW(c1, c2) <= ROW(262, 1))
+         Filter: (ROW(c1, c2, c3) < ROW(262, 1, 1))
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (262,1,1) limit 1;
+ c1 | c2 | c3 | c4 
+----+----+----+----
+  1 |  2 |    | 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+				UNIQUE(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+     indexrelid      | indnatts | indnkeyatts | indisunique | indisprimary | indkey  | indclass  
+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+---------+-----------
+ tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_key |        4 |           2 | t           | f            | 1 2 3 4 | 1978 1978
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+       pg_get_constraintdef       |       conname       | conkey 
+----------------------------------+---------------------+--------
+ UNIQUE (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4) | tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_key | {1,2}
+(1 row)
+
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1, c2)=(1, 2) already exists.
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+				PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+ indexrelid | indnatts | indnkeyatts | indisunique | indisprimary | indkey  | indclass  
+------------+----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+---------+-----------
+ tbl_pkey   |        4 |           2 | t           | t            | 1 2 3 4 | 1978 1978
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+         pg_get_constraintdef          | conname  | conkey 
+---------------------------------------+----------+--------
+ PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4) | tbl_pkey | {1,2}
+(1 row)
+
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "tbl_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1, c2)=(1, 2) already exists.
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, NULL, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ERROR:  null value in column "c2" of relation "tbl" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, null, 3, (4,4),(4,4)).
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, NULL, NULL FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+				EXCLUDE USING btree (c1 WITH =) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+    indexrelid     | indnatts | indnkeyatts | indisunique | indisprimary | indkey | indclass 
+-------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------+----------
+ tbl_c1_c3_c4_excl |        3 |           1 | f           | f            | 1 3 4  | 1978
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+               pg_get_constraintdef               |      conname      | conkey 
+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+--------
+ EXCLUDE USING btree (c1 WITH =) INCLUDE (c3, c4) | tbl_c1_c3_c4_excl | {1}
+(1 row)
+
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "tbl_c1_c3_c4_excl"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1)=(1) conflicts with existing key (c1)=(1).
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, NULL, NULL FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+/*
+ * 3.0 Test ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+ * Any column deletion leads to index deletion.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 int);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_idx ON tbl using btree(c1, c2, c3, c4);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+                                indexdef                                
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_idx ON public.tbl USING btree (c1, c2, c3, c4)
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ indexdef 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+/*
+ * 3.1 Test ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+ * Included column deletion leads to the index deletion,
+ * AS well AS key columns deletion. It's explained in documentation.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_idx ON tbl using btree(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+                                    indexdef                                     
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_idx ON public.tbl USING btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4)
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ indexdef 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+/*
+ * 3.2 Test ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+ * Included column deletion leads to the index deletion.
+ * AS well AS key columns deletion. It's explained in documentation.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+                                          indexdef                                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_key ON public.tbl USING btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4)
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ indexdef 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c1;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ indexdef 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+/*
+ * 3.3 Test ALTER TABLE SET STATISTICS
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int, c2 int);
+CREATE INDEX tbl_idx ON tbl (c1, (c1+0)) INCLUDE (c2);
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 1 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ERROR:  cannot alter statistics on non-expression column "c1" of index "tbl_idx"
+HINT:  Alter statistics on table column instead.
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 2 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 3 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ERROR:  cannot alter statistics on included column "c2" of index "tbl_idx"
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 4 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ERROR:  column number 4 of relation "tbl_idx" does not exist
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+/*
+ * 4. CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,1000) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY on tbl (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+                                          indexdef                                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_idx ON public.tbl USING btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4)
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_key ON public.tbl USING btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4)
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+/*
+ * 5. REINDEX
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+                                          indexdef                                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_key ON public.tbl USING btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4)
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ indexdef 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+REINDEX INDEX tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_key;
+ERROR:  relation "tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_key" does not exist
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ indexdef 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c1;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ indexdef 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+/*
+ * 7. Check various AMs. All but btree, gist and spgist must fail.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 box, c4 box);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING brin(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ERROR:  access method "brin" does not support included columns
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING gist(c3) INCLUDE (c1, c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING spgist(c3) INCLUDE (c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING gin(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ERROR:  access method "gin" does not support included columns
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING hash(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ERROR:  access method "hash" does not support included columns
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING rtree(c3) INCLUDE (c1, c4);
+NOTICE:  substituting access method "gist" for obsolete method "rtree"
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING btree(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+/*
+ * 8. Update, delete values in indexed table.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_idx_unique ON tbl using btree(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3,c4);
+UPDATE tbl SET c1 = 100 WHERE c1 = 2;
+UPDATE tbl SET c1 = 1 WHERE c1 = 3;
+-- should fail
+UPDATE tbl SET c2 = 2 WHERE c1 = 1;
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "tbl_idx_unique"
+DETAIL:  Key (c1, c2)=(1, 2) already exists.
+UPDATE tbl SET c3 = 1;
+DELETE FROM tbl WHERE c1 = 5 OR c3 = 12;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+/*
+ * 9. Alter column type.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ALTER TABLE tbl ALTER c1 TYPE bigint;
+ALTER TABLE tbl ALTER c3 TYPE bigint;
+\d tbl
+                Table "public.tbl"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | bigint  |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+ c3     | bigint  |           |          | 
+ c4     | box     |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4)
+
+DROP TABLE tbl;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/index_including_gist.out b/src/test/regress/expected/index_including_gist.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed9906d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/index_including_gist.out
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+/*
+ * 1.1. test CREATE INDEX with buffered build
+ */
+-- Regular index with included columns
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+-- size is chosen to exceed page size and trigger actual truncation
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,8000) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c2,c3);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_gist'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+                                  pg_get_indexdef                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON public.tbl_gist USING gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c2, c3)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10));
+ c1 | c2 | c3 |     c4      
+----+----+----+-------------
+  1 |  2 |  3 | (2,3),(1,2)
+  2 |  4 |  6 | (4,5),(2,3)
+  3 |  6 |  9 | (6,7),(3,4)
+  4 |  8 | 12 | (8,9),(4,5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+EXPLAIN  (costs off) SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10));
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using tbl_gist_idx on tbl_gist
+   Index Cond: (c4 <@ '(10,10),(1,1)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO default;
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+/*
+ * 1.2. test CREATE INDEX with inserts
+ */
+-- Regular index with included columns
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+-- size is chosen to exceed page size and trigger actual truncation
+CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c2,c3);
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,8000) AS x;
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_gist'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+                                  pg_get_indexdef                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON public.tbl_gist USING gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c2, c3)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10));
+ c1 | c2 | c3 |     c4      
+----+----+----+-------------
+  1 |  2 |  3 | (2,3),(1,2)
+  2 |  4 |  6 | (4,5),(2,3)
+  3 |  6 |  9 | (6,7),(3,4)
+  4 |  8 | 12 | (8,9),(4,5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+EXPLAIN  (costs off) SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10));
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using tbl_gist_idx on tbl_gist
+   Index Cond: (c4 <@ '(10,10),(1,1)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO default;
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+/*
+ * 2. CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c2,c3);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname;
+                                     indexdef                                      
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON public.tbl_gist USING gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c2, c3)
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+/*
+ * 3. REINDEX
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c3);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname;
+                                   indexdef                                    
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON public.tbl_gist USING gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c3)
+(1 row)
+
+REINDEX INDEX tbl_gist_idx;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname;
+                                   indexdef                                    
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON public.tbl_gist USING gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c3)
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE tbl_gist DROP COLUMN c1;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname;
+ indexdef 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+/*
+ * 4. Update, delete values in indexed table.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c3);
+UPDATE tbl_gist SET c1 = 100 WHERE c1 = 2;
+UPDATE tbl_gist SET c1 = 1 WHERE c1 = 3;
+DELETE FROM tbl_gist WHERE c1 = 5 OR c3 = 12;
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+/*
+ * 5. Alter column type.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c3);
+ALTER TABLE tbl_gist ALTER c1 TYPE bigint;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_gist ALTER c3 TYPE bigint;
+\d tbl_gist
+              Table "public.tbl_gist"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | bigint  |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+ c3     | bigint  |           |          | 
+ c4     | box     |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "tbl_gist_idx" gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1, c3)
+
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+/*
+ * 6. EXCLUDE constraint.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, EXCLUDE USING gist (c4 WITH &&) INCLUDE (c1, c2, c3));
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "tbl_gist_c4_c1_c2_c3_excl"
+DETAIL:  Key (c4)=((4,5),(2,3)) conflicts with existing key (c4)=((2,3),(1,2)).
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(3*x,2*x),point(3*x+1,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+EXPLAIN  (costs off) SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10));
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using tbl_gist_c4_c1_c2_c3_excl on tbl_gist
+   Index Cond: (c4 <@ '(10,10),(1,1)'::box)
+(2 rows)
+
+\d tbl_gist
+              Table "public.tbl_gist"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ c1     | integer |           |          | 
+ c2     | integer |           |          | 
+ c3     | integer |           |          | 
+ c4     | box     |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "tbl_gist_c4_c1_c2_c3_excl" EXCLUDE USING gist (c4 WITH &&) INCLUDE (c1, c2, c3)
+
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/indexing.out b/src/test/regress/expected/indexing.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..368e735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/indexing.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1551 @@
+-- Creating an index on a partitioned table makes the partitions
+-- automatically get the index
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text) partition by range (a);
+-- relhassubclass of a partitioned index is false before creating any partition.
+-- It will be set after the first partition is created.
+create index idxpart_idx on idxpart (a);
+select relhassubclass from pg_class where relname = 'idxpart_idx';
+ relhassubclass 
+----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check that partitioned indexes are present in pg_indexes.
+select indexdef from pg_indexes where indexname like 'idxpart_idx%';
+                            indexdef                             
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE INDEX idxpart_idx ON ONLY public.idxpart USING btree (a)
+(1 row)
+
+drop index idxpart_idx;
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (10);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (10) to (100)
+	partition by range (b);
+create table idxpart21 partition of idxpart2 for values from (0) to (100);
+-- Even with partitions, relhassubclass should not be set if a partitioned
+-- index is created only on the parent.
+create index idxpart_idx on only idxpart(a);
+select relhassubclass from pg_class where relname = 'idxpart_idx';
+ relhassubclass 
+----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+drop index idxpart_idx;
+create index on idxpart (a);
+select relname, relkind, relhassubclass, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+     relname     | relkind | relhassubclass |   inhparent    
+-----------------+---------+----------------+----------------
+ idxpart         | p       | t              | 
+ idxpart1        | r       | f              | 
+ idxpart1_a_idx  | i       | f              | idxpart_a_idx
+ idxpart2        | p       | t              | 
+ idxpart21       | r       | f              | 
+ idxpart21_a_idx | i       | f              | idxpart2_a_idx
+ idxpart2_a_idx  | I       | t              | idxpart_a_idx
+ idxpart_a_idx   | I       | t              | 
+(8 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Some unsupported features
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (10);
+create index concurrently on idxpart (a);
+ERROR:  cannot create index on partitioned table "idxpart" concurrently
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Verify bugfix with query on indexed partitioned table with no partitions
+-- https://postgr.es/m/20180124162006.pmapfiznhgngwtjf@alvherre.pgsql
+CREATE TABLE idxpart (col1 INT) PARTITION BY RANGE (col1);
+CREATE INDEX ON idxpart (col1);
+CREATE TABLE idxpart_two (col2 INT);
+SELECT col2 FROM idxpart_two fk LEFT OUTER JOIN idxpart pk ON (col1 = col2);
+ col2 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP table idxpart, idxpart_two;
+-- Verify bugfix with index rewrite on ALTER TABLE / SET DATA TYPE
+-- https://postgr.es/m/CAKcux6mxNCGsgATwf5CGMF8g4WSupCXicCVMeKUTuWbyxHOMsQ@mail.gmail.com
+CREATE TABLE idxpart (a INT, b TEXT, c INT) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE idxpart1 PARTITION OF idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE) TO (MAXVALUE);
+CREATE INDEX partidx_abc_idx ON idxpart (a, b, c);
+INSERT INTO idxpart (a, b, c) SELECT i, i, i FROM generate_series(1, 50) i;
+ALTER TABLE idxpart ALTER COLUMN c TYPE numeric;
+DROP TABLE idxpart;
+-- If a table without index is attached as partition to a table with
+-- an index, the index is automatically created
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text) partition by range (a);
+create index idxparti on idxpart (a);
+create index idxparti2 on idxpart (b, c);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+\d idxpart1
+              Table "public.idxpart1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (10);
+\d idxpart1
+              Table "public.idxpart1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1_a_idx" btree (a)
+    "idxpart1_b_c_idx" btree (b, c)
+
+\d+ idxpart1_a_idx
+                 Index "public.idxpart1_a_idx"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition | Storage | Stats target 
+--------+---------+------+------------+---------+--------------
+ a      | integer | yes  | a          | plain   | 
+Partition of: idxparti 
+No partition constraint
+btree, for table "public.idxpart1"
+
+\d+ idxpart1_b_c_idx
+                Index "public.idxpart1_b_c_idx"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition | Storage  | Stats target 
+--------+---------+------+------------+----------+--------------
+ b      | integer | yes  | b          | plain    | 
+ c      | text    | yes  | c          | extended | 
+Partition of: idxparti2 
+No partition constraint
+btree, for table "public.idxpart1"
+
+-- Forbid ALTER TABLE when attaching or detaching an index to a partition.
+create index idxpart_c on only idxpart (c);
+create index idxpart1_c on idxpart1 (c);
+alter table idxpart_c attach partition idxpart1_c for values from (10) to (20);
+ERROR:  "idxpart_c" is not a partitioned table
+alter index idxpart_c attach partition idxpart1_c;
+select relname, relpartbound from pg_class
+  where relname in ('idxpart_c', 'idxpart1_c')
+  order by relname;
+  relname   | relpartbound 
+------------+--------------
+ idxpart1_c | 
+ idxpart_c  | 
+(2 rows)
+
+alter table idxpart_c detach partition idxpart1_c;
+ERROR:  ALTER action DETACH PARTITION cannot be performed on relation "idxpart_c"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for partitioned indexes.
+drop table idxpart;
+-- If a partition already has an index, don't create a duplicative one
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0, 0) to (10, 10);
+create index on idxpart1 (a, b);
+create index on idxpart (a, b);
+\d idxpart1
+              Table "public.idxpart1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (0, 0) TO (10, 10)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1_a_b_idx" btree (a, b)
+
+select relname, relkind, relhassubclass, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+     relname      | relkind | relhassubclass |    inhparent    
+------------------+---------+----------------+-----------------
+ idxpart          | p       | t              | 
+ idxpart1         | r       | f              | 
+ idxpart1_a_b_idx | i       | f              | idxpart_a_b_idx
+ idxpart_a_b_idx  | I       | t              | 
+(4 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- DROP behavior for partitioned indexes
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create index on idxpart (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (10);
+drop index idxpart1_a_idx;	-- no way
+ERROR:  cannot drop index idxpart1_a_idx because index idxpart_a_idx requires it
+HINT:  You can drop index idxpart_a_idx instead.
+drop index concurrently idxpart_a_idx;	-- unsupported
+ERROR:  cannot drop partitioned index "idxpart_a_idx" concurrently
+drop index idxpart_a_idx;	-- both indexes go away
+select relname, relkind from pg_class
+  where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+ relname  | relkind 
+----------+---------
+ idxpart  | p
+ idxpart1 | r
+(2 rows)
+
+create index on idxpart (a);
+drop table idxpart1;		-- the index on partition goes away too
+select relname, relkind from pg_class
+  where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+    relname    | relkind 
+---------------+---------
+ idxpart       | p
+ idxpart_a_idx | I
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- DROP behavior with temporary partitioned indexes
+create temp table idxpart_temp (a int) partition by range (a);
+create index on idxpart_temp(a);
+create temp table idxpart1_temp partition of idxpart_temp
+  for values from (0) to (10);
+drop index idxpart1_temp_a_idx; -- error
+ERROR:  cannot drop index idxpart1_temp_a_idx because index idxpart_temp_a_idx requires it
+HINT:  You can drop index idxpart_temp_a_idx instead.
+-- non-concurrent drop is enforced here, so it is a valid case.
+drop index concurrently idxpart_temp_a_idx;
+select relname, relkind from pg_class
+  where relname like 'idxpart_temp%' order by relname;
+   relname    | relkind 
+--------------+---------
+ idxpart_temp | p
+(1 row)
+
+drop table idxpart_temp;
+-- ALTER INDEX .. ATTACH, error cases
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0, 0) to (10, 10);
+create index idxpart_a_b_idx on only idxpart (a, b);
+create index idxpart1_a_b_idx on idxpart1 (a, b);
+create index idxpart1_tst1 on idxpart1 (b, a);
+create index idxpart1_tst2 on idxpart1 using hash (a);
+create index idxpart1_tst3 on idxpart1 (a, b) where a > 10;
+alter index idxpart attach partition idxpart1;
+ERROR:  "idxpart" is not an index
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1;
+ERROR:  "idxpart1" is not an index
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart_a_b_idx;
+ERROR:  cannot attach index "idxpart_a_b_idx" as a partition of index "idxpart_a_b_idx"
+DETAIL:  Index "idxpart_a_b_idx" is not an index on any partition of table "idxpart".
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_b_idx;
+ERROR:  relation "idxpart1_b_idx" does not exist
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_tst1;
+ERROR:  cannot attach index "idxpart1_tst1" as a partition of index "idxpart_a_b_idx"
+DETAIL:  The index definitions do not match.
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_tst2;
+ERROR:  cannot attach index "idxpart1_tst2" as a partition of index "idxpart_a_b_idx"
+DETAIL:  The index definitions do not match.
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_tst3;
+ERROR:  cannot attach index "idxpart1_tst3" as a partition of index "idxpart_a_b_idx"
+DETAIL:  The index definitions do not match.
+-- OK
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_a_b_idx;
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_a_b_idx; -- quiet
+-- reject dupe
+create index idxpart1_2_a_b on idxpart1 (a, b);
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_2_a_b;
+ERROR:  cannot attach index "idxpart1_2_a_b" as a partition of index "idxpart_a_b_idx"
+DETAIL:  Another index is already attached for partition "idxpart1".
+drop table idxpart;
+-- make sure everything's gone
+select indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass
+  from pg_index where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%';
+ indexrelid | indrelid 
+------------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Don't auto-attach incompatible indexes
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (a int, b int);
+create index on idxpart1 using hash (a);
+create index on idxpart1 (a) where b > 1;
+create index on idxpart1 ((a + 0));
+create index on idxpart1 (a, a);
+create index on idxpart (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+\d idxpart1
+              Table "public.idxpart1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1_a_a1_idx" btree (a, a)
+    "idxpart1_a_idx" hash (a)
+    "idxpart1_a_idx1" btree (a) WHERE b > 1
+    "idxpart1_a_idx2" btree (a)
+    "idxpart1_expr_idx" btree ((a + 0))
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- If CREATE INDEX ONLY, don't create indexes on partitions; and existing
+-- indexes on partitions don't change parent.  ALTER INDEX ATTACH can change
+-- the parent after the fact.
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (100);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (100) to (1000)
+  partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart21 partition of idxpart2 for values from (100) to (200);
+create table idxpart22 partition of idxpart2 for values from (200) to (300);
+create index on idxpart22 (a);
+create index on only idxpart2 (a);
+create index on idxpart (a);
+-- Here we expect that idxpart1 and idxpart2 have a new index, but idxpart21
+-- does not; also, idxpart22 is not attached.
+\d idxpart1
+              Table "public.idxpart1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1_a_idx" btree (a)
+
+\d idxpart2
+        Partitioned table "public.idxpart2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (1000)
+Partition key: RANGE (a)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart2_a_idx" btree (a) INVALID
+Number of partitions: 2 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d idxpart21
+             Table "public.idxpart21"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart2 FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200)
+
+select indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+   indexrelid    | indrelid  |   inhparent   
+-----------------+-----------+---------------
+ idxpart1_a_idx  | idxpart1  | idxpart_a_idx
+ idxpart22_a_idx | idxpart22 | 
+ idxpart2_a_idx  | idxpart2  | idxpart_a_idx
+ idxpart_a_idx   | idxpart   | 
+(4 rows)
+
+alter index idxpart2_a_idx attach partition idxpart22_a_idx;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+   indexrelid    | indrelid  |   inhparent    
+-----------------+-----------+----------------
+ idxpart1_a_idx  | idxpart1  | idxpart_a_idx
+ idxpart22_a_idx | idxpart22 | idxpart2_a_idx
+ idxpart2_a_idx  | idxpart2  | idxpart_a_idx
+ idxpart_a_idx   | idxpart   | 
+(4 rows)
+
+-- attaching idxpart22 is not enough to set idxpart22_a_idx valid ...
+alter index idxpart2_a_idx attach partition idxpart22_a_idx;
+\d idxpart2
+        Partitioned table "public.idxpart2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (1000)
+Partition key: RANGE (a)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart2_a_idx" btree (a) INVALID
+Number of partitions: 2 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+-- ... but this one is.
+create index on idxpart21 (a);
+alter index idxpart2_a_idx attach partition idxpart21_a_idx;
+\d idxpart2
+        Partitioned table "public.idxpart2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (1000)
+Partition key: RANGE (a)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart2_a_idx" btree (a)
+Number of partitions: 2 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- When a table is attached a partition and it already has an index, a
+-- duplicate index should not get created, but rather the index becomes
+-- attached to the parent's index.
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text, d bool) partition by range (a);
+create index idxparti on idxpart (a);
+create index idxparti2 on idxpart (b, c);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart including indexes);
+\d idxpart1
+              Table "public.idxpart1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+ d      | boolean |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1_a_idx" btree (a)
+    "idxpart1_b_c_idx" btree (b, c)
+
+select relname, relkind, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+     relname      | relkind | inhparent 
+------------------+---------+-----------
+ idxpart          | p       | 
+ idxpart1         | r       | 
+ idxpart1_a_idx   | i       | 
+ idxpart1_b_c_idx | i       | 
+ idxparti         | I       | 
+ idxparti2        | I       | 
+(6 rows)
+
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (10);
+\d idxpart1
+              Table "public.idxpart1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+ d      | boolean |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1_a_idx" btree (a)
+    "idxpart1_b_c_idx" btree (b, c)
+
+select relname, relkind, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+     relname      | relkind | inhparent 
+------------------+---------+-----------
+ idxpart          | p       | 
+ idxpart1         | r       | 
+ idxpart1_a_idx   | i       | idxparti
+ idxpart1_b_c_idx | i       | idxparti2
+ idxparti         | I       | 
+ idxparti2        | I       | 
+(6 rows)
+
+-- While here, also check matching when creating an index after the fact.
+create index on idxpart1 ((a+b)) where d = true;
+\d idxpart1
+              Table "public.idxpart1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+ d      | boolean |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1_a_idx" btree (a)
+    "idxpart1_b_c_idx" btree (b, c)
+    "idxpart1_expr_idx" btree ((a + b)) WHERE d = true
+
+select relname, relkind, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+      relname      | relkind | inhparent 
+-------------------+---------+-----------
+ idxpart           | p       | 
+ idxpart1          | r       | 
+ idxpart1_a_idx    | i       | idxparti
+ idxpart1_b_c_idx  | i       | idxparti2
+ idxpart1_expr_idx | i       | 
+ idxparti          | I       | 
+ idxparti2         | I       | 
+(7 rows)
+
+create index idxparti3 on idxpart ((a+b)) where d = true;
+\d idxpart1
+              Table "public.idxpart1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+ d      | boolean |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1_a_idx" btree (a)
+    "idxpart1_b_c_idx" btree (b, c)
+    "idxpart1_expr_idx" btree ((a + b)) WHERE d = true
+
+select relname, relkind, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+      relname      | relkind | inhparent 
+-------------------+---------+-----------
+ idxpart           | p       | 
+ idxpart1          | r       | 
+ idxpart1_a_idx    | i       | idxparti
+ idxpart1_b_c_idx  | i       | idxparti2
+ idxpart1_expr_idx | i       | idxparti3
+ idxparti          | I       | 
+ idxparti2         | I       | 
+ idxparti3         | I       | 
+(8 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Verify that attaching an invalid index does not mark the parent index valid.
+-- On the other hand, attaching a valid index marks not only its direct
+-- ancestor valid, but also any indirect ancestor that was only missing the one
+-- that was just made valid
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (1) to (1000) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart11 partition of idxpart1 for values from (1) to (100);
+create index on only idxpart1 (a);
+create index on only idxpart (a);
+-- this results in two invalid indexes:
+select relname, indisvalid from pg_class join pg_index on indexrelid = oid
+   where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+    relname     | indisvalid 
+----------------+------------
+ idxpart1_a_idx | f
+ idxpart_a_idx  | f
+(2 rows)
+
+-- idxpart1_a_idx is not valid, so idxpart_a_idx should not become valid:
+alter index idxpart_a_idx attach partition idxpart1_a_idx;
+select relname, indisvalid from pg_class join pg_index on indexrelid = oid
+   where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+    relname     | indisvalid 
+----------------+------------
+ idxpart1_a_idx | f
+ idxpart_a_idx  | f
+(2 rows)
+
+-- after creating and attaching this, both idxpart1_a_idx and idxpart_a_idx
+-- should become valid
+create index on idxpart11 (a);
+alter index idxpart1_a_idx attach partition idxpart11_a_idx;
+select relname, indisvalid from pg_class join pg_index on indexrelid = oid
+   where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+     relname     | indisvalid 
+-----------------+------------
+ idxpart11_a_idx | t
+ idxpart1_a_idx  | t
+ idxpart_a_idx   | t
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- verify dependency handling during ALTER TABLE DETACH PARTITION
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+create index on idxpart1 (a);
+create index on idxpart (a);
+create table idxpart2 (like idxpart);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0000) to (1000);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table idxpart3 partition of idxpart for values from (2000) to (3000);
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+    relname     | relkind 
+----------------+---------
+ idxpart        | p
+ idxpart1       | r
+ idxpart1_a_idx | i
+ idxpart2       | r
+ idxpart2_a_idx | i
+ idxpart3       | r
+ idxpart3_a_idx | i
+ idxpart_a_idx  | I
+(8 rows)
+
+-- a) after detaching partitions, the indexes can be dropped independently
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart1;
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart2;
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart3;
+drop index idxpart1_a_idx;
+drop index idxpart2_a_idx;
+drop index idxpart3_a_idx;
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+    relname    | relkind 
+---------------+---------
+ idxpart       | p
+ idxpart1      | r
+ idxpart2      | r
+ idxpart3      | r
+ idxpart_a_idx | I
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart, idxpart1, idxpart2, idxpart3;
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+ relname | relkind 
+---------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+create index on idxpart1 (a);
+create index on idxpart (a);
+create table idxpart2 (like idxpart);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0000) to (1000);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table idxpart3 partition of idxpart for values from (2000) to (3000);
+-- b) after detaching, dropping the index on parent does not remove the others
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+    relname     | relkind 
+----------------+---------
+ idxpart        | p
+ idxpart1       | r
+ idxpart1_a_idx | i
+ idxpart2       | r
+ idxpart2_a_idx | i
+ idxpart3       | r
+ idxpart3_a_idx | i
+ idxpart_a_idx  | I
+(8 rows)
+
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart1;
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart2;
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart3;
+drop index idxpart_a_idx;
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+    relname     | relkind 
+----------------+---------
+ idxpart        | p
+ idxpart1       | r
+ idxpart1_a_idx | i
+ idxpart2       | r
+ idxpart2_a_idx | i
+ idxpart3       | r
+ idxpart3_a_idx | i
+(7 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart, idxpart1, idxpart2, idxpart3;
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+ relname | relkind 
+---------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c int) partition by range(a);
+create index on idxpart(c);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (250);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (250) to (500);
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart2;
+\d idxpart2
+              Table "public.idxpart2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart2_c_idx" btree (c)
+
+alter table idxpart2 drop column c;
+\d idxpart2
+              Table "public.idxpart2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+
+drop table idxpart, idxpart2;
+-- Verify that expression indexes inherit correctly
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+create index on idxpart1 ((a + b));
+create index on idxpart ((a + b));
+create table idxpart2 (like idxpart);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0000) to (1000);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table idxpart3 partition of idxpart for values from (2000) to (3000);
+select relname as child, inhparent::regclass as parent, pg_get_indexdef as childdef
+  from pg_class join pg_inherits on inhrelid = oid,
+  lateral pg_get_indexdef(pg_class.oid)
+  where relkind in ('i', 'I') and relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+       child       |      parent      |                                 childdef                                  
+-------------------+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ idxpart1_expr_idx | idxpart_expr_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_expr_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (((a + b)))
+ idxpart2_expr_idx | idxpart_expr_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart2_expr_idx ON public.idxpart2 USING btree (((a + b)))
+ idxpart3_expr_idx | idxpart_expr_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart3_expr_idx ON public.idxpart3 USING btree (((a + b)))
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Verify behavior for collation (mis)matches
+create table idxpart (a text) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+create table idxpart2 (like idxpart);
+create index on idxpart2 (a collate "POSIX");
+create index on idxpart2 (a);
+create index on idxpart2 (a collate "C");
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from ('aaa') to ('bbb');
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from ('bbb') to ('ccc');
+create table idxpart3 partition of idxpart for values from ('ccc') to ('ddd');
+create index on idxpart (a collate "C");
+create table idxpart4 partition of idxpart for values from ('ddd') to ('eee');
+select relname as child, inhparent::regclass as parent, pg_get_indexdef as childdef
+  from pg_class left join pg_inherits on inhrelid = oid,
+  lateral pg_get_indexdef(pg_class.oid)
+  where relkind in ('i', 'I') and relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+      child      |    parent     |                                    childdef                                    
+-----------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ idxpart1_a_idx  | idxpart_a_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_a_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (a COLLATE "C")
+ idxpart2_a_idx  |               | CREATE INDEX idxpart2_a_idx ON public.idxpart2 USING btree (a COLLATE "POSIX")
+ idxpart2_a_idx1 |               | CREATE INDEX idxpart2_a_idx1 ON public.idxpart2 USING btree (a)
+ idxpart2_a_idx2 | idxpart_a_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart2_a_idx2 ON public.idxpart2 USING btree (a COLLATE "C")
+ idxpart3_a_idx  | idxpart_a_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart3_a_idx ON public.idxpart3 USING btree (a COLLATE "C")
+ idxpart4_a_idx  | idxpart_a_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart4_a_idx ON public.idxpart4 USING btree (a COLLATE "C")
+ idxpart_a_idx   |               | CREATE INDEX idxpart_a_idx ON ONLY public.idxpart USING btree (a COLLATE "C")
+(7 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Verify behavior for opclass (mis)matches
+create table idxpart (a text) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+create table idxpart2 (like idxpart);
+create index on idxpart2 (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from ('aaa') to ('bbb');
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from ('bbb') to ('ccc');
+create table idxpart3 partition of idxpart for values from ('ccc') to ('ddd');
+create index on idxpart (a text_pattern_ops);
+create table idxpart4 partition of idxpart for values from ('ddd') to ('eee');
+-- must *not* have attached the index we created on idxpart2
+select relname as child, inhparent::regclass as parent, pg_get_indexdef as childdef
+  from pg_class left join pg_inherits on inhrelid = oid,
+  lateral pg_get_indexdef(pg_class.oid)
+  where relkind in ('i', 'I') and relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+      child      |    parent     |                                      childdef                                      
+-----------------+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ idxpart1_a_idx  | idxpart_a_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_a_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (a text_pattern_ops)
+ idxpart2_a_idx  |               | CREATE INDEX idxpart2_a_idx ON public.idxpart2 USING btree (a)
+ idxpart2_a_idx1 | idxpart_a_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart2_a_idx1 ON public.idxpart2 USING btree (a text_pattern_ops)
+ idxpart3_a_idx  | idxpart_a_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart3_a_idx ON public.idxpart3 USING btree (a text_pattern_ops)
+ idxpart4_a_idx  | idxpart_a_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart4_a_idx ON public.idxpart4 USING btree (a text_pattern_ops)
+ idxpart_a_idx   |               | CREATE INDEX idxpart_a_idx ON ONLY public.idxpart USING btree (a text_pattern_ops)
+(6 rows)
+
+drop index idxpart_a_idx;
+create index on only idxpart (a text_pattern_ops);
+-- must reject
+alter index idxpart_a_idx attach partition idxpart2_a_idx;
+ERROR:  cannot attach index "idxpart2_a_idx" as a partition of index "idxpart_a_idx"
+DETAIL:  The index definitions do not match.
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Verify that attaching indexes maps attribute numbers correctly
+create table idxpart (col1 int, a int, col2 int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (b int, col1 int, col2 int, col3 int, a int);
+alter table idxpart drop column col1, drop column col2;
+alter table idxpart1 drop column col1, drop column col2, drop column col3;
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+create index idxpart_1_idx on only idxpart (b, a);
+create index idxpart1_1_idx on idxpart1 (b, a);
+create index idxpart1_1b_idx on idxpart1 (b);
+-- test expressions and partial-index predicate, too
+create index idxpart_2_idx on only idxpart ((b + a)) where a > 1;
+create index idxpart1_2_idx on idxpart1 ((b + a)) where a > 1;
+create index idxpart1_2b_idx on idxpart1 ((a + b)) where a > 1;
+create index idxpart1_2c_idx on idxpart1 ((b + a)) where b > 1;
+alter index idxpart_1_idx attach partition idxpart1_1b_idx;	-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot attach index "idxpart1_1b_idx" as a partition of index "idxpart_1_idx"
+DETAIL:  The index definitions do not match.
+alter index idxpart_1_idx attach partition idxpart1_1_idx;
+alter index idxpart_2_idx attach partition idxpart1_2b_idx;	-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot attach index "idxpart1_2b_idx" as a partition of index "idxpart_2_idx"
+DETAIL:  The index definitions do not match.
+alter index idxpart_2_idx attach partition idxpart1_2c_idx;	-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot attach index "idxpart1_2c_idx" as a partition of index "idxpart_2_idx"
+DETAIL:  The index definitions do not match.
+alter index idxpart_2_idx attach partition idxpart1_2_idx;	-- ok
+select relname as child, inhparent::regclass as parent, pg_get_indexdef as childdef
+  from pg_class left join pg_inherits on inhrelid = oid,
+  lateral pg_get_indexdef(pg_class.oid)
+  where relkind in ('i', 'I') and relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+      child      |    parent     |                                        childdef                                         
+-----------------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ idxpart1_1_idx  | idxpart_1_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_1_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (b, a)
+ idxpart1_1b_idx |               | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_1b_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (b)
+ idxpart1_2_idx  | idxpart_2_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_2_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (((b + a))) WHERE (a > 1)
+ idxpart1_2b_idx |               | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_2b_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (((a + b))) WHERE (a > 1)
+ idxpart1_2c_idx |               | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_2c_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (((b + a))) WHERE (b > 1)
+ idxpart_1_idx   |               | CREATE INDEX idxpart_1_idx ON ONLY public.idxpart USING btree (b, a)
+ idxpart_2_idx   |               | CREATE INDEX idxpart_2_idx ON ONLY public.idxpart USING btree (((b + a))) WHERE (a > 1)
+(7 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Make sure the partition columns are mapped correctly
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text) partition by range (a);
+create index idxparti on idxpart (a);
+create index idxparti2 on idxpart (c, b);
+create table idxpart1 (c text, a int, b int);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (10);
+create table idxpart2 (c text, a int, b int);
+create index on idxpart2 (a);
+create index on idxpart2 (c, b);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (10) to (20);
+select c.relname, pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid)
+  from pg_class c join pg_index i on c.oid = i.indexrelid
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+     relname      |                           pg_get_indexdef                           
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ idxpart1_a_idx   | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_a_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (a)
+ idxpart1_c_b_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_c_b_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (c, b)
+ idxpart2_a_idx   | CREATE INDEX idxpart2_a_idx ON public.idxpart2 USING btree (a)
+ idxpart2_c_b_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart2_c_b_idx ON public.idxpart2 USING btree (c, b)
+ idxparti         | CREATE INDEX idxparti ON ONLY public.idxpart USING btree (a)
+ idxparti2        | CREATE INDEX idxparti2 ON ONLY public.idxpart USING btree (c, b)
+(6 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Verify that columns are mapped correctly in expression indexes
+create table idxpart (col1 int, col2 int, a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (col2 int, b int, col1 int, a int);
+create table idxpart2 (col1 int, col2 int, b int, a int);
+alter table idxpart drop column col1, drop column col2;
+alter table idxpart1 drop column col1, drop column col2;
+alter table idxpart2 drop column col1, drop column col2;
+create index on idxpart2 (abs(b));
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (0) to (1);
+create index on idxpart (abs(b));
+create index on idxpart ((b + 1));
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (1) to (2);
+select c.relname, pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid)
+  from pg_class c join pg_index i on c.oid = i.indexrelid
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+      relname      |                               pg_get_indexdef                                
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ idxpart1_abs_idx  | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_abs_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (abs(b))
+ idxpart1_expr_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_expr_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (((b + 1)))
+ idxpart2_abs_idx  | CREATE INDEX idxpart2_abs_idx ON public.idxpart2 USING btree (abs(b))
+ idxpart2_expr_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart2_expr_idx ON public.idxpart2 USING btree (((b + 1)))
+ idxpart_abs_idx   | CREATE INDEX idxpart_abs_idx ON ONLY public.idxpart USING btree (abs(b))
+ idxpart_expr_idx  | CREATE INDEX idxpart_expr_idx ON ONLY public.idxpart USING btree (((b + 1)))
+(6 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Verify that columns are mapped correctly for WHERE in a partial index
+create table idxpart (col1 int, a int, col3 int, b int) partition by range (a);
+alter table idxpart drop column col1, drop column col3;
+create table idxpart1 (col1 int, col2 int, col3 int, col4 int, b int, a int);
+alter table idxpart1 drop column col1, drop column col2, drop column col3, drop column col4;
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table idxpart2 (col1 int, col2 int, b int, a int);
+create index on idxpart2 (a) where b > 1000;
+alter table idxpart2 drop column col1, drop column col2;
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create index on idxpart (a) where b > 1000;
+select c.relname, pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid)
+  from pg_class c join pg_index i on c.oid = i.indexrelid
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+    relname     |                                  pg_get_indexdef                                   
+----------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ idxpart1_a_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart1_a_idx ON public.idxpart1 USING btree (a) WHERE (b > 1000)
+ idxpart2_a_idx | CREATE INDEX idxpart2_a_idx ON public.idxpart2 USING btree (a) WHERE (b > 1000)
+ idxpart_a_idx  | CREATE INDEX idxpart_a_idx ON ONLY public.idxpart USING btree (a) WHERE (b > 1000)
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Column number mapping: dropped columns in the partition
+create table idxpart1 (drop_1 int, drop_2 int, col_keep int, drop_3 int);
+alter table idxpart1 drop column drop_1;
+alter table idxpart1 drop column drop_2;
+alter table idxpart1 drop column drop_3;
+create index on idxpart1 (col_keep);
+create table idxpart (col_keep int) partition by range (col_keep);
+create index on idxpart (col_keep);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+\d idxpart
+         Partitioned table "public.idxpart"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ col_keep | integer |           |          | 
+Partition key: RANGE (col_keep)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart_col_keep_idx" btree (col_keep)
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d idxpart1
+               Table "public.idxpart1"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ col_keep | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1_col_keep_idx" btree (col_keep)
+
+select attrelid::regclass, attname, attnum from pg_attribute
+  where attrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%' and attnum > 0
+  order by attrelid::regclass, attnum;
+       attrelid        |           attname            | attnum 
+-----------------------+------------------------------+--------
+ idxpart1              | ........pg.dropped.1........ |      1
+ idxpart1              | ........pg.dropped.2........ |      2
+ idxpart1              | col_keep                     |      3
+ idxpart1              | ........pg.dropped.4........ |      4
+ idxpart1_col_keep_idx | col_keep                     |      1
+ idxpart               | col_keep                     |      1
+ idxpart_col_keep_idx  | col_keep                     |      1
+(7 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Column number mapping: dropped columns in the parent table
+create table idxpart(drop_1 int, drop_2 int, col_keep int, drop_3 int) partition by range (col_keep);
+alter table idxpart drop column drop_1;
+alter table idxpart drop column drop_2;
+alter table idxpart drop column drop_3;
+create table idxpart1 (col_keep int);
+create index on idxpart1 (col_keep);
+create index on idxpart (col_keep);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+\d idxpart
+         Partitioned table "public.idxpart"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ col_keep | integer |           |          | 
+Partition key: RANGE (col_keep)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart_col_keep_idx" btree (col_keep)
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d idxpart1
+               Table "public.idxpart1"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ col_keep | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1_col_keep_idx" btree (col_keep)
+
+select attrelid::regclass, attname, attnum from pg_attribute
+  where attrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%' and attnum > 0
+  order by attrelid::regclass, attnum;
+       attrelid        |           attname            | attnum 
+-----------------------+------------------------------+--------
+ idxpart               | ........pg.dropped.1........ |      1
+ idxpart               | ........pg.dropped.2........ |      2
+ idxpart               | col_keep                     |      3
+ idxpart               | ........pg.dropped.4........ |      4
+ idxpart1              | col_keep                     |      1
+ idxpart1_col_keep_idx | col_keep                     |      1
+ idxpart_col_keep_idx  | col_keep                     |      1
+(7 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+--
+-- Constraint-related indexes
+--
+-- Verify that it works to add primary key / unique to partitioned tables
+create table idxpart (a int primary key, b int) partition by range (a);
+\d idxpart
+        Partitioned table "public.idxpart"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition key: RANGE (a)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+Number of partitions: 0
+
+-- multiple primary key on child should fail
+create table failpart partition of idxpart (b primary key) for values from (0) to (100);
+ERROR:  multiple primary keys for table "failpart" are not allowed
+drop table idxpart;
+-- primary key on child is okay if there's no PK in the parent, though
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1pk partition of idxpart (a primary key) for values from (0) to (100);
+\d idxpart1pk
+             Table "public.idxpart1pk"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1pk_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Failing to use the full partition key is not allowed
+create table idxpart (a int unique, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+ERROR:  unique constraint on partitioned table must include all partitioning columns
+DETAIL:  UNIQUE constraint on table "idxpart" lacks column "b" which is part of the partition key.
+create table idxpart (a int, b int unique) partition by range (a, b);
+ERROR:  unique constraint on partitioned table must include all partitioning columns
+DETAIL:  UNIQUE constraint on table "idxpart" lacks column "a" which is part of the partition key.
+create table idxpart (a int primary key, b int) partition by range (b, a);
+ERROR:  unique constraint on partitioned table must include all partitioning columns
+DETAIL:  PRIMARY KEY constraint on table "idxpart" lacks column "b" which is part of the partition key.
+create table idxpart (a int, b int primary key) partition by range (b, a);
+ERROR:  unique constraint on partitioned table must include all partitioning columns
+DETAIL:  PRIMARY KEY constraint on table "idxpart" lacks column "a" which is part of the partition key.
+-- OK if you use them in some other order
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text, primary key  (a, b, c)) partition by range (b, c, a);
+drop table idxpart;
+-- not other types of index-based constraints
+create table idxpart (a int, exclude (a with = )) partition by range (a);
+ERROR:  exclusion constraints are not supported on partitioned tables
+LINE 1: create table idxpart (a int, exclude (a with = )) partition ...
+                                     ^
+-- no expressions in partition key for PK/UNIQUE
+create table idxpart (a int primary key, b int) partition by range ((b + a));
+ERROR:  unsupported PRIMARY KEY constraint with partition key definition
+DETAIL:  PRIMARY KEY constraints cannot be used when partition keys include expressions.
+create table idxpart (a int unique, b int) partition by range ((b + a));
+ERROR:  unsupported UNIQUE constraint with partition key definition
+DETAIL:  UNIQUE constraints cannot be used when partition keys include expressions.
+-- use ALTER TABLE to add a primary key
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text) partition by range (a, b);
+alter table idxpart add primary key (a);	-- not an incomplete one though
+ERROR:  unique constraint on partitioned table must include all partitioning columns
+DETAIL:  PRIMARY KEY constraint on table "idxpart" lacks column "b" which is part of the partition key.
+alter table idxpart add primary key (a, b);	-- this works
+\d idxpart
+        Partitioned table "public.idxpart"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+ b      | integer |           | not null | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+Partition key: RANGE (a, b)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a, b)
+Number of partitions: 0
+
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0, 0) to (1000, 1000);
+\d idxpart1
+              Table "public.idxpart1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           | not null | 
+ b      | integer |           | not null | 
+ c      | text    |           |          | 
+Partition of: idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (0, 0) TO (1000, 1000)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart1_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a, b)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- use ALTER TABLE to add a unique constraint
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+alter table idxpart add unique (a);			-- not an incomplete one though
+ERROR:  unique constraint on partitioned table must include all partitioning columns
+DETAIL:  UNIQUE constraint on table "idxpart" lacks column "b" which is part of the partition key.
+alter table idxpart add unique (b, a);		-- this works
+\d idxpart
+        Partitioned table "public.idxpart"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition key: RANGE (a, b)
+Indexes:
+    "idxpart_b_a_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (b, a)
+Number of partitions: 0
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Exclusion constraints cannot be added
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+alter table idxpart add exclude (a with =);
+ERROR:  exclusion constraints are not supported on partitioned tables
+LINE 1: alter table idxpart add exclude (a with =);
+                                ^
+drop table idxpart;
+-- When (sub)partitions are created, they also contain the constraint
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, primary key (a, b)) partition by range (a, b);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (1, 1) to (10, 10);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (10, 10) to (20, 20)
+  partition by range (b);
+create table idxpart21 partition of idxpart2 for values from (10) to (15);
+create table idxpart22 partition of idxpart2 for values from (15) to (20);
+create table idxpart3 (b int not null, a int not null);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart3 for values from (20, 20) to (30, 30);
+select conname, contype, conrelid::regclass, conindid::regclass, conkey
+  from pg_constraint where conrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by conname;
+    conname     | contype | conrelid  |    conindid    | conkey 
+----------------+---------+-----------+----------------+--------
+ idxpart1_pkey  | p       | idxpart1  | idxpart1_pkey  | {1,2}
+ idxpart21_pkey | p       | idxpart21 | idxpart21_pkey | {1,2}
+ idxpart22_pkey | p       | idxpart22 | idxpart22_pkey | {1,2}
+ idxpart2_pkey  | p       | idxpart2  | idxpart2_pkey  | {1,2}
+ idxpart3_pkey  | p       | idxpart3  | idxpart3_pkey  | {2,1}
+ idxpart_pkey   | p       | idxpart   | idxpart_pkey   | {1,2}
+(6 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Verify that multi-layer partitioning honors the requirement that all
+-- columns in the partition key must appear in primary/unique key
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, primary key (a)) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart
+for values from (0) to (1000) partition by range (b); -- fail
+ERROR:  unique constraint on partitioned table must include all partitioning columns
+DETAIL:  PRIMARY KEY constraint on table "idxpart2" lacks column "b" which is part of the partition key.
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Ditto for the ATTACH PARTITION case
+create table idxpart (a int unique, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (a int not null, b int, unique (a, b))
+  partition by range (a, b);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (1) to (1000);
+ERROR:  unique constraint on partitioned table must include all partitioning columns
+DETAIL:  UNIQUE constraint on table "idxpart1" lacks column "b" which is part of the partition key.
+DROP TABLE idxpart, idxpart1;
+-- Multi-layer partitioning works correctly in this case:
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, primary key (a, b)) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (1000) partition by range (b);
+create table idxpart21 partition of idxpart2 for values from (0) to (1000);
+select conname, contype, conrelid::regclass, conindid::regclass, conkey
+  from pg_constraint where conrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by conname;
+    conname     | contype | conrelid  |    conindid    | conkey 
+----------------+---------+-----------+----------------+--------
+ idxpart21_pkey | p       | idxpart21 | idxpart21_pkey | {1,2}
+ idxpart2_pkey  | p       | idxpart2  | idxpart2_pkey  | {1,2}
+ idxpart_pkey   | p       | idxpart   | idxpart_pkey   | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- If a partitioned table has a unique/PK constraint, then it's not possible
+-- to drop the corresponding constraint in the children; nor it's possible
+-- to drop the indexes individually.  Dropping the constraint in the parent
+-- gets rid of the lot.
+create table idxpart (i int) partition by hash (i);
+create table idxpart0 partition of idxpart (i) for values with (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart (i) for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+alter table idxpart0 add primary key(i);
+alter table idxpart add primary key(i);
+select indrelid::regclass, indexrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass, indisvalid,
+  conname, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit, convalidated
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  left join pg_constraint con on (idx.indexrelid = con.conindid)
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+ indrelid |  indexrelid   |  inhparent   | indisvalid |    conname    | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit | convalidated 
+----------+---------------+--------------+------------+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------
+ idxpart0 | idxpart0_pkey | idxpart_pkey | t          | idxpart0_pkey | f          |           1 | t            | t
+ idxpart1 | idxpart1_pkey | idxpart_pkey | t          | idxpart1_pkey | f          |           1 | f            | t
+ idxpart  | idxpart_pkey  |              | t          | idxpart_pkey  | t          |           0 | t            | t
+(3 rows)
+
+drop index idxpart0_pkey;								-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop index idxpart0_pkey because index idxpart_pkey requires it
+HINT:  You can drop index idxpart_pkey instead.
+drop index idxpart1_pkey;								-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop index idxpart1_pkey because index idxpart_pkey requires it
+HINT:  You can drop index idxpart_pkey instead.
+alter table idxpart0 drop constraint idxpart0_pkey;		-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "idxpart0_pkey" of relation "idxpart0"
+alter table idxpart1 drop constraint idxpart1_pkey;		-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "idxpart1_pkey" of relation "idxpart1"
+alter table idxpart drop constraint idxpart_pkey;		-- ok
+select indrelid::regclass, indexrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass, indisvalid,
+  conname, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit, convalidated
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  left join pg_constraint con on (idx.indexrelid = con.conindid)
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+ indrelid | indexrelid | inhparent | indisvalid | conname | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit | convalidated 
+----------+------------+-----------+------------+---------+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- If the partition to be attached already has a primary key, fail if
+-- it doesn't match the parent's PK.
+CREATE TABLE idxpart (c1 INT PRIMARY KEY, c2 INT, c3 VARCHAR(10)) PARTITION BY RANGE(c1);
+CREATE TABLE idxpart1 (LIKE idxpart);
+ALTER TABLE idxpart1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2);
+ALTER TABLE idxpart ATTACH PARTITION idxpart1 FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+ERROR:  multiple primary keys for table "idxpart1" are not allowed
+DROP TABLE idxpart, idxpart1;
+-- Ditto if there is some distance between the PKs (subpartitioning)
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, primary key (a)) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (a int not null, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart11 (a int not null, b int primary key);
+alter table idxpart1 attach partition idxpart11 for values from (0) to (1000);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (10000);
+ERROR:  multiple primary keys for table "idxpart11" are not allowed
+drop table idxpart, idxpart1, idxpart11;
+-- If a partitioned table has a constraint whose index is not valid,
+-- attaching a missing partition makes it valid.
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart0 (like idxpart);
+alter table idxpart0 add primary key (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart0 for values from (0) to (1000);
+alter table only idxpart add primary key (a);
+select indrelid::regclass, indexrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass, indisvalid,
+  conname, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit, convalidated
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  left join pg_constraint con on (idx.indexrelid = con.conindid)
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+ indrelid |  indexrelid   | inhparent | indisvalid |    conname    | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit | convalidated 
+----------+---------------+-----------+------------+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------
+ idxpart0 | idxpart0_pkey |           | t          | idxpart0_pkey | t          |           0 | t            | t
+ idxpart  | idxpart_pkey  |           | f          | idxpart_pkey  | t          |           0 | t            | t
+(2 rows)
+
+alter index idxpart_pkey attach partition idxpart0_pkey;
+select indrelid::regclass, indexrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass, indisvalid,
+  conname, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit, convalidated
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  left join pg_constraint con on (idx.indexrelid = con.conindid)
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+ indrelid |  indexrelid   |  inhparent   | indisvalid |    conname    | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit | convalidated 
+----------+---------------+--------------+------------+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------
+ idxpart0 | idxpart0_pkey | idxpart_pkey | t          | idxpart0_pkey | f          |           1 | t            | t
+ idxpart  | idxpart_pkey  |              | t          | idxpart_pkey  | t          |           0 | t            | t
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Related to the above scenario: ADD PRIMARY KEY on the parent mustn't
+-- automatically propagate NOT NULL to child columns.
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart0 (like idxpart);
+alter table idxpart0 add unique (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart0 default;
+alter table only idxpart add primary key (a);  -- fail, no NOT NULL constraint
+ERROR:  constraint must be added to child tables too
+DETAIL:  Column "a" of relation "idxpart0" is not already NOT NULL.
+HINT:  Do not specify the ONLY keyword.
+alter table idxpart0 alter column a set not null;
+alter table only idxpart add primary key (a);  -- now it works
+alter table idxpart0 alter column a drop not null;  -- fail, pkey needs it
+ERROR:  column "a" is marked NOT NULL in parent table
+drop table idxpart;
+-- if a partition has a unique index without a constraint, does not attach
+-- automatically; creates a new index instead.
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (a int not null, b int);
+create unique index on idxpart1 (a);
+alter table idxpart add primary key (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (1) to (1000);
+select indrelid::regclass, indexrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass, indisvalid,
+  conname, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit, convalidated
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  left join pg_constraint con on (idx.indexrelid = con.conindid)
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+ indrelid |   indexrelid   |  inhparent   | indisvalid |    conname    | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit | convalidated 
+----------+----------------+--------------+------------+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------
+ idxpart1 | idxpart1_a_idx |              | t          |               |            |             |              | 
+ idxpart1 | idxpart1_pkey  | idxpart_pkey | t          | idxpart1_pkey | f          |           1 | f            | t
+ idxpart  | idxpart_pkey   |              | t          | idxpart_pkey  | t          |           0 | t            | t
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Can't attach an index without a corresponding constraint
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (a int not null, b int);
+create unique index on idxpart1 (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (1) to (1000);
+alter table only idxpart add primary key (a);
+alter index idxpart_pkey attach partition idxpart1_a_idx;	-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot attach index "idxpart1_a_idx" as a partition of index "idxpart_pkey"
+DETAIL:  The index "idxpart_pkey" belongs to a constraint in table "idxpart" but no constraint exists for index "idxpart1_a_idx".
+drop table idxpart;
+-- Test that unique constraints are working
+create table idxpart (a int, b text, primary key (a, b)) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (100000);
+create table idxpart2 (c int, like idxpart);
+insert into idxpart2 (c, a, b) values (42, 572814, 'inserted first');
+alter table idxpart2 drop column c;
+create unique index on idxpart (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (100000) to (1000000);
+insert into idxpart values (0, 'zero'), (42, 'life'), (2^16, 'sixteen');
+insert into idxpart select 2^g, format('two to power of %s', g) from generate_series(15, 17) g;
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "idxpart1_a_idx"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(65536) already exists.
+insert into idxpart values (16, 'sixteen');
+insert into idxpart (b, a) values ('one', 142857), ('two', 285714);
+insert into idxpart select a * 2, b || b from idxpart where a between 2^16 and 2^19;
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "idxpart2_a_idx"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(285714) already exists.
+insert into idxpart values (572814, 'five');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "idxpart2_a_idx"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(572814) already exists.
+insert into idxpart values (857142, 'six');
+select tableoid::regclass, * from idxpart order by a;
+ tableoid |   a    |       b        
+----------+--------+----------------
+ idxpart1 |      0 | zero
+ idxpart1 |     16 | sixteen
+ idxpart1 |     42 | life
+ idxpart1 |  65536 | sixteen
+ idxpart2 | 142857 | one
+ idxpart2 | 285714 | two
+ idxpart2 | 572814 | inserted first
+ idxpart2 | 857142 | six
+(8 rows)
+
+drop table idxpart;
+-- intentionally leave some objects around
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (100);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (100) to (1000)
+  partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart21 partition of idxpart2 for values from (100) to (200);
+create table idxpart22 partition of idxpart2 for values from (200) to (300);
+create index on idxpart22 (a);
+create index on only idxpart2 (a);
+alter index idxpart2_a_idx attach partition idxpart22_a_idx;
+create index on idxpart (a);
+create table idxpart_another (a int, b int, primary key (a, b)) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart_another_1 partition of idxpart_another for values from (0) to (100);
+create table idxpart3 (c int, b int, a int) partition by range (a);
+alter table idxpart3 drop column b, drop column c;
+create table idxpart31 partition of idxpart3 for values from (1000) to (1200);
+create table idxpart32 partition of idxpart3 for values from (1200) to (1400);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart3 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+-- More objects intentionally left behind, to verify some pg_dump/pg_upgrade
+-- behavior; see https://postgr.es/m/20190321204928.GA17535@alvherre.pgsql
+create schema regress_indexing;
+set search_path to regress_indexing;
+create table pk (a int primary key) partition by range (a);
+create table pk1 partition of pk for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table pk2 (b int, a int);
+alter table pk2 drop column b;
+alter table pk2 alter a set not null;
+alter table pk attach partition pk2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table pk3 partition of pk for values from (2000) to (3000);
+create table pk4 (like pk);
+alter table pk attach partition pk4 for values from (3000) to (4000);
+create table pk5 (like pk) partition by range (a);
+create table pk51 partition of pk5 for values from (4000) to (4500);
+create table pk52 partition of pk5 for values from (4500) to (5000);
+alter table pk attach partition pk5 for values from (4000) to (5000);
+reset search_path;
+-- Test that covering partitioned indexes work in various cases
+create table covidxpart (a int, b int) partition by list (a);
+create unique index on covidxpart (a) include (b);
+create table covidxpart1 partition of covidxpart for values in (1);
+create table covidxpart2 partition of covidxpart for values in (2);
+insert into covidxpart values (1, 1);
+insert into covidxpart values (1, 1);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "covidxpart1_a_b_idx"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) already exists.
+create table covidxpart3 (b int, c int, a int);
+alter table covidxpart3 drop c;
+alter table covidxpart attach partition covidxpart3 for values in (3);
+insert into covidxpart values (3, 1);
+insert into covidxpart values (3, 1);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "covidxpart3_a_b_idx"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(3) already exists.
+create table covidxpart4 (b int, a int);
+create unique index on covidxpart4 (a) include (b);
+create unique index on covidxpart4 (a);
+alter table covidxpart attach partition covidxpart4 for values in (4);
+insert into covidxpart values (4, 1);
+insert into covidxpart values (4, 1);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "covidxpart4_a_b_idx"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(4) already exists.
+create unique index on covidxpart (b) include (a); -- should fail
+ERROR:  unique constraint on partitioned table must include all partitioning columns
+DETAIL:  UNIQUE constraint on table "covidxpart" lacks column "a" which is part of the partition key.
+-- check that detaching a partition also detaches the primary key constraint
+create table parted_pk_detach_test (a int primary key) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_pk_detach_test1 partition of parted_pk_detach_test for values in (1);
+alter table parted_pk_detach_test1 drop constraint parted_pk_detach_test1_pkey;	-- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "parted_pk_detach_test1_pkey" of relation "parted_pk_detach_test1"
+alter table parted_pk_detach_test detach partition parted_pk_detach_test1;
+alter table parted_pk_detach_test1 drop constraint parted_pk_detach_test1_pkey;
+drop table parted_pk_detach_test, parted_pk_detach_test1;
+create table parted_uniq_detach_test (a int unique) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_uniq_detach_test1 partition of parted_uniq_detach_test for values in (1);
+alter table parted_uniq_detach_test1 drop constraint parted_uniq_detach_test1_a_key;	-- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "parted_uniq_detach_test1_a_key" of relation "parted_uniq_detach_test1"
+alter table parted_uniq_detach_test detach partition parted_uniq_detach_test1;
+alter table parted_uniq_detach_test1 drop constraint parted_uniq_detach_test1_a_key;
+drop table parted_uniq_detach_test, parted_uniq_detach_test1;
+-- check that dropping a column takes with it any partitioned indexes
+-- depending on it.
+create table parted_index_col_drop(a int, b int, c int)
+  partition by list (a);
+create table parted_index_col_drop1 partition of parted_index_col_drop
+  for values in (1) partition by list (a);
+-- leave this partition without children.
+create table parted_index_col_drop2 partition of parted_index_col_drop
+  for values in (2) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_index_col_drop11 partition of parted_index_col_drop1
+  for values in (1);
+create index on parted_index_col_drop (b);
+create index on parted_index_col_drop (c);
+create index on parted_index_col_drop (b, c);
+alter table parted_index_col_drop drop column c;
+\d parted_index_col_drop
+ Partitioned table "public.parted_index_col_drop"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition key: LIST (a)
+Indexes:
+    "parted_index_col_drop_b_idx" btree (b)
+Number of partitions: 2 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d parted_index_col_drop1
+ Partitioned table "public.parted_index_col_drop1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: parted_index_col_drop FOR VALUES IN (1)
+Partition key: LIST (a)
+Indexes:
+    "parted_index_col_drop1_b_idx" btree (b)
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d parted_index_col_drop2
+ Partitioned table "public.parted_index_col_drop2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: parted_index_col_drop FOR VALUES IN (2)
+Partition key: LIST (a)
+Indexes:
+    "parted_index_col_drop2_b_idx" btree (b)
+Number of partitions: 0
+
+\d parted_index_col_drop11
+      Table "public.parted_index_col_drop11"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: parted_index_col_drop1 FOR VALUES IN (1)
+Indexes:
+    "parted_index_col_drop11_b_idx" btree (b)
+
+drop table parted_index_col_drop;
+-- Check that invalid indexes are not selected when attaching a partition.
+create table parted_inval_tab (a int) partition by range (a);
+create index parted_inval_idx on parted_inval_tab (a);
+create table parted_inval_tab_1 (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_inval_tab_1_1 partition of parted_inval_tab_1
+  for values from (0) to (10);
+create table parted_inval_tab_1_2 partition of parted_inval_tab_1
+  for values from (10) to (20);
+-- this creates an invalid index.
+create index parted_inval_ixd_1 on only parted_inval_tab_1 (a);
+-- this creates new indexes for all the partitions of parted_inval_tab_1,
+-- discarding the invalid index created previously as what is chosen.
+alter table parted_inval_tab attach partition parted_inval_tab_1
+  for values from (1) to (100);
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisvalid,
+       indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join
+       pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'parted_inval%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+         indexrelid         | indisvalid |       indrelid       |        inhparent         
+----------------------------+------------+----------------------+--------------------------
+ parted_inval_idx           | t          | parted_inval_tab     | 
+ parted_inval_ixd_1         | f          | parted_inval_tab_1   | 
+ parted_inval_tab_1_1_a_idx | t          | parted_inval_tab_1_1 | parted_inval_tab_1_a_idx
+ parted_inval_tab_1_2_a_idx | t          | parted_inval_tab_1_2 | parted_inval_tab_1_a_idx
+ parted_inval_tab_1_a_idx   | t          | parted_inval_tab_1   | parted_inval_idx
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table parted_inval_tab;
+-- Check setup of indisvalid across a complex partition tree on index
+-- creation.  If one index in a partition index is invalid, so should its
+-- partitioned index.
+create table parted_isvalid_tab (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_isvalid_tab_1 partition of parted_isvalid_tab
+  for values from (1) to (10) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_isvalid_tab_2 partition of parted_isvalid_tab
+  for values from (10) to (20) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_isvalid_tab_11 partition of parted_isvalid_tab_1
+  for values from (1) to (5);
+create table parted_isvalid_tab_12 partition of parted_isvalid_tab_1
+  for values from (5) to (10);
+-- create an invalid index on one of the partitions.
+insert into parted_isvalid_tab_11 values (1, 0);
+create index concurrently parted_isvalid_idx_11 on parted_isvalid_tab_11 ((a/b));
+ERROR:  division by zero
+-- The previous invalid index is selected, invalidating all the indexes up to
+-- the top-most parent.
+create index parted_isvalid_idx on parted_isvalid_tab ((a/b));
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisvalid,
+       indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join
+       pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'parted_isvalid%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+           indexrelid           | indisvalid |       indrelid        |           inhparent           
+--------------------------------+------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------
+ parted_isvalid_idx             | f          | parted_isvalid_tab    | 
+ parted_isvalid_idx_11          | f          | parted_isvalid_tab_11 | parted_isvalid_tab_1_expr_idx
+ parted_isvalid_tab_12_expr_idx | t          | parted_isvalid_tab_12 | parted_isvalid_tab_1_expr_idx
+ parted_isvalid_tab_1_expr_idx  | f          | parted_isvalid_tab_1  | parted_isvalid_idx
+ parted_isvalid_tab_2_expr_idx  | t          | parted_isvalid_tab_2  | parted_isvalid_idx
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table parted_isvalid_tab;
+-- Check state of replica indexes when attaching a partition.
+begin;
+create table parted_replica_tab (id int not null) partition by range (id);
+create table parted_replica_tab_1 partition of parted_replica_tab
+  for values from (1) to (10) partition by range (id);
+create table parted_replica_tab_11 partition of parted_replica_tab_1
+  for values from (1) to (5);
+create unique index parted_replica_idx
+  on only parted_replica_tab using btree (id);
+create unique index parted_replica_idx_1
+  on only parted_replica_tab_1 using btree (id);
+-- This triggers an update of pg_index.indisreplident for parted_replica_idx.
+alter table only parted_replica_tab_1 replica identity
+  using index parted_replica_idx_1;
+create unique index parted_replica_idx_11 on parted_replica_tab_11 USING btree (id);
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisvalid, indisreplident,
+       indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join
+       pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'parted_replica%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+      indexrelid       | indisvalid | indisreplident |       indrelid        | inhparent 
+-----------------------+------------+----------------+-----------------------+-----------
+ parted_replica_idx    | f          | f              | parted_replica_tab    | 
+ parted_replica_idx_1  | f          | t              | parted_replica_tab_1  | 
+ parted_replica_idx_11 | t          | f              | parted_replica_tab_11 | 
+(3 rows)
+
+-- parted_replica_idx is not valid yet here, because parted_replica_idx_1
+-- is not valid.
+alter index parted_replica_idx ATTACH PARTITION parted_replica_idx_1;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisvalid, indisreplident,
+       indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join
+       pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'parted_replica%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+      indexrelid       | indisvalid | indisreplident |       indrelid        |     inhparent      
+-----------------------+------------+----------------+-----------------------+--------------------
+ parted_replica_idx    | f          | f              | parted_replica_tab    | 
+ parted_replica_idx_1  | f          | t              | parted_replica_tab_1  | parted_replica_idx
+ parted_replica_idx_11 | t          | f              | parted_replica_tab_11 | 
+(3 rows)
+
+-- parted_replica_idx becomes valid here.
+alter index parted_replica_idx_1 ATTACH PARTITION parted_replica_idx_11;
+alter table only parted_replica_tab_1 replica identity
+  using index parted_replica_idx_1;
+commit;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisvalid, indisreplident,
+       indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join
+       pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'parted_replica%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+      indexrelid       | indisvalid | indisreplident |       indrelid        |      inhparent       
+-----------------------+------------+----------------+-----------------------+----------------------
+ parted_replica_idx    | t          | f              | parted_replica_tab    | 
+ parted_replica_idx_1  | t          | t              | parted_replica_tab_1  | parted_replica_idx
+ parted_replica_idx_11 | t          | f              | parted_replica_tab_11 | parted_replica_idx_1
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table parted_replica_tab;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/indirect_toast.out b/src/test/regress/expected/indirect_toast.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44b54dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/indirect_toast.out
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+--
+-- Tests for external toast datums
+--
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+CREATE FUNCTION make_tuple_indirect (record)
+        RETURNS record
+        AS :'regresslib'
+        LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+-- Other compression algorithms may cause the compressed data to be stored
+-- inline.  pglz guarantees that the data is externalized, so stick to it.
+SET default_toast_compression = 'pglz';
+CREATE TABLE indtoasttest(descr text, cnt int DEFAULT 0, f1 text, f2 text);
+INSERT INTO indtoasttest(descr, f1, f2) VALUES('two-compressed', repeat('1234567890',1000), repeat('1234567890',1000));
+INSERT INTO indtoasttest(descr, f1, f2) VALUES('two-toasted', repeat('1234567890',30000), repeat('1234567890',50000));
+INSERT INTO indtoasttest(descr, f1, f2) VALUES('one-compressed,one-null', NULL, repeat('1234567890',1000));
+INSERT INTO indtoasttest(descr, f1, f2) VALUES('one-toasted,one-null', NULL, repeat('1234567890',50000));
+-- check whether indirect tuples works on the most basic level
+SELECT descr, substring(make_tuple_indirect(indtoasttest)::text, 1, 200) FROM indtoasttest;
+          descr          |                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ two-compressed          | (two-compressed,0,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012
+ two-toasted             | (two-toasted,0,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345
+ one-compressed,one-null | ("one-compressed,one-null",0,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ one-toasted,one-null    | ("one-toasted,one-null",0,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+(4 rows)
+
+-- modification without changing varlenas
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1 RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,1,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012
+ (two-toasted,1,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",1,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",1,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+(4 rows)
+
+-- modification without modifying assigned value
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = f1 RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,2,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012
+ (two-toasted,2,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",2,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",2,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+(4 rows)
+
+-- modification modifying, but effectively not changing
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = f1||'' RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,3,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012
+ (two-toasted,3,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",3,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",3,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = '-'||f1||'-' RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,4,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901
+ (two-toasted,4,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",4,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",4,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200) FROM indtoasttest;
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,4,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901
+ (two-toasted,4,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",4,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",4,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+(4 rows)
+
+-- check we didn't screw with main/toast tuple visibility
+VACUUM FREEZE indtoasttest;
+SELECT substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200) FROM indtoasttest;
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,4,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901
+ (two-toasted,4,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",4,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",4,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+(4 rows)
+
+-- now create a trigger that forces all Datums to be indirect ones
+CREATE FUNCTION update_using_indirect()
+        RETURNS trigger
+        LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+    NEW := make_tuple_indirect(NEW);
+    RETURN NEW;
+END$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER indtoasttest_update_indirect
+        BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE
+        ON indtoasttest
+        FOR EACH ROW
+        EXECUTE PROCEDURE update_using_indirect();
+-- modification without changing varlenas
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1 RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,5,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901
+ (two-toasted,5,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",5,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",5,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+(4 rows)
+
+-- modification without modifying assigned value
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = f1 RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,6,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901
+ (two-toasted,6,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",6,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",6,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+(4 rows)
+
+-- modification modifying, but effectively not changing
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = f1||'' RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,7,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901
+ (two-toasted,7,-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",7,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",7,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = '-'||f1||'-' RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,8,--123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ (two-toasted,8,--123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",8,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",8,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+(4 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO indtoasttest(descr, f1, f2) VALUES('one-toasted,one-null, via indirect', repeat('1234567890',30000), NULL);
+SELECT substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200) FROM indtoasttest;
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,8,--123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ (two-toasted,8,--123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",8,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",8,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+ ("one-toasted,one-null, via indirect",0,1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check we didn't screw with main/toast tuple visibility
+VACUUM FREEZE indtoasttest;
+SELECT substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200) FROM indtoasttest;
+                                                                                                substring                                                                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ (two-compressed,8,--123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ (two-toasted,8,--123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+ ("one-compressed,one-null",8,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+ ("one-toasted,one-null",8,,12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
+ ("one-toasted,one-null, via indirect",0,1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE indtoasttest;
+DROP FUNCTION update_using_indirect();
+RESET default_toast_compression;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/inet.out b/src/test/regress/expected/inet.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5bf9e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/inet.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1058 @@
+--
+-- INET
+--
+-- prepare the table...
+DROP TABLE INET_TBL;
+ERROR:  table "inet_tbl" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE INET_TBL (c cidr, i inet);
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.226/24');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1.0/26', '192.168.1.226');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.0/24');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.0/25');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.255/24');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.255/25');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '10.1.2.3/8');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.0.0.0', '10.1.2.3/8');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.1.2.3', '10.1.2.3/32');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.1.2', '10.1.2.3/24');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.1', '10.1.2.3/16');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '10.1.2.3/8');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '11.1.2.3/8');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '9.1.2.3/8');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10:23::f1', '10:23::f1/64');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10:23::8000/113', '10:23::ffff');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('::ffff:1.2.3.4', '::4.3.2.1/24');
+-- check that CIDR rejects invalid input:
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1.2/30', '192.168.1.226');
+ERROR:  invalid cidr value: "192.168.1.2/30"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1.2/30', '192.1...
+                                            ^
+DETAIL:  Value has bits set to right of mask.
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('1234::1234::1234', '::1.2.3.4');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type cidr: "1234::1234::1234"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('1234::1234::1234', '::1...
+                                            ^
+-- check that CIDR rejects invalid input when converting from text:
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES (cidr('192.168.1.2/30'), '192.168.1.226');
+ERROR:  invalid cidr value: "192.168.1.2/30"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES (cidr('192.168.1.2/30'), ...
+                                                 ^
+DETAIL:  Value has bits set to right of mask.
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES (cidr('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::/24'), '::192.168.1.226');
+ERROR:  invalid cidr value: "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::/24"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES (cidr('ffff:ffff:ffff:fff...
+                                                 ^
+DETAIL:  Value has bits set to right of mask.
+SELECT c AS cidr, i AS inet FROM INET_TBL;
+        cidr        |       inet       
+--------------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.226
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/32        | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.1.2.3/32        | 10.1.2.3
+ 10.1.2.0/24        | 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.0.0/16        | 10.1.2.3/16
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 11.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 9.1.2.3/8
+ 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1/64
+ 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::ffff
+ ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24
+(17 rows)
+
+-- now test some support functions
+SELECT i AS inet, host(i), text(i), family(i) FROM INET_TBL;
+       inet       |     host      |       text       | family 
+------------------+---------------+------------------+--------
+ 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.226/24 |      4
+ 192.168.1.226    | 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.226/32 |      4
+ 192.168.1.0/24   | 192.168.1.0   | 192.168.1.0/24   |      4
+ 192.168.1.0/25   | 192.168.1.0   | 192.168.1.0/25   |      4
+ 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.255 | 192.168.1.255/24 |      4
+ 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.255 | 192.168.1.255/25 |      4
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.1.2.3      | 10.1.2.3/8       |      4
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.1.2.3      | 10.1.2.3/8       |      4
+ 10.1.2.3         | 10.1.2.3      | 10.1.2.3/32      |      4
+ 10.1.2.3/24      | 10.1.2.3      | 10.1.2.3/24      |      4
+ 10.1.2.3/16      | 10.1.2.3      | 10.1.2.3/16      |      4
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.1.2.3      | 10.1.2.3/8       |      4
+ 11.1.2.3/8       | 11.1.2.3      | 11.1.2.3/8       |      4
+ 9.1.2.3/8        | 9.1.2.3       | 9.1.2.3/8        |      4
+ 10:23::f1/64     | 10:23::f1     | 10:23::f1/64     |      6
+ 10:23::ffff      | 10:23::ffff   | 10:23::ffff/128  |      6
+ ::4.3.2.1/24     | ::4.3.2.1     | ::4.3.2.1/24     |      6
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT c AS cidr, abbrev(c) FROM INET_TBL;
+        cidr        |       abbrev       
+--------------------+--------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1/24
+ 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.0/26
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1/24
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10/8
+ 10.0.0.0/32        | 10.0.0.0/32
+ 10.1.2.3/32        | 10.1.2.3/32
+ 10.1.2.0/24        | 10.1.2/24
+ 10.1.0.0/16        | 10.1/16
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10/8
+ 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1/128
+ 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::8000/113
+ ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT c AS cidr, broadcast(c),
+  i AS inet, broadcast(i) FROM INET_TBL;
+        cidr        |    broadcast     |       inet       |               broadcast               
+--------------------+------------------+------------------+---------------------------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.63/26  | 192.168.1.226    | 192.168.1.226
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24   | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/25   | 192.168.1.127/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.255.255.255/8 | 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.255.255.255/8
+ 10.0.0.0/32        | 10.0.0.0         | 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.255.255.255/8
+ 10.1.2.3/32        | 10.1.2.3         | 10.1.2.3         | 10.1.2.3
+ 10.1.2.0/24        | 10.1.2.255/24    | 10.1.2.3/24      | 10.1.2.255/24
+ 10.1.0.0/16        | 10.1.255.255/16  | 10.1.2.3/16      | 10.1.255.255/16
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.255.255.255/8 | 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.255.255.255/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.255.255.255/8 | 11.1.2.3/8       | 11.255.255.255/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.255.255.255/8 | 9.1.2.3/8        | 9.255.255.255/8
+ 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1        | 10:23::f1/64     | 10:23::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/64
+ 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::ffff/113  | 10:23::ffff      | 10:23::ffff
+ ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::ffff:1.2.3.4   | ::4.3.2.1/24     | 0:ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/24
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT c AS cidr, network(c) AS "network(cidr)",
+  i AS inet, network(i) AS "network(inet)" FROM INET_TBL;
+        cidr        |   network(cidr)    |       inet       |  network(inet)   
+--------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.226    | 192.168.1.226/32
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24   | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/25   | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.128/25
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8
+ 10.0.0.0/32        | 10.0.0.0/32        | 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8
+ 10.1.2.3/32        | 10.1.2.3/32        | 10.1.2.3         | 10.1.2.3/32
+ 10.1.2.0/24        | 10.1.2.0/24        | 10.1.2.3/24      | 10.1.2.0/24
+ 10.1.0.0/16        | 10.1.0.0/16        | 10.1.2.3/16      | 10.1.0.0/16
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.0.0.0/8         | 11.1.2.3/8       | 11.0.0.0/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.0.0.0/8         | 9.1.2.3/8        | 9.0.0.0/8
+ 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1/64     | 10:23::/64
+ 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::ffff      | 10:23::ffff/128
+ ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24     | ::/24
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT c AS cidr, masklen(c) AS "masklen(cidr)",
+  i AS inet, masklen(i) AS "masklen(inet)" FROM INET_TBL;
+        cidr        | masklen(cidr) |       inet       | masklen(inet) 
+--------------------+---------------+------------------+---------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24     |            24 | 192.168.1.226/24 |            24
+ 192.168.1.0/26     |            26 | 192.168.1.226    |            32
+ 192.168.1.0/24     |            24 | 192.168.1.0/24   |            24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     |            24 | 192.168.1.0/25   |            25
+ 192.168.1.0/24     |            24 | 192.168.1.255/24 |            24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     |            24 | 192.168.1.255/25 |            25
+ 10.0.0.0/8         |             8 | 10.1.2.3/8       |             8
+ 10.0.0.0/32        |            32 | 10.1.2.3/8       |             8
+ 10.1.2.3/32        |            32 | 10.1.2.3         |            32
+ 10.1.2.0/24        |            24 | 10.1.2.3/24      |            24
+ 10.1.0.0/16        |            16 | 10.1.2.3/16      |            16
+ 10.0.0.0/8         |             8 | 10.1.2.3/8       |             8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         |             8 | 11.1.2.3/8       |             8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         |             8 | 9.1.2.3/8        |             8
+ 10:23::f1/128      |           128 | 10:23::f1/64     |            64
+ 10:23::8000/113    |           113 | 10:23::ffff      |           128
+ ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 |           128 | ::4.3.2.1/24     |            24
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT c AS cidr, masklen(c) AS "masklen(cidr)",
+  i AS inet, masklen(i) AS "masklen(inet)" FROM INET_TBL
+  WHERE masklen(c) <= 8;
+    cidr    | masklen(cidr) |    inet    | masklen(inet) 
+------------+---------------+------------+---------------
+ 10.0.0.0/8 |             8 | 10.1.2.3/8 |             8
+ 10.0.0.0/8 |             8 | 10.1.2.3/8 |             8
+ 10.0.0.0/8 |             8 | 11.1.2.3/8 |             8
+ 10.0.0.0/8 |             8 | 9.1.2.3/8  |             8
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT c AS cidr, i AS inet FROM INET_TBL
+  WHERE c = i;
+      cidr      |      inet      
+----------------+----------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 10.1.2.3/32    | 10.1.2.3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT i, c,
+  i < c AS lt, i <= c AS le, i = c AS eq,
+  i >= c AS ge, i > c AS gt, i <> c AS ne,
+  i << c AS sb, i <<= c AS sbe,
+  i >> c AS sup, i >>= c AS spe,
+  i && c AS ovr
+  FROM INET_TBL;
+        i         |         c          | lt | le | eq | ge | gt | ne | sb | sbe | sup | spe | ovr 
+------------------+--------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----
+ 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.0/24     | f  | f  | f  | t  | t  | t  | f  | t   | f   | t   | t
+ 192.168.1.226    | 192.168.1.0/26     | f  | f  | f  | t  | t  | t  | f  | f   | f   | f   | f
+ 192.168.1.0/24   | 192.168.1.0/24     | f  | t  | t  | t  | f  | f  | f  | t   | f   | t   | t
+ 192.168.1.0/25   | 192.168.1.0/24     | f  | f  | f  | t  | t  | t  | t  | t   | f   | f   | t
+ 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24     | f  | f  | f  | t  | t  | t  | f  | t   | f   | t   | t
+ 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.0/24     | f  | f  | f  | t  | t  | t  | t  | t   | f   | f   | t
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         | f  | f  | f  | t  | t  | t  | f  | t   | f   | t   | t
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/32        | t  | t  | f  | f  | f  | t  | f  | f   | t   | t   | t
+ 10.1.2.3         | 10.1.2.3/32        | f  | t  | t  | t  | f  | f  | f  | t   | f   | t   | t
+ 10.1.2.3/24      | 10.1.2.0/24        | f  | f  | f  | t  | t  | t  | f  | t   | f   | t   | t
+ 10.1.2.3/16      | 10.1.0.0/16        | f  | f  | f  | t  | t  | t  | f  | t   | f   | t   | t
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         | f  | f  | f  | t  | t  | t  | f  | t   | f   | t   | t
+ 11.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         | f  | f  | f  | t  | t  | t  | f  | f   | f   | f   | f
+ 9.1.2.3/8        | 10.0.0.0/8         | t  | t  | f  | f  | f  | t  | f  | f   | f   | f   | f
+ 10:23::f1/64     | 10:23::f1/128      | t  | t  | f  | f  | f  | t  | f  | f   | t   | t   | t
+ 10:23::ffff      | 10:23::8000/113    | f  | f  | f  | t  | t  | t  | t  | t   | f   | f   | t
+ ::4.3.2.1/24     | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | t  | t  | f  | f  | f  | t  | f  | f   | t   | t   | t
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT max(i) AS max, min(i) AS min FROM INET_TBL;
+     max     |    min    
+-------------+-----------
+ 10:23::ffff | 9.1.2.3/8
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT max(c) AS max, min(c) AS min FROM INET_TBL;
+       max       |    min     
+-----------------+------------
+ 10:23::8000/113 | 10.0.0.0/8
+(1 row)
+
+-- check the conversion to/from text and set_netmask
+SELECT set_masklen(inet(text(i)), 24) FROM INET_TBL;
+   set_masklen    
+------------------
+ 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.255/24
+ 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/24
+ 11.1.2.3/24
+ 9.1.2.3/24
+ 10:23::f1/24
+ 10:23::ffff/24
+ ::4.3.2.1/24
+(17 rows)
+
+-- check that btree index works correctly
+CREATE INDEX inet_idx1 ON inet_tbl(i);
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i<<'192.168.1.0/24'::cidr;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using inet_idx1 on inet_tbl
+   Index Cond: ((i > '192.168.1.0/24'::inet) AND (i <= '192.168.1.255'::inet))
+   Filter: (i << '192.168.1.0/24'::inet)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i<<'192.168.1.0/24'::cidr;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i<<='192.168.1.0/24'::cidr;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using inet_idx1 on inet_tbl
+   Index Cond: ((i >= '192.168.1.0/24'::inet) AND (i <= '192.168.1.255'::inet))
+   Filter: (i <<= '192.168.1.0/24'::inet)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i<<='192.168.1.0/24'::cidr;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226
+(6 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr >>= i;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using inet_idx1 on inet_tbl
+   Index Cond: ((i >= '192.168.1.0/24'::inet) AND (i <= '192.168.1.255'::inet))
+   Filter: ('192.168.1.0/24'::inet >>= i)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr >>= i;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226
+(6 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr >> i;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using inet_idx1 on inet_tbl
+   Index Cond: ((i > '192.168.1.0/24'::inet) AND (i <= '192.168.1.255'::inet))
+   Filter: ('192.168.1.0/24'::inet >> i)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr >> i;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226
+(3 rows)
+
+SET enable_seqscan TO on;
+DROP INDEX inet_idx1;
+-- check that gist index works correctly
+CREATE INDEX inet_idx2 ON inet_tbl using gist (i inet_ops);
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <<= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i && '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >>= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+ c | i 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i < '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+      c      |      i      
+-------------+-------------
+ 10.0.0.0/8  | 9.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8  | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8  | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.2.3/16
+ 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3
+ 10.0.0.0/8  | 11.1.2.3/8
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |       i        
+----------------+----------------
+ 10.0.0.0/8     | 9.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8     | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/32    | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8     | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.1.0.0/16    | 10.1.2.3/16
+ 10.1.2.0/24    | 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/32    | 10.1.2.3
+ 10.0.0.0/8     | 11.1.2.3/8
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i = '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |       i        
+----------------+----------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+         c          |        i         
+--------------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.226
+ ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24
+ 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1/64
+ 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::ffff
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i > '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+         c          |        i         
+--------------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.226
+ ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24
+ 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1/64
+ 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::ffff
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+         c          |        i         
+--------------------+------------------
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 9.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/32        | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.1.0.0/16        | 10.1.2.3/16
+ 10.1.2.0/24        | 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/32        | 10.1.2.3
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 11.1.2.3/8
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.226
+ ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24
+ 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1/64
+ 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::ffff
+(16 rows)
+
+-- test index-only scans
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: i
+   ->  Index Only Scan using inet_idx2 on inet_tbl
+         Index Cond: (i << '192.168.1.0/24'::inet)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+        i         
+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.226
+(3 rows)
+
+SET enable_seqscan TO on;
+DROP INDEX inet_idx2;
+-- check that spgist index works correctly
+CREATE INDEX inet_idx3 ON inet_tbl using spgist (i);
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <<= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i && '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >>= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |        i         
+----------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+ c | i 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i < '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+      c      |      i      
+-------------+-------------
+ 10.0.0.0/8  | 9.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8  | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8  | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.2.3/16
+ 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3
+ 10.0.0.0/8  | 11.1.2.3/8
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |       i        
+----------------+----------------
+ 10.0.0.0/8     | 9.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8     | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/32    | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8     | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.1.0.0/16    | 10.1.2.3/16
+ 10.1.2.0/24    | 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/32    | 10.1.2.3
+ 10.0.0.0/8     | 11.1.2.3/8
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i = '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+       c        |       i        
+----------------+----------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+         c          |        i         
+--------------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.226
+ ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24
+ 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1/64
+ 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::ffff
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i > '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+         c          |        i         
+--------------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.226
+ ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24
+ 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1/64
+ 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::ffff
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+         c          |        i         
+--------------------+------------------
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 9.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/32        | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.1.0.0/16        | 10.1.2.3/16
+ 10.1.2.0/24        | 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/32        | 10.1.2.3
+ 10.0.0.0/8         | 11.1.2.3/8
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.226
+ ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24
+ 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1/64
+ 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::ffff
+(16 rows)
+
+-- test index-only scans
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: i
+   ->  Index Only Scan using inet_idx3 on inet_tbl
+         Index Cond: (i << '192.168.1.0/24'::inet)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+        i         
+------------------
+ 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.255/25
+ 192.168.1.226
+(3 rows)
+
+SET enable_seqscan TO on;
+DROP INDEX inet_idx3;
+-- simple tests of inet boolean and arithmetic operators
+SELECT i, ~i AS "~i" FROM inet_tbl;
+        i         |                     ~i                     
+------------------+--------------------------------------------
+ 192.168.1.226/24 | 63.87.254.29/24
+ 192.168.1.226    | 63.87.254.29
+ 192.168.1.0/24   | 63.87.254.255/24
+ 192.168.1.0/25   | 63.87.254.255/25
+ 192.168.1.255/24 | 63.87.254.0/24
+ 192.168.1.255/25 | 63.87.254.0/25
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 245.254.253.252/8
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 245.254.253.252/8
+ 10.1.2.3         | 245.254.253.252
+ 10.1.2.3/24      | 245.254.253.252/24
+ 10.1.2.3/16      | 245.254.253.252/16
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 245.254.253.252/8
+ 11.1.2.3/8       | 244.254.253.252/8
+ 9.1.2.3/8        | 246.254.253.252/8
+ 10:23::f1/64     | ffef:ffdc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff0e/64
+ 10:23::ffff      | ffef:ffdc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0
+ ::4.3.2.1/24     | ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fbfc:fdfe/24
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT i, c, i & c AS "and" FROM inet_tbl;
+        i         |         c          |      and       
+------------------+--------------------+----------------
+ 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.226    | 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.0
+ 192.168.1.0/24   | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/25   | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.0.0.0/8
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/32        | 10.0.0.0
+ 10.1.2.3         | 10.1.2.3/32        | 10.1.2.3
+ 10.1.2.3/24      | 10.1.2.0/24        | 10.1.2.0/24
+ 10.1.2.3/16      | 10.1.0.0/16        | 10.1.0.0/16
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.0.0.0/8
+ 11.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.0.0.0/8
+ 9.1.2.3/8        | 10.0.0.0/8         | 8.0.0.0/8
+ 10:23::f1/64     | 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1
+ 10:23::ffff      | 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::8000
+ ::4.3.2.1/24     | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::0.2.2.0
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT i, c, i | c AS "or" FROM inet_tbl;
+        i         |         c          |        or        
+------------------+--------------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.226/24
+ 192.168.1.226    | 192.168.1.0/26     | 192.168.1.226
+ 192.168.1.0/24   | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/25   | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/24
+ 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.0/24     | 192.168.1.255/25
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/32        | 10.1.2.3
+ 10.1.2.3         | 10.1.2.3/32        | 10.1.2.3
+ 10.1.2.3/24      | 10.1.2.0/24        | 10.1.2.3/24
+ 10.1.2.3/16      | 10.1.0.0/16        | 10.1.2.3/16
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         | 10.1.2.3/8
+ 11.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         | 11.1.2.3/8
+ 9.1.2.3/8        | 10.0.0.0/8         | 11.1.2.3/8
+ 10:23::f1/64     | 10:23::f1/128      | 10:23::f1
+ 10:23::ffff      | 10:23::8000/113    | 10:23::ffff
+ ::4.3.2.1/24     | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::ffff:5.3.3.5
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT i, i + 500 AS "i+500" FROM inet_tbl;
+        i         |      i+500       
+------------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.3.214/24
+ 192.168.1.226    | 192.168.3.214
+ 192.168.1.0/24   | 192.168.2.244/24
+ 192.168.1.0/25   | 192.168.2.244/25
+ 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.3.243/24
+ 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.3.243/25
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.1.3.247/8
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.1.3.247/8
+ 10.1.2.3         | 10.1.3.247
+ 10.1.2.3/24      | 10.1.3.247/24
+ 10.1.2.3/16      | 10.1.3.247/16
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.1.3.247/8
+ 11.1.2.3/8       | 11.1.3.247/8
+ 9.1.2.3/8        | 9.1.3.247/8
+ 10:23::f1/64     | 10:23::2e5/64
+ 10:23::ffff      | 10:23::1:1f3
+ ::4.3.2.1/24     | ::4.3.3.245/24
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT i, i - 500 AS "i-500" FROM inet_tbl;
+        i         |                 i-500                  
+------------------+----------------------------------------
+ 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.167.255.238/24
+ 192.168.1.226    | 192.167.255.238
+ 192.168.1.0/24   | 192.167.255.12/24
+ 192.168.1.0/25   | 192.167.255.12/25
+ 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.0.11/24
+ 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.0.11/25
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.1.0.15/8
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.1.0.15/8
+ 10.1.2.3         | 10.1.0.15
+ 10.1.2.3/24      | 10.1.0.15/24
+ 10.1.2.3/16      | 10.1.0.15/16
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.1.0.15/8
+ 11.1.2.3/8       | 11.1.0.15/8
+ 9.1.2.3/8        | 9.1.0.15/8
+ 10:23::f1/64     | 10:22:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fefd/64
+ 10:23::ffff      | 10:23::fe0b
+ ::4.3.2.1/24     | ::4.3.0.13/24
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT i, c, i - c AS "minus" FROM inet_tbl;
+        i         |         c          |      minus       
+------------------+--------------------+------------------
+ 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.0/24     |              226
+ 192.168.1.226    | 192.168.1.0/26     |              226
+ 192.168.1.0/24   | 192.168.1.0/24     |                0
+ 192.168.1.0/25   | 192.168.1.0/24     |                0
+ 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24     |              255
+ 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.0/24     |              255
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         |            66051
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/32        |            66051
+ 10.1.2.3         | 10.1.2.3/32        |                0
+ 10.1.2.3/24      | 10.1.2.0/24        |                3
+ 10.1.2.3/16      | 10.1.0.0/16        |              515
+ 10.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         |            66051
+ 11.1.2.3/8       | 10.0.0.0/8         |         16843267
+ 9.1.2.3/8        | 10.0.0.0/8         |        -16711165
+ 10:23::f1/64     | 10:23::f1/128      |                0
+ 10:23::ffff      | 10:23::8000/113    |            32767
+ ::4.3.2.1/24     | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | -281470631346435
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT '127.0.0.1'::inet + 257;
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ 127.0.1.2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ('127.0.0.1'::inet + 257) - 257;
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ 127.0.0.1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '127::1'::inet + 257;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 127::102
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ('127::1'::inet + 257) - 257;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 127::1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '127.0.0.2'::inet  - ('127.0.0.2'::inet + 500);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+     -500
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '127.0.0.2'::inet  - ('127.0.0.2'::inet - 500);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      500
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '127::2'::inet  - ('127::2'::inet + 500);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+     -500
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '127::2'::inet  - ('127::2'::inet - 500);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      500
+(1 row)
+
+-- these should give overflow errors:
+SELECT '127.0.0.1'::inet + 10000000000;
+ERROR:  result is out of range
+SELECT '127.0.0.1'::inet - 10000000000;
+ERROR:  result is out of range
+SELECT '126::1'::inet - '127::2'::inet;
+ERROR:  result is out of range
+SELECT '127::1'::inet - '126::2'::inet;
+ERROR:  result is out of range
+-- but not these
+SELECT '127::1'::inet + 10000000000;
+     ?column?     
+------------------
+ 127::2:540b:e401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '127::1'::inet - '127::2'::inet;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+       -1
+(1 row)
+
+-- insert one more row with addressed from different families
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '10::/8');
+-- now, this one should fail
+SELECT inet_merge(c, i) FROM INET_TBL;
+ERROR:  cannot merge addresses from different families
+-- fix it by inet_same_family() condition
+SELECT inet_merge(c, i) FROM INET_TBL WHERE inet_same_family(c, i);
+   inet_merge    
+-----------------
+ 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/24
+ 10.0.0.0/8
+ 10.0.0.0/8
+ 10.1.2.3/32
+ 10.1.2.0/24
+ 10.1.0.0/16
+ 10.0.0.0/8
+ 10.0.0.0/7
+ 8.0.0.0/6
+ 10:23::/64
+ 10:23::8000/113
+ ::/24
+(17 rows)
+
+-- Test inet sortsupport with a variety of boundary inputs:
+SELECT a FROM (VALUES
+  ('0.0.0.0/0'::inet),
+  ('0.0.0.0/1'::inet),
+  ('0.0.0.0/32'::inet),
+  ('0.0.0.1/0'::inet),
+  ('0.0.0.1/1'::inet),
+  ('127.126.127.127/0'::inet),
+  ('127.127.127.127/0'::inet),
+  ('127.128.127.127/0'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.0/24'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.0/25'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.1/23'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.1/5'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.1/6'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.1/25'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.2/25'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.1/26'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.2/26'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.2/23'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.255/5'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.255/6'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.3/1'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.3/23'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.4/0'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.5/0'::inet),
+  ('255.0.0.0/0'::inet),
+  ('255.1.0.0/0'::inet),
+  ('255.2.0.0/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.000.000/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.000.000/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.000.000/15'::inet),
+  ('255.255.000.000/16'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.254/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.000/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.001/31'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.002/31'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.003/31'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.003/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.001/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/1'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/16'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/16'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/31'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.253/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.252/32'::inet),
+  ('255.3.0.0/0'::inet),
+  ('0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/0'::inet),
+  ('0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/128'::inet),
+  ('0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001/128'::inet),
+  ('10:23::f1/64'::inet),
+  ('10:23::f1/65'::inet),
+  ('10:23::ffff'::inet),
+  ('127::1'::inet),
+  ('127::2'::inet),
+  ('8000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/1'::inet),
+  ('::1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128'::inet),
+  ('::2:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128'::inet),
+  ('::4:3:2:0/24'::inet),
+  ('::4:3:2:1/24'::inet),
+  ('::4:3:2:2/24'::inet),
+  ('ffff:83e7:f118:57dc:6093:6d92:689d:58cf/70'::inet),
+  ('ffff:84b0:4775:536e:c3ed:7116:a6d6:34f0/44'::inet),
+  ('ffff:8566:f84:5867:47f1:7867:d2ba:8a1a/69'::inet),
+  ('ffff:8883:f028:7d2:4d68:d510:7d6b:ac43/73'::inet),
+  ('ffff:8ae8:7c14:65b3:196:8e4a:89ae:fb30/89'::inet),
+  ('ffff:8dd0:646:694c:7c16:7e35:6a26:171/104'::inet),
+  ('ffff:8eef:cbf:700:eda3:ae32:f4b4:318b/121'::inet),
+  ('ffff:90e7:e744:664:a93:8efe:1f25:7663/122'::inet),
+  ('ffff:9597:c69c:8b24:57a:8639:ec78:6026/111'::inet),
+  ('ffff:9e86:79ea:f16e:df31:8e4d:7783:532e/88'::inet),
+  ('ffff:a0c7:82d3:24de:f762:6e1f:316d:3fb2/23'::inet),
+  ('ffff:fffa:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:fffb:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:fffc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:fffd:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:fffe:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffa:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffb:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffd::/128'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffd:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe::/128'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:4:3:2:0/24'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:4:3:2:1/24'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:4:3:2:2/24'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128'::inet)
+) AS i(a) ORDER BY a;
+                     a                      
+--------------------------------------------
+ 0.0.0.0/0
+ 0.0.0.1/0
+ 127.126.127.127/0
+ 127.127.127.127/0
+ 127.128.127.127/0
+ 192.168.1.4/0
+ 192.168.1.5/0
+ 255.0.0.0/0
+ 255.1.0.0/0
+ 255.2.0.0/0
+ 255.3.0.0/0
+ 255.255.0.0/0
+ 255.255.0.0/0
+ 255.255.255.255/0
+ 255.255.255.255/0
+ 255.255.255.255/0
+ 0.0.0.0/1
+ 0.0.0.1/1
+ 0.0.0.0
+ 192.168.1.3/1
+ 255.255.255.255/1
+ 192.168.1.1/5
+ 192.168.1.255/5
+ 192.168.1.1/6
+ 192.168.1.255/6
+ 192.168.1.1/23
+ 192.168.1.2/23
+ 192.168.1.3/23
+ 192.168.1.0/24
+ 192.168.1.0/25
+ 192.168.1.1/25
+ 192.168.1.2/25
+ 192.168.1.1/26
+ 192.168.1.2/26
+ 255.255.0.0/15
+ 255.255.0.0/16
+ 255.255.255.255/16
+ 255.255.255.255/16
+ 255.255.255.1/31
+ 255.255.255.0
+ 255.255.255.1
+ 255.255.255.2/31
+ 255.255.255.3/31
+ 255.255.255.3
+ 255.255.255.252
+ 255.255.255.253
+ 255.255.255.255/31
+ 255.255.255.254
+ 255.255.255.255
+ ::/0
+ ffff:fffa:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0
+ ffff:fffb:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0
+ ffff:fffc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0
+ ffff:fffd:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0
+ ffff:fffe:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:fffa:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:fffb:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:fffd:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0
+ ::4:3:2:0/24
+ ::4:3:2:1/24
+ ::4:3:2:2/24
+ ::
+ ::1
+ ::1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
+ ::2:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
+ 10:23::f1/64
+ 10:23::f1/65
+ 10:23::ffff
+ 127::1
+ 127::2
+ 8000::/1
+ ffff:83e7:f118:57dc:6093:6d92:689d:58cf/70
+ ffff:84b0:4775:536e:c3ed:7116:a6d6:34f0/44
+ ffff:8566:f84:5867:47f1:7867:d2ba:8a1a/69
+ ffff:8883:f028:7d2:4d68:d510:7d6b:ac43/73
+ ffff:8ae8:7c14:65b3:196:8e4a:89ae:fb30/89
+ ffff:8dd0:646:694c:7c16:7e35:6a26:171/104
+ ffff:8eef:cbf:700:eda3:ae32:f4b4:318b/121
+ ffff:90e7:e744:664:a93:8efe:1f25:7663/122
+ ffff:9597:c69c:8b24:57a:8639:ec78:6026/111
+ ffff:9e86:79ea:f16e:df31:8e4d:7783:532e/88
+ ffff:a0c7:82d3:24de:f762:6e1f:316d:3fb2/23
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:4:3:2:0/24
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:4:3:2:1/24
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:4:3:2:2/24
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:fffd::
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe::
+ ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
+(91 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/infinite_recurse.out b/src/test/regress/expected/infinite_recurse.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa102fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/infinite_recurse.out
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+-- Check that stack depth detection mechanism works and
+-- max_stack_depth is not set too high.
+create function infinite_recurse() returns int as
+'select infinite_recurse()' language sql;
+-- Unfortunately, up till mid 2020 the Linux kernel had a bug in PPC64
+-- signal handling that would cause this test to crash if it happened
+-- to receive an sinval catchup interrupt while the stack is deep:
+-- https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=205183
+-- It is likely to be many years before that bug disappears from all
+-- production kernels, so disable this test on such platforms.
+-- (We still create the function, so as not to have a cross-platform
+-- difference in the end state of the regression database.)
+SELECT version() ~ 'powerpc64[^,]*-linux-gnu'
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+-- The full error report is not very stable, so we show only SQLSTATE
+-- and primary error message.
+\set VERBOSITY sqlstate
+select infinite_recurse();
+ERROR:  54001
+\echo :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+stack depth limit exceeded
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/infinite_recurse_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/infinite_recurse_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2c99a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/infinite_recurse_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-- Check that stack depth detection mechanism works and
+-- max_stack_depth is not set too high.
+create function infinite_recurse() returns int as
+'select infinite_recurse()' language sql;
+-- Unfortunately, up till mid 2020 the Linux kernel had a bug in PPC64
+-- signal handling that would cause this test to crash if it happened
+-- to receive an sinval catchup interrupt while the stack is deep:
+-- https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=205183
+-- It is likely to be many years before that bug disappears from all
+-- production kernels, so disable this test on such platforms.
+-- (We still create the function, so as not to have a cross-platform
+-- difference in the end state of the regression database.)
+SELECT version() ~ 'powerpc64[^,]*-linux-gnu'
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/inherit.out b/src/test/regress/expected/inherit.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61e1522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/inherit.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2777 @@
+--
+-- Test inheritance features
+--
+CREATE TABLE a (aa TEXT);
+CREATE TABLE b (bb TEXT) INHERITS (a);
+CREATE TABLE c (cc TEXT) INHERITS (a);
+CREATE TABLE d (dd TEXT) INHERITS (b,c,a);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "aa"
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "aa"
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaa');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaa');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaa');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaaa');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaaaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbb');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbb');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbb');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbbb');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbbbb');
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccc');
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccc');
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccccc');
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccccc');
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccccccc');
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccccccc');
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddd');
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddd');
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddddd');
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddddd');
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddddddd');
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddddddd');
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    
+---------+----------
+ a       | aaa
+ a       | aaaa
+ a       | aaaaa
+ a       | aaaaaa
+ a       | aaaaaaa
+ a       | aaaaaaaa
+ b       | bbb
+ b       | bbbb
+ b       | bbbbb
+ b       | bbbbbb
+ b       | bbbbbbb
+ b       | bbbbbbbb
+ c       | ccc
+ c       | cccc
+ c       | ccccc
+ c       | cccccc
+ c       | ccccccc
+ c       | cccccccc
+ d       | ddd
+ d       | dddd
+ d       | ddddd
+ d       | dddddd
+ d       | ddddddd
+ d       | dddddddd
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | bb 
+---------+----------+----
+ b       | bbb      | 
+ b       | bbbb     | 
+ b       | bbbbb    | 
+ b       | bbbbbb   | 
+ b       | bbbbbbb  | 
+ b       | bbbbbbbb | 
+ d       | ddd      | 
+ d       | dddd     | 
+ d       | ddddd    | 
+ d       | dddddd   | 
+ d       | ddddddd  | 
+ d       | dddddddd | 
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | cc 
+---------+----------+----
+ c       | ccc      | 
+ c       | cccc     | 
+ c       | ccccc    | 
+ c       | cccccc   | 
+ c       | ccccccc  | 
+ c       | cccccccc | 
+ d       | ddd      | 
+ d       | dddd     | 
+ d       | ddddd    | 
+ d       | dddddd   | 
+ d       | ddddddd  | 
+ d       | dddddddd | 
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
+---------+----------+----+----+----
+ d       | ddd      |    |    | 
+ d       | dddd     |    |    | 
+ d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
+ d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
+ d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
+ d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    
+---------+----------
+ a       | aaa
+ a       | aaaa
+ a       | aaaaa
+ a       | aaaaaa
+ a       | aaaaaaa
+ a       | aaaaaaaa
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | bb 
+---------+----------+----
+ b       | bbb      | 
+ b       | bbbb     | 
+ b       | bbbbb    | 
+ b       | bbbbbb   | 
+ b       | bbbbbbb  | 
+ b       | bbbbbbbb | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | cc 
+---------+----------+----
+ c       | ccc      | 
+ c       | cccc     | 
+ c       | ccccc    | 
+ c       | cccccc   | 
+ c       | ccccccc  | 
+ c       | cccccccc | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
+---------+----------+----+----+----
+ d       | ddd      |    |    | 
+ d       | dddd     |    |    | 
+ d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
+ d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
+ d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
+ d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
+(6 rows)
+
+UPDATE a SET aa='zzzz' WHERE aa='aaaa';
+UPDATE ONLY a SET aa='zzzzz' WHERE aa='aaaaa';
+UPDATE b SET aa='zzz' WHERE aa='aaa';
+UPDATE ONLY b SET aa='zzz' WHERE aa='aaa';
+UPDATE a SET aa='zzzzzz' WHERE aa LIKE 'aaa%';
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    
+---------+----------
+ a       | zzzz
+ a       | zzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ b       | bbb
+ b       | bbbb
+ b       | bbbbb
+ b       | bbbbbb
+ b       | bbbbbbb
+ b       | bbbbbbbb
+ c       | ccc
+ c       | cccc
+ c       | ccccc
+ c       | cccccc
+ c       | ccccccc
+ c       | cccccccc
+ d       | ddd
+ d       | dddd
+ d       | ddddd
+ d       | dddddd
+ d       | ddddddd
+ d       | dddddddd
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | bb 
+---------+----------+----
+ b       | bbb      | 
+ b       | bbbb     | 
+ b       | bbbbb    | 
+ b       | bbbbbb   | 
+ b       | bbbbbbb  | 
+ b       | bbbbbbbb | 
+ d       | ddd      | 
+ d       | dddd     | 
+ d       | ddddd    | 
+ d       | dddddd   | 
+ d       | ddddddd  | 
+ d       | dddddddd | 
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | cc 
+---------+----------+----
+ c       | ccc      | 
+ c       | cccc     | 
+ c       | ccccc    | 
+ c       | cccccc   | 
+ c       | ccccccc  | 
+ c       | cccccccc | 
+ d       | ddd      | 
+ d       | dddd     | 
+ d       | ddddd    | 
+ d       | dddddd   | 
+ d       | ddddddd  | 
+ d       | dddddddd | 
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
+---------+----------+----+----+----
+ d       | ddd      |    |    | 
+ d       | dddd     |    |    | 
+ d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
+ d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
+ d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
+ d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |   aa   
+---------+--------
+ a       | zzzz
+ a       | zzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | bb 
+---------+----------+----
+ b       | bbb      | 
+ b       | bbbb     | 
+ b       | bbbbb    | 
+ b       | bbbbbb   | 
+ b       | bbbbbbb  | 
+ b       | bbbbbbbb | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | cc 
+---------+----------+----
+ c       | ccc      | 
+ c       | cccc     | 
+ c       | ccccc    | 
+ c       | cccccc   | 
+ c       | ccccccc  | 
+ c       | cccccccc | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
+---------+----------+----+----+----
+ d       | ddd      |    |    | 
+ d       | dddd     |    |    | 
+ d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
+ d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
+ d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
+ d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
+(6 rows)
+
+UPDATE b SET aa='new';
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    
+---------+----------
+ a       | zzzz
+ a       | zzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ b       | new
+ b       | new
+ b       | new
+ b       | new
+ b       | new
+ b       | new
+ c       | ccc
+ c       | cccc
+ c       | ccccc
+ c       | cccccc
+ c       | ccccccc
+ c       | cccccccc
+ d       | new
+ d       | new
+ d       | new
+ d       | new
+ d       | new
+ d       | new
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa  | bb 
+---------+-----+----
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | cc 
+---------+----------+----
+ c       | ccc      | 
+ c       | cccc     | 
+ c       | ccccc    | 
+ c       | cccccc   | 
+ c       | ccccccc  | 
+ c       | cccccccc | 
+ d       | new      | 
+ d       | new      | 
+ d       | new      | 
+ d       | new      | 
+ d       | new      | 
+ d       | new      | 
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
+---------+-----+----+----+----
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |   aa   
+---------+--------
+ a       | zzzz
+ a       | zzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+ a       | zzzzzz
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa  | bb 
+---------+-----+----
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname |    aa    | cc 
+---------+----------+----
+ c       | ccc      | 
+ c       | cccc     | 
+ c       | ccccc    | 
+ c       | cccccc   | 
+ c       | ccccccc  | 
+ c       | cccccccc | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
+---------+-----+----+----+----
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+(6 rows)
+
+UPDATE a SET aa='new';
+DELETE FROM ONLY c WHERE aa='new';
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa  
+---------+-----
+ a       | new
+ a       | new
+ a       | new
+ a       | new
+ a       | new
+ a       | new
+ b       | new
+ b       | new
+ b       | new
+ b       | new
+ b       | new
+ b       | new
+ d       | new
+ d       | new
+ d       | new
+ d       | new
+ d       | new
+ d       | new
+(18 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa  | bb 
+---------+-----+----
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa  | cc 
+---------+-----+----
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+ d       | new | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
+---------+-----+----+----+----
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa  
+---------+-----
+ a       | new
+ a       | new
+ a       | new
+ a       | new
+ a       | new
+ a       | new
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa  | bb 
+---------+-----+----
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+ b       | new | 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa | cc 
+---------+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
+---------+-----+----+----+----
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+ d       | new |    |    | 
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM a;
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa 
+---------+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa | bb 
+---------+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa | cc 
+---------+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa | bb | cc | dd 
+---------+----+----+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa 
+---------+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa | bb 
+---------+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa | cc 
+---------+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+ relname | aa | bb | cc | dd 
+---------+----+----+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Confirm PRIMARY KEY adds NOT NULL constraint to child table
+CREATE TEMP TABLE z (b TEXT, PRIMARY KEY(aa, b)) inherits (a);
+INSERT INTO z VALUES (NULL, 'text'); -- should fail
+ERROR:  null value in column "aa" of relation "z" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, text).
+-- Check inherited UPDATE with first child excluded
+create table some_tab (f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, check (f1 < 10) no inherit);
+create table some_tab_child () inherits(some_tab);
+insert into some_tab_child select i, i+1, 0 from generate_series(1,1000) i;
+create index on some_tab_child(f1, f2);
+-- while at it, also check that statement-level triggers fire
+create function some_tab_stmt_trig_func() returns trigger as
+$$begin raise notice 'updating some_tab'; return NULL; end;$$
+language plpgsql;
+create trigger some_tab_stmt_trig
+  before update on some_tab execute function some_tab_stmt_trig_func();
+explain (costs off)
+update some_tab set f3 = 11 where f1 = 12 and f2 = 13;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on some_tab
+   Update on some_tab_child some_tab_1
+   ->  Result
+         ->  Index Scan using some_tab_child_f1_f2_idx on some_tab_child some_tab_1
+               Index Cond: ((f1 = 12) AND (f2 = 13))
+(5 rows)
+
+update some_tab set f3 = 11 where f1 = 12 and f2 = 13;
+NOTICE:  updating some_tab
+drop table some_tab cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table some_tab_child
+drop function some_tab_stmt_trig_func();
+-- Check inherited UPDATE with all children excluded
+create table some_tab (a int, b int);
+create table some_tab_child () inherits (some_tab);
+insert into some_tab_child values(1,2);
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.some_tab
+   ->  Result
+         Output: (some_tab.a + 1), NULL::oid, NULL::tid
+         One-Time Filter: false
+(4 rows)
+
+update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false returning b, a;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.some_tab
+   Output: some_tab.b, some_tab.a
+   ->  Result
+         Output: (some_tab.a + 1), NULL::oid, NULL::tid
+         One-Time Filter: false
+(5 rows)
+
+update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false returning b, a;
+ b | a 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+table some_tab;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+drop table some_tab cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table some_tab_child
+-- Check UPDATE with inherited target and an inherited source table
+create temp table foo(f1 int, f2 int);
+create temp table foo2(f3 int) inherits (foo);
+create temp table bar(f1 int, f2 int);
+create temp table bar2(f3 int) inherits (bar);
+insert into foo values(1,1);
+insert into foo values(3,3);
+insert into foo2 values(2,2,2);
+insert into foo2 values(3,3,3);
+insert into bar values(1,1);
+insert into bar values(2,2);
+insert into bar values(3,3);
+insert into bar values(4,4);
+insert into bar2 values(1,1,1);
+insert into bar2 values(2,2,2);
+insert into bar2 values(3,3,3);
+insert into bar2 values(4,4,4);
+update bar set f2 = f2 + 100 where f1 in (select f1 from foo);
+select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, bar.* from bar order by 1,2;
+ relname | f1 | f2  
+---------+----+-----
+ bar     |  1 | 101
+ bar     |  2 | 102
+ bar     |  3 | 103
+ bar     |  4 |   4
+ bar2    |  1 | 101
+ bar2    |  2 | 102
+ bar2    |  3 | 103
+ bar2    |  4 |   4
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE with inherited target and an appendrel subquery
+update bar set f2 = f2 + 100
+from
+  ( select f1 from foo union all select f1+3 from foo ) ss
+where bar.f1 = ss.f1;
+select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, bar.* from bar order by 1,2;
+ relname | f1 | f2  
+---------+----+-----
+ bar     |  1 | 201
+ bar     |  2 | 202
+ bar     |  3 | 203
+ bar     |  4 | 104
+ bar2    |  1 | 201
+ bar2    |  2 | 202
+ bar2    |  3 | 203
+ bar2    |  4 | 104
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE with *partitioned* inherited target and an appendrel subquery
+create table some_tab (a int);
+insert into some_tab values (0);
+create table some_tab_child () inherits (some_tab);
+insert into some_tab_child values (1);
+create table parted_tab (a int, b char) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_tab_part1 partition of parted_tab for values in (1);
+create table parted_tab_part2 partition of parted_tab for values in (2);
+create table parted_tab_part3 partition of parted_tab for values in (3);
+insert into parted_tab values (1, 'a'), (2, 'a'), (3, 'a');
+update parted_tab set b = 'b'
+from
+  (select a from some_tab union all select a+1 from some_tab) ss (a)
+where parted_tab.a = ss.a;
+select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, parted_tab.* from parted_tab order by 1,2;
+     relname      | a | b 
+------------------+---+---
+ parted_tab_part1 | 1 | b
+ parted_tab_part2 | 2 | b
+ parted_tab_part3 | 3 | a
+(3 rows)
+
+truncate parted_tab;
+insert into parted_tab values (1, 'a'), (2, 'a'), (3, 'a');
+update parted_tab set b = 'b'
+from
+  (select 0 from parted_tab union all select 1 from parted_tab) ss (a)
+where parted_tab.a = ss.a;
+select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, parted_tab.* from parted_tab order by 1,2;
+     relname      | a | b 
+------------------+---+---
+ parted_tab_part1 | 1 | b
+ parted_tab_part2 | 2 | a
+ parted_tab_part3 | 3 | a
+(3 rows)
+
+-- modifies partition key, but no rows will actually be updated
+explain update parted_tab set a = 2 where false;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on parted_tab  (cost=0.00..0.00 rows=0 width=0)
+   ->  Result  (cost=0.00..0.00 rows=0 width=10)
+         One-Time Filter: false
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table parted_tab;
+-- Check UPDATE with multi-level partitioned inherited target
+create table mlparted_tab (a int, b char, c text) partition by list (a);
+create table mlparted_tab_part1 partition of mlparted_tab for values in (1);
+create table mlparted_tab_part2 partition of mlparted_tab for values in (2) partition by list (b);
+create table mlparted_tab_part3 partition of mlparted_tab for values in (3);
+create table mlparted_tab_part2a partition of mlparted_tab_part2 for values in ('a');
+create table mlparted_tab_part2b partition of mlparted_tab_part2 for values in ('b');
+insert into mlparted_tab values (1, 'a'), (2, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'a');
+update mlparted_tab mlp set c = 'xxx'
+from
+  (select a from some_tab union all select a+1 from some_tab) ss (a)
+where (mlp.a = ss.a and mlp.b = 'b') or mlp.a = 3;
+select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, mlparted_tab.* from mlparted_tab order by 1,2;
+       relname       | a | b |  c  
+---------------------+---+---+-----
+ mlparted_tab_part1  | 1 | a | 
+ mlparted_tab_part2a | 2 | a | 
+ mlparted_tab_part2b | 2 | b | xxx
+ mlparted_tab_part3  | 3 | a | xxx
+(4 rows)
+
+drop table mlparted_tab;
+drop table some_tab cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table some_tab_child
+/* Test multiple inheritance of column defaults */
+CREATE TABLE firstparent (tomorrow date default now()::date + 1);
+CREATE TABLE secondparent (tomorrow date default  now() :: date  +  1);
+CREATE TABLE jointchild () INHERITS (firstparent, secondparent);  -- ok
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "tomorrow"
+CREATE TABLE thirdparent (tomorrow date default now()::date - 1);
+CREATE TABLE otherchild () INHERITS (firstparent, thirdparent);  -- not ok
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "tomorrow"
+ERROR:  column "tomorrow" inherits conflicting default values
+HINT:  To resolve the conflict, specify a default explicitly.
+CREATE TABLE otherchild (tomorrow date default now())
+  INHERITS (firstparent, thirdparent);  -- ok, child resolves ambiguous default
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "tomorrow"
+NOTICE:  merging column "tomorrow" with inherited definition
+DROP TABLE firstparent, secondparent, jointchild, thirdparent, otherchild;
+-- Test changing the type of inherited columns
+insert into d values('test','one','two','three');
+alter table a alter column aa type integer using bit_length(aa);
+select * from d;
+ aa | bb  | cc  |  dd   
+----+-----+-----+-------
+ 32 | one | two | three
+(1 row)
+
+-- The above verified that we can change the type of a multiply-inherited
+-- column; but we should reject that if any definition was inherited from
+-- an unrelated parent.
+create temp table parent1(f1 int, f2 int);
+create temp table parent2(f1 int, f3 bigint);
+create temp table childtab(f4 int) inherits(parent1, parent2);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f1"
+alter table parent1 alter column f1 type bigint;  -- fail, conflict w/parent2
+ERROR:  cannot alter inherited column "f1" of relation "childtab"
+alter table parent1 alter column f2 type bigint;  -- ok
+-- Test non-inheritable parent constraints
+create table p1(ff1 int);
+alter table p1 add constraint p1chk check (ff1 > 0) no inherit;
+alter table p1 add constraint p2chk check (ff1 > 10);
+-- connoinherit should be true for NO INHERIT constraint
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.connoinherit from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname = 'p1' order by 1,2;
+ relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit 
+---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------------
+ p1      | p1chk   | c       | t          |           0 | t
+ p1      | p2chk   | c       | t          |           0 | f
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test that child does not inherit NO INHERIT constraints
+create table c1 () inherits (p1);
+\d p1
+                 Table "public.p1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ ff1    | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "p1chk" CHECK (ff1 > 0) NO INHERIT
+    "p2chk" CHECK (ff1 > 10)
+Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d c1
+                 Table "public.c1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ ff1    | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "p2chk" CHECK (ff1 > 10)
+Inherits: p1
+
+-- Test that child does not override inheritable constraints of the parent
+create table c2 (constraint p2chk check (ff1 > 10) no inherit) inherits (p1);	--fails
+ERROR:  constraint "p2chk" conflicts with inherited constraint on relation "c2"
+drop table p1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table c1
+-- Tests for casting between the rowtypes of parent and child
+-- tables. See the pgsql-hackers thread beginning Dec. 4/04
+create table base (i integer);
+create table derived () inherits (base);
+create table more_derived (like derived, b int) inherits (derived);
+NOTICE:  merging column "i" with inherited definition
+insert into derived (i) values (0);
+select derived::base from derived;
+ derived 
+---------
+ (0)
+(1 row)
+
+select NULL::derived::base;
+ base 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- remove redundant conversions.
+explain (verbose on, costs off) select row(i, b)::more_derived::derived::base from more_derived;
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.more_derived
+   Output: (ROW(i, b)::more_derived)::base
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (verbose on, costs off) select (1, 2)::more_derived::derived::base;
+      QUERY PLAN       
+-----------------------
+ Result
+   Output: '(1)'::base
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table more_derived;
+drop table derived;
+drop table base;
+create table p1(ff1 int);
+create table p2(f1 text);
+create function p2text(p2) returns text as 'select $1.f1' language sql;
+create table c1(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
+insert into c1 values(123456789, 'hi', 42);
+select p2text(c1.*) from c1;
+ p2text 
+--------
+ hi
+(1 row)
+
+drop function p2text(p2);
+drop table c1;
+drop table p2;
+drop table p1;
+CREATE TABLE ac (aa TEXT);
+alter table ac add constraint ac_check check (aa is not null);
+CREATE TABLE bc (bb TEXT) INHERITS (ac);
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+ relname | conname  | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
+---------+----------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
+ ac      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
+ bc      | ac_check | c       | f          |           1 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
+(2 rows)
+
+insert into ac (aa) values (NULL);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "ac" violates check constraint "ac_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null).
+insert into bc (aa) values (NULL);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "bc" violates check constraint "ac_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
+alter table bc drop constraint ac_check;  -- fail, disallowed
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "ac_check" of relation "bc"
+alter table ac drop constraint ac_check;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+ relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | consrc 
+---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- try the unnamed-constraint case
+alter table ac add check (aa is not null);
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+ relname |   conname   | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
+---------+-------------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
+ ac      | ac_aa_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
+ bc      | ac_aa_check | c       | f          |           1 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
+(2 rows)
+
+insert into ac (aa) values (NULL);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "ac" violates check constraint "ac_aa_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null).
+insert into bc (aa) values (NULL);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "bc" violates check constraint "ac_aa_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
+alter table bc drop constraint ac_aa_check;  -- fail, disallowed
+ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "ac_aa_check" of relation "bc"
+alter table ac drop constraint ac_aa_check;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+ relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | consrc 
+---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+alter table ac add constraint ac_check check (aa is not null);
+alter table bc no inherit ac;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+ relname | conname  | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
+---------+----------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
+ ac      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
+ bc      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
+(2 rows)
+
+alter table bc drop constraint ac_check;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+ relname | conname  | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
+---------+----------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
+ ac      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
+(1 row)
+
+alter table ac drop constraint ac_check;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+ relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | consrc 
+---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+drop table bc;
+drop table ac;
+create table ac (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0));
+create table bc (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0), b int constraint check_b check (b <> 0)) inherits (ac);
+NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "check_a" with inherited definition
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+ relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |  consrc  
+---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+----------
+ ac      | check_a | c       | t          |           0 | (a <> 0)
+ bc      | check_a | c       | t          |           1 | (a <> 0)
+ bc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table bc;
+drop table ac;
+create table ac (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0));
+create table bc (b int constraint check_b check (b <> 0));
+create table cc (c int constraint check_c check (c <> 0)) inherits (ac, bc);
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc', 'cc') order by 1,2;
+ relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |  consrc  
+---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+----------
+ ac      | check_a | c       | t          |           0 | (a <> 0)
+ bc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
+ cc      | check_a | c       | f          |           1 | (a <> 0)
+ cc      | check_b | c       | f          |           1 | (b <> 0)
+ cc      | check_c | c       | t          |           0 | (c <> 0)
+(5 rows)
+
+alter table cc no inherit bc;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc', 'cc') order by 1,2;
+ relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |  consrc  
+---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+----------
+ ac      | check_a | c       | t          |           0 | (a <> 0)
+ bc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
+ cc      | check_a | c       | f          |           1 | (a <> 0)
+ cc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
+ cc      | check_c | c       | t          |           0 | (c <> 0)
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table cc;
+drop table bc;
+drop table ac;
+create table p1(f1 int);
+create table p2(f2 int);
+create table c1(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
+insert into c1 values(1,-1,2);
+alter table p2 add constraint cc check (f2>0);  -- fail
+ERROR:  check constraint "cc" of relation "c1" is violated by some row
+alter table p2 add check (f2>0);  -- check it without a name, too
+ERROR:  check constraint "p2_f2_check" of relation "c1" is violated by some row
+delete from c1;
+insert into c1 values(1,1,2);
+alter table p2 add check (f2>0);
+insert into c1 values(1,-1,2);  -- fail
+ERROR:  new row for relation "c1" violates check constraint "p2_f2_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, -1, 2).
+create table c2(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
+\d c2
+                 Table "public.c2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | integer |           |          | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          | 
+ f3     | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "p2_f2_check" CHECK (f2 > 0)
+Inherits: p1,
+          p2
+
+create table c3 (f4 int) inherits(c1,c2);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f1"
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f2"
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f3"
+\d c3
+                 Table "public.c3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | integer |           |          | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          | 
+ f3     | integer |           |          | 
+ f4     | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "p2_f2_check" CHECK (f2 > 0)
+Inherits: c1,
+          c2
+
+drop table p1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table c1
+drop cascades to table c2
+drop cascades to table c3
+drop table p2 cascade;
+create table pp1 (f1 int);
+create table cc1 (f2 text, f3 int) inherits (pp1);
+alter table pp1 add column a1 int check (a1 > 0);
+\d cc1
+                Table "public.cc1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | integer |           |          | 
+ f2     | text    |           |          | 
+ f3     | integer |           |          | 
+ a1     | integer |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "pp1_a1_check" CHECK (a1 > 0)
+Inherits: pp1
+
+create table cc2(f4 float) inherits(pp1,cc1);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f1"
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "a1"
+\d cc2
+                     Table "public.cc2"
+ Column |       Type       | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | integer          |           |          | 
+ a1     | integer          |           |          | 
+ f2     | text             |           |          | 
+ f3     | integer          |           |          | 
+ f4     | double precision |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "pp1_a1_check" CHECK (a1 > 0)
+Inherits: pp1,
+          cc1
+
+alter table pp1 add column a2 int check (a2 > 0);
+NOTICE:  merging definition of column "a2" for child "cc2"
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "pp1_a2_check" with inherited definition
+\d cc2
+                     Table "public.cc2"
+ Column |       Type       | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+------------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ f1     | integer          |           |          | 
+ a1     | integer          |           |          | 
+ f2     | text             |           |          | 
+ f3     | integer          |           |          | 
+ f4     | double precision |           |          | 
+ a2     | integer          |           |          | 
+Check constraints:
+    "pp1_a1_check" CHECK (a1 > 0)
+    "pp1_a2_check" CHECK (a2 > 0)
+Inherits: pp1,
+          cc1
+
+drop table pp1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table cc1
+drop cascades to table cc2
+-- Test for renaming in simple multiple inheritance
+CREATE TABLE inht1 (a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE inhs1 (b int, c int);
+CREATE TABLE inhts (d int) INHERITS (inht1, inhs1);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
+ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME a TO aa;
+ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME b TO bb;                -- to be failed
+ERROR:  cannot rename inherited column "b"
+ALTER TABLE inhts RENAME aa TO aaa;      -- to be failed
+ERROR:  cannot rename inherited column "aa"
+ALTER TABLE inhts RENAME d TO dd;
+\d+ inhts
+                                   Table "public.inhts"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ aa     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ c      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ dd     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Inherits: inht1,
+          inhs1
+
+DROP TABLE inhts;
+-- Test for renaming in diamond inheritance
+CREATE TABLE inht2 (x int) INHERITS (inht1);
+CREATE TABLE inht3 (y int) INHERITS (inht1);
+CREATE TABLE inht4 (z int) INHERITS (inht2, inht3);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "aa"
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
+ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME aa TO aaa;
+\d+ inht4
+                                   Table "public.inht4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ aaa    | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ x      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ y      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ z      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Inherits: inht2,
+          inht3
+
+CREATE TABLE inhts (d int) INHERITS (inht2, inhs1);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
+ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME aaa TO aaaa;
+ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME b TO bb;                -- to be failed
+ERROR:  cannot rename inherited column "b"
+\d+ inhts
+                                   Table "public.inhts"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ aaaa   | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ x      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ c      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ d      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Inherits: inht2,
+          inhs1
+
+WITH RECURSIVE r AS (
+  SELECT 'inht1'::regclass AS inhrelid
+UNION ALL
+  SELECT c.inhrelid FROM pg_inherits c, r WHERE r.inhrelid = c.inhparent
+)
+SELECT a.attrelid::regclass, a.attname, a.attinhcount, e.expected
+  FROM (SELECT inhrelid, count(*) AS expected FROM pg_inherits
+        WHERE inhparent IN (SELECT inhrelid FROM r) GROUP BY inhrelid) e
+  JOIN pg_attribute a ON e.inhrelid = a.attrelid WHERE NOT attislocal
+  ORDER BY a.attrelid::regclass::name, a.attnum;
+ attrelid | attname | attinhcount | expected 
+----------+---------+-------------+----------
+ inht2    | aaaa    |           1 |        1
+ inht2    | b       |           1 |        1
+ inht3    | aaaa    |           1 |        1
+ inht3    | b       |           1 |        1
+ inht4    | aaaa    |           2 |        2
+ inht4    | b       |           2 |        2
+ inht4    | x       |           1 |        2
+ inht4    | y       |           1 |        2
+ inhts    | aaaa    |           1 |        1
+ inhts    | b       |           2 |        1
+ inhts    | x       |           1 |        1
+ inhts    | c       |           1 |        1
+(12 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE inht1, inhs1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 4 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table inht2
+drop cascades to table inhts
+drop cascades to table inht3
+drop cascades to table inht4
+-- Test non-inheritable indices [UNIQUE, EXCLUDE] constraints
+CREATE TABLE test_constraints (id int, val1 varchar, val2 int, UNIQUE(val1, val2));
+CREATE TABLE test_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_constraints);
+\d+ test_constraints
+                                   Table "public.test_constraints"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ id     | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ val1   | character varying |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ val2   | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_constraints_val1_val2_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (val1, val2)
+Child tables: test_constraints_inh
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_constraints_val1_val2_key;
+\d+ test_constraints
+                                   Table "public.test_constraints"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ id     | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ val1   | character varying |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ val2   | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Child tables: test_constraints_inh
+
+\d+ test_constraints_inh
+                                 Table "public.test_constraints_inh"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ id     | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ val1   | character varying |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ val2   | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Inherits: test_constraints
+
+DROP TABLE test_constraints_inh;
+DROP TABLE test_constraints;
+CREATE TABLE test_ex_constraints (
+    c circle,
+    EXCLUDE USING gist (c WITH &&)
+);
+CREATE TABLE test_ex_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_ex_constraints);
+\d+ test_ex_constraints
+                           Table "public.test_ex_constraints"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ c      | circle |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_ex_constraints_c_excl" EXCLUDE USING gist (c WITH &&)
+Child tables: test_ex_constraints_inh
+
+ALTER TABLE test_ex_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_ex_constraints_c_excl;
+\d+ test_ex_constraints
+                           Table "public.test_ex_constraints"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ c      | circle |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Child tables: test_ex_constraints_inh
+
+\d+ test_ex_constraints_inh
+                         Table "public.test_ex_constraints_inh"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ c      | circle |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Inherits: test_ex_constraints
+
+DROP TABLE test_ex_constraints_inh;
+DROP TABLE test_ex_constraints;
+-- Test non-inheritable foreign key constraints
+CREATE TABLE test_primary_constraints(id int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE test_foreign_constraints(id1 int REFERENCES test_primary_constraints(id));
+CREATE TABLE test_foreign_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_foreign_constraints);
+\d+ test_primary_constraints
+                         Table "public.test_primary_constraints"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           | not null |         | plain   |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_primary_constraints_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+Referenced by:
+    TABLE "test_foreign_constraints" CONSTRAINT "test_foreign_constraints_id1_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (id1) REFERENCES test_primary_constraints(id)
+
+\d+ test_foreign_constraints
+                         Table "public.test_foreign_constraints"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ id1    | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "test_foreign_constraints_id1_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (id1) REFERENCES test_primary_constraints(id)
+Child tables: test_foreign_constraints_inh
+
+ALTER TABLE test_foreign_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_foreign_constraints_id1_fkey;
+\d+ test_foreign_constraints
+                         Table "public.test_foreign_constraints"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ id1    | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Child tables: test_foreign_constraints_inh
+
+\d+ test_foreign_constraints_inh
+                       Table "public.test_foreign_constraints_inh"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ id1    | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Inherits: test_foreign_constraints
+
+DROP TABLE test_foreign_constraints_inh;
+DROP TABLE test_foreign_constraints;
+DROP TABLE test_primary_constraints;
+-- Test foreign key behavior
+create table inh_fk_1 (a int primary key);
+insert into inh_fk_1 values (1), (2), (3);
+create table inh_fk_2 (x int primary key, y int references inh_fk_1 on delete cascade);
+insert into inh_fk_2 values (11, 1), (22, 2), (33, 3);
+create table inh_fk_2_child () inherits (inh_fk_2);
+insert into inh_fk_2_child values (111, 1), (222, 2);
+delete from inh_fk_1 where a = 1;
+select * from inh_fk_1 order by 1;
+ a 
+---
+ 2
+ 3
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from inh_fk_2 order by 1, 2;
+  x  | y 
+-----+---
+  22 | 2
+  33 | 3
+ 111 | 1
+ 222 | 2
+(4 rows)
+
+drop table inh_fk_1, inh_fk_2, inh_fk_2_child;
+-- Test that parent and child CHECK constraints can be created in either order
+create table p1(f1 int);
+create table p1_c1() inherits(p1);
+alter table p1 add constraint inh_check_constraint1 check (f1 > 0);
+alter table p1_c1 add constraint inh_check_constraint1 check (f1 > 0);
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "inh_check_constraint1" with inherited definition
+alter table p1_c1 add constraint inh_check_constraint2 check (f1 < 10);
+alter table p1 add constraint inh_check_constraint2 check (f1 < 10);
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "inh_check_constraint2" with inherited definition
+select conrelid::regclass::text as relname, conname, conislocal, coninhcount
+from pg_constraint where conname like 'inh\_check\_constraint%'
+order by 1, 2;
+ relname |        conname        | conislocal | coninhcount 
+---------+-----------------------+------------+-------------
+ p1      | inh_check_constraint1 | t          |           0
+ p1      | inh_check_constraint2 | t          |           0
+ p1_c1   | inh_check_constraint1 | t          |           1
+ p1_c1   | inh_check_constraint2 | t          |           1
+(4 rows)
+
+drop table p1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table p1_c1
+-- Test that a valid child can have not-valid parent, but not vice versa
+create table invalid_check_con(f1 int);
+create table invalid_check_con_child() inherits(invalid_check_con);
+alter table invalid_check_con_child add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0) not valid;
+alter table invalid_check_con add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0); -- fail
+ERROR:  constraint "inh_check_constraint" conflicts with NOT VALID constraint on relation "invalid_check_con_child"
+alter table invalid_check_con_child drop constraint inh_check_constraint;
+insert into invalid_check_con values(0);
+alter table invalid_check_con_child add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0);
+alter table invalid_check_con add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0) not valid;
+NOTICE:  merging constraint "inh_check_constraint" with inherited definition
+insert into invalid_check_con values(0); -- fail
+ERROR:  new row for relation "invalid_check_con" violates check constraint "inh_check_constraint"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0).
+insert into invalid_check_con_child values(0); -- fail
+ERROR:  new row for relation "invalid_check_con_child" violates check constraint "inh_check_constraint"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0).
+select conrelid::regclass::text as relname, conname,
+       convalidated, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit
+from pg_constraint where conname like 'inh\_check\_constraint%'
+order by 1, 2;
+         relname         |       conname        | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit 
+-------------------------+----------------------+--------------+------------+-------------+--------------
+ invalid_check_con       | inh_check_constraint | f            | t          |           0 | f
+ invalid_check_con_child | inh_check_constraint | t            | t          |           1 | f
+(2 rows)
+
+-- We don't drop the invalid_check_con* tables, to test dump/reload with
+--
+-- Test parameterized append plans for inheritance trees
+--
+create temp table patest0 (id, x) as
+  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
+create temp table patest1() inherits (patest0);
+insert into patest1
+  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
+create temp table patest2() inherits (patest0);
+insert into patest2
+  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
+create index patest0i on patest0(id);
+create index patest1i on patest1(id);
+create index patest2i on patest2(id);
+analyze patest0;
+analyze patest1;
+analyze patest2;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Limit
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Index Scan using patest0i on patest0 patest0_1
+               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
+         ->  Index Scan using patest1i on patest1 patest0_2
+               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
+         ->  Index Scan using patest2i on patest2 patest0_3
+               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
+(10 rows)
+
+select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
+ id | x | f1 
+----+---+----
+  0 | 0 |  0
+  0 | 0 |  0
+  0 | 0 |  0
+(3 rows)
+
+drop index patest2i;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Limit
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Index Scan using patest0i on patest0 patest0_1
+               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
+         ->  Index Scan using patest1i on patest1 patest0_2
+               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on patest2 patest0_3
+               Filter: (int4_tbl.f1 = id)
+(10 rows)
+
+select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
+ id | x | f1 
+----+---+----
+  0 | 0 |  0
+  0 | 0 |  0
+  0 | 0 |  0
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table patest0 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table patest1
+drop cascades to table patest2
+--
+-- Test merge-append plans for inheritance trees
+--
+create table matest0 (id serial primary key, name text);
+create table matest1 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
+NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
+create table matest2 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
+NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
+create table matest3 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
+NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
+create index matest0i on matest0 ((1-id));
+create index matest1i on matest1 ((1-id));
+-- create index matest2i on matest2 ((1-id));  -- intentionally missing
+create index matest3i on matest3 ((1-id));
+insert into matest1 (name) values ('Test 1');
+insert into matest1 (name) values ('Test 2');
+insert into matest2 (name) values ('Test 3');
+insert into matest2 (name) values ('Test 4');
+insert into matest3 (name) values ('Test 5');
+insert into matest3 (name) values ('Test 6');
+set enable_indexscan = off;  -- force use of seqscan/sort, so no merge
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Output: matest0.id, matest0.name, ((1 - matest0.id))
+   Sort Key: ((1 - matest0.id))
+   ->  Result
+         Output: matest0.id, matest0.name, (1 - matest0.id)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest0 matest0_1
+                     Output: matest0_1.id, matest0_1.name
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest1 matest0_2
+                     Output: matest0_2.id, matest0_2.name
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest2 matest0_3
+                     Output: matest0_3.id, matest0_3.name
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest3 matest0_4
+                     Output: matest0_4.id, matest0_4.name
+(14 rows)
+
+select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
+ id |  name  
+----+--------
+  6 | Test 6
+  5 | Test 5
+  4 | Test 4
+  3 | Test 3
+  2 | Test 2
+  1 | Test 1
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off) select min(1-id) from matest0;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   Output: min((1 - matest0.id))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest0 matest0_1
+               Output: matest0_1.id
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest1 matest0_2
+               Output: matest0_2.id
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest2 matest0_3
+               Output: matest0_3.id
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest3 matest0_4
+               Output: matest0_4.id
+(11 rows)
+
+select min(1-id) from matest0;
+ min 
+-----
+  -5
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_indexscan;
+set enable_seqscan = off;  -- plan with fewest seqscans should be merge
+set enable_parallel_append = off; -- Don't let parallel-append interfere
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: ((1 - matest0.id))
+   ->  Index Scan using matest0i on public.matest0 matest0_1
+         Output: matest0_1.id, matest0_1.name, (1 - matest0_1.id)
+   ->  Index Scan using matest1i on public.matest1 matest0_2
+         Output: matest0_2.id, matest0_2.name, (1 - matest0_2.id)
+   ->  Sort
+         Output: matest0_3.id, matest0_3.name, ((1 - matest0_3.id))
+         Sort Key: ((1 - matest0_3.id))
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest2 matest0_3
+               Output: matest0_3.id, matest0_3.name, (1 - matest0_3.id)
+   ->  Index Scan using matest3i on public.matest3 matest0_4
+         Output: matest0_4.id, matest0_4.name, (1 - matest0_4.id)
+(13 rows)
+
+select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
+ id |  name  
+----+--------
+  6 | Test 6
+  5 | Test 5
+  4 | Test 4
+  3 | Test 3
+  2 | Test 2
+  1 | Test 1
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off) select min(1-id) from matest0;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: $0
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           Output: ((1 - matest0.id))
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: ((1 - matest0.id))
+                 ->  Merge Append
+                       Sort Key: ((1 - matest0.id))
+                       ->  Index Scan using matest0i on public.matest0 matest0_1
+                             Output: matest0_1.id, (1 - matest0_1.id)
+                             Index Cond: ((1 - matest0_1.id) IS NOT NULL)
+                       ->  Index Scan using matest1i on public.matest1 matest0_2
+                             Output: matest0_2.id, (1 - matest0_2.id)
+                             Index Cond: ((1 - matest0_2.id) IS NOT NULL)
+                       ->  Sort
+                             Output: matest0_3.id, ((1 - matest0_3.id))
+                             Sort Key: ((1 - matest0_3.id))
+                             ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on public.matest2 matest0_3
+                                   Output: matest0_3.id, (1 - matest0_3.id)
+                                   Filter: ((1 - matest0_3.id) IS NOT NULL)
+                                   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on matest2_pkey
+                       ->  Index Scan using matest3i on public.matest3 matest0_4
+                             Output: matest0_4.id, (1 - matest0_4.id)
+                             Index Cond: ((1 - matest0_4.id) IS NOT NULL)
+(25 rows)
+
+select min(1-id) from matest0;
+ min 
+-----
+  -5
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_parallel_append;
+drop table matest0 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table matest1
+drop cascades to table matest2
+drop cascades to table matest3
+--
+-- Check that use of an index with an extraneous column doesn't produce
+-- a plan with extraneous sorting
+--
+create table matest0 (a int, b int, c int, d int);
+create table matest1 () inherits(matest0);
+create index matest0i on matest0 (b, c);
+create index matest1i on matest1 (b, c);
+set enable_nestloop = off;  -- we want a plan with two MergeAppends
+explain (costs off)
+select t1.* from matest0 t1, matest0 t2
+where t1.b = t2.b and t2.c = t2.d
+order by t1.b limit 10;
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Merge Join
+         Merge Cond: (t1.b = t2.b)
+         ->  Merge Append
+               Sort Key: t1.b
+               ->  Index Scan using matest0i on matest0 t1_1
+               ->  Index Scan using matest1i on matest1 t1_2
+         ->  Materialize
+               ->  Merge Append
+                     Sort Key: t2.b
+                     ->  Index Scan using matest0i on matest0 t2_1
+                           Filter: (c = d)
+                     ->  Index Scan using matest1i on matest1 t2_2
+                           Filter: (c = d)
+(14 rows)
+
+reset enable_nestloop;
+drop table matest0 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table matest1
+--
+-- Test merge-append for UNION ALL append relations
+--
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+set enable_indexscan = on;
+set enable_bitmapscan = off;
+-- Check handling of duplicated, constant, or volatile targetlist items
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+UNION ALL
+SELECT thousand, thousand FROM tenk1
+ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: tenk1.thousand, tenk1.tenthous
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: tenk1_1.thousand, tenk1_1.thousand
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 tenk1_1
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT thousand, tenthous, thousand+tenthous AS x FROM tenk1
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 42, 42, hundred FROM tenk1
+ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: tenk1.thousand, tenk1.tenthous
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: 42, 42
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_hundred on tenk1 tenk1_1
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+UNION ALL
+SELECT thousand, random()::integer FROM tenk1
+ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: tenk1.thousand, tenk1.tenthous
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: tenk1_1.thousand, ((random())::integer)
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 tenk1_1
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Check min/max aggregate optimization
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT min(x) FROM
+  (SELECT unique1 AS x FROM tenk1 a
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT unique2 AS x FROM tenk1 b) s;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Merge Append
+                 Sort Key: a.unique1
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
+                       Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
+                       Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT min(y) FROM
+  (SELECT unique1 AS x, unique1 AS y FROM tenk1 a
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT unique2 AS x, unique2 AS y FROM tenk1 b) s;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Merge Append
+                 Sort Key: a.unique1
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
+                       Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
+                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
+                       Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
+(9 rows)
+
+-- XXX planner doesn't recognize that index on unique2 is sufficiently sorted
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT x, y FROM
+  (SELECT thousand AS x, tenthous AS y FROM tenk1 a
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT unique2 AS x, unique2 AS y FROM tenk1 b) s
+ORDER BY x, y;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: a.thousand, a.tenthous
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 a
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: b.unique2, b.unique2
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
+(6 rows)
+
+-- exercise rescan code path via a repeatedly-evaluated subquery
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT
+    ARRAY(SELECT f.i FROM (
+        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(4, 30, 3) d ORDER BY 1)
+        UNION ALL
+        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(0, 30, 5) d ORDER BY 1)
+    ) f(i)
+    ORDER BY f.i LIMIT 10)
+FROM generate_series(1, 3) g(i);
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on generate_series g
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Merge Append
+                 Sort Key: ((d.d + g.i))
+                 ->  Sort
+                       Sort Key: ((d.d + g.i))
+                       ->  Function Scan on generate_series d
+                 ->  Sort
+                       Sort Key: ((d_1.d + g.i))
+                       ->  Function Scan on generate_series d_1
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT
+    ARRAY(SELECT f.i FROM (
+        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(4, 30, 3) d ORDER BY 1)
+        UNION ALL
+        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(0, 30, 5) d ORDER BY 1)
+    ) f(i)
+    ORDER BY f.i LIMIT 10)
+FROM generate_series(1, 3) g(i);
+            array             
+------------------------------
+ {1,5,6,8,11,11,14,16,17,20}
+ {2,6,7,9,12,12,15,17,18,21}
+ {3,7,8,10,13,13,16,18,19,22}
+(3 rows)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+--
+-- Check handling of MULTIEXPR SubPlans in inherited updates
+--
+create table inhpar(f1 int, f2 name);
+create table inhcld(f2 name, f1 int);
+alter table inhcld inherit inhpar;
+insert into inhpar select x, x::text from generate_series(1,5) x;
+insert into inhcld select x::text, x from generate_series(6,10) x;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.inhpar i
+   Update on public.inhpar i_1
+   Update on public.inhcld i_2
+   ->  Result
+         Output: $2, $3, (SubPlan 1 (returns $2,$3)), i.tableoid, i.ctid
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.inhpar i_1
+                     Output: i_1.f1, i_1.f2, i_1.tableoid, i_1.ctid
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.inhcld i_2
+                     Output: i_2.f1, i_2.f2, i_2.tableoid, i_2.ctid
+         SubPlan 1 (returns $2,$3)
+           ->  Limit
+                 Output: (i.f1), (((i.f2)::text || '-'::text))
+                 ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl
+                       Output: i.f1, ((i.f2)::text || '-'::text)
+(15 rows)
+
+update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
+select * from inhpar;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | 1-
+  2 | 2-
+  3 | 3-
+  4 | 4-
+  5 | 5-
+  6 | 6-
+  7 | 7-
+  8 | 8-
+  9 | 9-
+ 10 | 10-
+(10 rows)
+
+drop table inhpar cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table inhcld
+--
+-- And the same for partitioned cases
+--
+create table inhpar(f1 int primary key, f2 name) partition by range (f1);
+create table inhcld1(f2 name, f1 int primary key);
+create table inhcld2(f1 int primary key, f2 name);
+alter table inhpar attach partition inhcld1 for values from (1) to (5);
+alter table inhpar attach partition inhcld2 for values from (5) to (100);
+insert into inhpar select x, x::text from generate_series(1,10) x;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.inhpar i
+   Update on public.inhcld1 i_1
+   Update on public.inhcld2 i_2
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.inhcld1 i_1
+               Output: $2, $3, (SubPlan 1 (returns $2,$3)), i_1.tableoid, i_1.ctid
+               SubPlan 1 (returns $2,$3)
+                 ->  Limit
+                       Output: (i_1.f1), (((i_1.f2)::text || '-'::text))
+                       ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl
+                             Output: i_1.f1, ((i_1.f2)::text || '-'::text)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.inhcld2 i_2
+               Output: $2, $3, (SubPlan 1 (returns $2,$3)), i_2.tableoid, i_2.ctid
+(13 rows)
+
+update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
+select * from inhpar;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | 1-
+  2 | 2-
+  3 | 3-
+  4 | 4-
+  5 | 5-
+  6 | 6-
+  7 | 7-
+  8 | 8-
+  9 | 9-
+ 10 | 10-
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Also check ON CONFLICT
+insert into inhpar as i values (3), (7) on conflict (f1)
+  do update set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '+');
+select * from inhpar order by f1;  -- tuple order might be unstable here
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | 1-
+  2 | 2-
+  3 | 3-+
+  4 | 4-
+  5 | 5-
+  6 | 6-
+  7 | 7-+
+  8 | 8-
+  9 | 9-
+ 10 | 10-
+(10 rows)
+
+drop table inhpar cascade;
+--
+-- Check handling of a constant-null CHECK constraint
+--
+create table cnullparent (f1 int);
+create table cnullchild (check (f1 = 1 or f1 = null)) inherits(cnullparent);
+insert into cnullchild values(1);
+insert into cnullchild values(2);
+insert into cnullchild values(null);
+select * from cnullparent;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+  2
+   
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from cnullparent where f1 = 2;
+ f1 
+----
+  2
+(1 row)
+
+drop table cnullparent cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table cnullchild
+--
+-- Check use of temporary tables with inheritance trees
+--
+create table inh_perm_parent (a1 int);
+create temp table inh_temp_parent (a1 int);
+create temp table inh_temp_child () inherits (inh_perm_parent); -- ok
+create table inh_perm_child () inherits (inh_temp_parent); -- error
+ERROR:  cannot inherit from temporary relation "inh_temp_parent"
+create temp table inh_temp_child_2 () inherits (inh_temp_parent); -- ok
+insert into inh_perm_parent values (1);
+insert into inh_temp_parent values (2);
+insert into inh_temp_child values (3);
+insert into inh_temp_child_2 values (4);
+select tableoid::regclass, a1 from inh_perm_parent;
+    tableoid     | a1 
+-----------------+----
+ inh_perm_parent |  1
+ inh_temp_child  |  3
+(2 rows)
+
+select tableoid::regclass, a1 from inh_temp_parent;
+     tableoid     | a1 
+------------------+----
+ inh_temp_parent  |  2
+ inh_temp_child_2 |  4
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table inh_perm_parent cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table inh_temp_child
+drop table inh_temp_parent cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table inh_temp_child_2
+--
+-- Check that constraint exclusion works correctly with partitions using
+-- implicit constraints generated from the partition bound information.
+--
+create table list_parted (
+	a	varchar
+) partition by list (a);
+create table part_ab_cd partition of list_parted for values in ('ab', 'cd');
+create table part_ef_gh partition of list_parted for values in ('ef', 'gh');
+create table part_null_xy partition of list_parted for values in (null, 'xy');
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_ab_cd list_parted_1
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_ef_gh list_parted_2
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_null_xy list_parted_3
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a is null;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on part_null_xy list_parted
+   Filter: (a IS NULL)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a is not null;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_ab_cd list_parted_1
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_ef_gh list_parted_2
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_null_xy list_parted_3
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a in ('ab', 'cd', 'ef');
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_ab_cd list_parted_1
+         Filter: ((a)::text = ANY ('{ab,cd,ef}'::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_ef_gh list_parted_2
+         Filter: ((a)::text = ANY ('{ab,cd,ef}'::text[]))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a = 'ab' or a in (null, 'cd');
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on part_ab_cd list_parted
+   Filter: (((a)::text = 'ab'::text) OR ((a)::text = ANY ('{NULL,cd}'::text[])))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a = 'ab';
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on part_ab_cd list_parted
+   Filter: ((a)::text = 'ab'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+create table range_list_parted (
+	a	int,
+	b	char(2)
+) partition by range (a);
+create table part_1_10 partition of range_list_parted for values from (1) to (10) partition by list (b);
+create table part_1_10_ab partition of part_1_10 for values in ('ab');
+create table part_1_10_cd partition of part_1_10 for values in ('cd');
+create table part_10_20 partition of range_list_parted for values from (10) to (20) partition by list (b);
+create table part_10_20_ab partition of part_10_20 for values in ('ab');
+create table part_10_20_cd partition of part_10_20 for values in ('cd');
+create table part_21_30 partition of range_list_parted for values from (21) to (30) partition by list (b);
+create table part_21_30_ab partition of part_21_30 for values in ('ab');
+create table part_21_30_cd partition of part_21_30 for values in ('cd');
+create table part_40_inf partition of range_list_parted for values from (40) to (maxvalue) partition by list (b);
+create table part_40_inf_ab partition of part_40_inf for values in ('ab');
+create table part_40_inf_cd partition of part_40_inf for values in ('cd');
+create table part_40_inf_null partition of part_40_inf for values in (null);
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_ab range_list_parted_1
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_cd range_list_parted_2
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_ab range_list_parted_3
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_cd range_list_parted_4
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_ab range_list_parted_5
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_cd range_list_parted_6
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_ab range_list_parted_7
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_cd range_list_parted_8
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_null range_list_parted_9
+(10 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a = 5;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_ab range_list_parted_1
+         Filter: (a = 5)
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_cd range_list_parted_2
+         Filter: (a = 5)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where b = 'ab';
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_ab range_list_parted_1
+         Filter: (b = 'ab'::bpchar)
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_ab range_list_parted_2
+         Filter: (b = 'ab'::bpchar)
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_ab range_list_parted_3
+         Filter: (b = 'ab'::bpchar)
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_ab range_list_parted_4
+         Filter: (b = 'ab'::bpchar)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a between 3 and 23 and b in ('ab');
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_ab range_list_parted_1
+         Filter: ((a >= 3) AND (a <= 23) AND (b = 'ab'::bpchar))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_ab range_list_parted_2
+         Filter: ((a >= 3) AND (a <= 23) AND (b = 'ab'::bpchar))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_ab range_list_parted_3
+         Filter: ((a >= 3) AND (a <= 23) AND (b = 'ab'::bpchar))
+(7 rows)
+
+/* Should select no rows because range partition key cannot be null */
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a is null;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+/* Should only select rows from the null-accepting partition */
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where b is null;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on part_40_inf_null range_list_parted
+   Filter: (b IS NULL)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a is not null and a < 67;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_ab range_list_parted_1
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_cd range_list_parted_2
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_ab range_list_parted_3
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_cd range_list_parted_4
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_ab range_list_parted_5
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_cd range_list_parted_6
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_ab range_list_parted_7
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_cd range_list_parted_8
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_null range_list_parted_9
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
+(19 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a >= 30;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_ab range_list_parted_1
+         Filter: (a >= 30)
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_cd range_list_parted_2
+         Filter: (a >= 30)
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_null range_list_parted_3
+         Filter: (a >= 30)
+(7 rows)
+
+drop table list_parted;
+drop table range_list_parted;
+-- check that constraint exclusion is able to cope with the partition
+-- constraint emitted for multi-column range partitioned tables
+create table mcrparted (a int, b int, c int) partition by range (a, abs(b), c);
+create table mcrparted_def partition of mcrparted default;
+create table mcrparted0 partition of mcrparted for values from (minvalue, minvalue, minvalue) to (1, 1, 1);
+create table mcrparted1 partition of mcrparted for values from (1, 1, 1) to (10, 5, 10);
+create table mcrparted2 partition of mcrparted for values from (10, 5, 10) to (10, 10, 10);
+create table mcrparted3 partition of mcrparted for values from (11, 1, 1) to (20, 10, 10);
+create table mcrparted4 partition of mcrparted for values from (20, 10, 10) to (20, 20, 20);
+create table mcrparted5 partition of mcrparted for values from (20, 20, 20) to (maxvalue, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 0;	-- scans mcrparted0, mcrparted_def
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
+         Filter: (a = 0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_2
+         Filter: (a = 0)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 10 and abs(b) < 5;	-- scans mcrparted1, mcrparted_def
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted1 mcrparted_1
+         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) < 5))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_2
+         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) < 5))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 10 and abs(b) = 5;	-- scans mcrparted1, mcrparted2, mcrparted_def
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted1 mcrparted_1
+         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted2 mcrparted_2
+         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_3
+         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where abs(b) = 5;	-- scans all partitions
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
+         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
+         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
+         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
+         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
+         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted5 mcrparted_6
+         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_7
+         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
+(15 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a > -1;	-- scans all partitions
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
+         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
+         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
+         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
+         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
+         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted5 mcrparted_6
+         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_7
+         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
+(15 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 20 and abs(b) = 10 and c > 10;	-- scans mcrparted4
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mcrparted4 mcrparted
+   Filter: ((c > 10) AND (a = 20) AND (abs(b) = 10))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 20 and c > 20; -- scans mcrparted3, mcrparte4, mcrparte5, mcrparted_def
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted3 mcrparted_1
+         Filter: ((c > 20) AND (a = 20))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted4 mcrparted_2
+         Filter: ((c > 20) AND (a = 20))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted5 mcrparted_3
+         Filter: ((c > 20) AND (a = 20))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_4
+         Filter: ((c > 20) AND (a = 20))
+(9 rows)
+
+-- check that partitioned table Appends cope with being referenced in
+-- subplans
+create table parted_minmax (a int, b varchar(16)) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_minmax1 partition of parted_minmax for values from (1) to (10);
+create index parted_minmax1i on parted_minmax1 (a, b);
+insert into parted_minmax values (1,'12345');
+explain (costs off) select min(a), max(a) from parted_minmax where b = '12345';
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                           
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan using parted_minmax1i on parted_minmax1 parted_minmax
+                 Index Cond: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b = '12345'::text))
+   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using parted_minmax1i on parted_minmax1 parted_minmax_1
+                 Index Cond: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b = '12345'::text))
+(9 rows)
+
+select min(a), max(a) from parted_minmax where b = '12345';
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+   1 |   1
+(1 row)
+
+drop table parted_minmax;
+-- Test code that uses Append nodes in place of MergeAppend when the
+-- partition ordering matches the desired ordering.
+create index mcrparted_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted (a, abs(b), c);
+-- MergeAppend must be used when a default partition exists
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: mcrparted.a, (abs(mcrparted.b)), mcrparted.c
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted4_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted5_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5 mcrparted_6
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted_def_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted_def mcrparted_7
+(9 rows)
+
+drop table mcrparted_def;
+-- Append is used for a RANGE partitioned table with no default
+-- and no subpartitions
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted4_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted5_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5 mcrparted_6
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Append is used with subpaths in reverse order with backwards index scans
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a desc, abs(b) desc, c desc;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted5_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5 mcrparted_6
+   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted4_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
+   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
+   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
+   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
+   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
+(7 rows)
+
+-- check that Append plan is used containing a MergeAppend for sub-partitions
+-- that are unordered.
+drop table mcrparted5;
+create table mcrparted5 partition of mcrparted for values from (20, 20, 20) to (maxvalue, maxvalue, maxvalue) partition by list (a);
+create table mcrparted5a partition of mcrparted5 for values in(20);
+create table mcrparted5_def partition of mcrparted5 default;
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted4_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
+   ->  Merge Append
+         Sort Key: mcrparted_7.a, (abs(mcrparted_7.b)), mcrparted_7.c
+         ->  Index Scan using mcrparted5a_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5a mcrparted_7
+         ->  Index Scan using mcrparted5_def_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5_def mcrparted_8
+(10 rows)
+
+drop table mcrparted5_def;
+-- check that an Append plan is used and the sub-partitions are flattened
+-- into the main Append when the sub-partition is unordered but contains
+-- just a single sub-partition.
+explain (costs off) select a, abs(b) from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted4_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted5a_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5a mcrparted_6
+(7 rows)
+
+-- check that Append is used when the sub-partitioned tables are pruned
+-- during planning.
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a < 20 order by a, abs(b), c;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
+         Index Cond: (a < 20)
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
+         Index Cond: (a < 20)
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
+         Index Cond: (a < 20)
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
+         Index Cond: (a < 20)
+(9 rows)
+
+set enable_bitmapscan to off;
+set enable_sort to off;
+create table mclparted (a int) partition by list(a);
+create table mclparted1 partition of mclparted for values in(1);
+create table mclparted2 partition of mclparted for values in(2);
+create index on mclparted (a);
+-- Ensure an Append is used for a list partition with an order by.
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted order by a;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Ensure a MergeAppend is used when a partition exists with interleaved
+-- datums in the partition bound.
+create table mclparted3_5 partition of mclparted for values in(3,5);
+create table mclparted4 partition of mclparted for values in(4);
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted order by a;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: mclparted.a
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted3_5_a_idx on mclparted3_5 mclparted_3
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_4
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(3,4,5) order by a;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: mclparted.a
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted3_5_a_idx on mclparted3_5 mclparted_1
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{3,4,5}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_2
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{3,4,5}'::integer[]))
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Introduce a NULL and DEFAULT partition so we can test more complex cases
+create table mclparted_null partition of mclparted for values in(null);
+create table mclparted_def partition of mclparted default;
+-- Append can be used providing we don't scan the interleaved partition
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) order by a;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_3
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) or a is null order by a;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
+         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
+         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_3
+         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted_null_a_idx on mclparted_null mclparted_4
+         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Test a more complex case where the NULL partition allows some other value
+drop table mclparted_null;
+create table mclparted_0_null partition of mclparted for values in(0,null);
+-- Ensure MergeAppend is used since 0 and NULLs are in the same partition.
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) or a is null order by a;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: mclparted.a
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted_0_null_a_idx on mclparted_0_null mclparted_1
+         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_2
+         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_3
+         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_4
+         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
+(10 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(0,1,2,4) order by a;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: mclparted.a
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted_0_null_a_idx on mclparted_0_null mclparted_1
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{0,1,2,4}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_2
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{0,1,2,4}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_3
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{0,1,2,4}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_4
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{0,1,2,4}'::integer[]))
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Ensure Append is used when the null partition is pruned
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) order by a;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_3
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Ensure MergeAppend is used when the default partition is not pruned
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4,100) order by a;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: mclparted.a
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4,100}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4,100}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_3
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4,100}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted_def_a_idx on mclparted_def mclparted_4
+         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4,100}'::integer[]))
+(10 rows)
+
+drop table mclparted;
+reset enable_sort;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+-- Ensure subplans which don't have a path with the correct pathkeys get
+-- sorted correctly.
+drop index mcrparted_a_abs_c_idx;
+create index on mcrparted1 (a, abs(b), c);
+create index on mcrparted2 (a, abs(b), c);
+create index on mcrparted3 (a, abs(b), c);
+create index on mcrparted4 (a, abs(b), c);
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a < 20 order by a, abs(b), c limit 1;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: mcrparted_1.a, (abs(mcrparted_1.b)), mcrparted_1.c
+               ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
+                     Filter: (a < 20)
+         ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
+               Index Cond: (a < 20)
+         ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
+               Index Cond: (a < 20)
+         ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
+               Index Cond: (a < 20)
+(12 rows)
+
+set enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+-- Ensure Append node can be used when the partition is ordered by some
+-- pathkeys which were deemed redundant.
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 10 order by a, abs(b), c;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_1
+         Index Cond: (a = 10)
+   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_2
+         Index Cond: (a = 10)
+(5 rows)
+
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+drop table mcrparted;
+-- Ensure LIST partitions allow an Append to be used instead of a MergeAppend
+create table bool_lp (b bool) partition by list(b);
+create table bool_lp_true partition of bool_lp for values in(true);
+create table bool_lp_false partition of bool_lp for values in(false);
+create index on bool_lp (b);
+explain (costs off) select * from bool_lp order by b;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_lp_false_b_idx on bool_lp_false bool_lp_1
+   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_lp_true_b_idx on bool_lp_true bool_lp_2
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table bool_lp;
+-- Ensure const bool quals can be properly detected as redundant
+create table bool_rp (b bool, a int) partition by range(b,a);
+create table bool_rp_false_1k partition of bool_rp for values from (false,0) to (false,1000);
+create table bool_rp_true_1k partition of bool_rp for values from (true,0) to (true,1000);
+create table bool_rp_false_2k partition of bool_rp for values from (false,1000) to (false,2000);
+create table bool_rp_true_2k partition of bool_rp for values from (true,1000) to (true,2000);
+create index on bool_rp (b,a);
+explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = true order by b,a;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_true_1k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_true_1k bool_rp_1
+         Index Cond: (b = true)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_true_2k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_true_2k bool_rp_2
+         Index Cond: (b = true)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = false order by b,a;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_false_1k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_false_1k bool_rp_1
+         Index Cond: (b = false)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_false_2k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_false_2k bool_rp_2
+         Index Cond: (b = false)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = true order by a;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_true_1k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_true_1k bool_rp_1
+         Index Cond: (b = true)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_true_2k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_true_2k bool_rp_2
+         Index Cond: (b = true)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = false order by a;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_false_1k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_false_1k bool_rp_1
+         Index Cond: (b = false)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_false_2k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_false_2k bool_rp_2
+         Index Cond: (b = false)
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table bool_rp;
+-- Ensure an Append scan is chosen when the partition order is a subset of
+-- the required order.
+create table range_parted (a int, b int, c int) partition by range(a, b);
+create table range_parted1 partition of range_parted for values from (0,0) to (10,10);
+create table range_parted2 partition of range_parted for values from (10,10) to (20,20);
+create index on range_parted (a,b,c);
+explain (costs off) select * from range_parted order by a,b,c;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Only Scan using range_parted1_a_b_c_idx on range_parted1 range_parted_1
+   ->  Index Only Scan using range_parted2_a_b_c_idx on range_parted2 range_parted_2
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from range_parted order by a desc,b desc,c desc;
+                                          QUERY PLAN                                          
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Only Scan Backward using range_parted2_a_b_c_idx on range_parted2 range_parted_2
+   ->  Index Only Scan Backward using range_parted1_a_b_c_idx on range_parted1 range_parted_1
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table range_parted;
+-- Check that we allow access to a child table's statistics when the user
+-- has permissions only for the parent table.
+create table permtest_parent (a int, b text, c text) partition by list (a);
+create table permtest_child (b text, c text, a int) partition by list (b);
+create table permtest_grandchild (c text, b text, a int);
+alter table permtest_child attach partition permtest_grandchild for values in ('a');
+alter table permtest_parent attach partition permtest_child for values in (1);
+create index on permtest_parent (left(c, 3));
+insert into permtest_parent
+  select 1, 'a', left(md5(i::text), 5) from generate_series(0, 100) i;
+analyze permtest_parent;
+create role regress_no_child_access;
+revoke all on permtest_grandchild from regress_no_child_access;
+grant select on permtest_parent to regress_no_child_access;
+set session authorization regress_no_child_access;
+-- without stats access, these queries would produce hash join plans:
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
+  on p1.a = p2.a and p1.c ~ 'a1$';
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (p1.a = p2.a)
+   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p1
+         Filter: (c ~ 'a1$'::text)
+   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p2
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
+  on p1.a = p2.a and left(p1.c, 3) ~ 'a1$';
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (p1.a = p2.a)
+   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p1
+         Filter: ("left"(c, 3) ~ 'a1$'::text)
+   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p2
+(5 rows)
+
+reset session authorization;
+revoke all on permtest_parent from regress_no_child_access;
+grant select(a,c) on permtest_parent to regress_no_child_access;
+set session authorization regress_no_child_access;
+explain (costs off)
+  select p2.a, p1.c from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
+  on p1.a = p2.a and p1.c ~ 'a1$';
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (p1.a = p2.a)
+   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p1
+         Filter: (c ~ 'a1$'::text)
+   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p2
+(5 rows)
+
+-- we will not have access to the expression index's stats here:
+explain (costs off)
+  select p2.a, p1.c from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
+  on p1.a = p2.a and left(p1.c, 3) ~ 'a1$';
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (p2.a = p1.a)
+   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p2
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p1
+               Filter: ("left"(c, 3) ~ 'a1$'::text)
+(6 rows)
+
+reset session authorization;
+revoke all on permtest_parent from regress_no_child_access;
+drop role regress_no_child_access;
+drop table permtest_parent;
+-- Verify that constraint errors across partition root / child are
+-- handled correctly (Bug #16293)
+CREATE TABLE errtst_parent (
+    partid int not null,
+    shdata int not null,
+    data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3)
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (partid);
+-- fast defaults lead to attribute mapping being used in one
+-- direction, but not the other
+CREATE TABLE errtst_child_fastdef (
+    partid int not null,
+    shdata int not null,
+    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3)
+);
+-- no remapping in either direction necessary
+CREATE TABLE errtst_child_plaindef (
+    partid int not null,
+    shdata int not null,
+    data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3),
+    CHECK(data < 10)
+);
+-- remapping in both direction
+CREATE TABLE errtst_child_reorder (
+    data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    shdata int not null,
+    partid int not null,
+    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3),
+    CHECK(data < 10)
+);
+ALTER TABLE errtst_child_fastdef ADD COLUMN data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE errtst_child_fastdef ADD CONSTRAINT errtest_child_fastdef_data_check CHECK (data < 10);
+ALTER TABLE errtst_parent ATTACH PARTITION errtst_child_fastdef FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+ALTER TABLE errtst_parent ATTACH PARTITION errtst_child_plaindef FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+ALTER TABLE errtst_parent ATTACH PARTITION errtst_child_reorder FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+-- insert without child check constraint error
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '1', '5');
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '1', '5');
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '1', '5');
+-- insert with child check constraint error
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '1', '10');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates check constraint "errtest_child_fastdef_data_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, 1, 10).
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '1', '10');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates check constraint "errtst_child_plaindef_data_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 1, 10).
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '1', '10');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates check constraint "errtst_child_reorder_data_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 1, 10).
+-- insert with child not null constraint error
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '1', NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "data" of relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, 1, null).
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '1', NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "data" of relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 1, null).
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '1', NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "data" of relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 1, null).
+-- insert with shared check constraint error
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '5', '5');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates check constraint "shdata_small"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, 5, 5).
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '5', '5');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates check constraint "shdata_small"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 5, 5).
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '5', '5');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates check constraint "shdata_small"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 5, 5).
+-- within partition update without child check constraint violation
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 0;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 10;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 20;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- within partition update with child check constraint violation
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 0;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates check constraint "errtest_child_fastdef_data_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, 1, 15).
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 10;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates check constraint "errtst_child_plaindef_data_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 1, 15).
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates check constraint "errtst_child_reorder_data_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 1, 15).
+-- direct leaf partition update, without partition id violation
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE errtst_child_fastdef SET partid = 1 WHERE partid = 0;
+UPDATE errtst_child_plaindef SET partid = 11 WHERE partid = 10;
+UPDATE errtst_child_reorder SET partid = 21 WHERE partid = 20;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- direct leaf partition update, with partition id violation
+UPDATE errtst_child_fastdef SET partid = partid + 10 WHERE partid = 0;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 1, 5).
+UPDATE errtst_child_plaindef SET partid = partid + 10 WHERE partid = 10;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 1, 5).
+UPDATE errtst_child_reorder SET partid = partid + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (5, 1, 30).
+-- partition move, without child check constraint violation
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 10, data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 0;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 20, data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 10;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 0, data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 20;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- partition move, with child check constraint violation
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 10, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 0;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates check constraint "errtst_child_plaindef_data_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 1, 15).
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 20, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 10;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates check constraint "errtst_child_reorder_data_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 1, 15).
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 0, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates check constraint "errtest_child_fastdef_data_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, 1, 15).
+-- partition move, without target partition
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 30, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "errtst_parent" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (partid) = (30).
+DROP TABLE errtst_parent;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/init_privs.out b/src/test/regress/expected/init_privs.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..292b1a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/init_privs.out
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+-- Test initial privileges
+-- There should always be some initial privileges, set up by initdb
+SELECT count(*) > 0 FROM pg_init_privs;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Intentionally include some non-initial privs for pg_dump to dump out
+GRANT SELECT ON pg_proc TO CURRENT_USER;
+GRANT SELECT (prosrc) ON pg_proc TO CURRENT_USER;
+GRANT SELECT (rolname, rolsuper) ON pg_authid TO CURRENT_USER;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/insert.out b/src/test/regress/expected/insert.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd4354f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/insert.out
@@ -0,0 +1,982 @@
+--
+-- insert with DEFAULT in the target_list
+--
+create table inserttest (col1 int4, col2 int4 NOT NULL, col3 text default 'testing');
+insert into inserttest (col1, col2, col3) values (DEFAULT, DEFAULT, DEFAULT);
+ERROR:  null value in column "col2" of relation "inserttest" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null, testing).
+insert into inserttest (col2, col3) values (3, DEFAULT);
+insert into inserttest (col1, col2, col3) values (DEFAULT, 5, DEFAULT);
+insert into inserttest values (DEFAULT, 5, 'test');
+insert into inserttest values (DEFAULT, 7);
+select * from inserttest;
+ col1 | col2 |  col3   
+------+------+---------
+      |    3 | testing
+      |    5 | testing
+      |    5 | test
+      |    7 | testing
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- insert with similar expression / target_list values (all fail)
+--
+insert into inserttest (col1, col2, col3) values (DEFAULT, DEFAULT);
+ERROR:  INSERT has more target columns than expressions
+LINE 1: insert into inserttest (col1, col2, col3) values (DEFAULT, D...
+                                            ^
+insert into inserttest (col1, col2, col3) values (1, 2);
+ERROR:  INSERT has more target columns than expressions
+LINE 1: insert into inserttest (col1, col2, col3) values (1, 2);
+                                            ^
+insert into inserttest (col1) values (1, 2);
+ERROR:  INSERT has more expressions than target columns
+LINE 1: insert into inserttest (col1) values (1, 2);
+                                                 ^
+insert into inserttest (col1) values (DEFAULT, DEFAULT);
+ERROR:  INSERT has more expressions than target columns
+LINE 1: insert into inserttest (col1) values (DEFAULT, DEFAULT);
+                                                       ^
+select * from inserttest;
+ col1 | col2 |  col3   
+------+------+---------
+      |    3 | testing
+      |    5 | testing
+      |    5 | test
+      |    7 | testing
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- VALUES test
+--
+insert into inserttest values(10, 20, '40'), (-1, 2, DEFAULT),
+    ((select 2), (select i from (values(3)) as foo (i)), 'values are fun!');
+select * from inserttest;
+ col1 | col2 |      col3       
+------+------+-----------------
+      |    3 | testing
+      |    5 | testing
+      |    5 | test
+      |    7 | testing
+   10 |   20 | 40
+   -1 |    2 | testing
+    2 |    3 | values are fun!
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- TOASTed value test
+--
+insert into inserttest values(30, 50, repeat('x', 10000));
+select col1, col2, char_length(col3) from inserttest;
+ col1 | col2 | char_length 
+------+------+-------------
+      |    3 |           7
+      |    5 |           7
+      |    5 |           4
+      |    7 |           7
+   10 |   20 |           2
+   -1 |    2 |           7
+    2 |    3 |          15
+   30 |   50 |       10000
+(8 rows)
+
+drop table inserttest;
+--
+-- tuple larger than fillfactor
+--
+CREATE TABLE large_tuple_test (a int, b text) WITH (fillfactor = 10);
+ALTER TABLE large_tuple_test ALTER COLUMN b SET STORAGE plain;
+-- create page w/ free space in range [nearlyEmptyFreeSpace, MaxHeapTupleSize)
+INSERT INTO large_tuple_test (select 1, NULL);
+-- should still fit on the page
+INSERT INTO large_tuple_test (select 2, repeat('a', 1000));
+SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size('large_tuple_test'::regclass, 'main'));
+ pg_size_pretty 
+----------------
+ 8192 bytes
+(1 row)
+
+-- add small record to the second page
+INSERT INTO large_tuple_test (select 3, NULL);
+-- now this tuple won't fit on the second page, but the insert should
+-- still succeed by extending the relation
+INSERT INTO large_tuple_test (select 4, repeat('a', 8126));
+DROP TABLE large_tuple_test;
+--
+-- check indirection (field/array assignment), cf bug #14265
+--
+-- these tests are aware that transformInsertStmt has 3 separate code paths
+--
+create type insert_test_type as (if1 int, if2 text[]);
+create table inserttest (f1 int, f2 int[],
+                         f3 insert_test_type, f4 insert_test_type[]);
+insert into inserttest (f2[1], f2[2]) values (1,2);
+insert into inserttest (f2[1], f2[2]) values (3,4), (5,6);
+insert into inserttest (f2[1], f2[2]) select 7,8;
+insert into inserttest (f2[1], f2[2]) values (1,default);  -- not supported
+ERROR:  cannot set an array element to DEFAULT
+LINE 1: insert into inserttest (f2[1], f2[2]) values (1,default);
+                                       ^
+insert into inserttest (f3.if1, f3.if2) values (1,array['foo']);
+insert into inserttest (f3.if1, f3.if2) values (1,'{foo}'), (2,'{bar}');
+insert into inserttest (f3.if1, f3.if2) select 3, '{baz,quux}';
+insert into inserttest (f3.if1, f3.if2) values (1,default);  -- not supported
+ERROR:  cannot set a subfield to DEFAULT
+LINE 1: insert into inserttest (f3.if1, f3.if2) values (1,default);
+                                        ^
+insert into inserttest (f3.if2[1], f3.if2[2]) values ('foo', 'bar');
+insert into inserttest (f3.if2[1], f3.if2[2]) values ('foo', 'bar'), ('baz', 'quux');
+insert into inserttest (f3.if2[1], f3.if2[2]) select 'bear', 'beer';
+insert into inserttest (f4[1].if2[1], f4[1].if2[2]) values ('foo', 'bar');
+insert into inserttest (f4[1].if2[1], f4[1].if2[2]) values ('foo', 'bar'), ('baz', 'quux');
+insert into inserttest (f4[1].if2[1], f4[1].if2[2]) select 'bear', 'beer';
+select * from inserttest;
+ f1 |  f2   |        f3        |           f4           
+----+-------+------------------+------------------------
+    | {1,2} |                  | 
+    | {3,4} |                  | 
+    | {5,6} |                  | 
+    | {7,8} |                  | 
+    |       | (1,{foo})        | 
+    |       | (1,{foo})        | 
+    |       | (2,{bar})        | 
+    |       | (3,"{baz,quux}") | 
+    |       | (,"{foo,bar}")   | 
+    |       | (,"{foo,bar}")   | 
+    |       | (,"{baz,quux}")  | 
+    |       | (,"{bear,beer}") | 
+    |       |                  | {"(,\"{foo,bar}\")"}
+    |       |                  | {"(,\"{foo,bar}\")"}
+    |       |                  | {"(,\"{baz,quux}\")"}
+    |       |                  | {"(,\"{bear,beer}\")"}
+(16 rows)
+
+-- also check reverse-listing
+create table inserttest2 (f1 bigint, f2 text);
+create rule irule1 as on insert to inserttest2 do also
+  insert into inserttest (f3.if2[1], f3.if2[2])
+  values (new.f1,new.f2);
+create rule irule2 as on insert to inserttest2 do also
+  insert into inserttest (f4[1].if1, f4[1].if2[2])
+  values (1,'fool'),(new.f1,new.f2);
+create rule irule3 as on insert to inserttest2 do also
+  insert into inserttest (f4[1].if1, f4[1].if2[2])
+  select new.f1, new.f2;
+\d+ inserttest2
+                                Table "public.inserttest2"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | bigint |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ f2     | text   |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Rules:
+    irule1 AS
+    ON INSERT TO inserttest2 DO  INSERT INTO inserttest (f3.if2[1], f3.if2[2])
+  VALUES (new.f1, new.f2)
+    irule2 AS
+    ON INSERT TO inserttest2 DO  INSERT INTO inserttest (f4[1].if1, f4[1].if2[2]) VALUES (1,'fool'::text), (new.f1,new.f2)
+    irule3 AS
+    ON INSERT TO inserttest2 DO  INSERT INTO inserttest (f4[1].if1, f4[1].if2[2])  SELECT new.f1,
+            new.f2
+
+drop table inserttest2;
+drop table inserttest;
+drop type insert_test_type;
+-- direct partition inserts should check partition bound constraint
+create table range_parted (
+	a text,
+	b int
+) partition by range (a, (b+0));
+-- no partitions, so fail
+insert into range_parted values ('a', 11);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "range_parted" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (a, (b + 0)) = (a, 11).
+create table part1 partition of range_parted for values from ('a', 1) to ('a', 10);
+create table part2 partition of range_parted for values from ('a', 10) to ('a', 20);
+create table part3 partition of range_parted for values from ('b', 1) to ('b', 10);
+create table part4 partition of range_parted for values from ('b', 10) to ('b', 20);
+-- fail
+insert into part1 values ('a', 11);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, 11).
+insert into part1 values ('b', 1);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (b, 1).
+-- ok
+insert into part1 values ('a', 1);
+-- fail
+insert into part4 values ('b', 21);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part4" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (b, 21).
+insert into part4 values ('a', 10);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part4" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, 10).
+-- ok
+insert into part4 values ('b', 10);
+-- fail (partition key a has a NOT NULL constraint)
+insert into part1 values (null);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
+-- fail (expression key (b+0) cannot be null either)
+insert into part1 values (1);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, null).
+create table list_parted (
+	a text,
+	b int
+) partition by list (lower(a));
+create table part_aa_bb partition of list_parted FOR VALUES IN ('aa', 'bb');
+create table part_cc_dd partition of list_parted FOR VALUES IN ('cc', 'dd');
+create table part_null partition of list_parted FOR VALUES IN (null);
+-- fail
+insert into part_aa_bb values ('cc', 1);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_aa_bb" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (cc, 1).
+insert into part_aa_bb values ('AAa', 1);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_aa_bb" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (AAa, 1).
+insert into part_aa_bb values (null);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_aa_bb" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
+-- ok
+insert into part_cc_dd values ('cC', 1);
+insert into part_null values (null, 0);
+-- check in case of multi-level partitioned table
+create table part_ee_ff partition of list_parted for values in ('ee', 'ff') partition by range (b);
+create table part_ee_ff1 partition of part_ee_ff for values from (1) to (10);
+create table part_ee_ff2 partition of part_ee_ff for values from (10) to (20);
+-- test default partition
+create table part_default partition of list_parted default;
+-- Negative test: a row, which would fit in other partition, does not fit
+-- default partition, even when inserted directly
+insert into part_default values ('aa', 2);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_default" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (aa, 2).
+insert into part_default values (null, 2);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_default" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, 2).
+-- ok
+insert into part_default values ('Zz', 2);
+-- test if default partition works as expected for multi-level partitioned
+-- table as well as when default partition itself is further partitioned
+drop table part_default;
+create table part_xx_yy partition of list_parted for values in ('xx', 'yy') partition by list (a);
+create table part_xx_yy_p1 partition of part_xx_yy for values in ('xx');
+create table part_xx_yy_defpart partition of part_xx_yy default;
+create table part_default partition of list_parted default partition by range(b);
+create table part_default_p1 partition of part_default for values from (20) to (30);
+create table part_default_p2 partition of part_default for values from (30) to (40);
+-- fail
+insert into part_ee_ff1 values ('EE', 11);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_ee_ff1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (EE, 11).
+insert into part_default_p2 values ('gg', 43);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_default_p2" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (gg, 43).
+-- fail (even the parent's, ie, part_ee_ff's partition constraint applies)
+insert into part_ee_ff1 values ('cc', 1);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_ee_ff1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (cc, 1).
+insert into part_default values ('gg', 43);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "part_default" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (b) = (43).
+-- ok
+insert into part_ee_ff1 values ('ff', 1);
+insert into part_ee_ff2 values ('ff', 11);
+insert into part_default_p1 values ('cd', 25);
+insert into part_default_p2 values ('de', 35);
+insert into list_parted values ('ab', 21);
+insert into list_parted values ('xx', 1);
+insert into list_parted values ('yy', 2);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from list_parted;
+      tableoid      | a  | b  
+--------------------+----+----
+ part_cc_dd         | cC |  1
+ part_ee_ff1        | ff |  1
+ part_ee_ff2        | ff | 11
+ part_xx_yy_p1      | xx |  1
+ part_xx_yy_defpart | yy |  2
+ part_null          |    |  0
+ part_default_p1    | cd | 25
+ part_default_p1    | ab | 21
+ part_default_p2    | de | 35
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Check tuple routing for partitioned tables
+-- fail
+insert into range_parted values ('a', 0);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "range_parted" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (a, (b + 0)) = (a, 0).
+-- ok
+insert into range_parted values ('a', 1);
+insert into range_parted values ('a', 10);
+-- fail
+insert into range_parted values ('a', 20);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "range_parted" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (a, (b + 0)) = (a, 20).
+-- ok
+insert into range_parted values ('b', 1);
+insert into range_parted values ('b', 10);
+-- fail (partition key (b+0) is null)
+insert into range_parted values ('a');
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "range_parted" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (a, (b + 0)) = (a, null).
+-- Check default partition
+create table part_def partition of range_parted default;
+-- fail
+insert into part_def values ('b', 10);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_def" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (b, 10).
+-- ok
+insert into part_def values ('c', 10);
+insert into range_parted values (null, null);
+insert into range_parted values ('a', null);
+insert into range_parted values (null, 19);
+insert into range_parted values ('b', 20);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from range_parted;
+ tableoid | a | b  
+----------+---+----
+ part1    | a |  1
+ part1    | a |  1
+ part2    | a | 10
+ part3    | b |  1
+ part4    | b | 10
+ part4    | b | 10
+ part_def | c | 10
+ part_def |   |   
+ part_def | a |   
+ part_def |   | 19
+ part_def | b | 20
+(11 rows)
+
+-- ok
+insert into list_parted values (null, 1);
+insert into list_parted (a) values ('aA');
+-- fail (partition of part_ee_ff not found in both cases)
+insert into list_parted values ('EE', 0);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "part_ee_ff" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (b) = (0).
+insert into part_ee_ff values ('EE', 0);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "part_ee_ff" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (b) = (0).
+-- ok
+insert into list_parted values ('EE', 1);
+insert into part_ee_ff values ('EE', 10);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from list_parted;
+      tableoid      | a  | b  
+--------------------+----+----
+ part_aa_bb         | aA |   
+ part_cc_dd         | cC |  1
+ part_ee_ff1        | ff |  1
+ part_ee_ff1        | EE |  1
+ part_ee_ff2        | ff | 11
+ part_ee_ff2        | EE | 10
+ part_xx_yy_p1      | xx |  1
+ part_xx_yy_defpart | yy |  2
+ part_null          |    |  0
+ part_null          |    |  1
+ part_default_p1    | cd | 25
+ part_default_p1    | ab | 21
+ part_default_p2    | de | 35
+(13 rows)
+
+-- some more tests to exercise tuple-routing with multi-level partitioning
+create table part_gg partition of list_parted for values in ('gg') partition by range (b);
+create table part_gg1 partition of part_gg for values from (minvalue) to (1);
+create table part_gg2 partition of part_gg for values from (1) to (10) partition by range (b);
+create table part_gg2_1 partition of part_gg2 for values from (1) to (5);
+create table part_gg2_2 partition of part_gg2 for values from (5) to (10);
+create table part_ee_ff3 partition of part_ee_ff for values from (20) to (30) partition by range (b);
+create table part_ee_ff3_1 partition of part_ee_ff3 for values from (20) to (25);
+create table part_ee_ff3_2 partition of part_ee_ff3 for values from (25) to (30);
+truncate list_parted;
+insert into list_parted values ('aa'), ('cc');
+insert into list_parted select 'Ff', s.a from generate_series(1, 29) s(a);
+insert into list_parted select 'gg', s.a from generate_series(1, 9) s(a);
+insert into list_parted (b) values (1);
+select tableoid::regclass::text, a, min(b) as min_b, max(b) as max_b from list_parted group by 1, 2 order by 1;
+   tableoid    | a  | min_b | max_b 
+---------------+----+-------+-------
+ part_aa_bb    | aa |       |      
+ part_cc_dd    | cc |       |      
+ part_ee_ff1   | Ff |     1 |     9
+ part_ee_ff2   | Ff |    10 |    19
+ part_ee_ff3_1 | Ff |    20 |    24
+ part_ee_ff3_2 | Ff |    25 |    29
+ part_gg2_1    | gg |     1 |     4
+ part_gg2_2    | gg |     5 |     9
+ part_null     |    |     1 |     1
+(9 rows)
+
+-- direct partition inserts should check hash partition bound constraint
+create table hash_parted (
+	a int
+) partition by hash (a part_test_int4_ops);
+create table hpart0 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 4, remainder 0);
+create table hpart1 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 4, remainder 1);
+create table hpart2 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 4, remainder 2);
+create table hpart3 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 4, remainder 3);
+insert into hash_parted values(generate_series(1,10));
+-- direct insert of values divisible by 4 - ok;
+insert into hpart0 values(12),(16);
+-- fail;
+insert into hpart0 values(11);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "hpart0" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (11).
+-- 11 % 4 -> 3 remainder i.e. valid data for hpart3 partition
+insert into hpart3 values(11);
+-- view data
+select tableoid::regclass as part, a, a%4 as "remainder = a % 4"
+from hash_parted order by part;
+  part  | a  | remainder = a % 4 
+--------+----+-------------------
+ hpart0 |  4 |                 0
+ hpart0 |  8 |                 0
+ hpart0 | 12 |                 0
+ hpart0 | 16 |                 0
+ hpart1 |  1 |                 1
+ hpart1 |  5 |                 1
+ hpart1 |  9 |                 1
+ hpart2 |  2 |                 2
+ hpart2 |  6 |                 2
+ hpart2 | 10 |                 2
+ hpart3 |  3 |                 3
+ hpart3 |  7 |                 3
+ hpart3 | 11 |                 3
+(13 rows)
+
+-- test \d+ output on a table which has both partitioned and unpartitioned
+-- partitions
+\d+ list_parted
+                          Partitioned table "public.list_parted"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (lower(a))
+Partitions: part_aa_bb FOR VALUES IN ('aa', 'bb'),
+            part_cc_dd FOR VALUES IN ('cc', 'dd'),
+            part_ee_ff FOR VALUES IN ('ee', 'ff'), PARTITIONED,
+            part_gg FOR VALUES IN ('gg'), PARTITIONED,
+            part_null FOR VALUES IN (NULL),
+            part_xx_yy FOR VALUES IN ('xx', 'yy'), PARTITIONED,
+            part_default DEFAULT, PARTITIONED
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table range_parted, list_parted;
+drop table hash_parted;
+-- test that a default partition added as the first partition accepts any value
+-- including null
+create table list_parted (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table part_default partition of list_parted default;
+\d+ part_default
+                               Table "public.part_default"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition of: list_parted DEFAULT
+No partition constraint
+
+insert into part_default values (null);
+insert into part_default values (1);
+insert into part_default values (-1);
+select tableoid::regclass, a from list_parted;
+   tableoid   | a  
+--------------+----
+ part_default |   
+ part_default |  1
+ part_default | -1
+(3 rows)
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table list_parted;
+-- more tests for certain multi-level partitioning scenarios
+create table mlparted (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+create table mlparted1 (b int not null, a int not null) partition by range ((b+0));
+create table mlparted11 (like mlparted1);
+alter table mlparted11 drop a;
+alter table mlparted11 add a int;
+alter table mlparted11 drop a;
+alter table mlparted11 add a int not null;
+-- attnum for key attribute 'a' is different in mlparted, mlparted1, and mlparted11
+select attrelid::regclass, attname, attnum
+from pg_attribute
+where attname = 'a'
+ and (attrelid = 'mlparted'::regclass
+   or attrelid = 'mlparted1'::regclass
+   or attrelid = 'mlparted11'::regclass)
+order by attrelid::regclass::text;
+  attrelid  | attname | attnum 
+------------+---------+--------
+ mlparted   | a       |      1
+ mlparted1  | a       |      2
+ mlparted11 | a       |      4
+(3 rows)
+
+alter table mlparted1 attach partition mlparted11 for values from (2) to (5);
+alter table mlparted attach partition mlparted1 for values from (1, 2) to (1, 10);
+-- check that "(1, 2)" is correctly routed to mlparted11.
+insert into mlparted values (1, 2);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted;
+  tableoid  | a | b 
+------------+---+---
+ mlparted11 | 1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+-- check that proper message is shown after failure to route through mlparted1
+insert into mlparted (a, b) values (1, 5);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mlparted1" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains ((b + 0)) = (5).
+truncate mlparted;
+alter table mlparted add constraint check_b check (b = 3);
+-- have a BR trigger modify the row such that the check_b is violated
+create function mlparted11_trig_fn()
+returns trigger AS
+$$
+begin
+  NEW.b := 4;
+  return NEW;
+end;
+$$
+language plpgsql;
+create trigger mlparted11_trig before insert ON mlparted11
+  for each row execute procedure mlparted11_trig_fn();
+-- check that the correct row is shown when constraint check_b fails after
+-- "(1, 2)" is routed to mlparted11 (actually "(1, 4)" would be shown due
+-- to the BR trigger mlparted11_trig_fn)
+insert into mlparted values (1, 2);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "mlparted11" violates check constraint "check_b"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, 4).
+drop trigger mlparted11_trig on mlparted11;
+drop function mlparted11_trig_fn();
+-- check that inserting into an internal partition successfully results in
+-- checking its partition constraint before inserting into the leaf partition
+-- selected by tuple-routing
+insert into mlparted1 (a, b) values (2, 3);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "mlparted1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (3, 2).
+-- check routing error through a list partitioned table when the key is null
+create table lparted_nonullpart (a int, b char) partition by list (b);
+create table lparted_nonullpart_a partition of lparted_nonullpart for values in ('a');
+insert into lparted_nonullpart values (1);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "lparted_nonullpart" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (b) = (null).
+drop table lparted_nonullpart;
+-- check that RETURNING works correctly with tuple-routing
+alter table mlparted drop constraint check_b;
+create table mlparted12 partition of mlparted1 for values from (5) to (10);
+create table mlparted2 (b int not null, a int not null);
+alter table mlparted attach partition mlparted2 for values from (1, 10) to (1, 20);
+create table mlparted3 partition of mlparted for values from (1, 20) to (1, 30);
+create table mlparted4 (like mlparted);
+alter table mlparted4 drop a;
+alter table mlparted4 add a int not null;
+alter table mlparted attach partition mlparted4 for values from (1, 30) to (1, 40);
+with ins (a, b, c) as
+  (insert into mlparted (b, a) select s.a, 1 from generate_series(2, 39) s(a) returning tableoid::regclass, *)
+  select a, b, min(c), max(c) from ins group by a, b order by 1;
+     a      | b | min | max 
+------------+---+-----+-----
+ mlparted11 | 1 |   2 |   4
+ mlparted12 | 1 |   5 |   9
+ mlparted2  | 1 |  10 |  19
+ mlparted3  | 1 |  20 |  29
+ mlparted4  | 1 |  30 |  39
+(5 rows)
+
+alter table mlparted add c text;
+create table mlparted5 (c text, a int not null, b int not null) partition by list (c);
+create table mlparted5a (a int not null, c text, b int not null);
+alter table mlparted5 attach partition mlparted5a for values in ('a');
+alter table mlparted attach partition mlparted5 for values from (1, 40) to (1, 50);
+alter table mlparted add constraint check_b check (a = 1 and b < 45);
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'a');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "mlparted5a" violates check constraint "check_b"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, 45, a).
+create function mlparted5abrtrig_func() returns trigger as $$ begin new.c = 'b'; return new; end; $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger mlparted5abrtrig before insert on mlparted5a for each row execute procedure mlparted5abrtrig_func();
+insert into mlparted5 (a, b, c) values (1, 40, 'a');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "mlparted5a" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (b, 1, 40).
+drop table mlparted5;
+alter table mlparted drop constraint check_b;
+-- Check multi-level default partition
+create table mlparted_def partition of mlparted default partition by range(a);
+create table mlparted_def1 partition of mlparted_def for values from (40) to (50);
+create table mlparted_def2 partition of mlparted_def for values from (50) to (60);
+insert into mlparted values (40, 100);
+insert into mlparted_def1 values (42, 100);
+insert into mlparted_def2 values (54, 50);
+-- fail
+insert into mlparted values (70, 100);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mlparted_def" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (a) = (70).
+insert into mlparted_def1 values (52, 50);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "mlparted_def1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (52, 50, null).
+insert into mlparted_def2 values (34, 50);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "mlparted_def2" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (34, 50, null).
+-- ok
+create table mlparted_defd partition of mlparted_def default;
+insert into mlparted values (70, 100);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted_def;
+   tableoid    | a  |  b  | c 
+---------------+----+-----+---
+ mlparted_def1 | 40 | 100 | 
+ mlparted_def1 | 42 | 100 | 
+ mlparted_def2 | 54 |  50 | 
+ mlparted_defd | 70 | 100 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Check multi-level tuple routing with attributes dropped from the
+-- top-most parent.  First remove the last attribute.
+alter table mlparted add d int, add e int;
+alter table mlparted drop e;
+create table mlparted5 partition of mlparted
+  for values from (1, 40) to (1, 50) partition by range (c);
+create table mlparted5_ab partition of mlparted5
+  for values from ('a') to ('c') partition by list (c);
+-- This partitioned table should remain with no partitions.
+create table mlparted5_cd partition of mlparted5
+  for values from ('c') to ('e') partition by list (c);
+create table mlparted5_a partition of mlparted5_ab for values in ('a');
+create table mlparted5_b (d int, b int, c text, a int);
+alter table mlparted5_ab attach partition mlparted5_b for values in ('b');
+truncate mlparted;
+insert into mlparted values (1, 2, 'a', 1);
+insert into mlparted values (1, 40, 'a', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_a
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'b', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_b
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'c', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_cd, fails
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mlparted5_cd" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (c) = (c).
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'f', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5, fails
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mlparted5" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (c) = (f).
+select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted order by a, b, c, d;
+  tableoid   | a | b  | c | d 
+-------------+---+----+---+---
+ mlparted11  | 1 |  2 | a | 1
+ mlparted5_a | 1 | 40 | a | 1
+ mlparted5_b | 1 | 45 | b | 1
+(3 rows)
+
+alter table mlparted drop d;
+truncate mlparted;
+-- Remove the before last attribute.
+alter table mlparted add e int, add d int;
+alter table mlparted drop e;
+insert into mlparted values (1, 2, 'a', 1);
+insert into mlparted values (1, 40, 'a', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_a
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'b', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_b
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'c', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_cd, fails
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mlparted5_cd" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (c) = (c).
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'f', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5, fails
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mlparted5" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (c) = (f).
+select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted order by a, b, c, d;
+  tableoid   | a | b  | c | d 
+-------------+---+----+---+---
+ mlparted11  | 1 |  2 | a | 1
+ mlparted5_a | 1 | 40 | a | 1
+ mlparted5_b | 1 | 45 | b | 1
+(3 rows)
+
+alter table mlparted drop d;
+drop table mlparted5;
+-- check that message shown after failure to find a partition shows the
+-- appropriate key description (or none) in various situations
+create table key_desc (a int, b int) partition by list ((a+0));
+create table key_desc_1 partition of key_desc for values in (1) partition by range (b);
+create user regress_insert_other_user;
+grant select (a) on key_desc_1 to regress_insert_other_user;
+grant insert on key_desc to regress_insert_other_user;
+set role regress_insert_other_user;
+-- no key description is shown
+insert into key_desc values (1, 1);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "key_desc_1" found for row
+reset role;
+grant select (b) on key_desc_1 to regress_insert_other_user;
+set role regress_insert_other_user;
+-- key description (b)=(1) is now shown
+insert into key_desc values (1, 1);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "key_desc_1" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (b) = (1).
+-- key description is not shown if key contains expression
+insert into key_desc values (2, 1);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "key_desc" found for row
+reset role;
+revoke all on key_desc from regress_insert_other_user;
+revoke all on key_desc_1 from regress_insert_other_user;
+drop role regress_insert_other_user;
+drop table key_desc, key_desc_1;
+-- test minvalue/maxvalue restrictions
+create table mcrparted (a int, b int, c int) partition by range (a, abs(b), c);
+create table mcrparted0 partition of mcrparted for values from (minvalue, 0, 0) to (1, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+ERROR:  every bound following MINVALUE must also be MINVALUE
+LINE 1: ...partition of mcrparted for values from (minvalue, 0, 0) to (...
+                                                             ^
+create table mcrparted2 partition of mcrparted for values from (10, 6, minvalue) to (10, maxvalue, minvalue);
+ERROR:  every bound following MAXVALUE must also be MAXVALUE
+LINE 1: ...r values from (10, 6, minvalue) to (10, maxvalue, minvalue);
+                                                             ^
+create table mcrparted4 partition of mcrparted for values from (21, minvalue, 0) to (30, 20, minvalue);
+ERROR:  every bound following MINVALUE must also be MINVALUE
+LINE 1: ...ition of mcrparted for values from (21, minvalue, 0) to (30,...
+                                                             ^
+-- check multi-column range partitioning expression enforces the same
+-- constraint as what tuple-routing would determine it to be
+create table mcrparted0 partition of mcrparted for values from (minvalue, minvalue, minvalue) to (1, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+create table mcrparted1 partition of mcrparted for values from (2, 1, minvalue) to (10, 5, 10);
+create table mcrparted2 partition of mcrparted for values from (10, 6, minvalue) to (10, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+create table mcrparted3 partition of mcrparted for values from (11, 1, 1) to (20, 10, 10);
+create table mcrparted4 partition of mcrparted for values from (21, minvalue, minvalue) to (30, 20, maxvalue);
+create table mcrparted5 partition of mcrparted for values from (30, 21, 20) to (maxvalue, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+-- null not allowed in range partition
+insert into mcrparted values (null, null, null);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mcrparted" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (a, abs(b), c) = (null, null, null).
+-- routed to mcrparted0
+insert into mcrparted values (0, 1, 1);
+insert into mcrparted0 values (0, 1, 1);
+-- routed to mcparted1
+insert into mcrparted values (9, 1000, 1);
+insert into mcrparted1 values (9, 1000, 1);
+insert into mcrparted values (10, 5, -1);
+insert into mcrparted1 values (10, 5, -1);
+insert into mcrparted values (2, 1, 0);
+insert into mcrparted1 values (2, 1, 0);
+-- routed to mcparted2
+insert into mcrparted values (10, 6, 1000);
+insert into mcrparted2 values (10, 6, 1000);
+insert into mcrparted values (10, 1000, 1000);
+insert into mcrparted2 values (10, 1000, 1000);
+-- no partition exists, nor does mcrparted3 accept it
+insert into mcrparted values (11, 1, -1);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "mcrparted" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (a, abs(b), c) = (11, 1, -1).
+insert into mcrparted3 values (11, 1, -1);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "mcrparted3" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (11, 1, -1).
+-- routed to mcrparted5
+insert into mcrparted values (30, 21, 20);
+insert into mcrparted5 values (30, 21, 20);
+insert into mcrparted4 values (30, 21, 20);	-- error
+ERROR:  new row for relation "mcrparted4" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (30, 21, 20).
+-- check rows
+select tableoid::regclass::text, * from mcrparted order by 1;
+  tableoid  | a  |  b   |  c   
+------------+----+------+------
+ mcrparted0 |  0 |    1 |    1
+ mcrparted0 |  0 |    1 |    1
+ mcrparted1 |  9 | 1000 |    1
+ mcrparted1 |  9 | 1000 |    1
+ mcrparted1 | 10 |    5 |   -1
+ mcrparted1 | 10 |    5 |   -1
+ mcrparted1 |  2 |    1 |    0
+ mcrparted1 |  2 |    1 |    0
+ mcrparted2 | 10 |    6 | 1000
+ mcrparted2 | 10 |    6 | 1000
+ mcrparted2 | 10 | 1000 | 1000
+ mcrparted2 | 10 | 1000 | 1000
+ mcrparted5 | 30 |   21 |   20
+ mcrparted5 | 30 |   21 |   20
+(14 rows)
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table mcrparted;
+-- check that a BR constraint can't make partition contain violating rows
+create table brtrigpartcon (a int, b text) partition by list (a);
+create table brtrigpartcon1 partition of brtrigpartcon for values in (1);
+create or replace function brtrigpartcon1trigf() returns trigger as $$begin new.a := 2; return new; end$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger brtrigpartcon1trig before insert on brtrigpartcon1 for each row execute procedure brtrigpartcon1trigf();
+insert into brtrigpartcon values (1, 'hi there');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "brtrigpartcon1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2, hi there).
+insert into brtrigpartcon1 values (1, 'hi there');
+ERROR:  new row for relation "brtrigpartcon1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2, hi there).
+-- check that the message shows the appropriate column description in a
+-- situation where the partitioned table is not the primary ModifyTable node
+create table inserttest3 (f1 text default 'foo', f2 text default 'bar', f3 int);
+create role regress_coldesc_role;
+grant insert on inserttest3 to regress_coldesc_role;
+grant insert on brtrigpartcon to regress_coldesc_role;
+revoke select on brtrigpartcon from regress_coldesc_role;
+set role regress_coldesc_role;
+with result as (insert into brtrigpartcon values (1, 'hi there') returning 1)
+  insert into inserttest3 (f3) select * from result;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "brtrigpartcon1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, b) = (2, hi there).
+reset role;
+-- cleanup
+revoke all on inserttest3 from regress_coldesc_role;
+revoke all on brtrigpartcon from regress_coldesc_role;
+drop role regress_coldesc_role;
+drop table inserttest3;
+drop table brtrigpartcon;
+drop function brtrigpartcon1trigf();
+-- check that "do nothing" BR triggers work with tuple-routing
+create table donothingbrtrig_test (a int, b text) partition by list (a);
+create table donothingbrtrig_test1 (b text, a int);
+create table donothingbrtrig_test2 (c text, b text, a int);
+alter table donothingbrtrig_test2 drop column c;
+create or replace function donothingbrtrig_func() returns trigger as $$begin raise notice 'b: %', new.b; return NULL; end$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger donothingbrtrig1 before insert on donothingbrtrig_test1 for each row execute procedure donothingbrtrig_func();
+create trigger donothingbrtrig2 before insert on donothingbrtrig_test2 for each row execute procedure donothingbrtrig_func();
+alter table donothingbrtrig_test attach partition donothingbrtrig_test1 for values in (1);
+alter table donothingbrtrig_test attach partition donothingbrtrig_test2 for values in (2);
+insert into donothingbrtrig_test values (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+NOTICE:  b: foo
+NOTICE:  b: bar
+copy donothingbrtrig_test from stdout;
+NOTICE:  b: baz
+NOTICE:  b: qux
+select tableoid::regclass, * from donothingbrtrig_test;
+ tableoid | a | b 
+----------+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table donothingbrtrig_test;
+drop function donothingbrtrig_func();
+-- check multi-column range partitioning with minvalue/maxvalue constraints
+create table mcrparted (a text, b int) partition by range(a, b);
+create table mcrparted1_lt_b partition of mcrparted for values from (minvalue, minvalue) to ('b', minvalue);
+create table mcrparted2_b partition of mcrparted for values from ('b', minvalue) to ('c', minvalue);
+create table mcrparted3_c_to_common partition of mcrparted for values from ('c', minvalue) to ('common', minvalue);
+create table mcrparted4_common_lt_0 partition of mcrparted for values from ('common', minvalue) to ('common', 0);
+create table mcrparted5_common_0_to_10 partition of mcrparted for values from ('common', 0) to ('common', 10);
+create table mcrparted6_common_ge_10 partition of mcrparted for values from ('common', 10) to ('common', maxvalue);
+create table mcrparted7_gt_common_lt_d partition of mcrparted for values from ('common', maxvalue) to ('d', minvalue);
+create table mcrparted8_ge_d partition of mcrparted for values from ('d', minvalue) to (maxvalue, maxvalue);
+\d+ mcrparted
+                           Partitioned table "public.mcrparted"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition key: RANGE (a, b)
+Partitions: mcrparted1_lt_b FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO ('b', MINVALUE),
+            mcrparted2_b FOR VALUES FROM ('b', MINVALUE) TO ('c', MINVALUE),
+            mcrparted3_c_to_common FOR VALUES FROM ('c', MINVALUE) TO ('common', MINVALUE),
+            mcrparted4_common_lt_0 FOR VALUES FROM ('common', MINVALUE) TO ('common', 0),
+            mcrparted5_common_0_to_10 FOR VALUES FROM ('common', 0) TO ('common', 10),
+            mcrparted6_common_ge_10 FOR VALUES FROM ('common', 10) TO ('common', MAXVALUE),
+            mcrparted7_gt_common_lt_d FOR VALUES FROM ('common', MAXVALUE) TO ('d', MINVALUE),
+            mcrparted8_ge_d FOR VALUES FROM ('d', MINVALUE) TO (MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE)
+
+\d+ mcrparted1_lt_b
+                              Table "public.mcrparted1_lt_b"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: mcrparted FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO ('b', MINVALUE)
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 'b'::text))
+
+\d+ mcrparted2_b
+                                Table "public.mcrparted2_b"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: mcrparted FOR VALUES FROM ('b', MINVALUE) TO ('c', MINVALUE)
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b IS NOT NULL) AND (a >= 'b'::text) AND (a < 'c'::text))
+
+\d+ mcrparted3_c_to_common
+                           Table "public.mcrparted3_c_to_common"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: mcrparted FOR VALUES FROM ('c', MINVALUE) TO ('common', MINVALUE)
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b IS NOT NULL) AND (a >= 'c'::text) AND (a < 'common'::text))
+
+\d+ mcrparted4_common_lt_0
+                           Table "public.mcrparted4_common_lt_0"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: mcrparted FOR VALUES FROM ('common', MINVALUE) TO ('common', 0)
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 'common'::text) AND (b < 0))
+
+\d+ mcrparted5_common_0_to_10
+                         Table "public.mcrparted5_common_0_to_10"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: mcrparted FOR VALUES FROM ('common', 0) TO ('common', 10)
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 'common'::text) AND (b >= 0) AND (b < 10))
+
+\d+ mcrparted6_common_ge_10
+                          Table "public.mcrparted6_common_ge_10"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: mcrparted FOR VALUES FROM ('common', 10) TO ('common', MAXVALUE)
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 'common'::text) AND (b >= 10))
+
+\d+ mcrparted7_gt_common_lt_d
+                         Table "public.mcrparted7_gt_common_lt_d"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: mcrparted FOR VALUES FROM ('common', MAXVALUE) TO ('d', MINVALUE)
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b IS NOT NULL) AND (a > 'common'::text) AND (a < 'd'::text))
+
+\d+ mcrparted8_ge_d
+                              Table "public.mcrparted8_ge_d"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+Partition of: mcrparted FOR VALUES FROM ('d', MINVALUE) TO (MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE)
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b IS NOT NULL) AND (a >= 'd'::text))
+
+insert into mcrparted values ('aaa', 0), ('b', 0), ('bz', 10), ('c', -10),
+    ('comm', -10), ('common', -10), ('common', 0), ('common', 10),
+    ('commons', 0), ('d', -10), ('e', 0);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from mcrparted order by a, b;
+         tableoid          |    a    |  b  
+---------------------------+---------+-----
+ mcrparted1_lt_b           | aaa     |   0
+ mcrparted2_b              | b       |   0
+ mcrparted2_b              | bz      |  10
+ mcrparted3_c_to_common    | c       | -10
+ mcrparted3_c_to_common    | comm    | -10
+ mcrparted4_common_lt_0    | common  | -10
+ mcrparted5_common_0_to_10 | common  |   0
+ mcrparted6_common_ge_10   | common  |  10
+ mcrparted7_gt_common_lt_d | commons |   0
+ mcrparted8_ge_d           | d       | -10
+ mcrparted8_ge_d           | e       |   0
+(11 rows)
+
+drop table mcrparted;
+-- check that wholerow vars in the RETURNING list work with partitioned tables
+create table returningwrtest (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table returningwrtest1 partition of returningwrtest for values in (1);
+insert into returningwrtest values (1) returning returningwrtest;
+ returningwrtest 
+-----------------
+ (1)
+(1 row)
+
+-- check also that the wholerow vars in RETURNING list are converted as needed
+alter table returningwrtest add b text;
+create table returningwrtest2 (b text, c int, a int);
+alter table returningwrtest2 drop c;
+alter table returningwrtest attach partition returningwrtest2 for values in (2);
+insert into returningwrtest values (2, 'foo') returning returningwrtest;
+ returningwrtest 
+-----------------
+ (2,foo)
+(1 row)
+
+drop table returningwrtest;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/insert_conflict.out b/src/test/regress/expected/insert_conflict.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66d8633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/insert_conflict.out
@@ -0,0 +1,866 @@
+--
+-- insert...on conflict do unique index inference
+--
+create table insertconflicttest(key int4, fruit text);
+--
+-- Test unique index inference with operator class specifications and
+-- named collations
+--
+create unique index op_index_key on insertconflicttest(key, fruit text_pattern_ops);
+create unique index collation_index_key on insertconflicttest(key, fruit collate "C");
+create unique index both_index_key on insertconflicttest(key, fruit collate "C" text_pattern_ops);
+create unique index both_index_expr_key on insertconflicttest(key, lower(fruit) collate "C" text_pattern_ops);
+-- fails
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key) do nothing;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (fruit) do nothing;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+-- succeeds
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key, fruit) do nothing;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: NOTHING
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: op_index_key, collation_index_key, both_index_key
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (fruit, key, fruit, key) do nothing;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: NOTHING
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: op_index_key, collation_index_key, both_index_key
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (lower(fruit), key, lower(fruit), key) do nothing;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: NOTHING
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: both_index_expr_key
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key, fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit
+  where exists (select 1 from insertconflicttest ii where ii.key = excluded.key);
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: UPDATE
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: op_index_key, collation_index_key, both_index_key
+   Conflict Filter: (SubPlan 1)
+   ->  Result
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Index Only Scan using both_index_expr_key on insertconflicttest ii
+           Index Cond: (key = excluded.key)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Neither collation nor operator class specifications are required --
+-- supplying them merely *limits* matches to indexes with matching opclasses
+-- used for relevant indexes
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key, fruit text_pattern_ops) do nothing;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: NOTHING
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: op_index_key, both_index_key
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Okay, arbitrates using both index where text_pattern_ops opclass does and
+-- does not appear.
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key, fruit collate "C") do nothing;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: NOTHING
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: collation_index_key, both_index_key
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Okay, but only accepts the single index where both opclass and collation are
+-- specified
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (fruit collate "C" text_pattern_ops, key) do nothing;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: NOTHING
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: both_index_key
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Okay, but only accepts the single index where both opclass and collation are
+-- specified (plus expression variant)
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (lower(fruit) collate "C", key, key) do nothing;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: NOTHING
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: both_index_expr_key
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Attribute appears twice, while not all attributes/expressions on attributes
+-- appearing within index definition match in terms of both opclass and
+-- collation.
+--
+-- Works because every attribute in inference specification needs to be
+-- satisfied once or more by cataloged index attribute, and as always when an
+-- attribute in the cataloged definition has a non-default opclass/collation,
+-- it still satisfied some inference attribute lacking any particular
+-- opclass/collation specification.
+--
+-- The implementation is liberal in accepting inference specifications on the
+-- assumption that multiple inferred unique indexes will prevent problematic
+-- cases.  It rolls with unique indexes where attributes redundantly appear
+-- multiple times, too (which is not tested here).
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (fruit, key, fruit text_pattern_ops, key) do nothing;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: NOTHING
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: op_index_key, both_index_key
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (lower(fruit) collate "C" text_pattern_ops, key, key) do nothing;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: NOTHING
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: both_index_expr_key
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+drop index op_index_key;
+drop index collation_index_key;
+drop index both_index_key;
+drop index both_index_expr_key;
+--
+-- Make sure that cross matching of attribute opclass/collation does not occur
+--
+create unique index cross_match on insertconflicttest(lower(fruit) collate "C", upper(fruit) text_pattern_ops);
+-- fails:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (lower(fruit) text_pattern_ops, upper(fruit) collate "C") do nothing;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+-- works:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (lower(fruit) collate "C", upper(fruit) text_pattern_ops) do nothing;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: NOTHING
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: cross_match
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+drop index cross_match;
+--
+-- Single key tests
+--
+create unique index key_index on insertconflicttest(key);
+--
+-- Explain tests
+--
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values (0, 'Bilberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: UPDATE
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: key_index
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Should display qual actually attributable to internal sequential scan:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values (0, 'Bilberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit where insertconflicttest.fruit != 'Cawesh';
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: UPDATE
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: key_index
+   Conflict Filter: (insertconflicttest.fruit <> 'Cawesh'::text)
+   ->  Result
+(5 rows)
+
+-- With EXCLUDED.* expression in scan node:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit where excluded.fruit != 'Elderberry';
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: UPDATE
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: key_index
+   Conflict Filter: (excluded.fruit <> 'Elderberry'::text)
+   ->  Result
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Does the same, but JSON format shows "Conflict Arbiter Index" as JSON array:
+explain (costs off, format json) insert into insertconflicttest values (0, 'Bilberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit where insertconflicttest.fruit != 'Lime' returning *;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [                                                                     +
+   {                                                                   +
+     "Plan": {                                                         +
+       "Node Type": "ModifyTable",                                     +
+       "Operation": "Insert",                                          +
+       "Parallel Aware": false,                                        +
+       "Async Capable": false,                                         +
+       "Relation Name": "insertconflicttest",                          +
+       "Alias": "insertconflicttest",                                  +
+       "Conflict Resolution": "UPDATE",                                +
+       "Conflict Arbiter Indexes": ["key_index"],                      +
+       "Conflict Filter": "(insertconflicttest.fruit <> 'Lime'::text)",+
+       "Plans": [                                                      +
+         {                                                             +
+           "Node Type": "Result",                                      +
+           "Parent Relationship": "Outer",                             +
+           "Parallel Aware": false,                                    +
+           "Async Capable": false                                      +
+         }                                                             +
+       ]                                                               +
+     }                                                                 +
+   }                                                                   +
+ ]
+(1 row)
+
+-- Fails (no unique index inference specification, required for do update variant):
+insert into insertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflict do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE requires inference specification or constraint name
+LINE 1: ...nsert into insertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflic...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  For example, ON CONFLICT (column_name).
+-- inference succeeds:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (2, 'Orange') on conflict (key, key, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+-- Succeed, since multi-assignment does not involve subquery:
+insert into insertconflicttest
+values (1, 'Apple'), (2, 'Orange')
+on conflict (key) do update set (fruit, key) = (excluded.fruit, excluded.key);
+-- Give good diagnostic message when EXCLUDED.* spuriously referenced from
+-- RETURNING:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit RETURNING excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "excluded"
+LINE 1: ...y) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit RETURNING excluded.f...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "excluded", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+-- Only suggest <table>.* column when inference element misspelled:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflict (keyy) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  column "keyy" does not exist
+LINE 1: ...nsertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflict (keyy) do ...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the column "insertconflicttest.key" or the column "excluded.key".
+-- Have useful HINT for EXCLUDED.* RTE within UPDATE:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruitt;
+ERROR:  column excluded.fruitt does not exist
+LINE 1: ... 'Apple') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.f...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the column "excluded.fruit".
+-- inference fails:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (3, 'Kiwi') on conflict (key, fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (4, 'Mango') on conflict (fruit, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (5, 'Lemon') on conflict (fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (6, 'Passionfruit') on conflict (lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+-- Check the target relation can be aliased
+insert into insertconflicttest AS ict values (6, 'Passionfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit; -- ok, no reference to target table
+insert into insertconflicttest AS ict values (6, 'Passionfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = ict.fruit; -- ok, alias
+insert into insertconflicttest AS ict values (6, 'Passionfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = insertconflicttest.fruit; -- error, references aliased away name
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "insertconflicttest"
+LINE 1: ...onfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = insertconf...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the table alias "ict".
+drop index key_index;
+--
+-- Composite key tests
+--
+create unique index comp_key_index on insertconflicttest(key, fruit);
+-- inference succeeds:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (7, 'Raspberry') on conflict (key, fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (8, 'Lime') on conflict (fruit, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+-- inference fails:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (9, 'Banana') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (10, 'Blueberry') on conflict (key, key, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (11, 'Cherry') on conflict (key, lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (12, 'Date') on conflict (lower(fruit), key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+drop index comp_key_index;
+--
+-- Partial index tests, no inference predicate specified
+--
+create unique index part_comp_key_index on insertconflicttest(key, fruit) where key < 5;
+create unique index expr_part_comp_key_index on insertconflicttest(key, lower(fruit)) where key < 5;
+-- inference fails:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (13, 'Grape') on conflict (key, fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (14, 'Raisin') on conflict (fruit, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (15, 'Cranberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (16, 'Melon') on conflict (key, key, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (17, 'Mulberry') on conflict (key, lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (18, 'Pineapple') on conflict (lower(fruit), key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+drop index part_comp_key_index;
+drop index expr_part_comp_key_index;
+--
+-- Expression index tests
+--
+create unique index expr_key_index on insertconflicttest(lower(fruit));
+-- inference succeeds:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (20, 'Quince') on conflict (lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (21, 'Pomegranate') on conflict (lower(fruit), lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+-- inference fails:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (22, 'Apricot') on conflict (upper(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+drop index expr_key_index;
+--
+-- Expression index tests (with regular column)
+--
+create unique index expr_comp_key_index on insertconflicttest(key, lower(fruit));
+create unique index tricky_expr_comp_key_index on insertconflicttest(key, lower(fruit), upper(fruit));
+-- inference succeeds:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (24, 'Plum') on conflict (key, lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (25, 'Peach') on conflict (lower(fruit), key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+-- Should not infer "tricky_expr_comp_key_index" index:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values (26, 'Fig') on conflict (lower(fruit), key, lower(fruit), key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest
+   Conflict Resolution: UPDATE
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: expr_comp_key_index
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+-- inference fails:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (27, 'Prune') on conflict (key, upper(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (28, 'Redcurrant') on conflict (fruit, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (29, 'Nectarine') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+drop index expr_comp_key_index;
+drop index tricky_expr_comp_key_index;
+--
+-- Non-spurious duplicate violation tests
+--
+create unique index key_index on insertconflicttest(key);
+create unique index fruit_index on insertconflicttest(fruit);
+-- succeeds, since UPDATE happens to update "fruit" to existing value:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (26, 'Fig') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+-- fails, since UPDATE is to row with key value 26, and we're updating "fruit"
+-- to a value that happens to exist in another row ('peach'):
+insert into insertconflicttest values (26, 'Peach') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "fruit_index"
+DETAIL:  Key (fruit)=(Peach) already exists.
+-- succeeds, since "key" isn't repeated/referenced in UPDATE, and "fruit"
+-- arbitrates that statement updates existing "Fig" row:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (25, 'Fig') on conflict (fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+drop index key_index;
+drop index fruit_index;
+--
+-- Test partial unique index inference
+--
+create unique index partial_key_index on insertconflicttest(key) where fruit like '%berry';
+-- Succeeds
+insert into insertconflicttest values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (key) where fruit like '%berry' do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest as t values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (key) where fruit like '%berry' and t.fruit = 'inconsequential' do nothing;
+-- fails
+insert into insertconflicttest values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (key) where fruit like '%berry' or fruit = 'consequential' do nothing;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+insert into insertconflicttest values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (fruit) where fruit like '%berry' do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+drop index partial_key_index;
+--
+-- Test that wholerow references to ON CONFLICT's EXCLUDED work
+--
+create unique index plain on insertconflicttest(key);
+-- Succeeds, updates existing row:
+insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Jackfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit
+  where i.* != excluded.* returning *;
+ key |   fruit   
+-----+-----------
+  23 | Jackfruit
+(1 row)
+
+-- No update this time, though:
+insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Jackfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit
+  where i.* != excluded.* returning *;
+ key | fruit 
+-----+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Predicate changed to require match rather than non-match, so updates once more:
+insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Jackfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit
+  where i.* = excluded.* returning *;
+ key |   fruit   
+-----+-----------
+  23 | Jackfruit
+(1 row)
+
+-- Assign:
+insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Avocado') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.*::text
+  returning *;
+ key |    fruit     
+-----+--------------
+  23 | (23,Avocado)
+(1 row)
+
+-- deparse whole row var in WHERE and SET clauses:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Avocado') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit where excluded.* is null;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest i
+   Conflict Resolution: UPDATE
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: plain
+   Conflict Filter: (excluded.* IS NULL)
+   ->  Result
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Avocado') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.*::text;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Insert on insertconflicttest i
+   Conflict Resolution: UPDATE
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: plain
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+drop index plain;
+-- Cleanup
+drop table insertconflicttest;
+--
+-- Verify that EXCLUDED does not allow system column references. These
+-- do not make sense because EXCLUDED isn't an already stored tuple
+-- (and thus doesn't have a ctid etc).
+--
+create table syscolconflicttest(key int4, data text);
+insert into syscolconflicttest values (1);
+insert into syscolconflicttest values (1) on conflict (key) do update set data = excluded.ctid::text;
+ERROR:  column excluded.ctid does not exist
+LINE 1: ...values (1) on conflict (key) do update set data = excluded.c...
+                                                             ^
+drop table syscolconflicttest;
+--
+-- Previous tests all managed to not test any expressions requiring
+-- planner preprocessing ...
+--
+create table insertconflict (a bigint, b bigint);
+create unique index insertconflicti1 on insertconflict(coalesce(a, 0));
+create unique index insertconflicti2 on insertconflict(b)
+  where coalesce(a, 1) > 0;
+insert into insertconflict values (1, 2)
+on conflict (coalesce(a, 0)) do nothing;
+insert into insertconflict values (1, 2)
+on conflict (b) where coalesce(a, 1) > 0 do nothing;
+insert into insertconflict values (1, 2)
+on conflict (b) where coalesce(a, 1) > 1 do nothing;
+drop table insertconflict;
+--
+-- test insertion through view
+--
+create table insertconflict (f1 int primary key, f2 text);
+create view insertconflictv as
+  select * from insertconflict with cascaded check option;
+insert into insertconflictv values (1,'foo')
+  on conflict (f1) do update set f2 = excluded.f2;
+select * from insertconflict;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | foo
+(1 row)
+
+insert into insertconflictv values (1,'bar')
+  on conflict (f1) do update set f2 = excluded.f2;
+select * from insertconflict;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | bar
+(1 row)
+
+drop view insertconflictv;
+drop table insertconflict;
+-- ******************************************************************
+-- *                                                                *
+-- * Test inheritance (example taken from tutorial)                 *
+-- *                                                                *
+-- ******************************************************************
+create table cities (
+	name		text,
+	population	float8,
+	altitude	int		-- (in ft)
+);
+create table capitals (
+	state		char(2)
+) inherits (cities);
+-- Create unique indexes.  Due to a general limitation of inheritance,
+-- uniqueness is only enforced per-relation.  Unique index inference
+-- specification will do the right thing, though.
+create unique index cities_names_unique on cities (name);
+create unique index capitals_names_unique on capitals (name);
+-- prepopulate the tables.
+insert into cities values ('San Francisco', 7.24E+5, 63);
+insert into cities values ('Las Vegas', 2.583E+5, 2174);
+insert into cities values ('Mariposa', 1200, 1953);
+insert into capitals values ('Sacramento', 3.694E+5, 30, 'CA');
+insert into capitals values ('Madison', 1.913E+5, 845, 'WI');
+-- Tests proper for inheritance:
+select * from capitals;
+    name    | population | altitude | state 
+------------+------------+----------+-------
+ Sacramento |     369400 |       30 | CA
+ Madison    |     191300 |      845 | WI
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Succeeds:
+insert into cities values ('Las Vegas', 2.583E+5, 2174) on conflict do nothing;
+insert into capitals values ('Sacramento', 4664.E+5, 30, 'CA') on conflict (name) do update set population = excluded.population;
+-- Wrong "Sacramento", so do nothing:
+insert into capitals values ('Sacramento', 50, 2267, 'NE') on conflict (name) do nothing;
+select * from capitals;
+    name    | population | altitude | state 
+------------+------------+----------+-------
+ Madison    |     191300 |      845 | WI
+ Sacramento |  466400000 |       30 | CA
+(2 rows)
+
+insert into cities values ('Las Vegas', 5.83E+5, 2001) on conflict (name) do update set population = excluded.population, altitude = excluded.altitude;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from cities;
+ tableoid |     name      | population | altitude 
+----------+---------------+------------+----------
+ cities   | San Francisco |     724000 |       63
+ cities   | Mariposa      |       1200 |     1953
+ cities   | Las Vegas     |     583000 |     2001
+ capitals | Madison       |     191300 |      845
+ capitals | Sacramento    |  466400000 |       30
+(5 rows)
+
+insert into capitals values ('Las Vegas', 5.83E+5, 2222, 'NV') on conflict (name) do update set population = excluded.population;
+-- Capitals will contain new capital, Las Vegas:
+select * from capitals;
+    name    | population | altitude | state 
+------------+------------+----------+-------
+ Madison    |     191300 |      845 | WI
+ Sacramento |  466400000 |       30 | CA
+ Las Vegas  |     583000 |     2222 | NV
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cities contains two instances of "Las Vegas", since unique constraints don't
+-- work across inheritance:
+select tableoid::regclass, * from cities;
+ tableoid |     name      | population | altitude 
+----------+---------------+------------+----------
+ cities   | San Francisco |     724000 |       63
+ cities   | Mariposa      |       1200 |     1953
+ cities   | Las Vegas     |     583000 |     2001
+ capitals | Madison       |     191300 |      845
+ capitals | Sacramento    |  466400000 |       30
+ capitals | Las Vegas     |     583000 |     2222
+(6 rows)
+
+-- This only affects "cities" version of "Las Vegas":
+insert into cities values ('Las Vegas', 5.86E+5, 2223) on conflict (name) do update set population = excluded.population, altitude = excluded.altitude;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from cities;
+ tableoid |     name      | population | altitude 
+----------+---------------+------------+----------
+ cities   | San Francisco |     724000 |       63
+ cities   | Mariposa      |       1200 |     1953
+ cities   | Las Vegas     |     586000 |     2223
+ capitals | Madison       |     191300 |      845
+ capitals | Sacramento    |  466400000 |       30
+ capitals | Las Vegas     |     583000 |     2222
+(6 rows)
+
+-- clean up
+drop table capitals;
+drop table cities;
+-- Make sure a table named excluded is handled properly
+create table excluded(key int primary key, data text);
+insert into excluded values(1, '1');
+-- error, ambiguous
+insert into excluded values(1, '2') on conflict (key) do update set data = excluded.data RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  table reference "excluded" is ambiguous
+LINE 1: ...es(1, '2') on conflict (key) do update set data = excluded.d...
+                                                             ^
+-- ok, aliased
+insert into excluded AS target values(1, '2') on conflict (key) do update set data = excluded.data RETURNING *;
+ key | data 
+-----+------
+   1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+-- ok, aliased
+insert into excluded AS target values(1, '2') on conflict (key) do update set data = target.data RETURNING *;
+ key | data 
+-----+------
+   1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+-- make sure excluded isn't a problem in returning clause
+insert into excluded values(1, '2') on conflict (key) do update set data = 3 RETURNING excluded.*;
+ key | data 
+-----+------
+   1 | 3
+(1 row)
+
+-- clean up
+drop table excluded;
+-- check that references to columns after dropped columns are handled correctly
+create table dropcol(key int primary key, drop1 int, keep1 text, drop2 numeric, keep2 float);
+insert into dropcol(key, drop1, keep1, drop2, keep2) values(1, 1, '1', '1', 1);
+-- set using excluded
+insert into dropcol(key, drop1, keep1, drop2, keep2) values(1, 2, '2', '2', 2) on conflict(key)
+    do update set drop1 = excluded.drop1, keep1 = excluded.keep1, drop2 = excluded.drop2, keep2 = excluded.keep2
+    where excluded.drop1 is not null and excluded.keep1 is not null and excluded.drop2 is not null and excluded.keep2 is not null
+          and dropcol.drop1 is not null and dropcol.keep1 is not null and dropcol.drop2 is not null and dropcol.keep2 is not null
+    returning *;
+ key | drop1 | keep1 | drop2 | keep2 
+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------
+   1 |     2 | 2     |     2 |     2
+(1 row)
+
+;
+-- set using existing table
+insert into dropcol(key, drop1, keep1, drop2, keep2) values(1, 3, '3', '3', 3) on conflict(key)
+    do update set drop1 = dropcol.drop1, keep1 = dropcol.keep1, drop2 = dropcol.drop2, keep2 = dropcol.keep2
+    returning *;
+ key | drop1 | keep1 | drop2 | keep2 
+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------
+   1 |     2 | 2     |     2 |     2
+(1 row)
+
+;
+alter table dropcol drop column drop1, drop column drop2;
+-- set using excluded
+insert into dropcol(key, keep1, keep2) values(1, '4', 4) on conflict(key)
+    do update set keep1 = excluded.keep1, keep2 = excluded.keep2
+    where excluded.keep1 is not null and excluded.keep2 is not null
+          and dropcol.keep1 is not null and dropcol.keep2 is not null
+    returning *;
+ key | keep1 | keep2 
+-----+-------+-------
+   1 | 4     |     4
+(1 row)
+
+;
+-- set using existing table
+insert into dropcol(key, keep1, keep2) values(1, '5', 5) on conflict(key)
+    do update set keep1 = dropcol.keep1, keep2 = dropcol.keep2
+    returning *;
+ key | keep1 | keep2 
+-----+-------+-------
+   1 | 4     |     4
+(1 row)
+
+;
+DROP TABLE dropcol;
+-- check handling of regular btree constraint along with gist constraint
+create table twoconstraints (f1 int unique, f2 box,
+                             exclude using gist(f2 with &&));
+insert into twoconstraints values(1, '((0,0),(1,1))');
+insert into twoconstraints values(1, '((2,2),(3,3))');  -- fail on f1
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "twoconstraints_f1_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (f1)=(1) already exists.
+insert into twoconstraints values(2, '((0,0),(1,2))');  -- fail on f2
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "twoconstraints_f2_excl"
+DETAIL:  Key (f2)=((1,2),(0,0)) conflicts with existing key (f2)=((1,1),(0,0)).
+insert into twoconstraints values(2, '((0,0),(1,2))')
+  on conflict on constraint twoconstraints_f1_key do nothing;  -- fail on f2
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "twoconstraints_f2_excl"
+DETAIL:  Key (f2)=((1,2),(0,0)) conflicts with existing key (f2)=((1,1),(0,0)).
+insert into twoconstraints values(2, '((0,0),(1,2))')
+  on conflict on constraint twoconstraints_f2_excl do nothing;  -- do nothing
+select * from twoconstraints;
+ f1 |     f2      
+----+-------------
+  1 | (1,1),(0,0)
+(1 row)
+
+drop table twoconstraints;
+-- check handling of self-conflicts at various isolation levels
+create table selfconflict (f1 int primary key, f2 int);
+begin transaction isolation level read committed;
+insert into selfconflict values (1,1), (1,2) on conflict do nothing;
+commit;
+begin transaction isolation level repeatable read;
+insert into selfconflict values (2,1), (2,2) on conflict do nothing;
+commit;
+begin transaction isolation level serializable;
+insert into selfconflict values (3,1), (3,2) on conflict do nothing;
+commit;
+begin transaction isolation level read committed;
+insert into selfconflict values (4,1), (4,2) on conflict(f1) do update set f2 = 0;
+ERROR:  ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE command cannot affect row a second time
+HINT:  Ensure that no rows proposed for insertion within the same command have duplicate constrained values.
+commit;
+begin transaction isolation level repeatable read;
+insert into selfconflict values (5,1), (5,2) on conflict(f1) do update set f2 = 0;
+ERROR:  ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE command cannot affect row a second time
+HINT:  Ensure that no rows proposed for insertion within the same command have duplicate constrained values.
+commit;
+begin transaction isolation level serializable;
+insert into selfconflict values (6,1), (6,2) on conflict(f1) do update set f2 = 0;
+ERROR:  ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE command cannot affect row a second time
+HINT:  Ensure that no rows proposed for insertion within the same command have duplicate constrained values.
+commit;
+select * from selfconflict;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 |  1
+  2 |  1
+  3 |  1
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table selfconflict;
+-- check ON CONFLICT handling with partitioned tables
+create table parted_conflict_test (a int unique, b char) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_conflict_test_1 partition of parted_conflict_test (b unique) for values in (1, 2);
+-- no indexes required here
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (1, 'a') on conflict do nothing;
+-- index on a required, which does exist in parent
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (1, 'a') on conflict (a) do nothing;
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (1, 'a') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+-- targeting partition directly will work
+insert into parted_conflict_test_1 values (1, 'a') on conflict (a) do nothing;
+insert into parted_conflict_test_1 values (1, 'b') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+-- index on b required, which doesn't exist in parent
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (2, 'b') on conflict (b) do update set a = excluded.a;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+-- targeting partition directly will work
+insert into parted_conflict_test_1 values (2, 'b') on conflict (b) do update set a = excluded.a;
+-- should see (2, 'b')
+select * from parted_conflict_test order by a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 2 | b
+(1 row)
+
+-- now check that DO UPDATE works correctly for target partition with
+-- different attribute numbers
+create table parted_conflict_test_2 (b char, a int unique);
+alter table parted_conflict_test attach partition parted_conflict_test_2 for values in (3);
+truncate parted_conflict_test;
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (3, 'a') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (3, 'b') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+-- should see (3, 'b')
+select * from parted_conflict_test order by a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 3 | b
+(1 row)
+
+-- case where parent will have a dropped column, but the partition won't
+alter table parted_conflict_test drop b, add b char;
+create table parted_conflict_test_3 partition of parted_conflict_test for values in (4);
+truncate parted_conflict_test;
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (4, 'a') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (4, 'b') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where parted_conflict_test.b = 'a';
+-- should see (4, 'b')
+select * from parted_conflict_test order by a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 4 | b
+(1 row)
+
+-- case with multi-level partitioning
+create table parted_conflict_test_4 partition of parted_conflict_test for values in (5) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_conflict_test_4_1 partition of parted_conflict_test_4 for values in (5);
+truncate parted_conflict_test;
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (5, 'a') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (5, 'b') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where parted_conflict_test.b = 'a';
+-- should see (5, 'b')
+select * from parted_conflict_test order by a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 5 | b
+(1 row)
+
+-- test with multiple rows
+truncate parted_conflict_test;
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (1, 'a'), (2, 'a'), (4, 'a') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where excluded.b = 'b';
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (4, 'b') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where excluded.b = 'b';
+-- should see (1, 'b'), (2, 'a'), (4, 'b')
+select * from parted_conflict_test order by a;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | b
+ 2 | a
+ 4 | b
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table parted_conflict_test;
+-- test behavior of inserting a conflicting tuple into an intermediate
+-- partitioning level
+create table parted_conflict (a int primary key, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_conflict_1 partition of parted_conflict for values from (0) to (1000) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_conflict_1_1 partition of parted_conflict_1 for values from (0) to (500);
+insert into parted_conflict values (40, 'forty');
+insert into parted_conflict_1 values (40, 'cuarenta')
+  on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+drop table parted_conflict;
+-- same thing, but this time try to use an index that's created not in the
+-- partition
+create table parted_conflict (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_conflict_1 partition of parted_conflict for values from (0) to (1000) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_conflict_1_1 partition of parted_conflict_1 for values from (0) to (500);
+create unique index on only parted_conflict_1 (a);
+create unique index on only parted_conflict (a);
+alter index parted_conflict_a_idx attach partition parted_conflict_1_a_idx;
+insert into parted_conflict values (40, 'forty');
+insert into parted_conflict_1 values (40, 'cuarenta')
+  on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+ERROR:  there is no unique or exclusion constraint matching the ON CONFLICT specification
+drop table parted_conflict;
+-- test whole-row Vars in ON CONFLICT expressions
+create table parted_conflict (a int, b text, c int) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_conflict_1 (drp text, c int, a int, b text);
+alter table parted_conflict_1 drop column drp;
+create unique index on parted_conflict (a, b);
+alter table parted_conflict attach partition parted_conflict_1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+truncate parted_conflict;
+insert into parted_conflict values (50, 'cincuenta', 1);
+insert into parted_conflict values (50, 'cincuenta', 2)
+  on conflict (a, b) do update set (a, b, c) = row(excluded.*)
+  where parted_conflict = (50, text 'cincuenta', 1) and
+        excluded = (50, text 'cincuenta', 2);
+-- should see (50, 'cincuenta', 2)
+select * from parted_conflict order by a;
+ a  |     b     | c 
+----+-----------+---
+ 50 | cincuenta | 2
+(1 row)
+
+-- test with statement level triggers
+create or replace function parted_conflict_update_func() returns trigger as $$
+declare
+    r record;
+begin
+ for r in select * from inserted loop
+	raise notice 'a = %, b = %, c = %', r.a, r.b, r.c;
+ end loop;
+ return new;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger parted_conflict_update
+    after update on parted_conflict
+    referencing new table as inserted
+    for each statement
+    execute procedure parted_conflict_update_func();
+truncate parted_conflict;
+insert into parted_conflict values (0, 'cero', 1);
+insert into parted_conflict values(0, 'cero', 1)
+  on conflict (a,b) do update set c = parted_conflict.c + 1;
+NOTICE:  a = 0, b = cero, c = 2
+drop table parted_conflict;
+drop function parted_conflict_update_func();
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/int2.out b/src/test/regress/expected/int2.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..109cf9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/int2.out
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+--
+-- INT2
+--
+-- int2_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('34.5');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type smallint: "34.5"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('34.5');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('100000');
+ERROR:  value "100000" is out of range for type smallint
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('100000');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdf');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type smallint: "asdf"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdf');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type smallint: "    "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    ');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('- 1234');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type smallint: "- 1234"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('- 1234');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('4 444');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type smallint: "4 444"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('4 444');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123 dt');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type smallint: "123 dt"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123 dt');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type smallint: ""
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+                                         ^
+SELECT * FROM INT2_TBL;
+   f1   
+--------
+      0
+   1234
+  -1234
+  32767
+ -32767
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT2_TBL AS f(a, b);
+ERROR:  table "f" has 1 columns available but 2 columns specified
+SELECT * FROM (TABLE int2_tbl) AS s (a, b);
+ERROR:  table "s" has 1 columns available but 2 columns specified
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <> int2 '0';
+   f1   
+--------
+   1234
+  -1234
+  32767
+ -32767
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <> int4 '0';
+   f1   
+--------
+   1234
+  -1234
+  32767
+ -32767
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 = int2 '0';
+ f1 
+----
+  0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 = int4 '0';
+ f1 
+----
+  0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 < int2 '0';
+   f1   
+--------
+  -1234
+ -32767
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 < int4 '0';
+   f1   
+--------
+  -1234
+ -32767
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <= int2 '0';
+   f1   
+--------
+      0
+  -1234
+ -32767
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <= int4 '0';
+   f1   
+--------
+      0
+  -1234
+ -32767
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 > int2 '0';
+  f1   
+-------
+  1234
+ 32767
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 > int4 '0';
+  f1   
+-------
+  1234
+ 32767
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 >= int2 '0';
+  f1   
+-------
+     0
+  1234
+ 32767
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 >= int4 '0';
+  f1   
+-------
+     0
+  1234
+ 32767
+(3 rows)
+
+-- positive odds
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE (i.f1 % int2 '2') = int2 '1';
+  f1   
+-------
+ 32767
+(1 row)
+
+-- any evens
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE (i.f1 % int4 '2') = int2 '0';
+  f1   
+-------
+     0
+  1234
+ -1234
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i
+WHERE abs(f1) < 16384;
+  f1   |   x   
+-------+-------
+     0 |     0
+  1234 |  2468
+ -1234 | -2468
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int4 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+   f1   |   x    
+--------+--------
+      0 |      0
+   1234 |   2468
+  -1234 |  -2468
+  32767 |  65534
+ -32767 | -65534
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i
+WHERE f1 < 32766;
+   f1   |   x    
+--------+--------
+      0 |      2
+   1234 |   1236
+  -1234 |  -1232
+ -32767 | -32765
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int4 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+   f1   |   x    
+--------+--------
+      0 |      2
+   1234 |   1236
+  -1234 |  -1232
+  32767 |  32769
+ -32767 | -32765
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i
+WHERE f1 > -32767;
+  f1   |   x   
+-------+-------
+     0 |    -2
+  1234 |  1232
+ -1234 | -1236
+ 32767 | 32765
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int4 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+   f1   |   x    
+--------+--------
+      0 |     -2
+   1234 |   1232
+  -1234 |  -1236
+  32767 |  32765
+ -32767 | -32769
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 / int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+   f1   |   x    
+--------+--------
+      0 |      0
+   1234 |    617
+  -1234 |   -617
+  32767 |  16383
+ -32767 | -16383
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 / int4 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+   f1   |   x    
+--------+--------
+      0 |      0
+   1234 |    617
+  -1234 |   -617
+  32767 |  16383
+ -32767 | -16383
+(5 rows)
+
+-- corner cases
+SELECT (-1::int2<<15)::text;
+  text  
+--------
+ -32768
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ((-1::int2<<15)+1::int2)::text;
+  text  
+--------
+ -32767
+(1 row)
+
+-- check sane handling of INT16_MIN overflow cases
+SELECT (-32768)::int2 * (-1)::int2;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT (-32768)::int2 / (-1)::int2;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT (-32768)::int2 % (-1)::int2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+-- check rounding when casting from float
+SELECT x, x::int2 AS int2_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::float8),
+             (-1.5::float8),
+             (-0.5::float8),
+             (0.0::float8),
+             (0.5::float8),
+             (1.5::float8),
+             (2.5::float8)) t(x);
+  x   | int2_value 
+------+------------
+ -2.5 |         -2
+ -1.5 |         -2
+ -0.5 |          0
+    0 |          0
+  0.5 |          0
+  1.5 |          2
+  2.5 |          2
+(7 rows)
+
+-- check rounding when casting from numeric
+SELECT x, x::int2 AS int2_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::numeric),
+             (-1.5::numeric),
+             (-0.5::numeric),
+             (0.0::numeric),
+             (0.5::numeric),
+             (1.5::numeric),
+             (2.5::numeric)) t(x);
+  x   | int2_value 
+------+------------
+ -2.5 |         -3
+ -1.5 |         -2
+ -0.5 |         -1
+  0.0 |          0
+  0.5 |          1
+  1.5 |          2
+  2.5 |          3
+(7 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/int4.out b/src/test/regress/expected/int4.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbcc0e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/int4.out
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+--
+-- INT4
+--
+-- int4_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('34.5');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "34.5"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('34.5');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1000000000000');
+ERROR:  value "1000000000000" is out of range for type integer
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1000000000000');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdf');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "asdf"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdf');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "     "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     ');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('   asdf   ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "   asdf   "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('   asdf   ');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('- 1234');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "- 1234"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('- 1234');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123       5');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "123       5"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123       5');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: ""
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+                                         ^
+SELECT * FROM INT4_TBL;
+     f1      
+-------------
+           0
+      123456
+     -123456
+  2147483647
+ -2147483647
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <> int2 '0';
+     f1      
+-------------
+      123456
+     -123456
+  2147483647
+ -2147483647
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <> int4 '0';
+     f1      
+-------------
+      123456
+     -123456
+  2147483647
+ -2147483647
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 = int2 '0';
+ f1 
+----
+  0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 = int4 '0';
+ f1 
+----
+  0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 < int2 '0';
+     f1      
+-------------
+     -123456
+ -2147483647
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 < int4 '0';
+     f1      
+-------------
+     -123456
+ -2147483647
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <= int2 '0';
+     f1      
+-------------
+           0
+     -123456
+ -2147483647
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <= int4 '0';
+     f1      
+-------------
+           0
+     -123456
+ -2147483647
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 > int2 '0';
+     f1     
+------------
+     123456
+ 2147483647
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 > int4 '0';
+     f1     
+------------
+     123456
+ 2147483647
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 >= int2 '0';
+     f1     
+------------
+          0
+     123456
+ 2147483647
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 >= int4 '0';
+     f1     
+------------
+          0
+     123456
+ 2147483647
+(3 rows)
+
+-- positive odds
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE (i.f1 % int2 '2') = int2 '1';
+     f1     
+------------
+ 2147483647
+(1 row)
+
+-- any evens
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE (i.f1 % int4 '2') = int2 '0';
+   f1    
+---------
+       0
+  123456
+ -123456
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE abs(f1) < 1073741824;
+   f1    |    x    
+---------+---------
+       0 |       0
+  123456 |  246912
+ -123456 | -246912
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE abs(f1) < 1073741824;
+   f1    |    x    
+---------+---------
+       0 |       0
+  123456 |  246912
+ -123456 | -246912
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE f1 < 2147483646;
+     f1      |      x      
+-------------+-------------
+           0 |           2
+      123456 |      123458
+     -123456 |     -123454
+ -2147483647 | -2147483645
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE f1 < 2147483646;
+     f1      |      x      
+-------------+-------------
+           0 |           2
+      123456 |      123458
+     -123456 |     -123454
+ -2147483647 | -2147483645
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE f1 > -2147483647;
+     f1     |     x      
+------------+------------
+          0 |         -2
+     123456 |     123454
+    -123456 |    -123458
+ 2147483647 | 2147483645
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE f1 > -2147483647;
+     f1     |     x      
+------------+------------
+          0 |         -2
+     123456 |     123454
+    -123456 |    -123458
+ 2147483647 | 2147483645
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 / int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+     f1      |      x      
+-------------+-------------
+           0 |           0
+      123456 |       61728
+     -123456 |      -61728
+  2147483647 |  1073741823
+ -2147483647 | -1073741823
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 / int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+     f1      |      x      
+-------------+-------------
+           0 |           0
+      123456 |       61728
+     -123456 |      -61728
+  2147483647 |  1073741823
+ -2147483647 | -1073741823
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- more complex expressions
+--
+-- variations on unary minus parsing
+SELECT -2+3 AS one;
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 4-2 AS two;
+ two 
+-----
+   2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2- -1 AS three;
+ three 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2 - -2 AS four;
+ four 
+------
+    4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT int2 '2' * int2 '2' = int2 '16' / int2 '4' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT int4 '2' * int2 '2' = int2 '16' / int4 '4' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT int2 '2' * int4 '2' = int4 '16' / int2 '4' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT int4 '1000' < int4 '999' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 AS ten;
+ ten 
+-----
+  10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2 + 2 / 2 AS three;
+ three 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (2 + 2) / 2 AS two;
+ two 
+-----
+   2
+(1 row)
+
+-- corner case
+SELECT (-1::int4<<31)::text;
+    text     
+-------------
+ -2147483648
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ((-1::int4<<31)+1)::text;
+    text     
+-------------
+ -2147483647
+(1 row)
+
+-- check sane handling of INT_MIN overflow cases
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 * (-1)::int4;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 / (-1)::int4;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 % (-1)::int4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 * (-1)::int2;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 / (-1)::int2;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 % (-1)::int2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+-- check rounding when casting from float
+SELECT x, x::int4 AS int4_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::float8),
+             (-1.5::float8),
+             (-0.5::float8),
+             (0.0::float8),
+             (0.5::float8),
+             (1.5::float8),
+             (2.5::float8)) t(x);
+  x   | int4_value 
+------+------------
+ -2.5 |         -2
+ -1.5 |         -2
+ -0.5 |          0
+    0 |          0
+  0.5 |          0
+  1.5 |          2
+  2.5 |          2
+(7 rows)
+
+-- check rounding when casting from numeric
+SELECT x, x::int4 AS int4_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::numeric),
+             (-1.5::numeric),
+             (-0.5::numeric),
+             (0.0::numeric),
+             (0.5::numeric),
+             (1.5::numeric),
+             (2.5::numeric)) t(x);
+  x   | int4_value 
+------+------------
+ -2.5 |         -3
+ -1.5 |         -2
+ -0.5 |         -1
+  0.0 |          0
+  0.5 |          1
+  1.5 |          2
+  2.5 |          3
+(7 rows)
+
+-- test gcd()
+SELECT a, b, gcd(a, b), gcd(a, -b), gcd(b, a), gcd(-b, a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::int4, 0::int4),
+             (0::int4, 6410818::int4),
+             (61866666::int4, 6410818::int4),
+             (-61866666::int4, 6410818::int4),
+             ((-2147483648)::int4, 1::int4),
+             ((-2147483648)::int4, 2147483647::int4),
+             ((-2147483648)::int4, 1073741824::int4)) AS v(a, b);
+      a      |     b      |    gcd     |    gcd     |    gcd     |    gcd     
+-------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------
+           0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0 |          0
+           0 |    6410818 |    6410818 |    6410818 |    6410818 |    6410818
+    61866666 |    6410818 |       1466 |       1466 |       1466 |       1466
+   -61866666 |    6410818 |       1466 |       1466 |       1466 |       1466
+ -2147483648 |          1 |          1 |          1 |          1 |          1
+ -2147483648 | 2147483647 |          1 |          1 |          1 |          1
+ -2147483648 | 1073741824 | 1073741824 | 1073741824 | 1073741824 | 1073741824
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT gcd((-2147483648)::int4, 0::int4); -- overflow
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT gcd((-2147483648)::int4, (-2147483648)::int4); -- overflow
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+-- test lcm()
+SELECT a, b, lcm(a, b), lcm(a, -b), lcm(b, a), lcm(-b, a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::int4, 0::int4),
+             (0::int4, 42::int4),
+             (42::int4, 42::int4),
+             (330::int4, 462::int4),
+             (-330::int4, 462::int4),
+             ((-2147483648)::int4, 0::int4)) AS v(a, b);
+      a      |  b  | lcm  | lcm  | lcm  | lcm  
+-------------+-----+------+------+------+------
+           0 |   0 |    0 |    0 |    0 |    0
+           0 |  42 |    0 |    0 |    0 |    0
+          42 |  42 |   42 |   42 |   42 |   42
+         330 | 462 | 2310 | 2310 | 2310 | 2310
+        -330 | 462 | 2310 | 2310 | 2310 | 2310
+ -2147483648 |   0 |    0 |    0 |    0 |    0
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT lcm((-2147483648)::int4, 1::int4); -- overflow
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT lcm(2147483647::int4, 2147483646::int4); -- overflow
+ERROR:  integer out of range
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/int8.out b/src/test/regress/expected/int8.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ae23cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/int8.out
@@ -0,0 +1,929 @@
+--
+-- INT8
+-- Test int8 64-bit integers.
+--
+-- int8_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('      ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type bigint: "      "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('      ');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('xxx');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type bigint: "xxx"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('xxx');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('3908203590239580293850293850329485');
+ERROR:  value "3908203590239580293850293850329485" is out of range for type bigint
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('39082035902395802938502938...
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('-1204982019841029840928340329840934');
+ERROR:  value "-1204982019841029840928340329840934" is out of range for type bigint
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('-1204982019841029840928340...
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('- 123');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type bigint: "- 123"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('- 123');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('  345     5');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type bigint: "  345     5"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('  345     5');
+                                         ^
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type bigint: ""
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('');
+                                         ^
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+-- int8/int8 cmp
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 = 4567890123456789;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+              123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <> 4567890123456789;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 < 4567890123456789;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 > 4567890123456789;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <= 4567890123456789;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 >= 4567890123456789;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+              123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+-- int8/int4 cmp
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 = 456;
+ q1  | q2  
+-----+-----
+ 123 | 456
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <> 456;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 < 456;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 > 456;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+              123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <= 456;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 >= 456;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+              123 |              456
+              123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+-- int4/int8 cmp
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 = q1;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 <> q1;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 < q1;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 > q1;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 <= q1;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 >= q1;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+-- int8/int2 cmp
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 = '456'::int2;
+ q1  | q2  
+-----+-----
+ 123 | 456
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <> '456'::int2;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 < '456'::int2;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 > '456'::int2;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+              123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <= '456'::int2;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 >= '456'::int2;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+              123 |              456
+              123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+-- int2/int8 cmp
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 = q1;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 <> q1;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 < q1;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 > q1;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 <= q1;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 >= q1;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT q1 AS plus, -q1 AS minus FROM INT8_TBL;
+       plus       |       minus       
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |              -123
+              123 |              -123
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 + q2 AS plus FROM INT8_TBL;
+        q1        |        q2         |       plus       
+------------------+-------------------+------------------
+              123 |               456 |              579
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456912
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456912
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 9135780246913578
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                0
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 - q2 AS minus FROM INT8_TBL;
+        q1        |        q2         |       minus       
+------------------+-------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456 |              -333
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | -4567890123456666
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |  4567890123456666
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |                 0
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |  9135780246913578
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 * q2 AS multiply FROM INT8_TBL;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 * q2 AS multiply FROM INT8_TBL
+ WHERE q1 < 1000 or (q2 > 0 and q2 < 1000);
+        q1        |        q2        |      multiply      
+------------------+------------------+--------------------
+              123 |              456 |              56088
+              123 | 4567890123456789 | 561850485185185047
+ 4567890123456789 |              123 | 561850485185185047
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 / q2 AS divide, q1 % q2 AS mod FROM INT8_TBL;
+        q1        |        q2         |     divide     | mod 
+------------------+-------------------+----------------+-----
+              123 |               456 |              0 | 123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 |              0 | 123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 37137318076884 |  57
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |              1 |   0
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |             -1 |   0
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT q1, float8(q1) FROM INT8_TBL;
+        q1        |        float8         
+------------------+-----------------------
+              123 |                   123
+              123 |                   123
+ 4567890123456789 | 4.567890123456789e+15
+ 4567890123456789 | 4.567890123456789e+15
+ 4567890123456789 | 4.567890123456789e+15
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT q2, float8(q2) FROM INT8_TBL;
+        q2         |         float8         
+-------------------+------------------------
+               456 |                    456
+  4567890123456789 |  4.567890123456789e+15
+               123 |                    123
+  4567890123456789 |  4.567890123456789e+15
+ -4567890123456789 | -4.567890123456789e+15
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT 37 + q1 AS plus4 FROM INT8_TBL;
+      plus4       
+------------------
+              160
+              160
+ 4567890123456826
+ 4567890123456826
+ 4567890123456826
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT 37 - q1 AS minus4 FROM INT8_TBL;
+      minus4       
+-------------------
+               -86
+               -86
+ -4567890123456752
+ -4567890123456752
+ -4567890123456752
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT 2 * q1 AS "twice int4" FROM INT8_TBL;
+    twice int4    
+------------------
+              246
+              246
+ 9135780246913578
+ 9135780246913578
+ 9135780246913578
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT q1 * 2 AS "twice int4" FROM INT8_TBL;
+    twice int4    
+------------------
+              246
+              246
+ 9135780246913578
+ 9135780246913578
+ 9135780246913578
+(5 rows)
+
+-- int8 op int4
+SELECT q1 + 42::int4 AS "8plus4", q1 - 42::int4 AS "8minus4", q1 * 42::int4 AS "8mul4", q1 / 42::int4 AS "8div4" FROM INT8_TBL;
+      8plus4      |     8minus4      |       8mul4        |      8div4      
+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------
+              165 |               81 |               5166 |               2
+              165 |               81 |               5166 |               2
+ 4567890123456831 | 4567890123456747 | 191851385185185138 | 108759288653733
+ 4567890123456831 | 4567890123456747 | 191851385185185138 | 108759288653733
+ 4567890123456831 | 4567890123456747 | 191851385185185138 | 108759288653733
+(5 rows)
+
+-- int4 op int8
+SELECT 246::int4 + q1 AS "4plus8", 246::int4 - q1 AS "4minus8", 246::int4 * q1 AS "4mul8", 246::int4 / q1 AS "4div8" FROM INT8_TBL;
+      4plus8      |      4minus8      |        4mul8        | 4div8 
+------------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------
+              369 |               123 |               30258 |     2
+              369 |               123 |               30258 |     2
+ 4567890123457035 | -4567890123456543 | 1123700970370370094 |     0
+ 4567890123457035 | -4567890123456543 | 1123700970370370094 |     0
+ 4567890123457035 | -4567890123456543 | 1123700970370370094 |     0
+(5 rows)
+
+-- int8 op int2
+SELECT q1 + 42::int2 AS "8plus2", q1 - 42::int2 AS "8minus2", q1 * 42::int2 AS "8mul2", q1 / 42::int2 AS "8div2" FROM INT8_TBL;
+      8plus2      |     8minus2      |       8mul2        |      8div2      
+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------
+              165 |               81 |               5166 |               2
+              165 |               81 |               5166 |               2
+ 4567890123456831 | 4567890123456747 | 191851385185185138 | 108759288653733
+ 4567890123456831 | 4567890123456747 | 191851385185185138 | 108759288653733
+ 4567890123456831 | 4567890123456747 | 191851385185185138 | 108759288653733
+(5 rows)
+
+-- int2 op int8
+SELECT 246::int2 + q1 AS "2plus8", 246::int2 - q1 AS "2minus8", 246::int2 * q1 AS "2mul8", 246::int2 / q1 AS "2div8" FROM INT8_TBL;
+      2plus8      |      2minus8      |        2mul8        | 2div8 
+------------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------
+              369 |               123 |               30258 |     2
+              369 |               123 |               30258 |     2
+ 4567890123457035 | -4567890123456543 | 1123700970370370094 |     0
+ 4567890123457035 | -4567890123456543 | 1123700970370370094 |     0
+ 4567890123457035 | -4567890123456543 | 1123700970370370094 |     0
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT q2, abs(q2) FROM INT8_TBL;
+        q2         |       abs        
+-------------------+------------------
+               456 |              456
+  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+               123 |              123
+  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT min(q1), min(q2) FROM INT8_TBL;
+ min |        min        
+-----+-------------------
+ 123 | -4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT max(q1), max(q2) FROM INT8_TBL;
+       max        |       max        
+------------------+------------------
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+-- TO_CHAR()
+--
+SELECT to_char(q1, '9G999G999G999G999G999'), to_char(q2, '9,999,999,999,999,999')
+	FROM INT8_TBL;
+        to_char         |        to_char         
+------------------------+------------------------
+                    123 |                    456
+                    123 |  4,567,890,123,456,789
+  4,567,890,123,456,789 |                    123
+  4,567,890,123,456,789 |  4,567,890,123,456,789
+  4,567,890,123,456,789 | -4,567,890,123,456,789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q1, '9G999G999G999G999G999D999G999'), to_char(q2, '9,999,999,999,999,999.999,999')
+	FROM INT8_TBL;
+            to_char             |            to_char             
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------
+                    123.000,000 |                    456.000,000
+                    123.000,000 |  4,567,890,123,456,789.000,000
+  4,567,890,123,456,789.000,000 |                    123.000,000
+  4,567,890,123,456,789.000,000 |  4,567,890,123,456,789.000,000
+  4,567,890,123,456,789.000,000 | -4,567,890,123,456,789.000,000
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char( (q1 * -1), '9999999999999999PR'), to_char( (q2 * -1), '9999999999999999.999PR')
+	FROM INT8_TBL;
+      to_char       |        to_char         
+--------------------+------------------------
+              <123> |              <456.000>
+              <123> | <4567890123456789.000>
+ <4567890123456789> |              <123.000>
+ <4567890123456789> | <4567890123456789.000>
+ <4567890123456789> |  4567890123456789.000 
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char( (q1 * -1), '9999999999999999S'), to_char( (q2 * -1), 'S9999999999999999')
+	FROM INT8_TBL;
+      to_char      |      to_char      
+-------------------+-------------------
+              123- |              -456
+              123- | -4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789- |              -123
+ 4567890123456789- | -4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789- | +4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'MI9999999999999999')     FROM INT8_TBL;
+      to_char      
+-------------------
+               456
+  4567890123456789
+               123
+  4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'FMS9999999999999999')    FROM INT8_TBL;
+      to_char      
+-------------------
+ +456
+ +4567890123456789
+ +123
+ +4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'FM9999999999999999THPR') FROM INT8_TBL;
+      to_char       
+--------------------
+ 456TH
+ 4567890123456789TH
+ 123RD
+ 4567890123456789TH
+ <4567890123456789>
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'SG9999999999999999th')   FROM INT8_TBL;
+       to_char       
+---------------------
+ +             456th
+ +4567890123456789th
+ +             123rd
+ +4567890123456789th
+ -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, '0999999999999999')       FROM INT8_TBL;
+      to_char      
+-------------------
+  0000000000000456
+  4567890123456789
+  0000000000000123
+  4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'S0999999999999999')      FROM INT8_TBL;
+      to_char      
+-------------------
+ +0000000000000456
+ +4567890123456789
+ +0000000000000123
+ +4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'FM0999999999999999')     FROM INT8_TBL;
+      to_char      
+-------------------
+ 0000000000000456
+ 4567890123456789
+ 0000000000000123
+ 4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'FM9999999999999999.000') FROM INT8_TBL;
+        to_char        
+-----------------------
+ 456.000
+ 4567890123456789.000
+ 123.000
+ 4567890123456789.000
+ -4567890123456789.000
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'L9999999999999999.000')  FROM INT8_TBL;
+        to_char         
+------------------------
+                456.000
+   4567890123456789.000
+                123.000
+   4567890123456789.000
+  -4567890123456789.000
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'FM9999999999999999.999') FROM INT8_TBL;
+      to_char       
+--------------------
+ 456.
+ 4567890123456789.
+ 123.
+ 4567890123456789.
+ -4567890123456789.
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'S 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 9 9') FROM INT8_TBL;
+                  to_char                  
+-------------------------------------------
+                            +4 5 6 . 0 0 0
+  +4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . 0 0 0
+                            +1 2 3 . 0 0 0
+  +4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . 0 0 0
+  -4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . 0 0 0
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, E'99999 "text" 9999 "9999" 999 "\\"text between quote marks\\"" 9999') FROM INT8_TBL;
+                          to_char                          
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+       text      9999     "text between quote marks"   456
+  45678 text 9012 9999 345 "text between quote marks" 6789
+       text      9999     "text between quote marks"   123
+  45678 text 9012 9999 345 "text between quote marks" 6789
+ -45678 text 9012 9999 345 "text between quote marks" 6789
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, '999999SG9999999999')     FROM INT8_TBL;
+      to_char      
+-------------------
+       +       456
+ 456789+0123456789
+       +       123
+ 456789+0123456789
+ 456789-0123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check min/max values and overflow behavior
+select '-9223372036854775808'::int8;
+         int8         
+----------------------
+ -9223372036854775808
+(1 row)
+
+select '-9223372036854775809'::int8;
+ERROR:  value "-9223372036854775809" is out of range for type bigint
+LINE 1: select '-9223372036854775809'::int8;
+               ^
+select '9223372036854775807'::int8;
+        int8         
+---------------------
+ 9223372036854775807
+(1 row)
+
+select '9223372036854775808'::int8;
+ERROR:  value "9223372036854775808" is out of range for type bigint
+LINE 1: select '9223372036854775808'::int8;
+               ^
+select -('-9223372036854775807'::int8);
+      ?column?       
+---------------------
+ 9223372036854775807
+(1 row)
+
+select -('-9223372036854775808'::int8);
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 + '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '-9223372036854775800'::int8 + '-9223372036854775800'::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 - '-9223372036854775800'::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '-9223372036854775800'::int8 - '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 * '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 / '0'::int8;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 % '0'::int8;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select abs('-9223372036854775808'::int8);
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 + '100'::int4;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '-9223372036854775800'::int8 - '100'::int4;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 * '100'::int4;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '100'::int4 + '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '-100'::int4 - '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '100'::int4 * '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 + '100'::int2;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '-9223372036854775800'::int8 - '100'::int2;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 * '100'::int2;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '-9223372036854775808'::int8 / '0'::int2;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select '100'::int2 + '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '-100'::int2 - '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '100'::int2 * '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+select '100'::int2 / '0'::int8;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS int4) FROM int8_tbl WHERE q2 = 456;
+ q1  
+-----
+ 123
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS int4) FROM int8_tbl WHERE q2 <> 456;
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS int2) FROM int8_tbl WHERE q2 = 456;
+ q1  
+-----
+ 123
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS int2) FROM int8_tbl WHERE q2 <> 456;
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT CAST('42'::int2 AS int8), CAST('-37'::int2 AS int8);
+ int8 | int8 
+------+------
+   42 |  -37
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS float4), CAST(q2 AS float8) FROM INT8_TBL;
+     q1      |           q2           
+-------------+------------------------
+         123 |                    456
+         123 |  4.567890123456789e+15
+ 4.56789e+15 |                    123
+ 4.56789e+15 |  4.567890123456789e+15
+ 4.56789e+15 | -4.567890123456789e+15
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT CAST('36854775807.0'::float4 AS int8);
+    int8     
+-------------
+ 36854775808
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT CAST('922337203685477580700.0'::float8 AS int8);
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS oid) FROM INT8_TBL;
+ERROR:  OID out of range
+SELECT oid::int8 FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'pg_class';
+ oid  
+------
+ 1259
+(1 row)
+
+-- bit operations
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 & q2 AS "and", q1 | q2 AS "or", q1 # q2 AS "xor", ~q1 AS "not" FROM INT8_TBL;
+        q1        |        q2         |       and        |        or        |       xor        |        not        
+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456 |               72 |              507 |              435 |              -124
+              123 |  4567890123456789 |               17 | 4567890123456895 | 4567890123456878 |              -124
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |               17 | 4567890123456895 | 4567890123456878 | -4567890123456790
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |                0 | -4567890123456790
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                1 |               -1 |               -2 | -4567890123456790
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT q1, q1 << 2 AS "shl", q1 >> 3 AS "shr" FROM INT8_TBL;
+        q1        |        shl        |       shr       
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------
+              123 |               492 |              15
+              123 |               492 |              15
+ 4567890123456789 | 18271560493827156 | 570986265432098
+ 4567890123456789 | 18271560493827156 | 570986265432098
+ 4567890123456789 | 18271560493827156 | 570986265432098
+(5 rows)
+
+-- generate_series
+SELECT * FROM generate_series('+4567890123456789'::int8, '+4567890123456799'::int8);
+ generate_series  
+------------------
+ 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456790
+ 4567890123456791
+ 4567890123456792
+ 4567890123456793
+ 4567890123456794
+ 4567890123456795
+ 4567890123456796
+ 4567890123456797
+ 4567890123456798
+ 4567890123456799
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM generate_series('+4567890123456789'::int8, '+4567890123456799'::int8, 0);
+ERROR:  step size cannot equal zero
+SELECT * FROM generate_series('+4567890123456789'::int8, '+4567890123456799'::int8, 2);
+ generate_series  
+------------------
+ 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456791
+ 4567890123456793
+ 4567890123456795
+ 4567890123456797
+ 4567890123456799
+(6 rows)
+
+-- corner case
+SELECT (-1::int8<<63)::text;
+         text         
+----------------------
+ -9223372036854775808
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ((-1::int8<<63)+1)::text;
+         text         
+----------------------
+ -9223372036854775807
+(1 row)
+
+-- check sane handling of INT64_MIN overflow cases
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 * (-1)::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 / (-1)::int8;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 % (-1)::int8;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 * (-1)::int4;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 / (-1)::int4;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 % (-1)::int4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 * (-1)::int2;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 / (-1)::int2;
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 % (-1)::int2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+-- check rounding when casting from float
+SELECT x, x::int8 AS int8_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::float8),
+             (-1.5::float8),
+             (-0.5::float8),
+             (0.0::float8),
+             (0.5::float8),
+             (1.5::float8),
+             (2.5::float8)) t(x);
+  x   | int8_value 
+------+------------
+ -2.5 |         -2
+ -1.5 |         -2
+ -0.5 |          0
+    0 |          0
+  0.5 |          0
+  1.5 |          2
+  2.5 |          2
+(7 rows)
+
+-- check rounding when casting from numeric
+SELECT x, x::int8 AS int8_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::numeric),
+             (-1.5::numeric),
+             (-0.5::numeric),
+             (0.0::numeric),
+             (0.5::numeric),
+             (1.5::numeric),
+             (2.5::numeric)) t(x);
+  x   | int8_value 
+------+------------
+ -2.5 |         -3
+ -1.5 |         -2
+ -0.5 |         -1
+  0.0 |          0
+  0.5 |          1
+  1.5 |          2
+  2.5 |          3
+(7 rows)
+
+-- test gcd()
+SELECT a, b, gcd(a, b), gcd(a, -b), gcd(b, a), gcd(-b, a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::int8, 0::int8),
+             (0::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             (288484263558::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             (-288484263558::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             ((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 1::int8),
+             ((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 9223372036854775807::int8),
+             ((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 4611686018427387904::int8)) AS v(a, b);
+          a           |          b          |         gcd         |         gcd         |         gcd         |         gcd         
+----------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------
+                    0 |                   0 |                   0 |                   0 |                   0 |                   0
+                    0 |         29893644334 |         29893644334 |         29893644334 |         29893644334 |         29893644334
+         288484263558 |         29893644334 |             6835958 |             6835958 |             6835958 |             6835958
+        -288484263558 |         29893644334 |             6835958 |             6835958 |             6835958 |             6835958
+ -9223372036854775808 |                   1 |                   1 |                   1 |                   1 |                   1
+ -9223372036854775808 | 9223372036854775807 |                   1 |                   1 |                   1 |                   1
+ -9223372036854775808 | 4611686018427387904 | 4611686018427387904 | 4611686018427387904 | 4611686018427387904 | 4611686018427387904
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT gcd((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 0::int8); -- overflow
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT gcd((-9223372036854775808)::int8, (-9223372036854775808)::int8); -- overflow
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+-- test lcm()
+SELECT a, b, lcm(a, b), lcm(a, -b), lcm(b, a), lcm(-b, a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::int8, 0::int8),
+             (0::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             (29893644334::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             (288484263558::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             (-288484263558::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             ((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 0::int8)) AS v(a, b);
+          a           |      b      |       lcm        |       lcm        |       lcm        |       lcm        
+----------------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                    0 |           0 |                0 |                0 |                0 |                0
+                    0 | 29893644334 |                0 |                0 |                0 |                0
+          29893644334 | 29893644334 |      29893644334 |      29893644334 |      29893644334 |      29893644334
+         288484263558 | 29893644334 | 1261541684539134 | 1261541684539134 | 1261541684539134 | 1261541684539134
+        -288484263558 | 29893644334 | 1261541684539134 | 1261541684539134 | 1261541684539134 | 1261541684539134
+ -9223372036854775808 |           0 |                0 |                0 |                0 |                0
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT lcm((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 1::int8); -- overflow
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT lcm(9223372036854775807::int8, 9223372036854775806::int8); -- overflow
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/interval.out b/src/test/regress/expected/interval.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5350abf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/interval.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1758 @@
+--
+-- INTERVAL
+--
+SET DATESTYLE = 'ISO';
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres;
+-- check acceptance of "time zone style"
+SELECT INTERVAL '01:00' AS "One hour";
+ One hour 
+----------
+ 01:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT INTERVAL '+02:00' AS "Two hours";
+ Two hours 
+-----------
+ 02:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT INTERVAL '-08:00' AS "Eight hours";
+ Eight hours 
+-------------
+ -08:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT INTERVAL '-1 +02:03' AS "22 hours ago...";
+  22 hours ago...  
+-------------------
+ -1 days +02:03:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT INTERVAL '-1 days +02:03' AS "22 hours ago...";
+  22 hours ago...  
+-------------------
+ -1 days +02:03:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT INTERVAL '1.5 weeks' AS "Ten days twelve hours";
+ Ten days twelve hours 
+-----------------------
+ 10 days 12:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT INTERVAL '1.5 months' AS "One month 15 days";
+ One month 15 days 
+-------------------
+ 1 mon 15 days
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT INTERVAL '10 years -11 month -12 days +13:14' AS "9 years...";
+            9 years...            
+----------------------------------
+ 9 years 1 mon -12 days +13:14:00
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE INTERVAL_TBL (f1 interval);
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 1 minute');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 5 hour');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 10 day');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 34 year');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 3 months');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 14 seconds ago');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1 day 2 hours 3 minutes 4 seconds');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('6 years');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('5 months');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('5 months 12 hours');
+-- badly formatted interval
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('badly formatted interval');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "badly formatted interval"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('badly formatted inter...
+                                              ^
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 30 eons ago');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "@ 30 eons ago"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 30 eons ago');
+                                              ^
+-- test interval operators
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL;
+       f1        
+-----------------
+ 00:01:00
+ 05:00:00
+ 10 days
+ 34 years
+ 3 mons
+ -00:00:14
+ 1 day 02:03:04
+ 6 years
+ 5 mons
+ 5 mons 12:00:00
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 <> interval '@ 10 days';
+       f1        
+-----------------
+ 00:01:00
+ 05:00:00
+ 34 years
+ 3 mons
+ -00:00:14
+ 1 day 02:03:04
+ 6 years
+ 5 mons
+ 5 mons 12:00:00
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 <= interval '@ 5 hours';
+    f1     
+-----------
+ 00:01:00
+ 05:00:00
+ -00:00:14
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 < interval '@ 1 day';
+    f1     
+-----------
+ 00:01:00
+ 05:00:00
+ -00:00:14
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 = interval '@ 34 years';
+    f1    
+----------
+ 34 years
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 >= interval '@ 1 month';
+       f1        
+-----------------
+ 34 years
+ 3 mons
+ 6 years
+ 5 mons
+ 5 mons 12:00:00
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 > interval '@ 3 seconds ago';
+       f1        
+-----------------
+ 00:01:00
+ 05:00:00
+ 10 days
+ 34 years
+ 3 mons
+ 1 day 02:03:04
+ 6 years
+ 5 mons
+ 5 mons 12:00:00
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT r1.*, r2.*
+   FROM INTERVAL_TBL r1, INTERVAL_TBL r2
+   WHERE r1.f1 > r2.f1
+   ORDER BY r1.f1, r2.f1;
+       f1        |       f1        
+-----------------+-----------------
+ 00:01:00        | -00:00:14
+ 05:00:00        | -00:00:14
+ 05:00:00        | 00:01:00
+ 1 day 02:03:04  | -00:00:14
+ 1 day 02:03:04  | 00:01:00
+ 1 day 02:03:04  | 05:00:00
+ 10 days         | -00:00:14
+ 10 days         | 00:01:00
+ 10 days         | 05:00:00
+ 10 days         | 1 day 02:03:04
+ 3 mons          | -00:00:14
+ 3 mons          | 00:01:00
+ 3 mons          | 05:00:00
+ 3 mons          | 1 day 02:03:04
+ 3 mons          | 10 days
+ 5 mons          | -00:00:14
+ 5 mons          | 00:01:00
+ 5 mons          | 05:00:00
+ 5 mons          | 1 day 02:03:04
+ 5 mons          | 10 days
+ 5 mons          | 3 mons
+ 5 mons 12:00:00 | -00:00:14
+ 5 mons 12:00:00 | 00:01:00
+ 5 mons 12:00:00 | 05:00:00
+ 5 mons 12:00:00 | 1 day 02:03:04
+ 5 mons 12:00:00 | 10 days
+ 5 mons 12:00:00 | 3 mons
+ 5 mons 12:00:00 | 5 mons
+ 6 years         | -00:00:14
+ 6 years         | 00:01:00
+ 6 years         | 05:00:00
+ 6 years         | 1 day 02:03:04
+ 6 years         | 10 days
+ 6 years         | 3 mons
+ 6 years         | 5 mons
+ 6 years         | 5 mons 12:00:00
+ 34 years        | -00:00:14
+ 34 years        | 00:01:00
+ 34 years        | 05:00:00
+ 34 years        | 1 day 02:03:04
+ 34 years        | 10 days
+ 34 years        | 3 mons
+ 34 years        | 5 mons
+ 34 years        | 5 mons 12:00:00
+ 34 years        | 6 years
+(45 rows)
+
+-- Test intervals that are large enough to overflow 64 bits in comparisons
+CREATE TEMP TABLE INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1 interval);
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES
+  ('2147483647 days 2147483647 months'),
+  ('2147483647 days -2147483648 months'),
+  ('1 year'),
+  ('-2147483648 days 2147483647 months'),
+  ('-2147483648 days -2147483648 months');
+-- these should fail as out-of-range
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('2147483648 days');
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483648 days"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('2147483648 days');
+                                                 ^
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('-2147483649 days');
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483649 days"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('-2147483649 days')...
+                                                 ^
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('2147483647 years');
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('2147483647 years')...
+                                                 ^
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('-2147483648 years');
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('-2147483648 years'...
+                                                 ^
+-- Test edge-case overflow detection in interval multiplication
+select extract(epoch from '256 microseconds'::interval * (2^55)::float8);
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+SELECT r1.*, r2.*
+   FROM INTERVAL_TBL_OF r1, INTERVAL_TBL_OF r2
+   WHERE r1.f1 > r2.f1
+   ORDER BY r1.f1, r2.f1;
+                    f1                     |                    f1                     
+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
+ -178956970 years -8 mons +2147483647 days | -178956970 years -8 mons -2147483648 days
+ 1 year                                    | -178956970 years -8 mons -2147483648 days
+ 1 year                                    | -178956970 years -8 mons +2147483647 days
+ 178956970 years 7 mons -2147483648 days   | -178956970 years -8 mons -2147483648 days
+ 178956970 years 7 mons -2147483648 days   | -178956970 years -8 mons +2147483647 days
+ 178956970 years 7 mons -2147483648 days   | 1 year
+ 178956970 years 7 mons 2147483647 days    | -178956970 years -8 mons -2147483648 days
+ 178956970 years 7 mons 2147483647 days    | -178956970 years -8 mons +2147483647 days
+ 178956970 years 7 mons 2147483647 days    | 1 year
+ 178956970 years 7 mons 2147483647 days    | 178956970 years 7 mons -2147483648 days
+(10 rows)
+
+CREATE INDEX ON INTERVAL_TBL_OF USING btree (f1);
+SET enable_seqscan TO false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT f1 FROM INTERVAL_TBL_OF r1 ORDER BY f1;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using interval_tbl_of_f1_idx on interval_tbl_of r1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT f1 FROM INTERVAL_TBL_OF r1 ORDER BY f1;
+                    f1                     
+-------------------------------------------
+ -178956970 years -8 mons -2147483648 days
+ -178956970 years -8 mons +2147483647 days
+ 1 year
+ 178956970 years 7 mons -2147483648 days
+ 178956970 years 7 mons 2147483647 days
+(5 rows)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+DROP TABLE INTERVAL_TBL_OF;
+-- Test multiplication and division with intervals.
+-- Floating point arithmetic rounding errors can lead to unexpected results,
+-- though the code attempts to do the right thing and round up to days and
+-- minutes to avoid results such as '3 days 24:00 hours' or '14:20:60'.
+-- Note that it is expected for some day components to be greater than 29 and
+-- some time components be greater than 23:59:59 due to how intervals are
+-- stored internally.
+CREATE TABLE INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL (span interval);
+COPY INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL FROM STDIN;
+SELECT span * 0.3 AS product
+FROM INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL;
+              product               
+------------------------------------
+ 1 year 12 days 122:24:00
+ -1 years -12 days +93:36:00
+ -3 days -14:24:00
+ 2 mons 13 days 01:22:28.8
+ -10 mons +120 days 37:28:21.6567
+ 1 mon 6 days
+ 4 mons 6 days
+ 24 years 11 mons 320 days 16:48:00
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT span * 8.2 AS product
+FROM INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL;
+                   product                   
+---------------------------------------------
+ 28 years 104 days 2961:36:00
+ -28 years -104 days +2942:24:00
+ -98 days -09:36:00
+ 6 years 1 mon -197 days +93:34:27.2
+ -24 years -7 mons +3946 days 640:15:11.9498
+ 2 years 8 mons 24 days
+ 9 years 6 mons 24 days
+ 682 years 7 mons 8215 days 19:12:00
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT span / 10 AS quotient
+FROM INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL;
+             quotient             
+----------------------------------
+ 4 mons 4 days 40:48:00
+ -4 mons -4 days +31:12:00
+ -1 days -04:48:00
+ 25 days -15:32:30.4
+ -3 mons +30 days 12:29:27.2189
+ 12 days
+ 1 mon 12 days
+ 8 years 3 mons 126 days 21:36:00
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT span / 100 AS quotient
+FROM INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL;
+        quotient         
+-------------------------
+ 12 days 13:40:48
+ -12 days -06:28:48
+ -02:52:48
+ 2 days 10:26:44.96
+ -6 days +01:14:56.72189
+ 1 day 04:48:00
+ 4 days 04:48:00
+ 9 mons 39 days 16:33:36
+(8 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL;
+SET DATESTYLE = 'postgres';
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres_verbose;
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL;
+              f1               
+-------------------------------
+ @ 1 min
+ @ 5 hours
+ @ 10 days
+ @ 34 years
+ @ 3 mons
+ @ 14 secs ago
+ @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs
+ @ 6 years
+ @ 5 mons
+ @ 5 mons 12 hours
+(10 rows)
+
+-- test avg(interval), which is somewhat fragile since people have been
+-- known to change the allowed input syntax for type interval without
+-- updating pg_aggregate.agginitval
+select avg(f1) from interval_tbl;
+                       avg                       
+-------------------------------------------------
+ @ 4 years 1 mon 10 days 4 hours 18 mins 23 secs
+(1 row)
+
+-- test long interval input
+select '4 millenniums 5 centuries 4 decades 1 year 4 months 4 days 17 minutes 31 seconds'::interval;
+                  interval                  
+--------------------------------------------
+ @ 4541 years 4 mons 4 days 17 mins 31 secs
+(1 row)
+
+-- test long interval output
+-- Note: the actual maximum length of the interval output is longer,
+-- but we need the test to work for both integer and floating-point
+-- timestamps.
+select '100000000y 10mon -1000000000d -100000h -10min -10.000001s ago'::interval;
+                                       interval                                        
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ @ 100000000 years 10 mons -1000000000 days -100000 hours -10 mins -10.000001 secs ago
+(1 row)
+
+-- test justify_hours() and justify_days()
+SELECT justify_hours(interval '6 months 3 days 52 hours 3 minutes 2 seconds') as "6 mons 5 days 4 hours 3 mins 2 seconds";
+ 6 mons 5 days 4 hours 3 mins 2 seconds 
+----------------------------------------
+ @ 6 mons 5 days 4 hours 3 mins 2 secs
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT justify_days(interval '6 months 36 days 5 hours 4 minutes 3 seconds') as "7 mons 6 days 5 hours 4 mins 3 seconds";
+ 7 mons 6 days 5 hours 4 mins 3 seconds 
+----------------------------------------
+ @ 7 mons 6 days 5 hours 4 mins 3 secs
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT justify_hours(interval '2147483647 days 24 hrs');
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+SELECT justify_days(interval '2147483647 months 30 days');
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+-- test justify_interval()
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '1 month -1 hour') as "1 month -1 hour";
+  1 month -1 hour   
+--------------------
+ @ 29 days 23 hours
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '2147483647 days 24 hrs');
+       justify_interval        
+-------------------------------
+ @ 5965232 years 4 mons 8 days
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '-2147483648 days -24 hrs');
+         justify_interval          
+-----------------------------------
+ @ 5965232 years 4 mons 9 days ago
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '2147483647 months 30 days');
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '-2147483648 months -30 days');
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '2147483647 months 30 days -24 hrs');
+         justify_interval         
+----------------------------------
+ @ 178956970 years 7 mons 29 days
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '-2147483648 months -30 days 24 hrs');
+           justify_interval           
+--------------------------------------
+ @ 178956970 years 8 mons 29 days ago
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '2147483647 months -30 days 1440 hrs');
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '-2147483648 months 30 days -1440 hrs');
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+-- test fractional second input, and detection of duplicate units
+SET DATESTYLE = 'ISO';
+SET IntervalStyle TO postgres;
+SELECT '1 millisecond'::interval, '1 microsecond'::interval,
+       '500 seconds 99 milliseconds 51 microseconds'::interval;
+   interval   |    interval     |    interval     
+--------------+-----------------+-----------------
+ 00:00:00.001 | 00:00:00.000001 | 00:08:20.099051
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '3 days 5 milliseconds'::interval;
+      interval       
+---------------------
+ 3 days 00:00:00.005
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1 second 2 seconds'::interval;              -- error
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 second 2 seconds"
+LINE 1: SELECT '1 second 2 seconds'::interval;
+               ^
+SELECT '10 milliseconds 20 milliseconds'::interval; -- error
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "10 milliseconds 20 milliseconds"
+LINE 1: SELECT '10 milliseconds 20 milliseconds'::interval;
+               ^
+SELECT '5.5 seconds 3 milliseconds'::interval;      -- error
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "5.5 seconds 3 milliseconds"
+LINE 1: SELECT '5.5 seconds 3 milliseconds'::interval;
+               ^
+SELECT '1:20:05 5 microseconds'::interval;          -- error
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "1:20:05 5 microseconds"
+LINE 1: SELECT '1:20:05 5 microseconds'::interval;
+               ^
+SELECT '1 day 1 day'::interval;                     -- error
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 day 1 day"
+LINE 1: SELECT '1 day 1 day'::interval;
+               ^
+SELECT interval '1-2';  -- SQL year-month literal
+   interval    
+---------------
+ 1 year 2 mons
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '999' second;  -- oversize leading field is ok
+ interval 
+----------
+ 00:16:39
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '999' minute;
+ interval 
+----------
+ 16:39:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '999' hour;
+ interval  
+-----------
+ 999:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '999' day;
+ interval 
+----------
+ 999 days
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '999' month;
+    interval     
+-----------------
+ 83 years 3 mons
+(1 row)
+
+-- test SQL-spec syntaxes for restricted field sets
+SELECT interval '1' year;
+ interval 
+----------
+ 1 year
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '2' month;
+ interval 
+----------
+ 2 mons
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '3' day;
+ interval 
+----------
+ 3 days
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '4' hour;
+ interval 
+----------
+ 04:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '5' minute;
+ interval 
+----------
+ 00:05:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '6' second;
+ interval 
+----------
+ 00:00:06
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1' year to month;
+ interval 
+----------
+ 1 mon
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1-2' year to month;
+   interval    
+---------------
+ 1 year 2 mons
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2' day to hour;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to hour;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' day to hour;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2' day to minute;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2"
+LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2' day to minute;
+                        ^
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to minute;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:03:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' day to minute;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:03:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2' day to second;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2"
+LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2' day to second;
+                        ^
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to second;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:03:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' day to second;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:03:04
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2' hour to minute;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2"
+LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2' hour to minute;
+                        ^
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' hour to minute;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:03:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' hour to minute;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:03:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2' hour to second;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2"
+LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2' hour to second;
+                        ^
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' hour to second;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:03:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' hour to second;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:03:04
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2' minute to second;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2"
+LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2' minute to second;
+                        ^
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' minute to second;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 00:02:03
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' minute to second;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:03:04
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 +2:03' minute to second;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 00:02:03
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 +2:03:04' minute to second;
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:03:04
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 -2:03' minute to second;
+    interval     
+-----------------
+ 1 day -00:02:03
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 -2:03:04' minute to second;
+    interval     
+-----------------
+ 1 day -02:03:04
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '123 11' day to hour; -- ok
+     interval      
+-------------------
+ 123 days 11:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '123 11' day; -- not ok
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "123 11"
+LINE 1: SELECT interval '123 11' day;
+                        ^
+SELECT interval '123 11'; -- not ok, too ambiguous
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "123 11"
+LINE 1: SELECT interval '123 11';
+                        ^
+SELECT interval '123 2:03 -2:04'; -- not ok, redundant hh:mm fields
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "123 2:03 -2:04"
+LINE 1: SELECT interval '123 2:03 -2:04';
+                        ^
+-- test syntaxes for restricted precision
+SELECT interval(0) '1 day 01:23:45.6789';
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 01:23:46
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval(2) '1 day 01:23:45.6789';
+     interval      
+-------------------
+ 1 day 01:23:45.68
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '12:34.5678' minute to second(2);  -- per SQL spec
+  interval   
+-------------
+ 00:12:34.57
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1.234' second;
+   interval   
+--------------
+ 00:00:01.234
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1.234' second(2);
+  interval   
+-------------
+ 00:00:01.23
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2.345' day to second(2);
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2.345"
+LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2.345' day to second(2);
+                        ^
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to second(2);
+    interval    
+----------------
+ 1 day 02:03:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2:03.4567' day to second(2);
+     interval      
+-------------------
+ 1 day 00:02:03.46
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04.5678' day to second(2);
+     interval      
+-------------------
+ 1 day 02:03:04.57
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2.345' hour to second(2);
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2.345"
+LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2.345' hour to second(2);
+                        ^
+SELECT interval '1 2:03.45678' hour to second(2);
+     interval      
+-------------------
+ 1 day 00:02:03.46
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04.5678' hour to second(2);
+     interval      
+-------------------
+ 1 day 02:03:04.57
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2.3456' minute to second(2);
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2.3456"
+LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2.3456' minute to second(2);
+                        ^
+SELECT interval '1 2:03.5678' minute to second(2);
+     interval      
+-------------------
+ 1 day 00:02:03.57
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04.5678' minute to second(2);
+     interval      
+-------------------
+ 1 day 02:03:04.57
+(1 row)
+
+-- test casting to restricted precision (bug #14479)
+SELECT f1, f1::INTERVAL DAY TO MINUTE AS "minutes",
+  (f1 + INTERVAL '1 month')::INTERVAL MONTH::INTERVAL YEAR AS "years"
+  FROM interval_tbl;
+       f1        |     minutes     |  years   
+-----------------+-----------------+----------
+ 00:01:00        | 00:01:00        | 00:00:00
+ 05:00:00        | 05:00:00        | 00:00:00
+ 10 days         | 10 days         | 00:00:00
+ 34 years        | 34 years        | 34 years
+ 3 mons          | 3 mons          | 00:00:00
+ -00:00:14       | 00:00:00        | 00:00:00
+ 1 day 02:03:04  | 1 day 02:03:00  | 00:00:00
+ 6 years         | 6 years         | 6 years
+ 5 mons          | 5 mons          | 00:00:00
+ 5 mons 12:00:00 | 5 mons 12:00:00 | 00:00:00
+(10 rows)
+
+-- test inputting and outputting SQL standard interval literals
+SET IntervalStyle TO sql_standard;
+SELECT  interval '0'                       AS "zero",
+        interval '1-2' year to month       AS "year-month",
+        interval '1 2:03:04' day to second AS "day-time",
+        - interval '1-2'                   AS "negative year-month",
+        - interval '1 2:03:04'             AS "negative day-time";
+ zero | year-month | day-time  | negative year-month | negative day-time 
+------+------------+-----------+---------------------+-------------------
+ 0    | 1-2        | 1 2:03:04 | -1-2                | -1 2:03:04
+(1 row)
+
+-- test input of some not-quite-standard interval values in the sql style
+SET IntervalStyle TO postgres;
+SELECT  interval '+1 -1:00:00',
+        interval '-1 +1:00:00',
+        interval '+1-2 -3 +4:05:06.789',
+        interval '-1-2 +3 -4:05:06.789';
+    interval     |     interval      |              interval               |                interval                
+-----------------+-------------------+-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------
+ 1 day -01:00:00 | -1 days +01:00:00 | 1 year 2 mons -3 days +04:05:06.789 | -1 years -2 mons +3 days -04:05:06.789
+(1 row)
+
+-- cases that trigger sign-matching rules in the sql style
+SELECT  interval '-23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 day 23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 year 2 months 1 day 23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 year 2 months 1 day 23 hours 45 min +12.34 sec';
+   interval   |       interval       |          interval           |          interval           
+--------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------
+ -22:14:47.66 | -1 days +23:45:12.34 | -10 mons +1 day 23:45:12.34 | -10 mons +1 day 23:45:12.34
+(1 row)
+
+-- test output of couple non-standard interval values in the sql style
+SET IntervalStyle TO sql_standard;
+SELECT  interval '1 day -1 hours',
+        interval '-1 days +1 hours',
+        interval '1 years 2 months -3 days 4 hours 5 minutes 6.789 seconds',
+        - interval '1 years 2 months -3 days 4 hours 5 minutes 6.789 seconds';
+     interval     |     interval     |       interval       |       ?column?       
+------------------+------------------+----------------------+----------------------
+ +0-0 +1 -1:00:00 | +0-0 -1 +1:00:00 | +1-2 -3 +4:05:06.789 | -1-2 +3 -4:05:06.789
+(1 row)
+
+-- cases that trigger sign-matching rules in the sql style
+SELECT  interval '-23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 day 23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 year 2 months 1 day 23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 year 2 months 1 day 23 hours 45 min +12.34 sec';
+   interval   |    interval    |       interval       |       interval        
+--------------+----------------+----------------------+-----------------------
+ -23:45:12.34 | -1 23:45:12.34 | -1-2 -1 -23:45:12.34 | -0-10 +1 +23:45:12.34
+(1 row)
+
+-- edge case for sign-matching rules
+SELECT  interval '';  -- error
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: ""
+LINE 1: SELECT  interval '';
+                         ^
+-- test outputting iso8601 intervals
+SET IntervalStyle to iso_8601;
+select  interval '0'                                AS "zero",
+        interval '1-2'                              AS "a year 2 months",
+        interval '1 2:03:04'                        AS "a bit over a day",
+        interval '2:03:04.45679'                    AS "a bit over 2 hours",
+        (interval '1-2' + interval '3 4:05:06.7')   AS "all fields",
+        (interval '1-2' - interval '3 4:05:06.7')   AS "mixed sign",
+        (- interval '1-2' + interval '3 4:05:06.7') AS "negative";
+ zero | a year 2 months | a bit over a day | a bit over 2 hours |    all fields    |      mixed sign      |      negative      
+------+-----------------+------------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------------+--------------------
+ PT0S | P1Y2M           | P1DT2H3M4S       | PT2H3M4.45679S     | P1Y2M3DT4H5M6.7S | P1Y2M-3DT-4H-5M-6.7S | P-1Y-2M3DT4H5M6.7S
+(1 row)
+
+-- test inputting ISO 8601 4.4.2.1 "Format With Time Unit Designators"
+SET IntervalStyle to sql_standard;
+select  interval 'P0Y'                    AS "zero",
+        interval 'P1Y2M'                  AS "a year 2 months",
+        interval 'P1W'                    AS "a week",
+        interval 'P1DT2H3M4S'             AS "a bit over a day",
+        interval 'P1Y2M3DT4H5M6.7S'       AS "all fields",
+        interval 'P-1Y-2M-3DT-4H-5M-6.7S' AS "negative",
+        interval 'PT-0.1S'                AS "fractional second";
+ zero | a year 2 months |  a week   | a bit over a day |     all fields     |      negative      | fractional second 
+------+-----------------+-----------+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------
+ 0    | 1-2             | 7 0:00:00 | 1 2:03:04        | +1-2 +3 +4:05:06.7 | -1-2 -3 -4:05:06.7 | -0:00:00.1
+(1 row)
+
+-- test inputting ISO 8601 4.4.2.2 "Alternative Format"
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres;
+select  interval 'P00021015T103020'       AS "ISO8601 Basic Format",
+        interval 'P0002-10-15T10:30:20'   AS "ISO8601 Extended Format";
+       ISO8601 Basic Format       |     ISO8601 Extended Format      
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------
+ 2 years 10 mons 15 days 10:30:20 | 2 years 10 mons 15 days 10:30:20
+(1 row)
+
+-- Make sure optional ISO8601 alternative format fields are optional.
+select  interval 'P0002'                  AS "year only",
+        interval 'P0002-10'               AS "year month",
+        interval 'P0002-10-15'            AS "year month day",
+        interval 'P0002T1S'               AS "year only plus time",
+        interval 'P0002-10T1S'            AS "year month plus time",
+        interval 'P0002-10-15T1S'         AS "year month day plus time",
+        interval 'PT10'                   AS "hour only",
+        interval 'PT10:30'                AS "hour minute";
+ year only |   year month    |     year month day      | year only plus time |   year month plus time   |     year month day plus time     | hour only | hour minute 
+-----------+-----------------+-------------------------+---------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+-------------
+ 2 years   | 2 years 10 mons | 2 years 10 mons 15 days | 2 years 00:00:01    | 2 years 10 mons 00:00:01 | 2 years 10 mons 15 days 00:00:01 | 10:00:00  | 10:30:00
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check handling of fractional fields in ISO8601 format.
+select interval 'P1Y0M3DT4H5M6S';
+        interval        
+------------------------
+ 1 year 3 days 04:05:06
+(1 row)
+
+select interval 'P1.0Y0M3DT4H5M6S';
+        interval        
+------------------------
+ 1 year 3 days 04:05:06
+(1 row)
+
+select interval 'P1.1Y0M3DT4H5M6S';
+           interval           
+------------------------------
+ 1 year 1 mon 3 days 04:05:06
+(1 row)
+
+select interval 'P1.Y0M3DT4H5M6S';
+        interval        
+------------------------
+ 1 year 3 days 04:05:06
+(1 row)
+
+select interval 'P.1Y0M3DT4H5M6S';
+       interval        
+-----------------------
+ 1 mon 3 days 04:05:06
+(1 row)
+
+select interval 'P10.5e4Y';  -- not per spec, but we've historically taken it
+   interval   
+--------------
+ 105000 years
+(1 row)
+
+select interval 'P.Y0M3DT4H5M6S';  -- error
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "P.Y0M3DT4H5M6S"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P.Y0M3DT4H5M6S';
+                        ^
+-- test a couple rounding cases that changed since 8.3 w/ HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP.
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres_verbose;
+select interval '-10 mons -3 days +03:55:06.70';
+                     interval                     
+--------------------------------------------------
+ @ 10 mons 3 days -3 hours -55 mins -6.7 secs ago
+(1 row)
+
+select interval '1 year 2 mons 3 days 04:05:06.699999';
+                      interval                       
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ @ 1 year 2 mons 3 days 4 hours 5 mins 6.699999 secs
+(1 row)
+
+select interval '0:0:0.7', interval '@ 0.70 secs', interval '0.7 seconds';
+  interval  |  interval  |  interval  
+------------+------------+------------
+ @ 0.7 secs | @ 0.7 secs | @ 0.7 secs
+(1 row)
+
+-- test time fields using entire 64 bit microseconds range
+select interval '2562047788.01521550194 hours';
+             interval              
+-----------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775807 secs
+(1 row)
+
+select interval '-2562047788.01521550222 hours';
+               interval                
+---------------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775808 secs ago
+(1 row)
+
+select interval '153722867280.912930117 minutes';
+             interval              
+-----------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775807 secs
+(1 row)
+
+select interval '-153722867280.912930133 minutes';
+               interval                
+---------------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775808 secs ago
+(1 row)
+
+select interval '9223372036854.775807 seconds';
+             interval              
+-----------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775807 secs
+(1 row)
+
+select interval '-9223372036854.775808 seconds';
+               interval                
+---------------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775808 secs ago
+(1 row)
+
+select interval '9223372036854775.807 milliseconds';
+             interval              
+-----------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775807 secs
+(1 row)
+
+select interval '-9223372036854775.808 milliseconds';
+               interval                
+---------------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775808 secs ago
+(1 row)
+
+select interval '9223372036854775807 microseconds';
+             interval              
+-----------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775807 secs
+(1 row)
+
+select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds';
+               interval                
+---------------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775808 secs ago
+(1 row)
+
+select interval 'PT2562047788H54.775807S';
+             interval              
+-----------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775807 secs
+(1 row)
+
+select interval 'PT-2562047788H-54.775808S';
+               interval                
+---------------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775808 secs ago
+(1 row)
+
+select interval 'PT2562047788:00:54.775807';
+             interval              
+-----------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775807 secs
+(1 row)
+
+select interval 'PT2562047788.0152155019444';
+             interval              
+-----------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775429 secs
+(1 row)
+
+select interval 'PT-2562047788.0152155022222';
+               interval                
+---------------------------------------
+ @ 2562047788 hours 54.775429 secs ago
+(1 row)
+
+-- overflow each date/time field
+select interval '2147483648 years';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483648 years"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483648 years';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483649 years';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483649 years"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483649 years';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483648 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483648 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483648 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483649 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483649 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483649 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483648 days';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483648 days"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483648 days';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483649 days';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483649 days"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483649 days';
+                        ^
+select interval '2562047789 hours';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2562047789 hours"
+LINE 1: select interval '2562047789 hours';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2562047789 hours';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2562047789 hours"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2562047789 hours';
+                        ^
+select interval '153722867281 minutes';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "153722867281 minutes"
+LINE 1: select interval '153722867281 minutes';
+                        ^
+select interval '-153722867281 minutes';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-153722867281 minutes"
+LINE 1: select interval '-153722867281 minutes';
+                        ^
+select interval '9223372036855 seconds';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "9223372036855 seconds"
+LINE 1: select interval '9223372036855 seconds';
+                        ^
+select interval '-9223372036855 seconds';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-9223372036855 seconds"
+LINE 1: select interval '-9223372036855 seconds';
+                        ^
+select interval '9223372036854777 millisecond';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "9223372036854777 millisecond"
+LINE 1: select interval '9223372036854777 millisecond';
+                        ^
+select interval '-9223372036854777 millisecond';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-9223372036854777 millisecond"
+LINE 1: select interval '-9223372036854777 millisecond';
+                        ^
+select interval '9223372036854775808 microsecond';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "9223372036854775808 microsecond"
+LINE 1: select interval '9223372036854775808 microsecond';
+                        ^
+select interval '-9223372036854775809 microsecond';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-9223372036854775809 microsecond"
+LINE 1: select interval '-9223372036854775809 microsecond';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P2147483648';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P2147483648"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P2147483648';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P-2147483649';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P-2147483649"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P-2147483649';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P1-2147483647-2147483647';
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+LINE 1: select interval 'P1-2147483647-2147483647';
+                        ^
+select interval 'PT2562047789';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "PT2562047789"
+LINE 1: select interval 'PT2562047789';
+                        ^
+select interval 'PT-2562047789';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "PT-2562047789"
+LINE 1: select interval 'PT-2562047789';
+                        ^
+-- overflow with date/time unit aliases
+select interval '2147483647 weeks';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 weeks"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 weeks';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 weeks';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 weeks"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 weeks';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 decades';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 decades"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 decades';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 decades';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 decades"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 decades';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 centuries';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 centuries"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 centuries';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 centuries';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 centuries"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 centuries';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 millennium';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 millennium"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 millennium';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 millennium';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 millennium"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 millennium';
+                        ^
+select interval '1 week 2147483647 days';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "1 week 2147483647 days"
+LINE 1: select interval '1 week 2147483647 days';
+                        ^
+select interval '-1 week -2147483648 days';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-1 week -2147483648 days"
+LINE 1: select interval '-1 week -2147483648 days';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 days 1 week';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 days 1 week"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 days 1 week';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 days -1 week';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 days -1 week"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 days -1 week';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P1W2147483647D';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P1W2147483647D"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P1W2147483647D';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P-1W-2147483648D';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P-1W-2147483648D"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P-1W-2147483648D';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P2147483647D1W';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P2147483647D1W"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P2147483647D1W';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P-2147483648D-1W';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P-2147483648D-1W"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P-2147483648D-1W';
+                        ^
+select interval '1 decade 2147483647 years';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "1 decade 2147483647 years"
+LINE 1: select interval '1 decade 2147483647 years';
+                        ^
+select interval '1 century 2147483647 years';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "1 century 2147483647 years"
+LINE 1: select interval '1 century 2147483647 years';
+                        ^
+select interval '1 millennium 2147483647 years';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "1 millennium 2147483647 years"
+LINE 1: select interval '1 millennium 2147483647 years';
+                        ^
+select interval '-1 decade -2147483648 years';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-1 decade -2147483648 years"
+LINE 1: select interval '-1 decade -2147483648 years';
+                        ^
+select interval '-1 century -2147483648 years';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-1 century -2147483648 years"
+LINE 1: select interval '-1 century -2147483648 years';
+                        ^
+select interval '-1 millennium -2147483648 years';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-1 millennium -2147483648 years"
+LINE 1: select interval '-1 millennium -2147483648 years';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 years 1 decade';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 years 1 decade"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 years 1 decade';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 years 1 century';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 years 1 century"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 years 1 century';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 years 1 millennium';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 years 1 millennium"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 years 1 millennium';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 years -1 decade';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 years -1 decade"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 years -1 decade';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 years -1 century';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 years -1 century"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 years -1 century';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 years -1 millennium';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 years -1 millennium"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 years -1 millennium';
+                        ^
+-- overflowing with fractional fields - postgres format
+select interval '0.1 millennium 2147483647 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "0.1 millennium 2147483647 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '0.1 millennium 2147483647 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '0.1 centuries 2147483647 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "0.1 centuries 2147483647 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '0.1 centuries 2147483647 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '0.1 decades 2147483647 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "0.1 decades 2147483647 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '0.1 decades 2147483647 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '0.1 yrs 2147483647 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "0.1 yrs 2147483647 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '0.1 yrs 2147483647 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '-0.1 millennium -2147483648 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-0.1 millennium -2147483648 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '-0.1 millennium -2147483648 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '-0.1 centuries -2147483648 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-0.1 centuries -2147483648 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '-0.1 centuries -2147483648 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '-0.1 decades -2147483648 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-0.1 decades -2147483648 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '-0.1 decades -2147483648 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '-0.1 yrs -2147483648 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-0.1 yrs -2147483648 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '-0.1 yrs -2147483648 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 millennium';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 months 0.1 millennium"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 millennium';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 centuries';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 months 0.1 centuries"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 centuries';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 decades';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 months 0.1 decades"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 decades';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 yrs';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 months 0.1 yrs"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 yrs';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 millennium';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 months -0.1 millennium"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 millennium';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 centuries';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 months -0.1 centuries"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 centuries';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 decades';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 months -0.1 decades"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 decades';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 yrs';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 months -0.1 yrs"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 yrs';
+                        ^
+select interval '0.1 months 2147483647 days';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "0.1 months 2147483647 days"
+LINE 1: select interval '0.1 months 2147483647 days';
+                        ^
+select interval '-0.1 months -2147483648 days';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-0.1 months -2147483648 days"
+LINE 1: select interval '-0.1 months -2147483648 days';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 days 0.1 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 days 0.1 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 days 0.1 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 days -0.1 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 days -0.1 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 days -0.1 months';
+                        ^
+select interval '0.5 weeks 2147483647 days';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "0.5 weeks 2147483647 days"
+LINE 1: select interval '0.5 weeks 2147483647 days';
+                        ^
+select interval '-0.5 weeks -2147483648 days';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-0.5 weeks -2147483648 days"
+LINE 1: select interval '-0.5 weeks -2147483648 days';
+                        ^
+select interval '2147483647 days 0.5 weeks';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2147483647 days 0.5 weeks"
+LINE 1: select interval '2147483647 days 0.5 weeks';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 days -0.5 weeks';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 days -0.5 weeks"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 days -0.5 weeks';
+                        ^
+select interval '0.01 months 9223372036854775807 microseconds';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "0.01 months 9223372036854775807 microseconds"
+LINE 1: select interval '0.01 months 9223372036854775807 microsecond...
+                        ^
+select interval '-0.01 months -9223372036854775808 microseconds';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-0.01 months -9223372036854775808 microseconds"
+LINE 1: select interval '-0.01 months -9223372036854775808 microseco...
+                        ^
+select interval '9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.01 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.01 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.01 month...
+                        ^
+select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.01 months';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.01 months"
+LINE 1: select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.01 mon...
+                        ^
+select interval '0.1 weeks 9223372036854775807 microseconds';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "0.1 weeks 9223372036854775807 microseconds"
+LINE 1: select interval '0.1 weeks 9223372036854775807 microseconds'...
+                        ^
+select interval '-0.1 weeks -9223372036854775808 microseconds';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-0.1 weeks -9223372036854775808 microseconds"
+LINE 1: select interval '-0.1 weeks -9223372036854775808 microsecond...
+                        ^
+select interval '9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.1 weeks';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.1 weeks"
+LINE 1: select interval '9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.1 weeks'...
+                        ^
+select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.1 weeks';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.1 weeks"
+LINE 1: select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.1 week...
+                        ^
+select interval '0.1 days 9223372036854775807 microseconds';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "0.1 days 9223372036854775807 microseconds"
+LINE 1: select interval '0.1 days 9223372036854775807 microseconds';
+                        ^
+select interval '-0.1 days -9223372036854775808 microseconds';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-0.1 days -9223372036854775808 microseconds"
+LINE 1: select interval '-0.1 days -9223372036854775808 microseconds...
+                        ^
+select interval '9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.1 days';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.1 days"
+LINE 1: select interval '9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.1 days';
+                        ^
+select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.1 days';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.1 days"
+LINE 1: select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.1 days...
+                        ^
+-- overflowing with fractional fields - ISO8601 format
+select interval 'P0.1Y2147483647M';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P0.1Y2147483647M"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P0.1Y2147483647M';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P-0.1Y-2147483648M';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P-0.1Y-2147483648M"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P-0.1Y-2147483648M';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P2147483647M0.1Y';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P2147483647M0.1Y"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P2147483647M0.1Y';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P-2147483648M-0.1Y';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P-2147483648M-0.1Y"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P-2147483648M-0.1Y';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P0.1M2147483647D';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P0.1M2147483647D"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P0.1M2147483647D';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P-0.1M-2147483648D';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P-0.1M-2147483648D"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P-0.1M-2147483648D';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P2147483647D0.1M';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P2147483647D0.1M"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P2147483647D0.1M';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P-2147483648D-0.1M';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P-2147483648D-0.1M"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P-2147483648D-0.1M';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P0.5W2147483647D';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P0.5W2147483647D"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P0.5W2147483647D';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P-0.5W-2147483648D';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P-0.5W-2147483648D"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P-0.5W-2147483648D';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P2147483647D0.5W';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P2147483647D0.5W"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P2147483647D0.5W';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P-2147483648D-0.5W';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P-2147483648D-0.5W"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P-2147483648D-0.5W';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P0.01MT2562047788H54.775807S';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P0.01MT2562047788H54.775807S"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P0.01MT2562047788H54.775807S';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P-0.01MT-2562047788H-54.775808S';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P-0.01MT-2562047788H-54.775808S"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P-0.01MT-2562047788H-54.775808S';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P0.1DT2562047788H54.775807S';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P0.1DT2562047788H54.775807S"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P0.1DT2562047788H54.775807S';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P-0.1DT-2562047788H-54.775808S';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P-0.1DT-2562047788H-54.775808S"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P-0.1DT-2562047788H-54.775808S';
+                        ^
+select interval 'PT2562047788.1H54.775807S';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "PT2562047788.1H54.775807S"
+LINE 1: select interval 'PT2562047788.1H54.775807S';
+                        ^
+select interval 'PT-2562047788.1H-54.775808S';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "PT-2562047788.1H-54.775808S"
+LINE 1: select interval 'PT-2562047788.1H-54.775808S';
+                        ^
+select interval 'PT2562047788H0.1M54.775807S';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "PT2562047788H0.1M54.775807S"
+LINE 1: select interval 'PT2562047788H0.1M54.775807S';
+                        ^
+select interval 'PT-2562047788H-0.1M-54.775808S';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "PT-2562047788H-0.1M-54.775808S"
+LINE 1: select interval 'PT-2562047788H-0.1M-54.775808S';
+                        ^
+-- overflowing with fractional fields - ISO8601 alternative format
+select interval 'P0.1-2147483647-00';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P0.1-2147483647-00"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P0.1-2147483647-00';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P00-0.1-2147483647';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P00-0.1-2147483647"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P00-0.1-2147483647';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P00-0.01-00T2562047788:00:54.775807';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P00-0.01-00T2562047788:00:54.775807"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P00-0.01-00T2562047788:00:54.775807';
+                        ^
+select interval 'P00-00-0.1T2562047788:00:54.775807';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "P00-00-0.1T2562047788:00:54.775807"
+LINE 1: select interval 'P00-00-0.1T2562047788:00:54.775807';
+                        ^
+select interval 'PT2562047788.1:00:54.775807';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "PT2562047788.1:00:54.775807"
+LINE 1: select interval 'PT2562047788.1:00:54.775807';
+                        ^
+select interval 'PT2562047788:01.:54.775807';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "PT2562047788:01.:54.775807"
+LINE 1: select interval 'PT2562047788:01.:54.775807';
+                        ^
+-- overflowing with fractional fields - SQL standard format
+select interval '0.1 2562047788:0:54.775807';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "0.1 2562047788:0:54.775807"
+LINE 1: select interval '0.1 2562047788:0:54.775807';
+                        ^
+select interval '0.1 2562047788:0:54.775808 ago';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "0.1 2562047788:0:54.775808 ago"
+LINE 1: select interval '0.1 2562047788:0:54.775808 ago';
+                        ^
+select interval '2562047788.1:0:54.775807';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2562047788.1:0:54.775807"
+LINE 1: select interval '2562047788.1:0:54.775807';
+                        ^
+select interval '2562047788.1:0:54.775808 ago';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "2562047788.1:0:54.775808 ago"
+LINE 1: select interval '2562047788.1:0:54.775808 ago';
+                        ^
+select interval '2562047788:0.1:54.775807';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "2562047788:0.1:54.775807"
+LINE 1: select interval '2562047788:0.1:54.775807';
+                        ^
+select interval '2562047788:0.1:54.775808 ago';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type interval: "2562047788:0.1:54.775808 ago"
+LINE 1: select interval '2562047788:0.1:54.775808 ago';
+                        ^
+-- overflowing using AGO with INT_MIN
+select interval '-2147483648 months ago';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 months ago"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 months ago';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 days ago';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 days ago"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 days ago';
+                        ^
+select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds ago';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-9223372036854775808 microseconds ago"
+LINE 1: select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds ago';
+                        ^
+select interval '-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -9223372036854775808 microseconds ago';
+ERROR:  interval field value out of range: "-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -9223372036854775808 microseconds ago"
+LINE 1: select interval '-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -922337...
+                        ^
+-- test that INT_MIN number is formatted properly
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres;
+select interval '-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -9223372036854775808 us';
+                              interval                              
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ -178956970 years -8 mons -2147483648 days -2562047788:00:54.775808
+(1 row)
+
+SET IntervalStyle to sql_standard;
+select interval '-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -9223372036854775808 us';
+                     interval                      
+---------------------------------------------------
+ -178956970-8 -2147483648 -2562047788:00:54.775808
+(1 row)
+
+SET IntervalStyle to iso_8601;
+select interval '-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -9223372036854775808 us';
+                      interval                       
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ P-178956970Y-8M-2147483648DT-2562047788H-54.775808S
+(1 row)
+
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres_verbose;
+select interval '-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -9223372036854775808 us';
+                                   interval                                   
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ @ 178956970 years 8 mons 2147483648 days 2562047788 hours 54.775808 secs ago
+(1 row)
+
+-- check that '30 days' equals '1 month' according to the hash function
+select '30 days'::interval = '1 month'::interval as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select interval_hash('30 days'::interval) = interval_hash('1 month'::interval) as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- numeric constructor
+select make_interval(years := 2);
+ make_interval 
+---------------
+ @ 2 years
+(1 row)
+
+select make_interval(years := 1, months := 6);
+  make_interval  
+-----------------
+ @ 1 year 6 mons
+(1 row)
+
+select make_interval(years := 1, months := -1, weeks := 5, days := -7, hours := 25, mins := -180);
+       make_interval        
+----------------------------
+ @ 11 mons 28 days 22 hours
+(1 row)
+
+select make_interval() = make_interval(years := 0, months := 0, weeks := 0, days := 0, mins := 0, secs := 0.0);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select make_interval(hours := -2, mins := -10, secs := -25.3);
+          make_interval          
+---------------------------------
+ @ 2 hours 10 mins 25.3 secs ago
+(1 row)
+
+select make_interval(years := 'inf'::float::int);
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+select make_interval(months := 'NaN'::float::int);
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+select make_interval(secs := 'inf');
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+select make_interval(secs := 'NaN');
+ERROR:  interval out of range
+select make_interval(secs := 7e12);
+           make_interval            
+------------------------------------
+ @ 1944444444 hours 26 mins 40 secs
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test EXTRACT
+--
+SELECT f1,
+    EXTRACT(MICROSECOND FROM f1) AS MICROSECOND,
+    EXTRACT(MILLISECOND FROM f1) AS MILLISECOND,
+    EXTRACT(SECOND FROM f1) AS SECOND,
+    EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM f1) AS MINUTE,
+    EXTRACT(HOUR FROM f1) AS HOUR,
+    EXTRACT(DAY FROM f1) AS DAY,
+    EXTRACT(MONTH FROM f1) AS MONTH,
+    EXTRACT(QUARTER FROM f1) AS QUARTER,
+    EXTRACT(YEAR FROM f1) AS YEAR,
+    EXTRACT(DECADE FROM f1) AS DECADE,
+    EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM f1) AS CENTURY,
+    EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM f1) AS MILLENNIUM,
+    EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM f1) AS EPOCH
+    FROM INTERVAL_TBL;
+              f1               | microsecond | millisecond |   second   | minute | hour | day | month | quarter | year | decade | century | millennium |       epoch       
+-------------------------------+-------------+-------------+------------+--------+------+-----+-------+---------+------+--------+---------+------------+-------------------
+ @ 1 min                       |           0 |       0.000 |   0.000000 |      1 |    0 |   0 |     0 |       1 |    0 |      0 |       0 |          0 |         60.000000
+ @ 5 hours                     |           0 |       0.000 |   0.000000 |      0 |    5 |   0 |     0 |       1 |    0 |      0 |       0 |          0 |      18000.000000
+ @ 10 days                     |           0 |       0.000 |   0.000000 |      0 |    0 |  10 |     0 |       1 |    0 |      0 |       0 |          0 |     864000.000000
+ @ 34 years                    |           0 |       0.000 |   0.000000 |      0 |    0 |   0 |     0 |       1 |   34 |      3 |       0 |          0 | 1072958400.000000
+ @ 3 mons                      |           0 |       0.000 |   0.000000 |      0 |    0 |   0 |     3 |       2 |    0 |      0 |       0 |          0 |    7776000.000000
+ @ 14 secs ago                 |   -14000000 |  -14000.000 | -14.000000 |      0 |    0 |   0 |     0 |       1 |    0 |      0 |       0 |          0 |        -14.000000
+ @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs |     4000000 |    4000.000 |   4.000000 |      3 |    2 |   1 |     0 |       1 |    0 |      0 |       0 |          0 |      93784.000000
+ @ 6 years                     |           0 |       0.000 |   0.000000 |      0 |    0 |   0 |     0 |       1 |    6 |      0 |       0 |          0 |  189345600.000000
+ @ 5 mons                      |           0 |       0.000 |   0.000000 |      0 |    0 |   0 |     5 |       2 |    0 |      0 |       0 |          0 |   12960000.000000
+ @ 5 mons 12 hours             |           0 |       0.000 |   0.000000 |      0 |   12 |   0 |     5 |       2 |    0 |      0 |       0 |          0 |   13003200.000000
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(FORTNIGHT FROM INTERVAL '2 days');  -- error
+ERROR:  unit "fortnight" not recognized for type interval
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE FROM INTERVAL '2 days');  -- error
+ERROR:  unit "timezone" not supported for type interval
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '100 y');
+ extract 
+---------
+      10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '99 y');
+ extract 
+---------
+       9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '-99 y');
+ extract 
+---------
+      -9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '-100 y');
+ extract 
+---------
+     -10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM INTERVAL '100 y');
+ extract 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM INTERVAL '99 y');
+ extract 
+---------
+       0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM INTERVAL '-99 y');
+ extract 
+---------
+       0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM INTERVAL '-100 y');
+ extract 
+---------
+      -1
+(1 row)
+
+-- date_part implementation is mostly the same as extract, so only
+-- test a few cases for additional coverage.
+SELECT f1,
+    date_part('microsecond', f1) AS microsecond,
+    date_part('millisecond', f1) AS millisecond,
+    date_part('second', f1) AS second,
+    date_part('epoch', f1) AS epoch
+    FROM INTERVAL_TBL;
+              f1               | microsecond | millisecond | second |   epoch    
+-------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------+------------
+ @ 1 min                       |           0 |           0 |      0 |         60
+ @ 5 hours                     |           0 |           0 |      0 |      18000
+ @ 10 days                     |           0 |           0 |      0 |     864000
+ @ 34 years                    |           0 |           0 |      0 | 1072958400
+ @ 3 mons                      |           0 |           0 |      0 |    7776000
+ @ 14 secs ago                 |   -14000000 |      -14000 |    -14 |        -14
+ @ 1 day 2 hours 3 mins 4 secs |     4000000 |        4000 |      4 |      93784
+ @ 6 years                     |           0 |           0 |      0 |  189345600
+ @ 5 mons                      |           0 |           0 |      0 |   12960000
+ @ 5 mons 12 hours             |           0 |           0 |      0 |   13003200
+(10 rows)
+
+-- internal overflow test case
+SELECT extract(epoch from interval '1000000000 days');
+        extract        
+-----------------------
+ 86400000000000.000000
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/join.out b/src/test/regress/expected/join.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0eb6339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/join.out
@@ -0,0 +1,6665 @@
+--
+-- JOIN
+-- Test JOIN clauses
+--
+CREATE TABLE J1_TBL (
+  i integer,
+  j integer,
+  t text
+);
+CREATE TABLE J2_TBL (
+  i integer,
+  k integer
+);
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (1, 4, 'one');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (2, 3, 'two');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (3, 2, 'three');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (4, 1, 'four');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (5, 0, 'five');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (6, 6, 'six');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (7, 7, 'seven');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (8, 8, 'eight');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (0, NULL, 'zero');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (NULL, NULL, 'null');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (NULL, 0, 'zero');
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (1, -1);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (2, 2);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (3, -3);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (2, 4);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (5, -5);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (5, -5);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (0, NULL);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (NULL, NULL);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (NULL, 0);
+-- useful in some tests below
+create temp table onerow();
+insert into onerow default values;
+analyze onerow;
+--
+-- CORRELATION NAMES
+-- Make sure that table/column aliases are supported
+-- before diving into more complex join syntax.
+--
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL AS tx;
+ i | j |   t   
+---+---+-------
+ 1 | 4 | one
+ 2 | 3 | two
+ 3 | 2 | three
+ 4 | 1 | four
+ 5 | 0 | five
+ 6 | 6 | six
+ 7 | 7 | seven
+ 8 | 8 | eight
+ 0 |   | zero
+   |   | null
+   | 0 | zero
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL tx;
+ i | j |   t   
+---+---+-------
+ 1 | 4 | one
+ 2 | 3 | two
+ 3 | 2 | three
+ 4 | 1 | four
+ 5 | 0 | five
+ 6 | 6 | six
+ 7 | 7 | seven
+ 8 | 8 | eight
+ 0 |   | zero
+   |   | null
+   | 0 | zero
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL AS t1 (a, b, c);
+ a | b |   c   
+---+---+-------
+ 1 | 4 | one
+ 2 | 3 | two
+ 3 | 2 | three
+ 4 | 1 | four
+ 5 | 0 | five
+ 6 | 6 | six
+ 7 | 7 | seven
+ 8 | 8 | eight
+ 0 |   | zero
+   |   | null
+   | 0 | zero
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c);
+ a | b |   c   
+---+---+-------
+ 1 | 4 | one
+ 2 | 3 | two
+ 3 | 2 | three
+ 4 | 1 | four
+ 5 | 0 | five
+ 6 | 6 | six
+ 7 | 7 | seven
+ 8 | 8 | eight
+ 0 |   | zero
+   |   | null
+   | 0 | zero
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c), J2_TBL t2 (d, e);
+ a | b |   c   | d | e  
+---+---+-------+---+----
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 1 | -1
+ 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 1 | -1
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 1 | -1
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 1 | -1
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1
+ 0 |   | zero  | 1 | -1
+   |   | null  | 1 | -1
+   | 0 | zero  | 1 | -1
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 2 |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 2 |  2
+ 3 | 2 | three | 2 |  2
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 2 |  2
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 2 |  2
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 2 |  2
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 2 |  2
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 2 |  2
+ 0 |   | zero  | 2 |  2
+   |   | null  | 2 |  2
+   | 0 | zero  | 2 |  2
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 3 | -3
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 3 | -3
+ 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 3 | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 3 | -3
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 3 | -3
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3
+ 0 |   | zero  | 3 | -3
+   |   | null  | 3 | -3
+   | 0 | zero  | 3 | -3
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 2 |  4
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 2 |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | 2 |  4
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 2 |  4
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 2 |  4
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 2 |  4
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 2 |  4
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 2 |  4
+ 0 |   | zero  | 2 |  4
+   |   | null  | 2 |  4
+   | 0 | zero  | 2 |  4
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 0 |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 0 |   
+ 3 | 2 | three | 0 |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 0 |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 0 |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 0 |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |   
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |   
+   |   | null  | 0 |   
+   | 0 | zero  | 0 |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |   
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |   
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |   
+   |   | null  |   |   
+   | 0 | zero  |   |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |  0
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |  0
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |  0
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |  0
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |  0
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |  0
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |  0
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |  0
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |  0
+   |   | null  |   |  0
+   | 0 | zero  |   |  0
+(99 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t2.e
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c), J2_TBL t2 (d, e)
+  WHERE t1.a = t2.d;
+ a | e  
+---+----
+ 0 |   
+ 1 | -1
+ 2 |  2
+ 2 |  4
+ 3 | -3
+ 5 | -5
+ 5 | -5
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- CROSS JOIN
+-- Qualifications are not allowed on cross joins,
+-- which degenerate into a standard unqualified inner join.
+--
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL;
+ i | j |   t   | i | k  
+---+---+-------+---+----
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 1 | -1
+ 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 1 | -1
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 1 | -1
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 1 | -1
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1
+ 0 |   | zero  | 1 | -1
+   |   | null  | 1 | -1
+   | 0 | zero  | 1 | -1
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 2 |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 2 |  2
+ 3 | 2 | three | 2 |  2
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 2 |  2
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 2 |  2
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 2 |  2
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 2 |  2
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 2 |  2
+ 0 |   | zero  | 2 |  2
+   |   | null  | 2 |  2
+   | 0 | zero  | 2 |  2
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 3 | -3
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 3 | -3
+ 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 3 | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 3 | -3
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 3 | -3
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3
+ 0 |   | zero  | 3 | -3
+   |   | null  | 3 | -3
+   | 0 | zero  | 3 | -3
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 2 |  4
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 2 |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | 2 |  4
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 2 |  4
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 2 |  4
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 2 |  4
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 2 |  4
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 2 |  4
+ 0 |   | zero  | 2 |  4
+   |   | null  | 2 |  4
+   | 0 | zero  | 2 |  4
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 0 |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 0 |   
+ 3 | 2 | three | 0 |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 0 |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 0 |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 0 |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |   
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |   
+   |   | null  | 0 |   
+   | 0 | zero  | 0 |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |   
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |   
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |   
+   |   | null  |   |   
+   | 0 | zero  |   |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |  0
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |  0
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |  0
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |  0
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |  0
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |  0
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |  0
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |  0
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |  0
+   |   | null  |   |  0
+   | 0 | zero  |   |  0
+(99 rows)
+
+-- ambiguous column
+SELECT i, k, t
+  FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL;
+ERROR:  column reference "i" is ambiguous
+LINE 1: SELECT i, k, t
+               ^
+-- resolve previous ambiguity by specifying the table name
+SELECT t1.i, k, t
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 CROSS JOIN J2_TBL t2;
+ i | k  |   t   
+---+----+-------
+ 1 | -1 | one
+ 2 | -1 | two
+ 3 | -1 | three
+ 4 | -1 | four
+ 5 | -1 | five
+ 6 | -1 | six
+ 7 | -1 | seven
+ 8 | -1 | eight
+ 0 | -1 | zero
+   | -1 | null
+   | -1 | zero
+ 1 |  2 | one
+ 2 |  2 | two
+ 3 |  2 | three
+ 4 |  2 | four
+ 5 |  2 | five
+ 6 |  2 | six
+ 7 |  2 | seven
+ 8 |  2 | eight
+ 0 |  2 | zero
+   |  2 | null
+   |  2 | zero
+ 1 | -3 | one
+ 2 | -3 | two
+ 3 | -3 | three
+ 4 | -3 | four
+ 5 | -3 | five
+ 6 | -3 | six
+ 7 | -3 | seven
+ 8 | -3 | eight
+ 0 | -3 | zero
+   | -3 | null
+   | -3 | zero
+ 1 |  4 | one
+ 2 |  4 | two
+ 3 |  4 | three
+ 4 |  4 | four
+ 5 |  4 | five
+ 6 |  4 | six
+ 7 |  4 | seven
+ 8 |  4 | eight
+ 0 |  4 | zero
+   |  4 | null
+   |  4 | zero
+ 1 | -5 | one
+ 2 | -5 | two
+ 3 | -5 | three
+ 4 | -5 | four
+ 5 | -5 | five
+ 6 | -5 | six
+ 7 | -5 | seven
+ 8 | -5 | eight
+ 0 | -5 | zero
+   | -5 | null
+   | -5 | zero
+ 1 | -5 | one
+ 2 | -5 | two
+ 3 | -5 | three
+ 4 | -5 | four
+ 5 | -5 | five
+ 6 | -5 | six
+ 7 | -5 | seven
+ 8 | -5 | eight
+ 0 | -5 | zero
+   | -5 | null
+   | -5 | zero
+ 1 |    | one
+ 2 |    | two
+ 3 |    | three
+ 4 |    | four
+ 5 |    | five
+ 6 |    | six
+ 7 |    | seven
+ 8 |    | eight
+ 0 |    | zero
+   |    | null
+   |    | zero
+ 1 |    | one
+ 2 |    | two
+ 3 |    | three
+ 4 |    | four
+ 5 |    | five
+ 6 |    | six
+ 7 |    | seven
+ 8 |    | eight
+ 0 |    | zero
+   |    | null
+   |    | zero
+ 1 |  0 | one
+ 2 |  0 | two
+ 3 |  0 | three
+ 4 |  0 | four
+ 5 |  0 | five
+ 6 |  0 | six
+ 7 |  0 | seven
+ 8 |  0 | eight
+ 0 |  0 | zero
+   |  0 | null
+   |  0 | zero
+(99 rows)
+
+SELECT ii, tt, kk
+  FROM (J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL)
+    AS tx (ii, jj, tt, ii2, kk);
+ ii |  tt   | kk 
+----+-------+----
+  1 | one   | -1
+  2 | two   | -1
+  3 | three | -1
+  4 | four  | -1
+  5 | five  | -1
+  6 | six   | -1
+  7 | seven | -1
+  8 | eight | -1
+  0 | zero  | -1
+    | null  | -1
+    | zero  | -1
+  1 | one   |  2
+  2 | two   |  2
+  3 | three |  2
+  4 | four  |  2
+  5 | five  |  2
+  6 | six   |  2
+  7 | seven |  2
+  8 | eight |  2
+  0 | zero  |  2
+    | null  |  2
+    | zero  |  2
+  1 | one   | -3
+  2 | two   | -3
+  3 | three | -3
+  4 | four  | -3
+  5 | five  | -3
+  6 | six   | -3
+  7 | seven | -3
+  8 | eight | -3
+  0 | zero  | -3
+    | null  | -3
+    | zero  | -3
+  1 | one   |  4
+  2 | two   |  4
+  3 | three |  4
+  4 | four  |  4
+  5 | five  |  4
+  6 | six   |  4
+  7 | seven |  4
+  8 | eight |  4
+  0 | zero  |  4
+    | null  |  4
+    | zero  |  4
+  1 | one   | -5
+  2 | two   | -5
+  3 | three | -5
+  4 | four  | -5
+  5 | five  | -5
+  6 | six   | -5
+  7 | seven | -5
+  8 | eight | -5
+  0 | zero  | -5
+    | null  | -5
+    | zero  | -5
+  1 | one   | -5
+  2 | two   | -5
+  3 | three | -5
+  4 | four  | -5
+  5 | five  | -5
+  6 | six   | -5
+  7 | seven | -5
+  8 | eight | -5
+  0 | zero  | -5
+    | null  | -5
+    | zero  | -5
+  1 | one   |   
+  2 | two   |   
+  3 | three |   
+  4 | four  |   
+  5 | five  |   
+  6 | six   |   
+  7 | seven |   
+  8 | eight |   
+  0 | zero  |   
+    | null  |   
+    | zero  |   
+  1 | one   |   
+  2 | two   |   
+  3 | three |   
+  4 | four  |   
+  5 | five  |   
+  6 | six   |   
+  7 | seven |   
+  8 | eight |   
+  0 | zero  |   
+    | null  |   
+    | zero  |   
+  1 | one   |  0
+  2 | two   |  0
+  3 | three |  0
+  4 | four  |  0
+  5 | five  |  0
+  6 | six   |  0
+  7 | seven |  0
+  8 | eight |  0
+  0 | zero  |  0
+    | null  |  0
+    | zero  |  0
+(99 rows)
+
+SELECT tx.ii, tx.jj, tx.kk
+  FROM (J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) CROSS JOIN J2_TBL t2 (d, e))
+    AS tx (ii, jj, tt, ii2, kk);
+ ii | jj | kk 
+----+----+----
+  1 |  4 | -1
+  2 |  3 | -1
+  3 |  2 | -1
+  4 |  1 | -1
+  5 |  0 | -1
+  6 |  6 | -1
+  7 |  7 | -1
+  8 |  8 | -1
+  0 |    | -1
+    |    | -1
+    |  0 | -1
+  1 |  4 |  2
+  2 |  3 |  2
+  3 |  2 |  2
+  4 |  1 |  2
+  5 |  0 |  2
+  6 |  6 |  2
+  7 |  7 |  2
+  8 |  8 |  2
+  0 |    |  2
+    |    |  2
+    |  0 |  2
+  1 |  4 | -3
+  2 |  3 | -3
+  3 |  2 | -3
+  4 |  1 | -3
+  5 |  0 | -3
+  6 |  6 | -3
+  7 |  7 | -3
+  8 |  8 | -3
+  0 |    | -3
+    |    | -3
+    |  0 | -3
+  1 |  4 |  4
+  2 |  3 |  4
+  3 |  2 |  4
+  4 |  1 |  4
+  5 |  0 |  4
+  6 |  6 |  4
+  7 |  7 |  4
+  8 |  8 |  4
+  0 |    |  4
+    |    |  4
+    |  0 |  4
+  1 |  4 | -5
+  2 |  3 | -5
+  3 |  2 | -5
+  4 |  1 | -5
+  5 |  0 | -5
+  6 |  6 | -5
+  7 |  7 | -5
+  8 |  8 | -5
+  0 |    | -5
+    |    | -5
+    |  0 | -5
+  1 |  4 | -5
+  2 |  3 | -5
+  3 |  2 | -5
+  4 |  1 | -5
+  5 |  0 | -5
+  6 |  6 | -5
+  7 |  7 | -5
+  8 |  8 | -5
+  0 |    | -5
+    |    | -5
+    |  0 | -5
+  1 |  4 |   
+  2 |  3 |   
+  3 |  2 |   
+  4 |  1 |   
+  5 |  0 |   
+  6 |  6 |   
+  7 |  7 |   
+  8 |  8 |   
+  0 |    |   
+    |    |   
+    |  0 |   
+  1 |  4 |   
+  2 |  3 |   
+  3 |  2 |   
+  4 |  1 |   
+  5 |  0 |   
+  6 |  6 |   
+  7 |  7 |   
+  8 |  8 |   
+  0 |    |   
+    |    |   
+    |  0 |   
+  1 |  4 |  0
+  2 |  3 |  0
+  3 |  2 |  0
+  4 |  1 |  0
+  5 |  0 |  0
+  6 |  6 |  0
+  7 |  7 |  0
+  8 |  8 |  0
+  0 |    |  0
+    |    |  0
+    |  0 |  0
+(99 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL a CROSS JOIN J2_TBL b;
+ i | j |   t   | i | k  | i | k  
+---+---+-------+---+----+---+----
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1 | 2 |  2
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1 | 2 |  4
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1 | 0 |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1 |   |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1 |   |  0
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 1 | -1 | 2 |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 1 | -1 | 2 |  4
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 1 | -1 | 0 |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 1 | -1 |   |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 1 | -1 |   |  0
+ 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
+ 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 2 |  2
+ 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
+ 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 2 |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 0 |   
+ 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 |   |   
+ 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 |   |  0
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 1 | -1 | 2 |  2
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 1 | -1 | 2 |  4
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 1 | -1 | 0 |   
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+ 5 | 0 | five  | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1
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+ 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 | 0 |   
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+ 0 |   | zero  | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1
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+ 0 |   | zero  | 3 | -3 | 2 |  4
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+ 0 |   | zero  | 3 | -3 | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 3 | -3 | 0 |   
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+   |   | null  | 3 | -3 | 0 |   
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+ 1 | 4 | one   | 2 |  4 | 1 | -1
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+ 1 | 4 | one   | 2 |  4 | 0 |   
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+ 4 | 1 | four  | 2 |  4 | 0 |   
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+ 8 | 8 | eight | 2 |  4 | 0 |   
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+ 0 |   | zero  | 2 |  4 | 1 | -1
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+ 0 |   | zero  | 2 |  4 | 3 | -3
+ 0 |   | zero  | 2 |  4 | 2 |  4
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+ 0 |   | zero  | 2 |  4 | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 2 |  4 | 0 |   
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+   |   | null  | 2 |  4 | 1 | -1
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+   |   | null  | 2 |  4 | 0 |   
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+   | 0 | zero  | 2 |  4 | 1 | -1
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+   | 0 | zero  | 2 |  4 | 2 |  4
+   | 0 | zero  | 2 |  4 | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 2 |  4 | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 2 |  4 | 0 |   
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+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
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+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
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+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
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+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 |   |   
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 |   |   
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 |   |   
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 |   |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5 |   |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 |   |   
+ 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5 |   |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5 |   |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5 |   |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 |   |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 |   |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 |   |   
+ 0 |   | zero  | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 |   |   
+   |   | null  | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 1 | -1
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  2
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 3 | -3
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 2 |  4
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 | 0 |   
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 |   |   
+   | 0 | zero  | 5 | -5 |   |  0
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 0 |    | 1 | -1
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 0 |    | 2 |  2
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 0 |    | 3 | -3
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 0 |    | 2 |  4
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 0 |    | 0 |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 0 |    |   |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 0 |    |   |  0
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 0 |    | 1 | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 0 |    | 2 |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 0 |    | 3 | -3
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 0 |    | 2 |  4
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 0 |    | 0 |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 0 |    |   |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 0 |    |   |  0
+ 3 | 2 | three | 0 |    | 1 | -1
+ 3 | 2 | three | 0 |    | 2 |  2
+ 3 | 2 | three | 0 |    | 3 | -3
+ 3 | 2 | three | 0 |    | 2 |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three | 0 |    | 0 |   
+ 3 | 2 | three | 0 |    |   |   
+ 3 | 2 | three | 0 |    |   |  0
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 0 |    | 1 | -1
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 0 |    | 2 |  2
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 0 |    | 3 | -3
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 0 |    | 2 |  4
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 0 |    | 0 |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 0 |    |   |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 0 |    |   |  0
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 0 |    | 1 | -1
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 0 |    | 2 |  2
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 0 |    | 3 | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 0 |    | 2 |  4
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 0 |    | 0 |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 0 |    |   |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 0 |    |   |  0
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 0 |    | 1 | -1
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 0 |    | 2 |  2
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 0 |    | 3 | -3
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 0 |    | 2 |  4
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 0 |    | 0 |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 0 |    |   |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   | 0 |    |   |  0
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |    | 1 | -1
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |    | 2 |  2
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |    | 3 | -3
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |    | 2 |  4
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |    | 0 |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |    |   |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven | 0 |    |   |  0
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |    | 1 | -1
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |    | 2 |  2
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |    | 3 | -3
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |    | 2 |  4
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |    | 0 |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |    |   |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight | 0 |    |   |  0
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |    | 1 | -1
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |    | 2 |  2
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |    | 3 | -3
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |    | 2 |  4
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |    | 0 |   
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |    |   |   
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |    |   |  0
+   |   | null  | 0 |    | 1 | -1
+   |   | null  | 0 |    | 2 |  2
+   |   | null  | 0 |    | 3 | -3
+   |   | null  | 0 |    | 2 |  4
+   |   | null  | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  | 0 |    | 0 |   
+   |   | null  | 0 |    |   |   
+   |   | null  | 0 |    |   |  0
+   | 0 | zero  | 0 |    | 1 | -1
+   | 0 | zero  | 0 |    | 2 |  2
+   | 0 | zero  | 0 |    | 3 | -3
+   | 0 | zero  | 0 |    | 2 |  4
+   | 0 | zero  | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 0 |    | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  | 0 |    | 0 |   
+   | 0 | zero  | 0 |    |   |   
+   | 0 | zero  | 0 |    |   |  0
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |    | 1 | -1
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |    | 2 |  2
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |    | 3 | -3
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |    | 2 |  4
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |    | 0 |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |    |   |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |    |   |  0
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |    | 1 | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |    | 2 |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |    | 3 | -3
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |    | 2 |  4
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |    | 0 |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |    |   |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |    |   |  0
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |    | 1 | -1
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |    | 2 |  2
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |    | 3 | -3
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |    | 2 |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |    | 0 |   
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |    |   |   
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |    |   |  0
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |    | 1 | -1
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |    | 2 |  2
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |    | 3 | -3
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |    | 2 |  4
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |    | 0 |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |    |   |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |    |   |  0
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |    | 1 | -1
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |    | 2 |  2
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |    | 3 | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |    | 2 |  4
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |    | 0 |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |    |   |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |    |   |  0
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |    | 1 | -1
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |    | 2 |  2
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |    | 3 | -3
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |    | 2 |  4
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |    | 0 |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |    |   |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |    |   |  0
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |    | 1 | -1
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |    | 2 |  2
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |    | 3 | -3
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |    | 2 |  4
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |    | 0 |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |    |   |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |    |   |  0
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |    | 1 | -1
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |    | 2 |  2
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |    | 3 | -3
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |    | 2 |  4
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |    | 0 |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |    |   |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |    |   |  0
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |    | 1 | -1
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |    | 2 |  2
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |    | 3 | -3
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |    | 2 |  4
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |    | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |    | 0 |   
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |    |   |   
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |    |   |  0
+   |   | null  |   |    | 1 | -1
+   |   | null  |   |    | 2 |  2
+   |   | null  |   |    | 3 | -3
+   |   | null  |   |    | 2 |  4
+   |   | null  |   |    | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  |   |    | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  |   |    | 0 |   
+   |   | null  |   |    |   |   
+   |   | null  |   |    |   |  0
+   | 0 | zero  |   |    | 1 | -1
+   | 0 | zero  |   |    | 2 |  2
+   | 0 | zero  |   |    | 3 | -3
+   | 0 | zero  |   |    | 2 |  4
+   | 0 | zero  |   |    | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  |   |    | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  |   |    | 0 |   
+   | 0 | zero  |   |    |   |   
+   | 0 | zero  |   |    |   |  0
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |  0 | 1 | -1
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |  0 | 2 |  2
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |  0 | 3 | -3
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |  0 | 2 |  4
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |  0 | 0 |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |  0 |   |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |  0 |   |  0
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |  0 | 1 | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |  0 | 2 |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |  0 | 3 | -3
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |  0 | 2 |  4
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |  0 | 0 |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |  0 |   |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   |   |  0 |   |  0
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |  0 | 1 | -1
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |  0 | 2 |  2
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |  0 | 3 | -3
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |  0 | 2 |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |  0 | 0 |   
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |  0 |   |   
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |  0 |   |  0
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |  0 | 1 | -1
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |  0 | 2 |  2
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |  0 | 3 | -3
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |  0 | 2 |  4
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |  0 | 0 |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |  0 |   |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |  0 |   |  0
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |  0 | 1 | -1
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |  0 | 2 |  2
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |  0 | 3 | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |  0 | 2 |  4
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |  0 | 0 |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |  0 |   |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |  0 |   |  0
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |  0 | 1 | -1
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |  0 | 2 |  2
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |  0 | 3 | -3
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |  0 | 2 |  4
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |  0 | 0 |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |  0 |   |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |  0 |   |  0
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |  0 | 1 | -1
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |  0 | 2 |  2
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |  0 | 3 | -3
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |  0 | 2 |  4
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |  0 | 0 |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |  0 |   |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |  0 |   |  0
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |  0 | 1 | -1
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |  0 | 2 |  2
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |  0 | 3 | -3
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |  0 | 2 |  4
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |  0 | 0 |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |  0 |   |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |  0 |   |  0
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |  0 | 1 | -1
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |  0 | 2 |  2
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |  0 | 3 | -3
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |  0 | 2 |  4
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |  0 | 0 |   
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |  0 |   |   
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |  0 |   |  0
+   |   | null  |   |  0 | 1 | -1
+   |   | null  |   |  0 | 2 |  2
+   |   | null  |   |  0 | 3 | -3
+   |   | null  |   |  0 | 2 |  4
+   |   | null  |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+   |   | null  |   |  0 | 0 |   
+   |   | null  |   |  0 |   |   
+   |   | null  |   |  0 |   |  0
+   | 0 | zero  |   |  0 | 1 | -1
+   | 0 | zero  |   |  0 | 2 |  2
+   | 0 | zero  |   |  0 | 3 | -3
+   | 0 | zero  |   |  0 | 2 |  4
+   | 0 | zero  |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  |   |  0 | 5 | -5
+   | 0 | zero  |   |  0 | 0 |   
+   | 0 | zero  |   |  0 |   |   
+   | 0 | zero  |   |  0 |   |  0
+(891 rows)
+
+--
+--
+-- Inner joins (equi-joins)
+--
+--
+--
+-- Inner joins (equi-joins) with USING clause
+-- The USING syntax changes the shape of the resulting table
+-- by including a column in the USING clause only once in the result.
+--
+-- Inner equi-join on specified column
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL INNER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
+ i | j |   t   | k  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Same as above, slightly different syntax
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
+ i | j |   t   | k  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, d) USING (a)
+  ORDER BY a, d;
+ a | b |   c   | d  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, b) USING (b)
+  ORDER BY b, t1.a;
+ b | a |   c   | a 
+---+---+-------+---
+ 0 | 5 | five  |  
+ 0 |   | zero  |  
+ 2 | 3 | three | 2
+ 4 | 1 | one   | 2
+(4 rows)
+
+-- test join using aliases
+SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';  -- ok
+ i | j |  t  | k  
+---+---+-----+----
+ 1 | 4 | one | -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';  -- ok
+ i | j |  t  | k  
+---+---+-----+----
+ 1 | 4 | one | -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';  -- error
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "j1_tbl"
+LINE 1: ... * FROM (J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t =...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "j1_tbl", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE x.i = 1;  -- ok
+ i | j |  t  | k  
+---+---+-----+----
+ 1 | 4 | one | -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE x.t = 'one';  -- error
+ERROR:  column x.t does not exist
+LINE 1: ...CT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE x.t = 'one...
+                                                             ^
+SELECT * FROM (J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x) AS xx WHERE x.i = 1;  -- error (XXX could use better hint)
+ERROR:  missing FROM-clause entry for table "x"
+LINE 1: ...ROM (J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x) AS xx WHERE x.i = 1;
+                                                               ^
+SELECT * FROM J1_TBL a1 JOIN J2_TBL a2 USING (i) AS a1;  -- error
+ERROR:  table name "a1" specified more than once
+SELECT x.* FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';
+ i 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ROW(x.*) FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';
+ row 
+-----
+ (1)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT row_to_json(x.*) FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';
+ row_to_json 
+-------------
+ {"i":1}
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- NATURAL JOIN
+-- Inner equi-join on all columns with the same name
+--
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL;
+ i | j |   t   | k  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, d);
+ a | b |   c   | d  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (d, a);
+ a | b |  c   | d 
+---+---+------+---
+ 0 |   | zero |  
+ 2 | 3 | two  | 2
+ 4 | 1 | four | 2
+(3 rows)
+
+-- mismatch number of columns
+-- currently, Postgres will fill in with underlying names
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a);
+ a | b |   t   | k  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- Inner joins (equi-joins)
+--
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i = J2_TBL.i);
+ i | j |   t   | i | k  
+---+---+-------+---+----
+ 0 |   | zero  | 0 |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 1 | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 2 |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 2 |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | 5 | -5
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i = J2_TBL.k);
+ i | j |  t   | i | k 
+---+---+------+---+---
+ 0 |   | zero |   | 0
+ 2 | 3 | two  | 2 | 2
+ 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- Non-equi-joins
+--
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i <= J2_TBL.k);
+ i | j |   t   | i | k 
+---+---+-------+---+---
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 2 | 2
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 2 | 2
+ 0 |   | zero  | 2 | 2
+ 1 | 4 | one   | 2 | 4
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 2 | 4
+ 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4
+ 4 | 1 | four  | 2 | 4
+ 0 |   | zero  | 2 | 4
+ 0 |   | zero  |   | 0
+(9 rows)
+
+--
+-- Outer joins
+-- Note that OUTER is a noise word
+--
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL LEFT OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
+  ORDER BY i, k, t;
+ i | j |   t   | k  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   
+   |   | null  |   
+   | 0 | zero  |   
+(13 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
+  ORDER BY i, k, t;
+ i | j |   t   | k  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   
+   |   | null  |   
+   | 0 | zero  |   
+(13 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL RIGHT OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
+ i | j |   t   | k  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+   |   |       |   
+   |   |       |  0
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL RIGHT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
+ i | j |   t   | k  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+   |   |       |   
+   |   |       |  0
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL FULL OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
+  ORDER BY i, k, t;
+ i | j |   t   | k  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   
+   |   |       |  0
+   |   | null  |   
+   | 0 | zero  |   
+   |   |       |   
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL FULL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
+  ORDER BY i, k, t;
+ i | j |   t   | k  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 0 |   | zero  |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   | -1
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  2
+ 2 | 3 | two   |  4
+ 3 | 2 | three | -3
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  | -5
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   
+   |   |       |  0
+   |   | null  |   
+   | 0 | zero  |   
+   |   |       |   
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE (k = 1);
+ i | j | t | k 
+---+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE (i = 1);
+ i | j |  t  | k  
+---+---+-----+----
+ 1 | 4 | one | -1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- semijoin selectivity for <>
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl i4, tenk1 a
+where exists(select * from tenk1 b
+             where a.twothousand = b.twothousand and a.fivethous <> b.fivethous)
+      and i4.f1 = a.tenthous;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Hash Semi Join
+   Hash Cond: (a.twothousand = b.twothousand)
+   Join Filter: (a.fivethous <> b.fivethous)
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (a.tenthous = i4.f1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 a
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i4
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 b
+(10 rows)
+
+--
+-- More complicated constructs
+--
+--
+-- Multiway full join
+--
+CREATE TABLE t1 (name TEXT, n INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE t2 (name TEXT, n INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE t3 (name TEXT, n INTEGER);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ( 'bb', 11 );
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'bb', 12 );
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'cc', 22 );
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'ee', 42 );
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'bb', 13 );
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'cc', 23 );
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'dd', 33 );
+SELECT * FROM t1 FULL JOIN t2 USING (name) FULL JOIN t3 USING (name);
+ name | n  | n  | n  
+------+----+----+----
+ bb   | 11 | 12 | 13
+ cc   |    | 22 | 23
+ dd   |    |    | 33
+ ee   |    | 42 |   
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test interactions of join syntax and subqueries
+--
+-- Basic cases (we expect planner to pull up the subquery here)
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2
+INNER JOIN
+(SELECT * FROM t3) s3
+USING (name);
+ name | n  | n  
+------+----+----
+ bb   | 12 | 13
+ cc   | 22 | 23
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2
+LEFT JOIN
+(SELECT * FROM t3) s3
+USING (name);
+ name | n  | n  
+------+----+----
+ bb   | 12 | 13
+ cc   | 22 | 23
+ ee   | 42 |   
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2
+FULL JOIN
+(SELECT * FROM t3) s3
+USING (name);
+ name | n  | n  
+------+----+----
+ bb   | 12 | 13
+ cc   | 22 | 23
+ dd   |    | 33
+ ee   | 42 |   
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cases with non-nullable expressions in subquery results;
+-- make sure these go to null as expected
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+NATURAL INNER JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
+ name | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2 
+------+------+------+------+------
+ bb   |   12 |    2 |   13 |    3
+ cc   |   22 |    2 |   23 |    3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+NATURAL LEFT JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
+ name | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2 
+------+------+------+------+------
+ bb   |   12 |    2 |   13 |    3
+ cc   |   22 |    2 |   23 |    3
+ ee   |   42 |    2 |      |     
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+NATURAL FULL JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
+ name | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2 
+------+------+------+------+------
+ bb   |   12 |    2 |   13 |    3
+ cc   |   22 |    2 |   23 |    3
+ dd   |      |      |   33 |    3
+ ee   |   42 |    2 |      |     
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s1_n, 1 as s1_1 FROM t1) as s1
+NATURAL INNER JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+NATURAL INNER JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
+ name | s1_n | s1_1 | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2 
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------
+ bb   |   11 |    1 |   12 |    2 |   13 |    3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s1_n, 1 as s1_1 FROM t1) as s1
+NATURAL FULL JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+NATURAL FULL JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
+ name | s1_n | s1_1 | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2 
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------
+ bb   |   11 |    1 |   12 |    2 |   13 |    3
+ cc   |      |      |   22 |    2 |   23 |    3
+ dd   |      |      |      |      |   33 |    3
+ ee   |      |      |   42 |    2 |      |     
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1
+NATURAL FULL JOIN
+  (SELECT * FROM
+    (SELECT name, n as s2_n FROM t2) as s2
+    NATURAL FULL JOIN
+    (SELECT name, n as s3_n FROM t3) as s3
+  ) ss2;
+ name | s1_n | s2_n | s3_n 
+------+------+------+------
+ bb   |   11 |   12 |   13
+ cc   |      |   22 |   23
+ dd   |      |      |   33
+ ee   |      |   42 |     
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1
+NATURAL FULL JOIN
+  (SELECT * FROM
+    (SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+    NATURAL FULL JOIN
+    (SELECT name, n as s3_n FROM t3) as s3
+  ) ss2;
+ name | s1_n | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n 
+------+------+------+------+------
+ bb   |   11 |   12 |    2 |   13
+ cc   |      |   22 |    2 |   23
+ dd   |      |      |      |   33
+ ee   |      |   42 |    2 |     
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Constants as join keys can also be problematic
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1
+FULL JOIN
+  (SELECT name, 2 as s2_n FROM t2) as s2
+ON (s1_n = s2_n);
+ name | s1_n | name | s2_n 
+------+------+------+------
+      |      | bb   |    2
+      |      | cc   |    2
+      |      | ee   |    2
+ bb   |   11 |      |     
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Test for propagation of nullability constraints into sub-joins
+create temp table x (x1 int, x2 int);
+insert into x values (1,11);
+insert into x values (2,22);
+insert into x values (3,null);
+insert into x values (4,44);
+insert into x values (5,null);
+create temp table y (y1 int, y2 int);
+insert into y values (1,111);
+insert into y values (2,222);
+insert into y values (3,333);
+insert into y values (4,null);
+select * from x;
+ x1 | x2 
+----+----
+  1 | 11
+  2 | 22
+  3 |   
+  4 | 44
+  5 |   
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from y;
+ y1 | y2  
+----+-----
+  1 | 111
+  2 | 222
+  3 | 333
+  4 |    
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from x left join y on (x1 = y1 and x2 is not null);
+ x1 | x2 | y1 | y2  
+----+----+----+-----
+  1 | 11 |  1 | 111
+  2 | 22 |  2 | 222
+  3 |    |    |    
+  4 | 44 |  4 |    
+  5 |    |    |    
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from x left join y on (x1 = y1 and y2 is not null);
+ x1 | x2 | y1 | y2  
+----+----+----+-----
+  1 | 11 |  1 | 111
+  2 | 22 |  2 | 222
+  3 |    |  3 | 333
+  4 | 44 |    |    
+  5 |    |    |    
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1);
+ x1 | x2 | y1 | y2  | xx1 | xx2 
+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
+  1 | 11 |  1 | 111 |   1 |  11
+  2 | 22 |  2 | 222 |   2 |  22
+  3 |    |  3 | 333 |   3 |    
+  4 | 44 |  4 |     |   4 |  44
+  5 |    |    |     |   5 |    
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1 and x2 is not null);
+ x1 | x2 | y1 | y2  | xx1 | xx2 
+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
+  1 | 11 |  1 | 111 |   1 |  11
+  2 | 22 |  2 | 222 |   2 |  22
+  3 |    |  3 | 333 |     |    
+  4 | 44 |  4 |     |   4 |  44
+  5 |    |    |     |     |    
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1 and y2 is not null);
+ x1 | x2 | y1 | y2  | xx1 | xx2 
+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
+  1 | 11 |  1 | 111 |   1 |  11
+  2 | 22 |  2 | 222 |   2 |  22
+  3 |    |  3 | 333 |   3 |    
+  4 | 44 |  4 |     |     |    
+  5 |    |    |     |     |    
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1 and xx2 is not null);
+ x1 | x2 | y1 | y2  | xx1 | xx2 
+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
+  1 | 11 |  1 | 111 |   1 |  11
+  2 | 22 |  2 | 222 |   2 |  22
+  3 |    |  3 | 333 |     |    
+  4 | 44 |  4 |     |   4 |  44
+  5 |    |    |     |     |    
+(5 rows)
+
+-- these should NOT give the same answers as above
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1) where (x2 is not null);
+ x1 | x2 | y1 | y2  | xx1 | xx2 
+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
+  1 | 11 |  1 | 111 |   1 |  11
+  2 | 22 |  2 | 222 |   2 |  22
+  4 | 44 |  4 |     |   4 |  44
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1) where (y2 is not null);
+ x1 | x2 | y1 | y2  | xx1 | xx2 
+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
+  1 | 11 |  1 | 111 |   1 |  11
+  2 | 22 |  2 | 222 |   2 |  22
+  3 |    |  3 | 333 |   3 |    
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1) where (xx2 is not null);
+ x1 | x2 | y1 | y2  | xx1 | xx2 
+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----
+  1 | 11 |  1 | 111 |   1 |  11
+  2 | 22 |  2 | 222 |   2 |  22
+  4 | 44 |  4 |     |   4 |  44
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- regression test: check for bug with propagation of implied equality
+-- to outside an IN
+--
+select count(*) from tenk1 a where unique1 in
+  (select unique1 from tenk1 b join tenk1 c using (unique1)
+   where b.unique2 = 42);
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- regression test: check for failure to generate a plan with multiple
+-- degenerate IN clauses
+--
+select count(*) from tenk1 x where
+  x.unique1 in (select a.f1 from int4_tbl a,float8_tbl b where a.f1=b.f1) and
+  x.unique1 = 0 and
+  x.unique1 in (select aa.f1 from int4_tbl aa,float8_tbl bb where aa.f1=bb.f1);
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- try that with GEQO too
+begin;
+set geqo = on;
+set geqo_threshold = 2;
+select count(*) from tenk1 x where
+  x.unique1 in (select a.f1 from int4_tbl a,float8_tbl b where a.f1=b.f1) and
+  x.unique1 = 0 and
+  x.unique1 in (select aa.f1 from int4_tbl aa,float8_tbl bb where aa.f1=bb.f1);
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+--
+-- regression test: be sure we cope with proven-dummy append rels
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select aa, bb, unique1, unique1
+  from tenk1 right join b_star on aa = unique1
+  where bb < bb and bb is null;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+select aa, bb, unique1, unique1
+  from tenk1 right join b_star on aa = unique1
+  where bb < bb and bb is null;
+ aa | bb | unique1 | unique1 
+----+----+---------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- regression test: check handling of empty-FROM subquery underneath outer join
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl i1 left join (int8_tbl i2 join
+  (select 123 as x) ss on i2.q1 = x) on i1.q2 = i2.q2
+order by 1, 2;
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: i1.q1, i1.q2
+   ->  Hash Left Join
+         Hash Cond: (i1.q2 = i2.q2)
+         ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl i1
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl i2
+                     Filter: (q1 = 123)
+(8 rows)
+
+select * from int8_tbl i1 left join (int8_tbl i2 join
+  (select 123 as x) ss on i2.q1 = x) on i1.q2 = i2.q2
+order by 1, 2;
+        q1        |        q2         | q1  |        q2        |  x  
+------------------+-------------------+-----+------------------+-----
+              123 |               456 | 123 |              456 | 123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |     |                  |    
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |     |                  |    
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | 123
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- regression test: check a case where join_clause_is_movable_into() gives
+-- an imprecise result, causing an assertion failure
+--
+select count(*)
+from
+  (select t3.tenthous as x1, coalesce(t1.stringu1, t2.stringu1) as x2
+   from tenk1 t1
+   left join tenk1 t2 on t1.unique1 = t2.unique1
+   join tenk1 t3 on t1.unique2 = t3.unique2) ss,
+  tenk1 t4,
+  tenk1 t5
+where t4.thousand = t5.unique1 and ss.x1 = t4.tenthous and ss.x2 = t5.stringu1;
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- regression test: check a case where we formerly missed including an EC
+-- enforcement clause because it was expected to be handled at scan level
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select a.f1, b.f1, t.thousand, t.tenthous from
+  tenk1 t,
+  (select sum(f1)+1 as f1 from int4_tbl i4a) a,
+  (select sum(f1) as f1 from int4_tbl i4b) b
+where b.f1 = t.thousand and a.f1 = b.f1 and (a.f1+b.f1+999) = t.tenthous;
+                                                      QUERY PLAN                                                       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Aggregate
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i4b
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Join Filter: ((sum(i4b.f1)) = ((sum(i4a.f1) + 1)))
+         ->  Aggregate
+               ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i4a
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 t
+               Index Cond: ((thousand = (sum(i4b.f1))) AND (tenthous = ((((sum(i4a.f1) + 1)) + (sum(i4b.f1))) + 999)))
+(9 rows)
+
+select a.f1, b.f1, t.thousand, t.tenthous from
+  tenk1 t,
+  (select sum(f1)+1 as f1 from int4_tbl i4a) a,
+  (select sum(f1) as f1 from int4_tbl i4b) b
+where b.f1 = t.thousand and a.f1 = b.f1 and (a.f1+b.f1+999) = t.tenthous;
+ f1 | f1 | thousand | tenthous 
+----+----+----------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- check a case where we formerly got confused by conflicting sort orders
+-- in redundant merge join path keys
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  j1_tbl full join
+  (select * from j2_tbl order by j2_tbl.i desc, j2_tbl.k asc) j2_tbl
+  on j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.i and j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.k;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Full Join
+   Merge Cond: ((j2_tbl.i = j1_tbl.i) AND (j2_tbl.k = j1_tbl.i))
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: j2_tbl.i DESC, j2_tbl.k
+         ->  Seq Scan on j2_tbl
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: j1_tbl.i DESC
+         ->  Seq Scan on j1_tbl
+(8 rows)
+
+select * from
+  j1_tbl full join
+  (select * from j2_tbl order by j2_tbl.i desc, j2_tbl.k asc) j2_tbl
+  on j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.i and j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.k;
+ i | j |   t   | i | k  
+---+---+-------+---+----
+   |   |       |   |  0
+   |   |       |   |   
+   | 0 | zero  |   |   
+   |   | null  |   |   
+ 8 | 8 | eight |   |   
+ 7 | 7 | seven |   |   
+ 6 | 6 | six   |   |   
+   |   |       | 5 | -5
+   |   |       | 5 | -5
+ 5 | 0 | five  |   |   
+ 4 | 1 | four  |   |   
+   |   |       | 3 | -3
+ 3 | 2 | three |   |   
+ 2 | 3 | two   | 2 |  2
+   |   |       | 2 |  4
+   |   |       | 1 | -1
+   |   |       | 0 |   
+ 1 | 4 | one   |   |   
+ 0 |   | zero  |   |   
+(19 rows)
+
+--
+-- a different check for handling of redundant sort keys in merge joins
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  (select * from tenk1 x order by x.thousand, x.twothousand, x.fivethous) x
+  left join
+  (select * from tenk1 y order by y.unique2) y
+  on x.thousand = y.unique2 and x.twothousand = y.hundred and x.fivethous = y.unique2;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Merge Left Join
+         Merge Cond: (x.thousand = y.unique2)
+         Join Filter: ((x.twothousand = y.hundred) AND (x.fivethous = y.unique2))
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: x.thousand, x.twothousand, x.fivethous
+               ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 x
+         ->  Materialize
+               ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 y
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from
+  (select * from tenk1 x order by x.thousand, x.twothousand, x.fivethous) x
+  left join
+  (select * from tenk1 y order by y.unique2) y
+  on x.thousand = y.unique2 and x.twothousand = y.hundred and x.fivethous = y.unique2;
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Clean up
+--
+DROP TABLE t1;
+DROP TABLE t2;
+DROP TABLE t3;
+DROP TABLE J1_TBL;
+DROP TABLE J2_TBL;
+-- Both DELETE and UPDATE allow the specification of additional tables
+-- to "join" against to determine which rows should be modified.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t1 (a int, b int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t2 (a int, b int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t3 (x int, y int);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (5, 10);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (15, 20);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (100, 100);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (200, 1000);
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (200, 2000);
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (5, 20);
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (6, 7);
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (7, 8);
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (500, 100);
+DELETE FROM t3 USING t1 table1 WHERE t3.x = table1.a;
+SELECT * FROM t3;
+  x  |  y  
+-----+-----
+   6 |   7
+   7 |   8
+ 500 | 100
+(3 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM t3 USING t1 JOIN t2 USING (a) WHERE t3.x > t1.a;
+SELECT * FROM t3;
+ x | y 
+---+---
+ 6 | 7
+ 7 | 8
+(2 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM t3 USING t3 t3_other WHERE t3.x = t3_other.x AND t3.y = t3_other.y;
+SELECT * FROM t3;
+ x | y 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test join against inheritance tree
+create temp table t2a () inherits (t2);
+insert into t2a values (200, 2001);
+select * from t1 left join t2 on (t1.a = t2.a);
+  a  |  b   |  a  |  b   
+-----+------+-----+------
+   5 |   10 |     |     
+  15 |   20 |     |     
+ 100 |  100 |     |     
+ 200 | 1000 | 200 | 2000
+ 200 | 1000 | 200 | 2001
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Test matching of column name with wrong alias
+select t1.x from t1 join t3 on (t1.a = t3.x);
+ERROR:  column t1.x does not exist
+LINE 1: select t1.x from t1 join t3 on (t1.a = t3.x);
+               ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the column "t3.x".
+-- Test matching of locking clause with wrong alias
+select t1.*, t2.*, unnamed_join.* from
+  t1 join t2 on (t1.a = t2.a), t3 as unnamed_join
+  for update of unnamed_join;
+ a | b | a | b | x | y 
+---+---+---+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+select foo.*, unnamed_join.* from
+  t1 join t2 using (a) as foo, t3 as unnamed_join
+  for update of unnamed_join;
+ a | x | y 
+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+select foo.*, unnamed_join.* from
+  t1 join t2 using (a) as foo, t3 as unnamed_join
+  for update of foo;
+ERROR:  FOR UPDATE cannot be applied to a join
+LINE 3:   for update of foo;
+                        ^
+select bar.*, unnamed_join.* from
+  (t1 join t2 using (a) as foo) as bar, t3 as unnamed_join
+  for update of foo;
+ERROR:  relation "foo" in FOR UPDATE clause not found in FROM clause
+LINE 3:   for update of foo;
+                        ^
+select bar.*, unnamed_join.* from
+  (t1 join t2 using (a) as foo) as bar, t3 as unnamed_join
+  for update of bar;
+ERROR:  FOR UPDATE cannot be applied to a join
+LINE 3:   for update of bar;
+                        ^
+--
+-- regression test for 8.1 merge right join bug
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tt1 ( tt1_id int4, joincol int4 );
+INSERT INTO tt1 VALUES (1, 11);
+INSERT INTO tt1 VALUES (2, NULL);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tt2 ( tt2_id int4, joincol int4 );
+INSERT INTO tt2 VALUES (21, 11);
+INSERT INTO tt2 VALUES (22, 11);
+set enable_hashjoin to off;
+set enable_nestloop to off;
+-- these should give the same results
+select tt1.*, tt2.* from tt1 left join tt2 on tt1.joincol = tt2.joincol;
+ tt1_id | joincol | tt2_id | joincol 
+--------+---------+--------+---------
+      1 |      11 |     21 |      11
+      1 |      11 |     22 |      11
+      2 |         |        |        
+(3 rows)
+
+select tt1.*, tt2.* from tt2 right join tt1 on tt1.joincol = tt2.joincol;
+ tt1_id | joincol | tt2_id | joincol 
+--------+---------+--------+---------
+      1 |      11 |     21 |      11
+      1 |      11 |     22 |      11
+      2 |         |        |        
+(3 rows)
+
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_nestloop;
+--
+-- regression test for bug #13908 (hash join with skew tuples & nbatch increase)
+--
+set work_mem to '64kB';
+set enable_mergejoin to off;
+set enable_memoize to off;
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from tenk1 a, tenk1 b
+  where a.hundred = b.thousand and (b.fivethous % 10) < 10;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (a.hundred = b.thousand)
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_hundred on tenk1 a
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 b
+                     Filter: ((fivethous % 10) < 10)
+(7 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 a, tenk1 b
+  where a.hundred = b.thousand and (b.fivethous % 10) < 10;
+ count  
+--------
+ 100000
+(1 row)
+
+reset work_mem;
+reset enable_mergejoin;
+reset enable_memoize;
+--
+-- regression test for 8.2 bug with improper re-ordering of left joins
+--
+create temp table tt3(f1 int, f2 text);
+insert into tt3 select x, repeat('xyzzy', 100) from generate_series(1,10000) x;
+create index tt3i on tt3(f1);
+analyze tt3;
+create temp table tt4(f1 int);
+insert into tt4 values (0),(1),(9999);
+analyze tt4;
+SELECT a.f1
+FROM tt4 a
+LEFT JOIN (
+        SELECT b.f1
+        FROM tt3 b LEFT JOIN tt3 c ON (b.f1 = c.f1)
+        WHERE c.f1 IS NULL
+) AS d ON (a.f1 = d.f1)
+WHERE d.f1 IS NULL;
+  f1  
+------
+    0
+    1
+ 9999
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- regression test for proper handling of outer joins within antijoins
+--
+create temp table tt4x(c1 int, c2 int, c3 int);
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tt4x t1
+where not exists (
+  select 1 from tt4x t2
+    left join tt4x t3 on t2.c3 = t3.c1
+    left join ( select t5.c1 as c1
+                from tt4x t4 left join tt4x t5 on t4.c2 = t5.c1
+              ) a1 on t3.c2 = a1.c1
+  where t1.c1 = t2.c2
+);
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Anti Join
+   Hash Cond: (t1.c1 = t2.c2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on tt4x t1
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Merge Right Join
+               Merge Cond: (t5.c1 = t3.c2)
+               ->  Merge Join
+                     Merge Cond: (t4.c2 = t5.c1)
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: t4.c2
+                           ->  Seq Scan on tt4x t4
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: t5.c1
+                           ->  Seq Scan on tt4x t5
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: t3.c2
+                     ->  Merge Left Join
+                           Merge Cond: (t2.c3 = t3.c1)
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: t2.c3
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on tt4x t2
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: t3.c1
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on tt4x t3
+(24 rows)
+
+--
+-- regression test for problems of the sort depicted in bug #3494
+--
+create temp table tt5(f1 int, f2 int);
+create temp table tt6(f1 int, f2 int);
+insert into tt5 values(1, 10);
+insert into tt5 values(1, 11);
+insert into tt6 values(1, 9);
+insert into tt6 values(1, 2);
+insert into tt6 values(2, 9);
+select * from tt5,tt6 where tt5.f1 = tt6.f1 and tt5.f1 = tt5.f2 - tt6.f2;
+ f1 | f2 | f1 | f2 
+----+----+----+----
+  1 | 10 |  1 |  9
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- regression test for problems of the sort depicted in bug #3588
+--
+create temp table xx (pkxx int);
+create temp table yy (pkyy int, pkxx int);
+insert into xx values (1);
+insert into xx values (2);
+insert into xx values (3);
+insert into yy values (101, 1);
+insert into yy values (201, 2);
+insert into yy values (301, NULL);
+select yy.pkyy as yy_pkyy, yy.pkxx as yy_pkxx, yya.pkyy as yya_pkyy,
+       xxa.pkxx as xxa_pkxx, xxb.pkxx as xxb_pkxx
+from yy
+     left join (SELECT * FROM yy where pkyy = 101) as yya ON yy.pkyy = yya.pkyy
+     left join xx xxa on yya.pkxx = xxa.pkxx
+     left join xx xxb on coalesce (xxa.pkxx, 1) = xxb.pkxx;
+ yy_pkyy | yy_pkxx | yya_pkyy | xxa_pkxx | xxb_pkxx 
+---------+---------+----------+----------+----------
+     101 |       1 |      101 |        1 |        1
+     201 |       2 |          |          |        1
+     301 |         |          |          |        1
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- regression test for improper pushing of constants across outer-join clauses
+-- (as seen in early 8.2.x releases)
+--
+create temp table zt1 (f1 int primary key);
+create temp table zt2 (f2 int primary key);
+create temp table zt3 (f3 int primary key);
+insert into zt1 values(53);
+insert into zt2 values(53);
+select * from
+  zt2 left join zt3 on (f2 = f3)
+      left join zt1 on (f3 = f1)
+where f2 = 53;
+ f2 | f3 | f1 
+----+----+----
+ 53 |    |   
+(1 row)
+
+create temp view zv1 as select *,'dummy'::text AS junk from zt1;
+select * from
+  zt2 left join zt3 on (f2 = f3)
+      left join zv1 on (f3 = f1)
+where f2 = 53;
+ f2 | f3 | f1 | junk 
+----+----+----+------
+ 53 |    |    | 
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- regression test for improper extraction of OR indexqual conditions
+-- (as seen in early 8.3.x releases)
+--
+select a.unique2, a.ten, b.tenthous, b.unique2, b.hundred
+from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b on a.unique2 = b.tenthous
+where a.unique1 = 42 and
+      ((b.unique2 is null and a.ten = 2) or b.hundred = 3);
+ unique2 | ten | tenthous | unique2 | hundred 
+---------+-----+----------+---------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- test proper positioning of one-time quals in EXISTS (8.4devel bug)
+--
+prepare foo(bool) as
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b
+    on (a.unique2 = b.unique1 and exists
+        (select 1 from tenk1 c where c.thousand = b.unique2 and $1));
+execute foo(true);
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+execute foo(false);
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test for sane behavior with noncanonical merge clauses, per bug #4926
+--
+begin;
+set enable_mergejoin = 1;
+set enable_hashjoin = 0;
+set enable_nestloop = 0;
+create temp table a (i integer);
+create temp table b (x integer, y integer);
+select * from a left join b on i = x and i = y and x = i;
+ i | x | y 
+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+rollback;
+--
+-- test handling of merge clauses using record_ops
+--
+begin;
+create type mycomptype as (id int, v bigint);
+create temp table tidv (idv mycomptype);
+create index on tidv (idv);
+explain (costs off)
+select a.idv, b.idv from tidv a, tidv b where a.idv = b.idv;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Join
+   Merge Cond: (a.idv = b.idv)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tidv_idv_idx on tidv a
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tidv_idv_idx on tidv b
+(5 rows)
+
+set enable_mergejoin = 0;
+set enable_hashjoin = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+select a.idv, b.idv from tidv a, tidv b where a.idv = b.idv;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on tidv a
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tidv_idv_idx on tidv b
+         Index Cond: (idv = a.idv)
+(4 rows)
+
+rollback;
+--
+-- test NULL behavior of whole-row Vars, per bug #5025
+--
+select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
+from int8_tbl t1 left join int8_tbl t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
+group by t1.q2 order by 1;
+        q2         | count 
+-------------------+-------
+ -4567890123456789 |     0
+               123 |     2
+               456 |     0
+  4567890123456789 |     6
+(4 rows)
+
+select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
+from int8_tbl t1 left join (select * from int8_tbl) t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
+group by t1.q2 order by 1;
+        q2         | count 
+-------------------+-------
+ -4567890123456789 |     0
+               123 |     2
+               456 |     0
+  4567890123456789 |     6
+(4 rows)
+
+select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
+from int8_tbl t1 left join (select * from int8_tbl offset 0) t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
+group by t1.q2 order by 1;
+        q2         | count 
+-------------------+-------
+ -4567890123456789 |     0
+               123 |     2
+               456 |     0
+  4567890123456789 |     6
+(4 rows)
+
+select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
+from int8_tbl t1 left join
+  (select q1, case when q2=1 then 1 else q2 end as q2 from int8_tbl) t2
+  on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
+group by t1.q2 order by 1;
+        q2         | count 
+-------------------+-------
+ -4567890123456789 |     0
+               123 |     2
+               456 |     0
+  4567890123456789 |     6
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- test incorrect failure to NULL pulled-up subexpressions
+--
+begin;
+create temp table a (
+     code char not null,
+     constraint a_pk primary key (code)
+);
+create temp table b (
+     a char not null,
+     num integer not null,
+     constraint b_pk primary key (a, num)
+);
+create temp table c (
+     name char not null,
+     a char,
+     constraint c_pk primary key (name)
+);
+insert into a (code) values ('p');
+insert into a (code) values ('q');
+insert into b (a, num) values ('p', 1);
+insert into b (a, num) values ('p', 2);
+insert into c (name, a) values ('A', 'p');
+insert into c (name, a) values ('B', 'q');
+insert into c (name, a) values ('C', null);
+select c.name, ss.code, ss.b_cnt, ss.const
+from c left join
+  (select a.code, coalesce(b_grp.cnt, 0) as b_cnt, -1 as const
+   from a left join
+     (select count(1) as cnt, b.a from b group by b.a) as b_grp
+     on a.code = b_grp.a
+  ) as ss
+  on (c.a = ss.code)
+order by c.name;
+ name | code | b_cnt | const 
+------+------+-------+-------
+ A    | p    |     2 |    -1
+ B    | q    |     0 |    -1
+ C    |      |       |      
+(3 rows)
+
+rollback;
+--
+-- test incorrect handling of placeholders that only appear in targetlists,
+-- per bug #6154
+--
+SELECT * FROM
+( SELECT 1 as key1 ) sub1
+LEFT JOIN
+( SELECT sub3.key3, sub4.value2, COALESCE(sub4.value2, 66) as value3 FROM
+    ( SELECT 1 as key3 ) sub3
+    LEFT JOIN
+    ( SELECT sub5.key5, COALESCE(sub6.value1, 1) as value2 FROM
+        ( SELECT 1 as key5 ) sub5
+        LEFT JOIN
+        ( SELECT 2 as key6, 42 as value1 ) sub6
+        ON sub5.key5 = sub6.key6
+    ) sub4
+    ON sub4.key5 = sub3.key3
+) sub2
+ON sub1.key1 = sub2.key3;
+ key1 | key3 | value2 | value3 
+------+------+--------+--------
+    1 |    1 |      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+-- test the path using join aliases, too
+SELECT * FROM
+( SELECT 1 as key1 ) sub1
+LEFT JOIN
+( SELECT sub3.key3, value2, COALESCE(value2, 66) as value3 FROM
+    ( SELECT 1 as key3 ) sub3
+    LEFT JOIN
+    ( SELECT sub5.key5, COALESCE(sub6.value1, 1) as value2 FROM
+        ( SELECT 1 as key5 ) sub5
+        LEFT JOIN
+        ( SELECT 2 as key6, 42 as value1 ) sub6
+        ON sub5.key5 = sub6.key6
+    ) sub4
+    ON sub4.key5 = sub3.key3
+) sub2
+ON sub1.key1 = sub2.key3;
+ key1 | key3 | value2 | value3 
+------+------+--------+--------
+    1 |    1 |      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test case where a PlaceHolderVar is used as a nestloop parameter
+--
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT qq, unique1
+  FROM
+  ( SELECT COALESCE(q1, 0) AS qq FROM int8_tbl a ) AS ss1
+  FULL OUTER JOIN
+  ( SELECT COALESCE(q2, -1) AS qq FROM int8_tbl b ) AS ss2
+  USING (qq)
+  INNER JOIN tenk1 c ON qq = unique2;
+                                               QUERY PLAN                                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: ((COALESCE(a.q1, '0'::bigint)) = (COALESCE(b.q2, '-1'::bigint)))
+         ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl a
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl b
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 c
+         Index Cond: (unique2 = COALESCE((COALESCE(a.q1, '0'::bigint)), (COALESCE(b.q2, '-1'::bigint))))
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT qq, unique1
+  FROM
+  ( SELECT COALESCE(q1, 0) AS qq FROM int8_tbl a ) AS ss1
+  FULL OUTER JOIN
+  ( SELECT COALESCE(q2, -1) AS qq FROM int8_tbl b ) AS ss2
+  USING (qq)
+  INNER JOIN tenk1 c ON qq = unique2;
+ qq  | unique1 
+-----+---------
+ 123 |    4596
+ 123 |    4596
+ 456 |    7318
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- nested nestloops can require nested PlaceHolderVars
+--
+create temp table nt1 (
+  id int primary key,
+  a1 boolean,
+  a2 boolean
+);
+create temp table nt2 (
+  id int primary key,
+  nt1_id int,
+  b1 boolean,
+  b2 boolean,
+  foreign key (nt1_id) references nt1(id)
+);
+create temp table nt3 (
+  id int primary key,
+  nt2_id int,
+  c1 boolean,
+  foreign key (nt2_id) references nt2(id)
+);
+insert into nt1 values (1,true,true);
+insert into nt1 values (2,true,false);
+insert into nt1 values (3,false,false);
+insert into nt2 values (1,1,true,true);
+insert into nt2 values (2,2,true,false);
+insert into nt2 values (3,3,false,false);
+insert into nt3 values (1,1,true);
+insert into nt3 values (2,2,false);
+insert into nt3 values (3,3,true);
+explain (costs off)
+select nt3.id
+from nt3 as nt3
+  left join
+    (select nt2.*, (nt2.b1 and ss1.a3) AS b3
+     from nt2 as nt2
+       left join
+         (select nt1.*, (nt1.id is not null) as a3 from nt1) as ss1
+         on ss1.id = nt2.nt1_id
+    ) as ss2
+    on ss2.id = nt3.nt2_id
+where nt3.id = 1 and ss2.b3;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Index Scan using nt3_pkey on nt3
+               Index Cond: (id = 1)
+         ->  Index Scan using nt2_pkey on nt2
+               Index Cond: (id = nt3.nt2_id)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using nt1_pkey on nt1
+         Index Cond: (id = nt2.nt1_id)
+         Filter: (nt2.b1 AND (id IS NOT NULL))
+(9 rows)
+
+select nt3.id
+from nt3 as nt3
+  left join
+    (select nt2.*, (nt2.b1 and ss1.a3) AS b3
+     from nt2 as nt2
+       left join
+         (select nt1.*, (nt1.id is not null) as a3 from nt1) as ss1
+         on ss1.id = nt2.nt1_id
+    ) as ss2
+    on ss2.id = nt3.nt2_id
+where nt3.id = 1 and ss2.b3;
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test case where a PlaceHolderVar is propagated into a subquery
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  int8_tbl t1 left join
+  (select q1 as x, 42 as y from int8_tbl t2) ss
+  on t1.q2 = ss.x
+where
+  1 = (select 1 from int8_tbl t3 where ss.y is not null limit 1)
+order by 1,2;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.q1, t1.q2
+   ->  Hash Left Join
+         Hash Cond: (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
+         Filter: (1 = (SubPlan 1))
+         ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl t1
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl t2
+         SubPlan 1
+           ->  Limit
+                 ->  Result
+                       One-Time Filter: ((42) IS NOT NULL)
+                       ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl t3
+(13 rows)
+
+select * from
+  int8_tbl t1 left join
+  (select q1 as x, 42 as y from int8_tbl t2) ss
+  on t1.q2 = ss.x
+where
+  1 = (select 1 from int8_tbl t3 where ss.y is not null limit 1)
+order by 1,2;
+        q1        |        q2        |        x         | y  
+------------------+------------------+------------------+----
+              123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
+              123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
+              123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
+ 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123 | 42
+ 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123 | 42
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 42
+(8 rows)
+
+--
+-- variant where a PlaceHolderVar is needed at a join, but not above the join
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  int4_tbl as i41,
+  lateral
+    (select 1 as x from
+      (select i41.f1 as lat,
+              i42.f1 as loc from
+         int8_tbl as i81, int4_tbl as i42) as ss1
+      right join int4_tbl as i43 on (i43.f1 > 1)
+      where ss1.loc = ss1.lat) as ss2
+where i41.f1 > 0;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i41
+               Filter: (f1 > 0)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Join Filter: (i41.f1 = i42.f1)
+               ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl i81
+               ->  Materialize
+                     ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i42
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i43
+               Filter: (f1 > 1)
+(12 rows)
+
+select * from
+  int4_tbl as i41,
+  lateral
+    (select 1 as x from
+      (select i41.f1 as lat,
+              i42.f1 as loc from
+         int8_tbl as i81, int4_tbl as i42) as ss1
+      right join int4_tbl as i43 on (i43.f1 > 1)
+      where ss1.loc = ss1.lat) as ss2
+where i41.f1 > 0;
+     f1     | x 
+------------+---
+     123456 | 1
+     123456 | 1
+     123456 | 1
+     123456 | 1
+     123456 | 1
+     123456 | 1
+     123456 | 1
+     123456 | 1
+     123456 | 1
+     123456 | 1
+ 2147483647 | 1
+ 2147483647 | 1
+ 2147483647 | 1
+ 2147483647 | 1
+ 2147483647 | 1
+ 2147483647 | 1
+ 2147483647 | 1
+ 2147483647 | 1
+ 2147483647 | 1
+ 2147483647 | 1
+(20 rows)
+
+--
+-- test the corner cases FULL JOIN ON TRUE and FULL JOIN ON FALSE
+--
+select * from int4_tbl a full join int4_tbl b on true;
+     f1      |     f1      
+-------------+-------------
+           0 |           0
+           0 |      123456
+           0 |     -123456
+           0 |  2147483647
+           0 | -2147483647
+      123456 |           0
+      123456 |      123456
+      123456 |     -123456
+      123456 |  2147483647
+      123456 | -2147483647
+     -123456 |           0
+     -123456 |      123456
+     -123456 |     -123456
+     -123456 |  2147483647
+     -123456 | -2147483647
+  2147483647 |           0
+  2147483647 |      123456
+  2147483647 |     -123456
+  2147483647 |  2147483647
+  2147483647 | -2147483647
+ -2147483647 |           0
+ -2147483647 |      123456
+ -2147483647 |     -123456
+ -2147483647 |  2147483647
+ -2147483647 | -2147483647
+(25 rows)
+
+select * from int4_tbl a full join int4_tbl b on false;
+     f1      |     f1      
+-------------+-------------
+             |           0
+             |      123456
+             |     -123456
+             |  2147483647
+             | -2147483647
+           0 |            
+      123456 |            
+     -123456 |            
+  2147483647 |            
+ -2147483647 |            
+(10 rows)
+
+--
+-- test for ability to use a cartesian join when necessary
+--
+create temp table q1 as select 1 as q1;
+create temp table q2 as select 0 as q2;
+analyze q1;
+analyze q2;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  tenk1 join int4_tbl on f1 = twothousand,
+  q1, q2
+where q1 = thousand or q2 = thousand;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (tenk1.twothousand = int4_tbl.f1)
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Seq Scan on q1
+               ->  Seq Scan on q2
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1
+               Recheck Cond: ((q1.q1 = thousand) OR (q2.q2 = thousand))
+               ->  BitmapOr
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+                           Index Cond: (thousand = q1.q1)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+                           Index Cond: (thousand = q2.q2)
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
+(15 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  tenk1 join int4_tbl on f1 = twothousand,
+  q1, q2
+where thousand = (q1 + q2);
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (tenk1.twothousand = int4_tbl.f1)
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Seq Scan on q1
+               ->  Seq Scan on q2
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1
+               Recheck Cond: (thousand = (q1.q1 + q2.q2))
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+                     Index Cond: (thousand = (q1.q1 + q2.q2))
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
+(12 rows)
+
+--
+-- test ability to generate a suitable plan for a star-schema query
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  tenk1, int8_tbl a, int8_tbl b
+where thousand = a.q1 and tenthous = b.q1 and a.q2 = 1 and b.q2 = 2;
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl b
+         Filter: (q2 = 2)
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl a
+               Filter: (q2 = 1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+               Index Cond: ((thousand = a.q1) AND (tenthous = b.q1))
+(8 rows)
+
+--
+-- test a corner case in which we shouldn't apply the star-schema optimization
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
+  tenk1 t1
+  inner join int4_tbl i1
+    left join (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11 AS d1
+               from (select 1,0 from onerow) v1(x1,x2)
+               left join (select 3,1 from onerow) v2(y1,y2)
+               on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1
+    on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2)
+  on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1)
+  left join tenk1 t2
+  on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1)
+where t1.unique2 < 42 and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Join Filter: (t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Seq Scan on onerow
+                     ->  Seq Scan on onerow onerow_1
+               ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 t1
+                     Index Cond: ((unique2 = (11)) AND (unique2 < 42))
+         ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t2
+               Index Cond: (unique1 = (3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i1
+         Filter: (f1 = 0)
+(13 rows)
+
+select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
+  tenk1 t1
+  inner join int4_tbl i1
+    left join (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11 AS d1
+               from (select 1,0 from onerow) v1(x1,x2)
+               left join (select 3,1 from onerow) v2(y1,y2)
+               on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1
+    on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2)
+  on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1)
+  left join tenk1 t2
+  on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1)
+where t1.unique2 < 42 and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
+ unique2 | stringu1 | unique1 | stringu2 
+---------+----------+---------+----------
+      11 | WFAAAA   |       3 | LKIAAA
+(1 row)
+
+-- variant that isn't quite a star-schema case
+select ss1.d1 from
+  tenk1 as t1
+  inner join tenk1 as t2
+  on t1.tenthous = t2.ten
+  inner join
+    int8_tbl as i8
+    left join int4_tbl as i4
+      inner join (select 64::information_schema.cardinal_number as d1
+                  from tenk1 t3,
+                       lateral (select abs(t3.unique1) + random()) ss0(x)
+                  where t3.fivethous < 0) as ss1
+      on i4.f1 = ss1.d1
+    on i8.q1 = i4.f1
+  on t1.tenthous = ss1.d1
+where t1.unique1 < i4.f1;
+ d1 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- this variant is foldable by the remove-useless-RESULT-RTEs code
+explain (costs off)
+select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
+  tenk1 t1
+  inner join int4_tbl i1
+    left join (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11 AS d1
+               from (values(1,0)) v1(x1,x2)
+               left join (values(3,1)) v2(y1,y2)
+               on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1
+    on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2)
+  on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1)
+  left join tenk1 t2
+  on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1)
+where t1.unique2 < 42 and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2)
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i1
+               Filter: (f1 = 0)
+         ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 t1
+               Index Cond: ((unique2 = (11)) AND (unique2 < 42))
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t2
+         Index Cond: (unique1 = (3))
+(9 rows)
+
+select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
+  tenk1 t1
+  inner join int4_tbl i1
+    left join (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11 AS d1
+               from (values(1,0)) v1(x1,x2)
+               left join (values(3,1)) v2(y1,y2)
+               on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1
+    on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2)
+  on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1)
+  left join tenk1 t2
+  on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1)
+where t1.unique2 < 42 and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
+ unique2 | stringu1 | unique1 | stringu2 
+---------+----------+---------+----------
+      11 | WFAAAA   |       3 | LKIAAA
+(1 row)
+
+-- Here's a variant that we can't fold too aggressively, though,
+-- or we end up with noplace to evaluate the lateral PHV
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 1 as x) ss1 left join (select 2 as y) ss2 on (true),
+  lateral (select ss2.y as z limit 1) ss3;
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: 1, (2), ((2))
+   ->  Result
+         Output: 2
+   ->  Limit
+         Output: ((2))
+         ->  Result
+               Output: (2)
+(8 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select 1 as x) ss1 left join (select 2 as y) ss2 on (true),
+  lateral (select ss2.y as z limit 1) ss3;
+ x | y | z 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test proper handling of appendrel PHVs during useless-RTE removal
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 0 as z) as t1
+  left join
+  (select true as a) as t2
+  on true,
+  lateral (select true as b
+           union all
+           select a as b) as t3
+where b;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Result
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Result
+         ->  Result
+               One-Time Filter: (true)
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select 0 as z) as t1
+  left join
+  (select true as a) as t2
+  on true,
+  lateral (select true as b
+           union all
+           select a as b) as t3
+where b;
+ z | a | b 
+---+---+---
+ 0 | t | t
+ 0 | t | t
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test PHV in a semijoin qual, which confused useless-RTE removal (bug #17700)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with ctetable as not materialized ( select 1 as f1 )
+select * from ctetable c1
+where f1 in ( select c3.f1 from ctetable c2 full join ctetable c3 on true );
+         QUERY PLAN         
+----------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: 1
+   One-Time Filter: (1 = 1)
+(3 rows)
+
+with ctetable as not materialized ( select 1 as f1 )
+select * from ctetable c1
+where f1 in ( select c3.f1 from ctetable c2 full join ctetable c3 on true );
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test inlining of immutable functions
+--
+create function f_immutable_int4(i integer) returns integer as
+$$ begin return i; end; $$ language plpgsql immutable;
+-- check optimization of function scan with join
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1, (select * from f_immutable_int4(1) x) x
+where x = unique1;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+   Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select unique1, x.*
+from tenk1, (select *, random() from f_immutable_int4(1) x) x
+where x = unique1;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: tenk1.unique1, (1), (random())
+   ->  Result
+         Output: 1, random()
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on public.tenk1
+         Output: tenk1.unique1
+         Index Cond: (tenk1.unique1 = (1))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1, f_immutable_int4(1) x where x = unique1;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+   Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1, lateral f_immutable_int4(1) x where x = unique1;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+   Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1, lateral f_immutable_int4(1) x where x in (select 17);
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, x from tenk1 join f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+   Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, x from tenk1 left join f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Join Filter: (tenk1.unique1 = 1)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Result
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, x from tenk1 right join f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Result
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+         Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, x from tenk1 full join f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Full Join
+   Merge Cond: (tenk1.unique1 = (1))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: (1)
+         ->  Result
+(6 rows)
+
+-- check that pullup of a const function allows further const-folding
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1, f_immutable_int4(1) x where x = 42;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test inlining of immutable functions with PlaceHolderVars
+explain (costs off)
+select nt3.id
+from nt3 as nt3
+  left join
+    (select nt2.*, (nt2.b1 or i4 = 42) AS b3
+     from nt2 as nt2
+       left join
+         f_immutable_int4(0) i4
+         on i4 = nt2.nt1_id
+    ) as ss2
+    on ss2.id = nt3.nt2_id
+where nt3.id = 1 and ss2.b3;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Filter: ((nt2.b1 OR ((0) = 42)))
+   ->  Index Scan using nt3_pkey on nt3
+         Index Cond: (id = 1)
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Join Filter: (0 = nt2.nt1_id)
+         ->  Index Scan using nt2_pkey on nt2
+               Index Cond: (id = nt3.nt2_id)
+         ->  Result
+(9 rows)
+
+drop function f_immutable_int4(int);
+-- test inlining when function returns composite
+create function mki8(bigint, bigint) returns int8_tbl as
+$$select row($1,$2)::int8_tbl$$ language sql;
+create function mki4(int) returns int4_tbl as
+$$select row($1)::int4_tbl$$ language sql;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from mki8(1,2);
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on mki8
+   Output: q1, q2
+   Function Call: '(1,2)'::int8_tbl
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from mki8(1,2);
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+  1 |  2
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from mki4(42);
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Function Scan on mki4
+   Output: f1
+   Function Call: '(42)'::int4_tbl
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from mki4(42);
+ f1 
+----
+ 42
+(1 row)
+
+drop function mki8(bigint, bigint);
+drop function mki4(int);
+--
+-- test extraction of restriction OR clauses from join OR clause
+-- (we used to only do this for indexable clauses)
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
+  (a.unique1 = 1 and b.unique1 = 2) or (a.unique2 = 3 and b.hundred = 4);
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (((a.unique1 = 1) AND (b.unique1 = 2)) OR ((a.unique2 = 3) AND (b.hundred = 4)))
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 b
+         Recheck Cond: ((unique1 = 2) OR (hundred = 4))
+         ->  BitmapOr
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique1
+                     Index Cond: (unique1 = 2)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_hundred
+                     Index Cond: (hundred = 4)
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 a
+               Recheck Cond: ((unique1 = 1) OR (unique2 = 3))
+               ->  BitmapOr
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique1
+                           Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique2
+                           Index Cond: (unique2 = 3)
+(17 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
+  (a.unique1 = 1 and b.unique1 = 2) or (a.unique2 = 3 and b.ten = 4);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (((a.unique1 = 1) AND (b.unique1 = 2)) OR ((a.unique2 = 3) AND (b.ten = 4)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 b
+         Filter: ((unique1 = 2) OR (ten = 4))
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 a
+               Recheck Cond: ((unique1 = 1) OR (unique2 = 3))
+               ->  BitmapOr
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique1
+                           Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique2
+                           Index Cond: (unique2 = 3)
+(12 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
+  (a.unique1 = 1 and b.unique1 = 2) or
+  ((a.unique2 = 3 or a.unique2 = 7) and b.hundred = 4);
+                                                      QUERY PLAN                                                      
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (((a.unique1 = 1) AND (b.unique1 = 2)) OR (((a.unique2 = 3) OR (a.unique2 = 7)) AND (b.hundred = 4)))
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 b
+         Recheck Cond: ((unique1 = 2) OR (hundred = 4))
+         ->  BitmapOr
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique1
+                     Index Cond: (unique1 = 2)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_hundred
+                     Index Cond: (hundred = 4)
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 a
+               Recheck Cond: ((unique1 = 1) OR (unique2 = 3) OR (unique2 = 7))
+               ->  BitmapOr
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique1
+                           Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique2
+                           Index Cond: (unique2 = 3)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique2
+                           Index Cond: (unique2 = 7)
+(19 rows)
+
+--
+-- test placement of movable quals in a parameterized join tree
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tenk1 t1 left join
+  (tenk1 t2 join tenk1 t3 on t2.thousand = t3.unique2)
+  on t1.hundred = t2.hundred and t1.ten = t3.ten
+where t1.unique1 = 1;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t1
+         Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Join Filter: (t1.ten = t3.ten)
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 t2
+               Recheck Cond: (t1.hundred = hundred)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_hundred
+                     Index Cond: (hundred = t1.hundred)
+         ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 t3
+               Index Cond: (unique2 = t2.thousand)
+(11 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tenk1 t1 left join
+  (tenk1 t2 join tenk1 t3 on t2.thousand = t3.unique2)
+  on t1.hundred = t2.hundred and t1.ten + t2.ten = t3.ten
+where t1.unique1 = 1;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t1
+         Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Join Filter: ((t1.ten + t2.ten) = t3.ten)
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 t2
+               Recheck Cond: (t1.hundred = hundred)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_hundred
+                     Index Cond: (hundred = t1.hundred)
+         ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 t3
+               Index Cond: (unique2 = t2.thousand)
+(11 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
+  left join tenk1 c on a.unique2 = b.unique1 and c.thousand = a.thousand
+  join int4_tbl on b.thousand = f1;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Join Filter: (a.unique2 = b.unique1)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
+                     ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 b
+                           Recheck Cond: (thousand = int4_tbl.f1)
+                           ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+                                 Index Cond: (thousand = int4_tbl.f1)
+               ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
+                     Index Cond: (unique1 = b.unique2)
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 c
+               Index Cond: (thousand = a.thousand)
+(14 rows)
+
+select count(*) from
+  tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
+  left join tenk1 c on a.unique2 = b.unique1 and c.thousand = a.thousand
+  join int4_tbl on b.thousand = f1;
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select b.unique1 from
+  tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
+  left join tenk1 c on b.unique1 = 42 and c.thousand = a.thousand
+  join int4_tbl i1 on b.thousand = f1
+  right join int4_tbl i2 on i2.f1 = b.tenthous
+  order by 1;
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: b.unique1
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i2
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               Join Filter: (b.unique1 = 42)
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Nested Loop
+                           ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i1
+                           ->  Index Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 b
+                                 Index Cond: ((thousand = i1.f1) AND (tenthous = i2.f1))
+                     ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
+                           Index Cond: (unique1 = b.unique2)
+               ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 c
+                     Index Cond: (thousand = a.thousand)
+(15 rows)
+
+select b.unique1 from
+  tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
+  left join tenk1 c on b.unique1 = 42 and c.thousand = a.thousand
+  join int4_tbl i1 on b.thousand = f1
+  right join int4_tbl i2 on i2.f1 = b.tenthous
+  order by 1;
+ unique1 
+---------
+       0
+        
+        
+        
+        
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+(
+  select unique1, q1, coalesce(unique1, -1) + q1 as fault
+  from int8_tbl left join tenk1 on (q2 = unique2)
+) ss
+where fault = 122
+order by fault;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Filter: ((COALESCE(tenk1.unique1, '-1'::integer) + int8_tbl.q1) = 122)
+   ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
+         Index Cond: (unique2 = int8_tbl.q2)
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from
+(
+  select unique1, q1, coalesce(unique1, -1) + q1 as fault
+  from int8_tbl left join tenk1 on (q2 = unique2)
+) ss
+where fault = 122
+order by fault;
+ unique1 | q1  | fault 
+---------+-----+-------
+         | 123 |   122
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+(values (1, array[10,20]), (2, array[20,30])) as v1(v1x,v1ys)
+left join (values (1, 10), (2, 20)) as v2(v2x,v2y) on v2x = v1x
+left join unnest(v1ys) as u1(u1y) on u1y = v2y;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Hash Cond: (u1.u1y = "*VALUES*_1".column2)
+         Filter: ("*VALUES*_1".column1 = "*VALUES*".column1)
+         ->  Function Scan on unnest u1
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(8 rows)
+
+select * from
+(values (1, array[10,20]), (2, array[20,30])) as v1(v1x,v1ys)
+left join (values (1, 10), (2, 20)) as v2(v2x,v2y) on v2x = v1x
+left join unnest(v1ys) as u1(u1y) on u1y = v2y;
+ v1x |  v1ys   | v2x | v2y | u1y 
+-----+---------+-----+-----+-----
+   1 | {10,20} |   1 |  10 |  10
+   2 | {20,30} |   2 |  20 |  20
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- test handling of potential equivalence clauses above outer joins
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select q1, unique2, thousand, hundred
+  from int8_tbl a left join tenk1 b on q1 = unique2
+  where coalesce(thousand,123) = q1 and q1 = coalesce(hundred,123);
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                      
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Filter: ((COALESCE(b.thousand, 123) = a.q1) AND (a.q1 = COALESCE(b.hundred, 123)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl a
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
+         Index Cond: (unique2 = a.q1)
+(5 rows)
+
+select q1, unique2, thousand, hundred
+  from int8_tbl a left join tenk1 b on q1 = unique2
+  where coalesce(thousand,123) = q1 and q1 = coalesce(hundred,123);
+ q1 | unique2 | thousand | hundred 
+----+---------+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select f1, unique2, case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end
+  from int4_tbl a left join tenk1 b on f1 = unique2
+  where (case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end) = 0;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Filter: (CASE WHEN (b.unique2 IS NULL) THEN a.f1 ELSE 0 END = 0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl a
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
+         Index Cond: (unique2 = a.f1)
+(5 rows)
+
+select f1, unique2, case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end
+  from int4_tbl a left join tenk1 b on f1 = unique2
+  where (case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end) = 0;
+ f1 | unique2 | case 
+----+---------+------
+  0 |       0 |    0
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- another case with equivalence clauses above outer joins (bug #8591)
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select a.unique1, b.unique1, c.unique1, coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
+  from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b on b.thousand = a.unique1                        left join tenk1 c on c.unique2 = coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
+  where a.unique2 < 10 and coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) = 44;
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Filter: (COALESCE(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) = 44)
+         ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 a
+               Index Cond: (unique2 < 10)
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 b
+               Recheck Cond: (thousand = a.unique1)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+                     Index Cond: (thousand = a.unique1)
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 c
+         Index Cond: ((unique2 = COALESCE(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)) AND (unique2 = 44))
+(11 rows)
+
+select a.unique1, b.unique1, c.unique1, coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
+  from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b on b.thousand = a.unique1                        left join tenk1 c on c.unique2 = coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
+  where a.unique2 < 10 and coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) = 44;
+ unique1 | unique1 | unique1 | coalesce 
+---------+---------+---------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- check handling of join aliases when flattening multiple levels of subquery
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select foo1.join_key as foo1_id, foo3.join_key AS foo3_id, bug_field from
+  (values (0),(1)) foo1(join_key)
+left join
+  (select join_key, bug_field from
+    (select ss1.join_key, ss1.bug_field from
+      (select f1 as join_key, 666 as bug_field from int4_tbl i1) ss1
+    ) foo2
+   left join
+    (select unique2 as join_key from tenk1 i2) ss2
+   using (join_key)
+  ) foo3
+using (join_key);
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: "*VALUES*".column1, i1.f1, (666)
+   Join Filter: ("*VALUES*".column1 = i1.f1)
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+         Output: "*VALUES*".column1
+   ->  Materialize
+         Output: i1.f1, (666)
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               Output: i1.f1, 666
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i1
+                     Output: i1.f1
+               ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on public.tenk1 i2
+                     Output: i2.unique2
+                     Index Cond: (i2.unique2 = i1.f1)
+(14 rows)
+
+select foo1.join_key as foo1_id, foo3.join_key AS foo3_id, bug_field from
+  (values (0),(1)) foo1(join_key)
+left join
+  (select join_key, bug_field from
+    (select ss1.join_key, ss1.bug_field from
+      (select f1 as join_key, 666 as bug_field from int4_tbl i1) ss1
+    ) foo2
+   left join
+    (select unique2 as join_key from tenk1 i2) ss2
+   using (join_key)
+  ) foo3
+using (join_key);
+ foo1_id | foo3_id | bug_field 
+---------+---------+-----------
+       0 |       0 |       666
+       1 |         |          
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- test successful handling of nested outer joins with degenerate join quals
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Left Join
+   Output: t1.f1
+   Hash Cond: (i8.q2 = i4.f1)
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Output: t1.f1, i8.q2
+         Join Filter: (t1.f1 = '***'::text)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t1
+               Output: t1.f1
+         ->  Materialize
+               Output: i8.q2
+               ->  Hash Right Join
+                     Output: i8.q2
+                     Hash Cond: ((NULL::integer) = i8b1.q2)
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Output: i8.q2, (NULL::integer)
+                           Hash Cond: (i8.q1 = i8b2.q1)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+                                 Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 Output: i8b2.q1, (NULL::integer)
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8b2
+                                       Output: i8b2.q1, NULL::integer
+                     ->  Hash
+                           Output: i8b1.q2
+                           ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8b1
+                                 Output: i8b1.q2
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: i4.f1
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i4
+               Output: i4.f1
+(30 rows)
+
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ doh!
+ hi de ho neighbor
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Left Join
+   Output: t1.f1
+   Hash Cond: (i8.q2 = i4.f1)
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Output: t1.f1, i8.q2
+         Join Filter: (t1.f1 = '***'::text)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t1
+               Output: t1.f1
+         ->  Materialize
+               Output: i8.q2
+               ->  Hash Right Join
+                     Output: i8.q2
+                     Hash Cond: ((NULL::integer) = i8b1.q2)
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Output: i8.q2, (NULL::integer)
+                           Hash Cond: (i8b2.q1 = i8.q1)
+                           ->  Nested Loop
+                                 Output: i8b2.q1, NULL::integer
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8b2
+                                       Output: i8b2.q1, i8b2.q2
+                                 ->  Materialize
+                                       ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i4b2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+                                       Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           Output: i8b1.q2
+                           ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8b1
+                                 Output: i8b1.q2
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: i4.f1
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i4
+               Output: i4.f1
+(34 rows)
+
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ doh!
+ hi de ho neighbor
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2
+                 where q1 = f1) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Left Join
+   Output: t1.f1
+   Hash Cond: (i8.q2 = i4.f1)
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Output: t1.f1, i8.q2
+         Join Filter: (t1.f1 = '***'::text)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t1
+               Output: t1.f1
+         ->  Materialize
+               Output: i8.q2
+               ->  Hash Right Join
+                     Output: i8.q2
+                     Hash Cond: ((NULL::integer) = i8b1.q2)
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Output: i8.q2, (NULL::integer)
+                           Hash Cond: (i8b2.q1 = i8.q1)
+                           ->  Hash Join
+                                 Output: i8b2.q1, NULL::integer
+                                 Hash Cond: (i8b2.q1 = i4b2.f1)
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8b2
+                                       Output: i8b2.q1, i8b2.q2
+                                 ->  Hash
+                                       Output: i4b2.f1
+                                       ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i4b2
+                                             Output: i4b2.f1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+                                       Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           Output: i8b1.q2
+                           ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8b1
+                                 Output: i8b1.q2
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: i4.f1
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i4
+               Output: i4.f1
+(37 rows)
+
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2
+                 where q1 = f1) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ doh!
+ hi de ho neighbor
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  inner join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 456
+  right join text_tbl t2
+  on t1.f1 = 'doh!'
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: t1.f1, i8.q1, i8.q2, t2.f1, i4.f1
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t2
+         Output: t2.f1
+   ->  Materialize
+         Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, i4.f1, t1.f1
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, i4.f1, t1.f1
+               ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+                     Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, i4.f1
+                     Join Filter: (i8.q1 = i4.f1)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+                           Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+                           Filter: (i8.q2 = 456)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i4
+                           Output: i4.f1
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t1
+                     Output: t1.f1
+                     Filter: (t1.f1 = 'doh!'::text)
+(19 rows)
+
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  inner join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 456
+  right join text_tbl t2
+  on t1.f1 = 'doh!'
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
+  f1  | q1  | q2  |        f1         | f1 
+------+-----+-----+-------------------+----
+ doh! | 123 | 456 | doh!              |   
+ doh! | 123 | 456 | hi de ho neighbor |   
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- test for appropriate join order in the presence of lateral references
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 123,
+  lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit 1) as ss
+where t1.f1 = ss.f1;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: t1.f1, i8.q1, i8.q2, (i8.q1), t2.f1
+   Join Filter: (t1.f1 = t2.f1)
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Output: t1.f1, i8.q1, i8.q2
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t1
+               Output: t1.f1
+         ->  Materialize
+               Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+                     Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+                     Filter: (i8.q2 = 123)
+   ->  Memoize
+         Output: (i8.q1), t2.f1
+         Cache Key: i8.q1
+         Cache Mode: binary
+         ->  Limit
+               Output: (i8.q1), t2.f1
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t2
+                     Output: i8.q1, t2.f1
+(20 rows)
+
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 123,
+  lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit 1) as ss
+where t1.f1 = ss.f1;
+  f1  |        q1        | q2  |        q1        |  f1  
+------+------------------+-----+------------------+------
+ doh! | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | doh!
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 123,
+  lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit 1) as ss1,
+  lateral (select ss1.* from text_tbl t3 limit 1) as ss2
+where t1.f1 = ss2.f1;
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: t1.f1, i8.q1, i8.q2, (i8.q1), t2.f1, ((i8.q1)), (t2.f1)
+   Join Filter: (t1.f1 = (t2.f1))
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Output: t1.f1, i8.q1, i8.q2, (i8.q1), t2.f1
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               Output: t1.f1, i8.q1, i8.q2
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t1
+                     Output: t1.f1
+               ->  Materialize
+                     Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+                           Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+                           Filter: (i8.q2 = 123)
+         ->  Memoize
+               Output: (i8.q1), t2.f1
+               Cache Key: i8.q1
+               Cache Mode: binary
+               ->  Limit
+                     Output: (i8.q1), t2.f1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t2
+                           Output: i8.q1, t2.f1
+   ->  Memoize
+         Output: ((i8.q1)), (t2.f1)
+         Cache Key: (i8.q1), t2.f1
+         Cache Mode: binary
+         ->  Limit
+               Output: ((i8.q1)), (t2.f1)
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl t3
+                     Output: (i8.q1), t2.f1
+(30 rows)
+
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 123,
+  lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit 1) as ss1,
+  lateral (select ss1.* from text_tbl t3 limit 1) as ss2
+where t1.f1 = ss2.f1;
+  f1  |        q1        | q2  |        q1        |  f1  |        q1        |  f1  
+------+------------------+-----+------------------+------+------------------+------
+ doh! | 4567890123456789 | 123 | 4567890123456789 | doh! | 4567890123456789 | doh!
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select 1 from
+  text_tbl as tt1
+  inner join text_tbl as tt2 on (tt1.f1 = 'foo')
+  left join text_tbl as tt3 on (tt3.f1 = 'foo')
+  left join text_tbl as tt4 on (tt3.f1 = tt4.f1),
+  lateral (select tt4.f1 as c0 from text_tbl as tt5 limit 1) as ss1
+where tt1.f1 = ss1.c0;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: 1
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Output: tt1.f1, tt4.f1
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Output: tt1.f1
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl tt1
+                     Output: tt1.f1
+                     Filter: (tt1.f1 = 'foo'::text)
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl tt2
+                     Output: tt2.f1
+         ->  Materialize
+               Output: tt4.f1
+               ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+                     Output: tt4.f1
+                     Join Filter: (tt3.f1 = tt4.f1)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl tt3
+                           Output: tt3.f1
+                           Filter: (tt3.f1 = 'foo'::text)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl tt4
+                           Output: tt4.f1
+                           Filter: (tt4.f1 = 'foo'::text)
+   ->  Memoize
+         Output: ss1.c0
+         Cache Key: tt4.f1
+         Cache Mode: binary
+         ->  Subquery Scan on ss1
+               Output: ss1.c0
+               Filter: (ss1.c0 = 'foo'::text)
+               ->  Limit
+                     Output: (tt4.f1)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl tt5
+                           Output: tt4.f1
+(33 rows)
+
+select 1 from
+  text_tbl as tt1
+  inner join text_tbl as tt2 on (tt1.f1 = 'foo')
+  left join text_tbl as tt3 on (tt3.f1 = 'foo')
+  left join text_tbl as tt4 on (tt3.f1 = tt4.f1),
+  lateral (select tt4.f1 as c0 from text_tbl as tt5 limit 1) as ss1
+where tt1.f1 = ss1.c0;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- check a case in which a PlaceHolderVar forces join order
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select ss2.* from
+  int4_tbl i41
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+    join (select i42.f1 as c1, i43.f1 as c2, 42 as c3
+          from int4_tbl i42, int4_tbl i43) ss1
+    on i8.q1 = ss1.c2
+  on i41.f1 = ss1.c1,
+  lateral (select i41.*, i8.*, ss1.* from text_tbl limit 1) ss2
+where ss1.c2 = 0;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: (i41.f1), (i8.q1), (i8.q2), (i42.f1), (i43.f1), ((42))
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Output: i41.f1, i42.f1, i8.q1, i8.q2, i43.f1, 42
+         Hash Cond: (i41.f1 = i42.f1)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, i43.f1, i41.f1
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, i43.f1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+                           Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+                           Filter: (i8.q1 = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i43
+                           Output: i43.f1
+                           Filter: (i43.f1 = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i41
+                     Output: i41.f1
+         ->  Hash
+               Output: i42.f1
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i42
+                     Output: i42.f1
+   ->  Limit
+         Output: (i41.f1), (i8.q1), (i8.q2), (i42.f1), (i43.f1), ((42))
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.text_tbl
+               Output: i41.f1, i8.q1, i8.q2, i42.f1, i43.f1, (42)
+(25 rows)
+
+select ss2.* from
+  int4_tbl i41
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+    join (select i42.f1 as c1, i43.f1 as c2, 42 as c3
+          from int4_tbl i42, int4_tbl i43) ss1
+    on i8.q1 = ss1.c2
+  on i41.f1 = ss1.c1,
+  lateral (select i41.*, i8.*, ss1.* from text_tbl limit 1) ss2
+where ss1.c2 = 0;
+ f1 | q1 | q2 | c1 | c2 | c3 
+----+----+----+----+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- test successful handling of full join underneath left join (bug #14105)
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 1 as id) as xx
+  left join
+    (tenk1 as a1 full join (select 1 as id) as yy on (a1.unique1 = yy.id))
+  on (xx.id = coalesce(yy.id));
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Result
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: (a1.unique1 = (1))
+         Filter: (1 = COALESCE((1)))
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 a1
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Result
+(8 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select 1 as id) as xx
+  left join
+    (tenk1 as a1 full join (select 1 as id) as yy on (a1.unique1 = yy.id))
+  on (xx.id = coalesce(yy.id));
+ id | unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 | id 
+----+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------+----
+  1 |       1 |    2838 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |        1 |           1 |         1 |        1 |   2 |    3 | BAAAAA   | EFEAAA   | OOOOxx  |  1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test ability to push constants through outer join clauses
+--
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from int4_tbl a left join tenk1 b on f1 = unique2 where f1 = 0;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Join Filter: (a.f1 = b.unique2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl a
+         Filter: (f1 = 0)
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
+         Index Cond: (unique2 = 0)
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from tenk1 a full join tenk1 b using(unique2) where unique2 = 42;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Full Join
+   Merge Cond: (a.unique2 = b.unique2)
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 a
+         Index Cond: (unique2 = 42)
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
+         Index Cond: (unique2 = 42)
+(6 rows)
+
+--
+-- test that quals attached to an outer join have correct semantics,
+-- specifically that they don't re-use expressions computed below the join;
+-- we force a mergejoin so that coalesce(b.q1, 1) appears as a join input
+--
+set enable_hashjoin to off;
+set enable_nestloop to off;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select a.q2, b.q1
+    from int8_tbl a left join int8_tbl b on a.q2 = coalesce(b.q1, 1)
+    where coalesce(b.q1, 1) > 0;
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Left Join
+   Output: a.q2, b.q1
+   Merge Cond: (a.q2 = (COALESCE(b.q1, '1'::bigint)))
+   Filter: (COALESCE(b.q1, '1'::bigint) > 0)
+   ->  Sort
+         Output: a.q2
+         Sort Key: a.q2
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
+               Output: a.q2
+   ->  Sort
+         Output: b.q1, (COALESCE(b.q1, '1'::bigint))
+         Sort Key: (COALESCE(b.q1, '1'::bigint))
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
+               Output: b.q1, COALESCE(b.q1, '1'::bigint)
+(14 rows)
+
+select a.q2, b.q1
+  from int8_tbl a left join int8_tbl b on a.q2 = coalesce(b.q1, 1)
+  where coalesce(b.q1, 1) > 0;
+        q2         |        q1        
+-------------------+------------------
+ -4567890123456789 |                 
+               123 |              123
+               123 |              123
+               456 |                 
+  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(10 rows)
+
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_nestloop;
+--
+-- test join removal
+--
+begin;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE a (id int PRIMARY KEY, b_id int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE b (id int PRIMARY KEY, c_id int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE c (id int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE d (a int, b int);
+INSERT INTO a VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL);
+INSERT INTO b VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL);
+INSERT INTO c VALUES (0), (1);
+INSERT INTO d VALUES (1,3), (2,2), (3,1);
+-- all three cases should be optimizable into a simple seqscan
+explain (costs off) SELECT a.* FROM a LEFT JOIN b ON a.b_id = b.id;
+  QUERY PLAN   
+---------------
+ Seq Scan on a
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off) SELECT b.* FROM b LEFT JOIN c ON b.c_id = c.id;
+  QUERY PLAN   
+---------------
+ Seq Scan on b
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  SELECT a.* FROM a LEFT JOIN (b left join c on b.c_id = c.id)
+  ON (a.b_id = b.id);
+  QUERY PLAN   
+---------------
+ Seq Scan on a
+(1 row)
+
+-- check optimization of outer join within another special join
+explain (costs off)
+select id from a where id in (
+	select b.id from b left join c on b.id = c.id
+);
+         QUERY PLAN         
+----------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (a.id = b.id)
+   ->  Seq Scan on a
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on b
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check that join removal works for a left join when joining a subquery
+-- that is guaranteed to be unique by its GROUP BY clause
+explain (costs off)
+select d.* from d left join (select * from b group by b.id, b.c_id) s
+  on d.a = s.id and d.b = s.c_id;
+  QUERY PLAN   
+---------------
+ Seq Scan on d
+(1 row)
+
+-- similarly, but keying off a DISTINCT clause
+explain (costs off)
+select d.* from d left join (select distinct * from b) s
+  on d.a = s.id and d.b = s.c_id;
+  QUERY PLAN   
+---------------
+ Seq Scan on d
+(1 row)
+
+-- join removal is not possible when the GROUP BY contains a column that is
+-- not in the join condition.  (Note: as of 9.6, we notice that b.id is a
+-- primary key and so drop b.c_id from the GROUP BY of the resulting plan;
+-- but this happens too late for join removal in the outer plan level.)
+explain (costs off)
+select d.* from d left join (select * from b group by b.id, b.c_id) s
+  on d.a = s.id;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Merge Right Join
+   Merge Cond: (b.id = d.a)
+   ->  Group
+         Group Key: b.id
+         ->  Index Scan using b_pkey on b
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: d.a
+         ->  Seq Scan on d
+(8 rows)
+
+-- similarly, but keying off a DISTINCT clause
+explain (costs off)
+select d.* from d left join (select distinct * from b) s
+  on d.a = s.id;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Merge Right Join
+   Merge Cond: (b.id = d.a)
+   ->  Unique
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: b.id, b.c_id
+               ->  Seq Scan on b
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: d.a
+         ->  Seq Scan on d
+(9 rows)
+
+-- check join removal works when uniqueness of the join condition is enforced
+-- by a UNION
+explain (costs off)
+select d.* from d left join (select id from a union select id from b) s
+  on d.a = s.id;
+  QUERY PLAN   
+---------------
+ Seq Scan on d
+(1 row)
+
+-- check join removal with a cross-type comparison operator
+explain (costs off)
+select i8.* from int8_tbl i8 left join (select f1 from int4_tbl group by f1) i4
+  on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ Seq Scan on int8_tbl i8
+(1 row)
+
+-- check join removal with lateral references
+explain (costs off)
+select 1 from (select a.id FROM a left join b on a.b_id = b.id) q,
+			  lateral generate_series(1, q.id) gs(i) where q.id = gs.i;
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on a
+   ->  Function Scan on generate_series gs
+         Filter: (a.id = i)
+(4 rows)
+
+rollback;
+create temp table parent (k int primary key, pd int);
+create temp table child (k int unique, cd int);
+insert into parent values (1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30);
+insert into child values (1, 100), (4, 400);
+-- this case is optimizable
+select p.* from parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k);
+ k | pd 
+---+----
+ 1 | 10
+ 2 | 20
+ 3 | 30
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select p.* from parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k);
+      QUERY PLAN      
+----------------------
+ Seq Scan on parent p
+(1 row)
+
+-- this case is not
+select p.*, linked from parent p
+  left join (select c.*, true as linked from child c) as ss
+  on (p.k = ss.k);
+ k | pd | linked 
+---+----+--------
+ 1 | 10 | t
+ 2 | 20 | 
+ 3 | 30 | 
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select p.*, linked from parent p
+    left join (select c.*, true as linked from child c) as ss
+    on (p.k = ss.k);
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Hash Left Join
+   Hash Cond: (p.k = c.k)
+   ->  Seq Scan on parent p
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on child c
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check for a 9.0rc1 bug: join removal breaks pseudoconstant qual handling
+select p.* from
+  parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)
+  where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
+ k | pd 
+---+----
+(0 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select p.* from
+  parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)
+  where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+   ->  Index Scan using parent_pkey on parent p
+         Index Cond: (k = 1)
+(4 rows)
+
+select p.* from
+  (parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)) join parent x on p.k = x.k
+  where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
+ k | pd 
+---+----
+(0 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select p.* from
+  (parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)) join parent x on p.k = x.k
+  where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+-- bug 5255: this is not optimizable by join removal
+begin;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE a (id int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE b (id int PRIMARY KEY, a_id int);
+INSERT INTO a VALUES (0), (1);
+INSERT INTO b VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL);
+SELECT * FROM b LEFT JOIN a ON (b.a_id = a.id) WHERE (a.id IS NULL OR a.id > 0);
+ id | a_id | id 
+----+------+----
+  1 |      |   
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b.* FROM b LEFT JOIN a ON (b.a_id = a.id) WHERE (a.id IS NULL OR a.id > 0);
+ id | a_id 
+----+------
+  1 |     
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+-- another join removal bug: this is not optimizable, either
+begin;
+create temp table innertab (id int8 primary key, dat1 int8);
+insert into innertab values(123, 42);
+SELECT * FROM
+    (SELECT 1 AS x) ss1
+  LEFT JOIN
+    (SELECT q1, q2, COALESCE(dat1, q1) AS y
+     FROM int8_tbl LEFT JOIN innertab ON q2 = id) ss2
+  ON true;
+ x |        q1        |        q2         |        y         
+---+------------------+-------------------+------------------
+ 1 |              123 |               456 |              123
+ 1 |              123 |  4567890123456789 |              123
+ 1 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |               42
+ 1 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 1 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+rollback;
+-- another join removal bug: we must clean up correctly when removing a PHV
+begin;
+create temp table uniquetbl (f1 text unique);
+explain (costs off)
+select t1.* from
+  uniquetbl as t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from uniquetbl) t2
+  on t1.f1 = t2.f1
+  left join uniquetbl t3
+  on t2.d1 = t3.f1;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Seq Scan on uniquetbl t1
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select t0.*
+from
+ text_tbl t0
+ left join
+   (select case t1.ten when 0 then 'doh!'::text else null::text end as case1,
+           t1.stringu2
+     from tenk1 t1
+     join int4_tbl i4 ON i4.f1 = t1.unique2
+     left join uniquetbl u1 ON u1.f1 = t1.string4) ss
+  on t0.f1 = ss.case1
+where ss.stringu2 !~* ss.case1;
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                         
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (CASE t1.ten WHEN 0 THEN 'doh!'::text ELSE NULL::text END = t0.f1)
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i4
+         ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 t1
+               Index Cond: (unique2 = i4.f1)
+               Filter: (stringu2 !~* CASE ten WHEN 0 THEN 'doh!'::text ELSE NULL::text END)
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on text_tbl t0
+(9 rows)
+
+select t0.*
+from
+ text_tbl t0
+ left join
+   (select case t1.ten when 0 then 'doh!'::text else null::text end as case1,
+           t1.stringu2
+     from tenk1 t1
+     join int4_tbl i4 ON i4.f1 = t1.unique2
+     left join uniquetbl u1 ON u1.f1 = t1.string4) ss
+  on t0.f1 = ss.case1
+where ss.stringu2 !~* ss.case1;
+  f1  
+------
+ doh!
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+-- test case to expose miscomputation of required relid set for a PHV
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select i8.*, ss.v, t.unique2
+  from int8_tbl i8
+    left join int4_tbl i4 on i4.f1 = 1
+    left join lateral (select i4.f1 + 1 as v) as ss on true
+    left join tenk1 t on t.unique2 = ss.v
+where q2 = 456;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, ((i4.f1 + 1)), t.unique2
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, (i4.f1 + 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+               Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+               Filter: (i8.q2 = 456)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i4
+               Output: i4.f1
+               Filter: (i4.f1 = 1)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on public.tenk1 t
+         Output: t.unique2
+         Index Cond: (t.unique2 = ((i4.f1 + 1)))
+(13 rows)
+
+select i8.*, ss.v, t.unique2
+  from int8_tbl i8
+    left join int4_tbl i4 on i4.f1 = 1
+    left join lateral (select i4.f1 + 1 as v) as ss on true
+    left join tenk1 t on t.unique2 = ss.v
+where q2 = 456;
+ q1  | q2  | v | unique2 
+-----+-----+---+---------
+ 123 | 456 |   |        
+(1 row)
+
+-- and check a related issue where we miscompute required relids for
+-- a PHV that's been translated to a child rel
+create temp table parttbl (a integer primary key) partition by range (a);
+create temp table parttbl1 partition of parttbl for values from (1) to (100);
+insert into parttbl values (11), (12);
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select *, 12 as phv from parttbl) as ss
+  right join int4_tbl on true
+where ss.a = ss.phv and f1 = 0;
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
+         Filter: (f1 = 0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on parttbl1 parttbl
+         Filter: (a = 12)
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select *, 12 as phv from parttbl) as ss
+  right join int4_tbl on true
+where ss.a = ss.phv and f1 = 0;
+ a  | phv | f1 
+----+-----+----
+ 12 |  12 |  0
+(1 row)
+
+-- bug #8444: we've historically allowed duplicate aliases within aliased JOINs
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y) j on q1 = f1; -- error
+ERROR:  column reference "f1" is ambiguous
+LINE 2: ..._tbl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y) j on q1 = f1;
+                                                                    ^
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y) j on q1 = y.f1; -- error
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "y"
+LINE 2: ...bl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y) j on q1 = y.f1;
+                                                                  ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "y", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y(ff)) j on q1 = f1; -- ok
+ q1 | q2 | f1 | ff 
+----+----+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test hints given on incorrect column references are useful
+--
+select t1.uunique1 from
+  tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, prefer "t1" suggestion
+ERROR:  column t1.uunique1 does not exist
+LINE 1: select t1.uunique1 from
+               ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the column "t1.unique1".
+select t2.uunique1 from
+  tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, prefer "t2" suggestion
+ERROR:  column t2.uunique1 does not exist
+LINE 1: select t2.uunique1 from
+               ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the column "t2.unique1".
+select uunique1 from
+  tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, suggest both at once
+ERROR:  column "uunique1" does not exist
+LINE 1: select uunique1 from
+               ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the column "t1.unique1" or the column "t2.unique1".
+--
+-- Take care to reference the correct RTE
+--
+select atts.relid::regclass, s.* from pg_stats s join
+    pg_attribute a on s.attname = a.attname and s.tablename =
+    a.attrelid::regclass::text join (select unnest(indkey) attnum,
+    indexrelid from pg_index i) atts on atts.attnum = a.attnum where
+    schemaname != 'pg_catalog';
+ERROR:  column atts.relid does not exist
+LINE 1: select atts.relid::regclass, s.* from pg_stats s join
+               ^
+--
+-- Test LATERAL
+--
+select unique2, x.*
+from tenk1 a, lateral (select * from int4_tbl b where f1 = a.unique1) x;
+ unique2 | f1 
+---------+----
+    9998 |  0
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique2, x.*
+  from tenk1 a, lateral (select * from int4_tbl b where f1 = a.unique1) x;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl b
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
+         Index Cond: (unique1 = b.f1)
+(4 rows)
+
+select unique2, x.*
+from int4_tbl x, lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss;
+ unique2 | f1 
+---------+----
+    9998 |  0
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique2, x.*
+  from int4_tbl x, lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl x
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+         Index Cond: (unique1 = x.f1)
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique2, x.*
+  from int4_tbl x cross join lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl x
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+         Index Cond: (unique1 = x.f1)
+(4 rows)
+
+select unique2, x.*
+from int4_tbl x left join lateral (select unique1, unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss on true;
+ unique2 |     f1      
+---------+-------------
+    9998 |           0
+         |      123456
+         |     -123456
+         |  2147483647
+         | -2147483647
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique2, x.*
+  from int4_tbl x left join lateral (select unique1, unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss on true;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl x
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+         Index Cond: (unique1 = x.f1)
+(4 rows)
+
+-- check scoping of lateral versus parent references
+-- the first of these should return int8_tbl.q2, the second int8_tbl.q1
+select *, (select r from (select q1 as q2) x, (select q2 as r) y) from int8_tbl;
+        q1        |        q2         |         r         
+------------------+-------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+select *, (select r from (select q1 as q2) x, lateral (select q2 as r) y) from int8_tbl;
+        q1        |        q2         |        r         
+------------------+-------------------+------------------
+              123 |               456 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+-- lateral with function in FROM
+select count(*) from tenk1 a, lateral generate_series(1,two) g;
+ count 
+-------
+  5000
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a, lateral generate_series(1,two) g;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 a
+         ->  Memoize
+               Cache Key: a.two
+               Cache Mode: binary
+               ->  Function Scan on generate_series g
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a cross join lateral generate_series(1,two) g;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 a
+         ->  Memoize
+               Cache Key: a.two
+               Cache Mode: binary
+               ->  Function Scan on generate_series g
+(7 rows)
+
+-- don't need the explicit LATERAL keyword for functions
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a, generate_series(1,two) g;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 a
+         ->  Memoize
+               Cache Key: a.two
+               Cache Mode: binary
+               ->  Function Scan on generate_series g
+(7 rows)
+
+-- lateral with UNION ALL subselect
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from generate_series(100,200) g,
+    lateral (select * from int8_tbl a where g = q1 union all
+             select * from int8_tbl b where g = q2) ss;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Function Scan on generate_series g
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl a
+               Filter: (g.g = q1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl b
+               Filter: (g.g = q2)
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from generate_series(100,200) g,
+  lateral (select * from int8_tbl a where g = q1 union all
+           select * from int8_tbl b where g = q2) ss;
+  g  |        q1        |        q2        
+-----+------------------+------------------
+ 123 |              123 |              456
+ 123 |              123 | 4567890123456789
+ 123 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+(3 rows)
+
+-- lateral with VALUES
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a,
+    tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Merge Join
+         Merge Cond: (a.unique1 = b.unique2)
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
+(5 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 a,
+  tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+-- lateral with VALUES, no flattening possible
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a,
+    tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1),(-1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+         ->  Memoize
+               Cache Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+               Cache Mode: logical
+               ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
+                     Index Cond: (unique2 = "*VALUES*".column1)
+(10 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 a,
+  tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1),(-1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+-- lateral injecting a strange outer join condition
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from int8_tbl a,
+    int8_tbl x left join lateral (select a.q1 from int4_tbl y) ss(z)
+      on x.q2 = ss.z
+  order by a.q1, a.q2, x.q1, x.q2, ss.z;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: a.q1, a.q2, x.q1, x.q2, (a.q1)
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl a
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((a.q1) = x.q2)
+               ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl y
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl x
+(9 rows)
+
+select * from int8_tbl a,
+  int8_tbl x left join lateral (select a.q1 from int4_tbl y) ss(z)
+    on x.q2 = ss.z
+  order by a.q1, a.q2, x.q1, x.q2, ss.z;
+        q1        |        q2         |        q1        |        q2         |        z         
+------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------
+              123 |               456 |              123 |               456 |                 
+              123 |               456 |              123 |  4567890123456789 |                 
+              123 |               456 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                 
+              123 |               456 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123
+              123 |               456 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123
+              123 |               456 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123
+              123 |               456 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123
+              123 |               456 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123
+              123 |               456 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |                 
+              123 |  4567890123456789 |              123 |               456 |                 
+              123 |  4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789 |                 
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                 
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |                 
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |              123 |               456 |                 
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                 
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |                 
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |               456 |                 
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                 
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |                 
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |              123 |               456 |                 
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                 
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |                 
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(57 rows)
+
+-- lateral reference to a join alias variable
+select * from (select f1/2 as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1,
+  lateral (select x) ss2(y);
+ x | f1 | y 
+---+----+---
+ 0 |  0 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from (select f1 as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1,
+  lateral (values(x)) ss2(y);
+      x      |     f1      |      y      
+-------------+-------------+-------------
+           0 |           0 |           0
+      123456 |      123456 |      123456
+     -123456 |     -123456 |     -123456
+  2147483647 |  2147483647 |  2147483647
+ -2147483647 | -2147483647 | -2147483647
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from ((select f1/2 as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1) j,
+  lateral (select x) ss2(y);
+ x | f1 | y 
+---+----+---
+ 0 |  0 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+-- lateral references requiring pullup
+select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
+  lateral generate_series(lb,4) x4;
+ lb | x4 
+----+----
+  1 |  1
+  1 |  2
+  1 |  3
+  1 |  4
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from (select f1/1000000000 from int4_tbl) x(lb),
+  lateral generate_series(lb,4) x4;
+ lb | x4 
+----+----
+  0 |  0
+  0 |  1
+  0 |  2
+  0 |  3
+  0 |  4
+  0 |  0
+  0 |  1
+  0 |  2
+  0 |  3
+  0 |  4
+  0 |  0
+  0 |  1
+  0 |  2
+  0 |  3
+  0 |  4
+  2 |  2
+  2 |  3
+  2 |  4
+ -2 | -2
+ -2 | -1
+ -2 |  0
+ -2 |  1
+ -2 |  2
+ -2 |  3
+ -2 |  4
+(25 rows)
+
+select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
+  lateral (values(lb)) y(lbcopy);
+ lb | lbcopy 
+----+--------
+  1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
+  lateral (select lb from int4_tbl) y(lbcopy);
+ lb | lbcopy 
+----+--------
+  1 |      1
+  1 |      1
+  1 |      1
+  1 |      1
+  1 |      1
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
+  lateral (values(x.q1,y.q1,y.q2)) v(xq1,yq1,yq2);
+        q1        |        q2         |        q1        |        q2         |       xq1        |       yq1        |        yq2        
+------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456 |                  |                   |              123 |                  |                  
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |              123 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |              123 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 | 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |               456 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |               456
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                  |                   | 4567890123456789 |                  |                  
+(10 rows)
+
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
+  lateral (select x.q1,y.q1,y.q2) v(xq1,yq1,yq2);
+        q1        |        q2         |        q1        |        q2         |       xq1        |       yq1        |        yq2        
+------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456 |                  |                   |              123 |                  |                  
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |              123 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 |              123 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 | 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |               456 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |               456
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                  |                   | 4567890123456789 |                  |                  
+(10 rows)
+
+select x.* from
+  int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
+  lateral (select x.q1,y.q1,y.q2) v(xq1,yq1,yq2);
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(10 rows)
+
+select v.* from
+  (int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1)
+  left join int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
+  lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 union all select x.q2,y.q2) v(vx,vy);
+        vx         |        vy         
+-------------------+-------------------
+               123 |                  
+               456 |                  
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+               123 |               456
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+  4567890123456789 |                  
+ -4567890123456789 |                  
+(20 rows)
+
+select v.* from
+  (int8_tbl x left join (select q1,(select coalesce(q2,0)) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1)
+  left join int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
+  lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 union all select x.q2,y.q2) v(vx,vy);
+        vx         |        vy         
+-------------------+-------------------
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+               123 |               456
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+               123 |                  
+               456 |                  
+  4567890123456789 |                  
+ -4567890123456789 |                  
+(20 rows)
+
+select v.* from
+  (int8_tbl x left join (select q1,(select coalesce(q2,0)) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1)
+  left join int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
+  lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 from onerow union all select x.q2,y.q2 from onerow) v(vx,vy);
+        vx         |        vy         
+-------------------+-------------------
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+               123 |               456
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |               123
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+               123 |  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+               123 |                  
+               456 |                  
+  4567890123456789 |                  
+ -4567890123456789 |                  
+(20 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join
+  lateral (select *, a.q2 as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, b.q2, (a.q2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
+         Output: a.q1, a.q2
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
+         Output: b.q1, b.q2, a.q2
+         Filter: (a.q2 = b.q1)
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join
+  lateral (select *, a.q2 as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
+        q1        |        q2         |        q1        |        q2         |        x         
+------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------
+              123 |               456 |                  |                   |                 
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |               456 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |  4567890123456789 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                  |                   |                 
+(10 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join
+  lateral (select *, coalesce(a.q2, 42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, b.q2, (COALESCE(a.q2, '42'::bigint))
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
+         Output: a.q1, a.q2
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
+         Output: b.q1, b.q2, COALESCE(a.q2, '42'::bigint)
+         Filter: (a.q2 = b.q1)
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join
+  lateral (select *, coalesce(a.q2, 42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
+        q1        |        q2         |        q1        |        q2         |        x         
+------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------
+              123 |               456 |                  |                   |                 
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |               456 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |  4567890123456789 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                  |                   |                 
+(10 rows)
+
+-- lateral can result in join conditions appearing below their
+-- real semantic level
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl i left join
+  lateral (select * from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Hash Left Join
+   Output: i.f1, j.f1
+   Hash Cond: (i.f1 = j.f1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i
+         Output: i.f1
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: j.f1
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int2_tbl j
+               Output: j.f1
+(9 rows)
+
+select * from int4_tbl i left join
+  lateral (select * from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
+     f1      | f1 
+-------------+----
+           0 |  0
+      123456 |   
+     -123456 |   
+  2147483647 |   
+ -2147483647 |   
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl i left join
+  lateral (select coalesce(i) from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
+             QUERY PLAN              
+-------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: i.f1, (COALESCE(i.*))
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i
+         Output: i.f1, i.*
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int2_tbl j
+         Output: j.f1, COALESCE(i.*)
+         Filter: (i.f1 = j.f1)
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from int4_tbl i left join
+  lateral (select coalesce(i) from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
+     f1      | coalesce 
+-------------+----------
+           0 | (0)
+      123456 | 
+     -123456 | 
+  2147483647 | 
+ -2147483647 | 
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl a,
+  lateral (
+    select * from int4_tbl b left join int8_tbl c on (b.f1 = q1 and a.f1 = q2)
+  ) ss;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: a.f1, b.f1, c.q1, c.q2
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl a
+         Output: a.f1
+   ->  Hash Left Join
+         Output: b.f1, c.q1, c.q2
+         Hash Cond: (b.f1 = c.q1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl b
+               Output: b.f1
+         ->  Hash
+               Output: c.q1, c.q2
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl c
+                     Output: c.q1, c.q2
+                     Filter: (a.f1 = c.q2)
+(14 rows)
+
+select * from int4_tbl a,
+  lateral (
+    select * from int4_tbl b left join int8_tbl c on (b.f1 = q1 and a.f1 = q2)
+  ) ss;
+     f1      |     f1      | q1 | q2 
+-------------+-------------+----+----
+           0 |           0 |    |   
+           0 |      123456 |    |   
+           0 |     -123456 |    |   
+           0 |  2147483647 |    |   
+           0 | -2147483647 |    |   
+      123456 |           0 |    |   
+      123456 |      123456 |    |   
+      123456 |     -123456 |    |   
+      123456 |  2147483647 |    |   
+      123456 | -2147483647 |    |   
+     -123456 |           0 |    |   
+     -123456 |      123456 |    |   
+     -123456 |     -123456 |    |   
+     -123456 |  2147483647 |    |   
+     -123456 | -2147483647 |    |   
+  2147483647 |           0 |    |   
+  2147483647 |      123456 |    |   
+  2147483647 |     -123456 |    |   
+  2147483647 |  2147483647 |    |   
+  2147483647 | -2147483647 |    |   
+ -2147483647 |           0 |    |   
+ -2147483647 |      123456 |    |   
+ -2147483647 |     -123456 |    |   
+ -2147483647 |  2147483647 |    |   
+ -2147483647 | -2147483647 |    |   
+(25 rows)
+
+-- lateral reference in a PlaceHolderVar evaluated at join level
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join lateral
+  (select b.q1 as bq1, c.q1 as cq1, least(a.q1,b.q1,c.q1) from
+   int8_tbl b cross join int8_tbl c) ss
+  on a.q2 = ss.bq1;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, c.q1, (LEAST(a.q1, b.q1, c.q1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
+         Output: a.q1, a.q2
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Output: b.q1, c.q1, LEAST(a.q1, b.q1, c.q1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
+               Output: b.q1, b.q2
+               Filter: (a.q2 = b.q1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl c
+               Output: c.q1, c.q2
+(11 rows)
+
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join lateral
+  (select b.q1 as bq1, c.q1 as cq1, least(a.q1,b.q1,c.q1) from
+   int8_tbl b cross join int8_tbl c) ss
+  on a.q2 = ss.bq1;
+        q1        |        q2         |       bq1        |       cq1        |      least       
+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+              123 |               456 |                  |                  |                 
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |              123 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |              123 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |              123 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 |              123 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 |              123 | 4567890123456789 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |              123 |              123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 |                  |                  |                 
+(42 rows)
+
+-- case requiring nested PlaceHolderVars
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  int8_tbl c left join (
+    int8_tbl a left join (select q1, coalesce(q2,42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss1
+      on a.q2 = ss1.q1
+    cross join
+    lateral (select q1, coalesce(ss1.x,q2) as y from int8_tbl d) ss2
+  ) on c.q2 = ss2.q1,
+  lateral (select ss2.y offset 0) ss3;
+                                                                                     QUERY PLAN                                                                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: c.q1, c.q2, a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q1, (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2)), ((COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2)))
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Output: c.q1, c.q2, a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, d.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2))
+         Hash Cond: (d.q1 = c.q2)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, d.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2))
+               ->  Hash Left Join
+                     Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint))
+                     Hash Cond: (a.q2 = b.q1)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
+                           Output: a.q1, a.q2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           Output: b.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
+                                 Output: b.q1, COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl d
+                     Output: d.q1, COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2)
+         ->  Hash
+               Output: c.q1, c.q2
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl c
+                     Output: c.q1, c.q2
+   ->  Result
+         Output: (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, '42'::bigint)), d.q2))
+(24 rows)
+
+-- case that breaks the old ph_may_need optimization
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select c.*,a.*,ss1.q1,ss2.q1,ss3.* from
+  int8_tbl c left join (
+    int8_tbl a left join
+      (select q1, coalesce(q2,f1) as x from int8_tbl b, int4_tbl b2
+       where q1 < f1) ss1
+      on a.q2 = ss1.q1
+    cross join
+    lateral (select q1, coalesce(ss1.x,q2) as y from int8_tbl d) ss2
+  ) on c.q2 = ss2.q1,
+  lateral (select * from int4_tbl i where ss2.y > f1) ss3;
+                                               QUERY PLAN                                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: c.q1, c.q2, a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, d.q1, i.f1
+   Join Filter: ((COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint)), d.q2)) > i.f1)
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Output: c.q1, c.q2, a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, d.q1, (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint)), d.q2))
+         Hash Cond: (d.q1 = c.q2)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, d.q1, (COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint)), d.q2))
+               ->  Hash Right Join
+                     Output: a.q1, a.q2, b.q1, (COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint))
+                     Hash Cond: (b.q1 = a.q2)
+                     ->  Nested Loop
+                           Output: b.q1, COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint)
+                           Join Filter: (b.q1 < b2.f1)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl b
+                                 Output: b.q1, b.q2
+                           ->  Materialize
+                                 Output: b2.f1
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl b2
+                                       Output: b2.f1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           Output: a.q1, a.q2
+                           ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl a
+                                 Output: a.q1, a.q2
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl d
+                     Output: d.q1, COALESCE((COALESCE(b.q2, (b2.f1)::bigint)), d.q2)
+         ->  Hash
+               Output: c.q1, c.q2
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl c
+                     Output: c.q1, c.q2
+   ->  Materialize
+         Output: i.f1
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i
+               Output: i.f1
+(34 rows)
+
+-- check processing of postponed quals (bug #9041)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 1 as x offset 0) x cross join (select 2 as y offset 0) y
+  left join lateral (
+    select * from (select 3 as z offset 0) z where z.z = x.x
+  ) zz on zz.z = y.y;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: (1), (2), (3)
+   Join Filter: (((3) = (1)) AND ((3) = (2)))
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Output: (1), (2)
+         ->  Result
+               Output: 1
+         ->  Result
+               Output: 2
+   ->  Result
+         Output: 3
+(11 rows)
+
+-- check dummy rels with lateral references (bug #15694)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl i8 left join lateral
+  (select *, i8.q2 from int4_tbl where false) ss on true;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, f1, (i8.q2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+         Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+   ->  Result
+         Output: f1, i8.q2
+         One-Time Filter: false
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl i8 left join lateral
+  (select *, i8.q2 from int4_tbl i1, int4_tbl i2 where false) ss on true;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: i8.q1, i8.q2, f1, f1, (i8.q2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+         Output: i8.q1, i8.q2
+   ->  Result
+         Output: f1, f1, i8.q2
+         One-Time Filter: false
+(7 rows)
+
+-- check handling of nested appendrels inside LATERAL
+select * from
+  ((select 2 as v) union all (select 3 as v)) as q1
+  cross join lateral
+  ((select * from
+      ((select 4 as v) union all (select 5 as v)) as q3)
+   union all
+   (select q1.v)
+  ) as q2;
+ v | v 
+---+---
+ 2 | 4
+ 2 | 5
+ 2 | 2
+ 3 | 4
+ 3 | 5
+ 3 | 3
+(6 rows)
+
+-- check the number of columns specified
+SELECT * FROM (int8_tbl i cross join int4_tbl j) ss(a,b,c,d);
+ERROR:  join expression "ss" has 3 columns available but 4 columns specified
+-- check we don't try to do a unique-ified semijoin with LATERAL
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (values (0,9998), (1,1000)) v(id,x),
+  lateral (select f1 from int4_tbl
+           where f1 = any (select unique1 from tenk1
+                           where unique2 = v.x offset 0)) ss;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2, int4_tbl.f1
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+         Output: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+   ->  Nested Loop Semi Join
+         Output: int4_tbl.f1
+         Join Filter: (int4_tbl.f1 = tenk1.unique1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl
+               Output: int4_tbl.f1
+         ->  Materialize
+               Output: tenk1.unique1
+               ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on public.tenk1
+                     Output: tenk1.unique1
+                     Index Cond: (tenk1.unique2 = "*VALUES*".column2)
+(14 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (values (0,9998), (1,1000)) v(id,x),
+  lateral (select f1 from int4_tbl
+           where f1 = any (select unique1 from tenk1
+                           where unique2 = v.x offset 0)) ss;
+ id |  x   | f1 
+----+------+----
+  0 | 9998 |  0
+(1 row)
+
+-- check proper extParam/allParam handling (this isn't exactly a LATERAL issue,
+-- but we can make the test case much more compact with LATERAL)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from (values (0), (1)) v(id),
+lateral (select * from int8_tbl t1,
+         lateral (select * from
+                    (select * from int8_tbl t2
+                     where q1 = any (select q2 from int8_tbl t3
+                                     where q2 = (select greatest(t1.q1,t2.q2))
+                                       and (select v.id=0)) offset 0) ss2) ss
+         where t1.q1 = ss.q2) ss0;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "*VALUES*".column1, t1.q1, t1.q2, ss2.q1, ss2.q2
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl t1
+         Output: t1.q1, t1.q2
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Output: "*VALUES*".column1, ss2.q1, ss2.q2
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               Output: "*VALUES*".column1
+         ->  Subquery Scan on ss2
+               Output: ss2.q1, ss2.q2
+               Filter: (t1.q1 = ss2.q2)
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl t2
+                     Output: t2.q1, t2.q2
+                     Filter: (SubPlan 3)
+                     SubPlan 3
+                       ->  Result
+                             Output: t3.q2
+                             One-Time Filter: $4
+                             InitPlan 1 (returns $2)
+                               ->  Result
+                                     Output: GREATEST($0, t2.q2)
+                             InitPlan 2 (returns $4)
+                               ->  Result
+                                     Output: ($3 = 0)
+                             ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl t3
+                                   Output: t3.q1, t3.q2
+                                   Filter: (t3.q2 = $2)
+(27 rows)
+
+select * from (values (0), (1)) v(id),
+lateral (select * from int8_tbl t1,
+         lateral (select * from
+                    (select * from int8_tbl t2
+                     where q1 = any (select q2 from int8_tbl t3
+                                     where q2 = (select greatest(t1.q1,t2.q2))
+                                       and (select v.id=0)) offset 0) ss2) ss
+         where t1.q1 = ss.q2) ss0;
+ id |        q1        |        q2         |        q1        |        q2        
+----+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------
+  0 | 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+  0 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+  0 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+-- test some error cases where LATERAL should have been used but wasn't
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select f1 as g) ss;
+ERROR:  column "f1" does not exist
+LINE 1: select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select f1 as g) ss;
+                                             ^
+HINT:  There is a column named "f1" in table "a", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select a.f1 as g) ss;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "a"
+LINE 1: select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select a.f1 as g) ss;
+                                             ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "a", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a cross join (select f1 as g) ss;
+ERROR:  column "f1" does not exist
+LINE 1: select f1,g from int4_tbl a cross join (select f1 as g) ss;
+                                                       ^
+HINT:  There is a column named "f1" in table "a", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a cross join (select a.f1 as g) ss;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "a"
+LINE 1: select f1,g from int4_tbl a cross join (select a.f1 as g) ss...
+                                                       ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "a", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+-- SQL:2008 says the left table is in scope but illegal to access here
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a right join lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g on true;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "a"
+LINE 1: ... int4_tbl a right join lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g on...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  The combining JOIN type must be INNER or LEFT for a LATERAL reference.
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a full join lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g on true;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "a"
+LINE 1: ...m int4_tbl a full join lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g on...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  The combining JOIN type must be INNER or LEFT for a LATERAL reference.
+-- check we complain about ambiguous table references
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x cross join (int4_tbl x cross join lateral (select x.f1) ss);
+ERROR:  table reference "x" is ambiguous
+LINE 2: ...cross join (int4_tbl x cross join lateral (select x.f1) ss);
+                                                             ^
+-- LATERAL can be used to put an aggregate into the FROM clause of its query
+select 1 from tenk1 a, lateral (select max(a.unique1) from int4_tbl b) ss;
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FROM clause of their own query level
+LINE 1: select 1 from tenk1 a, lateral (select max(a.unique1) from i...
+                                               ^
+-- check behavior of LATERAL in UPDATE/DELETE
+create temp table xx1 as select f1 as x1, -f1 as x2 from int4_tbl;
+-- error, can't do this:
+update xx1 set x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+ERROR:  column "x1" does not exist
+LINE 1: ... set x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+                                                                ^
+HINT:  There is a column named "x1" in table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+update xx1 set x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "xx1"
+LINE 1: ...t x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+-- can't do it even with LATERAL:
+update xx1 set x2 = f1 from lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "xx1"
+LINE 1: ...= f1 from lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+                                                                ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+-- we might in future allow something like this, but for now it's an error:
+update xx1 set x2 = f1 from xx1, lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+ERROR:  table name "xx1" specified more than once
+-- also errors:
+delete from xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+ERROR:  column "x1" does not exist
+LINE 1: ...te from xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+                                                                ^
+HINT:  There is a column named "x1" in table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+delete from xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "xx1"
+LINE 1: ...from xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+delete from xx1 using lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "xx1"
+LINE 1: ...xx1 using lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+                                                                ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "xx1", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+--
+-- test LATERAL reference propagation down a multi-level inheritance hierarchy
+-- produced for a multi-level partitioned table hierarchy.
+--
+create table join_pt1 (a int, b int, c varchar) partition by range(a);
+create table join_pt1p1 partition of join_pt1 for values from (0) to (100) partition by range(b);
+create table join_pt1p2 partition of join_pt1 for values from (100) to (200);
+create table join_pt1p1p1 partition of join_pt1p1 for values from (0) to (100);
+insert into join_pt1 values (1, 1, 'x'), (101, 101, 'y');
+create table join_ut1 (a int, b int, c varchar);
+insert into join_ut1 values (101, 101, 'y'), (2, 2, 'z');
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.b, ss.phv from join_ut1 t1 left join lateral
+              (select t2.a as t2a, t3.a t3a, least(t1.a, t2.a, t3.a) phv
+					  from join_pt1 t2 join join_ut1 t3 on t2.a = t3.b) ss
+              on t1.a = ss.t2a order by t1.a;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Output: t1.b, (LEAST(t1.a, t2.a, t3.a)), t1.a
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Output: t1.b, (LEAST(t1.a, t2.a, t3.a)), t1.a
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.join_ut1 t1
+               Output: t1.a, t1.b, t1.c
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Output: t2.a, LEAST(t1.a, t2.a, t3.a)
+               Hash Cond: (t3.b = t2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.join_ut1 t3
+                     Output: t3.a, t3.b, t3.c
+               ->  Hash
+                     Output: t2.a
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Seq Scan on public.join_pt1p1p1 t2_1
+                                 Output: t2_1.a
+                                 Filter: (t1.a = t2_1.a)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on public.join_pt1p2 t2_2
+                                 Output: t2_2.a
+                                 Filter: (t1.a = t2_2.a)
+(21 rows)
+
+select t1.b, ss.phv from join_ut1 t1 left join lateral
+              (select t2.a as t2a, t3.a t3a, least(t1.a, t2.a, t3.a) phv
+					  from join_pt1 t2 join join_ut1 t3 on t2.a = t3.b) ss
+              on t1.a = ss.t2a order by t1.a;
+  b  | phv 
+-----+-----
+   2 |    
+ 101 | 101
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table join_pt1;
+drop table join_ut1;
+--
+-- test estimation behavior with multi-column foreign key and constant qual
+--
+begin;
+create table fkest (x integer, x10 integer, x10b integer, x100 integer);
+insert into fkest select x, x/10, x/10, x/100 from generate_series(1,1000) x;
+create unique index on fkest(x, x10, x100);
+analyze fkest;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from fkest f1
+  join fkest f2 on (f1.x = f2.x and f1.x10 = f2.x10b and f1.x100 = f2.x100)
+  join fkest f3 on f1.x = f3.x
+  where f1.x100 = 2;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: ((f2.x = f1.x) AND (f2.x10b = f1.x10))
+         ->  Seq Scan on fkest f2
+               Filter: (x100 = 2)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on fkest f1
+                     Filter: (x100 = 2)
+   ->  Index Scan using fkest_x_x10_x100_idx on fkest f3
+         Index Cond: (x = f1.x)
+(10 rows)
+
+alter table fkest add constraint fk
+  foreign key (x, x10b, x100) references fkest (x, x10, x100);
+explain (costs off)
+select * from fkest f1
+  join fkest f2 on (f1.x = f2.x and f1.x10 = f2.x10b and f1.x100 = f2.x100)
+  join fkest f3 on f1.x = f3.x
+  where f1.x100 = 2;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: ((f2.x = f1.x) AND (f2.x10b = f1.x10))
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (f3.x = f2.x)
+         ->  Seq Scan on fkest f3
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on fkest f2
+                     Filter: (x100 = 2)
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on fkest f1
+               Filter: (x100 = 2)
+(11 rows)
+
+rollback;
+--
+-- test that foreign key join estimation performs sanely for outer joins
+--
+begin;
+create table fkest (a int, b int, c int unique, primary key(a,b));
+create table fkest1 (a int, b int, primary key(a,b));
+insert into fkest select x/10, x%10, x from generate_series(1,1000) x;
+insert into fkest1 select x/10, x%10 from generate_series(1,1000) x;
+alter table fkest1
+  add constraint fkest1_a_b_fkey foreign key (a,b) references fkest;
+analyze fkest;
+analyze fkest1;
+explain (costs off)
+select *
+from fkest f
+  left join fkest1 f1 on f.a = f1.a and f.b = f1.b
+  left join fkest1 f2 on f.a = f2.a and f.b = f2.b
+  left join fkest1 f3 on f.a = f3.a and f.b = f3.b
+where f.c = 1;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Index Scan using fkest_c_key on fkest f
+                     Index Cond: (c = 1)
+               ->  Index Only Scan using fkest1_pkey on fkest1 f1
+                     Index Cond: ((a = f.a) AND (b = f.b))
+         ->  Index Only Scan using fkest1_pkey on fkest1 f2
+               Index Cond: ((a = f.a) AND (b = f.b))
+   ->  Index Only Scan using fkest1_pkey on fkest1 f3
+         Index Cond: ((a = f.a) AND (b = f.b))
+(11 rows)
+
+rollback;
+--
+-- test planner's ability to mark joins as unique
+--
+create table j1 (id int primary key);
+create table j2 (id int primary key);
+create table j3 (id int);
+insert into j1 values(1),(2),(3);
+insert into j2 values(1),(2),(3);
+insert into j3 values(1),(1);
+analyze j1;
+analyze j2;
+analyze j3;
+-- ensure join is properly marked as unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 inner join j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Output: j1.id, j2.id
+   Inner Unique: true
+   Hash Cond: (j1.id = j2.id)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: j2.id
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+               Output: j2.id
+(10 rows)
+
+-- ensure join is not unique when not an equi-join
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 inner join j2 on j1.id > j2.id;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: j1.id, j2.id
+   Join Filter: (j1.id > j2.id)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id
+   ->  Materialize
+         Output: j2.id
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+               Output: j2.id
+(9 rows)
+
+-- ensure non-unique rel is not chosen as inner
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 inner join j3 on j1.id = j3.id;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Output: j1.id, j3.id
+   Inner Unique: true
+   Hash Cond: (j3.id = j1.id)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j3
+         Output: j3.id
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: j1.id
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+               Output: j1.id
+(10 rows)
+
+-- ensure left join is marked as unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 left join j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Hash Left Join
+   Output: j1.id, j2.id
+   Inner Unique: true
+   Hash Cond: (j1.id = j2.id)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: j2.id
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+               Output: j2.id
+(10 rows)
+
+-- ensure right join is marked as unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 right join j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Hash Left Join
+   Output: j1.id, j2.id
+   Inner Unique: true
+   Hash Cond: (j2.id = j1.id)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+         Output: j2.id
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: j1.id
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+               Output: j1.id
+(10 rows)
+
+-- ensure full join is marked as unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 full join j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Hash Full Join
+   Output: j1.id, j2.id
+   Inner Unique: true
+   Hash Cond: (j1.id = j2.id)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: j2.id
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+               Output: j2.id
+(10 rows)
+
+-- a clauseless (cross) join can't be unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 cross join j2;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: j1.id, j2.id
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id
+   ->  Materialize
+         Output: j2.id
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+               Output: j2.id
+(8 rows)
+
+-- ensure a natural join is marked as unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 natural join j2;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Output: j1.id
+   Inner Unique: true
+   Hash Cond: (j1.id = j2.id)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: j2.id
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+               Output: j2.id
+(10 rows)
+
+-- ensure a distinct clause allows the inner to become unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join (select distinct id from j3) j3 on j1.id = j3.id;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: j1.id, j3.id
+   Inner Unique: true
+   Join Filter: (j1.id = j3.id)
+   ->  Unique
+         Output: j3.id
+         ->  Sort
+               Output: j3.id
+               Sort Key: j3.id
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.j3
+                     Output: j3.id
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id
+(13 rows)
+
+-- ensure group by clause allows the inner to become unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join (select id from j3 group by id) j3 on j1.id = j3.id;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: j1.id, j3.id
+   Inner Unique: true
+   Join Filter: (j1.id = j3.id)
+   ->  Group
+         Output: j3.id
+         Group Key: j3.id
+         ->  Sort
+               Output: j3.id
+               Sort Key: j3.id
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.j3
+                     Output: j3.id
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id
+(14 rows)
+
+drop table j1;
+drop table j2;
+drop table j3;
+-- test more complex permutations of unique joins
+create table j1 (id1 int, id2 int, primary key(id1,id2));
+create table j2 (id1 int, id2 int, primary key(id1,id2));
+create table j3 (id1 int, id2 int, primary key(id1,id2));
+insert into j1 values(1,1),(1,2);
+insert into j2 values(1,1);
+insert into j3 values(1,1);
+analyze j1;
+analyze j2;
+analyze j3;
+-- ensure there's no unique join when not all columns which are part of the
+-- unique index are seen in the join clause
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: j1.id1, j1.id2, j2.id1, j2.id2
+   Join Filter: (j1.id1 = j2.id1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+         Output: j2.id1, j2.id2
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id1, j1.id2
+(7 rows)
+
+-- ensure proper unique detection with multiple join quals
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: j1.id1, j1.id2, j2.id1, j2.id2
+   Inner Unique: true
+   Join Filter: ((j1.id1 = j2.id1) AND (j1.id2 = j2.id2))
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+         Output: j2.id1, j2.id2
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id1, j1.id2
+(8 rows)
+
+-- ensure we don't detect the join to be unique when quals are not part of the
+-- join condition
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 where j1.id2 = 1;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: j1.id1, j1.id2, j2.id1, j2.id2
+   Join Filter: (j1.id1 = j2.id1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id1, j1.id2
+         Filter: (j1.id2 = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+         Output: j2.id1, j2.id2
+(8 rows)
+
+-- as above, but for left joins.
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+left join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 where j1.id2 = 1;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   Output: j1.id1, j1.id2, j2.id1, j2.id2
+   Join Filter: (j1.id1 = j2.id1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id1, j1.id2
+         Filter: (j1.id2 = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+         Output: j2.id1, j2.id2
+(8 rows)
+
+create unique index j1_id2_idx on j1(id2) where id2 is not null;
+-- ensure we don't use a partial unique index as unique proofs
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id2 = j2.id2;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: j1.id1, j1.id2, j2.id1, j2.id2
+   Join Filter: (j1.id2 = j2.id2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j2
+         Output: j2.id1, j2.id2
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.j1
+         Output: j1.id1, j1.id2
+(7 rows)
+
+drop index j1_id2_idx;
+-- validate logic in merge joins which skips mark and restore.
+-- it should only do this if all quals which were used to detect the unique
+-- are present as join quals, and not plain quals.
+set enable_nestloop to 0;
+set enable_hashjoin to 0;
+set enable_sort to 0;
+-- create indexes that will be preferred over the PKs to perform the join
+create index j1_id1_idx on j1 (id1) where id1 % 1000 = 1;
+create index j2_id1_idx on j2 (id1) where id1 % 1000 = 1;
+-- need an additional row in j2, if we want j2_id1_idx to be preferred
+insert into j2 values(1,2);
+analyze j2;
+explain (costs off) select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Merge Join
+   Merge Cond: (j1.id1 = j2.id1)
+   Join Filter: (j1.id2 = j2.id2)
+   ->  Index Scan using j1_id1_idx on j1
+   ->  Index Scan using j2_id1_idx on j2
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1;
+ id1 | id2 | id1 | id2 
+-----+-----+-----+-----
+   1 |   1 |   1 |   1
+   1 |   2 |   1 |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Exercise array keys mark/restore B-Tree code
+explain (costs off) select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 = any (array[1]);
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Join
+   Merge Cond: (j1.id1 = j2.id1)
+   Join Filter: (j1.id2 = j2.id2)
+   ->  Index Scan using j1_id1_idx on j1
+   ->  Index Scan using j2_id1_idx on j2
+         Index Cond: (id1 = ANY ('{1}'::integer[]))
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 = any (array[1]);
+ id1 | id2 | id1 | id2 
+-----+-----+-----+-----
+   1 |   1 |   1 |   1
+   1 |   2 |   1 |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Exercise array keys "find extreme element" B-Tree code
+explain (costs off) select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 >= any (array[1,5]);
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Join
+   Merge Cond: (j1.id1 = j2.id1)
+   Join Filter: (j1.id2 = j2.id2)
+   ->  Index Scan using j1_id1_idx on j1
+   ->  Index Only Scan using j2_pkey on j2
+         Index Cond: (id1 >= ANY ('{1,5}'::integer[]))
+         Filter: ((id1 % 1000) = 1)
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 >= any (array[1,5]);
+ id1 | id2 | id1 | id2 
+-----+-----+-----+-----
+   1 |   1 |   1 |   1
+   1 |   2 |   1 |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+reset enable_nestloop;
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_sort;
+drop table j1;
+drop table j2;
+drop table j3;
+-- check that semijoin inner is not seen as unique for a portion of the outerrel
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.unique1, t2.hundred
+from onek t1, tenk1 t2
+where exists (select 1 from tenk1 t3
+              where t3.thousand = t1.unique1 and t3.tenthous = t2.hundred)
+      and t1.unique1 < 1;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: t1.unique1, t2.hundred
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Output: t1.unique1, t3.tenthous
+         Hash Cond: (t3.thousand = t1.unique1)
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Output: t3.thousand, t3.tenthous
+               Group Key: t3.thousand, t3.tenthous
+               ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on public.tenk1 t3
+                     Output: t3.thousand, t3.tenthous
+         ->  Hash
+               Output: t1.unique1
+               ->  Index Only Scan using onek_unique1 on public.onek t1
+                     Output: t1.unique1
+                     Index Cond: (t1.unique1 < 1)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_hundred on public.tenk1 t2
+         Output: t2.hundred
+         Index Cond: (t2.hundred = t3.tenthous)
+(18 rows)
+
+-- ... unless it actually is unique
+create table j3 as select unique1, tenthous from onek;
+vacuum analyze j3;
+create unique index on j3(unique1, tenthous);
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.unique1, t2.hundred
+from onek t1, tenk1 t2
+where exists (select 1 from j3
+              where j3.unique1 = t1.unique1 and j3.tenthous = t2.hundred)
+      and t1.unique1 < 1;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: t1.unique1, t2.hundred
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Output: t1.unique1, j3.tenthous
+         ->  Index Only Scan using onek_unique1 on public.onek t1
+               Output: t1.unique1
+               Index Cond: (t1.unique1 < 1)
+         ->  Index Only Scan using j3_unique1_tenthous_idx on public.j3
+               Output: j3.unique1, j3.tenthous
+               Index Cond: (j3.unique1 = t1.unique1)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_hundred on public.tenk1 t2
+         Output: t2.hundred
+         Index Cond: (t2.hundred = j3.tenthous)
+(13 rows)
+
+drop table j3;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/join_hash.out b/src/test/regress/expected/join_hash.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9eb678
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/join_hash.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1069 @@
+--
+-- exercises for the hash join code
+--
+begin;
+set local min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set local parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set local enable_hashjoin = on;
+-- Extract bucket and batch counts from an explain analyze plan.  In
+-- general we can't make assertions about how many batches (or
+-- buckets) will be required because it can vary, but we can in some
+-- special cases and we can check for growth.
+create or replace function find_hash(node json)
+returns json language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  x json;
+  child json;
+begin
+  if node->>'Node Type' = 'Hash' then
+    return node;
+  else
+    for child in select json_array_elements(node->'Plans')
+    loop
+      x := find_hash(child);
+      if x is not null then
+        return x;
+      end if;
+    end loop;
+    return null;
+  end if;
+end;
+$$;
+create or replace function hash_join_batches(query text)
+returns table (original int, final int) language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  whole_plan json;
+  hash_node json;
+begin
+  for whole_plan in
+    execute 'explain (analyze, format ''json'') ' || query
+  loop
+    hash_node := find_hash(json_extract_path(whole_plan, '0', 'Plan'));
+    original := hash_node->>'Original Hash Batches';
+    final := hash_node->>'Hash Batches';
+    return next;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+-- Make a simple relation with well distributed keys and correctly
+-- estimated size.
+create table simple as
+  select generate_series(1, 20000) AS id, 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa';
+alter table simple set (parallel_workers = 2);
+analyze simple;
+-- Make a relation whose size we will under-estimate.  We want stats
+-- to say 1000 rows, but actually there are 20,000 rows.
+create table bigger_than_it_looks as
+  select generate_series(1, 20000) as id, 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa';
+alter table bigger_than_it_looks set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+alter table bigger_than_it_looks set (parallel_workers = 2);
+analyze bigger_than_it_looks;
+update pg_class set reltuples = 1000 where relname = 'bigger_than_it_looks';
+-- Make a relation whose size we underestimate and that also has a
+-- kind of skew that breaks our batching scheme.  We want stats to say
+-- 2 rows, but actually there are 20,000 rows with the same key.
+create table extremely_skewed (id int, t text);
+alter table extremely_skewed set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+alter table extremely_skewed set (parallel_workers = 2);
+analyze extremely_skewed;
+insert into extremely_skewed
+  select 42 as id, 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
+  from generate_series(1, 20000);
+update pg_class
+  set reltuples = 2, relpages = pg_relation_size('extremely_skewed') / 8192
+  where relname = 'extremely_skewed';
+-- Make a relation with a couple of enormous tuples.
+create table wide as select generate_series(1, 2) as id, rpad('', 320000, 'x') as t;
+alter table wide set (parallel_workers = 2);
+-- The "optimal" case: the hash table fits in memory; we plan for 1
+-- batch, we stick to that number, and peak memory usage stays within
+-- our work_mem budget
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+set local work_mem = '4MB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+         ->  Seq Scan on simple r
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on simple s
+(6 rows)
+
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+ initially_multibatch | increased_batches 
+----------------------+-------------------
+ f                    | f
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- parallel with parallel-oblivious hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '4MB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on simple r
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on simple s
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+ initially_multibatch | increased_batches 
+----------------------+-------------------
+ f                    | f
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- parallel with parallel-aware hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '4MB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = on;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on simple r
+                     ->  Parallel Hash
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on simple s
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+ initially_multibatch | increased_batches 
+----------------------+-------------------
+ f                    | f
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- The "good" case: batches required, but we plan the right number; we
+-- plan for some number of batches, and we stick to that number, and
+-- peak memory usage says within our work_mem budget
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+         ->  Seq Scan on simple r
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on simple s
+(6 rows)
+
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+ initially_multibatch | increased_batches 
+----------------------+-------------------
+ t                    | f
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- parallel with parallel-oblivious hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on simple r
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on simple s
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+ initially_multibatch | increased_batches 
+----------------------+-------------------
+ t                    | f
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- parallel with parallel-aware hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '192kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = on;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on simple r
+                     ->  Parallel Hash
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on simple s
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+ initially_multibatch | increased_batches 
+----------------------+-------------------
+ t                    | f
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- The "bad" case: during execution we need to increase number of
+-- batches; in this case we plan for 1 batch, and increase at least a
+-- couple of times, and peak memory usage stays within our work_mem
+-- budget
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) FROM simple r JOIN bigger_than_it_looks s USING (id);
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+         ->  Seq Scan on simple r
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on bigger_than_it_looks s
+(6 rows)
+
+select count(*) FROM simple r JOIN bigger_than_it_looks s USING (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) FROM simple r JOIN bigger_than_it_looks s USING (id);
+$$);
+ initially_multibatch | increased_batches 
+----------------------+-------------------
+ f                    | t
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- parallel with parallel-oblivious hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on simple r
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on bigger_than_it_looks s
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+$$);
+ initially_multibatch | increased_batches 
+----------------------+-------------------
+ f                    | t
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- parallel with parallel-aware hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 1;
+set local work_mem = '192kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = on;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 1
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on simple r
+                     ->  Parallel Hash
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on bigger_than_it_looks s
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+$$);
+ initially_multibatch | increased_batches 
+----------------------+-------------------
+ f                    | t
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- The "ugly" case: increasing the number of batches during execution
+-- doesn't help, so stop trying to fit in work_mem and hope for the
+-- best; in this case we plan for 1 batch, increases just once and
+-- then stop increasing because that didn't help at all, so we blow
+-- right through the work_mem budget and hope for the best...
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+         ->  Seq Scan on simple r
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on extremely_skewed s
+(6 rows)
+
+select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select * from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+$$);
+ original | final 
+----------+-------
+        1 |     2
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- parallel with parallel-oblivious hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on simple r
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on extremely_skewed s
+(8 rows)
+
+select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select * from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+$$);
+ original | final 
+----------+-------
+        1 |     2
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- parallel with parallel-aware hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 1;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = on;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 1
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on simple r
+                     ->  Parallel Hash
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on extremely_skewed s
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+select * from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+$$);
+ original | final 
+----------+-------
+        1 |     4
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- A couple of other hash join tests unrelated to work_mem management.
+-- Check that EXPLAIN ANALYZE has data even if the leader doesn't participate
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '4MB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local parallel_leader_participation = off;
+select * from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+ original | final 
+----------+-------
+        1 |     1
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- Exercise rescans.  We'll turn off parallel_leader_participation so
+-- that we can check that instrumentation comes back correctly.
+create table join_foo as select generate_series(1, 3) as id, 'xxxxx'::text as t;
+alter table join_foo set (parallel_workers = 0);
+create table join_bar as select generate_series(1, 10000) as id, 'xxxxx'::text as t;
+alter table join_bar set (parallel_workers = 2);
+-- multi-batch with rescan, parallel-oblivious
+savepoint settings;
+set enable_parallel_hash = off;
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set enable_material = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+set work_mem = '64kB';
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Join Filter: ((join_foo.id < (b1.id + 1)) AND (join_foo.id > (b1.id - 1)))
+         ->  Seq Scan on join_foo
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (b1.id = b2.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on join_bar b1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on join_bar b2
+(11 rows)
+
+select count(*) from join_foo
+  left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+  on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+select final > 1 as multibatch
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+$$);
+ multibatch 
+------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- single-batch with rescan, parallel-oblivious
+savepoint settings;
+set enable_parallel_hash = off;
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set enable_material = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+set work_mem = '4MB';
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Join Filter: ((join_foo.id < (b1.id + 1)) AND (join_foo.id > (b1.id - 1)))
+         ->  Seq Scan on join_foo
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (b1.id = b2.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on join_bar b1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on join_bar b2
+(11 rows)
+
+select count(*) from join_foo
+  left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+  on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+select final > 1 as multibatch
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+$$);
+ multibatch 
+------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- multi-batch with rescan, parallel-aware
+savepoint settings;
+set enable_parallel_hash = on;
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set enable_material = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+set work_mem = '64kB';
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Join Filter: ((join_foo.id < (b1.id + 1)) AND (join_foo.id > (b1.id - 1)))
+         ->  Seq Scan on join_foo
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Parallel Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (b1.id = b2.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on join_bar b1
+                     ->  Parallel Hash
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on join_bar b2
+(11 rows)
+
+select count(*) from join_foo
+  left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+  on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+select final > 1 as multibatch
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+$$);
+ multibatch 
+------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- single-batch with rescan, parallel-aware
+savepoint settings;
+set enable_parallel_hash = on;
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set enable_material = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+set work_mem = '4MB';
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Join Filter: ((join_foo.id < (b1.id + 1)) AND (join_foo.id > (b1.id - 1)))
+         ->  Seq Scan on join_foo
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Parallel Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (b1.id = b2.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on join_bar b1
+                     ->  Parallel Hash
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on join_bar b2
+(11 rows)
+
+select count(*) from join_foo
+  left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+  on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+select final > 1 as multibatch
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+$$);
+ multibatch 
+------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- A full outer join where every record is matched.
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+     select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s using (id);
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+         ->  Seq Scan on simple r
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on simple s
+(6 rows)
+
+select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- parallelism not possible with parallel-oblivious outer hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+explain (costs off)
+     select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s using (id);
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: (r.id = s.id)
+         ->  Seq Scan on simple r
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on simple s
+(6 rows)
+
+select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s using (id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 20000
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- An full outer join where every record is not matched.
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+     select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s on (r.id = 0 - s.id);
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: ((0 - s.id) = r.id)
+         ->  Seq Scan on simple s
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on simple r
+(6 rows)
+
+select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s on (r.id = 0 - s.id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 40000
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- parallelism not possible with parallel-oblivious outer hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+explain (costs off)
+     select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s on (r.id = 0 - s.id);
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: ((0 - s.id) = r.id)
+         ->  Seq Scan on simple s
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on simple r
+(6 rows)
+
+select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s on (r.id = 0 - s.id);
+ count 
+-------
+ 40000
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+-- exercise special code paths for huge tuples (note use of non-strict
+-- expression and left join required to get the detoasted tuple into
+-- the hash table)
+-- parallel with parallel-aware hash join (hits ExecParallelHashLoadTuple and
+-- sts_puttuple oversized tuple cases because it's multi-batch)
+savepoint settings;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set enable_parallel_hash = on;
+set work_mem = '128kB';
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select length(max(s.t))
+  from wide left join (select id, coalesce(t, '') || '' as t from wide) s using (id);
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Hash Left Join
+                     Hash Cond: (wide.id = wide_1.id)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on wide
+                     ->  Parallel Hash
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on wide wide_1
+(9 rows)
+
+select length(max(s.t))
+from wide left join (select id, coalesce(t, '') || '' as t from wide) s using (id);
+ length 
+--------
+ 320000
+(1 row)
+
+select final > 1 as multibatch
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select length(max(s.t))
+  from wide left join (select id, coalesce(t, '') || '' as t from wide) s using (id);
+$$);
+ multibatch 
+------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to settings;
+rollback;
+-- Verify that hash key expressions reference the correct
+-- nodes. Hashjoin's hashkeys need to reference its outer plan, Hash's
+-- need to reference Hash's outer plan (which is below HashJoin's
+-- inner plan). It's not trivial to verify that the references are
+-- correct (we don't display the hashkeys themselves), but if the
+-- hashkeys contain subplan references, those will be displayed. Force
+-- subplans to appear just about everywhere.
+--
+-- Bug report:
+-- https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAPpHfdvGVegF_TKKRiBrSmatJL2dR9uwFCuR%2BteQ_8tEXU8mxg%40mail.gmail.com
+--
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_sort = OFF; -- avoid mergejoins
+SET LOCAL from_collapse_limit = 1; -- allows easy changing of join order
+CREATE TABLE hjtest_1 (a text, b int, id int, c bool);
+CREATE TABLE hjtest_2 (a bool, id int, b text, c int);
+INSERT INTO hjtest_1(a, b, id, c) VALUES ('text', 2, 1, false); -- matches
+INSERT INTO hjtest_1(a, b, id, c) VALUES ('text', 1, 2, false); -- fails id join condition
+INSERT INTO hjtest_1(a, b, id, c) VALUES ('text', 20, 1, false); -- fails < 50
+INSERT INTO hjtest_1(a, b, id, c) VALUES ('text', 1, 1, false); -- fails (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+INSERT INTO hjtest_2(a, id, b, c) VALUES (true, 1, 'another', 2); -- matches
+INSERT INTO hjtest_2(a, id, b, c) VALUES (true, 3, 'another', 7); -- fails id join condition
+INSERT INTO hjtest_2(a, id, b, c) VALUES (true, 1, 'another', 90);  -- fails < 55
+INSERT INTO hjtest_2(a, id, b, c) VALUES (true, 1, 'another', 3); -- fails (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+INSERT INTO hjtest_2(a, id, b, c) VALUES (true, 1, 'text', 1); --  fails hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE)
+SELECT hjtest_1.a a1, hjtest_2.a a2,hjtest_1.tableoid::regclass t1, hjtest_2.tableoid::regclass t2
+FROM hjtest_1, hjtest_2
+WHERE
+    hjtest_1.id = (SELECT 1 WHERE hjtest_2.id = 1)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) < 50
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_2.c * 5) < 55
+    AND hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                           
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Output: hjtest_1.a, hjtest_2.a, (hjtest_1.tableoid)::regclass, (hjtest_2.tableoid)::regclass
+   Hash Cond: ((hjtest_1.id = (SubPlan 1)) AND ((SubPlan 2) = (SubPlan 3)))
+   Join Filter: (hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.hjtest_1
+         Output: hjtest_1.a, hjtest_1.tableoid, hjtest_1.id, hjtest_1.b
+         Filter: ((SubPlan 4) < 50)
+         SubPlan 4
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: (hjtest_1.b * 5)
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: hjtest_2.a, hjtest_2.tableoid, hjtest_2.id, hjtest_2.c, hjtest_2.b
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.hjtest_2
+               Output: hjtest_2.a, hjtest_2.tableoid, hjtest_2.id, hjtest_2.c, hjtest_2.b
+               Filter: ((SubPlan 5) < 55)
+               SubPlan 5
+                 ->  Result
+                       Output: (hjtest_2.c * 5)
+         SubPlan 1
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: 1
+                 One-Time Filter: (hjtest_2.id = 1)
+         SubPlan 3
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: (hjtest_2.c * 5)
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Result
+           Output: (hjtest_1.b * 5)
+(28 rows)
+
+SELECT hjtest_1.a a1, hjtest_2.a a2,hjtest_1.tableoid::regclass t1, hjtest_2.tableoid::regclass t2
+FROM hjtest_1, hjtest_2
+WHERE
+    hjtest_1.id = (SELECT 1 WHERE hjtest_2.id = 1)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) < 50
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_2.c * 5) < 55
+    AND hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b;
+  a1  | a2 |    t1    |    t2    
+------+----+----------+----------
+ text | t  | hjtest_1 | hjtest_2
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE)
+SELECT hjtest_1.a a1, hjtest_2.a a2,hjtest_1.tableoid::regclass t1, hjtest_2.tableoid::regclass t2
+FROM hjtest_2, hjtest_1
+WHERE
+    hjtest_1.id = (SELECT 1 WHERE hjtest_2.id = 1)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) < 50
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_2.c * 5) < 55
+    AND hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                           
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Output: hjtest_1.a, hjtest_2.a, (hjtest_1.tableoid)::regclass, (hjtest_2.tableoid)::regclass
+   Hash Cond: (((SubPlan 1) = hjtest_1.id) AND ((SubPlan 3) = (SubPlan 2)))
+   Join Filter: (hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.hjtest_2
+         Output: hjtest_2.a, hjtest_2.tableoid, hjtest_2.id, hjtest_2.c, hjtest_2.b
+         Filter: ((SubPlan 5) < 55)
+         SubPlan 5
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: (hjtest_2.c * 5)
+   ->  Hash
+         Output: hjtest_1.a, hjtest_1.tableoid, hjtest_1.id, hjtest_1.b
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.hjtest_1
+               Output: hjtest_1.a, hjtest_1.tableoid, hjtest_1.id, hjtest_1.b
+               Filter: ((SubPlan 4) < 50)
+               SubPlan 4
+                 ->  Result
+                       Output: (hjtest_1.b * 5)
+         SubPlan 2
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: (hjtest_1.b * 5)
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Result
+           Output: 1
+           One-Time Filter: (hjtest_2.id = 1)
+   SubPlan 3
+     ->  Result
+           Output: (hjtest_2.c * 5)
+(28 rows)
+
+SELECT hjtest_1.a a1, hjtest_2.a a2,hjtest_1.tableoid::regclass t1, hjtest_2.tableoid::regclass t2
+FROM hjtest_2, hjtest_1
+WHERE
+    hjtest_1.id = (SELECT 1 WHERE hjtest_2.id = 1)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) < 50
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_2.c * 5) < 55
+    AND hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b;
+  a1  | a2 |    t1    |    t2    
+------+----+----------+----------
+ text | t  | hjtest_1 | hjtest_2
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Verify that we behave sanely when the inner hash keys contain parameters
+-- (that is, outer or lateral references).  This situation has to defeat
+-- re-use of the inner hash table across rescans.
+begin;
+set local enable_hashjoin = on;
+explain (costs off)
+select i8.q2, ss.* from
+int8_tbl i8,
+lateral (select t1.fivethous, i4.f1 from tenk1 t1 join int4_tbl i4
+         on t1.fivethous = i4.f1+i8.q2 order by 1,2) ss;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl i8
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: t1.fivethous, i4.f1
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1.fivethous = (i4.f1 + i8.q2))
+               ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 t1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i4
+(9 rows)
+
+select i8.q2, ss.* from
+int8_tbl i8,
+lateral (select t1.fivethous, i4.f1 from tenk1 t1 join int4_tbl i4
+         on t1.fivethous = i4.f1+i8.q2 order by 1,2) ss;
+ q2  | fivethous | f1 
+-----+-----------+----
+ 456 |       456 |  0
+ 456 |       456 |  0
+ 123 |       123 |  0
+ 123 |       123 |  0
+(4 rows)
+
+rollback;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/json.out b/src/test/regress/expected/json.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9d6e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/json.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2638 @@
+-- Strings.
+SELECT '""'::json;				-- OK.
+ json 
+------
+ ""
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT $$''$$::json;			-- ERROR, single quotes are not allowed
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT $$''$$::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "'" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: '...
+SELECT '"abc"'::json;			-- OK
+ json  
+-------
+ "abc"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '"abc'::json;			-- ERROR, quotes not closed
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"abc'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token ""abc" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "abc
+SELECT '"abc
+def"'::json;					-- ERROR, unescaped newline in string constant
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"abc
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Character with value 0x0a must be escaped.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "abc
+SELECT '"\n\"\\"'::json;		-- OK, legal escapes
+   json   
+----------
+ "\n\"\\"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '"\v"'::json;			-- ERROR, not a valid JSON escape
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\v"'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Escape sequence "\v" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\v...
+-- see json_encoding test for input with unicode escapes
+-- Numbers.
+SELECT '1'::json;				-- OK
+ json 
+------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0'::json;				-- OK
+ json 
+------
+ 0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '01'::json;				-- ERROR, not valid according to JSON spec
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '01'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "01" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: 01
+SELECT '0.1'::json;				-- OK
+ json 
+------
+ 0.1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '9223372036854775808'::json;	-- OK, even though it's too large for int8
+        json         
+---------------------
+ 9223372036854775808
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1e100'::json;			-- OK
+ json  
+-------
+ 1e100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1.3e100'::json;			-- OK
+  json   
+---------
+ 1.3e100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1f2'::json;				-- ERROR
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '1f2'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "1f2" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: 1f2
+SELECT '0.x1'::json;			-- ERROR
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '0.x1'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "0.x1" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: 0.x1
+SELECT '1.3ex100'::json;		-- ERROR
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '1.3ex100'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "1.3ex100" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: 1.3ex100
+-- Arrays.
+SELECT '[]'::json;				-- OK
+ json 
+------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]'::json;  -- OK
+                                                                                                   json                                                                                                   
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1,2]'::json;			-- OK
+ json  
+-------
+ [1,2]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1,2,]'::json;			-- ERROR, trailing comma
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,]'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected JSON value, but found "]".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: [1,2,]
+SELECT '[1,2'::json;			-- ERROR, no closing bracket
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  The input string ended unexpectedly.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: [1,2
+SELECT '[1,[2]'::json;			-- ERROR, no closing bracket
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1,[2]'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  The input string ended unexpectedly.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: [1,[2]
+-- Objects.
+SELECT '{}'::json;				-- OK
+ json 
+------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"abc"}'::json;			-- ERROR, no value
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc"}'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected ":", but found "}".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc"}
+SELECT '{"abc":1}'::json;		-- OK
+   json    
+-----------
+ {"abc":1}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{1:"abc"}'::json;		-- ERROR, keys must be strings
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{1:"abc"}'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected string or "}", but found "1".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {1...
+SELECT '{"abc",1}'::json;		-- ERROR, wrong separator
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc",1}'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected ":", but found ",".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc",...
+SELECT '{"abc"=1}'::json;		-- ERROR, totally wrong separator
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc"=1}'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "=" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc"=...
+SELECT '{"abc"::1}'::json;		-- ERROR, another wrong separator
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc"::1}'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected JSON value, but found ":".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc"::...
+SELECT '{"abc":1,"def":2,"ghi":[3,4],"hij":{"klm":5,"nop":[6]}}'::json; -- OK
+                          json                           
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ {"abc":1,"def":2,"ghi":[3,4],"hij":{"klm":5,"nop":[6]}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"abc":1:2}'::json;		-- ERROR, colon in wrong spot
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc":1:2}'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected "," or "}", but found ":".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc":1:...
+SELECT '{"abc":1,3}'::json;		-- ERROR, no value
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc":1,3}'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected string, but found "3".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc":1,3...
+-- Recursion.
+SET max_stack_depth = '100kB';
+SELECT repeat('[', 10000)::json;
+ERROR:  stack depth limit exceeded
+HINT:  Increase the configuration parameter "max_stack_depth" (currently 100kB), after ensuring the platform's stack depth limit is adequate.
+SELECT repeat('{"a":', 10000)::json;
+ERROR:  stack depth limit exceeded
+HINT:  Increase the configuration parameter "max_stack_depth" (currently 100kB), after ensuring the platform's stack depth limit is adequate.
+RESET max_stack_depth;
+-- Miscellaneous stuff.
+SELECT 'true'::json;			-- OK
+ json 
+------
+ true
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'false'::json;			-- OK
+ json  
+-------
+ false
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'null'::json;			-- OK
+ json 
+------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ' true '::json;			-- OK, even with extra whitespace
+  json  
+--------
+  true 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'true false'::json;		-- ERROR, too many values
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT 'true false'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected end of input, but found "false".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: true false
+SELECT 'true, false'::json;		-- ERROR, too many values
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT 'true, false'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected end of input, but found ",".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: true,...
+SELECT 'truf'::json;			-- ERROR, not a keyword
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT 'truf'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "truf" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: truf
+SELECT 'trues'::json;			-- ERROR, not a keyword
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT 'trues'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "trues" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: trues
+SELECT ''::json;				-- ERROR, no value
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT ''::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  The input string ended unexpectedly.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: 
+SELECT '    '::json;			-- ERROR, no value
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '    '::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  The input string ended unexpectedly.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1:     
+-- Multi-line JSON input to check ERROR reporting
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":"two",
+		"three":
+		true}'::json; -- OK
+             json             
+------------------------------
+ {                           +
+                 "one": 1,   +
+                 "two":"two",+
+                 "three":    +
+                 true}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":,"two",  -- ERROR extraneous comma before field "two"
+		"three":
+		true}'::json;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected JSON value, but found ",".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 3: 		"two":,...
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":"two",
+		"averyveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryverylongfieldname":}'::json;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected JSON value, but found "}".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 4: ...yveryveryveryveryveryveryveryverylongfieldname":}
+-- ERROR missing value for last field
+--constructors
+-- array_to_json
+SELECT array_to_json(array(select 1 as a));
+ array_to_json 
+---------------
+ [1]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(q),false) from (select x as b, x * 2 as c from generate_series(1,3) x) q;
+                array_to_json                
+---------------------------------------------
+ [{"b":1,"c":2},{"b":2,"c":4},{"b":3,"c":6}]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(q),true) from (select x as b, x * 2 as c from generate_series(1,3) x) q;
+  array_to_json  
+-----------------
+ [{"b":1,"c":2},+
+  {"b":2,"c":4},+
+  {"b":3,"c":6}]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(q),false)
+  FROM ( SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b, y AS c,
+               ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]),
+               ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z
+         FROM generate_series(1,2) x,
+              generate_series(4,5) y) q;
+                                                                                                                                 array_to_json                                                                                                                                 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [{"b":"a1","c":4,"z":[{"f1":1,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":4,"f2":[4,5,6]}]},{"b":"a1","c":5,"z":[{"f1":1,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":5,"f2":[4,5,6]}]},{"b":"a2","c":4,"z":[{"f1":2,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":4,"f2":[4,5,6]}]},{"b":"a2","c":5,"z":[{"f1":2,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":5,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(x),false) from generate_series(5,10) x;
+ array_to_json  
+----------------
+ [5,6,7,8,9,10]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_to_json('{{1,5},{99,100}}'::int[]);
+  array_to_json   
+------------------
+ [[1,5],[99,100]]
+(1 row)
+
+-- row_to_json
+SELECT row_to_json(row(1,'foo'));
+     row_to_json     
+---------------------
+ {"f1":1,"f2":"foo"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT row_to_json(q)
+FROM (SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b,
+         y AS c,
+         ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]),
+               ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z
+      FROM generate_series(1,2) x,
+           generate_series(4,5) y) q;
+                            row_to_json                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"b":"a1","c":4,"z":[{"f1":1,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":4,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}
+ {"b":"a1","c":5,"z":[{"f1":1,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":5,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}
+ {"b":"a2","c":4,"z":[{"f1":2,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":4,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}
+ {"b":"a2","c":5,"z":[{"f1":2,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":5,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT row_to_json(q,true)
+FROM (SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b,
+         y AS c,
+         ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]),
+               ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z
+      FROM generate_series(1,2) x,
+           generate_series(4,5) y) q;
+                     row_to_json                     
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ {"b":"a1",                                         +
+  "c":4,                                            +
+  "z":[{"f1":1,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":4,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}
+ {"b":"a1",                                         +
+  "c":5,                                            +
+  "z":[{"f1":1,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":5,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}
+ {"b":"a2",                                         +
+  "c":4,                                            +
+  "z":[{"f1":2,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":4,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}
+ {"b":"a2",                                         +
+  "c":5,                                            +
+  "z":[{"f1":2,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":5,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE rows AS
+SELECT x, 'txt' || x as y
+FROM generate_series(1,3) AS x;
+SELECT row_to_json(q,true)
+FROM rows q;
+ row_to_json  
+--------------
+ {"x":1,     +
+  "y":"txt1"}
+ {"x":2,     +
+  "y":"txt2"}
+ {"x":3,     +
+  "y":"txt3"}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT row_to_json(row((select array_agg(x) as d from generate_series(5,10) x)),false);
+      row_to_json      
+-----------------------
+ {"f1":[5,6,7,8,9,10]}
+(1 row)
+
+-- anyarray column
+analyze rows;
+select attname, to_json(histogram_bounds) histogram_bounds
+from pg_stats
+where tablename = 'rows' and
+      schemaname = pg_my_temp_schema()::regnamespace::text
+order by 1;
+ attname |    histogram_bounds    
+---------+------------------------
+ x       | [1,2,3]
+ y       | ["txt1","txt2","txt3"]
+(2 rows)
+
+-- to_json, timestamps
+select to_json(timestamp '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298');
+           to_json            
+------------------------------
+ "2014-05-28T12:22:35.614298"
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL TIME ZONE 10.5;
+select to_json(timestamptz '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298-04');
+              to_json               
+------------------------------------
+ "2014-05-29T02:52:35.614298+10:30"
+(1 row)
+
+SET LOCAL TIME ZONE -8;
+select to_json(timestamptz '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298-04');
+              to_json               
+------------------------------------
+ "2014-05-28T08:22:35.614298-08:00"
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+select to_json(date '2014-05-28');
+   to_json    
+--------------
+ "2014-05-28"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_json(date 'Infinity');
+  to_json   
+------------
+ "infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_json(date '-Infinity');
+   to_json   
+-------------
+ "-infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_json(timestamp 'Infinity');
+  to_json   
+------------
+ "infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_json(timestamp '-Infinity');
+   to_json   
+-------------
+ "-infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_json(timestamptz 'Infinity');
+  to_json   
+------------
+ "infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_json(timestamptz '-Infinity');
+   to_json   
+-------------
+ "-infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+--json_agg
+SELECT json_agg(q)
+  FROM ( SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b, y AS c,
+               ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]),
+               ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z
+         FROM generate_series(1,2) x,
+              generate_series(4,5) y) q;
+                               json_agg                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [{"b":"a1","c":4,"z":[{"f1":1,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":4,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}, +
+  {"b":"a1","c":5,"z":[{"f1":1,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":5,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}, +
+  {"b":"a2","c":4,"z":[{"f1":2,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":4,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}, +
+  {"b":"a2","c":5,"z":[{"f1":2,"f2":[1,2,3]},{"f1":5,"f2":[4,5,6]}]}]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_agg(q ORDER BY x, y)
+  FROM rows q;
+       json_agg        
+-----------------------
+ [{"x":1,"y":"txt1"}, +
+  {"x":2,"y":"txt2"}, +
+  {"x":3,"y":"txt3"}]
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rows SET x = NULL WHERE x = 1;
+SELECT json_agg(q ORDER BY x NULLS FIRST, y)
+  FROM rows q;
+         json_agg         
+--------------------------
+ [{"x":null,"y":"txt1"}, +
+  {"x":2,"y":"txt2"},    +
+  {"x":3,"y":"txt3"}]
+(1 row)
+
+-- non-numeric output
+SELECT row_to_json(q)
+FROM (SELECT 'NaN'::float8 AS "float8field") q;
+      row_to_json      
+-----------------------
+ {"float8field":"NaN"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT row_to_json(q)
+FROM (SELECT 'Infinity'::float8 AS "float8field") q;
+        row_to_json         
+----------------------------
+ {"float8field":"Infinity"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT row_to_json(q)
+FROM (SELECT '-Infinity'::float8 AS "float8field") q;
+         row_to_json         
+-----------------------------
+ {"float8field":"-Infinity"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- json input
+SELECT row_to_json(q)
+FROM (SELECT '{"a":1,"b": [2,3,4,"d","e","f"],"c":{"p":1,"q":2}}'::json AS "jsonfield") q;
+                           row_to_json                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"jsonfield":{"a":1,"b": [2,3,4,"d","e","f"],"c":{"p":1,"q":2}}}
+(1 row)
+
+-- json extraction functions
+CREATE TEMP TABLE test_json (
+       json_type text,
+       test_json json
+);
+INSERT INTO test_json VALUES
+('scalar','"a scalar"'),
+('array','["zero", "one","two",null,"four","five", [1,2,3],{"f1":9}]'),
+('object','{"field1":"val1","field2":"val2","field3":null, "field4": 4, "field5": [1,2,3], "field6": {"f1":9}}');
+SELECT test_json -> 'x'
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 'x'
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 'x'
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json->'field2'
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "val2"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json->>'field2'
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ val2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 2
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 2
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "two"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> -1
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {"f1":9}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 2
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json->>2
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ two
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 6 FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [1,2,3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 7 FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {"f1":9}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field4' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field5' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [1,2,3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field6' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {"f1":9}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_object_keys(test_json)
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+ERROR:  cannot call json_object_keys on a scalar
+SELECT json_object_keys(test_json)
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ERROR:  cannot call json_object_keys on an array
+SELECT json_object_keys(test_json)
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ json_object_keys 
+------------------
+ field1
+ field2
+ field3
+ field4
+ field5
+ field6
+(6 rows)
+
+-- test extending object_keys resultset - initial resultset size is 256
+select count(*) from
+    (select json_object_keys(json_object(array_agg(g)))
+     from (select unnest(array['f'||n,n::text])as g
+           from generate_series(1,300) as n) x ) y;
+ count 
+-------
+   300
+(1 row)
+
+-- nulls
+select (test_json->'field3') is null as expect_false
+from test_json
+where json_type = 'object';
+ expect_false 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select (test_json->>'field3') is null as expect_true
+from test_json
+where json_type = 'object';
+ expect_true 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select (test_json->3) is null as expect_false
+from test_json
+where json_type = 'array';
+ expect_false 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select (test_json->>3) is null as expect_true
+from test_json
+where json_type = 'array';
+ expect_true 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- corner cases
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> null::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> null::int;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> -1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> '';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json -> 1;
+  ?column?   
+-------------
+ {"b": "cc"}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json -> 3;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json -> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": "c", "b": null}'::json -> 'b';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::json -> 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::json -> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> null::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> null::int;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> '';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json ->> 1;
+  ?column?   
+-------------
+ {"b": "cc"}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json ->> 3;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json ->> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": "c", "b": null}'::json ->> 'b';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::json ->> 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::json ->> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- array length
+SELECT json_array_length('[1,2,3,{"f1":1,"f2":[5,6]},4]');
+ json_array_length 
+-------------------
+                 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_array_length('[]');
+ json_array_length 
+-------------------
+                 0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_array_length('{"f1":1,"f2":[5,6]}');
+ERROR:  cannot get array length of a non-array
+SELECT json_array_length('4');
+ERROR:  cannot get array length of a scalar
+-- each
+select json_each('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null}');
+     json_each     
+-------------------
+ (f1,"[1,2,3]")
+ (f2,"{""f3"":1}")
+ (f4,null)
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from json_each('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}') q;
+ key |   value   
+-----+-----------
+ f1  | [1,2,3]
+ f2  | {"f3":1}
+ f4  | null
+ f5  | 99
+ f6  | "stringy"
+(5 rows)
+
+select json_each_text('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":"null"}');
+  json_each_text   
+-------------------
+ (f1,"[1,2,3]")
+ (f2,"{""f3"":1}")
+ (f4,)
+ (f5,null)
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from json_each_text('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}') q;
+ key |  value   
+-----+----------
+ f1  | [1,2,3]
+ f2  | {"f3":1}
+ f4  | 
+ f5  | 99
+ f6  | stringy
+(5 rows)
+
+-- extract_path, extract_path_as_text
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f6');
+ json_extract_path 
+-------------------
+ "stringy"
+(1 row)
+
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2');
+ json_extract_path 
+-------------------
+ {"f3":1}
+(1 row)
+
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',0::text);
+ json_extract_path 
+-------------------
+ "f3"
+(1 row)
+
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',1::text);
+ json_extract_path 
+-------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f6');
+ json_extract_path_text 
+------------------------
+ stringy
+(1 row)
+
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2');
+ json_extract_path_text 
+------------------------
+ {"f3":1}
+(1 row)
+
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',0::text);
+ json_extract_path_text 
+------------------------
+ f3
+(1 row)
+
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',1::text);
+ json_extract_path_text 
+------------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- extract_path nulls
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":null,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f5') is null as expect_false;
+ expect_false 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":null,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f5') is null as expect_true;
+ expect_true 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":[0,1,2,null]}','f4','3') is null as expect_false;
+ expect_false 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":[0,1,2,null]}','f4','3') is null as expect_true;
+ expect_true 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- extract_path operators
+select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f4','f6'];
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ "stringy"
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f2'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {"f3":1}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f2','0'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "f3"
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f2','1'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f4','f6'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ stringy
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f2'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {"f3":1}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f2','0'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f3
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f2','1'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- corner cases for same
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> '{}';
+         ?column?          
+---------------------------
+ {"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[1,2,3]'::json #> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [1,2,3]
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::json #> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "foo"
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::json #> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 42
+(1 row)
+
+select 'null'::json #> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a'];
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ {"b":{"c": "foo"}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a', null];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a', ''];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','b'];
+   ?column?   
+--------------
+ {"c": "foo"}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','b','c'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "foo"
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','b','c','d'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','z','c'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #> array['a','1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "cc"
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #> array['a','z','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #> array['1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "cc"
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #> array['z','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": null}]'::json #> array['1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::json #> array['z'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::json #> array['f2'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::json #> array['0'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> '{}';
+         ?column?          
+---------------------------
+ {"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[1,2,3]'::json #>> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [1,2,3]
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::json #>> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ foo
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::json #>> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 42
+(1 row)
+
+select 'null'::json #>> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a'];
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ {"b":{"c": "foo"}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a', null];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a', ''];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','b'];
+   ?column?   
+--------------
+ {"c": "foo"}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','b','c'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ foo
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','b','c','d'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','z','c'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #>> array['a','1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ cc
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #>> array['a','z','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #>> array['1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ cc
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #>> array['z','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": null}]'::json #>> array['1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::json #>> array['z'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::json #>> array['f2'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::json #>> array['0'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- array_elements
+select json_array_elements('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]');
+  json_array_elements  
+-----------------------
+ 1
+ true
+ [1,[2,3]]
+ null
+ {"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]}
+ false
+ "stringy"
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from json_array_elements('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]') q;
+         value         
+-----------------------
+ 1
+ true
+ [1,[2,3]]
+ null
+ {"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]}
+ false
+ "stringy"
+(7 rows)
+
+select json_array_elements_text('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]');
+ json_array_elements_text 
+--------------------------
+ 1
+ true
+ [1,[2,3]]
+ 
+ {"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]}
+ false
+ stringy
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from json_array_elements_text('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]') q;
+         value         
+-----------------------
+ 1
+ true
+ [1,[2,3]]
+ 
+ {"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]}
+ false
+ stringy
+(7 rows)
+
+-- populate_record
+create type jpop as (a text, b int, c timestamp);
+CREATE DOMAIN js_int_not_null  AS int     NOT NULL;
+CREATE DOMAIN js_int_array_1d  AS int[]   CHECK(array_length(VALUE, 1) = 3);
+CREATE DOMAIN js_int_array_2d  AS int[][] CHECK(array_length(VALUE, 2) = 3);
+create type j_unordered_pair as (x int, y int);
+create domain j_ordered_pair as j_unordered_pair check((value).x <= (value).y);
+CREATE TYPE jsrec AS (
+	i	int,
+	ia	_int4,
+	ia1	int[],
+	ia2	int[][],
+	ia3	int[][][],
+	ia1d	js_int_array_1d,
+	ia2d	js_int_array_2d,
+	t	text,
+	ta	text[],
+	c	char(10),
+	ca	char(10)[],
+	ts	timestamp,
+	js	json,
+	jsb	jsonb,
+	jsa	json[],
+	rec	jpop,
+	reca	jpop[]
+);
+CREATE TYPE jsrec_i_not_null AS (
+	i	js_int_not_null
+);
+select * from json_populate_record(null::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+   a    | b | c 
+--------+---+---
+ blurfl |   | 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+   a    | b |            c             
+--------+---+--------------------------
+ blurfl | 3 | Mon Dec 31 15:30:56 2012
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_populate_record(null::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+   a    | b | c 
+--------+---+---
+ blurfl |   | 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+   a    | b |            c             
+--------+---+--------------------------
+ blurfl | 3 | Mon Dec 31 15:30:56 2012
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_populate_record(null::jpop,'{"a":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+        a        | b | c 
+-----------------+---+---
+ [100,200,false] |   | 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"a":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+        a        | b |            c             
+-----------------+---+--------------------------
+ [100,200,false] | 3 | Mon Dec 31 15:30:56 2012
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"c":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type timestamp: "[100,200,false]"
+select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{}') q;
+ a | b |            c             
+---+---+--------------------------
+ x | 3 | Mon Dec 31 15:30:56 2012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT i FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec_i_not_null, '{"x": 43.2}') q;
+ERROR:  domain js_int_not_null does not allow null values
+SELECT i FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec_i_not_null, '{"i": null}') q;
+ERROR:  domain js_int_not_null does not allow null values
+SELECT i FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec_i_not_null, '{"i": 12345}') q;
+   i   
+-------
+ 12345
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": null}') q;
+ ia 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ia".
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+      ia      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') q;
+      ia       
+---------------
+ {{1,2},{3,4}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": [[1], 2]}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the array element [1] of key "ia".
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": [[1], [2, 3]]}') q;
+ERROR:  malformed JSON array
+DETAIL:  Multidimensional arrays must have sub-arrays with matching dimensions.
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": "{1,2,3}"}') q;
+   ia    
+---------
+ {1,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia1 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1": null}') q;
+ ia1 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia1 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ia1".
+SELECT ia1 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+     ia1      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia1 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1": [[1, 2, 3]]}') q;
+    ia1    
+-----------
+ {{1,2,3}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia1d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1d": null}') q;
+ ia1d 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia1d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1d": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ia1d".
+SELECT ia1d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1d": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+ERROR:  value for domain js_int_array_1d violates check constraint "js_int_array_1d_check"
+SELECT ia1d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1d": [1, "2", null]}') q;
+    ia1d    
+------------
+ {1,2,NULL}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia2 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+     ia2      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia2 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], [null, 4]]}') q;
+       ia2        
+------------------
+ {{1,2},{NULL,4}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia2 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2": [[], []]}') q;
+ ia2 
+-----
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia2 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], [3]]}') q;
+ERROR:  malformed JSON array
+DETAIL:  Multidimensional arrays must have sub-arrays with matching dimensions.
+SELECT ia2 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], 3, 4]}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the array element [1] of key "ia2".
+SELECT ia2d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2d": [[1, "2"], [null, 4]]}') q;
+ERROR:  value for domain js_int_array_2d violates check constraint "js_int_array_2d_check"
+SELECT ia2d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2d": [[1, "2", 3], [null, 5, 6]]}') q;
+         ia2d         
+----------------------
+ {{1,2,3},{NULL,5,6}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+     ia3      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [[1, 2], [null, 4]]}') q;
+       ia3        
+------------------
+ {{1,2},{NULL,4}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [ [[], []], [[], []], [[], []] ]}') q;
+ ia3 
+-----
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2]], [[3, 4]] ]}') q;
+        ia3        
+-------------------
+ {{{1,2}},{{3,4}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]] ]}') q;
+              ia3              
+-------------------------------
+ {{{1,2},{3,4}},{{5,6},{7,8}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8], [9, 10]] ]}') q;
+ERROR:  malformed JSON array
+DETAIL:  Multidimensional arrays must have sub-arrays with matching dimensions.
+SELECT ta FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ta": null}') q;
+ ta 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ta FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ta": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ta".
+SELECT ta FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ta": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+      ta      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ta FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ta": [[1, 2, 3], {"k": "v"}]}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the array element [1] of key "ta".
+SELECT c FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"c": null}') q;
+ c 
+---
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"c": "aaa"}') q;
+     c      
+------------
+ aaa       
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"c": "aaaaaaaaaa"}') q;
+     c      
+------------
+ aaaaaaaaaa
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"c": "aaaaaaaaaaaaa"}') q;
+ERROR:  value too long for type character(10)
+SELECT ca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ca": null}') q;
+ ca 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ca": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ca".
+SELECT ca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ca": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+                      ca                       
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"1         ","2         ",NULL,"4         "}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ca": ["aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"]}') q;
+ERROR:  value too long for type character(10)
+SELECT ca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ca": [[1, 2, 3], {"k": "v"}]}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the array element [1] of key "ca".
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": null}') q;
+ js 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": true}') q;
+  js  
+------
+ true
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": 123.45}') q;
+   js   
+--------
+ 123.45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": "123.45"}') q;
+    js    
+----------
+ "123.45"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": "abc"}') q;
+  js   
+-------
+ "abc"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]}') q;
+                  js                  
+--------------------------------------
+ [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}}') q;
+                  js                  
+--------------------------------------
+ {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": null}') q;
+ jsb 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": true}') q;
+ jsb  
+------
+ true
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": 123.45}') q;
+  jsb   
+--------
+ 123.45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": "123.45"}') q;
+   jsb    
+----------
+ "123.45"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": "abc"}') q;
+  jsb  
+-------
+ "abc"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]}') q;
+                 jsb                  
+--------------------------------------
+ [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}}') q;
+                 jsb                  
+--------------------------------------
+ {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsa FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsa": null}') q;
+ jsa 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsa FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsa": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "jsa".
+SELECT jsa FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsa": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+        jsa         
+--------------------
+ {1,"\"2\"",NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsa FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsa": ["aaa", null, [1, 2, "3", {}], { "k" : "v" }]}') q;
+                           jsa                            
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ {"\"aaa\"",NULL,"[1, 2, \"3\", {}]","{ \"k\" : \"v\" }"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rec FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"rec": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  cannot call populate_composite on a scalar
+SELECT rec FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"rec": [1, 2]}') q;
+ERROR:  cannot call populate_composite on an array
+SELECT rec FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}}') q;
+                rec                
+-----------------------------------
+ (abc,,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rec FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"rec": "(abc,42,01.02.2003)"}') q;
+                 rec                 
+-------------------------------------
+ (abc,42,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT reca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"reca": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "reca".
+SELECT reca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"reca": [1, 2]}') q;
+ERROR:  cannot call populate_composite on a scalar
+SELECT reca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"reca": [{"a": "abc", "b": 456}, null, {"c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}]}') q;
+                          reca                          
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ {"(abc,456,)",NULL,"(,,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT reca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"reca": ["(abc,42,01.02.2003)"]}') q;
+                   reca                    
+-------------------------------------------
+ {"(abc,42,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT reca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"reca": "{\"(abc,42,01.02.2003)\"}"}') q;
+                   reca                    
+-------------------------------------------
+ {"(abc,42,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rec FROM json_populate_record(
+	row(NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,
+		row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,NULL)::jsrec,
+	'{"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}}'
+) q;
+                rec                 
+------------------------------------
+ (abc,3,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003")
+(1 row)
+
+-- anonymous record type
+SELECT json_populate_record(null::record, '{"x": 0, "y": 1}');
+ERROR:  could not determine row type for result of json_populate_record
+HINT:  Provide a non-null record argument, or call the function in the FROM clause using a column definition list.
+SELECT json_populate_record(row(1,2), '{"f1": 0, "f2": 1}');
+ json_populate_record 
+----------------------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  json_populate_record(null::record, '{"x": 776}') AS (x int, y int);
+  x  | y 
+-----+---
+ 776 |  
+(1 row)
+
+-- composite domain
+SELECT json_populate_record(null::j_ordered_pair, '{"x": 0, "y": 1}');
+ json_populate_record 
+----------------------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_populate_record(row(1,2)::j_ordered_pair, '{"x": 0}');
+ json_populate_record 
+----------------------
+ (0,2)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_populate_record(row(1,2)::j_ordered_pair, '{"x": 1, "y": 0}');
+ERROR:  value for domain j_ordered_pair violates check constraint "j_ordered_pair_check"
+-- populate_recordset
+select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b |            c             
+--------+---+--------------------------
+ blurfl |   | 
+        | 3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b  |            c             
+--------+----+--------------------------
+ blurfl | 99 | 
+ def    |  3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b |            c             
+--------+---+--------------------------
+ blurfl |   | 
+        | 3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b  |            c             
+--------+----+--------------------------
+ blurfl | 99 | 
+ def    |  3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+       a       | b  |            c             
+---------------+----+--------------------------
+ [100,200,300] | 99 | 
+ {"z":true}    |  3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"c":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type timestamp: "[100,200,300]"
+create type jpop2 as (a int, b json, c int, d int);
+select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop2, '[{"a":2,"c":3,"b":{"z":4},"d":6}]') q;
+ a |    b    | c | d 
+---+---------+---+---
+ 2 | {"z":4} | 3 | 6
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b |            c             
+--------+---+--------------------------
+ blurfl |   | 
+        | 3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b  |            c             
+--------+----+--------------------------
+ blurfl | 99 | 
+ def    |  3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+       a       | b  |            c             
+---------------+----+--------------------------
+ [100,200,300] | 99 | 
+ {"z":true}    |  3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+-- anonymous record type
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(null::record, '[{"x": 0, "y": 1}]');
+ERROR:  could not determine row type for result of json_populate_recordset
+HINT:  Provide a non-null record argument, or call the function in the FROM clause using a column definition list.
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(row(1,2), '[{"f1": 0, "f2": 1}]');
+ json_populate_recordset 
+-------------------------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT i, json_populate_recordset(row(i,50), '[{"f1":"42"},{"f2":"43"}]')
+FROM (VALUES (1),(2)) v(i);
+ i | json_populate_recordset 
+---+-------------------------
+ 1 | (42,50)
+ 1 | (1,43)
+ 2 | (42,50)
+ 2 | (2,43)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  json_populate_recordset(null::record, '[{"x": 776}]') AS (x int, y int);
+  x  | y 
+-----+---
+ 776 |  
+(1 row)
+
+-- empty array is a corner case
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(null::record, '[]');
+ERROR:  could not determine row type for result of json_populate_recordset
+HINT:  Provide a non-null record argument, or call the function in the FROM clause using a column definition list.
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(row(1,2), '[]');
+ json_populate_recordset 
+-------------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM json_populate_recordset(NULL::jpop,'[]') q;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  json_populate_recordset(null::record, '[]') AS (x int, y int);
+ x | y 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- composite domain
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(null::j_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 0, "y": 1}]');
+ json_populate_recordset 
+-------------------------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(row(1,2)::j_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 0}, {"y": 3}]');
+ json_populate_recordset 
+-------------------------
+ (0,2)
+ (1,3)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(row(1,2)::j_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 1, "y": 0}]');
+ERROR:  value for domain j_ordered_pair violates check constraint "j_ordered_pair_check"
+-- negative cases where the wrong record type is supplied
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row(0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+ERROR:  function return row and query-specified return row do not match
+DETAIL:  Returned row contains 1 attribute, but query expects 2.
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row(0::int,0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+ERROR:  function return row and query-specified return row do not match
+DETAIL:  Returned type integer at ordinal position 1, but query expects text.
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row(0::int,0::int,0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+ERROR:  function return row and query-specified return row do not match
+DETAIL:  Returned row contains 3 attributes, but query expects 2.
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row(1000000000::int,50::int),'[{"b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+ERROR:  function return row and query-specified return row do not match
+DETAIL:  Returned type integer at ordinal position 1, but query expects text.
+-- test type info caching in json_populate_record()
+CREATE TEMP TABLE jspoptest (js json);
+INSERT INTO jspoptest
+SELECT '{
+	"jsa": [1, "2", null, 4],
+	"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2},
+	"reca": [{"a": "abc", "b": 456}, null, {"c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}]
+}'::json
+FROM generate_series(1, 3);
+SELECT (json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, js)).* FROM jspoptest;
+ i | ia | ia1 | ia2 | ia3 | ia1d | ia2d | t | ta | c | ca | ts | js | jsb |        jsa         |                rec                |                          reca                          
+---+----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+---+----+---+----+----+----+-----+--------------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------
+   |    |     |     |     |      |      |   |    |   |    |    |    |     | {1,"\"2\"",NULL,4} | (abc,,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003") | {"(abc,456,)",NULL,"(,,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+   |    |     |     |     |      |      |   |    |   |    |    |    |     | {1,"\"2\"",NULL,4} | (abc,,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003") | {"(abc,456,)",NULL,"(,,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+   |    |     |     |     |      |      |   |    |   |    |    |    |     | {1,"\"2\"",NULL,4} | (abc,,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003") | {"(abc,456,)",NULL,"(,,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TYPE jsrec;
+DROP TYPE jsrec_i_not_null;
+DROP DOMAIN js_int_not_null;
+DROP DOMAIN js_int_array_1d;
+DROP DOMAIN js_int_array_2d;
+DROP DOMAIN j_ordered_pair;
+DROP TYPE j_unordered_pair;
+--json_typeof() function
+select value, json_typeof(value)
+  from (values (json '123.4'),
+               (json '-1'),
+               (json '"foo"'),
+               (json 'true'),
+               (json 'false'),
+               (json 'null'),
+               (json '[1, 2, 3]'),
+               (json '[]'),
+               (json '{"x":"foo", "y":123}'),
+               (json '{}'),
+               (NULL::json))
+      as data(value);
+        value         | json_typeof 
+----------------------+-------------
+ 123.4                | number
+ -1                   | number
+ "foo"                | string
+ true                 | boolean
+ false                | boolean
+ null                 | null
+ [1, 2, 3]            | array
+ []                   | array
+ {"x":"foo", "y":123} | object
+ {}                   | object
+                      | 
+(11 rows)
+
+-- json_build_array, json_build_object, json_object_agg
+SELECT json_build_array('a',1,'b',1.2,'c',true,'d',null,'e',json '{"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}');
+                           json_build_array                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ["a", 1, "b", 1.2, "c", true, "d", null, "e", {"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_array('a', NULL); -- ok
+ json_build_array 
+------------------
+ ["a", null]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC NULL::text[]); -- ok
+ json_build_array 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC '{}'::text[]); -- ok
+ json_build_array 
+------------------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC '{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- ok
+ json_build_array 
+------------------
+ ["a", "b", "c"]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC ARRAY['a', NULL]::text[]); -- ok
+ json_build_array 
+------------------
+ ["a", null]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::text[]); -- ok
+   json_build_array   
+----------------------
+ ["1", "2", "3", "4"]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::int[]); -- ok
+ json_build_array 
+------------------
+ [1, 2, 3, 4]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC '{{1,4},{2,5},{3,6}}'::int[][]); -- ok
+  json_build_array  
+--------------------
+ [1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_object('a',1,'b',1.2,'c',true,'d',null,'e',json '{"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}');
+                             json_build_object                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a" : 1, "b" : 1.2, "c" : true, "d" : null, "e" : {"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_object(
+       'a', json_build_object('b',false,'c',99),
+       'd', json_build_object('e',array[9,8,7]::int[],
+           'f', (select row_to_json(r) from ( select relkind, oid::regclass as name from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') r)));
+                                        json_build_object                                        
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a" : {"b" : false, "c" : 99}, "d" : {"e" : [9,8,7], "f" : {"relkind":"r","name":"pg_class"}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_object('{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- error
+ERROR:  argument list must have even number of elements
+HINT:  The arguments of json_build_object() must consist of alternating keys and values.
+SELECT json_build_object('{a,b,c}'::text[], '{d,e,f}'::text[]); -- error, key cannot be array
+ERROR:  key value must be scalar, not array, composite, or json
+SELECT json_build_object('a', 'b', 'c'); -- error
+ERROR:  argument list must have even number of elements
+HINT:  The arguments of json_build_object() must consist of alternating keys and values.
+SELECT json_build_object(NULL, 'a'); -- error, key cannot be NULL
+ERROR:  argument 1 cannot be null
+HINT:  Object keys should be text.
+SELECT json_build_object('a', NULL); -- ok
+ json_build_object 
+-------------------
+ {"a" : null}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC NULL::text[]); -- ok
+ json_build_object 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC '{}'::text[]); -- ok
+ json_build_object 
+-------------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC '{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- error
+ERROR:  argument list must have even number of elements
+HINT:  The arguments of json_build_object() must consist of alternating keys and values.
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC ARRAY['a', NULL]::text[]); -- ok
+ json_build_object 
+-------------------
+ {"a" : null}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC ARRAY[NULL, 'a']::text[]); -- error, key cannot be NULL
+ERROR:  argument 1 cannot be null
+HINT:  Object keys should be text.
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::text[]); -- ok
+   json_build_object    
+------------------------
+ {"1" : "2", "3" : "4"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::int[]); -- ok
+ json_build_object  
+--------------------
+ {"1" : 2, "3" : 4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC '{{1,4},{2,5},{3,6}}'::int[][]); -- ok
+      json_build_object      
+-----------------------------
+ {"1" : 4, "2" : 5, "3" : 6}
+(1 row)
+
+-- empty objects/arrays
+SELECT json_build_array();
+ json_build_array 
+------------------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_build_object();
+ json_build_object 
+-------------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+-- make sure keys are quoted
+SELECT json_build_object(1,2);
+ json_build_object 
+-------------------
+ {"1" : 2}
+(1 row)
+
+-- keys must be scalar and not null
+SELECT json_build_object(null,2);
+ERROR:  argument 1 cannot be null
+HINT:  Object keys should be text.
+SELECT json_build_object(r,2) FROM (SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b) r;
+ERROR:  key value must be scalar, not array, composite, or json
+SELECT json_build_object(json '{"a":1,"b":2}', 3);
+ERROR:  key value must be scalar, not array, composite, or json
+SELECT json_build_object('{1,2,3}'::int[], 3);
+ERROR:  key value must be scalar, not array, composite, or json
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (serial_num int, name text, type text);
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847001,'t15','GE1043');
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847002,'t16','GE1043');
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847003,'sub-alpha','GESS90');
+SELECT json_build_object('turbines',json_object_agg(serial_num,json_build_object('name',name,'type',type)))
+FROM foo;
+                                                                            json_build_object                                                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"turbines" : { "847001" : {"name" : "t15", "type" : "GE1043"}, "847002" : {"name" : "t16", "type" : "GE1043"}, "847003" : {"name" : "sub-alpha", "type" : "GESS90"} }}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT json_object_agg(name, type) FROM foo;
+                        json_object_agg                         
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ { "t15" : "GE1043", "t16" : "GE1043", "sub-alpha" : "GESS90" }
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (999999, NULL, 'bar');
+SELECT json_object_agg(name, type) FROM foo;
+ERROR:  field name must not be null
+-- json_object
+-- empty object, one dimension
+SELECT json_object('{}');
+ json_object 
+-------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+-- empty object, two dimensions
+SELECT json_object('{}', '{}');
+ json_object 
+-------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+-- one dimension
+SELECT json_object('{a,1,b,2,3,NULL,"d e f","a b c"}');
+                      json_object                      
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a" : "1", "b" : "2", "3" : null, "d e f" : "a b c"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- same but with two dimensions
+SELECT json_object('{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}');
+                      json_object                      
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a" : "1", "b" : "2", "3" : null, "d e f" : "a b c"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- odd number error
+SELECT json_object('{a,b,c}');
+ERROR:  array must have even number of elements
+-- one column error
+SELECT json_object('{{a},{b}}');
+ERROR:  array must have two columns
+-- too many columns error
+SELECT json_object('{{a,b,c},{b,c,d}}');
+ERROR:  array must have two columns
+-- too many dimensions error
+SELECT json_object('{{{a,b},{c,d}},{{b,c},{d,e}}}');
+ERROR:  wrong number of array subscripts
+--two argument form of json_object
+select json_object('{a,b,c,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+                     json_object                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a" : "1", "b" : "2", "c" : "3", "d e f" : "a b c"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- too many dimensions
+SELECT json_object('{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}', '{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}');
+ERROR:  wrong number of array subscripts
+-- mismatched dimensions
+select json_object('{a,b,c,"d e f",g}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+ERROR:  mismatched array dimensions
+select json_object('{a,b,c,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c",g}');
+ERROR:  mismatched array dimensions
+-- null key error
+select json_object('{a,b,NULL,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+ERROR:  null value not allowed for object key
+-- empty key is allowed
+select json_object('{a,b,"","d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+                     json_object                     
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ {"a" : "1", "b" : "2", "" : "3", "d e f" : "a b c"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- json_to_record and json_to_recordset
+select * from json_to_record('{"a":1,"b":"foo","c":"bar"}')
+    as x(a int, b text, d text);
+ a |  b  | d 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | foo | 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_recordset('[{"a":1,"b":"foo","d":false},{"a":2,"b":"bar","c":true}]')
+    as x(a int, b text, c boolean);
+ a |  b  | c 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | foo | 
+ 2 | bar | t
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from json_to_recordset('[{"a":1,"b":{"d":"foo"},"c":true},{"a":2,"c":false,"b":{"d":"bar"}}]')
+    as x(a int, b json, c boolean);
+ a |      b      | c 
+---+-------------+---
+ 1 | {"d":"foo"} | t
+ 2 | {"d":"bar"} | f
+(2 rows)
+
+select *, c is null as c_is_null
+from json_to_record('{"a":1, "b":{"c":16, "d":2}, "x":8, "ca": ["1 2", 3], "ia": [[1,2],[3,4]], "r": {"a": "aaa", "b": 123}}'::json)
+    as t(a int, b json, c text, x int, ca char(5)[], ia int[][], r jpop);
+ a |        b        | c | x |        ca         |      ia       |     r      | c_is_null 
+---+-----------------+---+---+-------------------+---------------+------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"c":16, "d":2} |   | 8 | {"1 2  ","3    "} | {{1,2},{3,4}} | (aaa,123,) | t
+(1 row)
+
+select *, c is null as c_is_null
+from json_to_recordset('[{"a":1, "b":{"c":16, "d":2}, "x":8}]'::json)
+    as t(a int, b json, c text, x int);
+ a |        b        | c | x | c_is_null 
+---+-----------------+---+---+-----------
+ 1 | {"c":16, "d":2} |   | 8 | t
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": null}') as x(ia _int4);
+ ia 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": 123}') as x(ia _int4);
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ia".
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": [1, "2", null, 4]}') as x(ia _int4);
+      ia      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') as x(ia _int4);
+      ia       
+---------------
+ {{1,2},{3,4}}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": [[1], 2]}') as x(ia _int4);
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the array element [1] of key "ia".
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": [[1], [2, 3]]}') as x(ia _int4);
+ERROR:  malformed JSON array
+DETAIL:  Multidimensional arrays must have sub-arrays with matching dimensions.
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia2": [1, 2, 3]}') as x(ia2 int[][]);
+   ia2   
+---------
+ {1,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia2": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') as x(ia2 int4[][]);
+      ia2      
+---------------
+ {{1,2},{3,4}}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia2": [[[1], [2], [3]]]}') as x(ia2 int4[][]);
+       ia2       
+-----------------
+ {{{1},{2},{3}}}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": {"key": 1}}') as x(out json);
+    out     
+------------
+ {"key": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": [{"key": 1}]}') as x(out json);
+     out      
+--------------
+ [{"key": 1}]
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": "{\"key\": 1}"}') as x(out json);
+      out       
+----------------
+ "{\"key\": 1}"
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": {"key": 1}}') as x(out jsonb);
+    out     
+------------
+ {"key": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": [{"key": 1}]}') as x(out jsonb);
+     out      
+--------------
+ [{"key": 1}]
+(1 row)
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": "{\"key\": 1}"}') as x(out jsonb);
+      out       
+----------------
+ "{\"key\": 1}"
+(1 row)
+
+-- json_strip_nulls
+select json_strip_nulls(null);
+ json_strip_nulls 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select json_strip_nulls('1');
+ json_strip_nulls 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select json_strip_nulls('"a string"');
+ json_strip_nulls 
+------------------
+ "a string"
+(1 row)
+
+select json_strip_nulls('null');
+ json_strip_nulls 
+------------------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select json_strip_nulls('[1,2,null,3,4]');
+ json_strip_nulls 
+------------------
+ [1,2,null,3,4]
+(1 row)
+
+select json_strip_nulls('{"a":1,"b":null,"c":[2,null,3],"d":{"e":4,"f":null}}');
+          json_strip_nulls          
+------------------------------------
+ {"a":1,"c":[2,null,3],"d":{"e":4}}
+(1 row)
+
+select json_strip_nulls('[1,{"a":1,"b":null,"c":2},3]');
+  json_strip_nulls   
+---------------------
+ [1,{"a":1,"c":2},3]
+(1 row)
+
+-- an empty object is not null and should not be stripped
+select json_strip_nulls('{"a": {"b": null, "c": null}, "d": {} }');
+ json_strip_nulls 
+------------------
+ {"a":{},"d":{}}
+(1 row)
+
+-- json to tsvector
+select to_tsvector('{"a": "aaa bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh iii"}}'::json);
+                                to_tsvector                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':2 'ccc':4 'ddd':3 'eee':6 'fff':7 'ggg':8 'hhh':10 'iii':11
+(1 row)
+
+-- json to tsvector with config
+select to_tsvector('simple', '{"a": "aaa bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh iii"}}'::json);
+                                to_tsvector                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':2 'ccc':4 'ddd':3 'eee':6 'fff':7 'ggg':8 'hhh':10 'iii':11
+(1 row)
+
+-- json to tsvector with stop words
+select to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["the eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh. iii"}}'::json);
+                                to_tsvector                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':3 'ccc':5 'ddd':4 'eee':8 'fff':9 'ggg':10 'hhh':12 'iii':13
+(1 row)
+
+-- json to tsvector with numeric values
+select to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb ddd ccc", "b": 123, "c": 456}'::json);
+           to_tsvector           
+---------------------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':3 'ccc':5 'ddd':4
+(1 row)
+
+-- json_to_tsvector
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"all"');
+                                    json_to_tsvector                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ '123':8 '456':12 'aaa':2 'b':6 'bbb':4 'c':10 'd':14 'f':18 'fals':20 'g':22 'true':16
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"key"');
+        json_to_tsvector        
+--------------------------------
+ 'b':2 'c':4 'd':6 'f':8 'g':10
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"string"');
+ json_to_tsvector 
+------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':3
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"numeric"');
+ json_to_tsvector 
+------------------
+ '123':1 '456':3
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"boolean"');
+ json_to_tsvector  
+-------------------
+ 'fals':3 'true':1
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '["string", "numeric"]');
+        json_to_tsvector         
+---------------------------------
+ '123':5 '456':7 'aaa':1 'bbb':3
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"all"');
+                                    json_to_tsvector                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ '123':8 '456':12 'aaa':2 'b':6 'bbb':4 'c':10 'd':14 'f':18 'fals':20 'g':22 'true':16
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"key"');
+        json_to_tsvector        
+--------------------------------
+ 'b':2 'c':4 'd':6 'f':8 'g':10
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"string"');
+ json_to_tsvector 
+------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':3
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"numeric"');
+ json_to_tsvector 
+------------------
+ '123':1 '456':3
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"boolean"');
+ json_to_tsvector  
+-------------------
+ 'fals':3 'true':1
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '["string", "numeric"]');
+        json_to_tsvector         
+---------------------------------
+ '123':5 '456':7 'aaa':1 'bbb':3
+(1 row)
+
+-- to_tsvector corner cases
+select to_tsvector('""'::json);
+ to_tsvector 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('{}'::json);
+ to_tsvector 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('[]'::json);
+ to_tsvector 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('null'::json);
+ to_tsvector 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- json_to_tsvector corner cases
+select json_to_tsvector('""'::json, '"all"');
+ json_to_tsvector 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('{}'::json, '"all"');
+ json_to_tsvector 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('[]'::json, '"all"');
+ json_to_tsvector 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('null'::json, '"all"');
+ json_to_tsvector 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '""');
+ERROR:  wrong flag in flag array: ""
+HINT:  Possible values are: "string", "numeric", "boolean", "key", and "all".
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '{}');
+ERROR:  wrong flag type, only arrays and scalars are allowed
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '[]');
+ json_to_tsvector 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, 'null');
+ERROR:  flag array element is not a string
+HINT:  Possible values are: "string", "numeric", "boolean", "key", and "all".
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '["all", null]');
+ERROR:  flag array element is not a string
+HINT:  Possible values are: "string", "numeric", "boolean", "key", and "all".
+-- ts_headline for json
+select ts_headline('{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::json, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'));
+                                               ts_headline                                               
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a":"aaa <b>bbb</b>","b":{"c":"ccc <b>ddd</b> fff","c1":"ccc1 ddd1"},"d":["ggg <b>hhh</b>","iii jjj"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select ts_headline('english', '{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::json, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'));
+                                      ts_headline                                       
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a":"aaa <b>bbb</b>","b":{"c":"ccc <b>ddd</b> fff"},"d":["ggg <b>hhh</b>","iii jjj"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select ts_headline('{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::json, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'), 'StartSel = <, StopSel = >');
+                                       ts_headline                                        
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a":"aaa <bbb>","b":{"c":"ccc <ddd> fff","c1":"ccc1 ddd1"},"d":["ggg <hhh>","iii jjj"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select ts_headline('english', '{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::json, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'), 'StartSel = <, StopSel = >');
+                                       ts_headline                                        
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a":"aaa <bbb>","b":{"c":"ccc <ddd> fff","c1":"ccc1 ddd1"},"d":["ggg <hhh>","iii jjj"]}
+(1 row)
+
+-- corner cases for ts_headline with json
+select ts_headline('null'::json, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
+ ts_headline 
+-------------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select ts_headline('{}'::json, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
+ ts_headline 
+-------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select ts_headline('[]'::json, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
+ ts_headline 
+-------------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/json_encoding.out b/src/test/regress/expected/json_encoding.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa41b40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/json_encoding.out
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+--
+-- encoding-sensitive tests for json and jsonb
+--
+-- We provide expected-results files for UTF8 (json_encoding.out)
+-- and for SQL_ASCII (json_encoding_1.out).  Skip otherwise.
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() NOT IN ('UTF8', 'SQL_ASCII')
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding();           -- just to label the results files
+ getdatabaseencoding 
+---------------------
+ UTF8
+(1 row)
+
+-- first json
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '"\u"'::json;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u"'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u"
+SELECT '"\u00"'::json;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u00"'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u00"
+SELECT '"\u000g"'::json;		-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u000g"'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u000g...
+SELECT '"\u0000"'::json;		-- OK, legal escape
+   json   
+----------
+ "\u0000"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '"\uaBcD"'::json;		-- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+   json   
+----------
+ "\uaBcD"
+(1 row)
+
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+select json '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36" }' -> 'a' as correct_in_utf8;
+      correct_in_utf8       
+----------------------------
+ "\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36"
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+DETAIL:  Unicode high surrogate must not follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d...
+select json '{ "a":  "\ude04\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- surrogates in wrong order
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ude04...
+select json '{ "a":  "\ud83dX" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan high surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ud83dX...
+select json '{ "a":  "\ude04X" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan low surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ude04...
+--handling of simple unicode escapes
+select json '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' as correct_in_utf8;
+            correct_in_utf8            
+---------------------------------------
+ { "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' as correct_everywhere;
+         correct_everywhere          
+-------------------------------------
+ { "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' as not_an_escape;
+            not_an_escape             
+--------------------------------------
+ { "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' as not_unescaped;
+         not_unescaped          
+--------------------------------
+ { "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' as not_an_escape;
+          not_an_escape          
+---------------------------------
+ { "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' ->> 'a' as correct_in_utf8;
+   correct_in_utf8    
+----------------------
+ the Copyright © sign
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as correct_everywhere;
+ correct_everywhere 
+--------------------
+ dollar $ character
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
+      not_an_escape      
+-------------------------
+ dollar \u0024 character
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as fails;
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "null \u0000...
+select json '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
+   not_an_escape    
+--------------------
+ null \u0000 escape
+(1 row)
+
+-- then jsonb
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '"\u"'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u"'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u"
+SELECT '"\u00"'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u00"'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u00"
+SELECT '"\u000g"'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u000g"'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u000g...
+SELECT '"\u0045"'::jsonb;		-- OK, legal escape
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ "E"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '"\u0000"'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, we don't support U+0000
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u0000"'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u0000...
+-- use octet_length here so we don't get an odd unicode char in the
+-- output
+SELECT octet_length('"\uaBcD"'::jsonb::text); -- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+ octet_length 
+--------------
+            5
+(1 row)
+
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+SELECT octet_length((jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36" }' -> 'a')::text) AS correct_in_utf8;
+ correct_in_utf8 
+-----------------
+              10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d" }' -> 'a';
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode high surrogate must not follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d...
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ude04\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- surrogates in wrong order
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ude04\ud83d" }' -> 'a';
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ude04...
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83dX" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan high surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83dX" }' -> 'a';
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ud83dX...
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ude04X" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan low surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ude04X" }' -> 'a';
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ude04...
+-- handling of simple unicode escapes
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' as correct_in_utf8;
+        correct_in_utf8        
+-------------------------------
+ {"a": "the Copyright © sign"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' as correct_everywhere;
+     correct_everywhere      
+-----------------------------
+ {"a": "dollar $ character"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' as not_an_escape;
+           not_an_escape           
+-----------------------------------
+ {"a": "dollar \\u0024 character"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' as fails;
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' as fails;
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "null \u0000...
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' as not_an_escape;
+        not_an_escape         
+------------------------------
+ {"a": "null \\u0000 escape"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' ->> 'a' as correct_in_utf8;
+   correct_in_utf8    
+----------------------
+ the Copyright © sign
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as correct_everywhere;
+ correct_everywhere 
+--------------------
+ dollar $ character
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
+      not_an_escape      
+-------------------------
+ dollar \u0024 character
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as fails;
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as fai...
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "null \u0000...
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
+   not_an_escape    
+--------------------
+ null \u0000 escape
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/json_encoding_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/json_encoding_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..938f8e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/json_encoding_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+--
+-- encoding-sensitive tests for json and jsonb
+--
+-- We provide expected-results files for UTF8 (json_encoding.out)
+-- and for SQL_ASCII (json_encoding_1.out).  Skip otherwise.
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() NOT IN ('UTF8', 'SQL_ASCII')
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding();           -- just to label the results files
+ getdatabaseencoding 
+---------------------
+ SQL_ASCII
+(1 row)
+
+-- first json
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '"\u"'::json;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u"'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u"
+SELECT '"\u00"'::json;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u00"'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u00"
+SELECT '"\u000g"'::json;		-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u000g"'::json;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u000g...
+SELECT '"\u0000"'::json;		-- OK, legal escape
+   json   
+----------
+ "\u0000"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '"\uaBcD"'::json;		-- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+   json   
+----------
+ "\uaBcD"
+(1 row)
+
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+select json '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36" }' -> 'a' as correct_in_utf8;
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+select json '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+DETAIL:  Unicode high surrogate must not follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d...
+select json '{ "a":  "\ude04\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- surrogates in wrong order
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ude04...
+select json '{ "a":  "\ud83dX" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan high surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ud83dX...
+select json '{ "a":  "\ude04X" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan low surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ude04...
+--handling of simple unicode escapes
+select json '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' as correct_in_utf8;
+            correct_in_utf8            
+---------------------------------------
+ { "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' as correct_everywhere;
+         correct_everywhere          
+-------------------------------------
+ { "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' as not_an_escape;
+            not_an_escape             
+--------------------------------------
+ { "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' as not_unescaped;
+         not_unescaped          
+--------------------------------
+ { "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' as not_an_escape;
+          not_an_escape          
+---------------------------------
+ { "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' ->> 'a' as correct_in_utf8;
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as correct_everywhere;
+ correct_everywhere 
+--------------------
+ dollar $ character
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
+      not_an_escape      
+-------------------------
+ dollar \u0024 character
+(1 row)
+
+select json '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as fails;
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "null \u0000...
+select json '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
+   not_an_escape    
+--------------------
+ null \u0000 escape
+(1 row)
+
+-- then jsonb
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '"\u"'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u"'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u"
+SELECT '"\u00"'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u00"'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u00"
+SELECT '"\u000g"'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u000g"'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  "\u" must be followed by four hexadecimal digits.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u000g...
+SELECT '"\u0045"'::jsonb;		-- OK, legal escape
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ "E"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '"\u0000"'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, we don't support U+0000
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u0000"'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\u0000...
+-- use octet_length here so we don't get an odd unicode char in the
+-- output
+SELECT octet_length('"\uaBcD"'::jsonb::text); -- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+LINE 1: SELECT octet_length('"\uaBcD"'::jsonb::text);
+                            ^
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+SELECT octet_length((jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36" }' -> 'a')::text) AS correct_in_utf8;
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+LINE 1: SELECT octet_length((jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc3...
+                                   ^
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d" }' -> 'a';
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode high surrogate must not follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d...
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ude04\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- surrogates in wrong order
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ude04\ud83d" }' -> 'a';
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ude04...
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83dX" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan high surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83dX" }' -> 'a';
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ud83dX...
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ude04X" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan low surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ude04X" }' -> 'a';
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "\ude04...
+-- handling of simple unicode escapes
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' as correct_in_utf8;
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' as corr...
+                     ^
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' as correct_everywhere;
+     correct_everywhere      
+-----------------------------
+ {"a": "dollar $ character"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' as not_an_escape;
+           not_an_escape           
+-----------------------------------
+ {"a": "dollar \\u0024 character"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' as fails;
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' as fails;
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "null \u0000...
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' as not_an_escape;
+        not_an_escape         
+------------------------------
+ {"a": "null \\u0000 escape"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' ->> 'a' as correct_in_utf8;
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' ->> 'a'...
+                     ^
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as correct_everywhere;
+ correct_everywhere 
+--------------------
+ dollar $ character
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
+      not_an_escape      
+-------------------------
+ dollar \u0024 character
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as fails;
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as fai...
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: { "a":  "null \u0000...
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
+   not_an_escape    
+--------------------
+ null \u0000 escape
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/json_encoding_2.out b/src/test/regress/expected/json_encoding_2.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fc8f02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/json_encoding_2.out
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+--
+-- encoding-sensitive tests for json and jsonb
+--
+-- We provide expected-results files for UTF8 (json_encoding.out)
+-- and for SQL_ASCII (json_encoding_1.out).  Skip otherwise.
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() NOT IN ('UTF8', 'SQL_ASCII')
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/jsonb.out b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonb.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6530e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonb.out
@@ -0,0 +1,5559 @@
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+CREATE TABLE testjsonb (
+       j jsonb
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/jsonb.data'
+COPY testjsonb FROM :'filename';
+-- Strings.
+SELECT '""'::jsonb;				-- OK.
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ ""
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT $$''$$::jsonb;			-- ERROR, single quotes are not allowed
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT $$''$$::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "'" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: '...
+SELECT '"abc"'::jsonb;			-- OK
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ "abc"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '"abc'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, quotes not closed
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"abc'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token ""abc" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "abc
+SELECT '"abc
+def"'::jsonb;					-- ERROR, unescaped newline in string constant
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"abc
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Character with value 0x0a must be escaped.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "abc
+SELECT '"\n\"\\"'::jsonb;		-- OK, legal escapes
+  jsonb   
+----------
+ "\n\"\\"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '"\v"'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, not a valid JSON escape
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\v"'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Escape sequence "\v" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: "\v...
+-- see json_encoding test for input with unicode escapes
+-- Numbers.
+SELECT '1'::jsonb;				-- OK
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0'::jsonb;				-- OK
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '01'::jsonb;				-- ERROR, not valid according to JSON spec
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '01'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "01" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: 01
+SELECT '0.1'::jsonb;				-- OK
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 0.1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '9223372036854775808'::jsonb;	-- OK, even though it's too large for int8
+        jsonb        
+---------------------
+ 9223372036854775808
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1e100'::jsonb;			-- OK
+                                                 jsonb                                                 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1.3e100'::jsonb;			-- OK
+                                                 jsonb                                                 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 13000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1f2'::jsonb;				-- ERROR
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '1f2'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "1f2" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: 1f2
+SELECT '0.x1'::jsonb;			-- ERROR
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '0.x1'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "0.x1" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: 0.x1
+SELECT '1.3ex100'::jsonb;		-- ERROR
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '1.3ex100'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "1.3ex100" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: 1.3ex100
+-- Arrays.
+SELECT '[]'::jsonb;				-- OK
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]'::jsonb;  -- OK
+                                                                                                  jsonb                                                                                                   
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1,2]'::jsonb;			-- OK
+ jsonb  
+--------
+ [1, 2]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1,2,]'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, trailing comma
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,]'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected JSON value, but found "]".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: [1,2,]
+SELECT '[1,2'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, no closing bracket
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  The input string ended unexpectedly.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: [1,2
+SELECT '[1,[2]'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, no closing bracket
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '[1,[2]'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  The input string ended unexpectedly.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: [1,[2]
+-- Objects.
+SELECT '{}'::jsonb;				-- OK
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"abc"}'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, no value
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc"}'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected ":", but found "}".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc"}
+SELECT '{"abc":1}'::jsonb;		-- OK
+   jsonb    
+------------
+ {"abc": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{1:"abc"}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, keys must be strings
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{1:"abc"}'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected string or "}", but found "1".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {1...
+SELECT '{"abc",1}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, wrong separator
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc",1}'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected ":", but found ",".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc",...
+SELECT '{"abc"=1}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, totally wrong separator
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc"=1}'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "=" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc"=...
+SELECT '{"abc"::1}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, another wrong separator
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc"::1}'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected JSON value, but found ":".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc"::...
+SELECT '{"abc":1,"def":2,"ghi":[3,4],"hij":{"klm":5,"nop":[6]}}'::jsonb; -- OK
+                               jsonb                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"abc": 1, "def": 2, "ghi": [3, 4], "hij": {"klm": 5, "nop": [6]}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"abc":1:2}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, colon in wrong spot
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc":1:2}'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected "," or "}", but found ":".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc":1:...
+SELECT '{"abc":1,3}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, no value
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{"abc":1,3}'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected string, but found "3".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: {"abc":1,3...
+-- Recursion.
+SET max_stack_depth = '100kB';
+SELECT repeat('[', 10000)::jsonb;
+ERROR:  stack depth limit exceeded
+HINT:  Increase the configuration parameter "max_stack_depth" (currently 100kB), after ensuring the platform's stack depth limit is adequate.
+SELECT repeat('{"a":', 10000)::jsonb;
+ERROR:  stack depth limit exceeded
+HINT:  Increase the configuration parameter "max_stack_depth" (currently 100kB), after ensuring the platform's stack depth limit is adequate.
+RESET max_stack_depth;
+-- Miscellaneous stuff.
+SELECT 'true'::jsonb;			-- OK
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ true
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'false'::jsonb;			-- OK
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ false
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'null'::jsonb;			-- OK
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ' true '::jsonb;			-- OK, even with extra whitespace
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ true
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'true false'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, too many values
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT 'true false'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected end of input, but found "false".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: true false
+SELECT 'true, false'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, too many values
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT 'true, false'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected end of input, but found ",".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: true,...
+SELECT 'truf'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, not a keyword
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT 'truf'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "truf" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: truf
+SELECT 'trues'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, not a keyword
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT 'trues'::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Token "trues" is invalid.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: trues
+SELECT ''::jsonb;				-- ERROR, no value
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT ''::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  The input string ended unexpectedly.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1: 
+SELECT '    '::jsonb;			-- ERROR, no value
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '    '::jsonb;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  The input string ended unexpectedly.
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 1:     
+-- Multi-line JSON input to check ERROR reporting
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":"two",
+		"three":
+		true}'::jsonb; -- OK
+                  jsonb                  
+-----------------------------------------
+ {"one": 1, "two": "two", "three": true}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":,"two",  -- ERROR extraneous comma before field "two"
+		"three":
+		true}'::jsonb;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected JSON value, but found ",".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 3: 		"two":,...
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":"two",
+		"averyveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryverylongfieldname":}'::jsonb;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
+LINE 1: SELECT '{
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected JSON value, but found "}".
+CONTEXT:  JSON data, line 4: ...yveryveryveryveryveryveryveryverylongfieldname":}
+-- ERROR missing value for last field
+-- make sure jsonb is passed through json generators without being escaped
+SELECT array_to_json(ARRAY [jsonb '{"a":1}', jsonb '{"b":[2,3]}']);
+      array_to_json       
+--------------------------
+ [{"a": 1},{"b": [2, 3]}]
+(1 row)
+
+-- anyarray column
+CREATE TEMP TABLE rows AS
+SELECT x, 'txt' || x as y
+FROM generate_series(1,3) AS x;
+analyze rows;
+select attname, to_jsonb(histogram_bounds) histogram_bounds
+from pg_stats
+where tablename = 'rows' and
+      schemaname = pg_my_temp_schema()::regnamespace::text
+order by 1;
+ attname |     histogram_bounds     
+---------+--------------------------
+ x       | [1, 2, 3]
+ y       | ["txt1", "txt2", "txt3"]
+(2 rows)
+
+-- to_jsonb, timestamps
+select to_jsonb(timestamp '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298');
+           to_jsonb           
+------------------------------
+ "2014-05-28T12:22:35.614298"
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL TIME ZONE 10.5;
+select to_jsonb(timestamptz '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298-04');
+              to_jsonb              
+------------------------------------
+ "2014-05-29T02:52:35.614298+10:30"
+(1 row)
+
+SET LOCAL TIME ZONE -8;
+select to_jsonb(timestamptz '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298-04');
+              to_jsonb              
+------------------------------------
+ "2014-05-28T08:22:35.614298-08:00"
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+select to_jsonb(date '2014-05-28');
+   to_jsonb   
+--------------
+ "2014-05-28"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_jsonb(date 'Infinity');
+  to_jsonb  
+------------
+ "infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_jsonb(date '-Infinity');
+  to_jsonb   
+-------------
+ "-infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_jsonb(timestamp 'Infinity');
+  to_jsonb  
+------------
+ "infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_jsonb(timestamp '-Infinity');
+  to_jsonb   
+-------------
+ "-infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_jsonb(timestamptz 'Infinity');
+  to_jsonb  
+------------
+ "infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+select to_jsonb(timestamptz '-Infinity');
+  to_jsonb   
+-------------
+ "-infinity"
+(1 row)
+
+--jsonb_agg
+SELECT jsonb_agg(q)
+  FROM ( SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b, y AS c,
+               ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]),
+               ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z
+         FROM generate_series(1,2) x,
+              generate_series(4,5) y) q;
+                                                                                                                                                                    jsonb_agg                                                                                                                                                                     
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [{"b": "a1", "c": 4, "z": [{"f1": 1, "f2": [1, 2, 3]}, {"f1": 4, "f2": [4, 5, 6]}]}, {"b": "a1", "c": 5, "z": [{"f1": 1, "f2": [1, 2, 3]}, {"f1": 5, "f2": [4, 5, 6]}]}, {"b": "a2", "c": 4, "z": [{"f1": 2, "f2": [1, 2, 3]}, {"f1": 4, "f2": [4, 5, 6]}]}, {"b": "a2", "c": 5, "z": [{"f1": 2, "f2": [1, 2, 3]}, {"f1": 5, "f2": [4, 5, 6]}]}]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_agg(q ORDER BY x, y)
+  FROM rows q;
+                               jsonb_agg                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [{"x": 1, "y": "txt1"}, {"x": 2, "y": "txt2"}, {"x": 3, "y": "txt3"}]
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rows SET x = NULL WHERE x = 1;
+SELECT jsonb_agg(q ORDER BY x NULLS FIRST, y)
+  FROM rows q;
+                                jsonb_agg                                 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [{"x": null, "y": "txt1"}, {"x": 2, "y": "txt2"}, {"x": 3, "y": "txt3"}]
+(1 row)
+
+-- jsonb extraction functions
+CREATE TEMP TABLE test_jsonb (
+       json_type text,
+       test_json jsonb
+);
+INSERT INTO test_jsonb VALUES
+('scalar','"a scalar"'),
+('array','["zero", "one","two",null,"four","five", [1,2,3],{"f1":9}]'),
+('object','{"field1":"val1","field2":"val2","field3":null, "field4": 4, "field5": [1,2,3], "field6": {"f1":9}}');
+SELECT test_json -> 'x' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 'x' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 'x' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 'field2' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "val2"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field2' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field2' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field2' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ val2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "two"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 9 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json -> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 6 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [1, 2, 3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 7 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ {"f1": 9}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field4' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field5' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [1, 2, 3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field6' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ {"f1": 9}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ two
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_object_keys(test_json) FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+ERROR:  cannot call jsonb_object_keys on a scalar
+SELECT jsonb_object_keys(test_json) FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ERROR:  cannot call jsonb_object_keys on an array
+SELECT jsonb_object_keys(test_json) FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ jsonb_object_keys 
+-------------------
+ field1
+ field2
+ field3
+ field4
+ field5
+ field6
+(6 rows)
+
+-- nulls
+SELECT (test_json->'field3') IS NULL AS expect_false FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ expect_false 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (test_json->>'field3') IS NULL AS expect_true FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+ expect_true 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (test_json->3) IS NULL AS expect_false FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ expect_false 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (test_json->>3) IS NULL AS expect_true FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+ expect_true 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- corner cases
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb -> null::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb -> null::int;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb -> 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb -> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb -> '';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb -> 1;
+  ?column?   
+-------------
+ {"b": "cc"}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb -> 3;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb -> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": "c", "b": null}'::jsonb -> 'b';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::jsonb -> 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::jsonb -> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb ->> null::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb ->> null::int;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb ->> 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb ->> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb ->> '';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb ->> 1;
+  ?column?   
+-------------
+ {"b": "cc"}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb ->> 3;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb ->> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": "c", "b": null}'::jsonb ->> 'b';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::jsonb ->> 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::jsonb ->> 'z';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- equality and inequality
+SELECT '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb = '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb = '{"x":"z"}'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb <> '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb <> '{"x":"z"}'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- containment
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"b"}');
+ jsonb_contains 
+----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"b", "c":null}');
+ jsonb_contains 
+----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"b", "g":null}');
+ jsonb_contains 
+----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"g":null}');
+ jsonb_contains 
+----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"c"}');
+ jsonb_contains 
+----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"b"}');
+ jsonb_contains 
+----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"b", "c":"q"}');
+ jsonb_contains 
+----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"b"}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"b", "c":null}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"b", "g":null}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"g":null}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"c"}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"b"}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"b", "c":"q"}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1,2]'::jsonb @> '[1,2,2]'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1,1,2]'::jsonb @> '[1,2,2]'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[[1,2]]'::jsonb @> '[[1,2,2]]'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1,2,2]'::jsonb <@ '[1,2]'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[1,2,2]'::jsonb <@ '[1,1,2]'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[[1,2,2]]'::jsonb <@ '[[1,2]]'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"b"}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+ jsonb_contained 
+-----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"b", "c":null}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+ jsonb_contained 
+-----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"b", "g":null}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+ jsonb_contained 
+-----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"g":null}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+ jsonb_contained 
+-----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"c"}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+ jsonb_contained 
+-----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"b"}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+ jsonb_contained 
+-----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"b", "c":"q"}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+ jsonb_contained 
+-----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b"}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "c":null}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "g":null}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"g":null}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"c"}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b"}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "c":"q"}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- Raw scalar may contain another raw scalar, array may contain a raw scalar
+SELECT '[5]'::jsonb @> '[5]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '5'::jsonb @> '5';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[5]'::jsonb @> '5';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- But a raw scalar cannot contain an array
+SELECT '5'::jsonb @> '[5]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- In general, one thing should always contain itself. Test array containment:
+SELECT '["9", ["7", "3"], 1]'::jsonb @> '["9", ["7", "3"], 1]'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["9", ["7", "3"], ["1"]]'::jsonb @> '["9", ["7", "3"], ["1"]]'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- array containment string matching confusion bug
+SELECT '{ "name": "Bob", "tags": [ "enim", "qui"]}'::jsonb @> '{"tags":["qu"]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- array length
+SELECT jsonb_array_length('[1,2,3,{"f1":1,"f2":[5,6]},4]');
+ jsonb_array_length 
+--------------------
+                  5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_array_length('[]');
+ jsonb_array_length 
+--------------------
+                  0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_array_length('{"f1":1,"f2":[5,6]}');
+ERROR:  cannot get array length of a non-array
+SELECT jsonb_array_length('4');
+ERROR:  cannot get array length of a scalar
+-- each
+SELECT jsonb_each('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null}');
+     jsonb_each     
+--------------------
+ (f1,"[1, 2, 3]")
+ (f2,"{""f3"": 1}")
+ (f4,null)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT jsonb_each('{"a":{"b":"c","c":"b","1":"first"},"b":[1,2],"c":"cc","1":"first","n":null}'::jsonb) AS q;
+                          q                           
+------------------------------------------------------
+ (1,"""first""")
+ (a,"{""1"": ""first"", ""b"": ""c"", ""c"": ""b""}")
+ (b,"[1, 2]")
+ (c,"""cc""")
+ (n,null)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_each('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}') q;
+ key |   value   
+-----+-----------
+ f1  | [1, 2, 3]
+ f2  | {"f3": 1}
+ f4  | null
+ f5  | 99
+ f6  | "stringy"
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_each('{"a":{"b":"c","c":"b","1":"first"},"b":[1,2],"c":"cc","1":"first","n":null}'::jsonb) AS q;
+ key |               value                
+-----+------------------------------------
+ 1   | "first"
+ a   | {"1": "first", "b": "c", "c": "b"}
+ b   | [1, 2]
+ c   | "cc"
+ n   | null
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT jsonb_each_text('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":"null"}');
+  jsonb_each_text   
+--------------------
+ (f1,"[1, 2, 3]")
+ (f2,"{""f3"": 1}")
+ (f4,)
+ (f5,null)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT jsonb_each_text('{"a":{"b":"c","c":"b","1":"first"},"b":[1,2],"c":"cc","1":"first","n":null}'::jsonb) AS q;
+                          q                           
+------------------------------------------------------
+ (1,first)
+ (a,"{""1"": ""first"", ""b"": ""c"", ""c"": ""b""}")
+ (b,"[1, 2]")
+ (c,cc)
+ (n,)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_each_text('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}') q;
+ key |   value   
+-----+-----------
+ f1  | [1, 2, 3]
+ f2  | {"f3": 1}
+ f4  | 
+ f5  | 99
+ f6  | stringy
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_each_text('{"a":{"b":"c","c":"b","1":"first"},"b":[1,2],"c":"cc","1":"first","n":null}'::jsonb) AS q;
+ key |               value                
+-----+------------------------------------
+ 1   | first
+ a   | {"1": "first", "b": "c", "c": "b"}
+ b   | [1, 2]
+ c   | cc
+ n   | 
+(5 rows)
+
+-- exists
+SELECT jsonb_exists('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', 'a');
+ jsonb_exists 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', 'b');
+ jsonb_exists 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', 'c');
+ jsonb_exists 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists('{"a":"null", "b":"qq"}', 'a');
+ jsonb_exists 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ? 'a';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ? 'b';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ? 'c';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":"null", "b":"qq"}' ? 'a';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- array exists - array elements should behave as keys
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' ? 'bar';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- type sensitive array exists - should return no rows (since "exists" only
+-- matches strings that are either object keys or array elements)
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' ? '5'::text;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- However, a raw scalar is *contained* within the array
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' @> '5'::jsonb;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_any('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['a','b']);
+ jsonb_exists_any 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_any('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['b','a']);
+ jsonb_exists_any 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_any('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['c','a']);
+ jsonb_exists_any 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_any('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['c','d']);
+ jsonb_exists_any 
+------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_any('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', '{}'::text[]);
+ jsonb_exists_any 
+------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?| ARRAY['a','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?| ARRAY['b','a'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?| ARRAY['c','a'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?| ARRAY['c','d'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?| '{}'::text[];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_all('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['a','b']);
+ jsonb_exists_all 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_all('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['b','a']);
+ jsonb_exists_all 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_all('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['c','a']);
+ jsonb_exists_all 
+------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_all('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['c','d']);
+ jsonb_exists_all 
+------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_all('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', '{}'::text[]);
+ jsonb_exists_all 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& ARRAY['a','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& ARRAY['b','a'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& ARRAY['c','a'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& ARRAY['c','d'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& ARRAY['a','a', 'b', 'b', 'b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& '{}'::text[];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- typeof
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('{}') AS object;
+ object 
+--------
+ object
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('{"c":3,"p":"o"}') AS object;
+ object 
+--------
+ object
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('[]') AS array;
+ array 
+-------
+ array
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('["a", 1]') AS array;
+ array 
+-------
+ array
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('null') AS "null";
+ null 
+------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('1') AS number;
+ number 
+--------
+ number
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('-1') AS number;
+ number 
+--------
+ number
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('1.0') AS number;
+ number 
+--------
+ number
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('1e2') AS number;
+ number 
+--------
+ number
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('-1.0') AS number;
+ number 
+--------
+ number
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('true') AS boolean;
+ boolean 
+---------
+ boolean
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('false') AS boolean;
+ boolean 
+---------
+ boolean
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('"hello"') AS string;
+ string 
+--------
+ string
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('"true"') AS string;
+ string 
+--------
+ string
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('"1.0"') AS string;
+ string 
+--------
+ string
+(1 row)
+
+-- jsonb_build_array, jsonb_build_object, jsonb_object_agg
+SELECT jsonb_build_array('a',1,'b',1.2,'c',true,'d',null,'e',json '{"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}');
+                            jsonb_build_array                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ["a", 1, "b", 1.2, "c", true, "d", null, "e", {"x": 3, "y": [1, 2, 3]}]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_array('a', NULL); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_array 
+-------------------
+ ["a", null]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC NULL::text[]); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_array 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC '{}'::text[]); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_array 
+-------------------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC '{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_array 
+-------------------
+ ["a", "b", "c"]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC ARRAY['a', NULL]::text[]); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_array 
+-------------------
+ ["a", null]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::text[]); -- ok
+  jsonb_build_array   
+----------------------
+ ["1", "2", "3", "4"]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::int[]); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_array 
+-------------------
+ [1, 2, 3, 4]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC '{{1,4},{2,5},{3,6}}'::int[][]); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_array  
+--------------------
+ [1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('a',1,'b',1.2,'c',true,'d',null,'e',json '{"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}');
+                           jsonb_build_object                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": 1.2, "c": true, "d": null, "e": {"x": 3, "y": [1, 2, 3]}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(
+       'a', jsonb_build_object('b',false,'c',99),
+       'd', jsonb_build_object('e',array[9,8,7]::int[],
+           'f', (select row_to_json(r) from ( select relkind, oid::regclass as name from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') r)));
+                                       jsonb_build_object                                       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": {"b": false, "c": 99}, "d": {"e": [9, 8, 7], "f": {"name": "pg_class", "relkind": "r"}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- error
+ERROR:  argument list must have even number of elements
+HINT:  The arguments of jsonb_build_object() must consist of alternating keys and values.
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('{a,b,c}'::text[], '{d,e,f}'::text[]); -- error, key cannot be array
+ERROR:  key value must be scalar, not array, composite, or json
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('a', 'b', 'c'); -- error
+ERROR:  argument list must have even number of elements
+HINT:  The arguments of jsonb_build_object() must consist of alternating keys and values.
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(NULL, 'a'); -- error, key cannot be NULL
+ERROR:  argument 1: key must not be null
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('a', NULL); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_object 
+--------------------
+ {"a": null}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC NULL::text[]); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_object 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC '{}'::text[]); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_object 
+--------------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC '{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- error
+ERROR:  argument list must have even number of elements
+HINT:  The arguments of jsonb_build_object() must consist of alternating keys and values.
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC ARRAY['a', NULL]::text[]); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_object 
+--------------------
+ {"a": null}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC ARRAY[NULL, 'a']::text[]); -- error, key cannot be NULL
+ERROR:  argument 1: key must not be null
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::text[]); -- ok
+  jsonb_build_object  
+----------------------
+ {"1": "2", "3": "4"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::int[]); -- ok
+ jsonb_build_object 
+--------------------
+ {"1": 2, "3": 4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC '{{1,4},{2,5},{3,6}}'::int[][]); -- ok
+    jsonb_build_object    
+--------------------------
+ {"1": 4, "2": 5, "3": 6}
+(1 row)
+
+-- empty objects/arrays
+SELECT jsonb_build_array();
+ jsonb_build_array 
+-------------------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object();
+ jsonb_build_object 
+--------------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+-- make sure keys are quoted
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(1,2);
+ jsonb_build_object 
+--------------------
+ {"1": 2}
+(1 row)
+
+-- keys must be scalar and not null
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(null,2);
+ERROR:  argument 1: key must not be null
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(r,2) FROM (SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b) r;
+ERROR:  key value must be scalar, not array, composite, or json
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(json '{"a":1,"b":2}', 3);
+ERROR:  key value must be scalar, not array, composite, or json
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('{1,2,3}'::int[], 3);
+ERROR:  key value must be scalar, not array, composite, or json
+-- handling of NULL values
+SELECT jsonb_object_agg(1, NULL::jsonb);
+ jsonb_object_agg 
+------------------
+ {"1": null}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_object_agg(NULL, '{"a":1}');
+ERROR:  field name must not be null
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (serial_num int, name text, type text);
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847001,'t15','GE1043');
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847002,'t16','GE1043');
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847003,'sub-alpha','GESS90');
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('turbines',jsonb_object_agg(serial_num,jsonb_build_object('name',name,'type',type)))
+FROM foo;
+                                                                     jsonb_build_object                                                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"turbines": {"847001": {"name": "t15", "type": "GE1043"}, "847002": {"name": "t16", "type": "GE1043"}, "847003": {"name": "sub-alpha", "type": "GESS90"}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_object_agg(name, type) FROM foo;
+                     jsonb_object_agg                      
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ {"t15": "GE1043", "t16": "GE1043", "sub-alpha": "GESS90"}
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (999999, NULL, 'bar');
+SELECT jsonb_object_agg(name, type) FROM foo;
+ERROR:  field name must not be null
+-- edge case for parser
+SELECT jsonb_object_agg(DISTINCT 'a', 'abc');
+ jsonb_object_agg 
+------------------
+ {"a": "abc"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- jsonb_object
+-- empty object, one dimension
+SELECT jsonb_object('{}');
+ jsonb_object 
+--------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+-- empty object, two dimensions
+SELECT jsonb_object('{}', '{}');
+ jsonb_object 
+--------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+-- one dimension
+SELECT jsonb_object('{a,1,b,2,3,NULL,"d e f","a b c"}');
+                   jsonb_object                    
+---------------------------------------------------
+ {"3": null, "a": "1", "b": "2", "d e f": "a b c"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- same but with two dimensions
+SELECT jsonb_object('{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}');
+                   jsonb_object                    
+---------------------------------------------------
+ {"3": null, "a": "1", "b": "2", "d e f": "a b c"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- odd number error
+SELECT jsonb_object('{a,b,c}');
+ERROR:  array must have even number of elements
+-- one column error
+SELECT jsonb_object('{{a},{b}}');
+ERROR:  array must have two columns
+-- too many columns error
+SELECT jsonb_object('{{a,b,c},{b,c,d}}');
+ERROR:  array must have two columns
+-- too many dimensions error
+SELECT jsonb_object('{{{a,b},{c,d}},{{b,c},{d,e}}}');
+ERROR:  wrong number of array subscripts
+--two argument form of jsonb_object
+select jsonb_object('{a,b,c,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+                   jsonb_object                   
+--------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": "1", "b": "2", "c": "3", "d e f": "a b c"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- too many dimensions
+SELECT jsonb_object('{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}', '{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}');
+ERROR:  wrong number of array subscripts
+-- mismatched dimensions
+select jsonb_object('{a,b,c,"d e f",g}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+ERROR:  mismatched array dimensions
+select jsonb_object('{a,b,c,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c",g}');
+ERROR:  mismatched array dimensions
+-- null key error
+select jsonb_object('{a,b,NULL,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+ERROR:  null value not allowed for object key
+-- empty key is allowed
+select jsonb_object('{a,b,"","d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+                  jsonb_object                   
+-------------------------------------------------
+ {"": "3", "a": "1", "b": "2", "d e f": "a b c"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- extract_path, extract_path_as_text
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f6');
+ jsonb_extract_path 
+--------------------
+ "stringy"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2');
+ jsonb_extract_path 
+--------------------
+ {"f3": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',0::text);
+ jsonb_extract_path 
+--------------------
+ "f3"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',1::text);
+ jsonb_extract_path 
+--------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f6');
+ jsonb_extract_path_text 
+-------------------------
+ stringy
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2');
+ jsonb_extract_path_text 
+-------------------------
+ {"f3": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',0::text);
+ jsonb_extract_path_text 
+-------------------------
+ f3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',1::text);
+ jsonb_extract_path_text 
+-------------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- extract_path nulls
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":null,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f5') IS NULL AS expect_false;
+ expect_false 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":null,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f5') IS NULL AS expect_true;
+ expect_true 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":[0,1,2,null]}','f4','3') IS NULL AS expect_false;
+ expect_false 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":[0,1,2,null]}','f4','3') IS NULL AS expect_true;
+ expect_true 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- extract_path operators
+SELECT '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>array['f4','f6'];
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ "stringy"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>array['f2'];
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ {"f3": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>array['f2','0'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "f3"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>array['f2','1'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>>array['f4','f6'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ stringy
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>>array['f2'];
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ {"f3": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>>array['f2','0'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>>array['f2','1'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- corner cases for same
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> '{}';
+          ?column?          
+----------------------------
+ {"a": {"b": {"c": "foo"}}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[1,2,3]'::jsonb #> '{}';
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [1, 2, 3]
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::jsonb #> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "foo"
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::jsonb #> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 42
+(1 row)
+
+select 'null'::jsonb #> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a'];
+      ?column?       
+---------------------
+ {"b": {"c": "foo"}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a', null];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a', ''];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a','b'];
+   ?column?   
+--------------
+ {"c": "foo"}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a','b','c'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "foo"
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a','b','c','d'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a','z','c'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb #> array['a','1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "cc"
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb #> array['a','z','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb #> array['1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "cc"
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb #> array['z','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": null}]'::jsonb #> array['1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::jsonb #> array['z'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::jsonb #> array['f2'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::jsonb #> array['0'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> '{}';
+          ?column?          
+----------------------------
+ {"a": {"b": {"c": "foo"}}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[1,2,3]'::jsonb #>> '{}';
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [1, 2, 3]
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::jsonb #>> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ foo
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::jsonb #>> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 42
+(1 row)
+
+select 'null'::jsonb #>> '{}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a'];
+      ?column?       
+---------------------
+ {"b": {"c": "foo"}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a', null];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a', ''];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a','b'];
+   ?column?   
+--------------
+ {"c": "foo"}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a','b','c'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ foo
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a','b','c','d'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a','z','c'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb #>> array['a','1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ cc
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb #>> array['a','z','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb #>> array['1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ cc
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb #>> array['z','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": null}]'::jsonb #>> array['1','b'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '"foo"'::jsonb #>> array['z'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::jsonb #>> array['f2'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select '42'::jsonb #>> array['0'];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- array_elements
+SELECT jsonb_array_elements('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false]');
+    jsonb_array_elements    
+----------------------------
+ 1
+ true
+ [1, [2, 3]]
+ null
+ {"f1": 1, "f2": [7, 8, 9]}
+ false
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_array_elements('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false]') q;
+           value            
+----------------------------
+ 1
+ true
+ [1, [2, 3]]
+ null
+ {"f1": 1, "f2": [7, 8, 9]}
+ false
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT jsonb_array_elements_text('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]');
+ jsonb_array_elements_text  
+----------------------------
+ 1
+ true
+ [1, [2, 3]]
+ 
+ {"f1": 1, "f2": [7, 8, 9]}
+ false
+ stringy
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_array_elements_text('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]') q;
+           value            
+----------------------------
+ 1
+ true
+ [1, [2, 3]]
+ 
+ {"f1": 1, "f2": [7, 8, 9]}
+ false
+ stringy
+(7 rows)
+
+-- populate_record
+CREATE TYPE jbpop AS (a text, b int, c timestamp);
+CREATE DOMAIN jsb_int_not_null  AS int     NOT NULL;
+CREATE DOMAIN jsb_int_array_1d  AS int[]   CHECK(array_length(VALUE, 1) = 3);
+CREATE DOMAIN jsb_int_array_2d  AS int[][] CHECK(array_length(VALUE, 2) = 3);
+create type jb_unordered_pair as (x int, y int);
+create domain jb_ordered_pair as jb_unordered_pair check((value).x <= (value).y);
+CREATE TYPE jsbrec AS (
+	i	int,
+	ia	_int4,
+	ia1	int[],
+	ia2	int[][],
+	ia3	int[][][],
+	ia1d	jsb_int_array_1d,
+	ia2d	jsb_int_array_2d,
+	t	text,
+	ta	text[],
+	c	char(10),
+	ca	char(10)[],
+	ts	timestamp,
+	js	json,
+	jsb	jsonb,
+	jsa	json[],
+	rec	jbpop,
+	reca	jbpop[]
+);
+CREATE TYPE jsbrec_i_not_null AS (
+	i	jsb_int_not_null
+);
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jbpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+   a    | b | c 
+--------+---+---
+ blurfl |   | 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+   a    | b |            c             
+--------+---+--------------------------
+ blurfl | 3 | Mon Dec 31 15:30:56 2012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jbpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+   a    | b | c 
+--------+---+---
+ blurfl |   | 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+   a    | b |            c             
+--------+---+--------------------------
+ blurfl | 3 | Mon Dec 31 15:30:56 2012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jbpop,'{"a":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+         a         | b | c 
+-------------------+---+---
+ [100, 200, false] |   | 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop,'{"a":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+         a         | b |            c             
+-------------------+---+--------------------------
+ [100, 200, false] | 3 | Mon Dec 31 15:30:56 2012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop,'{"c":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type timestamp: "[100, 200, false]"
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop, '{}') q;
+ a | b |            c             
+---+---+--------------------------
+ x | 3 | Mon Dec 31 15:30:56 2012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT i FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec_i_not_null, '{"x": 43.2}') q;
+ERROR:  domain jsb_int_not_null does not allow null values
+SELECT i FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec_i_not_null, '{"i": null}') q;
+ERROR:  domain jsb_int_not_null does not allow null values
+SELECT i FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec_i_not_null, '{"i": 12345}') q;
+   i   
+-------
+ 12345
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": null}') q;
+ ia 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ia".
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+      ia      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') q;
+      ia       
+---------------
+ {{1,2},{3,4}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": [[1], 2]}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the array element [1] of key "ia".
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": [[1], [2, 3]]}') q;
+ERROR:  malformed JSON array
+DETAIL:  Multidimensional arrays must have sub-arrays with matching dimensions.
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": "{1,2,3}"}') q;
+   ia    
+---------
+ {1,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia1 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1": null}') q;
+ ia1 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia1 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ia1".
+SELECT ia1 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+     ia1      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia1 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1": [[1, 2, 3]]}') q;
+    ia1    
+-----------
+ {{1,2,3}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia1d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1d": null}') q;
+ ia1d 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia1d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1d": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ia1d".
+SELECT ia1d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1d": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+ERROR:  value for domain jsb_int_array_1d violates check constraint "jsb_int_array_1d_check"
+SELECT ia1d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1d": [1, "2", null]}') q;
+    ia1d    
+------------
+ {1,2,NULL}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia2 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+     ia2      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia2 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], [null, 4]]}') q;
+       ia2        
+------------------
+ {{1,2},{NULL,4}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia2 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2": [[], []]}') q;
+ ia2 
+-----
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia2 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], [3]]}') q;
+ERROR:  malformed JSON array
+DETAIL:  Multidimensional arrays must have sub-arrays with matching dimensions.
+SELECT ia2 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], 3, 4]}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the array element [1] of key "ia2".
+SELECT ia2d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2d": [[1, "2"], [null, 4]]}') q;
+ERROR:  value for domain jsb_int_array_2d violates check constraint "jsb_int_array_2d_check"
+SELECT ia2d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2d": [[1, "2", 3], [null, 5, 6]]}') q;
+         ia2d         
+----------------------
+ {{1,2,3},{NULL,5,6}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+     ia3      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [[1, 2], [null, 4]]}') q;
+       ia3        
+------------------
+ {{1,2},{NULL,4}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [ [[], []], [[], []], [[], []] ]}') q;
+ ia3 
+-----
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2]], [[3, 4]] ]}') q;
+        ia3        
+-------------------
+ {{{1,2}},{{3,4}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]] ]}') q;
+              ia3              
+-------------------------------
+ {{{1,2},{3,4}},{{5,6},{7,8}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8], [9, 10]] ]}') q;
+ERROR:  malformed JSON array
+DETAIL:  Multidimensional arrays must have sub-arrays with matching dimensions.
+SELECT ta FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ta": null}') q;
+ ta 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ta FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ta": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ta".
+SELECT ta FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ta": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+      ta      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ta FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ta": [[1, 2, 3], {"k": "v"}]}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the array element [1] of key "ta".
+SELECT c FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"c": null}') q;
+ c 
+---
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"c": "aaa"}') q;
+     c      
+------------
+ aaa       
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"c": "aaaaaaaaaa"}') q;
+     c      
+------------
+ aaaaaaaaaa
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"c": "aaaaaaaaaaaaa"}') q;
+ERROR:  value too long for type character(10)
+SELECT ca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ca": null}') q;
+ ca 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ca": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ca".
+SELECT ca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ca": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+                      ca                       
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"1         ","2         ",NULL,"4         "}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ca": ["aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"]}') q;
+ERROR:  value too long for type character(10)
+SELECT ca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ca": [[1, 2, 3], {"k": "v"}]}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the array element [1] of key "ca".
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": null}') q;
+ js 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": true}') q;
+  js  
+------
+ true
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": 123.45}') q;
+   js   
+--------
+ 123.45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": "123.45"}') q;
+    js    
+----------
+ "123.45"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": "abc"}') q;
+  js   
+-------
+ "abc"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]}') q;
+                  js                  
+--------------------------------------
+ [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}}') q;
+                  js                  
+--------------------------------------
+ {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": null}') q;
+ jsb 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": true}') q;
+ jsb  
+------
+ true
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": 123.45}') q;
+  jsb   
+--------
+ 123.45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": "123.45"}') q;
+   jsb    
+----------
+ "123.45"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": "abc"}') q;
+  jsb  
+-------
+ "abc"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]}') q;
+                 jsb                  
+--------------------------------------
+ [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}}') q;
+                 jsb                  
+--------------------------------------
+ {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsa FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsa": null}') q;
+ jsa 
+-----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsa FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsa": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "jsa".
+SELECT jsa FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsa": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+        jsa         
+--------------------
+ {1,"\"2\"",NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsa FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsa": ["aaa", null, [1, 2, "3", {}], { "k" : "v" }]}') q;
+                          jsa                          
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ {"\"aaa\"",NULL,"[1, 2, \"3\", {}]","{\"k\": \"v\"}"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rec FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"rec": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  cannot call populate_composite on a scalar
+SELECT rec FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"rec": [1, 2]}') q;
+ERROR:  cannot call populate_composite on an array
+SELECT rec FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}}') q;
+                rec                
+-----------------------------------
+ (abc,,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rec FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"rec": "(abc,42,01.02.2003)"}') q;
+                 rec                 
+-------------------------------------
+ (abc,42,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT reca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"reca": 123}') q;
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "reca".
+SELECT reca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"reca": [1, 2]}') q;
+ERROR:  cannot call populate_composite on a scalar
+SELECT reca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"reca": [{"a": "abc", "b": 456}, null, {"c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}]}') q;
+                          reca                          
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ {"(abc,456,)",NULL,"(,,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT reca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"reca": ["(abc,42,01.02.2003)"]}') q;
+                   reca                    
+-------------------------------------------
+ {"(abc,42,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT reca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"reca": "{\"(abc,42,01.02.2003)\"}"}') q;
+                   reca                    
+-------------------------------------------
+ {"(abc,42,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rec FROM jsonb_populate_record(
+	row(NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,
+		row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop,NULL)::jsbrec,
+	'{"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}}'
+) q;
+                rec                 
+------------------------------------
+ (abc,3,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003")
+(1 row)
+
+-- anonymous record type
+SELECT jsonb_populate_record(null::record, '{"x": 0, "y": 1}');
+ERROR:  could not determine row type for result of jsonb_populate_record
+HINT:  Provide a non-null record argument, or call the function in the FROM clause using a column definition list.
+SELECT jsonb_populate_record(row(1,2), '{"f1": 0, "f2": 1}');
+ jsonb_populate_record 
+-----------------------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  jsonb_populate_record(null::record, '{"x": 776}') AS (x int, y int);
+  x  | y 
+-----+---
+ 776 |  
+(1 row)
+
+-- composite domain
+SELECT jsonb_populate_record(null::jb_ordered_pair, '{"x": 0, "y": 1}');
+ jsonb_populate_record 
+-----------------------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_populate_record(row(1,2)::jb_ordered_pair, '{"x": 0}');
+ jsonb_populate_record 
+-----------------------
+ (0,2)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_populate_record(row(1,2)::jb_ordered_pair, '{"x": 1, "y": 0}');
+ERROR:  value for domain jb_ordered_pair violates check constraint "jb_ordered_pair_check"
+-- populate_recordset
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(NULL::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b |            c             
+--------+---+--------------------------
+ blurfl |   | 
+        | 3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b  |            c             
+--------+----+--------------------------
+ blurfl | 99 | 
+ def    |  3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(NULL::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b |            c             
+--------+---+--------------------------
+ blurfl |   | 
+        | 3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b  |            c             
+--------+----+--------------------------
+ blurfl | 99 | 
+ def    |  3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"a":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+        a        | b  |            c             
+-----------------+----+--------------------------
+ [100, 200, 300] | 99 | 
+ {"z": true}     |  3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"c":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type timestamp: "[100, 200, 300]"
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(NULL::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b |            c             
+--------+---+--------------------------
+ blurfl |   | 
+        | 3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+   a    | b  |            c             
+--------+----+--------------------------
+ blurfl | 99 | 
+ def    |  3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"a":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+        a        | b  |            c             
+-----------------+----+--------------------------
+ [100, 200, 300] | 99 | 
+ {"z": true}     |  3 | Fri Jan 20 10:42:53 2012
+(2 rows)
+
+-- anonymous record type
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(null::record, '[{"x": 0, "y": 1}]');
+ERROR:  could not determine row type for result of jsonb_populate_recordset
+HINT:  Provide a non-null record argument, or call the function in the FROM clause using a column definition list.
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(row(1,2), '[{"f1": 0, "f2": 1}]');
+ jsonb_populate_recordset 
+--------------------------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT i, jsonb_populate_recordset(row(i,50), '[{"f1":"42"},{"f2":"43"}]')
+FROM (VALUES (1),(2)) v(i);
+ i | jsonb_populate_recordset 
+---+--------------------------
+ 1 | (42,50)
+ 1 | (1,43)
+ 2 | (42,50)
+ 2 | (2,43)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  jsonb_populate_recordset(null::record, '[{"x": 776}]') AS (x int, y int);
+  x  | y 
+-----+---
+ 776 |  
+(1 row)
+
+-- empty array is a corner case
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(null::record, '[]');
+ERROR:  could not determine row type for result of jsonb_populate_recordset
+HINT:  Provide a non-null record argument, or call the function in the FROM clause using a column definition list.
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(row(1,2), '[]');
+ jsonb_populate_recordset 
+--------------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(NULL::jbpop,'[]') q;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  jsonb_populate_recordset(null::record, '[]') AS (x int, y int);
+ x | y 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- composite domain
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(null::jb_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 0, "y": 1}]');
+ jsonb_populate_recordset 
+--------------------------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(row(1,2)::jb_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 0}, {"y": 3}]');
+ jsonb_populate_recordset 
+--------------------------
+ (0,2)
+ (1,3)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(row(1,2)::jb_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 1, "y": 0}]');
+ERROR:  value for domain jb_ordered_pair violates check constraint "jb_ordered_pair_check"
+-- negative cases where the wrong record type is supplied
+select * from jsonb_populate_recordset(row(0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+ERROR:  function return row and query-specified return row do not match
+DETAIL:  Returned row contains 1 attribute, but query expects 2.
+select * from jsonb_populate_recordset(row(0::int,0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+ERROR:  function return row and query-specified return row do not match
+DETAIL:  Returned type integer at ordinal position 1, but query expects text.
+select * from jsonb_populate_recordset(row(0::int,0::int,0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+ERROR:  function return row and query-specified return row do not match
+DETAIL:  Returned row contains 3 attributes, but query expects 2.
+select * from jsonb_populate_recordset(row(1000000000::int,50::int),'[{"b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+ERROR:  function return row and query-specified return row do not match
+DETAIL:  Returned type integer at ordinal position 1, but query expects text.
+-- jsonb_to_record and jsonb_to_recordset
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"a":1,"b":"foo","c":"bar"}')
+    as x(a int, b text, d text);
+ a |  b  | d 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | foo | 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_recordset('[{"a":1,"b":"foo","d":false},{"a":2,"b":"bar","c":true}]')
+    as x(a int, b text, c boolean);
+ a |  b  | c 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | foo | 
+ 2 | bar | t
+(2 rows)
+
+select *, c is null as c_is_null
+from jsonb_to_record('{"a":1, "b":{"c":16, "d":2}, "x":8, "ca": ["1 2", 3], "ia": [[1,2],[3,4]], "r": {"a": "aaa", "b": 123}}'::jsonb)
+    as t(a int, b jsonb, c text, x int, ca char(5)[], ia int[][], r jbpop);
+ a |         b         | c | x |        ca         |      ia       |     r      | c_is_null 
+---+-------------------+---+---+-------------------+---------------+------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"c": 16, "d": 2} |   | 8 | {"1 2  ","3    "} | {{1,2},{3,4}} | (aaa,123,) | t
+(1 row)
+
+select *, c is null as c_is_null
+from jsonb_to_recordset('[{"a":1, "b":{"c":16, "d":2}, "x":8}]'::jsonb)
+    as t(a int, b jsonb, c text, x int);
+ a |         b         | c | x | c_is_null 
+---+-------------------+---+---+-----------
+ 1 | {"c": 16, "d": 2} |   | 8 | t
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": null}') as x(ia _int4);
+ ia 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": 123}') as x(ia _int4);
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the value of key "ia".
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": [1, "2", null, 4]}') as x(ia _int4);
+      ia      
+--------------
+ {1,2,NULL,4}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') as x(ia _int4);
+      ia       
+---------------
+ {{1,2},{3,4}}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": [[1], 2]}') as x(ia _int4);
+ERROR:  expected JSON array
+HINT:  See the array element [1] of key "ia".
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": [[1], [2, 3]]}') as x(ia _int4);
+ERROR:  malformed JSON array
+DETAIL:  Multidimensional arrays must have sub-arrays with matching dimensions.
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia2": [1, 2, 3]}') as x(ia2 int[][]);
+   ia2   
+---------
+ {1,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia2": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') as x(ia2 int4[][]);
+      ia2      
+---------------
+ {{1,2},{3,4}}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia2": [[[1], [2], [3]]]}') as x(ia2 int4[][]);
+       ia2       
+-----------------
+ {{{1},{2},{3}}}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": {"key": 1}}') as x(out json);
+    out     
+------------
+ {"key": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": [{"key": 1}]}') as x(out json);
+     out      
+--------------
+ [{"key": 1}]
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": "{\"key\": 1}"}') as x(out json);
+      out       
+----------------
+ "{\"key\": 1}"
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": {"key": 1}}') as x(out jsonb);
+    out     
+------------
+ {"key": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": [{"key": 1}]}') as x(out jsonb);
+     out      
+--------------
+ [{"key": 1}]
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": "{\"key\": 1}"}') as x(out jsonb);
+      out       
+----------------
+ "{\"key\": 1}"
+(1 row)
+
+-- test type info caching in jsonb_populate_record()
+CREATE TEMP TABLE jsbpoptest (js jsonb);
+INSERT INTO jsbpoptest
+SELECT '{
+	"jsa": [1, "2", null, 4],
+	"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2},
+	"reca": [{"a": "abc", "b": 456}, null, {"c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}]
+}'::jsonb
+FROM generate_series(1, 3);
+SELECT (jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, js)).* FROM jsbpoptest;
+ i | ia | ia1 | ia2 | ia3 | ia1d | ia2d | t | ta | c | ca | ts | js | jsb |        jsa         |                rec                |                          reca                          
+---+----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+---+----+---+----+----+----+-----+--------------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------
+   |    |     |     |     |      |      |   |    |   |    |    |    |     | {1,"\"2\"",NULL,4} | (abc,,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003") | {"(abc,456,)",NULL,"(,,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+   |    |     |     |     |      |      |   |    |   |    |    |    |     | {1,"\"2\"",NULL,4} | (abc,,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003") | {"(abc,456,)",NULL,"(,,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+   |    |     |     |     |      |      |   |    |   |    |    |    |     | {1,"\"2\"",NULL,4} | (abc,,"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003") | {"(abc,456,)",NULL,"(,,\"Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2003\")"}
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TYPE jsbrec;
+DROP TYPE jsbrec_i_not_null;
+DROP DOMAIN jsb_int_not_null;
+DROP DOMAIN jsb_int_array_1d;
+DROP DOMAIN jsb_int_array_2d;
+DROP DOMAIN jb_ordered_pair;
+DROP TYPE jb_unordered_pair;
+-- indexing
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":null}';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC"}';
+ count 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC", "public":true}';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25}';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25.0}';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ? 'public';
+ count 
+-------
+   194
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ? 'bar';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ?| ARRAY['public','disabled'];
+ count 
+-------
+   337
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ?& ARRAY['public','disabled'];
+ count 
+-------
+    42
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == null';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '"CC" == $.wait';
+ count 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == "CC" && true == $.public';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25.0';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($)';
+ count 
+-------
+  1012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public)';
+ count 
+-------
+   194
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.bar)';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public) || exists($.disabled)';
+ count 
+-------
+   337
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public) && exists($.disabled)';
+ count 
+-------
+    42
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? (@ == null)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? ("CC" == @)';
+ count 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.wait == "CC" && true == @.public)';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.age ? (@ == 25)';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.age == 25.0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$';
+ count 
+-------
+  1012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.public';
+ count 
+-------
+   194
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.bar';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE INDEX jidx ON testjsonb USING gin (j);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":null}';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC"}';
+ count 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC", "public":true}';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25}';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25.0}';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"array":["foo"]}';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"array":["bar"]}';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- exercise GIN_SEARCH_MODE_ALL
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{}';
+ count 
+-------
+  1012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ? 'public';
+ count 
+-------
+   194
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ? 'bar';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ?| ARRAY['public','disabled'];
+ count 
+-------
+   337
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ?& ARRAY['public','disabled'];
+ count 
+-------
+    42
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == null';
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on testjsonb
+         Recheck Cond: (j @@ '($."wait" == null)'::jsonpath)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on jidx
+               Index Cond: (j @@ '($."wait" == null)'::jsonpath)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == null';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($ ? (@.wait == null))';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.wait ? (@ == null))';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '"CC" == $.wait';
+ count 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == "CC" && true == $.public';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25.0';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.array[*] == "foo"';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.array[*] == "bar"';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($ ? (@.array[*] == "bar"))';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.array ? (@[*] == "bar"))';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.array[*] ? (@ == "bar"))';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($)';
+ count 
+-------
+  1012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public)';
+ count 
+-------
+   194
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.bar)';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public) || exists($.disabled)';
+ count 
+-------
+   337
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public) && exists($.disabled)';
+ count 
+-------
+    42
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? (@ == null)';
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on testjsonb
+         Recheck Cond: (j @? '$."wait"?(@ == null)'::jsonpath)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on jidx
+               Index Cond: (j @? '$."wait"?(@ == null)'::jsonpath)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? (@ == null)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? ("CC" == @)';
+ count 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.wait == "CC" && true == @.public)';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.age ? (@ == 25)';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.age == 25.0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.array[*] == "bar")';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.array ? (@[*] == "bar")';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.array[*] ? (@ == "bar")';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$';
+ count 
+-------
+  1012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.public';
+ count 
+-------
+   194
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.bar';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- array exists - array elements should behave as keys (for GIN index scans too)
+CREATE INDEX jidx_array ON testjsonb USING gin((j->'array'));
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' ? 'bar';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- type sensitive array exists - should return no rows (since "exists" only
+-- matches strings that are either object keys or array elements)
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' ? '5'::text;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- However, a raw scalar is *contained* within the array
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' @> '5'::jsonb;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+SELECT count(*) FROM (SELECT (jsonb_each(j)).key FROM testjsonb) AS wow;
+ count 
+-------
+  4791
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT key, count(*) FROM (SELECT (jsonb_each(j)).key FROM testjsonb) AS wow GROUP BY key ORDER BY count DESC, key;
+    key    | count 
+-----------+-------
+ line      |   884
+ query     |   207
+ pos       |   203
+ node      |   202
+ space     |   197
+ status    |   195
+ public    |   194
+ title     |   190
+ wait      |   190
+ org       |   189
+ user      |   189
+ coauthors |   188
+ disabled  |   185
+ indexed   |   184
+ cleaned   |   180
+ bad       |   179
+ date      |   179
+ world     |   176
+ state     |   172
+ subtitle  |   169
+ auth      |   168
+ abstract  |   161
+ array     |     5
+ age       |     2
+ foo       |     2
+ fool      |     1
+(26 rows)
+
+-- sort/hash
+SELECT count(distinct j) FROM testjsonb;
+ count 
+-------
+   894
+(1 row)
+
+SET enable_hashagg = off;
+SELECT count(*) FROM (SELECT j FROM (SELECT * FROM testjsonb UNION ALL SELECT * FROM testjsonb) js GROUP BY j) js2;
+ count 
+-------
+   894
+(1 row)
+
+SET enable_hashagg = on;
+SET enable_sort = off;
+SELECT count(*) FROM (SELECT j FROM (SELECT * FROM testjsonb UNION ALL SELECT * FROM testjsonb) js GROUP BY j) js2;
+ count 
+-------
+   894
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT distinct * FROM (values (jsonb '{}' || ''::text),('{}')) v(j);
+ j  
+----
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SET enable_sort = on;
+RESET enable_hashagg;
+RESET enable_sort;
+DROP INDEX jidx;
+DROP INDEX jidx_array;
+-- btree
+CREATE INDEX jidx ON testjsonb USING btree (j);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j > '{"p":1}';
+ count 
+-------
+   884
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j = '{"pos":98, "line":371, "node":"CBA", "indexed":true}';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+--gin path opclass
+DROP INDEX jidx;
+CREATE INDEX jidx ON testjsonb USING gin (j jsonb_path_ops);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":null}';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC"}';
+ count 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC", "public":true}';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25}';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25.0}';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- exercise GIN_SEARCH_MODE_ALL
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{}';
+ count 
+-------
+  1012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == null';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($ ? (@.wait == null))';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.wait ? (@ == null))';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '"CC" == $.wait';
+ count 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == "CC" && true == $.public';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25.0';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.array[*] == "foo"';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.array[*] == "bar"';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($ ? (@.array[*] == "bar"))';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.array ? (@[*] == "bar"))';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.array[*] ? (@ == "bar"))';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($)';
+ count 
+-------
+  1012
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? (@ == null)';
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on testjsonb
+         Recheck Cond: (j @? '$."wait"?(@ == null)'::jsonpath)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on jidx
+               Index Cond: (j @? '$."wait"?(@ == null)'::jsonpath)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? (@ == null)';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? ("CC" == @)';
+ count 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.wait == "CC" && true == @.public)';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.age ? (@ == 25)';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.age == 25.0)';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.array[*] == "bar")';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.array ? (@[*] == "bar")';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.array[*] ? (@ == "bar")';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$';
+ count 
+-------
+  1012
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.public';
+ count 
+-------
+   194
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.bar';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+DROP INDEX jidx;
+-- nested tests
+SELECT '{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16}}'::jsonb;
+           jsonb            
+----------------------------
+ {"ff": {"a": 12, "b": 16}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123}'::jsonb;
+                 jsonb                 
+---------------------------------------
+ {"ff": {"a": 12, "b": 16}, "qq": 123}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"aa":["a","aaa"],"qq":{"a":12,"b":16,"c":["c1","c2"],"d":{"d1":"d1","d2":"d2","d1":"d3"}}}'::jsonb;
+                                              jsonb                                               
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"aa": ["a", "aaa"], "qq": {"a": 12, "b": 16, "c": ["c1", "c2"], "d": {"d1": "d3", "d2": "d2"}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"aa":["a","aaa"],"qq":{"a":"12","b":"16","c":["c1","c2"],"d":{"d1":"d1","d2":"d2"}}}'::jsonb;
+                                                jsonb                                                 
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"aa": ["a", "aaa"], "qq": {"a": "12", "b": "16", "c": ["c1", "c2"], "d": {"d1": "d1", "d2": "d2"}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"aa":["a","aaa"],"qq":{"a":"12","b":"16","c":["c1","c2",["c3"],{"c4":4}],"d":{"d1":"d1","d2":"d2"}}}'::jsonb;
+                                                          jsonb                                                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"aa": ["a", "aaa"], "qq": {"a": "12", "b": "16", "c": ["c1", "c2", ["c3"], {"c4": 4}], "d": {"d1": "d1", "d2": "d2"}}}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"ff":["a","aaa"]}'::jsonb;
+        jsonb         
+----------------------
+ {"ff": ["a", "aaa"]}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT
+  '{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123,"x":[1,2],"Y":null}'::jsonb -> 'ff',
+  '{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123,"x":[1,2],"Y":null}'::jsonb -> 'qq',
+  ('{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123,"x":[1,2],"Y":null}'::jsonb -> 'Y') IS NULL AS f,
+  ('{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123,"x":[1,2],"Y":null}'::jsonb ->> 'Y') IS NULL AS t,
+   '{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123,"x":[1,2],"Y":null}'::jsonb -> 'x';
+      ?column?      | ?column? | f | t | ?column? 
+--------------------+----------+---+---+----------
+ {"a": 12, "b": 16} | 123      | f | t | [1, 2]
+(1 row)
+
+-- nested containment
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[1,2]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":[2,1],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[1,2]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":{"1":2},"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[1,2]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":{"2":1},"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[1,2]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":{"1":2},"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":{"1":2}}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":{"2":1},"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":{"1":2}}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b"]'::jsonb @> '["a","b","c","b"]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c","b"]'::jsonb @> '["a","b"]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2]]'::jsonb @> '["a",[1,2]]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2]]'::jsonb @> '["b",[1,2]]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[1]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[2]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[3]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2,{"c":3,"x":4}],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[{"c":3}]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2,{"c":3,"x":4}],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[{"x":4}]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2,{"c":3,"x":4}],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[{"x":4},3]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2,{"c":3,"x":4}],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[{"x":4},1]}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- check some corner cases for indexed nested containment (bug #13756)
+create temp table nestjsonb (j jsonb);
+insert into nestjsonb (j) values ('{"a":[["b",{"x":1}],["b",{"x":2}]],"c":3}');
+insert into nestjsonb (j) values ('[[14,2,3]]');
+insert into nestjsonb (j) values ('[1,[14,2,3]]');
+create index on nestjsonb using gin(j jsonb_path_ops);
+set enable_seqscan = on;
+set enable_bitmapscan = off;
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '{"a":[[{"x":2}]]}'::jsonb;
+                         j                         
+---------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": [["b", {"x": 1}], ["b", {"x": 2}]], "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '{"c":3}';
+                         j                         
+---------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": [["b", {"x": 1}], ["b", {"x": 2}]], "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '[[14]]';
+        j        
+-----------------
+ [[14, 2, 3]]
+ [1, [14, 2, 3]]
+(2 rows)
+
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+set enable_bitmapscan = on;
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '{"a":[[{"x":2}]]}'::jsonb;
+                         j                         
+---------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": [["b", {"x": 1}], ["b", {"x": 2}]], "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '{"c":3}';
+                         j                         
+---------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": [["b", {"x": 1}], ["b", {"x": 2}]], "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '[[14]]';
+        j        
+-----------------
+ [[14, 2, 3]]
+ [1, [14, 2, 3]]
+(2 rows)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+-- nested object field / array index lookup
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'n';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'a';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'b';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [1, 2]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'c';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {"1": 2}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'd';
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {"1": [2, 3]}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'd' -> '1';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [2, 3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'e';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 0; --expecting error
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 0;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "a"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "b"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "c"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 3;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [1, 2]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 3 -> 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 5;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> -1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> -5;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "a"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> -6;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+--nested path extraction
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{0}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{a}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "b"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c}';
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [1, 2, 3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,0}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,1}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,2}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,3}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,-1}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,-3}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,-4}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[0,1,2,[3,4],{"5":"five"}]'::jsonb #> '{0}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[0,1,2,[3,4],{"5":"five"}]'::jsonb #> '{3}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [3, 4]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[0,1,2,[3,4],{"5":"five"}]'::jsonb #> '{4}';
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {"5": "five"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '[0,1,2,[3,4],{"5":"five"}]'::jsonb #> '{4,5}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ "five"
+(1 row)
+
+--nested exists
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'n';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'a';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'b';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'c';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'd';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'e';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- jsonb_strip_nulls
+select jsonb_strip_nulls(null);
+ jsonb_strip_nulls 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('1');
+ jsonb_strip_nulls 
+-------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('"a string"');
+ jsonb_strip_nulls 
+-------------------
+ "a string"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('null');
+ jsonb_strip_nulls 
+-------------------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('[1,2,null,3,4]');
+ jsonb_strip_nulls  
+--------------------
+ [1, 2, null, 3, 4]
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('{"a":1,"b":null,"c":[2,null,3],"d":{"e":4,"f":null}}');
+             jsonb_strip_nulls              
+--------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "c": [2, null, 3], "d": {"e": 4}}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('[1,{"a":1,"b":null,"c":2},3]');
+    jsonb_strip_nulls     
+--------------------------
+ [1, {"a": 1, "c": 2}, 3]
+(1 row)
+
+-- an empty object is not null and should not be stripped
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('{"a": {"b": null, "c": null}, "d": {} }');
+ jsonb_strip_nulls  
+--------------------
+ {"a": {}, "d": {}}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_pretty('{"a": "test", "b": [1, 2, 3], "c": "test3", "d":{"dd": "test4", "dd2":{"ddd": "test5"}}}');
+        jsonb_pretty        
+----------------------------
+ {                         +
+     "a": "test",          +
+     "b": [                +
+         1,                +
+         2,                +
+         3                 +
+     ],                    +
+     "c": "test3",         +
+     "d": {                +
+         "dd": "test4",    +
+         "dd2": {          +
+             "ddd": "test5"+
+         }                 +
+     }                     +
+ }
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_pretty('[{"f1":1,"f2":null},2,null,[[{"x":true},6,7],8],3]');
+       jsonb_pretty        
+---------------------------
+ [                        +
+     {                    +
+         "f1": 1,         +
+         "f2": null       +
+     },                   +
+     2,                   +
+     null,                +
+     [                    +
+         [                +
+             {            +
+                 "x": true+
+             },           +
+             6,           +
+             7            +
+         ],               +
+         8                +
+     ],                   +
+     3                    +
+ ]
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_pretty('{"a":["b", "c"], "d": {"e":"f"}}');
+   jsonb_pretty   
+------------------
+ {               +
+     "a": [      +
+         "b",    +
+         "c"     +
+     ],          +
+     "d": {      +
+         "e": "f"+
+     }           +
+ }
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_concat('{"d": "test", "a": [1, 2]}', '{"g": "test2", "c": {"c1":1, "c2":2}}');
+                           jsonb_concat                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": [1, 2], "c": {"c1": 1, "c2": 2}, "d": "test", "g": "test2"}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::jsonb || '{"cq":"l", "b":"g", "fg":false}';
+                  ?column?                   
+---------------------------------------------
+ {"b": "g", "aa": 1, "cq": "l", "fg": false}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::jsonb || '{"aq":"l"}';
+               ?column?                
+---------------------------------------
+ {"b": 2, "aa": 1, "aq": "l", "cq": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::jsonb || '{"aa":"l"}';
+           ?column?           
+------------------------------
+ {"b": 2, "aa": "l", "cq": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::jsonb || '{}';
+          ?column?          
+----------------------------
+ {"b": 2, "aa": 1, "cq": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a", "b"]'::jsonb || '["c"]';
+    ?column?     
+-----------------
+ ["a", "b", "c"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a", "b"]'::jsonb || '["c", "d"]';
+       ?column?       
+----------------------
+ ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["c"]' || '["a", "b"]'::jsonb;
+    ?column?     
+-----------------
+ ["c", "a", "b"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a", "b"]'::jsonb || '"c"';
+    ?column?     
+-----------------
+ ["a", "b", "c"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '"c"' || '["a", "b"]'::jsonb;
+    ?column?     
+-----------------
+ ["c", "a", "b"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '[]'::jsonb || '["a"]'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ ["a"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '[]'::jsonb || '"a"'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ ["a"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '"b"'::jsonb || '"a"'::jsonb;
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ ["b", "a"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '{}'::jsonb || '{"a":"b"}'::jsonb;
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ {"a": "b"}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[]'::jsonb || '{"a":"b"}'::jsonb;
+   ?column?   
+--------------
+ [{"a": "b"}]
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a":"b"}'::jsonb || '[]'::jsonb;
+   ?column?   
+--------------
+ [{"a": "b"}]
+(1 row)
+
+select '"a"'::jsonb || '{"a":1}';
+    ?column?     
+-----------------
+ ["a", {"a": 1}]
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a":1}' || '"a"'::jsonb;
+    ?column?     
+-----------------
+ [{"a": 1}, "a"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '[3]'::jsonb || '{}'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [3, {}]
+(1 row)
+
+select '3'::jsonb || '[]'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [3]
+(1 row)
+
+select '3'::jsonb || '4'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [3, 4]
+(1 row)
+
+select '3'::jsonb || '{}'::jsonb;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ [3, {}]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a", "b"]'::jsonb || '{"c":1}';
+       ?column?       
+----------------------
+ ["a", "b", {"c": 1}]
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"c": 1}'::jsonb || '["a", "b"]';
+       ?column?       
+----------------------
+ [{"c": 1}, "a", "b"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '{}'::jsonb || '{"cq":"l", "b":"g", "fg":false}';
+              ?column?              
+------------------------------------
+ {"b": "g", "cq": "l", "fg": false}
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_column_size('{}'::jsonb || '{}'::jsonb) = pg_column_size('{}'::jsonb);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_column_size('{"aa":1}'::jsonb || '{"b":2}'::jsonb) = pg_column_size('{"aa":1, "b":2}'::jsonb);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_column_size('{"aa":1, "b":2}'::jsonb || '{}'::jsonb) = pg_column_size('{"aa":1, "b":2}'::jsonb);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_column_size('{}'::jsonb || '{"aa":1, "b":2}'::jsonb) = pg_column_size('{"aa":1, "b":2}'::jsonb);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_delete('{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb, 'a');
+   jsonb_delete   
+------------------
+ {"b": 2, "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_delete('{"a":null , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb, 'a');
+   jsonb_delete   
+------------------
+ {"b": 2, "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_delete('{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb, 'b');
+   jsonb_delete   
+------------------
+ {"a": 1, "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_delete('{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb, 'c');
+   jsonb_delete   
+------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": 2}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_delete('{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb, 'd');
+       jsonb_delete       
+--------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'a';
+     ?column?     
+------------------
+ {"b": 2, "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a":null , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'a';
+     ?column?     
+------------------
+ {"b": 2, "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'b';
+     ?column?     
+------------------
+ {"a": 1, "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'c';
+     ?column?     
+------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": 2}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'd';
+         ?column?         
+--------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_column_size('{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'b') = pg_column_size('{"a":1, "b":2}'::jsonb);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - 3;
+    ?column?     
+-----------------
+ ["a", "b", "c"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - 2;
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ ["a", "b"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - 1;
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ ["a", "c"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - 0;
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ ["b", "c"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - -1;
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ ["a", "b"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - -2;
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ ["a", "c"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - -3;
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ ["b", "c"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - -4;
+    ?column?     
+-----------------
+ ["a", "b", "c"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - '{b}'::text[];
+     ?column?     
+------------------
+ {"a": 1, "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - '{c,b}'::text[];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {"a": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - '{}'::text[];
+         ?column?         
+--------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{n}', '[1,2,3]');
+                                jsonb_set                                 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, 2], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [2, 3]}, "n": [1, 2, 3]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{b,-1}', '[1,2,3]');
+                                  jsonb_set                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, [1, 2, 3]], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [2, 3]}, "n": null}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{d,1,0}', '[1,2,3]');
+                                  jsonb_set                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, 2], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [[1, 2, 3], 3]}, "n": null}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{d,NULL,0}', '[1,2,3]');
+ERROR:  path element at position 2 is null
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{n}', '{"1": 2}');
+                                jsonb_set                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, 2], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [2, 3]}, "n": {"1": 2}}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{b,-1}', '{"1": 2}');
+                                 jsonb_set                                  
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, {"1": 2}], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [2, 3]}, "n": null}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{d,1,0}', '{"1": 2}');
+                                 jsonb_set                                  
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, 2], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [{"1": 2}, 3]}, "n": null}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{d,NULL,0}', '{"1": 2}');
+ERROR:  path element at position 2 is null
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{b,-1}', '"test"');
+                                jsonb_set                                 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, "test"], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [2, 3]}, "n": null}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{b,-1}', '{"f": "test"}');
+                                    jsonb_set                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, {"f": "test"}], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [2, 3]}, "n": null}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_delete_path('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}', '{n}');
+                    jsonb_delete_path                     
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, 2], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [2, 3]}}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_delete_path('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}', '{b,-1}');
+                        jsonb_delete_path                         
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [2, 3]}, "n": null}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_delete_path('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}', '{d,1,0}');
+                        jsonb_delete_path                         
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, 2], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [3]}, "n": null}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb #- '{n}';
+                         ?column?                         
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, 2], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [2, 3]}}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb #- '{b,-1}';
+                             ?column?                             
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [2, 3]}, "n": null}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb #- '{b,-1e}'; -- invalid array subscript
+ERROR:  path element at position 2 is not an integer: "-1e"
+select '{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb #- '{d,1,0}';
+                             ?column?                             
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [1, 2], "c": {"1": 2}, "d": {"1": [3]}, "n": null}
+(1 row)
+
+-- empty structure and error conditions for delete and replace
+select '"a"'::jsonb - 'a'; -- error
+ERROR:  cannot delete from scalar
+select '{}'::jsonb - 'a';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[]'::jsonb - 'a';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+select '"a"'::jsonb - 1; -- error
+ERROR:  cannot delete from scalar
+select '{}'::jsonb -  1; -- error
+ERROR:  cannot delete from object using integer index
+select '[]'::jsonb - 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+select '"a"'::jsonb #- '{a}'; -- error
+ERROR:  cannot delete path in scalar
+select '{}'::jsonb #- '{a}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select '[]'::jsonb #- '{a}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('"a"','{a}','"b"'); --error
+ERROR:  cannot set path in scalar
+select jsonb_set('{}','{a}','"b"', false);
+ jsonb_set 
+-----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('[]','{1}','"b"', false);
+ jsonb_set 
+-----------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('[{"f1":1,"f2":null},2,null,3]', '{0}','[2,3,4]', false);
+        jsonb_set        
+-------------------------
+ [[2, 3, 4], 2, null, 3]
+(1 row)
+
+-- jsonb_set adding instead of replacing
+-- prepend to array
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[0,1,2],"c":{"d":4}}','{b,-33}','{"foo":123}');
+                       jsonb_set                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [{"foo": 123}, 0, 1, 2], "c": {"d": 4}}
+(1 row)
+
+-- append to array
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[0,1,2],"c":{"d":4}}','{b,33}','{"foo":123}');
+                       jsonb_set                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [0, 1, 2, {"foo": 123}], "c": {"d": 4}}
+(1 row)
+
+-- check nesting levels addition
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[4,5,[0,1,2],6,7],"c":{"d":4}}','{b,2,33}','{"foo":123}');
+                              jsonb_set                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [4, 5, [0, 1, 2, {"foo": 123}], 6, 7], "c": {"d": 4}}
+(1 row)
+
+-- add new key
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[0,1,2],"c":{"d":4}}','{c,e}','{"foo":123}');
+                         jsonb_set                          
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [0, 1, 2], "c": {"d": 4, "e": {"foo": 123}}}
+(1 row)
+
+-- adding doesn't do anything if elements before last aren't present
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[0,1,2],"c":{"d":4}}','{x,-33}','{"foo":123}');
+                jsonb_set                
+-----------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [0, 1, 2], "c": {"d": 4}}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[0,1,2],"c":{"d":4}}','{x,y}','{"foo":123}');
+                jsonb_set                
+-----------------------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": [0, 1, 2], "c": {"d": 4}}
+(1 row)
+
+-- add to empty object
+select jsonb_set('{}','{x}','{"foo":123}');
+      jsonb_set      
+---------------------
+ {"x": {"foo": 123}}
+(1 row)
+
+--add to empty array
+select jsonb_set('[]','{0}','{"foo":123}');
+   jsonb_set    
+----------------
+ [{"foo": 123}]
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('[]','{99}','{"foo":123}');
+   jsonb_set    
+----------------
+ [{"foo": 123}]
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('[]','{-99}','{"foo":123}');
+   jsonb_set    
+----------------
+ [{"foo": 123}]
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set('{"a": [1, 2, 3]}', '{a, non_integer}', '"new_value"');
+ERROR:  path element at position 2 is not an integer: "non_integer"
+select jsonb_set('{"a": {"b": [1, 2, 3]}}', '{a, b, non_integer}', '"new_value"');
+ERROR:  path element at position 3 is not an integer: "non_integer"
+select jsonb_set('{"a": {"b": [1, 2, 3]}}', '{a, b, NULL}', '"new_value"');
+ERROR:  path element at position 3 is null
+-- jsonb_set_lax
+\pset null NULL
+-- pass though non nulls to jsonb_set
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}','{b}','5') ;
+  jsonb_set_lax   
+------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": 5}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}','{d}','6', true) ;
+      jsonb_set_lax       
+--------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": 2, "d": 6}
+(1 row)
+
+-- using the default treatment
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}','{b}',null);
+    jsonb_set_lax    
+---------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": null}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}','{d}',null,true);
+        jsonb_set_lax        
+-----------------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": 2, "d": null}
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, true, null);
+ERROR:  null_value_treatment must be "delete_key", "return_target", "use_json_null", or "raise_exception"
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, true, 'no_such_treatment');
+ERROR:  null_value_treatment must be "delete_key", "return_target", "use_json_null", or "raise_exception"
+-- explicit treatments
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, null_value_treatment => 'raise_exception') as raise_exception;
+ERROR:  JSON value must not be null
+DETAIL:  Exception was raised because null_value_treatment is "raise_exception".
+HINT:  To avoid, either change the null_value_treatment argument or ensure that an SQL NULL is not passed.
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, null_value_treatment => 'return_target') as return_target;
+  return_target   
+------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": 2}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, null_value_treatment => 'delete_key') as delete_key;
+ delete_key 
+------------
+ {"a": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, null_value_treatment => 'use_json_null') as use_json_null;
+    use_json_null    
+---------------------
+ {"a": 1, "b": null}
+(1 row)
+
+\pset null ''
+-- jsonb_insert
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 1}', '"new_value"');
+         jsonb_insert          
+-------------------------------
+ {"a": [0, "new_value", 1, 2]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 1}', '"new_value"', true);
+         jsonb_insert          
+-------------------------------
+ {"a": [0, 1, "new_value", 2]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": {"c": [0, 1, "test1", "test2"]}}}', '{a, b, c, 2}', '"new_value"');
+                        jsonb_insert                        
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": {"b": {"c": [0, 1, "new_value", "test1", "test2"]}}}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": {"c": [0, 1, "test1", "test2"]}}}', '{a, b, c, 2}', '"new_value"', true);
+                        jsonb_insert                        
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": {"b": {"c": [0, 1, "test1", "new_value", "test2"]}}}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 1}', '{"b": "value"}');
+           jsonb_insert           
+----------------------------------
+ {"a": [0, {"b": "value"}, 1, 2]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 1}', '["value1", "value2"]');
+              jsonb_insert              
+----------------------------------------
+ {"a": [0, ["value1", "value2"], 1, 2]}
+(1 row)
+
+-- edge cases
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 0}', '"new_value"');
+         jsonb_insert          
+-------------------------------
+ {"a": ["new_value", 0, 1, 2]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 0}', '"new_value"', true);
+         jsonb_insert          
+-------------------------------
+ {"a": [0, "new_value", 1, 2]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 2}', '"new_value"');
+         jsonb_insert          
+-------------------------------
+ {"a": [0, 1, "new_value", 2]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 2}', '"new_value"', true);
+         jsonb_insert          
+-------------------------------
+ {"a": [0, 1, 2, "new_value"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, -1}', '"new_value"');
+         jsonb_insert          
+-------------------------------
+ {"a": [0, 1, "new_value", 2]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, -1}', '"new_value"', true);
+         jsonb_insert          
+-------------------------------
+ {"a": [0, 1, 2, "new_value"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('[]', '{1}', '"new_value"');
+ jsonb_insert  
+---------------
+ ["new_value"]
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('[]', '{1}', '"new_value"', true);
+ jsonb_insert  
+---------------
+ ["new_value"]
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": []}', '{a, 1}', '"new_value"');
+     jsonb_insert     
+----------------------
+ {"a": ["new_value"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": []}', '{a, 1}', '"new_value"', true);
+     jsonb_insert     
+----------------------
+ {"a": ["new_value"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 10}', '"new_value"');
+         jsonb_insert          
+-------------------------------
+ {"a": [0, 1, 2, "new_value"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, -10}', '"new_value"');
+         jsonb_insert          
+-------------------------------
+ {"a": ["new_value", 0, 1, 2]}
+(1 row)
+
+-- jsonb_insert should be able to insert new value for objects, but not to replace
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": "value"}}', '{a, c}', '"new_value"');
+              jsonb_insert               
+-----------------------------------------
+ {"a": {"b": "value", "c": "new_value"}}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": "value"}}', '{a, c}', '"new_value"', true);
+              jsonb_insert               
+-----------------------------------------
+ {"a": {"b": "value", "c": "new_value"}}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": "value"}}', '{a, b}', '"new_value"');
+ERROR:  cannot replace existing key
+HINT:  Try using the function jsonb_set to replace key value.
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": "value"}}', '{a, b}', '"new_value"', true);
+ERROR:  cannot replace existing key
+HINT:  Try using the function jsonb_set to replace key value.
+-- jsonb subscript
+select ('123'::jsonb)['a'];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('123'::jsonb)[0];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('123'::jsonb)[NULL];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)[0];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['not_exist'];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)[NULL];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)['a'];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[0];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)['1'];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ "2"
+(1 row)
+
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1.0];
+ERROR:  subscript type numeric is not supported
+LINE 1: select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1.0];
+                                         ^
+HINT:  jsonb subscript must be coercible to either integer or text.
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[2];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[3];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[-2];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ "2"
+(1 row)
+
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1]['a'];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1][0];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": 1, "b": "c", "d": [1, 2, 3]}'::jsonb)['b'];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ "c"
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": 1, "b": "c", "d": [1, 2, 3]}'::jsonb)['d'];
+   jsonb   
+-----------
+ [1, 2, 3]
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": 1, "b": "c", "d": [1, 2, 3]}'::jsonb)['d'][1];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 2
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": 1, "b": "c", "d": [1, 2, 3]}'::jsonb)['d']['a'];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": {"a1": {"a2": "aaa"}}, "b": "bbb", "c": "ccc"}'::jsonb)['a']['a1'];
+     jsonb     
+---------------
+ {"a2": "aaa"}
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": {"a1": {"a2": "aaa"}}, "b": "bbb", "c": "ccc"}'::jsonb)['a']['a1']['a2'];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ "aaa"
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": {"a1": {"a2": "aaa"}}, "b": "bbb", "c": "ccc"}'::jsonb)['a']['a1']['a2']['a3'];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": ["a1", {"b1": ["aaa", "bbb", "ccc"]}], "b": "bb"}'::jsonb)['a'][1]['b1'];
+         jsonb         
+-----------------------
+ ["aaa", "bbb", "ccc"]
+(1 row)
+
+select ('{"a": ["a1", {"b1": ["aaa", "bbb", "ccc"]}], "b": "bb"}'::jsonb)['a'][1]['b1'][2];
+ jsonb 
+-------
+ "ccc"
+(1 row)
+
+-- slices are not supported
+select ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a':'b'];
+ERROR:  jsonb subscript does not support slices
+LINE 1: select ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a':'b'];
+                                       ^
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1:2];
+ERROR:  jsonb subscript does not support slices
+LINE 1: select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1:2];
+                                           ^
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[:2];
+ERROR:  jsonb subscript does not support slices
+LINE 1: select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[:2];
+                                          ^
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1:];
+ERROR:  jsonb subscript does not support slices
+LINE 1: select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1:];
+                                         ^
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[:];
+ERROR:  jsonb subscript does not support slices
+create TEMP TABLE test_jsonb_subscript (
+       id int,
+       test_json jsonb
+);
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values
+(1, '{}'), -- empty jsonb
+(2, '{"key": "value"}'); -- jsonb with data
+-- update empty jsonb
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '1' where id = 1;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |    test_json     
+----+------------------
+  2 | {"key": "value"}
+  1 | {"a": 1}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- update jsonb with some data
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '1' where id = 2;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |        test_json         
+----+--------------------------
+  1 | {"a": 1}
+  2 | {"a": 1, "key": "value"}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- replace jsonb
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '"test"';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |           test_json           
+----+-------------------------------
+  1 | {"a": "test"}
+  2 | {"a": "test", "key": "value"}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- replace by object
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '{"b": 1}'::jsonb;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |            test_json            
+----+---------------------------------
+  1 | {"a": {"b": 1}}
+  2 | {"a": {"b": 1}, "key": "value"}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- replace by array
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '[1, 2, 3]'::jsonb;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |            test_json             
+----+----------------------------------
+  1 | {"a": [1, 2, 3]}
+  2 | {"a": [1, 2, 3], "key": "value"}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use jsonb subscription in where clause
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript where test_json['key'] = '"value"';
+ id |            test_json             
+----+----------------------------------
+  2 | {"a": [1, 2, 3], "key": "value"}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript where test_json['key_doesnt_exists'] = '"value"';
+ id | test_json 
+----+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript where test_json['key'] = '"wrong_value"';
+ id | test_json 
+----+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- NULL
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[NULL] = '1';
+ERROR:  jsonb subscript in assignment must not be null
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['another_key'] = NULL;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |                       test_json                       
+----+-------------------------------------------------------
+  1 | {"a": [1, 2, 3], "another_key": null}
+  2 | {"a": [1, 2, 3], "key": "value", "another_key": null}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- NULL as jsonb source
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (3, NULL);
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '1' where id = 3;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |                       test_json                       
+----+-------------------------------------------------------
+  1 | {"a": [1, 2, 3], "another_key": null}
+  2 | {"a": [1, 2, 3], "key": "value", "another_key": null}
+  3 | {"a": 1}
+(3 rows)
+
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json = NULL where id = 3;
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |                           test_json                           
+----+---------------------------------------------------------------
+  1 | {"0": 1, "a": [1, 2, 3], "another_key": null}
+  2 | {"0": 1, "a": [1, 2, 3], "key": "value", "another_key": null}
+  3 | [1]
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Fill the gaps logic
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '[0]');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[5] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |           test_json            
+----+--------------------------------
+  1 | [0, null, null, null, null, 1]
+(1 row)
+
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[-4] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |          test_json          
+----+-----------------------------
+  1 | [0, null, 1, null, null, 1]
+(1 row)
+
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[-8] = '1';
+ERROR:  path element at position 1 is out of range: -8
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |          test_json          
+----+-----------------------------
+  1 | [0, null, 1, null, null, 1]
+(1 row)
+
+-- keep consistent values position
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '[]');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[5] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |             test_json             
+----+-----------------------------------
+  1 | [null, null, null, null, null, 1]
+(1 row)
+
+-- create the whole path
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][0]['b'][0]['c'] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |         test_json          
+----+----------------------------
+  1 | {"a": [{"b": [{"c": 1}]}]}
+(1 row)
+
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][2]['b'][2]['c'][2] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |                            test_json                             
+----+------------------------------------------------------------------
+  1 | {"a": [null, null, {"b": [null, null, {"c": [null, null, 1]}]}]}
+(1 row)
+
+-- create the whole path with already existing keys
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{"b": 1}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][0] = '2';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |     test_json      
+----+--------------------
+  1 | {"a": [2], "b": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+-- the start jsonb is an object, first subscript is treated as a key
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0]['a'] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |    test_json    
+----+-----------------
+  1 | {"0": {"a": 1}}
+(1 row)
+
+-- the start jsonb is an array
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '[]');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0]['a'] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[2]['b'] = '2';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |         test_json          
+----+----------------------------
+  1 | [{"a": 1}, null, {"b": 2}]
+(1 row)
+
+-- overwriting an existing path
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b'][1] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b'][10] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |                                 test_json                                  
+----+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  1 | {"a": {"b": [null, 1, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, 1]}}
+(1 row)
+
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '[]');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0][0][0] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0][0][1] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id | test_json  
+----+------------
+  1 | [[[1, 1]]]
+(1 row)
+
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b'][10] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][10][10] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |                                                                      test_json                                                                       
+----+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  1 | {"a": {"b": [null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, 1], "10": [null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, 1]}}
+(1 row)
+
+-- an empty sub element
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{"a": {}}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b']['c'][2] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |              test_json               
+----+--------------------------------------
+  1 | {"a": {"b": {"c": [null, null, 1]}}}
+(1 row)
+
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{"a": []}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][1]['c'][2] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ id |               test_json               
+----+---------------------------------------
+  1 | {"a": [null, {"c": [null, null, 1]}]}
+(1 row)
+
+-- trying replace assuming a composite object, but it's an element or a value
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{"a": 1}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b'] = '1';
+ERROR:  cannot replace existing key
+DETAIL:  The path assumes key is a composite object, but it is a scalar value.
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b']['c'] = '1';
+ERROR:  cannot replace existing key
+DETAIL:  The path assumes key is a composite object, but it is a scalar value.
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][0] = '1';
+ERROR:  cannot replace existing key
+DETAIL:  The path assumes key is a composite object, but it is a scalar value.
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][0]['c'] = '1';
+ERROR:  cannot replace existing key
+DETAIL:  The path assumes key is a composite object, but it is a scalar value.
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][0][0] = '1';
+ERROR:  cannot replace existing key
+DETAIL:  The path assumes key is a composite object, but it is a scalar value.
+-- trying replace assuming a composite object, but it's a raw scalar
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, 'null');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0] = '1';
+ERROR:  cannot replace existing key
+DETAIL:  The path assumes key is a composite object, but it is a scalar value.
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0][0] = '1';
+ERROR:  cannot replace existing key
+DETAIL:  The path assumes key is a composite object, but it is a scalar value.
+-- try some things with short-header and toasted subscript values
+drop table test_jsonb_subscript;
+create temp table test_jsonb_subscript (
+       id text,
+       test_json jsonb
+);
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values('foo', '{"foo": "bar"}');
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript
+  select s, ('{"' || s || '": "bar"}')::jsonb from repeat('xyzzy', 500) s;
+select length(id), test_json[id] from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ length | test_json 
+--------+-----------
+      3 | "bar"
+   2500 | "bar"
+(2 rows)
+
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[id] = '"baz"';
+select length(id), test_json[id] from test_jsonb_subscript;
+ length | test_json 
+--------+-----------
+      3 | "baz"
+   2500 | "baz"
+(2 rows)
+
+\x
+table test_jsonb_subscript;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+id        | foo
+test_json | {"foo": "baz"}
+-[ RECORD 2 ]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+id        | xyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzy
+test_json | {"xyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzyxyzzy": "baz"}
+
+\x
+-- jsonb to tsvector
+select to_tsvector('{"a": "aaa bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh iii"}}'::jsonb);
+                                to_tsvector                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':2 'ccc':4 'ddd':3 'eee':6 'fff':7 'ggg':8 'hhh':10 'iii':11
+(1 row)
+
+-- jsonb to tsvector with config
+select to_tsvector('simple', '{"a": "aaa bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh iii"}}'::jsonb);
+                                to_tsvector                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':2 'ccc':4 'ddd':3 'eee':6 'fff':7 'ggg':8 'hhh':10 'iii':11
+(1 row)
+
+-- jsonb to tsvector with stop words
+select to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["the eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh. iii"}}'::jsonb);
+                                to_tsvector                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':3 'ccc':5 'ddd':4 'eee':8 'fff':9 'ggg':10 'hhh':12 'iii':13
+(1 row)
+
+-- jsonb to tsvector with numeric values
+select to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb ddd ccc", "b": 123, "c": 456}'::jsonb);
+           to_tsvector           
+---------------------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':3 'ccc':5 'ddd':4
+(1 row)
+
+-- jsonb_to_tsvector
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"all"');
+                                   jsonb_to_tsvector                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ '123':8 '456':12 'aaa':2 'b':6 'bbb':4 'c':10 'd':14 'f':18 'fals':20 'g':22 'true':16
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"key"');
+       jsonb_to_tsvector        
+--------------------------------
+ 'b':2 'c':4 'd':6 'f':8 'g':10
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"string"');
+ jsonb_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':3
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"numeric"');
+ jsonb_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ '123':1 '456':3
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"boolean"');
+ jsonb_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ 'fals':3 'true':1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '["string", "numeric"]');
+        jsonb_to_tsvector        
+---------------------------------
+ '123':5 '456':7 'aaa':1 'bbb':3
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"all"');
+                                   jsonb_to_tsvector                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ '123':8 '456':12 'aaa':2 'b':6 'bbb':4 'c':10 'd':14 'f':18 'fals':20 'g':22 'true':16
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"key"');
+       jsonb_to_tsvector        
+--------------------------------
+ 'b':2 'c':4 'd':6 'f':8 'g':10
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"string"');
+ jsonb_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ 'aaa':1 'bbb':3
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"numeric"');
+ jsonb_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ '123':1 '456':3
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"boolean"');
+ jsonb_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ 'fals':3 'true':1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '["string", "numeric"]');
+        jsonb_to_tsvector        
+---------------------------------
+ '123':5 '456':7 'aaa':1 'bbb':3
+(1 row)
+
+-- to_tsvector corner cases
+select to_tsvector('""'::jsonb);
+ to_tsvector 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('{}'::jsonb);
+ to_tsvector 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('[]'::jsonb);
+ to_tsvector 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('null'::jsonb);
+ to_tsvector 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- jsonb_to_tsvector corner cases
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('""'::jsonb, '"all"');
+ jsonb_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('{}'::jsonb, '"all"');
+ jsonb_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('[]'::jsonb, '"all"');
+ jsonb_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('null'::jsonb, '"all"');
+ jsonb_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '""');
+ERROR:  wrong flag in flag array: ""
+HINT:  Possible values are: "string", "numeric", "boolean", "key", and "all".
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '{}');
+ERROR:  wrong flag type, only arrays and scalars are allowed
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '[]');
+ jsonb_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, 'null');
+ERROR:  flag array element is not a string
+HINT:  Possible values are: "string", "numeric", "boolean", "key", and "all".
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '["all", null]');
+ERROR:  flag array element is not a string
+HINT:  Possible values are: "string", "numeric", "boolean", "key", and "all".
+-- ts_headline for jsonb
+select ts_headline('{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::jsonb, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'));
+                                                   ts_headline                                                    
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": "aaa <b>bbb</b>", "b": {"c": "ccc <b>ddd</b> fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg <b>hhh</b>", "iii jjj"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select ts_headline('english', '{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::jsonb, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'));
+                                          ts_headline                                          
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": "aaa <b>bbb</b>", "b": {"c": "ccc <b>ddd</b> fff"}, "d": ["ggg <b>hhh</b>", "iii jjj"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select ts_headline('{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::jsonb, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'), 'StartSel = <, StopSel = >');
+                                            ts_headline                                            
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": "aaa <bbb>", "b": {"c": "ccc <ddd> fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg <hhh>", "iii jjj"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select ts_headline('english', '{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::jsonb, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'), 'StartSel = <, StopSel = >');
+                                            ts_headline                                            
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"a": "aaa <bbb>", "b": {"c": "ccc <ddd> fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg <hhh>", "iii jjj"]}
+(1 row)
+
+-- corner cases for ts_headline with jsonb
+select ts_headline('null'::jsonb, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
+ ts_headline 
+-------------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select ts_headline('{}'::jsonb, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
+ ts_headline 
+-------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select ts_headline('[]'::jsonb, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
+ ts_headline 
+-------------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+-- casts
+select 'true'::jsonb::bool;
+ bool 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select '[]'::jsonb::bool;
+ERROR:  cannot cast jsonb array to type boolean
+select '1.0'::jsonb::float;
+ float8 
+--------
+      1
+(1 row)
+
+select '[1.0]'::jsonb::float;
+ERROR:  cannot cast jsonb array to type double precision
+select '12345'::jsonb::int4;
+ int4  
+-------
+ 12345
+(1 row)
+
+select '"hello"'::jsonb::int4;
+ERROR:  cannot cast jsonb string to type integer
+select '12345'::jsonb::numeric;
+ numeric 
+---------
+   12345
+(1 row)
+
+select '{}'::jsonb::numeric;
+ERROR:  cannot cast jsonb object to type numeric
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::numeric;
+ numeric  
+----------
+ 12345.05
+(1 row)
+
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::float4;
+  float4  
+----------
+ 12345.05
+(1 row)
+
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::float8;
+  float8  
+----------
+ 12345.05
+(1 row)
+
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::int2;
+ int2  
+-------
+ 12345
+(1 row)
+
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::int4;
+ int4  
+-------
+ 12345
+(1 row)
+
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::int8;
+ int8  
+-------
+ 12345
+(1 row)
+
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::numeric;
+                       numeric                        
+------------------------------------------------------
+ 12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005
+(1 row)
+
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::float4;
+ float4 
+--------
+  12345
+(1 row)
+
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::float8;
+ float8 
+--------
+  12345
+(1 row)
+
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::int2;
+ int2  
+-------
+ 12345
+(1 row)
+
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::int4;
+ int4  
+-------
+ 12345
+(1 row)
+
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::int8;
+ int8  
+-------
+ 12345
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/jsonb_jsonpath.out b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonb_jsonpath.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6659bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonb_jsonpath.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2586 @@
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '$';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '1';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '$.a.b';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '$.b';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '$.a + 2';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '$.b + 2';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"a": 12}}' @? '$.a.a';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"a": 12}}' @? '$.*.a';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"b": {"a": 12}}' @? '$.*.a';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"b": {"a": 12}}' @? '$.*.b';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"b": {"a": 12}}' @? 'strict $.*.b';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{}' @? '$.*';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": 1}' @? '$.*';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? 'lax $.**{1}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? 'lax $.**{2}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? 'lax $.**{3}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[]' @? '$[*]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[*]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[1]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1]' @? 'strict $[1]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'strict $[1]');
+ERROR:  jsonpath array subscript is out of bounds
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'strict $[1]', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb '[1]' @? 'lax $[10000000000000000]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1]' @? 'strict $[10000000000000000]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'lax $[10000000000000000]');
+ERROR:  jsonpath array subscript is out of integer range
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'strict $[10000000000000000]');
+ERROR:  jsonpath array subscript is out of integer range
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[0]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[0.3]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[0.5]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[0.9]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[1.2]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1]' @? 'strict $[1.2]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": [1,2,3], "b": [3,4,5]}' @? '$ ? (@.a[*] >  @.b[*])';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": [1,2,3], "b": [3,4,5]}' @? '$ ? (@.a[*] >= @.b[*])';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": [1,2,3], "b": [3,4,"5"]}' @? '$ ? (@.a[*] >= @.b[*])';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": [1,2,3], "b": [3,4,"5"]}' @? 'strict $ ? (@.a[*] >= @.b[*])';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": [1,2,3], "b": [3,4,null]}' @? '$ ? (@.a[*] >= @.b[*])';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '1' @? '$ ? ((@ == "1") is unknown)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '1' @? '$ ? ((@ == 1) is unknown)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]' @? '$[0 to 1] ? (@.a > 1)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'lax $[*].a', silent => false);
+ jsonb_path_exists 
+-------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'lax $[*].a', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_exists 
+-------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'strict $[*].a', silent => false);
+ERROR:  jsonpath member accessor can only be applied to an object
+select jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'strict $[*].a', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_exists 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'lax $.a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $.a');
+ERROR:  jsonpath member accessor can only be applied to an object
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $.*');
+ERROR:  jsonpath wildcard member accessor can only be applied to an object
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $.a', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $.*', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'lax $.a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $.a');
+ERROR:  jsonpath member accessor can only be applied to an object
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $.a', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', 'lax $.a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', 'strict $.a');
+ERROR:  JSON object does not contain key "a"
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', 'strict $.a', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $[1]');
+ERROR:  jsonpath array accessor can only be applied to an array
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $[*]');
+ERROR:  jsonpath wildcard array accessor can only be applied to an array
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $[1]');
+ERROR:  jsonpath array subscript is out of bounds
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $["a"]');
+ERROR:  jsonpath array subscript is not a single numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $[1]', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $[*]', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $[1]', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $["a"]', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 12, "b": {"a": 13}}', '$.a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 12
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 12, "b": {"a": 13}}', '$.b');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": 13}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 12, "b": {"a": 13}}', '$.*');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 12
+ {"a": 13}
+(2 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 12, "b": {"a": 13}}', 'lax $.*.a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 13
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[*].a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 13
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[*].*');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 13
+ 14
+(2 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[0].a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[1].a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 13
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[2].a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[0,1].a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 13
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[0 to 10].a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 13
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[0 to 10 / 0].a');
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}, "ccc", true]', '$[2.5 - 1 to $.size() - 2]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": 13}
+ {"b": 14}
+ "ccc"
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'lax $[0]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'lax $[*]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'lax $[0]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'lax $[*]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', 'lax $[*]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', 'strict $[*].a');
+ERROR:  jsonpath member accessor can only be applied to an object
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', 'strict $[*].a', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', '$[last]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', '$[last ? (exists(last))]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $[last]');
+ERROR:  jsonpath array subscript is out of bounds
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $[last]', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', '$[last]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', '$[last]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 3
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', '$[last - 1]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 2
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', '$[last ? (@.type() == "number")]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 3
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', '$[last ? (@.type() == "string")]');
+ERROR:  jsonpath array subscript is not a single numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', '$[last ? (@.type() == "string")]', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": 10}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$ ? (@.a < $value)');
+ERROR:  could not find jsonpath variable "value"
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$ ? (@.a < $value)', '1');
+ERROR:  "vars" argument is not an object
+DETAIL:  Jsonpath parameters should be encoded as key-value pairs of "vars" object.
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$ ? (@.a < $value)', '[{"value" : 13}]');
+ERROR:  "vars" argument is not an object
+DETAIL:  Jsonpath parameters should be encoded as key-value pairs of "vars" object.
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$ ? (@.a < $value)', '{"value" : 13}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": 10}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$ ? (@.a < $value)', '{"value" : 8}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$.a ? (@ < $value)', '{"value" : 13}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[10,11,12,13,14,15]', '$[*] ? (@ < $value)', '{"value" : 13}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 10
+ 11
+ 12
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[10,11,12,13,14,15]', '$[0,1] ? (@ < $x.value)', '{"x": {"value" : 13}}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 10
+ 11
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[10,11,12,13,14,15]', '$[0 to 2] ? (@ < $value)', '{"value" : 15}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 10
+ 11
+ 12
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[1,"1",2,"2",null]', '$[*] ? (@ == "1")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "1"
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[1,"1",2,"2",null]', '$[*] ? (@ == $value)', '{"value" : "1"}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "1"
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[1,"1",2,"2",null]', '$[*] ? (@ == $value)', '{"value" : null}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[1, "2", null]', '$[*] ? (@ != null)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+ "2"
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[1, "2", null]', '$[*] ? (@ == null)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{}', '$ ? (@ == @)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $ ? (@ == @)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": {"b": 1}}
+ {"b": 1}
+ 1
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{0}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": {"b": 1}}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{0 to last}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": {"b": 1}}
+ {"b": 1}
+ 1
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{1}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"b": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{1 to last}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"b": 1}
+ 1
+(2 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{2}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{2 to last}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{3 to last}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{last}');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{0}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{1}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{0 to last}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{1 to last}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{1 to 2}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{0}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{1}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{0 to last}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{1 to last}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{1 to 2}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{2 to 3}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**{0}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**{1}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**{0 to last}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**{1 to last}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**{1 to 2}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{0}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{1}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{0 to last}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{1 to last}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{1 to 2}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{2 to 3}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": {"x": 2}}', '$.g ? (exists (@.x))');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"x": 2}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": {"x": 2}}', '$.g ? (exists (@.y))');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": {"x": 2}}', '$.g ? (exists (@.x ? (@ >= 2) ))');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"x": 2}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'lax $.g ? (exists (@.x))');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"x": 2}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'lax $.g ? (exists (@.x + "3"))');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'lax $.g ? ((exists (@.x + "3")) is unknown)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"x": 2}
+ {"y": 3}
+(2 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'strict $.g[*] ? (exists (@.x))');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"x": 2}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'strict $.g[*] ? ((exists (@.x)) is unknown)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"y": 3}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'strict $.g ? (exists (@[*].x))');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'strict $.g ? ((exists (@[*].x)) is unknown)');
+   jsonb_path_query   
+----------------------
+ [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]
+(1 row)
+
+--test ternary logic
+select
+	x, y,
+	jsonb_path_query(
+		'[true, false, null]',
+		'$[*] ? (@ == true  &&  ($x == true && $y == true) ||
+				 @ == false && !($x == true && $y == true) ||
+				 @ == null  &&  ($x == true && $y == true) is unknown)',
+		jsonb_build_object('x', x, 'y', y)
+	) as "x && y"
+from
+	(values (jsonb 'true'), ('false'), ('"null"')) x(x),
+	(values (jsonb 'true'), ('false'), ('"null"')) y(y);
+   x    |   y    | x && y 
+--------+--------+--------
+ true   | true   | true
+ true   | false  | false
+ true   | "null" | null
+ false  | true   | false
+ false  | false  | false
+ false  | "null" | false
+ "null" | true   | null
+ "null" | false  | false
+ "null" | "null" | null
+(9 rows)
+
+select
+	x, y,
+	jsonb_path_query(
+		'[true, false, null]',
+		'$[*] ? (@ == true  &&  ($x == true || $y == true) ||
+				 @ == false && !($x == true || $y == true) ||
+				 @ == null  &&  ($x == true || $y == true) is unknown)',
+		jsonb_build_object('x', x, 'y', y)
+	) as "x || y"
+from
+	(values (jsonb 'true'), ('false'), ('"null"')) x(x),
+	(values (jsonb 'true'), ('false'), ('"null"')) y(y);
+   x    |   y    | x || y 
+--------+--------+--------
+ true   | true   | true
+ true   | false  | true
+ true   | "null" | true
+ false  | true   | true
+ false  | false  | false
+ false  | "null" | null
+ "null" | true   | true
+ "null" | false  | null
+ "null" | "null" | null
+(9 rows)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": 1, "b":1}' @? '$ ? (@.a == @.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 1, "b":1}}' @? '$ ? (@.a == @.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 1, "b":1}}' @? '$.c ? (@.a == @.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 1, "b":1}}' @? '$.c ? ($.c.a == @.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 1, "b":1}}' @? '$.* ? (@.a == @.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": 1, "b":1}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == @.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 1, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == @.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"c": {"a": 2, "b":1}}', '$.** ? (@.a == 1 + 1)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": 2, "b": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"c": {"a": 2, "b":1}}', '$.** ? (@.a == (1 + 1))');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": 2, "b": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"c": {"a": 2, "b":1}}', '$.** ? (@.a == @.b + 1)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": 2, "b": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"c": {"a": 2, "b":1}}', '$.** ? (@.a == (@.b + 1))');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": 2, "b": 1}
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": -1, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == - 1)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": -1, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == -1)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": -1, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == -@.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": -1, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == - @.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 0, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == 1 - @.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 2, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == 1 - - @.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 0, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == 1 - +@.b)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1,2,3]' @? '$ ? (+@[*] > +2)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1,2,3]' @? '$ ? (+@[*] > +3)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1,2,3]' @? '$ ? (-@[*] < -2)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1,2,3]' @? '$ ? (-@[*] < -3)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '1' @? '$ ? ($ > 0)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- arithmetic errors
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,0,3]', '$[*] ? (2 / @ > 0)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,0,3]', '$[*] ? ((2 / @ > 0) is unknown)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 0
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('0', '1 / $');
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select jsonb_path_query('0', '1 / $ + 2');
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select jsonb_path_query('0', '-(3 + 1 % $)');
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select jsonb_path_query('1', '$ + "2"');
+ERROR:  right operand of jsonpath operator + is not a single numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2]', '3 * $');
+ERROR:  right operand of jsonpath operator * is not a single numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('"a"', '-$');
+ERROR:  operand of unary jsonpath operator - is not a numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,"2",3]', '+$');
+ERROR:  operand of unary jsonpath operator + is not a numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('1', '$ + "2"', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2]', '3 * $', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"a"', '-$', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,"2",3]', '+$', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '["1",2,0,3]' @? '-$[*]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1,"2",0,3]' @? '-$[*]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '["1",2,0,3]' @? 'strict -$[*]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1,"2",0,3]' @? 'strict -$[*]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- unwrapping of operator arguments in lax mode
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": [2]}', 'lax $.a * 3');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 6
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": [2]}', 'lax $.a + 3');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": [2, 3, 4]}', 'lax -$.a');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ -2
+ -3
+ -4
+(3 rows)
+
+-- should fail
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": [1, 2]}', 'lax $.a * 3');
+ERROR:  left operand of jsonpath operator * is not a single numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": [1, 2]}', 'lax $.a * 3', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- extension: boolean expressions
+select jsonb_path_query('2', '$ > 1');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ true
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('2', '$ <= 1');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ false
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('2', '$ == "2"');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ null
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '2' @? '$ == "2"';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '2' @@ '$ > 1';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '2' @@ '$ <= 1';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '2' @@ '$ == "2"';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '2' @@ '1';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{}' @@ '$';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[]' @@ '$';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[1,2,3]' @@ '$[*]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '[]' @@ '$[*]';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_match('[[1, true], [2, false]]', 'strict $[*] ? (@[0] > $x) [1]', '{"x": 1}');
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_match('[[1, true], [2, false]]', 'strict $[*] ? (@[0] < $x) [1]', '{"x": 2}');
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'lax exists($[*].a)', silent => false);
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'lax exists($[*].a)', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'strict exists($[*].a)', silent => false);
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'strict exists($[*].a)', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null,1,true,"a",[],{}]', '$.type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "array"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null,1,true,"a",[],{}]', 'lax $.type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "array"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null,1,true,"a",[],{}]', '$[*].type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "null"
+ "number"
+ "boolean"
+ "string"
+ "array"
+ "object"
+(6 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('null', 'null.type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "null"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('null', 'true.type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "boolean"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('null', '(123).type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "number"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('null', '"123".type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "string"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 2}', '($.a - 5).abs() + 10');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 13
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 2.5}', '-($.a * $.a).floor() % 4.3');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ -1.7
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2, 3]', '($[*] > 2) ? (@ == true)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ true
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2, 3]', '($[*] > 3).type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "boolean"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2, 3]', '($[*].a > 3).type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "boolean"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2, 3]', 'strict ($[*].a > 3).type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "null"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,null,true,"11",[],[1],[1,2,3],{},{"a":1,"b":2}]', 'strict $[*].size()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .size() can only be applied to an array
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,null,true,"11",[],[1],[1,2,3],{},{"a":1,"b":2}]', 'strict $[*].size()', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,null,true,"11",[],[1],[1,2,3],{},{"a":1,"b":2}]', 'lax $[*].size()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 0
+ 1
+ 3
+ 1
+ 1
+(9 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[0, 1, -2, -3.4, 5.6]', '$[*].abs()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3.4
+ 5.6
+(5 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[0, 1, -2, -3.4, 5.6]', '$[*].floor()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 0
+ 1
+ -2
+ -4
+ 5
+(5 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[0, 1, -2, -3.4, 5.6]', '$[*].ceiling()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 0
+ 1
+ -2
+ -3
+ 6
+(5 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[0, 1, -2, -3.4, 5.6]', '$[*].ceiling().abs()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 6
+(5 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[0, 1, -2, -3.4, 5.6]', '$[*].ceiling().abs().type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "number"
+ "number"
+ "number"
+ "number"
+ "number"
+(5 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[{},1]', '$[*].keyvalue()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .keyvalue() can only be applied to an object
+select jsonb_path_query('[{},1]', '$[*].keyvalue()', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.keyvalue()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2], "c": {"a": "bbb"}}', '$.keyvalue()');
+               jsonb_path_query               
+----------------------------------------------
+ {"id": 0, "key": "a", "value": 1}
+ {"id": 0, "key": "b", "value": [1, 2]}
+ {"id": 0, "key": "c", "value": {"a": "bbb"}}
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}, {"c": {"a": "bbb"}}]', '$[*].keyvalue()');
+               jsonb_path_query                
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"id": 12, "key": "a", "value": 1}
+ {"id": 12, "key": "b", "value": [1, 2]}
+ {"id": 72, "key": "c", "value": {"a": "bbb"}}
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}, {"c": {"a": "bbb"}}]', 'strict $.keyvalue()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .keyvalue() can only be applied to an object
+select jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}, {"c": {"a": "bbb"}}]', 'lax $.keyvalue()');
+               jsonb_path_query                
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {"id": 12, "key": "a", "value": 1}
+ {"id": 12, "key": "b", "value": [1, 2]}
+ {"id": 72, "key": "c", "value": {"a": "bbb"}}
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}, {"c": {"a": "bbb"}}]', 'strict $.keyvalue().a');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .keyvalue() can only be applied to an object
+select jsonb '{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}' @? 'lax $.keyvalue()';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb '{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}' @? 'lax $.keyvalue().key';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('null', '$.double()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .double() can only be applied to a string or numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('true', '$.double()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .double() can only be applied to a string or numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('null', '$.double()', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('true', '$.double()', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', '$.double()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $.double()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .double() can only be applied to a string or numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.double()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .double() can only be applied to a string or numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $.double()', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.double()', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('1.23', '$.double()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1.23
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"1.23"', '$.double()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ 1.23
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"1.23aaa"', '$.double()');
+ERROR:  string argument of jsonpath item method .double() is not a valid representation of a double precision number
+select jsonb_path_query('1e1000', '$.double()');
+ERROR:  numeric argument of jsonpath item method .double() is out of range for type double precision
+select jsonb_path_query('"nan"', '$.double()');
+ERROR:  string argument of jsonpath item method .double() is not a valid representation of a double precision number
+select jsonb_path_query('"NaN"', '$.double()');
+ERROR:  string argument of jsonpath item method .double() is not a valid representation of a double precision number
+select jsonb_path_query('"inf"', '$.double()');
+ERROR:  string argument of jsonpath item method .double() is not a valid representation of a double precision number
+select jsonb_path_query('"-inf"', '$.double()');
+ERROR:  string argument of jsonpath item method .double() is not a valid representation of a double precision number
+select jsonb_path_query('"inf"', '$.double()', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"-inf"', '$.double()', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.abs()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .abs() can only be applied to a numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('true', '$.floor()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .floor() can only be applied to a numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('"1.2"', '$.ceiling()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .ceiling() can only be applied to a numeric value
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.abs()', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('true', '$.floor()', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"1.2"', '$.ceiling()', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('["", "a", "abc", "abcabc"]', '$[*] ? (@ starts with "abc")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "abc"
+ "abcabc"
+(2 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('["", "a", "abc", "abcabc"]', 'strict $ ? (@[*] starts with "abc")');
+      jsonb_path_query      
+----------------------------
+ ["", "a", "abc", "abcabc"]
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('["", "a", "abd", "abdabc"]', 'strict $ ? (@[*] starts with "abc")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('["abc", "abcabc", null, 1]', 'strict $ ? (@[*] starts with "abc")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('["abc", "abcabc", null, 1]', 'strict $ ? ((@[*] starts with "abc") is unknown)');
+      jsonb_path_query      
+----------------------------
+ ["abc", "abcabc", null, 1]
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[[null, 1, "abc", "abcabc"]]', 'lax $ ? (@[*] starts with "abc")');
+      jsonb_path_query      
+----------------------------
+ [null, 1, "abc", "abcabc"]
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[[null, 1, "abd", "abdabc"]]', 'lax $ ? ((@[*] starts with "abc") is unknown)');
+      jsonb_path_query      
+----------------------------
+ [null, 1, "abd", "abdabc"]
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "abd", "abdabc"]', 'lax $[*] ? ((@ starts with "abc") is unknown)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ null
+ 1
+(2 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "abc", "abd", "aBdC", "abdacb", "babc", "adc\nabc", "ab\nadc"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^ab.*c")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "abc"
+ "abdacb"
+(2 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "abc", "abd", "aBdC", "abdacb", "babc", "adc\nabc", "ab\nadc"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^ab.*c" flag "i")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "abc"
+ "aBdC"
+ "abdacb"
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "abc", "abd", "aBdC", "abdacb", "babc", "adc\nabc", "ab\nadc"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^ab.*c" flag "m")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "abc"
+ "abdacb"
+ "adc\nabc"
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "abc", "abd", "aBdC", "abdacb", "babc", "adc\nabc", "ab\nadc"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^ab.*c" flag "s")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "abc"
+ "abdacb"
+ "ab\nadc"
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "a\\b" flag "q")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "a\\b"
+ "^a\\b$"
+(2 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "a\\b" flag "")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "a\b"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^a\\b$" flag "q")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "^a\\b$"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^a\\B$" flag "q")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^a\\B$" flag "iq")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "^a\\b$"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^a\\b$" flag "")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "a\b"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('null', '$.datetime()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .datetime() can only be applied to a string
+select jsonb_path_query('true', '$.datetime()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .datetime() can only be applied to a string
+select jsonb_path_query('1', '$.datetime()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .datetime() can only be applied to a string
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', '$.datetime()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $.datetime()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .datetime() can only be applied to a string
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.datetime()');
+ERROR:  jsonpath item method .datetime() can only be applied to a string
+select jsonb_path_query('"bogus"', '$.datetime()');
+ERROR:  datetime format is not recognized: "bogus"
+HINT:  Use a datetime template argument to specify the input data format.
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34"', '$.datetime("aaa")');
+ERROR:  invalid datetime format separator: "a"
+select jsonb_path_query('"aaaa"', '$.datetime("HH24")');
+ERROR:  invalid value "aa" for "HH24"
+DETAIL:  Value must be an integer.
+select jsonb '"10-03-2017"' @? '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy")';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "2017-03-10"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy").type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "date"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy")');
+ERROR:  trailing characters remain in input string after datetime format
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy").type()');
+ERROR:  trailing characters remain in input string after datetime format
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '       $.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI").type()');
+       jsonb_path_query        
+-------------------------------
+ "timestamp without time zone"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 +05:20"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH:TZM").type()');
+      jsonb_path_query      
+----------------------------
+ "timestamp with time zone"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI:SS").type()');
+     jsonb_path_query     
+--------------------------
+ "time without time zone"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56 +05:20"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI:SS TZH:TZM").type()');
+   jsonb_path_query    
+-----------------------
+ "time with time zone"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017T12:34:56"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy\"T\"HH24:MI:SS")');
+   jsonb_path_query    
+-----------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:56"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017t12:34:56"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy\"T\"HH24:MI:SS")');
+ERROR:  unmatched format character "T"
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34:56"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy\"T\"HH24:MI:SS")');
+ERROR:  unmatched format character "T"
+set time zone '+00';
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI")');
+   jsonb_path_query    
+-----------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+ERROR:  input string is too short for datetime format
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 +05"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+      jsonb_path_query       
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00+05:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 -05"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+      jsonb_path_query       
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00-05:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 +05:20"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+      jsonb_path_query       
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00+05:20"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 -05:20"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+      jsonb_path_query       
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00-05:20"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+ERROR:  input string is too short for datetime format
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 +05"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:00+05:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 -05"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:00-05:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 +05:20"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:00+05:20"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 -05:20"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:00-05:20"
+(1 row)
+
+set time zone '+10';
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI")');
+   jsonb_path_query    
+-----------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+ERROR:  input string is too short for datetime format
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 +05"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+      jsonb_path_query       
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00+05:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 -05"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+      jsonb_path_query       
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00-05:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 +05:20"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+      jsonb_path_query       
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00+05:20"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 -05:20"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+      jsonb_path_query       
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00-05:20"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+ERROR:  input string is too short for datetime format
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 +05"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:00+05:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 -05"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:00-05:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 +05:20"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:00+05:20"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 -05:20"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:00-05:20"
+(1 row)
+
+set time zone default;
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10"', '$.datetime().type()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "date"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10"', '$.datetime()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "2017-03-10"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56"', '$.datetime().type()');
+       jsonb_path_query        
+-------------------------------
+ "timestamp without time zone"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56"', '$.datetime()');
+   jsonb_path_query    
+-----------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:56"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56+3"', '$.datetime().type()');
+      jsonb_path_query      
+----------------------------
+ "timestamp with time zone"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56+3"', '$.datetime()');
+      jsonb_path_query       
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:56+03:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime().type()');
+      jsonb_path_query      
+----------------------------
+ "timestamp with time zone"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+      jsonb_path_query       
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:56+03:10"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10T12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+      jsonb_path_query       
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:56+03:10"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10t12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+ERROR:  datetime format is not recognized: "2017-03-10t12:34:56+3:10"
+HINT:  Use a datetime template argument to specify the input data format.
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56.789+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+        jsonb_path_query         
+---------------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:56.789+03:10"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10T12:34:56.789+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+        jsonb_path_query         
+---------------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:56.789+03:10"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10t12:34:56.789+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+ERROR:  datetime format is not recognized: "2017-03-10t12:34:56.789+3:10"
+HINT:  Use a datetime template argument to specify the input data format.
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56"', '$.datetime().type()');
+     jsonb_path_query     
+--------------------------
+ "time without time zone"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56"', '$.datetime()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:56"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56+3"', '$.datetime().type()');
+   jsonb_path_query    
+-----------------------
+ "time with time zone"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56+3"', '$.datetime()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:56+03:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime().type()');
+   jsonb_path_query    
+-----------------------
+ "time with time zone"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ "12:34:56+03:10"
+(1 row)
+
+set time zone '+00';
+-- date comparison
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from date to timestamptz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from date to timestamptz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from date to timestamptz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+     jsonb_path_query_tz     
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10"
+ "2017-03-10T00:00:00"
+ "2017-03-10T03:00:00+03:00"
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+     jsonb_path_query_tz     
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10"
+ "2017-03-11"
+ "2017-03-10T00:00:00"
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:56"
+ "2017-03-10T03:00:00+03:00"
+(5 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+     jsonb_path_query_tz     
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-09"
+ "2017-03-10T01:02:03+04:00"
+(2 rows)
+
+-- time comparison
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from time to timetz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from time to timetz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from time to timetz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+ jsonb_path_query_tz 
+---------------------
+ "12:35:00"
+ "12:35:00+00:00"
+(2 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+ jsonb_path_query_tz 
+---------------------
+ "12:35:00"
+ "12:36:00"
+ "12:35:00+00:00"
+(3 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+ jsonb_path_query_tz 
+---------------------
+ "12:34:00"
+ "12:35:00+01:00"
+ "13:35:00+01:00"
+(3 rows)
+
+-- timetz comparison
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from time to timetz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from time to timetz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from time to timetz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+ jsonb_path_query_tz 
+---------------------
+ "12:35:00+01:00"
+(1 row)
+
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+ jsonb_path_query_tz 
+---------------------
+ "12:35:00+01:00"
+ "12:36:00+01:00"
+ "12:35:00-02:00"
+ "11:35:00"
+ "12:35:00"
+(5 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+ jsonb_path_query_tz 
+---------------------
+ "12:34:00+01:00"
+ "12:35:00+02:00"
+ "10:35:00"
+(3 rows)
+
+-- timestamp comparison
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from timestamp to timestamptz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from timestamp to timestamptz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ < "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from timestamp to timestamptz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+     jsonb_path_query_tz     
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:35:00"
+ "2017-03-10T13:35:00+01:00"
+(2 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+     jsonb_path_query_tz     
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:35:00"
+ "2017-03-10T12:36:00"
+ "2017-03-10T13:35:00+01:00"
+ "2017-03-10T12:35:00-01:00"
+ "2017-03-11"
+(5 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ < "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+     jsonb_path_query_tz     
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00"
+ "2017-03-10T12:35:00+01:00"
+ "2017-03-10"
+(3 rows)
+
+-- timestamptz comparison
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from timestamp to timestamptz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from timestamp to timestamptz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ < "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+ERROR:  cannot convert value from timestamp to timestamptz without time zone usage
+HINT:  Use *_tz() function for time zone support.
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+     jsonb_path_query_tz     
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:35:00+01:00"
+ "2017-03-10T11:35:00"
+(2 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+     jsonb_path_query_tz     
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:35:00+01:00"
+ "2017-03-10T12:36:00+01:00"
+ "2017-03-10T12:35:00-02:00"
+ "2017-03-10T11:35:00"
+ "2017-03-10T12:35:00"
+ "2017-03-11"
+(6 rows)
+
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ < "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+     jsonb_path_query_tz     
+-----------------------------
+ "2017-03-10T12:34:00+01:00"
+ "2017-03-10T12:35:00+02:00"
+ "2017-03-10T10:35:00"
+ "2017-03-10"
+(4 rows)
+
+-- overflow during comparison
+select jsonb_path_query('"1000000-01-01"', '$.datetime() > "2020-01-01 12:00:00".datetime()'::jsonpath);
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ true
+(1 row)
+
+set time zone default;
+-- jsonpath operators
+SELECT jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*]');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ {"a": 1}
+ {"a": 2}
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*] ? (@.a > 10)');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1}]', '$undefined_var');
+ERROR:  could not find jsonpath variable "undefined_var"
+SELECT jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1}]', 'false');
+ jsonb_path_query 
+------------------
+ false
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {}]', 'strict $[*].a');
+ERROR:  JSON object does not contain key "a"
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a');
+ jsonb_path_query_array 
+------------------------
+ [1, 2]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a ? (@ == 1)');
+ jsonb_path_query_array 
+------------------------
+ [1]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > 10)');
+ jsonb_path_query_array 
+------------------------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > $min && @ < $max)', vars => '{"min": 1, "max": 4}');
+ jsonb_path_query_array 
+------------------------
+ [2, 3]
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > $min && @ < $max)', vars => '{"min": 3, "max": 4}');
+ jsonb_path_query_array 
+------------------------
+ []
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {}]', 'strict $[*].a');
+ERROR:  JSON object does not contain key "a"
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {}]', 'strict $[*].a', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_query_first 
+------------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a');
+ jsonb_path_query_first 
+------------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a ? (@ == 1)');
+ jsonb_path_query_first 
+------------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > 10)');
+ jsonb_path_query_first 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > $min && @ < $max)', vars => '{"min": 1, "max": 4}');
+ jsonb_path_query_first 
+------------------------
+ 2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > $min && @ < $max)', vars => '{"min": 3, "max": 4}');
+ jsonb_path_query_first 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}]', '$undefined_var');
+ERROR:  could not find jsonpath variable "undefined_var"
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}]', 'false');
+ jsonb_path_query_first 
+------------------------
+ false
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]' @? '$[*].a ? (@ > 1)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]' @? '$[*] ? (@.a > 2)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > 1)');
+ jsonb_path_exists 
+-------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*] ? (@.a > $min && @.a < $max)', vars => '{"min": 1, "max": 4}');
+ jsonb_path_exists 
+-------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*] ? (@.a > $min && @.a < $max)', vars => '{"min": 3, "max": 4}');
+ jsonb_path_exists 
+-------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}]', '$undefined_var');
+ERROR:  could not find jsonpath variable "undefined_var"
+SELECT jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}]', 'false');
+ jsonb_path_exists 
+-------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('true', '$', silent => false);
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('false', '$', silent => false);
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('null', '$', silent => false);
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('1', '$', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('1', '$', silent => false);
+ERROR:  single boolean result is expected
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('"a"', '$', silent => false);
+ERROR:  single boolean result is expected
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('{}', '$', silent => false);
+ERROR:  single boolean result is expected
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('[true]', '$', silent => false);
+ERROR:  single boolean result is expected
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('{}', 'lax $.a', silent => false);
+ERROR:  single boolean result is expected
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('{}', 'strict $.a', silent => false);
+ERROR:  JSON object does not contain key "a"
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('{}', 'strict $.a', silent => true);
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('[true, true]', '$[*]', silent => false);
+ERROR:  single boolean result is expected
+SELECT jsonb '[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]' @@ '$[*].a > 1';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb '[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]' @@ '$[*].a > 2';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a > 1');
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}]', '$undefined_var');
+ERROR:  could not find jsonpath variable "undefined_var"
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}]', 'false');
+ jsonb_path_match 
+------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- test string comparison (Unicode codepoint collation)
+WITH str(j, num) AS
+(
+	SELECT jsonb_build_object('s', s), num
+	FROM unnest('{"", "a", "ab", "abc", "abcd", "b", "A", "AB", "ABC", "ABc", "ABcD", "B"}'::text[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS a(s, num)
+)
+SELECT
+	s1.j, s2.j,
+	jsonb_path_query_first(s1.j, '$.s < $s', vars => s2.j) lt,
+	jsonb_path_query_first(s1.j, '$.s <= $s', vars => s2.j) le,
+	jsonb_path_query_first(s1.j, '$.s == $s', vars => s2.j) eq,
+	jsonb_path_query_first(s1.j, '$.s >= $s', vars => s2.j) ge,
+	jsonb_path_query_first(s1.j, '$.s > $s', vars => s2.j) gt
+FROM str s1, str s2
+ORDER BY s1.num, s2.num;
+       j       |       j       |  lt   |  le   |  eq   |  ge   |  gt   
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": ""}     | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": "a"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": "ab"}   | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": "abc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": "abcd"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": "b"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": "A"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": "AB"}   | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": "ABC"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": "ABc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": "ABcD"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": ""}     | {"s": "B"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": ""}     | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": "a"}    | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": "ab"}   | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": "abc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": "abcd"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": "b"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": "A"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": "AB"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": "ABC"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": "ABc"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": "ABcD"} | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "a"}    | {"s": "B"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": ""}     | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": "a"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": "ab"}   | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": "abc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": "abcd"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": "b"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": "A"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": "AB"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": "ABC"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": "ABc"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": "ABcD"} | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ab"}   | {"s": "B"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": ""}     | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": "a"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": "ab"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": "abc"}  | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": "abcd"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": "b"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": "A"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": "AB"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": "ABC"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": "ABc"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": "ABcD"} | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abc"}  | {"s": "B"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": ""}     | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": "a"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": "ab"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": "abc"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": "abcd"} | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": "b"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": "A"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": "AB"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": "ABC"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": "ABc"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": "ABcD"} | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "abcd"} | {"s": "B"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": ""}     | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": "a"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": "ab"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": "abc"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": "abcd"} | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": "b"}    | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": "A"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": "AB"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": "ABC"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": "ABc"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": "ABcD"} | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "b"}    | {"s": "B"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": ""}     | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": "a"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": "ab"}   | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": "abc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": "abcd"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": "b"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": "A"}    | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": "AB"}   | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": "ABC"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": "ABc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": "ABcD"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "A"}    | {"s": "B"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": ""}     | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": "a"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": "ab"}   | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": "abc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": "abcd"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": "b"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": "A"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": "AB"}   | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": "ABC"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": "ABc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": "ABcD"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "AB"}   | {"s": "B"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": ""}     | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": "a"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": "ab"}   | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": "abc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": "abcd"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": "b"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": "A"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": "AB"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": "ABC"}  | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": "ABc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": "ABcD"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABC"}  | {"s": "B"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": ""}     | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": "a"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": "ab"}   | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": "abc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": "abcd"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": "b"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": "A"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": "AB"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": "ABC"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": "ABc"}  | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": "ABcD"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABc"}  | {"s": "B"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": ""}     | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": "a"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": "ab"}   | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": "abc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": "abcd"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": "b"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": "A"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": "AB"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": "ABC"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": "ABc"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": "ABcD"} | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+ {"s": "ABcD"} | {"s": "B"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": ""}     | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": "a"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": "ab"}   | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": "abc"}  | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": "abcd"} | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": "b"}    | true  | true  | false | false | false
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": "A"}    | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": "AB"}   | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": "ABC"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": "ABc"}  | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": "ABcD"} | false | false | false | true  | true
+ {"s": "B"}    | {"s": "B"}    | false | true  | true  | true  | false
+(144 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath.out b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdaac58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1034 @@
+--jsonpath io
+select ''::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath: ""
+LINE 1: select ''::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '$'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $
+(1 row)
+
+select 'strict $'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ strict $
+(1 row)
+
+select 'lax $'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $."a"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a.v'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath  
+-----------
+ $."a"."v"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a.*'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $."a".*
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.*[*]'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $.*[*]
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a[*]'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $."a"[*]
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a[*][*]'::jsonpath;
+  jsonpath   
+-------------
+ $."a"[*][*]
+(1 row)
+
+select '$[*]'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $[*]
+(1 row)
+
+select '$[0]'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $[0]
+(1 row)
+
+select '$[*][0]'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $[*][0]
+(1 row)
+
+select '$[*].a'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $[*]."a"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$[*][0].a.b'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $[*][0]."a"."b"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a.**.b'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath   
+--------------
+ $."a".**."b"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a.**{2}.b'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $."a".**{2}."b"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a.**{2 to 2}.b'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $."a".**{2}."b"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a.**{2 to 5}.b'::jsonpath;
+       jsonpath       
+----------------------
+ $."a".**{2 to 5}."b"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a.**{0 to 5}.b'::jsonpath;
+       jsonpath       
+----------------------
+ $."a".**{0 to 5}."b"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a.**{5 to last}.b'::jsonpath;
+        jsonpath         
+-------------------------
+ $."a".**{5 to last}."b"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a.**{last}.b'::jsonpath;
+      jsonpath      
+--------------------
+ $."a".**{last}."b"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a.**{last to 5}.b'::jsonpath;
+        jsonpath         
+-------------------------
+ $."a".**{last to 5}."b"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$+1'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ ($ + 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$-1'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ ($ - 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$--+1'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ ($ - -1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a/+-1'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath   
+--------------
+ ($."a" / -1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '1 * 2 + 4 % -3 != false'::jsonpath;
+         jsonpath          
+---------------------------
+ (1 * 2 + 4 % -3 != false)
+(1 row)
+
+select '"\b\f\r\n\t\v\"\''\\"'::jsonpath;
+        jsonpath         
+-------------------------
+ "\b\f\r\n\t\u000b\"'\\"
+(1 row)
+
+select '"\x50\u0067\u{53}\u{051}\u{00004C}"'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ "PgSQL"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.foo\x50\u0067\u{53}\u{051}\u{00004C}\t\"bar'::jsonpath;
+      jsonpath       
+---------------------
+ $."fooPgSQL\t\"bar"
+(1 row)
+
+select '"\z"'::jsonpath;  -- unrecognized escape is just the literal char
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ "z"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? ($.a == 1)'::jsonpath;
+      jsonpath      
+--------------------
+ $."g"?($."a" == 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (@ == 1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath    
+----------------
+ $."g"?(@ == 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1)'::jsonpath;
+      jsonpath      
+--------------------
+ $."g"?(@."a" == 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1 || @.a == 4)'::jsonpath;
+             jsonpath             
+----------------------------------
+ $."g"?(@."a" == 1 || @."a" == 4)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1 && @.a == 4)'::jsonpath;
+             jsonpath             
+----------------------------------
+ $."g"?(@."a" == 1 && @."a" == 4)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1 || @.a == 4 && @.b == 7)'::jsonpath;
+                    jsonpath                    
+------------------------------------------------
+ $."g"?(@."a" == 1 || @."a" == 4 && @."b" == 7)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1 || !(@.a == 4) && @.b == 7)'::jsonpath;
+                     jsonpath                      
+---------------------------------------------------
+ $."g"?(@."a" == 1 || !(@."a" == 4) && @."b" == 7)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1 || !(@.x >= 123 || @.a == 4) && @.b == 7)'::jsonpath;
+                             jsonpath                              
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $."g"?(@."a" == 1 || !(@."x" >= 123 || @."a" == 4) && @."b" == 7)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (@.x >= @[*]?(@.a > "abc"))'::jsonpath;
+               jsonpath                
+---------------------------------------
+ $."g"?(@."x" >= @[*]?(@."a" > "abc"))
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? ((@.x >= 123 || @.a == 4) is unknown)'::jsonpath;
+                    jsonpath                     
+-------------------------------------------------
+ $."g"?((@."x" >= 123 || @."a" == 4) is unknown)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (exists (@.x))'::jsonpath;
+        jsonpath        
+------------------------
+ $."g"?(exists (@."x"))
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (exists (@.x ? (@ == 14)))'::jsonpath;
+             jsonpath             
+----------------------------------
+ $."g"?(exists (@."x"?(@ == 14)))
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? ((@.x >= 123 || @.a == 4) && exists (@.x ? (@ == 14)))'::jsonpath;
+                             jsonpath                             
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $."g"?((@."x" >= 123 || @."a" == 4) && exists (@."x"?(@ == 14)))
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (+@.x >= +-(+@.a + 2))'::jsonpath;
+              jsonpath              
+------------------------------------
+ $."g"?(+@."x" >= +(-(+@."a" + 2)))
+(1 row)
+
+select '$a'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $"a"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$a.b'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $"a"."b"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$a[*]'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $"a"[*]
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.g ? (@.zip == $zip)'::jsonpath;
+         jsonpath          
+---------------------------
+ $."g"?(@."zip" == $"zip")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a[1,2, 3 to 16]'::jsonpath;
+      jsonpath      
+--------------------
+ $."a"[1,2,3 to 16]
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a[$a + 1, ($b[*]) to -($[0] * 2)]'::jsonpath;
+                jsonpath                
+----------------------------------------
+ $."a"[$"a" + 1,$"b"[*] to -($[0] * 2)]
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.a[$.a.size() - 3]'::jsonpath;
+        jsonpath         
+-------------------------
+ $."a"[$."a".size() - 3]
+(1 row)
+
+select 'last'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  LAST is allowed only in array subscripts
+LINE 1: select 'last'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '"last"'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ "last"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.last'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $."last"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (last > 0)'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  LAST is allowed only in array subscripts
+LINE 1: select '$ ? (last > 0)'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '$[last]'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $[last]
+(1 row)
+
+select '$[$[0] ? (last > 0)]'::jsonpath;
+      jsonpath      
+--------------------
+ $[$[0]?(last > 0)]
+(1 row)
+
+select 'null.type()'::jsonpath;
+  jsonpath   
+-------------
+ null.type()
+(1 row)
+
+select '1.type()'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "1.t" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: select '1.type()'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '(1).type()'::jsonpath;
+  jsonpath  
+------------
+ (1).type()
+(1 row)
+
+select '1.2.type()'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath   
+--------------
+ (1.2).type()
+(1 row)
+
+select '"aaa".type()'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath   
+--------------
+ "aaa".type()
+(1 row)
+
+select 'true.type()'::jsonpath;
+  jsonpath   
+-------------
+ true.type()
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.double().floor().ceiling().abs()'::jsonpath;
+              jsonpath              
+------------------------------------
+ $.double().floor().ceiling().abs()
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.keyvalue().key'::jsonpath;
+      jsonpath      
+--------------------
+ $.keyvalue()."key"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.datetime()'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath   
+--------------
+ $.datetime()
+(1 row)
+
+select '$.datetime("datetime template")'::jsonpath;
+            jsonpath             
+---------------------------------
+ $.datetime("datetime template")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@ starts with "abc")'::jsonpath;
+        jsonpath         
+-------------------------
+ $?(@ starts with "abc")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@ starts with $var)'::jsonpath;
+         jsonpath         
+--------------------------
+ $?(@ starts with $"var")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "(invalid pattern")'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression: parentheses () not balanced
+LINE 1: select '$ ? (@ like_regex "(invalid pattern")'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern")'::jsonpath;
+          jsonpath          
+----------------------------
+ $?(@ like_regex "pattern")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "")'::jsonpath;
+          jsonpath          
+----------------------------
+ $?(@ like_regex "pattern")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "i")'::jsonpath;
+              jsonpath               
+-------------------------------------
+ $?(@ like_regex "pattern" flag "i")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "is")'::jsonpath;
+               jsonpath               
+--------------------------------------
+ $?(@ like_regex "pattern" flag "is")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "isim")'::jsonpath;
+               jsonpath                
+---------------------------------------
+ $?(@ like_regex "pattern" flag "ism")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "xsms")'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  XQuery "x" flag (expanded regular expressions) is not implemented
+LINE 1: select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "xsms")'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "q")'::jsonpath;
+              jsonpath               
+-------------------------------------
+ $?(@ like_regex "pattern" flag "q")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "iq")'::jsonpath;
+               jsonpath               
+--------------------------------------
+ $?(@ like_regex "pattern" flag "iq")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "smixq")'::jsonpath;
+                jsonpath                 
+-----------------------------------------
+ $?(@ like_regex "pattern" flag "ismxq")
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "a")'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "a")'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unrecognized flag character "a" in LIKE_REGEX predicate.
+select '$ < 1'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ ($ < 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '($ < 1) || $.a.b <= $x'::jsonpath;
+           jsonpath           
+------------------------------
+ ($ < 1 || $."a"."b" <= $"x")
+(1 row)
+
+select '@ + 1'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  @ is not allowed in root expressions
+LINE 1: select '@ + 1'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '($).a.b'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath  
+-----------
+ $."a"."b"
+(1 row)
+
+select '($.a.b).c.d'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath      
+-------------------
+ $."a"."b"."c"."d"
+(1 row)
+
+select '($.a.b + -$.x.y).c.d'::jsonpath;
+             jsonpath             
+----------------------------------
+ ($."a"."b" + -$."x"."y")."c"."d"
+(1 row)
+
+select '(-+$.a.b).c.d'::jsonpath;
+        jsonpath         
+-------------------------
+ (-(+$."a"."b"))."c"."d"
+(1 row)
+
+select '1 + ($.a.b + 2).c.d'::jsonpath;
+           jsonpath            
+-------------------------------
+ (1 + ($."a"."b" + 2)."c"."d")
+(1 row)
+
+select '1 + ($.a.b > 2).c.d'::jsonpath;
+           jsonpath            
+-------------------------------
+ (1 + ($."a"."b" > 2)."c"."d")
+(1 row)
+
+select '($)'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $
+(1 row)
+
+select '(($))'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $
+(1 row)
+
+select '((($ + 1)).a + ((2)).b ? ((((@ > 1)) || (exists(@.c)))))'::jsonpath;
+                     jsonpath                      
+---------------------------------------------------
+ (($ + 1)."a" + (2)."b"?(@ > 1 || exists (@."c")))
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 1)'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath    
+---------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath    
+----------------
+ $?(@."a" < -1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +1)'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath    
+---------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < .1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 0.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -.1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < -0.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +.1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 0.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 0.1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 0.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -0.1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < -0.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +0.1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 0.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 10.1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < 10.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -10.1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath      
+-------------------
+ $?(@."a" < -10.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +10.1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < 10.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 1e1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath    
+----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 10)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -1e1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < -10)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +1e1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath    
+----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 10)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < .1e1)'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath    
+---------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath    
+----------------
+ $?(@."a" < -1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath    
+---------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 0.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath    
+---------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -0.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath    
+----------------
+ $?(@."a" < -1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +0.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath    
+---------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 10.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 101)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -10.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < -101)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +10.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 101)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 0.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < -0.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 0.1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < .1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < 0.01)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath      
+-------------------
+ $?(@."a" < -0.01)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < 0.01)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 0.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < 0.01)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -0.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath      
+-------------------
+ $?(@."a" < -0.01)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +0.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < 0.01)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 10.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1.01)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -10.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath      
+-------------------
+ $?(@."a" < -1.01)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +10.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1.01)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath    
+----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 10)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < -10)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath    
+----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 10)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < .1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath    
+---------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath    
+----------------
+ $?(@."a" < -1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath    
+---------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 0.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath    
+---------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -0.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath    
+----------------
+ $?(@."a" < -1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +0.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+   jsonpath    
+---------------
+ $?(@."a" < 1)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 10.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 101)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < -10.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+     jsonpath     
+------------------
+ $?(@."a" < -101)
+(1 row)
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < +10.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+    jsonpath     
+-----------------
+ $?(@."a" < 101)
+(1 row)
+
+select '0'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0
+(1 row)
+
+select '00'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "00" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: select '00'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '0.0'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0.0
+(1 row)
+
+select '0.000'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0.000
+(1 row)
+
+select '0.000e1'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0.00
+(1 row)
+
+select '0.000e2'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0.0
+(1 row)
+
+select '0.000e3'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0
+(1 row)
+
+select '0.0010'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0.0010
+(1 row)
+
+select '0.0010e-1'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0.00010
+(1 row)
+
+select '0.0010e+1'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0.010
+(1 row)
+
+select '0.0010e+2'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0.10
+(1 row)
+
+select '.001'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0.001
+(1 row)
+
+select '.001e1'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 0.01
+(1 row)
+
+select '1.'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select '1.e1'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+select '1a'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "1a" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: select '1a'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '1e'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "1e" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: select '1e'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '1.e'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "1.e" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: select '1.e'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '1.2a'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "1.2a" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: select '1.2a'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '1.2e'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "1.2e" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: select '1.2e'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '1.2.e'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath  
+-----------
+ (1.2)."e"
+(1 row)
+
+select '(1.2).e'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath  
+-----------
+ (1.2)."e"
+(1 row)
+
+select '1e3'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 1000
+(1 row)
+
+select '1.e3'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 1000
+(1 row)
+
+select '1.e3.e'::jsonpath;
+  jsonpath  
+------------
+ (1000)."e"
+(1 row)
+
+select '1.e3.e4'::jsonpath;
+  jsonpath   
+-------------
+ (1000)."e4"
+(1 row)
+
+select '1.2e3'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ 1200
+(1 row)
+
+select '1.2e3a'::jsonpath;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "1.2e3a" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: select '1.2e3a'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+select '1.2.e3'::jsonpath;
+  jsonpath  
+------------
+ (1.2)."e3"
+(1 row)
+
+select '(1.2).e3'::jsonpath;
+  jsonpath  
+------------
+ (1.2)."e3"
+(1 row)
+
+select '1..e'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ (1)."e"
+(1 row)
+
+select '1..e3'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ (1)."e3"
+(1 row)
+
+select '(1.).e'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ (1)."e"
+(1 row)
+
+select '(1.).e3'::jsonpath;
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ (1)."e3"
+(1 row)
+
+select '1?(2>3)'::jsonpath;
+  jsonpath   
+-------------
+ (1)?(2 > 3)
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath_encoding.out b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath_encoding.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cbfb6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath_encoding.out
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+--
+-- encoding-sensitive tests for jsonpath
+--
+-- We provide expected-results files for UTF8 (jsonpath_encoding.out)
+-- and for SQL_ASCII (jsonpath_encoding_1.out).  Skip otherwise.
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() NOT IN ('UTF8', 'SQL_ASCII')
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding();           -- just to label the results files
+ getdatabaseencoding 
+---------------------
+ UTF8
+(1 row)
+
+-- checks for double-quoted values
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '"\u"'::jsonpath;		-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '"\u00"'::jsonpath;		-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u00" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u00"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '"\u000g"'::jsonpath;	-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u000" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u000g"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '"\u0000"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, legal escape
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u0000"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+SELECT '"\uaBcD"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ "ꯍ"
+(1 row)
+
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+select '"\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+ correct_in_utf8 
+-----------------
+ "😄🐶"
+(1 row)
+
+select '"\ud83d\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '"\ud83d\ud83d"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode high surrogate must not follow a high surrogate.
+select '"\ude04\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- surrogates in wrong order
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '"\ude04\ud83d"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+select '"\ud83dX"'::jsonpath; -- orphan high surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '"\ud83dX"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+select '"\ude04X"'::jsonpath; -- orphan low surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '"\ude04X"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+--handling of simple unicode escapes
+select '"the Copyright \u00a9 sign"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+    correct_in_utf8     
+------------------------
+ "the Copyright © sign"
+(1 row)
+
+select '"dollar \u0024 character"'::jsonpath as correct_everywhere;
+  correct_everywhere  
+----------------------
+ "dollar $ character"
+(1 row)
+
+select '"dollar \\u0024 character"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
+       not_an_escape        
+----------------------------
+ "dollar \\u0024 character"
+(1 row)
+
+select '"null \u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_unescaped;
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: select '"null \u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_unescaped;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+select '"null \\u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
+     not_an_escape     
+-----------------------
+ "null \\u0000 escape"
+(1 row)
+
+-- checks for quoted key names
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '$."\u"'::jsonpath;		-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '$."\u"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '$."\u00"'::jsonpath;	-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u00" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '$."\u00"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '$."\u000g"'::jsonpath;	-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u000" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '$."\u000g"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '$."\u0000"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, legal escape
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: SELECT '$."\u0000"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+SELECT '$."\uaBcD"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+ jsonpath 
+----------
+ $."ꯍ"
+(1 row)
+
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+select '$."\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+ correct_in_utf8 
+-----------------
+ $."😄🐶"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$."\ud83d\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '$."\ud83d\ud83d"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode high surrogate must not follow a high surrogate.
+select '$."\ude04\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- surrogates in wrong order
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '$."\ude04\ud83d"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+select '$."\ud83dX"'::jsonpath; -- orphan high surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '$."\ud83dX"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+select '$."\ude04X"'::jsonpath; -- orphan low surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '$."\ude04X"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+--handling of simple unicode escapes
+select '$."the Copyright \u00a9 sign"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+     correct_in_utf8      
+--------------------------
+ $."the Copyright © sign"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$."dollar \u0024 character"'::jsonpath as correct_everywhere;
+   correct_everywhere   
+------------------------
+ $."dollar $ character"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$."dollar \\u0024 character"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
+        not_an_escape         
+------------------------------
+ $."dollar \\u0024 character"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$."null \u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_unescaped;
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: select '$."null \u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_unescaped;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+select '$."null \\u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
+      not_an_escape      
+-------------------------
+ $."null \\u0000 escape"
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath_encoding_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath_encoding_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..005136c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath_encoding_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+--
+-- encoding-sensitive tests for jsonpath
+--
+-- We provide expected-results files for UTF8 (jsonpath_encoding.out)
+-- and for SQL_ASCII (jsonpath_encoding_1.out).  Skip otherwise.
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() NOT IN ('UTF8', 'SQL_ASCII')
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding();           -- just to label the results files
+ getdatabaseencoding 
+---------------------
+ SQL_ASCII
+(1 row)
+
+-- checks for double-quoted values
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '"\u"'::jsonpath;		-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '"\u00"'::jsonpath;		-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u00" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u00"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '"\u000g"'::jsonpath;	-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u000" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u000g"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '"\u0000"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, legal escape
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\u0000"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+SELECT '"\uaBcD"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+LINE 1: SELECT '"\uaBcD"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+select '"\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+LINE 1: select '"\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36"'::jsonpath as correct_in_...
+               ^
+select '"\ud83d\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '"\ud83d\ud83d"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode high surrogate must not follow a high surrogate.
+select '"\ude04\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- surrogates in wrong order
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '"\ude04\ud83d"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+select '"\ud83dX"'::jsonpath; -- orphan high surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '"\ud83dX"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+select '"\ude04X"'::jsonpath; -- orphan low surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '"\ude04X"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+--handling of simple unicode escapes
+select '"the Copyright \u00a9 sign"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+LINE 1: select '"the Copyright \u00a9 sign"'::jsonpath as correct_in...
+               ^
+select '"dollar \u0024 character"'::jsonpath as correct_everywhere;
+  correct_everywhere  
+----------------------
+ "dollar $ character"
+(1 row)
+
+select '"dollar \\u0024 character"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
+       not_an_escape        
+----------------------------
+ "dollar \\u0024 character"
+(1 row)
+
+select '"null \u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_unescaped;
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: select '"null \u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_unescaped;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+select '"null \\u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
+     not_an_escape     
+-----------------------
+ "null \\u0000 escape"
+(1 row)
+
+-- checks for quoted key names
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '$."\u"'::jsonpath;		-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '$."\u"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '$."\u00"'::jsonpath;	-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u00" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '$."\u00"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '$."\u000g"'::jsonpath;	-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+ERROR:  invalid unicode sequence at or near "\u000" of jsonpath input
+LINE 1: SELECT '$."\u000g"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+SELECT '$."\u0000"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, legal escape
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: SELECT '$."\u0000"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+SELECT '$."\uaBcD"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+LINE 1: SELECT '$."\uaBcD"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+select '$."\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+LINE 1: select '$."\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36"'::jsonpath as correct_i...
+               ^
+select '$."\ud83d\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '$."\ud83d\ud83d"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode high surrogate must not follow a high surrogate.
+select '$."\ude04\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- surrogates in wrong order
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '$."\ude04\ud83d"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+select '$."\ud83dX"'::jsonpath; -- orphan high surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '$."\ud83dX"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+select '$."\ude04X"'::jsonpath; -- orphan low surrogate
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type jsonpath
+LINE 1: select '$."\ude04X"'::jsonpath;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unicode low surrogate must follow a high surrogate.
+--handling of simple unicode escapes
+select '$."the Copyright \u00a9 sign"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+ERROR:  conversion between UTF8 and SQL_ASCII is not supported
+LINE 1: select '$."the Copyright \u00a9 sign"'::jsonpath as correct_...
+               ^
+select '$."dollar \u0024 character"'::jsonpath as correct_everywhere;
+   correct_everywhere   
+------------------------
+ $."dollar $ character"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$."dollar \\u0024 character"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
+        not_an_escape         
+------------------------------
+ $."dollar \\u0024 character"
+(1 row)
+
+select '$."null \u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_unescaped;
+ERROR:  unsupported Unicode escape sequence
+LINE 1: select '$."null \u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_unescaped;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  \u0000 cannot be converted to text.
+select '$."null \\u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
+      not_an_escape      
+-------------------------
+ $."null \\u0000 escape"
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath_encoding_2.out b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath_encoding_2.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb71bfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/jsonpath_encoding_2.out
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+--
+-- encoding-sensitive tests for jsonpath
+--
+-- We provide expected-results files for UTF8 (jsonpath_encoding.out)
+-- and for SQL_ASCII (jsonpath_encoding_1.out).  Skip otherwise.
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() NOT IN ('UTF8', 'SQL_ASCII')
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/largeobject.out b/src/test/regress/expected/largeobject.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60d7b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/largeobject.out
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+--
+-- Test large object support
+--
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+\getenv abs_builddir PG_ABS_BUILDDIR
+-- ensure consistent test output regardless of the default bytea format
+SET bytea_output TO escape;
+-- Test ALTER LARGE OBJECT OWNER, GRANT, COMMENT
+CREATE ROLE regress_lo_user;
+SELECT lo_create(42);
+ lo_create 
+-----------
+        42
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER LARGE OBJECT 42 OWNER TO regress_lo_user;
+GRANT SELECT ON LARGE OBJECT 42 TO public;
+COMMENT ON LARGE OBJECT 42 IS 'the ultimate answer';
+-- Test psql's \lo_list et al (we assume no other LOs exist yet)
+\lo_list
+               Large objects
+ ID |      Owner      |     Description     
+----+-----------------+---------------------
+ 42 | regress_lo_user | the ultimate answer
+(1 row)
+
+\lo_list+
+                                  Large objects
+ ID |      Owner      |         Access privileges          |     Description     
+----+-----------------+------------------------------------+---------------------
+ 42 | regress_lo_user | regress_lo_user=rw/regress_lo_user+| the ultimate answer
+    |                 | =r/regress_lo_user                 | 
+(1 row)
+
+\lo_unlink 42
+\dl
+      Large objects
+ ID | Owner | Description 
+----+-------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Load a file
+CREATE TABLE lotest_stash_values (loid oid, fd integer);
+-- lo_creat(mode integer) returns oid
+-- The mode arg to lo_creat is unused, some vestigal holdover from ancient times
+-- returns the large object id
+INSERT INTO lotest_stash_values (loid) SELECT lo_creat(42);
+-- NOTE: large objects require transactions
+BEGIN;
+-- lo_open(lobjId oid, mode integer) returns integer
+-- The mode parameter to lo_open uses two constants:
+--   INV_WRITE = 0x20000
+--   INV_READ  = 0x40000
+-- The return value is a file descriptor-like value which remains valid for the
+-- transaction.
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd = lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+-- loread/lowrite names are wonky, different from other functions which are lo_*
+-- lowrite(fd integer, data bytea) returns integer
+-- the integer is the number of bytes written
+SELECT lowrite(fd, '
+I wandered lonely as a cloud
+That floats on high o''er vales and hills,
+When all at once I saw a crowd,
+A host, of golden daffodils;
+Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
+Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
+
+Continuous as the stars that shine
+And twinkle on the milky way,
+They stretched in never-ending line
+Along the margin of a bay:
+Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
+Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
+
+The waves beside them danced; but they
+Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
+A poet could not but be gay,
+In such a jocund company:
+I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
+What wealth the show to me had brought:
+
+For oft, when on my couch I lie
+In vacant or in pensive mood,
+They flash upon that inward eye
+Which is the bliss of solitude;
+And then my heart with pleasure fills,
+And dances with the daffodils.
+
+         -- William Wordsworth
+') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lowrite 
+---------
+     848
+(1 row)
+
+-- lo_close(fd integer) returns integer
+-- return value is 0 for success, or <0 for error (actually only -1, but...)
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_close 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+END;
+-- Copy to another large object.
+-- Note: we intentionally don't remove the object created here;
+-- it's left behind to help test pg_dump.
+SELECT lo_from_bytea(0, lo_get(loid)) AS newloid FROM lotest_stash_values
+\gset
+-- Add a comment to it, as well, for pg_dump/pg_upgrade testing.
+COMMENT ON LARGE OBJECT :newloid IS 'I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud';
+-- Read out a portion
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd=lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+-- lo_lseek(fd integer, offset integer, whence integer) returns integer
+-- offset is in bytes, whence is one of three values:
+--  SEEK_SET (= 0) meaning relative to beginning
+--  SEEK_CUR (= 1) meaning relative to current position
+--  SEEK_END (= 2) meaning relative to end (offset better be negative)
+-- returns current position in file
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 104, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+      104
+(1 row)
+
+-- loread/lowrite names are wonky, different from other functions which are lo_*
+-- loread(fd integer, len integer) returns bytea
+SELECT loread(fd, 28) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+            loread            
+------------------------------
+ A host, of golden daffodils;
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, -19, 1) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+      113
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lowrite(fd, 'n') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lowrite 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell 
+---------
+     114
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, -744, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+      104
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 28) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+            loread            
+------------------------------
+ A host, on golden daffodils;
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_close 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+END;
+-- Test resource management
+BEGIN;
+SELECT lo_open(loid, x'40000'::int) from lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_open 
+---------
+       0
+(1 row)
+
+ABORT;
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/invalid/path'
+\set dobody 'DECLARE loid oid; BEGIN '
+\set dobody :dobody 'SELECT tbl.loid INTO loid FROM lotest_stash_values tbl; '
+\set dobody :dobody 'PERFORM lo_export(loid, ' :'filename' '); '
+\set dobody :dobody 'EXCEPTION WHEN UNDEFINED_FILE THEN '
+\set dobody :dobody 'RAISE NOTICE ''could not open file, as expected''; END'
+DO :'dobody';
+NOTICE:  could not open file, as expected
+-- Test truncation.
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd=lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+SELECT lo_truncate(fd, 11) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_truncate 
+-------------
+           0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 15) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+     loread     
+----------------
+ \012I wandered
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_truncate(fd, 10000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_truncate 
+-------------
+           0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 10) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+                  loread                  
+------------------------------------------
+ \000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+    10000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell 
+---------
+   10000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_truncate(fd, 5000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_truncate 
+-------------
+           0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+     5000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell 
+---------
+    5000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_close 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+END;
+-- Test 64-bit large object functions.
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd = lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, 4294967296, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek64 
+------------
+ 4294967296
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lowrite(fd, 'offset:4GB') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lowrite 
+---------
+      10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell64  
+------------
+ 4294967306
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, -10, 1) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek64 
+------------
+ 4294967296
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell64  
+------------
+ 4294967296
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 10) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+   loread   
+------------
+ offset:4GB
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_truncate64(fd, 5000000000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_truncate64 
+---------------
+             0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek64 
+------------
+ 5000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell64  
+------------
+ 5000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_truncate64(fd, 3000000000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_truncate64 
+---------------
+             0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek64 
+------------
+ 3000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell64  
+------------
+ 3000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_close 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+END;
+-- lo_unlink(lobjId oid) returns integer
+-- return value appears to always be 1
+SELECT lo_unlink(loid) from lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_unlink 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE lotest_stash_values;
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/tenk.data'
+INSERT INTO lotest_stash_values (loid) SELECT lo_import(:'filename');
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd=lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+-- verify length of large object
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+   670800
+(1 row)
+
+-- with the default BLCKSZ, LOBLKSIZE = 2048, so this positions us for a block
+-- edge case
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 2030, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+     2030
+(1 row)
+
+-- this should get half of the value from page 0 and half from page 1 of the
+-- large object
+SELECT loread(fd, 36) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+                             loread                              
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ AAA\011FBAAAA\011VVVVxx\0122513\01132\0111\0111\0113\01113\0111
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell 
+---------
+    2066
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, -26, 1) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+     2040
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lowrite(fd, 'abcdefghijklmnop') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lowrite 
+---------
+      16
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 2030, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+     2030
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 36) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+                       loread                        
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ AAA\011FBAAAAabcdefghijklmnop1\0111\0113\01113\0111
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_close 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+END;
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/lotest.txt'
+SELECT lo_export(loid, :'filename') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_export 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+\lo_import :filename
+\set newloid :LASTOID
+-- just make sure \lo_export does not barf
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/lotest2.txt'
+\lo_export :newloid :filename
+-- This is a hack to test that export/import are reversible
+-- This uses knowledge about the inner workings of large object mechanism
+-- which should not be used outside it.  This makes it a HACK
+SELECT pageno, data FROM pg_largeobject WHERE loid = (SELECT loid from lotest_stash_values)
+EXCEPT
+SELECT pageno, data FROM pg_largeobject WHERE loid = :newloid;
+ pageno | data 
+--------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT lo_unlink(loid) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_unlink 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE lotest_stash_values;
+\lo_unlink :newloid
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/lotest.txt'
+\lo_import :filename
+\set newloid_1 :LASTOID
+SELECT lo_from_bytea(0, lo_get(:newloid_1)) AS newloid_2
+\gset
+SELECT md5(lo_get(:newloid_1)) = md5(lo_get(:newloid_2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 0, 20);
+                  lo_get                   
+-------------------------------------------
+ 8800\0110\0110\0110\0110\0110\0110\011800
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 10, 20);
+                  lo_get                   
+-------------------------------------------
+ \0110\0110\0110\011800\011800\0113800\011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_put(:newloid_1, 5, decode('afafafaf', 'hex'));
+ lo_put 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 0, 20);
+                     lo_get                      
+-------------------------------------------------
+ 8800\011\257\257\257\2570\0110\0110\0110\011800
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_put(:newloid_1, 4294967310, 'foo');
+ lo_put 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1);
+ERROR:  large object read request is too large
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 4294967294, 100);
+                               lo_get                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ \000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000foo
+(1 row)
+
+\lo_unlink :newloid_1
+\lo_unlink :newloid_2
+-- This object is left in the database for pg_dump test purposes
+SELECT lo_from_bytea(0, E'\\xdeadbeef') AS newloid
+\gset
+SET bytea_output TO hex;
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid);
+   lo_get   
+------------
+ \xdeadbeef
+(1 row)
+
+-- Create one more object that we leave behind for testing pg_dump/pg_upgrade;
+-- this one intentionally has an OID in the system range
+SELECT lo_create(2121);
+ lo_create 
+-----------
+      2121
+(1 row)
+
+COMMENT ON LARGE OBJECT 2121 IS 'testing comments';
+-- Clean up
+DROP TABLE lotest_stash_values;
+DROP ROLE regress_lo_user;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/largeobject_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/largeobject_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30c8d3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/largeobject_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+--
+-- Test large object support
+--
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+\getenv abs_builddir PG_ABS_BUILDDIR
+-- ensure consistent test output regardless of the default bytea format
+SET bytea_output TO escape;
+-- Test ALTER LARGE OBJECT OWNER, GRANT, COMMENT
+CREATE ROLE regress_lo_user;
+SELECT lo_create(42);
+ lo_create 
+-----------
+        42
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER LARGE OBJECT 42 OWNER TO regress_lo_user;
+GRANT SELECT ON LARGE OBJECT 42 TO public;
+COMMENT ON LARGE OBJECT 42 IS 'the ultimate answer';
+-- Test psql's \lo_list et al (we assume no other LOs exist yet)
+\lo_list
+               Large objects
+ ID |      Owner      |     Description     
+----+-----------------+---------------------
+ 42 | regress_lo_user | the ultimate answer
+(1 row)
+
+\lo_list+
+                                  Large objects
+ ID |      Owner      |         Access privileges          |     Description     
+----+-----------------+------------------------------------+---------------------
+ 42 | regress_lo_user | regress_lo_user=rw/regress_lo_user+| the ultimate answer
+    |                 | =r/regress_lo_user                 | 
+(1 row)
+
+\lo_unlink 42
+\dl
+      Large objects
+ ID | Owner | Description 
+----+-------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Load a file
+CREATE TABLE lotest_stash_values (loid oid, fd integer);
+-- lo_creat(mode integer) returns oid
+-- The mode arg to lo_creat is unused, some vestigal holdover from ancient times
+-- returns the large object id
+INSERT INTO lotest_stash_values (loid) SELECT lo_creat(42);
+-- NOTE: large objects require transactions
+BEGIN;
+-- lo_open(lobjId oid, mode integer) returns integer
+-- The mode parameter to lo_open uses two constants:
+--   INV_WRITE = 0x20000
+--   INV_READ  = 0x40000
+-- The return value is a file descriptor-like value which remains valid for the
+-- transaction.
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd = lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+-- loread/lowrite names are wonky, different from other functions which are lo_*
+-- lowrite(fd integer, data bytea) returns integer
+-- the integer is the number of bytes written
+SELECT lowrite(fd, '
+I wandered lonely as a cloud
+That floats on high o''er vales and hills,
+When all at once I saw a crowd,
+A host, of golden daffodils;
+Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
+Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
+
+Continuous as the stars that shine
+And twinkle on the milky way,
+They stretched in never-ending line
+Along the margin of a bay:
+Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
+Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
+
+The waves beside them danced; but they
+Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
+A poet could not but be gay,
+In such a jocund company:
+I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
+What wealth the show to me had brought:
+
+For oft, when on my couch I lie
+In vacant or in pensive mood,
+They flash upon that inward eye
+Which is the bliss of solitude;
+And then my heart with pleasure fills,
+And dances with the daffodils.
+
+         -- William Wordsworth
+') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lowrite 
+---------
+     848
+(1 row)
+
+-- lo_close(fd integer) returns integer
+-- return value is 0 for success, or <0 for error (actually only -1, but...)
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_close 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+END;
+-- Copy to another large object.
+-- Note: we intentionally don't remove the object created here;
+-- it's left behind to help test pg_dump.
+SELECT lo_from_bytea(0, lo_get(loid)) AS newloid FROM lotest_stash_values
+\gset
+-- Add a comment to it, as well, for pg_dump/pg_upgrade testing.
+COMMENT ON LARGE OBJECT :newloid IS 'I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud';
+-- Read out a portion
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd=lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+-- lo_lseek(fd integer, offset integer, whence integer) returns integer
+-- offset is in bytes, whence is one of three values:
+--  SEEK_SET (= 0) meaning relative to beginning
+--  SEEK_CUR (= 1) meaning relative to current position
+--  SEEK_END (= 2) meaning relative to end (offset better be negative)
+-- returns current position in file
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 104, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+      104
+(1 row)
+
+-- loread/lowrite names are wonky, different from other functions which are lo_*
+-- loread(fd integer, len integer) returns bytea
+SELECT loread(fd, 28) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+            loread            
+------------------------------
+ A host, of golden daffodils;
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, -19, 1) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+      113
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lowrite(fd, 'n') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lowrite 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell 
+---------
+     114
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, -744, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+      104
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 28) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+            loread            
+------------------------------
+ A host, on golden daffodils;
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_close 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+END;
+-- Test resource management
+BEGIN;
+SELECT lo_open(loid, x'40000'::int) from lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_open 
+---------
+       0
+(1 row)
+
+ABORT;
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/invalid/path'
+\set dobody 'DECLARE loid oid; BEGIN '
+\set dobody :dobody 'SELECT tbl.loid INTO loid FROM lotest_stash_values tbl; '
+\set dobody :dobody 'PERFORM lo_export(loid, ' :'filename' '); '
+\set dobody :dobody 'EXCEPTION WHEN UNDEFINED_FILE THEN '
+\set dobody :dobody 'RAISE NOTICE ''could not open file, as expected''; END'
+DO :'dobody';
+NOTICE:  could not open file, as expected
+-- Test truncation.
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd=lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+SELECT lo_truncate(fd, 11) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_truncate 
+-------------
+           0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 15) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+     loread     
+----------------
+ \012I wandered
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_truncate(fd, 10000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_truncate 
+-------------
+           0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 10) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+                  loread                  
+------------------------------------------
+ \000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+    10000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell 
+---------
+   10000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_truncate(fd, 5000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_truncate 
+-------------
+           0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+     5000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell 
+---------
+    5000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_close 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+END;
+-- Test 64-bit large object functions.
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd = lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, 4294967296, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek64 
+------------
+ 4294967296
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lowrite(fd, 'offset:4GB') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lowrite 
+---------
+      10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell64  
+------------
+ 4294967306
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, -10, 1) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek64 
+------------
+ 4294967296
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell64  
+------------
+ 4294967296
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 10) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+   loread   
+------------
+ offset:4GB
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_truncate64(fd, 5000000000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_truncate64 
+---------------
+             0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek64 
+------------
+ 5000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell64  
+------------
+ 5000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_truncate64(fd, 3000000000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_truncate64 
+---------------
+             0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek64 
+------------
+ 3000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell64  
+------------
+ 3000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_close 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+END;
+-- lo_unlink(lobjId oid) returns integer
+-- return value appears to always be 1
+SELECT lo_unlink(loid) from lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_unlink 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE lotest_stash_values;
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/tenk.data'
+INSERT INTO lotest_stash_values (loid) SELECT lo_import(:'filename');
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd=lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+-- verify length of large object
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+   680800
+(1 row)
+
+-- with the default BLCKSZ, LOBLKSIZE = 2048, so this positions us for a block
+-- edge case
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 2030, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+     2030
+(1 row)
+
+-- this should get half of the value from page 0 and half from page 1 of the
+-- large object
+SELECT loread(fd, 36) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+                            loread                            
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ 44\011144\0111144\0114144\0119144\01188\01189\011SNAAAA\011F
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_tell 
+---------
+    2066
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, -26, 1) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+     2040
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lowrite(fd, 'abcdefghijklmnop') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lowrite 
+---------
+      16
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 2030, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_lseek 
+----------
+     2030
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 36) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+                      loread                      
+--------------------------------------------------
+ 44\011144\011114abcdefghijklmnop9\011SNAAAA\011F
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_close 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+END;
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/lotest.txt'
+SELECT lo_export(loid, :'filename') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_export 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+\lo_import :filename
+\set newloid :LASTOID
+-- just make sure \lo_export does not barf
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/lotest2.txt'
+\lo_export :newloid :filename
+-- This is a hack to test that export/import are reversible
+-- This uses knowledge about the inner workings of large object mechanism
+-- which should not be used outside it.  This makes it a HACK
+SELECT pageno, data FROM pg_largeobject WHERE loid = (SELECT loid from lotest_stash_values)
+EXCEPT
+SELECT pageno, data FROM pg_largeobject WHERE loid = :newloid;
+ pageno | data 
+--------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT lo_unlink(loid) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+ lo_unlink 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE lotest_stash_values;
+\lo_unlink :newloid
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/lotest.txt'
+\lo_import :filename
+\set newloid_1 :LASTOID
+SELECT lo_from_bytea(0, lo_get(:newloid_1)) AS newloid_2
+\gset
+SELECT md5(lo_get(:newloid_1)) = md5(lo_get(:newloid_2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 0, 20);
+                  lo_get                   
+-------------------------------------------
+ 8800\0110\0110\0110\0110\0110\0110\011800
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 10, 20);
+                  lo_get                   
+-------------------------------------------
+ \0110\0110\0110\011800\011800\0113800\011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_put(:newloid_1, 5, decode('afafafaf', 'hex'));
+ lo_put 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 0, 20);
+                     lo_get                      
+-------------------------------------------------
+ 8800\011\257\257\257\2570\0110\0110\0110\011800
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_put(:newloid_1, 4294967310, 'foo');
+ lo_put 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1);
+ERROR:  large object read request is too large
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 4294967294, 100);
+                               lo_get                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ \000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000foo
+(1 row)
+
+\lo_unlink :newloid_1
+\lo_unlink :newloid_2
+-- This object is left in the database for pg_dump test purposes
+SELECT lo_from_bytea(0, E'\\xdeadbeef') AS newloid
+\gset
+SET bytea_output TO hex;
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid);
+   lo_get   
+------------
+ \xdeadbeef
+(1 row)
+
+-- Create one more object that we leave behind for testing pg_dump/pg_upgrade;
+-- this one intentionally has an OID in the system range
+SELECT lo_create(2121);
+ lo_create 
+-----------
+      2121
+(1 row)
+
+COMMENT ON LARGE OBJECT 2121 IS 'testing comments';
+-- Clean up
+DROP TABLE lotest_stash_values;
+DROP ROLE regress_lo_user;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/limit.out b/src/test/regress/expected/limit.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a98bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/limit.out
@@ -0,0 +1,694 @@
+--
+-- LIMIT
+-- Check the LIMIT/OFFSET feature of SELECT
+--
+SELECT ''::text AS two, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 > 50
+		ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 2;
+ two | unique1 | unique2 | stringu1 
+-----+---------+---------+----------
+     |      51 |      76 | ZBAAAA
+     |      52 |     985 | ACAAAA
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ''::text AS five, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 > 60
+		ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 5;
+ five | unique1 | unique2 | stringu1 
+------+---------+---------+----------
+      |      61 |     560 | JCAAAA
+      |      62 |     633 | KCAAAA
+      |      63 |     296 | LCAAAA
+      |      64 |     479 | MCAAAA
+      |      65 |      64 | NCAAAA
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT ''::text AS two, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 > 60 AND unique1 < 63
+		ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 5;
+ two | unique1 | unique2 | stringu1 
+-----+---------+---------+----------
+     |      61 |     560 | JCAAAA
+     |      62 |     633 | KCAAAA
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ''::text AS three, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 > 100
+		ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 3 OFFSET 20;
+ three | unique1 | unique2 | stringu1 
+-------+---------+---------+----------
+       |     121 |     700 | REAAAA
+       |     122 |     519 | SEAAAA
+       |     123 |     777 | TEAAAA
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT ''::text AS zero, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 < 50
+		ORDER BY unique1 DESC LIMIT 8 OFFSET 99;
+ zero | unique1 | unique2 | stringu1 
+------+---------+---------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT ''::text AS eleven, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 < 50
+		ORDER BY unique1 DESC LIMIT 20 OFFSET 39;
+ eleven | unique1 | unique2 | stringu1 
+--------+---------+---------+----------
+        |      10 |     520 | KAAAAA
+        |       9 |      49 | JAAAAA
+        |       8 |     653 | IAAAAA
+        |       7 |     647 | HAAAAA
+        |       6 |     978 | GAAAAA
+        |       5 |     541 | FAAAAA
+        |       4 |     833 | EAAAAA
+        |       3 |     431 | DAAAAA
+        |       2 |     326 | CAAAAA
+        |       1 |     214 | BAAAAA
+        |       0 |     998 | AAAAAA
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT ''::text AS ten, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek
+		ORDER BY unique1 OFFSET 990;
+ ten | unique1 | unique2 | stringu1 
+-----+---------+---------+----------
+     |     990 |     369 | CMAAAA
+     |     991 |     426 | DMAAAA
+     |     992 |     363 | EMAAAA
+     |     993 |     661 | FMAAAA
+     |     994 |     695 | GMAAAA
+     |     995 |     144 | HMAAAA
+     |     996 |     258 | IMAAAA
+     |     997 |      21 | JMAAAA
+     |     998 |     549 | KMAAAA
+     |     999 |     152 | LMAAAA
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT ''::text AS five, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek
+		ORDER BY unique1 OFFSET 990 LIMIT 5;
+ five | unique1 | unique2 | stringu1 
+------+---------+---------+----------
+      |     990 |     369 | CMAAAA
+      |     991 |     426 | DMAAAA
+      |     992 |     363 | EMAAAA
+      |     993 |     661 | FMAAAA
+      |     994 |     695 | GMAAAA
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT ''::text AS five, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek
+		ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 5 OFFSET 900;
+ five | unique1 | unique2 | stringu1 
+------+---------+---------+----------
+      |     900 |     913 | QIAAAA
+      |     901 |     931 | RIAAAA
+      |     902 |     702 | SIAAAA
+      |     903 |     641 | TIAAAA
+      |     904 |     793 | UIAAAA
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Test null limit and offset.  The planner would discard a simple null
+-- constant, so to ensure executor is exercised, do this:
+select * from int8_tbl limit (case when random() < 0.5 then null::bigint end);
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from int8_tbl offset (case when random() < 0.5 then null::bigint end);
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Test assorted cases involving backwards fetch from a LIMIT plan node
+begin;
+declare c1 cursor for select * from int8_tbl limit 10;
+fetch all in c1;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+fetch 1 in c1;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch backward 1 in c1;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+fetch backward all in c1;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |              123
+              123 | 4567890123456789
+              123 |              456
+(4 rows)
+
+fetch backward 1 in c1;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch all in c1;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+declare c2 cursor for select * from int8_tbl limit 3;
+fetch all in c2;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+              123 |              456
+              123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |              123
+(3 rows)
+
+fetch 1 in c2;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch backward 1 in c2;
+        q1        | q2  
+------------------+-----
+ 4567890123456789 | 123
+(1 row)
+
+fetch backward all in c2;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+ 123 |              456
+(2 rows)
+
+fetch backward 1 in c2;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch all in c2;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+              123 |              456
+              123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |              123
+(3 rows)
+
+declare c3 cursor for select * from int8_tbl offset 3;
+fetch all in c3;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+fetch 1 in c3;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch backward 1 in c3;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+fetch backward all in c3;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+ 4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+fetch backward 1 in c3;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch all in c3;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+declare c4 cursor for select * from int8_tbl offset 10;
+fetch all in c4;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch 1 in c4;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch backward 1 in c4;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch backward all in c4;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch backward 1 in c4;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch all in c4;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+declare c5 cursor for select * from int8_tbl order by q1 fetch first 2 rows with ties;
+fetch all in c5;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+fetch 1 in c5;
+ q1 | q2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch backward 1 in c5;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+fetch backward 1 in c5;
+ q1  | q2  
+-----+-----
+ 123 | 456
+(1 row)
+
+fetch all in c5;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+fetch backward all in c5;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+ 123 |              456
+(2 rows)
+
+fetch all in c5;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+fetch backward all in c5;
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+ 123 |              456
+(2 rows)
+
+rollback;
+-- Stress test for variable LIMIT in conjunction with bounded-heap sorting
+SELECT
+  (SELECT n
+     FROM (VALUES (1)) AS x,
+          (SELECT n FROM generate_series(1,10) AS n
+             ORDER BY n LIMIT 1 OFFSET s-1) AS y) AS z
+  FROM generate_series(1,10) AS s;
+ z  
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+(10 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test behavior of volatile and set-returning functions in conjunction
+-- with ORDER BY and LIMIT.
+--
+create temp sequence testseq;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select unique1, unique2, nextval('testseq')
+  from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 10;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: unique1, unique2, (nextval('testseq'::regclass))
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on public.tenk1
+         Output: unique1, unique2, nextval('testseq'::regclass)
+(4 rows)
+
+select unique1, unique2, nextval('testseq')
+  from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 10;
+ unique1 | unique2 | nextval 
+---------+---------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |       1
+    1891 |       1 |       2
+    3420 |       2 |       3
+    9850 |       3 |       4
+    7164 |       4 |       5
+    8009 |       5 |       6
+    5057 |       6 |       7
+    6701 |       7 |       8
+    4321 |       8 |       9
+    3043 |       9 |      10
+(10 rows)
+
+select currval('testseq');
+ currval 
+---------
+      10
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select unique1, unique2, nextval('testseq')
+  from tenk1 order by tenthous limit 10;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: unique1, unique2, (nextval('testseq'::regclass)), tenthous
+   ->  Result
+         Output: unique1, unique2, nextval('testseq'::regclass), tenthous
+         ->  Sort
+               Output: unique1, unique2, tenthous
+               Sort Key: tenk1.tenthous
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.tenk1
+                     Output: unique1, unique2, tenthous
+(9 rows)
+
+select unique1, unique2, nextval('testseq')
+  from tenk1 order by tenthous limit 10;
+ unique1 | unique2 | nextval 
+---------+---------+---------
+       0 |    9998 |      11
+       1 |    2838 |      12
+       2 |    2716 |      13
+       3 |    5679 |      14
+       4 |    1621 |      15
+       5 |    5557 |      16
+       6 |    2855 |      17
+       7 |    8518 |      18
+       8 |    5435 |      19
+       9 |    4463 |      20
+(10 rows)
+
+select currval('testseq');
+ currval 
+---------
+      20
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select unique1, unique2, generate_series(1,10)
+  from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 7;
+                                                                         QUERY PLAN                                                                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: unique1, unique2, (generate_series(1, 10))
+   ->  ProjectSet
+         Output: unique1, unique2, generate_series(1, 10)
+         ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique2 on public.tenk1
+               Output: unique1, unique2, two, four, ten, twenty, hundred, thousand, twothousand, fivethous, tenthous, odd, even, stringu1, stringu2, string4
+(6 rows)
+
+select unique1, unique2, generate_series(1,10)
+  from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 7;
+ unique1 | unique2 | generate_series 
+---------+---------+-----------------
+    8800 |       0 |               1
+    8800 |       0 |               2
+    8800 |       0 |               3
+    8800 |       0 |               4
+    8800 |       0 |               5
+    8800 |       0 |               6
+    8800 |       0 |               7
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select unique1, unique2, generate_series(1,10)
+  from tenk1 order by tenthous limit 7;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: unique1, unique2, (generate_series(1, 10)), tenthous
+   ->  ProjectSet
+         Output: unique1, unique2, generate_series(1, 10), tenthous
+         ->  Sort
+               Output: unique1, unique2, tenthous
+               Sort Key: tenk1.tenthous
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.tenk1
+                     Output: unique1, unique2, tenthous
+(9 rows)
+
+select unique1, unique2, generate_series(1,10)
+  from tenk1 order by tenthous limit 7;
+ unique1 | unique2 | generate_series 
+---------+---------+-----------------
+       0 |    9998 |               1
+       0 |    9998 |               2
+       0 |    9998 |               3
+       0 |    9998 |               4
+       0 |    9998 |               5
+       0 |    9998 |               6
+       0 |    9998 |               7
+(7 rows)
+
+-- use of random() is to keep planner from folding the expressions together
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select generate_series(0,2) as s1, generate_series((random()*.1)::int,2) as s2;
+                                              QUERY PLAN                                              
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ProjectSet
+   Output: generate_series(0, 2), generate_series(((random() * '0.1'::double precision))::integer, 2)
+   ->  Result
+(3 rows)
+
+select generate_series(0,2) as s1, generate_series((random()*.1)::int,2) as s2;
+ s1 | s2 
+----+----
+  0 |  0
+  1 |  1
+  2 |  2
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select generate_series(0,2) as s1, generate_series((random()*.1)::int,2) as s2
+order by s2 desc;
+                                                 QUERY PLAN                                                 
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Output: (generate_series(0, 2)), (generate_series(((random() * '0.1'::double precision))::integer, 2))
+   Sort Key: (generate_series(((random() * '0.1'::double precision))::integer, 2)) DESC
+   ->  ProjectSet
+         Output: generate_series(0, 2), generate_series(((random() * '0.1'::double precision))::integer, 2)
+         ->  Result
+(6 rows)
+
+select generate_series(0,2) as s1, generate_series((random()*.1)::int,2) as s2
+order by s2 desc;
+ s1 | s2 
+----+----
+  2 |  2
+  1 |  1
+  0 |  0
+(3 rows)
+
+-- test for failure to set all aggregates' aggtranstype
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select sum(tenthous) as s1, sum(tenthous) + random()*0 as s2
+  from tenk1 group by thousand order by thousand limit 3;
+                                                    QUERY PLAN                                                     
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: (sum(tenthous)), (((sum(tenthous))::double precision + (random() * '0'::double precision))), thousand
+   ->  GroupAggregate
+         Output: sum(tenthous), ((sum(tenthous))::double precision + (random() * '0'::double precision)), thousand
+         Group Key: tenk1.thousand
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on public.tenk1
+               Output: thousand, tenthous
+(7 rows)
+
+select sum(tenthous) as s1, sum(tenthous) + random()*0 as s2
+  from tenk1 group by thousand order by thousand limit 3;
+  s1   |  s2   
+-------+-------
+ 45000 | 45000
+ 45010 | 45010
+ 45020 | 45020
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- FETCH FIRST
+-- Check the WITH TIES clause
+--
+SELECT  thousand
+		FROM onek WHERE thousand < 5
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST 2 ROW WITH TIES;
+ thousand 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT  thousand
+		FROM onek WHERE thousand < 5
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST ROWS WITH TIES;
+ thousand 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT  thousand
+		FROM onek WHERE thousand < 5
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST 1 ROW WITH TIES;
+ thousand 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT  thousand
+		FROM onek WHERE thousand < 5
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST 2 ROW ONLY;
+ thousand 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+(2 rows)
+
+-- SKIP LOCKED and WITH TIES are incompatible
+SELECT  thousand
+		FROM onek WHERE thousand < 5
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST 1 ROW WITH TIES FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED;
+ERROR:  SKIP LOCKED and WITH TIES options cannot be used together
+-- should fail
+SELECT ''::text AS two, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 > 50
+		FETCH FIRST 2 ROW WITH TIES;
+ERROR:  WITH TIES cannot be specified without ORDER BY clause
+-- test ruleutils
+CREATE VIEW limit_thousand_v_1 AS SELECT thousand FROM onek WHERE thousand < 995
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS WITH TIES OFFSET 10;
+\d+ limit_thousand_v_1
+                      View "public.limit_thousand_v_1"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ thousand | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT onek.thousand
+   FROM onek
+  WHERE onek.thousand < 995
+  ORDER BY onek.thousand
+ OFFSET 10
+ FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS WITH TIES;
+
+CREATE VIEW limit_thousand_v_2 AS SELECT thousand FROM onek WHERE thousand < 995
+		ORDER BY thousand OFFSET 10 FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;
+\d+ limit_thousand_v_2
+                      View "public.limit_thousand_v_2"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ thousand | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT onek.thousand
+   FROM onek
+  WHERE onek.thousand < 995
+  ORDER BY onek.thousand
+ OFFSET 10
+ LIMIT 5;
+
+CREATE VIEW limit_thousand_v_3 AS SELECT thousand FROM onek WHERE thousand < 995
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST NULL ROWS WITH TIES;		-- fails
+ERROR:  row count cannot be null in FETCH FIRST ... WITH TIES clause
+CREATE VIEW limit_thousand_v_3 AS SELECT thousand FROM onek WHERE thousand < 995
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST (NULL+1) ROWS WITH TIES;
+\d+ limit_thousand_v_3
+                      View "public.limit_thousand_v_3"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ thousand | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT onek.thousand
+   FROM onek
+  WHERE onek.thousand < 995
+  ORDER BY onek.thousand
+ FETCH FIRST (NULL::integer + 1) ROWS WITH TIES;
+
+CREATE VIEW limit_thousand_v_4 AS SELECT thousand FROM onek WHERE thousand < 995
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST NULL ROWS ONLY;
+\d+ limit_thousand_v_4
+                      View "public.limit_thousand_v_4"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ thousand | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT onek.thousand
+   FROM onek
+  WHERE onek.thousand < 995
+  ORDER BY onek.thousand
+ LIMIT ALL;
+
+-- leave these views
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/line.out b/src/test/regress/expected/line.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe10658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/line.out
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+--
+-- LINE
+-- Infinite lines
+--
+--DROP TABLE LINE_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE LINE_TBL (s line);
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,-1,5}');	-- A == 0
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{1,0,5}');	-- B == 0
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,3,0}');	-- A == C == 0
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES (' (0,0), (6,6)');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('10,-10 ,-5,-4');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[-1e6,2e2,3e5, -4e1]');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{3,NaN,5}');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{NaN,NaN,NaN}');
+-- horizontal
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[(1,3),(2,3)]');
+-- vertical
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES (line(point '(3,1)', point '(3,2)'));
+-- bad values for parser testing
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{}');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type line: "{}"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{}');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type line: "{0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0}');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type line: "{0,0}"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0}');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0,1');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type line: "{0,0,1"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0,1');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0,1}');
+ERROR:  invalid line specification: A and B cannot both be zero
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0,1}');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0,1} x');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type line: "{0,0,1} x"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0,1} x');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('(3asdf,2 ,3,4r2)');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type line: "(3asdf,2 ,3,4r2)"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('(3asdf,2 ,3,4r2)');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[1,2,3, 4');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type line: "[1,2,3, 4"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[1,2,3, 4');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[(,2),(3,4)]');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type line: "[(,2),(3,4)]"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[(,2),(3,4)]');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type line: "[(1,2),(3,4)"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(1,2)]');
+ERROR:  invalid line specification: must be two distinct points
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(1,2)]');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES (line(point '(1,0)', point '(1,0)'));
+ERROR:  invalid line specification: must be two distinct points
+select * from LINE_TBL;
+                       s                        
+------------------------------------------------
+ {0,-1,5}
+ {1,0,5}
+ {0,3,0}
+ {1,-1,0}
+ {-0.4,-1,-6}
+ {-0.0001846153846153846,-1,15.384615384615387}
+ {3,NaN,5}
+ {NaN,NaN,NaN}
+ {0,-1,3}
+ {-1,0,3}
+(10 rows)
+
+select '{nan, 1, nan}'::line = '{nan, 1, nan}'::line as true,
+	   '{nan, 1, nan}'::line = '{nan, 2, nan}'::line as false;
+ true | false 
+------+-------
+ t    | f
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/lock.out b/src/test/regress/expected/lock.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad137d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/lock.out
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+--
+-- Test the LOCK statement
+--
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+-- Setup
+CREATE SCHEMA lock_schema1;
+SET search_path = lock_schema1;
+CREATE TABLE lock_tbl1 (a BIGINT);
+CREATE TABLE lock_tbl1a (a BIGINT);
+CREATE VIEW lock_view1 AS SELECT * FROM lock_tbl1;
+CREATE VIEW lock_view2(a,b) AS SELECT * FROM lock_tbl1, lock_tbl1a;
+CREATE VIEW lock_view3 AS SELECT * from lock_view2;
+CREATE VIEW lock_view4 AS SELECT (select a from lock_tbl1a limit 1) from lock_tbl1;
+CREATE VIEW lock_view5 AS SELECT * from lock_tbl1 where a in (select * from lock_tbl1a);
+CREATE VIEW lock_view6 AS SELECT * from (select * from lock_tbl1) sub;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+ALTER ROLE regress_rol_lock1 SET search_path = lock_schema1;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA lock_schema1 TO regress_rol_lock1;
+-- Try all valid lock options; also try omitting the optional TABLE keyword.
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ACCESS SHARE MODE;
+LOCK lock_tbl1 IN ROW SHARE MODE;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN SHARE MODE;
+LOCK lock_tbl1 IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Try using NOWAIT along with valid options.
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ACCESS SHARE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ROW SHARE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN SHARE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Verify that we can lock views.
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view1 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view1 and lock_tbl1 are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+  relname   
+------------
+ lock_tbl1
+ lock_view1
+(2 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view2 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view1, lock_tbl1, and lock_tbl1a are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+  relname   
+------------
+ lock_tbl1
+ lock_tbl1a
+ lock_view2
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view3 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view3, lock_view2, lock_tbl1, and lock_tbl1a are locked recursively.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+  relname   
+------------
+ lock_tbl1
+ lock_tbl1a
+ lock_view2
+ lock_view3
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view4 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view4, lock_tbl1, and lock_tbl1a are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+  relname   
+------------
+ lock_tbl1
+ lock_tbl1a
+ lock_view4
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view5 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view5, lock_tbl1, and lock_tbl1a are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+  relname   
+------------
+ lock_tbl1
+ lock_tbl1a
+ lock_view5
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view6 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view6 an lock_tbl1 are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+  relname   
+------------
+ lock_tbl1
+ lock_view6
+(2 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Verify that we cope with infinite recursion in view definitions.
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW lock_view2 AS SELECT * from lock_view3;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view2 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+ROLLBACK;
+CREATE VIEW lock_view7 AS SELECT * from lock_view2;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view7 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Verify that we can lock a table with inheritance children.
+CREATE TABLE lock_tbl2 (b BIGINT) INHERITS (lock_tbl1);
+CREATE TABLE lock_tbl3 () INHERITS (lock_tbl2);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 * IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Child tables are locked without granting explicit permission to do so as
+-- long as we have permission to lock the parent.
+GRANT UPDATE ON TABLE lock_tbl1 TO regress_rol_lock1;
+SET ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+-- fail when child locked directly
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl2;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table lock_tbl2
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 * IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE ONLY lock_tbl1;
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE UPDATE ON TABLE lock_tbl1 FROM regress_rol_lock1;
+-- Tables referred to by views are locked without explicit permission to do so
+-- as long as we have permission to lock the view itself.
+SET ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+-- fail without permissions on the view
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view1;
+ERROR:  permission denied for view lock_view1
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT UPDATE ON TABLE lock_view1 TO regress_rol_lock1;
+SET ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view1 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view1 and lock_tbl1 (plus children lock_tbl2 and lock_tbl3) are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'AccessExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+  relname   
+------------
+ lock_tbl1
+ lock_tbl2
+ lock_tbl3
+ lock_view1
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE UPDATE ON TABLE lock_view1 FROM regress_rol_lock1;
+-- Tables referred to by security invoker views require explicit permission to
+-- be locked.
+CREATE VIEW lock_view8 WITH (security_invoker) AS SELECT * FROM lock_tbl1;
+SET ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+-- fail without permissions on the view
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view8;
+ERROR:  permission denied for view lock_view8
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT UPDATE ON TABLE lock_view8 TO regress_rol_lock1;
+SET ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+-- fail without permissions on the table referenced by the view
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view8;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table lock_tbl1
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT UPDATE ON TABLE lock_tbl1 TO regress_rol_lock1;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view8 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view8 and lock_tbl1 (plus children lock_tbl2 and lock_tbl3) are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'AccessExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+  relname   
+------------
+ lock_tbl1
+ lock_tbl2
+ lock_tbl3
+ lock_view8
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE UPDATE ON TABLE lock_view8 FROM regress_rol_lock1;
+--
+-- Clean up
+--
+DROP VIEW lock_view8;
+DROP VIEW lock_view7;
+DROP VIEW lock_view6;
+DROP VIEW lock_view5;
+DROP VIEW lock_view4;
+DROP VIEW lock_view3 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view lock_view2
+DROP VIEW lock_view1;
+DROP TABLE lock_tbl3;
+DROP TABLE lock_tbl2;
+DROP TABLE lock_tbl1;
+DROP TABLE lock_tbl1a;
+DROP SCHEMA lock_schema1 CASCADE;
+DROP ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+-- atomic ops tests
+RESET search_path;
+CREATE FUNCTION test_atomic_ops()
+    RETURNS bool
+    AS :'regresslib'
+    LANGUAGE C;
+SELECT test_atomic_ops();
+ test_atomic_ops 
+-----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/lseg.out b/src/test/regress/expected/lseg.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e878b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/lseg.out
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+--
+-- LSEG
+-- Line segments
+--
+--DROP TABLE LSEG_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE LSEG_TBL (s lseg);
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)]');
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('(0,0),(6,6)');
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('10,-10 ,-3,-4');
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[-1e6,2e2,3e5, -4e1]');
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES (lseg(point(11, 22), point(33,44)));
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(-10,2),(-10,3)]');	-- vertical
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(0,-20),(30,-20)]');	-- horizontal
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]');	-- NaN
+-- bad values for parser testing
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('(3asdf,2 ,3,4r2)');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type lseg: "(3asdf,2 ,3,4r2)"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('(3asdf,2 ,3,4r2)');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[1,2,3, 4');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type lseg: "[1,2,3, 4"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[1,2,3, 4');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(,2),(3,4)]');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type lseg: "[(,2),(3,4)]"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(,2),(3,4)]');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type lseg: "[(1,2),(3,4)"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)');
+                                     ^
+select * from LSEG_TBL;
+               s               
+-------------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(6,6)]
+ [(10,-10),(-3,-4)]
+ [(-1000000,200),(300000,-40)]
+ [(11,22),(33,44)]
+ [(-10,2),(-10,3)]
+ [(0,-20),(30,-20)]
+ [(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]
+(8 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/macaddr.out b/src/test/regress/expected/macaddr.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..151f9ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/macaddr.out
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+--
+-- macaddr
+--
+CREATE TABLE macaddr_data (a int, b macaddr);
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (1, '08:00:2b:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (2, '08-00-2b-01-02-03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (3, '08002b:010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (4, '08002b-010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (5, '0800.2b01.0203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (6, '0800-2b01-0203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (7, '08002b010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (8, '0800:2b01:0203'); -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr: "0800:2b01:0203"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (8, '0800:2b01:0203');
+                                            ^
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (9, 'not even close'); -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr: "not even close"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (9, 'not even close');
+                                            ^
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (10, '08:00:2b:01:02:04');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (11, '08:00:2b:01:02:02');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (12, '08:00:2a:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (13, '08:00:2c:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (14, '08:00:2a:01:02:04');
+SELECT * FROM macaddr_data;
+ a  |         b         
+----+-------------------
+  1 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
+  2 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
+  3 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
+  4 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
+  5 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
+  6 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
+  7 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
+ 10 | 08:00:2b:01:02:04
+ 11 | 08:00:2b:01:02:02
+ 12 | 08:00:2a:01:02:03
+ 13 | 08:00:2c:01:02:03
+ 14 | 08:00:2a:01:02:04
+(12 rows)
+
+CREATE INDEX macaddr_data_btree ON macaddr_data USING btree (b);
+CREATE INDEX macaddr_data_hash ON macaddr_data USING hash (b);
+SELECT a, b, trunc(b) FROM macaddr_data ORDER BY 2, 1;
+ a  |         b         |       trunc       
+----+-------------------+-------------------
+ 12 | 08:00:2a:01:02:03 | 08:00:2a:00:00:00
+ 14 | 08:00:2a:01:02:04 | 08:00:2a:00:00:00
+ 11 | 08:00:2b:01:02:02 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00
+  1 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00
+  2 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00
+  3 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00
+  4 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00
+  5 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00
+  6 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00
+  7 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00
+ 10 | 08:00:2b:01:02:04 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00
+ 13 | 08:00:2c:01:02:03 | 08:00:2c:00:00:00
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT b <  '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:01:02:03' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b <= '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b >= '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b =  '08:00:2b:01:02:03' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b <> '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b <> '08:00:2b:01:02:03' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ~b                       FROM macaddr_data;
+     ?column?      
+-------------------
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fb
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fd
+ f7:ff:d5:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d3:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d5:fe:fd:fb
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT  b & '00:00:00:ff:ff:ff' FROM macaddr_data;
+     ?column?      
+-------------------
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:01:02:04
+ 00:00:00:01:02:02
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:01:02:04
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT  b | '01:02:03:04:05:06' FROM macaddr_data;
+     ?column?      
+-------------------
+ 09:02:2b:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:05:07:06
+ 09:02:2b:05:07:06
+ 09:02:2b:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2f:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:05:07:06
+(12 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE macaddr_data;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/macaddr8.out b/src/test/regress/expected/macaddr8.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74f53a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/macaddr8.out
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+--
+-- macaddr8
+--
+-- test various cases of valid and invalid input
+-- valid
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03     '::macaddr8;
+        macaddr8         
+-------------------------
+ 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '    08:00:2b:01:02:03     '::macaddr8;
+        macaddr8         
+-------------------------
+ 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '    08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr8;
+        macaddr8         
+-------------------------
+ 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05     '::macaddr8;
+        macaddr8         
+-------------------------
+ 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '    08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05     '::macaddr8;
+        macaddr8         
+-------------------------
+ 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '    08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05'::macaddr8;
+        macaddr8         
+-------------------------
+ 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '123    08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "123    08:00:2b:01:02:03"
+LINE 1: SELECT '123    08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03  123'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "08:00:2b:01:02:03  123"
+LINE 1: SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03  123'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '123    08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "123    08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05"
+LINE 1: SELECT '123    08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05  123'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05  123"
+LINE 1: SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05  123'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05:06:07'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05:06:07"
+LINE 1: SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05:06:07'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '08-00-2b-01-02-03-04-05-06-07'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "08-00-2b-01-02-03-04-05-06-07"
+LINE 1: SELECT '08-00-2b-01-02-03-04-05-06-07'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '08002b:01020304050607'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "08002b:01020304050607"
+LINE 1: SELECT '08002b:01020304050607'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '08002b01020304050607'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "08002b01020304050607"
+LINE 1: SELECT '08002b01020304050607'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '0z002b0102030405'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "0z002b0102030405"
+LINE 1: SELECT '0z002b0102030405'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '08002b010203xyza'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "08002b010203xyza"
+LINE 1: SELECT '08002b010203xyza'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '08:00-2b:01:02:03:04:05'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "08:00-2b:01:02:03:04:05"
+LINE 1: SELECT '08:00-2b:01:02:03:04:05'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '08:00-2b:01:02:03:04:05'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "08:00-2b:01:02:03:04:05"
+LINE 1: SELECT '08:00-2b:01:02:03:04:05'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01.02:03:04:05'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "08:00:2b:01.02:03:04:05"
+LINE 1: SELECT '08:00:2b:01.02:03:04:05'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01.02:03:04:05'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "08:00:2b:01.02:03:04:05"
+LINE 1: SELECT '08:00:2b:01.02:03:04:05'::macaddr8;
+               ^
+-- test converting a MAC address to modified EUI-64 for inclusion
+-- in an ipv6 address
+SELECT macaddr8_set7bit('00:08:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr8);
+    macaddr8_set7bit     
+-------------------------
+ 02:08:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE macaddr8_data (a int, b macaddr8);
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (1, '08:00:2b:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (2, '08-00-2b-01-02-03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (3, '08002b:010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (4, '08002b-010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (5, '0800.2b01.0203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (6, '0800-2b01-0203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (7, '08002b010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (8, '0800:2b01:0203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (9, 'not even close'); -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type macaddr8: "not even close"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (9, 'not even close');
+                                             ^
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (10, '08:00:2b:01:02:04');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (11, '08:00:2b:01:02:02');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (12, '08:00:2a:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (13, '08:00:2c:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (14, '08:00:2a:01:02:04');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (15, '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (16, '08-00-2b-01-02-03-04-05');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (17, '08002b:0102030405');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (18, '08002b-0102030405');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (19, '0800.2b01.0203.0405');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (20, '08002b01:02030405');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (21, '08002b0102030405');
+SELECT * FROM macaddr8_data ORDER BY 1;
+ a  |            b            
+----+-------------------------
+  1 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+  2 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+  3 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+  4 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+  5 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+  6 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+  7 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+  8 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 10 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:04
+ 11 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:02
+ 12 | 08:00:2a:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 13 | 08:00:2c:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 14 | 08:00:2a:ff:fe:01:02:04
+ 15 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05
+ 16 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05
+ 17 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05
+ 18 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05
+ 19 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05
+ 20 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05
+ 21 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05
+(20 rows)
+
+CREATE INDEX macaddr8_data_btree ON macaddr8_data USING btree (b);
+CREATE INDEX macaddr8_data_hash ON macaddr8_data USING hash (b);
+SELECT a, b, trunc(b) FROM macaddr8_data ORDER BY 2, 1;
+ a  |            b            |          trunc          
+----+-------------------------+-------------------------
+ 12 | 08:00:2a:ff:fe:01:02:03 | 08:00:2a:00:00:00:00:00
+ 14 | 08:00:2a:ff:fe:01:02:04 | 08:00:2a:00:00:00:00:00
+ 15 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+ 16 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+ 17 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+ 18 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+ 19 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+ 20 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+ 21 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+ 11 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:02 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+  1 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+  2 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+  3 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+  4 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+  5 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+  6 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+  7 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+  8 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+ 10 | 08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:04 | 08:00:2b:00:00:00:00:00
+ 13 | 08:00:2c:ff:fe:01:02:03 | 08:00:2c:00:00:00:00:00
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT b <  '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:04' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b::macaddr <= '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b::macaddr >= '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b =  '08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b::macaddr <> '08:00:2b:01:02:04'::macaddr FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b::macaddr <> '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b <  '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:06' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:06' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b <= '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:06' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b >= '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:06' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b =  '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b <> '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:06' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT b <> '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- false
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ~b                       FROM macaddr8_data;
+        ?column?         
+-------------------------
+ f7:ff:d4:00:01:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:00:01:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:00:01:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:00:01:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:00:01:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:00:01:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:00:01:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:00:01:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d4:00:01:fe:fd:fb
+ f7:ff:d4:00:01:fe:fd:fd
+ f7:ff:d5:00:01:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d3:00:01:fe:fd:fc
+ f7:ff:d5:00:01:fe:fd:fb
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc:fb:fa
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc:fb:fa
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc:fb:fa
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc:fb:fa
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc:fb:fa
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc:fb:fa
+ f7:ff:d4:fe:fd:fc:fb:fa
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT  b & '00:00:00:ff:ff:ff' FROM macaddr8_data;
+        ?column?         
+-------------------------
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:04
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:02
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:03
+ 00:00:00:ff:fe:01:02:04
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03:04:05
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03:04:05
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03:04:05
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03:04:05
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03:04:05
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03:04:05
+ 00:00:00:01:02:03:04:05
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT  b | '01:02:03:04:05:06' FROM macaddr8_data;
+        ?column?         
+-------------------------
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:06
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:06
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2f:ff:fe:05:07:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:05:07:06
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:07:05:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:07:05:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:07:05:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:07:05:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:07:05:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:07:05:07
+ 09:02:2b:ff:fe:07:05:07
+(20 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE macaddr8_data;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/matview.out b/src/test/regress/expected/matview.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c109d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/matview.out
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+-- create a table to use as a basis for views and materialized views in various combinations
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_t (id int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, type text NOT NULL, amt numeric NOT NULL);
+INSERT INTO mvtest_t VALUES
+  (1, 'x', 2),
+  (2, 'x', 3),
+  (3, 'y', 5),
+  (4, 'y', 7),
+  (5, 'z', 11);
+-- we want a view based on the table, too, since views present additional challenges
+CREATE VIEW mvtest_tv AS SELECT type, sum(amt) AS totamt FROM mvtest_t GROUP BY type;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tv ORDER BY type;
+ type | totamt 
+------+--------
+ x    |      5
+ y    |     12
+ z    |     11
+(3 rows)
+
+-- create a materialized view with no data, and confirm correct behavior
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tm AS SELECT type, sum(amt) AS totamt FROM mvtest_t GROUP BY type WITH NO DATA;
+         QUERY PLAN         
+----------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: type
+   ->  Seq Scan on mvtest_t
+(3 rows)
+
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tm AS SELECT type, sum(amt) AS totamt FROM mvtest_t GROUP BY type WITH NO DATA;
+SELECT relispopulated FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'mvtest_tm'::regclass;
+ relispopulated 
+----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tm ORDER BY type;
+ERROR:  materialized view "mvtest_tm" has not been populated
+HINT:  Use the REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW command.
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tm;
+SELECT relispopulated FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'mvtest_tm'::regclass;
+ relispopulated 
+----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX mvtest_tm_type ON mvtest_tm (type);
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tm ORDER BY type;
+ type | totamt 
+------+--------
+ x    |      5
+ y    |     12
+ z    |     11
+(3 rows)
+
+-- create various views
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvm AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tv ORDER BY type;
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: mvtest_t.type
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: mvtest_t.type
+         ->  Seq Scan on mvtest_t
+(5 rows)
+
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvm AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tv ORDER BY type;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvm;
+ type | totamt 
+------+--------
+ x    |      5
+ y    |     12
+ z    |     11
+(3 rows)
+
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tmm AS SELECT sum(totamt) AS grandtot FROM mvtest_tm;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvmm AS SELECT sum(totamt) AS grandtot FROM mvtest_tvm;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX mvtest_tvmm_expr ON mvtest_tvmm ((grandtot > 0));
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX mvtest_tvmm_pred ON mvtest_tvmm (grandtot) WHERE grandtot < 0;
+CREATE VIEW mvtest_tvv AS SELECT sum(totamt) AS grandtot FROM mvtest_tv;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvvm AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvv;
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: mvtest_t.type
+         ->  Seq Scan on mvtest_t
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvvm AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvv;
+CREATE VIEW mvtest_tvvmv AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_bb AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvmv;
+CREATE INDEX mvtest_aa ON mvtest_bb (grandtot);
+-- check that plans seem reasonable
+\d+ mvtest_tvm
+                           Materialized view "public.mvtest_tvm"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ type   | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ totamt | numeric |           |          |         | main     |              | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT mvtest_tv.type,
+    mvtest_tv.totamt
+   FROM mvtest_tv
+  ORDER BY mvtest_tv.type;
+
+\d+ mvtest_tvm
+                           Materialized view "public.mvtest_tvm"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ type   | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ totamt | numeric |           |          |         | main     |              | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT mvtest_tv.type,
+    mvtest_tv.totamt
+   FROM mvtest_tv
+  ORDER BY mvtest_tv.type;
+
+\d+ mvtest_tvvm
+                           Materialized view "public.mvtest_tvvm"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ grandtot | numeric |           |          |         | main    |              | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT mvtest_tvv.grandtot
+   FROM mvtest_tvv;
+
+\d+ mvtest_bb
+                            Materialized view "public.mvtest_bb"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ grandtot | numeric |           |          |         | main    |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "mvtest_aa" btree (grandtot)
+View definition:
+ SELECT mvtest_tvvmv.grandtot
+   FROM mvtest_tvvmv;
+
+-- test schema behavior
+CREATE SCHEMA mvtest_mvschema;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvm SET SCHEMA mvtest_mvschema;
+\d+ mvtest_tvm
+\d+ mvtest_tvmm
+                           Materialized view "public.mvtest_tvmm"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ grandtot | numeric |           |          |         | main    |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "mvtest_tvmm_expr" UNIQUE, btree ((grandtot > 0::numeric))
+    "mvtest_tvmm_pred" UNIQUE, btree (grandtot) WHERE grandtot < 0::numeric
+View definition:
+ SELECT sum(mvtest_tvm.totamt) AS grandtot
+   FROM mvtest_mvschema.mvtest_tvm;
+
+SET search_path = mvtest_mvschema, public;
+\d+ mvtest_tvm
+                      Materialized view "mvtest_mvschema.mvtest_tvm"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ type   | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ totamt | numeric |           |          |         | main     |              | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT mvtest_tv.type,
+    mvtest_tv.totamt
+   FROM mvtest_tv
+  ORDER BY mvtest_tv.type;
+
+-- modify the underlying table data
+INSERT INTO mvtest_t VALUES (6, 'z', 13);
+-- confirm pre- and post-refresh contents of fairly simple materialized views
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tm ORDER BY type;
+ type | totamt 
+------+--------
+ x    |      5
+ y    |     12
+ z    |     11
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvm ORDER BY type;
+ type | totamt 
+------+--------
+ x    |      5
+ y    |     12
+ z    |     11
+(3 rows)
+
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_tm;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvm;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tm ORDER BY type;
+ type | totamt 
+------+--------
+ x    |      5
+ y    |     12
+ z    |     24
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvm ORDER BY type;
+ type | totamt 
+------+--------
+ x    |      5
+ y    |     12
+ z    |     24
+(3 rows)
+
+RESET search_path;
+-- confirm pre- and post-refresh contents of nested materialized views
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tmm;
+       QUERY PLAN       
+------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mvtest_tmm
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvmm;
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mvtest_tvmm
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm;
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mvtest_tvvm
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tmm;
+ grandtot 
+----------
+       28
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvmm;
+ grandtot 
+----------
+       28
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm;
+ grandtot 
+----------
+       28
+(1 row)
+
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tmm;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_tvmm;
+ERROR:  cannot refresh materialized view "public.mvtest_tvmm" concurrently
+HINT:  Create a unique index with no WHERE clause on one or more columns of the materialized view.
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvmm;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvvm;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tmm;
+       QUERY PLAN       
+------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mvtest_tmm
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvmm;
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mvtest_tvmm
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm;
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mvtest_tvvm
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tmm;
+ grandtot 
+----------
+       41
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvmm;
+ grandtot 
+----------
+       41
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm;
+ grandtot 
+----------
+       41
+(1 row)
+
+-- test diemv when the mv does not exist
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW IF EXISTS no_such_mv;
+NOTICE:  materialized view "no_such_mv" does not exist, skipping
+-- make sure invalid combination of options is prohibited
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_tvmm WITH NO DATA;
+ERROR:  CONCURRENTLY and WITH NO DATA options cannot be used together
+-- no tuple locks on materialized views
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm FOR SHARE;
+ERROR:  cannot lock rows in materialized view "mvtest_tvvm"
+-- test join of mv and view
+SELECT type, m.totamt AS mtot, v.totamt AS vtot FROM mvtest_tm m LEFT JOIN mvtest_tv v USING (type) ORDER BY type;
+ type | mtot | vtot 
+------+------+------
+ x    |    5 |    5
+ y    |   12 |   12
+ z    |   24 |   24
+(3 rows)
+
+-- make sure that dependencies are reported properly when they block the drop
+DROP TABLE mvtest_t;
+ERROR:  cannot drop table mvtest_t because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  view mvtest_tv depends on table mvtest_t
+materialized view mvtest_mvschema.mvtest_tvm depends on view mvtest_tv
+materialized view mvtest_tvmm depends on materialized view mvtest_mvschema.mvtest_tvm
+view mvtest_tvv depends on view mvtest_tv
+materialized view mvtest_tvvm depends on view mvtest_tvv
+view mvtest_tvvmv depends on materialized view mvtest_tvvm
+materialized view mvtest_bb depends on view mvtest_tvvmv
+materialized view mvtest_tm depends on table mvtest_t
+materialized view mvtest_tmm depends on materialized view mvtest_tm
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- make sure dependencies are dropped and reported
+-- and make sure that transactional behavior is correct on rollback
+-- incidentally leaving some interesting materialized views for pg_dump testing
+BEGIN;
+DROP TABLE mvtest_t CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 9 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view mvtest_tv
+drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_mvschema.mvtest_tvm
+drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_tvmm
+drop cascades to view mvtest_tvv
+drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_tvvm
+drop cascades to view mvtest_tvvmv
+drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_bb
+drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_tm
+drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_tmm
+ROLLBACK;
+-- some additional tests not using base tables
+CREATE VIEW mvtest_vt1 AS SELECT 1 moo;
+CREATE VIEW mvtest_vt2 AS SELECT moo, 2*moo FROM mvtest_vt1 UNION ALL SELECT moo, 3*moo FROM mvtest_vt1;
+\d+ mvtest_vt2
+                          View "public.mvtest_vt2"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ moo      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ ?column? | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT mvtest_vt1.moo,
+    2 * mvtest_vt1.moo AS "?column?"
+   FROM mvtest_vt1
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT mvtest_vt1.moo,
+    3 * mvtest_vt1.moo
+   FROM mvtest_vt1;
+
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_test2 AS SELECT moo, 2*moo FROM mvtest_vt2 UNION ALL SELECT moo, 3*moo FROM mvtest_vt2;
+\d+ mv_test2
+                            Materialized view "public.mv_test2"
+  Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ moo      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ ?column? | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT mvtest_vt2.moo,
+    2 * mvtest_vt2.moo AS "?column?"
+   FROM mvtest_vt2
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT mvtest_vt2.moo,
+    3 * mvtest_vt2.moo
+   FROM mvtest_vt2;
+
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_test3 AS SELECT * FROM mv_test2 WHERE moo = 12345;
+SELECT relispopulated FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'mv_test3'::regclass;
+ relispopulated 
+----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW mvtest_vt1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view mvtest_vt2
+drop cascades to materialized view mv_test2
+drop cascades to materialized view mv_test3
+-- test that duplicate values on unique index prevent refresh
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_foo(a, b) AS VALUES(1, 10);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mvtest_mv(a);
+INSERT INTO mvtest_foo SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv;
+ERROR:  could not create unique index "mvtest_mv_a_idx"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) is duplicated.
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_mv;
+ERROR:  new data for materialized view "mvtest_mv" contains duplicate rows without any null columns
+DETAIL:  Row: (1,10)
+DROP TABLE mvtest_foo CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_mv
+-- make sure that all columns covered by unique indexes works
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_foo(a, b, c) AS VALUES(1, 2, 3);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mvtest_mv (a);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mvtest_mv (b);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX on mvtest_mv (c);
+INSERT INTO mvtest_foo VALUES(2, 3, 4);
+INSERT INTO mvtest_foo VALUES(3, 4, 5);
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_mv;
+DROP TABLE mvtest_foo CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_mv
+-- allow subquery to reference unpopulated matview if WITH NO DATA is specified
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv1 AS SELECT 1 AS col1 WITH NO DATA;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv2 AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv1
+  WHERE col1 = (SELECT LEAST(col1) FROM mvtest_mv1) WITH NO DATA;
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_mv2
+-- make sure that types with unusual equality tests work
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_boxes (id serial primary key, b box);
+INSERT INTO mvtest_boxes (b) VALUES
+  ('(32,32),(31,31)'),
+  ('(2.0000004,2.0000004),(1,1)'),
+  ('(1.9999996,1.9999996),(1,1)');
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_boxmv AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_boxes;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX mvtest_boxmv_id ON mvtest_boxmv (id);
+UPDATE mvtest_boxes SET b = '(2,2),(1,1)' WHERE id = 2;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_boxmv;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_boxmv ORDER BY id;
+ id |              b              
+----+-----------------------------
+  1 | (32,32),(31,31)
+  2 | (2,2),(1,1)
+  3 | (1.9999996,1.9999996),(1,1)
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE mvtest_boxes CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_boxmv
+-- make sure that column names are handled correctly
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_v (i int, j int);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v (ii, jj, kk) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v; -- error
+ERROR:  too many column names were specified
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v (ii, jj) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v; -- ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_2 (ii) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v; -- ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_3 (ii, jj, kk) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v WITH NO DATA; -- error
+ERROR:  too many column names were specified
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_3 (ii, jj) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_4 (ii) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+ALTER TABLE mvtest_v RENAME COLUMN i TO x;
+INSERT INTO mvtest_v values (1, 2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX mvtest_mv_v_ii ON mvtest_mv_v (ii);
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v;
+UPDATE mvtest_v SET j = 3 WHERE x = 1;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_mv_v;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_2;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_3;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_4;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_v;
+ x | j 
+---+---
+ 1 | 3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v;
+ ii | jj 
+----+----
+  1 |  3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v_2;
+ ii | j 
+----+---
+  1 | 3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v_3;
+ ii | jj 
+----+----
+  1 |  3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v_4;
+ ii | j 
+----+---
+  1 | 3
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE mvtest_v CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 4 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_mv_v
+drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_mv_v_2
+drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_mv_v_3
+drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_mv_v_4
+-- Check that unknown literals are converted to "text" in CREATE MATVIEW,
+-- so that we don't end up with unknown-type columns.
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_unspecified_types AS
+  SELECT 42 as i, 42.5 as num, 'foo' as u, 'foo'::unknown as u2, null as n;
+\d+ mv_unspecified_types
+                      Materialized view "public.mv_unspecified_types"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ i      | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ num    | numeric |           |          |         | main     |              | 
+ u      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ u2     | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ n      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT 42 AS i,
+    42.5 AS num,
+    'foo'::text AS u,
+    'foo'::text AS u2,
+    NULL::text AS n;
+
+SELECT * FROM mv_unspecified_types;
+ i  | num  |  u  | u2  | n 
+----+------+-----+-----+---
+ 42 | 42.5 | foo | foo | 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_unspecified_types;
+-- make sure that create WITH NO DATA does not plan the query (bug #13907)
+create materialized view mvtest_error as select 1/0 as x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  division by zero
+create materialized view mvtest_error as select 1/0 as x with no data;
+refresh materialized view mvtest_error;  -- fail here
+ERROR:  division by zero
+drop materialized view mvtest_error;
+-- make sure that matview rows can be referenced as source rows (bug #9398)
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_v AS SELECT generate_series(1,10) AS a;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v AS SELECT a FROM mvtest_v WHERE a <= 5;
+DELETE FROM mvtest_v WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v WHERE mvtest_mv_v.a = mvtest_v.a );
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_v;
+ a  
+----
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE mvtest_v CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to materialized view mvtest_mv_v
+-- make sure running as superuser works when MV owned by another role (bug #11208)
+CREATE ROLE regress_user_mvtest;
+SET ROLE regress_user_mvtest;
+-- this test case also checks for ambiguity in the queries issued by
+-- refresh_by_match_merge(), by choosing column names that intentionally
+-- duplicate all the aliases used in those queries
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_foo_data AS SELECT i,
+  i+1 AS tid,
+  md5(random()::text) AS mv,
+  md5(random()::text) AS newdata,
+  md5(random()::text) AS newdata2,
+  md5(random()::text) AS diff
+  FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_foo AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo_data;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_foo AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo_data;
+ERROR:  relation "mvtest_mv_foo" already exists
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS mvtest_mv_foo AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo_data;
+NOTICE:  relation "mvtest_mv_foo" already exists, skipping
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mvtest_mv_foo (i);
+RESET ROLE;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_foo;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_mv_foo;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_user_mvtest CASCADE;
+DROP ROLE regress_user_mvtest;
+-- make sure that create WITH NO DATA works via SPI
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION mvtest_func()
+  RETURNS void AS $$
+BEGIN
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest1 AS SELECT 1 AS x;
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest2 AS SELECT 1 AS x WITH NO DATA;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT mvtest_func();
+ mvtest_func 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest1;
+ x 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mvtest2;
+ERROR:  materialized view "mvtest2" has not been populated
+HINT:  Use the REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW command.
+ROLLBACK;
+-- INSERT privileges if relation owner is not allowed to insert.
+CREATE SCHEMA matview_schema;
+CREATE USER regress_matview_user;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_matview_user
+  REVOKE INSERT ON TABLES FROM regress_matview_user;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA matview_schema TO public;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_matview_user;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_withdata1 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1, 10) WITH DATA;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_withdata2 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1, 10) WITH DATA;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ ProjectSet (actual rows=10 loops=1)
+   ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+(2 rows)
+
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_withdata2;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_nodata1 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1, 10) WITH NO DATA;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_nodata2 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1, 10) WITH NO DATA;
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ ProjectSet (never executed)
+   ->  Result (never executed)
+(2 rows)
+
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_nodata2;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_matview_user
+  GRANT INSERT ON TABLES TO regress_matview_user;
+DROP SCHEMA matview_schema CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 4 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to materialized view matview_schema.mv_withdata1
+drop cascades to materialized view matview_schema.mv_withdata2
+drop cascades to materialized view matview_schema.mv_nodata1
+drop cascades to materialized view matview_schema.mv_nodata2
+DROP USER regress_matview_user;
+-- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ... IF NOT EXISTS
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab AS SELECT 1 / 0; -- error
+ERROR:  relation "matview_ine_tab" already exists
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS matview_ine_tab AS
+  SELECT 1 / 0; -- ok
+NOTICE:  relation "matview_ine_tab" already exists, skipping
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab AS
+  SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- error
+ERROR:  relation "matview_ine_tab" already exists
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS matview_ine_tab AS
+  SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+NOTICE:  relation "matview_ine_tab" already exists, skipping
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab AS
+    SELECT 1 / 0; -- error
+ERROR:  relation "matview_ine_tab" already exists
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS matview_ine_tab AS
+    SELECT 1 / 0; -- ok
+NOTICE:  relation "matview_ine_tab" already exists, skipping
+ QUERY PLAN 
+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab AS
+    SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- error
+ERROR:  relation "matview_ine_tab" already exists
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS matview_ine_tab AS
+    SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+NOTICE:  relation "matview_ine_tab" already exists, skipping
+ QUERY PLAN 
+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/memoize.out b/src/test/regress/expected/memoize.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60cbdee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/memoize.out
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+-- Perform tests on the Memoize node.
+-- The cache hits/misses/evictions from the Memoize node can vary between
+-- machines.  Let's just replace the number with an 'N'.  In order to allow us
+-- to perform validation when the measure was zero, we replace a zero value
+-- with "Zero".  All other numbers are replaced with 'N'.
+create function explain_memoize(query text, hide_hitmiss bool) returns setof text
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+    ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in
+        execute format('explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) %s',
+            query)
+    loop
+        if hide_hitmiss = true then
+                ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Hits: 0', 'Hits: Zero');
+                ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Hits: \d+', 'Hits: N');
+                ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Misses: 0', 'Misses: Zero');
+                ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Misses: \d+', 'Misses: N');
+        end if;
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Evictions: 0', 'Evictions: Zero');
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Evictions: \d+', 'Evictions: N');
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Memory Usage: \d+', 'Memory Usage: N');
+	ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Heap Fetches: \d+', 'Heap Fetches: N');
+	ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'loops=\d+', 'loops=N');
+        return next ln;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+-- Ensure we get a memoize node on the inner side of the nested loop
+SET enable_hashjoin TO off;
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t1.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1
+INNER JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.unique1 = t2.twenty
+WHERE t2.unique1 < 1000;', false);
+                                      explain_memoize                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate (actual rows=1 loops=N)
+   ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=1000 loops=N)
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 t2 (actual rows=1000 loops=N)
+               Filter: (unique1 < 1000)
+               Rows Removed by Filter: 9000
+         ->  Memoize (actual rows=1 loops=N)
+               Cache Key: t2.twenty
+               Cache Mode: logical
+               Hits: 980  Misses: 20  Evictions: Zero  Overflows: 0  Memory Usage: NkB
+               ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t1 (actual rows=1 loops=N)
+                     Index Cond: (unique1 = t2.twenty)
+                     Heap Fetches: N
+(12 rows)
+
+-- And check we get the expected results.
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t1.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1
+INNER JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.unique1 = t2.twenty
+WHERE t2.unique1 < 1000;
+ count |        avg         
+-------+--------------------
+  1000 | 9.5000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- Try with LATERAL joins
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t2.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1,
+LATERAL (SELECT t2.unique1 FROM tenk1 t2
+         WHERE t1.twenty = t2.unique1 OFFSET 0) t2
+WHERE t1.unique1 < 1000;', false);
+                                      explain_memoize                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate (actual rows=1 loops=N)
+   ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=1000 loops=N)
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 t1 (actual rows=1000 loops=N)
+               Filter: (unique1 < 1000)
+               Rows Removed by Filter: 9000
+         ->  Memoize (actual rows=1 loops=N)
+               Cache Key: t1.twenty
+               Cache Mode: binary
+               Hits: 980  Misses: 20  Evictions: Zero  Overflows: 0  Memory Usage: NkB
+               ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t2 (actual rows=1 loops=N)
+                     Index Cond: (unique1 = t1.twenty)
+                     Heap Fetches: N
+(12 rows)
+
+-- And check we get the expected results.
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t2.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1,
+LATERAL (SELECT t2.unique1 FROM tenk1 t2
+         WHERE t1.twenty = t2.unique1 OFFSET 0) t2
+WHERE t1.unique1 < 1000;
+ count |        avg         
+-------+--------------------
+  1000 | 9.5000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- Reduce work_mem and hash_mem_multiplier so that we see some cache evictions
+SET work_mem TO '64kB';
+SET hash_mem_multiplier TO 1.0;
+SET enable_mergejoin TO off;
+-- Ensure we get some evictions.  We're unable to validate the hits and misses
+-- here as the number of entries that fit in the cache at once will vary
+-- between different machines.
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t1.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1
+INNER JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.unique1 = t2.thousand
+WHERE t2.unique1 < 1200;', true);
+                                      explain_memoize                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate (actual rows=1 loops=N)
+   ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=1200 loops=N)
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 t2 (actual rows=1200 loops=N)
+               Filter: (unique1 < 1200)
+               Rows Removed by Filter: 8800
+         ->  Memoize (actual rows=1 loops=N)
+               Cache Key: t2.thousand
+               Cache Mode: logical
+               Hits: N  Misses: N  Evictions: N  Overflows: 0  Memory Usage: NkB
+               ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t1 (actual rows=1 loops=N)
+                     Index Cond: (unique1 = t2.thousand)
+                     Heap Fetches: N
+(12 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE flt (f float);
+CREATE INDEX flt_f_idx ON flt (f);
+INSERT INTO flt VALUES('-0.0'::float),('+0.0'::float);
+ANALYZE flt;
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+-- Ensure memoize operates in logical mode
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT * FROM flt f1 INNER JOIN flt f2 ON f1.f = f2.f;', false);
+                                explain_memoize                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using flt_f_idx on flt f1 (actual rows=2 loops=N)
+         Heap Fetches: N
+   ->  Memoize (actual rows=2 loops=N)
+         Cache Key: f1.f
+         Cache Mode: logical
+         Hits: 1  Misses: 1  Evictions: Zero  Overflows: 0  Memory Usage: NkB
+         ->  Index Only Scan using flt_f_idx on flt f2 (actual rows=2 loops=N)
+               Index Cond: (f = f1.f)
+               Heap Fetches: N
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Ensure memoize operates in binary mode
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT * FROM flt f1 INNER JOIN flt f2 ON f1.f >= f2.f;', false);
+                                explain_memoize                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using flt_f_idx on flt f1 (actual rows=2 loops=N)
+         Heap Fetches: N
+   ->  Memoize (actual rows=2 loops=N)
+         Cache Key: f1.f
+         Cache Mode: binary
+         Hits: 0  Misses: 2  Evictions: Zero  Overflows: 0  Memory Usage: NkB
+         ->  Index Only Scan using flt_f_idx on flt f2 (actual rows=2 loops=N)
+               Index Cond: (f <= f1.f)
+               Heap Fetches: N
+(10 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE flt;
+-- Exercise Memoize in binary mode with a large fixed width type and a
+-- varlena type.
+CREATE TABLE strtest (n name, t text);
+CREATE INDEX strtest_n_idx ON strtest (n);
+CREATE INDEX strtest_t_idx ON strtest (t);
+INSERT INTO strtest VALUES('one','one'),('two','two'),('three',repeat(md5('three'),100));
+-- duplicate rows so we get some cache hits
+INSERT INTO strtest SELECT * FROM strtest;
+ANALYZE strtest;
+-- Ensure we get 3 hits and 3 misses
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT * FROM strtest s1 INNER JOIN strtest s2 ON s1.n >= s2.n;', false);
+                                 explain_memoize                                  
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop (actual rows=24 loops=N)
+   ->  Seq Scan on strtest s1 (actual rows=6 loops=N)
+   ->  Memoize (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+         Cache Key: s1.n
+         Cache Mode: binary
+         Hits: 3  Misses: 3  Evictions: Zero  Overflows: 0  Memory Usage: NkB
+         ->  Index Scan using strtest_n_idx on strtest s2 (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+               Index Cond: (n <= s1.n)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Ensure we get 3 hits and 3 misses
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT * FROM strtest s1 INNER JOIN strtest s2 ON s1.t >= s2.t;', false);
+                                 explain_memoize                                  
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop (actual rows=24 loops=N)
+   ->  Seq Scan on strtest s1 (actual rows=6 loops=N)
+   ->  Memoize (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+         Cache Key: s1.t
+         Cache Mode: binary
+         Hits: 3  Misses: 3  Evictions: Zero  Overflows: 0  Memory Usage: NkB
+         ->  Index Scan using strtest_t_idx on strtest s2 (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+               Index Cond: (t <= s1.t)
+(8 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE strtest;
+-- Ensure memoize works with partitionwise join
+SET enable_partitionwise_join TO on;
+CREATE TABLE prt (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE prt_p1 PARTITION OF prt FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE prt_p2 PARTITION OF prt FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+INSERT INTO prt VALUES (0), (0), (0), (0);
+INSERT INTO prt VALUES (10), (10), (10), (10);
+CREATE INDEX iprt_p1_a ON prt_p1 (a);
+CREATE INDEX iprt_p2_a ON prt_p2 (a);
+ANALYZE prt;
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT * FROM prt t1 INNER JOIN prt t2 ON t1.a = t2.a;', false);
+                                     explain_memoize                                      
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=32 loops=N)
+   ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=16 loops=N)
+         ->  Index Only Scan using iprt_p1_a on prt_p1 t1_1 (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+               Heap Fetches: N
+         ->  Memoize (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+               Cache Key: t1_1.a
+               Cache Mode: logical
+               Hits: 3  Misses: 1  Evictions: Zero  Overflows: 0  Memory Usage: NkB
+               ->  Index Only Scan using iprt_p1_a on prt_p1 t2_1 (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+                     Index Cond: (a = t1_1.a)
+                     Heap Fetches: N
+   ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=16 loops=N)
+         ->  Index Only Scan using iprt_p2_a on prt_p2 t1_2 (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+               Heap Fetches: N
+         ->  Memoize (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+               Cache Key: t1_2.a
+               Cache Mode: logical
+               Hits: 3  Misses: 1  Evictions: Zero  Overflows: 0  Memory Usage: NkB
+               ->  Index Only Scan using iprt_p2_a on prt_p2 t2_2 (actual rows=4 loops=N)
+                     Index Cond: (a = t1_2.a)
+                     Heap Fetches: N
+(21 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE prt;
+RESET enable_partitionwise_join;
+-- Exercise Memoize code that flushes the cache when a parameter changes which
+-- is not part of the cache key.
+-- Ensure we get a Memoize plan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 t0
+WHERE unique1 < 3
+  AND EXISTS (
+	SELECT 1 FROM tenk1 t1
+	INNER JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.unique1 = t2.hundred
+	WHERE t0.ten = t1.twenty AND t0.two <> t2.four OFFSET 0);
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t0
+   Index Cond: (unique1 < 3)
+   Filter: (SubPlan 1)
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Nested Loop
+           ->  Index Scan using tenk1_hundred on tenk1 t2
+                 Filter: (t0.two <> four)
+           ->  Memoize
+                 Cache Key: t2.hundred
+                 Cache Mode: logical
+                 ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t1
+                       Index Cond: (unique1 = t2.hundred)
+                       Filter: (t0.ten = twenty)
+(13 rows)
+
+-- Ensure the above query returns the correct result
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 t0
+WHERE unique1 < 3
+  AND EXISTS (
+	SELECT 1 FROM tenk1 t1
+	INNER JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.unique1 = t2.hundred
+	WHERE t0.ten = t1.twenty AND t0.two <> t2.four OFFSET 0);
+ unique1 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_mergejoin;
+RESET work_mem;
+RESET hash_mem_multiplier;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+-- Test parallel plans with Memoize
+SET min_parallel_table_scan_size TO 0;
+SET parallel_setup_cost TO 0;
+SET parallel_tuple_cost TO 0;
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather TO 2;
+-- Ensure we get a parallel plan.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t2.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1,
+LATERAL (SELECT t2.unique1 FROM tenk1 t2 WHERE t1.twenty = t2.unique1) t2
+WHERE t1.unique1 < 1000;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Parallel Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 t1
+                           Recheck Cond: (unique1 < 1000)
+                           ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_unique1
+                                 Index Cond: (unique1 < 1000)
+                     ->  Memoize
+                           Cache Key: t1.twenty
+                           Cache Mode: logical
+                           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 t2
+                                 Index Cond: (unique1 = t1.twenty)
+(14 rows)
+
+-- And ensure the parallel plan gives us the correct results.
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t2.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1,
+LATERAL (SELECT t2.unique1 FROM tenk1 t2 WHERE t1.twenty = t2.unique1) t2
+WHERE t1.unique1 < 1000;
+ count |        avg         
+-------+--------------------
+  1000 | 9.5000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+RESET max_parallel_workers_per_gather;
+RESET parallel_tuple_cost;
+RESET parallel_setup_cost;
+RESET min_parallel_table_scan_size;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/merge.out b/src/test/regress/expected/merge.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15c6632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/merge.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2155 @@
+--
+-- MERGE
+--
+CREATE USER regress_merge_privs;
+CREATE USER regress_merge_no_privs;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS target;
+NOTICE:  table "target" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS source;
+NOTICE:  table "source" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE target (tid integer, balance integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE source (sid integer, delta integer) -- no index
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 10);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (2, 20);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (3, 30);
+SELECT t.ctid is not null as matched, t.*, s.* FROM source s FULL OUTER JOIN target t ON s.sid = t.tid ORDER BY t.tid, s.sid;
+ matched | tid | balance | sid | delta 
+---------+-----+---------+-----+-------
+ t       |   1 |      10 |     |      
+ t       |   2 |      20 |     |      
+ t       |   3 |      30 |     |      
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE target OWNER TO regress_merge_privs;
+ALTER TABLE source OWNER TO regress_merge_privs;
+CREATE TABLE target2 (tid integer, balance integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE source2 (sid integer, delta integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+ALTER TABLE target2 OWNER TO regress_merge_no_privs;
+ALTER TABLE source2 OWNER TO regress_merge_no_privs;
+GRANT INSERT ON target TO regress_merge_no_privs;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_merge_privs;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Merge on target t
+   ->  Merge Join
+         Merge Cond: (t.tid = s.sid)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t.tid
+               ->  Seq Scan on target t
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: s.sid
+               ->  Seq Scan on source s
+(9 rows)
+
+--
+-- Errors
+--
+MERGE INTO target t RANDOMWORD
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "RANDOMWORD"
+LINE 1: MERGE INTO target t RANDOMWORD
+                            ^
+-- MATCHED/INSERT error
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "INSERT"
+LINE 5:  INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+         ^
+-- incorrectly specifying INTO target
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT INTO target DEFAULT VALUES;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "INTO"
+LINE 5:  INSERT INTO target DEFAULT VALUES;
+                ^
+-- Multiple VALUES clause
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (1,1), (2,2);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ","
+LINE 5:  INSERT VALUES (1,1), (2,2);
+                            ^
+-- SELECT query for INSERT
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT SELECT (1, 1);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "SELECT"
+LINE 5:  INSERT SELECT (1, 1);
+                ^
+-- NOT MATCHED/UPDATE
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "UPDATE"
+LINE 5:  UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+         ^
+-- UPDATE tablename
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE target SET balance = 0;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "target"
+LINE 5:  UPDATE target SET balance = 0;
+                ^
+-- source and target names the same
+MERGE INTO target
+USING target
+ON tid = tid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN DO NOTHING;
+ERROR:  name "target" specified more than once
+DETAIL:  The name is used both as MERGE target table and data source.
+-- used in a CTE
+WITH foo AS (
+  MERGE INTO target USING source ON (true)
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  MERGE not supported in WITH query
+LINE 1: WITH foo AS (
+             ^
+-- used in COPY
+COPY (
+  MERGE INTO target USING source ON (true)
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
+) TO stdout;
+ERROR:  MERGE not supported in COPY
+-- unsupported relation types
+-- view
+CREATE VIEW tv AS SELECT * FROM target;
+MERGE INTO tv t
+USING source s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+ERROR:  cannot execute MERGE on relation "tv"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for views.
+DROP VIEW tv;
+-- materialized view
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS SELECT * FROM target;
+MERGE INTO mv t
+USING source s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+ERROR:  cannot execute MERGE on relation "mv"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for materialized views.
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW mv;
+-- permissions
+MERGE INTO target
+USING source2
+ON target.tid = source2.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table source2
+GRANT INSERT ON target TO regress_merge_no_privs;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_merge_no_privs;
+MERGE INTO target
+USING source2
+ON target.tid = source2.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table target
+GRANT UPDATE ON target2 TO regress_merge_privs;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_merge_privs;
+MERGE INTO target2
+USING source
+ON target2.tid = source.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table target2
+MERGE INTO target2
+USING source
+ON target2.tid = source.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table target2
+-- check if the target can be accessed from source relation subquery; we should
+-- not be able to do so
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT * FROM source WHERE t.tid > sid) s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "t"
+LINE 2: USING (SELECT * FROM source WHERE t.tid > sid) s
+                                          ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "t", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+--
+-- initial tests
+--
+-- zero rows in source has no effect
+MERGE INTO target
+USING source
+ON target.tid = source.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- insert some non-matching source rows to work from
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (4, 40);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY sid;
+ sid | delta 
+-----+-------
+   4 |    40
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	DO NOTHING;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+     |        
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- index plans
+INSERT INTO target SELECT generate_series(1000,2500), 0;
+ALTER TABLE target ADD PRIMARY KEY (tid);
+ANALYZE target;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Merge on target t
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (s.sid = t.tid)
+         ->  Seq Scan on source s
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on target t
+(6 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Merge on target t
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (s.sid = t.tid)
+         ->  Seq Scan on source s
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on target t
+(6 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (4, NULL);
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Merge on target t
+   ->  Hash Left Join
+         Hash Cond: (s.sid = t.tid)
+         ->  Seq Scan on source s
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on target t
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM target WHERE tid > 100;
+ANALYZE target;
+-- insert some matching source rows to work from
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (2, 5);
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (3, 20);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY sid;
+ sid | delta 
+-----+-------
+   2 |     5
+   3 |    20
+   4 |    40
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+-- equivalent of an UPDATE join
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |       0
+   3 |       0
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- equivalent of a DELETE join
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DO NOTHING;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (4, NULL);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+   4 |        
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- duplicate source row causes multiple target row update ERROR
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (2, 5);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY sid;
+ sid | delta 
+-----+-------
+   2 |     5
+   2 |     5
+   3 |    20
+   4 |    40
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+ERROR:  MERGE command cannot affect row a second time
+HINT:  Ensure that not more than one source row matches any one target row.
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+ERROR:  MERGE command cannot affect row a second time
+HINT:  Ensure that not more than one source row matches any one target row.
+ROLLBACK;
+-- remove duplicate MATCHED data from source data
+DELETE FROM source WHERE sid = 2;
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (2, 5);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY sid;
+ sid | delta 
+-----+-------
+   2 |     5
+   3 |    20
+   4 |    40
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+-- duplicate source row on INSERT should fail because of target_pkey
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (4, 40);
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+  INSERT VALUES (4, NULL);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "target_pkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (tid)=(4) already exists.
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+ROLLBACK;
+-- remove duplicate NOT MATCHED data from source data
+DELETE FROM source WHERE sid = 4;
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (4, 40);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY sid;
+ sid | delta 
+-----+-------
+   2 |     5
+   3 |    20
+   4 |    40
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+-- remove constraints
+alter table target drop CONSTRAINT target_pkey;
+alter table target alter column tid drop not null;
+-- multiple actions
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (4, 4)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |       0
+   3 |       0
+   4 |       4
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- should be equivalent
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (4, 4);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |       0
+   3 |       0
+   4 |       4
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- column references
+-- do a simple equivalent of an UPDATE join
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.delta;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      25
+   3 |      50
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- do a simple equivalent of an INSERT SELECT
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+   4 |      40
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- and again with duplicate source rows
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (5, 50);
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (5, 50);
+-- do a simple equivalent of an INSERT SELECT
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+  INSERT VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+   4 |      40
+   5 |      50
+   5 |      50
+(6 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- removing duplicate source rows
+DELETE FROM source WHERE sid = 5;
+-- and again with explicitly identified column list
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+   4 |      40
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- and again with a subtle error: referring to non-existent target row for NOT MATCHED
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (t.tid, s.delta);
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "t"
+LINE 5:  INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (t.tid, s.delta);
+                                       ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "t", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+-- and again with a constant ON clause
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON (SELECT true)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (t.tid, s.delta);
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "t"
+LINE 5:  INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (t.tid, s.delta);
+                                       ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "t", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+ROLLBACK;
+-- now the classic UPSERT
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.delta
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      25
+   3 |      50
+   4 |      40
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- unreachable WHEN clause should ERROR
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN /* Terminal WHEN clause for MATCHED */
+	DELETE
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance - s.delta;
+ERROR:  unreachable WHEN clause specified after unconditional WHEN clause
+ROLLBACK;
+-- conditional WHEN clause
+CREATE TABLE wq_target (tid integer not null, balance integer DEFAULT -1)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE wq_source (balance integer, sid integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+INSERT INTO wq_source (sid, balance) VALUES (1, 100);
+BEGIN;
+-- try a simple INSERT with default values first
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      -1
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- this time with a FALSE condition
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND FALSE THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- this time with an actual condition which returns false
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance <> 100 THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+-- and now with a condition which returns true
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance = 100 THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      -1
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- conditions in the NOT MATCHED clause can only refer to source columns
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND t.balance = 100 THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "t"
+LINE 3: WHEN NOT MATCHED AND t.balance = 100 THEN
+                             ^
+HINT:  There is an entry for table "t", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+ROLLBACK;
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance = 100 THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      -1
+(1 row)
+
+-- conditions in MATCHED clause can refer to both source and target
+SELECT * FROM wq_source;
+ balance | sid 
+---------+-----
+     100 |   1
+(1 row)
+
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.balance = 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      99
+(1 row)
+
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance = 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      99
+(1 row)
+
+-- check if AND works
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance = 99 AND s.balance > 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      99
+(1 row)
+
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance = 99 AND s.balance = 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |     199
+(1 row)
+
+-- check if OR works
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance = 99 OR s.balance > 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |     199
+(1 row)
+
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance = 199 OR s.balance > 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |     299
+(1 row)
+
+-- check source-side whole-row references
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON (t.tid = s.sid)
+WHEN matched and t = s or t.tid = s.sid THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |     399
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- check if subqueries work in the conditions?
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance > (SELECT max(balance) FROM target) THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+-- check if we can access system columns in the conditions
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.xmin = t.xmax THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+ERROR:  cannot use system column "xmin" in MERGE WHEN condition
+LINE 3: WHEN MATCHED AND t.xmin = t.xmax THEN
+                         ^
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.tableoid >= 0 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |     499
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE wq_target, wq_source;
+-- test triggers
+create or replace function merge_trigfunc () returns trigger
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+DECLARE
+	line text;
+BEGIN
+	SELECT INTO line format('%s %s %s trigger%s',
+		TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, CASE
+		WHEN TG_OP = 'INSERT' AND TG_LEVEL = 'ROW'
+			THEN format(' row: %s', NEW)
+		WHEN TG_OP = 'UPDATE' AND TG_LEVEL = 'ROW'
+			THEN format(' row: %s -> %s', OLD, NEW)
+		WHEN TG_OP = 'DELETE' AND TG_LEVEL = 'ROW'
+			THEN format(' row: %s', OLD)
+		END);
+
+	RAISE NOTICE '%', line;
+	IF (TG_WHEN = 'BEFORE' AND TG_LEVEL = 'ROW') THEN
+		IF (TG_OP = 'DELETE') THEN
+			RETURN OLD;
+		ELSE
+			RETURN NEW;
+		END IF;
+	ELSE
+		RETURN NULL;
+	END IF;
+END;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_bsi BEFORE INSERT ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_bsu BEFORE UPDATE ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_bsd BEFORE DELETE ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_asi AFTER INSERT ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_asu AFTER UPDATE ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_asd AFTER DELETE ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_bri BEFORE INSERT ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_bru BEFORE UPDATE ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_brd BEFORE DELETE ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_ari AFTER INSERT ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_aru AFTER UPDATE ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_ard AFTER DELETE ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+-- now the classic UPSERT, with a DELETE
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE target SET balance = 0 WHERE tid = 3;
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE ROW trigger row: (3,30) -> (3,0)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE ROW trigger row: (3,30) -> (3,0)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+--EXPLAIN (ANALYZE ON, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance > s.delta THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance - s.delta
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE DELETE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE DELETE ROW trigger row: (3,0)
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE ROW trigger row: (2,20) -> (2,15)
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT ROW trigger row: (4,40)
+NOTICE:  AFTER DELETE ROW trigger row: (3,0)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE ROW trigger row: (2,20) -> (2,15)
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT ROW trigger row: (4,40)
+NOTICE:  AFTER DELETE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      15
+   4 |      40
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Test behavior of triggers that turn UPDATE/DELETE into no-ops
+create or replace function skip_merge_op() returns trigger
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+BEGIN
+	RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$;
+SELECT * FROM target full outer join source on (sid = tid);
+ tid | balance | sid | delta 
+-----+---------+-----+-------
+   3 |      30 |   3 |    20
+   2 |      20 |   2 |     5
+     |         |   4 |    40
+   1 |      10 |     |      
+(4 rows)
+
+create trigger merge_skip BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE or DELETE
+  ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION skip_merge_op();
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+  result integer;
+BEGIN
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.sid = 3 THEN UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.delta
+WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (sid, delta);
+IF FOUND THEN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'Found';
+ELSE
+  RAISE NOTICE 'Not found';
+END IF;
+GET DIAGNOSTICS result := ROW_COUNT;
+RAISE NOTICE 'ROW_COUNT = %', result;
+END;
+$$;
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE DELETE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE ROW trigger row: (3,30) -> (3,50)
+NOTICE:  BEFORE DELETE ROW trigger row: (2,20)
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT ROW trigger row: (4,40)
+NOTICE:  AFTER DELETE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  Not found
+NOTICE:  ROW_COUNT = 0
+SELECT * FROM target FULL OUTER JOIN source ON (sid = tid);
+ tid | balance | sid | delta 
+-----+---------+-----+-------
+   3 |      30 |   3 |    20
+   2 |      20 |   2 |     5
+     |         |   4 |    40
+   1 |      10 |     |      
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TRIGGER merge_skip ON target;
+DROP FUNCTION skip_merge_op();
+-- test from PL/pgSQL
+-- make sure MERGE INTO isn't interpreted to mean returning variables like SELECT INTO
+BEGIN;
+DO LANGUAGE plpgsql $$
+BEGIN
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance > s.delta THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance - s.delta;
+END;
+$$;
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE ROW trigger row: (3,30) -> (3,10)
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE ROW trigger row: (2,20) -> (2,15)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE ROW trigger row: (3,30) -> (3,10)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE ROW trigger row: (2,20) -> (2,15)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+ROLLBACK;
+--source constants
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT 9 AS sid, 57 AS delta) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT ROW trigger row: (9,57)
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT ROW trigger row: (9,57)
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+   9 |      57
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+--source query
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT sid, delta FROM source WHERE delta > 0) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT ROW trigger row: (4,40)
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT ROW trigger row: (4,40)
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+   4 |      40
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT sid, delta as newname FROM source WHERE delta > 0) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.newname);
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT ROW trigger row: (4,40)
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT ROW trigger row: (4,40)
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+   4 |      40
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+--self-merge
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t1
+USING target t2
+ON t1.tid = t2.tid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t1.balance + t2.balance
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (t2.tid, t2.balance);
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE ROW trigger row: (1,10) -> (1,20)
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE ROW trigger row: (2,20) -> (2,40)
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE ROW trigger row: (3,30) -> (3,60)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE ROW trigger row: (1,10) -> (1,20)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE ROW trigger row: (2,20) -> (2,40)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE ROW trigger row: (3,30) -> (3,60)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      20
+   2 |      40
+   3 |      60
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT tid as sid, balance as delta FROM target WHERE balance > 0) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING
+(SELECT sid, max(delta) AS delta
+ FROM source
+ GROUP BY sid
+ HAVING count(*) = 1
+ ORDER BY sid ASC) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE INSERT ROW trigger row: (4,40)
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT ROW trigger row: (4,40)
+NOTICE:  AFTER INSERT STATEMENT trigger
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+   4 |      40
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- plpgsql parameters and results
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION merge_func (p_id integer, p_bal integer)
+RETURNS INTEGER
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE
+ result integer;
+BEGIN
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT p_id AS sid) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance - p_bal;
+IF FOUND THEN
+	GET DIAGNOSTICS result := ROW_COUNT;
+END IF;
+RETURN result;
+END;
+$$;
+SELECT merge_func(3, 4);
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE ROW trigger row: (3,30) -> (3,26)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE ROW trigger row: (3,30) -> (3,26)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+ merge_func 
+------------
+          1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      10
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      26
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- PREPARE
+BEGIN;
+prepare foom as merge into target t using (select 1 as sid) s on (t.tid = s.sid) when matched then update set balance = 1;
+execute foom;
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE ROW trigger row: (1,10) -> (1,1)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE ROW trigger row: (1,10) -> (1,1)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |       1
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+PREPARE foom2 (integer, integer) AS
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT 1) s
+ON t.tid = $1
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+UPDATE SET balance = $2;
+--EXPLAIN (ANALYZE ON, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+execute foom2 (1, 1);
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+NOTICE:  BEFORE UPDATE ROW trigger row: (1,10) -> (1,1)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE ROW trigger row: (1,10) -> (1,1)
+NOTICE:  AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT trigger
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |       1
+   2 |      20
+   3 |      30
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- subqueries in source relation
+CREATE TABLE sq_target (tid integer NOT NULL, balance integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE sq_source (delta integer, sid integer, balance integer DEFAULT 0)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+INSERT INTO sq_target(tid, balance) VALUES (1,100), (2,200), (3,300);
+INSERT INTO sq_source(sid, delta) VALUES (1,10), (2,20), (4,40);
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING (SELECT * FROM sq_source) s
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance > delta THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + delta;
+SELECT * FROM sq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   3 |     300
+   1 |     110
+   2 |     220
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- try a view
+CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT * FROM sq_source WHERE sid < 2;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = v.balance + delta;
+SELECT * FROM sq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   2 |     200
+   3 |     300
+   1 |      10
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- ambiguous reference to a column
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid > 2 THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (balance, tid) VALUES (balance + delta, sid)
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid < 2 THEN
+	DELETE;
+ERROR:  column reference "balance" is ambiguous
+LINE 5:     UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta
+                                 ^
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO sq_source (sid, balance, delta) VALUES (-1, -1, -10);
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid > 2 THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + delta
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (balance, tid) VALUES (balance + delta, sid)
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid < 2 THEN
+	DELETE;
+SELECT * FROM sq_target;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   2 |     200
+   3 |     300
+  -1 |     -11
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- CTEs
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO sq_source (sid, balance, delta) VALUES (-1, -1, -10);
+WITH targq AS (
+	SELECT * FROM v
+)
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid > 2 THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + delta
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (balance, tid) VALUES (balance + delta, sid)
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid < 2 THEN
+	DELETE;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- RETURNING
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO sq_source (sid, balance, delta) VALUES (-1, -1, -10);
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid > 2 THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + delta
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (balance, tid) VALUES (balance + delta, sid)
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid < 2 THEN
+	DELETE
+RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "RETURNING"
+LINE 10: RETURNING *;
+         ^
+ROLLBACK;
+-- EXPLAIN
+CREATE TABLE ex_mtarget (a int, b int)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE ex_msource (a int, b int)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+INSERT INTO ex_mtarget SELECT i, i*10 FROM generate_series(1,100,2) i;
+INSERT INTO ex_msource SELECT i, i*10 FROM generate_series(1,100,1) i;
+CREATE FUNCTION explain_merge(query text) RETURNS SETOF text
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
+$$
+DECLARE ln text;
+BEGIN
+    FOR ln IN
+        EXECUTE 'explain (analyze, timing off, summary off, costs off) ' ||
+		  query
+    LOOP
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, '(Memory( Usage)?|Buckets|Batches): \S*',  '\1: xxx', 'g');
+        RETURN NEXT ln;
+    END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+-- only updates
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = t.b + 1');
+                            explain_merge                             
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Tuples: updated=50
+   ->  Merge Join (actual rows=50 loops=1)
+         Merge Cond: (t.a = s.a)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=50 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=50 loops=1)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: s.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_msource s (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+(12 rows)
+
+-- only updates to selected tuples
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 10 THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = t.b + 1');
+                            explain_merge                             
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Tuples: updated=5 skipped=45
+   ->  Merge Join (actual rows=50 loops=1)
+         Merge Cond: (t.a = s.a)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=50 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=50 loops=1)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: s.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_msource s (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+(12 rows)
+
+-- updates + deletes
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 10 THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = t.b + 1
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a >= 10 AND t.a <= 20 THEN
+	DELETE');
+                            explain_merge                             
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Tuples: updated=5 deleted=5 skipped=40
+   ->  Merge Join (actual rows=50 loops=1)
+         Merge Cond: (t.a = s.a)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=50 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=50 loops=1)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: s.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_msource s (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+(12 rows)
+
+-- only inserts
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.a < 10 THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b)');
+                            explain_merge                             
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Tuples: inserted=4 skipped=96
+   ->  Merge Left Join (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+         Merge Cond: (s.a = t.a)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: s.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_msource s (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=45 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=45 loops=1)
+(12 rows)
+
+-- all three
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 10 THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = t.b + 1
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a >= 30 AND t.a <= 40 THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.a < 20 THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b)');
+                            explain_merge                             
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Tuples: inserted=10 updated=9 deleted=5 skipped=76
+   ->  Merge Left Join (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+         Merge Cond: (s.a = t.a)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: s.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_msource s (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=49 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=49 loops=1)
+(12 rows)
+
+-- nothing
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a AND t.a < -1000
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 10 THEN
+	DO NOTHING');
+                           explain_merge                            
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   ->  Merge Join (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Merge Cond: (t.a = s.a)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: t.a
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_mtarget t (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+                     Filter: (a < '-1000'::integer)
+                     Rows Removed by Filter: 54
+         ->  Sort (never executed)
+               Sort Key: s.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on ex_msource s (never executed)
+(12 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE ex_msource, ex_mtarget;
+DROP FUNCTION explain_merge(text);
+-- Subqueries
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = (SELECT count(*) FROM sq_target);
+SELECT * FROM sq_target WHERE tid = 1;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |       3
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND (SELECT count(*) > 0 FROM sq_target) THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = 42;
+SELECT * FROM sq_target WHERE tid = 1;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      42
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid AND (SELECT count(*) > 0 FROM sq_target)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = 42;
+SELECT * FROM sq_target WHERE tid = 1;
+ tid | balance 
+-----+---------
+   1 |      42
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TABLE sq_target, sq_source CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view v
+CREATE TABLE pa_target (tid integer, balance float, val text)
+	PARTITION BY LIST (tid);
+CREATE TABLE part1 PARTITION OF pa_target FOR VALUES IN (1,4)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part2 PARTITION OF pa_target FOR VALUES IN (2,5,6)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part3 PARTITION OF pa_target FOR VALUES IN (3,8,9)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part4 PARTITION OF pa_target DEFAULT
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE pa_source (sid integer, delta float);
+-- insert many rows to the source table
+INSERT INTO pa_source SELECT id, id * 10  FROM generate_series(1,14) AS id;
+-- insert a few rows in the target table (odd numbered tid)
+INSERT INTO pa_target SELECT id, id * 100, 'initial' FROM generate_series(1,14,2) AS id;
+-- try simple MERGE
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance |           val            
+-----+---------+--------------------------
+   1 |     110 | initial updated by merge
+   2 |      20 | inserted by merge
+   3 |     330 | initial updated by merge
+   4 |      40 | inserted by merge
+   5 |     550 | initial updated by merge
+   6 |      60 | inserted by merge
+   7 |     770 | initial updated by merge
+   8 |      80 | inserted by merge
+   9 |     990 | initial updated by merge
+  10 |     100 | inserted by merge
+  11 |    1210 | initial updated by merge
+  12 |     120 | inserted by merge
+  13 |    1430 | initial updated by merge
+  14 |     140 | inserted by merge
+(14 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- same with a constant qual
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid AND tid = 1
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance |           val            
+-----+---------+--------------------------
+   1 |     110 | initial updated by merge
+   2 |      20 | inserted by merge
+   3 |      30 | inserted by merge
+   3 |     300 | initial
+   4 |      40 | inserted by merge
+   5 |     500 | initial
+   5 |      50 | inserted by merge
+   6 |      60 | inserted by merge
+   7 |     700 | initial
+   7 |      70 | inserted by merge
+   8 |      80 | inserted by merge
+   9 |      90 | inserted by merge
+   9 |     900 | initial
+  10 |     100 | inserted by merge
+  11 |    1100 | initial
+  11 |     110 | inserted by merge
+  12 |     120 | inserted by merge
+  13 |    1300 | initial
+  13 |     130 | inserted by merge
+  14 |     140 | inserted by merge
+(20 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- try updating the partition key column
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION merge_func() RETURNS integer LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+DECLARE
+  result integer;
+BEGIN
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET tid = tid + 1, balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+IF FOUND THEN
+  GET DIAGNOSTICS result := ROW_COUNT;
+END IF;
+RETURN result;
+END;
+$$;
+SELECT merge_func();
+ merge_func 
+------------
+         14
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance |           val            
+-----+---------+--------------------------
+   2 |     110 | initial updated by merge
+   2 |      20 | inserted by merge
+   4 |      40 | inserted by merge
+   4 |     330 | initial updated by merge
+   6 |     550 | initial updated by merge
+   6 |      60 | inserted by merge
+   8 |      80 | inserted by merge
+   8 |     770 | initial updated by merge
+  10 |     990 | initial updated by merge
+  10 |     100 | inserted by merge
+  12 |    1210 | initial updated by merge
+  12 |     120 | inserted by merge
+  14 |    1430 | initial updated by merge
+  14 |     140 | inserted by merge
+(14 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TABLE pa_target CASCADE;
+-- The target table is partitioned in the same way, but this time by attaching
+-- partitions which have columns in different order, dropped columns etc.
+CREATE TABLE pa_target (tid integer, balance float, val text)
+	PARTITION BY LIST (tid);
+CREATE TABLE part1 (tid integer, balance float, val text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part2 (balance float, tid integer, val text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part3 (tid integer, balance float, val text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part4 (extraid text, tid integer, balance float, val text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+ALTER TABLE part4 DROP COLUMN extraid;
+ALTER TABLE pa_target ATTACH PARTITION part1 FOR VALUES IN (1,4);
+ALTER TABLE pa_target ATTACH PARTITION part2 FOR VALUES IN (2,5,6);
+ALTER TABLE pa_target ATTACH PARTITION part3 FOR VALUES IN (3,8,9);
+ALTER TABLE pa_target ATTACH PARTITION part4 DEFAULT;
+-- insert a few rows in the target table (odd numbered tid)
+INSERT INTO pa_target SELECT id, id * 100, 'initial' FROM generate_series(1,14,2) AS id;
+-- try simple MERGE
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance |           val            
+-----+---------+--------------------------
+   1 |     110 | initial updated by merge
+   2 |      20 | inserted by merge
+   3 |     330 | initial updated by merge
+   4 |      40 | inserted by merge
+   5 |     550 | initial updated by merge
+   6 |      60 | inserted by merge
+   7 |     770 | initial updated by merge
+   8 |      80 | inserted by merge
+   9 |     990 | initial updated by merge
+  10 |     100 | inserted by merge
+  11 |    1210 | initial updated by merge
+  12 |     120 | inserted by merge
+  13 |    1430 | initial updated by merge
+  14 |     140 | inserted by merge
+(14 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- same with a constant qual
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid AND tid IN (1, 5)
+  WHEN MATCHED AND tid % 5 = 0 THEN DELETE
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance |           val            
+-----+---------+--------------------------
+   1 |     110 | initial updated by merge
+   2 |      20 | inserted by merge
+   3 |      30 | inserted by merge
+   3 |     300 | initial
+   4 |      40 | inserted by merge
+   6 |      60 | inserted by merge
+   7 |     700 | initial
+   7 |      70 | inserted by merge
+   8 |      80 | inserted by merge
+   9 |     900 | initial
+   9 |      90 | inserted by merge
+  10 |     100 | inserted by merge
+  11 |     110 | inserted by merge
+  11 |    1100 | initial
+  12 |     120 | inserted by merge
+  13 |    1300 | initial
+  13 |     130 | inserted by merge
+  14 |     140 | inserted by merge
+(18 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- try updating the partition key column
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET tid = tid + 1, balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ tid | balance |           val            
+-----+---------+--------------------------
+   2 |     110 | initial updated by merge
+   2 |      20 | inserted by merge
+   4 |      40 | inserted by merge
+   4 |     330 | initial updated by merge
+   6 |     550 | initial updated by merge
+   6 |      60 | inserted by merge
+   8 |      80 | inserted by merge
+   8 |     770 | initial updated by merge
+  10 |     990 | initial updated by merge
+  10 |     100 | inserted by merge
+  12 |    1210 | initial updated by merge
+  12 |     120 | inserted by merge
+  14 |    1430 | initial updated by merge
+  14 |     140 | inserted by merge
+(14 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- test RLS enforcement
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE pa_target ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE pa_target FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY pa_target_pol ON pa_target USING (tid != 0);
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid AND t.tid IN (1,2,3,4)
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET tid = tid - 1;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "pa_target"
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TABLE pa_source;
+DROP TABLE pa_target CASCADE;
+-- Sub-partitioning
+CREATE TABLE pa_target (logts timestamp, tid integer, balance float, val text)
+	PARTITION BY RANGE (logts);
+CREATE TABLE part_m01 PARTITION OF pa_target
+	FOR VALUES FROM ('2017-01-01') TO ('2017-02-01')
+	PARTITION BY LIST (tid);
+CREATE TABLE part_m01_odd PARTITION OF part_m01
+	FOR VALUES IN (1,3,5,7,9) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part_m01_even PARTITION OF part_m01
+	FOR VALUES IN (2,4,6,8) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part_m02 PARTITION OF pa_target
+	FOR VALUES FROM ('2017-02-01') TO ('2017-03-01')
+	PARTITION BY LIST (tid);
+CREATE TABLE part_m02_odd PARTITION OF part_m02
+	FOR VALUES IN (1,3,5,7,9) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part_m02_even PARTITION OF part_m02
+	FOR VALUES IN (2,4,6,8) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE pa_source (sid integer, delta float)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+-- insert many rows to the source table
+INSERT INTO pa_source SELECT id, id * 10  FROM generate_series(1,14) AS id;
+-- insert a few rows in the target table (odd numbered tid)
+INSERT INTO pa_target SELECT '2017-01-31', id, id * 100, 'initial' FROM generate_series(1,9,3) AS id;
+INSERT INTO pa_target SELECT '2017-02-28', id, id * 100, 'initial' FROM generate_series(2,9,3) AS id;
+-- try simple MERGE
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING (SELECT '2017-01-15' AS slogts, * FROM pa_source WHERE sid < 10) s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (slogts::timestamp, sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+          logts           | tid | balance |           val            
+--------------------------+-----+---------+--------------------------
+ Tue Jan 31 00:00:00 2017 |   1 |     110 | initial updated by merge
+ Tue Feb 28 00:00:00 2017 |   2 |     220 | initial updated by merge
+ Sun Jan 15 00:00:00 2017 |   3 |      30 | inserted by merge
+ Tue Jan 31 00:00:00 2017 |   4 |     440 | initial updated by merge
+ Tue Feb 28 00:00:00 2017 |   5 |     550 | initial updated by merge
+ Sun Jan 15 00:00:00 2017 |   6 |      60 | inserted by merge
+ Tue Jan 31 00:00:00 2017 |   7 |     770 | initial updated by merge
+ Tue Feb 28 00:00:00 2017 |   8 |     880 | initial updated by merge
+ Sun Jan 15 00:00:00 2017 |   9 |      90 | inserted by merge
+(9 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TABLE pa_source;
+DROP TABLE pa_target CASCADE;
+-- Partitioned table with primary key
+CREATE TABLE pa_target (tid integer PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (tid);
+CREATE TABLE pa_targetp PARTITION OF pa_target DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE pa_source (sid integer);
+INSERT INTO pa_source VALUES (1), (2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO pa_target t USING pa_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.sid);
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge on public.pa_target t
+   Merge on public.pa_targetp t_1
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Output: s.sid, s.ctid, t_1.tableoid, t_1.ctid
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.pa_source s
+               Output: s.sid, s.ctid
+         ->  Index Scan using pa_targetp_pkey on public.pa_targetp t_1
+               Output: t_1.tid, t_1.tableoid, t_1.ctid
+               Index Cond: (t_1.tid = s.sid)
+(9 rows)
+
+MERGE INTO pa_target t USING pa_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.sid);
+TABLE pa_target;
+ tid 
+-----
+   1
+   2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Partition-less partitioned table
+-- (the bug we are checking for appeared only if table had partitions before)
+DROP TABLE pa_targetp;
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO pa_target t USING pa_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.sid);
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Merge on public.pa_target t
+   ->  Hash Left Join
+         Output: s.sid, s.ctid, t.ctid
+         Hash Cond: (s.sid = t.tid)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.pa_source s
+               Output: s.sid, s.ctid
+         ->  Hash
+               Output: t.tid, t.ctid
+               ->  Result
+                     Output: t.tid, t.ctid
+                     One-Time Filter: false
+(11 rows)
+
+MERGE INTO pa_target t USING pa_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.sid);
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "pa_target" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (tid) = (1).
+DROP TABLE pa_source;
+DROP TABLE pa_target CASCADE;
+-- some complex joins on the source side
+CREATE TABLE cj_target (tid integer, balance float, val text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE cj_source1 (sid1 integer, scat integer, delta integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE cj_source2 (sid2 integer, sval text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+INSERT INTO cj_source1 VALUES (1, 10, 100);
+INSERT INTO cj_source1 VALUES (1, 20, 200);
+INSERT INTO cj_source1 VALUES (2, 20, 300);
+INSERT INTO cj_source1 VALUES (3, 10, 400);
+INSERT INTO cj_source2 VALUES (1, 'initial source2');
+INSERT INTO cj_source2 VALUES (2, 'initial source2');
+INSERT INTO cj_source2 VALUES (3, 'initial source2');
+-- source relation is an unaliased join
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING cj_source1 s1
+	INNER JOIN cj_source2 s2 ON sid1 = sid2
+ON t.tid = sid1
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (sid1, delta, sval);
+-- try accessing columns from either side of the source join
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING cj_source2 s2
+	INNER JOIN cj_source1 s1 ON sid1 = sid2 AND scat = 20
+ON t.tid = sid1
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (sid2, delta, sval)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+-- some simple expressions in INSERT targetlist
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING cj_source2 s2
+	INNER JOIN cj_source1 s1 ON sid1 = sid2
+ON t.tid = sid1
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (sid2, delta + scat, sval)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET val = val || ' updated by merge';
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING cj_source2 s2
+	INNER JOIN cj_source1 s1 ON sid1 = sid2 AND scat = 20
+ON t.tid = sid1
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET val = val || ' ' || delta::text;
+SELECT * FROM cj_target;
+ tid | balance |               val                
+-----+---------+----------------------------------
+   3 |     400 | initial source2 updated by merge
+   1 |     220 | initial source2 200
+   1 |     110 | initial source2 200
+   2 |     320 | initial source2 300
+(4 rows)
+
+-- try it with an outer join and PlaceHolderVar
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING (SELECT *, 'join input'::text AS phv FROM cj_source1) fj
+	FULL JOIN cj_source2 fj2 ON fj.scat = fj2.sid2 * 10
+ON t.tid = fj.scat
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance, val) VALUES (fj.scat, fj.delta, fj.phv);
+SELECT * FROM cj_target;
+ tid | balance |               val                
+-----+---------+----------------------------------
+   3 |     400 | initial source2 updated by merge
+   1 |     220 | initial source2 200
+   1 |     110 | initial source2 200
+   2 |     320 | initial source2 300
+  10 |     100 | join input
+  10 |     400 | join input
+  20 |     200 | join input
+  20 |     300 | join input
+     |         | 
+(9 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE cj_source1 RENAME COLUMN sid1 TO sid;
+ALTER TABLE cj_source2 RENAME COLUMN sid2 TO sid;
+TRUNCATE cj_target;
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING cj_source1 s1
+	INNER JOIN cj_source2 s2 ON s1.sid = s2.sid
+ON t.tid = s1.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s2.sid, delta, sval);
+DROP TABLE cj_source2, cj_source1, cj_target;
+-- Function scans
+CREATE TABLE fs_target (a int, b int, c text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+MERGE INTO fs_target t
+USING generate_series(1,100,1) AS id
+ON t.a = id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = b + id
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (id, -1);
+MERGE INTO fs_target t
+USING generate_series(1,100,2) AS id
+ON t.a = id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = b + id, c = 'updated '|| id.*::text
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (id, -1, 'inserted ' || id.*::text);
+SELECT count(*) FROM fs_target;
+ count 
+-------
+   100
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE fs_target;
+-- SERIALIZABLE test
+-- handled in isolation tests
+-- Inheritance-based partitioning
+CREATE TABLE measurement (
+    city_id         int not null,
+    logdate         date not null,
+    peaktemp        int,
+    unitsales       int
+) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE measurement_y2006m02 (
+    CHECK ( logdate >= DATE '2006-02-01' AND logdate < DATE '2006-03-01' )
+) INHERITS (measurement) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE measurement_y2006m03 (
+    CHECK ( logdate >= DATE '2006-03-01' AND logdate < DATE '2006-04-01' )
+) INHERITS (measurement) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE measurement_y2007m01 (
+    filler          text,
+    peaktemp        int,
+    logdate         date not null,
+    city_id         int not null,
+    unitsales       int
+    CHECK ( logdate >= DATE '2007-01-01' AND logdate < DATE '2007-02-01')
+) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+ALTER TABLE measurement_y2007m01 DROP COLUMN filler;
+ALTER TABLE measurement_y2007m01 INHERIT measurement;
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (0, '2005-07-21', 5, 15);
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION measurement_insert_trigger()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+    IF ( NEW.logdate >= DATE '2006-02-01' AND
+         NEW.logdate < DATE '2006-03-01' ) THEN
+        INSERT INTO measurement_y2006m02 VALUES (NEW.*);
+    ELSIF ( NEW.logdate >= DATE '2006-03-01' AND
+            NEW.logdate < DATE '2006-04-01' ) THEN
+        INSERT INTO measurement_y2006m03 VALUES (NEW.*);
+    ELSIF ( NEW.logdate >= DATE '2007-01-01' AND
+            NEW.logdate < DATE '2007-02-01' ) THEN
+        INSERT INTO measurement_y2007m01 (city_id, logdate, peaktemp, unitsales)
+            VALUES (NEW.*);
+    ELSE
+        RAISE EXCEPTION 'Date out of range.  Fix the measurement_insert_trigger() function!';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql ;
+CREATE TRIGGER insert_measurement_trigger
+    BEFORE INSERT ON measurement
+    FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE measurement_insert_trigger();
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2006-02-10', 35, 10);
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2006-02-16', 45, 20);
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2006-03-17', 25, 10);
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2006-03-27', 15, 40);
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2007-01-15', 10, 10);
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2007-01-17', 10, 10);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM measurement ORDER BY city_id, logdate;
+       tableoid       | city_id |  logdate   | peaktemp | unitsales 
+----------------------+---------+------------+----------+-----------
+ measurement          |       0 | 07-21-2005 |        5 |        15
+ measurement_y2006m02 |       1 | 02-10-2006 |       35 |        10
+ measurement_y2006m02 |       1 | 02-16-2006 |       45 |        20
+ measurement_y2006m03 |       1 | 03-17-2006 |       25 |        10
+ measurement_y2006m03 |       1 | 03-27-2006 |       15 |        40
+ measurement_y2007m01 |       1 | 01-15-2007 |       10 |        10
+ measurement_y2007m01 |       1 | 01-17-2007 |       10 |        10
+(7 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE new_measurement (LIKE measurement) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (0, '2005-07-21', 25, 20);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2006-03-01', 20, 10);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2006-02-16', 50, 10);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (2, '2006-02-10', 20, 20);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2006-03-27', NULL, NULL);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2007-01-17', NULL, NULL);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2007-01-15', 5, NULL);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2007-01-16', 10, 10);
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO ONLY measurement m
+ USING new_measurement nm ON
+      (m.city_id = nm.city_id and m.logdate=nm.logdate)
+WHEN MATCHED AND nm.peaktemp IS NULL THEN DELETE
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE
+     SET peaktemp = greatest(m.peaktemp, nm.peaktemp),
+        unitsales = m.unitsales + coalesce(nm.unitsales, 0)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT
+     (city_id, logdate, peaktemp, unitsales)
+   VALUES (city_id, logdate, peaktemp, unitsales);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM measurement ORDER BY city_id, logdate, peaktemp;
+       tableoid       | city_id |  logdate   | peaktemp | unitsales 
+----------------------+---------+------------+----------+-----------
+ measurement          |       0 | 07-21-2005 |       25 |        35
+ measurement_y2006m02 |       1 | 02-10-2006 |       35 |        10
+ measurement_y2006m02 |       1 | 02-16-2006 |       45 |        20
+ measurement_y2006m02 |       1 | 02-16-2006 |       50 |        10
+ measurement_y2006m03 |       1 | 03-01-2006 |       20 |        10
+ measurement_y2006m03 |       1 | 03-17-2006 |       25 |        10
+ measurement_y2006m03 |       1 | 03-27-2006 |       15 |        40
+ measurement_y2006m03 |       1 | 03-27-2006 |          |          
+ measurement_y2007m01 |       1 | 01-15-2007 |        5 |          
+ measurement_y2007m01 |       1 | 01-15-2007 |       10 |        10
+ measurement_y2007m01 |       1 | 01-16-2007 |       10 |        10
+ measurement_y2007m01 |       1 | 01-17-2007 |       10 |        10
+ measurement_y2007m01 |       1 | 01-17-2007 |          |          
+ measurement_y2006m02 |       2 | 02-10-2006 |       20 |        20
+(14 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+MERGE into measurement m
+ USING new_measurement nm ON
+      (m.city_id = nm.city_id and m.logdate=nm.logdate)
+WHEN MATCHED AND nm.peaktemp IS NULL THEN DELETE
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE
+     SET peaktemp = greatest(m.peaktemp, nm.peaktemp),
+        unitsales = m.unitsales + coalesce(nm.unitsales, 0)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT
+     (city_id, logdate, peaktemp, unitsales)
+   VALUES (city_id, logdate, peaktemp, unitsales);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM measurement ORDER BY city_id, logdate;
+       tableoid       | city_id |  logdate   | peaktemp | unitsales 
+----------------------+---------+------------+----------+-----------
+ measurement          |       0 | 07-21-2005 |       25 |        35
+ measurement_y2006m02 |       1 | 02-10-2006 |       35 |        10
+ measurement_y2006m02 |       1 | 02-16-2006 |       50 |        30
+ measurement_y2006m03 |       1 | 03-01-2006 |       20 |        10
+ measurement_y2006m03 |       1 | 03-17-2006 |       25 |        10
+ measurement_y2007m01 |       1 | 01-15-2007 |       10 |        10
+ measurement_y2007m01 |       1 | 01-16-2007 |       10 |        10
+ measurement_y2006m02 |       2 | 02-10-2006 |       20 |        20
+(8 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO new_measurement nm
+ USING ONLY measurement m ON
+      (nm.city_id = m.city_id and nm.logdate=m.logdate)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
+SELECT * FROM new_measurement ORDER BY city_id, logdate;
+ city_id |  logdate   | peaktemp | unitsales 
+---------+------------+----------+-----------
+       1 | 02-16-2006 |       50 |        10
+       1 | 03-01-2006 |       20 |        10
+       1 | 03-27-2006 |          |          
+       1 | 01-15-2007 |        5 |          
+       1 | 01-16-2007 |       10 |        10
+       1 | 01-17-2007 |          |          
+       2 | 02-10-2006 |       20 |        20
+(7 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+MERGE INTO new_measurement nm
+ USING measurement m ON
+      (nm.city_id = m.city_id and nm.logdate=m.logdate)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
+SELECT * FROM new_measurement ORDER BY city_id, logdate;
+ city_id |  logdate   | peaktemp | unitsales 
+---------+------------+----------+-----------
+       1 | 03-27-2006 |          |          
+       1 | 01-17-2007 |          |          
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE measurement, new_measurement CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table measurement_y2006m02
+drop cascades to table measurement_y2006m03
+drop cascades to table measurement_y2007m01
+DROP FUNCTION measurement_insert_trigger();
+-- prepare
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE target, target2;
+DROP TABLE source, source2;
+DROP FUNCTION merge_trigfunc();
+DROP USER regress_merge_privs;
+DROP USER regress_merge_no_privs;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/misc.out b/src/test/regress/expected/misc.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e816c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/misc.out
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+--
+-- MISC
+--
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+\getenv abs_builddir PG_ABS_BUILDDIR
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+CREATE FUNCTION overpaid(emp)
+   RETURNS bool
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+CREATE FUNCTION reverse_name(name)
+   RETURNS name
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+--
+-- BTREE
+--
+UPDATE onek
+   SET unique1 = onek.unique1 + 1;
+UPDATE onek
+   SET unique1 = onek.unique1 - 1;
+--
+-- BTREE partial
+--
+-- UPDATE onek2
+--   SET unique1 = onek2.unique1 + 1;
+--UPDATE onek2
+--   SET unique1 = onek2.unique1 - 1;
+--
+-- BTREE shutting out non-functional updates
+--
+-- the following two tests seem to take a long time on some
+-- systems.    This non-func update stuff needs to be examined
+-- more closely.  			- jolly (2/22/96)
+--
+SELECT two, stringu1, ten, string4
+   INTO TABLE tmp
+   FROM onek;
+UPDATE tmp
+   SET stringu1 = reverse_name(onek.stringu1)
+   FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.stringu1 = 'JBAAAA' and
+	  onek.stringu1 = tmp.stringu1;
+UPDATE tmp
+   SET stringu1 = reverse_name(onek2.stringu1)
+   FROM onek2
+   WHERE onek2.stringu1 = 'JCAAAA' and
+	  onek2.stringu1 = tmp.stringu1;
+DROP TABLE tmp;
+--UPDATE person*
+--   SET age = age + 1;
+--UPDATE person*
+--   SET age = age + 3
+--   WHERE name = 'linda';
+--
+-- copy
+--
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/onek.data'
+COPY onek TO :'filename';
+CREATE TEMP TABLE onek_copy (LIKE onek);
+COPY onek_copy FROM :'filename';
+SELECT * FROM onek EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM onek_copy;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM onek_copy EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM onek;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/stud_emp.data'
+COPY BINARY stud_emp TO :'filename';
+CREATE TEMP TABLE stud_emp_copy (LIKE stud_emp);
+COPY BINARY stud_emp_copy FROM :'filename';
+SELECT * FROM stud_emp_copy;
+ name  | age |  location  | salary | manager | gpa | percent 
+-------+-----+------------+--------+---------+-----+---------
+ jeff  |  23 | (8,7.7)    |    600 | sharon  | 3.5 |        
+ cim   |  30 | (10.5,4.7) |    400 |         | 3.4 |        
+ linda |  19 | (0.9,6.1)  |    100 |         | 2.9 |        
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- test data for postquel functions
+--
+CREATE TABLE hobbies_r (
+	name		text,
+	person 		text
+);
+CREATE TABLE equipment_r (
+	name 		text,
+	hobby		text
+);
+INSERT INTO hobbies_r (name, person)
+   SELECT 'posthacking', p.name
+   FROM person* p
+   WHERE p.name = 'mike' or p.name = 'jeff';
+INSERT INTO hobbies_r (name, person)
+   SELECT 'basketball', p.name
+   FROM person p
+   WHERE p.name = 'joe' or p.name = 'sally';
+INSERT INTO hobbies_r (name) VALUES ('skywalking');
+INSERT INTO equipment_r (name, hobby) VALUES ('advil', 'posthacking');
+INSERT INTO equipment_r (name, hobby) VALUES ('peet''s coffee', 'posthacking');
+INSERT INTO equipment_r (name, hobby) VALUES ('hightops', 'basketball');
+INSERT INTO equipment_r (name, hobby) VALUES ('guts', 'skywalking');
+--
+-- postquel functions
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION hobbies(person)
+   RETURNS setof hobbies_r
+   AS 'select * from hobbies_r where person = $1.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE FUNCTION hobby_construct(text, text)
+   RETURNS hobbies_r
+   AS 'select $1 as name, $2 as hobby'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE FUNCTION hobby_construct_named(name text, hobby text)
+   RETURNS hobbies_r
+   AS 'select name, hobby'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE FUNCTION hobbies_by_name(hobbies_r.name%TYPE)
+   RETURNS hobbies_r.person%TYPE
+   AS 'select person from hobbies_r where name = $1'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+NOTICE:  type reference hobbies_r.name%TYPE converted to text
+NOTICE:  type reference hobbies_r.person%TYPE converted to text
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment(hobbies_r)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where hobby = $1.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named(hobby hobbies_r)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where equipment_r.hobby = equipment_named.hobby.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named_ambiguous_1a(hobby hobbies_r)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where hobby = equipment_named_ambiguous_1a.hobby.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named_ambiguous_1b(hobby hobbies_r)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where equipment_r.hobby = hobby.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named_ambiguous_1c(hobby hobbies_r)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where hobby = hobby.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named_ambiguous_2a(hobby text)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where hobby = equipment_named_ambiguous_2a.hobby'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named_ambiguous_2b(hobby text)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where equipment_r.hobby = hobby'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+--
+-- mike does post_hacking,
+-- joe and sally play basketball, and
+-- everyone else does nothing.
+--
+SELECT p.name, name(p.hobbies) FROM ONLY person p;
+ name  |    name     
+-------+-------------
+ mike  | posthacking
+ joe   | basketball
+ sally | basketball
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- as above, but jeff also does post_hacking.
+--
+SELECT p.name, name(p.hobbies) FROM person* p;
+ name  |    name     
+-------+-------------
+ mike  | posthacking
+ joe   | basketball
+ sally | basketball
+ jeff  | posthacking
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- the next two queries demonstrate how functions generate bogus duplicates.
+-- this is a "feature" ..
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT hobbies_r.name, name(hobbies_r.equipment) FROM hobbies_r
+  ORDER BY 1,2;
+    name     |     name      
+-------------+---------------
+ basketball  | hightops
+ posthacking | advil
+ posthacking | peet's coffee
+ skywalking  | guts
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT hobbies_r.name, (hobbies_r.equipment).name FROM hobbies_r;
+    name     |     name      
+-------------+---------------
+ posthacking | advil
+ posthacking | peet's coffee
+ posthacking | advil
+ posthacking | peet's coffee
+ basketball  | hightops
+ basketball  | hightops
+ skywalking  | guts
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- mike needs advil and peet's coffee,
+-- joe and sally need hightops, and
+-- everyone else is fine.
+--
+SELECT p.name, name(p.hobbies), name(equipment(p.hobbies)) FROM ONLY person p;
+ name  |    name     |     name      
+-------+-------------+---------------
+ mike  | posthacking | advil
+ mike  | posthacking | peet's coffee
+ joe   | basketball  | hightops
+ sally | basketball  | hightops
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- as above, but jeff needs advil and peet's coffee as well.
+--
+SELECT p.name, name(p.hobbies), name(equipment(p.hobbies)) FROM person* p;
+ name  |    name     |     name      
+-------+-------------+---------------
+ mike  | posthacking | advil
+ mike  | posthacking | peet's coffee
+ joe   | basketball  | hightops
+ sally | basketball  | hightops
+ jeff  | posthacking | advil
+ jeff  | posthacking | peet's coffee
+(6 rows)
+
+--
+-- just like the last two, but make sure that the target list fixup and
+-- unflattening is being done correctly.
+--
+SELECT name(equipment(p.hobbies)), p.name, name(p.hobbies) FROM ONLY person p;
+     name      | name  |    name     
+---------------+-------+-------------
+ advil         | mike  | posthacking
+ peet's coffee | mike  | posthacking
+ hightops      | joe   | basketball
+ hightops      | sally | basketball
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT (p.hobbies).equipment.name, p.name, name(p.hobbies) FROM person* p;
+     name      | name  |    name     
+---------------+-------+-------------
+ advil         | mike  | posthacking
+ peet's coffee | mike  | posthacking
+ hightops      | joe   | basketball
+ hightops      | sally | basketball
+ advil         | jeff  | posthacking
+ peet's coffee | jeff  | posthacking
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT (p.hobbies).equipment.name, name(p.hobbies), p.name FROM ONLY person p;
+     name      |    name     | name  
+---------------+-------------+-------
+ advil         | posthacking | mike
+ peet's coffee | posthacking | mike
+ hightops      | basketball  | joe
+ hightops      | basketball  | sally
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT name(equipment(p.hobbies)), name(p.hobbies), p.name FROM person* p;
+     name      |    name     | name  
+---------------+-------------+-------
+ advil         | posthacking | mike
+ peet's coffee | posthacking | mike
+ hightops      | basketball  | joe
+ hightops      | basketball  | sally
+ advil         | posthacking | jeff
+ peet's coffee | posthacking | jeff
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT name(equipment(hobby_construct(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+ name 
+------
+ guts
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name(equipment(hobby_construct_named(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+ name 
+------
+ guts
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named(hobby_construct_named(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+ name 
+------
+ guts
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named_ambiguous_1a(hobby_construct_named(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+ name 
+------
+ guts
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named_ambiguous_1b(hobby_construct_named(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+ name 
+------
+ guts
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named_ambiguous_1c(hobby_construct_named(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+ name 
+------
+ guts
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named_ambiguous_2a(text 'skywalking'));
+ name 
+------
+ guts
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named_ambiguous_2b(text 'skywalking'));
+     name      
+---------------
+ advil
+ peet's coffee
+ hightops
+ guts
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT hobbies_by_name('basketball');
+ hobbies_by_name 
+-----------------
+ joe
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name, overpaid(emp.*) FROM emp;
+  name  | overpaid 
+--------+----------
+ sharon | t
+ sam    | t
+ bill   | t
+ jeff   | f
+ cim    | f
+ linda  | f
+(6 rows)
+
+--
+-- Try a few cases with SQL-spec row constructor expressions
+--
+SELECT * FROM equipment(ROW('skywalking', 'mer'));
+ name |   hobby    
+------+------------
+ guts | skywalking
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name(equipment(ROW('skywalking', 'mer')));
+ name 
+------
+ guts
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT *, name(equipment(h.*)) FROM hobbies_r h;
+    name     | person |     name      
+-------------+--------+---------------
+ posthacking | mike   | advil
+ posthacking | mike   | peet's coffee
+ posthacking | jeff   | advil
+ posthacking | jeff   | peet's coffee
+ basketball  | joe    | hightops
+ basketball  | sally  | hightops
+ skywalking  |        | guts
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT *, (equipment(CAST((h.*) AS hobbies_r))).name FROM hobbies_r h;
+    name     | person |     name      
+-------------+--------+---------------
+ posthacking | mike   | advil
+ posthacking | mike   | peet's coffee
+ posthacking | jeff   | advil
+ posthacking | jeff   | peet's coffee
+ basketball  | joe    | hightops
+ basketball  | sally  | hightops
+ skywalking  |        | guts
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- functional joins
+--
+--
+-- instance rules
+--
+--
+-- rewrite rules
+--
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/misc_functions.out b/src/test/regress/expected/misc_functions.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01d1ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/misc_functions.out
@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+--
+-- num_nulls()
+--
+SELECT num_nonnulls(NULL);
+ num_nonnulls 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nonnulls('1');
+ num_nonnulls 
+--------------
+            1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nonnulls(NULL::text);
+ num_nonnulls 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nonnulls(NULL::text, NULL::int);
+ num_nonnulls 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nonnulls(1, 2, NULL::text, NULL::point, '', int8 '9', 1.0 / NULL);
+ num_nonnulls 
+--------------
+            4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nonnulls(VARIADIC '{1,2,NULL,3}'::int[]);
+ num_nonnulls 
+--------------
+            3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nonnulls(VARIADIC '{"1","2","3","4"}'::text[]);
+ num_nonnulls 
+--------------
+            4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nonnulls(VARIADIC ARRAY(SELECT CASE WHEN i <> 40 THEN i END FROM generate_series(1, 100) i));
+ num_nonnulls 
+--------------
+           99
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nulls(NULL);
+ num_nulls 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nulls('1');
+ num_nulls 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nulls(NULL::text);
+ num_nulls 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nulls(NULL::text, NULL::int);
+ num_nulls 
+-----------
+         2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nulls(1, 2, NULL::text, NULL::point, '', int8 '9', 1.0 / NULL);
+ num_nulls 
+-----------
+         3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nulls(VARIADIC '{1,2,NULL,3}'::int[]);
+ num_nulls 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nulls(VARIADIC '{"1","2","3","4"}'::text[]);
+ num_nulls 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nulls(VARIADIC ARRAY(SELECT CASE WHEN i <> 40 THEN i END FROM generate_series(1, 100) i));
+ num_nulls 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+-- special cases
+SELECT num_nonnulls(VARIADIC NULL::text[]);
+ num_nonnulls 
+--------------
+             
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nonnulls(VARIADIC '{}'::int[]);
+ num_nonnulls 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nulls(VARIADIC NULL::text[]);
+ num_nulls 
+-----------
+          
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num_nulls(VARIADIC '{}'::int[]);
+ num_nulls 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail, one or more arguments is required
+SELECT num_nonnulls();
+ERROR:  function num_nonnulls() does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT num_nonnulls();
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+SELECT num_nulls();
+ERROR:  function num_nulls() does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT num_nulls();
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+--
+-- canonicalize_path()
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION test_canonicalize_path(text)
+   RETURNS text
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ /
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/./abc/def/');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ /abc/def
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/./../abc/def');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ /abc/def
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/./../../abc/def/');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ /abc/def
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/abc/.././def/ghi');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ /def/ghi
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/abc/./../def/ghi//');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ /def/ghi
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/abc/def/../..');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ /
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/abc/def/../../..');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ /
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/abc/def/../../../../ghi/jkl');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ /ghi/jkl
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('.');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ .
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('./');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ .
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('./abc/..');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ .
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('abc/../');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ .
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('abc/../def');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ def
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('..');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ ..
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('../abc/def');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ ../abc/def
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('../abc/..');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ ..
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('../abc/../def');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ ../def
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('../abc/../../def/ghi');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ ../../def/ghi
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('./abc/./def/.');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ abc/def
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('./abc/././def/.');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ abc/def
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('./abc/./def/.././ghi/../../../jkl/mno');
+ test_canonicalize_path 
+------------------------
+ ../jkl/mno
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- pg_log_backend_memory_contexts()
+--
+-- Memory contexts are logged and they are not returned to the function.
+-- Furthermore, their contents can vary depending on the timing. However,
+-- we can at least verify that the code doesn't fail, and that the
+-- permissions are set properly.
+--
+SELECT pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(pg_backend_pid());
+ pg_log_backend_memory_contexts 
+--------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(pid) FROM pg_stat_activity
+  WHERE backend_type = 'checkpointer';
+ pg_log_backend_memory_contexts 
+--------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_log_memory;
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_log_memory',
+  'pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(integer)', 'EXECUTE'); -- no
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(integer)
+  TO regress_log_memory;
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_log_memory',
+  'pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(integer)', 'EXECUTE'); -- yes
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SET ROLE regress_log_memory;
+SELECT pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(pg_backend_pid());
+ pg_log_backend_memory_contexts 
+--------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE EXECUTE ON FUNCTION pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(integer)
+  FROM regress_log_memory;
+DROP ROLE regress_log_memory;
+--
+-- Test some built-in SRFs
+--
+-- The outputs of these are variable, so we can't just print their results
+-- directly, but we can at least verify that the code doesn't fail.
+--
+select setting as segsize
+from pg_settings where name = 'wal_segment_size'
+\gset
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from pg_ls_waldir();
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test ProjectSet as well as FunctionScan
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from (select pg_ls_waldir()) ss;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test not-run-to-completion cases.
+select * from pg_ls_waldir() limit 0;
+ name | size | modification 
+------+------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from (select * from pg_ls_waldir() limit 1) ss;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select (w).size = :segsize as ok
+from (select pg_ls_waldir() w) ss where length((w).name) = 24 limit 1;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok from pg_ls_archive_statusdir();
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select * from (select pg_ls_dir('.') a) a where a = 'base' limit 1;
+  a   
+------
+ base
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test missing_ok (second argument)
+select pg_ls_dir('does not exist', false, false); -- error
+ERROR:  could not open directory "does not exist": No such file or directory
+select pg_ls_dir('does not exist', true, false); -- ok
+ pg_ls_dir 
+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test include_dot_dirs (third argument)
+select count(*) = 1 as dot_found
+  from pg_ls_dir('.', false, true) as ls where ls = '.';
+ dot_found 
+-----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) = 1 as dot_found
+  from pg_ls_dir('.', false, false) as ls where ls = '.';
+ dot_found 
+-----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select * from (select (pg_timezone_names()).name) ptn where name='UTC' limit 1;
+ name 
+------
+ UTC
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) > 0 from
+  (select pg_tablespace_databases(oid) as pts from pg_tablespace
+   where spcname = 'pg_default') pts
+  join pg_database db on pts.pts = db.oid;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test replication slot directory functions
+--
+CREATE ROLE regress_slot_dir_funcs;
+-- Not available by default.
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_logicalsnapdir()', 'EXECUTE');
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_logicalmapdir()', 'EXECUTE');
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_replslotdir(text)', 'EXECUTE');
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+GRANT pg_monitor TO regress_slot_dir_funcs;
+-- Role is now part of pg_monitor, so these are available.
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_logicalsnapdir()', 'EXECUTE');
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_logicalmapdir()', 'EXECUTE');
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_replslotdir(text)', 'EXECUTE');
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP ROLE regress_slot_dir_funcs;
+--
+-- Test adding a support function to a subject function
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION my_int_eq(int, int) RETURNS bool
+  LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE
+  AS $$int4eq$$;
+-- By default, planner does not think that's selective
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM tenk1 a JOIN tenk1 b ON a.unique1 = b.unique1
+WHERE my_int_eq(a.unique2, 42);
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (b.unique1 = a.unique1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 b
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 a
+               Filter: my_int_eq(unique2, 42)
+(6 rows)
+
+-- With support function that knows it's int4eq, we get a different plan
+CREATE FUNCTION test_support_func(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS :'regresslib', 'test_support_func'
+    LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+ALTER FUNCTION my_int_eq(int, int) SUPPORT test_support_func;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM tenk1 a JOIN tenk1 b ON a.unique1 = b.unique1
+WHERE my_int_eq(a.unique2, 42);
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 a
+         Filter: my_int_eq(unique2, 42)
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 b
+         Index Cond: (unique1 = a.unique1)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Also test non-default rowcount estimate
+CREATE FUNCTION my_gen_series(int, int) RETURNS SETOF integer
+  LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE
+  AS $$generate_series_int4$$
+  SUPPORT test_support_func;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM tenk1 a JOIN my_gen_series(1,1000) g ON a.unique1 = g;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (g.g = a.unique1)
+   ->  Function Scan on my_gen_series g
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 a
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM tenk1 a JOIN my_gen_series(1,10) g ON a.unique1 = g;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Function Scan on my_gen_series g
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
+         Index Cond: (unique1 = g.g)
+(4 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/misc_sanity.out b/src/test/regress/expected/misc_sanity.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a57fd14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/misc_sanity.out
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+--
+-- MISC_SANITY
+-- Sanity checks for common errors in making system tables that don't fit
+-- comfortably into either opr_sanity or type_sanity.
+--
+-- Every test failure in this file should be closely inspected.
+-- The description of the failing test should be read carefully before
+-- adjusting the expected output.  In most cases, the queries should
+-- not find *any* matching entries.
+--
+-- NB: run this test early, because some later tests create bogus entries.
+-- **************** pg_depend ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_depend fields.
+SELECT *
+FROM pg_depend as d1
+WHERE refclassid = 0 OR refobjid = 0 OR
+      classid = 0 OR objid = 0 OR
+      deptype NOT IN ('a', 'e', 'i', 'n', 'x', 'P', 'S');
+ classid | objid | objsubid | refclassid | refobjid | refobjsubid | deptype 
+---------+-------+----------+------------+----------+-------------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_shdepend ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_shdepend fields.
+SELECT *
+FROM pg_shdepend as d1
+WHERE refclassid = 0 OR refobjid = 0 OR
+      classid = 0 OR objid = 0 OR
+      deptype NOT IN ('a', 'o', 'r', 't');
+ dbid | classid | objid | objsubid | refclassid | refobjid | deptype 
+------+---------+-------+----------+------------+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_class ****************
+-- Look for system tables with varlena columns but no toast table. All
+-- system tables with toastable columns should have toast tables, with
+-- the following exceptions:
+-- 1. pg_class, pg_attribute, and pg_index, due to fear of recursive
+-- dependencies as toast tables depend on them.
+-- 2. pg_largeobject and pg_largeobject_metadata.  Large object catalogs
+-- and toast tables are mutually exclusive and large object data is handled
+-- as user data by pg_upgrade, which would cause failures.
+SELECT relname, attname, atttypid::regtype
+FROM pg_class c JOIN pg_attribute a ON c.oid = attrelid
+WHERE c.oid < 16384 AND
+      reltoastrelid = 0 AND
+      relkind = 'r' AND
+      attstorage != 'p'
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+         relname         |    attname    |   atttypid   
+-------------------------+---------------+--------------
+ pg_attribute            | attacl        | aclitem[]
+ pg_attribute            | attfdwoptions | text[]
+ pg_attribute            | attmissingval | anyarray
+ pg_attribute            | attoptions    | text[]
+ pg_class                | relacl        | aclitem[]
+ pg_class                | reloptions    | text[]
+ pg_class                | relpartbound  | pg_node_tree
+ pg_index                | indexprs      | pg_node_tree
+ pg_index                | indpred       | pg_node_tree
+ pg_largeobject          | data          | bytea
+ pg_largeobject_metadata | lomacl        | aclitem[]
+(11 rows)
+
+-- system catalogs without primary keys
+--
+-- Current exceptions:
+-- * pg_depend, pg_shdepend don't have a unique key
+SELECT relname
+FROM pg_class
+WHERE relnamespace = 'pg_catalog'::regnamespace AND relkind = 'r'
+      AND pg_class.oid NOT IN (SELECT indrelid FROM pg_index WHERE indisprimary)
+ORDER BY 1;
+   relname   
+-------------
+ pg_depend
+ pg_shdepend
+(2 rows)
+
+-- system catalog unique indexes not wrapped in a constraint
+-- (There should be none.)
+SELECT relname
+FROM pg_class c JOIN pg_index i ON c.oid = i.indexrelid
+WHERE relnamespace = 'pg_catalog'::regnamespace AND relkind = 'i'
+      AND i.indisunique
+      AND c.oid NOT IN (SELECT conindid FROM pg_constraint)
+ORDER BY 1;
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/money.out b/src/test/regress/expected/money.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc71a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/money.out
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+--
+-- MONEY
+--
+-- Note that we assume lc_monetary has been set to C.
+--
+CREATE TABLE money_data (m money);
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('123');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+    m    
+---------
+ $123.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m + '123' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m + '123.45' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m - '123.45' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+   -$0.45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m / '2'::money FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+     61.5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m * 2 FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2 * m FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m / 2 FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+   $61.50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m * 2::int2 FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2::int2 * m FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m / 2::int2 FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+   $61.50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m * 2::int8 FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2::int8 * m FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m / 2::int8 FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+   $61.50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m * 2::float8 FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2::float8 * m FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m / 2::float8 FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+   $61.50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m * 2::float4 FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2::float4 * m FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+  $246.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m / 2::float4 FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+   $61.50
+(1 row)
+
+-- All true
+SELECT m = '$123.00' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m != '$124.00' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m <= '$123.00' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m >= '$123.00' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m < '$124.00' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m > '$122.00' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- All false
+SELECT m = '$123.01' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m != '$123.00' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m <= '$122.99' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m >= '$123.01' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m > '$124.00' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT m < '$122.00' FROM money_data;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cashlarger(m, '$124.00') FROM money_data;
+ cashlarger 
+------------
+    $124.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cashsmaller(m, '$124.00') FROM money_data;
+ cashsmaller 
+-------------
+     $123.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cash_words(m) FROM money_data;
+                   cash_words                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ One hundred twenty three dollars and zero cents
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cash_words(m + '1.23') FROM money_data;
+                       cash_words                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ One hundred twenty four dollars and twenty three cents
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.45');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+    m    
+---------
+ $123.45
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.451');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+    m    
+---------
+ $123.45
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.454');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+    m    
+---------
+ $123.45
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.455');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+    m    
+---------
+ $123.46
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.456');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+    m    
+---------
+ $123.46
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.459');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+    m    
+---------
+ $123.46
+(1 row)
+
+-- input checks
+SELECT '1234567890'::money;
+       money       
+-------------------
+ $1,234,567,890.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '12345678901234567'::money;
+           money            
+----------------------------
+ $12,345,678,901,234,567.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '123456789012345678'::money;
+ERROR:  value "123456789012345678" is out of range for type money
+LINE 1: SELECT '123456789012345678'::money;
+               ^
+SELECT '9223372036854775807'::money;
+ERROR:  value "9223372036854775807" is out of range for type money
+LINE 1: SELECT '9223372036854775807'::money;
+               ^
+SELECT '-12345'::money;
+    money    
+-------------
+ -$12,345.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-1234567890'::money;
+       money        
+--------------------
+ -$1,234,567,890.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-12345678901234567'::money;
+            money            
+-----------------------------
+ -$12,345,678,901,234,567.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-123456789012345678'::money;
+ERROR:  value "-123456789012345678" is out of range for type money
+LINE 1: SELECT '-123456789012345678'::money;
+               ^
+SELECT '-9223372036854775808'::money;
+ERROR:  value "-9223372036854775808" is out of range for type money
+LINE 1: SELECT '-9223372036854775808'::money;
+               ^
+-- special characters
+SELECT '(1)'::money;
+ money  
+--------
+ -$1.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '($123,456.78)'::money;
+    money     
+--------------
+ -$123,456.78
+(1 row)
+
+-- documented minimums and maximums
+SELECT '-92233720368547758.08'::money;
+            money            
+-----------------------------
+ -$92,233,720,368,547,758.08
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '92233720368547758.07'::money;
+           money            
+----------------------------
+ $92,233,720,368,547,758.07
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-92233720368547758.09'::money;
+ERROR:  value "-92233720368547758.09" is out of range for type money
+LINE 1: SELECT '-92233720368547758.09'::money;
+               ^
+SELECT '92233720368547758.08'::money;
+ERROR:  value "92233720368547758.08" is out of range for type money
+LINE 1: SELECT '92233720368547758.08'::money;
+               ^
+-- rounding
+SELECT '-92233720368547758.085'::money;
+ERROR:  value "-92233720368547758.085" is out of range for type money
+LINE 1: SELECT '-92233720368547758.085'::money;
+               ^
+SELECT '92233720368547758.075'::money;
+ERROR:  value "92233720368547758.075" is out of range for type money
+LINE 1: SELECT '92233720368547758.075'::money;
+               ^
+-- rounding vs. truncation in division
+SELECT '878.08'::money / 11::float8;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+   $79.83
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '878.08'::money / 11::float4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+   $79.83
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '878.08'::money / 11::bigint;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+   $79.82
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '878.08'::money / 11::int;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+   $79.82
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '878.08'::money / 11::smallint;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+   $79.82
+(1 row)
+
+-- check for precision loss in division
+SELECT '90000000000000099.00'::money / 10::bigint;
+         ?column?          
+---------------------------
+ $9,000,000,000,000,009.90
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '90000000000000099.00'::money / 10::int;
+         ?column?          
+---------------------------
+ $9,000,000,000,000,009.90
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '90000000000000099.00'::money / 10::smallint;
+         ?column?          
+---------------------------
+ $9,000,000,000,000,009.90
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cast int4/int8/numeric to money
+SELECT 1234567890::money;
+       money       
+-------------------
+ $1,234,567,890.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 12345678901234567::money;
+           money            
+----------------------------
+ $12,345,678,901,234,567.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (-12345)::money;
+    money    
+-------------
+ -$12,345.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (-1234567890)::money;
+       money        
+--------------------
+ -$1,234,567,890.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (-12345678901234567)::money;
+            money            
+-----------------------------
+ -$12,345,678,901,234,567.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 1234567890::int4::money;
+       money       
+-------------------
+ $1,234,567,890.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 12345678901234567::int8::money;
+           money            
+----------------------------
+ $12,345,678,901,234,567.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 12345678901234567::numeric::money;
+           money            
+----------------------------
+ $12,345,678,901,234,567.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (-1234567890)::int4::money;
+       money        
+--------------------
+ -$1,234,567,890.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (-12345678901234567)::int8::money;
+            money            
+-----------------------------
+ -$12,345,678,901,234,567.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (-12345678901234567)::numeric::money;
+            money            
+-----------------------------
+ -$12,345,678,901,234,567.00
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cast from money to numeric
+SELECT '12345678901234567'::money::numeric;
+       numeric        
+----------------------
+ 12345678901234567.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-12345678901234567'::money::numeric;
+        numeric        
+-----------------------
+ -12345678901234567.00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '92233720368547758.07'::money::numeric;
+       numeric        
+----------------------
+ 92233720368547758.07
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-92233720368547758.08'::money::numeric;
+        numeric        
+-----------------------
+ -92233720368547758.08
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/multirangetypes.out b/src/test/regress/expected/multirangetypes.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac2eb84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/multirangetypes.out
@@ -0,0 +1,3332 @@
+-- Tests for multirange data types.
+--
+-- test input parser
+--
+-- negative tests; should fail
+select ''::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed multirange literal: ""
+LINE 1: select ''::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Missing left brace.
+select '{,}'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed multirange literal: "{,}"
+LINE 1: select '{,}'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected range start.
+select '{(,)}.'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed multirange literal: "{(,)}."
+LINE 1: select '{(,)}.'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Junk after closing right brace.
+select '{[a,c),}'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed multirange literal: "{[a,c),}"
+LINE 1: select '{[a,c),}'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected range start.
+select '{,[a,c)}'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed multirange literal: "{,[a,c)}"
+LINE 1: select '{,[a,c)}'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected range start.
+select '{-[a,z)}'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed multirange literal: "{-[a,z)}"
+LINE 1: select '{-[a,z)}'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected range start.
+select '{[a,z) - }'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed multirange literal: "{[a,z) - }"
+LINE 1: select '{[a,z) - }'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected comma or end of multirange.
+select '{(",a)}'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed multirange literal: "{(",a)}"
+LINE 1: select '{(",a)}'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unexpected end of input.
+select '{(,,a)}'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: "(,,a)"
+LINE 1: select '{(,,a)}'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Too many commas.
+select '{(),a)}'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: "()"
+LINE 1: select '{(),a)}'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Missing comma after lower bound.
+select '{(a,))}'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed multirange literal: "{(a,))}"
+LINE 1: select '{(a,))}'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected comma or end of multirange.
+select '{(],a)}'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: "(]"
+LINE 1: select '{(],a)}'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Missing comma after lower bound.
+select '{(a,])}'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  malformed multirange literal: "{(a,])}"
+LINE 1: select '{(a,])}'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Expected comma or end of multirange.
+select '{[z,a]}'::textmultirange;
+ERROR:  range lower bound must be less than or equal to range upper bound
+LINE 1: select '{[z,a]}'::textmultirange;
+               ^
+-- should succeed
+select '{}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select '  {}  '::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select ' { empty, empty }  '::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select ' {( " a " " a ", " z " " z " )  }'::textmultirange;
+       textmultirange       
+----------------------------
+ {("  a   a ","  z   z  ")}
+(1 row)
+
+select textrange('\\\\', repeat('a', 200))::textmultirange;
+                                                                                                        textrange                                                                                                        
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {["\\\\\\\\",aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa)}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{(,z)}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {(,z)}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{(a,)}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {(a,)}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[,z]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {(,z]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[a,]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[a,)}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{(,)}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {(,)}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[ , ]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[" "," "]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{["",""]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {["",""]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[",",","]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[",",","]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{["\\","\\"]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {["\\","\\"]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{["""","\""]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {["""",""""]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{(\\,a)}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {("\\",a)}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{((,z)}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {("(",z)}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{([,z)}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {("[",z)}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{(!,()}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {(!,"(")}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{(!,[)}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {(!,"[")}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[a,a]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[a,a]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[a,a],[a,b]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[a,b]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[a,b), [b,e]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[a,e]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[a,d), [b,f]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[a,f]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[a,a],[b,b]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[a,a],[b,b]}
+(1 row)
+
+-- without canonicalization, we can't join these:
+select '{[a,a], [b,b]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[a,a],[b,b]}
+(1 row)
+
+-- with canonicalization, we can join these:
+select '{[1,2], [3,4]}'::int4multirange;
+ int4multirange 
+----------------
+ {[1,5)}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[a,a], [b,b], [c,c]}'::textmultirange;
+   textmultirange    
+---------------------
+ {[a,a],[b,b],[c,c]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[a,d], [b,e]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[a,e]}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[a,d), [d,e)}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[a,e)}
+(1 row)
+
+-- these are allowed but normalize to empty:
+select '{[a,a)}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{(a,a]}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{(a,a)}'::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test the constructor
+---
+select textmultirange();
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select textmultirange(textrange('a', 'c'));
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[a,c)}
+(1 row)
+
+select textmultirange(textrange('a', 'c'), textrange('f', 'g'));
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {[a,c),[f,g)}
+(1 row)
+
+select textmultirange(textrange('\\\\', repeat('a', 200)), textrange('c', 'd'));
+                                                                                                        textmultirange                                                                                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {["\\\\\\\\",aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa),[c,d)}
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test casts, both a built-in range type and a user-defined one:
+--
+select 'empty'::int4range::int4multirange;
+ int4multirange 
+----------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select int4range(1, 3)::int4multirange;
+ int4range 
+-----------
+ {[1,3)}
+(1 row)
+
+select int4range(1, null)::int4multirange;
+ int4range 
+-----------
+ {[1,)}
+(1 row)
+
+select int4range(null, null)::int4multirange;
+ int4range 
+-----------
+ {(,)}
+(1 row)
+
+select 'empty'::textrange::textmultirange;
+ textmultirange 
+----------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select textrange('a', 'c')::textmultirange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ {[a,c)}
+(1 row)
+
+select textrange('a', null)::textmultirange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ {[a,)}
+(1 row)
+
+select textrange(null, null)::textmultirange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ {(,)}
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test unnest(multirange) function
+--
+select unnest(int4multirange(int4range('5', '6'), int4range('1', '2')));
+ unnest 
+--------
+ [1,2)
+ [5,6)
+(2 rows)
+
+select unnest(textmultirange(textrange('a', 'b'), textrange('d', 'e')));
+ unnest 
+--------
+ [a,b)
+ [d,e)
+(2 rows)
+
+select unnest(textmultirange(textrange('\\\\', repeat('a', 200)), textrange('c', 'd')));
+                                                                                                        unnest                                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ["\\\\\\\\",aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa)
+ [c,d)
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- create some test data and test the operators
+--
+CREATE TABLE nummultirange_test (nmr NUMMULTIRANGE);
+CREATE INDEX nummultirange_test_btree ON nummultirange_test(nmr);
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{[,)}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{[3,]}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{[,), [3,]}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{[, 5)}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES(nummultirange());
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES(nummultirange(variadic '{}'::numrange[]));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.2)));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{empty}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.7, 1.7, '[]'), numrange(1.7, 1.9)));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.7, 1.7, '[]'), numrange(1.9, 2.1)));
+SELECT nmr, isempty(nmr), lower(nmr), upper(nmr) FROM nummultirange_test ORDER BY nmr;
+          nmr          | isempty | lower | upper 
+-----------------------+---------+-------+-------
+ {}                    | t       |       |      
+ {}                    | t       |       |      
+ {}                    | t       |       |      
+ {}                    | t       |       |      
+ {(,5)}                | f       |       |     5
+ {(,)}                 | f       |       |      
+ {(,)}                 | f       |       |      
+ {[1.1,2.2)}           | f       |   1.1 |   2.2
+ {[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)} | f       |   1.7 |   2.1
+ {[1.7,1.9)}           | f       |   1.7 |   1.9
+ {[3,)}                | f       |     3 |      
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT nmr, lower_inc(nmr), lower_inf(nmr), upper_inc(nmr), upper_inf(nmr) FROM nummultirange_test ORDER BY nmr;
+          nmr          | lower_inc | lower_inf | upper_inc | upper_inf 
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+ {}                    | f         | f         | f         | f
+ {}                    | f         | f         | f         | f
+ {}                    | f         | f         | f         | f
+ {}                    | f         | f         | f         | f
+ {(,5)}                | f         | t         | f         | f
+ {(,)}                 | f         | t         | f         | t
+ {(,)}                 | f         | t         | f         | t
+ {[1.1,2.2)}           | t         | f         | f         | f
+ {[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)} | t         | f         | f         | f
+ {[1.7,1.9)}           | t         | f         | f         | f
+ {[3,)}                | t         | f         | f         | t
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr = '{}';
+ nmr 
+-----
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr = '{(,5)}';
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,5)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr = '{[3,)}';
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {[3,)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr = '{[1.7,1.7]}';
+ nmr 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr = '{[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)}';
+          nmr          
+-----------------------
+ {[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr < '{}';
+ nmr 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr < '{[-1000.0, -1000.0]}';
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr < '{[0.0, 1.0]}';
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr < '{[1000.0, 1001.0]}';
+          nmr          
+-----------------------
+ {}
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {}
+ {[1.7,1.9)}
+ {[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)}
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr <= '{}';
+ nmr 
+-----
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr <= '{[3,)}';
+          nmr          
+-----------------------
+ {}
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {}
+ {[1.7,1.9)}
+ {[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)}
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr >= '{}';
+          nmr          
+-----------------------
+ {}
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {}
+ {[1.7,1.9)}
+ {[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)}
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr >= '{[3,)}';
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {[3,)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr > '{}';
+          nmr          
+-----------------------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {[1.7,1.9)}
+ {[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)}
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr > '{[-1000.0, -1000.0]}';
+          nmr          
+-----------------------
+ {[3,)}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {[1.7,1.9)}
+ {[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr > '{[0.0, 1.0]}';
+          nmr          
+-----------------------
+ {[3,)}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {[1.7,1.9)}
+ {[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr > '{[1000.0, 1001.0]}';
+ nmr 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr <> '{}';
+          nmr          
+-----------------------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {[1.7,1.9)}
+ {[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)}
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr <> '{(,5)}';
+          nmr          
+-----------------------
+ {}
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {}
+ {[1.7,1.9)}
+ {[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)}
+(10 rows)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(2.0, 1.0));
+ERROR:  range lower bound must be less than or equal to range upper bound
+select nummultirange(numrange(5.0, 6.0), numrange(1.0, 2.0));
+     nummultirange     
+-----------------------
+ {[1.0,2.0),[5.0,6.0)}
+(1 row)
+
+analyze nummultirange_test;
+-- overlaps
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE range_overlaps_multirange(numrange(4.0, 4.2), nmr);
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE numrange(4.0, 4.2) && nmr;
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_overlaps_range(nmr, numrange(4.0, 4.2));
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr && numrange(4.0, 4.2);
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_overlaps_multirange(nmr, nummultirange(numrange(4.0, 4.2), numrange(6.0, 7.0)));
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr && nummultirange(numrange(4.0, 4.2), numrange(6.0, 7.0));
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr && nummultirange(numrange(6.0, 7.0));
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr && nummultirange(numrange(6.0, 7.0), numrange(8.0, 9.0));
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+(3 rows)
+
+-- mr contains x
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_contains_elem(nmr, 4.0);
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr @> 4.0;
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_contains_range(nmr, numrange(4.0, 4.2));
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr @> numrange(4.0, 4.2);
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_contains_multirange(nmr, '{[4.0,4.2), [6.0, 8.0)}');
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr @> '{[4.0,4.2), [6.0, 8.0)}'::nummultirange;
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+(3 rows)
+
+-- x is contained by mr
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE elem_contained_by_multirange(4.0, nmr);
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE 4.0 <@ nmr;
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE range_contained_by_multirange(numrange(4.0, 4.2), nmr);
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE numrange(4.0, 4.2) <@ nmr;
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+ {(,5)}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_contained_by_multirange('{[4.0,4.2), [6.0, 8.0)}', nmr);
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE '{[4.0,4.2), [6.0, 8.0)}'::nummultirange <@ nmr;
+  nmr   
+--------
+ {(,)}
+ {[3,)}
+ {(,)}
+(3 rows)
+
+-- overlaps
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange && nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange && nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() && 'empty'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) && 'empty'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() && nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() && nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) && nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) && nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(7,8));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(7,8)) && nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) && nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(3.5,8));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(3.5,8)) && numrange(3,4);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(3.5,8)) && nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::nummultirange && '(42,92)'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- contains
+SELECT nummultirange() @> nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() @> 'empty'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,null)) @> numrange(1,2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,null)) @> numrange(null,2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,null)) @> numrange(2,null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,5)) @> numrange(null,3);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,5)) @> numrange(null,8);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(5,null)) @> numrange(8,null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(5,null)) @> numrange(3,null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5)) @> numrange(8,9);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5)) @> numrange(3,9);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5)) @> numrange(1,4);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5)) @> numrange(1,5);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(1,5)) @> numrange(1,5);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9)) @> numrange(1,5);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9)) @> numrange(6,7);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,9)) @> numrange(6,7);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,5)}'::nummultirange @> '{[1,5)}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[-4,-2), [1,5)}'::nummultirange @> '{[1,5)}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange @> '{[1,5)}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange @> '{[6,7)}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,5), [6,9)}'::nummultirange @> '{[6,7)}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::nummultirange @> '(52,56)'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(null,null) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(null,null) @> nummultirange(numrange(null,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(null,null) @> nummultirange(numrange(2,null));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(null,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(null,3));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(null,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(null,8));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(5,null) @> nummultirange(numrange(8,null));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(5,null) @> nummultirange(numrange(3,null));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(8,9));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(3,9));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,5));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,9) @> nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(1,5));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,9) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,9) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,9));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,9) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,10));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,9)}' @> '{[1,5)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,9)}' @> '{[-4,-2), [1,5)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,9)}' @> '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,9)}' @> '{[1,5), [6,9)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,9)}' @> '{[1,5), [6,10)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- is contained by
+SELECT nummultirange() <@ nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange <@ nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,2) <@ nummultirange(numrange(null,null));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(null,2) <@ nummultirange(numrange(null,null));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(2,null) <@ nummultirange(numrange(null,null));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(null,3) <@ nummultirange(numrange(null,5));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(null,8) <@ nummultirange(numrange(null,5));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(8,null) <@ nummultirange(numrange(5,null));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(3,null) <@ nummultirange(numrange(5,null));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(8,9) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(3,9) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,4) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,5) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,5) <@ nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(1,5));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,5) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(6,7) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(6,7) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,9));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,5)}' <@ '{[1,5)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,5)}' <@ '{[-4,-2), [1,5)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,5)}' <@ '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[6,7)}' <@ '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[6,7)}' <@ '{[1,5), [6,9)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) <@ numrange(null,null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,2)) <@ numrange(null,null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(2,null)) <@ numrange(null,null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,3)) <@ numrange(null,5);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,8)) <@ numrange(null,5);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(8,null)) <@ numrange(5,null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,null)) <@ numrange(5,null);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(8,9)) <@ numrange(1,5);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,9)) <@ numrange(1,5);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) <@ numrange(1,5);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5)) <@ numrange(1,5);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(1,5)) <@ numrange(1,9);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9)) <@ numrange(1,9);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,9)) <@ numrange(1,9);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,10)) <@ numrange(1,9);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,5)}'::nummultirange <@ '{[1,9)}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[-4,-2), [1,5)}'::nummultirange <@ '{[1,9)}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange <@ '{[1,9)}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,5), [6,9)}'::nummultirange <@ '{[1,9)}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,5), [6,10)}'::nummultirange <@ '{[1,9)}';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- overleft
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange &< nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange &< nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() &< 'empty'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &< 'empty'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() &< nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &< nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() &< nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(6,7) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,2) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,4) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,6) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(3.5,6) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(6,7)) &< numrange(3,4);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &< numrange(3,4);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) &< numrange(3,4);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,6)) &< numrange(3,4);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3.5,6)) &< numrange(3,4);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(6,7)) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,6)) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3.5,6)) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- overright
+SELECT nummultirange() &> 'empty'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &> 'empty'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange &> nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange &> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() &> nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() &> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &> nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> numrange(6,7);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> numrange(1,2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> numrange(1,4);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> numrange(1,6);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> numrange(3.5,6);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(3,4) &> nummultirange(numrange(6,7));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(3,4) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(3,4) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(3,4) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,6));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(3,4) &> nummultirange(numrange(3.5,6));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> nummultirange(numrange(6,7));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,6));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> nummultirange(numrange(3.5,6));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- meets
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange -|- nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange -|- nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() -|- 'empty'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- 'empty'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() -|- nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() -|- nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,2) -|- nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numrange(1,2) -|- nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- numrange(2,4);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- numrange(3,4);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(5,6)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(5,6)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(6,7));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(5,6)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(8,9));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(2,4), numrange(6,7));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- strictly left
+select 'empty'::numrange << nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1,2) << nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1,2) << nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1,2) << nummultirange(numrange(0,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1,2) << nummultirange(numrange(0,4), numrange(7,8));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange() << 'empty'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange() << numrange(1,2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) << numrange(3,6);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(0,2)) << numrange(3,6);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(0,2), numrange(7,8)) << numrange(3,6);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(0,2)) << numrange(3,6);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange() << nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange() << nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) << nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) << nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) << nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) << nummultirange(numrange(3,4), numrange(7,8));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) << nummultirange(numrange(3,4), numrange(7,8));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- strictly right
+select nummultirange() >> 'empty'::numrange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange() >> numrange(1,2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) >> numrange(1,2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(0,4)) >> numrange(1,2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(0,4), numrange(7,8)) >> numrange(1,2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'empty'::numrange >> nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1,2) >> nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(3,6) >> nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(3,6) >> nummultirange(numrange(0,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(3,6) >> nummultirange(numrange(0,2), numrange(7,8));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(3,6) >> nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(0,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange() >> nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) >> nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange() >> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) >> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) >> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(3,4), numrange(7,8)) >> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(3,4), numrange(7,8)) >> nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- union
+SELECT nummultirange() + nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() + nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,2)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) + nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,2)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) + nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,2)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) + nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,4)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) + nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {[1,2),[3,4)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) + nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,5)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) + nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {[1,2),[3,5)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) + nummultirange(numrange(0,9));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[0,9)}
+(1 row)
+
+-- merge
+SELECT range_merge(nummultirange());
+ range_merge 
+-------------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT range_merge(nummultirange(numrange(1,2)));
+ range_merge 
+-------------
+ [1,2)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT range_merge(nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(7,8)));
+ range_merge 
+-------------
+ [1,8)
+(1 row)
+
+-- minus
+SELECT nummultirange() - nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() - nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) - nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,2)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(3,4)) - nummultirange();
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {[1,2),[3,4)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) - nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) - nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,2)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) - nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,2)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) - nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[2,4)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) - nummultirange(numrange(2,3));
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {[1,2),[3,4)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) - nummultirange(numrange(0,8));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) - nummultirange(numrange(0,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[2,4)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,8)) - nummultirange(numrange(0,2), numrange(3,4));
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {[2,3),[4,8)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,8)) - nummultirange(numrange(2,3), numrange(5,null));
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {[1,2),[3,5)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(-2,0));
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {[1,2),[4,5)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {[1,2),[4,5)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(3,5));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,2)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(0,9));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,3), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(2,9));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,2)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(8,9));
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {[1,2),[4,5)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(-2,0), numrange(8,9));
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {[1,2),[4,5)}
+(1 row)
+
+-- intersection
+SELECT nummultirange() * nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange() * nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) * nummultirange();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,3)}'::nummultirange * '{[1,5)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,3)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,3)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,5)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,3)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,3)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,2)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[1,2)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,3)}'::nummultirange * '{[2,5)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[2,3)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,4)}'::nummultirange * '{[2,3)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[2,3)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,4)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,2), [3,5)}'::nummultirange;
+   ?column?    
+---------------
+ {[1,2),[3,4)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,4), [7,10)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,8), [9,12)}'::nummultirange;
+       ?column?       
+----------------------
+ {[1,4),[7,8),[9,10)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,4), [7,10)}'::nummultirange * '{[9,12)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[9,10)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,4), [7,10)}'::nummultirange * '{[-5,-4), [5,6), [9,12)}'::nummultirange;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ {[9,10)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,4), [7,10)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,2), [3,8), [9,12)}'::nummultirange;
+          ?column?          
+----------------------------
+ {[1,2),[3,4),[7,8),[9,10)}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '{[1,4), [7,10)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,2), [3,8), [9,12)}'::nummultirange;
+          ?column?          
+----------------------------
+ {[1,2),[3,4),[7,8),[9,10)}
+(1 row)
+
+-- test GiST index
+create table test_multirange_gist(mr int4multirange);
+insert into test_multirange_gist select int4multirange(int4range(g, g+10),int4range(g+20, g+30),int4range(g+40, g+50)) from generate_series(1,2000) g;
+insert into test_multirange_gist select '{}'::int4multirange from generate_series(1,500) g;
+insert into test_multirange_gist select int4multirange(int4range(g, g+10000)) from generate_series(1,1000) g;
+insert into test_multirange_gist select int4multirange(int4range(NULL, g*10, '(]'), int4range(g*10, g*20, '(]')) from generate_series(1,100) g;
+insert into test_multirange_gist select int4multirange(int4range(g*10, g*20, '(]'), int4range(g*20, NULL, '(]')) from generate_series(1,100) g;
+create index test_mulrirange_gist_idx on test_multirange_gist using gist (mr);
+-- test statistics and selectivity estimation as well
+--
+-- We don't check the accuracy of selectivity estimation, but at least check
+-- it doesn't fall.
+analyze test_multirange_gist;
+-- first, verify non-indexed results
+SET enable_seqscan    = t;
+SET enable_indexscan  = f;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr = '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+  3700
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  3700
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  3700
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr = int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40), int4range(50,60));
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> 10;
+ count 
+-------
+   120
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   111
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   139
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ int4range(10,50);
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+    54
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  2053
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+   474
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  2893
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  3700
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40));
+ count 
+-------
+   110
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+   218
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ '{(10,30),(40,60),(70,90)}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+    54
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  2053
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+   474
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  2893
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- now check same queries using index
+SET enable_seqscan    = f;
+SET enable_indexscan  = t;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr = '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+  3700
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  3700
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  3700
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+  3700
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr = int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40), int4range(50,60));
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> 10;
+ count 
+-------
+   120
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   111
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   139
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ int4range(10,50);
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+    54
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  2053
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+   474
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  2893
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  3700
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40));
+ count 
+-------
+   110
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+   218
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ '{(10,30),(40,60),(70,90)}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+    54
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  2053
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+   474
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  2893
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+drop table test_multirange_gist;
+--
+-- range_agg function
+--
+create table reservations ( room_id integer not null, booked_during daterange );
+insert into reservations values
+-- 1: has a meets and a gap
+(1, daterange('2018-07-01', '2018-07-07')),
+(1, daterange('2018-07-07', '2018-07-14')),
+(1, daterange('2018-07-20', '2018-07-22')),
+-- 2: just a single row
+(2, daterange('2018-07-01', '2018-07-03')),
+-- 3: one null range
+(3, NULL),
+-- 4: two null ranges
+(4, NULL),
+(4, NULL),
+-- 5: a null range and a non-null range
+(5, NULL),
+(5, daterange('2018-07-01', '2018-07-03')),
+-- 6: has overlap
+(6, daterange('2018-07-01', '2018-07-07')),
+(6, daterange('2018-07-05', '2018-07-10')),
+-- 7: two ranges that meet: no gap or overlap
+(7, daterange('2018-07-01', '2018-07-07')),
+(7, daterange('2018-07-07', '2018-07-14')),
+-- 8: an empty range
+(8, 'empty'::daterange)
+;
+SELECT   room_id, range_agg(booked_during)
+FROM     reservations
+GROUP BY room_id
+ORDER BY room_id;
+ room_id |                     range_agg                     
+---------+---------------------------------------------------
+       1 | {[07-01-2018,07-14-2018),[07-20-2018,07-22-2018)}
+       2 | {[07-01-2018,07-03-2018)}
+       3 | 
+       4 | 
+       5 | {[07-01-2018,07-03-2018)}
+       6 | {[07-01-2018,07-10-2018)}
+       7 | {[07-01-2018,07-14-2018)}
+       8 | {}
+(8 rows)
+
+-- range_agg on a custom range type too
+SELECT  range_agg(r)
+FROM    (VALUES
+          ('[a,c]'::textrange),
+          ('[b,b]'::textrange),
+          ('[c,f]'::textrange),
+          ('[g,h)'::textrange),
+          ('[h,j)'::textrange)
+        ) t(r);
+   range_agg   
+---------------
+ {[a,f],[g,j)}
+(1 row)
+
+-- range_agg with multirange inputs
+select range_agg(nmr) from nummultirange_test;
+ range_agg 
+-----------
+ {(,)}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_agg(nmr) from nummultirange_test where false;
+ range_agg 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select range_agg(null::nummultirange) from nummultirange_test;
+ range_agg 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+ range_agg 
+-----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{}'::nummultirange), ('{}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+ range_agg 
+-----------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+ range_agg 
+-----------
+ {[1,2]}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2], [5,6]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+   range_agg   
+---------------
+ {[1,2],[5,6]}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2], [2,3]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+ range_agg 
+-----------
+ {[1,3]}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2]}'::nummultirange), ('{[5,6]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+   range_agg   
+---------------
+ {[1,2],[5,6]}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2]}'::nummultirange), ('{[2,3]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+ range_agg 
+-----------
+ {[1,3]}
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- range_intersect_agg function
+--
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from nummultirange_test;
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from nummultirange_test where false;
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select range_intersect_agg(null::nummultirange) from nummultirange_test;
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,3]}'::nummultirange), ('{[6,12]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,6]}'::nummultirange), ('{[3,12]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ {[3,6]}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,6], [10,12]}'::nummultirange), ('{[4,14]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ {[4,6],[10,12]}
+(1 row)
+
+-- test with just one input:
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ {[1,2]}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,6], [10,12]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ {[1,6],[10,12]}
+(1 row)
+
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from nummultirange_test where nmr @> 4.0;
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ {[3,5)}
+(1 row)
+
+create table nummultirange_test2(nmr nummultirange);
+create index nummultirange_test2_hash_idx on nummultirange_test2 using hash (nmr);
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test2 VALUES('{[, 5)}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test2 VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.2)));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test2 VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.2)));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test2 VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.2,'()')));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test2 VALUES('{}');
+select * from nummultirange_test2 where nmr = '{}';
+ nmr 
+-----
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from nummultirange_test2 where nmr = nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.2));
+     nmr     
+-------------
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from nummultirange_test2 where nmr = nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.3));
+ nmr 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+set enable_nestloop=t;
+set enable_hashjoin=f;
+set enable_mergejoin=f;
+select * from nummultirange_test natural join nummultirange_test2 order by nmr;
+     nmr     
+-------------
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {(,5)}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+(7 rows)
+
+set enable_nestloop=f;
+set enable_hashjoin=t;
+set enable_mergejoin=f;
+select * from nummultirange_test natural join nummultirange_test2 order by nmr;
+     nmr     
+-------------
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {(,5)}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+(7 rows)
+
+set enable_nestloop=f;
+set enable_hashjoin=f;
+set enable_mergejoin=t;
+select * from nummultirange_test natural join nummultirange_test2 order by nmr;
+     nmr     
+-------------
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {}
+ {(,5)}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+ {[1.1,2.2)}
+(7 rows)
+
+set enable_nestloop to default;
+set enable_hashjoin to default;
+set enable_mergejoin to default;
+DROP TABLE nummultirange_test2;
+--
+-- Test user-defined multirange of floats
+--
+select '{[123.001, 5.e9)}'::float8multirange @> 888.882::float8;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+create table float8multirange_test(f8mr float8multirange, i int);
+insert into float8multirange_test values(float8multirange(float8range(-100.00007, '1.111113e9')), 42);
+select * from float8multirange_test;
+           f8mr            | i  
+---------------------------+----
+ {[-100.00007,1111113000)} | 42
+(1 row)
+
+drop table float8multirange_test;
+--
+-- Test multirange types over domains
+--
+create domain mydomain as int4;
+create type mydomainrange as range(subtype=mydomain);
+select '{[4,50)}'::mydomainmultirange @> 7::mydomain;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+drop domain mydomain cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to type mydomainrange
+--
+-- Test domains over multirange types
+--
+create domain restrictedmultirange as int4multirange check (upper(value) < 10);
+select '{[4,5)}'::restrictedmultirange @> 7;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select '{[4,50)}'::restrictedmultirange @> 7; -- should fail
+ERROR:  value for domain restrictedmultirange violates check constraint "restrictedmultirange_check"
+drop domain restrictedmultirange;
+---
+-- Check automatic naming of multiranges
+---
+create type intr as range(subtype=int);
+select intr_multirange(intr(1,10));
+ intr_multirange 
+-----------------
+ {[1,10)}
+(1 row)
+
+drop type intr;
+create type intmultirange as (x int, y int);
+create type intrange as range(subtype=int); -- should fail
+ERROR:  type "intmultirange" already exists
+DETAIL:  Failed while creating a multirange type for type "intrange".
+HINT:  You can manually specify a multirange type name using the "multirange_type_name" attribute.
+drop type intmultirange;
+create type intr_multirange as (x int, y int);
+create type intr as range(subtype=int); -- should fail
+ERROR:  type "intr_multirange" already exists
+DETAIL:  Failed while creating a multirange type for type "intr".
+HINT:  You can manually specify a multirange type name using the "multirange_type_name" attribute.
+drop type intr_multirange;
+--
+-- Test multiple multirange types over the same subtype and manual naming of
+-- the multirange type.
+--
+-- should fail
+create type textrange1 as range(subtype=text, multirange_type_name=int, collation="C");
+ERROR:  type "int4" already exists
+-- should pass
+create type textrange1 as range(subtype=text, multirange_type_name=multirange_of_text, collation="C");
+-- should pass, because existing _textrange1 is automatically renamed
+create type textrange2 as range(subtype=text, multirange_type_name=_textrange1, collation="C");
+select multirange_of_text(textrange2('a','Z'));  -- should fail
+ERROR:  function multirange_of_text(textrange2) does not exist
+LINE 1: select multirange_of_text(textrange2('a','Z'));
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select multirange_of_text(textrange1('a','Z')) @> 'b'::text;
+ERROR:  range lower bound must be less than or equal to range upper bound
+select unnest(multirange_of_text(textrange1('a','b'), textrange1('d','e')));
+ unnest 
+--------
+ [a,b)
+ [d,e)
+(2 rows)
+
+select _textrange1(textrange2('a','z')) @> 'b'::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+drop type textrange1;
+drop type textrange2;
+--
+-- Test polymorphic type system
+--
+create function anyarray_anymultirange_func(a anyarray, r anymultirange)
+  returns anyelement as 'select $1[1] + lower($2);' language sql;
+select anyarray_anymultirange_func(ARRAY[1,2], int4multirange(int4range(10,20)));
+ anyarray_anymultirange_func 
+-----------------------------
+                          11
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+select anyarray_anymultirange_func(ARRAY[1,2], nummultirange(numrange(10,20)));
+ERROR:  function anyarray_anymultirange_func(integer[], nummultirange) does not exist
+LINE 1: select anyarray_anymultirange_func(ARRAY[1,2], nummultirange...
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyarray_anymultirange_func(anyarray, anymultirange);
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(anyelement)
+  returns anymultirange as 'select int4multirange(int4range(1,10))' language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anymultirange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(int)
+  returns anymultirange as 'select int4multirange(int4range(1,10))' language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anymultirange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
+create function range_add_bounds(anymultirange)
+  returns anyelement as 'select lower($1) + upper($1)' language sql;
+select range_add_bounds(int4multirange(int4range(1, 17)));
+ range_add_bounds 
+------------------
+               18
+(1 row)
+
+select range_add_bounds(nummultirange(numrange(1.0001, 123.123)));
+ range_add_bounds 
+------------------
+         124.1231
+(1 row)
+
+create function multirangetypes_sql(q anymultirange, b anyarray, out c anyelement)
+  as $$ select upper($1) + $2[1] $$
+  language sql;
+select multirangetypes_sql(int4multirange(int4range(1,10)), ARRAY[2,20]);
+ multirangetypes_sql 
+---------------------
+                  12
+(1 row)
+
+select multirangetypes_sql(nummultirange(numrange(1,10)), ARRAY[2,20]);  -- match failure
+ERROR:  function multirangetypes_sql(nummultirange, integer[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select multirangetypes_sql(nummultirange(numrange(1,10)), AR...
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+create function anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(a anycompatiblearray, mr anycompatiblemultirange)
+  returns anycompatible as 'select $1[1] + lower($2);' language sql;
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(ARRAY[1,2], multirange(int4range(10,20)));
+ anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func 
+-------------------------------------------------
+                                              11
+(1 row)
+
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(ARRAY[1,2], multirange(numrange(10,20)));
+ anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func 
+-------------------------------------------------
+                                              11
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(ARRAY[1.1,2], multirange(int4range(10,20)));
+ERROR:  function anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(numeric[], int4multirange) does not exist
+LINE 1: select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(ARRAY...
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(anycompatiblearray, anycompatiblemultirange);
+create function anycompatiblerange_anycompatiblemultirange_func(r anycompatiblerange, mr anycompatiblemultirange)
+  returns anycompatible as 'select lower($1) + lower($2);' language sql;
+select anycompatiblerange_anycompatiblemultirange_func(int4range(1,2), multirange(int4range(10,20)));
+ anycompatiblerange_anycompatiblemultirange_func 
+-------------------------------------------------
+                                              11
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+select anycompatiblerange_anycompatiblemultirange_func(numrange(1,2), multirange(int4range(10,20)));
+ERROR:  function anycompatiblerange_anycompatiblemultirange_func(numrange, int4multirange) does not exist
+LINE 1: select anycompatiblerange_anycompatiblemultirange_func(numra...
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anycompatiblerange_anycompatiblemultirange_func(anycompatiblerange, anycompatiblemultirange);
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(anycompatible)
+  returns anycompatiblerange as 'select int4range(1,10)' language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatiblerange requires at least one input of type anycompatiblerange or anycompatiblemultirange.
+--
+-- Arrays of multiranges
+--
+select ARRAY[nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 1.2)), nummultirange(numrange(12.3, 155.5))];
+              array               
+----------------------------------
+ {"{[1.1,1.2)}","{[12.3,155.5)}"}
+(1 row)
+
+create table i8mr_array (f1 int, f2 int8multirange[]);
+insert into i8mr_array values (42, array[int8multirange(int8range(1,10)), int8multirange(int8range(2,20))]);
+select * from i8mr_array;
+ f1 |           f2            
+----+-------------------------
+ 42 | {"{[1,10)}","{[2,20)}"}
+(1 row)
+
+drop table i8mr_array;
+--
+-- Multiranges of arrays
+--
+select arraymultirange(arrayrange(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[2,1]));
+   arraymultirange   
+---------------------
+ {["{1,2}","{2,1}")}
+(1 row)
+
+select arraymultirange(arrayrange(ARRAY[2,1], ARRAY[1,2]));  -- fail
+ERROR:  range lower bound must be less than or equal to range upper bound
+select array[1,1] <@ arraymultirange(arrayrange(array[1,2], array[2,1]));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select array[1,3] <@ arraymultirange(arrayrange(array[1,2], array[2,1]));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Ranges of composites
+--
+create type two_ints as (a int, b int);
+create type two_ints_range as range (subtype = two_ints);
+-- with force_parallel_mode on, this exercises tqueue.c's range remapping
+select *, row_to_json(upper(t)) as u from
+  (values (two_ints_multirange(two_ints_range(row(1,2), row(3,4)))),
+          (two_ints_multirange(two_ints_range(row(5,6), row(7,8))))) v(t);
+          t          |       u       
+---------------------+---------------
+ {["(1,2)","(3,4)")} | {"a":3,"b":4}
+ {["(5,6)","(7,8)")} | {"a":7,"b":8}
+(2 rows)
+
+drop type two_ints cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to type two_ints_range
+--
+-- Check behavior when subtype lacks a hash function
+--
+set enable_sort = off;  -- try to make it pick a hash setop implementation
+select '{(2,5)}'::cashmultirange except select '{(5,6)}'::cashmultirange;
+ cashmultirange  
+-----------------
+ {($2.00,$5.00)}
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_sort;
+--
+-- OUT/INOUT/TABLE functions
+--
+-- infer anymultirange from anymultirange
+create function mr_outparam_succeed(i anymultirange, out r anymultirange, out t text)
+  as $$ select $1, 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+select * from mr_outparam_succeed(int4multirange(int4range(1,2)));
+    r    |  t  
+---------+-----
+ {[1,2)} | foo
+(1 row)
+
+-- infer anyarray from anymultirange
+create function mr_outparam_succeed2(i anymultirange, out r anyarray, out t text)
+  as $$ select ARRAY[upper($1)], 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+select * from mr_outparam_succeed2(int4multirange(int4range(1,2)));
+  r  |  t  
+-----+-----
+ {2} | foo
+(1 row)
+
+-- infer anyrange from anymultirange
+create function mr_outparam_succeed3(i anymultirange, out r anyrange, out t text)
+  as $$ select range_merge($1), 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+select * from mr_outparam_succeed3(int4multirange(int4range(1,2)));
+   r   |  t  
+-------+-----
+ [1,2) | foo
+(1 row)
+
+-- infer anymultirange from anyrange
+create function mr_outparam_succeed4(i anyrange, out r anymultirange, out t text)
+  as $$ select multirange($1), 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+select * from mr_outparam_succeed4(int4range(1,2));
+    r    |  t  
+---------+-----
+ {[1,2)} | foo
+(1 row)
+
+-- infer anyelement from anymultirange
+create function mr_inoutparam_succeed(out i anyelement, inout r anymultirange)
+  as $$ select upper($1), $1 $$ language sql;
+select * from mr_inoutparam_succeed(int4multirange(int4range(1,2)));
+ i |    r    
+---+---------
+ 2 | {[1,2)}
+(1 row)
+
+-- infer anyelement+anymultirange from anyelement+anymultirange
+create function mr_table_succeed(i anyelement, r anymultirange) returns table(i anyelement, r anymultirange)
+  as $$ select $1, $2 $$ language sql;
+select * from mr_table_succeed(123, int4multirange(int4range(1,11)));
+  i  |    r     
+-----+----------
+ 123 | {[1,11)}
+(1 row)
+
+-- use anymultirange in plpgsql
+create function mr_polymorphic(i anyrange) returns anymultirange
+  as $$ begin return multirange($1); end; $$ language plpgsql;
+select mr_polymorphic(int4range(1, 4));
+ mr_polymorphic 
+----------------
+ {[1,4)}
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+create function mr_outparam_fail(i anyelement, out r anymultirange, out t text)
+  as $$ select '[1,10]', 'foo' $$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anymultirange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
+--should fail
+create function mr_inoutparam_fail(inout i anyelement, out r anymultirange)
+  as $$ select $1, '[1,10]' $$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anymultirange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
+--should fail
+create function mr_table_fail(i anyelement) returns table(i anyelement, r anymultirange)
+  as $$ select $1, '[1,10]' $$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anymultirange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/mvcc.out b/src/test/regress/expected/mvcc.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16ed4dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/mvcc.out
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+--
+-- Verify that index scans encountering dead rows produced by an
+-- aborted subtransaction of the current transaction can utilize the
+-- kill_prio_tuple optimization
+--
+-- NB: The table size is currently *not* expected to stay the same, we
+-- don't have logic to trigger opportunistic pruning in cases like
+-- this.
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexonlyscan = false;
+SET LOCAL enable_bitmapscan = false;
+-- Can't easily use a unique index, since dead tuples can be found
+-- independent of the kill_prior_tuples optimization.
+CREATE TABLE clean_aborted_self(key int, data text);
+CREATE INDEX clean_aborted_self_key ON clean_aborted_self(key);
+INSERT INTO clean_aborted_self (key, data) VALUES (-1, 'just to allocate metapage');
+-- save index size from before the changes, for comparison
+SELECT pg_relation_size('clean_aborted_self_key') AS clean_aborted_self_key_before \gset
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+    -- iterate often enough to see index growth even on larger-than-default page sizes
+    FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP
+        BEGIN
+	    -- perform index scan over all the inserted keys to get them to be seen as dead
+            IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM clean_aborted_self WHERE key > 0 AND key < 100) THEN
+	        RAISE data_corrupted USING MESSAGE = 'these rows should not exist';
+            END IF;
+            INSERT INTO clean_aborted_self SELECT g.i, 'rolling back in a sec' FROM generate_series(1, 100) g(i);
+	    -- just some error that's not normally thrown
+	    RAISE reading_sql_data_not_permitted USING MESSAGE = 'round and round again';
+	EXCEPTION WHEN reading_sql_data_not_permitted THEN END;
+    END LOOP;
+END;$$;
+-- show sizes only if they differ
+SELECT :clean_aborted_self_key_before AS size_before, pg_relation_size('clean_aborted_self_key') size_after
+WHERE :clean_aborted_self_key_before != pg_relation_size('clean_aborted_self_key');
+ size_before | size_after 
+-------------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/name.out b/src/test/regress/expected/name.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d58df2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/name.out
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+--
+-- NAME
+-- all inputs are silently truncated at NAMEDATALEN-1 (63) characters
+--
+-- fixed-length by reference
+SELECT name 'name string' = name 'name string' AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name 'name string' = name 'name string ' AS "False";
+ False 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+--
+--
+--
+CREATE TABLE NAME_TBL(f1 name);
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR');
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqr');
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdfghjkl;');
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('343f%2a');
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('d34aaasdf');
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ');
+SELECT * FROM NAME_TBL;
+                               f1                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+ 1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890abcdefghijklmnopq
+ asdfghjkl;
+ 343f%2a
+ d34aaasdf
+ 
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 <> '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+                               f1                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890abcdefghijklmnopq
+ asdfghjkl;
+ 343f%2a
+ d34aaasdf
+ 
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 = '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+                               f1                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 < '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+ f1 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 <= '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+                               f1                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+ 
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 > '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+                               f1                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890abcdefghijklmnopq
+ asdfghjkl;
+ 343f%2a
+ d34aaasdf
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 >= '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+                               f1                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+ 1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890abcdefghijklmnopq
+ asdfghjkl;
+ 343f%2a
+ d34aaasdf
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 ~ '.*';
+                               f1                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+ 1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890abcdefghijklmnopq
+ asdfghjkl;
+ 343f%2a
+ d34aaasdf
+ 
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 !~ '.*';
+ f1 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 ~ '[0-9]';
+                               f1                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+ 1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890abcdefghijklmnopq
+ 343f%2a
+ d34aaasdf
+ 1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 ~ '.*asdf.*';
+     f1     
+------------
+ asdfghjkl;
+ d34aaasdf
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE NAME_TBL;
+DO $$
+DECLARE r text[];
+BEGIN
+  r := parse_ident('Schemax.Tabley');
+  RAISE NOTICE '%', format('%I.%I', r[1], r[2]);
+  r := parse_ident('"SchemaX"."TableY"');
+  RAISE NOTICE '%', format('%I.%I', r[1], r[2]);
+END;
+$$;
+NOTICE:  schemax.tabley
+NOTICE:  "SchemaX"."TableY"
+SELECT parse_ident('foo.boo');
+ parse_ident 
+-------------
+ {foo,boo}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT parse_ident('foo.boo[]'); -- should fail
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: "foo.boo[]"
+SELECT parse_ident('foo.boo[]', strict => false); -- ok
+ parse_ident 
+-------------
+ {foo,boo}
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+SELECT parse_ident(' ');
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: " "
+SELECT parse_ident(' .aaa');
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: " .aaa"
+DETAIL:  No valid identifier before ".".
+SELECT parse_ident(' aaa . ');
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: " aaa . "
+DETAIL:  No valid identifier after ".".
+SELECT parse_ident('aaa.a%b');
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: "aaa.a%b"
+SELECT parse_ident(E'X\rXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX');
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: "X
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
+SELECT length(a[1]), length(a[2]) from parse_ident('"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx".yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy') as a ;
+ length | length 
+--------+--------
+    414 |    289
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT parse_ident(' first . "  second  " ."   third   ". "  ' || repeat('x',66) || '"');
+                                                parse_ident                                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {first,"  second  ","   third   ","  xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT parse_ident(' first . "  second  " ."   third   ". "  ' || repeat('x',66) || '"')::name[];
+                                             parse_ident                                              
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {first,"  second  ","   third   ","  xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT parse_ident(E'"c".X XXXX\002XXXXXX');
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: ""c".X XXXXXXXXXX"
+SELECT parse_ident('1020');
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: "1020"
+SELECT parse_ident('10.20');
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: "10.20"
+SELECT parse_ident('.');
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: "."
+DETAIL:  No valid identifier before ".".
+SELECT parse_ident('.1020');
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: ".1020"
+DETAIL:  No valid identifier before ".".
+SELECT parse_ident('xxx.1020');
+ERROR:  string is not a valid identifier: "xxx.1020"
+DETAIL:  No valid identifier after ".".
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/namespace.out b/src/test/regress/expected/namespace.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a62fd8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/namespace.out
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+--
+-- Regression tests for schemas (namespaces)
+--
+-- set the whitespace-only search_path to test that the
+-- GUC list syntax is preserved during a schema creation
+SELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', ' ', false);
+ set_config 
+------------
+  
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE SCHEMA test_ns_schema_1
+       CREATE UNIQUE INDEX abc_a_idx ON abc (a)
+       CREATE VIEW abc_view AS
+              SELECT a+1 AS a, b+1 AS b FROM abc
+       CREATE TABLE abc (
+              a serial,
+              b int UNIQUE
+       );
+-- verify that the correct search_path restored on abort
+SET search_path to public;
+BEGIN;
+SET search_path to public, test_ns_schema_1;
+CREATE SCHEMA test_ns_schema_2
+       CREATE VIEW abc_view AS SELECT c FROM abc;
+ERROR:  column "c" does not exist
+LINE 2:        CREATE VIEW abc_view AS SELECT c FROM abc;
+                                              ^
+COMMIT;
+SHOW search_path;
+ search_path 
+-------------
+ public
+(1 row)
+
+-- verify that the correct search_path preserved
+-- after creating the schema and on commit
+BEGIN;
+SET search_path to public, test_ns_schema_1;
+CREATE SCHEMA test_ns_schema_2
+       CREATE VIEW abc_view AS SELECT a FROM abc;
+SHOW search_path;
+       search_path        
+--------------------------
+ public, test_ns_schema_1
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+SHOW search_path;
+       search_path        
+--------------------------
+ public, test_ns_schema_1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP SCHEMA test_ns_schema_2 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view test_ns_schema_2.abc_view
+-- verify that the objects were created
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_class WHERE relnamespace =
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'test_ns_schema_1');
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO test_ns_schema_1.abc DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO test_ns_schema_1.abc DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO test_ns_schema_1.abc DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM test_ns_schema_1.abc;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 |  
+ 2 |  
+ 3 |  
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM test_ns_schema_1.abc_view;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 2 |  
+ 3 |  
+ 4 |  
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER SCHEMA test_ns_schema_1 RENAME TO test_ns_schema_renamed;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_class WHERE relnamespace =
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'test_ns_schema_1');
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- test IF NOT EXISTS cases
+CREATE SCHEMA test_ns_schema_renamed; -- fail, already exists
+ERROR:  schema "test_ns_schema_renamed" already exists
+CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS test_ns_schema_renamed; -- ok with notice
+NOTICE:  schema "test_ns_schema_renamed" already exists, skipping
+CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS test_ns_schema_renamed -- fail, disallowed
+       CREATE TABLE abc (
+              a serial,
+              b int UNIQUE
+       );
+ERROR:  CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS cannot include schema elements
+LINE 2:        CREATE TABLE abc (
+               ^
+DROP SCHEMA test_ns_schema_renamed CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table test_ns_schema_renamed.abc
+drop cascades to view test_ns_schema_renamed.abc_view
+-- verify that the objects were dropped
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_class WHERE relnamespace =
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'test_ns_schema_renamed');
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/numeric.out b/src/test/regress/expected/numeric.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea11fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/numeric.out
@@ -0,0 +1,3345 @@
+--
+-- NUMERIC
+--
+CREATE TABLE num_data (id int4, val numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_add (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_sub (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_div (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_mul (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_sqrt (id int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_ln (id int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_log10 (id int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_power_10_ln (id int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_result (id1 int4, id2 int4, result numeric(210,10));
+-- ******************************
+-- * The following EXPECTED results are computed by bc(1)
+-- * with a scale of 200
+-- ******************************
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,2,'-34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,2,'34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,2,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,2,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,3,'4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,3,'-4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,3,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,3,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,4,'7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,4,'-7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,4,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,4,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,5,'16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,5,'-16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,5,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,5,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,6,'93901.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,6,'-93901.57763026');
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+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,2,'855948866655588.453741509242968740');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,2,'.72591434384152961526');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,3,'-24926799.735047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,3,'-24926808.355047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,3,'-107434525.43415438020');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,3,'-5783481.21694835730858468677');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,4,'-17127342.633147420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,4,'-32726265.456947420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,4,'-194415646271340.1815956522980');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,4,'-3.19596478892958416484');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,5,'-24910407.006556420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,5,'-24943201.083538420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,5,'-408725765384.257043660243220');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,5,'-1520.20159364322004505807');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,6,'-24832902.467417160');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,6,'-25020705.622677680');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,6,'-2340666225110.29929521292692920');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,6,'-265.45671195426965751280');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,7,'-107955289.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,7,'58101680.954952580');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,7,'2069634775752159.035758700');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,7,'.30021990699995814689');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,8,'-24851923.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,8,'-25001685.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,8,'-1866544013697.195857020');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,8,'-332.88556569820675471748');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,9,'-49853608.090094840');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,9,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,9,'621345559900192.420120630048656400');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,9,'1.00000000000000000000');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (2,'5859.90547836712524903505');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (3,'2.07605394920266944396');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (4,'2792.75158435189147418923');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (5,'128.05092147657509145473');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (6,'306.43364311096782703406');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (7,'9111.99676251039939975230');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (8,'273.64392922189960397542');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (9,'4992.67503899937593364766');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (2,'17.35177750493897715514');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (3,'1.46093790411565641971');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (4,'15.86956523951936572464');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (5,'9.70485601768871834038');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (6,'11.45000246622944403127');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (7,'18.23469429965478772991');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (8,'11.22365546576315513668');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (9,'17.03145425013166006962');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (2,'7.53578122160797276459');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (3,'.63447727016073160075');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (4,'6.89206461372691743345');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (5,'4.21476541614777768626');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (6,'4.97267288886207207671');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (7,'7.91922711353275546914');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (8,'4.87437163556421004138');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (9,'7.39666659961986567059');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (2,'224790267919917955.13261618583642653184');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (3,'28.90266599445155957393');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (4,'7405685069594999.07733999469386277636');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (5,'5068226527.32127265408584640098');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (6,'281839893606.99372343357047819067');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (7,'1716699575118597095.42330819910640247627');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (8,'167361463828.07491320069016125952');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (9,'107511333880052007.04141124673540337457');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (0, '0');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (1, '0');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (2, '-34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (3, '4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (4, '7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (5, '16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (6, '93901.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (7, '-83028485');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (8, '74881');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (9, '-24926804.045047420');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+-- ******************************
+-- * Create indices for faster checks
+-- ******************************
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_add_idx ON num_exp_add (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_sub_idx ON num_exp_sub (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_div_idx ON num_exp_div (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_mul_idx ON num_exp_mul (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_sqrt_idx ON num_exp_sqrt (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_ln_idx ON num_exp_ln (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_log10_idx ON num_exp_log10 (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_power_10_ln_idx ON num_exp_power_10_ln (id);
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_add;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_sub;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_div;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_mul;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_sqrt;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_ln;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_log10;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_power_10_ln;
+-- ******************************
+-- * Now check the behaviour of the NUMERIC type
+-- ******************************
+-- ******************************
+-- * Addition check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val + t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_add t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val + t2.val, 10)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 10) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_add t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 10);
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Subtraction check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val - t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sub t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val - t2.val, 40)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 40)
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sub t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 40);
+ id1 | id2 | result | round 
+-----+-----+--------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Multiply check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val * t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_mul t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val * t2.val, 30)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 30) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_mul t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 30);
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Division check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val / t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2
+    WHERE t2.val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_div t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val / t2.val, 80)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2
+    WHERE t2.val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 80) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_div t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 80);
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Square root check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, SQRT(ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sqrt t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | result | expected 
+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Natural logarithm check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, LN(ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_ln t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | result | expected 
+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Logarithm base 10 check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, LOG(numeric '10', ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_log10 t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | result | expected 
+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * POWER(10, LN(value)) check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, POWER(numeric '10', LN(ABS(round(val,200))))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_power_10_ln t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | result | expected 
+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Check behavior with Inf and NaN inputs.  It's easiest to handle these
+-- * separately from the num_data framework used above, because some input
+-- * combinations will throw errors.
+-- ******************************
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('-1'),('4.2'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x1, x2,
+  x1 + x2 AS sum,
+  x1 - x2 AS diff,
+  x1 * x2 AS prod
+FROM v AS v1(x1), v AS v2(x2);
+    x1     |    x2     |    sum    |   diff    |   prod    
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+         0 |         0 |         0 |         0 |         0
+         0 |         1 |         1 |        -1 |         0
+         0 |        -1 |        -1 |         1 |         0
+         0 |       4.2 |       4.2 |      -4.2 |       0.0
+         0 |  Infinity |  Infinity | -Infinity |       NaN
+         0 | -Infinity | -Infinity |  Infinity |       NaN
+         0 |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+         1 |         0 |         1 |         1 |         0
+         1 |         1 |         2 |         0 |         1
+         1 |        -1 |         0 |         2 |        -1
+         1 |       4.2 |       5.2 |      -3.2 |       4.2
+         1 |  Infinity |  Infinity | -Infinity |  Infinity
+         1 | -Infinity | -Infinity |  Infinity | -Infinity
+         1 |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+        -1 |         0 |        -1 |        -1 |         0
+        -1 |         1 |         0 |        -2 |        -1
+        -1 |        -1 |        -2 |         0 |         1
+        -1 |       4.2 |       3.2 |      -5.2 |      -4.2
+        -1 |  Infinity |  Infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity
+        -1 | -Infinity | -Infinity |  Infinity |  Infinity
+        -1 |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+       4.2 |         0 |       4.2 |       4.2 |       0.0
+       4.2 |         1 |       5.2 |       3.2 |       4.2
+       4.2 |        -1 |       3.2 |       5.2 |      -4.2
+       4.2 |       4.2 |       8.4 |       0.0 |     17.64
+       4.2 |  Infinity |  Infinity | -Infinity |  Infinity
+       4.2 | -Infinity | -Infinity |  Infinity | -Infinity
+       4.2 |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+  Infinity |         0 |  Infinity |  Infinity |       NaN
+  Infinity |         1 |  Infinity |  Infinity |  Infinity
+  Infinity |        -1 |  Infinity |  Infinity | -Infinity
+  Infinity |       4.2 |  Infinity |  Infinity |  Infinity
+  Infinity |  Infinity |  Infinity |       NaN |  Infinity
+  Infinity | -Infinity |       NaN |  Infinity | -Infinity
+  Infinity |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+ -Infinity |         0 | -Infinity | -Infinity |       NaN
+ -Infinity |         1 | -Infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity
+ -Infinity |        -1 | -Infinity | -Infinity |  Infinity
+ -Infinity |       4.2 | -Infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity
+ -Infinity |  Infinity |       NaN | -Infinity | -Infinity
+ -Infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity |       NaN |  Infinity
+ -Infinity |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+       NaN |         0 |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+       NaN |         1 |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+       NaN |        -1 |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+       NaN |       4.2 |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+       NaN |  Infinity |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+       NaN | -Infinity |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+       NaN |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+(49 rows)
+
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('-1'),('4.2'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x1, x2,
+  x1 / x2 AS quot,
+  x1 % x2 AS mod,
+  div(x1, x2) AS div
+FROM v AS v1(x1), v AS v2(x2) WHERE x2 != 0;
+    x1     |    x2     |          quot           | mod  |    div    
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------+------+-----------
+         0 |         1 |  0.00000000000000000000 |    0 |         0
+         1 |         1 |  1.00000000000000000000 |    0 |         1
+        -1 |         1 | -1.00000000000000000000 |    0 |        -1
+       4.2 |         1 |      4.2000000000000000 |  0.2 |         4
+  Infinity |         1 |                Infinity |  NaN |  Infinity
+ -Infinity |         1 |               -Infinity |  NaN | -Infinity
+       NaN |         1 |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+         0 |        -1 |  0.00000000000000000000 |    0 |         0
+         1 |        -1 | -1.00000000000000000000 |    0 |        -1
+        -1 |        -1 |  1.00000000000000000000 |    0 |         1
+       4.2 |        -1 |     -4.2000000000000000 |  0.2 |        -4
+  Infinity |        -1 |               -Infinity |  NaN | -Infinity
+ -Infinity |        -1 |                Infinity |  NaN |  Infinity
+       NaN |        -1 |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+         0 |       4.2 |  0.00000000000000000000 |  0.0 |         0
+         1 |       4.2 |  0.23809523809523809524 |  1.0 |         0
+        -1 |       4.2 | -0.23809523809523809524 | -1.0 |         0
+       4.2 |       4.2 |  1.00000000000000000000 |  0.0 |         1
+  Infinity |       4.2 |                Infinity |  NaN |  Infinity
+ -Infinity |       4.2 |               -Infinity |  NaN | -Infinity
+       NaN |       4.2 |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+         0 |  Infinity |                       0 |    0 |         0
+         1 |  Infinity |                       0 |    1 |         0
+        -1 |  Infinity |                       0 |   -1 |         0
+       4.2 |  Infinity |                       0 |  4.2 |         0
+  Infinity |  Infinity |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+ -Infinity |  Infinity |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+       NaN |  Infinity |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+         0 | -Infinity |                       0 |    0 |         0
+         1 | -Infinity |                       0 |    1 |         0
+        -1 | -Infinity |                       0 |   -1 |         0
+       4.2 | -Infinity |                       0 |  4.2 |         0
+  Infinity | -Infinity |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+ -Infinity | -Infinity |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+       NaN | -Infinity |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+         0 |       NaN |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+         1 |       NaN |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+        -1 |       NaN |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+       4.2 |       NaN |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+  Infinity |       NaN |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+ -Infinity |       NaN |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+       NaN |       NaN |                     NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+(42 rows)
+
+SELECT 'inf'::numeric / '0';
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT '-inf'::numeric / '0';
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT 'nan'::numeric / '0';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0'::numeric / '0';
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT 'inf'::numeric % '0';
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT '-inf'::numeric % '0';
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT 'nan'::numeric % '0';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0'::numeric % '0';
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT div('inf'::numeric, '0');
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT div('-inf'::numeric, '0');
+ERROR:  division by zero
+SELECT div('nan'::numeric, '0');
+ div 
+-----
+ NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT div('0'::numeric, '0');
+ERROR:  division by zero
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('-1'),('4.2'),('-7.777'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x, -x as minusx, abs(x), floor(x), ceil(x), sign(x), numeric_inc(x) as inc
+FROM v;
+     x     |  minusx   |   abs    |   floor   |   ceil    | sign |    inc    
+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+------+-----------
+         0 |         0 |        0 |         0 |         0 |    0 |         1
+         1 |        -1 |        1 |         1 |         1 |    1 |         2
+        -1 |         1 |        1 |        -1 |        -1 |   -1 |         0
+       4.2 |      -4.2 |      4.2 |         4 |         5 |    1 |       5.2
+    -7.777 |     7.777 |    7.777 |        -8 |        -7 |   -1 |    -6.777
+  Infinity | -Infinity | Infinity |  Infinity |  Infinity |    1 |  Infinity
+ -Infinity |  Infinity | Infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity |   -1 | -Infinity
+       NaN |       NaN |      NaN |       NaN |       NaN |  NaN |       NaN
+(8 rows)
+
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('-1'),('4.2'),('-7.777'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x, round(x), round(x,1) as round1, trunc(x), trunc(x,1) as trunc1
+FROM v;
+     x     |   round   |  round1   |   trunc   |  trunc1   
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+         0 |         0 |       0.0 |         0 |       0.0
+         1 |         1 |       1.0 |         1 |       1.0
+        -1 |        -1 |      -1.0 |        -1 |      -1.0
+       4.2 |         4 |       4.2 |         4 |       4.2
+    -7.777 |        -8 |      -7.8 |        -7 |      -7.7
+  Infinity |  Infinity |  Infinity |  Infinity |  Infinity
+ -Infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity | -Infinity
+       NaN |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN |       NaN
+(8 rows)
+
+-- the large values fall into the numeric abbreviation code's maximal classes
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('-1'),('4.2'),('-7.777'),('1e340'),('-1e340'),
+         ('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'),
+         ('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT substring(x::text, 1, 32)
+FROM v ORDER BY x;
+            substring             
+----------------------------------
+ -Infinity
+ -Infinity
+ -1000000000000000000000000000000
+ -7.777
+ -1
+ 0
+ 1
+ 4.2
+ 10000000000000000000000000000000
+ Infinity
+ Infinity
+ NaN
+ NaN
+(13 rows)
+
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('4.2'),('inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x, sqrt(x)
+FROM v;
+    x     |       sqrt        
+----------+-------------------
+        0 | 0.000000000000000
+        1 | 1.000000000000000
+      4.2 | 2.049390153191920
+ Infinity |          Infinity
+      NaN |               NaN
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT sqrt('-1'::numeric);
+ERROR:  cannot take square root of a negative number
+SELECT sqrt('-inf'::numeric);
+ERROR:  cannot take square root of a negative number
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('1'::numeric),('4.2'),('inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x,
+  log(x),
+  log10(x),
+  ln(x)
+FROM v;
+    x     |        log         |       log10        |         ln         
+----------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+        1 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+      4.2 | 0.6232492903979005 | 0.6232492903979005 | 1.4350845252893226
+ Infinity |           Infinity |           Infinity |           Infinity
+      NaN |                NaN |                NaN |                NaN
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ln('0'::numeric);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of zero
+SELECT ln('-1'::numeric);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+SELECT ln('-inf'::numeric);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('2'::numeric),('4.2'),('inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x1, x2,
+  log(x1, x2)
+FROM v AS v1(x1), v AS v2(x2);
+    x1    |    x2    |        log         
+----------+----------+--------------------
+        2 |        2 | 1.0000000000000000
+        2 |      4.2 | 2.0703893278913979
+        2 | Infinity |           Infinity
+        2 |      NaN |                NaN
+      4.2 |        2 | 0.4830009440873890
+      4.2 |      4.2 | 1.0000000000000000
+      4.2 | Infinity |           Infinity
+      4.2 |      NaN |                NaN
+ Infinity |        2 |                  0
+ Infinity |      4.2 |                  0
+ Infinity | Infinity |                NaN
+ Infinity |      NaN |                NaN
+      NaN |        2 |                NaN
+      NaN |      4.2 |                NaN
+      NaN | Infinity |                NaN
+      NaN |      NaN |                NaN
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT log('0'::numeric, '10');
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of zero
+SELECT log('10'::numeric, '0');
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of zero
+SELECT log('-inf'::numeric, '10');
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+SELECT log('10'::numeric, '-inf');
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+SELECT log('inf'::numeric, '0');
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of zero
+SELECT log('inf'::numeric, '-inf');
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+SELECT log('-inf'::numeric, 'inf');
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('2'),('4.2'),('inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x1, x2,
+  power(x1, x2)
+FROM v AS v1(x1), v AS v2(x2) WHERE x1 != 0 OR x2 >= 0;
+    x1    |    x2    |        power        
+----------+----------+---------------------
+        0 |        0 |  1.0000000000000000
+        0 |        1 |  0.0000000000000000
+        0 |        2 |  0.0000000000000000
+        0 |      4.2 |  0.0000000000000000
+        0 | Infinity |                   0
+        0 |      NaN |                 NaN
+        1 |        0 |  1.0000000000000000
+        1 |        1 |  1.0000000000000000
+        1 |        2 |  1.0000000000000000
+        1 |      4.2 |  1.0000000000000000
+        1 | Infinity |                   1
+        1 |      NaN |                   1
+        2 |        0 |  1.0000000000000000
+        2 |        1 |  2.0000000000000000
+        2 |        2 |  4.0000000000000000
+        2 |      4.2 |  18.379173679952560
+        2 | Infinity |            Infinity
+        2 |      NaN |                 NaN
+      4.2 |        0 |  1.0000000000000000
+      4.2 |        1 |  4.2000000000000000
+      4.2 |        2 | 17.6400000000000000
+      4.2 |      4.2 |  414.61691860129675
+      4.2 | Infinity |            Infinity
+      4.2 |      NaN |                 NaN
+ Infinity |        0 |                   1
+ Infinity |        1 |            Infinity
+ Infinity |        2 |            Infinity
+ Infinity |      4.2 |            Infinity
+ Infinity | Infinity |            Infinity
+ Infinity |      NaN |                 NaN
+      NaN |        0 |                   1
+      NaN |        1 |                 NaN
+      NaN |        2 |                 NaN
+      NaN |      4.2 |                 NaN
+      NaN | Infinity |                 NaN
+      NaN |      NaN |                 NaN
+(36 rows)
+
+SELECT power('0'::numeric, '-1');
+ERROR:  zero raised to a negative power is undefined
+SELECT power('0'::numeric, '-inf');
+ERROR:  zero raised to a negative power is undefined
+SELECT power('-1'::numeric, 'inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, '3');
+        power        
+---------------------
+ -8.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, '3.3');
+ERROR:  a negative number raised to a non-integer power yields a complex result
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, '-1');
+        power        
+---------------------
+ -0.5000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, '-1.5');
+ERROR:  a negative number raised to a non-integer power yields a complex result
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, 'inf');
+  power   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, '-inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('inf'::numeric, '-2');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('inf'::numeric, '-inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '2');
+  power   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '3');
+   power   
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '4.5');
+ERROR:  a negative number raised to a non-integer power yields a complex result
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '-2');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '-3');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '0');
+ power 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, 'inf');
+  power   
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '-inf');
+ power 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * miscellaneous checks for things that have been broken in the past...
+-- ******************************
+-- numeric AVG used to fail on some platforms
+SELECT AVG(val) FROM num_data;
+          avg           
+------------------------
+ -13430913.592242320700
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT MAX(val) FROM num_data;
+        max         
+--------------------
+ 7799461.4119000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT MIN(val) FROM num_data;
+         min          
+----------------------
+ -83028485.0000000000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT STDDEV(val) FROM num_data;
+            stddev             
+-------------------------------
+ 27791203.28758835329805617386
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT VARIANCE(val) FROM num_data;
+               variance               
+--------------------------------------
+ 772350980172061.69659105821915863601
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check for appropriate rounding and overflow
+CREATE TABLE fract_only (id int, val numeric(4,4));
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (1, '0.0');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (2, '0.1');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (3, '1.0');	-- should fail
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 4, scale 4 must round to an absolute value less than 1.
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (4, '-0.9999');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (5, '0.99994');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (6, '0.99995');  -- should fail
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 4, scale 4 must round to an absolute value less than 1.
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (7, '0.00001');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (8, '0.00017');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (9, 'NaN');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (10, 'Inf');	-- should fail
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 4, scale 4 cannot hold an infinite value.
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (11, '-Inf');	-- should fail
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 4, scale 4 cannot hold an infinite value.
+SELECT * FROM fract_only;
+ id |   val   
+----+---------
+  1 |  0.0000
+  2 |  0.1000
+  4 | -0.9999
+  5 |  0.9999
+  7 |  0.0000
+  8 |  0.0002
+  9 |     NaN
+(7 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE fract_only;
+-- Check conversion to integers
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808.5)::int8; -- should fail
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808.4)::int8; -- ok
+         int8         
+----------------------
+ -9223372036854775808
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 9223372036854775807.4::int8; -- ok
+        int8         
+---------------------
+ 9223372036854775807
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 9223372036854775807.5::int8; -- should fail
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT (-2147483648.5)::int4; -- should fail
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT (-2147483648.4)::int4; -- ok
+    int4     
+-------------
+ -2147483648
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2147483647.4::int4; -- ok
+    int4    
+------------
+ 2147483647
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2147483647.5::int4; -- should fail
+ERROR:  integer out of range
+SELECT (-32768.5)::int2; -- should fail
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+SELECT (-32768.4)::int2; -- ok
+  int2  
+--------
+ -32768
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 32767.4::int2; -- ok
+ int2  
+-------
+ 32767
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 32767.5::int2; -- should fail
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+-- Check inf/nan conversion behavior
+SELECT 'NaN'::float8::numeric;
+ numeric 
+---------
+     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float8::numeric;
+ numeric  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-Infinity'::float8::numeric;
+  numeric  
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'NaN'::numeric::float8;
+ float8 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Infinity'::numeric::float8;
+  float8  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-Infinity'::numeric::float8;
+  float8   
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'NaN'::float4::numeric;
+ numeric 
+---------
+     NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float4::numeric;
+ numeric  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-Infinity'::float4::numeric;
+  numeric  
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'NaN'::numeric::float4;
+ float4 
+--------
+    NaN
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Infinity'::numeric::float4;
+  float4  
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '-Infinity'::numeric::float4;
+  float4   
+-----------
+ -Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '42'::int2::numeric;
+ numeric 
+---------
+      42
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'NaN'::numeric::int2;
+ERROR:  cannot convert NaN to smallint
+SELECT 'Infinity'::numeric::int2;
+ERROR:  cannot convert infinity to smallint
+SELECT '-Infinity'::numeric::int2;
+ERROR:  cannot convert infinity to smallint
+SELECT 'NaN'::numeric::int4;
+ERROR:  cannot convert NaN to integer
+SELECT 'Infinity'::numeric::int4;
+ERROR:  cannot convert infinity to integer
+SELECT '-Infinity'::numeric::int4;
+ERROR:  cannot convert infinity to integer
+SELECT 'NaN'::numeric::int8;
+ERROR:  cannot convert NaN to bigint
+SELECT 'Infinity'::numeric::int8;
+ERROR:  cannot convert infinity to bigint
+SELECT '-Infinity'::numeric::int8;
+ERROR:  cannot convert infinity to bigint
+-- Simple check that ceil(), floor(), and round() work correctly
+CREATE TABLE ceil_floor_round (a numeric);
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-5.5');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-5.499999');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('9.5');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('9.4999999');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('0.0');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('0.0000001');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-0.000001');
+SELECT a, ceil(a), ceiling(a), floor(a), round(a) FROM ceil_floor_round;
+     a     | ceil | ceiling | floor | round 
+-----------+------+---------+-------+-------
+      -5.5 |   -5 |      -5 |    -6 |    -6
+ -5.499999 |   -5 |      -5 |    -6 |    -5
+       9.5 |   10 |      10 |     9 |    10
+ 9.4999999 |   10 |      10 |     9 |     9
+       0.0 |    0 |       0 |     0 |     0
+ 0.0000001 |    1 |       1 |     0 |     0
+ -0.000001 |    0 |       0 |    -1 |     0
+(7 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE ceil_floor_round;
+-- Check rounding, it should round ties away from zero.
+SELECT i as pow,
+	round((-2.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i),
+	round((-1.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i),
+	round((-0.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i),
+	round((0.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i),
+	round((1.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i),
+	round((2.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i)
+FROM generate_series(-5,5) AS t(i);
+ pow |  round   |  round   |  round   |  round  |  round  |  round  
+-----+----------+----------+----------+---------+---------+---------
+  -5 | -0.00003 | -0.00002 | -0.00001 | 0.00001 | 0.00002 | 0.00003
+  -4 |  -0.0003 |  -0.0002 |  -0.0001 |  0.0001 |  0.0002 |  0.0003
+  -3 |   -0.003 |   -0.002 |   -0.001 |   0.001 |   0.002 |   0.003
+  -2 |    -0.03 |    -0.02 |    -0.01 |    0.01 |    0.02 |    0.03
+  -1 |     -0.3 |     -0.2 |     -0.1 |     0.1 |     0.2 |     0.3
+   0 |       -3 |       -2 |       -1 |       1 |       2 |       3
+   1 |      -30 |      -20 |      -10 |      10 |      20 |      30
+   2 |     -300 |     -200 |     -100 |     100 |     200 |     300
+   3 |    -3000 |    -2000 |    -1000 |    1000 |    2000 |    3000
+   4 |   -30000 |   -20000 |   -10000 |   10000 |   20000 |   30000
+   5 |  -300000 |  -200000 |  -100000 |  100000 |  200000 |  300000
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Testing for width_bucket(). For convenience, we test both the
+-- numeric and float8 versions of the function in this file.
+-- errors
+SELECT width_bucket(5.0, 3.0, 4.0, 0);
+ERROR:  count must be greater than zero
+SELECT width_bucket(5.0, 3.0, 4.0, -5);
+ERROR:  count must be greater than zero
+SELECT width_bucket(3.5, 3.0, 3.0, 888);
+ERROR:  lower bound cannot equal upper bound
+SELECT width_bucket(5.0::float8, 3.0::float8, 4.0::float8, 0);
+ERROR:  count must be greater than zero
+SELECT width_bucket(5.0::float8, 3.0::float8, 4.0::float8, -5);
+ERROR:  count must be greater than zero
+SELECT width_bucket(3.5::float8, 3.0::float8, 3.0::float8, 888);
+ERROR:  lower bound cannot equal upper bound
+SELECT width_bucket('NaN', 3.0, 4.0, 888);
+ERROR:  operand, lower bound, and upper bound cannot be NaN
+SELECT width_bucket(0::float8, 'NaN', 4.0::float8, 888);
+ERROR:  operand, lower bound, and upper bound cannot be NaN
+SELECT width_bucket(2.0, 3.0, '-inf', 888);
+ERROR:  lower and upper bounds must be finite
+SELECT width_bucket(0::float8, '-inf', 4.0::float8, 888);
+ERROR:  lower and upper bounds must be finite
+-- normal operation
+CREATE TABLE width_bucket_test (operand_num numeric, operand_f8 float8);
+COPY width_bucket_test (operand_num) FROM stdin;
+UPDATE width_bucket_test SET operand_f8 = operand_num::float8;
+SELECT
+    operand_num,
+    width_bucket(operand_num, 0, 10, 5) AS wb_1,
+    width_bucket(operand_f8, 0, 10, 5) AS wb_1f,
+    width_bucket(operand_num, 10, 0, 5) AS wb_2,
+    width_bucket(operand_f8, 10, 0, 5) AS wb_2f,
+    width_bucket(operand_num, 2, 8, 4) AS wb_3,
+    width_bucket(operand_f8, 2, 8, 4) AS wb_3f,
+    width_bucket(operand_num, 5.0, 5.5, 20) AS wb_4,
+    width_bucket(operand_f8, 5.0, 5.5, 20) AS wb_4f,
+    width_bucket(operand_num, -25, 25, 10) AS wb_5,
+    width_bucket(operand_f8, -25, 25, 10) AS wb_5f
+    FROM width_bucket_test;
+   operand_num    | wb_1 | wb_1f | wb_2 | wb_2f | wb_3 | wb_3f | wb_4 | wb_4f | wb_5 | wb_5f 
+------------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------
+             -5.2 |    0 |     0 |    6 |     6 |    0 |     0 |    0 |     0 |    4 |     4
+    -0.0000000001 |    0 |     0 |    6 |     6 |    0 |     0 |    0 |     0 |    5 |     5
+   0.000000000001 |    1 |     1 |    5 |     5 |    0 |     0 |    0 |     0 |    6 |     6
+                1 |    1 |     1 |    5 |     5 |    0 |     0 |    0 |     0 |    6 |     6
+ 1.99999999999999 |    1 |     1 |    5 |     5 |    0 |     0 |    0 |     0 |    6 |     6
+                2 |    2 |     2 |    5 |     5 |    1 |     1 |    0 |     0 |    6 |     6
+ 2.00000000000001 |    2 |     2 |    4 |     4 |    1 |     1 |    0 |     0 |    6 |     6
+                3 |    2 |     2 |    4 |     4 |    1 |     1 |    0 |     0 |    6 |     6
+                4 |    3 |     3 |    4 |     4 |    2 |     2 |    0 |     0 |    6 |     6
+              4.5 |    3 |     3 |    3 |     3 |    2 |     2 |    0 |     0 |    6 |     6
+                5 |    3 |     3 |    3 |     3 |    3 |     3 |    1 |     1 |    7 |     7
+              5.5 |    3 |     3 |    3 |     3 |    3 |     3 |   21 |    21 |    7 |     7
+                6 |    4 |     4 |    3 |     3 |    3 |     3 |   21 |    21 |    7 |     7
+                7 |    4 |     4 |    2 |     2 |    4 |     4 |   21 |    21 |    7 |     7
+                8 |    5 |     5 |    2 |     2 |    5 |     5 |   21 |    21 |    7 |     7
+                9 |    5 |     5 |    1 |     1 |    5 |     5 |   21 |    21 |    7 |     7
+ 9.99999999999999 |    5 |     5 |    1 |     1 |    5 |     5 |   21 |    21 |    7 |     7
+               10 |    6 |     6 |    1 |     1 |    5 |     5 |   21 |    21 |    8 |     8
+ 10.0000000000001 |    6 |     6 |    0 |     0 |    5 |     5 |   21 |    21 |    8 |     8
+(19 rows)
+
+-- Check positive and negative infinity: we require
+-- finite bucket bounds, but allow an infinite operand
+SELECT width_bucket(0.0::numeric, 'Infinity'::numeric, 5, 10); -- error
+ERROR:  lower and upper bounds must be finite
+SELECT width_bucket(0.0::numeric, 5, '-Infinity'::numeric, 20); -- error
+ERROR:  lower and upper bounds must be finite
+SELECT width_bucket('Infinity'::numeric, 1, 10, 10),
+       width_bucket('-Infinity'::numeric, 1, 10, 10);
+ width_bucket | width_bucket 
+--------------+--------------
+           11 |            0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT width_bucket(0.0::float8, 'Infinity'::float8, 5, 10); -- error
+ERROR:  lower and upper bounds must be finite
+SELECT width_bucket(0.0::float8, 5, '-Infinity'::float8, 20); -- error
+ERROR:  lower and upper bounds must be finite
+SELECT width_bucket('Infinity'::float8, 1, 10, 10),
+       width_bucket('-Infinity'::float8, 1, 10, 10);
+ width_bucket | width_bucket 
+--------------+--------------
+           11 |            0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE width_bucket_test;
+-- Simple test for roundoff error when results should be exact
+SELECT x, width_bucket(x::float8, 10, 100, 9) as flt,
+       width_bucket(x::numeric, 10, 100, 9) as num
+FROM generate_series(0, 110, 10) x;
+  x  | flt | num 
+-----+-----+-----
+   0 |   0 |   0
+  10 |   1 |   1
+  20 |   2 |   2
+  30 |   3 |   3
+  40 |   4 |   4
+  50 |   5 |   5
+  60 |   6 |   6
+  70 |   7 |   7
+  80 |   8 |   8
+  90 |   9 |   9
+ 100 |  10 |  10
+ 110 |  10 |  10
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT x, width_bucket(x::float8, 100, 10, 9) as flt,
+       width_bucket(x::numeric, 100, 10, 9) as num
+FROM generate_series(0, 110, 10) x;
+  x  | flt | num 
+-----+-----+-----
+   0 |  10 |  10
+  10 |  10 |  10
+  20 |   9 |   9
+  30 |   8 |   8
+  40 |   7 |   7
+  50 |   6 |   6
+  60 |   5 |   5
+  70 |   4 |   4
+  80 |   3 |   3
+  90 |   2 |   2
+ 100 |   1 |   1
+ 110 |   0 |   0
+(12 rows)
+
+--
+-- TO_CHAR()
+--
+SELECT to_char(val, '9G999G999G999G999G999')
+	FROM num_data;
+        to_char         
+------------------------
+                      0
+                      0
+            -34,338,492
+                      4
+              7,799,461
+                 16,397
+                 93,902
+            -83,028,485
+                 74,881
+            -24,926,804
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, '9G999G999G999G999G999D999G999G999G999G999')
+	FROM num_data;
+                  to_char                   
+--------------------------------------------
+                       .000,000,000,000,000
+                       .000,000,000,000,000
+            -34,338,492.215,397,047,000,000
+                      4.310,000,000,000,000
+              7,799,461.411,900,000,000,000
+                 16,397.038,491,000,000,000
+                 93,901.577,630,260,000,000
+            -83,028,485.000,000,000,000,000
+                 74,881.000,000,000,000,000
+            -24,926,804.045,047,420,000,000
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, '9999999999999999.999999999999999PR')
+	FROM num_data;
+              to_char               
+------------------------------------
+                  .000000000000000 
+                  .000000000000000 
+         <34338492.215397047000000>
+                 4.310000000000000 
+           7799461.411900000000000 
+             16397.038491000000000 
+             93901.577630260000000 
+         <83028485.000000000000000>
+             74881.000000000000000 
+         <24926804.045047420000000>
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, '9999999999999999.999999999999999S')
+	FROM num_data;
+              to_char              
+-----------------------------------
+                 .000000000000000+
+                 .000000000000000+
+         34338492.215397047000000-
+                4.310000000000000+
+          7799461.411900000000000+
+            16397.038491000000000+
+            93901.577630260000000+
+         83028485.000000000000000-
+            74881.000000000000000+
+         24926804.045047420000000-
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'MI9999999999999999.999999999999999')     FROM num_data;
+              to_char              
+-----------------------------------
+                  .000000000000000
+                  .000000000000000
+ -        34338492.215397047000000
+                 4.310000000000000
+           7799461.411900000000000
+             16397.038491000000000
+             93901.577630260000000
+ -        83028485.000000000000000
+             74881.000000000000000
+ -        24926804.045047420000000
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FMS9999999999999999.999999999999999')    FROM num_data;
+       to_char       
+---------------------
+ +0.
+ +0.
+ -34338492.215397047
+ +4.31
+ +7799461.4119
+ +16397.038491
+ +93901.57763026
+ -83028485.
+ +74881.
+ -24926804.04504742
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999999999999.999999999999999THPR') FROM num_data;
+       to_char        
+----------------------
+ 0.
+ 0.
+ <34338492.215397047>
+ 4.31
+ 7799461.4119
+ 16397.038491
+ 93901.57763026
+ <83028485.>
+ 74881.
+ <24926804.04504742>
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'SG9999999999999999.999999999999999th')   FROM num_data;
+              to_char              
+-----------------------------------
+ +                .000000000000000
+ +                .000000000000000
+ -        34338492.215397047000000
+ +               4.310000000000000
+ +         7799461.411900000000000
+ +           16397.038491000000000
+ +           93901.577630260000000
+ -        83028485.000000000000000
+ +           74881.000000000000000
+ -        24926804.045047420000000
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, '0999999999999999.999999999999999')       FROM num_data;
+              to_char              
+-----------------------------------
+  0000000000000000.000000000000000
+  0000000000000000.000000000000000
+ -0000000034338492.215397047000000
+  0000000000000004.310000000000000
+  0000000007799461.411900000000000
+  0000000000016397.038491000000000
+  0000000000093901.577630260000000
+ -0000000083028485.000000000000000
+  0000000000074881.000000000000000
+ -0000000024926804.045047420000000
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'S0999999999999999.999999999999999')      FROM num_data;
+              to_char              
+-----------------------------------
+ +0000000000000000.000000000000000
+ +0000000000000000.000000000000000
+ -0000000034338492.215397047000000
+ +0000000000000004.310000000000000
+ +0000000007799461.411900000000000
+ +0000000000016397.038491000000000
+ +0000000000093901.577630260000000
+ -0000000083028485.000000000000000
+ +0000000000074881.000000000000000
+ -0000000024926804.045047420000000
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM0999999999999999.999999999999999')     FROM num_data;
+           to_char           
+-----------------------------
+ 0000000000000000.
+ 0000000000000000.
+ -0000000034338492.215397047
+ 0000000000000004.31
+ 0000000007799461.4119
+ 0000000000016397.038491
+ 0000000000093901.57763026
+ -0000000083028485.
+ 0000000000074881.
+ -0000000024926804.04504742
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999999999999.099999999999999') 	FROM num_data;
+       to_char       
+---------------------
+ .0
+ .0
+ -34338492.215397047
+ 4.31
+ 7799461.4119
+ 16397.038491
+ 93901.57763026
+ -83028485.0
+ 74881.0
+ -24926804.04504742
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999999990999.990999999999999') 	FROM num_data;
+       to_char       
+---------------------
+ 0000.000
+ 0000.000
+ -34338492.215397047
+ 0004.310
+ 7799461.4119
+ 16397.038491
+ 93901.57763026
+ -83028485.000
+ 74881.000
+ -24926804.04504742
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM0999999999999999.999909999999999') 	FROM num_data;
+           to_char           
+-----------------------------
+ 0000000000000000.00000
+ 0000000000000000.00000
+ -0000000034338492.215397047
+ 0000000000000004.31000
+ 0000000007799461.41190
+ 0000000000016397.038491
+ 0000000000093901.57763026
+ -0000000083028485.00000
+ 0000000000074881.00000
+ -0000000024926804.04504742
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999990999999.099999999999999') 	FROM num_data;
+       to_char       
+---------------------
+ 0000000.0
+ 0000000.0
+ -34338492.215397047
+ 0000004.31
+ 7799461.4119
+ 0016397.038491
+ 0093901.57763026
+ -83028485.0
+ 0074881.0
+ -24926804.04504742
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'L9999999999999999.099999999999999')	FROM num_data;
+              to_char               
+------------------------------------
+                   .000000000000000
+                   .000000000000000
+          -34338492.215397047000000
+                  4.310000000000000
+            7799461.411900000000000
+              16397.038491000000000
+              93901.577630260000000
+          -83028485.000000000000000
+              74881.000000000000000
+          -24926804.045047420000000
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999999999999.99999999999999')	FROM num_data;
+       to_char       
+---------------------
+ 0.
+ 0.
+ -34338492.215397047
+ 4.31
+ 7799461.4119
+ 16397.038491
+ 93901.57763026
+ -83028485.
+ 74881.
+ -24926804.04504742
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'S 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9') FROM num_data;
+                                to_char                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+                                  +. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+                                  +. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+                  -3 4 3 3 8 4 9 2 . 2 1 5 3 9 7 0 4 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+                                +4 . 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+                    +7 7 9 9 4 6 1 . 4 1 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+                        +1 6 3 9 7 . 0 3 8 4 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+                        +9 3 9 0 1 . 5 7 7 6 3 0 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+                  -8 3 0 2 8 4 8 5 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+                        +7 4 8 8 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+                  -2 4 9 2 6 8 0 4 . 0 4 5 0 4 7 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FMS 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9') FROM num_data;
+                        to_char                        
+-------------------------------------------------------
+                 +0 .                 
+                 +0 .                 
+          -3 4 3 3 8 4 9 2 . 2 1 5 3 9 7 0 4 7        
+                 +4 . 3 1               
+           +7 7 9 9 4 6 1 . 4 1 1 9             
+             +1 6 3 9 7 . 0 3 8 4 9 1           
+             +9 3 9 0 1 . 5 7 7 6 3 0 2 6         
+          -8 3 0 2 8 4 8 5 .                 
+             +7 4 8 8 1 .                 
+          -2 4 9 2 6 8 0 4 . 0 4 5 0 4 7 4 2         
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, E'99999 "text" 9999 "9999" 999 "\\"text between quote marks\\"" 9999') FROM num_data;
+                          to_char                          
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+       text      9999     "text between quote marks"     0
+       text      9999     "text between quote marks"     0
+       text    -3 9999 433 "text between quote marks" 8492
+       text      9999     "text between quote marks"     4
+       text      9999  779 "text between quote marks" 9461
+       text      9999    1 "text between quote marks" 6397
+       text      9999    9 "text between quote marks" 3902
+       text    -8 9999 302 "text between quote marks" 8485
+       text      9999    7 "text between quote marks" 4881
+       text    -2 9999 492 "text between quote marks" 6804
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, '999999SG9999999999')			FROM num_data;
+      to_char      
+-------------------
+       +         0
+       +         0
+       -  34338492
+       +         4
+       +   7799461
+       +     16397
+       +     93902
+       -  83028485
+       +     74881
+       -  24926804
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999999999999.999999999999999')	FROM num_data;
+       to_char       
+---------------------
+ 0.
+ 0.
+ -34338492.215397047
+ 4.31
+ 7799461.4119
+ 16397.038491
+ 93901.57763026
+ -83028485.
+ 74881.
+ -24926804.04504742
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(val, '9.999EEEE')				FROM num_data;
+  to_char   
+------------
+  0.000e+00
+  0.000e+00
+ -3.434e+07
+  4.310e+00
+  7.799e+06
+  1.640e+04
+  9.390e+04
+ -8.303e+07
+  7.488e+04
+ -2.493e+07
+(10 rows)
+
+WITH v(val) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('-4.2'),('4.2e9'),('1.2e-5'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT val,
+  to_char(val, '9.999EEEE') as numeric,
+  to_char(val::float8, '9.999EEEE') as float8,
+  to_char(val::float4, '9.999EEEE') as float4
+FROM v;
+    val     |  numeric   |   float8   |   float4   
+------------+------------+------------+------------
+          0 |  0.000e+00 |  0.000e+00 |  0.000e+00
+       -4.2 | -4.200e+00 | -4.200e+00 | -4.200e+00
+ 4200000000 |  4.200e+09 |  4.200e+09 |  4.200e+09
+   0.000012 |  1.200e-05 |  1.200e-05 |  1.200e-05
+   Infinity |  #.####### |  #.####### |  #.#######
+  -Infinity |  #.####### |  #.####### |  #.#######
+        NaN |  #.####### |  #.####### |  #.#######
+(7 rows)
+
+WITH v(exp) AS
+  (VALUES(-16379),(-16378),(-1234),(-789),(-45),(-5),(-4),(-3),(-2),(-1),(0),
+         (1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(38),(275),(2345),(45678),(131070),(131071))
+SELECT exp,
+  to_char(('1.2345e'||exp)::numeric, '9.999EEEE') as numeric
+FROM v;
+  exp   |    numeric     
+--------+----------------
+ -16379 |  1.235e-16379
+ -16378 |  1.235e-16378
+  -1234 |  1.235e-1234
+   -789 |  1.235e-789
+    -45 |  1.235e-45
+     -5 |  1.235e-05
+     -4 |  1.235e-04
+     -3 |  1.235e-03
+     -2 |  1.235e-02
+     -1 |  1.235e-01
+      0 |  1.235e+00
+      1 |  1.235e+01
+      2 |  1.235e+02
+      3 |  1.235e+03
+      4 |  1.235e+04
+      5 |  1.235e+05
+     38 |  1.235e+38
+    275 |  1.235e+275
+   2345 |  1.235e+2345
+  45678 |  1.235e+45678
+ 131070 |  1.235e+131070
+ 131071 |  1.235e+131071
+(22 rows)
+
+WITH v(val) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('-4.2'),('4.2e9'),('1.2e-5'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT val,
+  to_char(val, 'MI9999999999.99') as numeric,
+  to_char(val::float8, 'MI9999999999.99') as float8,
+  to_char(val::float4, 'MI9999999999.99') as float4
+FROM v;
+    val     |    numeric     |     float8     |     float4     
+------------+----------------+----------------+----------------
+          0 |            .00 |            .00 |            .00
+       -4.2 | -         4.20 | -         4.20 | -         4.20
+ 4200000000 |  4200000000.00 |  4200000000.00 |  4200000000
+   0.000012 |            .00 |            .00 |            .00
+   Infinity |    Infinity    |    Infinity    |    Infinity
+  -Infinity | -  Infinity    | -  Infinity    | -  Infinity
+        NaN |         NaN    |         NaN    |         NaN
+(7 rows)
+
+WITH v(val) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('-4.2'),('4.2e9'),('1.2e-5'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT val,
+  to_char(val, 'MI99.99') as numeric,
+  to_char(val::float8, 'MI99.99') as float8,
+  to_char(val::float4, 'MI99.99') as float4
+FROM v;
+    val     | numeric | float8 | float4 
+------------+---------+--------+--------
+          0 |    .00  |    .00 |    .00
+       -4.2 | - 4.20  | - 4.20 | - 4.20
+ 4200000000 |  ##.##  |  ##.## |  ##.
+   0.000012 |    .00  |    .00 |    .00
+   Infinity |  ##.##  |  ##.## |  ##.
+  -Infinity | -##.##  | -##.## | -##.
+        NaN |  ##.##  |  ##.## |  ##.##
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'FM999.9');
+ to_char 
+---------
+ 100.
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'FM999.');
+ to_char 
+---------
+ 100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'FM999');
+ to_char 
+---------
+ 100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('12345678901'::float8, 'FM9999999999D9999900000000000000000');
+     to_char     
+-----------------
+ ##########.####
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check parsing of literal text in a format string
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'foo999');
+ to_char 
+---------
+ foo 100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f\oo999');
+ to_char  
+----------
+ f\oo 100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f\\oo999');
+  to_char  
+-----------
+ f\\oo 100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f\"oo999');
+ to_char  
+----------
+ f"oo 100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f\\"oo999');
+  to_char  
+-----------
+ f\"oo 100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f"ool"999');
+ to_char  
+----------
+ fool 100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f"\ool"999');
+ to_char  
+----------
+ fool 100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f"\\ool"999');
+  to_char  
+-----------
+ f\ool 100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f"ool\"999');
+ to_char  
+----------
+ fool"999
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f"ool\\"999');
+  to_char  
+-----------
+ fool\ 100
+(1 row)
+
+-- TO_NUMBER()
+--
+SET lc_numeric = 'C';
+SELECT to_number('-34,338,492', '99G999G999');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+ -34338492
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('-34,338,492.654,878', '99G999G999D999G999');
+    to_number     
+------------------
+ -34338492.654878
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('<564646.654564>', '999999.999999PR');
+   to_number    
+----------------
+ -564646.654564
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('0.00001-', '9.999999S');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+  -0.00001
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('5.01-', 'FM9.999999S');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+     -5.01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('5.01-', 'FM9.999999MI');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+     -5.01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('5 4 4 4 4 8 . 7 8', '9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 9');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+ 544448.78
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('.01', 'FM9.99');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+      0.01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('.0', '99999999.99999999');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+       0.0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('0', '99.99');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('.-01', 'S99.99');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+     -0.01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('.01-', '99.99S');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+     -0.01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number(' . 0 1-', ' 9 9 . 9 9 S');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+     -0.01
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('34,50','999,99');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+      3450
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('123,000','999G');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+       123
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('123456','999G999');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+    123456
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('$1234.56','L9,999.99');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+   1234.56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('$1234.56','L99,999.99');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+   1234.56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('$1,234.56','L99,999.99');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+   1234.56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('1234.56','L99,999.99');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+   1234.56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('1,234.56','L99,999.99');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+   1234.56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_number('42nd', '99th');
+ to_number 
+-----------
+        42
+(1 row)
+
+RESET lc_numeric;
+--
+-- Input syntax
+--
+CREATE TABLE num_input_test (n1 numeric);
+-- good inputs
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' 123');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('   3245874    ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('  -93853');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('555.50');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('-555.50');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('NaN ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('        nan');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' inf ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' +inf ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' -inf ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' Infinity ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' +inFinity ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' -INFINITY ');
+-- bad inputs
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('     ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type numeric: "     "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('     ');
+                                               ^
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('   1234   %');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type numeric: "   1234   %"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('   1234   %');
+                                               ^
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('xyz');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type numeric: "xyz"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('xyz');
+                                               ^
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('- 1234');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type numeric: "- 1234"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('- 1234');
+                                               ^
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('5 . 0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type numeric: "5 . 0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('5 . 0');
+                                               ^
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('5. 0   ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type numeric: "5. 0   "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('5. 0   ');
+                                               ^
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type numeric: ""
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('');
+                                               ^
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' N aN ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type numeric: " N aN "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' N aN ');
+                                               ^
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('+ infinity');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type numeric: "+ infinity"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('+ infinity');
+                                               ^
+SELECT * FROM num_input_test;
+    n1     
+-----------
+       123
+   3245874
+    -93853
+    555.50
+   -555.50
+       NaN
+       NaN
+  Infinity
+  Infinity
+ -Infinity
+  Infinity
+  Infinity
+ -Infinity
+(13 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test precision and scale typemods
+--
+CREATE TABLE num_typemod_test (
+  millions numeric(3, -6),
+  thousands numeric(3, -3),
+  units numeric(3, 0),
+  thousandths numeric(3, 3),
+  millionths numeric(3, 6)
+);
+\d num_typemod_test
+               Table "public.num_typemod_test"
+   Column    |     Type      | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+-------------+---------------+-----------+----------+---------
+ millions    | numeric(3,-6) |           |          | 
+ thousands   | numeric(3,-3) |           |          | 
+ units       | numeric(3,0)  |           |          | 
+ thousandths | numeric(3,3)  |           |          | 
+ millionths  | numeric(3,6)  |           |          | 
+
+-- rounding of valid inputs
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (123456, 123, 0.123, 0.000123, 0.000000123);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (654321, 654, 0.654, 0.000654, 0.000000654);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (2345678, 2345, 2.345, 0.002345, 0.000002345);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (7654321, 7654, 7.654, 0.007654, 0.000007654);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (12345678, 12345, 12.345, 0.012345, 0.000012345);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (87654321, 87654, 87.654, 0.087654, 0.000087654);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (123456789, 123456, 123.456, 0.123456, 0.000123456);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (987654321, 987654, 987.654, 0.987654, 0.000987654);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES ('NaN', 'NaN', 'NaN', 'NaN', 'NaN');
+SELECT scale(millions), * FROM num_typemod_test ORDER BY millions;
+ scale | millions  | thousands | units | thousandths | millionths 
+-------+-----------+-----------+-------+-------------+------------
+     0 |         0 |         0 |     0 |       0.000 |   0.000000
+     0 |   1000000 |      1000 |     1 |       0.001 |   0.000001
+     0 |   2000000 |      2000 |     2 |       0.002 |   0.000002
+     0 |   8000000 |      8000 |     8 |       0.008 |   0.000008
+     0 |  12000000 |     12000 |    12 |       0.012 |   0.000012
+     0 |  88000000 |     88000 |    88 |       0.088 |   0.000088
+     0 | 123000000 |    123000 |   123 |       0.123 |   0.000123
+     0 | 988000000 |    988000 |   988 |       0.988 |   0.000988
+       |       NaN |       NaN |   NaN |         NaN |        NaN
+(9 rows)
+
+-- invalid inputs
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (millions) VALUES ('inf');
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 3, scale -6 cannot hold an infinite value.
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (millions) VALUES (999500000);
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 3, scale -6 must round to an absolute value less than 10^9.
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (thousands) VALUES (999500);
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 3, scale -3 must round to an absolute value less than 10^6.
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (units) VALUES (999.5);
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 3, scale 0 must round to an absolute value less than 10^3.
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (thousandths) VALUES (0.9995);
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 3, scale 3 must round to an absolute value less than 1.
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (millionths) VALUES (0.0009995);
+ERROR:  numeric field overflow
+DETAIL:  A field with precision 3, scale 6 must round to an absolute value less than 10^-3.
+--
+-- Test some corner cases for multiplication
+--
+select 4790999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 * 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999;
+                                                                                     ?column?                                                                                     
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 47909999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999985209000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+(1 row)
+
+select 4789999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 * 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999;
+                                                                                     ?column?                                                                                     
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 47899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999985210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+(1 row)
+
+select 4770999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 * 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999;
+                                                                                     ?column?                                                                                     
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 47709999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999985229000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+(1 row)
+
+select 4769999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 * 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999;
+                                                                                     ?column?                                                                                     
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 47699999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999985230000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+(1 row)
+
+select trim_scale((0.1 - 2e-16383) * (0.1 - 3e-16383));
+ trim_scale 
+------------
+       0.01
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test some corner cases for division
+--
+select 999999999999999999999::numeric/1000000000000000000000;
+        ?column?        
+------------------------
+ 1.00000000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select div(999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000);
+ div 
+-----
+   0
+(1 row)
+
+select mod(999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000);
+          mod          
+-----------------------
+ 999999999999999999999
+(1 row)
+
+select div(-9999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000);
+ div 
+-----
+  -9
+(1 row)
+
+select mod(-9999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000);
+          mod           
+------------------------
+ -999999999999999999999
+(1 row)
+
+select div(-9999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000)*1000000000000000000000 + mod(-9999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000);
+        ?column?         
+-------------------------
+ -9999999999999999999999
+(1 row)
+
+select mod (70.0,70) ;
+ mod 
+-----
+ 0.0
+(1 row)
+
+select div (70.0,70) ;
+ div 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+select 70.0 / 70 ;
+        ?column?        
+------------------------
+ 1.00000000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select 12345678901234567890 % 123;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+       78
+(1 row)
+
+select 12345678901234567890 / 123;
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ 100371373180768845
+(1 row)
+
+select div(12345678901234567890, 123);
+        div         
+--------------------
+ 100371373180768844
+(1 row)
+
+select div(12345678901234567890, 123) * 123 + 12345678901234567890 % 123;
+       ?column?       
+----------------------
+ 12345678901234567890
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test some corner cases for square root
+--
+select sqrt(1.000000000000003::numeric);
+       sqrt        
+-------------------
+ 1.000000000000001
+(1 row)
+
+select sqrt(1.000000000000004::numeric);
+       sqrt        
+-------------------
+ 1.000000000000002
+(1 row)
+
+select sqrt(96627521408608.56340355805::numeric);
+        sqrt         
+---------------------
+ 9829929.87811248648
+(1 row)
+
+select sqrt(96627521408608.56340355806::numeric);
+        sqrt         
+---------------------
+ 9829929.87811248649
+(1 row)
+
+select sqrt(515549506212297735.073688290367::numeric);
+          sqrt          
+------------------------
+ 718017761.766585921184
+(1 row)
+
+select sqrt(515549506212297735.073688290368::numeric);
+          sqrt          
+------------------------
+ 718017761.766585921185
+(1 row)
+
+select sqrt(8015491789940783531003294973900306::numeric);
+       sqrt        
+-------------------
+ 89529278953540017
+(1 row)
+
+select sqrt(8015491789940783531003294973900307::numeric);
+       sqrt        
+-------------------
+ 89529278953540018
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test code path for raising to integer powers
+--
+select 10.0 ^ -2147483648 as rounds_to_zero;
+   rounds_to_zero   
+--------------------
+ 0.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select 10.0 ^ -2147483647 as rounds_to_zero;
+   rounds_to_zero   
+--------------------
+ 0.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select 10.0 ^ 2147483647 as overflows;
+ERROR:  value overflows numeric format
+select 117743296169.0 ^ 1000000000 as overflows;
+ERROR:  value overflows numeric format
+-- cases that used to return inaccurate results
+select 3.789 ^ 21;
+            ?column?            
+--------------------------------
+ 1409343026052.8716016316022141
+(1 row)
+
+select 3.789 ^ 35;
+                ?column?                
+----------------------------------------
+ 177158169650516670809.3820586142670135
+(1 row)
+
+select 1.2 ^ 345;
+                   ?column?                    
+-----------------------------------------------
+ 2077446682327378559843444695.5827049735727869
+(1 row)
+
+select 0.12 ^ (-20);
+               ?column?               
+--------------------------------------
+ 2608405330458882702.5529619561355838
+(1 row)
+
+select 1.000000000123 ^ (-2147483648);
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ 0.7678656556403084
+(1 row)
+
+select coalesce(nullif(0.9999999999 ^ 23300000000000, 0), 0) as rounds_to_zero;
+ rounds_to_zero 
+----------------
+              0
+(1 row)
+
+select round(((1 - 1.500012345678e-1000) ^ 1.45e1003) * 1e1000);
+                          round                           
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ 25218976308958387188077465658068501556514992509509282366
+(1 row)
+
+-- cases that used to error out
+select 0.12 ^ (-25);
+                 ?column?                  
+-------------------------------------------
+ 104825960103961013959336.4983657883169110
+(1 row)
+
+select 0.5678 ^ (-85);
+                ?column?                
+----------------------------------------
+ 782333637740774446257.7719390061997396
+(1 row)
+
+select coalesce(nullif(0.9999999999 ^ 70000000000000, 0), 0) as underflows;
+ underflows 
+------------
+          0
+(1 row)
+
+-- negative base to integer powers
+select (-1.0) ^ 2147483646;
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ 1.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select (-1.0) ^ 2147483647;
+      ?column?       
+---------------------
+ -1.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select (-1.0) ^ 2147483648;
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ 1.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select (-1.0) ^ 1000000000000000;
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ 1.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select (-1.0) ^ 1000000000000001;
+      ?column?       
+---------------------
+ -1.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Tests for raising to non-integer powers
+--
+-- special cases
+select 0.0 ^ 0.0;
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ 1.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select (-12.34) ^ 0.0;
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ 1.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select 12.34 ^ 0.0;
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ 1.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select 0.0 ^ 12.34;
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ 0.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- NaNs
+select 'NaN'::numeric ^ 'NaN'::numeric;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+select 'NaN'::numeric ^ 0;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+select 'NaN'::numeric ^ 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+select 0 ^ 'NaN'::numeric;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+      NaN
+(1 row)
+
+select 1 ^ 'NaN'::numeric;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+-- invalid inputs
+select 0.0 ^ (-12.34);
+ERROR:  zero raised to a negative power is undefined
+select (-12.34) ^ 1.2;
+ERROR:  a negative number raised to a non-integer power yields a complex result
+-- cases that used to generate inaccurate results
+select 32.1 ^ 9.8;
+      ?column?      
+--------------------
+ 580429286790711.10
+(1 row)
+
+select 32.1 ^ (-9.8);
+             ?column?             
+----------------------------------
+ 0.000000000000001722862754788209
+(1 row)
+
+select 12.3 ^ 45.6;
+                       ?column?                       
+------------------------------------------------------
+ 50081010321492803393171165777624533697036806969694.9
+(1 row)
+
+select 12.3 ^ (-45.6);
+                              ?column?                               
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001996764828785491
+(1 row)
+
+-- big test
+select 1.234 ^ 5678;
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ?column?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 307239295662090741644584872593956173493568238595074141254349565406661439636598896798876823220904084953233015553994854875890890858118656468658643918169805277399402542281777901029346337707622181574346585989613344285010764501017625366742865066948856161360224801370482171458030533346309750557140549621313515752078638620714732831815297168231790779296290266207315344008883935010274044001522606235576584215999260117523114297033944018699691024106823438431754073086813382242140602291215149759520833200152654884259619588924545324.5973362312547382
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Tests for EXP()
+--
+-- special cases
+select exp(0.0);
+        exp         
+--------------------
+ 1.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select exp(1.0);
+        exp         
+--------------------
+ 2.7182818284590452
+(1 row)
+
+select exp(1.0::numeric(71,70));
+                                   exp                                    
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 2.7182818284590452353602874713526624977572470936999595749669676277240766
+(1 row)
+
+select exp('nan'::numeric);
+ exp 
+-----
+ NaN
+(1 row)
+
+select exp('inf'::numeric);
+   exp    
+----------
+ Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+select exp('-inf'::numeric);
+ exp 
+-----
+   0
+(1 row)
+
+select coalesce(nullif(exp(-5000::numeric), 0), 0) as rounds_to_zero;
+ rounds_to_zero 
+----------------
+              0
+(1 row)
+
+select coalesce(nullif(exp(-10000::numeric), 0), 0) as underflows;
+ underflows 
+------------
+          0
+(1 row)
+
+-- cases that used to generate inaccurate results
+select exp(32.999);
+         exp         
+---------------------
+ 214429043492155.053
+(1 row)
+
+select exp(-32.999);
+               exp                
+----------------------------------
+ 0.000000000000004663547361468248
+(1 row)
+
+select exp(123.456);
+                            exp                             
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ 413294435277809344957685441227343146614594393746575438.725
+(1 row)
+
+select exp(-123.456);
+                                   exp                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002419582541264601
+(1 row)
+
+-- big test
+select exp(1234.5678);
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              exp                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 146549072930959479983482138503979804217622199675223653966270157446954995433819741094410764947112047906012815540251009949604426069672532417736057033099274204598385314594846509975629046864798765888104789074984927709616261452461385220475510438783429612447831614003668421849727379202555580791042606170523016207262965336641214601082882495255771621327088265411334088968112458492660609809762865582162764292604697957813514621259353683899630997077707406305730694385703091201347848855199354307506425820147289848677003277208302716466011827836279231.9667
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Tests for generate_series
+--
+select * from generate_series(0.0::numeric, 4.0::numeric);
+ generate_series 
+-----------------
+             0.0
+             1.0
+             2.0
+             3.0
+             4.0
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from generate_series(0.1::numeric, 4.0::numeric, 1.3::numeric);
+ generate_series 
+-----------------
+             0.1
+             1.4
+             2.7
+             4.0
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from generate_series(4.0::numeric, -1.5::numeric, -2.2::numeric);
+ generate_series 
+-----------------
+             4.0
+             1.8
+            -0.4
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Trigger errors
+select * from generate_series(-100::numeric, 100::numeric, 0::numeric);
+ERROR:  step size cannot equal zero
+select * from generate_series(-100::numeric, 100::numeric, 'nan'::numeric);
+ERROR:  step size cannot be NaN
+select * from generate_series('nan'::numeric, 100::numeric, 10::numeric);
+ERROR:  start value cannot be NaN
+select * from generate_series(0::numeric, 'nan'::numeric, 10::numeric);
+ERROR:  stop value cannot be NaN
+select * from generate_series('inf'::numeric, 'inf'::numeric, 10::numeric);
+ERROR:  start value cannot be infinity
+select * from generate_series(0::numeric, 'inf'::numeric, 10::numeric);
+ERROR:  stop value cannot be infinity
+select * from generate_series(0::numeric, '42'::numeric, '-inf'::numeric);
+ERROR:  step size cannot be infinity
+-- Checks maximum, output is truncated
+select (i / (10::numeric ^ 131071))::numeric(1,0)
+	from generate_series(6 * (10::numeric ^ 131071),
+			     9 * (10::numeric ^ 131071),
+			     10::numeric ^ 131071) as a(i);
+ numeric 
+---------
+       6
+       7
+       8
+       9
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Check usage with variables
+select * from generate_series(1::numeric, 3::numeric) i, generate_series(i,3) j;
+ i | j 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+ 1 | 2
+ 1 | 3
+ 2 | 2
+ 2 | 3
+ 3 | 3
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from generate_series(1::numeric, 3::numeric) i, generate_series(1,i) j;
+ i | j 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+ 2 | 1
+ 2 | 2
+ 3 | 1
+ 3 | 2
+ 3 | 3
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from generate_series(1::numeric, 3::numeric) i, generate_series(1,5,i) j;
+ i | j 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+ 1 | 2
+ 1 | 3
+ 1 | 4
+ 1 | 5
+ 2 | 1
+ 2 | 3
+ 2 | 5
+ 3 | 1
+ 3 | 4
+(10 rows)
+
+--
+-- Tests for LN()
+--
+-- Invalid inputs
+select ln(-12.34);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+select ln(0.0);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of zero
+-- Some random tests
+select ln(1.2345678e-28);
+                   ln                    
+-----------------------------------------
+ -64.26166165451762991204894255882820859
+(1 row)
+
+select ln(0.0456789);
+         ln          
+---------------------
+ -3.0861187944847439
+(1 row)
+
+select ln(0.349873948359354029493948309745709580730482050975);
+                         ln                          
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ -1.050182336912082775693991697979750253056317885460
+(1 row)
+
+select ln(0.99949452);
+           ln            
+-------------------------
+ -0.00050560779808326467
+(1 row)
+
+select ln(1.00049687395);
+           ln           
+------------------------
+ 0.00049675054901370394
+(1 row)
+
+select ln(1234.567890123456789);
+         ln         
+--------------------
+ 7.1184763012977896
+(1 row)
+
+select ln(5.80397490724e5);
+         ln         
+--------------------
+ 13.271468476626518
+(1 row)
+
+select ln(9.342536355e34);
+         ln         
+--------------------
+ 80.522470935524187
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Tests for LOG() (base 10)
+--
+-- invalid inputs
+select log(-12.34);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "log" statement 1
+select log(0.0);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of zero
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "log" statement 1
+-- some random tests
+select log(1.234567e-89);
+                                                 log                                                 
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ -88.90848533591373725637496492944925187293052336306443143312825869985819779294142441287021741054275
+(1 row)
+
+select log(3.4634998359873254962349856073435545);
+                 log                  
+--------------------------------------
+ 0.5395151714070134409152404011959981
+(1 row)
+
+select log(9.999999999999999999);
+         log          
+----------------------
+ 1.000000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select log(10.00000000000000000);
+         log         
+---------------------
+ 1.00000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select log(10.00000000000000001);
+         log         
+---------------------
+ 1.00000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+select log(590489.45235237);
+        log        
+-------------------
+ 5.771212144411727
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Tests for LOG() (arbitrary base)
+--
+-- invalid inputs
+select log(-12.34, 56.78);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+select log(-12.34, -56.78);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+select log(12.34, -56.78);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of a negative number
+select log(0.0, 12.34);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of zero
+select log(12.34, 0.0);
+ERROR:  cannot take logarithm of zero
+select log(1.0, 12.34);
+ERROR:  division by zero
+-- some random tests
+select log(1.23e-89, 6.4689e45);
+                                              log                                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ -0.5152489207781856983977054971756484879653568168479201885425588841094788842469115325262329756
+(1 row)
+
+select log(0.99923, 4.58934e34);
+         log         
+---------------------
+ -103611.55579544132
+(1 row)
+
+select log(1.000016, 8.452010e18);
+        log         
+--------------------
+ 2723830.2877097365
+(1 row)
+
+select log(3.1954752e47, 9.4792021e-73);
+                                         log                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ -1.51613372350688302142917386143459361608600157692779164475351842333265418126982165
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Tests for scale()
+--
+select scale(numeric 'NaN');
+ scale 
+-------
+      
+(1 row)
+
+select scale(numeric 'inf');
+ scale 
+-------
+      
+(1 row)
+
+select scale(NULL::numeric);
+ scale 
+-------
+      
+(1 row)
+
+select scale(1.12);
+ scale 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+select scale(0);
+ scale 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+select scale(0.00);
+ scale 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+select scale(1.12345);
+ scale 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+select scale(110123.12475871856128);
+ scale 
+-------
+    14
+(1 row)
+
+select scale(-1123.12471856128);
+ scale 
+-------
+    11
+(1 row)
+
+select scale(-13.000000000000000);
+ scale 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Tests for min_scale()
+--
+select min_scale(numeric 'NaN') is NULL; -- should be true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select min_scale(numeric 'inf') is NULL; -- should be true
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select min_scale(0);                     -- no digits
+ min_scale 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+select min_scale(0.00);                  -- no digits again
+ min_scale 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+select min_scale(1.0);                   -- no scale
+ min_scale 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+select min_scale(1.1);                   -- scale 1
+ min_scale 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+select min_scale(1.12);                  -- scale 2
+ min_scale 
+-----------
+         2
+(1 row)
+
+select min_scale(1.123);                 -- scale 3
+ min_scale 
+-----------
+         3
+(1 row)
+
+select min_scale(1.1234);                -- scale 4, filled digit
+ min_scale 
+-----------
+         4
+(1 row)
+
+select min_scale(1.12345);               -- scale 5, 2 NDIGITS
+ min_scale 
+-----------
+         5
+(1 row)
+
+select min_scale(1.1000);                -- 1 pos in NDIGITS
+ min_scale 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+select min_scale(1e100);                 -- very big number
+ min_scale 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Tests for trim_scale()
+--
+select trim_scale(numeric 'NaN');
+ trim_scale 
+------------
+        NaN
+(1 row)
+
+select trim_scale(numeric 'inf');
+ trim_scale 
+------------
+   Infinity
+(1 row)
+
+select trim_scale(1.120);
+ trim_scale 
+------------
+       1.12
+(1 row)
+
+select trim_scale(0);
+ trim_scale 
+------------
+          0
+(1 row)
+
+select trim_scale(0.00);
+ trim_scale 
+------------
+          0
+(1 row)
+
+select trim_scale(1.1234500);
+ trim_scale 
+------------
+    1.12345
+(1 row)
+
+select trim_scale(110123.12475871856128000);
+      trim_scale       
+-----------------------
+ 110123.12475871856128
+(1 row)
+
+select trim_scale(-1123.124718561280000000);
+    trim_scale     
+-------------------
+ -1123.12471856128
+(1 row)
+
+select trim_scale(-13.00000000000000000000);
+ trim_scale 
+------------
+        -13
+(1 row)
+
+select trim_scale(1e100);
+                                              trim_scale                                               
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Tests for SUM()
+--
+-- cases that need carry propagation
+SELECT SUM(9999::numeric) FROM generate_series(1, 100000);
+    sum    
+-----------
+ 999900000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUM((-9999)::numeric) FROM generate_series(1, 100000);
+    sum     
+------------
+ -999900000
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Tests for VARIANCE()
+--
+CREATE TABLE num_variance (a numeric);
+INSERT INTO num_variance VALUES (0);
+INSERT INTO num_variance VALUES (3e-500);
+INSERT INTO num_variance VALUES (-3e-500);
+INSERT INTO num_variance VALUES (4e-500 - 1e-16383);
+INSERT INTO num_variance VALUES (-4e-500 + 1e-16383);
+-- variance is just under 12.5e-1000 and so should round down to 12e-1000
+SELECT trim_scale(variance(a) * 1e1000) FROM num_variance;
+ trim_scale 
+------------
+         12
+(1 row)
+
+-- check that parallel execution produces the same result
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE num_variance SET (parallel_workers = 4);
+SET LOCAL parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+SET LOCAL max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 4;
+SELECT trim_scale(variance(a) * 1e1000) FROM num_variance;
+ trim_scale 
+------------
+         12
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- case where sum of squares would overflow but variance does not
+DELETE FROM num_variance;
+INSERT INTO num_variance SELECT 9e131071 + x FROM generate_series(1, 5) x;
+SELECT variance(a) FROM num_variance;
+      variance      
+--------------------
+ 2.5000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- check that parallel execution produces the same result
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE num_variance SET (parallel_workers = 4);
+SET LOCAL parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+SET LOCAL max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 4;
+SELECT variance(a) FROM num_variance;
+      variance      
+--------------------
+ 2.5000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TABLE num_variance;
+--
+-- Tests for GCD()
+--
+SELECT a, b, gcd(a, b), gcd(a, -b), gcd(-b, a), gcd(-b, -a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::numeric, 0::numeric),
+             (0::numeric, numeric 'NaN'),
+             (0::numeric, 46375::numeric),
+             (433125::numeric, 46375::numeric),
+             (43312.5::numeric, 4637.5::numeric),
+             (4331.250::numeric, 463.75000::numeric),
+             ('inf', '0'),
+             ('inf', '42'),
+             ('inf', 'inf')
+     ) AS v(a, b);
+    a     |     b     |   gcd   |   gcd   |   gcd   |   gcd   
+----------+-----------+---------+---------+---------+---------
+        0 |         0 |       0 |       0 |       0 |       0
+        0 |       NaN |     NaN |     NaN |     NaN |     NaN
+        0 |     46375 |   46375 |   46375 |   46375 |   46375
+   433125 |     46375 |     875 |     875 |     875 |     875
+  43312.5 |    4637.5 |    87.5 |    87.5 |    87.5 |    87.5
+ 4331.250 | 463.75000 | 8.75000 | 8.75000 | 8.75000 | 8.75000
+ Infinity |         0 |     NaN |     NaN |     NaN |     NaN
+ Infinity |        42 |     NaN |     NaN |     NaN |     NaN
+ Infinity |  Infinity |     NaN |     NaN |     NaN |     NaN
+(9 rows)
+
+--
+-- Tests for LCM()
+--
+SELECT a,b, lcm(a, b), lcm(a, -b), lcm(-b, a), lcm(-b, -a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::numeric, 0::numeric),
+             (0::numeric, numeric 'NaN'),
+             (0::numeric, 13272::numeric),
+             (13272::numeric, 13272::numeric),
+             (423282::numeric, 13272::numeric),
+             (42328.2::numeric, 1327.2::numeric),
+             (4232.820::numeric, 132.72000::numeric),
+             ('inf', '0'),
+             ('inf', '42'),
+             ('inf', 'inf')
+     ) AS v(a, b);
+    a     |     b     |     lcm      |     lcm      |     lcm      |     lcm      
+----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
+        0 |         0 |            0 |            0 |            0 |            0
+        0 |       NaN |          NaN |          NaN |          NaN |          NaN
+        0 |     13272 |            0 |            0 |            0 |            0
+    13272 |     13272 |        13272 |        13272 |        13272 |        13272
+   423282 |     13272 |     11851896 |     11851896 |     11851896 |     11851896
+  42328.2 |    1327.2 |    1185189.6 |    1185189.6 |    1185189.6 |    1185189.6
+ 4232.820 | 132.72000 | 118518.96000 | 118518.96000 | 118518.96000 | 118518.96000
+ Infinity |         0 |          NaN |          NaN |          NaN |          NaN
+ Infinity |        42 |          NaN |          NaN |          NaN |          NaN
+ Infinity |  Infinity |          NaN |          NaN |          NaN |          NaN
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT lcm(9999 * (10::numeric)^131068 + (10::numeric^131068 - 1), 2); -- overflow
+ERROR:  value overflows numeric format
+--
+-- Tests for factorial
+--
+SELECT factorial(4);
+ factorial 
+-----------
+        24
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT factorial(15);
+   factorial   
+---------------
+ 1307674368000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT factorial(100000);
+ERROR:  value overflows numeric format
+SELECT factorial(0);
+ factorial 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT factorial(-4);
+ERROR:  factorial of a negative number is undefined
+--
+-- Tests for pg_lsn()
+--
+SELECT pg_lsn(23783416::numeric);
+  pg_lsn   
+-----------
+ 0/16AE7F8
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_lsn(0::numeric);
+ pg_lsn 
+--------
+ 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_lsn(18446744073709551615::numeric);
+      pg_lsn       
+-------------------
+ FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_lsn(-1::numeric);
+ERROR:  pg_lsn out of range
+SELECT pg_lsn(18446744073709551616::numeric);
+ERROR:  pg_lsn out of range
+SELECT pg_lsn('NaN'::numeric);
+ERROR:  cannot convert NaN to pg_lsn
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/numeric_big.out b/src/test/regress/expected/numeric_big.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..468c602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/numeric_big.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2082 @@
+-- ******************************
+-- * Test suite for the Postgres NUMERIC data type
+-- ******************************
+-- Must drop tables created by short numeric test.
+DROP TABLE num_data;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_add;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_sub;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_div;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_mul;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_sqrt;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_ln;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_log10;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_power_10_ln;
+DROP TABLE num_result;
+CREATE TABLE num_data (id int4, val numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_add (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_sub (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_div (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_mul (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_sqrt (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_ln (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_log10 (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_power_10_ln (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_result (id1 int4, id2 int4, result numeric(1000,800));
+-- ******************************
+-- * The following EXPECTED results are computed by bc(1)
+-- * with a scale of 1000
+-- ******************************
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,1,'85243.39540024977626076239847863600785982737155858270959890014613035727868293618673807776733416230953723818527101593495895350807775607346277892835514324320448949370623441059033804864158715021903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,1,'-85243.39540024977626076239847863600785982737155858270959890014613035727868293618673807776733416230953723818527101593495895350807775607346277892835514324320448949370623441059033804864158715021903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,2,'-994877526002806872754342148749241.04353023451866590387054959174736129501310680280823383331007646306243540953499740615246583399296334239109936336446284803020643582102868247857009494139535009572740621288230740389545481395');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,2,'994877526002806872754342148749241.04353023451866590387054959174736129501310680280823383331007646306243540953499740615246583399296334239109936336446284803020643582102868247857009494139535009572740621288230740389545481395');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,2,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,2,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,3,'-60302029489319384367663884408085757480.2322712404088283093870869198708849258097125725036189625900174440196153781995220721511009855207486224837798752903681993777275846325950111427710563453217985216966456785944859989497422927661683538629473170704026975786513125842675604577233871570629808699803522400038975396500769162308448069085909755023233588510630417065084295051270219462289785473643946404281422516357503746700705970360169619852905053433235726497292406142332833');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,3,'60302029489319384367663884408085757480.2322712404088283093870869198708849258097125725036189625900174440196153781995220721511009855207486224837798752903681993777275846325950111427710563453217985216966456785944859989497422927661683538629473170704026975786513125842675604577233871570629808699803522400038975396500769162308448069085909755023233588510630417065084295051270219462289785473643946404281422516357503746700705970360169619852905053433235726497292406142332833');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,3,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,3,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,4,'5329378275943663322215245.24931765987630429629836382184742348353920297283690739124220773955591340709935970062776650204659187764581615597720798385015942389765692769739983054442503547211560297249686289665792078548480268091496050883021187158502798880896590227542729659940394038802461081290690995869705131152889309663639310553909874081663091069118126221594338242710530718836025225507189149221049928936955230868771875644038572888630664890573507822342998964954667474300944699078658989010257103569231493090050659723450626338923049035040974032671138430612839043269997482582763267536489504794826476836323549796385028155416935072959933315468068930689064483178204550825728947252440604703474049780550458442808479096492346910001692358508618202898514895453589357');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,4,'-5329378275943663322215245.24931765987630429629836382184742348353920297283690739124220773955591340709935970062776650204659187764581615597720798385015942389765692769739983054442503547211560297249686289665792078548480268091496050883021187158502798880896590227542729659940394038802461081290690995869705131152889309663639310553909874081663091069118126221594338242710530718836025225507189149221049928936955230868771875644038572888630664890573507822342998964954667474300944699078658989010257103569231493090050659723450626338923049035040974032671138430612839043269997482582763267536489504794826476836323549796385028155416935072959933315468068930689064483178204550825728947252440604703474049780550458442808479096492346910001692358508618202898514895453589357');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,4,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,4,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,5,'-652755630.43456071828048833552593835051449845484289562110789582081210403487973096161149072377955192388469356112505543620695003436531392789029513380101663750625024853263344909355177280161504414335005574882649025508632900995595004153086358670541462762210415346958050909878501048483523600711486406055424807840429541335391538322886495085448421556770991545781035298449067051916630343957356635391594362639819978677032855590055900561501350354631803808000307050416047072513406855040715556454205065332997338225626635780147287003130754254277103928406089109802521803537038957372612837169223905290912251006321930223154562110264217937');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,5,'652755630.43456071828048833552593835051449845484289562110789582081210403487973096161149072377955192388469356112505543620695003436531392789029513380101663750625024853263344909355177280161504414335005574882649025508632900995595004153086358670541462762210415346958050909878501048483523600711486406055424807840429541335391538322886495085448421556770991545781035298449067051916630343957356635391594362639819978677032855590055900561501350354631803808000307050416047072513406855040715556454205065332997338225626635780147287003130754254277103928406089109802521803537038957372612837169223905290912251006321930223154562110264217937');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,5,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,5,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,6,'.0469370721950711508944806393077762204079964905145503836835397203739563036579760026190241480514409364');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,6,'-.0469370721950711508944806393077762204079964905145503836835397203739563036579760026190241480514409364');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,6,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,6,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,7,'-818934540071845742');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,7,'818934540071845742');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,7,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,7,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,8,'8496986223.64063724353165506167988570717591150432282238795309964705925283285060558038824227595710139960766584401003765241409149793494330798800');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,8,'-8496986223.64063724353165506167988570717591150432282238795309964705925283285060558038824227595710139960766584401003765241409149793494330798800');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,8,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,8,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,9,'54863480.34685027005508022756223282084742813020271603840941647350440860843570182437301045468670059279379903480024743452620396345637401505220786389930600883087012615993343976556472498552535317826554614696684732913955544753638726438705858481670766245958647367500212800073774509075408148134050353551558174813940258910304990570172170811882520915334358633');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,9,'-54863480.34685027005508022756223282084742813020271603840941647350440860843570182437301045468670059279379903480024743452620396345637401505220786389930600883087012615993343976556472498552535317826554614696684732913955544753638726438705858481670766245958647367500212800073774509075408148134050353551558174813940258910304990570172170811882520915334358633');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,9,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,9,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,0,'85243.39540024977626076239847863600785982737155858270959890014613035727868293618673807776733416230953723818527101593495895350807775607346277892835514324320448949370623441059033804864158715021903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,0,'85243.39540024977626076239847863600785982737155858270959890014613035727868293618673807776733416230953723818527101593495895350807775607346277892835514324320448949370623441059033804864158715021903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,1,'170486.79080049955252152479695727201571965474311716541919780029226071455736587237347615553466832461907447637054203186991790701615551214692555785671028648640897898741246882118067609728317430043806625387779037980513762118868084887015059202190301421555269486602797852927777567694581746398790609996101506730430853942556475840126871131898407356048450541232591147357021858041662012293323494543567675306406079659294204054863522259037763051870433216859794083051717080761509518250300466106939998045710070');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,1,'7266436459.363324713115467666113895787027372854351303425444968800459979742082292257107107767894843498525848597439323325297125474674300428669958003640228730876886174255457103020291514229439701871032118057857763809224712818579091741996335014138185389554630910658876423205103697147288306070059640369158894028731728589073730895396494400175420670713113234800826523252075036892246807434088405522834549449664122407363485486902219500109237667016524913027290777216477989904700729228025571098410870506256758678625928245828210775042611512394316804583459576285681159178280400209217948833631961377519855502763611693070238579591463373484424582723121059964236704135695706864890193388054537703767833595331866551990460050750959493829603581882430597105627056085260296454181999581594565113210481151487049158699087454047624433576922179904629');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,1,'1.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,2,'-994877526002806872754342148663997.64812998474240514147207095573950146764154822009863493316394610578375247334825932838513167168342610420582834742950389452212867974756590355021495169819086060202117180229196935525386766373096687306110481009743118940565957556492470398904849289222365256698601073536111216152709126800604695001949246634784573028721762079936564434050796321975774729383704426321489070979168993853338252728216162346796960170352897972568238870481118474064783391570102958474141459619245240874849766946530000977144965');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,2,'994877526002806872754342148834484.43893048429492666626902822775522112238466538551783273345620682034111834572173548391979999630250058057637037929942180153828419189449146140692523818459983958943364062347264545253704196416903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,2,'-84806738323879544552397401815149740513.8505875535743013876823142649666132764556588225959336097903898464616542203793600590311980154402068027051522932586050753865288419084437796768749509032177577451738712965496693249429231838833655025794915864261585848007162358912070811805298210095333433397862313304655108809804359760907473898420016370058274978588765092161529583480924554820756527238472641797198545539410039895140087686344382628317530286295498797849942258314364503000942821309916954725689781458590617068629906894951122301020797266469357701283289275708774593896770378558232444454118891917258610753077932026885574920166837998049508644891327208474213193224700658584824407382455480657734911543930195324144216374573825');
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+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
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+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
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+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
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+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
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+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (3,'982718444846268846508445482774217796844461660819285525931206164100817251856409365450682.362683768066405322653747385034480250394145008573806022660379219602846285813744865438912887625784087005970975437905783802114553690522787857272953842288090141945268495451006273685577260054069522075046955466204804067271437138871789034722069934693546671607506851844248427950939791205412350536883779850165603116191193657054604569586553874805856647223849267039531773072343908345333155562072887754900969504551717514980465801806565999410206735831440712124661645970935112535081991606671600328471264697018198676317466846450405861359235297846597981143547119390922405594115478086038680663368675222949247096131378724350715530605691796680604309063173515781378545860473572389718345696107553363715518601596249508215455106779522851210398208919496668879040223859884166805448827948087400426315425231119801173387715922086154065273');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (4,'861542720105376650266753999919217194383259935058507531116.774511336660822591851369622743235084609149542494189385785321912210129989390054947787009383210009523204976629456268332186620016067379702483800883493431423160815760933380418976582725913410929214462739708321325884209636272001805871036779154087677637129248122540412937033791526383240502286607736226090213753913654673523613612439527815137888202973659987501649474772884055648603290154867585312925699571949539600328906295652872654314913539778815035321695215634102441494403825526533235061083947035338872599854931230001361227174477274708230470794066733245241594719912710139298949856243576688344051439047966427547889756037265151798639614843866387316916203238068277912991427278268083231579195846744438643659745041780103653332041031419793815914447232121937821142169172566753399257291244398531365781832297786941359729799400');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (5,'198021976607570296508.271597639984889464620426933601643322058775615235389194561064983706229795978402690473201671702614911129095149240715527556855309177671128442458698638704394974473956869419481315262823632891676087912529523219333012290621046361106033860210270638559271706082115529424772192777643046125905852037759566224116373416253787241195450409652089019290072319861181399387753223422998872180810295299831487867222464355713552301775702554189470264147325049133532522718679336524769566984150923939420759804463781082299907043016120177416779442865059261387111806785876531152192378576258351599534512031062777609734092707165605364139201322351960602280089186180302246827234844736393745487324460438448807241887783263546165171099497316415863122023114646876909575845860402164818094500541234974716577550807551946414081410743197768993152975501');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (6,'.000873076977206566818052116526263730226812004454463281371489634779519089200224205946321120805055212090024554381349223642352209212670470260295303361873760972918129853308169576675500721645609379420329169271088810484607337679253503247351324049221970104335289487989027621978310506220905131150125321713385148268584530413680037620544212746920563790371941626294733473967065607791756894237438288480748407449237446113996117912144587258434808327522518688617394025018756570740098795745692805352377041347367240475846033282850136270250633825482156304826383360291164928049344226886150285595932088884965511963310715773499733217615863523253012606066583814112265708693122563204149232245895551314975524172504103194858904869273185785182598234060315036187756490539352752560361560286717869643902435677448962235275054804452967413005');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (7,'176514565873872717825163931126806100435750.096278384530154766967061948052237623936423931849868926020451465515367348890410352640552194499619062823622476972850692557798609619250753020363520533767813563613425606228355802781302735485038377521515850536680425059519814786118919994914180918228654298075183514200191737597656810036850772127169441661576862538643715648802139886576391427423689320082366572297580054381937437005879583216745596935643579262248665490169331304003204939561361718554509909313409421397022626924406091551900222555950699170864234411017062042057683304265485826061096835531732950909546314722726990314852356462874701181085379772134121978510387397276859318242238150439474660772561390798432890789762504242822787017140808209820627435991445529404692793744568204608385843245177656436105160780897472099970336514833257055017279707999437302548655364559');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (8,'72941951052009383458167.300747500436981484566111756088702608000390737594784514635592222758882092500858797317505303492923829092720870826490477962201959426813271424853341826896270963213736922458746003100613943600855942721319226948714369219316345322636075285343544788982588956431405042577296229122673590336976893594798942025893296105815818487227300314490440902574022885833779324177053242170024559675073866612316965636832258283516275906085642459351367507561963945012828379111856700009391438637054015804558386733558956649061672420804826896303889067785497738203077050774825608647969196321506624991188638449047860249367840775936911749905927108478444112230174584693363226143549933224252679398881354887872642908328737917862751077365602631600279486028043329404269490375935308156815477700961014566228692743960491745353377403533037122586797765130');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (9,'661239032819374816.097553651299556484820492272269662685578275493609248662925676004753503494252951243895572437264999063878330704584509915845096232798927524470286655554736724913758600775591269525423912692080421094644542553026831758426157681271572808657664918053119324646138457659418857926209701677786068580819823633713337632456905824562235373422309621872998037966404189020165296080436871220718574009921789858751384547836431858428729570977259373272041837411903005303672798845573379758630607982213326716018594073712340609488043353995410508475153538231445235003980586600882223782814368245305160648543466496726973755388826656879616734762068443462618454921858705377028522664844761719759342490380417060255776725333319537746890406213693117052223545525717132695297770810635066731941724108167146710297146989770382041617889670713111888375717');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (0, '0');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (1, '85243.39540024977626076239847863600785982737155858270959890014613035727868293618673807776733416230953723818527101593495895350807775607346277892835514324320448949370623441059033804864158715021903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (2, '-994877526002806872754342148749241.04353023451866590387054959174736129501310680280823383331007646306243540953499740615246583399296334239109936336446284803020643582102868247857009494139535009572740621288230740389545481395');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (3, '-60302029489319384367663884408085757480.2322712404088283093870869198708849258097125725036189625900174440196153781995220721511009855207486224837798752903681993777275846325950111427710563453217985216966456785944859989497422927661683538629473170704026975786513125842675604577233871570629808699803522400038975396500769162308448069085909755023233588510630417065084295051270219462289785473643946404281422516357503746700705970360169619852905053433235726497292406142332833');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (4, '5329378275943663322215245.24931765987630429629836382184742348353920297283690739124220773955591340709935970062776650204659187764581615597720798385015942389765692769739983054442503547211560297249686289665792078548480268091496050883021187158502798880896590227542729659940394038802461081290690995869705131152889309663639310553909874081663091069118126221594338242710530718836025225507189149221049928936955230868771875644038572888630664890573507822342998964954667474300944699078658989010257103569231493090050659723450626338923049035040974032671138430612839043269997482582763267536489504794826476836323549796385028155416935072959933315468068930689064483178204550825728947252440604703474049780550458442808479096492346910001692358508618202898514895453589357');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (5, '-652755630.43456071828048833552593835051449845484289562110789582081210403487973096161149072377955192388469356112505543620695003436531392789029513380101663750625024853263344909355177280161504414335005574882649025508632900995595004153086358670541462762210415346958050909878501048483523600711486406055424807840429541335391538322886495085448421556770991545781035298449067051916630343957356635391594362639819978677032855590055900561501350354631803808000307050416047072513406855040715556454205065332997338225626635780147287003130754254277103928406089109802521803537038957372612837169223905290912251006321930223154562110264217937');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (6, '0.0469370721950711508944806393077762204079964905145503836835397203739563036579760026190241480514409364');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (7, '-818934540071845742');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (8, '8496986223.64063724353165506167988570717591150432282238795309964705925283285060558038824227595710139960766584401003765241409149793494330798800');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (9, '054863480.34685027005508022756223282084742813020271603840941647350440860843570182437301045468670059279379903480024743452620396345637401505220786389930600883087012615993343976556472498552535317826554614696684732913955544753638726438705858481670766245958647367500212800073774509075408148134050353551558174813940258910304990570172170811882520915334358633');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+-- ******************************
+-- * Create indices for faster checks
+-- ******************************
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_add_idx ON num_exp_add (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_sub_idx ON num_exp_sub (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_div_idx ON num_exp_div (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_mul_idx ON num_exp_mul (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_sqrt_idx ON num_exp_sqrt (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_ln_idx ON num_exp_ln (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_log10_idx ON num_exp_log10 (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_power_10_ln_idx ON num_exp_power_10_ln (id);
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_add;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_sub;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_div;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_mul;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_sqrt;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_ln;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_log10;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_power_10_ln;
+-- ******************************
+-- * Now check the behaviour of the NUMERIC type
+-- ******************************
+-- ******************************
+-- * Addition check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val + t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_add t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val + t2.val, 10)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 10) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_add t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 10);
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Subtraction check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val - t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sub t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val - t2.val, 40)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 40)
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sub t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 40);
+ id1 | id2 | result | round 
+-----+-----+--------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Multiply check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val * t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_mul t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val * t2.val, 30)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 30) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_mul t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 30);
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Division check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val / t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2
+    WHERE t2.val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_div t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val / t2.val, 80)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2
+    WHERE t2.val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 80) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_div t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 80);
+ id1 | id2 | result | expected 
+-----+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Square root check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, SQRT(ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sqrt t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | result | expected 
+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Natural logarithm check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, LN(ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_ln t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | result | expected 
+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Logarithm base 10 check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, LOG('10'::numeric, ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_log10 t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | result | expected 
+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * POW(10, LN(value)) check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, POW(numeric '10', LN(ABS(round(val,1000))))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_power_10_ln t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+ id1 | result | expected 
+-----+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test code path for raising to integer powers
+--
+-- base less than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
+--
+-- for p in {-20..20}
+-- do
+--   b="0.084738"
+--   r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; $b^$p" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "($b, $p, $r),"
+-- done
+WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(0.084738, -20, 2744326694304960114888.7859130502035257),
+(0.084738, -19, 232548755422013710215.4459407000481464),
+(0.084738, -18, 19705716436950597776.2364581230406798),
+(0.084738, -17, 1669822999434319754.3627249884302211),
+(0.084738, -16, 141497461326065387.3451885900696001),
+(0.084738, -15, 11990211877848128.7928565907453178),
+(0.084738, -14, 1016026574105094.7376490817865767),
+(0.084738, -13, 86096059836517.5178789078924309),
+(0.084738, -12, 7295607918426.8214300228969888),
+(0.084738, -11, 618215223791.6519943372802450),
+(0.084738, -10, 52386321633.6570066961524534),
+(0.084738, -9, 4439112122.5928274334185666),
+(0.084738, -8, 376161483.0442710110530225),
+(0.084738, -7, 31875171.7502054369346110),
+(0.084738, -6, 2701038.3037689083149651),
+(0.084738, -5, 228880.5837847697527935),
+(0.084738, -4, 19394.8829087538193122),
+(0.084738, -3, 1643.4835879219811409),
+(0.084738, -2, 139.2655122733328379),
+(0.084738, -1, 11.8010809790176780),
+(0.084738, 0, 1),
+(0.084738, 1, .084738),
+(0.084738, 2, .007180528644),
+(0.084738, 3, .0006084636362353),
+(0.084738, 4, .0000515599916073),
+(0.084738, 5, .0000043690905688),
+(0.084738, 6, .0000003702279966),
+(0.084738, 7, .0000000313723800),
+(0.084738, 8, .0000000026584327),
+(0.084738, 9, .0000000002252703),
+(0.084738, 10, .0000000000190890),
+(0.084738, 11, .0000000000016176),
+(0.084738, 12, .0000000000001371),
+(0.084738, 13, .0000000000000116),
+(0.084738, 14, .0000000000000010),
+(0.084738, 15, .0000000000000001),
+(0.084738, 16, .0000000000000000),
+(0.084738, 17, .0000000000000000),
+(0.084738, 18, .0000000000000000),
+(0.084738, 19, .0000000000000000),
+(0.084738, 20, .0000000000000000))
+SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+    b     |  p  |                bc_result                |                  power                  |        diff        
+----------+-----+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+--------------------
+ 0.084738 | -20 | 2744326694304960114888.7859130502035257 | 2744326694304960114888.7859130502035257 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 | -19 |  232548755422013710215.4459407000481464 |  232548755422013710215.4459407000481464 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 | -18 |   19705716436950597776.2364581230406798 |   19705716436950597776.2364581230406798 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 | -17 |    1669822999434319754.3627249884302211 |    1669822999434319754.3627249884302211 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 | -16 |     141497461326065387.3451885900696001 |     141497461326065387.3451885900696001 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 | -15 |      11990211877848128.7928565907453178 |      11990211877848128.7928565907453178 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 | -14 |       1016026574105094.7376490817865767 |       1016026574105094.7376490817865767 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 | -13 |         86096059836517.5178789078924309 |         86096059836517.5178789078924309 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 | -12 |          7295607918426.8214300228969888 |          7295607918426.8214300228969888 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 | -11 |           618215223791.6519943372802450 |           618215223791.6519943372802450 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 | -10 |            52386321633.6570066961524534 |            52386321633.6570066961524534 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  -9 |             4439112122.5928274334185666 |             4439112122.5928274334185666 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  -8 |              376161483.0442710110530225 |              376161483.0442710110530225 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  -7 |               31875171.7502054369346110 |               31875171.7502054369346110 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  -6 |                2701038.3037689083149651 |                2701038.3037689083149651 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  -5 |                 228880.5837847697527935 |                 228880.5837847697527935 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  -4 |                  19394.8829087538193122 |                  19394.8829087538193122 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  -3 |                   1643.4835879219811409 |                   1643.4835879219811409 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  -2 |                    139.2655122733328379 |                    139.2655122733328379 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  -1 |                     11.8010809790176780 |                     11.8010809790176780 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |   0 |                                       1 |                      1.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |   1 |                                0.084738 |                      0.0847380000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |   2 |                          0.007180528644 |                      0.0071805286440000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |   3 |                      0.0006084636362353 |                      0.0006084636362353 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |   4 |                      0.0000515599916073 |                      0.0000515599916073 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |   5 |                      0.0000043690905688 |                      0.0000043690905688 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |   6 |                      0.0000003702279966 |                      0.0000003702279966 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |   7 |                      0.0000000313723800 |                      0.0000000313723800 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |   8 |                      0.0000000026584327 |                      0.0000000026584327 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |   9 |                      0.0000000002252703 |                      0.0000000002252703 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  10 |                      0.0000000000190890 |                      0.0000000000190890 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  11 |                      0.0000000000016176 |                      0.0000000000016176 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  12 |                      0.0000000000001371 |                      0.0000000000001371 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  13 |                      0.0000000000000116 |                      0.0000000000000116 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  14 |                      0.0000000000000010 |                      0.0000000000000010 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  15 |                      0.0000000000000001 |                      0.0000000000000001 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  16 |                      0.0000000000000000 |                      0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  17 |                      0.0000000000000000 |                      0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  18 |                      0.0000000000000000 |                      0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  19 |                      0.0000000000000000 |                      0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 0.084738 |  20 |                      0.0000000000000000 |                      0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+(41 rows)
+
+-- base greater than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
+--
+-- for p in {-20..20}
+-- do
+--   b="37.821637"
+--   r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; $b^$p" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "($b, $p, $r),"
+-- done
+WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(37.821637, -20, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -19, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -18, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -17, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -16, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -15, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -14, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -13, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -12, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -11, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -10, .0000000000000002),
+(37.821637, -9, .0000000000000063),
+(37.821637, -8, .0000000000002388),
+(37.821637, -7, .0000000000090327),
+(37.821637, -6, .0000000003416316),
+(37.821637, -5, .0000000129210673),
+(37.821637, -4, .0000004886959182),
+(37.821637, -3, .0000184832796213),
+(37.821637, -2, .0006990678924066),
+(37.821637, -1, .0264398920649574),
+(37.821637, 0, 1),
+(37.821637, 1, 37.821637),
+(37.821637, 2, 1430.476225359769),
+(37.821637, 3, 54102.9525326873775219),
+(37.821637, 4, 2046262.2313195326271135),
+(37.821637, 5, 77392987.3197773940323425),
+(37.821637, 6, 2927129472.7542235178972258),
+(37.821637, 7, 110708828370.5116321107718772),
+(37.821637, 8, 4187189119324.7924539711577286),
+(37.821637, 9, 158366346921451.9852944363360812),
+(37.821637, 10, 5989674486279224.5007355092228730),
+(37.821637, 11, 226539294168214309.7083246628376531),
+(37.821637, 12, 8568086950266418559.9938312759931069),
+(37.821637, 13, 324059074417413536066.1494087598581043),
+(37.821637, 14, 12256444679171401239980.3109258799733927),
+(37.821637, 15, 463558801566202198479885.2069857662592280),
+(37.821637, 16, 17532552720991931019508170.1002855156233684),
+(37.821637, 17, 663109844696719094948877928.0672523682648687),
+(37.821637, 18, 25079899837245684700124994552.6717306599041850),
+(37.821637, 19, 948562867640665366544581398598.1275771806665398),
+(37.821637, 20, 35876200451584291931921101974730.6901038166532866))
+SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+     b     |  p  |                     bc_result                     |                       power                       |        diff        
+-----------+-----+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+--------------------
+ 37.821637 | -20 |                                0.0000000000000000 |                                0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 | -19 |                                0.0000000000000000 |                                0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 | -18 |                                0.0000000000000000 |                                0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 | -17 |                                0.0000000000000000 |                                0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 | -16 |                                0.0000000000000000 |                                0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 | -15 |                                0.0000000000000000 |                                0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 | -14 |                                0.0000000000000000 |                                0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 | -13 |                                0.0000000000000000 |                                0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 | -12 |                                0.0000000000000000 |                                0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 | -11 |                                0.0000000000000000 |                                0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 | -10 |                                0.0000000000000002 |                                0.0000000000000002 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  -9 |                                0.0000000000000063 |                                0.0000000000000063 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  -8 |                                0.0000000000002388 |                                0.0000000000002388 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  -7 |                                0.0000000000090327 |                                0.0000000000090327 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  -6 |                                0.0000000003416316 |                                0.0000000003416316 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  -5 |                                0.0000000129210673 |                                0.0000000129210673 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  -4 |                                0.0000004886959182 |                                0.0000004886959182 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  -3 |                                0.0000184832796213 |                                0.0000184832796213 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  -2 |                                0.0006990678924066 |                                0.0006990678924066 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  -1 |                                0.0264398920649574 |                                0.0264398920649574 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |   0 |                                                 1 |                                1.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |   1 |                                         37.821637 |                               37.8216370000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |   2 |                                 1430.476225359769 |                             1430.4762253597690000 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |   3 |                            54102.9525326873775219 |                            54102.9525326873775219 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |   4 |                          2046262.2313195326271135 |                          2046262.2313195326271135 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |   5 |                         77392987.3197773940323425 |                         77392987.3197773940323425 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |   6 |                       2927129472.7542235178972258 |                       2927129472.7542235178972258 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |   7 |                     110708828370.5116321107718772 |                     110708828370.5116321107718772 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |   8 |                    4187189119324.7924539711577286 |                    4187189119324.7924539711577286 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |   9 |                  158366346921451.9852944363360812 |                  158366346921451.9852944363360812 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  10 |                 5989674486279224.5007355092228730 |                 5989674486279224.5007355092228730 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  11 |               226539294168214309.7083246628376531 |               226539294168214309.7083246628376531 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  12 |              8568086950266418559.9938312759931069 |              8568086950266418559.9938312759931069 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  13 |            324059074417413536066.1494087598581043 |            324059074417413536066.1494087598581043 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  14 |          12256444679171401239980.3109258799733927 |          12256444679171401239980.3109258799733927 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  15 |         463558801566202198479885.2069857662592280 |         463558801566202198479885.2069857662592280 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  16 |       17532552720991931019508170.1002855156233684 |       17532552720991931019508170.1002855156233684 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  17 |      663109844696719094948877928.0672523682648687 |      663109844696719094948877928.0672523682648687 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  18 |    25079899837245684700124994552.6717306599041850 |    25079899837245684700124994552.6717306599041850 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  19 |   948562867640665366544581398598.1275771806665398 |   948562867640665366544581398598.1275771806665398 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 37.821637 |  20 | 35876200451584291931921101974730.6901038166532866 | 35876200451584291931921101974730.6901038166532866 | 0.0000000000000000
+(41 rows)
+
+--
+-- Tests for raising to non-integer powers
+--
+-- base less than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
+--
+-- for n in {-20..20}
+-- do
+--   b="0.06933247"
+--   p="$n.342987"
+--   r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; e($p*l($b))" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "($b, $p, $r),"
+-- done
+WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(0.06933247, -20.342987, 379149253615977128356318.39406340),
+(0.06933247, -19.342987, 26287354251852125772450.59436685),
+(0.06933247, -18.342987, 1822567200045909954554.65766042),
+(0.06933247, -17.342987, 126363085720167050546.86216560),
+(0.06933247, -16.342987, 8761064849800910427.02880469),
+(0.06933247, -15.342987, 607426265866876128.15466179),
+(0.06933247, -14.342987, 42114363355427213.14899924),
+(0.06933247, -13.342987, 2919892833909256.59283660),
+(0.06933247, -12.342987, 202443382310228.51544515),
+(0.06933247, -11.342987, 14035899730722.44924025),
+(0.06933247, -10.342987, 973143597003.32229028),
+(0.06933247, -9.342987, 67470449244.92493259),
+(0.06933247, -8.342987, 4677892898.16028054),
+(0.06933247, -7.342987, 324329869.02491071),
+(0.06933247, -6.342987, 22486590.914273551),
+(0.06933247, -5.342987, 1559050.8899661435),
+(0.06933247, -4.342987, 108092.84905705095),
+(0.06933247, -3.342987, 7494.3442144625131),
+(0.06933247, -2.342987, 519.60139541889576),
+(0.06933247, -1.342987, 36.025248159838727),
+(0.06933247, 0.342987, .40036522320023350),
+(0.06933247, 1.342987, .02775830982657349),
+(0.06933247, 2.342987, .001924552183301612),
+(0.06933247, 3.342987, .0001334339565121935),
+(0.06933247, 4.342987, .000009251305786862961),
+(0.06933247, 5.342987, .0000006414158809285026),
+(0.06933247, 6.342987, .00000004447094732199898),
+(0.06933247, 7.342987, .000000003083280621074075),
+(0.06933247, 8.342987, .0000000002137714611621997),
+(0.06933247, 9.342987, .00000000001482130341788437),
+(0.06933247, 10.342987, .000000000001027597574581366),
+(0.06933247, 11.342987, .00000000000007124587801173530),
+(0.06933247, 12.342987, .000000000000004939652699872298),
+(0.06933247, 13.342987, .0000000000000003424783226243151),
+(0.06933247, 14.342987, .00000000000000002374486802900065),
+(0.06933247, 15.342987, .000000000000000001646290350274646),
+(0.06933247, 16.342987, .0000000000000000001141413763217064),
+(0.06933247, 17.342987, .000000000000000000007913703549583420),
+(0.06933247, 18.342987, .0000000000000000000005486766139403860),
+(0.06933247, 19.342987, .00000000000000000000003804110487572339),
+(0.06933247, 20.342987, .000000000000000000000002637483762562946))
+SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+     b      |     p      |                 bc_result                 |                   power                   |                   diff                    
+------------+------------+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
+ 0.06933247 | -20.342987 |         379149253615977128356318.39406340 |         379149253615977128356318.39406340 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 | -19.342987 |          26287354251852125772450.59436685 |          26287354251852125772450.59436685 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 | -18.342987 |           1822567200045909954554.65766042 |           1822567200045909954554.65766042 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 | -17.342987 |            126363085720167050546.86216560 |            126363085720167050546.86216560 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 | -16.342987 |              8761064849800910427.02880469 |              8761064849800910427.02880469 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 | -15.342987 |               607426265866876128.15466179 |               607426265866876128.15466179 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 | -14.342987 |                42114363355427213.14899924 |                42114363355427213.14899924 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 | -13.342987 |                 2919892833909256.59283660 |                 2919892833909256.59283660 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 | -12.342987 |                  202443382310228.51544515 |                  202443382310228.51544515 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 | -11.342987 |                   14035899730722.44924025 |                   14035899730722.44924025 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 | -10.342987 |                     973143597003.32229028 |                     973143597003.32229028 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 |  -9.342987 |                      67470449244.92493259 |                      67470449244.92493259 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 |  -8.342987 |                       4677892898.16028054 |                       4677892898.16028054 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 |  -7.342987 |                        324329869.02491071 |                        324329869.02491071 |                                0.00000000
+ 0.06933247 |  -6.342987 |                        22486590.914273551 |                        22486590.914273551 |                               0.000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  -5.342987 |                        1559050.8899661435 |                        1559050.8899661435 |                              0.0000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  -4.342987 |                        108092.84905705095 |                        108092.84905705095 |                             0.00000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  -3.342987 |                        7494.3442144625131 |                        7494.3442144625131 |                           0.0000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  -2.342987 |                        519.60139541889576 |                        519.60139541889576 |                          0.00000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  -1.342987 |                        36.025248159838727 |                        36.025248159838727 |                         0.000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |   0.342987 |                       0.40036522320023350 |                        0.4003652232002335 |                       0.00000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |   1.342987 |                       0.02775830982657349 |                       0.02775830982657349 |                       0.00000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |   2.342987 |                      0.001924552183301612 |                      0.001924552183301612 |                      0.000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |   3.342987 |                     0.0001334339565121935 |                     0.0001334339565121935 |                     0.0000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |   4.342987 |                   0.000009251305786862961 |                   0.000009251305786862961 |                   0.000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |   5.342987 |                  0.0000006414158809285026 |                  0.0000006414158809285026 |                  0.0000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |   6.342987 |                 0.00000004447094732199898 |                 0.00000004447094732199898 |                 0.00000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |   7.342987 |                0.000000003083280621074075 |                0.000000003083280621074075 |                0.000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |   8.342987 |               0.0000000002137714611621997 |               0.0000000002137714611621997 |               0.0000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |   9.342987 |              0.00000000001482130341788437 |              0.00000000001482130341788437 |              0.00000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  10.342987 |             0.000000000001027597574581366 |             0.000000000001027597574581366 |             0.000000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  11.342987 |           0.00000000000007124587801173530 |           0.00000000000007124587801173530 |           0.00000000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  12.342987 |          0.000000000000004939652699872298 |          0.000000000000004939652699872298 |          0.000000000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  13.342987 |         0.0000000000000003424783226243151 |         0.0000000000000003424783226243151 |         0.0000000000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  14.342987 |        0.00000000000000002374486802900065 |        0.00000000000000002374486802900065 |        0.00000000000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  15.342987 |       0.000000000000000001646290350274646 |       0.000000000000000001646290350274646 |       0.000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  16.342987 |      0.0000000000000000001141413763217064 |      0.0000000000000000001141413763217064 |      0.0000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  17.342987 |    0.000000000000000000007913703549583420 |    0.000000000000000000007913703549583420 |    0.000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  18.342987 |   0.0000000000000000000005486766139403860 |   0.0000000000000000000005486766139403860 |   0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  19.342987 |  0.00000000000000000000003804110487572339 |  0.00000000000000000000003804110487572339 |  0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 0.06933247 |  20.342987 | 0.000000000000000000000002637483762562946 | 0.000000000000000000000002637483762562946 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+(41 rows)
+
+-- base greater than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
+--
+-- for n in {-20..20}
+-- do
+--   b="27.234987"
+--   p="$n.230957"
+--   r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; e($p*l($b))" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "($b, $p, $r),"
+-- done
+WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(27.234987, -20.230957, .000000000000000000000000000009247064512095633),
+(27.234987, -19.230957, .0000000000000000000000000002518436817750859),
+(27.234987, -18.230957, .000000000000000000000000006858959399176602),
+(27.234987, -17.230957, .0000000000000000000000001868036700701026),
+(27.234987, -16.230957, .000000000000000000000005087595525911532),
+(27.234987, -15.230957, .0000000000000000000001385605980094587),
+(27.234987, -14.230957, .000000000000000000003773696085499835),
+(27.234987, -13.230957, .0000000000000000001027765638305389),
+(27.234987, -12.230957, .000000000000000002799118379829397),
+(27.234987, -11.230957, .00000000000000007623395268611469),
+(27.234987, -10.230957, .000000000000002076230710364949),
+(27.234987, -9.230957, .00000000000005654611640579014),
+(27.234987, -8.230957, .000000000001540032745212181),
+(27.234987, -7.230957, .00000000004194277179542807),
+(27.234987, -6.230957, .000000001142310844592450),
+(27.234987, -5.230957, .00000003111082100243440),
+(27.234987, -4.230957, .0000008473028055606278),
+(27.234987, -3.230957, .00002307628089450723),
+(27.234987, -2.230957, .0006284822101702527),
+(27.234987, -1.230957, .01711670482371810),
+(27.234987, 0.230957, 2.1451253063142300),
+(27.234987, 1.230957, 58.422459830839071),
+(27.234987, 2.230957, 1591.1349340009243),
+(27.234987, 3.230957, 43334.539242761031),
+(27.234987, 4.230957, 1180215.6129275865),
+(27.234987, 5.230957, 32143156.875279851),
+(27.234987, 6.230957, 875418459.63720737),
+(27.234987, 7.230957, 23842010367.779367),
+(27.234987, 8.230957, 649336842420.336290),
+(27.234987, 9.230957, 17684680461938.907402),
+(27.234987, 10.230957, 481642042480060.137900),
+(27.234987, 11.230957, 13117514765597885.614921),
+(27.234987, 12.230957, 357255344113366461.949871),
+(27.234987, 13.230957, 9729844652608062117.440722),
+(27.234987, 14.230957, 264992192625800087863.690528),
+(27.234987, 15.230957, 7217058921265161257566.469315),
+(27.234987, 16.230957, 196556505898890690402726.443417),
+(27.234987, 17.230957, 5353213882921711267539279.451015),
+(27.234987, 18.230957, 145794710509592328389185797.837767),
+(27.234987, 19.230957, 3970717045397510438979206144.696206),
+(27.234987, 20.230957, 108142427112079606637962972621.121293))
+SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+     b     |     p      |                    bc_result                    |                      power                      |                      diff                       
+-----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
+ 27.234987 | -20.230957 | 0.000000000000000000000000000009247064512095633 | 0.000000000000000000000000000009247064512095633 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 | -19.230957 |   0.0000000000000000000000000002518436817750859 |   0.0000000000000000000000000002518436817750859 |   0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 | -18.230957 |    0.000000000000000000000000006858959399176602 |    0.000000000000000000000000006858959399176602 |    0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 | -17.230957 |      0.0000000000000000000000001868036700701026 |      0.0000000000000000000000001868036700701026 |      0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 | -16.230957 |       0.000000000000000000000005087595525911532 |       0.000000000000000000000005087595525911532 |       0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 | -15.230957 |         0.0000000000000000000001385605980094587 |         0.0000000000000000000001385605980094587 |         0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 | -14.230957 |          0.000000000000000000003773696085499835 |          0.000000000000000000003773696085499835 |          0.000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 | -13.230957 |            0.0000000000000000001027765638305389 |            0.0000000000000000001027765638305389 |            0.0000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 | -12.230957 |             0.000000000000000002799118379829397 |             0.000000000000000002799118379829397 |             0.000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 | -11.230957 |              0.00000000000000007623395268611469 |              0.00000000000000007623395268611469 |              0.00000000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 | -10.230957 |                0.000000000000002076230710364949 |                0.000000000000002076230710364949 |                0.000000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |  -9.230957 |                 0.00000000000005654611640579014 |                 0.00000000000005654611640579014 |                 0.00000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |  -8.230957 |                   0.000000000001540032745212181 |                   0.000000000001540032745212181 |                   0.000000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |  -7.230957 |                    0.00000000004194277179542807 |                    0.00000000004194277179542807 |                    0.00000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |  -6.230957 |                      0.000000001142310844592450 |                      0.000000001142310844592450 |                      0.000000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |  -5.230957 |                       0.00000003111082100243440 |                       0.00000003111082100243440 |                       0.00000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |  -4.230957 |                        0.0000008473028055606278 |                        0.0000008473028055606278 |                        0.0000000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |  -3.230957 |                          0.00002307628089450723 |                          0.00002307628089450723 |                          0.00000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |  -2.230957 |                           0.0006284822101702527 |                           0.0006284822101702527 |                           0.0000000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |  -1.230957 |                             0.01711670482371810 |                             0.01711670482371810 |                             0.00000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |   0.230957 |                              2.1451253063142300 |                              2.1451253063142300 |                              0.0000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |   1.230957 |                              58.422459830839071 |                              58.422459830839071 |                               0.000000000000000
+ 27.234987 |   2.230957 |                              1591.1349340009243 |                              1591.1349340009243 |                                 0.0000000000000
+ 27.234987 |   3.230957 |                              43334.539242761031 |                              43334.539242761031 |                                  0.000000000000
+ 27.234987 |   4.230957 |                              1180215.6129275865 |                              1180215.6129275865 |                                    0.0000000000
+ 27.234987 |   5.230957 |                              32143156.875279851 |                              32143156.875279851 |                                     0.000000000
+ 27.234987 |   6.230957 |                              875418459.63720737 |                              875418459.63720737 |                                      0.00000000
+ 27.234987 |   7.230957 |                              23842010367.779367 |                              23842010367.779367 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |   8.230957 |                             649336842420.336290 |                             649336842420.336290 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |   9.230957 |                           17684680461938.907402 |                           17684680461938.907402 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |  10.230957 |                          481642042480060.137900 |                          481642042480060.137900 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |  11.230957 |                        13117514765597885.614921 |                        13117514765597885.614921 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |  12.230957 |                       357255344113366461.949871 |                       357255344113366461.949871 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |  13.230957 |                      9729844652608062117.440722 |                      9729844652608062117.440722 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |  14.230957 |                    264992192625800087863.690528 |                    264992192625800087863.690528 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |  15.230957 |                   7217058921265161257566.469315 |                   7217058921265161257566.469315 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |  16.230957 |                 196556505898890690402726.443417 |                 196556505898890690402726.443417 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |  17.230957 |                5353213882921711267539279.451015 |                5353213882921711267539279.451015 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |  18.230957 |              145794710509592328389185797.837767 |              145794710509592328389185797.837767 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |  19.230957 |             3970717045397510438979206144.696206 |             3970717045397510438979206144.696206 |                                        0.000000
+ 27.234987 |  20.230957 |           108142427112079606637962972621.121293 |           108142427112079606637962972621.121293 |                                        0.000000
+(41 rows)
+
+-- Inputs close to overflow
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 2700 and truncated to 4 decimal
+-- places.
+WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(0.12, -2829.8369, 58463948950011752465280493160293790845494328939320966633018493248607815580903065923369555885857984675501574162389726507612128133630191173383130639968378879506624785786843501848666498440326970769604109017960864573408272864266102690849952650095786874354625921641729880352858506454246180842452983243549491658464046163869265572232996388827878976066830374513768599285647145439771472435206769249126377164951470622827631950210853282324510655982757098065657709137845327135766013147354253426364240746381620690117663724329288646510198895137275207992825719846135857839292915100523542874885080351683587865157015032404901182924720371819942957083390475846809517968191151435281268695782594904484795360890092607679215675240583291240729468370895035823777914792823688291214492607109455017754453939895630226174304357121900605689015734289765672740769194115142607443713769825894380064727556869268488695795705030158832909348803019429370973064732712469794182891757241046263341655894972953512257981661670321890336672832647028099324621932563236459127918144141230217523147304565594514812518826936144181257723061181656522095236928347413997136815409159361412494284201481609684892562646522086577634100783077813105675590737823924220663206479031113753135119759722725207724879578900186075841393115040465401462266086907464970054073340036852442184414587772177753008511913377364966775792477387717262694468450099866775550614257191941835797445874557362115814601886902749237439492398087966544817154173072811937702110580330775581851211123491341435883319798273456296794954514173820352334127081705706502510709179711510240917772628308487366740741280043704807717608366220401933596364641284631036907635403895053036499618723044314773148779735006542501244942039455169872946018271985844759209768927953340447524637670938413827595013338859796135512187473850161303598087634723542727044978083220970836296653305188470017342167913572166172051819741354902582606590658382067039498769674611071582171914886494269818475850690414812481252963932223686078322390396586222238852602472958831686564971334200490182175112490433364675164900946902818404704835106260174052265784055642968397240262737313737007322288203637798365320295080314524864099419556398713380156353062937736280885716820226469419928595465390700629307079710611273715705695938635644841913194091407807776191951797748706106000922803167645881087385311847268311361092838264814899353459146959869764278464187826798546290981492648723002412475976344071283321798061003719251864595518596639432393032991023409676558943539937377229130132816883146259468718344018277257037013406135980469482324577407154032999045733141275895.3432),
+(1.2, 32908.8896, 58463467728170833376633133695001863276259293590926929026251227859007891876739460057725441400966420577009060860805883032969522911803372870882799865787473726926215148161529632590083389287080925059682489116446754279752928005457087175157581627230586554364417068189211136840990661174760199073702207450133797324318403866058202372178813998850887986769280847189341565507156189065295823921162851958925352114220880236114784962150135485415106748467247897246441194126125699204912883449386043559785865023459356275014504597646990160571664166410683323036984805434677654413174177920726210827006973855410386789516533036723888687725436216478665958434776205940192130053647653715221076841771578099896259902368829351569726536927952661429685419815305418450230567773264738536471211804481206474781470237730069753206249915908804615495060673071058534441654604668770343616386612119048579369195201590008082689834456232255266932976831478404670192731621439902738547169253818323045451045749609624500171633897705543164388470746657118050314064066768449450440405619135824055131398727045420324382226572368236570500391463795989258779677208133531636928003546809249007993065200108076924439703799231711400266122025052209803513232429907231051873161206025860851056337427740362763618748092029386371493898291580557004812947013231371383576580415676519066503391905962989205397824064923920045371823949776899815750413244195402085917098964452866825666226141169411712884994564949174271056284898570445214367063763956186792886147126466387576513166370247576466566827375268334148320298849218878848928271566491769458471357076035396330179659440244425914213309776100351793665960978678576150833311810944729586040624059867137538839913141142139636023129691775489034134511666020819676247950267220131499463010350308195762769192775344260909521732256844149916046793599150786757764962585268686580124987490115873389726527572428003433405659445349155536369077209682951123806333170190998931670309088422483075609203671527331975811507450670132060984691061148836994322505371265263690017938762760088575875666254883673433331627055180154954694693433502522592907190906966067656027637884202418119121728966267936832338377284832958974299187166554160783467156478554899314000348357280306042140481751668215838656488457943830180819301102535170705017482946779698265096226184239631924271857062033454725540956591929965181603262502135610768915716020374362368495244256420143645126927013882334008435586481691725030031204304273292938132599127402133470745819213047706793887965197191137237066440328777206799072470374264316425913530947082957300047105685634407092811630672103242089966046839626911122.7149))
+SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+  b   |     p      |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      bc_result                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        power                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |  diff  
+------+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------
+ 0.12 | -2829.8369 | 58463948950011752465280493160293790845494328939320966633018493248607815580903065923369555885857984675501574162389726507612128133630191173383130639968378879506624785786843501848666498440326970769604109017960864573408272864266102690849952650095786874354625921641729880352858506454246180842452983243549491658464046163869265572232996388827878976066830374513768599285647145439771472435206769249126377164951470622827631950210853282324510655982757098065657709137845327135766013147354253426364240746381620690117663724329288646510198895137275207992825719846135857839292915100523542874885080351683587865157015032404901182924720371819942957083390475846809517968191151435281268695782594904484795360890092607679215675240583291240729468370895035823777914792823688291214492607109455017754453939895630226174304357121900605689015734289765672740769194115142607443713769825894380064727556869268488695795705030158832909348803019429370973064732712469794182891757241046263341655894972953512257981661670321890336672832647028099324621932563236459127918144141230217523147304565594514812518826936144181257723061181656522095236928347413997136815409159361412494284201481609684892562646522086577634100783077813105675590737823924220663206479031113753135119759722725207724879578900186075841393115040465401462266086907464970054073340036852442184414587772177753008511913377364966775792477387717262694468450099866775550614257191941835797445874557362115814601886902749237439492398087966544817154173072811937702110580330775581851211123491341435883319798273456296794954514173820352334127081705706502510709179711510240917772628308487366740741280043704807717608366220401933596364641284631036907635403895053036499618723044314773148779735006542501244942039455169872946018271985844759209768927953340447524637670938413827595013338859796135512187473850161303598087634723542727044978083220970836296653305188470017342167913572166172051819741354902582606590658382067039498769674611071582171914886494269818475850690414812481252963932223686078322390396586222238852602472958831686564971334200490182175112490433364675164900946902818404704835106260174052265784055642968397240262737313737007322288203637798365320295080314524864099419556398713380156353062937736280885716820226469419928595465390700629307079710611273715705695938635644841913194091407807776191951797748706106000922803167645881087385311847268311361092838264814899353459146959869764278464187826798546290981492648723002412475976344071283321798061003719251864595518596639432393032991023409676558943539937377229130132816883146259468718344018277257037013406135980469482324577407154032999045733141275895.3432 | 58463948950011752465280493160293790845494328939320966633018493248607815580903065923369555885857984675501574162389726507612128133630191173383130639968378879506624785786843501848666498440326970769604109017960864573408272864266102690849952650095786874354625921641729880352858506454246180842452983243549491658464046163869265572232996388827878976066830374513768599285647145439771472435206769249126377164951470622827631950210853282324510655982757098065657709137845327135766013147354253426364240746381620690117663724329288646510198895137275207992825719846135857839292915100523542874885080351683587865157015032404901182924720371819942957083390475846809517968191151435281268695782594904484795360890092607679215675240583291240729468370895035823777914792823688291214492607109455017754453939895630226174304357121900605689015734289765672740769194115142607443713769825894380064727556869268488695795705030158832909348803019429370973064732712469794182891757241046263341655894972953512257981661670321890336672832647028099324621932563236459127918144141230217523147304565594514812518826936144181257723061181656522095236928347413997136815409159361412494284201481609684892562646522086577634100783077813105675590737823924220663206479031113753135119759722725207724879578900186075841393115040465401462266086907464970054073340036852442184414587772177753008511913377364966775792477387717262694468450099866775550614257191941835797445874557362115814601886902749237439492398087966544817154173072811937702110580330775581851211123491341435883319798273456296794954514173820352334127081705706502510709179711510240917772628308487366740741280043704807717608366220401933596364641284631036907635403895053036499618723044314773148779735006542501244942039455169872946018271985844759209768927953340447524637670938413827595013338859796135512187473850161303598087634723542727044978083220970836296653305188470017342167913572166172051819741354902582606590658382067039498769674611071582171914886494269818475850690414812481252963932223686078322390396586222238852602472958831686564971334200490182175112490433364675164900946902818404704835106260174052265784055642968397240262737313737007322288203637798365320295080314524864099419556398713380156353062937736280885716820226469419928595465390700629307079710611273715705695938635644841913194091407807776191951797748706106000922803167645881087385311847268311361092838264814899353459146959869764278464187826798546290981492648723002412475976344071283321798061003719251864595518596639432393032991023409676558943539937377229130132816883146259468718344018277257037013406135980469482324577407154032999045733141275895.3432 | 0.0000
+  1.2 | 32908.8896 | 58463467728170833376633133695001863276259293590926929026251227859007891876739460057725441400966420577009060860805883032969522911803372870882799865787473726926215148161529632590083389287080925059682489116446754279752928005457087175157581627230586554364417068189211136840990661174760199073702207450133797324318403866058202372178813998850887986769280847189341565507156189065295823921162851958925352114220880236114784962150135485415106748467247897246441194126125699204912883449386043559785865023459356275014504597646990160571664166410683323036984805434677654413174177920726210827006973855410386789516533036723888687725436216478665958434776205940192130053647653715221076841771578099896259902368829351569726536927952661429685419815305418450230567773264738536471211804481206474781470237730069753206249915908804615495060673071058534441654604668770343616386612119048579369195201590008082689834456232255266932976831478404670192731621439902738547169253818323045451045749609624500171633897705543164388470746657118050314064066768449450440405619135824055131398727045420324382226572368236570500391463795989258779677208133531636928003546809249007993065200108076924439703799231711400266122025052209803513232429907231051873161206025860851056337427740362763618748092029386371493898291580557004812947013231371383576580415676519066503391905962989205397824064923920045371823949776899815750413244195402085917098964452866825666226141169411712884994564949174271056284898570445214367063763956186792886147126466387576513166370247576466566827375268334148320298849218878848928271566491769458471357076035396330179659440244425914213309776100351793665960978678576150833311810944729586040624059867137538839913141142139636023129691775489034134511666020819676247950267220131499463010350308195762769192775344260909521732256844149916046793599150786757764962585268686580124987490115873389726527572428003433405659445349155536369077209682951123806333170190998931670309088422483075609203671527331975811507450670132060984691061148836994322505371265263690017938762760088575875666254883673433331627055180154954694693433502522592907190906966067656027637884202418119121728966267936832338377284832958974299187166554160783467156478554899314000348357280306042140481751668215838656488457943830180819301102535170705017482946779698265096226184239631924271857062033454725540956591929965181603262502135610768915716020374362368495244256420143645126927013882334008435586481691725030031204304273292938132599127402133470745819213047706793887965197191137237066440328777206799072470374264316425913530947082957300047105685634407092811630672103242089966046839626911122.7149 | 58463467728170833376633133695001863276259293590926929026251227859007891876739460057725441400966420577009060860805883032969522911803372870882799865787473726926215148161529632590083389287080925059682489116446754279752928005457087175157581627230586554364417068189211136840990661174760199073702207450133797324318403866058202372178813998850887986769280847189341565507156189065295823921162851958925352114220880236114784962150135485415106748467247897246441194126125699204912883449386043559785865023459356275014504597646990160571664166410683323036984805434677654413174177920726210827006973855410386789516533036723888687725436216478665958434776205940192130053647653715221076841771578099896259902368829351569726536927952661429685419815305418450230567773264738536471211804481206474781470237730069753206249915908804615495060673071058534441654604668770343616386612119048579369195201590008082689834456232255266932976831478404670192731621439902738547169253818323045451045749609624500171633897705543164388470746657118050314064066768449450440405619135824055131398727045420324382226572368236570500391463795989258779677208133531636928003546809249007993065200108076924439703799231711400266122025052209803513232429907231051873161206025860851056337427740362763618748092029386371493898291580557004812947013231371383576580415676519066503391905962989205397824064923920045371823949776899815750413244195402085917098964452866825666226141169411712884994564949174271056284898570445214367063763956186792886147126466387576513166370247576466566827375268334148320298849218878848928271566491769458471357076035396330179659440244425914213309776100351793665960978678576150833311810944729586040624059867137538839913141142139636023129691775489034134511666020819676247950267220131499463010350308195762769192775344260909521732256844149916046793599150786757764962585268686580124987490115873389726527572428003433405659445349155536369077209682951123806333170190998931670309088422483075609203671527331975811507450670132060984691061148836994322505371265263690017938762760088575875666254883673433331627055180154954694693433502522592907190906966067656027637884202418119121728966267936832338377284832958974299187166554160783467156478554899314000348357280306042140481751668215838656488457943830180819301102535170705017482946779698265096226184239631924271857062033454725540956591929965181603262502135610768915716020374362368495244256420143645126927013882334008435586481691725030031204304273292938132599127402133470745819213047706793887965197191137237066440328777206799072470374264316425913530947082957300047105685634407092811630672103242089966046839626911122.7149 | 0.0000
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Tests for EXP()
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of EXP():
+--
+-- for n in {-20..20}
+-- do
+--   x="$n.29837"
+--   r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; e($x)" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "($x, $r),"
+-- done
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(-20.29837, .000000001529431101152222),
+(-19.29837, .000000004157424770142192),
+(-18.29837, .00000001130105220586304),
+(-17.29837, .00000003071944485366452),
+(-16.29837, .00000008350410872606600),
+(-15.29837, .0000002269877013517336),
+(-14.29837, .0000006170165438681061),
+(-13.29837, .000001677224859055276),
+(-12.29837, .000004559169856609741),
+(-11.29837, .00001239310857408049),
+(-10.29837, .00003368796183504298),
+(-9.29837, .00009157337449401917),
+(-8.29837, .0002489222398577673),
+(-7.29837, .0006766408013046928),
+(-6.29837, .001839300394580514),
+(-5.29837, .004999736839665763),
+(-4.29837, .01359069379834070),
+(-3.29837, .03694333598818056),
+(-2.29837, .1004223988993283),
+(-1.29837, .2729763820983097),
+(0.29837, 1.3476603299656679),
+(1.29837, 3.6633205858807959),
+(2.29837, 9.9579377804197108),
+(3.29837, 27.068481317440698),
+(4.29837, 73.579760889182206),
+(5.29837, 200.01052696742555),
+(6.29837, 543.68498095607070),
+(7.29837, 1477.8890041389891),
+(8.29837, 4017.3188244304487),
+(9.29837, 10920.204759575742),
+(10.29837, 29684.194161006717),
+(11.29837, 80690.005580314652),
+(12.29837, 219338.17590722828),
+(13.29837, 596222.97785597218),
+(14.29837, 1620702.0864156289),
+(15.29837, 4405525.0308492653),
+(16.29837, 11975458.636179032),
+(17.29837, 32552671.598188404),
+(18.29837, 88487335.673150406),
+(19.29837, 240533516.60908059),
+(20.29837, 653837887.33381570))
+SELECT x, bc_result, exp(x), exp(x)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+     x     |         bc_result          |            exp             |            diff            
+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ -20.29837 | 0.000000001529431101152222 | 0.000000001529431101152222 | 0.000000000000000000000000
+ -19.29837 | 0.000000004157424770142192 | 0.000000004157424770142192 | 0.000000000000000000000000
+ -18.29837 |  0.00000001130105220586304 |  0.00000001130105220586304 |  0.00000000000000000000000
+ -17.29837 |  0.00000003071944485366452 |  0.00000003071944485366452 |  0.00000000000000000000000
+ -16.29837 |  0.00000008350410872606600 |  0.00000008350410872606600 |  0.00000000000000000000000
+ -15.29837 |   0.0000002269877013517336 |   0.0000002269877013517336 |   0.0000000000000000000000
+ -14.29837 |   0.0000006170165438681061 |   0.0000006170165438681061 |   0.0000000000000000000000
+ -13.29837 |    0.000001677224859055276 |    0.000001677224859055276 |    0.000000000000000000000
+ -12.29837 |    0.000004559169856609741 |    0.000004559169856609741 |    0.000000000000000000000
+ -11.29837 |     0.00001239310857408049 |     0.00001239310857408049 |     0.00000000000000000000
+ -10.29837 |     0.00003368796183504298 |     0.00003368796183504298 |     0.00000000000000000000
+  -9.29837 |     0.00009157337449401917 |     0.00009157337449401917 |     0.00000000000000000000
+  -8.29837 |      0.0002489222398577673 |      0.0002489222398577673 |      0.0000000000000000000
+  -7.29837 |      0.0006766408013046928 |      0.0006766408013046928 |      0.0000000000000000000
+  -6.29837 |       0.001839300394580514 |       0.001839300394580514 |       0.000000000000000000
+  -5.29837 |       0.004999736839665763 |       0.004999736839665763 |       0.000000000000000000
+  -4.29837 |        0.01359069379834070 |        0.01359069379834070 |        0.00000000000000000
+  -3.29837 |        0.03694333598818056 |        0.03694333598818056 |        0.00000000000000000
+  -2.29837 |         0.1004223988993283 |         0.1004223988993283 |         0.0000000000000000
+  -1.29837 |         0.2729763820983097 |         0.2729763820983097 |         0.0000000000000000
+   0.29837 |         1.3476603299656679 |         1.3476603299656679 |         0.0000000000000000
+   1.29837 |         3.6633205858807959 |         3.6633205858807959 |         0.0000000000000000
+   2.29837 |         9.9579377804197108 |         9.9579377804197108 |         0.0000000000000000
+   3.29837 |         27.068481317440698 |         27.068481317440698 |          0.000000000000000
+   4.29837 |         73.579760889182206 |         73.579760889182206 |          0.000000000000000
+   5.29837 |         200.01052696742555 |         200.01052696742555 |           0.00000000000000
+   6.29837 |         543.68498095607070 |         543.68498095607070 |           0.00000000000000
+   7.29837 |         1477.8890041389891 |         1477.8890041389891 |            0.0000000000000
+   8.29837 |         4017.3188244304487 |         4017.3188244304487 |            0.0000000000000
+   9.29837 |         10920.204759575742 |         10920.204759575742 |             0.000000000000
+  10.29837 |         29684.194161006717 |         29684.194161006717 |             0.000000000000
+  11.29837 |         80690.005580314652 |         80690.005580314652 |             0.000000000000
+  12.29837 |         219338.17590722828 |         219338.17590722828 |              0.00000000000
+  13.29837 |         596222.97785597218 |         596222.97785597218 |              0.00000000000
+  14.29837 |         1620702.0864156289 |         1620702.0864156289 |               0.0000000000
+  15.29837 |         4405525.0308492653 |         4405525.0308492653 |               0.0000000000
+  16.29837 |         11975458.636179032 |         11975458.636179032 |                0.000000000
+  17.29837 |         32552671.598188404 |         32552671.598188404 |                0.000000000
+  18.29837 |         88487335.673150406 |         88487335.673150406 |                0.000000000
+  19.29837 |         240533516.60908059 |         240533516.60908059 |                 0.00000000
+  20.29837 |         653837887.33381570 |         653837887.33381570 |                 0.00000000
+(41 rows)
+
+--
+-- Tests for LN()
+--
+-- input very small
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40}
+-- do
+--   l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(10^-$p)" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "('1.0e-$p', $l),"
+-- done
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('1.0e-1', -2.3025850929940457),
+('1.0e-2', -4.6051701859880914),
+('1.0e-3', -6.9077552789821371),
+('1.0e-4', -9.2103403719761827),
+('1.0e-5', -11.512925464970228),
+('1.0e-6', -13.815510557964274),
+('1.0e-7', -16.118095650958320),
+('1.0e-8', -18.420680743952365),
+('1.0e-9', -20.723265836946411),
+('1.0e-10', -23.025850929940457),
+('1.0e-11', -25.328436022934503),
+('1.0e-12', -27.631021115928548),
+('1.0e-13', -29.933606208922594),
+('1.0e-14', -32.236191301916640),
+('1.0e-15', -34.5387763949106853),
+('1.0e-16', -36.84136148790473094),
+('1.0e-17', -39.143946580898776628),
+('1.0e-18', -41.4465316738928223123),
+('1.0e-19', -43.74911676688686799634),
+('1.0e-20', -46.051701859880913680360),
+('1.0e-21', -48.3542869528749593643778),
+('1.0e-22', -50.65687204586900504839581),
+('1.0e-23', -52.959457138863050732413803),
+('1.0e-24', -55.2620422318570964164317949),
+('1.0e-25', -57.56462732485114210044978637),
+('1.0e-26', -59.867212417845187784467777822),
+('1.0e-27', -62.1697975108392334684857692765),
+('1.0e-28', -64.47238260383327915250376073116),
+('1.0e-29', -66.774967696827324836521752185847),
+('1.0e-30', -69.0775527898213705205397436405309),
+('1.0e-31', -71.38013788281541620455773509521529),
+('1.0e-32', -73.682722975809461888575726549899655),
+('1.0e-33', -75.9853080688035075725937180045840189),
+('1.0e-34', -78.28789316179755325661170945926838306),
+('1.0e-35', -80.590478254791598940629700913952747266),
+('1.0e-36', -82.8930633477856446246476923686371114736),
+('1.0e-37', -85.19564844077969030866568382332147568124),
+('1.0e-38', -87.498233533773735992683675278005839888842),
+('1.0e-39', -89.8008186267677816767016667326902040964430),
+('1.0e-40', -92.10340371976182736071965818737456830404406))
+SELECT x, bc_result, ln(x::numeric), ln(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+    x    |                   bc_result                   |                      ln                       |                    diff                     
+---------+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------
+ 1.0e-1  |                           -2.3025850929940457 |                           -2.3025850929940457 |                          0.0000000000000000
+ 1.0e-2  |                           -4.6051701859880914 |                           -4.6051701859880914 |                          0.0000000000000000
+ 1.0e-3  |                           -6.9077552789821371 |                           -6.9077552789821371 |                          0.0000000000000000
+ 1.0e-4  |                           -9.2103403719761827 |                           -9.2103403719761827 |                          0.0000000000000000
+ 1.0e-5  |                           -11.512925464970228 |                           -11.512925464970228 |                           0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e-6  |                           -13.815510557964274 |                           -13.815510557964274 |                           0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e-7  |                           -16.118095650958320 |                           -16.118095650958320 |                           0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e-8  |                           -18.420680743952365 |                           -18.420680743952365 |                           0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e-9  |                           -20.723265836946411 |                           -20.723265836946411 |                           0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e-10 |                           -23.025850929940457 |                           -23.025850929940457 |                           0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e-11 |                           -25.328436022934503 |                           -25.328436022934503 |                           0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e-12 |                           -27.631021115928548 |                           -27.631021115928548 |                           0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e-13 |                           -29.933606208922594 |                           -29.933606208922594 |                           0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e-14 |                           -32.236191301916640 |                           -32.236191301916640 |                           0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e-15 |                          -34.5387763949106853 |                          -34.5387763949106853 |                          0.0000000000000000
+ 1.0e-16 |                         -36.84136148790473094 |                         -36.84136148790473094 |                         0.00000000000000000
+ 1.0e-17 |                        -39.143946580898776628 |                        -39.143946580898776628 |                        0.000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-18 |                       -41.4465316738928223123 |                       -41.4465316738928223123 |                       0.0000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-19 |                      -43.74911676688686799634 |                      -43.74911676688686799634 |                      0.00000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-20 |                     -46.051701859880913680360 |                     -46.051701859880913680360 |                     0.000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-21 |                    -48.3542869528749593643778 |                    -48.3542869528749593643778 |                    0.0000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-22 |                   -50.65687204586900504839581 |                   -50.65687204586900504839581 |                   0.00000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-23 |                  -52.959457138863050732413803 |                  -52.959457138863050732413803 |                  0.000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-24 |                 -55.2620422318570964164317949 |                 -55.2620422318570964164317949 |                 0.0000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-25 |                -57.56462732485114210044978637 |                -57.56462732485114210044978637 |                0.00000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-26 |               -59.867212417845187784467777822 |               -59.867212417845187784467777822 |               0.000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-27 |              -62.1697975108392334684857692765 |              -62.1697975108392334684857692765 |              0.0000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-28 |             -64.47238260383327915250376073116 |             -64.47238260383327915250376073116 |             0.00000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-29 |            -66.774967696827324836521752185847 |            -66.774967696827324836521752185847 |            0.000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-30 |           -69.0775527898213705205397436405309 |           -69.0775527898213705205397436405309 |           0.0000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-31 |          -71.38013788281541620455773509521529 |          -71.38013788281541620455773509521529 |          0.00000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-32 |         -73.682722975809461888575726549899655 |         -73.682722975809461888575726549899655 |         0.000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-33 |        -75.9853080688035075725937180045840189 |        -75.9853080688035075725937180045840189 |        0.0000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-34 |       -78.28789316179755325661170945926838306 |       -78.28789316179755325661170945926838306 |       0.00000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-35 |      -80.590478254791598940629700913952747266 |      -80.590478254791598940629700913952747266 |      0.000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-36 |     -82.8930633477856446246476923686371114736 |     -82.8930633477856446246476923686371114736 |     0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-37 |    -85.19564844077969030866568382332147568124 |    -85.19564844077969030866568382332147568124 |    0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-38 |   -87.498233533773735992683675278005839888842 |   -87.498233533773735992683675278005839888842 |   0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-39 |  -89.8008186267677816767016667326902040964430 |  -89.8008186267677816767016667326902040964430 |  0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1.0e-40 | -92.10340371976182736071965818737456830404406 | -92.10340371976182736071965818737456830404406 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+(40 rows)
+
+-- input very close to but smaller than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40}
+-- do
+--   l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1-10^-$p)" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "('1.0e-$p', $l),"
+-- done
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('1.0e-1', -.10536051565782630),
+('1.0e-2', -.010050335853501441),
+('1.0e-3', -.0010005003335835335),
+('1.0e-4', -.00010000500033335834),
+('1.0e-5', -.000010000050000333336),
+('1.0e-6', -.0000010000005000003333),
+('1.0e-7', -.00000010000000500000033),
+('1.0e-8', -.000000010000000050000000),
+('1.0e-9', -.0000000010000000005000000),
+('1.0e-10', -.00000000010000000000500000),
+('1.0e-11', -.000000000010000000000050000),
+('1.0e-12', -.0000000000010000000000005000),
+('1.0e-13', -.00000000000010000000000000500),
+('1.0e-14', -.000000000000010000000000000050),
+('1.0e-15', -.0000000000000010000000000000005),
+('1.0e-16', -.00000000000000010000000000000001),
+('1.0e-17', -.000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-18', -.0000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-19', -.00000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-20', -.000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-21', -.0000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-23', -.000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-24', -.0000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-25', -.00000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-26', -.000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-27', -.0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-28', -.00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-30', -.0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-31', -.00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-32', -.000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-33', -.0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-34', -.00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-35', -.000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-37', -.00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-38', -.000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-39', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-40', -.00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000))
+SELECT '1-'||x, bc_result, ln(1.0-x::numeric), ln(1.0-x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+ ?column?  |                          bc_result                          |                             ln                              |                            diff                            
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1-1.0e-1  |                                        -0.10536051565782630 |                                        -0.10536051565782630 |                                        0.00000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-2  |                                       -0.010050335853501441 |                                       -0.010050335853501441 |                                       0.000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-3  |                                      -0.0010005003335835335 |                                      -0.0010005003335835335 |                                      0.0000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-4  |                                     -0.00010000500033335834 |                                     -0.00010000500033335834 |                                     0.00000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-5  |                                    -0.000010000050000333336 |                                    -0.000010000050000333336 |                                    0.000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-6  |                                   -0.0000010000005000003333 |                                   -0.0000010000005000003333 |                                   0.0000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-7  |                                  -0.00000010000000500000033 |                                  -0.00000010000000500000033 |                                  0.00000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-8  |                                 -0.000000010000000050000000 |                                 -0.000000010000000050000000 |                                 0.000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-9  |                                -0.0000000010000000005000000 |                                -0.0000000010000000005000000 |                                0.0000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-10 |                               -0.00000000010000000000500000 |                               -0.00000000010000000000500000 |                               0.00000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-11 |                              -0.000000000010000000000050000 |                              -0.000000000010000000000050000 |                              0.000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-12 |                             -0.0000000000010000000000005000 |                             -0.0000000000010000000000005000 |                             0.0000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-13 |                            -0.00000000000010000000000000500 |                            -0.00000000000010000000000000500 |                            0.00000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-14 |                           -0.000000000000010000000000000050 |                           -0.000000000000010000000000000050 |                           0.000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-15 |                          -0.0000000000000010000000000000005 |                          -0.0000000000000010000000000000005 |                          0.0000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-16 |                         -0.00000000000000010000000000000001 |                         -0.00000000000000010000000000000001 |                         0.00000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-17 |                        -0.000000000000000010000000000000000 |                        -0.000000000000000010000000000000000 |                        0.000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-18 |                       -0.0000000000000000010000000000000000 |                       -0.0000000000000000010000000000000000 |                       0.0000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-19 |                      -0.00000000000000000010000000000000000 |                      -0.00000000000000000010000000000000000 |                      0.00000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-20 |                     -0.000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                     -0.000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                     0.000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-21 |                    -0.0000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                    -0.0000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                    0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-22 |                   -0.00000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                   -0.00000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                   0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-23 |                  -0.000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                  -0.000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                  0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-24 |                 -0.0000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                 -0.0000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-25 |                -0.00000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                -0.00000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-26 |               -0.000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |               -0.000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |               0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-27 |              -0.0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |              -0.0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |              0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-28 |             -0.00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |             -0.00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |             0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-29 |            -0.000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |            -0.000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |            0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-30 |           -0.0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |           -0.0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |           0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-31 |          -0.00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |          -0.00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |          0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-32 |         -0.000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |         -0.000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |         0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-33 |        -0.0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |        -0.0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |        0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-34 |       -0.00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |       -0.00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |       0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-35 |      -0.000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |      -0.000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |      0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-36 |     -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |     -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |     0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-37 |    -0.00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |    -0.00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |    0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-38 |   -0.000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |   -0.000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |   0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-39 |  -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |  -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |  0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-1.0e-40 | -0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+(40 rows)
+
+-- input very close to but larger than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40}
+-- do
+--   l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1+10^-$p)" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "('1.0e-$p', $l),"
+-- done
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('1.0e-1', .09531017980432486),
+('1.0e-2', .009950330853168083),
+('1.0e-3', .0009995003330835332),
+('1.0e-4', .00009999500033330834),
+('1.0e-5', .000009999950000333331),
+('1.0e-6', .0000009999995000003333),
+('1.0e-7', .00000009999999500000033),
+('1.0e-8', .000000009999999950000000),
+('1.0e-9', .0000000009999999995000000),
+('1.0e-10', .00000000009999999999500000),
+('1.0e-11', .000000000009999999999950000),
+('1.0e-12', .0000000000009999999999995000),
+('1.0e-13', .00000000000009999999999999500),
+('1.0e-14', .000000000000009999999999999950),
+('1.0e-15', .0000000000000009999999999999995),
+('1.0e-16', .00000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-17', .000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-18', .0000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-19', .00000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-20', .000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-21', .0000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-22', .00000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-23', .000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-24', .0000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-25', .00000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-26', .000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-27', .0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-28', .00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-30', .0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-31', .00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-32', .000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-33', .0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-34', .00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-35', .000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-37', .00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-38', .000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-39', .0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-40', .00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000))
+SELECT '1+'||x, bc_result, ln(1.0+x::numeric), ln(1.0+x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+ ?column?  |                         bc_result                          |                             ln                             |                            diff                            
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1+1.0e-1  |                                        0.09531017980432486 |                                        0.09531017980432486 |                                        0.00000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-2  |                                       0.009950330853168083 |                                       0.009950330853168083 |                                       0.000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-3  |                                      0.0009995003330835332 |                                      0.0009995003330835332 |                                      0.0000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-4  |                                     0.00009999500033330834 |                                     0.00009999500033330834 |                                     0.00000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-5  |                                    0.000009999950000333331 |                                    0.000009999950000333331 |                                    0.000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-6  |                                   0.0000009999995000003333 |                                   0.0000009999995000003333 |                                   0.0000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-7  |                                  0.00000009999999500000033 |                                  0.00000009999999500000033 |                                  0.00000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-8  |                                 0.000000009999999950000000 |                                 0.000000009999999950000000 |                                 0.000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-9  |                                0.0000000009999999995000000 |                                0.0000000009999999995000000 |                                0.0000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-10 |                               0.00000000009999999999500000 |                               0.00000000009999999999500000 |                               0.00000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-11 |                              0.000000000009999999999950000 |                              0.000000000009999999999950000 |                              0.000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-12 |                             0.0000000000009999999999995000 |                             0.0000000000009999999999995000 |                             0.0000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-13 |                            0.00000000000009999999999999500 |                            0.00000000000009999999999999500 |                            0.00000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-14 |                           0.000000000000009999999999999950 |                           0.000000000000009999999999999950 |                           0.000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-15 |                          0.0000000000000009999999999999995 |                          0.0000000000000009999999999999995 |                          0.0000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-16 |                         0.00000000000000010000000000000000 |                         0.00000000000000010000000000000000 |                         0.00000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-17 |                        0.000000000000000010000000000000000 |                        0.000000000000000010000000000000000 |                        0.000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-18 |                       0.0000000000000000010000000000000000 |                       0.0000000000000000010000000000000000 |                       0.0000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-19 |                      0.00000000000000000010000000000000000 |                      0.00000000000000000010000000000000000 |                      0.00000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-20 |                     0.000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                     0.000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                     0.000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-21 |                    0.0000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                    0.0000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                    0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-22 |                   0.00000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                   0.00000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                   0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-23 |                  0.000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                  0.000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                  0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-24 |                 0.0000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                 0.0000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-25 |                0.00000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                0.00000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |                0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-26 |               0.000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |               0.000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |               0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-27 |              0.0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |              0.0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |              0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-28 |             0.00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |             0.00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |             0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-29 |            0.000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |            0.000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |            0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-30 |           0.0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |           0.0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |           0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-31 |          0.00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |          0.00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |          0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-32 |         0.000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |         0.000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |         0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-33 |        0.0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |        0.0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |        0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-34 |       0.00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |       0.00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |       0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-35 |      0.000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |      0.000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |      0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-36 |     0.0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |     0.0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |     0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-37 |    0.00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |    0.00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |    0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-38 |   0.000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |   0.000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |   0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-39 |  0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |  0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 |  0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+1.0e-40 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+(40 rows)
+
+-- input very large
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40}
+-- do
+--   l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(10^$p)" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "('1.0e$p', $l),"
+-- done
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('1.0e1', 2.3025850929940457),
+('1.0e2', 4.6051701859880914),
+('1.0e3', 6.9077552789821371),
+('1.0e4', 9.2103403719761827),
+('1.0e5', 11.512925464970228),
+('1.0e6', 13.815510557964274),
+('1.0e7', 16.118095650958320),
+('1.0e8', 18.420680743952365),
+('1.0e9', 20.723265836946411),
+('1.0e10', 23.025850929940457),
+('1.0e11', 25.328436022934503),
+('1.0e12', 27.631021115928548),
+('1.0e13', 29.933606208922594),
+('1.0e14', 32.236191301916640),
+('1.0e15', 34.538776394910685),
+('1.0e16', 36.841361487904731),
+('1.0e17', 39.143946580898777),
+('1.0e18', 41.446531673892822),
+('1.0e19', 43.749116766886868),
+('1.0e20', 46.051701859880914),
+('1.0e21', 48.354286952874959),
+('1.0e22', 50.656872045869005),
+('1.0e23', 52.959457138863051),
+('1.0e24', 55.262042231857096),
+('1.0e25', 57.564627324851142),
+('1.0e26', 59.867212417845188),
+('1.0e27', 62.169797510839233),
+('1.0e28', 64.472382603833279),
+('1.0e29', 66.774967696827325),
+('1.0e30', 69.077552789821371),
+('1.0e31', 71.380137882815416),
+('1.0e32', 73.682722975809462),
+('1.0e33', 75.985308068803508),
+('1.0e34', 78.287893161797553),
+('1.0e35', 80.590478254791599),
+('1.0e36', 82.893063347785645),
+('1.0e37', 85.195648440779690),
+('1.0e38', 87.498233533773736),
+('1.0e39', 89.800818626767782),
+('1.0e40', 92.103403719761827))
+SELECT x, bc_result, ln(x::numeric), ln(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+   x    |     bc_result      |         ln         |        diff        
+--------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+ 1.0e1  | 2.3025850929940457 | 2.3025850929940457 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 1.0e2  | 4.6051701859880914 | 4.6051701859880914 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 1.0e3  | 6.9077552789821371 | 6.9077552789821371 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 1.0e4  | 9.2103403719761827 | 9.2103403719761827 | 0.0000000000000000
+ 1.0e5  | 11.512925464970228 | 11.512925464970228 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e6  | 13.815510557964274 | 13.815510557964274 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e7  | 16.118095650958320 | 16.118095650958320 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e8  | 18.420680743952365 | 18.420680743952365 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e9  | 20.723265836946411 | 20.723265836946411 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e10 | 23.025850929940457 | 23.025850929940457 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e11 | 25.328436022934503 | 25.328436022934503 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e12 | 27.631021115928548 | 27.631021115928548 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e13 | 29.933606208922594 | 29.933606208922594 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e14 | 32.236191301916640 | 32.236191301916640 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e15 | 34.538776394910685 | 34.538776394910685 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e16 | 36.841361487904731 | 36.841361487904731 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e17 | 39.143946580898777 | 39.143946580898777 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e18 | 41.446531673892822 | 41.446531673892822 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e19 | 43.749116766886868 | 43.749116766886868 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e20 | 46.051701859880914 | 46.051701859880914 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e21 | 48.354286952874959 | 48.354286952874959 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e22 | 50.656872045869005 | 50.656872045869005 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e23 | 52.959457138863051 | 52.959457138863051 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e24 | 55.262042231857096 | 55.262042231857096 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e25 | 57.564627324851142 | 57.564627324851142 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e26 | 59.867212417845188 | 59.867212417845188 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e27 | 62.169797510839233 | 62.169797510839233 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e28 | 64.472382603833279 | 64.472382603833279 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e29 | 66.774967696827325 | 66.774967696827325 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e30 | 69.077552789821371 | 69.077552789821371 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e31 | 71.380137882815416 | 71.380137882815416 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e32 | 73.682722975809462 | 73.682722975809462 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e33 | 75.985308068803508 | 75.985308068803508 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e34 | 78.287893161797553 | 78.287893161797553 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e35 | 80.590478254791599 | 80.590478254791599 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e36 | 82.893063347785645 | 82.893063347785645 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e37 | 85.195648440779690 | 85.195648440779690 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e38 | 87.498233533773736 | 87.498233533773736 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e39 | 89.800818626767782 | 89.800818626767782 |  0.000000000000000
+ 1.0e40 | 92.103403719761827 | 92.103403719761827 |  0.000000000000000
+(40 rows)
+
+-- input huge
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 1000 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..10}
+-- do
+--   l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=1000 ; l(10^${p}00)" | head -n 1)
+--  echo "('1.0e${p}00', $l),"
+-- done
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('1.0e100', 230.25850929940457),
+('1.0e200', 460.51701859880914),
+('1.0e300', 690.77552789821371),
+('1.0e400', 921.03403719761827),
+('1.0e500', 1151.2925464970228),
+('1.0e600', 1381.5510557964274),
+('1.0e700', 1611.8095650958320),
+('1.0e800', 1842.0680743952365),
+('1.0e900', 2072.3265836946411),
+('1.0e1000', 2302.5850929940457))
+SELECT x, bc_result, ln(x::numeric), ln(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+    x     |     bc_result      |         ln         |       diff       
+----------+--------------------+--------------------+------------------
+ 1.0e100  | 230.25850929940457 | 230.25850929940457 | 0.00000000000000
+ 1.0e200  | 460.51701859880914 | 460.51701859880914 | 0.00000000000000
+ 1.0e300  | 690.77552789821371 | 690.77552789821371 | 0.00000000000000
+ 1.0e400  | 921.03403719761827 | 921.03403719761827 | 0.00000000000000
+ 1.0e500  | 1151.2925464970228 | 1151.2925464970228 |  0.0000000000000
+ 1.0e600  | 1381.5510557964274 | 1381.5510557964274 |  0.0000000000000
+ 1.0e700  | 1611.8095650958320 | 1611.8095650958320 |  0.0000000000000
+ 1.0e800  | 1842.0680743952365 | 1842.0680743952365 |  0.0000000000000
+ 1.0e900  | 2072.3265836946411 | 2072.3265836946411 |  0.0000000000000
+ 1.0e1000 | 2302.5850929940457 | 2302.5850929940457 |  0.0000000000000
+(10 rows)
+
+-- inputs with 1000 decimal places
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 2000 and rounded to 1000 decimal
+-- places
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(484990182159328900690402236933516249572671683638747490717351807610531884491845416923860371219625151551889257298200816555016472471293780254009492949585031653913930735918829139712249577547959394351523545901788627247613322896296041868431769047433229466634098452564756860190085118463828382895145244362033728480588969626012192733802377468089120757046364393407262957242230928854711898925295251902007136232994524624903257456111389508582206404271734668422903183500589303866613158037169610592539145461637447957948521714058034772237111009429638870236361143304703683377693378577075353794118557951847394763531830696578809001981568860219578880229402696449243344235099860421846016326538272155937175661905904288335499593232232926636205909086901191153907183842087577811871344870731324067822883041265129394268082883745408414994.8967939438561591657171240282983703914075472645212002662497023142663831371447287624846942598424990784971781730103682951722370983277124599054059027055336437808366784501932987082321905202623642371063626378290734289114618092750984153422293450048717769065428713836637664433167768445609659527458911187829232316677137895259433038764404970599325009178297626038331436654541552998098529141205301472138026818453893127265938030066392881979113522757891639646670670272542401773230506961559808927249585675430838495658225557294666522469887436551840596777627408780618586500922973500018513068499587683746133637919751545157547095670767246977244726331271787622126889459658539988980096764323712767863722912919120929339399753431689512753214200090670880647731689804555417871258907716687575767185444541243606329768784843125926070743277339790277626515824924290352180761378846035233155198504033292692893297993698953705472933411199778880561376633444249703838589180474329586470353212010427945060694794274109764269805332803290229,
+ 1864.3702986939570026328504202935192533137907736189919154633800554877738455118081651650863235106905871352085850240570561347180517240105510505203972860921397909573687877993477806728098306202020229409548306695695574102950949468160529713610952021974630774784174851619325758380143625473386495586347322798415543385655090746985183329114860118551572428921774322172798724455202876781611633419444058398798142214904998877857425038669920064728855823072107227506485770367799671977282350083029452784747350395161797215115525867416898416360638482342253129160308632504217096916335590470843180746834864303790913372081974355613359678634194879425862536147988835528973291020680020540866655622823550861337486588647231688134992810403147262346312159819432914207194632564009749236609081399504118359354620598232725290537215007867979331582119891661859015726276335168158288396939655310210558566592649049602925182137256134162660116182293851038854455437841571331011002023088829768308520393956515509475418031437505751407687618234418262),
+(87190145885430429849953615409019208993240447426362428988181639909267773304254748257120061524000254226856815085523676417146197197996896030672521334101413071112068202429835905642444187493717977611730127126387257253646790849384975208460867137315507010888782632024640844766297185244443116696943912406389670302370461137850160539373600494054874979342373255280815156048999900951842673141766630630919020492255966628630634124452614590400422133958133100159154995520080124736657520969784129924799670552560034302960877087853678350801769339861812435411200669026902417951572668727488315537985378304242438181615160041688723201917323705450185975141141262578884689500612295576288125956289035673242989906973367691922065122033180281670221390667818909912035903387888639331486823729897326624516015340.0330856710565117793999512551468220085711713631167607285185762046751452975325645379302403715842570486302993296501788672462090620871511446272026693318239212657949496275318383141403236705902077406660768573015707706831878445598837931116223956945944726162551477136715847593742032488181481888084716920605114101902724395659898621880016853548602514706686907951229872573180602614761229992106144727082722940736406782659562775289407005631298246624198606031298081220736931229256511054595028182057216042683060059115371651410352645266000330509331097811566633211452233019461903115970558624057877018778178814946285827512359903934291318219271464841957435711594154280905473802599888081783098187210283997106131616471807951265003903143099667366508222327805543948921694362089860577380749774036318574113007382111997454202845559941557812813566442364810680529092880773126707073967537693927177460459341763934709686530005721141046645111784404932103241501569571235364365556796422998363930810983452790309019295181282099408260156,
+ 1793.5767085750017553306932533574391150814202249805881581227430032600579405884415934520704053351781361105595296647510475380766428668443641914861849764330704062323054023252886955844207807229267936432730818329225450152491146839618683772020068682795388746108876393249306737841247788224204701299467519965182171772253974884845661168860422489046657965359832930382114760565628765599962013955588754803194908990025689040598990346417563277021386852342928910383706995866844541160576254266641602065102228267316550706943783591722246885978355472097314691737807509436806788803362444745551013400341861820755594413819894154786253014501454443272120342005711761286524843010157182464200556865694401941794983935172457481497909987740544409272349152397774548604845897687504977786762391359552407068124283290504752932824699865504970420939586707791994870941813718246825616335675307740641350673558328821461530563823677144691877374809441673507467507447891562257806191361453045937798278733402269265623588493124129181374135958668436774),
+(93936642222690597390233191619858485419795942047468396309991947772747208870873993801669373075421461116465960407843923269693395211616591453397070258466704654943689268224479477016161636938138334729982904232438440955361656138189836032891825113139184685132178764873033678116450665758561650355252211196676137179184043639278410827092182700922151290703747496962700158844772453483316974221113826173404445159281421213715669245417896170368554410830320000019029956317336703559699859949692222685614036912057150632902650913831404804982509990655560731349634628713944739168096272097122388116038119844786988276635032016787352796502360718569977397214936366251320294621522016.6483354941025384161536675750898007896744690911429670830432784905421638721478353275821072200938900938046264210604940707974410950770029535636602548377806284157951164875821446035013896786653932045182167021839184824627082391478016195098055107001433336586881395912782883663046617432598969149948351689103230162742769845955320418573803127107923535948653168889411316007796459064267436246637115946581149511513369842911210359447262641996566147462977170742544980481275049898092152042927981394239266559286915303786701737610786594006685748456635797125029722684151298695274097006242412384086302106763844070230264910503179385988626477852818174114043927841085089058972074427820150462261941575665882880501074676800316585217150509780489224388148722603385921057007086785238310735038314861960410473809826927329368597558806004392175746233568789445929554890241140656324160187253042639339549705859147930476532359840809944163908006480881926041259363654863689570520534301207043189181147254153307163555433328278834311658232337,
+ 1510.4332713542154696529645934345554302578243896764921637693542962119938599884313210100957753316832762996428481801312323020427109678979117469716796746760060470871840325255146954580681101106876674367471955788143763250819168311353856748872452260808797135108102729064040463343792765872545182299889360257515315869180266759715933989413256377582681707188367254513700731642913479683031478361835565783219287780434673712341147656477670848734998849030451414278832848680301511646182446524915091598080243532068451726548537866633622180283865668708517173065893429240665300584705585310049892047293928733753369421499719516009692095913169665213597158441636480707309244604139865130782756488091268094213446272360006907802989573582755585110277620911226015342778471352130366770729972784317323917141031824334355639769512749560550167491709646539950725523461943580211843652293561678342656010571108219244870234329176123205423872844099992204896411752620881541000940129833754169391528449211839693800724450201835161044717173715867437))
+SELECT trim_scale(ln(x::numeric)-bc_result) AS diff FROM t;
+ diff 
+------
+    0
+    0
+    0
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- Tests for LOG() (base 10)
+--
+-- input very small, exact result known
+WITH t(x) AS (SELECT '1e-'||n FROM generate_series(1, 100) g(n))
+SELECT x, log(x::numeric) FROM t;
+   x    |                                                    log                                                    
+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1e-1   |                                                                                       -1.0000000000000000
+ 1e-2   |                                                                                       -2.0000000000000000
+ 1e-3   |                                                                                       -3.0000000000000000
+ 1e-4   |                                                                                       -4.0000000000000000
+ 1e-5   |                                                                                        -5.000000000000000
+ 1e-6   |                                                                                        -6.000000000000000
+ 1e-7   |                                                                                        -7.000000000000000
+ 1e-8   |                                                                                        -8.000000000000000
+ 1e-9   |                                                                                        -9.000000000000000
+ 1e-10  |                                                                                       -10.000000000000000
+ 1e-11  |                                                                                       -11.000000000000000
+ 1e-12  |                                                                                       -12.000000000000000
+ 1e-13  |                                                                                       -13.000000000000000
+ 1e-14  |                                                                                       -14.000000000000000
+ 1e-15  |                                                                                       -15.000000000000000
+ 1e-16  |                                                                                      -16.0000000000000000
+ 1e-17  |                                                                                     -17.00000000000000000
+ 1e-18  |                                                                                    -18.000000000000000000
+ 1e-19  |                                                                                   -19.0000000000000000000
+ 1e-20  |                                                                                  -20.00000000000000000000
+ 1e-21  |                                                                                 -21.000000000000000000000
+ 1e-22  |                                                                                -22.0000000000000000000000
+ 1e-23  |                                                                               -23.00000000000000000000000
+ 1e-24  |                                                                              -24.000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-25  |                                                                             -25.0000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-26  |                                                                            -26.00000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-27  |                                                                           -27.000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-28  |                                                                          -28.0000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-29  |                                                                         -29.00000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-30  |                                                                        -30.000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-31  |                                                                       -31.0000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-32  |                                                                      -32.00000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-33  |                                                                     -33.000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-34  |                                                                    -34.0000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-35  |                                                                   -35.00000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-36  |                                                                  -36.000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-37  |                                                                 -37.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-38  |                                                                -38.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-39  |                                                               -39.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-40  |                                                              -40.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-41  |                                                             -41.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-42  |                                                            -42.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-43  |                                                           -43.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-44  |                                                          -44.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-45  |                                                         -45.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-46  |                                                        -46.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-47  |                                                       -47.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-48  |                                                      -48.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-49  |                                                     -49.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-50  |                                                    -50.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-51  |                                                   -51.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-52  |                                                  -52.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-53  |                                                 -53.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-54  |                                                -54.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-55  |                                               -55.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-56  |                                              -56.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-57  |                                             -57.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-58  |                                            -58.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-59  |                                           -59.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-60  |                                          -60.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-61  |                                         -61.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-62  |                                        -62.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-63  |                                       -63.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-64  |                                      -64.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-65  |                                     -65.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-66  |                                    -66.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-67  |                                   -67.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-68  |                                  -68.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-69  |                                 -69.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-70  |                                -70.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-71  |                               -71.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-72  |                              -72.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-73  |                             -73.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-74  |                            -74.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-75  |                           -75.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-76  |                          -76.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-77  |                         -77.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-78  |                        -78.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-79  |                       -79.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-80  |                      -80.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-81  |                     -81.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-82  |                    -82.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-83  |                   -83.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-84  |                  -84.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-85  |                 -85.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-86  |                -86.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-87  |               -87.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-88  |              -88.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-89  |             -89.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-90  |            -90.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-91  |           -91.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-92  |          -92.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-93  |         -93.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-94  |        -94.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-95  |       -95.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-96  |      -96.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-97  |     -97.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-98  |    -98.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-99  |   -99.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1e-100 | -100.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+(100 rows)
+
+-- input very small, non-exact results
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..50..7}
+-- do
+--   for d in {9..1..3}
+--   do
+--     l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l($d*10^-$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
+--     echo "('${d}.0e-$p', $l),"
+--   done
+-- done
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('9.0e-1', -.04575749056067513),
+('6.0e-1', -.2218487496163564),
+('3.0e-1', -.5228787452803376),
+('9.0e-8', -7.045757490560675),
+('6.0e-8', -7.221848749616356),
+('3.0e-8', -7.522878745280338),
+('9.0e-15', -14.0457574905606751),
+('6.0e-15', -14.2218487496163564),
+('3.0e-15', -14.5228787452803376),
+('9.0e-22', -21.04575749056067512540994),
+('6.0e-22', -21.22184874961635636749123),
+('3.0e-22', -21.52287874528033756270497),
+('9.0e-29', -28.045757490560675125409944193490),
+('6.0e-29', -28.221848749616356367491233202020),
+('3.0e-29', -28.522878745280337562704972096745),
+('9.0e-36', -35.0457574905606751254099441934897693816),
+('6.0e-36', -35.2218487496163563674912332020203916640),
+('3.0e-36', -35.5228787452803375627049720967448846908),
+('9.0e-43', -42.04575749056067512540994419348976938159974227),
+('6.0e-43', -42.22184874961635636749123320202039166403168125),
+('3.0e-43', -42.52287874528033756270497209674488469079987114),
+('9.0e-50', -49.045757490560675125409944193489769381599742271618608),
+('6.0e-50', -49.221848749616356367491233202020391664031681254347196),
+('3.0e-50', -49.522878745280337562704972096744884690799871135809304))
+SELECT x, bc_result, log(x::numeric), log(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+    x    |                        bc_result                        |                           log                           |                         diff                          
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------
+ 9.0e-1  |                                    -0.04575749056067513 |                                    -0.04575749056067513 |                                   0.00000000000000000
+ 6.0e-1  |                                     -0.2218487496163564 |                                     -0.2218487496163564 |                                    0.0000000000000000
+ 3.0e-1  |                                     -0.5228787452803376 |                                     -0.5228787452803376 |                                    0.0000000000000000
+ 9.0e-8  |                                      -7.045757490560675 |                                      -7.045757490560675 |                                     0.000000000000000
+ 6.0e-8  |                                      -7.221848749616356 |                                      -7.221848749616356 |                                     0.000000000000000
+ 3.0e-8  |                                      -7.522878745280338 |                                      -7.522878745280338 |                                     0.000000000000000
+ 9.0e-15 |                                    -14.0457574905606751 |                                    -14.0457574905606751 |                                    0.0000000000000000
+ 6.0e-15 |                                    -14.2218487496163564 |                                    -14.2218487496163564 |                                    0.0000000000000000
+ 3.0e-15 |                                    -14.5228787452803376 |                                    -14.5228787452803376 |                                    0.0000000000000000
+ 9.0e-22 |                             -21.04575749056067512540994 |                             -21.04575749056067512540994 |                             0.00000000000000000000000
+ 6.0e-22 |                             -21.22184874961635636749123 |                             -21.22184874961635636749123 |                             0.00000000000000000000000
+ 3.0e-22 |                             -21.52287874528033756270497 |                             -21.52287874528033756270497 |                             0.00000000000000000000000
+ 9.0e-29 |                      -28.045757490560675125409944193490 |                      -28.045757490560675125409944193490 |                      0.000000000000000000000000000000
+ 6.0e-29 |                      -28.221848749616356367491233202020 |                      -28.221848749616356367491233202020 |                      0.000000000000000000000000000000
+ 3.0e-29 |                      -28.522878745280337562704972096745 |                      -28.522878745280337562704972096745 |                      0.000000000000000000000000000000
+ 9.0e-36 |               -35.0457574905606751254099441934897693816 |               -35.0457574905606751254099441934897693816 |               0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 6.0e-36 |               -35.2218487496163563674912332020203916640 |               -35.2218487496163563674912332020203916640 |               0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 3.0e-36 |               -35.5228787452803375627049720967448846908 |               -35.5228787452803375627049720967448846908 |               0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 9.0e-43 |        -42.04575749056067512540994419348976938159974227 |        -42.04575749056067512540994419348976938159974227 |        0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 6.0e-43 |        -42.22184874961635636749123320202039166403168125 |        -42.22184874961635636749123320202039166403168125 |        0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 3.0e-43 |        -42.52287874528033756270497209674488469079987114 |        -42.52287874528033756270497209674488469079987114 |        0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 9.0e-50 | -49.045757490560675125409944193489769381599742271618608 | -49.045757490560675125409944193489769381599742271618608 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 6.0e-50 | -49.221848749616356367491233202020391664031681254347196 | -49.221848749616356367491233202020391664031681254347196 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 3.0e-50 | -49.522878745280337562704972096744884690799871135809304 | -49.522878745280337562704972096744884690799871135809304 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+(24 rows)
+
+-- input very close to but smaller than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40..7}
+-- do
+--   for d in {9..1..3}
+--   do
+--     l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1-$d*10^-$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
+--     echo "('${d}.0e-$p', $l),"
+--   done
+-- done
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('9.0e-1', -1.0000000000000000),
+('6.0e-1', -.3979400086720376),
+('3.0e-1', -.1549019599857432),
+('9.0e-8', -.000000039086505130185422),
+('6.0e-8', -.000000026057669695925208),
+('3.0e-8', -.000000013028834652530076),
+('9.0e-15', -.0000000000000039086503371292840),
+('6.0e-15', -.0000000000000026057668914195188),
+('3.0e-15', -.0000000000000013028834457097574),
+('9.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000013028834457097555),
+('9.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555),
+('9.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555))
+SELECT '1-'||x, bc_result, log(1.0-x::numeric), log(1.0-x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+ ?column?  |                        bc_result                        |                           log                           |                          diff                          
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------
+ 1-9.0e-1  |                                     -1.0000000000000000 |                                     -1.0000000000000000 |                                     0.0000000000000000
+ 1-6.0e-1  |                                     -0.3979400086720376 |                                     -0.3979400086720376 |                                     0.0000000000000000
+ 1-3.0e-1  |                                     -0.1549019599857432 |                                     -0.1549019599857432 |                                     0.0000000000000000
+ 1-9.0e-8  |                             -0.000000039086505130185422 |                             -0.000000039086505130185422 |                             0.000000000000000000000000
+ 1-6.0e-8  |                             -0.000000026057669695925208 |                             -0.000000026057669695925208 |                             0.000000000000000000000000
+ 1-3.0e-8  |                             -0.000000013028834652530076 |                             -0.000000013028834652530076 |                             0.000000000000000000000000
+ 1-9.0e-15 |                      -0.0000000000000039086503371292840 |                      -0.0000000000000039086503371292840 |                      0.0000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-6.0e-15 |                      -0.0000000000000026057668914195188 |                      -0.0000000000000026057668914195188 |                      0.0000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-3.0e-15 |                      -0.0000000000000013028834457097574 |                      -0.0000000000000013028834457097574 |                      0.0000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-9.0e-22 |               -0.00000000000000000000039086503371292664 |               -0.00000000000000000000039086503371292664 |               0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-6.0e-22 |               -0.00000000000000000000026057668914195110 |               -0.00000000000000000000026057668914195110 |               0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-3.0e-22 |               -0.00000000000000000000013028834457097555 |               -0.00000000000000000000013028834457097555 |               0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-9.0e-29 |        -0.000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 |        -0.000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 |        0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-6.0e-29 |        -0.000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 |        -0.000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 |        0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-3.0e-29 |        -0.000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 |        -0.000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 |        0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-9.0e-36 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-6.0e-36 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1-3.0e-36 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+(18 rows)
+
+-- input very close to but larger than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40..7}
+-- do
+--   for d in {9..1..3}
+--   do
+--     l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1+$d*10^-$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
+--     echo "('${d}.0e-$p', $l),"
+--   done
+-- done
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('9.0e-1', .2787536009528290),
+('6.0e-1', .2041199826559248),
+('3.0e-1', .1139433523068368),
+('9.0e-8', .000000039086501612400118),
+('6.0e-8', .000000026057668132465074),
+('3.0e-8', .000000013028834261665042),
+('9.0e-15', .0000000000000039086503371292489),
+('6.0e-15', .0000000000000026057668914195031),
+('3.0e-15', .0000000000000013028834457097535),
+('9.0e-22', .00000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-22', .00000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-22', .00000000000000000000013028834457097555),
+('9.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555),
+('9.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555))
+SELECT '1+'||x, bc_result, log(1.0+x::numeric), log(1.0+x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+ ?column?  |                       bc_result                        |                          log                           |                          diff                          
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------
+ 1+9.0e-1  |                                     0.2787536009528290 |                                     0.2787536009528290 |                                     0.0000000000000000
+ 1+6.0e-1  |                                     0.2041199826559248 |                                     0.2041199826559248 |                                     0.0000000000000000
+ 1+3.0e-1  |                                     0.1139433523068368 |                                     0.1139433523068368 |                                     0.0000000000000000
+ 1+9.0e-8  |                             0.000000039086501612400118 |                             0.000000039086501612400118 |                             0.000000000000000000000000
+ 1+6.0e-8  |                             0.000000026057668132465074 |                             0.000000026057668132465074 |                             0.000000000000000000000000
+ 1+3.0e-8  |                             0.000000013028834261665042 |                             0.000000013028834261665042 |                             0.000000000000000000000000
+ 1+9.0e-15 |                      0.0000000000000039086503371292489 |                      0.0000000000000039086503371292489 |                      0.0000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+6.0e-15 |                      0.0000000000000026057668914195031 |                      0.0000000000000026057668914195031 |                      0.0000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+3.0e-15 |                      0.0000000000000013028834457097535 |                      0.0000000000000013028834457097535 |                      0.0000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+9.0e-22 |               0.00000000000000000000039086503371292664 |               0.00000000000000000000039086503371292664 |               0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+6.0e-22 |               0.00000000000000000000026057668914195110 |               0.00000000000000000000026057668914195110 |               0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+3.0e-22 |               0.00000000000000000000013028834457097555 |               0.00000000000000000000013028834457097555 |               0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+9.0e-29 |        0.000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 |        0.000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 |        0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+6.0e-29 |        0.000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 |        0.000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 |        0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+3.0e-29 |        0.000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 |        0.000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 |        0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+9.0e-36 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+6.0e-36 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+ 1+3.0e-36 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+(18 rows)
+
+-- input very large, exact result known
+WITH t(x) AS (SELECT '1e'||n FROM generate_series(1, 100) g(n))
+SELECT x, log(x::numeric) FROM t;
+   x   |        log         
+-------+--------------------
+ 1e1   | 1.0000000000000000
+ 1e2   | 2.0000000000000000
+ 1e3   | 3.0000000000000000
+ 1e4   | 4.0000000000000000
+ 1e5   |  5.000000000000000
+ 1e6   |  6.000000000000000
+ 1e7   |  7.000000000000000
+ 1e8   |  8.000000000000000
+ 1e9   |  9.000000000000000
+ 1e10  | 10.000000000000000
+ 1e11  | 11.000000000000000
+ 1e12  | 12.000000000000000
+ 1e13  | 13.000000000000000
+ 1e14  | 14.000000000000000
+ 1e15  | 15.000000000000000
+ 1e16  | 16.000000000000000
+ 1e17  | 17.000000000000000
+ 1e18  | 18.000000000000000
+ 1e19  | 19.000000000000000
+ 1e20  | 20.000000000000000
+ 1e21  | 21.000000000000000
+ 1e22  | 22.000000000000000
+ 1e23  | 23.000000000000000
+ 1e24  | 24.000000000000000
+ 1e25  | 25.000000000000000
+ 1e26  | 26.000000000000000
+ 1e27  | 27.000000000000000
+ 1e28  | 28.000000000000000
+ 1e29  | 29.000000000000000
+ 1e30  | 30.000000000000000
+ 1e31  | 31.000000000000000
+ 1e32  | 32.000000000000000
+ 1e33  | 33.000000000000000
+ 1e34  | 34.000000000000000
+ 1e35  | 35.000000000000000
+ 1e36  | 36.000000000000000
+ 1e37  | 37.000000000000000
+ 1e38  | 38.000000000000000
+ 1e39  | 39.000000000000000
+ 1e40  | 40.000000000000000
+ 1e41  | 41.000000000000000
+ 1e42  | 42.000000000000000
+ 1e43  | 43.000000000000000
+ 1e44  |  44.00000000000000
+ 1e45  |  45.00000000000000
+ 1e46  |  46.00000000000000
+ 1e47  |  47.00000000000000
+ 1e48  |  48.00000000000000
+ 1e49  |  49.00000000000000
+ 1e50  |  50.00000000000000
+ 1e51  |  51.00000000000000
+ 1e52  |  52.00000000000000
+ 1e53  |  53.00000000000000
+ 1e54  |  54.00000000000000
+ 1e55  |  55.00000000000000
+ 1e56  |  56.00000000000000
+ 1e57  |  57.00000000000000
+ 1e58  |  58.00000000000000
+ 1e59  |  59.00000000000000
+ 1e60  |  60.00000000000000
+ 1e61  |  61.00000000000000
+ 1e62  |  62.00000000000000
+ 1e63  |  63.00000000000000
+ 1e64  |  64.00000000000000
+ 1e65  |  65.00000000000000
+ 1e66  |  66.00000000000000
+ 1e67  |  67.00000000000000
+ 1e68  |  68.00000000000000
+ 1e69  |  69.00000000000000
+ 1e70  |  70.00000000000000
+ 1e71  |  71.00000000000000
+ 1e72  |  72.00000000000000
+ 1e73  |  73.00000000000000
+ 1e74  |  74.00000000000000
+ 1e75  |  75.00000000000000
+ 1e76  |  76.00000000000000
+ 1e77  |  77.00000000000000
+ 1e78  |  78.00000000000000
+ 1e79  |  79.00000000000000
+ 1e80  |  80.00000000000000
+ 1e81  |  81.00000000000000
+ 1e82  |  82.00000000000000
+ 1e83  |  83.00000000000000
+ 1e84  |  84.00000000000000
+ 1e85  |  85.00000000000000
+ 1e86  |  86.00000000000000
+ 1e87  |  87.00000000000000
+ 1e88  |  88.00000000000000
+ 1e89  |  89.00000000000000
+ 1e90  |  90.00000000000000
+ 1e91  |  91.00000000000000
+ 1e92  |  92.00000000000000
+ 1e93  |  93.00000000000000
+ 1e94  |  94.00000000000000
+ 1e95  |  95.00000000000000
+ 1e96  |  96.00000000000000
+ 1e97  |  97.00000000000000
+ 1e98  |  98.00000000000000
+ 1e99  |  99.00000000000000
+ 1e100 | 100.00000000000000
+(100 rows)
+
+-- input very large, non-exact results
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {10..50..7}
+--   do
+--   for d in {2..9..3}
+--   do
+--     l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l($d*10^$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
+--     echo "('${d}.0e$p', $l),"
+--   done
+-- done
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('2.0e10', 10.301029995663981),
+('5.0e10', 10.698970004336019),
+('8.0e10', 10.903089986991944),
+('2.0e17', 17.301029995663981),
+('5.0e17', 17.698970004336019),
+('8.0e17', 17.903089986991944),
+('2.0e24', 24.301029995663981),
+('5.0e24', 24.698970004336019),
+('8.0e24', 24.903089986991944),
+('2.0e31', 31.301029995663981),
+('5.0e31', 31.698970004336019),
+('8.0e31', 31.903089986991944),
+('2.0e38', 38.301029995663981),
+('5.0e38', 38.698970004336019),
+('8.0e38', 38.903089986991944),
+('2.0e45', 45.30102999566398),
+('5.0e45', 45.69897000433602),
+('8.0e45', 45.90308998699194))
+SELECT x, bc_result, log(x::numeric), log(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+   x    |     bc_result      |        log         |       diff        
+--------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------
+ 2.0e10 | 10.301029995663981 | 10.301029995663981 | 0.000000000000000
+ 5.0e10 | 10.698970004336019 | 10.698970004336019 | 0.000000000000000
+ 8.0e10 | 10.903089986991944 | 10.903089986991944 | 0.000000000000000
+ 2.0e17 | 17.301029995663981 | 17.301029995663981 | 0.000000000000000
+ 5.0e17 | 17.698970004336019 | 17.698970004336019 | 0.000000000000000
+ 8.0e17 | 17.903089986991944 | 17.903089986991944 | 0.000000000000000
+ 2.0e24 | 24.301029995663981 | 24.301029995663981 | 0.000000000000000
+ 5.0e24 | 24.698970004336019 | 24.698970004336019 | 0.000000000000000
+ 8.0e24 | 24.903089986991944 | 24.903089986991944 | 0.000000000000000
+ 2.0e31 | 31.301029995663981 | 31.301029995663981 | 0.000000000000000
+ 5.0e31 | 31.698970004336019 | 31.698970004336019 | 0.000000000000000
+ 8.0e31 | 31.903089986991944 | 31.903089986991944 | 0.000000000000000
+ 2.0e38 | 38.301029995663981 | 38.301029995663981 | 0.000000000000000
+ 5.0e38 | 38.698970004336019 | 38.698970004336019 | 0.000000000000000
+ 8.0e38 | 38.903089986991944 | 38.903089986991944 | 0.000000000000000
+ 2.0e45 |  45.30102999566398 |  45.30102999566398 |  0.00000000000000
+ 5.0e45 |  45.69897000433602 |  45.69897000433602 |  0.00000000000000
+ 8.0e45 |  45.90308998699194 |  45.90308998699194 |  0.00000000000000
+(18 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/numerology.out b/src/test/regress/expected/numerology.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77d4843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/numerology.out
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+--
+-- NUMEROLOGY
+-- Test various combinations of numeric types and functions.
+--
+--
+-- Trailing junk in numeric literals
+--
+SELECT 123abc;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "123a"
+LINE 1: SELECT 123abc;
+               ^
+SELECT 0x0o;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "0x"
+LINE 1: SELECT 0x0o;
+               ^
+SELECT 1_2_3;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "1_"
+LINE 1: SELECT 1_2_3;
+               ^
+SELECT 0.a;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "0.a"
+LINE 1: SELECT 0.a;
+               ^
+SELECT 0.0a;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "0.0a"
+LINE 1: SELECT 0.0a;
+               ^
+SELECT .0a;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near ".0a"
+LINE 1: SELECT .0a;
+               ^
+SELECT 0.0e1a;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "0.0e1a"
+LINE 1: SELECT 0.0e1a;
+               ^
+SELECT 0.0e;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "0.0e"
+LINE 1: SELECT 0.0e;
+               ^
+SELECT 0.0e+a;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after numeric literal at or near "0.0e+"
+LINE 1: SELECT 0.0e+a;
+               ^
+PREPARE p1 AS SELECT $1a;
+ERROR:  trailing junk after parameter at or near "$1a"
+LINE 1: PREPARE p1 AS SELECT $1a;
+                             ^
+--
+-- Test implicit type conversions
+-- This fails for Postgres v6.1 (and earlier?)
+--  so let's try explicit conversions for now - tgl 97/05/07
+--
+CREATE TABLE TEMP_FLOAT (f1 FLOAT8);
+INSERT INTO TEMP_FLOAT (f1)
+  SELECT float8(f1) FROM INT4_TBL;
+INSERT INTO TEMP_FLOAT (f1)
+  SELECT float8(f1) FROM INT2_TBL;
+SELECT f1 FROM TEMP_FLOAT
+  ORDER BY f1;
+     f1      
+-------------
+ -2147483647
+     -123456
+      -32767
+       -1234
+           0
+           0
+        1234
+       32767
+      123456
+  2147483647
+(10 rows)
+
+-- int4
+CREATE TABLE TEMP_INT4 (f1 INT4);
+INSERT INTO TEMP_INT4 (f1)
+  SELECT int4(f1) FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+  WHERE (f1 > -2147483647) AND (f1 < 2147483647);
+INSERT INTO TEMP_INT4 (f1)
+  SELECT int4(f1) FROM INT2_TBL;
+SELECT f1 FROM TEMP_INT4
+  ORDER BY f1;
+   f1   
+--------
+ -32767
+  -1234
+  -1004
+    -35
+      0
+      0
+      0
+   1234
+  32767
+(9 rows)
+
+-- int2
+CREATE TABLE TEMP_INT2 (f1 INT2);
+INSERT INTO TEMP_INT2 (f1)
+  SELECT int2(f1) FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+  WHERE (f1 >= -32767) AND (f1 <= 32767);
+INSERT INTO TEMP_INT2 (f1)
+  SELECT int2(f1) FROM INT4_TBL
+  WHERE (f1 >= -32767) AND (f1 <= 32767);
+SELECT f1 FROM TEMP_INT2
+  ORDER BY f1;
+  f1   
+-------
+ -1004
+   -35
+     0
+     0
+     0
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- Group-by combinations
+--
+CREATE TABLE TEMP_GROUP (f1 INT4, f2 INT4, f3 FLOAT8);
+INSERT INTO TEMP_GROUP
+  SELECT 1, (- i.f1), (- f.f1)
+  FROM INT4_TBL i, FLOAT8_TBL f;
+INSERT INTO TEMP_GROUP
+  SELECT 2, i.f1, f.f1
+  FROM INT4_TBL i, FLOAT8_TBL f;
+SELECT DISTINCT f1 AS two FROM TEMP_GROUP ORDER BY 1;
+ two 
+-----
+   1
+   2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS two, max(f3) AS max_float, min(f3) as min_float
+  FROM TEMP_GROUP
+  GROUP BY f1
+  ORDER BY two, max_float, min_float;
+ two |      max_float       |       min_float       
+-----+----------------------+-----------------------
+   1 | 1.2345678901234e+200 |                    -0
+   2 |                    0 | -1.2345678901234e+200
+(2 rows)
+
+-- GROUP BY a result column name is not legal per SQL92, but we accept it
+-- anyway (if the name is not the name of any column exposed by FROM).
+SELECT f1 AS two, max(f3) AS max_float, min(f3) AS min_float
+  FROM TEMP_GROUP
+  GROUP BY two
+  ORDER BY two, max_float, min_float;
+ two |      max_float       |       min_float       
+-----+----------------------+-----------------------
+   1 | 1.2345678901234e+200 |                    -0
+   2 |                    0 | -1.2345678901234e+200
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS two, (max(f3) + 1) AS max_plus_1, (min(f3) - 1) AS min_minus_1
+  FROM TEMP_GROUP
+  GROUP BY f1
+  ORDER BY two, min_minus_1;
+ two |      max_plus_1      |      min_minus_1      
+-----+----------------------+-----------------------
+   1 | 1.2345678901234e+200 |                    -1
+   2 |                    1 | -1.2345678901234e+200
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS two,
+       max(f2) + min(f2) AS max_plus_min,
+       min(f3) - 1 AS min_minus_1
+  FROM TEMP_GROUP
+  GROUP BY f1
+  ORDER BY two, min_minus_1;
+ two | max_plus_min |      min_minus_1      
+-----+--------------+-----------------------
+   1 |            0 |                    -1
+   2 |            0 | -1.2345678901234e+200
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE TEMP_INT2;
+DROP TABLE TEMP_INT4;
+DROP TABLE TEMP_FLOAT;
+DROP TABLE TEMP_GROUP;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/object_address.out b/src/test/regress/expected/object_address.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3549b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/object_address.out
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+--
+-- Test for pg_get_object_address
+--
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_addr_user;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE USER regress_addr_user;
+-- Test generic object addressing/identification functions
+CREATE SCHEMA addr_nsp;
+SET search_path TO 'addr_nsp';
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER addr_fdw;
+CREATE SERVER addr_fserv FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER addr_fdw;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY addr_ts_dict (template=simple);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION addr_ts_conf (copy=english);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE addr_ts_temp (lexize=dsimple_lexize);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER addr_ts_prs
+    (start = prsd_start, gettoken = prsd_nexttoken, end = prsd_end, lextypes = prsd_lextype);
+CREATE TABLE addr_nsp.gentable (
+	a serial primary key CONSTRAINT a_chk CHECK (a > 0),
+	b text DEFAULT 'hello');
+CREATE TABLE addr_nsp.parttable (
+	a int PRIMARY KEY
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE VIEW addr_nsp.genview AS SELECT * from addr_nsp.gentable;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW addr_nsp.genmatview AS SELECT * FROM addr_nsp.gentable;
+CREATE TYPE addr_nsp.gencomptype AS (a int);
+CREATE TYPE addr_nsp.genenum AS ENUM ('one', 'two');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE addr_nsp.genftable (a int) SERVER addr_fserv;
+CREATE AGGREGATE addr_nsp.genaggr(int4) (sfunc = int4pl, stype = int4);
+CREATE DOMAIN addr_nsp.gendomain AS int4 CONSTRAINT domconstr CHECK (value > 0);
+CREATE FUNCTION addr_nsp.trig() RETURNS TRIGGER LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ BEGIN END; $$;
+CREATE TRIGGER t BEFORE INSERT ON addr_nsp.gentable FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE addr_nsp.trig();
+CREATE POLICY genpol ON addr_nsp.gentable;
+CREATE PROCEDURE addr_nsp.proc(int4) LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ $$;
+CREATE SERVER "integer" FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER addr_fdw;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR regress_addr_user SERVER "integer";
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_addr_user IN SCHEMA public GRANT ALL ON TABLES TO regress_addr_user;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_addr_user REVOKE DELETE ON TABLES FROM regress_addr_user;
+-- this transform would be quite unsafe to leave lying around,
+-- except that the SQL language pays no attention to transforms:
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR int LANGUAGE SQL (
+	FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION prsd_lextype(internal),
+	TO SQL WITH FUNCTION int4recv(internal));
+-- suppress warning that depends on wal_level
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION addr_pub FOR TABLE addr_nsp.gentable;
+CREATE PUBLICATION addr_pub_schema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA addr_nsp;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_addr_sub CONNECTION '' PUBLICATION bar WITH (connect = false, slot_name = NONE);
+WARNING:  tables were not subscribed, you will have to run ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH PUBLICATION to subscribe the tables
+CREATE STATISTICS addr_nsp.gentable_stat ON a, b FROM addr_nsp.gentable;
+-- test some error cases
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('stone', '{}', '{}');
+ERROR:  unrecognized object type "stone"
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('table', '{}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be at least 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('table', '{NULL}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name or argument lists may not contain nulls
+-- unrecognized object types
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+	objtype text;
+BEGIN
+	FOR objtype IN VALUES ('toast table'), ('index column'), ('sequence column'),
+		('toast table column'), ('view column'), ('materialized view column')
+	LOOP
+		BEGIN
+			PERFORM pg_get_object_address(objtype, '{one}', '{}');
+		EXCEPTION WHEN invalid_parameter_value THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'error for %: %', objtype, sqlerrm;
+		END;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+WARNING:  error for toast table: unsupported object type "toast table"
+WARNING:  error for index column: unsupported object type "index column"
+WARNING:  error for sequence column: unsupported object type "sequence column"
+WARNING:  error for toast table column: unsupported object type "toast table column"
+WARNING:  error for view column: unsupported object type "view column"
+WARNING:  error for materialized view column: unsupported object type "materialized view column"
+-- miscellaneous other errors
+select * from pg_get_object_address('operator of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,1}', '{int4,bool}');
+ERROR:  operator 1 (int4, bool) of operator family integer_ops for access method btree does not exist
+select * from pg_get_object_address('operator of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,99}', '{int4,int4}');
+ERROR:  operator 99 (int4, int4) of operator family integer_ops for access method btree does not exist
+select * from pg_get_object_address('function of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,1}', '{int4,bool}');
+ERROR:  function 1 (int4, bool) of operator family integer_ops for access method btree does not exist
+select * from pg_get_object_address('function of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,99}', '{int4,int4}');
+ERROR:  function 99 (int4, int4) of operator family integer_ops for access method btree does not exist
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+	objtype text;
+	names	text[];
+	args	text[];
+BEGIN
+	FOR objtype IN VALUES
+		('table'), ('index'), ('sequence'), ('view'),
+		('materialized view'), ('foreign table'),
+		('table column'), ('foreign table column'),
+		('aggregate'), ('function'), ('procedure'), ('type'), ('cast'),
+		('table constraint'), ('domain constraint'), ('conversion'), ('default value'),
+		('operator'), ('operator class'), ('operator family'), ('rule'), ('trigger'),
+		('text search parser'), ('text search dictionary'),
+		('text search template'), ('text search configuration'),
+		('policy'), ('user mapping'), ('default acl'), ('transform'),
+		('operator of access method'), ('function of access method'),
+		('publication namespace'), ('publication relation')
+	LOOP
+		FOR names IN VALUES ('{eins}'), ('{addr_nsp, zwei}'), ('{eins, zwei, drei}')
+		LOOP
+			FOR args IN VALUES ('{}'), ('{integer}')
+			LOOP
+				BEGIN
+					PERFORM pg_get_object_address(objtype, names, args);
+				EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
+						RAISE WARNING 'error for %,%,%: %', objtype, names, args, sqlerrm;
+				END;
+			END LOOP;
+		END LOOP;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+WARNING:  error for table,{eins},{}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for table,{eins},{integer}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for table,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for table,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for table,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for table,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for index,{eins},{}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for index,{eins},{integer}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for index,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for index,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for index,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for index,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for sequence,{eins},{}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for sequence,{eins},{integer}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for sequence,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for sequence,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for sequence,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for sequence,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for view,{eins},{}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for view,{eins},{integer}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for view,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for view,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for view,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for view,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for materialized view,{eins},{}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for materialized view,{eins},{integer}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for materialized view,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for materialized view,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for materialized view,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for materialized view,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for foreign table,{eins},{}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for foreign table,{eins},{integer}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for foreign table,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for foreign table,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for foreign table,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for foreign table,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+WARNING:  error for table column,{eins},{}: column name must be qualified
+WARNING:  error for table column,{eins},{integer}: column name must be qualified
+WARNING:  error for table column,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for table column,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for table column,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for table column,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for foreign table column,{eins},{}: column name must be qualified
+WARNING:  error for foreign table column,{eins},{integer}: column name must be qualified
+WARNING:  error for foreign table column,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for foreign table column,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for foreign table column,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for foreign table column,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for aggregate,{eins},{}: aggregate eins(*) does not exist
+WARNING:  error for aggregate,{eins},{integer}: aggregate eins(integer) does not exist
+WARNING:  error for aggregate,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: aggregate addr_nsp.zwei(*) does not exist
+WARNING:  error for aggregate,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: aggregate addr_nsp.zwei(integer) does not exist
+WARNING:  error for aggregate,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for aggregate,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for function,{eins},{}: function eins() does not exist
+WARNING:  error for function,{eins},{integer}: function eins(integer) does not exist
+WARNING:  error for function,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: function addr_nsp.zwei() does not exist
+WARNING:  error for function,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: function addr_nsp.zwei(integer) does not exist
+WARNING:  error for function,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for function,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for procedure,{eins},{}: procedure eins() does not exist
+WARNING:  error for procedure,{eins},{integer}: procedure eins(integer) does not exist
+WARNING:  error for procedure,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: procedure addr_nsp.zwei() does not exist
+WARNING:  error for procedure,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: procedure addr_nsp.zwei(integer) does not exist
+WARNING:  error for procedure,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for procedure,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for type,{eins},{}: type "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for type,{eins},{integer}: type "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for type,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for type,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for type,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for type,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for cast,{eins},{}: argument list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for cast,{eins},{integer}: type "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for cast,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for cast,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for cast,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for cast,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for table constraint,{eins},{}: must specify relation and object name
+WARNING:  error for table constraint,{eins},{integer}: must specify relation and object name
+WARNING:  error for table constraint,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for table constraint,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for table constraint,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for table constraint,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for domain constraint,{eins},{}: argument list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for domain constraint,{eins},{integer}: type "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for domain constraint,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for domain constraint,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for domain constraint,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for domain constraint,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for conversion,{eins},{}: conversion "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for conversion,{eins},{integer}: conversion "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for conversion,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: conversion "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for conversion,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: conversion "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for conversion,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for conversion,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for default value,{eins},{}: column name must be qualified
+WARNING:  error for default value,{eins},{integer}: column name must be qualified
+WARNING:  error for default value,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for default value,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for default value,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for default value,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for operator,{eins},{}: argument list length must be exactly 2
+WARNING:  error for operator,{eins},{integer}: argument list length must be exactly 2
+WARNING:  error for operator,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: argument list length must be exactly 2
+WARNING:  error for operator,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: argument list length must be exactly 2
+WARNING:  error for operator,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: argument list length must be exactly 2
+WARNING:  error for operator,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: argument list length must be exactly 2
+WARNING:  error for operator class,{eins},{}: name list length must be at least 2
+WARNING:  error for operator class,{eins},{integer}: name list length must be at least 2
+WARNING:  error for operator class,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: access method "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for operator class,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: access method "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for operator class,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: access method "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for operator class,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: access method "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for operator family,{eins},{}: name list length must be at least 2
+WARNING:  error for operator family,{eins},{integer}: name list length must be at least 2
+WARNING:  error for operator family,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: access method "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for operator family,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: access method "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for operator family,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: access method "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for operator family,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: access method "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for rule,{eins},{}: must specify relation and object name
+WARNING:  error for rule,{eins},{integer}: must specify relation and object name
+WARNING:  error for rule,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for rule,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for rule,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for rule,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for trigger,{eins},{}: must specify relation and object name
+WARNING:  error for trigger,{eins},{integer}: must specify relation and object name
+WARNING:  error for trigger,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for trigger,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for trigger,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for trigger,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search parser,{eins},{}: text search parser "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search parser,{eins},{integer}: text search parser "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search parser,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: text search parser "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search parser,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: text search parser "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search parser,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for text search parser,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for text search dictionary,{eins},{}: text search dictionary "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search dictionary,{eins},{integer}: text search dictionary "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search dictionary,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: text search dictionary "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search dictionary,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: text search dictionary "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search dictionary,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for text search dictionary,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for text search template,{eins},{}: text search template "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search template,{eins},{integer}: text search template "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search template,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: text search template "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search template,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: text search template "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search template,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for text search template,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for text search configuration,{eins},{}: text search configuration "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search configuration,{eins},{integer}: text search configuration "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search configuration,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: text search configuration "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search configuration,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: text search configuration "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for text search configuration,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for text search configuration,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: eins.zwei.drei
+WARNING:  error for policy,{eins},{}: must specify relation and object name
+WARNING:  error for policy,{eins},{integer}: must specify relation and object name
+WARNING:  error for policy,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for policy,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for policy,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for policy,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for user mapping,{eins},{}: argument list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for user mapping,{eins},{integer}: user mapping for user "eins" on server "integer" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for user mapping,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for user mapping,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for user mapping,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for user mapping,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for default acl,{eins},{}: argument list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for default acl,{eins},{integer}: unrecognized default ACL object type "i"
+WARNING:  error for default acl,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: argument list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for default acl,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: unrecognized default ACL object type "i"
+WARNING:  error for default acl,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: argument list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for default acl,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: unrecognized default ACL object type "i"
+WARNING:  error for transform,{eins},{}: argument list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for transform,{eins},{integer}: type "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for transform,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for transform,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for transform,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for transform,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for operator of access method,{eins},{}: name list length must be at least 3
+WARNING:  error for operator of access method,{eins},{integer}: name list length must be at least 3
+WARNING:  error for operator of access method,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: name list length must be at least 3
+WARNING:  error for operator of access method,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: name list length must be at least 3
+WARNING:  error for operator of access method,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: argument list length must be exactly 2
+WARNING:  error for operator of access method,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: argument list length must be exactly 2
+WARNING:  error for function of access method,{eins},{}: name list length must be at least 3
+WARNING:  error for function of access method,{eins},{integer}: name list length must be at least 3
+WARNING:  error for function of access method,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: name list length must be at least 3
+WARNING:  error for function of access method,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: name list length must be at least 3
+WARNING:  error for function of access method,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: argument list length must be exactly 2
+WARNING:  error for function of access method,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: argument list length must be exactly 2
+WARNING:  error for publication namespace,{eins},{}: argument list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for publication namespace,{eins},{integer}: schema "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for publication namespace,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for publication namespace,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for publication namespace,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for publication namespace,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: name list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for publication relation,{eins},{}: argument list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for publication relation,{eins},{integer}: relation "eins" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for publication relation,{addr_nsp,zwei},{}: argument list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for publication relation,{addr_nsp,zwei},{integer}: relation "addr_nsp.zwei" does not exist
+WARNING:  error for publication relation,{eins,zwei,drei},{}: argument list length must be exactly 1
+WARNING:  error for publication relation,{eins,zwei,drei},{integer}: cross-database references are not implemented: "eins.zwei.drei"
+-- these object types cannot be qualified names
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('language', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  language "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('language', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('large object', '{123}', '{}');
+ERROR:  large object 123 does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('large object', '{123,456}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('large object', '{blargh}', '{}');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type oid: "blargh"
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('schema', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  schema "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('schema', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('role', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  role "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('role', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('database', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  database "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('database', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('tablespace', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  tablespace "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('tablespace', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('foreign-data wrapper', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  foreign-data wrapper "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('foreign-data wrapper', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('server', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  server "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('server', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('extension', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  extension "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('extension', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('event trigger', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  event trigger "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('event trigger', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('access method', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  access method "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('access method', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('publication', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  publication "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('publication', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('subscription', '{one}', '{}');
+ERROR:  subscription "one" does not exist
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('subscription', '{one,two}', '{}');
+ERROR:  name list length must be exactly 1
+-- test successful cases
+WITH objects (type, name, args) AS (VALUES
+				('table', '{addr_nsp, gentable}'::text[], '{}'::text[]),
+				('table', '{addr_nsp, parttable}'::text[], '{}'::text[]),
+				('index', '{addr_nsp, gentable_pkey}', '{}'),
+				('index', '{addr_nsp, parttable_pkey}', '{}'),
+				('sequence', '{addr_nsp, gentable_a_seq}', '{}'),
+				-- toast table
+				('view', '{addr_nsp, genview}', '{}'),
+				('materialized view', '{addr_nsp, genmatview}', '{}'),
+				('foreign table', '{addr_nsp, genftable}', '{}'),
+				('table column', '{addr_nsp, gentable, b}', '{}'),
+				('foreign table column', '{addr_nsp, genftable, a}', '{}'),
+				('aggregate', '{addr_nsp, genaggr}', '{int4}'),
+				('function', '{pg_catalog, pg_identify_object}', '{pg_catalog.oid, pg_catalog.oid, int4}'),
+				('procedure', '{addr_nsp, proc}', '{int4}'),
+				('type', '{pg_catalog._int4}', '{}'),
+				('type', '{addr_nsp.gendomain}', '{}'),
+				('type', '{addr_nsp.gencomptype}', '{}'),
+				('type', '{addr_nsp.genenum}', '{}'),
+				('cast', '{int8}', '{int4}'),
+				('collation', '{default}', '{}'),
+				('table constraint', '{addr_nsp, gentable, a_chk}', '{}'),
+				('domain constraint', '{addr_nsp.gendomain}', '{domconstr}'),
+				('conversion', '{pg_catalog, koi8_r_to_mic}', '{}'),
+				('default value', '{addr_nsp, gentable, b}', '{}'),
+				('language', '{plpgsql}', '{}'),
+				-- large object
+				('operator', '{+}', '{int4, int4}'),
+				('operator class', '{btree, int4_ops}', '{}'),
+				('operator family', '{btree, integer_ops}', '{}'),
+				('operator of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,1}', '{integer,integer}'),
+				('function of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,2}', '{integer,integer}'),
+				('rule', '{addr_nsp, genview, _RETURN}', '{}'),
+				('trigger', '{addr_nsp, gentable, t}', '{}'),
+				('schema', '{addr_nsp}', '{}'),
+				('text search parser', '{addr_ts_prs}', '{}'),
+				('text search dictionary', '{addr_ts_dict}', '{}'),
+				('text search template', '{addr_ts_temp}', '{}'),
+				('text search configuration', '{addr_ts_conf}', '{}'),
+				('role', '{regress_addr_user}', '{}'),
+				-- database
+				-- tablespace
+				('foreign-data wrapper', '{addr_fdw}', '{}'),
+				('server', '{addr_fserv}', '{}'),
+				('user mapping', '{regress_addr_user}', '{integer}'),
+				('default acl', '{regress_addr_user,public}', '{r}'),
+				('default acl', '{regress_addr_user}', '{r}'),
+				-- extension
+				-- event trigger
+				('policy', '{addr_nsp, gentable, genpol}', '{}'),
+				('transform', '{int}', '{sql}'),
+				('access method', '{btree}', '{}'),
+				('publication', '{addr_pub}', '{}'),
+				('publication namespace', '{addr_nsp}', '{addr_pub_schema}'),
+				('publication relation', '{addr_nsp, gentable}', '{addr_pub}'),
+				('subscription', '{regress_addr_sub}', '{}'),
+				('statistics object', '{addr_nsp, gentable_stat}', '{}')
+        )
+SELECT (pg_identify_object(addr1.classid, addr1.objid, addr1.objsubid)).*,
+	-- test roundtrip through pg_identify_object_as_address
+	ROW(pg_identify_object(addr1.classid, addr1.objid, addr1.objsubid)) =
+	ROW(pg_identify_object(addr2.classid, addr2.objid, addr2.objsubid))
+	  FROM objects, pg_get_object_address(type, name, args) addr1,
+			pg_identify_object_as_address(classid, objid, objsubid) ioa(typ,nms,args),
+			pg_get_object_address(typ, nms, ioa.args) as addr2
+	ORDER BY addr1.classid, addr1.objid, addr1.objsubid;
+           type            |   schema   |       name        |                               identity                               | ?column? 
+---------------------------+------------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+----------
+ default acl               |            |                   | for role regress_addr_user in schema public on tables                | t
+ default acl               |            |                   | for role regress_addr_user on tables                                 | t
+ type                      | pg_catalog | _int4             | integer[]                                                            | t
+ type                      | addr_nsp   | gencomptype       | addr_nsp.gencomptype                                                 | t
+ type                      | addr_nsp   | genenum           | addr_nsp.genenum                                                     | t
+ type                      | addr_nsp   | gendomain         | addr_nsp.gendomain                                                   | t
+ function                  | pg_catalog |                   | pg_catalog.pg_identify_object(pg_catalog.oid,pg_catalog.oid,integer) | t
+ aggregate                 | addr_nsp   |                   | addr_nsp.genaggr(integer)                                            | t
+ procedure                 | addr_nsp   |                   | addr_nsp.proc(integer)                                               | t
+ sequence                  | addr_nsp   | gentable_a_seq    | addr_nsp.gentable_a_seq                                              | t
+ table                     | addr_nsp   | gentable          | addr_nsp.gentable                                                    | t
+ table column              | addr_nsp   | gentable          | addr_nsp.gentable.b                                                  | t
+ index                     | addr_nsp   | gentable_pkey     | addr_nsp.gentable_pkey                                               | t
+ table                     | addr_nsp   | parttable         | addr_nsp.parttable                                                   | t
+ index                     | addr_nsp   | parttable_pkey    | addr_nsp.parttable_pkey                                              | t
+ view                      | addr_nsp   | genview           | addr_nsp.genview                                                     | t
+ materialized view         | addr_nsp   | genmatview        | addr_nsp.genmatview                                                  | t
+ foreign table             | addr_nsp   | genftable         | addr_nsp.genftable                                                   | t
+ foreign table column      | addr_nsp   | genftable         | addr_nsp.genftable.a                                                 | t
+ role                      |            | regress_addr_user | regress_addr_user                                                    | t
+ server                    |            | addr_fserv        | addr_fserv                                                           | t
+ user mapping              |            |                   | regress_addr_user on server integer                                  | t
+ foreign-data wrapper      |            | addr_fdw          | addr_fdw                                                             | t
+ access method             |            | btree             | btree                                                                | t
+ operator of access method |            |                   | operator 1 (integer, integer) of pg_catalog.integer_ops USING btree  | t
+ function of access method |            |                   | function 2 (integer, integer) of pg_catalog.integer_ops USING btree  | t
+ default value             |            |                   | for addr_nsp.gentable.b                                              | t
+ cast                      |            |                   | (bigint AS integer)                                                  | t
+ table constraint          | addr_nsp   |                   | a_chk on addr_nsp.gentable                                           | t
+ domain constraint         | addr_nsp   |                   | domconstr on addr_nsp.gendomain                                      | t
+ conversion                | pg_catalog | koi8_r_to_mic     | pg_catalog.koi8_r_to_mic                                             | t
+ language                  |            | plpgsql           | plpgsql                                                              | t
+ schema                    |            | addr_nsp          | addr_nsp                                                             | t
+ operator class            | pg_catalog | int4_ops          | pg_catalog.int4_ops USING btree                                      | t
+ operator                  | pg_catalog |                   | pg_catalog.+(integer,integer)                                        | t
+ rule                      |            |                   | "_RETURN" on addr_nsp.genview                                        | t
+ trigger                   |            |                   | t on addr_nsp.gentable                                               | t
+ operator family           | pg_catalog | integer_ops       | pg_catalog.integer_ops USING btree                                   | t
+ policy                    |            |                   | genpol on addr_nsp.gentable                                          | t
+ statistics object         | addr_nsp   | gentable_stat     | addr_nsp.gentable_stat                                               | t
+ collation                 | pg_catalog | "default"         | pg_catalog."default"                                                 | t
+ transform                 |            |                   | for integer on language sql                                          | t
+ text search dictionary    | addr_nsp   | addr_ts_dict      | addr_nsp.addr_ts_dict                                                | t
+ text search parser        | addr_nsp   | addr_ts_prs       | addr_nsp.addr_ts_prs                                                 | t
+ text search configuration | addr_nsp   | addr_ts_conf      | addr_nsp.addr_ts_conf                                                | t
+ text search template      | addr_nsp   | addr_ts_temp      | addr_nsp.addr_ts_temp                                                | t
+ subscription              |            | regress_addr_sub  | regress_addr_sub                                                     | t
+ publication               |            | addr_pub          | addr_pub                                                             | t
+ publication relation      |            |                   | addr_nsp.gentable in publication addr_pub                            | t
+ publication namespace     |            |                   | addr_nsp in publication addr_pub_schema                              | t
+(50 rows)
+
+---
+--- Cleanup resources
+---
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER addr_fdw CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 4 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to server addr_fserv
+drop cascades to foreign table genftable
+drop cascades to server integer
+drop cascades to user mapping for regress_addr_user on server integer
+DROP PUBLICATION addr_pub;
+DROP PUBLICATION addr_pub_schema;
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_addr_sub;
+DROP SCHEMA addr_nsp CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 14 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to text search dictionary addr_ts_dict
+drop cascades to text search configuration addr_ts_conf
+drop cascades to text search template addr_ts_temp
+drop cascades to text search parser addr_ts_prs
+drop cascades to table gentable
+drop cascades to table parttable
+drop cascades to view genview
+drop cascades to materialized view genmatview
+drop cascades to type gencomptype
+drop cascades to type genenum
+drop cascades to function genaggr(integer)
+drop cascades to type gendomain
+drop cascades to function trig()
+drop cascades to function proc(integer)
+DROP OWNED BY regress_addr_user;
+DROP USER regress_addr_user;
+--
+-- Checks for invalid objects
+--
+-- Make sure that NULL handling is correct.
+\pset null 'NULL'
+-- Temporarily disable fancy output, so as future additions never create
+-- a large amount of diffs.
+\a\t
+-- Keep this list in the same order as getObjectIdentityParts()
+-- in objectaddress.c.
+WITH objects (classid, objid, objsubid) AS (VALUES
+    ('pg_class'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no relation
+    ('pg_class'::regclass, 'pg_class'::regclass, 100), -- no column for relation
+    ('pg_proc'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no function
+    ('pg_type'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no type
+    ('pg_cast'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no cast
+    ('pg_collation'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no collation
+    ('pg_constraint'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no constraint
+    ('pg_conversion'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no conversion
+    ('pg_attrdef'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no default attribute
+    ('pg_language'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no language
+    ('pg_largeobject'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no large object, no error
+    ('pg_operator'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no operator
+    ('pg_opclass'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no opclass, no need to check for no access method
+    ('pg_opfamily'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no opfamily
+    ('pg_am'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no access method
+    ('pg_amop'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no AM operator
+    ('pg_amproc'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no AM proc
+    ('pg_rewrite'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no rewrite
+    ('pg_trigger'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no trigger
+    ('pg_namespace'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no schema
+    ('pg_statistic_ext'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no statistics
+    ('pg_ts_parser'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no TS parser
+    ('pg_ts_dict'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no TS dictionary
+    ('pg_ts_template'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no TS template
+    ('pg_ts_config'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no TS configuration
+    ('pg_authid'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no role
+    ('pg_database'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no database
+    ('pg_tablespace'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no tablespace
+    ('pg_foreign_data_wrapper'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no FDW
+    ('pg_foreign_server'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no server
+    ('pg_user_mapping'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no user mapping
+    ('pg_default_acl'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no default ACL
+    ('pg_extension'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no extension
+    ('pg_event_trigger'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no event trigger
+    ('pg_policy'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no policy
+    ('pg_publication'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no publication
+    ('pg_publication_rel'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no publication relation
+    ('pg_subscription'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no subscription
+    ('pg_transform'::regclass, 0, 0) -- no transformation
+  )
+SELECT ROW(pg_identify_object(objects.classid, objects.objid, objects.objsubid))
+         AS ident,
+       ROW(pg_identify_object_as_address(objects.classid, objects.objid, objects.objsubid))
+         AS addr,
+       pg_describe_object(objects.classid, objects.objid, objects.objsubid)
+         AS descr
+FROM objects
+ORDER BY objects.classid, objects.objid, objects.objsubid;
+("(""default acl"",,,)")|("(""default acl"",,)")|NULL
+("(tablespace,,,)")|("(tablespace,,)")|NULL
+("(type,,,)")|("(type,,)")|NULL
+("(routine,,,)")|("(routine,,)")|NULL
+("(relation,,,)")|("(relation,,)")|NULL
+("(""table column"",,,)")|("(""table column"",,)")|NULL
+("(role,,,)")|("(role,,)")|NULL
+("(database,,,)")|("(database,,)")|NULL
+("(server,,,)")|("(server,,)")|NULL
+("(""user mapping"",,,)")|("(""user mapping"",,)")|NULL
+("(""foreign-data wrapper"",,,)")|("(""foreign-data wrapper"",,)")|NULL
+("(""access method"",,,)")|("(""access method"",,)")|NULL
+("(""operator of access method"",,,)")|("(""operator of access method"",,)")|NULL
+("(""function of access method"",,,)")|("(""function of access method"",,)")|NULL
+("(""default value"",,,)")|("(""default value"",,)")|NULL
+("(cast,,,)")|("(cast,,)")|NULL
+("(constraint,,,)")|("(constraint,,)")|NULL
+("(conversion,,,)")|("(conversion,,)")|NULL
+("(language,,,)")|("(language,,)")|NULL
+("(""large object"",,,)")|("(""large object"",,)")|NULL
+("(schema,,,)")|("(schema,,)")|NULL
+("(""operator class"",,,)")|("(""operator class"",,)")|NULL
+("(operator,,,)")|("(operator,,)")|NULL
+("(rule,,,)")|("(rule,,)")|NULL
+("(trigger,,,)")|("(trigger,,)")|NULL
+("(""operator family"",,,)")|("(""operator family"",,)")|NULL
+("(extension,,,)")|("(extension,,)")|NULL
+("(policy,,,)")|("(policy,,)")|NULL
+("(""statistics object"",,,)")|("(""statistics object"",,)")|NULL
+("(collation,,,)")|("(collation,,)")|NULL
+("(""event trigger"",,,)")|("(""event trigger"",,)")|NULL
+("(transform,,,)")|("(transform,,)")|NULL
+("(""text search dictionary"",,,)")|("(""text search dictionary"",,)")|NULL
+("(""text search parser"",,,)")|("(""text search parser"",,)")|NULL
+("(""text search configuration"",,,)")|("(""text search configuration"",,)")|NULL
+("(""text search template"",,,)")|("(""text search template"",,)")|NULL
+("(subscription,,,)")|("(subscription,,)")|NULL
+("(publication,,,)")|("(publication,,)")|NULL
+("(""publication relation"",,,)")|("(""publication relation"",,)")|NULL
+-- restore normal output mode
+\a\t
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/oid.out b/src/test/regress/expected/oid.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8909373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/oid.out
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+--
+-- OID
+--
+CREATE TABLE OID_TBL(f1 oid);
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1234');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1235');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('987');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-1040');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('99999999');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5     ');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('   10  ');
+-- leading/trailing hard tab is also allowed
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('	  15 	  ');
+-- bad inputs
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type oid: ""
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+                                        ^
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type oid: "    "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    ');
+                                        ^
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdfasd');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type oid: "asdfasd"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdfasd');
+                                        ^
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('99asdfasd');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type oid: "99asdfasd"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('99asdfasd');
+                                        ^
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5    d');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type oid: "5    d"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5    d');
+                                        ^
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    5d');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type oid: "    5d"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    5d');
+                                        ^
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5    5');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type oid: "5    5"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5    5');
+                                        ^
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES (' - 500');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type oid: " - 500"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES (' - 500');
+                                        ^
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('32958209582039852935');
+ERROR:  value "32958209582039852935" is out of range for type oid
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('32958209582039852935');
+                                        ^
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-23582358720398502385');
+ERROR:  value "-23582358720398502385" is out of range for type oid
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-23582358720398502385');
+                                        ^
+SELECT * FROM OID_TBL;
+     f1     
+------------
+       1234
+       1235
+        987
+ 4294966256
+   99999999
+          5
+         10
+         15
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 = 1234;
+  f1  
+------
+ 1234
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 <> '1234';
+     f1     
+------------
+       1235
+        987
+ 4294966256
+   99999999
+          5
+         10
+         15
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 <= '1234';
+  f1  
+------
+ 1234
+  987
+    5
+   10
+   15
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 < '1234';
+ f1  
+-----
+ 987
+   5
+  10
+  15
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 >= '1234';
+     f1     
+------------
+       1234
+       1235
+ 4294966256
+   99999999
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 > '1234';
+     f1     
+------------
+       1235
+ 4294966256
+   99999999
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE OID_TBL;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/oidjoins.out b/src/test/regress/expected/oidjoins.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..215eb89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/oidjoins.out
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+--
+-- Verify system catalog foreign key relationships
+--
+DO $doblock$
+declare
+  fk record;
+  nkeys integer;
+  cmd text;
+  err record;
+begin
+  for fk in select * from pg_get_catalog_foreign_keys()
+  loop
+    raise notice 'checking % % => % %',
+      fk.fktable, fk.fkcols, fk.pktable, fk.pkcols;
+    nkeys := array_length(fk.fkcols, 1);
+    cmd := 'SELECT ctid';
+    for i in 1 .. nkeys loop
+      cmd := cmd || ', ' || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[i]);
+    end loop;
+    if fk.is_array then
+      cmd := cmd || ' FROM (SELECT ctid';
+      for i in 1 .. nkeys-1 loop
+        cmd := cmd || ', ' || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[i]);
+      end loop;
+      cmd := cmd || ', unnest(' || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[nkeys]);
+      cmd := cmd || ') as ' || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[nkeys]);
+      cmd := cmd || ' FROM ' || fk.fktable::text || ') fk WHERE ';
+    else
+      cmd := cmd || ' FROM ' || fk.fktable::text || ' fk WHERE ';
+    end if;
+    if fk.is_opt then
+      for i in 1 .. nkeys loop
+        cmd := cmd || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[i]) || ' != 0 AND ';
+      end loop;
+    end if;
+    cmd := cmd || 'NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM ' || fk.pktable::text || ' pk WHERE ';
+    for i in 1 .. nkeys loop
+      if i > 1 then cmd := cmd || ' AND '; end if;
+      cmd := cmd || 'pk.' || quote_ident(fk.pkcols[i]);
+      cmd := cmd || ' = fk.' || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[i]);
+    end loop;
+    cmd := cmd || ')';
+    -- raise notice 'cmd = %', cmd;
+    for err in execute cmd loop
+      raise warning 'FK VIOLATION IN %(%): %', fk.fktable, fk.fkcols, err;
+    end loop;
+  end loop;
+end
+$doblock$;
+NOTICE:  checking pg_proc {pronamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_proc {proowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_proc {prolang} => pg_language {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_proc {provariadic} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_proc {prosupport} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_proc {prorettype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_proc {proargtypes} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_proc {proallargtypes} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_proc {protrftypes} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typsubscript} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typelem} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typarray} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typinput} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typoutput} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typreceive} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typsend} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typmodin} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typmodout} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typanalyze} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typbasetype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typcollation} => pg_collation {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_attribute {attrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_attribute {atttypid} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_attribute {attcollation} => pg_collation {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_class {relnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_class {reltype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_class {reloftype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_class {relowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_class {relam} => pg_am {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_class {reltablespace} => pg_tablespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_class {reltoastrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_class {relrewrite} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_attrdef {adrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_attrdef {adrelid,adnum} => pg_attribute {attrelid,attnum}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {connamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {conrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {contypid} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {conindid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {conparentid} => pg_constraint {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {confrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {conpfeqop} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {conppeqop} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {conffeqop} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {conexclop} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {conrelid,conkey} => pg_attribute {attrelid,attnum}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_constraint {confrelid,confkey} => pg_attribute {attrelid,attnum}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_inherits {inhrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_inherits {inhparent} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_index {indexrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_index {indrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_index {indcollation} => pg_collation {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_index {indclass} => pg_opclass {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_index {indrelid,indkey} => pg_attribute {attrelid,attnum}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_operator {oprnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_operator {oprowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_operator {oprleft} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_operator {oprright} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_operator {oprresult} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_operator {oprcom} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_operator {oprnegate} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_operator {oprcode} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_operator {oprrest} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_operator {oprjoin} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_opfamily {opfmethod} => pg_am {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_opfamily {opfnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_opfamily {opfowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_opclass {opcmethod} => pg_am {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_opclass {opcnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_opclass {opcowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_opclass {opcfamily} => pg_opfamily {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_opclass {opcintype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_opclass {opckeytype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_am {amhandler} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_amop {amopfamily} => pg_opfamily {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_amop {amoplefttype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_amop {amoprighttype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_amop {amopopr} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_amop {amopmethod} => pg_am {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_amop {amopsortfamily} => pg_opfamily {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_amproc {amprocfamily} => pg_opfamily {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_amproc {amproclefttype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_amproc {amprocrighttype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_amproc {amproc} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_language {lanowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_language {lanplcallfoid} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_language {laninline} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_language {lanvalidator} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_largeobject_metadata {lomowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_largeobject {loid} => pg_largeobject_metadata {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggfnoid} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggtransfn} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggfinalfn} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggcombinefn} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggserialfn} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggdeserialfn} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggmtransfn} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggminvtransfn} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggmfinalfn} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggsortop} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggtranstype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_aggregate {aggmtranstype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {starelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {staop1} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {staop2} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {staop3} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {staop4} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {staop5} => pg_operator {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {stacoll1} => pg_collation {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {stacoll2} => pg_collation {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {stacoll3} => pg_collation {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {stacoll4} => pg_collation {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {stacoll5} => pg_collation {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic {starelid,staattnum} => pg_attribute {attrelid,attnum}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic_ext {stxrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic_ext {stxnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic_ext {stxowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic_ext {stxrelid,stxkeys} => pg_attribute {attrelid,attnum}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_statistic_ext_data {stxoid} => pg_statistic_ext {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_rewrite {ev_class} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_trigger {tgrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_trigger {tgparentid} => pg_trigger {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_trigger {tgfoid} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_trigger {tgconstrrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_trigger {tgconstrindid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_trigger {tgconstraint} => pg_constraint {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_trigger {tgrelid,tgattr} => pg_attribute {attrelid,attnum}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_event_trigger {evtowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_event_trigger {evtfoid} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_description {classoid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_cast {castsource} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_cast {casttarget} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_cast {castfunc} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_enum {enumtypid} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_namespace {nspowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_conversion {connamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_conversion {conowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_conversion {conproc} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_depend {classid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_depend {refclassid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_database {datdba} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_database {dattablespace} => pg_tablespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_db_role_setting {setdatabase} => pg_database {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_db_role_setting {setrole} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_tablespace {spcowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_auth_members {roleid} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_auth_members {member} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_auth_members {grantor} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_shdepend {dbid} => pg_database {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_shdepend {classid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_shdepend {refclassid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_shdescription {classoid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_config {cfgnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_config {cfgowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_config {cfgparser} => pg_ts_parser {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_config_map {mapcfg} => pg_ts_config {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_config_map {mapdict} => pg_ts_dict {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_dict {dictnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_dict {dictowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_dict {dicttemplate} => pg_ts_template {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_parser {prsnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_parser {prsstart} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_parser {prstoken} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_parser {prsend} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_parser {prsheadline} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_parser {prslextype} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_template {tmplnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_template {tmplinit} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_ts_template {tmpllexize} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_extension {extowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_extension {extnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_extension {extconfig} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_foreign_data_wrapper {fdwowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_foreign_data_wrapper {fdwhandler} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_foreign_data_wrapper {fdwvalidator} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_foreign_server {srvowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_foreign_server {srvfdw} => pg_foreign_data_wrapper {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_user_mapping {umuser} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_user_mapping {umserver} => pg_foreign_server {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_foreign_table {ftrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_foreign_table {ftserver} => pg_foreign_server {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_policy {polrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_policy {polroles} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_default_acl {defaclrole} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_default_acl {defaclnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_init_privs {classoid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_seclabel {classoid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_shseclabel {classoid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_collation {collnamespace} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_collation {collowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_partitioned_table {partrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_partitioned_table {partdefid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_partitioned_table {partclass} => pg_opclass {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_partitioned_table {partcollation} => pg_collation {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_partitioned_table {partrelid,partattrs} => pg_attribute {attrelid,attnum}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_range {rngtypid} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_range {rngsubtype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_range {rngmultitypid} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_range {rngcollation} => pg_collation {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_range {rngsubopc} => pg_opclass {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_range {rngcanonical} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_range {rngsubdiff} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_transform {trftype} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_transform {trflang} => pg_language {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_transform {trffromsql} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_transform {trftosql} => pg_proc {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_sequence {seqrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_sequence {seqtypid} => pg_type {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_publication {pubowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_publication_namespace {pnpubid} => pg_publication {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_publication_namespace {pnnspid} => pg_namespace {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_publication_rel {prpubid} => pg_publication {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_publication_rel {prrelid} => pg_class {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_subscription {subdbid} => pg_database {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_subscription {subowner} => pg_authid {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_subscription_rel {srsubid} => pg_subscription {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_subscription_rel {srrelid} => pg_class {oid}
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out b/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f27217c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2268 @@
+--
+-- OPR_SANITY
+-- Sanity checks for common errors in making operator/procedure system tables:
+-- pg_operator, pg_proc, pg_cast, pg_conversion, pg_aggregate, pg_am,
+-- pg_amop, pg_amproc, pg_opclass, pg_opfamily, pg_index.
+--
+-- Every test failure in this file should be closely inspected.
+-- The description of the failing test should be read carefully before
+-- adjusting the expected output.  In most cases, the queries should
+-- not find *any* matching entries.
+--
+-- NB: we assume the oidjoins test will have caught any dangling links,
+-- that is OID or REGPROC fields that are not zero and do not match some
+-- row in the linked-to table.  However, if we want to enforce that a link
+-- field can't be 0, we have to check it here.
+--
+-- NB: run this test earlier than the create_operator test, because
+-- that test creates some bogus operators...
+-- **************** pg_proc ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_proc fields.
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prolang = 0 OR p1.prorettype = 0 OR
+       p1.pronargs < 0 OR
+       p1.pronargdefaults < 0 OR
+       p1.pronargdefaults > p1.pronargs OR
+       array_lower(p1.proargtypes, 1) != 0 OR
+       array_upper(p1.proargtypes, 1) != p1.pronargs-1 OR
+       0::oid = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+       procost <= 0 OR
+       CASE WHEN proretset THEN prorows <= 0 ELSE prorows != 0 END OR
+       prokind NOT IN ('f', 'a', 'w', 'p') OR
+       provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's', 'v') OR
+       proparallel NOT IN ('s', 'r', 'u');
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- prosrc should never be null; it can be empty only if prosqlbody isn't null
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE prosrc IS NULL;
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE (prosrc = '' OR prosrc = '-') AND prosqlbody IS NULL;
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- proretset should only be set for normal functions
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE proretset AND prokind != 'f';
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- currently, no built-in functions should be SECURITY DEFINER;
+-- this might change in future, but there will probably never be many.
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE prosecdef
+ORDER BY 1;
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- pronargdefaults should be 0 iff proargdefaults is null
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE (pronargdefaults <> 0) != (proargdefaults IS NOT NULL);
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- probin should be non-empty for C functions, null everywhere else
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE prolang = 13 AND (probin IS NULL OR probin = '' OR probin = '-');
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE prolang != 13 AND probin IS NOT NULL;
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for conflicting proc definitions (same names and input datatypes).
+-- (This test should be dead code now that we have the unique index
+-- pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index, but I'll leave it in anyway.)
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.proname = p2.proname AND
+    p1.pronargs = p2.pronargs AND
+    p1.proargtypes = p2.proargtypes;
+ oid | proname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Considering only built-in procs (prolang = 12), look for multiple uses
+-- of the same internal function (ie, matching prosrc fields).  It's OK to
+-- have several entries with different pronames for the same internal function,
+-- but conflicts in the number of arguments and other critical items should
+-- be complained of.  (We don't check data types here; see next query.)
+-- Note: ignore aggregate functions here, since they all point to the same
+-- dummy built-in function.
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid < p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    (p1.prokind != 'a' OR p2.prokind != 'a') AND
+    (p1.prolang != p2.prolang OR
+     p1.prokind != p2.prokind OR
+     p1.prosecdef != p2.prosecdef OR
+     p1.proleakproof != p2.proleakproof OR
+     p1.proisstrict != p2.proisstrict OR
+     p1.proretset != p2.proretset OR
+     p1.provolatile != p2.provolatile OR
+     p1.pronargs != p2.pronargs);
+ oid | proname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for uses of different type OIDs in the argument/result type fields
+-- for different aliases of the same built-in function.
+-- This indicates that the types are being presumed to be binary-equivalent,
+-- or that the built-in function is prepared to deal with different types.
+-- That's not wrong, necessarily, but we make lists of all the types being
+-- so treated.  Note that the expected output of this part of the test will
+-- need to be modified whenever new pairs of types are made binary-equivalent,
+-- or when new polymorphic built-in functions are added!
+-- Note: ignore aggregate functions here, since they all point to the same
+-- dummy built-in function.  Likewise, ignore range and multirange constructor
+-- functions.
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.prorettype::regtype, p2.prorettype::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    (p1.prorettype < p2.prorettype)
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+         prorettype          |        prorettype        
+-----------------------------+--------------------------
+ bigint                      | xid8
+ text                        | character varying
+ timestamp without time zone | timestamp with time zone
+ txid_snapshot               | pg_snapshot
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[0]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[0]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[0] < p2.proargtypes[0])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+         proargtypes         |       proargtypes        
+-----------------------------+--------------------------
+ bigint                      | xid8
+ text                        | character
+ text                        | character varying
+ timestamp without time zone | timestamp with time zone
+ bit                         | bit varying
+ txid_snapshot               | pg_snapshot
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[1]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[1]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[1] < p2.proargtypes[1])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+         proargtypes         |       proargtypes        
+-----------------------------+--------------------------
+ integer                     | xid
+ timestamp without time zone | timestamp with time zone
+ bit                         | bit varying
+ txid_snapshot               | pg_snapshot
+ anyrange                    | anymultirange
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[2]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[2]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[2] < p2.proargtypes[2])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+         proargtypes         |       proargtypes        
+-----------------------------+--------------------------
+ timestamp without time zone | timestamp with time zone
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[3]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[3]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[3] < p2.proargtypes[3])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+         proargtypes         |       proargtypes        
+-----------------------------+--------------------------
+ timestamp without time zone | timestamp with time zone
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[4]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[4]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[4] < p2.proargtypes[4])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ proargtypes | proargtypes 
+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[5]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[5]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[5] < p2.proargtypes[5])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ proargtypes | proargtypes 
+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[6]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[6]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[6] < p2.proargtypes[6])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ proargtypes | proargtypes 
+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[7]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[7]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[7] < p2.proargtypes[7])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ proargtypes | proargtypes 
+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for functions that return type "internal" and do not have any
+-- "internal" argument.  Such a function would be a security hole since
+-- it might be used to call an internal function from an SQL command.
+-- As of 7.3 this query should find only internal_in, which is safe because
+-- it always throws an error when called.
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prorettype = 'internal'::regtype AND NOT
+    'internal'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes);
+ oid  |   proname   
+------+-------------
+ 2304 | internal_in
+(1 row)
+
+-- Look for functions that return a polymorphic type and do not have any
+-- polymorphic argument.  Calls of such functions would be unresolvable
+-- at parse time.  As of 9.6 this query should find only some input functions
+-- and GiST support functions associated with these pseudotypes.
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prorettype IN
+    ('anyelement'::regtype, 'anyarray'::regtype, 'anynonarray'::regtype,
+     'anyenum'::regtype)
+  AND NOT
+    ('anyelement'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anyarray'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anynonarray'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anyenum'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anyrange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anymultirange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes))
+ORDER BY 2;
+ oid  |    proname     
+------+----------------
+ 2296 | anyarray_in
+ 2502 | anyarray_recv
+ 2312 | anyelement_in
+ 3504 | anyenum_in
+ 2777 | anynonarray_in
+  750 | array_in
+ 2400 | array_recv
+ 3506 | enum_in
+ 3532 | enum_recv
+(9 rows)
+
+-- anyrange and anymultirange are tighter than the rest, can only resolve
+-- from each other
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prorettype IN ('anyrange'::regtype, 'anymultirange'::regtype)
+  AND NOT
+    ('anyrange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+      'anymultirange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes))
+ORDER BY 2;
+ oid  |     proname      
+------+------------------
+ 4229 | anymultirange_in
+ 3832 | anyrange_in
+ 4231 | multirange_in
+ 4233 | multirange_recv
+ 3876 | range_gist_union
+ 3834 | range_in
+ 3836 | range_recv
+(7 rows)
+
+-- similarly for the anycompatible family
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prorettype IN
+    ('anycompatible'::regtype, 'anycompatiblearray'::regtype,
+     'anycompatiblenonarray'::regtype)
+  AND NOT
+    ('anycompatible'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anycompatiblearray'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anycompatiblenonarray'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anycompatiblerange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes))
+ORDER BY 2;
+ oid  |         proname          
+------+--------------------------
+ 5086 | anycompatible_in
+ 5088 | anycompatiblearray_in
+ 5090 | anycompatiblearray_recv
+ 5092 | anycompatiblenonarray_in
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prorettype = 'anycompatiblerange'::regtype
+  AND NOT
+     'anycompatiblerange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes)
+ORDER BY 2;
+ oid  |        proname        
+------+-----------------------
+ 5094 | anycompatiblerange_in
+(1 row)
+
+-- Look for functions that accept cstring and are neither datatype input
+-- functions nor encoding conversion functions.  It's almost never a good
+-- idea to use cstring input for a function meant to be called from SQL;
+-- text should be used instead, because cstring lacks suitable casts.
+-- As of 9.6 this query should find only cstring_out and cstring_send.
+-- However, we must manually exclude shell_in, which might or might not be
+-- rejected by the EXISTS clause depending on whether there are currently
+-- any shell types.
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE 'cstring'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes)
+    AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE typinput = p1.oid)
+    AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_conversion WHERE conproc = p1.oid)
+    AND p1.oid != 'shell_in(cstring)'::regprocedure
+ORDER BY 1;
+ oid  |   proname    
+------+--------------
+ 2293 | cstring_out
+ 2501 | cstring_send
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Likewise, look for functions that return cstring and aren't datatype output
+-- functions nor typmod output functions.
+-- As of 9.6 this query should find only cstring_in and cstring_recv.
+-- However, we must manually exclude shell_out.
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE  p1.prorettype = 'cstring'::regtype
+    AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE typoutput = p1.oid)
+    AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE typmodout = p1.oid)
+    AND p1.oid != 'shell_out(void)'::regprocedure
+ORDER BY 1;
+ oid  |   proname    
+------+--------------
+ 2292 | cstring_in
+ 2500 | cstring_recv
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Check for length inconsistencies between the various argument-info arrays.
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proallargtypes IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proallargtypes,1) < array_length(proargtypes,1);
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proargmodes IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proargmodes,1) < array_length(proargtypes,1);
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proargnames IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proargnames,1) < array_length(proargtypes,1);
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proallargtypes IS NOT NULL AND proargmodes IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proallargtypes,1) <> array_length(proargmodes,1);
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proallargtypes IS NOT NULL AND proargnames IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proallargtypes,1) <> array_length(proargnames,1);
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proargmodes IS NOT NULL AND proargnames IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proargmodes,1) <> array_length(proargnames,1);
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that proallargtypes matches proargtypes
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname, p1.proargtypes, p1.proallargtypes, p1.proargmodes
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proallargtypes IS NOT NULL AND
+  ARRAY(SELECT unnest(proargtypes)) <>
+  ARRAY(SELECT proallargtypes[i]
+        FROM generate_series(1, array_length(proallargtypes, 1)) g(i)
+        WHERE proargmodes IS NULL OR proargmodes[i] IN ('i', 'b', 'v'));
+ oid | proname | proargtypes | proallargtypes | proargmodes 
+-----+---------+-------------+----------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for prosupport functions with the wrong signature
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p2.oid = p1.prosupport AND
+    (p2.prorettype != 'internal'::regtype OR p2.proretset OR p2.pronargs != 1
+     OR p2.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype);
+ oid | proname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Insist that all built-in pg_proc entries have descriptions
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1 LEFT JOIN pg_description as d
+     ON p1.tableoid = d.classoid and p1.oid = d.objoid and d.objsubid = 0
+WHERE d.classoid IS NULL AND p1.oid <= 9999;
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- List of built-in leakproof functions
+--
+-- Leakproof functions should only be added after carefully
+-- scrutinizing all possibly executed codepaths for possible
+-- information leaks. Don't add functions here unless you know what a
+-- leakproof function is. If unsure, don't mark it as such.
+-- temporarily disable fancy output, so catalog changes create less diff noise
+\a\t
+SELECT p1.oid::regprocedure
+FROM pg_proc p1 JOIN pg_namespace pn
+     ON pronamespace = pn.oid
+WHERE nspname = 'pg_catalog' AND proleakproof
+ORDER BY 1;
+boollt(boolean,boolean)
+boolgt(boolean,boolean)
+booleq(boolean,boolean)
+chareq("char","char")
+nameeq(name,name)
+int2eq(smallint,smallint)
+int2lt(smallint,smallint)
+int4eq(integer,integer)
+int4lt(integer,integer)
+texteq(text,text)
+xideq(xid,xid)
+cideq(cid,cid)
+charne("char","char")
+charle("char","char")
+chargt("char","char")
+charge("char","char")
+boolne(boolean,boolean)
+int4ne(integer,integer)
+int2ne(smallint,smallint)
+int2gt(smallint,smallint)
+int4gt(integer,integer)
+int2le(smallint,smallint)
+int4le(integer,integer)
+int4ge(integer,integer)
+int2ge(smallint,smallint)
+textne(text,text)
+int24eq(smallint,integer)
+int42eq(integer,smallint)
+int24lt(smallint,integer)
+int42lt(integer,smallint)
+int24gt(smallint,integer)
+int42gt(integer,smallint)
+int24ne(smallint,integer)
+int42ne(integer,smallint)
+int24le(smallint,integer)
+int42le(integer,smallint)
+int24ge(smallint,integer)
+int42ge(integer,smallint)
+oideq(oid,oid)
+oidne(oid,oid)
+float8(smallint)
+float4(smallint)
+nameeqtext(name,text)
+namelttext(name,text)
+nameletext(name,text)
+namegetext(name,text)
+namegttext(name,text)
+namenetext(name,text)
+btnametextcmp(name,text)
+texteqname(text,name)
+textltname(text,name)
+textlename(text,name)
+textgename(text,name)
+textgtname(text,name)
+textnename(text,name)
+bttextnamecmp(text,name)
+float4eq(real,real)
+float4ne(real,real)
+float4lt(real,real)
+float4le(real,real)
+float4gt(real,real)
+float4ge(real,real)
+float8eq(double precision,double precision)
+float8ne(double precision,double precision)
+float8lt(double precision,double precision)
+float8le(double precision,double precision)
+float8gt(double precision,double precision)
+float8ge(double precision,double precision)
+float48eq(real,double precision)
+float48ne(real,double precision)
+float48lt(real,double precision)
+float48le(real,double precision)
+float48gt(real,double precision)
+float48ge(real,double precision)
+float84eq(double precision,real)
+float84ne(double precision,real)
+float84lt(double precision,real)
+float84le(double precision,real)
+float84gt(double precision,real)
+float84ge(double precision,real)
+float8(real)
+int4(smallint)
+float8(integer)
+float4(integer)
+btint2cmp(smallint,smallint)
+btint4cmp(integer,integer)
+btfloat4cmp(real,real)
+btfloat8cmp(double precision,double precision)
+btoidcmp(oid,oid)
+btcharcmp("char","char")
+btnamecmp(name,name)
+bttextcmp(text,text)
+cash_cmp(money,money)
+btoidvectorcmp(oidvector,oidvector)
+text(name)
+name(text)
+name(character)
+text_larger(text,text)
+text_smaller(text,text)
+int8eq(bigint,bigint)
+int8ne(bigint,bigint)
+int8lt(bigint,bigint)
+int8gt(bigint,bigint)
+int8le(bigint,bigint)
+int8ge(bigint,bigint)
+int84eq(bigint,integer)
+int84ne(bigint,integer)
+int84lt(bigint,integer)
+int84gt(bigint,integer)
+int84le(bigint,integer)
+int84ge(bigint,integer)
+int8(integer)
+float8(bigint)
+oidvectorne(oidvector,oidvector)
+float4(bigint)
+namelt(name,name)
+namele(name,name)
+namegt(name,name)
+namege(name,name)
+namene(name,name)
+oidvectorlt(oidvector,oidvector)
+oidvectorle(oidvector,oidvector)
+oidvectoreq(oidvector,oidvector)
+oidvectorge(oidvector,oidvector)
+oidvectorgt(oidvector,oidvector)
+oidlt(oid,oid)
+oidle(oid,oid)
+text_lt(text,text)
+text_le(text,text)
+text_gt(text,text)
+text_ge(text,text)
+int8(smallint)
+macaddr_eq(macaddr,macaddr)
+macaddr_lt(macaddr,macaddr)
+macaddr_le(macaddr,macaddr)
+macaddr_gt(macaddr,macaddr)
+macaddr_ge(macaddr,macaddr)
+macaddr_ne(macaddr,macaddr)
+macaddr_cmp(macaddr,macaddr)
+btint8cmp(bigint,bigint)
+int48eq(integer,bigint)
+int48ne(integer,bigint)
+int48lt(integer,bigint)
+int48gt(integer,bigint)
+int48le(integer,bigint)
+int48ge(integer,bigint)
+cash_eq(money,money)
+cash_ne(money,money)
+cash_lt(money,money)
+cash_le(money,money)
+cash_gt(money,money)
+cash_ge(money,money)
+network_eq(inet,inet)
+network_lt(inet,inet)
+network_le(inet,inet)
+network_gt(inet,inet)
+network_ge(inet,inet)
+network_ne(inet,inet)
+network_cmp(inet,inet)
+lseg_eq(lseg,lseg)
+bpchareq(character,character)
+bpcharlt(character,character)
+bpcharle(character,character)
+bpchargt(character,character)
+bpcharge(character,character)
+bpcharne(character,character)
+bpchar_larger(character,character)
+bpchar_smaller(character,character)
+bpcharcmp(character,character)
+date_eq(date,date)
+date_lt(date,date)
+date_le(date,date)
+date_gt(date,date)
+date_ge(date,date)
+date_ne(date,date)
+date_cmp(date,date)
+time_lt(time without time zone,time without time zone)
+time_le(time without time zone,time without time zone)
+time_gt(time without time zone,time without time zone)
+time_ge(time without time zone,time without time zone)
+time_ne(time without time zone,time without time zone)
+time_cmp(time without time zone,time without time zone)
+time_eq(time without time zone,time without time zone)
+timestamptz_eq(timestamp with time zone,timestamp with time zone)
+timestamptz_ne(timestamp with time zone,timestamp with time zone)
+timestamptz_lt(timestamp with time zone,timestamp with time zone)
+timestamptz_le(timestamp with time zone,timestamp with time zone)
+timestamptz_ge(timestamp with time zone,timestamp with time zone)
+timestamptz_gt(timestamp with time zone,timestamp with time zone)
+interval_eq(interval,interval)
+interval_ne(interval,interval)
+interval_lt(interval,interval)
+interval_le(interval,interval)
+interval_ge(interval,interval)
+interval_gt(interval,interval)
+charlt("char","char")
+tidne(tid,tid)
+int8(oid)
+tideq(tid,tid)
+timestamptz_cmp(timestamp with time zone,timestamp with time zone)
+interval_cmp(interval,interval)
+xideqint4(xid,integer)
+timetz_eq(time with time zone,time with time zone)
+timetz_ne(time with time zone,time with time zone)
+timetz_lt(time with time zone,time with time zone)
+timetz_le(time with time zone,time with time zone)
+timetz_ge(time with time zone,time with time zone)
+timetz_gt(time with time zone,time with time zone)
+timetz_cmp(time with time zone,time with time zone)
+"interval"(time without time zone)
+name(character varying)
+"varchar"(name)
+circle_eq(circle,circle)
+circle_ne(circle,circle)
+circle_lt(circle,circle)
+circle_gt(circle,circle)
+circle_le(circle,circle)
+circle_ge(circle,circle)
+lseg_ne(lseg,lseg)
+lseg_lt(lseg,lseg)
+lseg_le(lseg,lseg)
+lseg_gt(lseg,lseg)
+lseg_ge(lseg,lseg)
+biteq(bit,bit)
+bitne(bit,bit)
+bitge(bit,bit)
+bitgt(bit,bit)
+bitle(bit,bit)
+bitlt(bit,bit)
+bitcmp(bit,bit)
+oidgt(oid,oid)
+oidge(oid,oid)
+varbiteq(bit varying,bit varying)
+varbitne(bit varying,bit varying)
+varbitge(bit varying,bit varying)
+varbitgt(bit varying,bit varying)
+varbitle(bit varying,bit varying)
+varbitlt(bit varying,bit varying)
+varbitcmp(bit varying,bit varying)
+boolle(boolean,boolean)
+boolge(boolean,boolean)
+btboolcmp(boolean,boolean)
+"numeric"(integer)
+"numeric"(real)
+"numeric"(double precision)
+"numeric"(bigint)
+"numeric"(smallint)
+int28eq(smallint,bigint)
+int28ne(smallint,bigint)
+int28lt(smallint,bigint)
+int28gt(smallint,bigint)
+int28le(smallint,bigint)
+int28ge(smallint,bigint)
+int82eq(bigint,smallint)
+int82ne(bigint,smallint)
+int82lt(bigint,smallint)
+int82gt(bigint,smallint)
+int82le(bigint,smallint)
+int82ge(bigint,smallint)
+byteaeq(bytea,bytea)
+bytealt(bytea,bytea)
+byteale(bytea,bytea)
+byteagt(bytea,bytea)
+byteage(bytea,bytea)
+byteane(bytea,bytea)
+byteacmp(bytea,bytea)
+timestamp_cmp(timestamp without time zone,timestamp without time zone)
+timestamp_eq(timestamp without time zone,timestamp without time zone)
+timestamp_ne(timestamp without time zone,timestamp without time zone)
+timestamp_lt(timestamp without time zone,timestamp without time zone)
+timestamp_le(timestamp without time zone,timestamp without time zone)
+timestamp_ge(timestamp without time zone,timestamp without time zone)
+timestamp_gt(timestamp without time zone,timestamp without time zone)
+text_pattern_lt(text,text)
+text_pattern_le(text,text)
+text_pattern_ge(text,text)
+text_pattern_gt(text,text)
+bttext_pattern_cmp(text,text)
+bpchar_pattern_lt(character,character)
+bpchar_pattern_le(character,character)
+bpchar_pattern_ge(character,character)
+bpchar_pattern_gt(character,character)
+btbpchar_pattern_cmp(character,character)
+btint48cmp(integer,bigint)
+btint84cmp(bigint,integer)
+btint24cmp(smallint,integer)
+btint42cmp(integer,smallint)
+btint28cmp(smallint,bigint)
+btint82cmp(bigint,smallint)
+btfloat48cmp(real,double precision)
+btfloat84cmp(double precision,real)
+md5(text)
+md5(bytea)
+bool(integer)
+int4(boolean)
+tidgt(tid,tid)
+tidlt(tid,tid)
+tidge(tid,tid)
+tidle(tid,tid)
+bttidcmp(tid,tid)
+uuid_lt(uuid,uuid)
+uuid_le(uuid,uuid)
+uuid_eq(uuid,uuid)
+uuid_ge(uuid,uuid)
+uuid_gt(uuid,uuid)
+uuid_ne(uuid,uuid)
+uuid_cmp(uuid,uuid)
+pg_lsn_lt(pg_lsn,pg_lsn)
+pg_lsn_le(pg_lsn,pg_lsn)
+pg_lsn_eq(pg_lsn,pg_lsn)
+pg_lsn_ge(pg_lsn,pg_lsn)
+pg_lsn_gt(pg_lsn,pg_lsn)
+pg_lsn_ne(pg_lsn,pg_lsn)
+pg_lsn_cmp(pg_lsn,pg_lsn)
+xidneq(xid,xid)
+xidneqint4(xid,integer)
+sha224(bytea)
+sha256(bytea)
+sha384(bytea)
+sha512(bytea)
+gen_random_uuid()
+starts_with(text,text)
+macaddr8_eq(macaddr8,macaddr8)
+macaddr8_lt(macaddr8,macaddr8)
+macaddr8_le(macaddr8,macaddr8)
+macaddr8_gt(macaddr8,macaddr8)
+macaddr8_ge(macaddr8,macaddr8)
+macaddr8_ne(macaddr8,macaddr8)
+macaddr8_cmp(macaddr8,macaddr8)
+macaddr8(macaddr)
+xid8lt(xid8,xid8)
+xid8gt(xid8,xid8)
+xid8le(xid8,xid8)
+xid8ge(xid8,xid8)
+xid8eq(xid8,xid8)
+xid8ne(xid8,xid8)
+xid8cmp(xid8,xid8)
+-- restore normal output mode
+\a\t
+-- List of functions used by libpq's fe-lobj.c
+--
+-- If the output of this query changes, you probably broke libpq.
+-- lo_initialize() assumes that there will be at most one match for
+-- each listed name.
+select proname, oid from pg_catalog.pg_proc
+where proname in (
+  'lo_open',
+  'lo_close',
+  'lo_creat',
+  'lo_create',
+  'lo_unlink',
+  'lo_lseek',
+  'lo_lseek64',
+  'lo_tell',
+  'lo_tell64',
+  'lo_truncate',
+  'lo_truncate64',
+  'loread',
+  'lowrite')
+and pronamespace = (select oid from pg_catalog.pg_namespace
+                    where nspname = 'pg_catalog')
+order by 1;
+    proname    | oid  
+---------------+------
+ lo_close      |  953
+ lo_creat      |  957
+ lo_create     |  715
+ lo_lseek      |  956
+ lo_lseek64    | 3170
+ lo_open       |  952
+ lo_tell       |  958
+ lo_tell64     | 3171
+ lo_truncate   | 1004
+ lo_truncate64 | 3172
+ lo_unlink     |  964
+ loread        |  954
+ lowrite       |  955
+(13 rows)
+
+-- Check that all immutable functions are marked parallel safe
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE provolatile = 'i' AND proparallel = 'u';
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_cast ****************
+-- Catch bogus values in pg_cast columns (other than cases detected by
+-- oidjoins test).
+SELECT *
+FROM pg_cast c
+WHERE castsource = 0 OR casttarget = 0 OR castcontext NOT IN ('e', 'a', 'i')
+    OR castmethod NOT IN ('f', 'b' ,'i');
+ oid | castsource | casttarget | castfunc | castcontext | castmethod 
+-----+------------+------------+----------+-------------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that castfunc is nonzero only for cast methods that need a function,
+-- and zero otherwise
+SELECT *
+FROM pg_cast c
+WHERE (castmethod = 'f' AND castfunc = 0)
+   OR (castmethod IN ('b', 'i') AND castfunc <> 0);
+ oid | castsource | casttarget | castfunc | castcontext | castmethod 
+-----+------------+------------+----------+-------------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for casts to/from the same type that aren't length coercion functions.
+-- (We assume they are length coercions if they take multiple arguments.)
+-- Such entries are not necessarily harmful, but they are useless.
+SELECT *
+FROM pg_cast c
+WHERE castsource = casttarget AND castfunc = 0;
+ oid | castsource | casttarget | castfunc | castcontext | castmethod 
+-----+------------+------------+----------+-------------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+FROM pg_cast c, pg_proc p
+WHERE c.castfunc = p.oid AND p.pronargs < 2 AND castsource = casttarget;
+ oid | castsource | casttarget | castfunc | castcontext | castmethod 
+-----+------------+------------+----------+-------------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for cast functions that don't have the right signature.  The
+-- argument and result types in pg_proc must be the same as, or binary
+-- compatible with, what it says in pg_cast.
+-- As a special case, we allow casts from CHAR(n) that use functions
+-- declared to take TEXT.  This does not pass the binary-coercibility test
+-- because CHAR(n)-to-TEXT normally invokes rtrim().  However, the results
+-- are the same, so long as the function is one that ignores trailing blanks.
+SELECT c.*
+FROM pg_cast c, pg_proc p
+WHERE c.castfunc = p.oid AND
+    (p.pronargs < 1 OR p.pronargs > 3
+     OR NOT (binary_coercible(c.castsource, p.proargtypes[0])
+             OR (c.castsource = 'character'::regtype AND
+                 p.proargtypes[0] = 'text'::regtype))
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(p.prorettype, c.casttarget));
+ oid | castsource | casttarget | castfunc | castcontext | castmethod 
+-----+------------+------------+----------+-------------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+FROM pg_cast c, pg_proc p
+WHERE c.castfunc = p.oid AND
+    ((p.pronargs > 1 AND p.proargtypes[1] != 'int4'::regtype) OR
+     (p.pronargs > 2 AND p.proargtypes[2] != 'bool'::regtype));
+ oid | castsource | casttarget | castfunc | castcontext | castmethod 
+-----+------------+------------+----------+-------------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for binary compatible casts that do not have the reverse
+-- direction registered as well, or where the reverse direction is not
+-- also binary compatible.  This is legal, but usually not intended.
+-- As of 7.4, this finds the casts from text and varchar to bpchar, because
+-- those are binary-compatible while the reverse way goes through rtrim().
+-- As of 8.2, this finds the cast from cidr to inet, because that is a
+-- trivial binary coercion while the other way goes through inet_to_cidr().
+-- As of 8.3, this finds the casts from xml to text, varchar, and bpchar,
+-- because those are binary-compatible while the reverse goes through
+-- texttoxml(), which does an XML syntax check.
+-- As of 9.1, this finds the cast from pg_node_tree to text, which we
+-- intentionally do not provide a reverse pathway for.
+SELECT castsource::regtype, casttarget::regtype, castfunc, castcontext
+FROM pg_cast c
+WHERE c.castmethod = 'b' AND
+    NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_cast k
+                WHERE k.castmethod = 'b' AND
+                    k.castsource = c.casttarget AND
+                    k.casttarget = c.castsource);
+    castsource     |    casttarget     | castfunc | castcontext 
+-------------------+-------------------+----------+-------------
+ text              | character         |        0 | i
+ character varying | character         |        0 | i
+ pg_node_tree      | text              |        0 | i
+ pg_ndistinct      | bytea             |        0 | i
+ pg_dependencies   | bytea             |        0 | i
+ pg_mcv_list       | bytea             |        0 | i
+ cidr              | inet              |        0 | i
+ xml               | text              |        0 | a
+ xml               | character varying |        0 | a
+ xml               | character         |        0 | a
+(10 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_conversion ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_conversion fields.
+SELECT c.oid, c.conname
+FROM pg_conversion as c
+WHERE c.conproc = 0 OR
+    pg_encoding_to_char(conforencoding) = '' OR
+    pg_encoding_to_char(contoencoding) = '';
+ oid | conname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for conprocs that don't have the expected signature.
+SELECT p.oid, p.proname, c.oid, c.conname
+FROM pg_proc p, pg_conversion c
+WHERE p.oid = c.conproc AND
+    (p.prorettype != 'int4'::regtype OR p.proretset OR
+     p.pronargs != 6 OR
+     p.proargtypes[0] != 'int4'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[1] != 'int4'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[2] != 'cstring'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[3] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[4] != 'int4'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[5] != 'bool'::regtype);
+ oid | proname | oid | conname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for conprocs that don't perform the specific conversion that
+-- pg_conversion alleges they do, by trying to invoke each conversion
+-- on some simple ASCII data.  (The conproc should throw an error if
+-- it doesn't accept the encodings that are passed to it.)
+-- Unfortunately, we can't test non-default conprocs this way, because
+-- there is no way to ask convert() to invoke them, and we cannot call
+-- them directly from SQL.  But there are no non-default built-in
+-- conversions anyway.
+-- (Similarly, this doesn't cope with any search path issues.)
+SELECT c.oid, c.conname
+FROM pg_conversion as c
+WHERE condefault AND
+    convert('ABC'::bytea, pg_encoding_to_char(conforencoding),
+            pg_encoding_to_char(contoencoding)) != 'ABC';
+ oid | conname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_operator ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_operator fields.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_operator as o1
+WHERE (o1.oprkind != 'b' AND o1.oprkind != 'l') OR
+    o1.oprresult = 0 OR o1.oprcode = 0;
+ oid | oprname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for missing or unwanted operand types
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_operator as o1
+WHERE (o1.oprleft = 0 and o1.oprkind != 'l') OR
+    (o1.oprleft != 0 and o1.oprkind = 'l') OR
+    o1.oprright = 0;
+ oid | oprname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for conflicting operator definitions (same names and input datatypes).
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprcode, o2.oid, o2.oprcode
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2
+WHERE o1.oid != o2.oid AND
+    o1.oprname = o2.oprname AND
+    o1.oprkind = o2.oprkind AND
+    o1.oprleft = o2.oprleft AND
+    o1.oprright = o2.oprright;
+ oid | oprcode | oid | oprcode 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for commutative operators that don't commute.
+-- DEFINITIONAL NOTE: If A.oprcom = B, then x A y has the same result as y B x.
+-- We expect that B will always say that B.oprcom = A as well; that's not
+-- inherently essential, but it would be inefficient not to mark it so.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprcode, o2.oid, o2.oprcode
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2
+WHERE o1.oprcom = o2.oid AND
+    (o1.oprkind != 'b' OR
+     o1.oprleft != o2.oprright OR
+     o1.oprright != o2.oprleft OR
+     o1.oprresult != o2.oprresult OR
+     o1.oid != o2.oprcom);
+ oid | oprcode | oid | oprcode 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for negatory operators that don't agree.
+-- DEFINITIONAL NOTE: If A.oprnegate = B, then both A and B must yield
+-- boolean results, and (x A y) == ! (x B y), or the equivalent for
+-- single-operand operators.
+-- We expect that B will always say that B.oprnegate = A as well; that's not
+-- inherently essential, but it would be inefficient not to mark it so.
+-- Also, A and B had better not be the same operator.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprcode, o2.oid, o2.oprcode
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2
+WHERE o1.oprnegate = o2.oid AND
+    (o1.oprkind != o2.oprkind OR
+     o1.oprleft != o2.oprleft OR
+     o1.oprright != o2.oprright OR
+     o1.oprresult != 'bool'::regtype OR
+     o2.oprresult != 'bool'::regtype OR
+     o1.oid != o2.oprnegate OR
+     o1.oid = o2.oid);
+ oid | oprcode | oid | oprcode 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Make a list of the names of operators that are claimed to be commutator
+-- pairs.  This list will grow over time, but before accepting a new entry
+-- make sure you didn't link the wrong operators.
+SELECT DISTINCT o1.oprname AS op1, o2.oprname AS op2
+FROM pg_operator o1, pg_operator o2
+WHERE o1.oprcom = o2.oid AND o1.oprname <= o2.oprname
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ op1  | op2  
+------+------
+ #    | #
+ &    | &
+ &&   | &&
+ *    | *
+ *<   | *>
+ *<=  | *>=
+ *<>  | *<>
+ *=   | *=
+ +    | +
+ -|-  | -|-
+ <    | >
+ <->  | <->
+ <<   | >>
+ <<=  | >>=
+ <=   | >=
+ <>   | <>
+ <@   | @>
+ =    | =
+ ?#   | ?#
+ ?-   | ?-
+ ?-|  | ?-|
+ ?|   | ?|
+ ?||  | ?||
+ @@   | @@
+ @@@  | @@@
+ |    | |
+ ~<=~ | ~>=~
+ ~<~  | ~>~
+ ~=   | ~=
+(29 rows)
+
+-- Likewise for negator pairs.
+SELECT DISTINCT o1.oprname AS op1, o2.oprname AS op2
+FROM pg_operator o1, pg_operator o2
+WHERE o1.oprnegate = o2.oid AND o1.oprname <= o2.oprname
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ op1  | op2  
+------+------
+ !~   | ~
+ !~*  | ~*
+ !~~  | ~~
+ !~~* | ~~*
+ *<   | *>=
+ *<=  | *>
+ *<>  | *=
+ <    | >=
+ <=   | >
+ <>   | =
+ <>   | ~=
+ ~<=~ | ~>~
+ ~<~  | ~>=~
+(13 rows)
+
+-- A mergejoinable or hashjoinable operator must be binary, must return
+-- boolean, and must have a commutator (itself, unless it's a cross-type
+-- operator).
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname FROM pg_operator AS o1
+WHERE (o1.oprcanmerge OR o1.oprcanhash) AND NOT
+    (o1.oprkind = 'b' AND o1.oprresult = 'bool'::regtype AND o1.oprcom != 0);
+ oid | oprname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- What's more, the commutator had better be mergejoinable/hashjoinable too.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, o2.oid, o2.oprname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2
+WHERE o1.oprcom = o2.oid AND
+    (o1.oprcanmerge != o2.oprcanmerge OR
+     o1.oprcanhash != o2.oprcanhash);
+ oid | oprname | oid | oprname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Mergejoinable operators should appear as equality members of btree index
+-- opfamilies.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1
+WHERE o1.oprcanmerge AND NOT EXISTS
+  (SELECT 1 FROM pg_amop
+   WHERE amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'btree') AND
+         amopopr = o1.oid AND amopstrategy = 3);
+ oid | oprname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- And the converse.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p.amopfamily
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_amop p
+WHERE amopopr = o1.oid
+  AND amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'btree')
+  AND amopstrategy = 3
+  AND NOT o1.oprcanmerge;
+ oid | oprname | amopfamily 
+-----+---------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Hashable operators should appear as members of hash index opfamilies.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1
+WHERE o1.oprcanhash AND NOT EXISTS
+  (SELECT 1 FROM pg_amop
+   WHERE amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'hash') AND
+         amopopr = o1.oid AND amopstrategy = 1);
+ oid | oprname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- And the converse.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p.amopfamily
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_amop p
+WHERE amopopr = o1.oid
+  AND amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'hash')
+  AND NOT o1.oprcanhash;
+ oid | oprname | amopfamily 
+-----+---------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that each operator defined in pg_operator matches its oprcode entry
+-- in pg_proc.  Easiest to do this separately for each oprkind.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE o1.oprcode = p1.oid AND
+    o1.oprkind = 'b' AND
+    (p1.pronargs != 2
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(p1.prorettype, o1.oprresult)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(o1.oprleft, p1.proargtypes[0])
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(o1.oprright, p1.proargtypes[1]));
+ oid | oprname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE o1.oprcode = p1.oid AND
+    o1.oprkind = 'l' AND
+    (p1.pronargs != 1
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(p1.prorettype, o1.oprresult)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(o1.oprright, p1.proargtypes[0])
+     OR o1.oprleft != 0);
+ oid | oprname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- If the operator is mergejoinable or hashjoinable, its underlying function
+-- should not be volatile.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE o1.oprcode = p1.oid AND
+    (o1.oprcanmerge OR o1.oprcanhash) AND
+    p1.provolatile = 'v';
+ oid | oprname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- If oprrest is set, the operator must return boolean,
+-- and it must link to a proc with the right signature
+-- to be a restriction selectivity estimator.
+-- The proc signature we want is: float8 proc(internal, oid, internal, int4)
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE o1.oprrest = p2.oid AND
+    (o1.oprresult != 'bool'::regtype OR
+     p2.prorettype != 'float8'::regtype OR p2.proretset OR
+     p2.pronargs != 4 OR
+     p2.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[1] != 'oid'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[2] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[3] != 'int4'::regtype);
+ oid | oprname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- If oprjoin is set, the operator must be a binary boolean op,
+-- and it must link to a proc with the right signature
+-- to be a join selectivity estimator.
+-- The proc signature we want is: float8 proc(internal, oid, internal, int2, internal)
+-- (Note: the old signature with only 4 args is still allowed, but no core
+-- estimator should be using it.)
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE o1.oprjoin = p2.oid AND
+    (o1.oprkind != 'b' OR o1.oprresult != 'bool'::regtype OR
+     p2.prorettype != 'float8'::regtype OR p2.proretset OR
+     p2.pronargs != 5 OR
+     p2.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[1] != 'oid'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[2] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[3] != 'int2'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[4] != 'internal'::regtype);
+ oid | oprname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Insist that all built-in pg_operator entries have descriptions
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_operator as o1 LEFT JOIN pg_description as d
+     ON o1.tableoid = d.classoid and o1.oid = d.objoid and d.objsubid = 0
+WHERE d.classoid IS NULL AND o1.oid <= 9999;
+ oid | oprname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that operators' underlying functions have suitable comments,
+-- namely 'implementation of XXX operator'.  (Note: it's not necessary to
+-- put such comments into pg_proc.dat; initdb will generate them as needed.)
+-- In some cases involving legacy names for operators, there are multiple
+-- operators referencing the same pg_proc entry, so ignore operators whose
+-- comments say they are deprecated.
+-- We also have a few functions that are both operator support and meant to
+-- be called directly; those should have comments matching their operator.
+WITH funcdescs AS (
+  SELECT p.oid as p_oid, proname, o.oid as o_oid,
+    pd.description as prodesc,
+    'implementation of ' || oprname || ' operator' as expecteddesc,
+    od.description as oprdesc
+  FROM pg_proc p JOIN pg_operator o ON oprcode = p.oid
+       LEFT JOIN pg_description pd ON
+         (pd.objoid = p.oid and pd.classoid = p.tableoid and pd.objsubid = 0)
+       LEFT JOIN pg_description od ON
+         (od.objoid = o.oid and od.classoid = o.tableoid and od.objsubid = 0)
+  WHERE o.oid <= 9999
+)
+SELECT * FROM funcdescs
+  WHERE prodesc IS DISTINCT FROM expecteddesc
+    AND oprdesc NOT LIKE 'deprecated%'
+    AND prodesc IS DISTINCT FROM oprdesc;
+ p_oid | proname | o_oid | prodesc | expecteddesc | oprdesc 
+-------+---------+-------+---------+--------------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Show all the operator-implementation functions that have their own
+-- comments.  This should happen only in cases where the function and
+-- operator syntaxes are both documented at the user level.
+-- This should be a pretty short list; it's mostly legacy cases.
+WITH funcdescs AS (
+  SELECT p.oid as p_oid, proname, o.oid as o_oid,
+    pd.description as prodesc,
+    'implementation of ' || oprname || ' operator' as expecteddesc,
+    od.description as oprdesc
+  FROM pg_proc p JOIN pg_operator o ON oprcode = p.oid
+       LEFT JOIN pg_description pd ON
+         (pd.objoid = p.oid and pd.classoid = p.tableoid and pd.objsubid = 0)
+       LEFT JOIN pg_description od ON
+         (od.objoid = o.oid and od.classoid = o.tableoid and od.objsubid = 0)
+  WHERE o.oid <= 9999
+)
+SELECT p_oid, proname, prodesc FROM funcdescs
+  WHERE prodesc IS DISTINCT FROM expecteddesc
+    AND oprdesc NOT LIKE 'deprecated%'
+ORDER BY 1;
+ p_oid |         proname         |                     prodesc                     
+-------+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
+   378 | array_append            | append element onto end of array
+   379 | array_prepend           | prepend element onto front of array
+  1035 | aclinsert               | add/update ACL item
+  1036 | aclremove               | remove ACL item
+  1037 | aclcontains             | contains
+  3217 | jsonb_extract_path      | get value from jsonb with path elements
+  3940 | jsonb_extract_path_text | get value from jsonb as text with path elements
+  3951 | json_extract_path       | get value from json with path elements
+  3953 | json_extract_path_text  | get value from json as text with path elements
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Operators that are commutator pairs should have identical volatility
+-- and leakproofness markings on their implementation functions.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprcode, o2.oid, o2.oprcode
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2, pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE o1.oprcom = o2.oid AND p1.oid = o1.oprcode AND p2.oid = o2.oprcode AND
+    (p1.provolatile != p2.provolatile OR
+     p1.proleakproof != p2.proleakproof);
+ oid | oprcode | oid | oprcode 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Likewise for negator pairs.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprcode, o2.oid, o2.oprcode
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2, pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE o1.oprnegate = o2.oid AND p1.oid = o1.oprcode AND p2.oid = o2.oprcode AND
+    (p1.provolatile != p2.provolatile OR
+     p1.proleakproof != p2.proleakproof);
+ oid | oprcode | oid | oprcode 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Btree comparison operators' functions should have the same volatility
+-- and leakproofness markings as the associated comparison support function.
+SELECT pp.oid::regprocedure as proc, pp.provolatile as vp, pp.proleakproof as lp,
+       po.oid::regprocedure as opr, po.provolatile as vo, po.proleakproof as lo
+FROM pg_proc pp, pg_proc po, pg_operator o, pg_amproc ap, pg_amop ao
+WHERE pp.oid = ap.amproc AND po.oid = o.oprcode AND o.oid = ao.amopopr AND
+    ao.amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'btree') AND
+    ao.amopfamily = ap.amprocfamily AND
+    ao.amoplefttype = ap.amproclefttype AND
+    ao.amoprighttype = ap.amprocrighttype AND
+    ap.amprocnum = 1 AND
+    (pp.provolatile != po.provolatile OR
+     pp.proleakproof != po.proleakproof)
+ORDER BY 1;
+ proc | vp | lp | opr | vo | lo 
+------+----+----+-----+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_aggregate ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_aggregate fields.
+SELECT ctid, aggfnoid::oid
+FROM pg_aggregate as a
+WHERE aggfnoid = 0 OR aggtransfn = 0 OR
+    aggkind NOT IN ('n', 'o', 'h') OR
+    aggnumdirectargs < 0 OR
+    (aggkind = 'n' AND aggnumdirectargs > 0) OR
+    aggfinalmodify NOT IN ('r', 's', 'w') OR
+    aggmfinalmodify NOT IN ('r', 's', 'w') OR
+    aggtranstype = 0 OR aggtransspace < 0 OR aggmtransspace < 0;
+ ctid | aggfnoid 
+------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Make sure the matching pg_proc entry is sensible, too.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    (p.prokind != 'a' OR p.proretset OR p.pronargs < a.aggnumdirectargs);
+ aggfnoid | proname 
+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Make sure there are no prokind = PROKIND_AGGREGATE pg_proc entries without matches.
+SELECT oid, proname
+FROM pg_proc as p
+WHERE p.prokind = 'a' AND
+    NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_aggregate a WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid);
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- If there is no finalfn then the output type must be the transtype.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggfinalfn = 0 AND p.prorettype != a.aggtranstype;
+ aggfnoid | proname 
+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Cross-check transfn against its entry in pg_proc.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggtransfn = ptr.oid AND
+    (ptr.proretset
+     OR NOT (ptr.pronargs =
+             CASE WHEN a.aggkind = 'n' THEN p.pronargs + 1
+             ELSE greatest(p.pronargs - a.aggnumdirectargs, 1) + 1 END)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(ptr.prorettype, a.aggtranstype)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(a.aggtranstype, ptr.proargtypes[0])
+     OR (p.pronargs > 0 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], ptr.proargtypes[1]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 1 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[1], ptr.proargtypes[2]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 2 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[2], ptr.proargtypes[3]))
+     -- we could carry the check further, but 3 args is enough for now
+     OR (p.pronargs > 3)
+    );
+ aggfnoid | proname | oid | proname 
+----------+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Cross-check finalfn (if present) against its entry in pg_proc.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, pfn.oid, pfn.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS pfn
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggfinalfn = pfn.oid AND
+    (pfn.proretset OR
+     NOT binary_coercible(pfn.prorettype, p.prorettype) OR
+     NOT binary_coercible(a.aggtranstype, pfn.proargtypes[0]) OR
+     CASE WHEN a.aggfinalextra THEN pfn.pronargs != p.pronargs + 1
+          ELSE pfn.pronargs != a.aggnumdirectargs + 1 END
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 1 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], pfn.proargtypes[1]))
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 2 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[1], pfn.proargtypes[2]))
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 3 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[2], pfn.proargtypes[3]))
+     -- we could carry the check further, but 4 args is enough for now
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 4)
+    );
+ aggfnoid | proname | oid | proname 
+----------+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- If transfn is strict then either initval should be non-NULL, or
+-- input type should match transtype so that the first non-null input
+-- can be assigned as the state value.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggtransfn = ptr.oid AND ptr.proisstrict AND
+    a.agginitval IS NULL AND
+    NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], a.aggtranstype);
+ aggfnoid | proname | oid | proname 
+----------+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for inconsistent specifications of moving-aggregate columns.
+SELECT ctid, aggfnoid::oid
+FROM pg_aggregate as a
+WHERE aggmtranstype != 0 AND
+    (aggmtransfn = 0 OR aggminvtransfn = 0);
+ ctid | aggfnoid 
+------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid, aggfnoid::oid
+FROM pg_aggregate as a
+WHERE aggmtranstype = 0 AND
+    (aggmtransfn != 0 OR aggminvtransfn != 0 OR aggmfinalfn != 0 OR
+     aggmtransspace != 0 OR aggminitval IS NOT NULL);
+ ctid | aggfnoid 
+------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- If there is no mfinalfn then the output type must be the mtranstype.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggmtransfn != 0 AND
+    a.aggmfinalfn = 0 AND p.prorettype != a.aggmtranstype;
+ aggfnoid | proname 
+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Cross-check mtransfn (if present) against its entry in pg_proc.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggmtransfn = ptr.oid AND
+    (ptr.proretset
+     OR NOT (ptr.pronargs =
+             CASE WHEN a.aggkind = 'n' THEN p.pronargs + 1
+             ELSE greatest(p.pronargs - a.aggnumdirectargs, 1) + 1 END)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(ptr.prorettype, a.aggmtranstype)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(a.aggmtranstype, ptr.proargtypes[0])
+     OR (p.pronargs > 0 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], ptr.proargtypes[1]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 1 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[1], ptr.proargtypes[2]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 2 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[2], ptr.proargtypes[3]))
+     -- we could carry the check further, but 3 args is enough for now
+     OR (p.pronargs > 3)
+    );
+ aggfnoid | proname | oid | proname 
+----------+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Cross-check minvtransfn (if present) against its entry in pg_proc.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggminvtransfn = ptr.oid AND
+    (ptr.proretset
+     OR NOT (ptr.pronargs =
+             CASE WHEN a.aggkind = 'n' THEN p.pronargs + 1
+             ELSE greatest(p.pronargs - a.aggnumdirectargs, 1) + 1 END)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(ptr.prorettype, a.aggmtranstype)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(a.aggmtranstype, ptr.proargtypes[0])
+     OR (p.pronargs > 0 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], ptr.proargtypes[1]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 1 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[1], ptr.proargtypes[2]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 2 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[2], ptr.proargtypes[3]))
+     -- we could carry the check further, but 3 args is enough for now
+     OR (p.pronargs > 3)
+    );
+ aggfnoid | proname | oid | proname 
+----------+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Cross-check mfinalfn (if present) against its entry in pg_proc.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, pfn.oid, pfn.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS pfn
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggmfinalfn = pfn.oid AND
+    (pfn.proretset OR
+     NOT binary_coercible(pfn.prorettype, p.prorettype) OR
+     NOT binary_coercible(a.aggmtranstype, pfn.proargtypes[0]) OR
+     CASE WHEN a.aggmfinalextra THEN pfn.pronargs != p.pronargs + 1
+          ELSE pfn.pronargs != a.aggnumdirectargs + 1 END
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 1 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], pfn.proargtypes[1]))
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 2 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[1], pfn.proargtypes[2]))
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 3 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[2], pfn.proargtypes[3]))
+     -- we could carry the check further, but 4 args is enough for now
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 4)
+    );
+ aggfnoid | proname | oid | proname 
+----------+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- If mtransfn is strict then either minitval should be non-NULL, or
+-- input type should match mtranstype so that the first non-null input
+-- can be assigned as the state value.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggmtransfn = ptr.oid AND ptr.proisstrict AND
+    a.aggminitval IS NULL AND
+    NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], a.aggmtranstype);
+ aggfnoid | proname | oid | proname 
+----------+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- mtransfn and minvtransfn should have same strictness setting.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname, iptr.oid, iptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr, pg_proc AS iptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggmtransfn = ptr.oid AND
+    a.aggminvtransfn = iptr.oid AND
+    ptr.proisstrict != iptr.proisstrict;
+ aggfnoid | proname | oid | proname | oid | proname 
+----------+---------+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that all combine functions have signature
+-- combine(transtype, transtype) returns transtype
+SELECT a.aggfnoid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggcombinefn = p.oid AND
+    (p.pronargs != 2 OR
+     p.prorettype != p.proargtypes[0] OR
+     p.prorettype != p.proargtypes[1] OR
+     NOT binary_coercible(a.aggtranstype, p.proargtypes[0]));
+ aggfnoid | proname 
+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that no combine function for an INTERNAL transtype is strict.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggcombinefn = p.oid AND
+    a.aggtranstype = 'internal'::regtype AND p.proisstrict;
+ aggfnoid | proname 
+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- serialize/deserialize functions should be specified only for aggregates
+-- with transtype internal and a combine function, and we should have both
+-- or neither of them.
+SELECT aggfnoid, aggtranstype, aggserialfn, aggdeserialfn
+FROM pg_aggregate
+WHERE (aggserialfn != 0 OR aggdeserialfn != 0)
+  AND (aggtranstype != 'internal'::regtype OR aggcombinefn = 0 OR
+       aggserialfn = 0 OR aggdeserialfn = 0);
+ aggfnoid | aggtranstype | aggserialfn | aggdeserialfn 
+----------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that all serialization functions have signature
+-- serialize(internal) returns bytea
+-- Also insist that they be strict; it's wasteful to run them on NULLs.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggserialfn = p.oid AND
+    (p.prorettype != 'bytea'::regtype OR p.pronargs != 1 OR
+     p.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     NOT p.proisstrict);
+ aggfnoid | proname 
+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that all deserialization functions have signature
+-- deserialize(bytea, internal) returns internal
+-- Also insist that they be strict; it's wasteful to run them on NULLs.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggdeserialfn = p.oid AND
+    (p.prorettype != 'internal'::regtype OR p.pronargs != 2 OR
+     p.proargtypes[0] != 'bytea'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[1] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     NOT p.proisstrict);
+ aggfnoid | proname 
+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that aggregates which have the same transition function also have
+-- the same combine, serialization, and deserialization functions.
+-- While that isn't strictly necessary, it's fishy if they don't.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid, a.aggcombinefn, a.aggserialfn, a.aggdeserialfn,
+       b.aggfnoid, b.aggcombinefn, b.aggserialfn, b.aggdeserialfn
+FROM
+    pg_aggregate a, pg_aggregate b
+WHERE
+    a.aggfnoid < b.aggfnoid AND a.aggtransfn = b.aggtransfn AND
+    (a.aggcombinefn != b.aggcombinefn OR a.aggserialfn != b.aggserialfn
+     OR a.aggdeserialfn != b.aggdeserialfn);
+ aggfnoid | aggcombinefn | aggserialfn | aggdeserialfn | aggfnoid | aggcombinefn | aggserialfn | aggdeserialfn 
+----------+--------------+-------------+---------------+----------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Cross-check aggsortop (if present) against pg_operator.
+-- We expect to find entries for bool_and, bool_or, every, max, and min.
+SELECT DISTINCT proname, oprname
+FROM pg_operator AS o, pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND a.aggsortop = o.oid
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ proname  | oprname 
+----------+---------
+ bool_and | <
+ bool_or  | >
+ every    | <
+ max      | >
+ min      | <
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Check datatypes match
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, o.oid
+FROM pg_operator AS o, pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND a.aggsortop = o.oid AND
+    (oprkind != 'b' OR oprresult != 'boolean'::regtype
+     OR oprleft != p.proargtypes[0] OR oprright != p.proargtypes[0]);
+ aggfnoid | oid 
+----------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check operator is a suitable btree opfamily member
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, o.oid
+FROM pg_operator AS o, pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND a.aggsortop = o.oid AND
+    NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_amop
+               WHERE amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'btree')
+                     AND amopopr = o.oid
+                     AND amoplefttype = o.oprleft
+                     AND amoprighttype = o.oprright);
+ aggfnoid | oid 
+----------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check correspondence of btree strategies and names
+SELECT DISTINCT proname, oprname, amopstrategy
+FROM pg_operator AS o, pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p,
+     pg_amop as ao
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND a.aggsortop = o.oid AND
+    amopopr = o.oid AND
+    amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'btree')
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ proname  | oprname | amopstrategy 
+----------+---------+--------------
+ bool_and | <       |            1
+ bool_or  | >       |            5
+ every    | <       |            1
+ max      | >       |            5
+ min      | <       |            1
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Check that there are not aggregates with the same name and different
+-- numbers of arguments.  While not technically wrong, we have a project policy
+-- to avoid this because it opens the door for confusion in connection with
+-- ORDER BY: novices frequently put the ORDER BY in the wrong place.
+-- See the fate of the single-argument form of string_agg() for history.
+-- (Note: we don't forbid users from creating such aggregates; the policy is
+-- just to think twice before creating built-in aggregates like this.)
+-- The only aggregates that should show up here are count(x) and count(*).
+SELECT p1.oid::regprocedure, p2.oid::regprocedure
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid < p2.oid AND p1.proname = p2.proname AND
+    p1.prokind = 'a' AND p2.prokind = 'a' AND
+    array_dims(p1.proargtypes) != array_dims(p2.proargtypes)
+ORDER BY 1;
+     oid      |   oid   
+--------------+---------
+ count("any") | count()
+(1 row)
+
+-- For the same reason, built-in aggregates with default arguments are no good.
+SELECT oid, proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p
+WHERE prokind = 'a' AND proargdefaults IS NOT NULL;
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- For the same reason, we avoid creating built-in variadic aggregates, except
+-- that variadic ordered-set aggregates are OK (since they have special syntax
+-- that is not subject to the misplaced ORDER BY issue).
+SELECT p.oid, proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p JOIN pg_aggregate AS a ON a.aggfnoid = p.oid
+WHERE prokind = 'a' AND provariadic != 0 AND a.aggkind = 'n';
+ oid | proname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_opfamily ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_opfamily fields
+SELECT f.oid
+FROM pg_opfamily as f
+WHERE f.opfmethod = 0 OR f.opfnamespace = 0;
+ oid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for opfamilies having no opclasses.  While most validation of
+-- opfamilies is now handled by AM-specific amvalidate functions, that's
+-- driven from pg_opclass entries below, so an empty opfamily would not
+-- get noticed.
+SELECT oid, opfname FROM pg_opfamily f
+WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_opclass WHERE opcfamily = f.oid);
+ oid | opfname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_opclass ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_opclass fields
+SELECT c1.oid
+FROM pg_opclass AS c1
+WHERE c1.opcmethod = 0 OR c1.opcnamespace = 0 OR c1.opcfamily = 0
+    OR c1.opcintype = 0;
+ oid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- opcmethod must match owning opfamily's opfmethod
+SELECT c1.oid, f1.oid
+FROM pg_opclass AS c1, pg_opfamily AS f1
+WHERE c1.opcfamily = f1.oid AND c1.opcmethod != f1.opfmethod;
+ oid | oid 
+-----+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- There should not be multiple entries in pg_opclass with opcdefault true
+-- and the same opcmethod/opcintype combination.
+SELECT c1.oid, c2.oid
+FROM pg_opclass AS c1, pg_opclass AS c2
+WHERE c1.oid != c2.oid AND
+    c1.opcmethod = c2.opcmethod AND c1.opcintype = c2.opcintype AND
+    c1.opcdefault AND c2.opcdefault;
+ oid | oid 
+-----+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Ask access methods to validate opclasses
+-- (this replaces a lot of SQL-level checks that used to be done in this file)
+SELECT oid, opcname FROM pg_opclass WHERE NOT amvalidate(oid);
+ oid | opcname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_am ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_am fields
+SELECT a1.oid, a1.amname
+FROM pg_am AS a1
+WHERE a1.amhandler = 0;
+ oid | amname 
+-----+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for index amhandler functions with the wrong signature
+SELECT a1.oid, a1.amname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_am AS a1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE p1.oid = a1.amhandler AND a1.amtype = 'i' AND
+    (p1.prorettype != 'index_am_handler'::regtype
+     OR p1.proretset
+     OR p1.pronargs != 1
+     OR p1.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype);
+ oid | amname | oid | proname 
+-----+--------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for table amhandler functions with the wrong signature
+SELECT a1.oid, a1.amname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_am AS a1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE p1.oid = a1.amhandler AND a1.amtype = 's' AND
+    (p1.prorettype != 'table_am_handler'::regtype
+     OR p1.proretset
+     OR p1.pronargs != 1
+     OR p1.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype);
+ oid | amname | oid | proname 
+-----+--------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_amop ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_amop fields
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopstrategy
+FROM pg_amop as a1
+WHERE a1.amopfamily = 0 OR a1.amoplefttype = 0 OR a1.amoprighttype = 0
+    OR a1.amopopr = 0 OR a1.amopmethod = 0 OR a1.amopstrategy < 1;
+ amopfamily | amopstrategy 
+------------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopstrategy
+FROM pg_amop as a1
+WHERE NOT ((a1.amoppurpose = 's' AND a1.amopsortfamily = 0) OR
+           (a1.amoppurpose = 'o' AND a1.amopsortfamily <> 0));
+ amopfamily | amopstrategy 
+------------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- amopmethod must match owning opfamily's opfmethod
+SELECT a1.oid, f1.oid
+FROM pg_amop AS a1, pg_opfamily AS f1
+WHERE a1.amopfamily = f1.oid AND a1.amopmethod != f1.opfmethod;
+ oid | oid 
+-----+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Make a list of all the distinct operator names being used in particular
+-- strategy slots.  This is a bit hokey, since the list might need to change
+-- in future releases, but it's an effective way of spotting mistakes such as
+-- swapping two operators within a family.
+SELECT DISTINCT amopmethod, amopstrategy, oprname
+FROM pg_amop a1 LEFT JOIN pg_operator o1 ON amopopr = o1.oid
+ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ amopmethod | amopstrategy | oprname 
+------------+--------------+---------
+        403 |            1 | *<
+        403 |            1 | <
+        403 |            1 | ~<~
+        403 |            2 | *<=
+        403 |            2 | <=
+        403 |            2 | ~<=~
+        403 |            3 | *=
+        403 |            3 | =
+        403 |            4 | *>=
+        403 |            4 | >=
+        403 |            4 | ~>=~
+        403 |            5 | *>
+        403 |            5 | >
+        403 |            5 | ~>~
+        405 |            1 | =
+        783 |            1 | <<
+        783 |            1 | @@
+        783 |            2 | &<
+        783 |            3 | &&
+        783 |            4 | &>
+        783 |            5 | >>
+        783 |            6 | -|-
+        783 |            6 | ~=
+        783 |            7 | @>
+        783 |            8 | <@
+        783 |            9 | &<|
+        783 |           10 | <<|
+        783 |           11 | |>>
+        783 |           12 | |&>
+        783 |           15 | <->
+        783 |           16 | @>
+        783 |           18 | =
+        783 |           19 | <>
+        783 |           20 | <
+        783 |           21 | <=
+        783 |           22 | >
+        783 |           23 | >=
+        783 |           24 | <<
+        783 |           25 | <<=
+        783 |           26 | >>
+        783 |           27 | >>=
+        783 |           28 | <@
+        783 |           29 | <^
+        783 |           30 | >^
+        783 |           48 | <@
+        783 |           68 | <@
+       2742 |            1 | &&
+       2742 |            1 | @@
+       2742 |            2 | @>
+       2742 |            2 | @@@
+       2742 |            3 | <@
+       2742 |            4 | =
+       2742 |            7 | @>
+       2742 |            9 | ?
+       2742 |           10 | ?|
+       2742 |           11 | ?&
+       2742 |           15 | @?
+       2742 |           16 | @@
+       3580 |            1 | <
+       3580 |            1 | <<
+       3580 |            1 | =
+       3580 |            2 | &<
+       3580 |            2 | <=
+       3580 |            3 | &&
+       3580 |            3 | =
+       3580 |            4 | &>
+       3580 |            4 | >=
+       3580 |            5 | >
+       3580 |            5 | >>
+       3580 |            6 | ~=
+       3580 |            7 | >>=
+       3580 |            7 | @>
+       3580 |            8 | <<=
+       3580 |            8 | <@
+       3580 |            9 | &<|
+       3580 |           10 | <<|
+       3580 |           11 | |>>
+       3580 |           12 | |&>
+       3580 |           16 | @>
+       3580 |           17 | -|-
+       3580 |           18 | =
+       3580 |           20 | <
+       3580 |           21 | <=
+       3580 |           22 | >
+       3580 |           23 | >=
+       3580 |           24 | >>
+       3580 |           26 | <<
+       4000 |            1 | <<
+       4000 |            1 | ~<~
+       4000 |            2 | &<
+       4000 |            2 | ~<=~
+       4000 |            3 | &&
+       4000 |            3 | =
+       4000 |            4 | &>
+       4000 |            4 | ~>=~
+       4000 |            5 | >>
+       4000 |            5 | ~>~
+       4000 |            6 | -|-
+       4000 |            6 | ~=
+       4000 |            7 | @>
+       4000 |            8 | <@
+       4000 |            9 | &<|
+       4000 |           10 | <<|
+       4000 |           11 | <
+       4000 |           11 | |>>
+       4000 |           12 | <=
+       4000 |           12 | |&>
+       4000 |           14 | >=
+       4000 |           15 | <->
+       4000 |           15 | >
+       4000 |           16 | @>
+       4000 |           18 | =
+       4000 |           19 | <>
+       4000 |           20 | <
+       4000 |           21 | <=
+       4000 |           22 | >
+       4000 |           23 | >=
+       4000 |           24 | <<
+       4000 |           25 | <<=
+       4000 |           26 | >>
+       4000 |           27 | >>=
+       4000 |           28 | ^@
+       4000 |           29 | <^
+       4000 |           30 | >^
+(124 rows)
+
+-- Check that all opclass search operators have selectivity estimators.
+-- This is not absolutely required, but it seems a reasonable thing
+-- to insist on for all standard datatypes.
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopopr, o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_amop AS a1, pg_operator AS o1
+WHERE a1.amopopr = o1.oid AND a1.amoppurpose = 's' AND
+    (o1.oprrest = 0 OR o1.oprjoin = 0);
+ amopfamily | amopopr | oid | oprname 
+------------+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that each opclass in an opfamily has associated operators, that is
+-- ones whose oprleft matches opcintype (possibly by coercion).
+SELECT c1.opcname, c1.opcfamily
+FROM pg_opclass AS c1
+WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_amop AS a1
+                 WHERE a1.amopfamily = c1.opcfamily
+                   AND binary_coercible(c1.opcintype, a1.amoplefttype));
+ opcname | opcfamily 
+---------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that each operator listed in pg_amop has an associated opclass,
+-- that is one whose opcintype matches oprleft (possibly by coercion).
+-- Otherwise the operator is useless because it cannot be matched to an index.
+-- (In principle it could be useful to list such operators in multiple-datatype
+-- btree opfamilies, but in practice you'd expect there to be an opclass for
+-- every datatype the family knows about.)
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopstrategy, a1.amopopr
+FROM pg_amop AS a1
+WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_opclass AS c1
+                 WHERE c1.opcfamily = a1.amopfamily
+                   AND binary_coercible(c1.opcintype, a1.amoplefttype));
+ amopfamily | amopstrategy | amopopr 
+------------+--------------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Operators that are primary members of opclasses must be immutable (else
+-- it suggests that the index ordering isn't fixed).  Operators that are
+-- cross-type members need only be stable, since they are just shorthands
+-- for index probe queries.
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopopr, o1.oprname, p1.prosrc
+FROM pg_amop AS a1, pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE a1.amopopr = o1.oid AND o1.oprcode = p1.oid AND
+    a1.amoplefttype = a1.amoprighttype AND
+    p1.provolatile != 'i';
+ amopfamily | amopopr | oprname | prosrc 
+------------+---------+---------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopopr, o1.oprname, p1.prosrc
+FROM pg_amop AS a1, pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE a1.amopopr = o1.oid AND o1.oprcode = p1.oid AND
+    a1.amoplefttype != a1.amoprighttype AND
+    p1.provolatile = 'v';
+ amopfamily | amopopr | oprname | prosrc 
+------------+---------+---------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_amproc ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_amproc fields
+SELECT a1.amprocfamily, a1.amprocnum
+FROM pg_amproc as a1
+WHERE a1.amprocfamily = 0 OR a1.amproclefttype = 0 OR a1.amprocrighttype = 0
+    OR a1.amprocnum < 0 OR a1.amproc = 0;
+ amprocfamily | amprocnum 
+--------------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Support routines that are primary members of opfamilies must be immutable
+-- (else it suggests that the index ordering isn't fixed).  But cross-type
+-- members need only be stable, since they are just shorthands
+-- for index probe queries.
+SELECT a1.amprocfamily, a1.amproc, p1.prosrc
+FROM pg_amproc AS a1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE a1.amproc = p1.oid AND
+    a1.amproclefttype = a1.amprocrighttype AND
+    p1.provolatile != 'i';
+ amprocfamily | amproc | prosrc 
+--------------+--------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT a1.amprocfamily, a1.amproc, p1.prosrc
+FROM pg_amproc AS a1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE a1.amproc = p1.oid AND
+    a1.amproclefttype != a1.amprocrighttype AND
+    p1.provolatile = 'v';
+ amprocfamily | amproc | prosrc 
+--------------+--------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Almost all of the core distribution's Btree opclasses can use one of the
+-- two generic "equalimage" functions as their support function 4.  Look for
+-- opclasses that don't allow deduplication unconditionally here.
+--
+-- Newly added Btree opclasses don't have to support deduplication.  It will
+-- usually be trivial to add support, though.  Note that the expected output
+-- of this part of the test will need to be updated when a new opclass cannot
+-- support deduplication (by using btequalimage).
+SELECT amp.amproc::regproc AS proc, opf.opfname AS opfamily_name,
+       opc.opcname AS opclass_name, opc.opcintype::regtype AS opcintype
+FROM pg_am AS am
+JOIN pg_opclass AS opc ON opc.opcmethod = am.oid
+JOIN pg_opfamily AS opf ON opc.opcfamily = opf.oid
+LEFT JOIN pg_amproc AS amp ON amp.amprocfamily = opf.oid AND
+    amp.amproclefttype = opc.opcintype AND amp.amprocnum = 4
+WHERE am.amname = 'btree' AND
+    amp.amproc IS DISTINCT FROM 'btequalimage'::regproc
+ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+        proc        |  opfamily_name   |   opclass_name   |    opcintype     
+--------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+ btvarstrequalimage | bpchar_ops       | bpchar_ops       | character
+ btvarstrequalimage | text_ops         | name_ops         | name
+ btvarstrequalimage | text_ops         | text_ops         | text
+ btvarstrequalimage | text_ops         | varchar_ops      | text
+                    | array_ops        | array_ops        | anyarray
+                    | float_ops        | float4_ops       | real
+                    | float_ops        | float8_ops       | double precision
+                    | interval_ops     | interval_ops     | interval
+                    | jsonb_ops        | jsonb_ops        | jsonb
+                    | multirange_ops   | multirange_ops   | anymultirange
+                    | numeric_ops      | numeric_ops      | numeric
+                    | range_ops        | range_ops        | anyrange
+                    | record_image_ops | record_image_ops | record
+                    | record_ops       | record_ops       | record
+                    | tsquery_ops      | tsquery_ops      | tsquery
+                    | tsvector_ops     | tsvector_ops     | tsvector
+(16 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_index ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_index fields.
+SELECT indexrelid, indrelid
+FROM pg_index
+WHERE indexrelid = 0 OR indrelid = 0 OR
+      indnatts <= 0 OR indnatts > 32;
+ indexrelid | indrelid 
+------------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- oidvector and int2vector fields should be of length indnatts.
+SELECT indexrelid, indrelid
+FROM pg_index
+WHERE array_lower(indkey, 1) != 0 OR array_upper(indkey, 1) != indnatts-1 OR
+    array_lower(indclass, 1) != 0 OR array_upper(indclass, 1) != indnatts-1 OR
+    array_lower(indcollation, 1) != 0 OR array_upper(indcollation, 1) != indnatts-1 OR
+    array_lower(indoption, 1) != 0 OR array_upper(indoption, 1) != indnatts-1;
+ indexrelid | indrelid 
+------------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that opclasses and collations match the underlying columns.
+-- (As written, this test ignores expression indexes.)
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass, attname, atttypid::regtype, opcname
+FROM (SELECT indexrelid, indrelid, unnest(indkey) as ikey,
+             unnest(indclass) as iclass, unnest(indcollation) as icoll
+      FROM pg_index) ss,
+      pg_attribute a,
+      pg_opclass opc
+WHERE a.attrelid = indrelid AND a.attnum = ikey AND opc.oid = iclass AND
+      (NOT binary_coercible(atttypid, opcintype) OR icoll != attcollation);
+ indexrelid | indrelid | attname | atttypid | opcname 
+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- For system catalogs, be even tighter: nearly all indexes should be
+-- exact type matches not binary-coercible matches.  At this writing
+-- the only exception is an OID index on a regproc column.
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass, attname, atttypid::regtype, opcname
+FROM (SELECT indexrelid, indrelid, unnest(indkey) as ikey,
+             unnest(indclass) as iclass, unnest(indcollation) as icoll
+      FROM pg_index
+      WHERE indrelid < 16384) ss,
+      pg_attribute a,
+      pg_opclass opc
+WHERE a.attrelid = indrelid AND a.attnum = ikey AND opc.oid = iclass AND
+      (opcintype != atttypid OR icoll != attcollation)
+ORDER BY 1;
+        indexrelid        |   indrelid   | attname  | atttypid | opcname 
+--------------------------+--------------+----------+----------+---------
+ pg_aggregate_fnoid_index | pg_aggregate | aggfnoid | regproc  | oid_ops
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check for system catalogs with collation-sensitive ordering.  This is not
+-- a representational error in pg_index, but simply wrong catalog design.
+-- It's bad because we expect to be able to clone template0 and assign the
+-- copy a different database collation.  It would especially not work for
+-- shared catalogs.
+SELECT relname, attname, attcollation
+FROM pg_class c, pg_attribute a
+WHERE c.oid = attrelid AND c.oid < 16384 AND
+    c.relkind != 'v' AND  -- we don't care about columns in views
+    attcollation != 0 AND
+    attcollation != (SELECT oid FROM pg_collation WHERE collname = 'C');
+ relname | attname | attcollation 
+---------+---------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Double-check that collation-sensitive indexes have "C" collation, too.
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass, iclass, icoll
+FROM (SELECT indexrelid, indrelid,
+             unnest(indclass) as iclass, unnest(indcollation) as icoll
+      FROM pg_index
+      WHERE indrelid < 16384) ss
+WHERE icoll != 0 AND
+    icoll != (SELECT oid FROM pg_collation WHERE collname = 'C');
+ indexrelid | indrelid | iclass | icoll 
+------------+----------+--------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/partition_aggregate.out b/src/test/regress/expected/partition_aggregate.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d69619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/partition_aggregate.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1521 @@
+--
+-- PARTITION_AGGREGATE
+-- Test partitionwise aggregation on partitioned tables
+--
+-- Note: to ensure plan stability, it's a good idea to make the partitions of
+-- any one partitioned table in this test all have different numbers of rows.
+--
+-- Enable partitionwise aggregate, which by default is disabled.
+SET enable_partitionwise_aggregate TO true;
+-- Enable partitionwise join, which by default is disabled.
+SET enable_partitionwise_join TO true;
+-- Disable parallel plans.
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather TO 0;
+-- Disable incremental sort, which can influence selected plans due to fuzz factor.
+SET enable_incremental_sort TO off;
+--
+-- Tests for list partitioned tables.
+--
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab (a int, b int, c text, d int) PARTITION BY LIST(c);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0001', '0002', '0003', '0004');
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab FOR VALUES IN ('0005', '0006', '0007', '0008');
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_p3 PARTITION OF pagg_tab FOR VALUES IN ('0009', '0010', '0011');
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab SELECT i % 20, i % 30, to_char(i % 12, 'FM0000'), i % 30 FROM generate_series(0, 2999) i;
+ANALYZE pagg_tab;
+-- When GROUP BY clause matches; full aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(a), avg(b), count(*), min(a), max(b) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab.c, (sum(pagg_tab.a)), (avg(pagg_tab.b))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab.c
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab.d) < '15'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_1.c
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_1.d) < '15'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_1
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_2.c
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_2.d) < '15'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_2
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT c, sum(a), avg(b), count(*), min(a), max(b) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+  c   | sum  |         avg         | count | min | max 
+------+------+---------------------+-------+-----+-----
+ 0000 | 2000 | 12.0000000000000000 |   250 |   0 |  24
+ 0001 | 2250 | 13.0000000000000000 |   250 |   1 |  25
+ 0002 | 2500 | 14.0000000000000000 |   250 |   2 |  26
+ 0006 | 2500 | 12.0000000000000000 |   250 |   2 |  24
+ 0007 | 2750 | 13.0000000000000000 |   250 |   3 |  25
+ 0008 | 2000 | 14.0000000000000000 |   250 |   0 |  26
+(6 rows)
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause does not match; partial aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(b), count(*), min(a), max(b) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY a HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab.a, (sum(pagg_tab.b)), (avg(pagg_tab.b))
+   ->  Finalize HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab.a
+         Filter: (avg(pagg_tab.d) < '15'::numeric)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab.a
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_1.a
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_1
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_2.a
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_2
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(b), count(*), min(a), max(b) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY a HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ a  | sum  |         avg         | count | min | max 
+----+------+---------------------+-------+-----+-----
+  0 | 1500 | 10.0000000000000000 |   150 |   0 |  20
+  1 | 1650 | 11.0000000000000000 |   150 |   1 |  21
+  2 | 1800 | 12.0000000000000000 |   150 |   2 |  22
+  3 | 1950 | 13.0000000000000000 |   150 |   3 |  23
+  4 | 2100 | 14.0000000000000000 |   150 |   4 |  24
+ 10 | 1500 | 10.0000000000000000 |   150 |  10 |  20
+ 11 | 1650 | 11.0000000000000000 |   150 |  11 |  21
+ 12 | 1800 | 12.0000000000000000 |   150 |  12 |  22
+ 13 | 1950 | 13.0000000000000000 |   150 |  13 |  23
+ 14 | 2100 | 14.0000000000000000 |   150 |  14 |  24
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Check with multiple columns in GROUP BY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, c, count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY a, c;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab.a, pagg_tab.c
+         ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_1.a, pagg_tab_1.c
+         ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_1
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_2.a, pagg_tab_2.c
+         ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_2
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Check with multiple columns in GROUP BY, order in GROUP BY is reversed
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, c, count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c, a;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab.c, pagg_tab.a
+         ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_1.c, pagg_tab_1.a
+         ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_1
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_2.c, pagg_tab_2.a
+         ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_2
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Check with multiple columns in GROUP BY, order in target-list is reversed
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, a, count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY a, c;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab.a, pagg_tab.c
+         ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_1.a, pagg_tab_1.c
+         ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_1
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_2.a, pagg_tab_2.c
+         ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_2
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Test when input relation for grouping is dummy
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(a) FROM pagg_tab WHERE 1 = 2 GROUP BY c;
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: c
+   ->  Result
+         One-Time Filter: false
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT c, sum(a) FROM pagg_tab WHERE 1 = 2 GROUP BY c;
+ c | sum 
+---+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(a) FROM pagg_tab WHERE c = 'x' GROUP BY c;
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: c
+   ->  Result
+         One-Time Filter: false
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT c, sum(a) FROM pagg_tab WHERE c = 'x' GROUP BY c;
+ c | sum 
+---+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test GroupAggregate paths by disabling hash aggregates.
+SET enable_hashagg TO false;
+-- When GROUP BY clause matches full aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(a), avg(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY 1 HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab.c, (sum(pagg_tab.a)), (avg(pagg_tab.b))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab.c
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab.d) < '15'::numeric)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab.c
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_1.c
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_1.d) < '15'::numeric)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_1.c
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_1
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_2.c
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_2.d) < '15'::numeric)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_2.c
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_2
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT c, sum(a), avg(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY 1 HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+  c   | sum  |         avg         | count 
+------+------+---------------------+-------
+ 0000 | 2000 | 12.0000000000000000 |   250
+ 0001 | 2250 | 13.0000000000000000 |   250
+ 0002 | 2500 | 14.0000000000000000 |   250
+ 0006 | 2500 | 12.0000000000000000 |   250
+ 0007 | 2750 | 13.0000000000000000 |   250
+ 0008 | 2000 | 14.0000000000000000 |   250
+(6 rows)
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause does not match; partial aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY 1 HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab.a, (sum(pagg_tab.b)), (avg(pagg_tab.b))
+   ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab.a
+         Filter: (avg(pagg_tab.d) < '15'::numeric)
+         ->  Merge Append
+               Sort Key: pagg_tab.a
+               ->  Partial GroupAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab.a
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: pagg_tab.a
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab
+               ->  Partial GroupAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_1.a
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: pagg_tab_1.a
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_1
+               ->  Partial GroupAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_2.a
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: pagg_tab_2.a
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_2
+(22 rows)
+
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY 1 HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ a  | sum  |         avg         | count 
+----+------+---------------------+-------
+  0 | 1500 | 10.0000000000000000 |   150
+  1 | 1650 | 11.0000000000000000 |   150
+  2 | 1800 | 12.0000000000000000 |   150
+  3 | 1950 | 13.0000000000000000 |   150
+  4 | 2100 | 14.0000000000000000 |   150
+ 10 | 1500 | 10.0000000000000000 |   150
+ 11 | 1650 | 11.0000000000000000 |   150
+ 12 | 1800 | 12.0000000000000000 |   150
+ 13 | 1950 | 13.0000000000000000 |   150
+ 14 | 2100 | 14.0000000000000000 |   150
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Test partitionwise grouping without any aggregates
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c ORDER BY 1;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab.c
+   ->  Group
+         Group Key: pagg_tab.c
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: pagg_tab.c
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab
+   ->  Group
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_1.c
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: pagg_tab_1.c
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_1
+   ->  Group
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_2.c
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: pagg_tab_2.c
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_2
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT c FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c ORDER BY 1;
+  c   
+------
+ 0000
+ 0001
+ 0002
+ 0003
+ 0004
+ 0005
+ 0006
+ 0007
+ 0008
+ 0009
+ 0010
+ 0011
+(12 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a FROM pagg_tab WHERE a < 3 GROUP BY a ORDER BY 1;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Group
+   Group Key: pagg_tab.a
+   ->  Merge Append
+         Sort Key: pagg_tab.a
+         ->  Group
+               Group Key: pagg_tab.a
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab.a
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab
+                           Filter: (a < 3)
+         ->  Group
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_1.a
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_1.a
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_1
+                           Filter: (a < 3)
+         ->  Group
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_2.a
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_2.a
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_2
+                           Filter: (a < 3)
+(22 rows)
+
+SELECT a FROM pagg_tab WHERE a < 3 GROUP BY a ORDER BY 1;
+ a 
+---
+ 0
+ 1
+ 2
+(3 rows)
+
+RESET enable_hashagg;
+-- ROLLUP, partitionwise aggregation does not apply
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(a) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY rollup(c) ORDER BY 1, 2;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab.c, (sum(pagg_tab.a))
+   ->  MixedAggregate
+         Hash Key: pagg_tab.c
+         Group Key: ()
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_3
+(9 rows)
+
+-- ORDERED SET within the aggregate.
+-- Full aggregation; since all the rows that belong to the same group come
+-- from the same partition, having an ORDER BY within the aggregate doesn't
+-- make any difference.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(b order by a) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c ORDER BY 1, 2;
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab.c, (sum(pagg_tab.b ORDER BY pagg_tab.a))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab.c
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab.c
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_1.c
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_1.c
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_1
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_2.c
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_2.c
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_2
+(18 rows)
+
+-- Since GROUP BY clause does not match with PARTITION KEY; we need to do
+-- partial aggregation. However, ORDERED SET are not partial safe and thus
+-- partitionwise aggregation plan is not generated.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b order by a) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY a ORDER BY 1, 2;
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab.a, (sum(pagg_tab.b ORDER BY pagg_tab.a))
+   ->  GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab.a
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: pagg_tab.a
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p1 pagg_tab_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p2 pagg_tab_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_p3 pagg_tab_3
+(10 rows)
+
+-- JOIN query
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab1(x int, y int) PARTITION BY RANGE(x);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab1_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab1_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab1_p3 PARTITION OF pagg_tab1 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab2(x int, y int) PARTITION BY RANGE(y);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab2_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab2 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab2_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab2_p3 PARTITION OF pagg_tab2 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab1 SELECT i % 30, i % 20 FROM generate_series(0, 299, 2) i;
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab2 SELECT i % 20, i % 30 FROM generate_series(0, 299, 3) i;
+ANALYZE pagg_tab1;
+ANALYZE pagg_tab2;
+-- When GROUP BY clause matches; full aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.x, sum(t1.y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.x ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.x, (sum(t1.y)), (count(*))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: t1.x
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1.x = t2.y)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p1 t1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p1 t2
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: t1_1.x
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_1.x = t2_1.y)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p2 t1_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p2 t2_1
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: t1_2.x
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t2_2.y = t1_2.x)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p3 t2_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p3 t1_2
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.x, sum(t1.y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.x ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ x  | sum  | count 
+----+------+-------
+  0 |  500 |   100
+  6 | 1100 |   100
+ 12 |  700 |   100
+ 18 | 1300 |   100
+ 24 |  900 |   100
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Check with whole-row reference; partitionwise aggregation does not apply
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.x, sum(t1.y), count(t1) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.x ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.x, (sum(t1.y)), (count(((t1.*)::pagg_tab1)))
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: t1.x
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1.x = t2.y)
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p1 t1_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p2 t1_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p3 t1_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p1 t2_1
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p2 t2_2
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p3 t2_3
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.x, sum(t1.y), count(t1) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.x ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ x  | sum  | count 
+----+------+-------
+  0 |  500 |   100
+  6 | 1100 |   100
+ 12 |  700 |   100
+ 18 | 1300 |   100
+ 24 |  900 |   100
+(5 rows)
+
+-- GROUP BY having other matching key
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t2.y, sum(t1.y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t2.y ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t2.y, (sum(t1.y)), (count(*))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: t2.y
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1.x = t2.y)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p1 t1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p1 t2
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: t2_1.y
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_1.x = t2_1.y)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p2 t1_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p2 t2_1
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: t2_2.y
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t2_2.y = t1_2.x)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p3 t2_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p3 t1_2
+(24 rows)
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause does not match; partial aggregation is performed for each partition.
+-- Also test GroupAggregate paths by disabling hash aggregates.
+SET enable_hashagg TO false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.y, sum(t1.x), count(*) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.y HAVING avg(t1.x) > 10 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.y, (sum(t1.x)), (count(*))
+   ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: t1.y
+         Filter: (avg(t1.x) > '10'::numeric)
+         ->  Merge Append
+               Sort Key: t1.y
+               ->  Partial GroupAggregate
+                     Group Key: t1.y
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: t1.y
+                           ->  Hash Join
+                                 Hash Cond: (t1.x = t2.y)
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p1 t1
+                                 ->  Hash
+                                       ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p1 t2
+               ->  Partial GroupAggregate
+                     Group Key: t1_1.y
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: t1_1.y
+                           ->  Hash Join
+                                 Hash Cond: (t1_1.x = t2_1.y)
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p2 t1_1
+                                 ->  Hash
+                                       ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p2 t2_1
+               ->  Partial GroupAggregate
+                     Group Key: t1_2.y
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: t1_2.y
+                           ->  Hash Join
+                                 Hash Cond: (t2_2.y = t1_2.x)
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p3 t2_2
+                                 ->  Hash
+                                       ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p3 t1_2
+(34 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.y, sum(t1.x), count(*) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.y HAVING avg(t1.x) > 10 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ y  | sum  | count 
+----+------+-------
+  2 |  600 |    50
+  4 | 1200 |    50
+  8 |  900 |    50
+ 12 |  600 |    50
+ 14 | 1200 |    50
+ 18 |  900 |    50
+(6 rows)
+
+RESET enable_hashagg;
+-- Check with LEFT/RIGHT/FULL OUTER JOINs which produces NULL values for
+-- aggregation
+-- LEFT JOIN, should produce partial partitionwise aggregation plan as
+-- GROUP BY is on nullable column
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT b.y, sum(a.y) FROM pagg_tab1 a LEFT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY b.y ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: b.y
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: b.y
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: b.y
+                     ->  Hash Left Join
+                           Hash Cond: (a.x = b.y)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p1 a
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p1 b
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: b_1.y
+                     ->  Hash Left Join
+                           Hash Cond: (a_1.x = b_1.y)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p2 a_1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p2 b_1
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: b_2.y
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Hash Cond: (b_2.y = a_2.x)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p3 b_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p3 a_2
+(26 rows)
+
+SELECT b.y, sum(a.y) FROM pagg_tab1 a LEFT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY b.y ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+ y  | sum  
+----+------
+  0 |  500
+  6 | 1100
+ 12 |  700
+ 18 | 1300
+ 24 |  900
+    |  900
+(6 rows)
+
+-- RIGHT JOIN, should produce full partitionwise aggregation plan as
+-- GROUP BY is on non-nullable column
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT b.y, sum(a.y) FROM pagg_tab1 a RIGHT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY b.y ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: b.y
+   ->  Append
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: b.y
+               ->  Hash Right Join
+                     Hash Cond: (a.x = b.y)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p1 a
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p1 b
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: b_1.y
+               ->  Hash Right Join
+                     Hash Cond: (a_1.x = b_1.y)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p2 a_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p2 b_1
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: b_2.y
+               ->  Hash Left Join
+                     Hash Cond: (b_2.y = a_2.x)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p3 b_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p3 a_2
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT b.y, sum(a.y) FROM pagg_tab1 a RIGHT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY b.y ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+ y  | sum  
+----+------
+  0 |  500
+  3 |     
+  6 | 1100
+  9 |     
+ 12 |  700
+ 15 |     
+ 18 | 1300
+ 21 |     
+ 24 |  900
+ 27 |     
+(10 rows)
+
+-- FULL JOIN, should produce partial partitionwise aggregation plan as
+-- GROUP BY is on nullable column
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a.x, sum(b.x) FROM pagg_tab1 a FULL OUTER JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY a.x ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: a.x
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: a.x
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: a.x
+                     ->  Hash Full Join
+                           Hash Cond: (a.x = b.y)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p1 a
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p1 b
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: a_1.x
+                     ->  Hash Full Join
+                           Hash Cond: (a_1.x = b_1.y)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p2 a_1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p2 b_1
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: a_2.x
+                     ->  Hash Full Join
+                           Hash Cond: (b_2.y = a_2.x)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p3 b_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p3 a_2
+(26 rows)
+
+SELECT a.x, sum(b.x) FROM pagg_tab1 a FULL OUTER JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY a.x ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+ x  | sum  
+----+------
+  0 |  500
+  2 |     
+  4 |     
+  6 | 1100
+  8 |     
+ 10 |     
+ 12 |  700
+ 14 |     
+ 16 |     
+ 18 | 1300
+ 20 |     
+ 22 |     
+ 24 |  900
+ 26 |     
+ 28 |     
+    |  500
+(16 rows)
+
+-- LEFT JOIN, with dummy relation on right side, ideally
+-- should produce full partitionwise aggregation plan as GROUP BY is on
+-- non-nullable columns.
+-- But right now we are unable to do partitionwise join in this case.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a.x, b.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x < 20) a LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab2 WHERE y > 10) b ON a.x = b.y WHERE a.x > 5 or b.y < 20  GROUP BY a.x, b.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab1.x, pagg_tab2.y
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab1.x, pagg_tab2.y
+         ->  Hash Left Join
+               Hash Cond: (pagg_tab1.x = pagg_tab2.y)
+               Filter: ((pagg_tab1.x > 5) OR (pagg_tab2.y < 20))
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p1 pagg_tab1_1
+                           Filter: (x < 20)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p2 pagg_tab1_2
+                           Filter: (x < 20)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p2 pagg_tab2_1
+                                 Filter: (y > 10)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p3 pagg_tab2_2
+                                 Filter: (y > 10)
+(18 rows)
+
+SELECT a.x, b.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x < 20) a LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab2 WHERE y > 10) b ON a.x = b.y WHERE a.x > 5 or b.y < 20  GROUP BY a.x, b.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ x  | y  | count 
+----+----+-------
+  6 |    |    10
+  8 |    |    10
+ 10 |    |    10
+ 12 | 12 |   100
+ 14 |    |    10
+ 16 |    |    10
+ 18 | 18 |   100
+(7 rows)
+
+-- FULL JOIN, with dummy relations on both sides, ideally
+-- should produce partial partitionwise aggregation plan as GROUP BY is on
+-- nullable columns.
+-- But right now we are unable to do partitionwise join in this case.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a.x, b.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x < 20) a FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab2 WHERE y > 10) b ON a.x = b.y WHERE a.x > 5 or b.y < 20  GROUP BY a.x, b.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab1.x, pagg_tab2.y
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab1.x, pagg_tab2.y
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (pagg_tab1.x = pagg_tab2.y)
+               Filter: ((pagg_tab1.x > 5) OR (pagg_tab2.y < 20))
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p1 pagg_tab1_1
+                           Filter: (x < 20)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab1_p2 pagg_tab1_2
+                           Filter: (x < 20)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p2 pagg_tab2_1
+                                 Filter: (y > 10)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab2_p3 pagg_tab2_2
+                                 Filter: (y > 10)
+(18 rows)
+
+SELECT a.x, b.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x < 20) a FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab2 WHERE y > 10) b ON a.x = b.y WHERE a.x > 5 or b.y < 20 GROUP BY a.x, b.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ x  | y  | count 
+----+----+-------
+  6 |    |    10
+  8 |    |    10
+ 10 |    |    10
+ 12 | 12 |   100
+ 14 |    |    10
+ 16 |    |    10
+ 18 | 18 |   100
+    | 15 |    10
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Empty join relation because of empty outer side, no partitionwise agg plan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a.x, a.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x = 1 AND x = 2) a LEFT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY a.x, a.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: pagg_tab1.x, pagg_tab1.y
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: pagg_tab1.y
+         ->  Result
+               One-Time Filter: false
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT a.x, a.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x = 1 AND x = 2) a LEFT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY a.x, a.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ x | y | count 
+---+---+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Partition by multiple columns
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_m (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a, ((a+b)/2));
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_m_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_m FOR VALUES FROM (0, 0) TO (12, 12);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_m_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_m FOR VALUES FROM (12, 12) TO (22, 22);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_m_p3 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_m FOR VALUES FROM (22, 22) TO (30, 30);
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab_m SELECT i % 30, i % 40, i % 50 FROM generate_series(0, 2999) i;
+ANALYZE pagg_tab_m;
+-- Partial aggregation as GROUP BY clause does not match with PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY a HAVING avg(c) < 22 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_m.a, (sum(pagg_tab_m.b)), (avg(pagg_tab_m.c))
+   ->  Finalize HashAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_m.a
+         Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_m.c) < '22'::numeric)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_m.a
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_m_p1 pagg_tab_m
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_m_1.a
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_m_p2 pagg_tab_m_1
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_m_2.a
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_m_p3 pagg_tab_m_2
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY a HAVING avg(c) < 22 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ a  | sum  |         avg         | count 
+----+------+---------------------+-------
+  0 | 1500 | 20.0000000000000000 |   100
+  1 | 1600 | 21.0000000000000000 |   100
+ 10 | 1500 | 20.0000000000000000 |   100
+ 11 | 1600 | 21.0000000000000000 |   100
+ 20 | 1500 | 20.0000000000000000 |   100
+ 21 | 1600 | 21.0000000000000000 |   100
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Full aggregation as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY a, (a+b)/2 HAVING sum(b) < 50 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_m.a, (sum(pagg_tab_m.b)), (avg(pagg_tab_m.c))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_m.a, ((pagg_tab_m.a + pagg_tab_m.b) / 2)
+               Filter: (sum(pagg_tab_m.b) < 50)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_m_p1 pagg_tab_m
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_m_1.a, ((pagg_tab_m_1.a + pagg_tab_m_1.b) / 2)
+               Filter: (sum(pagg_tab_m_1.b) < 50)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_m_p2 pagg_tab_m_1
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_m_2.a, ((pagg_tab_m_2.a + pagg_tab_m_2.b) / 2)
+               Filter: (sum(pagg_tab_m_2.b) < 50)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_m_p3 pagg_tab_m_2
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY a, (a+b)/2 HAVING sum(b) < 50 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ a  | sum |         avg         | count 
+----+-----+---------------------+-------
+  0 |   0 | 20.0000000000000000 |    25
+  1 |  25 | 21.0000000000000000 |    25
+ 10 |   0 | 20.0000000000000000 |    25
+ 11 |  25 | 21.0000000000000000 |    25
+ 20 |   0 | 20.0000000000000000 |    25
+ 21 |  25 | 21.0000000000000000 |    25
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Full aggregation as PARTITION KEY is part of GROUP BY clause
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, c, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY (a+b)/2, 2, 1 HAVING sum(b) = 50 AND avg(c) > 25 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                            QUERY PLAN                                            
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_m.a, pagg_tab_m.c, (sum(pagg_tab_m.b))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: ((pagg_tab_m.a + pagg_tab_m.b) / 2), pagg_tab_m.c, pagg_tab_m.a
+               Filter: ((sum(pagg_tab_m.b) = 50) AND (avg(pagg_tab_m.c) > '25'::numeric))
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_m_p1 pagg_tab_m
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: ((pagg_tab_m_1.a + pagg_tab_m_1.b) / 2), pagg_tab_m_1.c, pagg_tab_m_1.a
+               Filter: ((sum(pagg_tab_m_1.b) = 50) AND (avg(pagg_tab_m_1.c) > '25'::numeric))
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_m_p2 pagg_tab_m_1
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: ((pagg_tab_m_2.a + pagg_tab_m_2.b) / 2), pagg_tab_m_2.c, pagg_tab_m_2.a
+               Filter: ((sum(pagg_tab_m_2.b) = 50) AND (avg(pagg_tab_m_2.c) > '25'::numeric))
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_m_p3 pagg_tab_m_2
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT a, c, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY (a+b)/2, 2, 1 HAVING sum(b) = 50 AND avg(c) > 25 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ a  | c  | sum |         avg         | count 
+----+----+-----+---------------------+-------
+  0 | 30 |  50 | 30.0000000000000000 |     5
+  0 | 40 |  50 | 40.0000000000000000 |     5
+ 10 | 30 |  50 | 30.0000000000000000 |     5
+ 10 | 40 |  50 | 40.0000000000000000 |     5
+ 20 | 30 |  50 | 30.0000000000000000 |     5
+ 20 | 40 |  50 | 40.0000000000000000 |     5
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Test with multi-level partitioning scheme
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_ml FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (12);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_ml FOR VALUES FROM (12) TO (20) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p2_s1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_ml_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0001', '0002');
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p2_s2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_ml_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0003');
+-- This level of partitioning has different column positions than the parent
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p3(b int, c text, a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1(c text, a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p3_s2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_ml_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (7) TO (10);
+ALTER TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p3 ATTACH PARTITION pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (7);
+ALTER TABLE pagg_tab_ml ATTACH PARTITION pagg_tab_ml_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab_ml SELECT i % 30, i % 10, to_char(i % 4, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 29999) i;
+ANALYZE pagg_tab_ml;
+-- For Parallel Append
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather TO 2;
+SET parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+-- Full aggregation at level 1 as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+-- for level 1 only. For subpartitions, GROUP BY clause does not match with
+-- PARTITION KEY, but still we do not see a partial aggregation as array_agg()
+-- is not partial agg safe.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), array_agg(distinct c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                      
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.a, (sum(pagg_tab_ml.b)), (array_agg(DISTINCT pagg_tab_ml.c))
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         ->  Parallel Append
+               ->  GroupAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_ml.a
+                     Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml.b) < '3'::numeric)
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.a
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p1 pagg_tab_ml
+               ->  GroupAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_5.a
+                     Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_5.b) < '3'::numeric)
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml_5.a
+                           ->  Append
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1 pagg_tab_ml_5
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s2 pagg_tab_ml_6
+               ->  GroupAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a
+                     Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_2.b) < '3'::numeric)
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a
+                           ->  Append
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s1 pagg_tab_ml_2
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s2 pagg_tab_ml_3
+(27 rows)
+
+SELECT a, sum(b), array_agg(distinct c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ a  | sum  |  array_agg  | count 
+----+------+-------------+-------
+  0 |    0 | {0000,0002} |  1000
+  1 | 1000 | {0001,0003} |  1000
+  2 | 2000 | {0000,0002} |  1000
+ 10 |    0 | {0000,0002} |  1000
+ 11 | 1000 | {0001,0003} |  1000
+ 12 | 2000 | {0000,0002} |  1000
+ 20 |    0 | {0000,0002} |  1000
+ 21 | 1000 | {0001,0003} |  1000
+ 22 | 2000 | {0000,0002} |  1000
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Without ORDER BY clause, to test Gather at top-most path
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), array_agg(distinct c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Gather
+   Workers Planned: 2
+   ->  Parallel Append
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml.a
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml.b) < '3'::numeric)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.a
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p1 pagg_tab_ml
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_5.a
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_5.b) < '3'::numeric)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml_5.a
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1 pagg_tab_ml_5
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s2 pagg_tab_ml_6
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_2.b) < '3'::numeric)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s1 pagg_tab_ml_2
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s2 pagg_tab_ml_3
+(25 rows)
+
+RESET parallel_setup_cost;
+-- Full aggregation at level 1 as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+-- for level 1 only. For subpartitions, GROUP BY clause does not match with
+-- PARTITION KEY, thus we will have a partial aggregation for them.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.a, (sum(pagg_tab_ml.b)), (count(*))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml.a
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml.b) < '3'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p1 pagg_tab_ml
+         ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_2.b) < '3'::numeric)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s1 pagg_tab_ml_2
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_3.a
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s2 pagg_tab_ml_3
+         ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_5.a
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_5.b) < '3'::numeric)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml_5.a
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_5.a
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1 pagg_tab_ml_5
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_6.a
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s2 pagg_tab_ml_6
+(31 rows)
+
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ a  | sum  | count 
+----+------+-------
+  0 |    0 |  1000
+  1 | 1000 |  1000
+  2 | 2000 |  1000
+ 10 |    0 |  1000
+ 11 | 1000 |  1000
+ 12 | 2000 |  1000
+ 20 |    0 |  1000
+ 21 | 1000 |  1000
+ 22 | 2000 |  1000
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Partial aggregation at all levels as GROUP BY clause does not match with
+-- PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT b, sum(a), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY b ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.b, (sum(pagg_tab_ml.a)), (count(*))
+   ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_ml.b
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.b
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                           Group Key: pagg_tab_ml.b
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p1 pagg_tab_ml
+                     ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                           Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_1.b
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s1 pagg_tab_ml_1
+                     ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                           Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.b
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s2 pagg_tab_ml_2
+                     ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                           Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_3.b
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1 pagg_tab_ml_3
+                     ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                           Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_4.b
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s2 pagg_tab_ml_4
+(22 rows)
+
+SELECT b, sum(a), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY b HAVING avg(a) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ b |  sum  | count 
+---+-------+-------
+ 0 | 30000 |  3000
+ 1 | 33000 |  3000
+ 2 | 36000 |  3000
+ 3 | 39000 |  3000
+ 4 | 42000 |  3000
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Full aggregation at all levels as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a, b, c HAVING avg(b) > 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.a, (sum(pagg_tab_ml.b)), (count(*))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml.a, pagg_tab_ml.b, pagg_tab_ml.c
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml.b) > '7'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p1 pagg_tab_ml
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_1.a, pagg_tab_ml_1.b, pagg_tab_ml_1.c
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_1.b) > '7'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s1 pagg_tab_ml_1
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a, pagg_tab_ml_2.b, pagg_tab_ml_2.c
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_2.b) > '7'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s2 pagg_tab_ml_2
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_3.a, pagg_tab_ml_3.b, pagg_tab_ml_3.c
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_3.b) > '7'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1 pagg_tab_ml_3
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_4.a, pagg_tab_ml_4.b, pagg_tab_ml_4.c
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_4.b) > '7'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s2 pagg_tab_ml_4
+(23 rows)
+
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a, b, c HAVING avg(b) > 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ a  | sum  | count 
+----+------+-------
+  8 | 4000 |   500
+  8 | 4000 |   500
+  9 | 4500 |   500
+  9 | 4500 |   500
+ 18 | 4000 |   500
+ 18 | 4000 |   500
+ 19 | 4500 |   500
+ 19 | 4500 |   500
+ 28 | 4000 |   500
+ 28 | 4000 |   500
+ 29 | 4500 |   500
+ 29 | 4500 |   500
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Parallelism within partitionwise aggregates
+SET min_parallel_table_scan_size TO '8kB';
+SET parallel_setup_cost TO 0;
+-- Full aggregation at level 1 as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+-- for level 1 only. For subpartitions, GROUP BY clause does not match with
+-- PARTITION KEY, thus we will have a partial aggregation for them.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                           
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.a, (sum(pagg_tab_ml.b)), (count(*))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml.a
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml.b) < '3'::numeric)
+               ->  Gather Merge
+                     Workers Planned: 2
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.a
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_ml.a
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p1 pagg_tab_ml
+         ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_2.b) < '3'::numeric)
+               ->  Gather Merge
+                     Workers Planned: 2
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a
+                           ->  Parallel Append
+                                 ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                       Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a
+                                       ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s1 pagg_tab_ml_2
+                                 ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                       Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_3.a
+                                       ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s2 pagg_tab_ml_3
+         ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_5.a
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_5.b) < '3'::numeric)
+               ->  Gather Merge
+                     Workers Planned: 2
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml_5.a
+                           ->  Parallel Append
+                                 ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                       Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_5.a
+                                       ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1 pagg_tab_ml_5
+                                 ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                       Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_6.a
+                                       ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s2 pagg_tab_ml_6
+(41 rows)
+
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ a  | sum  | count 
+----+------+-------
+  0 |    0 |  1000
+  1 | 1000 |  1000
+  2 | 2000 |  1000
+ 10 |    0 |  1000
+ 11 | 1000 |  1000
+ 12 | 2000 |  1000
+ 20 |    0 |  1000
+ 21 | 1000 |  1000
+ 22 | 2000 |  1000
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Partial aggregation at all levels as GROUP BY clause does not match with
+-- PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT b, sum(a), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY b ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                        
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.b, (sum(pagg_tab_ml.a)), (count(*))
+   ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_ml.b
+         ->  Gather Merge
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.b
+                     ->  Parallel Append
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_ml.b
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p1 pagg_tab_ml
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_3.b
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1 pagg_tab_ml_3
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_1.b
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s1 pagg_tab_ml_1
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_4.b
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s2 pagg_tab_ml_4
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.b
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s2 pagg_tab_ml_2
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT b, sum(a), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY b HAVING avg(a) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ b |  sum  | count 
+---+-------+-------
+ 0 | 30000 |  3000
+ 1 | 33000 |  3000
+ 2 | 36000 |  3000
+ 3 | 39000 |  3000
+ 4 | 42000 |  3000
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Full aggregation at all levels as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a, b, c HAVING avg(b) > 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Gather Merge
+   Workers Planned: 2
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: pagg_tab_ml.a, (sum(pagg_tab_ml.b)), (count(*))
+         ->  Parallel Append
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_ml.a, pagg_tab_ml.b, pagg_tab_ml.c
+                     Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml.b) > '7'::numeric)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p1 pagg_tab_ml
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_3.a, pagg_tab_ml_3.b, pagg_tab_ml_3.c
+                     Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_3.b) > '7'::numeric)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1 pagg_tab_ml_3
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_1.a, pagg_tab_ml_1.b, pagg_tab_ml_1.c
+                     Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_1.b) > '7'::numeric)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s1 pagg_tab_ml_1
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_4.a, pagg_tab_ml_4.b, pagg_tab_ml_4.c
+                     Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_4.b) > '7'::numeric)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p3_s2 pagg_tab_ml_4
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: pagg_tab_ml_2.a, pagg_tab_ml_2.b, pagg_tab_ml_2.c
+                     Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_ml_2.b) > '7'::numeric)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_ml_p2_s2 pagg_tab_ml_2
+(25 rows)
+
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a, b, c HAVING avg(b) > 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ a  | sum  | count 
+----+------+-------
+  8 | 4000 |   500
+  8 | 4000 |   500
+  9 | 4500 |   500
+  9 | 4500 |   500
+ 18 | 4000 |   500
+ 18 | 4000 |   500
+ 19 | 4500 |   500
+ 19 | 4500 |   500
+ 28 | 4000 |   500
+ 28 | 4000 |   500
+ 29 | 4500 |   500
+ 29 | 4500 |   500
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Parallelism within partitionwise aggregates (single level)
+-- Add few parallel setup cost, so that we will see a plan which gathers
+-- partially created paths even for full aggregation and sticks a single Gather
+-- followed by finalization step.
+-- Without this, the cost of doing partial aggregation + Gather + finalization
+-- for each partition and then Append over it turns out to be same and this
+-- wins as we add it first. This parallel_setup_cost plays a vital role in
+-- costing such plans.
+SET parallel_setup_cost TO 10;
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_para(x int, y int) PARTITION BY RANGE(x);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_para_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_para FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (12);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_para_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_para FOR VALUES FROM (12) TO (22);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_para_p3 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_para FOR VALUES FROM (22) TO (30);
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab_para SELECT i % 30, i % 20 FROM generate_series(0, 29999) i;
+ANALYZE pagg_tab_para;
+-- When GROUP BY clause matches; full aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_para.x, (sum(pagg_tab_para.y)), (avg(pagg_tab_para.y))
+   ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_para.x
+         Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_para.y) < '7'::numeric)
+         ->  Gather Merge
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_para.x
+                     ->  Parallel Append
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_para.x
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p1 pagg_tab_para
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_para_1.x
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p2 pagg_tab_para_1
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_para_2.x
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p3 pagg_tab_para_2
+(19 rows)
+
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ x  | sum  |        avg         | count 
+----+------+--------------------+-------
+  0 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 |  1000
+  1 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 |  1000
+ 10 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 |  1000
+ 11 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 |  1000
+ 20 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 |  1000
+ 21 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 |  1000
+(6 rows)
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause does not match; partial aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT y, sum(x), avg(x), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY y HAVING avg(x) < 12 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_para.y, (sum(pagg_tab_para.x)), (avg(pagg_tab_para.x))
+   ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_para.y
+         Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_para.x) < '12'::numeric)
+         ->  Gather Merge
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_para.y
+                     ->  Parallel Append
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_para.y
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p1 pagg_tab_para
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_para_1.y
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p2 pagg_tab_para_1
+                           ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                                 Group Key: pagg_tab_para_2.y
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p3 pagg_tab_para_2
+(19 rows)
+
+SELECT y, sum(x), avg(x), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY y HAVING avg(x) < 12 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ y  |  sum  |         avg         | count 
+----+-------+---------------------+-------
+  0 | 15000 | 10.0000000000000000 |  1500
+  1 | 16500 | 11.0000000000000000 |  1500
+ 10 | 15000 | 10.0000000000000000 |  1500
+ 11 | 16500 | 11.0000000000000000 |  1500
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Test when parent can produce parallel paths but not any (or some) of its children
+-- (Use one more aggregate to tilt the cost estimates for the plan we want)
+ALTER TABLE pagg_tab_para_p1 SET (parallel_workers = 0);
+ALTER TABLE pagg_tab_para_p3 SET (parallel_workers = 0);
+ANALYZE pagg_tab_para;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), sum(x+y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_para.x, (sum(pagg_tab_para.y)), (avg(pagg_tab_para.y))
+   ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_para.x
+         Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_para.y) < '7'::numeric)
+         ->  Gather Merge
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_para.x
+                     ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                           Group Key: pagg_tab_para.x
+                           ->  Parallel Append
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p1 pagg_tab_para_1
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p3 pagg_tab_para_3
+                                 ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p2 pagg_tab_para_2
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), sum(x+y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ x  | sum  |        avg         |  sum  | count 
+----+------+--------------------+-------+-------
+  0 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 |  5000 |  1000
+  1 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 |  7000 |  1000
+ 10 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 | 15000 |  1000
+ 11 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 | 17000 |  1000
+ 20 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 | 25000 |  1000
+ 21 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 | 27000 |  1000
+(6 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE pagg_tab_para_p2 SET (parallel_workers = 0);
+ANALYZE pagg_tab_para;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), sum(x+y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_para.x, (sum(pagg_tab_para.y)), (avg(pagg_tab_para.y))
+   ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: pagg_tab_para.x
+         Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_para.y) < '7'::numeric)
+         ->  Gather Merge
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: pagg_tab_para.x
+                     ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                           Group Key: pagg_tab_para.x
+                           ->  Parallel Append
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p1 pagg_tab_para_1
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p2 pagg_tab_para_2
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p3 pagg_tab_para_3
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), sum(x+y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ x  | sum  |        avg         |  sum  | count 
+----+------+--------------------+-------+-------
+  0 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 |  5000 |  1000
+  1 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 |  7000 |  1000
+ 10 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 | 15000 |  1000
+ 11 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 | 17000 |  1000
+ 20 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 | 25000 |  1000
+ 21 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 | 27000 |  1000
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Reset parallelism parameters to get partitionwise aggregation plan.
+RESET min_parallel_table_scan_size;
+RESET parallel_setup_cost;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: pagg_tab_para.x, (sum(pagg_tab_para.y)), (avg(pagg_tab_para.y))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_para.x
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_para.y) < '7'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p1 pagg_tab_para
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_para_1.x
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_para_1.y) < '7'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p2 pagg_tab_para_1
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: pagg_tab_para_2.x
+               Filter: (avg(pagg_tab_para_2.y) < '7'::numeric)
+               ->  Seq Scan on pagg_tab_para_p3 pagg_tab_para_2
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ x  | sum  |        avg         | count 
+----+------+--------------------+-------
+  0 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 |  1000
+  1 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 |  1000
+ 10 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 |  1000
+ 11 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 |  1000
+ 20 | 5000 | 5.0000000000000000 |  1000
+ 21 | 6000 | 6.0000000000000000 |  1000
+(6 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/partition_info.out b/src/test/regress/expected/partition_info.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42b6bc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/partition_info.out
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+--
+-- Tests for functions providing information about partitions
+--
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree(NULL);
+ relid | parentrelid | isleaf | level 
+-------+-------------+--------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree(0);
+ relid | parentrelid | isleaf | level 
+-------+-------------+--------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors(NULL);
+ relid 
+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors(0);
+ relid 
+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root(NULL);
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root(0);
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test table partition trees
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test (a int, b int) PARTITION BY range (a);
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test0 PARTITION OF ptif_test
+  FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (0) PARTITION BY list (b);
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test01 PARTITION OF ptif_test0 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test1 PARTITION OF ptif_test
+  FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100) PARTITION BY list (b);
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test11 PARTITION OF ptif_test1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test2 PARTITION OF ptif_test
+  FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+-- This partitioned table should remain with no partitions.
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test3 PARTITION OF ptif_test
+  FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (maxvalue) PARTITION BY list (b);
+-- Test pg_partition_root for tables
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ ptif_test
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test0');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ ptif_test
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test01');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ ptif_test
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test3');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ ptif_test
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test index partition tree
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test_index ON ONLY ptif_test (a);
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test0_index ON ONLY ptif_test0 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test0_index;
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test01_index ON ptif_test01 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test0_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test01_index;
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test1_index ON ONLY ptif_test1 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test1_index;
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test11_index ON ptif_test11 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test1_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test11_index;
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test2_index ON ptif_test2 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test2_index;
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test3_index ON ptif_test3 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test3_index;
+-- Test pg_partition_root for indexes
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test_index');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ ptif_test_index
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test0_index');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ ptif_test_index
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test01_index');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ ptif_test_index
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test3_index');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ ptif_test_index
+(1 row)
+
+-- List all tables members of the tree
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test');
+    relid    | parentrelid | level | isleaf 
+-------------+-------------+-------+--------
+ ptif_test   |             |     0 | f
+ ptif_test0  | ptif_test   |     1 | f
+ ptif_test1  | ptif_test   |     1 | f
+ ptif_test2  | ptif_test   |     1 | t
+ ptif_test3  | ptif_test   |     1 | f
+ ptif_test01 | ptif_test0  |     2 | t
+ ptif_test11 | ptif_test1  |     2 | t
+(7 rows)
+
+-- List tables from an intermediate level
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test0') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+    relid    | parentrelid | level | isleaf 
+-------------+-------------+-------+--------
+ ptif_test0  | ptif_test   |     0 | f
+ ptif_test01 | ptif_test0  |     1 | t
+(2 rows)
+
+-- List from leaf table
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test01') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+    relid    | parentrelid | level | isleaf 
+-------------+-------------+-------+--------
+ ptif_test01 | ptif_test0  |     0 | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- List from partitioned table with no partitions
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test3') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+   relid    | parentrelid | level | isleaf 
+------------+-------------+-------+--------
+ ptif_test3 | ptif_test   |     0 | f
+(1 row)
+
+-- List all ancestors of root and leaf tables
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test01');
+    relid    
+-------------
+ ptif_test01
+ ptif_test0
+ ptif_test
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test');
+   relid   
+-----------
+ ptif_test
+(1 row)
+
+-- List all members using pg_partition_root with leaf table reference
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree(pg_partition_root('ptif_test01')) p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+    relid    | parentrelid | level | isleaf 
+-------------+-------------+-------+--------
+ ptif_test   |             |     0 | f
+ ptif_test0  | ptif_test   |     1 | f
+ ptif_test1  | ptif_test   |     1 | f
+ ptif_test2  | ptif_test   |     1 | t
+ ptif_test3  | ptif_test   |     1 | f
+ ptif_test01 | ptif_test0  |     2 | t
+ ptif_test11 | ptif_test1  |     2 | t
+(7 rows)
+
+-- List all indexes members of the tree
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test_index');
+       relid       |   parentrelid    | level | isleaf 
+-------------------+------------------+-------+--------
+ ptif_test_index   |                  |     0 | f
+ ptif_test0_index  | ptif_test_index  |     1 | f
+ ptif_test1_index  | ptif_test_index  |     1 | f
+ ptif_test2_index  | ptif_test_index  |     1 | t
+ ptif_test3_index  | ptif_test_index  |     1 | f
+ ptif_test01_index | ptif_test0_index |     2 | t
+ ptif_test11_index | ptif_test1_index |     2 | t
+(7 rows)
+
+-- List indexes from an intermediate level
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test0_index') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+       relid       |   parentrelid    | level | isleaf 
+-------------------+------------------+-------+--------
+ ptif_test0_index  | ptif_test_index  |     0 | f
+ ptif_test01_index | ptif_test0_index |     1 | t
+(2 rows)
+
+-- List from leaf index
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test01_index') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+       relid       |   parentrelid    | level | isleaf 
+-------------------+------------------+-------+--------
+ ptif_test01_index | ptif_test0_index |     0 | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- List from partitioned index with no partitions
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test3_index') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+      relid       |   parentrelid   | level | isleaf 
+------------------+-----------------+-------+--------
+ ptif_test3_index | ptif_test_index |     0 | f
+(1 row)
+
+-- List all members using pg_partition_root with leaf index reference
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree(pg_partition_root('ptif_test01_index')) p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+       relid       |   parentrelid    | level | isleaf 
+-------------------+------------------+-------+--------
+ ptif_test_index   |                  |     0 | f
+ ptif_test0_index  | ptif_test_index  |     1 | f
+ ptif_test1_index  | ptif_test_index  |     1 | f
+ ptif_test2_index  | ptif_test_index  |     1 | t
+ ptif_test3_index  | ptif_test_index  |     1 | f
+ ptif_test01_index | ptif_test0_index |     2 | t
+ ptif_test11_index | ptif_test1_index |     2 | t
+(7 rows)
+
+-- List all ancestors of root and leaf indexes
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test01_index');
+       relid       
+-------------------
+ ptif_test01_index
+ ptif_test0_index
+ ptif_test_index
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test_index');
+      relid      
+-----------------
+ ptif_test_index
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE ptif_test;
+-- Table that is not part of any partition tree is not listed.
+CREATE TABLE ptif_normal_table(a int);
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_normal_table');
+ relid | parentrelid | level | isleaf 
+-------+-------------+-------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_normal_table');
+ relid 
+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_normal_table');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE ptif_normal_table;
+-- Various partitioning-related functions return empty/NULL if passed relations
+-- of types that cannot be part of a partition tree; for example, views,
+-- materialized views, legacy inheritance children or parents, etc.
+CREATE VIEW ptif_test_view AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ptif_test_matview AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE TABLE ptif_li_parent ();
+CREATE TABLE ptif_li_child () INHERITS (ptif_li_parent);
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test_view');
+ relid | parentrelid | isleaf | level 
+-------+-------------+--------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test_matview');
+ relid | parentrelid | isleaf | level 
+-------+-------------+--------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_li_parent');
+ relid | parentrelid | isleaf | level 
+-------+-------------+--------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_li_child');
+ relid | parentrelid | isleaf | level 
+-------+-------------+--------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test_view');
+ relid 
+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test_matview');
+ relid 
+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_li_parent');
+ relid 
+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_li_child');
+ relid 
+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test_view');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test_matview');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_li_parent');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_li_child');
+ pg_partition_root 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW ptif_test_view;
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW ptif_test_matview;
+DROP TABLE ptif_li_parent, ptif_li_child;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/partition_join.out b/src/test/regress/expected/partition_join.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb5b7c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/partition_join.out
@@ -0,0 +1,4912 @@
+--
+-- PARTITION_JOIN
+-- Test partitionwise join between partitioned tables
+--
+-- Enable partitionwise join, which by default is disabled.
+SET enable_partitionwise_join to true;
+--
+-- partitioned by a single column
+--
+CREATE TABLE prt1 (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_p1 PARTITION OF prt1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_p3 PARTITION OF prt1 FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_p2 PARTITION OF prt1 FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500);
+INSERT INTO prt1 SELECT i, i % 25, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599) i WHERE i % 2 = 0;
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_p1_a on prt1_p1(a);
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_p2_a on prt1_p2(a);
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_p3_a on prt1_p3(a);
+ANALYZE prt1;
+CREATE TABLE prt2 (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE(b);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_p1 PARTITION OF prt2 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_p2 PARTITION OF prt2 FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_p3 PARTITION OF prt2 FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600);
+INSERT INTO prt2 SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599) i WHERE i % 3 = 0;
+CREATE INDEX iprt2_p1_b on prt2_p1(b);
+CREATE INDEX iprt2_p2_b on prt2_p2(b);
+CREATE INDEX iprt2_p3_b on prt2_p3(b);
+ANALYZE prt2;
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_3.b = t1_3.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+   0 | 0000 |   0 | 0000
+ 150 | 0150 | 150 | 0150
+ 300 | 0300 | 300 | 0300
+ 450 | 0450 | 450 | 0450
+(4 rows)
+
+-- left outer join, with whole-row reference; partitionwise join does not apply
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1, t2 FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Hash Cond: (t2.b = t1.a)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT t1, t2 FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+      t1      |      t2      
+--------------+--------------
+ (0,0,0000)   | (0,0,0000)
+ (50,0,0050)  | 
+ (100,0,0100) | 
+ (150,0,0150) | (0,150,0150)
+ (200,0,0200) | 
+ (250,0,0250) | 
+ (300,0,0300) | (0,300,0300)
+ (350,0,0350) | 
+ (400,0,0400) | 
+ (450,0,0450) | (0,450,0450)
+ (500,0,0500) | 
+ (550,0,0550) | 
+(12 rows)
+
+-- right outer join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_1.a = t2_1.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_2.a = t2_2.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt1_p3_a on prt1_p3 t1_3
+                     Index Cond: (a = t2_3.b)
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+   0 | 0000 |   0 | 0000
+ 150 | 0150 | 150 | 0150
+ 300 | 0300 | 300 | 0300
+ 450 | 0450 | 450 | 0450
+     |      |  75 | 0075
+     |      | 225 | 0225
+     |      | 375 | 0375
+     |      | 525 | 0525
+(8 rows)
+
+-- full outer join, with placeholder vars
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1 WHERE prt1.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 75 phv, * FROM prt2 WHERE prt2.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: prt1.a, prt2.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (prt1_1.a = prt2_1.b)
+               Filter: (((50) = prt1_1.a) OR ((75) = prt2_1.b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 prt1_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 prt2_1
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (prt1_2.a = prt2_2.b)
+               Filter: (((50) = prt1_2.a) OR ((75) = prt2_2.b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 prt1_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 prt2_2
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (prt1_3.a = prt2_3.b)
+               Filter: (((50) = prt1_3.a) OR ((75) = prt2_3.b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 prt1_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 prt2_3
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+(27 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1 WHERE prt1.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 75 phv, * FROM prt2 WHERE prt2.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+ a  |  c   | b  |  c   
+----+------+----+------
+ 50 | 0050 |    | 
+    |      | 75 | 0075
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Join with pruned partitions from joining relations
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.a < 450 AND t2.b > 250 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (t2.b = t1.a)
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2
+               Filter: (b > 250)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1
+                     Filter: ((a < 450) AND (b = 0))
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.a < 450 AND t2.b > 250 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+ 300 | 0300 | 300 | 0300
+(1 row)
+
+-- Currently we can't do partitioned join if nullable-side partitions are pruned
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: prt1.a, prt2.b
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Hash Cond: (prt2.b = prt1.a)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 prt2_1
+                     Filter: (b > 250)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 prt2_2
+                     Filter: (b > 250)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 prt1_1
+                           Filter: ((a < 450) AND (b = 0))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 prt1_2
+                           Filter: ((a < 450) AND (b = 0))
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+   0 | 0000 |     | 
+  50 | 0050 |     | 
+ 100 | 0100 |     | 
+ 150 | 0150 |     | 
+ 200 | 0200 |     | 
+ 250 | 0250 |     | 
+ 300 | 0300 | 300 | 0300
+ 350 | 0350 |     | 
+ 400 | 0400 |     | 
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Currently we can't do partitioned join if nullable-side partitions are pruned
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 OR t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: prt1.a, prt2.b
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: (prt1.a = prt2.b)
+         Filter: ((prt1.b = 0) OR (prt2.a = 0))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 prt1_1
+                     Filter: (a < 450)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 prt1_2
+                     Filter: (a < 450)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 prt2_1
+                           Filter: (b > 250)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 prt2_2
+                           Filter: (b > 250)
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 OR t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+   0 | 0000 |     | 
+  50 | 0050 |     | 
+ 100 | 0100 |     | 
+ 150 | 0150 |     | 
+ 200 | 0200 |     | 
+ 250 | 0250 |     | 
+ 300 | 0300 | 300 | 0300
+ 350 | 0350 |     | 
+ 400 | 0400 |     | 
+     |      | 375 | 0375
+     |      | 450 | 0450
+     |      | 525 | 0525
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Semi-join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t2.b FROM prt2 t2 WHERE t2.a = 0) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Semi Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_1.a = t2_1.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Semi Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_2.a = t2_2.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Nested Loop Semi Join
+               Join Filter: (t1_3.a = t2_3.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Materialize
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t2.b FROM prt2 t2 WHERE t2.a = 0) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+  a  | b |  c   
+-----+---+------
+   0 | 0 | 0000
+ 150 | 0 | 0150
+ 300 | 0 | 0300
+ 450 | 0 | 0450
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Anti-join with aggregates
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT sum(t1.a), avg(t1.a), sum(t1.b), avg(t1.b) FROM prt1 t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b);
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Anti Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_1.a = t2_1.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Hash Anti Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_2.a = t2_2.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Hash Anti Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_3.a = t2_3.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+(17 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(t1.a), avg(t1.a), sum(t1.b), avg(t1.b) FROM prt1 t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b);
+  sum  |         avg          | sum  |         avg         
+-------+----------------------+------+---------------------
+ 60000 | 300.0000000000000000 | 2400 | 12.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- lateral reference
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t3.a AS t3a, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.b) FROM prt1 t2 JOIN prt2 t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b)) ss
+			  ON t1.a = ss.t2a WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Index Only Scan using iprt1_p1_a on prt1_p1 t2_1
+                           Index Cond: (a = t1_1.a)
+                     ->  Index Scan using iprt2_p1_b on prt2_p1 t3_1
+                           Index Cond: (b = t2_1.a)
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Index Only Scan using iprt1_p2_a on prt1_p2 t2_2
+                           Index Cond: (a = t1_2.a)
+                     ->  Index Scan using iprt2_p2_b on prt2_p2 t3_2
+                           Index Cond: (b = t2_2.a)
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Index Only Scan using iprt1_p3_a on prt1_p3 t2_3
+                           Index Cond: (a = t1_3.a)
+                     ->  Index Scan using iprt2_p3_b on prt2_p3 t3_3
+                           Index Cond: (b = t2_3.a)
+(27 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t3.a AS t3a, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.b) FROM prt1 t2 JOIN prt2 t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b)) ss
+			  ON t1.a = ss.t2a WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+  a  | b |  c   | t2a | t3a | least 
+-----+---+------+-----+-----+-------
+   0 | 0 | 0000 |   0 |   0 |     0
+  50 | 0 | 0050 |     |     |      
+ 100 | 0 | 0100 |     |     |      
+ 150 | 0 | 0150 | 150 |   0 |   150
+ 200 | 0 | 0200 |     |     |      
+ 250 | 0 | 0250 |     |     |      
+ 300 | 0 | 0300 | 300 |   0 |   300
+ 350 | 0 | 0350 |     |     |      
+ 400 | 0 | 0400 |     |     |      
+ 450 | 0 | 0450 | 450 |   0 |   450
+ 500 | 0 | 0500 |     |     |      
+ 550 | 0 | 0550 |     |     |      
+(12 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, ss.t2a, ss.t2c FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t3.a AS t3a, t2.b t2b, t2.c t2c, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.b) FROM prt1 t2 JOIN prt2 t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b)) ss
+			  ON t1.c = ss.t2c WHERE (t1.b + coalesce(ss.t2b, 0)) = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Left Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t1.c)::text = (t2.c)::text)
+         Filter: ((t1.b + COALESCE(t2.b, 0)) = 0)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t2_1.a = t3_1.b)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t2_1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t3_1
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t2_2.a = t3_2.b)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t2_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t3_2
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t2_3.a = t3_3.b)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t2_3
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t3_3
+(26 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, ss.t2a, ss.t2c FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t3.a AS t3a, t2.b t2b, t2.c t2c, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.a) FROM prt1 t2 JOIN prt2 t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b)) ss
+			  ON t1.c = ss.t2c WHERE (t1.b + coalesce(ss.t2b, 0)) = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+  a  | t2a | t2c  
+-----+-----+------
+   0 |   0 | 0000
+  50 |     | 
+ 100 |     | 
+ 150 | 150 | 0150
+ 200 |     | 
+ 250 |     | 
+ 300 | 300 | 0300
+ 350 |     | 
+ 400 |     | 
+ 450 | 450 | 0450
+ 500 |     | 
+ 550 |     | 
+(12 rows)
+
+-- bug with inadequate sort key representation
+SET enable_partitionwise_aggregate TO true;
+SET enable_hashjoin TO false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, b FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510
+  GROUP BY 1, 2 ORDER BY 1, 2;
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Group
+   Group Key: (COALESCE(prt1.a, p2.a)), (COALESCE(prt1.b, p2.b))
+   ->  Merge Append
+         Sort Key: (COALESCE(prt1.a, p2.a)), (COALESCE(prt1.b, p2.b))
+         ->  Group
+               Group Key: (COALESCE(prt1.a, p2.a)), (COALESCE(prt1.b, p2.b))
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: (COALESCE(prt1.a, p2.a)), (COALESCE(prt1.b, p2.b))
+                     ->  Merge Full Join
+                           Merge Cond: ((prt1.a = p2.a) AND (prt1.b = p2.b))
+                           Filter: ((COALESCE(prt1.a, p2.a) >= 490) AND (COALESCE(prt1.a, p2.a) <= 510))
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: prt1.a, prt1.b
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 prt1
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: p2.a, p2.b
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 p2
+         ->  Group
+               Group Key: (COALESCE(prt1_1.a, p2_1.a)), (COALESCE(prt1_1.b, p2_1.b))
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: (COALESCE(prt1_1.a, p2_1.a)), (COALESCE(prt1_1.b, p2_1.b))
+                     ->  Merge Full Join
+                           Merge Cond: ((prt1_1.a = p2_1.a) AND (prt1_1.b = p2_1.b))
+                           Filter: ((COALESCE(prt1_1.a, p2_1.a) >= 490) AND (COALESCE(prt1_1.a, p2_1.a) <= 510))
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: prt1_1.a, prt1_1.b
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 prt1_1
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: p2_1.a, p2_1.b
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 p2_1
+         ->  Group
+               Group Key: (COALESCE(prt1_2.a, p2_2.a)), (COALESCE(prt1_2.b, p2_2.b))
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: (COALESCE(prt1_2.a, p2_2.a)), (COALESCE(prt1_2.b, p2_2.b))
+                     ->  Merge Full Join
+                           Merge Cond: ((prt1_2.a = p2_2.a) AND (prt1_2.b = p2_2.b))
+                           Filter: ((COALESCE(prt1_2.a, p2_2.a) >= 490) AND (COALESCE(prt1_2.a, p2_2.a) <= 510))
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: prt1_2.a, prt1_2.b
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 prt1_2
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: p2_2.a, p2_2.b
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 p2_2
+(43 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510
+  GROUP BY 1, 2 ORDER BY 1, 2;
+  a  | b  
+-----+----
+ 490 | 15
+ 492 | 17
+ 494 | 19
+ 495 | 20
+ 496 | 21
+ 498 | 23
+ 500 |  0
+ 501 |  1
+ 502 |  2
+ 504 |  4
+ 506 |  6
+ 507 |  7
+ 508 |  8
+ 510 | 10
+(14 rows)
+
+RESET enable_partitionwise_aggregate;
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+--
+-- partitioned by expression
+--
+CREATE TABLE prt1_e (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE(((a + b)/2));
+CREATE TABLE prt1_e_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_e FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_e_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_e FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_e_p3 PARTITION OF prt1_e FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600);
+INSERT INTO prt1_e SELECT i, i, i % 25 FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_e_p1_ab2 on prt1_e_p1(((a+b)/2));
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_e_p2_ab2 on prt1_e_p2(((a+b)/2));
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_e_p3_ab2 on prt1_e_p3(((a+b)/2));
+ANALYZE prt1_e;
+CREATE TABLE prt2_e (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE(((b + a)/2));
+CREATE TABLE prt2_e_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_e FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_e_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_e FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_e_p3 PARTITION OF prt2_e FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600);
+INSERT INTO prt2_e SELECT i, i, i % 25 FROM generate_series(0, 599, 3) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_e;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_e t1, prt2_e t2 WHERE (t1.a + t1.b)/2 = (t2.b + t2.a)/2 AND t1.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (((t2_1.b + t2_1.a) / 2) = ((t1_1.a + t1_1.b) / 2))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_e_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (((t2_2.b + t2_2.a) / 2) = ((t1_2.a + t1_2.b) / 2))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_e_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (((t2_3.b + t2_3.a) / 2) = ((t1_3.a + t1_3.b) / 2))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_e_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_e t1, prt2_e t2 WHERE (t1.a + t1.b)/2 = (t2.b + t2.a)/2 AND t1.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  | c |  b  | c 
+-----+---+-----+---
+   0 | 0 |   0 | 0
+ 150 | 0 | 150 | 0
+ 300 | 0 | 300 | 0
+ 450 | 0 | 450 | 0
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- N-way join
+--
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2, prt1_e t3 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Join Filter: (t1_1.a = ((t3_1.a + t3_1.b) / 2))
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_1.a)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+                                 Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt1_e_p1_ab2 on prt1_e_p1 t3_1
+                     Index Cond: (((a + b) / 2) = t2_1.b)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Join Filter: (t1_2.a = ((t3_2.a + t3_2.b) / 2))
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_2.a)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+                                 Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt1_e_p2_ab2 on prt1_e_p2 t3_2
+                     Index Cond: (((a + b) / 2) = t2_2.b)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Join Filter: (t1_3.a = ((t3_3.a + t3_3.b) / 2))
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t2_3.b = t1_3.a)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+                                 Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt1_e_p3_ab2 on prt1_e_p3 t3_3
+                     Index Cond: (((a + b) / 2) = t2_3.b)
+(33 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2, prt1_e t3 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   | ?column? | c 
+-----+------+-----+------+----------+---
+   0 | 0000 |   0 | 0000 |        0 | 0
+ 150 | 0150 | 150 | 0150 |      300 | 0
+ 300 | 0300 | 300 | 0300 |      600 | 0
+ 450 | 0450 | 450 | 0450 |      900 | 0
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) LEFT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b, ((t3.a + t3.b))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (((t3_1.a + t3_1.b) / 2) = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p1 t3_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_1.a)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+                                       Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (((t3_2.a + t3_2.b) / 2) = t1_2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p2 t3_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_2.a)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+                                       Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (((t3_3.a + t3_3.b) / 2) = t1_3.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p3 t3_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t2_3.b = t1_3.a)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+                                       Filter: (b = 0)
+(33 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) LEFT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   | ?column? | c 
+-----+------+-----+------+----------+---
+   0 | 0000 |   0 | 0000 |        0 | 0
+  50 | 0050 |     |      |      100 | 0
+ 100 | 0100 |     |      |      200 | 0
+ 150 | 0150 | 150 | 0150 |      300 | 0
+ 200 | 0200 |     |      |      400 | 0
+ 250 | 0250 |     |      |      500 | 0
+ 300 | 0300 | 300 | 0300 |      600 | 0
+ 350 | 0350 |     |      |      700 | 0
+ 400 | 0400 |     |      |      800 | 0
+ 450 | 0450 | 450 | 0450 |      900 | 0
+ 500 | 0500 |     |      |     1000 | 0
+ 550 | 0550 |     |      |     1100 | 0
+(12 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) RIGHT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t3.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b, ((t3.a + t3.b))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Hash Right Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_1.a = ((t3_1.a + t3_1.b) / 2))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p1 t3_1
+                                 Filter: (c = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt2_p1_b on prt2_p1 t2_1
+                     Index Cond: (b = t1_1.a)
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Hash Right Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_2.a = ((t3_2.a + t3_2.b) / 2))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p2 t3_2
+                                 Filter: (c = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt2_p2_b on prt2_p2 t2_2
+                     Index Cond: (b = t1_2.a)
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Hash Right Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_3.a = ((t3_3.a + t3_3.b) / 2))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p3 t3_3
+                                 Filter: (c = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt2_p3_b on prt2_p3 t2_3
+                     Index Cond: (b = t1_3.a)
+(30 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) RIGHT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t3.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   | ?column? | c 
+-----+------+-----+------+----------+---
+   0 | 0000 |   0 | 0000 |        0 | 0
+  50 | 0050 |     |      |      100 | 0
+ 100 | 0100 |     |      |      200 | 0
+ 150 | 0150 | 150 | 0150 |      300 | 0
+ 200 | 0200 |     |      |      400 | 0
+ 250 | 0250 |     |      |      500 | 0
+ 300 | 0300 | 300 | 0300 |      600 | 0
+ 350 | 0350 |     |      |      700 | 0
+ 400 | 0400 |     |      |      800 | 0
+ 450 | 0450 | 450 | 0450 |      900 | 0
+ 500 | 0500 |     |      |     1000 | 0
+ 550 | 0550 |     |      |     1100 | 0
+(12 rows)
+
+--
+-- 3-way full join
+--
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b) FULL JOIN prt2 p3(b,a,c) USING (a, b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510;
+                                                               QUERY PLAN                                                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((COALESCE(prt1_1.a, p2_1.a) = p3_1.a) AND (COALESCE(prt1_1.b, p2_1.b) = p3_1.b))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_1.a, p2_1.a), p3_1.a) >= 490) AND (COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_1.a, p2_1.a), p3_1.a) <= 510))
+               ->  Hash Full Join
+                     Hash Cond: ((prt1_1.a = p2_1.a) AND (prt1_1.b = p2_1.b))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 prt1_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 p2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 p3_1
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((COALESCE(prt1_2.a, p2_2.a) = p3_2.a) AND (COALESCE(prt1_2.b, p2_2.b) = p3_2.b))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_2.a, p2_2.a), p3_2.a) >= 490) AND (COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_2.a, p2_2.a), p3_2.a) <= 510))
+               ->  Hash Full Join
+                     Hash Cond: ((prt1_2.a = p2_2.a) AND (prt1_2.b = p2_2.b))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 prt1_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 p2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 p3_2
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((COALESCE(prt1_3.a, p2_3.a) = p3_3.a) AND (COALESCE(prt1_3.b, p2_3.b) = p3_3.b))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_3.a, p2_3.a), p3_3.a) >= 490) AND (COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_3.a, p2_3.a), p3_3.a) <= 510))
+               ->  Hash Full Join
+                     Hash Cond: ((prt1_3.a = p2_3.a) AND (prt1_3.b = p2_3.b))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 prt1_3
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 p2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 p3_3
+(32 rows)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b) FULL JOIN prt2 p3(b,a,c) USING (a, b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510;
+ count 
+-------
+    14
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- 4-way full join
+--
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b) FULL JOIN prt2 p3(b,a,c) USING (a, b) FULL JOIN prt1 p4 (a,b,c) USING (a, b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510;
+                                                                                 QUERY PLAN                                                                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_1.a, p2_1.a), p3_1.a) = p4_1.a) AND (COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_1.b, p2_1.b), p3_1.b) = p4_1.b))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_1.a, p2_1.a), p3_1.a), p4_1.a) >= 490) AND (COALESCE(COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_1.a, p2_1.a), p3_1.a), p4_1.a) <= 510))
+               ->  Hash Full Join
+                     Hash Cond: ((COALESCE(prt1_1.a, p2_1.a) = p3_1.a) AND (COALESCE(prt1_1.b, p2_1.b) = p3_1.b))
+                     ->  Hash Full Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((prt1_1.a = p2_1.a) AND (prt1_1.b = p2_1.b))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 prt1_1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 p2_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 p3_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 p4_1
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_2.a, p2_2.a), p3_2.a) = p4_2.a) AND (COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_2.b, p2_2.b), p3_2.b) = p4_2.b))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_2.a, p2_2.a), p3_2.a), p4_2.a) >= 490) AND (COALESCE(COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_2.a, p2_2.a), p3_2.a), p4_2.a) <= 510))
+               ->  Hash Full Join
+                     Hash Cond: ((COALESCE(prt1_2.a, p2_2.a) = p3_2.a) AND (COALESCE(prt1_2.b, p2_2.b) = p3_2.b))
+                     ->  Hash Full Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((prt1_2.a = p2_2.a) AND (prt1_2.b = p2_2.b))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 prt1_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 p2_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 p3_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 p4_2
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_3.a, p2_3.a), p3_3.a) = p4_3.a) AND (COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_3.b, p2_3.b), p3_3.b) = p4_3.b))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_3.a, p2_3.a), p3_3.a), p4_3.a) >= 490) AND (COALESCE(COALESCE(COALESCE(prt1_3.a, p2_3.a), p3_3.a), p4_3.a) <= 510))
+               ->  Hash Full Join
+                     Hash Cond: ((COALESCE(prt1_3.a, p2_3.a) = p3_3.a) AND (COALESCE(prt1_3.b, p2_3.b) = p3_3.b))
+                     ->  Hash Full Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((prt1_3.a = p2_3.a) AND (prt1_3.b = p2_3.b))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 prt1_3
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 p2_3
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 p3_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 p4_3
+(44 rows)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b) FULL JOIN prt2 p3(b,a,c) USING (a, b) FULL JOIN prt1 p4 (a,b,c) USING (a, b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510;
+ count 
+-------
+    14
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cases with non-nullable expressions in subquery results;
+-- make sure these go to null as expected
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.phv, t2.b, t2.phv, t3.a + t3.b, t3.phv FROM ((SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1 WHERE prt1.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 75 phv, * FROM prt2 WHERE prt2.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b)) FULL JOIN (SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1_e WHERE prt1_e.c = 0) t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t1.a = t1.phv OR t2.b = t2.phv OR (t3.a + t3.b)/2 = t3.phv ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+                                                 QUERY PLAN                                                 
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: prt1.a, prt2.b, ((prt1_e.a + prt1_e.b))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (prt1_1.a = ((prt1_e_1.a + prt1_e_1.b) / 2))
+               Filter: ((prt1_1.a = (50)) OR (prt2_1.b = (75)) OR (((prt1_e_1.a + prt1_e_1.b) / 2) = (50)))
+               ->  Hash Full Join
+                     Hash Cond: (prt1_1.a = prt2_1.b)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 prt1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 prt2_1
+                                 Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p1 prt1_e_1
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (prt1_2.a = ((prt1_e_2.a + prt1_e_2.b) / 2))
+               Filter: ((prt1_2.a = (50)) OR (prt2_2.b = (75)) OR (((prt1_e_2.a + prt1_e_2.b) / 2) = (50)))
+               ->  Hash Full Join
+                     Hash Cond: (prt1_2.a = prt2_2.b)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 prt1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 prt2_2
+                                 Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p2 prt1_e_2
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (prt1_3.a = ((prt1_e_3.a + prt1_e_3.b) / 2))
+               Filter: ((prt1_3.a = (50)) OR (prt2_3.b = (75)) OR (((prt1_e_3.a + prt1_e_3.b) / 2) = (50)))
+               ->  Hash Full Join
+                     Hash Cond: (prt1_3.a = prt2_3.b)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 prt1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 prt2_3
+                                 Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p3 prt1_e_3
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+(42 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.phv, t2.b, t2.phv, t3.a + t3.b, t3.phv FROM ((SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1 WHERE prt1.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 75 phv, * FROM prt2 WHERE prt2.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b)) FULL JOIN (SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1_e WHERE prt1_e.c = 0) t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t1.a = t1.phv OR t2.b = t2.phv OR (t3.a + t3.b)/2 = t3.phv ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+ a  | phv | b  | phv | ?column? | phv 
+----+-----+----+-----+----------+-----
+ 50 |  50 |    |     |      100 |  50
+    |     | 75 |  75 |          |    
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Semi-join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1, prt1_e t2 WHERE t1.a = 0 AND t1.b = (t2.a + t2.b)/2) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Join Filter: (t1_2.a = t1_5.b)
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: t1_5.b
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: (((t2_1.a + t2_1.b) / 2) = t1_5.b)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p1 t2_1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t1_5
+                                       Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt1_p1_a on prt1_p1 t1_2
+                     Index Cond: (a = ((t2_1.a + t2_1.b) / 2))
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Join Filter: (t1_3.a = t1_6.b)
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: t1_6.b
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: (((t2_2.a + t2_2.b) / 2) = t1_6.b)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p2 t2_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t1_6
+                                       Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt1_p2_a on prt1_p2 t1_3
+                     Index Cond: (a = ((t2_2.a + t2_2.b) / 2))
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Join Filter: (t1_4.a = t1_7.b)
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: t1_7.b
+                     ->  Nested Loop
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t1_7
+                                 Filter: (a = 0)
+                           ->  Index Scan using iprt1_e_p3_ab2 on prt1_e_p3 t2_3
+                                 Index Cond: (((a + b) / 2) = t1_7.b)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt1_p3_a on prt1_p3 t1_4
+                     Index Cond: (a = ((t2_3.a + t2_3.b) / 2))
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+(41 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1, prt1_e t2 WHERE t1.a = 0 AND t1.b = (t2.a + t2.b)/2) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+  a  | b |  c   
+-----+---+------
+   0 | 0 | 0000
+ 150 | 0 | 0150
+ 300 | 0 | 0300
+ 450 | 0 | 0450
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1 WHERE t1.b IN (SELECT (t1.a + t1.b)/2 FROM prt1_e t1 WHERE t1.c = 0)) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: t1_6.b
+                     ->  Hash Semi Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t1_6.b = ((t1_9.a + t1_9.b) / 2))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t1_6
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p1 t1_9
+                                       Filter: (c = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt1_p1_a on prt1_p1 t1_3
+                     Index Cond: (a = t1_6.b)
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: t1_7.b
+                     ->  Hash Semi Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t1_7.b = ((t1_10.a + t1_10.b) / 2))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t1_7
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p2 t1_10
+                                       Filter: (c = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt1_p2_a on prt1_p2 t1_4
+                     Index Cond: (a = t1_7.b)
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: t1_8.b
+                     ->  Hash Semi Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t1_8.b = ((t1_11.a + t1_11.b) / 2))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t1_8
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p3 t1_11
+                                       Filter: (c = 0)
+               ->  Index Scan using iprt1_p3_a on prt1_p3 t1_5
+                     Index Cond: (a = t1_8.b)
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+(39 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1 WHERE t1.b IN (SELECT (t1.a + t1.b)/2 FROM prt1_e t1 WHERE t1.c = 0)) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+  a  | b |  c   
+-----+---+------
+   0 | 0 | 0000
+ 150 | 0 | 0150
+ 300 | 0 | 0300
+ 450 | 0 | 0450
+(4 rows)
+
+-- test merge joins
+SET enable_hashjoin TO off;
+SET enable_nestloop TO off;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1 WHERE t1.b IN (SELECT (t1.a + t1.b)/2 FROM prt1_e t1 WHERE t1.c = 0)) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Merge Semi Join
+         Merge Cond: (t1_3.a = t1_6.b)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t1_3.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Merge Semi Join
+               Merge Cond: (t1_6.b = (((t1_9.a + t1_9.b) / 2)))
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: t1_6.b
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t1_6
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: (((t1_9.a + t1_9.b) / 2))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p1 t1_9
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+   ->  Merge Semi Join
+         Merge Cond: (t1_4.a = t1_7.b)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t1_4.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_4
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Merge Semi Join
+               Merge Cond: (t1_7.b = (((t1_10.a + t1_10.b) / 2)))
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: t1_7.b
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t1_7
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: (((t1_10.a + t1_10.b) / 2))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p2 t1_10
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+   ->  Merge Semi Join
+         Merge Cond: (t1_5.a = t1_8.b)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t1_5.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_5
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Merge Semi Join
+               Merge Cond: (t1_8.b = (((t1_11.a + t1_11.b) / 2)))
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: t1_8.b
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t1_8
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: (((t1_11.a + t1_11.b) / 2))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p3 t1_11
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+(47 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1 WHERE t1.b IN (SELECT (t1.a + t1.b)/2 FROM prt1_e t1 WHERE t1.c = 0)) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+  a  | b |  c   
+-----+---+------
+   0 | 0 | 0000
+ 150 | 0 | 0150
+ 300 | 0 | 0300
+ 450 | 0 | 0450
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) RIGHT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t3.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b, ((t3.a + t3.b))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Merge Left Join
+               Merge Cond: (t1_1.a = t2_1.b)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: t1_1.a
+                     ->  Merge Left Join
+                           Merge Cond: ((((t3_1.a + t3_1.b) / 2)) = t1_1.a)
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: (((t3_1.a + t3_1.b) / 2))
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p1 t3_1
+                                       Filter: (c = 0)
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: t1_1.a
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: t2_1.b
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Merge Left Join
+               Merge Cond: (t1_2.a = t2_2.b)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: t1_2.a
+                     ->  Merge Left Join
+                           Merge Cond: ((((t3_2.a + t3_2.b) / 2)) = t1_2.a)
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: (((t3_2.a + t3_2.b) / 2))
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p2 t3_2
+                                       Filter: (c = 0)
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: t1_2.a
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: t2_2.b
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Merge Left Join
+               Merge Cond: (t1_3.a = t2_3.b)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: t1_3.a
+                     ->  Merge Left Join
+                           Merge Cond: ((((t3_3.a + t3_3.b) / 2)) = t1_3.a)
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: (((t3_3.a + t3_3.b) / 2))
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_e_p3 t3_3
+                                       Filter: (c = 0)
+                           ->  Sort
+                                 Sort Key: t1_3.a
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: t2_3.b
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+(51 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) RIGHT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t3.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   | ?column? | c 
+-----+------+-----+------+----------+---
+   0 | 0000 |   0 | 0000 |        0 | 0
+  50 | 0050 |     |      |      100 | 0
+ 100 | 0100 |     |      |      200 | 0
+ 150 | 0150 | 150 | 0150 |      300 | 0
+ 200 | 0200 |     |      |      400 | 0
+ 250 | 0250 |     |      |      500 | 0
+ 300 | 0300 | 300 | 0300 |      600 | 0
+ 350 | 0350 |     |      |      700 | 0
+ 400 | 0400 |     |      |      800 | 0
+ 450 | 0450 | 450 | 0450 |      900 | 0
+ 500 | 0500 |     |      |     1000 | 0
+ 550 | 0550 |     |      |     1100 | 0
+(12 rows)
+
+-- MergeAppend on nullable column
+-- This should generate a partitionwise join, but currently fails to
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t2.b FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: prt1.a, prt2.b
+   ->  Merge Left Join
+         Merge Cond: (prt1.a = prt2.b)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: prt1.a
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 prt1_1
+                           Filter: ((a < 450) AND (b = 0))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 prt1_2
+                           Filter: ((a < 450) AND (b = 0))
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: prt2.b
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 prt2_1
+                           Filter: (b > 250)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 prt2_2
+                           Filter: (b > 250)
+(18 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t2.b FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  b  
+-----+-----
+   0 |    
+  50 |    
+ 100 |    
+ 150 |    
+ 200 |    
+ 250 |    
+ 300 | 300
+ 350 |    
+ 400 |    
+(9 rows)
+
+-- merge join when expression with whole-row reference needs to be sorted;
+-- partitionwise join does not apply
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t2.b FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1::text = t2::text AND t1.a = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a;
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Join
+   Merge Cond: ((t1.a = t2.b) AND (((((t1.*)::prt1))::text) = ((((t2.*)::prt2))::text)))
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: t1.a, ((((t1.*)::prt1))::text)
+         ->  Result
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: t2.b, ((((t2.*)::prt2))::text)
+         ->  Result
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t2.b FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1::text = t2::text AND t1.a = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  0 |  0
+  6 |  6
+ 12 | 12
+ 18 | 18
+ 24 | 24
+(5 rows)
+
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+RESET enable_nestloop;
+--
+-- partitioned by multiple columns
+--
+CREATE TABLE prt1_m (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a, ((a + b)/2));
+CREATE TABLE prt1_m_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_m FOR VALUES FROM (0, 0) TO (250, 250);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_m_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_m FOR VALUES FROM (250, 250) TO (500, 500);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_m_p3 PARTITION OF prt1_m FOR VALUES FROM (500, 500) TO (600, 600);
+INSERT INTO prt1_m SELECT i, i, i % 25 FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt1_m;
+CREATE TABLE prt2_m (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE(((b + a)/2), b);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_m_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_m FOR VALUES FROM (0, 0) TO (250, 250);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_m_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_m FOR VALUES FROM (250, 250) TO (500, 500);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_m_p3 PARTITION OF prt2_m FOR VALUES FROM (500, 500) TO (600, 600);
+INSERT INTO prt2_m SELECT i, i, i % 25 FROM generate_series(0, 599, 3) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_m;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1_m WHERE prt1_m.c = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2_m WHERE prt2_m.c = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = (t2.b + t2.a)/2 AND t2.b = (t1.a + t1.b)/2) ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                                                          QUERY PLAN                                                          
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: prt1_m.a, prt2_m.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((prt1_m_1.a = ((prt2_m_1.b + prt2_m_1.a) / 2)) AND (((prt1_m_1.a + prt1_m_1.b) / 2) = prt2_m_1.b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p1 prt1_m_1
+                     Filter: (c = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p1 prt2_m_1
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((prt1_m_2.a = ((prt2_m_2.b + prt2_m_2.a) / 2)) AND (((prt1_m_2.a + prt1_m_2.b) / 2) = prt2_m_2.b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p2 prt1_m_2
+                     Filter: (c = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p2 prt2_m_2
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((prt1_m_3.a = ((prt2_m_3.b + prt2_m_3.a) / 2)) AND (((prt1_m_3.a + prt1_m_3.b) / 2) = prt2_m_3.b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p3 prt1_m_3
+                     Filter: (c = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p3 prt2_m_3
+                           Filter: (c = 0)
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1_m WHERE prt1_m.c = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2_m WHERE prt2_m.c = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = (t2.b + t2.a)/2 AND t2.b = (t1.a + t1.b)/2) ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  | c |  b  | c 
+-----+---+-----+---
+   0 | 0 |   0 | 0
+  50 | 0 |     |  
+ 100 | 0 |     |  
+ 150 | 0 | 150 | 0
+ 200 | 0 |     |  
+ 250 | 0 |     |  
+ 300 | 0 | 300 | 0
+ 350 | 0 |     |  
+ 400 | 0 |     |  
+ 450 | 0 | 450 | 0
+ 500 | 0 |     |  
+ 550 | 0 |     |  
+     |   |  75 | 0
+     |   | 225 | 0
+     |   | 375 | 0
+     |   | 525 | 0
+(16 rows)
+
+--
+-- tests for list partitioned tables.
+--
+CREATE TABLE plt1 (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST(c);
+CREATE TABLE plt1_p1 PARTITION OF plt1 FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0003', '0004', '0010');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_p2 PARTITION OF plt1 FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0005', '0002', '0009');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_p3 PARTITION OF plt1 FOR VALUES IN ('0006', '0007', '0008', '0011');
+INSERT INTO plt1 SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE plt1;
+CREATE TABLE plt2 (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST(c);
+CREATE TABLE plt2_p1 PARTITION OF plt2 FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0003', '0004', '0010');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_p2 PARTITION OF plt2 FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0005', '0002', '0009');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_p3 PARTITION OF plt2 FOR VALUES IN ('0006', '0007', '0008', '0011');
+INSERT INTO plt2 SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 3) i;
+ANALYZE plt2;
+--
+-- list partitioned by expression
+--
+CREATE TABLE plt1_e (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST(ltrim(c, 'A'));
+CREATE TABLE plt1_e_p1 PARTITION OF plt1_e FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0003', '0004', '0010');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_e_p2 PARTITION OF plt1_e FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0005', '0002', '0009');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_e_p3 PARTITION OF plt1_e FOR VALUES IN ('0006', '0007', '0008', '0011');
+INSERT INTO plt1_e SELECT i, i, 'A' || to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE plt1_e;
+-- test partition matching with N-way join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT avg(t1.a), avg(t2.b), avg(t3.a + t3.b), t1.c, t2.c, t3.c FROM plt1 t1, plt2 t2, plt1_e t3 WHERE t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c AND ltrim(t3.c, 'A') = t1.c GROUP BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c ORDER BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: t1.c, t2.c, t3.c
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: t1.c, t3.c
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_1.c = ltrim(t3_1.c, 'A'::text))
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((t1_1.b = t2_1.b) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt1_p1 t1_1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on plt2_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt1_e_p1 t3_1
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_2.c = ltrim(t3_2.c, 'A'::text))
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((t1_2.b = t2_2.b) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt1_p2 t1_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on plt2_p2 t2_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt1_e_p2 t3_2
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_3.c = ltrim(t3_3.c, 'A'::text))
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((t1_3.b = t2_3.b) AND (t1_3.c = t2_3.c))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt1_p3 t1_3
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on plt2_p3 t2_3
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt1_e_p3 t3_3
+(32 rows)
+
+SELECT avg(t1.a), avg(t2.b), avg(t3.a + t3.b), t1.c, t2.c, t3.c FROM plt1 t1, plt2 t2, plt1_e t3 WHERE t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c AND ltrim(t3.c, 'A') = t1.c GROUP BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c ORDER BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c;
+         avg          |         avg          |          avg          |  c   |  c   |   c   
+----------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+------+------+-------
+  24.0000000000000000 |  24.0000000000000000 |   48.0000000000000000 | 0000 | 0000 | A0000
+  75.0000000000000000 |  75.0000000000000000 |  148.0000000000000000 | 0001 | 0001 | A0001
+ 123.0000000000000000 | 123.0000000000000000 |  248.0000000000000000 | 0002 | 0002 | A0002
+ 174.0000000000000000 | 174.0000000000000000 |  348.0000000000000000 | 0003 | 0003 | A0003
+ 225.0000000000000000 | 225.0000000000000000 |  448.0000000000000000 | 0004 | 0004 | A0004
+ 273.0000000000000000 | 273.0000000000000000 |  548.0000000000000000 | 0005 | 0005 | A0005
+ 324.0000000000000000 | 324.0000000000000000 |  648.0000000000000000 | 0006 | 0006 | A0006
+ 375.0000000000000000 | 375.0000000000000000 |  748.0000000000000000 | 0007 | 0007 | A0007
+ 423.0000000000000000 | 423.0000000000000000 |  848.0000000000000000 | 0008 | 0008 | A0008
+ 474.0000000000000000 | 474.0000000000000000 |  948.0000000000000000 | 0009 | 0009 | A0009
+ 525.0000000000000000 | 525.0000000000000000 | 1048.0000000000000000 | 0010 | 0010 | A0010
+ 573.0000000000000000 | 573.0000000000000000 | 1148.0000000000000000 | 0011 | 0011 | A0011
+(12 rows)
+
+-- joins where one of the relations is proven empty
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.a = 1 AND t1.a = 2;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a = 1 AND a = 2) t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a = 1 AND a = 2) t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b, prt1 t3 WHERE t2.b = t3.a;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Left Join
+   Hash Cond: (t2.b = a)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t3_1.a = t2_1.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t3_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t3_2.a = t2_2.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t3_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t3_3.a = t2_3.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t3_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Result
+               One-Time Filter: false
+(21 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a = 1 AND a = 2) t1 FULL JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: a, t2.b
+   ->  Hash Left Join
+         Hash Cond: (t2.b = a)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Result
+                     One-Time Filter: false
+(14 rows)
+
+--
+-- tests for hash partitioned tables.
+--
+CREATE TABLE pht1 (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY HASH(c);
+CREATE TABLE pht1_p1 PARTITION OF pht1 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE pht1_p2 PARTITION OF pht1 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 1);
+CREATE TABLE pht1_p3 PARTITION OF pht1 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 2);
+INSERT INTO pht1 SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE pht1;
+CREATE TABLE pht2 (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY HASH(c);
+CREATE TABLE pht2_p1 PARTITION OF pht2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE pht2_p2 PARTITION OF pht2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 1);
+CREATE TABLE pht2_p3 PARTITION OF pht2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 2);
+INSERT INTO pht2 SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 3) i;
+ANALYZE pht2;
+--
+-- hash partitioned by expression
+--
+CREATE TABLE pht1_e (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY HASH(ltrim(c, 'A'));
+CREATE TABLE pht1_e_p1 PARTITION OF pht1_e FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE pht1_e_p2 PARTITION OF pht1_e FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 1);
+CREATE TABLE pht1_e_p3 PARTITION OF pht1_e FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 2);
+INSERT INTO pht1_e SELECT i, i, 'A' || to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 299, 2) i;
+ANALYZE pht1_e;
+-- test partition matching with N-way join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT avg(t1.a), avg(t2.b), avg(t3.a + t3.b), t1.c, t2.c, t3.c FROM pht1 t1, pht2 t2, pht1_e t3 WHERE t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c AND ltrim(t3.c, 'A') = t1.c GROUP BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c ORDER BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: t1.c, t2.c, t3.c
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: t1.c, t3.c
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_1.c = ltrim(t3_1.c, 'A'::text))
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((t1_1.b = t2_1.b) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pht1_p1 t1_1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pht2_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pht1_e_p1 t3_1
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_2.c = ltrim(t3_2.c, 'A'::text))
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((t1_2.b = t2_2.b) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pht1_p2 t1_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pht2_p2 t2_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pht1_e_p2 t3_2
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_3.c = ltrim(t3_3.c, 'A'::text))
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((t1_3.b = t2_3.b) AND (t1_3.c = t2_3.c))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pht1_p3 t1_3
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on pht2_p3 t2_3
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on pht1_e_p3 t3_3
+(32 rows)
+
+SELECT avg(t1.a), avg(t2.b), avg(t3.a + t3.b), t1.c, t2.c, t3.c FROM pht1 t1, pht2 t2, pht1_e t3 WHERE t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c AND ltrim(t3.c, 'A') = t1.c GROUP BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c ORDER BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c;
+         avg          |         avg          |         avg          |  c   |  c   |   c   
+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+------+------+-------
+  24.0000000000000000 |  24.0000000000000000 |  48.0000000000000000 | 0000 | 0000 | A0000
+  75.0000000000000000 |  75.0000000000000000 | 148.0000000000000000 | 0001 | 0001 | A0001
+ 123.0000000000000000 | 123.0000000000000000 | 248.0000000000000000 | 0002 | 0002 | A0002
+ 174.0000000000000000 | 174.0000000000000000 | 348.0000000000000000 | 0003 | 0003 | A0003
+ 225.0000000000000000 | 225.0000000000000000 | 448.0000000000000000 | 0004 | 0004 | A0004
+ 273.0000000000000000 | 273.0000000000000000 | 548.0000000000000000 | 0005 | 0005 | A0005
+(6 rows)
+
+-- test default partition behavior for range
+ALTER TABLE prt1 DETACH PARTITION prt1_p3;
+ALTER TABLE prt1 ATTACH PARTITION prt1_p3 DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE prt1;
+ALTER TABLE prt2 DETACH PARTITION prt2_p3;
+ALTER TABLE prt2 ATTACH PARTITION prt2_p3 DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE prt2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_3.b = t1_3.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(21 rows)
+
+-- test default partition behavior for list
+ALTER TABLE plt1 DETACH PARTITION plt1_p3;
+ALTER TABLE plt1 ATTACH PARTITION plt1_p3 DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE plt1;
+ALTER TABLE plt2 DETACH PARTITION plt2_p3;
+ALTER TABLE plt2 ATTACH PARTITION plt2_p3 DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE plt2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT avg(t1.a), avg(t2.b), t1.c, t2.c FROM plt1 t1 RIGHT JOIN plt2 t2 ON t1.c = t2.c WHERE t1.a % 25 = 0 GROUP BY t1.c, t2.c ORDER BY t1.c, t2.c;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.c
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: t1.c, t2.c
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t2_1.c = t1_1.c)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt1_p1 t1_1
+                                 Filter: ((a % 25) = 0)
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t2_2.c = t1_2.c)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_p2 t2_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt1_p2 t1_2
+                                 Filter: ((a % 25) = 0)
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t2_3.c = t1_3.c)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_p3 t2_3
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt1_p3 t1_3
+                                 Filter: ((a % 25) = 0)
+(23 rows)
+
+--
+-- multiple levels of partitioning
+--
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_l FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_l FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p2_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_l_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0001');
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p2_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_l_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0002', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p3 PARTITION OF prt1_l FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p3_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_l_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (13);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p3_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_l_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (13) TO (25);
+INSERT INTO prt1_l SELECT i, i % 25, to_char(i % 4, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt1_l;
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE(b);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_l FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_l FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p2_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_l_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0001');
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p2_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_l_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0002', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p3 PARTITION OF prt2_l FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p3_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_l_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (13);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p3_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_l_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (13) TO (25);
+INSERT INTO prt2_l SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i % 4, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 3) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_l;
+-- inner join, qual covering only top-level partitions
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1, prt2_l t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_3.b = t1_3.a)
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p1 t2_3
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p2 t2_4
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p1 t1_3
+                                 Filter: (b = 0)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p2 t1_4
+                                 Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_6.b = t1_5.a)
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p3_p1 t2_6
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p3_p2 t2_7
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p3_p1 t1_5
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(28 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1, prt2_l t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+   0 | 0000 |   0 | 0000
+ 150 | 0002 | 150 | 0002
+ 300 | 0000 | 300 | 0000
+ 450 | 0002 | 450 | 0002
+(4 rows)
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_l t2 ON t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.b = t1_1.a) AND ((t2_1.c)::text = (t1_1.c)::text))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.b = t1_2.a) AND ((t2_2.c)::text = (t1_2.c)::text))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p1 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p1 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_3.b = t1_3.a) AND ((t2_3.c)::text = (t1_3.c)::text))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p2 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p2 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_5.b = t1_4.a) AND ((t2_5.c)::text = (t1_4.c)::text))
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p3_p1 t2_5
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p3_p2 t2_6
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p3_p1 t1_4
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(29 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_l t2 ON t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+   0 | 0000 |   0 | 0000
+  50 | 0002 |     | 
+ 100 | 0000 |     | 
+ 150 | 0002 | 150 | 0002
+ 200 | 0000 |     | 
+ 250 | 0002 |     | 
+ 300 | 0000 | 300 | 0000
+ 350 | 0002 |     | 
+ 400 | 0000 |     | 
+ 450 | 0002 | 450 | 0002
+ 500 | 0000 |     | 
+ 550 | 0002 |     | 
+(12 rows)
+
+-- right join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2_l t2 ON t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c WHERE t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.b) AND ((t1_1.c)::text = (t2_1.c)::text))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p1 t1_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p1 t2_1
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.b) AND ((t1_2.c)::text = (t2_2.c)::text))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p1 t1_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p1 t2_2
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_3.a = t2_3.b) AND ((t1_3.c)::text = (t2_3.c)::text))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p2 t1_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p2 t2_3
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_5.a = t2_4.b) AND ((t1_5.c)::text = (t2_4.c)::text))
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p3_p1 t1_5
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p3_p2 t1_6
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p3_p1 t2_4
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+(29 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2_l t2 ON t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c WHERE t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+   0 | 0000 |   0 | 0000
+ 150 | 0002 | 150 | 0002
+ 300 | 0000 | 300 | 0000
+ 450 | 0002 | 450 | 0002
+     |      |  75 | 0003
+     |      | 225 | 0001
+     |      | 375 | 0003
+     |      | 525 | 0001
+(8 rows)
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1_l WHERE prt1_l.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2_l WHERE prt2_l.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c) ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                                             QUERY PLAN                                             
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: prt1_l.a, prt2_l.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((prt1_l_1.a = prt2_l_1.b) AND ((prt1_l_1.c)::text = (prt2_l_1.c)::text))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p1 prt1_l_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p1 prt2_l_1
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((prt1_l_2.a = prt2_l_2.b) AND ((prt1_l_2.c)::text = (prt2_l_2.c)::text))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p1 prt1_l_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p1 prt2_l_2
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((prt1_l_3.a = prt2_l_3.b) AND ((prt1_l_3.c)::text = (prt2_l_3.c)::text))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p2 prt1_l_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p2 prt2_l_3
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((prt1_l_4.a = prt2_l_4.b) AND ((prt1_l_4.c)::text = (prt2_l_4.c)::text))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p3_p1 prt1_l_4
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p3_p1 prt2_l_4
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+(31 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1_l WHERE prt1_l.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2_l WHERE prt2_l.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c) ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+   0 | 0000 |   0 | 0000
+  50 | 0002 |     | 
+ 100 | 0000 |     | 
+ 150 | 0002 | 150 | 0002
+ 200 | 0000 |     | 
+ 250 | 0002 |     | 
+ 300 | 0000 | 300 | 0000
+ 350 | 0002 |     | 
+ 400 | 0000 |     | 
+ 450 | 0002 | 450 | 0002
+ 500 | 0000 |     | 
+ 550 | 0002 |     | 
+     |      |  75 | 0003
+     |      | 225 | 0001
+     |      | 375 | 0003
+     |      | 525 | 0001
+(16 rows)
+
+-- lateral partitionwise join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM prt1_l t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t2.c AS t2c, t2.b AS t2b, t3.b AS t3b, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.b) FROM prt1_l t2 JOIN prt2_l t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b AND t2.c = t3.c)) ss
+			  ON t1.a = ss.t2a AND t1.c = ss.t2c WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                                          QUERY PLAN                                           
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: ((t3_1.b = t2_1.a) AND ((t3_1.c)::text = (t2_1.c)::text))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p1 t3_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p1 t2_1
+                                 Filter: ((t1_1.a = a) AND ((t1_1.c)::text = (c)::text))
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p1 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: ((t3_2.b = t2_2.a) AND ((t3_2.c)::text = (t2_2.c)::text))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p1 t3_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p1 t2_2
+                                 Filter: ((t1_2.a = a) AND ((t1_2.c)::text = (c)::text))
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p2 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: ((t3_3.b = t2_3.a) AND ((t3_3.c)::text = (t2_3.c)::text))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p2 t3_3
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p2_p2 t2_3
+                                 Filter: ((t1_3.a = a) AND ((t1_3.c)::text = (c)::text))
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p3_p1 t1_4
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: ((t3_5.b = t2_5.a) AND ((t3_5.c)::text = (t2_5.c)::text))
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p3_p1 t3_5
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p3_p2 t3_6
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Append
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p3_p1 t2_5
+                                       Filter: ((t1_4.a = a) AND ((t1_4.c)::text = (c)::text))
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p3_p2 t2_6
+                                       Filter: ((t1_4.a = a) AND ((t1_4.c)::text = (c)::text))
+(44 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM prt1_l t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t2.c AS t2c, t2.b AS t2b, t3.b AS t3b, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.b) FROM prt1_l t2 JOIN prt2_l t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b AND t2.c = t3.c)) ss
+			  ON t1.a = ss.t2a AND t1.c = ss.t2c WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+  a  | b |  c   | t2a | t2c  | t2b | t3b | least 
+-----+---+------+-----+------+-----+-----+-------
+   0 | 0 | 0000 |   0 | 0000 |   0 |   0 |     0
+  50 | 0 | 0002 |     |      |     |     |      
+ 100 | 0 | 0000 |     |      |     |     |      
+ 150 | 0 | 0002 | 150 | 0002 |   0 | 150 |   150
+ 200 | 0 | 0000 |     |      |     |     |      
+ 250 | 0 | 0002 |     |      |     |     |      
+ 300 | 0 | 0000 | 300 | 0000 |   0 | 300 |   300
+ 350 | 0 | 0002 |     |      |     |     |      
+ 400 | 0 | 0000 |     |      |     |     |      
+ 450 | 0 | 0002 | 450 | 0002 |   0 | 450 |   450
+ 500 | 0 | 0000 |     |      |     |     |      
+ 550 | 0 | 0002 |     |      |     |     |      
+(12 rows)
+
+-- join with one side empty
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1_l WHERE a = 1 AND a = 2) t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2_l t2 ON t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Left Join
+   Hash Cond: ((t2.b = a) AND (t2.a = b) AND ((t2.c)::text = (c)::text))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p1 t2_2
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p2_p2 t2_3
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p3_p1 t2_4
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_l_p3_p2 t2_5
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Result
+               One-Time Filter: false
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Test case to verify proper handling of subqueries in a partitioned delete.
+-- The weird-looking lateral join is just there to force creation of a
+-- nestloop parameter within the subquery, which exposes the problem if the
+-- planner fails to make multiple copies of the subquery as appropriate.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM prt1_l
+WHERE EXISTS (
+  SELECT 1
+    FROM int4_tbl,
+         LATERAL (SELECT int4_tbl.f1 FROM int8_tbl LIMIT 2) ss
+    WHERE prt1_l.c IS NULL);
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on prt1_l
+   Delete on prt1_l_p1 prt1_l_1
+   Delete on prt1_l_p3_p1 prt1_l_2
+   Delete on prt1_l_p3_p2 prt1_l_3
+   ->  Nested Loop Semi Join
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p1 prt1_l_1
+                     Filter: (c IS NULL)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p3_p1 prt1_l_2
+                     Filter: (c IS NULL)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_l_p3_p2 prt1_l_3
+                     Filter: (c IS NULL)
+         ->  Materialize
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
+                     ->  Subquery Scan on ss
+                           ->  Limit
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl
+(18 rows)
+
+--
+-- negative testcases
+--
+CREATE TABLE prt1_n (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE(c);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_n_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_n FOR VALUES FROM ('0000') TO ('0250');
+CREATE TABLE prt1_n_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_n FOR VALUES FROM ('0250') TO ('0500');
+INSERT INTO prt1_n SELECT i, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 499, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt1_n;
+CREATE TABLE prt2_n (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST(c);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_n_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_n FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0003', '0004', '0010', '0006', '0007');
+CREATE TABLE prt2_n_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_n FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0005', '0002', '0009', '0008', '0011');
+INSERT INTO prt2_n SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_n;
+CREATE TABLE prt3_n (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST(c);
+CREATE TABLE prt3_n_p1 PARTITION OF prt3_n FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0004', '0006', '0007');
+CREATE TABLE prt3_n_p2 PARTITION OF prt3_n FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0002', '0008', '0010');
+CREATE TABLE prt3_n_p3 PARTITION OF prt3_n FOR VALUES IN ('0003', '0005', '0009', '0011');
+INSERT INTO prt2_n SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt3_n;
+CREATE TABLE prt4_n (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE prt4_n_p1 PARTITION OF prt4_n FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE prt4_n_p2 PARTITION OF prt4_n FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (500);
+CREATE TABLE prt4_n_p3 PARTITION OF prt4_n FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600);
+INSERT INTO prt4_n SELECT i, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt4_n;
+-- partitionwise join can not be applied if the partition ranges differ
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt4_n t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (t1.a = t2.a)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt4_n_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt4_n_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt4_n_p3 t2_3
+(11 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt4_n t2, prt2 t3 WHERE t1.a = t2.a and t1.a = t3.b;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (t2.a = t1.a)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt4_n_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt4_n_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt4_n_p3 t2_3
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_1.a = t3_1.b)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p1 t3_1
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_2.a = t3_2.b)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p2 t3_2
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_3.a = t3_3.b)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_p3 t3_3
+(23 rows)
+
+-- partitionwise join can not be applied if there are no equi-join conditions
+-- between partition keys
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON (t1.a < t2.b);
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t1_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t1_2
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t1_3
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Index Scan using iprt2_p1_b on prt2_p1 t2_1
+               Index Cond: (b > t1.a)
+         ->  Index Scan using iprt2_p2_b on prt2_p2 t2_2
+               Index Cond: (b > t1.a)
+         ->  Index Scan using iprt2_p3_b on prt2_p3 t2_3
+               Index Cond: (b > t1.a)
+(12 rows)
+
+-- equi-join with join condition on partial keys does not qualify for
+-- partitionwise join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_m t1, prt2_m t2 WHERE t1.a = (t2.b + t2.a)/2;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (((t2.b + t2.a) / 2) = t1.a)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p3 t2_3
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p1 t1_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p2 t1_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p3 t1_3
+(11 rows)
+
+-- equi-join between out-of-order partition key columns does not qualify for
+-- partitionwise join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_m t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_m t2 ON t1.a = t2.b;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Hash Left Join
+   Hash Cond: (t1.a = t2.b)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p1 t1_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p2 t1_2
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p3 t1_3
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p3 t2_3
+(11 rows)
+
+-- equi-join between non-key columns does not qualify for partitionwise join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_m t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_m t2 ON t1.c = t2.c;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Hash Left Join
+   Hash Cond: (t1.c = t2.c)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p1 t1_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p2 t1_2
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_m_p3 t1_3
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_m_p3 t2_3
+(11 rows)
+
+-- partitionwise join can not be applied for a join between list and range
+-- partitioned tables
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_n t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_n t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c);
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Hash Right Join
+   Hash Cond: (t2.c = (t1.c)::text)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_n_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_n_p2 t2_2
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_n_p1 t1_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_n_p2 t1_2
+(9 rows)
+
+-- partitionwise join can not be applied between tables with different
+-- partition lists
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_n t1 JOIN prt2_n t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c) JOIN plt1 t3 ON (t1.c = t3.c);
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (t2.c = (t1.c)::text)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_n_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt2_n_p2 t2_2
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t3.c = (t1.c)::text)
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_p1 t3_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_p2 t3_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_p3 t3_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_n_p1 t1_1
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_n_p2 t1_2
+(16 rows)
+
+-- partitionwise join can not be applied for a join between key column and
+-- non-key column
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_n t1 FULL JOIN prt1 t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c);
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Hash Full Join
+   Hash Cond: ((t2.c)::text = (t1.c)::text)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Seq Scan on prt1_p3 t2_3
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_n_p1 t1_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_n_p2 t1_2
+(10 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test some other plan types in a partitionwise join (unfortunately,
+-- we need larger tables to get the planner to choose these plan types)
+--
+create temp table prtx1 (a integer, b integer, c integer)
+  partition by range (a);
+create temp table prtx1_1 partition of prtx1 for values from (1) to (11);
+create temp table prtx1_2 partition of prtx1 for values from (11) to (21);
+create temp table prtx1_3 partition of prtx1 for values from (21) to (31);
+create temp table prtx2 (a integer, b integer, c integer)
+  partition by range (a);
+create temp table prtx2_1 partition of prtx2 for values from (1) to (11);
+create temp table prtx2_2 partition of prtx2 for values from (11) to (21);
+create temp table prtx2_3 partition of prtx2 for values from (21) to (31);
+insert into prtx1 select 1 + i%30, i, i
+  from generate_series(1,1000) i;
+insert into prtx2 select 1 + i%30, i, i
+  from generate_series(1,500) i, generate_series(1,10) j;
+create index on prtx2 (b);
+create index on prtx2 (c);
+analyze prtx1;
+analyze prtx2;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from prtx1
+where not exists (select 1 from prtx2
+                  where prtx2.a=prtx1.a and prtx2.b=prtx1.b and prtx2.c=123)
+  and a<20 and c=120;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+         ->  Seq Scan on prtx1_1
+               Filter: ((a < 20) AND (c = 120))
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on prtx2_1
+               Recheck Cond: ((b = prtx1_1.b) AND (c = 123))
+               Filter: (a = prtx1_1.a)
+               ->  BitmapAnd
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on prtx2_1_b_idx
+                           Index Cond: (b = prtx1_1.b)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on prtx2_1_c_idx
+                           Index Cond: (c = 123)
+   ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+         ->  Seq Scan on prtx1_2
+               Filter: ((a < 20) AND (c = 120))
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on prtx2_2
+               Recheck Cond: ((b = prtx1_2.b) AND (c = 123))
+               Filter: (a = prtx1_2.a)
+               ->  BitmapAnd
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on prtx2_2_b_idx
+                           Index Cond: (b = prtx1_2.b)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on prtx2_2_c_idx
+                           Index Cond: (c = 123)
+(23 rows)
+
+select * from prtx1
+where not exists (select 1 from prtx2
+                  where prtx2.a=prtx1.a and prtx2.b=prtx1.b and prtx2.c=123)
+  and a<20 and c=120;
+ a |  b  |  c  
+---+-----+-----
+ 1 | 120 | 120
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from prtx1
+where not exists (select 1 from prtx2
+                  where prtx2.a=prtx1.a and (prtx2.b=prtx1.b+1 or prtx2.c=99))
+  and a<20 and c=91;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+         ->  Seq Scan on prtx1_1
+               Filter: ((a < 20) AND (c = 91))
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on prtx2_1
+               Recheck Cond: ((b = (prtx1_1.b + 1)) OR (c = 99))
+               Filter: (a = prtx1_1.a)
+               ->  BitmapOr
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on prtx2_1_b_idx
+                           Index Cond: (b = (prtx1_1.b + 1))
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on prtx2_1_c_idx
+                           Index Cond: (c = 99)
+   ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+         ->  Seq Scan on prtx1_2
+               Filter: ((a < 20) AND (c = 91))
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on prtx2_2
+               Recheck Cond: ((b = (prtx1_2.b + 1)) OR (c = 99))
+               Filter: (a = prtx1_2.a)
+               ->  BitmapOr
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on prtx2_2_b_idx
+                           Index Cond: (b = (prtx1_2.b + 1))
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on prtx2_2_c_idx
+                           Index Cond: (c = 99)
+(23 rows)
+
+select * from prtx1
+where not exists (select 1 from prtx2
+                  where prtx2.a=prtx1.a and (prtx2.b=prtx1.b+1 or prtx2.c=99))
+  and a<20 and c=91;
+ a | b  | c  
+---+----+----
+ 2 | 91 | 91
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test advanced partition-matching algorithm for partitioned join
+--
+-- Tests for range-partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p3 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (400);
+CREATE INDEX prt1_adv_a_idx ON prt1_adv (a);
+INSERT INTO prt1_adv SELECT i, i % 25, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 399) i;
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (150);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p3 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (350) TO (500);
+CREATE INDEX prt2_adv_b_idx ON prt2_adv (b);
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv_p1 SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 149) i;
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv_p2 SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(200, 299) i;
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv_p3 SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(350, 499) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_3.b = t1_3.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+ 100 | 0100 | 100 | 0100
+ 125 | 0125 | 125 | 0125
+ 200 | 0200 | 200 | 0200
+ 225 | 0225 | 225 | 0225
+ 250 | 0250 | 250 | 0250
+ 275 | 0275 | 275 | 0275
+ 350 | 0350 | 350 | 0350
+ 375 | 0375 | 375 | 0375
+(8 rows)
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Semi Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_1.a = t2_1.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Hash Semi Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_2.a = t2_2.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Hash Semi Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_3.a = t2_3.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+  a  | b |  c   
+-----+---+------
+ 100 | 0 | 0100
+ 125 | 0 | 0125
+ 200 | 0 | 0200
+ 225 | 0 | 0225
+ 250 | 0 | 0250
+ 275 | 0 | 0275
+ 350 | 0 | 0350
+ 375 | 0 | 0375
+(8 rows)
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_3.b = t1_3.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+ 100 | 0100 | 100 | 0100
+ 125 | 0125 | 125 | 0125
+ 150 | 0150 |     | 
+ 175 | 0175 |     | 
+ 200 | 0200 | 200 | 0200
+ 225 | 0225 | 225 | 0225
+ 250 | 0250 | 250 | 0250
+ 275 | 0275 | 275 | 0275
+ 300 | 0300 |     | 
+ 325 | 0325 |     | 
+ 350 | 0350 | 350 | 0350
+ 375 | 0375 | 375 | 0375
+(12 rows)
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Anti Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_1.a = t2_1.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Hash Anti Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_2.a = t2_2.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Hash Anti Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_3.a = t2_3.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+  a  | b |  c   
+-----+---+------
+ 150 | 0 | 0150
+ 175 | 0 | 0175
+ 300 | 0 | 0300
+ 325 | 0 | 0325
+(4 rows)
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 175 phv, * FROM prt1_adv WHERE prt1_adv.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 425 phv, * FROM prt2_adv WHERE prt2_adv.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: prt1_adv.a, prt2_adv.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (prt1_adv_1.a = prt2_adv_1.b)
+               Filter: (((175) = prt1_adv_1.a) OR ((425) = prt2_adv_1.b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 prt1_adv_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 prt2_adv_1
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (prt1_adv_2.a = prt2_adv_2.b)
+               Filter: (((175) = prt1_adv_2.a) OR ((425) = prt2_adv_2.b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 prt1_adv_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 prt2_adv_2
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (prt2_adv_3.b = prt1_adv_3.a)
+               Filter: (((175) = prt1_adv_3.a) OR ((425) = prt2_adv_3.b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 prt2_adv_3
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 prt1_adv_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(27 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 175 phv, * FROM prt1_adv WHERE prt1_adv.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 425 phv, * FROM prt2_adv WHERE prt2_adv.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+ 175 | 0175 |     | 
+     |      | 425 | 0425
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test cases where one side has an extra partition
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_extra PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (MAXVALUE);
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(500, 599) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_3.b = t1_3.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+ 100 | 0100 | 100 | 0100
+ 125 | 0125 | 125 | 0125
+ 200 | 0200 | 200 | 0200
+ 225 | 0225 | 225 | 0225
+ 250 | 0250 | 250 | 0250
+ 275 | 0275 | 275 | 0275
+ 350 | 0350 | 350 | 0350
+ 375 | 0375 | 375 | 0375
+(8 rows)
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Semi Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_1.a = t2_1.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Hash Semi Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_2.a = t2_2.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Hash Semi Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_3.a = t2_3.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+  a  | b |  c   
+-----+---+------
+ 100 | 0 | 0100
+ 125 | 0 | 0125
+ 200 | 0 | 0200
+ 225 | 0 | 0225
+ 250 | 0 | 0250
+ 275 | 0 | 0275
+ 350 | 0 | 0350
+ 375 | 0 | 0375
+(8 rows)
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_3.b = t1_3.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+ 100 | 0100 | 100 | 0100
+ 125 | 0125 | 125 | 0125
+ 150 | 0150 |     | 
+ 175 | 0175 |     | 
+ 200 | 0200 | 200 | 0200
+ 225 | 0225 | 225 | 0225
+ 250 | 0250 | 250 | 0250
+ 275 | 0275 | 275 | 0275
+ 300 | 0300 |     | 
+ 325 | 0325 |     | 
+ 350 | 0350 | 350 | 0350
+ 375 | 0375 | 375 | 0375
+(12 rows)
+
+-- left join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.b, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM prt2_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt1_adv t2 ON (t1.b = t2.a) WHERE t1.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.b, t2.a;
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.b, t2.a
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Hash Cond: (t2.a = t1.b)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t2_3
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_extra t1_4
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+(18 rows)
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Anti Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_1.a = t2_1.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Hash Anti Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_2.a = t2_2.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Hash Anti Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_3.a = t2_3.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+  a  | b |  c   
+-----+---+------
+ 150 | 0 | 0150
+ 175 | 0 | 0175
+ 300 | 0 | 0300
+ 325 | 0 | 0325
+(4 rows)
+
+-- anti join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt2_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt1_adv t2 WHERE t1.b = t2.a) AND t1.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.b
+   ->  Hash Anti Join
+         Hash Cond: (t1.b = t2.a)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_extra t1_4
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t2_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t2_3
+(18 rows)
+
+-- full join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 175 phv, * FROM prt1_adv WHERE prt1_adv.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 425 phv, * FROM prt2_adv WHERE prt2_adv.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: prt1_adv.a, prt2_adv.b
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: (prt2_adv.b = prt1_adv.a)
+         Filter: (((175) = prt1_adv.a) OR ((425) = prt2_adv.b))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 prt2_adv_1
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 prt2_adv_2
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 prt2_adv_3
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_extra prt2_adv_4
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 prt1_adv_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 prt1_adv_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 prt1_adv_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(22 rows)
+
+-- 3-way join where not every pair of relations can do partitioned join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.b, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM prt2_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt1_adv t2 ON (t1.b = t2.a) INNER JOIN prt1_adv t3 ON (t1.b = t3.a) WHERE t1.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.b, t2.a, t3.a;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.b, t2.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (a = 0)
+                     ->  Index Scan using prt1_adv_p1_a_idx on prt1_adv_p1 t3_1
+                           Index Cond: (a = t1_1.b)
+               ->  Index Scan using prt1_adv_p1_a_idx on prt1_adv_p1 t2_1
+                     Index Cond: (a = t1_1.b)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_2.a = t1_2.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t3_2.a = t1_2.b)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t3_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t1_2
+                                       Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_3.a = t1_3.b)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t3_3.a = t1_3.b)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t3_3
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t1_3
+                                       Filter: (a = 0)
+(31 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.b, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM prt2_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt1_adv t2 ON (t1.b = t2.a) INNER JOIN prt1_adv t3 ON (t1.b = t3.a) WHERE t1.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.b, t2.a, t3.a;
+  b  |  c   |  a  |  c   |  a  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------
+ 100 | 0100 | 100 | 0100 | 100 | 0100
+ 125 | 0125 | 125 | 0125 | 125 | 0125
+ 200 | 0200 | 200 | 0200 | 200 | 0200
+ 225 | 0225 | 225 | 0225 | 225 | 0225
+ 250 | 0250 | 250 | 0250 | 250 | 0250
+ 275 | 0275 | 275 | 0275 | 275 | 0275
+ 350 | 0350 | 350 | 0350 | 350 | 0350
+ 375 | 0375 | 375 | 0375 | 375 | 0375
+(8 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv_extra;
+-- Test cases where a partition on one side matches multiple partitions on
+-- the other side; we currently can't do partitioned join in such cases
+ALTER TABLE prt2_adv DETACH PARTITION prt2_adv_p3;
+-- Split prt2_adv_p3 into two partitions so that prt1_adv_p3 matches both
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p3_1 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (350) TO (375);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p3_2 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (375) TO (500);
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(350, 499) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (t2.b = t1.a)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3_1 t2_3
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3_2 t2_4
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(17 rows)
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Semi Join
+         Hash Cond: (t1.a = t2.b)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3_1 t2_3
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3_2 t2_4
+(17 rows)
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Hash Cond: (t2.b = t1.a)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3_1 t2_3
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3_2 t2_4
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(17 rows)
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Anti Join
+         Hash Cond: (t1.a = t2.b)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3_1 t2_3
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3_2 t2_4
+(17 rows)
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 175 phv, * FROM prt1_adv WHERE prt1_adv.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 425 phv, * FROM prt2_adv WHERE prt2_adv.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: prt1_adv.a, prt2_adv.b
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: (prt2_adv.b = prt1_adv.a)
+         Filter: (((175) = prt1_adv.a) OR ((425) = prt2_adv.b))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 prt2_adv_1
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 prt2_adv_2
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3_1 prt2_adv_3
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3_2 prt2_adv_4
+                     Filter: (a = 0)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 prt1_adv_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 prt1_adv_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 prt1_adv_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(22 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv_p3_1;
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv_p3_2;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+-- Test default partitions
+ALTER TABLE prt1_adv DETACH PARTITION prt1_adv_p1;
+-- Change prt1_adv_p1 to the default partition
+ALTER TABLE prt1_adv ATTACH PARTITION prt1_adv_p1 DEFAULT;
+ALTER TABLE prt1_adv DETACH PARTITION prt1_adv_p3;
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+-- We can do partitioned join even if only one of relations has the default
+-- partition
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+ 100 | 0100 | 100 | 0100
+ 125 | 0125 | 125 | 0125
+ 200 | 0200 | 200 | 0200
+ 225 | 0225 | 225 | 0225
+ 250 | 0250 | 250 | 0250
+ 275 | 0275 | 275 | 0275
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Restore prt1_adv_p3
+ALTER TABLE prt1_adv ATTACH PARTITION prt1_adv_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (400);
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+-- Restore prt2_adv_p3
+ALTER TABLE prt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION prt2_adv_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (350) TO (500);
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+-- Partitioned join can't be applied because the default partition of prt1_adv
+-- matches prt2_adv_p1 and prt2_adv_p3
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (t2.b = t1.a)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(16 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE prt2_adv DETACH PARTITION prt2_adv_p3;
+-- Change prt2_adv_p3 to the default partition
+ALTER TABLE prt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION prt2_adv_p3 DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+-- Partitioned join can't be applied because the default partition of prt1_adv
+-- matches prt2_adv_p1 and prt2_adv_p3
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (t2.b = t1.a)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p3 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b = 0)
+(16 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE prt1_adv_p3;
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv_p3;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+CREATE TABLE prt3_adv (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE prt3_adv_p1 PARTITION OF prt3_adv FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE prt3_adv_p2 PARTITION OF prt3_adv FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (400);
+CREATE INDEX prt3_adv_a_idx ON prt3_adv (a);
+INSERT INTO prt3_adv SELECT i, i % 25, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(200, 399) i;
+ANALYZE prt3_adv;
+-- 3-way join to test the default partition of a join relation
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) LEFT JOIN prt3_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.b, t3.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t3_1.a = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt3_adv_p1 t3_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_1.a)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_1
+                                       Filter: (b = 0)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: (t3_2.a = t1_2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt3_adv_p2 t3_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_2.a)
+                           ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_2
+                                       Filter: (b = 0)
+(23 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) LEFT JOIN prt3_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   |  a  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------
+ 100 | 0100 | 100 | 0100 |     | 
+ 125 | 0125 | 125 | 0125 |     | 
+ 150 | 0150 |     |      |     | 
+ 175 | 0175 |     |      |     | 
+ 200 | 0200 | 200 | 0200 | 200 | 0200
+ 225 | 0225 | 225 | 0225 | 225 | 0225
+ 250 | 0250 | 250 | 0250 | 250 | 0250
+ 275 | 0275 | 275 | 0275 | 275 | 0275
+(8 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE prt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv;
+DROP TABLE prt3_adv;
+-- Test interaction of partitioned join with partition pruning
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p3 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (400);
+CREATE INDEX prt1_adv_a_idx ON prt1_adv (a);
+INSERT INTO prt1_adv SELECT i, i % 25, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 399) i;
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (400);
+CREATE INDEX prt2_adv_b_idx ON prt2_adv (b);
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 399) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.a < 300 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: ((a < 300) AND (b = 0))
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: ((a < 300) AND (b = 0))
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.a < 300 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+ 100 | 0100 | 100 | 0100
+ 125 | 0125 | 125 | 0125
+ 150 | 0150 | 150 | 0150
+ 175 | 0175 | 175 | 0175
+ 200 | 0200 | 200 | 0200
+ 225 | 0225 | 225 | 0225
+ 250 | 0250 | 250 | 0250
+ 275 | 0275 | 275 | 0275
+(8 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE prt1_adv_p3;
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_default PARTITION OF prt1_adv DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_default PARTITION OF prt2_adv DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.a >= 100 AND t1.a < 300 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_1.b = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: ((a >= 100) AND (a < 300) AND (b = 0))
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: (t2_2.b = t1_2.a)
+               ->  Seq Scan on prt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on prt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: ((a >= 100) AND (a < 300) AND (b = 0))
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.a >= 100 AND t1.a < 300 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+  a  |  c   |  b  |  c   
+-----+------+-----+------
+ 100 | 0100 | 100 | 0100
+ 125 | 0125 | 125 | 0125
+ 150 | 0150 | 150 | 0150
+ 175 | 0175 | 175 | 0175
+ 200 | 0200 | 200 | 0200
+ 225 | 0225 | 225 | 0225
+ 250 | 0250 | 250 | 0250
+ 275 | 0275 | 275 | 0275
+(8 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE prt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv;
+-- Tests for list-partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p3 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0008', '0009');
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9);
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0002', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p3 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0007', '0009');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t2_3.c = t1_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+ 9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009
+(4 rows)
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Nested Loop Semi Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.a) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Nested Loop Semi Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.a) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Nested Loop Semi Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_3.a = t2_3.a) AND (t1_3.c = t2_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+(18 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a | b |  c   
+---+---+------
+ 3 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 6 | 0006
+ 9 | 9 | 0009
+(4 rows)
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t2_3.c = t1_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 1 | 0001 |   | 
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+ 8 | 0008 |   | 
+ 9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009
+(6 rows)
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.a) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.a) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_3.a = t2_3.a) AND (t1_3.c = t2_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+(18 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a | b |  c   
+---+---+------
+ 1 | 1 | 0001
+ 8 | 8 | 0008
+(2 rows)
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.a) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(t1_1.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2_1.b, 0) < 10))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.a) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(t1_2.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2_2.b, 0) < 10))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_3.a = t2_3.a) AND (t1_3.c = t2_3.c))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(t1_3.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2_3.b, 0) < 10))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 1 | 0001 |   | 
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+ 8 | 0008 |   | 
+ 9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009
+   |      | 2 | 0002
+   |      | 7 | 0007
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Test cases where one side has an extra partition
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_extra PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0000');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv_extra VALUES (0, 0, '0000');
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t2_3.c = t1_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+ 9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009
+(4 rows)
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Nested Loop Semi Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.a) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Nested Loop Semi Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.a) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Nested Loop Semi Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_3.a = t2_3.a) AND (t1_3.c = t2_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+(18 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a | b |  c   
+---+---+------
+ 3 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 6 | 0006
+ 9 | 9 | 0009
+(4 rows)
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t2_3.c = t1_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 1 | 0001 |   | 
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+ 8 | 0008 |   | 
+ 9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009
+(6 rows)
+
+-- left join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt2_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt1_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.a = t1.a) AND (t2.c = t1.c))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t2_3
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_extra t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t1_4
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(18 rows)
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.a) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.a) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_3.a = t2_3.a) AND (t1_3.c = t2_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+(18 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a | b |  c   
+---+---+------
+ 1 | 1 | 0001
+ 8 | 8 | 0008
+(2 rows)
+
+-- anti join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt2_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt1_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Anti Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t1.a = t2.a) AND (t1.c = t2.c))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_extra t1_1
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t1_4
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t2_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t2_3
+(18 rows)
+
+-- full join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.a
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.a = t1.a) AND (t2.c = t1.c))
+         Filter: ((COALESCE(t1.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2.b, 0) < 10))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_extra t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_3
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_4
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+(15 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_extra;
+-- Test cases where a partition on one side matches multiple partitions on
+-- the other side; we currently can't do partitioned join in such cases
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv DETACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2;
+-- Split plt2_adv_p2 into two partitions so that plt1_adv_p2 matches both
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2_1 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2_2 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0006');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (4, 6);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.a = t1.a) AND (t2.c = t1.c))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_1 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_2 t2_3
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_4
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(17 rows)
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Semi Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t1.a = t2.a) AND (t1.c = t2.c))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_1 t2_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_2 t2_3
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_4
+(17 rows)
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.a = t1.a) AND (t2.c = t1.c))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_1 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_2 t2_3
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_4
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(17 rows)
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Anti Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t1.a = t2.a) AND (t1.c = t2.c))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_1 t2_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_2 t2_3
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_4
+(17 rows)
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.a
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.a = t1.a) AND (t2.c = t1.c))
+         Filter: ((COALESCE(t1.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2.b, 0) < 10))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_1 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_2 t2_3
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_4
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+(15 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p2_1;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p2_2;
+-- Restore plt2_adv_p2
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+-- Test NULL partitions
+ALTER TABLE plt1_adv DETACH PARTITION plt1_adv_p1;
+-- Change plt1_adv_p1 to the NULL partition
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p1_null PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL, '0001', '0003');
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 3);
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv DETACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p3;
+-- Change plt2_adv_p3 to the NULL partition
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p3_null PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL, '0007', '0009');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (7, 9);
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1_null t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t2_3.c = t1_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3_null t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+ 9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009
+(4 rows)
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Semi Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.a) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1_null t1_1
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Nested Loop Semi Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.a) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Nested Loop Semi Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_3.a = t2_3.a) AND (t1_3.c = t2_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3_null t2_3
+(19 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a | b |  c   
+---+---+------
+ 3 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 6 | 0006
+ 9 | 9 | 0009
+(4 rows)
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1_null t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t2_3.c = t1_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3_null t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a  |  c   | a |  c   
+----+------+---+------
+ -1 |      |   | 
+  1 | 0001 |   | 
+  3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+  4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+  6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+  8 | 0008 |   | 
+  9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009
+(7 rows)
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Anti Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.a) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1_null t1_1
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.a) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Nested Loop Anti Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_3.a = t2_3.a) AND (t1_3.c = t2_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3_null t2_3
+(19 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a  | b  |  c   
+----+----+------
+ -1 | -1 | 
+  1 |  1 | 0001
+  8 |  8 | 0008
+(3 rows)
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.a) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(t1_1.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2_1.b, 0) < 10))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1_null t1_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.a) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(t1_2.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2_2.b, 0) < 10))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t2_3.c = t1_3.c))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(t1_3.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2_3.b, 0) < 10))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3_null t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+ a  |  c   | a  |  c   
+----+------+----+------
+ -1 |      |    | 
+  1 | 0001 |    | 
+  3 | 0003 |  3 | 0003
+  4 | 0004 |  4 | 0004
+  6 | 0006 |  6 | 0006
+  8 | 0008 |    | 
+  9 | 0009 |  9 | 0009
+    |      | -1 | 
+    |      |  2 | 0002
+    |      |  7 | 0007
+(10 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv_p1_null;
+-- Restore plt1_adv_p1
+ALTER TABLE plt1_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt1_adv_p1 FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0003');
+-- Add to plt1_adv the extra NULL partition containing only NULL values as the
+-- key values
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_extra PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL);
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p3_null;
+-- Restore plt2_adv_p3
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p3 FOR VALUES IN ('0007', '0009');
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t2_3.c = t1_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+ 9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009
+(4 rows)
+
+-- left join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.a = t1.a) AND (t2.c = t1.c))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_extra t1_4
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(18 rows)
+
+-- full join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.a
+   ->  Hash Full Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t1.a = t2.a) AND (t1.c = t2.c))
+         Filter: ((COALESCE(t1.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2.b, 0) < 10))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_extra t1_4
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+(15 rows)
+
+-- Add to plt2_adv the extra NULL partition containing only NULL values as the
+-- key values
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_extra PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL);
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t2_3.c = t1_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+ 9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009
+(4 rows)
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t2_3.c = t1_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_4.a = t2_4.a) AND (t1_4.c = t2_4.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_extra t1_4
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_extra t2_4
+(26 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a  |  c   | a |  c   
+----+------+---+------
+ -1 |      |   | 
+  1 | 0001 |   | 
+  3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+  4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+  6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+  8 | 0008 |   | 
+  9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009
+(7 rows)
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t2.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.a) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(t1_1.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2_1.b, 0) < 10))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.a) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(t1_2.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2_2.b, 0) < 10))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_3.a = t2_3.a) AND (t1_3.c = t2_3.c))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(t1_3.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2_3.b, 0) < 10))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_4.a = t2_4.a) AND (t1_4.c = t2_4.c))
+               Filter: ((COALESCE(t1_4.b, 0) < 10) AND (COALESCE(t2_4.b, 0) < 10))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_extra t1_4
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_extra t2_4
+(27 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+ a  |  c   | a  |  c   
+----+------+----+------
+ -1 |      |    | 
+  1 | 0001 |    | 
+  3 | 0003 |  3 | 0003
+  4 | 0004 |  4 | 0004
+  6 | 0006 |  6 | 0006
+  8 | 0008 |    | 
+  9 | 0009 |  9 | 0009
+    |      | -1 | 
+    |      |  2 | 0002
+    |      |  7 | 0007
+(10 rows)
+
+-- 3-way join to test the NULL partition of a join relation
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) LEFT JOIN plt1_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a AND t1.c = t3.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t3_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t3_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t3_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                                       Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t3_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t3_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t3_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                                       Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t3_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t3_3.c = t1_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t3_3
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((t2_3.a = t1_3.a) AND (t2_3.c = t1_3.c))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_3
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_3
+                                       Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               Join Filter: ((t1_4.a = t3_4.a) AND (t1_4.c = t3_4.c))
+               ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+                     Join Filter: ((t1_4.a = t2_4.a) AND (t1_4.c = t2_4.c))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_extra t1_4
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_extra t2_4
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_extra t3_4
+(41 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) LEFT JOIN plt1_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a AND t1.c = t3.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a  |  c   | a |  c   | a |  c   
+----+------+---+------+---+------
+ -1 |      |   |      |   | 
+  1 | 0001 |   |      | 1 | 0001
+  3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+  4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+  6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+  8 | 0008 |   |      | 8 | 0008
+  9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009 | 9 | 0009
+(7 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv_extra;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_extra;
+-- Test default partitions
+ALTER TABLE plt1_adv DETACH PARTITION plt1_adv_p1;
+-- Change plt1_adv_p1 to the default partition
+ALTER TABLE plt1_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt1_adv_p1 DEFAULT;
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv_p3;
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p3;
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+-- We can do partitioned join even if only one of relations has the default
+-- partition
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv DETACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2;
+-- Change plt2_adv_p2 to contain '0005' in addition to '0004' and '0006' as
+-- the key values
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2_ext PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0005', '0006');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (4, 5, 6);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+-- Partitioned join can't be applied because the default partition of plt1_adv
+-- matches plt2_adv_p1 and plt2_adv_p2_ext
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.a = t1.a) AND (t2.c = t1.c))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_ext t2_2
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(13 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv DETACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2_ext;
+-- Change plt2_adv_p2_ext to the default partition
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2_ext DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+-- Partitioned join can't be applied because the default partition of plt1_adv
+-- matches plt2_adv_p1 and plt2_adv_p2_ext
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.a = t1.a) AND (t2.c = t1.c))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2_ext t2_2
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(13 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p2_ext;
+-- Restore plt2_adv_p2
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt3_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt3_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0007', '0009');
+INSERT INTO plt3_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (4, 6, 7, 9);
+ANALYZE plt3_adv;
+-- 3-way join to test the default partition of a join relation
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) LEFT JOIN plt3_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a AND t1.c = t3.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t3_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t3_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt3_adv_p1 t3_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_1.c))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_1
+                                       Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Right Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t3_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t3_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt3_adv_p2 t3_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Hash Right Join
+                           Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_2.c))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+                           ->  Hash
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_2
+                                       Filter: (b < 10)
+(23 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) LEFT JOIN plt3_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a AND t1.c = t3.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------+---+------
+ 1 | 0001 |   |      |   | 
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003 |   | 
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Test cases where one side has the default partition while the other side
+-- has the NULL partition
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p1;
+-- Add the NULL partition to plt2_adv
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p1_null PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL, '0001', '0003');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 3);
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1_null t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_2
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_1
+                           Filter: (b < 10)
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 1 | 0001 | 1 | 0001
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p1_null;
+-- Add the NULL partition that contains only NULL values as the key values
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p1_null PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL);
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.a = t1.a) AND (t2.c = t1.c))
+         ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1
+                     Filter: (b < 10)
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 6 | 0006 | 6 | 0006
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt3_adv;
+-- Test interaction of partitioned join with partition pruning
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0001');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0002');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p3 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0003');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p4 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL, '0004', '0005');
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0002');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL);
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p3 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0003');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p4 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0005');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IN ('0003', '0004', '0005') AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_1
+                           Filter: ((b < 10) AND (c = ANY ('{0003,0004,0005}'::text[])))
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p4 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p4 t1_2
+                           Filter: ((b < 10) AND (c = ANY ('{0003,0004,0005}'::text[])))
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IN ('0003', '0004', '0005') AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 5 | 0005 | 5 | 0005
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IS NULL AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.a = t1.a) AND (t2.c = t1.c))
+         ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p4 t2
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p4 t1
+                     Filter: ((c IS NULL) AND (b < 10))
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IS NULL AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a  | c | a | c 
+----+---+---+---
+ -1 |   |   | 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_default PARTITION OF plt1_adv DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_default PARTITION OF plt2_adv DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IN ('0003', '0004', '0005') AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_1.a = t1_1.a) AND (t2_1.c = t1_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p3 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p3 t1_1
+                           Filter: ((b < 10) AND (c = ANY ('{0003,0004,0005}'::text[])))
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.c = t1_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p4 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p4 t1_2
+                           Filter: ((b < 10) AND (c = ANY ('{0003,0004,0005}'::text[])))
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IN ('0003', '0004', '0005') AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a |  c   | a |  c   
+---+------+---+------
+ 3 | 0003 | 3 | 0003
+ 4 | 0004 | 4 | 0004
+ 5 | 0005 | 5 | 0005
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IS NULL AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Hash Cond: ((t2.a = t1.a) AND (t2.c = t1.c))
+         ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p4 t2
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p4 t1
+                     Filter: ((c IS NULL) AND (b < 10))
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IS NULL AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+ a  | c | a | c 
+----+---+---+---
+ -1 |   |   | 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv;
+-- Test the process_outer_partition() code path
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0001', '0002');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0003', '0004');
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 5, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 24) i;
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0002');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0003', '0004');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 5, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 24) i WHERE i % 5 IN (2, 3, 4);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt3_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0001');
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt3_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0003', '0004');
+INSERT INTO plt3_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 5, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 24) i WHERE i % 5 IN (1, 3, 4);
+ANALYZE plt3_adv;
+-- This tests that when merging partitions from plt1_adv and plt2_adv in
+-- merge_list_bounds(), process_outer_partition() returns an already-assigned
+-- merged partition when re-called with plt1_adv_p1 for the second list value
+-- '0001' of that partition
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM (plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c)) FULL JOIN plt3_adv t3 ON (t1.c = t3.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 3 AND coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 4 ORDER BY t1.c, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a;
+                                          QUERY PLAN                                           
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.c, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_1.c = t3_1.c)
+               Filter: (((COALESCE(t1_1.a, 0) % 5) <> 3) AND ((COALESCE(t1_1.a, 0) % 5) <> 4))
+               ->  Hash Left Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_1.c = t2_1.c)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p1 t1_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p1 t2_1
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt3_adv_p1 t3_1
+         ->  Hash Full Join
+               Hash Cond: (t1_2.c = t3_2.c)
+               Filter: (((COALESCE(t1_2.a, 0) % 5) <> 3) AND ((COALESCE(t1_2.a, 0) % 5) <> 4))
+               ->  Hash Left Join
+                     Hash Cond: (t1_2.c = t2_2.c)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt1_adv_p2 t1_2
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on plt2_adv_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on plt3_adv_p2 t3_2
+(23 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM (plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c)) FULL JOIN plt3_adv t3 ON (t1.c = t3.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 3 AND coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 4 ORDER BY t1.c, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a;
+ a  |  c   | a  |  c   | a  |  c   
+----+------+----+------+----+------
+  0 | 0000 |    |      |    | 
+  5 | 0000 |    |      |    | 
+ 10 | 0000 |    |      |    | 
+ 15 | 0000 |    |      |    | 
+ 20 | 0000 |    |      |    | 
+  1 | 0001 |    |      |  1 | 0001
+  1 | 0001 |    |      |  6 | 0001
+  1 | 0001 |    |      | 11 | 0001
+  1 | 0001 |    |      | 16 | 0001
+  1 | 0001 |    |      | 21 | 0001
+  6 | 0001 |    |      |  1 | 0001
+  6 | 0001 |    |      |  6 | 0001
+  6 | 0001 |    |      | 11 | 0001
+  6 | 0001 |    |      | 16 | 0001
+  6 | 0001 |    |      | 21 | 0001
+ 11 | 0001 |    |      |  1 | 0001
+ 11 | 0001 |    |      |  6 | 0001
+ 11 | 0001 |    |      | 11 | 0001
+ 11 | 0001 |    |      | 16 | 0001
+ 11 | 0001 |    |      | 21 | 0001
+ 16 | 0001 |    |      |  1 | 0001
+ 16 | 0001 |    |      |  6 | 0001
+ 16 | 0001 |    |      | 11 | 0001
+ 16 | 0001 |    |      | 16 | 0001
+ 16 | 0001 |    |      | 21 | 0001
+ 21 | 0001 |    |      |  1 | 0001
+ 21 | 0001 |    |      |  6 | 0001
+ 21 | 0001 |    |      | 11 | 0001
+ 21 | 0001 |    |      | 16 | 0001
+ 21 | 0001 |    |      | 21 | 0001
+  2 | 0002 |  2 | 0002 |    | 
+  2 | 0002 |  7 | 0002 |    | 
+  2 | 0002 | 12 | 0002 |    | 
+  2 | 0002 | 17 | 0002 |    | 
+  2 | 0002 | 22 | 0002 |    | 
+  7 | 0002 |  2 | 0002 |    | 
+  7 | 0002 |  7 | 0002 |    | 
+  7 | 0002 | 12 | 0002 |    | 
+  7 | 0002 | 17 | 0002 |    | 
+  7 | 0002 | 22 | 0002 |    | 
+ 12 | 0002 |  2 | 0002 |    | 
+ 12 | 0002 |  7 | 0002 |    | 
+ 12 | 0002 | 12 | 0002 |    | 
+ 12 | 0002 | 17 | 0002 |    | 
+ 12 | 0002 | 22 | 0002 |    | 
+ 17 | 0002 |  2 | 0002 |    | 
+ 17 | 0002 |  7 | 0002 |    | 
+ 17 | 0002 | 12 | 0002 |    | 
+ 17 | 0002 | 17 | 0002 |    | 
+ 17 | 0002 | 22 | 0002 |    | 
+ 22 | 0002 |  2 | 0002 |    | 
+ 22 | 0002 |  7 | 0002 |    | 
+ 22 | 0002 | 12 | 0002 |    | 
+ 22 | 0002 | 17 | 0002 |    | 
+ 22 | 0002 | 22 | 0002 |    | 
+(55 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt3_adv;
+-- Tests for multi-level partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE alpha (a double precision, b int, c text) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_neg PARTITION OF alpha FOR VALUES FROM ('-Infinity') TO (0) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_pos PARTITION OF alpha FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10.0) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_neg_p1 PARTITION OF alpha_neg FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_neg_p2 PARTITION OF alpha_neg FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_neg_p3 PARTITION OF alpha_neg FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (400);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_pos_p1 PARTITION OF alpha_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE alpha_pos_p2 PARTITION OF alpha_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+CREATE TABLE alpha_pos_p3 PARTITION OF alpha_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0008', '0009');
+INSERT INTO alpha_neg SELECT -1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 399) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9);
+INSERT INTO alpha_pos SELECT  1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 399) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9);
+ANALYZE alpha;
+CREATE TABLE beta (a double precision, b int, c text) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE beta_neg PARTITION OF beta FOR VALUES FROM (-10.0) TO (0) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE beta_pos PARTITION OF beta FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO ('Infinity') PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE beta_neg_p1 PARTITION OF beta_neg FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (150);
+CREATE TABLE beta_neg_p2 PARTITION OF beta_neg FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE beta_neg_p3 PARTITION OF beta_neg FOR VALUES FROM (350) TO (500);
+CREATE TABLE beta_pos_p1 PARTITION OF beta_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0002', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE beta_pos_p2 PARTITION OF beta_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+CREATE TABLE beta_pos_p3 PARTITION OF beta_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0007', '0009');
+INSERT INTO beta_neg SELECT -1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 149) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+INSERT INTO beta_neg SELECT -1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(200, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+INSERT INTO beta_neg SELECT -1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(350, 499) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+INSERT INTO beta_pos SELECT  1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 149) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+INSERT INTO beta_pos SELECT  1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(200, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+INSERT INTO beta_pos SELECT  1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(350, 499) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+ANALYZE beta;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.b = t2.b) WHERE t1.b >= 125 AND t1.b < 225 ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t1.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.a) AND (t1_1.b = t2_1.b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on alpha_neg_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: ((b >= 125) AND (b < 225))
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on beta_neg_p1 t2_1
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_2.a = t1_2.a) AND (t2_2.b = t1_2.b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on beta_neg_p2 t2_2
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on alpha_neg_p2 t1_2
+                           Filter: ((b >= 125) AND (b < 225))
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t2_4.a = t1_4.a) AND (t2_4.b = t1_4.b))
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on beta_pos_p1 t2_4
+                     ->  Seq Scan on beta_pos_p2 t2_5
+                     ->  Seq Scan on beta_pos_p3 t2_6
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Seq Scan on alpha_pos_p1 t1_4
+                                 Filter: ((b >= 125) AND (b < 225))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on alpha_pos_p2 t1_5
+                                 Filter: ((b >= 125) AND (b < 225))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on alpha_pos_p3 t1_6
+                                 Filter: ((b >= 125) AND (b < 225))
+(29 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.b = t2.b) WHERE t1.b >= 125 AND t1.b < 225 ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b;
+ a  |  b  |  c   | a  |  b  |  c   
+----+-----+------+----+-----+------
+ -1 | 126 | 0006 | -1 | 126 | 0006
+ -1 | 129 | 0009 | -1 | 129 | 0009
+ -1 | 133 | 0003 | -1 | 133 | 0003
+ -1 | 134 | 0004 | -1 | 134 | 0004
+ -1 | 136 | 0006 | -1 | 136 | 0006
+ -1 | 139 | 0009 | -1 | 139 | 0009
+ -1 | 143 | 0003 | -1 | 143 | 0003
+ -1 | 144 | 0004 | -1 | 144 | 0004
+ -1 | 146 | 0006 | -1 | 146 | 0006
+ -1 | 149 | 0009 | -1 | 149 | 0009
+ -1 | 203 | 0003 | -1 | 203 | 0003
+ -1 | 204 | 0004 | -1 | 204 | 0004
+ -1 | 206 | 0006 | -1 | 206 | 0006
+ -1 | 209 | 0009 | -1 | 209 | 0009
+ -1 | 213 | 0003 | -1 | 213 | 0003
+ -1 | 214 | 0004 | -1 | 214 | 0004
+ -1 | 216 | 0006 | -1 | 216 | 0006
+ -1 | 219 | 0009 | -1 | 219 | 0009
+ -1 | 223 | 0003 | -1 | 223 | 0003
+ -1 | 224 | 0004 | -1 | 224 | 0004
+  1 | 126 | 0006 |  1 | 126 | 0006
+  1 | 129 | 0009 |  1 | 129 | 0009
+  1 | 133 | 0003 |  1 | 133 | 0003
+  1 | 134 | 0004 |  1 | 134 | 0004
+  1 | 136 | 0006 |  1 | 136 | 0006
+  1 | 139 | 0009 |  1 | 139 | 0009
+  1 | 143 | 0003 |  1 | 143 | 0003
+  1 | 144 | 0004 |  1 | 144 | 0004
+  1 | 146 | 0006 |  1 | 146 | 0006
+  1 | 149 | 0009 |  1 | 149 | 0009
+  1 | 203 | 0003 |  1 | 203 | 0003
+  1 | 204 | 0004 |  1 | 204 | 0004
+  1 | 206 | 0006 |  1 | 206 | 0006
+  1 | 209 | 0009 |  1 | 209 | 0009
+  1 | 213 | 0003 |  1 | 213 | 0003
+  1 | 214 | 0004 |  1 | 214 | 0004
+  1 | 216 | 0006 |  1 | 216 | 0006
+  1 | 219 | 0009 |  1 | 219 | 0009
+  1 | 223 | 0003 |  1 | 223 | 0003
+  1 | 224 | 0004 |  1 | 224 | 0004
+(40 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE ((t1.b >= 100 AND t1.b < 110) OR (t1.b >= 200 AND t1.b < 210)) AND ((t2.b >= 100 AND t2.b < 110) OR (t2.b >= 200 AND t2.b < 210)) AND t1.c IN ('0004', '0009') ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b, t2.b;
+                                                              QUERY PLAN                                                              
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t1.b, t2.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.a) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on alpha_neg_p1 t1_2
+                           Filter: ((c = ANY ('{0004,0009}'::text[])) AND (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210))))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on alpha_neg_p2 t1_3
+                           Filter: ((c = ANY ('{0004,0009}'::text[])) AND (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210))))
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Seq Scan on beta_neg_p1 t2_2
+                                 Filter: (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210)))
+                           ->  Seq Scan on beta_neg_p2 t2_3
+                                 Filter: (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210)))
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Join Filter: ((t1_4.a = t2_4.a) AND (t1_4.c = t2_4.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on alpha_pos_p2 t1_4
+                     Filter: ((c = ANY ('{0004,0009}'::text[])) AND (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210))))
+               ->  Seq Scan on beta_pos_p2 t2_4
+                     Filter: (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210)))
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Join Filter: ((t1_5.a = t2_5.a) AND (t1_5.c = t2_5.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on alpha_pos_p3 t1_5
+                     Filter: ((c = ANY ('{0004,0009}'::text[])) AND (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210))))
+               ->  Seq Scan on beta_pos_p3 t2_5
+                     Filter: (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210)))
+(28 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE ((t1.b >= 100 AND t1.b < 110) OR (t1.b >= 200 AND t1.b < 210)) AND ((t2.b >= 100 AND t2.b < 110) OR (t2.b >= 200 AND t2.b < 210)) AND t1.c IN ('0004', '0009') ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b, t2.b;
+ a  |  b  |  c   | a  |  b  |  c   
+----+-----+------+----+-----+------
+ -1 | 104 | 0004 | -1 | 104 | 0004
+ -1 | 104 | 0004 | -1 | 204 | 0004
+ -1 | 109 | 0009 | -1 | 109 | 0009
+ -1 | 109 | 0009 | -1 | 209 | 0009
+ -1 | 204 | 0004 | -1 | 104 | 0004
+ -1 | 204 | 0004 | -1 | 204 | 0004
+ -1 | 209 | 0009 | -1 | 109 | 0009
+ -1 | 209 | 0009 | -1 | 209 | 0009
+  1 | 104 | 0004 |  1 | 104 | 0004
+  1 | 104 | 0004 |  1 | 204 | 0004
+  1 | 109 | 0009 |  1 | 109 | 0009
+  1 | 109 | 0009 |  1 | 209 | 0009
+  1 | 204 | 0004 |  1 | 104 | 0004
+  1 | 204 | 0004 |  1 | 204 | 0004
+  1 | 209 | 0009 |  1 | 109 | 0009
+  1 | 209 | 0009 |  1 | 209 | 0009
+(16 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE ((t1.b >= 100 AND t1.b < 110) OR (t1.b >= 200 AND t1.b < 210)) AND ((t2.b >= 100 AND t2.b < 110) OR (t2.b >= 200 AND t2.b < 210)) AND t1.c IN ('0004', '0009') ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b;
+                                                           QUERY PLAN                                                           
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: t1.a, t1.b
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_1.a = t2_1.a) AND (t1_1.b = t2_1.b) AND (t1_1.c = t2_1.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on alpha_neg_p1 t1_1
+                     Filter: ((c = ANY ('{0004,0009}'::text[])) AND (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210))))
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on beta_neg_p1 t2_1
+                           Filter: (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210)))
+         ->  Hash Join
+               Hash Cond: ((t1_2.a = t2_2.a) AND (t1_2.b = t2_2.b) AND (t1_2.c = t2_2.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on alpha_neg_p2 t1_2
+                     Filter: ((c = ANY ('{0004,0009}'::text[])) AND (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210))))
+               ->  Hash
+                     ->  Seq Scan on beta_neg_p2 t2_2
+                           Filter: (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210)))
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Join Filter: ((t1_3.a = t2_3.a) AND (t1_3.b = t2_3.b) AND (t1_3.c = t2_3.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on alpha_pos_p2 t1_3
+                     Filter: ((c = ANY ('{0004,0009}'::text[])) AND (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210))))
+               ->  Seq Scan on beta_pos_p2 t2_3
+                     Filter: (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210)))
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               Join Filter: ((t1_4.a = t2_4.a) AND (t1_4.b = t2_4.b) AND (t1_4.c = t2_4.c))
+               ->  Seq Scan on alpha_pos_p3 t1_4
+                     Filter: ((c = ANY ('{0004,0009}'::text[])) AND (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210))))
+               ->  Seq Scan on beta_pos_p3 t2_4
+                     Filter: (((b >= 100) AND (b < 110)) OR ((b >= 200) AND (b < 210)))
+(29 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE ((t1.b >= 100 AND t1.b < 110) OR (t1.b >= 200 AND t1.b < 210)) AND ((t2.b >= 100 AND t2.b < 110) OR (t2.b >= 200 AND t2.b < 210)) AND t1.c IN ('0004', '0009') ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b;
+ a  |  b  |  c   | a  |  b  |  c   
+----+-----+------+----+-----+------
+ -1 | 104 | 0004 | -1 | 104 | 0004
+ -1 | 109 | 0009 | -1 | 109 | 0009
+ -1 | 204 | 0004 | -1 | 204 | 0004
+ -1 | 209 | 0009 | -1 | 209 | 0009
+  1 | 104 | 0004 |  1 | 104 | 0004
+  1 | 109 | 0009 |  1 | 109 | 0009
+  1 | 204 | 0004 |  1 | 204 | 0004
+  1 | 209 | 0009 |  1 | 209 | 0009
+(8 rows)
+
+-- partitionwise join with fractional paths
+CREATE TABLE fract_t (id BIGINT, PRIMARY KEY (id)) PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+CREATE TABLE fract_t0 PARTITION OF fract_t FOR VALUES FROM ('0') TO ('1000');
+CREATE TABLE fract_t1 PARTITION OF fract_t FOR VALUES FROM ('1000') TO ('2000');
+-- insert data
+INSERT INTO fract_t (id) (SELECT generate_series(0, 1999));
+ANALYZE fract_t;
+-- verify plan; nested index only scans
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+SET enable_partitionwise_join = on;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM fract_t x LEFT JOIN fract_t y USING (id) ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 10;
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Merge Append
+         Sort Key: x.id
+         ->  Merge Left Join
+               Merge Cond: (x_1.id = y_1.id)
+               ->  Index Only Scan using fract_t0_pkey on fract_t0 x_1
+               ->  Index Only Scan using fract_t0_pkey on fract_t0 y_1
+         ->  Merge Left Join
+               Merge Cond: (x_2.id = y_2.id)
+               ->  Index Only Scan using fract_t1_pkey on fract_t1 x_2
+               ->  Index Only Scan using fract_t1_pkey on fract_t1 y_2
+(11 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM fract_t x LEFT JOIN fract_t y USING (id) ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 10;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Merge Append
+         Sort Key: x.id DESC
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Index Only Scan Backward using fract_t0_pkey on fract_t0 x_1
+               ->  Index Only Scan using fract_t0_pkey on fract_t0 y_1
+                     Index Cond: (id = x_1.id)
+         ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+               ->  Index Only Scan Backward using fract_t1_pkey on fract_t1 x_2
+               ->  Index Only Scan using fract_t1_pkey on fract_t1 y_2
+                     Index Cond: (id = x_2.id)
+(11 rows)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP TABLE fract_t;
+RESET max_parallel_workers_per_gather;
+RESET enable_partitionwise_join;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/partition_prune.out b/src/test/regress/expected/partition_prune.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5bc6c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/partition_prune.out
@@ -0,0 +1,4287 @@
+--
+-- Test partitioning planner code
+--
+-- Force generic plans to be used for all prepared statements in this file.
+set plan_cache_mode = force_generic_plan;
+create table lp (a char) partition by list (a);
+create table lp_default partition of lp default;
+create table lp_ef partition of lp for values in ('e', 'f');
+create table lp_ad partition of lp for values in ('a', 'd');
+create table lp_bc partition of lp for values in ('b', 'c');
+create table lp_g partition of lp for values in ('g');
+create table lp_null partition of lp for values in (null);
+explain (costs off) select * from lp;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ad lp_1
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_bc lp_2
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ef lp_3
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_g lp_4
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_null lp_5
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_default lp_6
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a > 'a' and a < 'd';
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_bc lp_1
+         Filter: ((a > 'a'::bpchar) AND (a < 'd'::bpchar))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_default lp_2
+         Filter: ((a > 'a'::bpchar) AND (a < 'd'::bpchar))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a > 'a' and a <= 'd';
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ad lp_1
+         Filter: ((a > 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <= 'd'::bpchar))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_bc lp_2
+         Filter: ((a > 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <= 'd'::bpchar))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_default lp_3
+         Filter: ((a > 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <= 'd'::bpchar))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a = 'a';
+         QUERY PLAN          
+-----------------------------
+ Seq Scan on lp_ad lp
+   Filter: (a = 'a'::bpchar)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where 'a' = a;	/* commuted */
+         QUERY PLAN          
+-----------------------------
+ Seq Scan on lp_ad lp
+   Filter: ('a'::bpchar = a)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a is not null;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ad lp_1
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_bc lp_2
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ef lp_3
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_g lp_4
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_default lp_5
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+(11 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a is null;
+       QUERY PLAN       
+------------------------
+ Seq Scan on lp_null lp
+   Filter: (a IS NULL)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a = 'a' or a = 'c';
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ad lp_1
+         Filter: ((a = 'a'::bpchar) OR (a = 'c'::bpchar))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_bc lp_2
+         Filter: ((a = 'a'::bpchar) OR (a = 'c'::bpchar))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a is not null and (a = 'a' or a = 'c');
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ad lp_1
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND ((a = 'a'::bpchar) OR (a = 'c'::bpchar)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_bc lp_2
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND ((a = 'a'::bpchar) OR (a = 'c'::bpchar)))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a <> 'g';
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ad lp_1
+         Filter: (a <> 'g'::bpchar)
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_bc lp_2
+         Filter: (a <> 'g'::bpchar)
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ef lp_3
+         Filter: (a <> 'g'::bpchar)
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_default lp_4
+         Filter: (a <> 'g'::bpchar)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a <> 'a' and a <> 'd';
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_bc lp_1
+         Filter: ((a <> 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <> 'd'::bpchar))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ef lp_2
+         Filter: ((a <> 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <> 'd'::bpchar))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_g lp_3
+         Filter: ((a <> 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <> 'd'::bpchar))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_default lp_4
+         Filter: ((a <> 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <> 'd'::bpchar))
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a not in ('a', 'd');
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_bc lp_1
+         Filter: (a <> ALL ('{a,d}'::bpchar[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ef lp_2
+         Filter: (a <> ALL ('{a,d}'::bpchar[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_g lp_3
+         Filter: (a <> ALL ('{a,d}'::bpchar[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_default lp_4
+         Filter: (a <> ALL ('{a,d}'::bpchar[]))
+(9 rows)
+
+-- collation matches the partitioning collation, pruning works
+create table coll_pruning (a text collate "C") partition by list (a);
+create table coll_pruning_a partition of coll_pruning for values in ('a');
+create table coll_pruning_b partition of coll_pruning for values in ('b');
+create table coll_pruning_def partition of coll_pruning default;
+explain (costs off) select * from coll_pruning where a collate "C" = 'a' collate "C";
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on coll_pruning_a coll_pruning
+   Filter: (a = 'a'::text COLLATE "C")
+(2 rows)
+
+-- collation doesn't match the partitioning collation, no pruning occurs
+explain (costs off) select * from coll_pruning where a collate "POSIX" = 'a' collate "POSIX";
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on coll_pruning_a coll_pruning_1
+         Filter: ((a)::text = 'a'::text COLLATE "POSIX")
+   ->  Seq Scan on coll_pruning_b coll_pruning_2
+         Filter: ((a)::text = 'a'::text COLLATE "POSIX")
+   ->  Seq Scan on coll_pruning_def coll_pruning_3
+         Filter: ((a)::text = 'a'::text COLLATE "POSIX")
+(7 rows)
+
+create table rlp (a int, b varchar) partition by range (a);
+create table rlp_default partition of rlp default partition by list (a);
+create table rlp_default_default partition of rlp_default default;
+create table rlp_default_10 partition of rlp_default for values in (10);
+create table rlp_default_30 partition of rlp_default for values in (30);
+create table rlp_default_null partition of rlp_default for values in (null);
+create table rlp1 partition of rlp for values from (minvalue) to (1);
+create table rlp2 partition of rlp for values from (1) to (10);
+create table rlp3 (b varchar, a int) partition by list (b varchar_ops);
+create table rlp3_default partition of rlp3 default;
+create table rlp3abcd partition of rlp3 for values in ('ab', 'cd');
+create table rlp3efgh partition of rlp3 for values in ('ef', 'gh');
+create table rlp3nullxy partition of rlp3 for values in (null, 'xy');
+alter table rlp attach partition rlp3 for values from (15) to (20);
+create table rlp4 partition of rlp for values from (20) to (30) partition by range (a);
+create table rlp4_default partition of rlp4 default;
+create table rlp4_1 partition of rlp4 for values from (20) to (25);
+create table rlp4_2 partition of rlp4 for values from (25) to (29);
+create table rlp5 partition of rlp for values from (31) to (maxvalue) partition by range (a);
+create table rlp5_default partition of rlp5 default;
+create table rlp5_1 partition of rlp5 for values from (31) to (40);
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a < 1;
+      QUERY PLAN      
+----------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp1 rlp
+   Filter: (a < 1)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where 1 > a;	/* commuted */
+      QUERY PLAN      
+----------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp1 rlp
+   Filter: (1 > a)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a <= 1;
+          QUERY PLAN          
+------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp1 rlp_1
+         Filter: (a <= 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp_2
+         Filter: (a <= 1)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1;
+      QUERY PLAN      
+----------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp
+   Filter: (a = 1)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1::bigint;		/* same as above */
+         QUERY PLAN          
+-----------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp
+   Filter: (a = '1'::bigint)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1::numeric;		/* no pruning */
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp1 rlp_1
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp_2
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_3
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3efgh rlp_4
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3nullxy rlp_5
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp_6
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_1 rlp_7
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_2 rlp_8
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_default rlp_9
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_1 rlp_10
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_default rlp_11
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_10 rlp_12
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_30 rlp_13
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_null rlp_14
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_15
+         Filter: ((a)::numeric = '1'::numeric)
+(31 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a <= 10;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp1 rlp_1
+         Filter: (a <= 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp_2
+         Filter: (a <= 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_10 rlp_3
+         Filter: (a <= 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_4
+         Filter: (a <= 10)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 10;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_1
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3efgh rlp_2
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3nullxy rlp_3
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp_4
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_1 rlp_5
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_2 rlp_6
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_default rlp_7
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_1 rlp_8
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_default rlp_9
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_30 rlp_10
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_11
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+(23 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a < 15;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp1 rlp_1
+         Filter: (a < 15)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp_2
+         Filter: (a < 15)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_10 rlp_3
+         Filter: (a < 15)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_4
+         Filter: (a < 15)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a <= 15;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp1 rlp_1
+         Filter: (a <= 15)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp_2
+         Filter: (a <= 15)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_3
+         Filter: (a <= 15)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3efgh rlp_4
+         Filter: (a <= 15)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3nullxy rlp_5
+         Filter: (a <= 15)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp_6
+         Filter: (a <= 15)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_10 rlp_7
+         Filter: (a <= 15)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_8
+         Filter: (a <= 15)
+(17 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 15 and b = 'ab';
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_1
+         Filter: ((a > 15) AND ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_1 rlp_2
+         Filter: ((a > 15) AND ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_2 rlp_3
+         Filter: ((a > 15) AND ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_default rlp_4
+         Filter: ((a > 15) AND ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_1 rlp_5
+         Filter: ((a > 15) AND ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_default rlp_6
+         Filter: ((a > 15) AND ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_30 rlp_7
+         Filter: ((a > 15) AND ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_8
+         Filter: ((a > 15) AND ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+(17 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_1
+         Filter: (a = 16)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3efgh rlp_2
+         Filter: (a = 16)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3nullxy rlp_3
+         Filter: (a = 16)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp_4
+         Filter: (a = 16)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16 and b in ('not', 'in', 'here');
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp
+   Filter: ((a = 16) AND ((b)::text = ANY ('{not,in,here}'::text[])))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16 and b < 'ab';
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp
+   Filter: (((b)::text < 'ab'::text) AND (a = 16))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16 and b <= 'ab';
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_1
+         Filter: (((b)::text <= 'ab'::text) AND (a = 16))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp_2
+         Filter: (((b)::text <= 'ab'::text) AND (a = 16))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16 and b is null;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp3nullxy rlp
+   Filter: ((b IS NULL) AND (a = 16))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16 and b is not null;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_1
+         Filter: ((b IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 16))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3efgh rlp_2
+         Filter: ((b IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 16))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3nullxy rlp_3
+         Filter: ((b IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 16))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp_4
+         Filter: ((b IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 16))
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a is null;
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp_default_null rlp
+   Filter: (a IS NULL)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a is not null;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp1 rlp_1
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp_2
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_3
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3efgh rlp_4
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3nullxy rlp_5
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp_6
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_1 rlp_7
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_2 rlp_8
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_default rlp_9
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_1 rlp_10
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_default rlp_11
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_10 rlp_12
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_30 rlp_13
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_14
+         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
+(29 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 30;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_1 rlp_1
+         Filter: (a > 30)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_default rlp_2
+         Filter: (a > 30)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_3
+         Filter: (a > 30)
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 30;	/* only default is scanned */
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp_default_30 rlp
+   Filter: (a = 30)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a <= 31;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp1 rlp_1
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp_2
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_3
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3efgh rlp_4
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3nullxy rlp_5
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp_6
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_1 rlp_7
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_2 rlp_8
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_default rlp_9
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_1 rlp_10
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_10 rlp_11
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_30 rlp_12
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_13
+         Filter: (a <= 31)
+(27 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1 or a = 7;
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp
+   Filter: ((a = 1) OR (a = 7))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1 or b = 'ab';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp1 rlp_1
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp_2
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_3
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_1 rlp_4
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_2 rlp_5
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_default rlp_6
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_1 rlp_7
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_default rlp_8
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_10 rlp_9
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_30 rlp_10
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_null rlp_11
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_12
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR ((b)::text = 'ab'::text))
+(25 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 20 and a < 27;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_1 rlp_1
+         Filter: ((a > 20) AND (a < 27))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_2 rlp_2
+         Filter: ((a > 20) AND (a < 27))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 29;
+          QUERY PLAN          
+------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp4_default rlp
+   Filter: (a = 29)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a >= 29;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_default rlp_1
+         Filter: (a >= 29)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_1 rlp_2
+         Filter: (a >= 29)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_default rlp_3
+         Filter: (a >= 29)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_30 rlp_4
+         Filter: (a >= 29)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_5
+         Filter: (a >= 29)
+(11 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a < 1 or (a > 20 and a < 25);
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp1 rlp_1
+         Filter: ((a < 1) OR ((a > 20) AND (a < 25)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_1 rlp_2
+         Filter: ((a < 1) OR ((a > 20) AND (a < 25)))
+(5 rows)
+
+-- where clause contradicts sub-partition's constraint
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 20 or a = 40;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_1 rlp_1
+         Filter: ((a = 20) OR (a = 40))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_default rlp_2
+         Filter: ((a = 20) OR (a = 40))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp3 where a = 20;   /* empty */
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+-- redundant clauses are eliminated
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 1 and a = 10;	/* only default */
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rlp_default_10 rlp
+   Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a = 10))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 1 and a >=15;	/* rlp3 onwards, including default */
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_1
+         Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a >= 15))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3efgh rlp_2
+         Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a >= 15))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3nullxy rlp_3
+         Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a >= 15))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp_4
+         Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a >= 15))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_1 rlp_5
+         Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a >= 15))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_2 rlp_6
+         Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a >= 15))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp4_default rlp_7
+         Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a >= 15))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_1 rlp_8
+         Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a >= 15))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp5_default rlp_9
+         Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a >= 15))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_30 rlp_10
+         Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a >= 15))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp_default_default rlp_11
+         Filter: ((a > 1) AND (a >= 15))
+(23 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1 and a = 3;	/* empty */
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where (a = 1 and a = 3) or (a > 1 and a = 15);
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp2 rlp_1
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (a = 3)) OR ((a > 1) AND (a = 15)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3abcd rlp_2
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (a = 3)) OR ((a > 1) AND (a = 15)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3efgh rlp_3
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (a = 3)) OR ((a > 1) AND (a = 15)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3nullxy rlp_4
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (a = 3)) OR ((a > 1) AND (a = 15)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp_5
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (a = 3)) OR ((a > 1) AND (a = 15)))
+(11 rows)
+
+-- multi-column keys
+create table mc3p (a int, b int, c int) partition by range (a, abs(b), c);
+create table mc3p_default partition of mc3p default;
+create table mc3p0 partition of mc3p for values from (minvalue, minvalue, minvalue) to (1, 1, 1);
+create table mc3p1 partition of mc3p for values from (1, 1, 1) to (10, 5, 10);
+create table mc3p2 partition of mc3p for values from (10, 5, 10) to (10, 10, 10);
+create table mc3p3 partition of mc3p for values from (10, 10, 10) to (10, 10, 20);
+create table mc3p4 partition of mc3p for values from (10, 10, 20) to (10, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+create table mc3p5 partition of mc3p for values from (11, 1, 1) to (20, 10, 10);
+create table mc3p6 partition of mc3p for values from (20, 10, 10) to (20, 20, 20);
+create table mc3p7 partition of mc3p for values from (20, 20, 20) to (maxvalue, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 1;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_3
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 1 and abs(b) < 1;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1
+         Filter: ((a = 1) AND (abs(b) < 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_2
+         Filter: ((a = 1) AND (abs(b) < 1))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 1 and abs(b) = 1;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1
+         Filter: ((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2
+         Filter: ((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_3
+         Filter: ((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 1 and abs(b) = 1 and c < 8;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1
+         Filter: ((c < 8) AND (a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2
+         Filter: ((c < 8) AND (a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 10 and abs(b) between 5 and 35;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_1
+         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) >= 5) AND (abs(b) <= 35))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p2 mc3p_2
+         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) >= 5) AND (abs(b) <= 35))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p3 mc3p_3
+         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) >= 5) AND (abs(b) <= 35))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p4 mc3p_4
+         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) >= 5) AND (abs(b) <= 35))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_5
+         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) >= 5) AND (abs(b) <= 35))
+(11 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a > 10;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p5 mc3p_1
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p6 mc3p_2
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p7 mc3p_3
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_4
+         Filter: (a > 10)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a >= 10;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_1
+         Filter: (a >= 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p2 mc3p_2
+         Filter: (a >= 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p3 mc3p_3
+         Filter: (a >= 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p4 mc3p_4
+         Filter: (a >= 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p5 mc3p_5
+         Filter: (a >= 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p6 mc3p_6
+         Filter: (a >= 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p7 mc3p_7
+         Filter: (a >= 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_8
+         Filter: (a >= 10)
+(17 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a < 10;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1
+         Filter: (a < 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2
+         Filter: (a < 10)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_3
+         Filter: (a < 10)
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a <= 10 and abs(b) < 10;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1
+         Filter: ((a <= 10) AND (abs(b) < 10))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2
+         Filter: ((a <= 10) AND (abs(b) < 10))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p2 mc3p_3
+         Filter: ((a <= 10) AND (abs(b) < 10))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_4
+         Filter: ((a <= 10) AND (abs(b) < 10))
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 11 and abs(b) = 0;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p
+   Filter: ((a = 11) AND (abs(b) = 0))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 20 and abs(b) = 10 and c = 100;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mc3p6 mc3p
+   Filter: ((a = 20) AND (c = 100) AND (abs(b) = 10))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a > 20;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p7 mc3p_1
+         Filter: (a > 20)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_2
+         Filter: (a > 20)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a >= 20;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p5 mc3p_1
+         Filter: (a >= 20)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p6 mc3p_2
+         Filter: (a >= 20)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p7 mc3p_3
+         Filter: (a >= 20)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_4
+         Filter: (a >= 20)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where (a = 1 and abs(b) = 1 and c = 1) or (a = 10 and abs(b) = 5 and c = 10) or (a > 11 and a < 20);
+                                                           QUERY PLAN                                                            
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_1
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p2 mc3p_2
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p5 mc3p_3
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_4
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)))
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where (a = 1 and abs(b) = 1 and c = 1) or (a = 10 and abs(b) = 5 and c = 10) or (a > 11 and a < 20) or a < 1;
+                                                                 QUERY PLAN                                                                 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)) OR (a < 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)) OR (a < 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p2 mc3p_3
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)) OR (a < 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p5 mc3p_4
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)) OR (a < 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_5
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)) OR (a < 1))
+(11 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where (a = 1 and abs(b) = 1 and c = 1) or (a = 10 and abs(b) = 5 and c = 10) or (a > 11 and a < 20) or a < 1 or a = 1;
+                                                                      QUERY PLAN                                                                       
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)) OR (a < 1) OR (a = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)) OR (a < 1) OR (a = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p2 mc3p_3
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)) OR (a < 1) OR (a = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p5 mc3p_4
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)) OR (a < 1) OR (a = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_5
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1) AND (c = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5) AND (c = 10)) OR ((a > 11) AND (a < 20)) OR (a < 1) OR (a = 1))
+(11 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 1 or abs(b) = 1 or c = 1;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR (abs(b) = 1) OR (c = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR (abs(b) = 1) OR (c = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p2 mc3p_3
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR (abs(b) = 1) OR (c = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p3 mc3p_4
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR (abs(b) = 1) OR (c = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p4 mc3p_5
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR (abs(b) = 1) OR (c = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p5 mc3p_6
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR (abs(b) = 1) OR (c = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p6 mc3p_7
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR (abs(b) = 1) OR (c = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p7 mc3p_8
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR (abs(b) = 1) OR (c = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_9
+         Filter: ((a = 1) OR (abs(b) = 1) OR (c = 1))
+(19 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where (a = 1 and abs(b) = 1) or (a = 10 and abs(b) = 10);
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 10)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 10)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p2 mc3p_3
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 10)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p3 mc3p_4
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 10)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p4 mc3p_5
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 10)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_6
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 10)))
+(13 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where (a = 1 and abs(b) = 1) or (a = 10 and abs(b) = 9);
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 9)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 9)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p2 mc3p_3
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 9)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default mc3p_4
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1)) OR ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 9)))
+(9 rows)
+
+-- a simpler multi-column keys case
+create table mc2p (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+create table mc2p_default partition of mc2p default;
+create table mc2p0 partition of mc2p for values from (minvalue, minvalue) to (1, minvalue);
+create table mc2p1 partition of mc2p for values from (1, minvalue) to (1, 1);
+create table mc2p2 partition of mc2p for values from (1, 1) to (2, minvalue);
+create table mc2p3 partition of mc2p for values from (2, minvalue) to (2, 1);
+create table mc2p4 partition of mc2p for values from (2, 1) to (2, maxvalue);
+create table mc2p5 partition of mc2p for values from (2, maxvalue) to (maxvalue, maxvalue);
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a < 2;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc2p0 mc2p_1
+         Filter: (a < 2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc2p1 mc2p_2
+         Filter: (a < 2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc2p2 mc2p_3
+         Filter: (a < 2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc2p_default mc2p_4
+         Filter: (a < 2)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a = 2 and b < 1;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mc2p3 mc2p
+   Filter: ((b < 1) AND (a = 2))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a > 1;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc2p2 mc2p_1
+         Filter: (a > 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc2p3 mc2p_2
+         Filter: (a > 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc2p4 mc2p_3
+         Filter: (a > 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc2p5 mc2p_4
+         Filter: (a > 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc2p_default mc2p_5
+         Filter: (a > 1)
+(11 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a = 1 and b > 1;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mc2p2 mc2p
+   Filter: ((b > 1) AND (a = 1))
+(2 rows)
+
+-- all partitions but the default one should be pruned
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a = 1 and b is null;
+             QUERY PLAN              
+-------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mc2p_default mc2p
+   Filter: ((b IS NULL) AND (a = 1))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a is null and b is null;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mc2p_default mc2p
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (b IS NULL))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a is null and b = 1;
+             QUERY PLAN              
+-------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mc2p_default mc2p
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (b = 1))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a is null;
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mc2p_default mc2p
+   Filter: (a IS NULL)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where b is null;
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on mc2p_default mc2p
+   Filter: (b IS NULL)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- boolean partitioning
+create table boolpart (a bool) partition by list (a);
+create table boolpart_default partition of boolpart default;
+create table boolpart_t partition of boolpart for values in ('true');
+create table boolpart_f partition of boolpart for values in ('false');
+insert into boolpart values (true), (false), (null);
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a in (true, false);
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_f boolpart_1
+         Filter: (a = ANY ('{t,f}'::boolean[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_t boolpart_2
+         Filter: (a = ANY ('{t,f}'::boolean[]))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a = false;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on boolpart_f boolpart
+   Filter: (NOT a)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where not a = false;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on boolpart_t boolpart
+   Filter: a
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a is true or a is not true;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_f boolpart_1
+         Filter: ((a IS TRUE) OR (a IS NOT TRUE))
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_t boolpart_2
+         Filter: ((a IS TRUE) OR (a IS NOT TRUE))
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_default boolpart_3
+         Filter: ((a IS TRUE) OR (a IS NOT TRUE))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a is not true;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_f boolpart_1
+         Filter: (a IS NOT TRUE)
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_default boolpart_2
+         Filter: (a IS NOT TRUE)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a is not true and a is not false;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on boolpart_default boolpart
+   Filter: ((a IS NOT TRUE) AND (a IS NOT FALSE))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a is unknown;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_f boolpart_1
+         Filter: (a IS UNKNOWN)
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_t boolpart_2
+         Filter: (a IS UNKNOWN)
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_default boolpart_3
+         Filter: (a IS UNKNOWN)
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a is not unknown;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_f boolpart_1
+         Filter: (a IS NOT UNKNOWN)
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_t boolpart_2
+         Filter: (a IS NOT UNKNOWN)
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolpart_default boolpart_3
+         Filter: (a IS NOT UNKNOWN)
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from boolpart where a in (true, false);
+ a 
+---
+ f
+ t
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from boolpart where a = false;
+ a 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select * from boolpart where not a = false;
+ a 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select * from boolpart where a is true or a is not true;
+ a 
+---
+ f
+ t
+ 
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from boolpart where a is not true;
+ a 
+---
+ f
+ 
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from boolpart where a is not true and a is not false;
+ a 
+---
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from boolpart where a is unknown;
+ a 
+---
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from boolpart where a is not unknown;
+ a 
+---
+ f
+ t
+(2 rows)
+
+-- inverse boolean partitioning - a seemingly unlikely design, but we've got
+-- code for it, so we'd better test it.
+create table iboolpart (a bool) partition by list ((not a));
+create table iboolpart_default partition of iboolpart default;
+create table iboolpart_f partition of iboolpart for values in ('true');
+create table iboolpart_t partition of iboolpart for values in ('false');
+insert into iboolpart values (true), (false), (null);
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a in (true, false);
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_t iboolpart_1
+         Filter: (a = ANY ('{t,f}'::boolean[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_f iboolpart_2
+         Filter: (a = ANY ('{t,f}'::boolean[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_default iboolpart_3
+         Filter: (a = ANY ('{t,f}'::boolean[]))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a = false;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on iboolpart_f iboolpart
+   Filter: (NOT a)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where not a = false;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on iboolpart_t iboolpart
+   Filter: a
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a is true or a is not true;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_t iboolpart_1
+         Filter: ((a IS TRUE) OR (a IS NOT TRUE))
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_f iboolpart_2
+         Filter: ((a IS TRUE) OR (a IS NOT TRUE))
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_default iboolpart_3
+         Filter: ((a IS TRUE) OR (a IS NOT TRUE))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a is not true;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_t iboolpart_1
+         Filter: (a IS NOT TRUE)
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_f iboolpart_2
+         Filter: (a IS NOT TRUE)
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_default iboolpart_3
+         Filter: (a IS NOT TRUE)
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a is not true and a is not false;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_t iboolpart_1
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT TRUE) AND (a IS NOT FALSE))
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_f iboolpart_2
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT TRUE) AND (a IS NOT FALSE))
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_default iboolpart_3
+         Filter: ((a IS NOT TRUE) AND (a IS NOT FALSE))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a is unknown;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_t iboolpart_1
+         Filter: (a IS UNKNOWN)
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_f iboolpart_2
+         Filter: (a IS UNKNOWN)
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_default iboolpart_3
+         Filter: (a IS UNKNOWN)
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a is not unknown;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_t iboolpart_1
+         Filter: (a IS NOT UNKNOWN)
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_f iboolpart_2
+         Filter: (a IS NOT UNKNOWN)
+   ->  Seq Scan on iboolpart_default iboolpart_3
+         Filter: (a IS NOT UNKNOWN)
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from iboolpart where a in (true, false);
+ a 
+---
+ t
+ f
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from iboolpart where a = false;
+ a 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select * from iboolpart where not a = false;
+ a 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select * from iboolpart where a is true or a is not true;
+ a 
+---
+ t
+ f
+ 
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from iboolpart where a is not true;
+ a 
+---
+ f
+ 
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from iboolpart where a is not true and a is not false;
+ a 
+---
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from iboolpart where a is unknown;
+ a 
+---
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from iboolpart where a is not unknown;
+ a 
+---
+ t
+ f
+(2 rows)
+
+create table boolrangep (a bool, b bool, c int) partition by range (a,b,c);
+create table boolrangep_tf partition of boolrangep for values from ('true', 'false', 0) to ('true', 'false', 100);
+create table boolrangep_ft partition of boolrangep for values from ('false', 'true', 0) to ('false', 'true', 100);
+create table boolrangep_ff1 partition of boolrangep for values from ('false', 'false', 0) to ('false', 'false', 50);
+create table boolrangep_ff2 partition of boolrangep for values from ('false', 'false', 50) to ('false', 'false', 100);
+-- try a more complex case that's been known to trip up pruning in the past
+explain (costs off)  select * from boolrangep where not a and not b and c = 25;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on boolrangep_ff1 boolrangep
+   Filter: ((NOT a) AND (NOT b) AND (c = 25))
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test scalar-to-array operators
+create table coercepart (a varchar) partition by list (a);
+create table coercepart_ab partition of coercepart for values in ('ab');
+create table coercepart_bc partition of coercepart for values in ('bc');
+create table coercepart_cd partition of coercepart for values in ('cd');
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a in ('ab', to_char(125, '999'));
+                                                          QUERY PLAN                                                          
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_ab coercepart_1
+         Filter: ((a)::text = ANY ((ARRAY['ab'::character varying, (to_char(125, '999'::text))::character varying])::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_bc coercepart_2
+         Filter: ((a)::text = ANY ((ARRAY['ab'::character varying, (to_char(125, '999'::text))::character varying])::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_cd coercepart_3
+         Filter: ((a)::text = ANY ((ARRAY['ab'::character varying, (to_char(125, '999'::text))::character varying])::text[]))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a ~ any ('{ab}');
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_ab coercepart_1
+         Filter: ((a)::text ~ ANY ('{ab}'::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_bc coercepart_2
+         Filter: ((a)::text ~ ANY ('{ab}'::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_cd coercepart_3
+         Filter: ((a)::text ~ ANY ('{ab}'::text[]))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a !~ all ('{ab}');
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_ab coercepart_1
+         Filter: ((a)::text !~ ALL ('{ab}'::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_bc coercepart_2
+         Filter: ((a)::text !~ ALL ('{ab}'::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_cd coercepart_3
+         Filter: ((a)::text !~ ALL ('{ab}'::text[]))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a ~ any ('{ab,bc}');
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_ab coercepart_1
+         Filter: ((a)::text ~ ANY ('{ab,bc}'::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_bc coercepart_2
+         Filter: ((a)::text ~ ANY ('{ab,bc}'::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_cd coercepart_3
+         Filter: ((a)::text ~ ANY ('{ab,bc}'::text[]))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a !~ all ('{ab,bc}');
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_ab coercepart_1
+         Filter: ((a)::text !~ ALL ('{ab,bc}'::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_bc coercepart_2
+         Filter: ((a)::text !~ ALL ('{ab,bc}'::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_cd coercepart_3
+         Filter: ((a)::text !~ ALL ('{ab,bc}'::text[]))
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = any ('{ab,bc}');
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_ab coercepart_1
+         Filter: ((a)::text = ANY ('{ab,bc}'::text[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on coercepart_bc coercepart_2
+         Filter: ((a)::text = ANY ('{ab,bc}'::text[]))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = any ('{ab,null}');
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on coercepart_ab coercepart
+   Filter: ((a)::text = ANY ('{ab,NULL}'::text[]))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = any (null::text[]);
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = all ('{ab}');
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on coercepart_ab coercepart
+   Filter: ((a)::text = ALL ('{ab}'::text[]))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = all ('{ab,bc}');
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = all ('{ab,null}');
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = all (null::text[]);
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table coercepart;
+CREATE TABLE part (a INT, b INT) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE part_p1 PARTITION OF part FOR VALUES IN (-2,-1,0,1,2);
+CREATE TABLE part_p2 PARTITION OF part DEFAULT PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE part_p2_p1 PARTITION OF part_p2 DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE part_rev (b INT, c INT, a INT);
+ALTER TABLE part ATTACH PARTITION part_rev FOR VALUES IN (3);  -- fail
+ERROR:  table "part_rev" contains column "c" not found in parent "part"
+DETAIL:  The new partition may contain only the columns present in parent.
+ALTER TABLE part_rev DROP COLUMN c;
+ALTER TABLE part ATTACH PARTITION part_rev FOR VALUES IN (3);  -- now it's ok
+INSERT INTO part VALUES (-1,-1), (1,1), (2,NULL), (NULL,-2),(NULL,NULL);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT tableoid::regclass as part, a, b FROM part WHERE a IS NULL ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: ((part.tableoid)::regclass), part.a, part.b
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_p2_p1 part
+         Filter: (a IS NULL)
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part p(x) ORDER BY x;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Output: p.x, p.b
+   Sort Key: p.x
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.part_p1 p_1
+               Output: p_1.x, p_1.b
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.part_rev p_2
+               Output: p_2.x, p_2.b
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.part_p2_p1 p_3
+               Output: p_3.x, p_3.b
+(10 rows)
+
+--
+-- some more cases
+--
+--
+-- pruning for partitioned table appearing inside a sub-query
+--
+-- pruning won't work for mc3p, because some keys are Params
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p t1, lateral (select count(*) from mc3p t2 where t2.a = t1.b and abs(t2.b) = 1 and t2.c = 1) s where t1.a = 1;
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on mc2p1 t1_1
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on mc2p2 t1_2
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on mc2p_default t1_3
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+   ->  Aggregate
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 t2_1
+                     Filter: ((a = t1.b) AND (c = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 t2_2
+                     Filter: ((a = t1.b) AND (c = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p2 t2_3
+                     Filter: ((a = t1.b) AND (c = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p3 t2_4
+                     Filter: ((a = t1.b) AND (c = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p4 t2_5
+                     Filter: ((a = t1.b) AND (c = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p5 t2_6
+                     Filter: ((a = t1.b) AND (c = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p6 t2_7
+                     Filter: ((a = t1.b) AND (c = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p7 t2_8
+                     Filter: ((a = t1.b) AND (c = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default t2_9
+                     Filter: ((a = t1.b) AND (c = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+(28 rows)
+
+-- pruning should work fine, because values for a prefix of keys (a, b) are
+-- available
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p t1, lateral (select count(*) from mc3p t2 where t2.c = t1.b and abs(t2.b) = 1 and t2.a = 1) s where t1.a = 1;
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on mc2p1 t1_1
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on mc2p2 t1_2
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on mc2p_default t1_3
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+   ->  Aggregate
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 t2_1
+                     Filter: ((c = t1.b) AND (a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 t2_2
+                     Filter: ((c = t1.b) AND (a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+               ->  Seq Scan on mc3p_default t2_3
+                     Filter: ((c = t1.b) AND (a = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+(16 rows)
+
+-- also here, because values for all keys are provided
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p t1, lateral (select count(*) from mc3p t2 where t2.a = 1 and abs(t2.b) = 1 and t2.c = 1) s where t1.a = 1;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Aggregate
+         ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 t2
+               Filter: ((a = 1) AND (c = 1) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on mc2p1 t1_1
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on mc2p2 t1_2
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on mc2p_default t1_3
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+(11 rows)
+
+--
+-- pruning with clauses containing <> operator
+--
+-- doesn't prune range partitions
+create table rp (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table rp0 partition of rp for values from (minvalue) to (1);
+create table rp1 partition of rp for values from (1) to (2);
+create table rp2 partition of rp for values from (2) to (maxvalue);
+explain (costs off) select * from rp where a <> 1;
+         QUERY PLAN         
+----------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rp0 rp_1
+         Filter: (a <> 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rp1 rp_2
+         Filter: (a <> 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on rp2 rp_3
+         Filter: (a <> 1)
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rp where a <> 1 and a <> 2;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rp0 rp_1
+         Filter: ((a <> 1) AND (a <> 2))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rp1 rp_2
+         Filter: ((a <> 1) AND (a <> 2))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rp2 rp_3
+         Filter: ((a <> 1) AND (a <> 2))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- null partition should be eliminated due to strict <> clause.
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a <> 'a';
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ad lp_1
+         Filter: (a <> 'a'::bpchar)
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_bc lp_2
+         Filter: (a <> 'a'::bpchar)
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ef lp_3
+         Filter: (a <> 'a'::bpchar)
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_g lp_4
+         Filter: (a <> 'a'::bpchar)
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_default lp_5
+         Filter: (a <> 'a'::bpchar)
+(11 rows)
+
+-- ensure we detect contradictions in clauses; a can't be NULL and NOT NULL.
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a <> 'a' and a is null;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where (a <> 'a' and a <> 'd') or a is null;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_bc lp_1
+         Filter: (((a <> 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <> 'd'::bpchar)) OR (a IS NULL))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_ef lp_2
+         Filter: (((a <> 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <> 'd'::bpchar)) OR (a IS NULL))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_g lp_3
+         Filter: (((a <> 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <> 'd'::bpchar)) OR (a IS NULL))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_null lp_4
+         Filter: (((a <> 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <> 'd'::bpchar)) OR (a IS NULL))
+   ->  Seq Scan on lp_default lp_5
+         Filter: (((a <> 'a'::bpchar) AND (a <> 'd'::bpchar)) OR (a IS NULL))
+(11 rows)
+
+-- check that it also works for a partitioned table that's not root,
+-- which in this case are partitions of rlp that are themselves
+-- list-partitioned on b
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 15 and b <> 'ab' and b <> 'cd' and b <> 'xy' and b is not null;
+                                                                QUERY PLAN                                                                
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3efgh rlp_1
+         Filter: ((b IS NOT NULL) AND ((b)::text <> 'ab'::text) AND ((b)::text <> 'cd'::text) AND ((b)::text <> 'xy'::text) AND (a = 15))
+   ->  Seq Scan on rlp3_default rlp_2
+         Filter: ((b IS NOT NULL) AND ((b)::text <> 'ab'::text) AND ((b)::text <> 'cd'::text) AND ((b)::text <> 'xy'::text) AND (a = 15))
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- different collations for different keys with same expression
+--
+create table coll_pruning_multi (a text) partition by range (substr(a, 1) collate "POSIX", substr(a, 1) collate "C");
+create table coll_pruning_multi1 partition of coll_pruning_multi for values from ('a', 'a') to ('a', 'e');
+create table coll_pruning_multi2 partition of coll_pruning_multi for values from ('a', 'e') to ('a', 'z');
+create table coll_pruning_multi3 partition of coll_pruning_multi for values from ('b', 'a') to ('b', 'e');
+-- no pruning, because no value for the leading key
+explain (costs off) select * from coll_pruning_multi where substr(a, 1) = 'e' collate "C";
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on coll_pruning_multi1 coll_pruning_multi_1
+         Filter: (substr(a, 1) = 'e'::text COLLATE "C")
+   ->  Seq Scan on coll_pruning_multi2 coll_pruning_multi_2
+         Filter: (substr(a, 1) = 'e'::text COLLATE "C")
+   ->  Seq Scan on coll_pruning_multi3 coll_pruning_multi_3
+         Filter: (substr(a, 1) = 'e'::text COLLATE "C")
+(7 rows)
+
+-- pruning, with a value provided for the leading key
+explain (costs off) select * from coll_pruning_multi where substr(a, 1) = 'a' collate "POSIX";
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on coll_pruning_multi1 coll_pruning_multi_1
+         Filter: (substr(a, 1) = 'a'::text COLLATE "POSIX")
+   ->  Seq Scan on coll_pruning_multi2 coll_pruning_multi_2
+         Filter: (substr(a, 1) = 'a'::text COLLATE "POSIX")
+(5 rows)
+
+-- pruning, with values provided for both keys
+explain (costs off) select * from coll_pruning_multi where substr(a, 1) = 'e' collate "C" and substr(a, 1) = 'a' collate "POSIX";
+                                            QUERY PLAN                                             
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on coll_pruning_multi2 coll_pruning_multi
+   Filter: ((substr(a, 1) = 'e'::text COLLATE "C") AND (substr(a, 1) = 'a'::text COLLATE "POSIX"))
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- LIKE operators don't prune
+--
+create table like_op_noprune (a text) partition by list (a);
+create table like_op_noprune1 partition of like_op_noprune for values in ('ABC');
+create table like_op_noprune2 partition of like_op_noprune for values in ('BCD');
+explain (costs off) select * from like_op_noprune where a like '%BC';
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on like_op_noprune1 like_op_noprune_1
+         Filter: (a ~~ '%BC'::text)
+   ->  Seq Scan on like_op_noprune2 like_op_noprune_2
+         Filter: (a ~~ '%BC'::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- tests wherein clause value requires a cross-type comparison function
+--
+create table lparted_by_int2 (a smallint) partition by list (a);
+create table lparted_by_int2_1 partition of lparted_by_int2 for values in (1);
+create table lparted_by_int2_16384 partition of lparted_by_int2 for values in (16384);
+explain (costs off) select * from lparted_by_int2 where a = 100000000000000;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+create table rparted_by_int2 (a smallint) partition by range (a);
+create table rparted_by_int2_1 partition of rparted_by_int2 for values from (1) to (10);
+create table rparted_by_int2_16384 partition of rparted_by_int2 for values from (10) to (16384);
+-- all partitions pruned
+explain (costs off) select * from rparted_by_int2 where a > 100000000000000;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+create table rparted_by_int2_maxvalue partition of rparted_by_int2 for values from (16384) to (maxvalue);
+-- all partitions but rparted_by_int2_maxvalue pruned
+explain (costs off) select * from rparted_by_int2 where a > 100000000000000;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rparted_by_int2_maxvalue rparted_by_int2
+   Filter: (a > '100000000000000'::bigint)
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table lp, coll_pruning, rlp, mc3p, mc2p, boolpart, iboolpart, boolrangep, rp, coll_pruning_multi, like_op_noprune, lparted_by_int2, rparted_by_int2;
+--
+-- Test Partition pruning for HASH partitioning
+--
+-- Use hand-rolled hash functions and operator classes to get predictable
+-- result on different machines.  See the definitions of
+-- part_part_test_int4_ops and part_test_text_ops in insert.sql.
+--
+create table hp (a int, b text, c int)
+  partition by hash (a part_test_int4_ops, b part_test_text_ops);
+create table hp0 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 0);
+create table hp3 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 3);
+create table hp1 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 1);
+create table hp2 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 2);
+insert into hp values (null, null, 0);
+insert into hp values (1, null, 1);
+insert into hp values (1, 'xxx', 2);
+insert into hp values (null, 'xxx', 3);
+insert into hp values (2, 'xxx', 4);
+insert into hp values (1, 'abcde', 5);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from hp order by c;
+ tableoid | a |   b   | c 
+----------+---+-------+---
+ hp0      |   |       | 0
+ hp1      | 1 |       | 1
+ hp0      | 1 | xxx   | 2
+ hp2      |   | xxx   | 3
+ hp3      | 2 | xxx   | 4
+ hp2      | 1 | abcde | 5
+(6 rows)
+
+-- partial keys won't prune, nor would non-equality conditions
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1;
+         QUERY PLAN         
+----------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp0 hp_1
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp1 hp_2
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp2 hp_3
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp3 hp_4
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where b = 'xxx';
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp0 hp_1
+         Filter: (b = 'xxx'::text)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp1 hp_2
+         Filter: (b = 'xxx'::text)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp2 hp_3
+         Filter: (b = 'xxx'::text)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp3 hp_4
+         Filter: (b = 'xxx'::text)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a is null;
+         QUERY PLAN          
+-----------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp0 hp_1
+         Filter: (a IS NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp1 hp_2
+         Filter: (a IS NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp2 hp_3
+         Filter: (a IS NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp3 hp_4
+         Filter: (a IS NULL)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where b is null;
+         QUERY PLAN          
+-----------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp0 hp_1
+         Filter: (b IS NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp1 hp_2
+         Filter: (b IS NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp2 hp_3
+         Filter: (b IS NULL)
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp3 hp_4
+         Filter: (b IS NULL)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a < 1 and b = 'xxx';
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp0 hp_1
+         Filter: ((a < 1) AND (b = 'xxx'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp1 hp_2
+         Filter: ((a < 1) AND (b = 'xxx'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp2 hp_3
+         Filter: ((a < 1) AND (b = 'xxx'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp3 hp_4
+         Filter: ((a < 1) AND (b = 'xxx'::text))
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a <> 1 and b = 'yyy';
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp0 hp_1
+         Filter: ((a <> 1) AND (b = 'yyy'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp1 hp_2
+         Filter: ((a <> 1) AND (b = 'yyy'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp2 hp_3
+         Filter: ((a <> 1) AND (b = 'yyy'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp3 hp_4
+         Filter: ((a <> 1) AND (b = 'yyy'::text))
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a <> 1 and b <> 'xxx';
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp0 hp_1
+         Filter: ((a <> 1) AND (b <> 'xxx'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp1 hp_2
+         Filter: ((a <> 1) AND (b <> 'xxx'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp2 hp_3
+         Filter: ((a <> 1) AND (b <> 'xxx'::text))
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp3 hp_4
+         Filter: ((a <> 1) AND (b <> 'xxx'::text))
+(9 rows)
+
+-- pruning should work if either a value or a IS NULL clause is provided for
+-- each of the keys
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a is null and b is null;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on hp0 hp
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (b IS NULL))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b is null;
+             QUERY PLAN              
+-------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on hp1 hp
+   Filter: ((b IS NULL) AND (a = 1))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b = 'xxx';
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on hp0 hp
+   Filter: ((a = 1) AND (b = 'xxx'::text))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a is null and b = 'xxx';
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on hp2 hp
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (b = 'xxx'::text))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 2 and b = 'xxx';
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on hp3 hp
+   Filter: ((a = 2) AND (b = 'xxx'::text))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b = 'abcde';
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on hp2 hp
+   Filter: ((a = 1) AND (b = 'abcde'::text))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where (a = 1 and b = 'abcde') or (a = 2 and b = 'xxx') or (a is null and b is null);
+                                                       QUERY PLAN                                                        
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp0 hp_1
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (b = 'abcde'::text)) OR ((a = 2) AND (b = 'xxx'::text)) OR ((a IS NULL) AND (b IS NULL)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp2 hp_2
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (b = 'abcde'::text)) OR ((a = 2) AND (b = 'xxx'::text)) OR ((a IS NULL) AND (b IS NULL)))
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp3 hp_3
+         Filter: (((a = 1) AND (b = 'abcde'::text)) OR ((a = 2) AND (b = 'xxx'::text)) OR ((a IS NULL) AND (b IS NULL)))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- test pruning when not all the partitions exist
+drop table hp1;
+drop table hp3;
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b = 'abcde';
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on hp2 hp
+   Filter: ((a = 1) AND (b = 'abcde'::text))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b = 'abcde' and
+  (c = 2 or c = 3);
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on hp2 hp
+   Filter: ((a = 1) AND (b = 'abcde'::text) AND ((c = 2) OR (c = 3)))
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table hp2;
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b = 'abcde' and
+  (c = 2 or c = 3);
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test runtime partition pruning
+--
+create table ab (a int not null, b int not null) partition by list (a);
+create table ab_a2 partition of ab for values in(2) partition by list (b);
+create table ab_a2_b1 partition of ab_a2 for values in (1);
+create table ab_a2_b2 partition of ab_a2 for values in (2);
+create table ab_a2_b3 partition of ab_a2 for values in (3);
+create table ab_a1 partition of ab for values in(1) partition by list (b);
+create table ab_a1_b1 partition of ab_a1 for values in (1);
+create table ab_a1_b2 partition of ab_a1 for values in (2);
+create table ab_a1_b3 partition of ab_a1 for values in (3);
+create table ab_a3 partition of ab for values in(3) partition by list (b);
+create table ab_a3_b1 partition of ab_a3 for values in (1);
+create table ab_a3_b2 partition of ab_a3 for values in (2);
+create table ab_a3_b3 partition of ab_a3 for values in (3);
+-- Disallow index only scans as concurrent transactions may stop visibility
+-- bits being set causing "Heap Fetches" to be unstable in the EXPLAIN ANALYZE
+-- output.
+set enable_indexonlyscan = off;
+prepare ab_q1 (int, int, int) as
+select * from ab where a between $1 and $2 and b <= $3;
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q1 (2, 2, 3);
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 6
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b <= $3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b <= $3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b3 ab_3 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b <= $3))
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q1 (1, 2, 3);
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 3
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b <= $3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b <= $3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b <= $3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b1 ab_4 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b <= $3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_5 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b <= $3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b3 ab_6 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b <= $3))
+(14 rows)
+
+deallocate ab_q1;
+-- Runtime pruning after optimizer pruning
+prepare ab_q1 (int, int) as
+select a from ab where a between $1 and $2 and b < 3;
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q1 (2, 2);
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 4
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < 3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < 3))
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q1 (2, 4);
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 2
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < 3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < 3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a3_b1 ab_3 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < 3))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a3_b2 ab_4 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < 3))
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Ensure a mix of PARAM_EXTERN and PARAM_EXEC Params work together at
+-- different levels of partitioning.
+prepare ab_q2 (int, int) as
+select a from ab where a between $1 and $2 and b < (select 3);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q2 (2, 2);
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 6
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b3 ab_3 (never executed)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < $0))
+(10 rows)
+
+-- As above, but swap the PARAM_EXEC Param to the first partition level
+prepare ab_q3 (int, int) as
+select a from ab where b between $1 and $2 and a < (select 3);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q3 (2, 2);
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 6
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((b >= $1) AND (b <= $2) AND (a < $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((b >= $1) AND (b <= $2) AND (a < $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a3_b2 ab_3 (never executed)
+         Filter: ((b >= $1) AND (b <= $2) AND (a < $0))
+(10 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test runtime pruning with hash partitioned tables
+--
+-- recreate partitions dropped above
+create table hp1 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 1);
+create table hp2 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 2);
+create table hp3 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 3);
+-- Ensure we correctly prune unneeded partitions when there is an IS NULL qual
+prepare hp_q1 (text) as
+select * from hp where a is null and b = $1;
+explain (costs off) execute hp_q1('xxx');
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   Subplans Removed: 3
+   ->  Seq Scan on hp2 hp_1
+         Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (b = $1))
+(4 rows)
+
+deallocate hp_q1;
+drop table hp;
+-- Test a backwards Append scan
+create table list_part (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table list_part1 partition of list_part for values in (1);
+create table list_part2 partition of list_part for values in (2);
+create table list_part3 partition of list_part for values in (3);
+create table list_part4 partition of list_part for values in (4);
+insert into list_part select generate_series(1,4);
+begin;
+-- Don't select an actual value out of the table as the order of the Append's
+-- subnodes may not be stable.
+declare cur SCROLL CURSOR for select 1 from list_part where a > (select 1) and a < (select 4);
+-- move beyond the final row
+move 3 from cur;
+-- Ensure we get two rows.
+fetch backward all from cur;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+        1
+(2 rows)
+
+commit;
+begin;
+-- Test run-time pruning using stable functions
+create function list_part_fn(int) returns int as $$ begin return $1; end;$$ language plpgsql stable;
+-- Ensure pruning works using a stable function containing no Vars
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) select * from list_part where a = list_part_fn(1);
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 3
+   ->  Seq Scan on list_part1 list_part_1 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = list_part_fn(1))
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Ensure pruning does not take place when the function has a Var parameter
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) select * from list_part where a = list_part_fn(a);
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=4 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on list_part1 list_part_1 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = list_part_fn(a))
+   ->  Seq Scan on list_part2 list_part_2 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = list_part_fn(a))
+   ->  Seq Scan on list_part3 list_part_3 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = list_part_fn(a))
+   ->  Seq Scan on list_part4 list_part_4 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = list_part_fn(a))
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Ensure pruning does not take place when the expression contains a Var.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) select * from list_part where a = list_part_fn(1) + a;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on list_part1 list_part_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = (list_part_fn(1) + a))
+         Rows Removed by Filter: 1
+   ->  Seq Scan on list_part2 list_part_2 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = (list_part_fn(1) + a))
+         Rows Removed by Filter: 1
+   ->  Seq Scan on list_part3 list_part_3 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = (list_part_fn(1) + a))
+         Rows Removed by Filter: 1
+   ->  Seq Scan on list_part4 list_part_4 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = (list_part_fn(1) + a))
+         Rows Removed by Filter: 1
+(13 rows)
+
+rollback;
+drop table list_part;
+-- Parallel append
+-- Parallel queries won't necessarily get as many workers as the planner
+-- asked for.  This affects not only the "Workers Launched:" field of EXPLAIN
+-- results, but also row counts and loop counts for parallel scans, Gathers,
+-- and everything in between.  This function filters out the values we can't
+-- rely on to be stable.
+-- This removes enough info that you might wonder why bother with EXPLAIN
+-- ANALYZE at all.  The answer is that we need to see '(never executed)'
+-- notations because that's the only way to verify runtime pruning.
+create function explain_parallel_append(text) returns setof text
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+    ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in
+        execute format('explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) %s',
+            $1)
+    loop
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Workers Launched: \d+', 'Workers Launched: N');
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'actual rows=\d+ loops=\d+', 'actual rows=N loops=N');
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Rows Removed by Filter: \d+', 'Rows Removed by Filter: N');
+        return next ln;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+prepare ab_q4 (int, int) as
+select avg(a) from ab where a between $1 and $2 and b < 4;
+-- Encourage use of parallel plans
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+select explain_parallel_append('execute ab_q4 (2, 2)');
+                              explain_parallel_append                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         Workers Launched: N
+         ->  Partial Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Parallel Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     Subplans Removed: 6
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a2_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < 4))
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < 4))
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a2_b3 ab_3 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((a >= $1) AND (a <= $2) AND (b < 4))
+(13 rows)
+
+-- Test run-time pruning with IN lists.
+prepare ab_q5 (int, int, int) as
+select avg(a) from ab where a in($1,$2,$3) and b < 4;
+select explain_parallel_append('execute ab_q5 (1, 1, 1)');
+                              explain_parallel_append                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         Workers Launched: N
+         ->  Partial Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Parallel Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     Subplans Removed: 6
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((b < 4) AND (a = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2, $3])))
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((b < 4) AND (a = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2, $3])))
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((b < 4) AND (a = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2, $3])))
+(13 rows)
+
+select explain_parallel_append('execute ab_q5 (2, 3, 3)');
+                              explain_parallel_append                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         Workers Launched: N
+         ->  Partial Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Parallel Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     Subplans Removed: 3
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a2_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((b < 4) AND (a = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2, $3])))
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((b < 4) AND (a = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2, $3])))
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a2_b3 ab_3 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((b < 4) AND (a = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2, $3])))
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a3_b1 ab_4 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((b < 4) AND (a = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2, $3])))
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a3_b2 ab_5 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((b < 4) AND (a = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2, $3])))
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a3_b3 ab_6 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: ((b < 4) AND (a = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2, $3])))
+(19 rows)
+
+-- Try some params whose values do not belong to any partition.
+select explain_parallel_append('execute ab_q5 (33, 44, 55)');
+                  explain_parallel_append                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         Workers Launched: N
+         ->  Partial Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Parallel Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     Subplans Removed: 9
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Test Parallel Append with PARAM_EXEC Params
+select explain_parallel_append('select count(*) from ab where (a = (select 1) or a = (select 3)) and b = 2');
+                           explain_parallel_append                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         Params Evaluated: $0, $1
+         Workers Launched: N
+         ->  Parallel Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_1 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     Filter: ((b = 2) AND ((a = $0) OR (a = $1)))
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_2 (never executed)
+                     Filter: ((b = 2) AND ((a = $0) OR (a = $1)))
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on ab_a3_b2 ab_3 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     Filter: ((b = 2) AND ((a = $0) OR (a = $1)))
+(16 rows)
+
+-- Test pruning during parallel nested loop query
+create table lprt_a (a int not null);
+-- Insert some values we won't find in ab
+insert into lprt_a select 0 from generate_series(1,100);
+-- and insert some values that we should find.
+insert into lprt_a values(1),(1);
+analyze lprt_a;
+create index ab_a2_b1_a_idx on ab_a2_b1 (a);
+create index ab_a2_b2_a_idx on ab_a2_b2 (a);
+create index ab_a2_b3_a_idx on ab_a2_b3 (a);
+create index ab_a1_b1_a_idx on ab_a1_b1 (a);
+create index ab_a1_b2_a_idx on ab_a1_b2 (a);
+create index ab_a1_b3_a_idx on ab_a1_b3 (a);
+create index ab_a3_b1_a_idx on ab_a3_b1 (a);
+create index ab_a3_b2_a_idx on ab_a3_b2 (a);
+create index ab_a3_b3_a_idx on ab_a3_b3 (a);
+set enable_hashjoin = 0;
+set enable_mergejoin = 0;
+set enable_memoize = 0;
+select explain_parallel_append('select avg(ab.a) from ab inner join lprt_a a on ab.a = a.a where a.a in(0, 0, 1)');
+                                        explain_parallel_append                                         
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 1
+         Workers Launched: N
+         ->  Partial Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on lprt_a a (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: (a = ANY ('{0,0,1}'::integer[]))
+                     ->  Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b1_a_idx on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b2_a_idx on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b3_a_idx on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b1_a_idx on ab_a2_b1 ab_4 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b2_a_idx on ab_a2_b2 ab_5 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b3_a_idx on ab_a2_b3 ab_6 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b1_a_idx on ab_a3_b1 ab_7 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b2_a_idx on ab_a3_b2 ab_8 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b3_a_idx on ab_a3_b3 ab_9 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+(27 rows)
+
+-- Ensure the same partitions are pruned when we make the nested loop
+-- parameter an Expr rather than a plain Param.
+select explain_parallel_append('select avg(ab.a) from ab inner join lprt_a a on ab.a = a.a + 0 where a.a in(0, 0, 1)');
+                                        explain_parallel_append                                         
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 1
+         Workers Launched: N
+         ->  Partial Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on lprt_a a (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: (a = ANY ('{0,0,1}'::integer[]))
+                     ->  Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b1_a_idx on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = (a.a + 0))
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b2_a_idx on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = (a.a + 0))
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b3_a_idx on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = (a.a + 0))
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b1_a_idx on ab_a2_b1 ab_4 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = (a.a + 0))
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b2_a_idx on ab_a2_b2 ab_5 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = (a.a + 0))
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b3_a_idx on ab_a2_b3 ab_6 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = (a.a + 0))
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b1_a_idx on ab_a3_b1 ab_7 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = (a.a + 0))
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b2_a_idx on ab_a3_b2 ab_8 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = (a.a + 0))
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b3_a_idx on ab_a3_b3 ab_9 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = (a.a + 0))
+(27 rows)
+
+insert into lprt_a values(3),(3);
+select explain_parallel_append('select avg(ab.a) from ab inner join lprt_a a on ab.a = a.a where a.a in(1, 0, 3)');
+                                        explain_parallel_append                                         
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 1
+         Workers Launched: N
+         ->  Partial Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on lprt_a a (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: (a = ANY ('{1,0,3}'::integer[]))
+                     ->  Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b1_a_idx on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b2_a_idx on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b3_a_idx on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b1_a_idx on ab_a2_b1 ab_4 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b2_a_idx on ab_a2_b2 ab_5 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b3_a_idx on ab_a2_b3 ab_6 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b1_a_idx on ab_a3_b1 ab_7 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b2_a_idx on ab_a3_b2 ab_8 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b3_a_idx on ab_a3_b3 ab_9 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+(27 rows)
+
+select explain_parallel_append('select avg(ab.a) from ab inner join lprt_a a on ab.a = a.a where a.a in(1, 0, 0)');
+                                        explain_parallel_append                                         
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 1
+         Workers Launched: N
+         ->  Partial Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on lprt_a a (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: (a = ANY ('{1,0,0}'::integer[]))
+                           Rows Removed by Filter: N
+                     ->  Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b1_a_idx on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b2_a_idx on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b3_a_idx on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b1_a_idx on ab_a2_b1 ab_4 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b2_a_idx on ab_a2_b2 ab_5 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b3_a_idx on ab_a2_b3 ab_6 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b1_a_idx on ab_a3_b1 ab_7 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b2_a_idx on ab_a3_b2 ab_8 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b3_a_idx on ab_a3_b3 ab_9 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+(28 rows)
+
+delete from lprt_a where a = 1;
+select explain_parallel_append('select avg(ab.a) from ab inner join lprt_a a on ab.a = a.a where a.a in(1, 0, 0)');
+                                     explain_parallel_append                                     
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 1
+         Workers Launched: N
+         ->  Partial Aggregate (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on lprt_a a (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           Filter: (a = ANY ('{1,0,0}'::integer[]))
+                           Rows Removed by Filter: N
+                     ->  Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b1_a_idx on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b2_a_idx on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a1_b3_a_idx on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b1_a_idx on ab_a2_b1 ab_4 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b2_a_idx on ab_a2_b2 ab_5 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a2_b3_a_idx on ab_a2_b3 ab_6 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b1_a_idx on ab_a3_b1 ab_7 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b2_a_idx on ab_a3_b2 ab_8 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+                           ->  Index Scan using ab_a3_b3_a_idx on ab_a3_b3 ab_9 (never executed)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = a.a)
+(28 rows)
+
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_mergejoin;
+reset enable_memoize;
+reset parallel_setup_cost;
+reset parallel_tuple_cost;
+reset min_parallel_table_scan_size;
+reset max_parallel_workers_per_gather;
+-- Test run-time partition pruning with an initplan
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from ab where a = (select max(a) from lprt_a) and b = (select max(a)-1 from lprt_a);
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Aggregate (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+           ->  Seq Scan on lprt_a (actual rows=102 loops=1)
+   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
+     ->  Aggregate (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+           ->  Seq Scan on lprt_a lprt_a_1 (actual rows=102 loops=1)
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (never executed)
+         Recheck Cond: (a = $0)
+         Filter: (b = $1)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b1_a_idx (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (a = $0)
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (never executed)
+         Recheck Cond: (a = $0)
+         Filter: (b = $1)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b2_a_idx (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (a = $0)
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (never executed)
+         Recheck Cond: (a = $0)
+         Filter: (b = $1)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b3_a_idx (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (a = $0)
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a2_b1 ab_4 (never executed)
+         Recheck Cond: (a = $0)
+         Filter: (b = $1)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a2_b1_a_idx (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (a = $0)
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_5 (never executed)
+         Recheck Cond: (a = $0)
+         Filter: (b = $1)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a2_b2_a_idx (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (a = $0)
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a2_b3 ab_6 (never executed)
+         Recheck Cond: (a = $0)
+         Filter: (b = $1)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a2_b3_a_idx (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (a = $0)
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a3_b1 ab_7 (never executed)
+         Recheck Cond: (a = $0)
+         Filter: (b = $1)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a3_b1_a_idx (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (a = $0)
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a3_b2 ab_8 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Recheck Cond: (a = $0)
+         Filter: (b = $1)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a3_b2_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+               Index Cond: (a = $0)
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a3_b3 ab_9 (never executed)
+         Recheck Cond: (a = $0)
+         Filter: (b = $1)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a3_b3_a_idx (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (a = $0)
+(52 rows)
+
+-- Test run-time partition pruning with UNION ALL parents
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from (select * from ab where a = 1 union all select * from ab) ab where b = (select 1);
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_11 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+               Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+               Filter: (b = $0)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b1_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+                     Index Cond: (a = 1)
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_12 (never executed)
+               Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+               Filter: (b = $0)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b2_a_idx (never executed)
+                     Index Cond: (a = 1)
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_13 (never executed)
+               Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+               Filter: (b = $0)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b3_a_idx (never executed)
+                     Index Cond: (a = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b1 ab_4 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_5 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b3 ab_6 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a3_b1 ab_7 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a3_b2 ab_8 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a3_b3 ab_9 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+(37 rows)
+
+-- A case containing a UNION ALL with a non-partitioned child.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from (select * from ab where a = 1 union all (values(10,5)) union all select * from ab) ab where b = (select 1);
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_11 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+               Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+               Filter: (b = $0)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b1_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+                     Index Cond: (a = 1)
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_12 (never executed)
+               Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+               Filter: (b = $0)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b2_a_idx (never executed)
+                     Index Cond: (a = 1)
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_13 (never executed)
+               Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+               Filter: (b = $0)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b3_a_idx (never executed)
+                     Index Cond: (a = 1)
+   ->  Result (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         One-Time Filter: (5 = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b1 ab_4 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_5 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b3 ab_6 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a3_b1 ab_7 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a3_b2 ab_8 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a3_b3 ab_9 (never executed)
+         Filter: (b = $0)
+(39 rows)
+
+-- Another UNION ALL test, but containing a mix of exec init and exec run-time pruning.
+create table xy_1 (x int, y int);
+insert into xy_1 values(100,-10);
+set enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+set enable_indexscan = 0;
+prepare ab_q6 as
+select * from (
+	select tableoid::regclass,a,b from ab
+union all
+	select tableoid::regclass,x,y from xy_1
+union all
+	select tableoid::regclass,a,b from ab
+) ab where a = $1 and b = (select -10);
+-- Ensure the xy_1 subplan is not pruned.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q6(1);
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 12
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (never executed)
+         Filter: ((a = $1) AND (b = $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (never executed)
+         Filter: ((a = $1) AND (b = $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (never executed)
+         Filter: ((a = $1) AND (b = $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on xy_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((x = $1) AND (y = $0))
+         Rows Removed by Filter: 1
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_4 (never executed)
+         Filter: ((a = $1) AND (b = $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_5 (never executed)
+         Filter: ((a = $1) AND (b = $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_6 (never executed)
+         Filter: ((a = $1) AND (b = $0))
+(19 rows)
+
+-- Ensure we see just the xy_1 row.
+execute ab_q6(100);
+ tableoid |  a  |  b  
+----------+-----+-----
+ xy_1     | 100 | -10
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+deallocate ab_q1;
+deallocate ab_q2;
+deallocate ab_q3;
+deallocate ab_q4;
+deallocate ab_q5;
+deallocate ab_q6;
+-- UPDATE on a partition subtree has been seen to have problems.
+insert into ab values (1,2);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+update ab_a1 set b = 3 from ab where ab.a = 1 and ab.a = ab_a1.a;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on ab_a1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Update on ab_a1_b1 ab_a1_1
+   Update on ab_a1_b2 ab_a1_2
+   Update on ab_a1_b3 ab_a1_3
+   ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         ->  Append (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+               ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_a1_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+                     Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b1_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+                           Index Cond: (a = 1)
+               ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_a1_2 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+                     Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+                     Heap Blocks: exact=1
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b2_a_idx (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+                           Index Cond: (a = 1)
+               ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_a1_3 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+                     Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b3_a_idx (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+                           Index Cond: (a = 1)
+         ->  Materialize (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+               ->  Append (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+                     ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+                           Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+                           ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b1_a_idx (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = 1)
+                     ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_2 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+                           Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+                           Heap Blocks: exact=1
+                           ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b2_a_idx (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = 1)
+                     ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_3 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+                           Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
+                           ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ab_a1_b3_a_idx (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+                                 Index Cond: (a = 1)
+(34 rows)
+
+table ab;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 3
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test UPDATE where source relation has run-time pruning enabled
+truncate ab;
+insert into ab values (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+update ab_a1 set b = 3 from ab_a2 where ab_a2.b = (select 1);
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on ab_a1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Update on ab_a1_b1 ab_a1_1
+   Update on ab_a1_b2 ab_a1_2
+   Update on ab_a1_b3 ab_a1_3
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=3 loops=1)
+         ->  Append (actual rows=3 loops=1)
+               ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b1 ab_a1_1 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+               ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b2 ab_a1_2 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+               ->  Seq Scan on ab_a1_b3 ab_a1_3 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         ->  Materialize (actual rows=1 loops=3)
+               ->  Append (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b1 ab_a2_1 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+                           Filter: (b = $0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b2 ab_a2_2 (never executed)
+                           Filter: (b = $0)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on ab_a2_b3 ab_a2_3 (never executed)
+                           Filter: (b = $0)
+(19 rows)
+
+select tableoid::regclass, * from ab;
+ tableoid | a | b 
+----------+---+---
+ ab_a1_b3 | 1 | 3
+ ab_a1_b3 | 1 | 3
+ ab_a1_b3 | 1 | 3
+ ab_a2_b1 | 2 | 1
+(4 rows)
+
+drop table ab, lprt_a;
+-- Join
+create table tbl1(col1 int);
+insert into tbl1 values (501), (505);
+-- Basic table
+create table tprt (col1 int) partition by range (col1);
+create table tprt_1 partition of tprt for values from (1) to (501);
+create table tprt_2 partition of tprt for values from (501) to (1001);
+create table tprt_3 partition of tprt for values from (1001) to (2001);
+create table tprt_4 partition of tprt for values from (2001) to (3001);
+create table tprt_5 partition of tprt for values from (3001) to (4001);
+create table tprt_6 partition of tprt for values from (4001) to (5001);
+create index tprt1_idx on tprt_1 (col1);
+create index tprt2_idx on tprt_2 (col1);
+create index tprt3_idx on tprt_3 (col1);
+create index tprt4_idx on tprt_4 (col1);
+create index tprt5_idx on tprt_5 (col1);
+create index tprt6_idx on tprt_6 (col1);
+insert into tprt values (10), (20), (501), (502), (505), (1001), (4500);
+set enable_hashjoin = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 join tprt on tbl1.col1 > tprt.col1;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop (actual rows=6 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on tbl1 (actual rows=2 loops=1)
+   ->  Append (actual rows=3 loops=2)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt1_idx on tprt_1 (actual rows=2 loops=2)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt2_idx on tprt_2 (actual rows=2 loops=1)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt3_idx on tprt_3 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt4_idx on tprt_4 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt5_idx on tprt_5 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt6_idx on tprt_6 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+(15 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop (actual rows=2 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on tbl1 (actual rows=2 loops=1)
+   ->  Append (actual rows=1 loops=2)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt1_idx on tprt_1 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt2_idx on tprt_2 (actual rows=1 loops=2)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt3_idx on tprt_3 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt4_idx on tprt_4 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt5_idx on tprt_5 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt6_idx on tprt_6 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+(15 rows)
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 > tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+ col1 | col1 
+------+------
+  501 |   10
+  501 |   20
+  505 |   10
+  505 |   20
+  505 |  501
+  505 |  502
+(6 rows)
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+ col1 | col1 
+------+------
+  501 |  501
+  505 |  505
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Multiple partitions
+insert into tbl1 values (1001), (1010), (1011);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 > tprt.col1;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop (actual rows=23 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on tbl1 (actual rows=5 loops=1)
+   ->  Append (actual rows=5 loops=5)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt1_idx on tprt_1 (actual rows=2 loops=5)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt2_idx on tprt_2 (actual rows=3 loops=4)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt3_idx on tprt_3 (actual rows=1 loops=2)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt4_idx on tprt_4 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt5_idx on tprt_5 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt6_idx on tprt_6 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 < tbl1.col1)
+(15 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop (actual rows=3 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on tbl1 (actual rows=5 loops=1)
+   ->  Append (actual rows=1 loops=5)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt1_idx on tprt_1 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt2_idx on tprt_2 (actual rows=1 loops=2)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt3_idx on tprt_3 (actual rows=0 loops=3)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt4_idx on tprt_4 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt5_idx on tprt_5 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt6_idx on tprt_6 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+(15 rows)
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 > tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+ col1 | col1 
+------+------
+  501 |   10
+  501 |   20
+  505 |   10
+  505 |   20
+  505 |  501
+  505 |  502
+ 1001 |   10
+ 1001 |   20
+ 1001 |  501
+ 1001 |  502
+ 1001 |  505
+ 1010 |   10
+ 1010 |   20
+ 1010 |  501
+ 1010 |  502
+ 1010 |  505
+ 1010 | 1001
+ 1011 |   10
+ 1011 |   20
+ 1011 |  501
+ 1011 |  502
+ 1011 |  505
+ 1011 | 1001
+(23 rows)
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+ col1 | col1 
+------+------
+  501 |  501
+  505 |  505
+ 1001 | 1001
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Last partition
+delete from tbl1;
+insert into tbl1 values (4400);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 join tprt on tbl1.col1 < tprt.col1;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on tbl1 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Append (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt1_idx on tprt_1 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 > tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt2_idx on tprt_2 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 > tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt3_idx on tprt_3 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 > tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt4_idx on tprt_4 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 > tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt5_idx on tprt_5 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 > tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt6_idx on tprt_6 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+               Index Cond: (col1 > tbl1.col1)
+(15 rows)
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 < tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+ col1 | col1 
+------+------
+ 4400 | 4500
+(1 row)
+
+-- No matching partition
+delete from tbl1;
+insert into tbl1 values (10000);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1;
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on tbl1 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt1_idx on tprt_1 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt2_idx on tprt_2 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt3_idx on tprt_3 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt4_idx on tprt_4 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt5_idx on tprt_5 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+         ->  Index Scan using tprt6_idx on tprt_6 (never executed)
+               Index Cond: (col1 = tbl1.col1)
+(15 rows)
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+ col1 | col1 
+------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+drop table tbl1, tprt;
+-- Test with columns defined in varying orders between each level
+create table part_abc (a int not null, b int not null, c int not null) partition by list (a);
+create table part_bac (b int not null, a int not null, c int not null) partition by list (b);
+create table part_cab (c int not null, a int not null, b int not null) partition by list (c);
+create table part_abc_p1 (a int not null, b int not null, c int not null);
+alter table part_abc attach partition part_bac for values in(1);
+alter table part_bac attach partition part_cab for values in(2);
+alter table part_cab attach partition part_abc_p1 for values in(3);
+prepare part_abc_q1 (int, int, int) as
+select * from part_abc where a = $1 and b = $2 and c = $3;
+-- Single partition should be scanned.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute part_abc_q1 (1, 2, 3);
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on part_abc_p1 part_abc (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Filter: ((a = $1) AND (b = $2) AND (c = $3))
+(2 rows)
+
+deallocate part_abc_q1;
+drop table part_abc;
+-- Ensure that an Append node properly handles a sub-partitioned table
+-- matching without any of its leaf partitions matching the clause.
+create table listp (a int, b int) partition by list (a);
+create table listp_1 partition of listp for values in(1) partition by list (b);
+create table listp_1_1 partition of listp_1 for values in(1);
+create table listp_2 partition of listp for values in(2) partition by list (b);
+create table listp_2_1 partition of listp_2 for values in(2);
+select * from listp where b = 1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Ensure that an Append node properly can handle selection of all first level
+-- partitions before finally detecting the correct set of 2nd level partitions
+-- which match the given parameter.
+prepare q1 (int,int) as select * from listp where b in ($1,$2);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)  execute q1 (1,1);
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 1
+   ->  Seq Scan on listp_1_1 listp_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (b = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2]))
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)  execute q1 (2,2);
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 1
+   ->  Seq Scan on listp_2_1 listp_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (b = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2]))
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Try with no matching partitions.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)  execute q1 (0,0);
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 2
+(2 rows)
+
+deallocate q1;
+-- Test more complex cases where a not-equal condition further eliminates partitions.
+prepare q1 (int,int,int,int) as select * from listp where b in($1,$2) and $3 <> b and $4 <> b;
+-- Both partitions allowed by IN clause, but one disallowed by <> clause
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)  execute q1 (1,2,2,0);
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 1
+   ->  Seq Scan on listp_1_1 listp_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((b = ANY (ARRAY[$1, $2])) AND ($3 <> b) AND ($4 <> b))
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Both partitions allowed by IN clause, then both excluded again by <> clauses.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)  execute q1 (1,2,2,1);
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Ensure Params that evaluate to NULL properly prune away all partitions
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from listp where a = (select null::int);
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on listp_1_1 listp_1 (never executed)
+         Filter: (a = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on listp_2_1 listp_2 (never executed)
+         Filter: (a = $0)
+(7 rows)
+
+drop table listp;
+--
+-- check that stable query clauses are only used in run-time pruning
+--
+create table stable_qual_pruning (a timestamp) partition by range (a);
+create table stable_qual_pruning1 partition of stable_qual_pruning
+  for values from ('2000-01-01') to ('2000-02-01');
+create table stable_qual_pruning2 partition of stable_qual_pruning
+  for values from ('2000-02-01') to ('2000-03-01');
+create table stable_qual_pruning3 partition of stable_qual_pruning
+  for values from ('3000-02-01') to ('3000-03-01');
+-- comparison against a stable value requires run-time pruning
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning where a < localtimestamp;
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                      
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 1
+   ->  Seq Scan on stable_qual_pruning1 stable_qual_pruning_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a < LOCALTIMESTAMP)
+   ->  Seq Scan on stable_qual_pruning2 stable_qual_pruning_2 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a < LOCALTIMESTAMP)
+(6 rows)
+
+-- timestamp < timestamptz comparison is only stable, not immutable
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning where a < '2000-02-01'::timestamptz;
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                      
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 2
+   ->  Seq Scan on stable_qual_pruning1 stable_qual_pruning_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a < 'Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 2000 PST'::timestamp with time zone)
+(4 rows)
+
+-- check ScalarArrayOp cases
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(array['2010-02-01', '2020-01-01']::timestamp[]);
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Result (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(array['2000-02-01', '2010-01-01']::timestamp[]);
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                   
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on stable_qual_pruning2 stable_qual_pruning (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Filter: (a = ANY ('{"Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 2000","Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 2010"}'::timestamp without time zone[]))
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(array['2000-02-01', localtimestamp]::timestamp[]);
+                                                 QUERY PLAN                                                 
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 2
+   ->  Seq Scan on stable_qual_pruning2 stable_qual_pruning_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = ANY (ARRAY['Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 2000'::timestamp without time zone, LOCALTIMESTAMP]))
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(array['2010-02-01', '2020-01-01']::timestamptz[]);
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 3
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(array['2000-02-01', '2010-01-01']::timestamptz[]);
+                                                        QUERY PLAN                                                         
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 2
+   ->  Seq Scan on stable_qual_pruning2 stable_qual_pruning_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = ANY ('{"Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 2000 PST","Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 2010 PST"}'::timestamp with time zone[]))
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(null::timestamptz[]);
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                      
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on stable_qual_pruning1 stable_qual_pruning_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = ANY (NULL::timestamp with time zone[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on stable_qual_pruning2 stable_qual_pruning_2 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = ANY (NULL::timestamp with time zone[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on stable_qual_pruning3 stable_qual_pruning_3 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = ANY (NULL::timestamp with time zone[]))
+(7 rows)
+
+drop table stable_qual_pruning;
+--
+-- Check that pruning with composite range partitioning works correctly when
+-- it must ignore clauses for trailing keys once it has seen a clause with
+-- non-inclusive operator for an earlier key
+--
+create table mc3p (a int, b int, c int) partition by range (a, abs(b), c);
+create table mc3p0 partition of mc3p
+  for values from (0, 0, 0) to (0, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+create table mc3p1 partition of mc3p
+  for values from (1, 1, 1) to (2, minvalue, minvalue);
+create table mc3p2 partition of mc3p
+  for values from (2, minvalue, minvalue) to (3, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+insert into mc3p values (0, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (2, 1, 1);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from mc3p where a < 3 and abs(b) = 1;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=3 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a < 3) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a < 3) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p2 mc3p_3 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a < 3) AND (abs(b) = 1))
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check that pruning with composite range partitioning works correctly when
+-- a combination of runtime parameters is specified, not all of whose values
+-- are available at the same time
+--
+prepare ps1 as
+  select * from mc3p where a = $1 and abs(b) < (select 3);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+execute ps1(1);
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 2
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_1 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a = $1) AND (abs(b) < $0))
+(6 rows)
+
+deallocate ps1;
+prepare ps2 as
+  select * from mc3p where a <= $1 and abs(b) < (select 3);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+execute ps2(1);
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=2 loops=1)
+   Subplans Removed: 1
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p0 mc3p_1 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a <= $1) AND (abs(b) < $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on mc3p1 mc3p_2 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a <= $1) AND (abs(b) < $0))
+(8 rows)
+
+deallocate ps2;
+drop table mc3p;
+-- Ensure runtime pruning works with initplans params with boolean types
+create table boolvalues (value bool not null);
+insert into boolvalues values('t'),('f');
+create table boolp (a bool) partition by list (a);
+create table boolp_t partition of boolp for values in('t');
+create table boolp_f partition of boolp for values in('f');
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from boolp where a = (select value from boolvalues where value);
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Seq Scan on boolvalues (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+           Filter: value
+           Rows Removed by Filter: 1
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolp_f boolp_1 (never executed)
+         Filter: (a = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolp_t boolp_2 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = $0)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from boolp where a = (select value from boolvalues where not value);
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Seq Scan on boolvalues (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+           Filter: (NOT value)
+           Rows Removed by Filter: 1
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolp_f boolp_1 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a = $0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on boolp_t boolp_2 (never executed)
+         Filter: (a = $0)
+(9 rows)
+
+drop table boolp;
+--
+-- Test run-time pruning of MergeAppend subnodes
+--
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+set enable_sort = off;
+create table ma_test (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table ma_test_p1 partition of ma_test for values from (0) to (10);
+create table ma_test_p2 partition of ma_test for values from (10) to (20);
+create table ma_test_p3 partition of ma_test for values from (20) to (30);
+insert into ma_test select x,x from generate_series(0,29) t(x);
+create index on ma_test (b);
+analyze ma_test;
+prepare mt_q1 (int) as select a from ma_test where a >= $1 and a % 10 = 5 order by b;
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute mt_q1(15);
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append (actual rows=2 loops=1)
+   Sort Key: ma_test.b
+   Subplans Removed: 1
+   ->  Index Scan using ma_test_p2_b_idx on ma_test_p2 ma_test_1 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND ((a % 10) = 5))
+         Rows Removed by Filter: 9
+   ->  Index Scan using ma_test_p3_b_idx on ma_test_p3 ma_test_2 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND ((a % 10) = 5))
+         Rows Removed by Filter: 9
+(9 rows)
+
+execute mt_q1(15);
+ a  
+----
+ 15
+ 25
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute mt_q1(25);
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   Sort Key: ma_test.b
+   Subplans Removed: 2
+   ->  Index Scan using ma_test_p3_b_idx on ma_test_p3 ma_test_1 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         Filter: ((a >= $1) AND ((a % 10) = 5))
+         Rows Removed by Filter: 9
+(6 rows)
+
+execute mt_q1(25);
+ a  
+----
+ 25
+(1 row)
+
+-- Ensure MergeAppend behaves correctly when no subplans match
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute mt_q1(35);
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Merge Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Sort Key: ma_test.b
+   Subplans Removed: 3
+(3 rows)
+
+execute mt_q1(35);
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+deallocate mt_q1;
+prepare mt_q2 (int) as select * from ma_test where a >= $1 order by b limit 1;
+-- Ensure output list looks sane when the MergeAppend has no subplans.
+explain (analyze, verbose, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute mt_q2 (35);
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Limit (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Output: ma_test.a, ma_test.b
+   ->  Merge Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Sort Key: ma_test.b
+         Subplans Removed: 3
+(5 rows)
+
+deallocate mt_q2;
+-- ensure initplan params properly prune partitions
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) select * from ma_test where a >= (select min(b) from ma_test_p2) order by b;
+                                          QUERY PLAN                                           
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append (actual rows=20 loops=1)
+   Sort Key: ma_test.b
+   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+           InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+             ->  Limit (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+                   ->  Index Scan using ma_test_p2_b_idx on ma_test_p2 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+                         Index Cond: (b IS NOT NULL)
+   ->  Index Scan using ma_test_p1_b_idx on ma_test_p1 ma_test_1 (never executed)
+         Filter: (a >= $1)
+   ->  Index Scan using ma_test_p2_b_idx on ma_test_p2 ma_test_2 (actual rows=10 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a >= $1)
+   ->  Index Scan using ma_test_p3_b_idx on ma_test_p3 ma_test_3 (actual rows=10 loops=1)
+         Filter: (a >= $1)
+(14 rows)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_sort;
+drop table ma_test;
+reset enable_indexonlyscan;
+--
+-- check that pruning works properly when the partition key is of a
+-- pseudotype
+--
+-- array type list partition key
+create table pp_arrpart (a int[]) partition by list (a);
+create table pp_arrpart1 partition of pp_arrpart for values in ('{1}');
+create table pp_arrpart2 partition of pp_arrpart for values in ('{2, 3}', '{4, 5}');
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_arrpart where a = '{1}';
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on pp_arrpart1 pp_arrpart
+   Filter: (a = '{1}'::integer[])
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_arrpart where a = '{1, 2}';
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_arrpart where a in ('{4, 5}', '{1}');
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_arrpart1 pp_arrpart_1
+         Filter: ((a = '{4,5}'::integer[]) OR (a = '{1}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_arrpart2 pp_arrpart_2
+         Filter: ((a = '{4,5}'::integer[]) OR (a = '{1}'::integer[]))
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) update pp_arrpart set a = a where a = '{1}';
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Update on pp_arrpart
+   Update on pp_arrpart1 pp_arrpart_1
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_arrpart1 pp_arrpart_1
+         Filter: (a = '{1}'::integer[])
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) delete from pp_arrpart where a = '{1}';
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Delete on pp_arrpart
+   Delete on pp_arrpart1 pp_arrpart_1
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_arrpart1 pp_arrpart_1
+         Filter: (a = '{1}'::integer[])
+(4 rows)
+
+drop table pp_arrpart;
+-- array type hash partition key
+create table pph_arrpart (a int[]) partition by hash (a);
+create table pph_arrpart1 partition of pph_arrpart for values with (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+create table pph_arrpart2 partition of pph_arrpart for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+insert into pph_arrpart values ('{1}'), ('{1, 2}'), ('{4, 5}');
+select tableoid::regclass, * from pph_arrpart order by 1;
+   tableoid   |   a   
+--------------+-------
+ pph_arrpart1 | {1,2}
+ pph_arrpart1 | {4,5}
+ pph_arrpart2 | {1}
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pph_arrpart where a = '{1}';
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on pph_arrpart2 pph_arrpart
+   Filter: (a = '{1}'::integer[])
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pph_arrpart where a = '{1, 2}';
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on pph_arrpart1 pph_arrpart
+   Filter: (a = '{1,2}'::integer[])
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pph_arrpart where a in ('{4, 5}', '{1}');
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on pph_arrpart1 pph_arrpart_1
+         Filter: ((a = '{4,5}'::integer[]) OR (a = '{1}'::integer[]))
+   ->  Seq Scan on pph_arrpart2 pph_arrpart_2
+         Filter: ((a = '{4,5}'::integer[]) OR (a = '{1}'::integer[]))
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table pph_arrpart;
+-- enum type list partition key
+create type pp_colors as enum ('green', 'blue', 'black');
+create table pp_enumpart (a pp_colors) partition by list (a);
+create table pp_enumpart_green partition of pp_enumpart for values in ('green');
+create table pp_enumpart_blue partition of pp_enumpart for values in ('blue');
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_enumpart where a = 'blue';
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on pp_enumpart_blue pp_enumpart
+   Filter: (a = 'blue'::pp_colors)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_enumpart where a = 'black';
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table pp_enumpart;
+drop type pp_colors;
+-- record type as partition key
+create type pp_rectype as (a int, b int);
+create table pp_recpart (a pp_rectype) partition by list (a);
+create table pp_recpart_11 partition of pp_recpart for values in ('(1,1)');
+create table pp_recpart_23 partition of pp_recpart for values in ('(2,3)');
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_recpart where a = '(1,1)'::pp_rectype;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on pp_recpart_11 pp_recpart
+   Filter: (a = '(1,1)'::pp_rectype)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_recpart where a = '(1,2)'::pp_rectype;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table pp_recpart;
+drop type pp_rectype;
+-- range type partition key
+create table pp_intrangepart (a int4range) partition by list (a);
+create table pp_intrangepart12 partition of pp_intrangepart for values in ('[1,2]');
+create table pp_intrangepart2inf partition of pp_intrangepart for values in ('[2,)');
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_intrangepart where a = '[1,2]'::int4range;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on pp_intrangepart12 pp_intrangepart
+   Filter: (a = '[1,3)'::int4range)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_intrangepart where a = '(1,2)'::int4range;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table pp_intrangepart;
+--
+-- Ensure the enable_partition_prune GUC properly disables partition pruning.
+--
+create table pp_lp (a int, value int) partition by list (a);
+create table pp_lp1 partition of pp_lp for values in(1);
+create table pp_lp2 partition of pp_lp for values in(2);
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_lp where a = 1;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Seq Scan on pp_lp1 pp_lp
+   Filter: (a = 1)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) update pp_lp set value = 10 where a = 1;
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ Update on pp_lp
+   Update on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) delete from pp_lp where a = 1;
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ Delete on pp_lp
+   Delete on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+(4 rows)
+
+set enable_partition_pruning = off;
+set constraint_exclusion = 'partition'; -- this should not affect the result.
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_lp where a = 1;
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp2 pp_lp_2
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) update pp_lp set value = 10 where a = 1;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Update on pp_lp
+   Update on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+   Update on pp_lp2 pp_lp_2
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp2 pp_lp_2
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) delete from pp_lp where a = 1;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Delete on pp_lp
+   Delete on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+   Delete on pp_lp2 pp_lp_2
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp2 pp_lp_2
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+(8 rows)
+
+set constraint_exclusion = 'off'; -- this should not affect the result.
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_lp where a = 1;
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp2 pp_lp_2
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) update pp_lp set value = 10 where a = 1;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Update on pp_lp
+   Update on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+   Update on pp_lp2 pp_lp_2
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp2 pp_lp_2
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) delete from pp_lp where a = 1;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Delete on pp_lp
+   Delete on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+   Delete on pp_lp2 pp_lp_2
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp1 pp_lp_1
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on pp_lp2 pp_lp_2
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+(8 rows)
+
+drop table pp_lp;
+-- Ensure enable_partition_prune does not affect non-partitioned tables.
+create table inh_lp (a int, value int);
+create table inh_lp1 (a int, value int, check(a = 1)) inherits (inh_lp);
+NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
+NOTICE:  merging column "value" with inherited definition
+create table inh_lp2 (a int, value int, check(a = 2)) inherits (inh_lp);
+NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
+NOTICE:  merging column "value" with inherited definition
+set constraint_exclusion = 'partition';
+-- inh_lp2 should be removed in the following 3 cases.
+explain (costs off) select * from inh_lp where a = 1;
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on inh_lp inh_lp_1
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on inh_lp1 inh_lp_2
+         Filter: (a = 1)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) update inh_lp set value = 10 where a = 1;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Update on inh_lp
+   Update on inh_lp inh_lp_1
+   Update on inh_lp1 inh_lp_2
+   ->  Result
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on inh_lp inh_lp_1
+                     Filter: (a = 1)
+               ->  Seq Scan on inh_lp1 inh_lp_2
+                     Filter: (a = 1)
+(9 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) delete from inh_lp where a = 1;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Delete on inh_lp
+   Delete on inh_lp inh_lp_1
+   Delete on inh_lp1 inh_lp_2
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on inh_lp inh_lp_1
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on inh_lp1 inh_lp_2
+               Filter: (a = 1)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Ensure we don't exclude normal relations when we only expect to exclude
+-- inheritance children
+explain (costs off) update inh_lp1 set value = 10 where a = 2;
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ Update on inh_lp1
+   ->  Seq Scan on inh_lp1
+         Filter: (a = 2)
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table inh_lp cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table inh_lp1
+drop cascades to table inh_lp2
+reset enable_partition_pruning;
+reset constraint_exclusion;
+-- Check pruning for a partition tree containing only temporary relations
+create temp table pp_temp_parent (a int) partition by list (a);
+create temp table pp_temp_part_1 partition of pp_temp_parent for values in (1);
+create temp table pp_temp_part_def partition of pp_temp_parent default;
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_temp_parent where true;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_temp_part_1 pp_temp_parent_1
+   ->  Seq Scan on pp_temp_part_def pp_temp_parent_2
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_temp_parent where a = 2;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on pp_temp_part_def pp_temp_parent
+   Filter: (a = 2)
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table pp_temp_parent;
+-- Stress run-time partition pruning a bit more, per bug reports
+create temp table p (a int, b int, c int) partition by list (a);
+create temp table p1 partition of p for values in (1);
+create temp table p2 partition of p for values in (2);
+create temp table q (a int, b int, c int) partition by list (a);
+create temp table q1 partition of q for values in (1) partition by list (b);
+create temp table q11 partition of q1 for values in (1) partition by list (c);
+create temp table q111 partition of q11 for values in (1);
+create temp table q2 partition of q for values in (2) partition by list (b);
+create temp table q21 partition of q2 for values in (1);
+create temp table q22 partition of q2 for values in (2);
+insert into q22 values (2, 2, 3);
+explain (costs off)
+select *
+from (
+      select * from p
+      union all
+      select * from q1
+      union all
+      select 1, 1, 1
+     ) s(a, b, c)
+where s.a = 1 and s.b = 1 and s.c = (select 1);
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result
+   ->  Seq Scan on p1 p
+         Filter: ((a = 1) AND (b = 1) AND (c = $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on q111 q1
+         Filter: ((a = 1) AND (b = 1) AND (c = $0))
+   ->  Result
+         One-Time Filter: (1 = $0)
+(9 rows)
+
+select *
+from (
+      select * from p
+      union all
+      select * from q1
+      union all
+      select 1, 1, 1
+     ) s(a, b, c)
+where s.a = 1 and s.b = 1 and s.c = (select 1);
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+prepare q (int, int) as
+select *
+from (
+      select * from p
+      union all
+      select * from q1
+      union all
+      select 1, 1, 1
+     ) s(a, b, c)
+where s.a = $1 and s.b = $2 and s.c = (select 1);
+explain (costs off) execute q (1, 1);
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   Subplans Removed: 1
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result
+   ->  Seq Scan on p1 p
+         Filter: ((a = $1) AND (b = $2) AND (c = $0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on q111 q1
+         Filter: ((a = $1) AND (b = $2) AND (c = $0))
+   ->  Result
+         One-Time Filter: ((1 = $1) AND (1 = $2) AND (1 = $0))
+(10 rows)
+
+execute q (1, 1);
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+drop table p, q;
+-- Ensure run-time pruning works correctly when we match a partitioned table
+-- on the first level but find no matching partitions on the second level.
+create table listp (a int, b int) partition by list (a);
+create table listp1 partition of listp for values in(1);
+create table listp2 partition of listp for values in(2) partition by list(b);
+create table listp2_10 partition of listp2 for values in (10);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from listp where a = (select 2) and b <> 10;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on listp1 listp (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   Filter: ((b <> 10) AND (a = $0))
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (never executed)
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- check that a partition directly accessed in a query is excluded with
+-- constraint_exclusion = on
+--
+-- turn off partition pruning, so that it doesn't interfere
+set enable_partition_pruning to off;
+-- setting constraint_exclusion to 'partition' disables exclusion
+set constraint_exclusion to 'partition';
+explain (costs off) select * from listp1 where a = 2;
+     QUERY PLAN     
+--------------------
+ Seq Scan on listp1
+   Filter: (a = 2)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) update listp1 set a = 1 where a = 2;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Update on listp1
+   ->  Seq Scan on listp1
+         Filter: (a = 2)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- constraint exclusion enabled
+set constraint_exclusion to 'on';
+explain (costs off) select * from listp1 where a = 2;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) update listp1 set a = 1 where a = 2;
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Update on listp1
+   ->  Result
+         One-Time Filter: false
+(3 rows)
+
+reset constraint_exclusion;
+reset enable_partition_pruning;
+drop table listp;
+-- Ensure run-time pruning works correctly for nested Append nodes
+set parallel_setup_cost to 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost to 0;
+create table listp (a int) partition by list(a);
+create table listp_12 partition of listp for values in(1,2) partition by list(a);
+create table listp_12_1 partition of listp_12 for values in(1);
+create table listp_12_2 partition of listp_12 for values in(2);
+-- Force the 2nd subnode of the Append to be non-parallel.  This results in
+-- a nested Append node because the mixed parallel / non-parallel paths cannot
+-- be pulled into the top-level Append.
+alter table listp_12_1 set (parallel_workers = 0);
+-- Ensure that listp_12_2 is not scanned.  (The nested Append is not seen in
+-- the plan as it's pulled in setref.c due to having just a single subnode).
+select explain_parallel_append('select * from listp where a = (select 1);');
+                       explain_parallel_append                        
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   Workers Planned: 2
+   Params Evaluated: $0
+   Workers Launched: N
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Parallel Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         ->  Seq Scan on listp_12_1 listp_1 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               Filter: (a = $0)
+         ->  Parallel Seq Scan on listp_12_2 listp_2 (never executed)
+               Filter: (a = $0)
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Like the above but throw some more complexity at the planner by adding
+-- a UNION ALL.  We expect both sides of the union not to scan the
+-- non-required partitions.
+select explain_parallel_append(
+'select * from listp where a = (select 1)
+  union all
+select * from listp where a = (select 2);');
+                              explain_parallel_append                              
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         Params Evaluated: $0
+         Workers Launched: N
+         InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+           ->  Result (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         ->  Parallel Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Seq Scan on listp_12_1 listp_1 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     Filter: (a = $0)
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on listp_12_2 listp_2 (never executed)
+                     Filter: (a = $0)
+   ->  Gather (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         Workers Planned: 2
+         Params Evaluated: $1
+         Workers Launched: N
+         InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
+           ->  Result (actual rows=N loops=N)
+         ->  Parallel Append (actual rows=N loops=N)
+               ->  Seq Scan on listp_12_1 listp_4 (never executed)
+                     Filter: (a = $1)
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on listp_12_2 listp_5 (actual rows=N loops=N)
+                     Filter: (a = $1)
+(23 rows)
+
+drop table listp;
+reset parallel_tuple_cost;
+reset parallel_setup_cost;
+-- Test case for run-time pruning with a nested Merge Append
+set enable_sort to 0;
+create table rangep (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table rangep_0_to_100 partition of rangep for values from (0) to (100) partition by list (b);
+-- We need 3 sub-partitions. 1 to validate pruning worked and another two
+-- because a single remaining partition would be pulled up to the main Append.
+create table rangep_0_to_100_1 partition of rangep_0_to_100 for values in(1);
+create table rangep_0_to_100_2 partition of rangep_0_to_100 for values in(2);
+create table rangep_0_to_100_3 partition of rangep_0_to_100 for values in(3);
+create table rangep_100_to_200 partition of rangep for values from (100) to (200);
+create index on rangep (a);
+-- Ensure run-time pruning works on the nested Merge Append
+explain (analyze on, costs off, timing off, summary off)
+select * from rangep where b IN((select 1),(select 2)) order by a;
+                                                 QUERY PLAN                                                 
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
+     ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Merge Append (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Sort Key: rangep_2.a
+         ->  Index Scan using rangep_0_to_100_1_a_idx on rangep_0_to_100_1 rangep_2 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+               Filter: (b = ANY (ARRAY[$0, $1]))
+         ->  Index Scan using rangep_0_to_100_2_a_idx on rangep_0_to_100_2 rangep_3 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+               Filter: (b = ANY (ARRAY[$0, $1]))
+         ->  Index Scan using rangep_0_to_100_3_a_idx on rangep_0_to_100_3 rangep_4 (never executed)
+               Filter: (b = ANY (ARRAY[$0, $1]))
+   ->  Index Scan using rangep_100_to_200_a_idx on rangep_100_to_200 rangep_5 (actual rows=0 loops=1)
+         Filter: (b = ANY (ARRAY[$0, $1]))
+(15 rows)
+
+reset enable_sort;
+drop table rangep;
+--
+-- Check that gen_prune_steps_from_opexps() works well for various cases of
+-- clauses for different partition keys
+--
+create table rp_prefix_test1 (a int, b varchar) partition by range(a, b);
+create table rp_prefix_test1_p1 partition of rp_prefix_test1 for values from (1, 'a') to (1, 'b');
+create table rp_prefix_test1_p2 partition of rp_prefix_test1 for values from (2, 'a') to (2, 'b');
+-- Don't call get_steps_using_prefix() with the last partition key b plus
+-- an empty prefix
+explain (costs off) select * from rp_prefix_test1 where a <= 1 and b = 'a';
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rp_prefix_test1_p1 rp_prefix_test1
+   Filter: ((a <= 1) AND ((b)::text = 'a'::text))
+(2 rows)
+
+create table rp_prefix_test2 (a int, b int, c int) partition by range(a, b, c);
+create table rp_prefix_test2_p1 partition of rp_prefix_test2 for values from (1, 1, 0) to (1, 1, 10);
+create table rp_prefix_test2_p2 partition of rp_prefix_test2 for values from (2, 2, 0) to (2, 2, 10);
+-- Don't call get_steps_using_prefix() with the last partition key c plus
+-- an invalid prefix (ie, b = 1)
+explain (costs off) select * from rp_prefix_test2 where a <= 1 and b = 1 and c >= 0;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rp_prefix_test2_p1 rp_prefix_test2
+   Filter: ((a <= 1) AND (c >= 0) AND (b = 1))
+(2 rows)
+
+create table rp_prefix_test3 (a int, b int, c int, d int) partition by range(a, b, c, d);
+create table rp_prefix_test3_p1 partition of rp_prefix_test3 for values from (1, 1, 1, 0) to (1, 1, 1, 10);
+create table rp_prefix_test3_p2 partition of rp_prefix_test3 for values from (2, 2, 2, 0) to (2, 2, 2, 10);
+-- Test that get_steps_using_prefix() handles a prefix that contains multiple
+-- clauses for the partition key b (ie, b >= 1 and b >= 2)
+explain (costs off) select * from rp_prefix_test3 where a >= 1 and b >= 1 and b >= 2 and c >= 2 and d >= 0;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rp_prefix_test3_p2 rp_prefix_test3
+   Filter: ((a >= 1) AND (b >= 1) AND (b >= 2) AND (c >= 2) AND (d >= 0))
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test that get_steps_using_prefix() handles a prefix that contains multiple
+-- clauses for the partition key b (ie, b >= 1 and b = 2)  (This also tests
+-- that the caller arranges clauses in that prefix in the required order)
+explain (costs off) select * from rp_prefix_test3 where a >= 1 and b >= 1 and b = 2 and c = 2 and d >= 0;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on rp_prefix_test3_p2 rp_prefix_test3
+   Filter: ((a >= 1) AND (b >= 1) AND (d >= 0) AND (b = 2) AND (c = 2))
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table rp_prefix_test1;
+drop table rp_prefix_test2;
+drop table rp_prefix_test3;
+--
+-- Test that get_steps_using_prefix() handles IS NULL clauses correctly
+--
+create table hp_prefix_test (a int, b int, c int, d int)
+  partition by hash (a part_test_int4_ops, b part_test_int4_ops, c part_test_int4_ops, d part_test_int4_ops);
+-- create 8 partitions
+select 'create table hp_prefix_test_p' || x::text || ' partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder ' || x::text || ');'
+from generate_Series(0,7) x;
+                                               ?column?                                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ create table hp_prefix_test_p0 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 0);
+ create table hp_prefix_test_p1 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 1);
+ create table hp_prefix_test_p2 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 2);
+ create table hp_prefix_test_p3 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 3);
+ create table hp_prefix_test_p4 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 4);
+ create table hp_prefix_test_p5 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 5);
+ create table hp_prefix_test_p6 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 6);
+ create table hp_prefix_test_p7 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 7);
+(8 rows)
+
+\gexec
+create table hp_prefix_test_p0 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 0);
+create table hp_prefix_test_p1 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 1);
+create table hp_prefix_test_p2 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 2);
+create table hp_prefix_test_p3 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 3);
+create table hp_prefix_test_p4 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 4);
+create table hp_prefix_test_p5 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 5);
+create table hp_prefix_test_p6 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 6);
+create table hp_prefix_test_p7 partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder 7);
+-- insert 16 rows, one row for each test to perform.
+insert into hp_prefix_test
+select
+  case a when 0 then null else 1 end,
+  case b when 0 then null else 2 end,
+  case c when 0 then null else 3 end,
+  case d when 0 then null else 4 end
+from
+  generate_series(0,1) a,
+  generate_series(0,1) b,
+  generate_Series(0,1) c,
+  generate_Series(0,1) d;
+-- Ensure partition pruning works correctly for each combination of IS NULL
+-- and equality quals.  This may seem a little excessive, but there have been
+-- a number of bugs in this area over the years.  We make use of row only
+-- output to reduce the size of the expected results.
+\t on
+select
+  'explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where ' ||
+  string_agg(c.colname || case when g.s & (1 << c.colpos) = 0 then ' is null' else ' = ' || (colpos+1)::text end, ' and ' order by c.colpos)
+from (values('a',0),('b',1),('c',2),('d',3)) c(colname, colpos), generate_Series(0,15) g(s)
+group by g.s
+order by g.s;
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c is null and d is null
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c is null and d is null
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c is null and d is null
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c is null and d is null
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c = 3 and d is null
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c = 3 and d is null
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c = 3 and d is null
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 3 and d is null
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c is null and d = 4
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c is null and d = 4
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c is null and d = 4
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c is null and d = 4
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c = 3 and d = 4
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c = 3 and d = 4
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c = 3 and d = 4
+ explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 3 and d = 4
+
+\gexec
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c is null and d is null
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p0 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (b IS NULL) AND (c IS NULL) AND (d IS NULL))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c is null and d is null
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p1 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((b IS NULL) AND (c IS NULL) AND (d IS NULL) AND (a = 1))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c is null and d is null
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p2 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (c IS NULL) AND (d IS NULL) AND (b = 2))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c is null and d is null
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p4 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((c IS NULL) AND (d IS NULL) AND (a = 1) AND (b = 2))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c = 3 and d is null
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p3 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (b IS NULL) AND (d IS NULL) AND (c = 3))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c = 3 and d is null
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p7 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((b IS NULL) AND (d IS NULL) AND (a = 1) AND (c = 3))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c = 3 and d is null
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p4 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (d IS NULL) AND (b = 2) AND (c = 3))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 3 and d is null
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p5 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((d IS NULL) AND (a = 1) AND (b = 2) AND (c = 3))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c is null and d = 4
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p4 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (b IS NULL) AND (c IS NULL) AND (d = 4))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c is null and d = 4
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p6 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((b IS NULL) AND (c IS NULL) AND (a = 1) AND (d = 4))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c is null and d = 4
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p5 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (c IS NULL) AND (b = 2) AND (d = 4))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c is null and d = 4
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p6 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((c IS NULL) AND (a = 1) AND (b = 2) AND (d = 4))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c = 3 and d = 4
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p4 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (b IS NULL) AND (c = 3) AND (d = 4))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c = 3 and d = 4
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p5 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((b IS NULL) AND (a = 1) AND (c = 3) AND (d = 4))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c = 3 and d = 4
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p6 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((a IS NULL) AND (b = 2) AND (c = 3) AND (d = 4))
+
+explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 3 and d = 4
+ Seq Scan on hp_prefix_test_p4 hp_prefix_test
+   Filter: ((a = 1) AND (b = 2) AND (c = 3) AND (d = 4))
+
+-- And ensure we get exactly 1 row from each. Again, all 16 possible combinations.
+select
+  'select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where ' ||
+  string_agg(c.colname || case when g.s & (1 << c.colpos) = 0 then ' is null' else ' = ' || (colpos+1)::text end, ' and ' order by c.colpos)
+from (values('a',0),('b',1),('c',2),('d',3)) c(colname, colpos), generate_Series(0,15) g(s)
+group by g.s
+order by g.s;
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c is null and d is null
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c is null and d is null
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c is null and d is null
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c is null and d is null
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c = 3 and d is null
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c = 3 and d is null
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c = 3 and d is null
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 3 and d is null
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c is null and d = 4
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c is null and d = 4
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c is null and d = 4
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c is null and d = 4
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c = 3 and d = 4
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c = 3 and d = 4
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c = 3 and d = 4
+ select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 3 and d = 4
+
+\gexec
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c is null and d is null
+ hp_prefix_test_p0 |   |   |   |  
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c is null and d is null
+ hp_prefix_test_p1 | 1 |   |   |  
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c is null and d is null
+ hp_prefix_test_p2 |   | 2 |   |  
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c is null and d is null
+ hp_prefix_test_p4 | 1 | 2 |   |  
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c = 3 and d is null
+ hp_prefix_test_p3 |   |   | 3 |  
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c = 3 and d is null
+ hp_prefix_test_p7 | 1 |   | 3 |  
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c = 3 and d is null
+ hp_prefix_test_p4 |   | 2 | 3 |  
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 3 and d is null
+ hp_prefix_test_p5 | 1 | 2 | 3 |  
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c is null and d = 4
+ hp_prefix_test_p4 |   |   |   | 4
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c is null and d = 4
+ hp_prefix_test_p6 | 1 |   |   | 4
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c is null and d = 4
+ hp_prefix_test_p5 |   | 2 |   | 4
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c is null and d = 4
+ hp_prefix_test_p6 | 1 | 2 |   | 4
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b is null and c = 3 and d = 4
+ hp_prefix_test_p4 |   |   | 3 | 4
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b is null and c = 3 and d = 4
+ hp_prefix_test_p5 | 1 |   | 3 | 4
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a is null and b = 2 and c = 3 and d = 4
+ hp_prefix_test_p6 |   | 2 | 3 | 4
+
+select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 3 and d = 4
+ hp_prefix_test_p4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
+
+\t off
+drop table hp_prefix_test;
+--
+-- Check that gen_partprune_steps() detects self-contradiction from clauses
+-- regardless of the order of the clauses (Here we use a custom operator to
+-- prevent the equivclass.c machinery from reordering the clauses)
+--
+create operator === (
+   leftarg = int4,
+   rightarg = int4,
+   procedure = int4eq,
+   commutator = ===,
+   hashes
+);
+create operator class part_test_int4_ops2
+for type int4
+using hash as
+operator 1 ===,
+function 2 part_hashint4_noop(int4, int8);
+create table hp_contradict_test (a int, b int) partition by hash (a part_test_int4_ops2, b part_test_int4_ops2);
+create table hp_contradict_test_p1 partition of hp_contradict_test for values with (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+create table hp_contradict_test_p2 partition of hp_contradict_test for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+explain (costs off) select * from hp_contradict_test where a is null and a === 1 and b === 1;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp_contradict_test where a === 1 and b === 1 and a is null;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table hp_contradict_test;
+drop operator class part_test_int4_ops2 using hash;
+drop operator ===(int4, int4);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/password.out b/src/test/regress/expected/password.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c84c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/password.out
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+--
+-- Tests for password types
+--
+-- Tests for GUC password_encryption
+SET password_encryption = 'novalue'; -- error
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "password_encryption": "novalue"
+HINT:  Available values: md5, scram-sha-256.
+SET password_encryption = true; -- error
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "password_encryption": "true"
+HINT:  Available values: md5, scram-sha-256.
+SET password_encryption = 'md5'; -- ok
+SET password_encryption = 'scram-sha-256'; -- ok
+-- consistency of password entries
+SET password_encryption = 'md5';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd1 PASSWORD 'role_pwd1';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd2 PASSWORD 'role_pwd2';
+SET password_encryption = 'scram-sha-256';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd3 PASSWORD 'role_pwd3';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd4 PASSWORD NULL;
+-- check list of created entries
+--
+-- The scram secret will look something like:
+-- SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:E4HxLGtnRzsYwg==$6YtlR4t69SguDiwFvbVgVZtuz6gpJQQqUMZ7IQJK5yI=:ps75jrHeYU4lXCcXI4O8oIdJ3eO8o2jirjruw9phBTo=
+--
+-- Since the salt is random, the exact value stored will be different on every test
+-- run. Use a regular expression to mask the changing parts.
+SELECT rolname, regexp_replace(rolpassword, '(SCRAM-SHA-256)\$(\d+):([a-zA-Z0-9+/=]+)\$([a-zA-Z0-9+=/]+):([a-zA-Z0-9+/=]+)', '\1$\2:<salt>$<storedkey>:<serverkey>') as rolpassword_masked
+    FROM pg_authid
+    WHERE rolname LIKE 'regress_passwd%'
+    ORDER BY rolname, rolpassword;
+     rolname     |                rolpassword_masked                 
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------
+ regress_passwd1 | md5783277baca28003b33453252be4dbb34
+ regress_passwd2 | md54044304ba511dd062133eb5b4b84a2a3
+ regress_passwd3 | SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:<salt>$<storedkey>:<serverkey>
+ regress_passwd4 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Rename a role
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd2 RENAME TO regress_passwd2_new;
+NOTICE:  MD5 password cleared because of role rename
+-- md5 entry should have been removed
+SELECT rolname, rolpassword
+    FROM pg_authid
+    WHERE rolname LIKE 'regress_passwd2_new'
+    ORDER BY rolname, rolpassword;
+       rolname       | rolpassword 
+---------------------+-------------
+ regress_passwd2_new | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd2_new RENAME TO regress_passwd2;
+-- Change passwords with ALTER USER. With plaintext or already-encrypted
+-- passwords.
+SET password_encryption = 'md5';
+-- encrypt with MD5
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd2 PASSWORD 'foo';
+-- already encrypted, use as they are
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd1 PASSWORD 'md5cd3578025fe2c3d7ed1b9a9b26238b70';
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd3 PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:VLK4RMaQLCvNtQ==$6YtlR4t69SguDiwFvbVgVZtuz6gpJQQqUMZ7IQJK5yI=:ps75jrHeYU4lXCcXI4O8oIdJ3eO8o2jirjruw9phBTo=';
+SET password_encryption = 'scram-sha-256';
+-- create SCRAM secret
+ALTER ROLE  regress_passwd4 PASSWORD 'foo';
+-- already encrypted with MD5, use as it is
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd5 PASSWORD 'md5e73a4b11df52a6068f8b39f90be36023';
+-- This looks like a valid SCRAM-SHA-256 secret, but it is not
+-- so it should be hashed with SCRAM-SHA-256.
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd6 PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$1234';
+-- These may look like valid MD5 secrets, but they are not, so they
+-- should be hashed with SCRAM-SHA-256.
+-- trailing garbage at the end
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd7 PASSWORD 'md5012345678901234567890123456789zz';
+-- invalid length
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd8 PASSWORD 'md501234567890123456789012345678901zz';
+SELECT rolname, regexp_replace(rolpassword, '(SCRAM-SHA-256)\$(\d+):([a-zA-Z0-9+/=]+)\$([a-zA-Z0-9+=/]+):([a-zA-Z0-9+/=]+)', '\1$\2:<salt>$<storedkey>:<serverkey>') as rolpassword_masked
+    FROM pg_authid
+    WHERE rolname LIKE 'regress_passwd%'
+    ORDER BY rolname, rolpassword;
+     rolname     |                rolpassword_masked                 
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------
+ regress_passwd1 | md5cd3578025fe2c3d7ed1b9a9b26238b70
+ regress_passwd2 | md5dfa155cadd5f4ad57860162f3fab9cdb
+ regress_passwd3 | SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:<salt>$<storedkey>:<serverkey>
+ regress_passwd4 | SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:<salt>$<storedkey>:<serverkey>
+ regress_passwd5 | md5e73a4b11df52a6068f8b39f90be36023
+ regress_passwd6 | SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:<salt>$<storedkey>:<serverkey>
+ regress_passwd7 | SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:<salt>$<storedkey>:<serverkey>
+ regress_passwd8 | SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:<salt>$<storedkey>:<serverkey>
+(8 rows)
+
+-- An empty password is not allowed, in any form
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd_empty PASSWORD '';
+NOTICE:  empty string is not a valid password, clearing password
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd_empty PASSWORD 'md585939a5ce845f1a1b620742e3c659e0a';
+NOTICE:  empty string is not a valid password, clearing password
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd_empty PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:hpFyHTUsSWcR7O9P$LgZFIt6Oqdo27ZFKbZ2nV+vtnYM995pDh9ca6WSi120=:qVV5NeluNfUPkwm7Vqat25RjSPLkGeoZBQs6wVv+um4=';
+NOTICE:  empty string is not a valid password, clearing password
+SELECT rolpassword FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname='regress_passwd_empty';
+ rolpassword 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test with invalid stored and server keys.
+--
+-- The first is valid, to act as a control. The others have too long
+-- stored/server keys. They will be re-hashed.
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len0 PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:A6xHKoH/494E941doaPOYg==$Ky+A30sewHIH3VHQLRN9vYsuzlgNyGNKCh37dy96Rqw=:COPdlNiIkrsacU5QoxydEuOH6e/KfiipeETb/bPw8ZI=';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len1 PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:A6xHKoH/494E941doaPOYg==$Ky+A30sewHIH3VHQLRN9vYsuzlgNyGNKCh37dy96RqwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=:COPdlNiIkrsacU5QoxydEuOH6e/KfiipeETb/bPw8ZI=';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len2 PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:A6xHKoH/494E941doaPOYg==$Ky+A30sewHIH3VHQLRN9vYsuzlgNyGNKCh37dy96Rqw=:COPdlNiIkrsacU5QoxydEuOH6e/KfiipeETb/bPw8ZIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=';
+-- Check that the invalid secrets were re-hashed. A re-hashed secret
+-- should not contain the original salt.
+SELECT rolname, rolpassword not like '%A6xHKoH/494E941doaPOYg==%' as is_rolpassword_rehashed
+    FROM pg_authid
+    WHERE rolname LIKE 'regress_passwd_sha_len%'
+    ORDER BY rolname;
+         rolname         | is_rolpassword_rehashed 
+-------------------------+-------------------------
+ regress_passwd_sha_len0 | f
+ regress_passwd_sha_len1 | t
+ regress_passwd_sha_len2 | t
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd1;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd2;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd3;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd4;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd5;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd6;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd7;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd8;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd_empty;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len0;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len1;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len2;
+-- all entries should have been removed
+SELECT rolname, rolpassword
+    FROM pg_authid
+    WHERE rolname LIKE 'regress_passwd%'
+    ORDER BY rolname, rolpassword;
+ rolname | rolpassword 
+---------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/path.out b/src/test/regress/expected/path.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ef68d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/path.out
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+--
+-- PATH
+--
+--DROP TABLE PATH_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE PATH_TBL (f1 path);
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)]');
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES (' ( ( 1 , 2 ) , ( 3 , 4 ) ) ');
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[ (0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6) ]');
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('((1,2) ,(3,4 ))');
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('1,2 ,3,4 ');
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES (' [1,2,3, 4] ');
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('((10,20))');	-- Only one point
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[ 11,12,13,14 ]');
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('( 11,12,13,14) ');
+-- bad values for parser testing
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[]');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type path: "[]"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[]');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[(,2),(3,4)]');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type path: "[(,2),(3,4)]"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[(,2),(3,4)]');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type path: "[(1,2),(3,4)"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('(1,2,3,4');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type path: "(1,2,3,4"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('(1,2,3,4');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('(1,2),(3,4)]');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type path: "(1,2),(3,4)]"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('(1,2),(3,4)]');
+                                     ^
+SELECT f1 AS open_path FROM PATH_TBL WHERE isopen(f1);
+         open_path         
+---------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS closed_path FROM PATH_TBL WHERE isclosed(f1);
+    closed_path    
+-------------------
+ ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((10,20))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT pclose(f1) AS closed_path FROM PATH_TBL;
+        closed_path        
+---------------------------
+ ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((1,2),(3,4))
+ ((10,20))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))
+ ((11,12),(13,14))
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT popen(f1) AS open_path FROM PATH_TBL;
+         open_path         
+---------------------------
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(1,2),(3,4)]
+ [(10,20)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]
+ [(11,12),(13,14)]
+(9 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/pg_lsn.out b/src/test/regress/expected/pg_lsn.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99a748a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/pg_lsn.out
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+--
+-- PG_LSN
+--
+CREATE TABLE PG_LSN_TBL (f1 pg_lsn);
+-- Largest and smallest input
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('0/0');
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF');
+-- Incorrect input
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('G/0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_lsn: "G/0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('G/0');
+                                       ^
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('-1/0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_lsn: "-1/0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('-1/0');
+                                       ^
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES (' 0/12345678');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_lsn: " 0/12345678"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES (' 0/12345678');
+                                       ^
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('ABCD/');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_lsn: "ABCD/"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('ABCD/');
+                                       ^
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('/ABCD');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_lsn: "/ABCD"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('/ABCD');
+                                       ^
+-- Min/Max aggregation
+SELECT MIN(f1), MAX(f1) FROM PG_LSN_TBL;
+ min |        max        
+-----+-------------------
+ 0/0 | FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE PG_LSN_TBL;
+-- Operators
+SELECT '0/16AE7F8' = '0/16AE7F8'::pg_lsn;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0/16AE7F8'::pg_lsn != '0/16AE7F7';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7' < '0/16AE7F8'::pg_lsn;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0/16AE7F8' > pg_lsn '0/16AE7F7';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn - '0/16AE7F8'::pg_lsn;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+       -1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0/16AE7F8'::pg_lsn - '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn + 16::numeric;
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ 0/16AE807
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 16::numeric + '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn;
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ 0/16AE807
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn - 16::numeric;
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ 0/16AE7E7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFE'::pg_lsn + 1::numeric;
+     ?column?      
+-------------------
+ FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFE'::pg_lsn + 2::numeric; -- out of range error
+ERROR:  pg_lsn out of range
+SELECT '0/1'::pg_lsn - 1::numeric;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0/1'::pg_lsn - 2::numeric; -- out of range error
+ERROR:  pg_lsn out of range
+SELECT '0/0'::pg_lsn + ('FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF'::pg_lsn - '0/0'::pg_lsn);
+     ?column?      
+-------------------
+ FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF'::pg_lsn - ('FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF'::pg_lsn - '0/0'::pg_lsn);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn + 'NaN'::numeric;
+ERROR:  cannot add NaN to pg_lsn
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn - 'NaN'::numeric;
+ERROR:  cannot subtract NaN from pg_lsn
+-- Check btree and hash opclasses
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT DISTINCT (i || '/' || j)::pg_lsn f
+  FROM generate_series(1, 10) i,
+       generate_series(1, 10) j,
+       generate_series(1, 5) k
+  WHERE i <= 10 AND j > 0 AND j <= 10
+  ORDER BY f;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (((((i.i)::text || '/'::text) || (j.j)::text))::pg_lsn)
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: ((((i.i)::text || '/'::text) || (j.j)::text))::pg_lsn
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Function Scan on generate_series k
+               ->  Materialize
+                     ->  Nested Loop
+                           ->  Function Scan on generate_series j
+                                 Filter: ((j > 0) AND (j <= 10))
+                           ->  Function Scan on generate_series i
+                                 Filter: (i <= 10)
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT DISTINCT (i || '/' || j)::pg_lsn f
+  FROM generate_series(1, 10) i,
+       generate_series(1, 10) j,
+       generate_series(1, 5) k
+  WHERE i <= 10 AND j > 0 AND j <= 10
+  ORDER BY f;
+   f   
+-------
+ 1/1
+ 1/2
+ 1/3
+ 1/4
+ 1/5
+ 1/6
+ 1/7
+ 1/8
+ 1/9
+ 1/10
+ 2/1
+ 2/2
+ 2/3
+ 2/4
+ 2/5
+ 2/6
+ 2/7
+ 2/8
+ 2/9
+ 2/10
+ 3/1
+ 3/2
+ 3/3
+ 3/4
+ 3/5
+ 3/6
+ 3/7
+ 3/8
+ 3/9
+ 3/10
+ 4/1
+ 4/2
+ 4/3
+ 4/4
+ 4/5
+ 4/6
+ 4/7
+ 4/8
+ 4/9
+ 4/10
+ 5/1
+ 5/2
+ 5/3
+ 5/4
+ 5/5
+ 5/6
+ 5/7
+ 5/8
+ 5/9
+ 5/10
+ 6/1
+ 6/2
+ 6/3
+ 6/4
+ 6/5
+ 6/6
+ 6/7
+ 6/8
+ 6/9
+ 6/10
+ 7/1
+ 7/2
+ 7/3
+ 7/4
+ 7/5
+ 7/6
+ 7/7
+ 7/8
+ 7/9
+ 7/10
+ 8/1
+ 8/2
+ 8/3
+ 8/4
+ 8/5
+ 8/6
+ 8/7
+ 8/8
+ 8/9
+ 8/10
+ 9/1
+ 9/2
+ 9/3
+ 9/4
+ 9/5
+ 9/6
+ 9/7
+ 9/8
+ 9/9
+ 9/10
+ 10/1
+ 10/2
+ 10/3
+ 10/4
+ 10/5
+ 10/6
+ 10/7
+ 10/8
+ 10/9
+ 10/10
+(100 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/plancache.out b/src/test/regress/expected/plancache.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e59188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/plancache.out
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+--
+-- Tests to exercise the plan caching/invalidation mechanism
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE pcachetest AS SELECT * FROM int8_tbl;
+-- create and use a cached plan
+PREPARE prepstmt AS SELECT * FROM pcachetest;
+EXECUTE prepstmt;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+-- and one with parameters
+PREPARE prepstmt2(bigint) AS SELECT * FROM pcachetest WHERE q1 = $1;
+EXECUTE prepstmt2(123);
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+-- invalidate the plans and see what happens
+DROP TABLE pcachetest;
+EXECUTE prepstmt;
+ERROR:  relation "pcachetest" does not exist
+EXECUTE prepstmt2(123);
+ERROR:  relation "pcachetest" does not exist
+-- recreate the temp table (this demonstrates that the raw plan is
+-- purely textual and doesn't depend on OIDs, for instance)
+CREATE TEMP TABLE pcachetest AS SELECT * FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 2;
+EXECUTE prepstmt;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+EXECUTE prepstmt2(123);
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+-- prepared statements should prevent change in output tupdesc,
+-- since clients probably aren't expecting that to change on the fly
+ALTER TABLE pcachetest ADD COLUMN q3 bigint;
+EXECUTE prepstmt;
+ERROR:  cached plan must not change result type
+EXECUTE prepstmt2(123);
+ERROR:  cached plan must not change result type
+-- but we're nice guys and will let you undo your mistake
+ALTER TABLE pcachetest DROP COLUMN q3;
+EXECUTE prepstmt;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+EXECUTE prepstmt2(123);
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Try it with a view, which isn't directly used in the resulting plan
+-- but should trigger invalidation anyway
+CREATE TEMP VIEW pcacheview AS
+  SELECT * FROM pcachetest;
+PREPARE vprep AS SELECT * FROM pcacheview;
+EXECUTE vprep;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW pcacheview AS
+  SELECT q1, q2/2 AS q2 FROM pcachetest;
+EXECUTE vprep;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 | -2283945061728394
+ 4567890123456789 |                61
+              123 |               228
+              123 |  2283945061728394
+ 4567890123456789 |  2283945061728394
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Check basic SPI plan invalidation
+create function cache_test(int) returns int as $$
+declare total int;
+begin
+	create temp table t1(f1 int);
+	insert into t1 values($1);
+	insert into t1 values(11);
+	insert into t1 values(12);
+	insert into t1 values(13);
+	select sum(f1) into total from t1;
+	drop table t1;
+	return total;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select cache_test(1);
+ cache_test 
+------------
+         37
+(1 row)
+
+select cache_test(2);
+ cache_test 
+------------
+         38
+(1 row)
+
+select cache_test(3);
+ cache_test 
+------------
+         39
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check invalidation of plpgsql "simple expression"
+create temp view v1 as
+  select 2+2 as f1;
+create function cache_test_2() returns int as $$
+begin
+	return f1 from v1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select cache_test_2();
+ cache_test_2 
+--------------
+            4
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace temp view v1 as
+  select 2+2+4 as f1;
+select cache_test_2();
+ cache_test_2 
+--------------
+            8
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace temp view v1 as
+  select 2+2+4+(select max(unique1) from tenk1) as f1;
+select cache_test_2();
+ cache_test_2 
+--------------
+        10007
+(1 row)
+
+--- Check that change of search_path is honored when re-using cached plan
+create schema s1
+  create table abc (f1 int);
+create schema s2
+  create table abc (f1 int);
+insert into s1.abc values(123);
+insert into s2.abc values(456);
+set search_path = s1;
+prepare p1 as select f1 from abc;
+execute p1;
+ f1  
+-----
+ 123
+(1 row)
+
+set search_path = s2;
+select f1 from abc;
+ f1  
+-----
+ 456
+(1 row)
+
+execute p1;
+ f1  
+-----
+ 456
+(1 row)
+
+alter table s1.abc add column f2 float8;   -- force replan
+execute p1;
+ f1  
+-----
+ 456
+(1 row)
+
+drop schema s1 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table s1.abc
+drop schema s2 cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table abc
+reset search_path;
+-- Check that invalidation deals with regclass constants
+create temp sequence seq;
+prepare p2 as select nextval('seq');
+execute p2;
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+drop sequence seq;
+create temp sequence seq;
+execute p2;
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check DDL via SPI, immediately followed by SPI plan re-use
+-- (bug in original coding)
+create function cachebug() returns void as $$
+declare r int;
+begin
+  drop table if exists temptable cascade;
+  create temp table temptable as select * from generate_series(1,3) as f1;
+  create temp view vv as select * from temptable;
+  for r in select * from vv loop
+    raise notice '%', r;
+  end loop;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select cachebug();
+NOTICE:  table "temptable" does not exist, skipping
+NOTICE:  1
+NOTICE:  2
+NOTICE:  3
+ cachebug 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select cachebug();
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view vv
+NOTICE:  1
+NOTICE:  2
+NOTICE:  3
+ cachebug 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check that addition or removal of any partition is correctly dealt with by
+-- default partition table when it is being used in prepared statement.
+create table pc_list_parted (a int) partition by list(a);
+create table pc_list_part_null partition of pc_list_parted for values in (null);
+create table pc_list_part_1 partition of pc_list_parted for values in (1);
+create table pc_list_part_def partition of pc_list_parted default;
+prepare pstmt_def_insert (int) as insert into pc_list_part_def values($1);
+-- should fail
+execute pstmt_def_insert(null);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "pc_list_part_def" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null).
+execute pstmt_def_insert(1);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "pc_list_part_def" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1).
+create table pc_list_part_2 partition of pc_list_parted for values in (2);
+execute pstmt_def_insert(2);
+ERROR:  new row for relation "pc_list_part_def" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2).
+alter table pc_list_parted detach partition pc_list_part_null;
+-- should be ok
+execute pstmt_def_insert(null);
+drop table pc_list_part_1;
+-- should be ok
+execute pstmt_def_insert(1);
+drop table pc_list_parted, pc_list_part_null;
+deallocate pstmt_def_insert;
+-- Test plan_cache_mode
+create table test_mode (a int);
+insert into test_mode select 1 from generate_series(1,1000) union all select 2;
+create index on test_mode (a);
+analyze test_mode;
+prepare test_mode_pp (int) as select count(*) from test_mode where a = $1;
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+     name     | generic_plans | custom_plans 
+--------------+---------------+--------------
+ test_mode_pp |             0 |            0
+(1 row)
+
+-- up to 5 executions, custom plan is used
+set plan_cache_mode to auto;
+explain (costs off) execute test_mode_pp(2);
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using test_mode_a_idx on test_mode
+         Index Cond: (a = 2)
+(3 rows)
+
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+     name     | generic_plans | custom_plans 
+--------------+---------------+--------------
+ test_mode_pp |             0 |            1
+(1 row)
+
+-- force generic plan
+set plan_cache_mode to force_generic_plan;
+explain (costs off) execute test_mode_pp(2);
+         QUERY PLAN          
+-----------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Seq Scan on test_mode
+         Filter: (a = $1)
+(3 rows)
+
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+     name     | generic_plans | custom_plans 
+--------------+---------------+--------------
+ test_mode_pp |             1 |            1
+(1 row)
+
+-- get to generic plan by 5 executions
+set plan_cache_mode to auto;
+execute test_mode_pp(1); -- 1x
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+execute test_mode_pp(1); -- 2x
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+execute test_mode_pp(1); -- 3x
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+execute test_mode_pp(1); -- 4x
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+     name     | generic_plans | custom_plans 
+--------------+---------------+--------------
+ test_mode_pp |             1 |            5
+(1 row)
+
+execute test_mode_pp(1); -- 5x
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+     name     | generic_plans | custom_plans 
+--------------+---------------+--------------
+ test_mode_pp |             2 |            5
+(1 row)
+
+-- we should now get a really bad plan
+explain (costs off) execute test_mode_pp(2);
+         QUERY PLAN          
+-----------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Seq Scan on test_mode
+         Filter: (a = $1)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- but we can force a custom plan
+set plan_cache_mode to force_custom_plan;
+explain (costs off) execute test_mode_pp(2);
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Only Scan using test_mode_a_idx on test_mode
+         Index Cond: (a = 2)
+(3 rows)
+
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+     name     | generic_plans | custom_plans 
+--------------+---------------+--------------
+ test_mode_pp |             3 |            6
+(1 row)
+
+drop table test_mode;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/plpgsql.out b/src/test/regress/expected/plpgsql.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08e42f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/plpgsql.out
@@ -0,0 +1,5781 @@
+--
+-- PLPGSQL
+--
+-- Scenario:
+--
+--     A building with a modern TP cable installation where any
+--     of the wall connectors can be used to plug in phones,
+--     ethernet interfaces or local office hubs. The backside
+--     of the wall connectors is wired to one of several patch-
+--     fields in the building.
+--
+--     In the patchfields, there are hubs and all the slots
+--     representing the wall connectors. In addition there are
+--     slots that can represent a phone line from the central
+--     phone system.
+--
+--     Triggers ensure consistency of the patching information.
+--
+--     Functions are used to build up powerful views that let
+--     you look behind the wall when looking at a patchfield
+--     or into a room.
+--
+create table Room (
+    roomno	char(8),
+    comment	text
+);
+create unique index Room_rno on Room using btree (roomno bpchar_ops);
+create table WSlot (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    roomno	char(8),
+    slotlink	char(20),
+    backlink	char(20)
+);
+create unique index WSlot_name on WSlot using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+create table PField (
+    name	text,
+    comment	text
+);
+create unique index PField_name on PField using btree (name text_ops);
+create table PSlot (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    pfname	text,
+    slotlink	char(20),
+    backlink	char(20)
+);
+create unique index PSlot_name on PSlot using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+create table PLine (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    phonenumber	char(20),
+    comment	text,
+    backlink	char(20)
+);
+create unique index PLine_name on PLine using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+create table Hub (
+    name	char(14),
+    comment	text,
+    nslots	integer
+);
+create unique index Hub_name on Hub using btree (name bpchar_ops);
+create table HSlot (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    hubname	char(14),
+    slotno	integer,
+    slotlink	char(20)
+);
+create unique index HSlot_name on HSlot using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+create index HSlot_hubname on HSlot using btree (hubname bpchar_ops);
+create table System (
+    name	text,
+    comment	text
+);
+create unique index System_name on System using btree (name text_ops);
+create table IFace (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    sysname	text,
+    ifname	text,
+    slotlink	char(20)
+);
+create unique index IFace_name on IFace using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+create table PHone (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    comment	text,
+    slotlink	char(20)
+);
+create unique index PHone_name on PHone using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+-- ************************************************************
+-- *
+-- * Trigger procedures and functions for the patchfield
+-- * test of PL/pgSQL
+-- *
+-- ************************************************************
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER UPDATE on Room
+-- *	- If room no changes let wall slots follow
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_room_au() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.roomno != old.roomno then
+        update WSlot set roomno = new.roomno where roomno = old.roomno;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_room_au after update
+    on Room for each row execute procedure tg_room_au();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER DELETE on Room
+-- *	- delete wall slots in this room
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_room_ad() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    delete from WSlot where roomno = old.roomno;
+    return old;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_room_ad after delete
+    on Room for each row execute procedure tg_room_ad();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on WSlot
+-- *	- Check that room exists
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_wslot_biu() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+    if count(*) = 0 from Room where roomno = new.roomno then
+        raise exception 'Room % does not exist', new.roomno;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_wslot_biu before insert or update
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_wslot_biu();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER UPDATE on PField
+-- *	- Let PSlots of this field follow
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_pfield_au() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.name != old.name then
+        update PSlot set pfname = new.name where pfname = old.name;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_pfield_au after update
+    on PField for each row execute procedure tg_pfield_au();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER DELETE on PField
+-- *	- Remove all slots of this patchfield
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_pfield_ad() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    delete from PSlot where pfname = old.name;
+    return old;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_pfield_ad after delete
+    on PField for each row execute procedure tg_pfield_ad();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on PSlot
+-- *	- Ensure that our patchfield does exist
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_pslot_biu() returns trigger as $proc$
+declare
+    pfrec	record;
+    ps          alias for new;
+begin
+    select into pfrec * from PField where name = ps.pfname;
+    if not found then
+        raise exception $$Patchfield "%" does not exist$$, ps.pfname;
+    end if;
+    return ps;
+end;
+$proc$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_pslot_biu before insert or update
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_pslot_biu();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER UPDATE on System
+-- *	- If system name changes let interfaces follow
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_system_au() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.name != old.name then
+        update IFace set sysname = new.name where sysname = old.name;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_system_au after update
+    on System for each row execute procedure tg_system_au();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on IFace
+-- *	- set the slotname to IF.sysname.ifname
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_iface_biu() returns trigger as $$
+declare
+    sname	text;
+    sysrec	record;
+begin
+    select into sysrec * from system where name = new.sysname;
+    if not found then
+        raise exception $q$system "%" does not exist$q$, new.sysname;
+    end if;
+    sname := 'IF.' || new.sysname;
+    sname := sname || '.';
+    sname := sname || new.ifname;
+    if length(sname) > 20 then
+        raise exception 'IFace slotname "%" too long (20 char max)', sname;
+    end if;
+    new.slotname := sname;
+    return new;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_iface_biu before insert or update
+    on IFace for each row execute procedure tg_iface_biu();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE on Hub
+-- *	- insert/delete/rename slots as required
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_hub_a() returns trigger as '
+declare
+    hname	text;
+    dummy	integer;
+begin
+    if tg_op = ''INSERT'' then
+	dummy := tg_hub_adjustslots(new.name, 0, new.nslots);
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''UPDATE'' then
+	if new.name != old.name then
+	    update HSlot set hubname = new.name where hubname = old.name;
+	end if;
+	dummy := tg_hub_adjustslots(new.name, old.nslots, new.nslots);
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''DELETE'' then
+	dummy := tg_hub_adjustslots(old.name, old.nslots, 0);
+	return old;
+    end if;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_hub_a after insert or update or delete
+    on Hub for each row execute procedure tg_hub_a();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Support function to add/remove slots of Hub
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_hub_adjustslots(hname bpchar,
+                                   oldnslots integer,
+                                   newnslots integer)
+returns integer as '
+begin
+    if newnslots = oldnslots then
+        return 0;
+    end if;
+    if newnslots < oldnslots then
+        delete from HSlot where hubname = hname and slotno > newnslots;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    for i in oldnslots + 1 .. newnslots loop
+        insert into HSlot (slotname, hubname, slotno, slotlink)
+		values (''HS.dummy'', hname, i, '''');
+    end loop;
+    return 0;
+end
+' language plpgsql;
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON FUNCTION tg_hub_adjustslots_wrong(bpchar, integer, integer) IS 'function with args';
+ERROR:  function tg_hub_adjustslots_wrong(character, integer, integer) does not exist
+COMMENT ON FUNCTION tg_hub_adjustslots(bpchar, integer, integer) IS 'function with args';
+COMMENT ON FUNCTION tg_hub_adjustslots(bpchar, integer, integer) IS NULL;
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on HSlot
+-- *	- prevent from manual manipulation
+-- *	- set the slotname to HS.hubname.slotno
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_hslot_biu() returns trigger as '
+declare
+    sname	text;
+    xname	HSlot.slotname%TYPE;
+    hubrec	record;
+begin
+    select into hubrec * from Hub where name = new.hubname;
+    if not found then
+        raise exception ''no manual manipulation of HSlot'';
+    end if;
+    if new.slotno < 1 or new.slotno > hubrec.nslots then
+        raise exception ''no manual manipulation of HSlot'';
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''UPDATE'' and new.hubname != old.hubname then
+	if count(*) > 0 from Hub where name = old.hubname then
+	    raise exception ''no manual manipulation of HSlot'';
+	end if;
+    end if;
+    sname := ''HS.'' || trim(new.hubname);
+    sname := sname || ''.'';
+    sname := sname || new.slotno::text;
+    if length(sname) > 20 then
+        raise exception ''HSlot slotname "%" too long (20 char max)'', sname;
+    end if;
+    new.slotname := sname;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_hslot_biu before insert or update
+    on HSlot for each row execute procedure tg_hslot_biu();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE DELETE on HSlot
+-- *	- prevent from manual manipulation
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_hslot_bd() returns trigger as '
+declare
+    hubrec	record;
+begin
+    select into hubrec * from Hub where name = old.hubname;
+    if not found then
+        return old;
+    end if;
+    if old.slotno > hubrec.nslots then
+        return old;
+    end if;
+    raise exception ''no manual manipulation of HSlot'';
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_hslot_bd before delete
+    on HSlot for each row execute procedure tg_hslot_bd();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT on all slots
+-- *	- Check name prefix
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_chkslotname() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if substr(new.slotname, 1, 2) != tg_argv[0] then
+        raise exception ''slotname must begin with %'', tg_argv[0];
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_chkslotname before insert
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotname('PS');
+create trigger tg_chkslotname before insert
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotname('WS');
+create trigger tg_chkslotname before insert
+    on PLine for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotname('PL');
+create trigger tg_chkslotname before insert
+    on IFace for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotname('IF');
+create trigger tg_chkslotname before insert
+    on PHone for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotname('PH');
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on all slots with slotlink
+-- *	- Set slotlink to empty string if NULL value given
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_chkslotlink() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotlink isnull then
+        new.slotlink := '''';
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_chkslotlink before insert or update
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotlink();
+create trigger tg_chkslotlink before insert or update
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotlink();
+create trigger tg_chkslotlink before insert or update
+    on IFace for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotlink();
+create trigger tg_chkslotlink before insert or update
+    on HSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotlink();
+create trigger tg_chkslotlink before insert or update
+    on PHone for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotlink();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on all slots with backlink
+-- *	- Set backlink to empty string if NULL value given
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_chkbacklink() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.backlink isnull then
+        new.backlink := '''';
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_chkbacklink before insert or update
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkbacklink();
+create trigger tg_chkbacklink before insert or update
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkbacklink();
+create trigger tg_chkbacklink before insert or update
+    on PLine for each row execute procedure tg_chkbacklink();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on PSlot
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_pslot_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname then
+        delete from PSlot where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into PSlot (
+		    slotname,
+		    pfname,
+		    slotlink,
+		    backlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.pfname,
+		    new.slotlink,
+		    new.backlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_pslot_bu before update
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_pslot_bu();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on WSlot
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_wslot_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname then
+        delete from WSlot where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into WSlot (
+		    slotname,
+		    roomno,
+		    slotlink,
+		    backlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.roomno,
+		    new.slotlink,
+		    new.backlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_wslot_bu before update
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_Wslot_bu();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on PLine
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_pline_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname then
+        delete from PLine where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into PLine (
+		    slotname,
+		    phonenumber,
+		    comment,
+		    backlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.phonenumber,
+		    new.comment,
+		    new.backlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_pline_bu before update
+    on PLine for each row execute procedure tg_pline_bu();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on IFace
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_iface_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname then
+        delete from IFace where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into IFace (
+		    slotname,
+		    sysname,
+		    ifname,
+		    slotlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.sysname,
+		    new.ifname,
+		    new.slotlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_iface_bu before update
+    on IFace for each row execute procedure tg_iface_bu();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on HSlot
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_hslot_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname or new.hubname != old.hubname then
+        delete from HSlot where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into HSlot (
+		    slotname,
+		    hubname,
+		    slotno,
+		    slotlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.hubname,
+		    new.slotno,
+		    new.slotlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_hslot_bu before update
+    on HSlot for each row execute procedure tg_hslot_bu();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on PHone
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_phone_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname then
+        delete from PHone where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into PHone (
+		    slotname,
+		    comment,
+		    slotlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.comment,
+		    new.slotlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_phone_bu before update
+    on PHone for each row execute procedure tg_phone_bu();
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE on slot with backlink
+-- *	- Ensure that the opponent correctly points back to us
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_backlink_a() returns trigger as '
+declare
+    dummy	integer;
+begin
+    if tg_op = ''INSERT'' then
+        if new.backlink != '''' then
+	    dummy := tg_backlink_set(new.backlink, new.slotname);
+	end if;
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''UPDATE'' then
+        if new.backlink != old.backlink then
+	    if old.backlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_backlink_unset(old.backlink, old.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	    if new.backlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_backlink_set(new.backlink, new.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	else
+	    if new.slotname != old.slotname and new.backlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_slotlink_set(new.backlink, new.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	end if;
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''DELETE'' then
+        if old.backlink != '''' then
+	    dummy := tg_backlink_unset(old.backlink, old.slotname);
+	end if;
+	return old;
+    end if;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_backlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_backlink_a('PS');
+create trigger tg_backlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_backlink_a('WS');
+create trigger tg_backlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on PLine for each row execute procedure tg_backlink_a('PL');
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Support function to set the opponents backlink field
+-- * if it does not already point to the requested slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_backlink_set(myname bpchar, blname bpchar)
+returns integer as '
+declare
+    mytype	char(2);
+    link	char(4);
+    rec		record;
+begin
+    mytype := substr(myname, 1, 2);
+    link := mytype || substr(blname, 1, 2);
+    if link = ''PLPL'' then
+        raise exception
+		''backlink between two phone lines does not make sense'';
+    end if;
+    if link in (''PLWS'', ''WSPL'') then
+        raise exception
+		''direct link of phone line to wall slot not permitted'';
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PS'' then
+        select into rec * from PSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink != blname then
+	    update PSlot set backlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''WS'' then
+        select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink != blname then
+	    update WSlot set backlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PL'' then
+        select into rec * from PLine where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink != blname then
+	    update PLine set backlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    raise exception ''illegal backlink beginning with %'', mytype;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Support function to clear out the backlink field if
+-- * it still points to specific slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_backlink_unset(bpchar, bpchar)
+returns integer as '
+declare
+    myname	alias for $1;
+    blname	alias for $2;
+    mytype	char(2);
+    rec		record;
+begin
+    mytype := substr(myname, 1, 2);
+    if mytype = ''PS'' then
+        select into rec * from PSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink = blname then
+	    update PSlot set backlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''WS'' then
+        select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink = blname then
+	    update WSlot set backlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PL'' then
+        select into rec * from PLine where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink = blname then
+	    update PLine set backlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+end
+' language plpgsql;
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE on slot with slotlink
+-- *	- Ensure that the opponent correctly points back to us
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_slotlink_a() returns trigger as '
+declare
+    dummy	integer;
+begin
+    if tg_op = ''INSERT'' then
+        if new.slotlink != '''' then
+	    dummy := tg_slotlink_set(new.slotlink, new.slotname);
+	end if;
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''UPDATE'' then
+        if new.slotlink != old.slotlink then
+	    if old.slotlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_slotlink_unset(old.slotlink, old.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	    if new.slotlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_slotlink_set(new.slotlink, new.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	else
+	    if new.slotname != old.slotname and new.slotlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_slotlink_set(new.slotlink, new.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	end if;
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''DELETE'' then
+        if old.slotlink != '''' then
+	    dummy := tg_slotlink_unset(old.slotlink, old.slotname);
+	end if;
+	return old;
+    end if;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+create trigger tg_slotlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_slotlink_a('PS');
+create trigger tg_slotlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_slotlink_a('WS');
+create trigger tg_slotlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on IFace for each row execute procedure tg_slotlink_a('IF');
+create trigger tg_slotlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on HSlot for each row execute procedure tg_slotlink_a('HS');
+create trigger tg_slotlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on PHone for each row execute procedure tg_slotlink_a('PH');
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Support function to set the opponents slotlink field
+-- * if it does not already point to the requested slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_slotlink_set(bpchar, bpchar)
+returns integer as '
+declare
+    myname	alias for $1;
+    blname	alias for $2;
+    mytype	char(2);
+    link	char(4);
+    rec		record;
+begin
+    mytype := substr(myname, 1, 2);
+    link := mytype || substr(blname, 1, 2);
+    if link = ''PHPH'' then
+        raise exception
+		''slotlink between two phones does not make sense'';
+    end if;
+    if link in (''PHHS'', ''HSPH'') then
+        raise exception
+		''link of phone to hub does not make sense'';
+    end if;
+    if link in (''PHIF'', ''IFPH'') then
+        raise exception
+		''link of phone to hub does not make sense'';
+    end if;
+    if link in (''PSWS'', ''WSPS'') then
+        raise exception
+		''slotlink from patchslot to wallslot not permitted'';
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PS'' then
+        select into rec * from PSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink != blname then
+	    update PSlot set slotlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''WS'' then
+        select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink != blname then
+	    update WSlot set slotlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''IF'' then
+        select into rec * from IFace where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink != blname then
+	    update IFace set slotlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''HS'' then
+        select into rec * from HSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink != blname then
+	    update HSlot set slotlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PH'' then
+        select into rec * from PHone where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink != blname then
+	    update PHone set slotlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    raise exception ''illegal slotlink beginning with %'', mytype;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Support function to clear out the slotlink field if
+-- * it still points to specific slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_slotlink_unset(bpchar, bpchar)
+returns integer as '
+declare
+    myname	alias for $1;
+    blname	alias for $2;
+    mytype	char(2);
+    rec		record;
+begin
+    mytype := substr(myname, 1, 2);
+    if mytype = ''PS'' then
+        select into rec * from PSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink = blname then
+	    update PSlot set slotlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''WS'' then
+        select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink = blname then
+	    update WSlot set slotlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''IF'' then
+        select into rec * from IFace where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink = blname then
+	    update IFace set slotlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''HS'' then
+        select into rec * from HSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink = blname then
+	    update HSlot set slotlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PH'' then
+        select into rec * from PHone where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink = blname then
+	    update PHone set slotlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Describe the backside of a patchfield slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function pslot_backlink_view(bpchar)
+returns text as '
+<<outer>>
+declare
+    rec		record;
+    bltype	char(2);
+    retval	text;
+begin
+    select into rec * from PSlot where slotname = $1;
+    if not found then
+        return '''';
+    end if;
+    if rec.backlink = '''' then
+        return ''-'';
+    end if;
+    bltype := substr(rec.backlink, 1, 2);
+    if bltype = ''PL'' then
+        declare
+	    rec		record;
+	begin
+	    select into rec * from PLine where slotname = "outer".rec.backlink;
+	    retval := ''Phone line '' || trim(rec.phonenumber);
+	    if rec.comment != '''' then
+	        retval := retval || '' ('';
+		retval := retval || rec.comment;
+		retval := retval || '')'';
+	    end if;
+	    return retval;
+	end;
+    end if;
+    if bltype = ''WS'' then
+        select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = rec.backlink;
+	retval := trim(rec.slotname) || '' in room '';
+	retval := retval || trim(rec.roomno);
+	retval := retval || '' -> '';
+	return retval || wslot_slotlink_view(rec.slotname);
+    end if;
+    return rec.backlink;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Describe the front of a patchfield slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function pslot_slotlink_view(bpchar)
+returns text as '
+declare
+    psrec	record;
+    sltype	char(2);
+    retval	text;
+begin
+    select into psrec * from PSlot where slotname = $1;
+    if not found then
+        return '''';
+    end if;
+    if psrec.slotlink = '''' then
+        return ''-'';
+    end if;
+    sltype := substr(psrec.slotlink, 1, 2);
+    if sltype = ''PS'' then
+	retval := trim(psrec.slotlink) || '' -> '';
+	return retval || pslot_backlink_view(psrec.slotlink);
+    end if;
+    if sltype = ''HS'' then
+        retval := comment from Hub H, HSlot HS
+			where HS.slotname = psrec.slotlink
+			  and H.name = HS.hubname;
+        retval := retval || '' slot '';
+	retval := retval || slotno::text from HSlot
+			where slotname = psrec.slotlink;
+	return retval;
+    end if;
+    return psrec.slotlink;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Describe the front of a wall connector slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function wslot_slotlink_view(bpchar)
+returns text as '
+declare
+    rec		record;
+    sltype	char(2);
+    retval	text;
+begin
+    select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = $1;
+    if not found then
+        return '''';
+    end if;
+    if rec.slotlink = '''' then
+        return ''-'';
+    end if;
+    sltype := substr(rec.slotlink, 1, 2);
+    if sltype = ''PH'' then
+        select into rec * from PHone where slotname = rec.slotlink;
+	retval := ''Phone '' || trim(rec.slotname);
+	if rec.comment != '''' then
+	    retval := retval || '' ('';
+	    retval := retval || rec.comment;
+	    retval := retval || '')'';
+	end if;
+	return retval;
+    end if;
+    if sltype = ''IF'' then
+	declare
+	    syrow	System%RowType;
+	    ifrow	IFace%ROWTYPE;
+        begin
+	    select into ifrow * from IFace where slotname = rec.slotlink;
+	    select into syrow * from System where name = ifrow.sysname;
+	    retval := syrow.name || '' IF '';
+	    retval := retval || ifrow.ifname;
+	    if syrow.comment != '''' then
+	        retval := retval || '' ('';
+		retval := retval || syrow.comment;
+		retval := retval || '')'';
+	    end if;
+	    return retval;
+	end;
+    end if;
+    return rec.slotlink;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * View of a patchfield describing backside and patches
+-- ************************************************************
+create view Pfield_v1 as select PF.pfname, PF.slotname,
+	pslot_backlink_view(PF.slotname) as backside,
+	pslot_slotlink_view(PF.slotname) as patch
+    from PSlot PF;
+--
+-- First we build the house - so we create the rooms
+--
+insert into Room values ('001', 'Entrance');
+insert into Room values ('002', 'Office');
+insert into Room values ('003', 'Office');
+insert into Room values ('004', 'Technical');
+insert into Room values ('101', 'Office');
+insert into Room values ('102', 'Conference');
+insert into Room values ('103', 'Restroom');
+insert into Room values ('104', 'Technical');
+insert into Room values ('105', 'Office');
+insert into Room values ('106', 'Office');
+--
+-- Second we install the wall connectors
+--
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.1a', '001', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.1b', '001', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.2a', '001', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.2b', '001', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.3a', '001', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.3b', '001', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.1a', '002', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.1b', '002', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.2a', '002', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.2b', '002', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.3a', '002', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.3b', '002', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.1a', '003', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.1b', '003', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.2a', '003', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.2b', '003', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.3a', '003', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.3b', '003', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.1a', '101', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.1b', '101', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.2a', '101', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.2b', '101', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.3a', '101', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.3b', '101', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.1a', '102', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.1b', '102', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.2a', '102', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.2b', '102', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.3a', '102', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.3b', '102', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.1a', '105', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.1b', '105', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.2a', '105', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.2b', '105', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.3a', '105', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.3b', '105', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.1a', '106', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.1b', '106', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.2a', '106', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.2b', '106', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.3a', '106', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.3b', '106', '', '');
+--
+-- Now create the patch fields and their slots
+--
+insert into PField values ('PF0_1', 'Wallslots basement');
+--
+-- The cables for these will be made later, so they are unconnected for now
+--
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a1', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a2', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a3', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a4', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a5', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a6', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+--
+-- These are already wired to the wall connectors
+--
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b1', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b2', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b3', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b4', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b5', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b6', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.3b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c1', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c2', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c3', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c4', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c5', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c6', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.3b');
+--
+-- This patchfield will be renamed later into PF0_2 - so its
+-- slots references in pfname should follow
+--
+insert into PField values ('PF0_X', 'Phonelines basement');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta1', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta2', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta3', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta4', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta5', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta6', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb1', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb2', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb3', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb4', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb5', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb6', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PField values ('PF1_1', 'Wallslots first floor');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a1', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a2', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a3', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a4', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a5', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a6', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.3b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b1', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b2', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b3', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b4', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b5', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b6', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.3b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c1', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c2', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c3', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c4', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c5', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c6', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.3b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d1', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d2', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d3', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d4', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d5', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d6', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.3b');
+--
+-- Now we wire the wall connectors 1a-2a in room 001 to the
+-- patchfield. In the second update we make an error, and
+-- correct it after
+--
+update PSlot set backlink = 'WS.001.1a' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+update PSlot set backlink = 'WS.001.1b' where slotname = 'PS.base.a3';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+       slotname       |  roomno  |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+----------+----------------------+----------------------
+ WS.001.1a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a1          
+ WS.001.1b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a3          
+ WS.001.2a            | 001      |                      |                     
+ WS.001.2b            | 001      |                      |                     
+ WS.001.3a            | 001      |                      |                     
+ WS.001.3b            | 001      |                      |                     
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+       slotname       | pfname |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+--------+----------------------+----------------------
+ PS.base.a1           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1a           
+ PS.base.a2           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.a3           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1b           
+ PS.base.a4           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.a5           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.a6           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+(6 rows)
+
+update PSlot set backlink = 'WS.001.2a' where slotname = 'PS.base.a3';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+       slotname       |  roomno  |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+----------+----------------------+----------------------
+ WS.001.1a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a1          
+ WS.001.1b            | 001      |                      |                     
+ WS.001.2a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a3          
+ WS.001.2b            | 001      |                      |                     
+ WS.001.3a            | 001      |                      |                     
+ WS.001.3b            | 001      |                      |                     
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+       slotname       | pfname |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+--------+----------------------+----------------------
+ PS.base.a1           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1a           
+ PS.base.a2           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.a3           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.2a           
+ PS.base.a4           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.a5           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.a6           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+(6 rows)
+
+update PSlot set backlink = 'WS.001.1b' where slotname = 'PS.base.a2';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+       slotname       |  roomno  |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+----------+----------------------+----------------------
+ WS.001.1a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a1          
+ WS.001.1b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a2          
+ WS.001.2a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a3          
+ WS.001.2b            | 001      |                      |                     
+ WS.001.3a            | 001      |                      |                     
+ WS.001.3b            | 001      |                      |                     
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+       slotname       | pfname |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+--------+----------------------+----------------------
+ PS.base.a1           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1a           
+ PS.base.a2           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1b           
+ PS.base.a3           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.2a           
+ PS.base.a4           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.a5           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.a6           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+(6 rows)
+
+--
+-- Same procedure for 2b-3b but this time updating the WSlot instead
+-- of the PSlot. Due to the triggers the result is the same:
+-- WSlot and corresponding PSlot point to each other.
+--
+update WSlot set backlink = 'PS.base.a4' where slotname = 'WS.001.2b';
+update WSlot set backlink = 'PS.base.a6' where slotname = 'WS.001.3a';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+       slotname       |  roomno  |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+----------+----------------------+----------------------
+ WS.001.1a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a1          
+ WS.001.1b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a2          
+ WS.001.2a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a3          
+ WS.001.2b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a4          
+ WS.001.3a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a6          
+ WS.001.3b            | 001      |                      |                     
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+       slotname       | pfname |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+--------+----------------------+----------------------
+ PS.base.a1           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1a           
+ PS.base.a2           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1b           
+ PS.base.a3           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.2a           
+ PS.base.a4           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.2b           
+ PS.base.a5           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.a6           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.3a           
+(6 rows)
+
+update WSlot set backlink = 'PS.base.a6' where slotname = 'WS.001.3b';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+       slotname       |  roomno  |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+----------+----------------------+----------------------
+ WS.001.1a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a1          
+ WS.001.1b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a2          
+ WS.001.2a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a3          
+ WS.001.2b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a4          
+ WS.001.3a            | 001      |                      |                     
+ WS.001.3b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a6          
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+       slotname       | pfname |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+--------+----------------------+----------------------
+ PS.base.a1           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1a           
+ PS.base.a2           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1b           
+ PS.base.a3           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.2a           
+ PS.base.a4           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.2b           
+ PS.base.a5           | PF0_1  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.a6           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.3b           
+(6 rows)
+
+update WSlot set backlink = 'PS.base.a5' where slotname = 'WS.001.3a';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+       slotname       |  roomno  |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+----------+----------------------+----------------------
+ WS.001.1a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a1          
+ WS.001.1b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a2          
+ WS.001.2a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a3          
+ WS.001.2b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a4          
+ WS.001.3a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a5          
+ WS.001.3b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a6          
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+       slotname       | pfname |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+--------+----------------------+----------------------
+ PS.base.a1           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1a           
+ PS.base.a2           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1b           
+ PS.base.a3           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.2a           
+ PS.base.a4           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.2b           
+ PS.base.a5           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.3a           
+ PS.base.a6           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.3b           
+(6 rows)
+
+insert into PField values ('PF1_2', 'Phonelines first floor');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta1', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta2', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta3', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta4', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta5', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta6', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb1', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb2', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb3', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb4', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb5', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb6', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+--
+-- Fix the wrong name for patchfield PF0_2
+--
+update PField set name = 'PF0_2' where name = 'PF0_X';
+select * from PSlot order by slotname;
+       slotname       | pfname |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+--------+----------------------+----------------------
+ PS.base.a1           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1a           
+ PS.base.a2           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.1b           
+ PS.base.a3           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.2a           
+ PS.base.a4           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.2b           
+ PS.base.a5           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.3a           
+ PS.base.a6           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.001.3b           
+ PS.base.b1           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.002.1a           
+ PS.base.b2           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.002.1b           
+ PS.base.b3           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.002.2a           
+ PS.base.b4           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.002.2b           
+ PS.base.b5           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.002.3a           
+ PS.base.b6           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.002.3b           
+ PS.base.c1           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.003.1a           
+ PS.base.c2           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.003.1b           
+ PS.base.c3           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.003.2a           
+ PS.base.c4           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.003.2b           
+ PS.base.c5           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.003.3a           
+ PS.base.c6           | PF0_1  |                      | WS.003.3b           
+ PS.base.ta1          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.ta2          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.ta3          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.ta4          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.ta5          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.ta6          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.tb1          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.tb2          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.tb3          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.tb4          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.tb5          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.base.tb6          | PF0_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.a1          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.101.1a           
+ PS.first.a2          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.101.1b           
+ PS.first.a3          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.101.2a           
+ PS.first.a4          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.101.2b           
+ PS.first.a5          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.101.3a           
+ PS.first.a6          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.101.3b           
+ PS.first.b1          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.102.1a           
+ PS.first.b2          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.102.1b           
+ PS.first.b3          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.102.2a           
+ PS.first.b4          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.102.2b           
+ PS.first.b5          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.102.3a           
+ PS.first.b6          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.102.3b           
+ PS.first.c1          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.105.1a           
+ PS.first.c2          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.105.1b           
+ PS.first.c3          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.105.2a           
+ PS.first.c4          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.105.2b           
+ PS.first.c5          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.105.3a           
+ PS.first.c6          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.105.3b           
+ PS.first.d1          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.106.1a           
+ PS.first.d2          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.106.1b           
+ PS.first.d3          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.106.2a           
+ PS.first.d4          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.106.2b           
+ PS.first.d5          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.106.3a           
+ PS.first.d6          | PF1_1  |                      | WS.106.3b           
+ PS.first.ta1         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.ta2         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.ta3         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.ta4         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.ta5         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.ta6         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.tb1         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.tb2         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.tb3         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.tb4         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.tb5         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+ PS.first.tb6         | PF1_2  |                      |                     
+(66 rows)
+
+select * from WSlot order by slotname;
+       slotname       |  roomno  |       slotlink       |       backlink       
+----------------------+----------+----------------------+----------------------
+ WS.001.1a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a1          
+ WS.001.1b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a2          
+ WS.001.2a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a3          
+ WS.001.2b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a4          
+ WS.001.3a            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a5          
+ WS.001.3b            | 001      |                      | PS.base.a6          
+ WS.002.1a            | 002      |                      | PS.base.b1          
+ WS.002.1b            | 002      |                      | PS.base.b2          
+ WS.002.2a            | 002      |                      | PS.base.b3          
+ WS.002.2b            | 002      |                      | PS.base.b4          
+ WS.002.3a            | 002      |                      | PS.base.b5          
+ WS.002.3b            | 002      |                      | PS.base.b6          
+ WS.003.1a            | 003      |                      | PS.base.c1          
+ WS.003.1b            | 003      |                      | PS.base.c2          
+ WS.003.2a            | 003      |                      | PS.base.c3          
+ WS.003.2b            | 003      |                      | PS.base.c4          
+ WS.003.3a            | 003      |                      | PS.base.c5          
+ WS.003.3b            | 003      |                      | PS.base.c6          
+ WS.101.1a            | 101      |                      | PS.first.a1         
+ WS.101.1b            | 101      |                      | PS.first.a2         
+ WS.101.2a            | 101      |                      | PS.first.a3         
+ WS.101.2b            | 101      |                      | PS.first.a4         
+ WS.101.3a            | 101      |                      | PS.first.a5         
+ WS.101.3b            | 101      |                      | PS.first.a6         
+ WS.102.1a            | 102      |                      | PS.first.b1         
+ WS.102.1b            | 102      |                      | PS.first.b2         
+ WS.102.2a            | 102      |                      | PS.first.b3         
+ WS.102.2b            | 102      |                      | PS.first.b4         
+ WS.102.3a            | 102      |                      | PS.first.b5         
+ WS.102.3b            | 102      |                      | PS.first.b6         
+ WS.105.1a            | 105      |                      | PS.first.c1         
+ WS.105.1b            | 105      |                      | PS.first.c2         
+ WS.105.2a            | 105      |                      | PS.first.c3         
+ WS.105.2b            | 105      |                      | PS.first.c4         
+ WS.105.3a            | 105      |                      | PS.first.c5         
+ WS.105.3b            | 105      |                      | PS.first.c6         
+ WS.106.1a            | 106      |                      | PS.first.d1         
+ WS.106.1b            | 106      |                      | PS.first.d2         
+ WS.106.2a            | 106      |                      | PS.first.d3         
+ WS.106.2b            | 106      |                      | PS.first.d4         
+ WS.106.3a            | 106      |                      | PS.first.d5         
+ WS.106.3b            | 106      |                      | PS.first.d6         
+(42 rows)
+
+--
+-- Install the central phone system and create the phone numbers.
+-- They are wired on insert to the patchfields. Again the
+-- triggers automatically tell the PSlots to update their
+-- backlink field.
+--
+insert into PLine values ('PL.001', '-0', 'Central call', 'PS.base.ta1');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.002', '-101', '', 'PS.base.ta2');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.003', '-102', '', 'PS.base.ta3');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.004', '-103', '', 'PS.base.ta5');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.005', '-104', '', 'PS.base.ta6');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.006', '-106', '', 'PS.base.tb2');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.007', '-108', '', 'PS.base.tb3');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.008', '-109', '', 'PS.base.tb4');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.009', '-121', '', 'PS.base.tb5');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.010', '-122', '', 'PS.base.tb6');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.015', '-134', '', 'PS.first.ta1');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.016', '-137', '', 'PS.first.ta3');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.017', '-139', '', 'PS.first.ta4');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.018', '-362', '', 'PS.first.tb1');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.019', '-363', '', 'PS.first.tb2');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.020', '-364', '', 'PS.first.tb3');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.021', '-365', '', 'PS.first.tb5');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.022', '-367', '', 'PS.first.tb6');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.028', '-501', 'Fax entrance', 'PS.base.ta2');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.029', '-502', 'Fax first floor', 'PS.first.ta1');
+--
+-- Buy some phones, plug them into the wall and patch the
+-- phone lines to the corresponding patchfield slots.
+--
+insert into PHone values ('PH.hc001', 'Hicom standard', 'WS.001.1a');
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'PS.base.ta1' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+insert into PHone values ('PH.hc002', 'Hicom standard', 'WS.002.1a');
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'PS.base.ta5' where slotname = 'PS.base.b1';
+insert into PHone values ('PH.hc003', 'Hicom standard', 'WS.002.2a');
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'PS.base.tb2' where slotname = 'PS.base.b3';
+insert into PHone values ('PH.fax001', 'Canon fax', 'WS.001.2a');
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'PS.base.ta2' where slotname = 'PS.base.a3';
+--
+-- Install a hub at one of the patchfields, plug a computers
+-- ethernet interface into the wall and patch it to the hub.
+--
+insert into Hub values ('base.hub1', 'Patchfield PF0_1 hub', 16);
+insert into System values ('orion', 'PC');
+insert into IFace values ('IF', 'orion', 'eth0', 'WS.002.1b');
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'HS.base.hub1.1' where slotname = 'PS.base.b2';
+--
+-- Now we take a look at the patchfield
+--
+select * from PField_v1 where pfname = 'PF0_1' order by slotname;
+ pfname |       slotname       |                         backside                         |                     patch                     
+--------+----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.a1           | WS.001.1a in room 001 -> Phone PH.hc001 (Hicom standard) | PS.base.ta1 -> Phone line -0 (Central call)
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.a2           | WS.001.1b in room 001 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.a3           | WS.001.2a in room 001 -> Phone PH.fax001 (Canon fax)     | PS.base.ta2 -> Phone line -501 (Fax entrance)
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.a4           | WS.001.2b in room 001 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.a5           | WS.001.3a in room 001 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.a6           | WS.001.3b in room 001 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.b1           | WS.002.1a in room 002 -> Phone PH.hc002 (Hicom standard) | PS.base.ta5 -> Phone line -103
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.b2           | WS.002.1b in room 002 -> orion IF eth0 (PC)              | Patchfield PF0_1 hub slot 1
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.b3           | WS.002.2a in room 002 -> Phone PH.hc003 (Hicom standard) | PS.base.tb2 -> Phone line -106
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.b4           | WS.002.2b in room 002 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.b5           | WS.002.3a in room 002 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.b6           | WS.002.3b in room 002 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.c1           | WS.003.1a in room 003 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.c2           | WS.003.1b in room 003 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.c3           | WS.003.2a in room 003 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.c4           | WS.003.2b in room 003 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.c5           | WS.003.3a in room 003 -> -                               | -
+ PF0_1  | PS.base.c6           | WS.003.3b in room 003 -> -                               | -
+(18 rows)
+
+select * from PField_v1 where pfname = 'PF0_2' order by slotname;
+ pfname |       slotname       |            backside            |                                 patch                                  
+--------+----------------------+--------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.ta1          | Phone line -0 (Central call)   | PS.base.a1 -> WS.001.1a in room 001 -> Phone PH.hc001 (Hicom standard)
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.ta2          | Phone line -501 (Fax entrance) | PS.base.a3 -> WS.001.2a in room 001 -> Phone PH.fax001 (Canon fax)
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.ta3          | Phone line -102                | -
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.ta4          | -                              | -
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.ta5          | Phone line -103                | PS.base.b1 -> WS.002.1a in room 002 -> Phone PH.hc002 (Hicom standard)
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.ta6          | Phone line -104                | -
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.tb1          | -                              | -
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.tb2          | Phone line -106                | PS.base.b3 -> WS.002.2a in room 002 -> Phone PH.hc003 (Hicom standard)
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.tb3          | Phone line -108                | -
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.tb4          | Phone line -109                | -
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.tb5          | Phone line -121                | -
+ PF0_2  | PS.base.tb6          | Phone line -122                | -
+(12 rows)
+
+--
+-- Finally we want errors
+--
+insert into PField values ('PF1_1', 'should fail due to unique index');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "pfield_name"
+DETAIL:  Key (name)=(PF1_1) already exists.
+update PSlot set backlink = 'WS.not.there' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+ERROR:  WS.not.there         does not exist
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tg_backlink_set(character,character) line 30 at RAISE
+PL/pgSQL function tg_backlink_a() line 17 at assignment
+update PSlot set backlink = 'XX.illegal' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+ERROR:  illegal backlink beginning with XX
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tg_backlink_set(character,character) line 47 at RAISE
+PL/pgSQL function tg_backlink_a() line 17 at assignment
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'PS.not.there' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+ERROR:  PS.not.there         does not exist
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tg_slotlink_set(character,character) line 30 at RAISE
+PL/pgSQL function tg_slotlink_a() line 17 at assignment
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'XX.illegal' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+ERROR:  illegal slotlink beginning with XX
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tg_slotlink_set(character,character) line 77 at RAISE
+PL/pgSQL function tg_slotlink_a() line 17 at assignment
+insert into HSlot values ('HS', 'base.hub1', 1, '');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "hslot_name"
+DETAIL:  Key (slotname)=(HS.base.hub1.1      ) already exists.
+insert into HSlot values ('HS', 'base.hub1', 20, '');
+ERROR:  no manual manipulation of HSlot
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tg_hslot_biu() line 12 at RAISE
+delete from HSlot;
+ERROR:  no manual manipulation of HSlot
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tg_hslot_bd() line 12 at RAISE
+insert into IFace values ('IF', 'notthere', 'eth0', '');
+ERROR:  system "notthere" does not exist
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tg_iface_biu() line 8 at RAISE
+insert into IFace values ('IF', 'orion', 'ethernet_interface_name_too_long', '');
+ERROR:  IFace slotname "IF.orion.ethernet_interface_name_too_long" too long (20 char max)
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tg_iface_biu() line 14 at RAISE
+--
+-- The following tests are unrelated to the scenario outlined above;
+-- they merely exercise specific parts of PL/pgSQL
+--
+--
+-- Test recursion, per bug report 7-Sep-01
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION recursion_test(int,int) RETURNS text AS '
+DECLARE rslt text;
+BEGIN
+    IF $1 <= 0 THEN
+        rslt = CAST($2 AS TEXT);
+    ELSE
+        rslt = CAST($1 AS TEXT) || '','' || recursion_test($1 - 1, $2);
+    END IF;
+    RETURN rslt;
+END;' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT recursion_test(4,3);
+ recursion_test 
+----------------
+ 4,3,2,1,3
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test the FOUND magic variable
+--
+CREATE TABLE found_test_tbl (a int);
+create function test_found()
+  returns boolean as '
+  declare
+  begin
+  insert into found_test_tbl values (1);
+  if FOUND then
+     insert into found_test_tbl values (2);
+  end if;
+
+  update found_test_tbl set a = 100 where a = 1;
+  if FOUND then
+    insert into found_test_tbl values (3);
+  end if;
+
+  delete from found_test_tbl where a = 9999; -- matches no rows
+  if not FOUND then
+    insert into found_test_tbl values (4);
+  end if;
+
+  for i in 1 .. 10 loop
+    -- no need to do anything
+  end loop;
+  if FOUND then
+    insert into found_test_tbl values (5);
+  end if;
+
+  -- never executes the loop
+  for i in 2 .. 1 loop
+    -- no need to do anything
+  end loop;
+  if not FOUND then
+    insert into found_test_tbl values (6);
+  end if;
+  return true;
+  end;' language plpgsql;
+select test_found();
+ test_found 
+------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select * from found_test_tbl;
+  a  
+-----
+   2
+ 100
+   3
+   4
+   5
+   6
+(6 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test set-returning functions for PL/pgSQL
+--
+create function test_table_func_rec() returns setof found_test_tbl as '
+DECLARE
+	rec RECORD;
+BEGIN
+	FOR rec IN select * from found_test_tbl LOOP
+		RETURN NEXT rec;
+	END LOOP;
+	RETURN;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+select * from test_table_func_rec();
+  a  
+-----
+   2
+ 100
+   3
+   4
+   5
+   6
+(6 rows)
+
+create function test_table_func_row() returns setof found_test_tbl as '
+DECLARE
+	row found_test_tbl%ROWTYPE;
+BEGIN
+	FOR row IN select * from found_test_tbl LOOP
+		RETURN NEXT row;
+	END LOOP;
+	RETURN;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+select * from test_table_func_row();
+  a  
+-----
+   2
+ 100
+   3
+   4
+   5
+   6
+(6 rows)
+
+create function test_ret_set_scalar(int,int) returns setof int as '
+DECLARE
+	i int;
+BEGIN
+	FOR i IN $1 .. $2 LOOP
+		RETURN NEXT i + 1;
+	END LOOP;
+	RETURN;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+select * from test_ret_set_scalar(1,10);
+ test_ret_set_scalar 
+---------------------
+                   2
+                   3
+                   4
+                   5
+                   6
+                   7
+                   8
+                   9
+                  10
+                  11
+(10 rows)
+
+create function test_ret_set_rec_dyn(int) returns setof record as '
+DECLARE
+	retval RECORD;
+BEGIN
+	IF $1 > 10 THEN
+		SELECT INTO retval 5, 10, 15;
+		RETURN NEXT retval;
+		RETURN NEXT retval;
+	ELSE
+		SELECT INTO retval 50, 5::numeric, ''xxx''::text;
+		RETURN NEXT retval;
+		RETURN NEXT retval;
+	END IF;
+	RETURN;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+SELECT * FROM test_ret_set_rec_dyn(1500) AS (a int, b int, c int);
+ a | b  | c  
+---+----+----
+ 5 | 10 | 15
+ 5 | 10 | 15
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM test_ret_set_rec_dyn(5) AS (a int, b numeric, c text);
+ a  | b |  c  
+----+---+-----
+ 50 | 5 | xxx
+ 50 | 5 | xxx
+(2 rows)
+
+create function test_ret_rec_dyn(int) returns record as '
+DECLARE
+	retval RECORD;
+BEGIN
+	IF $1 > 10 THEN
+		SELECT INTO retval 5, 10, 15;
+		RETURN retval;
+	ELSE
+		SELECT INTO retval 50, 5::numeric, ''xxx''::text;
+		RETURN retval;
+	END IF;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+SELECT * FROM test_ret_rec_dyn(1500) AS (a int, b int, c int);
+ a | b  | c  
+---+----+----
+ 5 | 10 | 15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM test_ret_rec_dyn(5) AS (a int, b numeric, c text);
+ a  | b |  c  
+----+---+-----
+ 50 | 5 | xxx
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test some simple polymorphism cases.
+--
+create function f1(x anyelement) returns anyelement as $$
+begin
+  return x + 1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select f1(42) as int, f1(4.5) as num;
+ int | num 
+-----+-----
+  43 | 5.5
+(1 row)
+
+select f1(point(3,4));  -- fail for lack of + operator
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: point + integer
+LINE 1: x + 1
+          ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+QUERY:  x + 1
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function f1(anyelement) line 3 at RETURN
+drop function f1(x anyelement);
+create function f1(x anyelement) returns anyarray as $$
+begin
+  return array[x + 1, x + 2];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select f1(42) as int, f1(4.5) as num;
+   int   |    num    
+---------+-----------
+ {43,44} | {5.5,6.5}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function f1(x anyelement);
+create function f1(x anyarray) returns anyelement as $$
+begin
+  return x[1];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select f1(array[2,4]) as int, f1(array[4.5, 7.7]) as num;
+ int | num 
+-----+-----
+   2 | 4.5
+(1 row)
+
+select f1(stavalues1) from pg_statistic;  -- fail, can't infer element type
+ERROR:  cannot determine element type of "anyarray" argument
+drop function f1(x anyarray);
+create function f1(x anyarray) returns anyarray as $$
+begin
+  return x;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select f1(array[2,4]) as int, f1(array[4.5, 7.7]) as num;
+  int  |    num    
+-------+-----------
+ {2,4} | {4.5,7.7}
+(1 row)
+
+select f1(stavalues1) from pg_statistic;  -- fail, can't infer element type
+ERROR:  PL/pgSQL functions cannot accept type anyarray
+CONTEXT:  compilation of PL/pgSQL function "f1" near line 1
+drop function f1(x anyarray);
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function f1(x anyelement) returns anyrange as $$
+begin
+  return array[x + 1, x + 2];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyrange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
+create function f1(x anyrange) returns anyarray as $$
+begin
+  return array[lower(x), upper(x)];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select f1(int4range(42, 49)) as int, f1(float8range(4.5, 7.8)) as num;
+   int   |    num    
+---------+-----------
+ {42,49} | {4.5,7.8}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function f1(x anyrange);
+create function f1(x anycompatible, y anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+begin
+  return array[x, y];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select f1(2, 4) as int, f1(2, 4.5) as num;
+  int  |   num   
+-------+---------
+ {2,4} | {2,4.5}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function f1(x anycompatible, y anycompatible);
+create function f1(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+begin
+  return array[lower(x), upper(x), y, z];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select f1(int4range(42, 49), 11, 2::smallint) as int, f1(float8range(4.5, 7.8), 7.8, 11::real) as num;
+     int      |       num        
+--------------+------------------
+ {42,49,11,2} | {4.5,7.8,7.8,11}
+(1 row)
+
+select f1(int4range(42, 49), 11, 4.5) as fail;  -- range type doesn't fit
+ERROR:  function f1(int4range, integer, numeric) does not exist
+LINE 1: select f1(int4range(42, 49), 11, 4.5) as fail;
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function f1(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible);
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function f1(x anycompatible) returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+begin
+  return array[x + 1, x + 2];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatiblerange requires at least one input of type anycompatiblerange or anycompatiblemultirange.
+create function f1(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatiblearray) returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+begin
+  return x;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select f1(int4range(42, 49), array[11]) as int, f1(float8range(4.5, 7.8), array[7]) as num;
+   int   |    num    
+---------+-----------
+ [42,49) | [4.5,7.8)
+(1 row)
+
+drop function f1(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatiblearray);
+create function f1(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                   c anycompatible, d anycompatible,
+                   OUT x anyarray, OUT y anycompatiblearray)
+as $$
+begin
+  x := a || b;
+  y := array[c, d];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from f1(11, array[1, 2], 42, 34.5);
+    x     | pg_typeof |     y     | pg_typeof 
+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+ {11,1,2} | integer[] | {42,34.5} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from f1(11, array[1, 2], point(1,2), point(3,4));
+    x     | pg_typeof |         y         | pg_typeof 
+----------+-----------+-------------------+-----------
+ {11,1,2} | integer[] | {"(1,2)","(3,4)"} | point[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from f1(11, '{1,2}', point(1,2), '(3,4)');
+    x     | pg_typeof |         y         | pg_typeof 
+----------+-----------+-------------------+-----------
+ {11,1,2} | integer[] | {"(1,2)","(3,4)"} | point[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from f1(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, 34.5);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function f1(integer, numeric[], integer, numeric) does not exist
+LINE 2:   from f1(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, 34.5);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function f1(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                 c anycompatible, d anycompatible);
+--
+-- Test handling of OUT parameters, including polymorphic cases.
+-- Note that RETURN is optional with OUT params; we try both ways.
+--
+-- wrong way to do it:
+create function f1(in i int, out j int) returns int as $$
+begin
+  return i+1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  RETURN cannot have a parameter in function with OUT parameters
+LINE 3:   return i+1;
+                 ^
+create function f1(in i int, out j int) as $$
+begin
+  j := i+1;
+  return;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select f1(42);
+ f1 
+----
+ 43
+(1 row)
+
+select * from f1(42);
+ j  
+----
+ 43
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function f1(inout i int) as $$
+begin
+  i := i+1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select f1(42);
+ f1 
+----
+ 43
+(1 row)
+
+select * from f1(42);
+ i  
+----
+ 43
+(1 row)
+
+drop function f1(int);
+create function f1(in i int, out j int) returns setof int as $$
+begin
+  j := i+1;
+  return next;
+  j := i+2;
+  return next;
+  return;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from f1(42);
+ j  
+----
+ 43
+ 44
+(2 rows)
+
+drop function f1(int);
+create function f1(in i int, out j int, out k text) as $$
+begin
+  j := i;
+  j := j+1;
+  k := 'foo';
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select f1(42);
+    f1    
+----------
+ (43,foo)
+(1 row)
+
+select * from f1(42);
+ j  |  k  
+----+-----
+ 43 | foo
+(1 row)
+
+drop function f1(int);
+create function f1(in i int, out j int, out k text) returns setof record as $$
+begin
+  j := i+1;
+  k := 'foo';
+  return next;
+  j := j+1;
+  k := 'foot';
+  return next;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from f1(42);
+ j  |  k   
+----+------
+ 43 | foo
+ 44 | foot
+(2 rows)
+
+drop function f1(int);
+create function duplic(in i anyelement, out j anyelement, out k anyarray) as $$
+begin
+  j := i;
+  k := array[j,j];
+  return;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from duplic(42);
+ j  |    k    
+----+---------
+ 42 | {42,42}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from duplic('foo'::text);
+  j  |     k     
+-----+-----------
+ foo | {foo,foo}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function duplic(anyelement);
+create function duplic(in i anycompatiblerange, out j anycompatible, out k anycompatiblearray) as $$
+begin
+  j := lower(i);
+  k := array[lower(i),upper(i)];
+  return;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from duplic(int4range(42,49));
+ j  |    k    
+----+---------
+ 42 | {42,49}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from duplic(textrange('aaa', 'bbb'));
+  j  |     k     
+-----+-----------
+ aaa | {aaa,bbb}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function duplic(anycompatiblerange);
+--
+-- test PERFORM
+--
+create table perform_test (
+	a	INT,
+	b	INT
+);
+create function perform_simple_func(int) returns boolean as '
+BEGIN
+	IF $1 < 20 THEN
+		INSERT INTO perform_test VALUES ($1, $1 + 10);
+		RETURN TRUE;
+	ELSE
+		RETURN FALSE;
+	END IF;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+create function perform_test_func() returns void as '
+BEGIN
+	IF FOUND then
+		INSERT INTO perform_test VALUES (100, 100);
+	END IF;
+
+	PERFORM perform_simple_func(5);
+
+	IF FOUND then
+		INSERT INTO perform_test VALUES (100, 100);
+	END IF;
+
+	PERFORM perform_simple_func(50);
+
+	IF FOUND then
+		INSERT INTO perform_test VALUES (100, 100);
+	END IF;
+
+	RETURN;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+SELECT perform_test_func();
+ perform_test_func 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM perform_test;
+  a  |  b  
+-----+-----
+   5 |  15
+ 100 | 100
+ 100 | 100
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table perform_test;
+--
+-- Test proper snapshot handling in simple expressions
+--
+create temp table users(login text, id serial);
+create function sp_id_user(a_login text) returns int as $$
+declare x int;
+begin
+  select into x id from users where login = a_login;
+  if found then return x; end if;
+  return 0;
+end$$ language plpgsql stable;
+insert into users values('user1');
+select sp_id_user('user1');
+ sp_id_user 
+------------
+          1
+(1 row)
+
+select sp_id_user('userx');
+ sp_id_user 
+------------
+          0
+(1 row)
+
+create function sp_add_user(a_login text) returns int as $$
+declare my_id_user int;
+begin
+  my_id_user = sp_id_user( a_login );
+  IF  my_id_user > 0 THEN
+    RETURN -1;  -- error code for existing user
+  END IF;
+  INSERT INTO users ( login ) VALUES ( a_login );
+  my_id_user = sp_id_user( a_login );
+  IF  my_id_user = 0 THEN
+    RETURN -2;  -- error code for insertion failure
+  END IF;
+  RETURN my_id_user;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select sp_add_user('user1');
+ sp_add_user 
+-------------
+          -1
+(1 row)
+
+select sp_add_user('user2');
+ sp_add_user 
+-------------
+           2
+(1 row)
+
+select sp_add_user('user2');
+ sp_add_user 
+-------------
+          -1
+(1 row)
+
+select sp_add_user('user3');
+ sp_add_user 
+-------------
+           3
+(1 row)
+
+select sp_add_user('user3');
+ sp_add_user 
+-------------
+          -1
+(1 row)
+
+drop function sp_add_user(text);
+drop function sp_id_user(text);
+--
+-- tests for refcursors
+--
+create table rc_test (a int, b int);
+copy rc_test from stdin;
+create function return_unnamed_refcursor() returns refcursor as $$
+declare
+    rc refcursor;
+begin
+    open rc for select a from rc_test;
+    return rc;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create function use_refcursor(rc refcursor) returns int as $$
+declare
+    rc refcursor;
+    x record;
+begin
+    rc := return_unnamed_refcursor();
+    fetch next from rc into x;
+    return x.a;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select use_refcursor(return_unnamed_refcursor());
+ use_refcursor 
+---------------
+             5
+(1 row)
+
+create function return_refcursor(rc refcursor) returns refcursor as $$
+begin
+    open rc for select a from rc_test;
+    return rc;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create function refcursor_test1(refcursor) returns refcursor as $$
+begin
+    perform return_refcursor($1);
+    return $1;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+begin;
+select refcursor_test1('test1');
+ refcursor_test1 
+-----------------
+ test1
+(1 row)
+
+fetch next in test1;
+ a 
+---
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+select refcursor_test1('test2');
+ refcursor_test1 
+-----------------
+ test2
+(1 row)
+
+fetch all from test2;
+  a  
+-----
+   5
+  50
+ 500
+(3 rows)
+
+commit;
+-- should fail
+fetch next from test1;
+ERROR:  cursor "test1" does not exist
+create function refcursor_test2(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+declare
+    c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+    nonsense record;
+begin
+    open c1($1, $2);
+    fetch c1 into nonsense;
+    close c1;
+    if found then
+        return true;
+    else
+        return false;
+    end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select refcursor_test2(20000, 20000) as "Should be false",
+       refcursor_test2(20, 20) as "Should be true";
+ Should be false | Should be true 
+-----------------+----------------
+ f               | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+create function constant_refcursor() returns refcursor as $$
+declare
+    rc constant refcursor;
+begin
+    open rc for select a from rc_test;
+    return rc;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select constant_refcursor();
+ERROR:  variable "rc" is declared CONSTANT
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function constant_refcursor() line 5 at OPEN
+-- but it's okay like this
+create or replace function constant_refcursor() returns refcursor as $$
+declare
+    rc constant refcursor := 'my_cursor_name';
+begin
+    open rc for select a from rc_test;
+    return rc;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select constant_refcursor();
+ constant_refcursor 
+--------------------
+ my_cursor_name
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- tests for cursors with named parameter arguments
+--
+create function namedparmcursor_test1(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+declare
+    c1 cursor (param1 int, param12 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param12;
+    nonsense record;
+begin
+    open c1(param12 := $2, param1 := $1);
+    fetch c1 into nonsense;
+    close c1;
+    if found then
+        return true;
+    else
+        return false;
+    end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select namedparmcursor_test1(20000, 20000) as "Should be false",
+       namedparmcursor_test1(20, 20) as "Should be true";
+ Should be false | Should be true 
+-----------------+----------------
+ f               | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- mixing named and positional argument notations
+create function namedparmcursor_test2(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+declare
+    c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+    nonsense record;
+begin
+    open c1(param1 := $1, $2);
+    fetch c1 into nonsense;
+    close c1;
+    if found then
+        return true;
+    else
+        return false;
+    end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select namedparmcursor_test2(20, 20);
+ namedparmcursor_test2 
+-----------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- mixing named and positional: param2 is given twice, once in named notation
+-- and second time in positional notation. Should throw an error at parse time
+create function namedparmcursor_test3() returns void as $$
+declare
+    c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+begin
+    open c1(param2 := 20, 21);
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  value for parameter "param2" of cursor "c1" specified more than once
+LINE 5:     open c1(param2 := 20, 21);
+                                  ^
+-- mixing named and positional: same as previous test, but param1 is duplicated
+create function namedparmcursor_test4() returns void as $$
+declare
+    c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+begin
+    open c1(20, param1 := 21);
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  value for parameter "param1" of cursor "c1" specified more than once
+LINE 5:     open c1(20, param1 := 21);
+                        ^
+-- duplicate named parameter, should throw an error at parse time
+create function namedparmcursor_test5() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+    select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+begin
+  open c1 (p2 := 77, p2 := 42);
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  value for parameter "p2" of cursor "c1" specified more than once
+LINE 6:   open c1 (p2 := 77, p2 := 42);
+                             ^
+-- not enough parameters, should throw an error at parse time
+create function namedparmcursor_test6() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+    select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+begin
+  open c1 (p2 := 77);
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  not enough arguments for cursor "c1"
+LINE 6:   open c1 (p2 := 77);
+                           ^
+-- division by zero runtime error, the context given in the error message
+-- should be sensible
+create function namedparmcursor_test7() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+    select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+begin
+  open c1 (p2 := 77, p1 := 42/0);
+end $$ language plpgsql;
+select namedparmcursor_test7();
+ERROR:  division by zero
+CONTEXT:  SQL expression "42/0 AS p1, 77 AS p2"
+PL/pgSQL function namedparmcursor_test7() line 6 at OPEN
+-- check that line comments work correctly within the argument list (there
+-- is some special handling of this case in the code: the newline after the
+-- comment must be preserved when the argument-evaluating query is
+-- constructed, otherwise the comment effectively comments out the next
+-- argument, too)
+create function namedparmcursor_test8() returns int4 as $$
+declare
+  c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+    select count(*) from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+  n int4;
+begin
+  open c1 (77 -- test
+  , 42);
+  fetch c1 into n;
+  return n;
+end $$ language plpgsql;
+select namedparmcursor_test8();
+ namedparmcursor_test8 
+-----------------------
+                     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- cursor parameter name can match plpgsql variable or unreserved keyword
+create function namedparmcursor_test9(p1 int) returns int4 as $$
+declare
+  c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int, debug int) for
+    select count(*) from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2
+      and four = debug;
+  p2 int4 := 1006;
+  n int4;
+begin
+  open c1 (p1 := p1, p2 := p2, debug := 2);
+  fetch c1 into n;
+  return n;
+end $$ language plpgsql;
+select namedparmcursor_test9(6);
+ namedparmcursor_test9 
+-----------------------
+                     1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- tests for "raise" processing
+--
+create function raise_test1(int) returns int as $$
+begin
+    raise notice 'This message has too many parameters!', $1;
+    return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  too many parameters specified for RAISE
+CONTEXT:  compilation of PL/pgSQL function "raise_test1" near line 3
+create function raise_test2(int) returns int as $$
+begin
+    raise notice 'This message has too few parameters: %, %, %', $1, $1;
+    return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  too few parameters specified for RAISE
+CONTEXT:  compilation of PL/pgSQL function "raise_test2" near line 3
+create function raise_test3(int) returns int as $$
+begin
+    raise notice 'This message has no parameters (despite having %% signs in it)!';
+    return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test3(1);
+NOTICE:  This message has no parameters (despite having % signs in it)!
+ raise_test3 
+-------------
+           1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test re-RAISE inside a nested exception block.  This case is allowed
+-- by Oracle's PL/SQL but was handled differently by PG before 9.1.
+CREATE FUNCTION reraise_test() RETURNS void AS $$
+BEGIN
+   BEGIN
+       RAISE syntax_error;
+   EXCEPTION
+       WHEN syntax_error THEN
+           BEGIN
+               raise notice 'exception % thrown in inner block, reraising', sqlerrm;
+               RAISE;
+           EXCEPTION
+               WHEN OTHERS THEN
+                   raise notice 'RIGHT - exception % caught in inner block', sqlerrm;
+           END;
+   END;
+EXCEPTION
+   WHEN OTHERS THEN
+       raise notice 'WRONG - exception % caught in outer block', sqlerrm;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT reraise_test();
+NOTICE:  exception syntax_error thrown in inner block, reraising
+NOTICE:  RIGHT - exception syntax_error caught in inner block
+ reraise_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- reject function definitions that contain malformed SQL queries at
+-- compile-time, where possible
+--
+create function bad_sql1() returns int as $$
+declare a int;
+begin
+    a := 5;
+    Johnny Yuma;
+    a := 10;
+    return a;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "Johnny"
+LINE 5:     Johnny Yuma;
+            ^
+create function bad_sql2() returns int as $$
+declare r record;
+begin
+    for r in select I fought the law, the law won LOOP
+        raise notice 'in loop';
+    end loop;
+    return 5;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "the"
+LINE 4:     for r in select I fought the law, the law won LOOP
+                                     ^
+-- a RETURN expression is mandatory, except for void-returning
+-- functions, where it is not allowed
+create function missing_return_expr() returns int as $$
+begin
+    return ;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  missing expression at or near ";"
+LINE 3:     return ;
+                   ^
+create function void_return_expr() returns void as $$
+begin
+    return 5;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  RETURN cannot have a parameter in function returning void
+LINE 3:     return 5;
+                   ^
+-- VOID functions are allowed to omit RETURN
+create function void_return_expr() returns void as $$
+begin
+    perform 2+2;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+select void_return_expr();
+ void_return_expr 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- but ordinary functions are not
+create function missing_return_expr() returns int as $$
+begin
+    perform 2+2;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+select missing_return_expr();
+ERROR:  control reached end of function without RETURN
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function missing_return_expr()
+drop function void_return_expr();
+drop function missing_return_expr();
+--
+-- EXECUTE ... INTO test
+--
+create table eifoo (i integer, y integer);
+create type eitype as (i integer, y integer);
+create or replace function execute_into_test(varchar) returns record as $$
+declare
+    _r record;
+    _rt eifoo%rowtype;
+    _v eitype;
+    i int;
+    j int;
+    k int;
+begin
+    execute 'insert into '||$1||' values(10,15)';
+    execute 'select (row).* from (select row(10,1)::eifoo) s' into _r;
+    raise notice '% %', _r.i, _r.y;
+    execute 'select * from '||$1||' limit 1' into _rt;
+    raise notice '% %', _rt.i, _rt.y;
+    execute 'select *, 20 from '||$1||' limit 1' into i, j, k;
+    raise notice '% % %', i, j, k;
+    execute 'select 1,2' into _v;
+    return _v;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+select execute_into_test('eifoo');
+NOTICE:  10 1
+NOTICE:  10 15
+NOTICE:  10 15 20
+ execute_into_test 
+-------------------
+ (1,2)
+(1 row)
+
+drop table eifoo cascade;
+drop type eitype cascade;
+--
+-- SQLSTATE and SQLERRM test
+--
+create function excpt_test1() returns void as $$
+begin
+    raise notice '% %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+-- should fail: SQLSTATE and SQLERRM are only in defined EXCEPTION
+-- blocks
+select excpt_test1();
+ERROR:  column "sqlstate" does not exist
+LINE 1: sqlstate
+        ^
+QUERY:  sqlstate
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function excpt_test1() line 3 at RAISE
+create function excpt_test2() returns void as $$
+begin
+    begin
+        begin
+            raise notice '% %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+        end;
+    end;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+-- should fail
+select excpt_test2();
+ERROR:  column "sqlstate" does not exist
+LINE 1: sqlstate
+        ^
+QUERY:  sqlstate
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function excpt_test2() line 5 at RAISE
+create function excpt_test3() returns void as $$
+begin
+    begin
+        raise exception 'user exception';
+    exception when others then
+	    raise notice 'caught exception % %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+	    begin
+	        raise notice '% %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+	        perform 10/0;
+        exception
+            when substring_error then
+                -- this exception handler shouldn't be invoked
+                raise notice 'unexpected exception: % %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+	        when division_by_zero then
+	            raise notice 'caught exception % %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+	    end;
+	    raise notice '% %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+    end;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+select excpt_test3();
+NOTICE:  caught exception P0001 user exception
+NOTICE:  P0001 user exception
+NOTICE:  caught exception 22012 division by zero
+NOTICE:  P0001 user exception
+ excpt_test3 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+create function excpt_test4() returns text as $$
+begin
+	begin perform 1/0;
+	exception when others then return sqlerrm; end;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+select excpt_test4();
+   excpt_test4    
+------------------
+ division by zero
+(1 row)
+
+drop function excpt_test1();
+drop function excpt_test2();
+drop function excpt_test3();
+drop function excpt_test4();
+-- parameters of raise stmt can be expressions
+create function raise_exprs() returns void as $$
+declare
+    a integer[] = '{10,20,30}';
+    c varchar = 'xyz';
+    i integer;
+begin
+    i := 2;
+    raise notice '%; %; %; %; %; %', a, a[i], c, (select c || 'abc'), row(10,'aaa',NULL,30), NULL;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_exprs();
+NOTICE:  {10,20,30}; 20; xyz; xyzabc; (10,aaa,,30); <NULL>
+ raise_exprs 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+drop function raise_exprs();
+-- regression test: verify that multiple uses of same plpgsql datum within
+-- a SQL command all get mapped to the same $n parameter.  The return value
+-- of the SELECT is not important, we only care that it doesn't fail with
+-- a complaint about an ungrouped column reference.
+create function multi_datum_use(p1 int) returns bool as $$
+declare
+  x int;
+  y int;
+begin
+  select into x,y unique1/p1, unique1/$1 from tenk1 group by unique1/p1;
+  return x = y;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select multi_datum_use(42);
+ multi_datum_use 
+-----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test STRICT limiter in both planned and EXECUTE invocations.
+-- Note that a data-modifying query is quasi strict (disallow multi rows)
+-- by default in the planned case, but not in EXECUTE.
+--
+create temp table foo (f1 int, f2 int);
+insert into foo values (1,2), (3,4);
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should work
+  insert into foo values(5,6) returning * into x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+NOTICE:  x.f1 = 5, x.f2 = 6
+ stricttest 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should fail due to implicit strict
+  insert into foo values(7,8),(9,10) returning * into x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned more than one row
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 5 at SQL statement
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should work
+  execute 'insert into foo values(5,6) returning *' into x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+NOTICE:  x.f1 = 5, x.f2 = 6
+ stricttest 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- this should work since EXECUTE isn't as picky
+  execute 'insert into foo values(7,8),(9,10) returning *' into x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+NOTICE:  x.f1 = 7, x.f2 = 8
+ stricttest 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from foo;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 |  2
+  3 |  4
+  5 |  6
+  5 |  6
+  7 |  8
+  9 | 10
+(6 rows)
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should work
+  select * from foo where f1 = 3 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+NOTICE:  x.f1 = 3, x.f2 = 4
+ stricttest 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should fail, no rows
+  select * from foo where f1 = 0 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned no rows
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 5 at SQL statement
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should fail, too many rows
+  select * from foo where f1 > 3 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned more than one row
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 5 at SQL statement
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should work
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 = 3' into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+NOTICE:  x.f1 = 3, x.f2 = 4
+ stricttest 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should fail, no rows
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 = 0' into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned no rows
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 5 at EXECUTE
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should fail, too many rows
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 > 3' into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned more than one row
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 5 at EXECUTE
+drop function stricttest();
+-- test printing parameters after failure due to STRICT
+set plpgsql.print_strict_params to true;
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare
+x record;
+p1 int := 2;
+p3 text := 'foo';
+begin
+  -- no rows
+  select * from foo where f1 = p1 and f1::text = p3 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned no rows
+DETAIL:  parameters: p1 = '2', p3 = 'foo'
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 8 at SQL statement
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare
+x record;
+p1 int := 2;
+p3 text := $a$'Valame Dios!' dijo Sancho; 'no le dije yo a vuestra merced que mirase bien lo que hacia?'$a$;
+begin
+  -- no rows
+  select * from foo where f1 = p1 and f1::text = p3 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned no rows
+DETAIL:  parameters: p1 = '2', p3 = '''Valame Dios!'' dijo Sancho; ''no le dije yo a vuestra merced que mirase bien lo que hacia?'''
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 8 at SQL statement
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare
+x record;
+p1 int := 2;
+p3 text := 'foo';
+begin
+  -- too many rows
+  select * from foo where f1 > p1 or f1::text = p3  into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned more than one row
+DETAIL:  parameters: p1 = '2', p3 = 'foo'
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 8 at SQL statement
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- too many rows, no params
+  select * from foo where f1 > 3 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned more than one row
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 5 at SQL statement
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- no rows
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 = $1 or f1::text = $2' using 0, 'foo' into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned no rows
+DETAIL:  parameters: $1 = '0', $2 = 'foo'
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 5 at EXECUTE
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- too many rows
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 > $1' using 1 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned more than one row
+DETAIL:  parameters: $1 = '1'
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 5 at EXECUTE
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- too many rows, no parameters
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 > 3' into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned more than one row
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 5 at EXECUTE
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+-- override the global
+#print_strict_params off
+declare
+x record;
+p1 int := 2;
+p3 text := 'foo';
+begin
+  -- too many rows
+  select * from foo where f1 > p1 or f1::text = p3  into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned more than one row
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 10 at SQL statement
+reset plpgsql.print_strict_params;
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+-- override the global
+#print_strict_params on
+declare
+x record;
+p1 int := 2;
+p3 text := 'foo';
+begin
+  -- too many rows
+  select * from foo where f1 > p1 or f1::text = p3  into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select stricttest();
+ERROR:  query returned more than one row
+DETAIL:  parameters: p1 = '2', p3 = 'foo'
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stricttest() line 10 at SQL statement
+-- test warnings and errors
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'all';
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'none';
+set plpgsql.extra_errors to 'all';
+set plpgsql.extra_errors to 'none';
+-- test warnings when shadowing a variable
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'shadowed_variables';
+-- simple shadowing of input and output parameters
+create or replace function shadowtest(in1 int)
+	returns table (out1 int) as $$
+declare
+in1 int;
+out1 int;
+begin
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+WARNING:  variable "in1" shadows a previously defined variable
+LINE 4: in1 int;
+        ^
+WARNING:  variable "out1" shadows a previously defined variable
+LINE 5: out1 int;
+        ^
+select shadowtest(1);
+ shadowtest 
+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'shadowed_variables';
+select shadowtest(1);
+ shadowtest 
+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+create or replace function shadowtest(in1 int)
+	returns table (out1 int) as $$
+declare
+in1 int;
+out1 int;
+begin
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+WARNING:  variable "in1" shadows a previously defined variable
+LINE 4: in1 int;
+        ^
+WARNING:  variable "out1" shadows a previously defined variable
+LINE 5: out1 int;
+        ^
+select shadowtest(1);
+ shadowtest 
+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+drop function shadowtest(int);
+-- shadowing in a second DECLARE block
+create or replace function shadowtest()
+	returns void as $$
+declare
+f1 int;
+begin
+	declare
+	f1 int;
+	begin
+	end;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+WARNING:  variable "f1" shadows a previously defined variable
+LINE 7:  f1 int;
+         ^
+drop function shadowtest();
+-- several levels of shadowing
+create or replace function shadowtest(in1 int)
+	returns void as $$
+declare
+in1 int;
+begin
+	declare
+	in1 int;
+	begin
+	end;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+WARNING:  variable "in1" shadows a previously defined variable
+LINE 4: in1 int;
+        ^
+WARNING:  variable "in1" shadows a previously defined variable
+LINE 7:  in1 int;
+         ^
+drop function shadowtest(int);
+-- shadowing in cursor definitions
+create or replace function shadowtest()
+	returns void as $$
+declare
+f1 int;
+c1 cursor (f1 int) for select 1;
+begin
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+WARNING:  variable "f1" shadows a previously defined variable
+LINE 5: c1 cursor (f1 int) for select 1;
+                   ^
+drop function shadowtest();
+-- test errors when shadowing a variable
+set plpgsql.extra_errors to 'shadowed_variables';
+create or replace function shadowtest(f1 int)
+	returns boolean as $$
+declare f1 int; begin return 1; end $$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  variable "f1" shadows a previously defined variable
+LINE 3: declare f1 int; begin return 1; end $$ language plpgsql;
+                ^
+select shadowtest(1);
+ERROR:  function shadowtest(integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select shadowtest(1);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+reset plpgsql.extra_errors;
+reset plpgsql.extra_warnings;
+create or replace function shadowtest(f1 int)
+	returns boolean as $$
+declare f1 int; begin return 1; end $$ language plpgsql;
+select shadowtest(1);
+ shadowtest 
+------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- runtime extra checks
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'too_many_rows';
+do $$
+declare x int;
+begin
+  select v from generate_series(1,2) g(v) into x;
+end;
+$$;
+WARNING:  query returned more than one row
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1.
+set plpgsql.extra_errors to 'too_many_rows';
+do $$
+declare x int;
+begin
+  select v from generate_series(1,2) g(v) into x;
+end;
+$$;
+ERROR:  query returned more than one row
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns a single row, or use LIMIT 1.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at SQL statement
+reset plpgsql.extra_errors;
+reset plpgsql.extra_warnings;
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'strict_multi_assignment';
+do $$
+declare
+  x int;
+  y int;
+begin
+  select 1 into x, y;
+  select 1,2 into x, y;
+  select 1,2,3 into x, y;
+end
+$$;
+WARNING:  number of source and target fields in assignment does not match
+DETAIL:  strict_multi_assignment check of extra_warnings is active.
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns the exact list of columns.
+WARNING:  number of source and target fields in assignment does not match
+DETAIL:  strict_multi_assignment check of extra_warnings is active.
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns the exact list of columns.
+set plpgsql.extra_errors to 'strict_multi_assignment';
+do $$
+declare
+  x int;
+  y int;
+begin
+  select 1 into x, y;
+  select 1,2 into x, y;
+  select 1,2,3 into x, y;
+end
+$$;
+ERROR:  number of source and target fields in assignment does not match
+DETAIL:  strict_multi_assignment check of extra_errors is active.
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns the exact list of columns.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 6 at SQL statement
+create table test_01(a int, b int, c int);
+alter table test_01 drop column a;
+-- the check is active only when source table is not empty
+insert into test_01 values(10,20);
+do $$
+declare
+  x int;
+  y int;
+begin
+  select * from test_01 into x, y; -- should be ok
+  raise notice 'ok';
+  select * from test_01 into x;    -- should to fail
+end;
+$$;
+NOTICE:  ok
+ERROR:  number of source and target fields in assignment does not match
+DETAIL:  strict_multi_assignment check of extra_errors is active.
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns the exact list of columns.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 8 at SQL statement
+do $$
+declare
+  t test_01;
+begin
+  select 1, 2 into t;  -- should be ok
+  raise notice 'ok';
+  select 1, 2, 3 into t; -- should fail;
+end;
+$$;
+NOTICE:  ok
+ERROR:  number of source and target fields in assignment does not match
+DETAIL:  strict_multi_assignment check of extra_errors is active.
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns the exact list of columns.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 7 at SQL statement
+do $$
+declare
+  t test_01;
+begin
+  select 1 into t; -- should fail;
+end;
+$$;
+ERROR:  number of source and target fields in assignment does not match
+DETAIL:  strict_multi_assignment check of extra_errors is active.
+HINT:  Make sure the query returns the exact list of columns.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 5 at SQL statement
+drop table test_01;
+reset plpgsql.extra_errors;
+reset plpgsql.extra_warnings;
+-- test scrollable cursor support
+create function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c scroll cursor for select f1 from int4_tbl;
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c;
+  fetch last from c into x;
+  while found loop
+    return next x;
+    fetch prior from c into x;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from sc_test();
+   sc_test   
+-------------
+ -2147483647
+  2147483647
+     -123456
+      123456
+           0
+(5 rows)
+
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c no scroll cursor for select f1 from int4_tbl;
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c;
+  fetch last from c into x;
+  while found loop
+    return next x;
+    fetch prior from c into x;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from sc_test();  -- fails because of NO SCROLL specification
+ERROR:  cursor can only scan forward
+HINT:  Declare it with SCROLL option to enable backward scan.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function sc_test() line 7 at FETCH
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor;
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c scroll for select f1 from int4_tbl;
+  fetch last from c into x;
+  while found loop
+    return next x;
+    fetch prior from c into x;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from sc_test();
+   sc_test   
+-------------
+ -2147483647
+  2147483647
+     -123456
+      123456
+           0
+(5 rows)
+
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor;
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c scroll for execute 'select f1 from int4_tbl';
+  fetch last from c into x;
+  while found loop
+    return next x;
+    fetch relative -2 from c into x;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from sc_test();
+   sc_test   
+-------------
+ -2147483647
+     -123456
+           0
+(3 rows)
+
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor;
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c scroll for execute 'select f1 from int4_tbl';
+  fetch last from c into x;
+  while found loop
+    return next x;
+    move backward 2 from c;
+    fetch relative -1 from c into x;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from sc_test();
+   sc_test   
+-------------
+ -2147483647
+      123456
+(2 rows)
+
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c cursor for select * from generate_series(1, 10);
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c;
+  loop
+      move relative 2 in c;
+      if not found then
+          exit;
+      end if;
+      fetch next from c into x;
+      if found then
+          return next x;
+      end if;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from sc_test();
+ sc_test 
+---------
+       3
+       6
+       9
+(3 rows)
+
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c cursor for select * from generate_series(1, 10);
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c;
+  move forward all in c;
+  fetch backward from c into x;
+  if found then
+    return next x;
+  end if;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from sc_test();
+ sc_test 
+---------
+      10
+(1 row)
+
+drop function sc_test();
+-- test qualified variable names
+create function pl_qual_names (param1 int) returns void as $$
+<<outerblock>>
+declare
+  param1 int := 1;
+begin
+  <<innerblock>>
+  declare
+    param1 int := 2;
+  begin
+    raise notice 'param1 = %', param1;
+    raise notice 'pl_qual_names.param1 = %', pl_qual_names.param1;
+    raise notice 'outerblock.param1 = %', outerblock.param1;
+    raise notice 'innerblock.param1 = %', innerblock.param1;
+  end;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select pl_qual_names(42);
+NOTICE:  param1 = 2
+NOTICE:  pl_qual_names.param1 = 42
+NOTICE:  outerblock.param1 = 1
+NOTICE:  innerblock.param1 = 2
+ pl_qual_names 
+---------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+drop function pl_qual_names(int);
+-- tests for RETURN QUERY
+create function ret_query1(out int, out int) returns setof record as $$
+begin
+    $1 := -1;
+    $2 := -2;
+    return next;
+    return query select x + 1, x * 10 from generate_series(0, 10) s (x);
+    return next;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from ret_query1();
+ column1 | column2 
+---------+---------
+      -1 |      -2
+       1 |       0
+       2 |      10
+       3 |      20
+       4 |      30
+       5 |      40
+       6 |      50
+       7 |      60
+       8 |      70
+       9 |      80
+      10 |      90
+      11 |     100
+      -1 |      -2
+(13 rows)
+
+create type record_type as (x text, y int, z boolean);
+create or replace function ret_query2(lim int) returns setof record_type as $$
+begin
+    return query select md5(s.x::text), s.x, s.x > 0
+                 from generate_series(-8, lim) s (x) where s.x % 2 = 0;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from ret_query2(8);
+                x                 | y  | z 
+----------------------------------+----+---
+ a8d2ec85eaf98407310b72eb73dda247 | -8 | f
+ 596a3d04481816330f07e4f97510c28f | -6 | f
+ 0267aaf632e87a63288a08331f22c7c3 | -4 | f
+ 5d7b9adcbe1c629ec722529dd12e5129 | -2 | f
+ cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da |  0 | f
+ c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c |  2 | t
+ a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c |  4 | t
+ 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc |  6 | t
+ c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d |  8 | t
+(9 rows)
+
+-- test EXECUTE USING
+create function exc_using(int, text) returns int as $$
+declare i int;
+begin
+  for i in execute 'select * from generate_series(1,$1)' using $1+1 loop
+    raise notice '%', i;
+  end loop;
+  execute 'select $2 + $2*3 + length($1)' into i using $2,$1;
+  return i;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select exc_using(5, 'foobar');
+NOTICE:  1
+NOTICE:  2
+NOTICE:  3
+NOTICE:  4
+NOTICE:  5
+NOTICE:  6
+ exc_using 
+-----------
+        26
+(1 row)
+
+drop function exc_using(int, text);
+create or replace function exc_using(int) returns void as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor;
+  i int;
+begin
+  open c for execute 'select * from generate_series(1,$1)' using $1+1;
+  loop
+    fetch c into i;
+    exit when not found;
+    raise notice '%', i;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+  return;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select exc_using(5);
+NOTICE:  1
+NOTICE:  2
+NOTICE:  3
+NOTICE:  4
+NOTICE:  5
+NOTICE:  6
+ exc_using 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+drop function exc_using(int);
+-- test FOR-over-cursor
+create or replace function forc01() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c cursor(r1 integer, r2 integer)
+       for select * from generate_series(r1,r2) i;
+  c2 cursor
+       for select * from generate_series(41,43) i;
+begin
+  for r in c(5,7) loop
+    raise notice '% from %', r.i, c;
+  end loop;
+  -- again, to test if cursor was closed properly
+  for r in c(9,10) loop
+    raise notice '% from %', r.i, c;
+  end loop;
+  -- and test a parameterless cursor
+  for r in c2 loop
+    raise notice '% from %', r.i, c2;
+  end loop;
+  -- and try it with a hand-assigned name
+  raise notice 'after loop, c2 = %', c2;
+  c2 := 'special_name';
+  for r in c2 loop
+    raise notice '% from %', r.i, c2;
+  end loop;
+  raise notice 'after loop, c2 = %', c2;
+  -- and try it with a generated name
+  -- (which we can't show in the output because it's variable)
+  c2 := null;
+  for r in c2 loop
+    raise notice '%', r.i;
+  end loop;
+  raise notice 'after loop, c2 = %', c2;
+  return;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select forc01();
+NOTICE:  5 from c
+NOTICE:  6 from c
+NOTICE:  7 from c
+NOTICE:  9 from c
+NOTICE:  10 from c
+NOTICE:  41 from c2
+NOTICE:  42 from c2
+NOTICE:  43 from c2
+NOTICE:  after loop, c2 = c2
+NOTICE:  41 from special_name
+NOTICE:  42 from special_name
+NOTICE:  43 from special_name
+NOTICE:  after loop, c2 = special_name
+NOTICE:  41
+NOTICE:  42
+NOTICE:  43
+NOTICE:  after loop, c2 = <NULL>
+ forc01 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- try updating the cursor's current row
+create temp table forc_test as
+  select n as i, n as j from generate_series(1,10) n;
+create or replace function forc01() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c cursor for select * from forc_test;
+begin
+  for r in c loop
+    raise notice '%, %', r.i, r.j;
+    update forc_test set i = i * 100, j = r.j * 2 where current of c;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select forc01();
+NOTICE:  1, 1
+NOTICE:  2, 2
+NOTICE:  3, 3
+NOTICE:  4, 4
+NOTICE:  5, 5
+NOTICE:  6, 6
+NOTICE:  7, 7
+NOTICE:  8, 8
+NOTICE:  9, 9
+NOTICE:  10, 10
+ forc01 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from forc_test;
+  i   | j  
+------+----
+  100 |  2
+  200 |  4
+  300 |  6
+  400 |  8
+  500 | 10
+  600 | 12
+  700 | 14
+  800 | 16
+  900 | 18
+ 1000 | 20
+(10 rows)
+
+-- same, with a cursor whose portal name doesn't match variable name
+create or replace function forc01() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor := 'fooled_ya';
+  r record;
+begin
+  open c for select * from forc_test;
+  loop
+    fetch c into r;
+    exit when not found;
+    raise notice '%, %', r.i, r.j;
+    update forc_test set i = i * 100, j = r.j * 2 where current of c;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select forc01();
+NOTICE:  100, 2
+NOTICE:  200, 4
+NOTICE:  300, 6
+NOTICE:  400, 8
+NOTICE:  500, 10
+NOTICE:  600, 12
+NOTICE:  700, 14
+NOTICE:  800, 16
+NOTICE:  900, 18
+NOTICE:  1000, 20
+ forc01 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from forc_test;
+   i    | j  
+--------+----
+  10000 |  4
+  20000 |  8
+  30000 | 12
+  40000 | 16
+  50000 | 20
+  60000 | 24
+  70000 | 28
+  80000 | 32
+  90000 | 36
+ 100000 | 40
+(10 rows)
+
+drop function forc01();
+-- fail because cursor has no query bound to it
+create or replace function forc_bad() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor;
+begin
+  for r in c loop
+    raise notice '%', r.i;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+ERROR:  cursor FOR loop must use a bound cursor variable
+LINE 5:   for r in c loop
+                   ^
+-- test RETURN QUERY EXECUTE
+create or replace function return_dquery()
+returns setof int as $$
+begin
+  return query execute 'select * from (values(10),(20)) f';
+  return query execute 'select * from (values($1),($2)) f' using 40,50;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from return_dquery();
+ return_dquery 
+---------------
+            10
+            20
+            40
+            50
+(4 rows)
+
+drop function return_dquery();
+-- test RETURN QUERY with dropped columns
+create table tabwithcols(a int, b int, c int, d int);
+insert into tabwithcols values(10,20,30,40),(50,60,70,80);
+create or replace function returnqueryf()
+returns setof tabwithcols as $$
+begin
+  return query select * from tabwithcols;
+  return query execute 'select * from tabwithcols';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from returnqueryf();
+ a  | b  | c  | d  
+----+----+----+----
+ 10 | 20 | 30 | 40
+ 50 | 60 | 70 | 80
+ 10 | 20 | 30 | 40
+ 50 | 60 | 70 | 80
+(4 rows)
+
+alter table tabwithcols drop column b;
+select * from returnqueryf();
+ a  | c  | d  
+----+----+----
+ 10 | 30 | 40
+ 50 | 70 | 80
+ 10 | 30 | 40
+ 50 | 70 | 80
+(4 rows)
+
+alter table tabwithcols drop column d;
+select * from returnqueryf();
+ a  | c  
+----+----
+ 10 | 30
+ 50 | 70
+ 10 | 30
+ 50 | 70
+(4 rows)
+
+alter table tabwithcols add column d int;
+select * from returnqueryf();
+ a  | c  | d 
+----+----+---
+ 10 | 30 |  
+ 50 | 70 |  
+ 10 | 30 |  
+ 50 | 70 |  
+(4 rows)
+
+drop function returnqueryf();
+drop table tabwithcols;
+--
+-- Tests for composite-type results
+--
+create type compostype as (x int, y varchar);
+-- test: use of variable of composite type in return statement
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+declare
+  v compostype;
+begin
+  v := (1, 'hello');
+  return v;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select compos();
+  compos   
+-----------
+ (1,hello)
+(1 row)
+
+-- test: use of variable of record type in return statement
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+declare
+  v record;
+begin
+  v := (1, 'hello'::varchar);
+  return v;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select compos();
+  compos   
+-----------
+ (1,hello)
+(1 row)
+
+-- test: use of row expr in return statement
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+begin
+  return (1, 'hello'::varchar);
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select compos();
+  compos   
+-----------
+ (1,hello)
+(1 row)
+
+-- this does not work currently (no implicit casting)
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+begin
+  return (1, 'hello');
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select compos();
+ERROR:  returned record type does not match expected record type
+DETAIL:  Returned type unknown does not match expected type character varying in column 2.
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function compos() while casting return value to function's return type
+-- ... but this does
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+begin
+  return (1, 'hello')::compostype;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select compos();
+  compos   
+-----------
+ (1,hello)
+(1 row)
+
+drop function compos();
+-- test: return a row expr as record.
+create or replace function composrec() returns record as $$
+declare
+  v record;
+begin
+  v := (1, 'hello');
+  return v;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select composrec();
+ composrec 
+-----------
+ (1,hello)
+(1 row)
+
+-- test: return row expr in return statement.
+create or replace function composrec() returns record as $$
+begin
+  return (1, 'hello');
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select composrec();
+ composrec 
+-----------
+ (1,hello)
+(1 row)
+
+drop function composrec();
+-- test: row expr in RETURN NEXT statement.
+create or replace function compos() returns setof compostype as $$
+begin
+  for i in 1..3
+  loop
+    return next (1, 'hello'::varchar);
+  end loop;
+  return next null::compostype;
+  return next (2, 'goodbye')::compostype;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from compos();
+ x |    y    
+---+---------
+ 1 | hello
+ 1 | hello
+ 1 | hello
+   | 
+ 2 | goodbye
+(5 rows)
+
+drop function compos();
+-- test: use invalid expr in return statement.
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+begin
+  return 1 + 1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select compos();
+ERROR:  cannot return non-composite value from function returning composite type
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function compos() line 3 at RETURN
+-- RETURN variable is a different code path ...
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+declare x int := 42;
+begin
+  return x;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from compos();
+ERROR:  cannot return non-composite value from function returning composite type
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function compos() line 4 at RETURN
+drop function compos();
+-- test: invalid use of composite variable in scalar-returning function
+create or replace function compos() returns int as $$
+declare
+  v compostype;
+begin
+  v := (1, 'hello');
+  return v;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select compos();
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "(1,hello)"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function compos() while casting return value to function's return type
+-- test: invalid use of composite expression in scalar-returning function
+create or replace function compos() returns int as $$
+begin
+  return (1, 'hello')::compostype;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select compos();
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "(1,hello)"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function compos() while casting return value to function's return type
+drop function compos();
+drop type compostype;
+--
+-- Tests for 8.4's new RAISE features
+--
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise notice '% % %', 1, 2, 3
+     using errcode = '55001', detail = 'some detail info', hint = 'some hint';
+  raise '% % %', 1, 2, 3
+     using errcode = 'division_by_zero', detail = 'some detail info';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+NOTICE:  1 2 3
+DETAIL:  some detail info
+HINT:  some hint
+ERROR:  1 2 3
+DETAIL:  some detail info
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 5 at RAISE
+-- Since we can't actually see the thrown SQLSTATE in default psql output,
+-- test it like this; this also tests re-RAISE
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise 'check me'
+     using errcode = 'division_by_zero', detail = 'some detail info';
+  exception
+    when others then
+      raise notice 'SQLSTATE: % SQLERRM: %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+      raise;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+NOTICE:  SQLSTATE: 22012 SQLERRM: check me
+ERROR:  check me
+DETAIL:  some detail info
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 3 at RAISE
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise 'check me'
+     using errcode = '1234F', detail = 'some detail info';
+  exception
+    when others then
+      raise notice 'SQLSTATE: % SQLERRM: %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+      raise;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+NOTICE:  SQLSTATE: 1234F SQLERRM: check me
+ERROR:  check me
+DETAIL:  some detail info
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 3 at RAISE
+-- SQLSTATE specification in WHEN
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise 'check me'
+     using errcode = '1234F', detail = 'some detail info';
+  exception
+    when sqlstate '1234F' then
+      raise notice 'SQLSTATE: % SQLERRM: %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+      raise;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+NOTICE:  SQLSTATE: 1234F SQLERRM: check me
+ERROR:  check me
+DETAIL:  some detail info
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 3 at RAISE
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise division_by_zero using detail = 'some detail info';
+  exception
+    when others then
+      raise notice 'SQLSTATE: % SQLERRM: %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+      raise;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+NOTICE:  SQLSTATE: 22012 SQLERRM: division_by_zero
+ERROR:  division_by_zero
+DETAIL:  some detail info
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 3 at RAISE
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise division_by_zero;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+ERROR:  division_by_zero
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 3 at RAISE
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise sqlstate '1234F';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+ERROR:  1234F
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 3 at RAISE
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise division_by_zero using message = 'custom' || ' message';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+ERROR:  custom message
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 3 at RAISE
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise using message = 'custom' || ' message', errcode = '22012';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+ERROR:  custom message
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 3 at RAISE
+-- conflict on message
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'some message' using message = 'custom' || ' message', errcode = '22012';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+ERROR:  RAISE option already specified: MESSAGE
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 3 at RAISE
+-- conflict on errcode
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise division_by_zero using message = 'custom' || ' message', errcode = '22012';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+ERROR:  RAISE option already specified: ERRCODE
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 3 at RAISE
+-- nothing to re-RAISE
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+ERROR:  RAISE without parameters cannot be used outside an exception handler
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 3 at RAISE
+-- test access to exception data
+create function zero_divide() returns int as $$
+declare v int := 0;
+begin
+  return 10 / v;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise exception 'custom exception'
+     using detail = 'some detail of custom exception',
+           hint = 'some hint related to custom exception';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create function stacked_diagnostics_test() returns void as $$
+declare _sqlstate text;
+        _message text;
+        _context text;
+begin
+  perform zero_divide();
+exception when others then
+  get stacked diagnostics
+        _sqlstate = returned_sqlstate,
+        _message = message_text,
+        _context = pg_exception_context;
+  raise notice 'sqlstate: %, message: %, context: [%]',
+    _sqlstate, _message, replace(_context, E'\n', ' <- ');
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select stacked_diagnostics_test();
+NOTICE:  sqlstate: 22012, message: division by zero, context: [PL/pgSQL function zero_divide() line 4 at RETURN <- SQL statement "SELECT zero_divide()" <- PL/pgSQL function stacked_diagnostics_test() line 6 at PERFORM]
+ stacked_diagnostics_test 
+--------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function stacked_diagnostics_test() returns void as $$
+declare _detail text;
+        _hint text;
+        _message text;
+begin
+  perform raise_test();
+exception when others then
+  get stacked diagnostics
+        _message = message_text,
+        _detail = pg_exception_detail,
+        _hint = pg_exception_hint;
+  raise notice 'message: %, detail: %, hint: %', _message, _detail, _hint;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select stacked_diagnostics_test();
+NOTICE:  message: custom exception, detail: some detail of custom exception, hint: some hint related to custom exception
+ stacked_diagnostics_test 
+--------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- fail, cannot use stacked diagnostics statement outside handler
+create or replace function stacked_diagnostics_test() returns void as $$
+declare _detail text;
+        _hint text;
+        _message text;
+begin
+  get stacked diagnostics
+        _message = message_text,
+        _detail = pg_exception_detail,
+        _hint = pg_exception_hint;
+  raise notice 'message: %, detail: %, hint: %', _message, _detail, _hint;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select stacked_diagnostics_test();
+ERROR:  GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS cannot be used outside an exception handler
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function stacked_diagnostics_test() line 6 at GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS
+drop function zero_divide();
+drop function stacked_diagnostics_test();
+-- check cases where implicit SQLSTATE variable could be confused with
+-- SQLSTATE as a keyword, cf bug #5524
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  perform 1/0;
+exception
+  when sqlstate '22012' then
+    raise notice using message = sqlstate;
+    raise sqlstate '22012' using message = 'substitute message';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select raise_test();
+NOTICE:  22012
+ERROR:  substitute message
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function raise_test() line 7 at RAISE
+drop function raise_test();
+-- test passing column_name, constraint_name, datatype_name, table_name
+-- and schema_name error fields
+create or replace function stacked_diagnostics_test() returns void as $$
+declare _column_name text;
+        _constraint_name text;
+        _datatype_name text;
+        _table_name text;
+        _schema_name text;
+begin
+  raise exception using
+    column = '>>some column name<<',
+    constraint = '>>some constraint name<<',
+    datatype = '>>some datatype name<<',
+    table = '>>some table name<<',
+    schema = '>>some schema name<<';
+exception when others then
+  get stacked diagnostics
+        _column_name = column_name,
+        _constraint_name = constraint_name,
+        _datatype_name = pg_datatype_name,
+        _table_name = table_name,
+        _schema_name = schema_name;
+  raise notice 'column %, constraint %, type %, table %, schema %',
+    _column_name, _constraint_name, _datatype_name, _table_name, _schema_name;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select stacked_diagnostics_test();
+NOTICE:  column >>some column name<<, constraint >>some constraint name<<, type >>some datatype name<<, table >>some table name<<, schema >>some schema name<<
+ stacked_diagnostics_test 
+--------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+drop function stacked_diagnostics_test();
+-- test variadic functions
+create or replace function vari(variadic int[])
+returns void as $$
+begin
+  for i in array_lower($1,1)..array_upper($1,1) loop
+    raise notice '%', $1[i];
+  end loop; end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select vari(1,2,3,4,5);
+NOTICE:  1
+NOTICE:  2
+NOTICE:  3
+NOTICE:  4
+NOTICE:  5
+ vari 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select vari(3,4,5);
+NOTICE:  3
+NOTICE:  4
+NOTICE:  5
+ vari 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select vari(variadic array[5,6,7]);
+NOTICE:  5
+NOTICE:  6
+NOTICE:  7
+ vari 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+drop function vari(int[]);
+-- coercion test
+create or replace function pleast(variadic numeric[])
+returns numeric as $$
+declare aux numeric = $1[array_lower($1,1)];
+begin
+  for i in array_lower($1,1)+1..array_upper($1,1) loop
+    if $1[i] < aux then aux := $1[i]; end if;
+  end loop;
+  return aux;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable strict;
+select pleast(10,1,2,3,-16);
+ pleast 
+--------
+    -16
+(1 row)
+
+select pleast(10.2,2.2,-1.1);
+ pleast 
+--------
+   -1.1
+(1 row)
+
+select pleast(10.2,10, -20);
+ pleast 
+--------
+    -20
+(1 row)
+
+select pleast(10,20, -1.0);
+ pleast 
+--------
+   -1.0
+(1 row)
+
+-- in case of conflict, non-variadic version is preferred
+create or replace function pleast(numeric)
+returns numeric as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'non-variadic function called';
+  return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable strict;
+select pleast(10);
+NOTICE:  non-variadic function called
+ pleast 
+--------
+     10
+(1 row)
+
+drop function pleast(numeric[]);
+drop function pleast(numeric);
+-- test table functions
+create function tftest(int) returns table(a int, b int) as $$
+begin
+  return query select $1, $1+i from generate_series(1,5) g(i);
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable strict;
+select * from tftest(10);
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+ 10 | 11
+ 10 | 12
+ 10 | 13
+ 10 | 14
+ 10 | 15
+(5 rows)
+
+create or replace function tftest(a1 int) returns table(a int, b int) as $$
+begin
+  a := a1; b := a1 + 1;
+  return next;
+  a := a1 * 10; b := a1 * 10 + 1;
+  return next;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable strict;
+select * from tftest(10);
+  a  |  b  
+-----+-----
+  10 |  11
+ 100 | 101
+(2 rows)
+
+drop function tftest(int);
+create function rttest()
+returns setof int as $$
+declare rc int;
+begin
+  return query values(10),(20);
+  get diagnostics rc = row_count;
+  raise notice '% %', found, rc;
+  return query select * from (values(10),(20)) f(a) where false;
+  get diagnostics rc = row_count;
+  raise notice '% %', found, rc;
+  return query execute 'values(10),(20)';
+  get diagnostics rc = row_count;
+  raise notice '% %', found, rc;
+  return query execute 'select * from (values(10),(20)) f(a) where false';
+  get diagnostics rc = row_count;
+  raise notice '% %', found, rc;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from rttest();
+NOTICE:  t 2
+NOTICE:  f 0
+NOTICE:  t 2
+NOTICE:  f 0
+ rttest 
+--------
+     10
+     20
+     10
+     20
+(4 rows)
+
+-- check some error cases, too
+create or replace function rttest()
+returns setof int as $$
+begin
+  return query select 10 into no_such_table;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from rttest();
+ERROR:  SELECT INTO query does not return tuples
+CONTEXT:  SQL statement "select 10 into no_such_table"
+PL/pgSQL function rttest() line 3 at RETURN QUERY
+create or replace function rttest()
+returns setof int as $$
+begin
+  return query execute 'select 10 into no_such_table';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from rttest();
+ERROR:  SELECT INTO query does not return tuples
+CONTEXT:  SQL statement "select 10 into no_such_table"
+PL/pgSQL function rttest() line 3 at RETURN QUERY
+select * from no_such_table;
+ERROR:  relation "no_such_table" does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from no_such_table;
+                      ^
+drop function rttest();
+-- Test for proper cleanup at subtransaction exit.  This example
+-- exposed a bug in PG 8.2.
+CREATE FUNCTION leaker_1(fail BOOL) RETURNS INTEGER AS $$
+DECLARE
+  v_var INTEGER;
+BEGIN
+  BEGIN
+    v_var := (leaker_2(fail)).error_code;
+  EXCEPTION
+    WHEN others THEN RETURN 0;
+  END;
+  RETURN 1;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE FUNCTION leaker_2(fail BOOL, OUT error_code INTEGER, OUT new_id INTEGER)
+  RETURNS RECORD AS $$
+BEGIN
+  IF fail THEN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION 'fail ...';
+  END IF;
+  error_code := 1;
+  new_id := 1;
+  RETURN;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT * FROM leaker_1(false);
+ leaker_1 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM leaker_1(true);
+ leaker_1 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION leaker_1(bool);
+DROP FUNCTION leaker_2(bool);
+-- Test for appropriate cleanup of non-simple expression evaluations
+-- (bug in all versions prior to August 2010)
+CREATE FUNCTION nonsimple_expr_test() RETURNS text[] AS $$
+DECLARE
+  arr text[];
+  lr text;
+  i integer;
+BEGIN
+  arr := array[array['foo','bar'], array['baz', 'quux']];
+  lr := 'fool';
+  i := 1;
+  -- use sub-SELECTs to make expressions non-simple
+  arr[(SELECT i)][(SELECT i+1)] := (SELECT lr);
+  RETURN arr;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT nonsimple_expr_test();
+   nonsimple_expr_test   
+-------------------------
+ {{foo,fool},{baz,quux}}
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION nonsimple_expr_test();
+CREATE FUNCTION nonsimple_expr_test() RETURNS integer AS $$
+declare
+   i integer NOT NULL := 0;
+begin
+  begin
+    i := (SELECT NULL::integer);  -- should throw error
+  exception
+    WHEN OTHERS THEN
+      i := (SELECT 1::integer);
+  end;
+  return i;
+end;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT nonsimple_expr_test();
+ nonsimple_expr_test 
+---------------------
+                   1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION nonsimple_expr_test();
+--
+-- Test cases involving recursion and error recovery in simple expressions
+-- (bugs in all versions before October 2010).  The problems are most
+-- easily exposed by mutual recursion between plpgsql and sql functions.
+--
+create function recurse(float8) returns float8 as
+$$
+begin
+  if ($1 > 0) then
+    return sql_recurse($1 - 1);
+  else
+    return $1;
+  end if;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+-- "limit" is to prevent this from being inlined
+create function sql_recurse(float8) returns float8 as
+$$ select recurse($1) limit 1; $$ language sql;
+select recurse(10);
+ recurse 
+---------
+       0
+(1 row)
+
+create function error1(text) returns text language sql as
+$$ SELECT relname::text FROM pg_class c WHERE c.oid = $1::regclass $$;
+create function error2(p_name_table text) returns text language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  return error1(p_name_table);
+end$$;
+BEGIN;
+create table public.stuffs (stuff text);
+SAVEPOINT a;
+select error2('nonexistent.stuffs');
+ERROR:  schema "nonexistent" does not exist
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "error1" statement 1
+PL/pgSQL function error2(text) line 3 at RETURN
+ROLLBACK TO a;
+select error2('public.stuffs');
+ error2 
+--------
+ stuffs
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+drop function error2(p_name_table text);
+drop function error1(text);
+-- Test for proper handling of cast-expression caching
+create function sql_to_date(integer) returns date as $$
+select $1::text::date
+$$ language sql immutable strict;
+create cast (integer as date) with function sql_to_date(integer) as assignment;
+create function cast_invoker(integer) returns date as $$
+begin
+  return $1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+select cast_invoker(20150717);
+ cast_invoker 
+--------------
+ 07-17-2015
+(1 row)
+
+select cast_invoker(20150718);  -- second call crashed in pre-release 9.5
+ cast_invoker 
+--------------
+ 07-18-2015
+(1 row)
+
+begin;
+select cast_invoker(20150717);
+ cast_invoker 
+--------------
+ 07-17-2015
+(1 row)
+
+select cast_invoker(20150718);
+ cast_invoker 
+--------------
+ 07-18-2015
+(1 row)
+
+savepoint s1;
+select cast_invoker(20150718);
+ cast_invoker 
+--------------
+ 07-18-2015
+(1 row)
+
+select cast_invoker(-1); -- fails
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type date: "-1"
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "sql_to_date" statement 1
+PL/pgSQL function cast_invoker(integer) while casting return value to function's return type
+rollback to savepoint s1;
+select cast_invoker(20150719);
+ cast_invoker 
+--------------
+ 07-19-2015
+(1 row)
+
+select cast_invoker(20150720);
+ cast_invoker 
+--------------
+ 07-20-2015
+(1 row)
+
+commit;
+drop function cast_invoker(integer);
+drop function sql_to_date(integer) cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to cast from integer to date
+-- Test handling of cast cache inside DO blocks
+-- (to check the original crash case, this must be a cast not previously
+-- used in this session)
+begin;
+do $$ declare x text[]; begin x := '{1.23, 4.56}'::numeric[]; end $$;
+do $$ declare x text[]; begin x := '{1.23, 4.56}'::numeric[]; end $$;
+end;
+-- Test for consistent reporting of error context
+create function fail() returns int language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  return 1/0;
+end
+$$;
+select fail();
+ERROR:  division by zero
+CONTEXT:  SQL expression "1/0"
+PL/pgSQL function fail() line 3 at RETURN
+select fail();
+ERROR:  division by zero
+CONTEXT:  SQL expression "1/0"
+PL/pgSQL function fail() line 3 at RETURN
+drop function fail();
+-- Test handling of string literals.
+set standard_conforming_strings = off;
+create or replace function strtest() returns text as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'foo\\bar\041baz';
+  return 'foo\\bar\041baz';
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+WARNING:  nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
+LINE 3:   raise notice 'foo\\bar\041baz';
+                       ^
+HINT:  Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
+WARNING:  nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
+LINE 4:   return 'foo\\bar\041baz';
+                 ^
+HINT:  Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
+WARNING:  nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
+LINE 4:   return 'foo\\bar\041baz';
+                 ^
+HINT:  Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
+select strtest();
+NOTICE:  foo\bar!baz
+WARNING:  nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
+LINE 1: 'foo\\bar\041baz'
+        ^
+HINT:  Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
+QUERY:  'foo\\bar\041baz'
+   strtest   
+-------------
+ foo\bar!baz
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function strtest() returns text as $$
+begin
+  raise notice E'foo\\bar\041baz';
+  return E'foo\\bar\041baz';
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select strtest();
+NOTICE:  foo\bar!baz
+   strtest   
+-------------
+ foo\bar!baz
+(1 row)
+
+set standard_conforming_strings = on;
+create or replace function strtest() returns text as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'foo\\bar\041baz\';
+  return 'foo\\bar\041baz\';
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select strtest();
+NOTICE:  foo\\bar\041baz\
+     strtest      
+------------------
+ foo\\bar\041baz\
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function strtest() returns text as $$
+begin
+  raise notice E'foo\\bar\041baz';
+  return E'foo\\bar\041baz';
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select strtest();
+NOTICE:  foo\bar!baz
+   strtest   
+-------------
+ foo\bar!baz
+(1 row)
+
+drop function strtest();
+-- Test anonymous code blocks.
+DO $$
+DECLARE r record;
+BEGIN
+    FOR r IN SELECT rtrim(roomno) AS roomno, comment FROM Room ORDER BY roomno
+    LOOP
+        RAISE NOTICE '%, %', r.roomno, r.comment;
+    END LOOP;
+END$$;
+NOTICE:  001, Entrance
+NOTICE:  002, Office
+NOTICE:  003, Office
+NOTICE:  004, Technical
+NOTICE:  101, Office
+NOTICE:  102, Conference
+NOTICE:  103, Restroom
+NOTICE:  104, Technical
+NOTICE:  105, Office
+NOTICE:  106, Office
+-- these are to check syntax error reporting
+DO LANGUAGE plpgsql $$begin return 1; end$$;
+ERROR:  RETURN cannot have a parameter in function returning void
+LINE 1: DO LANGUAGE plpgsql $$begin return 1; end$$;
+                                           ^
+DO $$
+DECLARE r record;
+BEGIN
+    FOR r IN SELECT rtrim(roomno) AS roomno, foo FROM Room ORDER BY roomno
+    LOOP
+        RAISE NOTICE '%, %', r.roomno, r.comment;
+    END LOOP;
+END$$;
+ERROR:  column "foo" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT rtrim(roomno) AS roomno, foo FROM Room ORDER BY roomn...
+                                        ^
+QUERY:  SELECT rtrim(roomno) AS roomno, foo FROM Room ORDER BY roomno
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at FOR over SELECT rows
+-- Check handling of errors thrown from/into anonymous code blocks.
+do $outer$
+begin
+  for i in 1..10 loop
+   begin
+    execute $ex$
+      do $$
+      declare x int = 0;
+      begin
+        x := 1 / x;
+      end;
+      $$;
+    $ex$;
+  exception when division_by_zero then
+    raise notice 'caught division by zero';
+  end;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$outer$;
+NOTICE:  caught division by zero
+NOTICE:  caught division by zero
+NOTICE:  caught division by zero
+NOTICE:  caught division by zero
+NOTICE:  caught division by zero
+NOTICE:  caught division by zero
+NOTICE:  caught division by zero
+NOTICE:  caught division by zero
+NOTICE:  caught division by zero
+NOTICE:  caught division by zero
+-- Check variable scoping -- a var is not available in its own or prior
+-- default expressions, but it is available in later ones.
+do $$
+declare x int := x + 1;  -- error
+begin
+  raise notice 'x = %', x;
+end;
+$$;
+ERROR:  column "x" does not exist
+LINE 1: x + 1
+        ^
+QUERY:  x + 1
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 2 during statement block local variable initialization
+do $$
+declare y int := x + 1;  -- error
+        x int := 42;
+begin
+  raise notice 'x = %, y = %', x, y;
+end;
+$$;
+ERROR:  column "x" does not exist
+LINE 1: x + 1
+        ^
+QUERY:  x + 1
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 2 during statement block local variable initialization
+do $$
+declare x int := 42;
+        y int := x + 1;
+begin
+  raise notice 'x = %, y = %', x, y;
+end;
+$$;
+NOTICE:  x = 42, y = 43
+do $$
+declare x int := 42;
+begin
+  declare y int := x + 1;
+          x int := x + 2;
+          z int := x * 10;
+  begin
+    raise notice 'x = %, y = %, z = %', x, y, z;
+  end;
+end;
+$$;
+NOTICE:  x = 44, y = 43, z = 440
+-- Check handling of conflicts between plpgsql vars and table columns.
+set plpgsql.variable_conflict = error;
+create function conflict_test() returns setof int8_tbl as $$
+declare r record;
+  q1 bigint := 42;
+begin
+  for r in select q1,q2 from int8_tbl loop
+    return next r;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from conflict_test();
+ERROR:  column reference "q1" is ambiguous
+LINE 1: select q1,q2 from int8_tbl
+               ^
+DETAIL:  It could refer to either a PL/pgSQL variable or a table column.
+QUERY:  select q1,q2 from int8_tbl
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function conflict_test() line 5 at FOR over SELECT rows
+create or replace function conflict_test() returns setof int8_tbl as $$
+#variable_conflict use_variable
+declare r record;
+  q1 bigint := 42;
+begin
+  for r in select q1,q2 from int8_tbl loop
+    return next r;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from conflict_test();
+ q1 |        q2         
+----+-------------------
+ 42 |               456
+ 42 |  4567890123456789
+ 42 |               123
+ 42 |  4567890123456789
+ 42 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+create or replace function conflict_test() returns setof int8_tbl as $$
+#variable_conflict use_column
+declare r record;
+  q1 bigint := 42;
+begin
+  for r in select q1,q2 from int8_tbl loop
+    return next r;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select * from conflict_test();
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+drop function conflict_test();
+-- Check that an unreserved keyword can be used as a variable name
+create function unreserved_test() returns int as $$
+declare
+  forward int := 21;
+begin
+  forward := forward * 2;
+  return forward;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select unreserved_test();
+ unreserved_test 
+-----------------
+              42
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function unreserved_test() returns int as $$
+declare
+  return int := 42;
+begin
+  return := return + 1;
+  return return;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select unreserved_test();
+ unreserved_test 
+-----------------
+              43
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function unreserved_test() returns int as $$
+declare
+  comment int := 21;
+begin
+  comment := comment * 2;
+  comment on function unreserved_test() is 'this is a test';
+  return comment;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select unreserved_test();
+ unreserved_test 
+-----------------
+              42
+(1 row)
+
+select obj_description('unreserved_test()'::regprocedure, 'pg_proc');
+ obj_description 
+-----------------
+ this is a test
+(1 row)
+
+drop function unreserved_test();
+--
+-- Test FOREACH over arrays
+--
+create function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x int;
+begin
+  foreach x in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', x;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[1,2,3,4]);
+NOTICE:  1
+NOTICE:  2
+NOTICE:  3
+NOTICE:  4
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]]);
+NOTICE:  1
+NOTICE:  2
+NOTICE:  3
+NOTICE:  4
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x int;
+begin
+  foreach x slice 1 in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', x;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+-- should fail
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[1,2,3,4]);
+ERROR:  FOREACH ... SLICE loop variable must be of an array type
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function foreach_test(anyarray) line 4 at FOREACH over array
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]]);
+ERROR:  FOREACH ... SLICE loop variable must be of an array type
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function foreach_test(anyarray) line 4 at FOREACH over array
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x int[];
+begin
+  foreach x slice 1 in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', x;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[1,2,3,4]);
+NOTICE:  {1,2,3,4}
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]]);
+NOTICE:  {1,2}
+NOTICE:  {3,4}
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- higher level of slicing
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x int[];
+begin
+  foreach x slice 2 in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', x;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+-- should fail
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[1,2,3,4]);
+ERROR:  slice dimension (2) is out of the valid range 0..1
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function foreach_test(anyarray) line 4 at FOREACH over array
+-- ok
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]]);
+NOTICE:  {{1,2},{3,4}}
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[[1,2]],[[3,4]]]);
+NOTICE:  {{1,2}}
+NOTICE:  {{3,4}}
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+create type xy_tuple AS (x int, y int);
+-- iteration over array of records
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare r record;
+begin
+  foreach r in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', r;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[(10,20),(40,69),(35,78)]::xy_tuple[]);
+NOTICE:  (10,20)
+NOTICE:  (40,69)
+NOTICE:  (35,78)
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[(10,20),(40,69)],[(35,78),(88,76)]]::xy_tuple[]);
+NOTICE:  (10,20)
+NOTICE:  (40,69)
+NOTICE:  (35,78)
+NOTICE:  (88,76)
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x int; y int;
+begin
+  foreach x, y in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice 'x = %, y = %', x, y;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[(10,20),(40,69),(35,78)]::xy_tuple[]);
+NOTICE:  x = 10, y = 20
+NOTICE:  x = 40, y = 69
+NOTICE:  x = 35, y = 78
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[(10,20),(40,69)],[(35,78),(88,76)]]::xy_tuple[]);
+NOTICE:  x = 10, y = 20
+NOTICE:  x = 40, y = 69
+NOTICE:  x = 35, y = 78
+NOTICE:  x = 88, y = 76
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- slicing over array of composite types
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x xy_tuple[];
+begin
+  foreach x slice 1 in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', x;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[(10,20),(40,69),(35,78)]::xy_tuple[]);
+NOTICE:  {"(10,20)","(40,69)","(35,78)"}
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[(10,20),(40,69)],[(35,78),(88,76)]]::xy_tuple[]);
+NOTICE:  {"(10,20)","(40,69)"}
+NOTICE:  {"(35,78)","(88,76)"}
+ foreach_test 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+drop function foreach_test(anyarray);
+drop type xy_tuple;
+--
+-- Assorted tests for array subscript assignment
+--
+create temp table rtype (id int, ar text[]);
+create function arrayassign1() returns text[] language plpgsql as $$
+declare
+ r record;
+begin
+  r := row(12, '{foo,bar,baz}')::rtype;
+  r.ar[2] := 'replace';
+  return r.ar;
+end$$;
+select arrayassign1();
+   arrayassign1    
+-------------------
+ {foo,replace,baz}
+(1 row)
+
+select arrayassign1(); -- try again to exercise internal caching
+   arrayassign1    
+-------------------
+ {foo,replace,baz}
+(1 row)
+
+create domain orderedarray as int[2]
+  constraint sorted check (value[1] < value[2]);
+select '{1,2}'::orderedarray;
+ orderedarray 
+--------------
+ {1,2}
+(1 row)
+
+select '{2,1}'::orderedarray;  -- fail
+ERROR:  value for domain orderedarray violates check constraint "sorted"
+create function testoa(x1 int, x2 int, x3 int) returns orderedarray
+language plpgsql as $$
+declare res orderedarray;
+begin
+  res := array[x1, x2];
+  res[2] := x3;
+  return res;
+end$$;
+select testoa(1,2,3);
+ testoa 
+--------
+ {1,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select testoa(1,2,3); -- try again to exercise internal caching
+ testoa 
+--------
+ {1,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select testoa(2,1,3); -- fail at initial assign
+ERROR:  value for domain orderedarray violates check constraint "sorted"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function testoa(integer,integer,integer) line 4 at assignment
+select testoa(1,2,1); -- fail at update
+ERROR:  value for domain orderedarray violates check constraint "sorted"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function testoa(integer,integer,integer) line 5 at assignment
+drop function arrayassign1();
+drop function testoa(x1 int, x2 int, x3 int);
+--
+-- Test handling of expanded arrays
+--
+create function returns_rw_array(int) returns int[]
+language plpgsql as $$
+  declare r int[];
+  begin r := array[$1, $1]; return r; end;
+$$ stable;
+create function consumes_rw_array(int[]) returns int
+language plpgsql as $$
+  begin return $1[1]; end;
+$$ stable;
+select consumes_rw_array(returns_rw_array(42));
+ consumes_rw_array 
+-------------------
+                42
+(1 row)
+
+-- bug #14174
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select i, a from
+  (select returns_rw_array(1) as a offset 0) ss,
+  lateral consumes_rw_array(a) i;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: i.i, (returns_rw_array(1))
+   ->  Result
+         Output: returns_rw_array(1)
+   ->  Function Scan on public.consumes_rw_array i
+         Output: i.i
+         Function Call: consumes_rw_array((returns_rw_array(1)))
+(7 rows)
+
+select i, a from
+  (select returns_rw_array(1) as a offset 0) ss,
+  lateral consumes_rw_array(a) i;
+ i |   a   
+---+-------
+ 1 | {1,1}
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select consumes_rw_array(a), a from returns_rw_array(1) a;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on public.returns_rw_array a
+   Output: consumes_rw_array(a), a
+   Function Call: returns_rw_array(1)
+(3 rows)
+
+select consumes_rw_array(a), a from returns_rw_array(1) a;
+ consumes_rw_array |   a   
+-------------------+-------
+                 1 | {1,1}
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select consumes_rw_array(a), a from
+  (values (returns_rw_array(1)), (returns_rw_array(2))) v(a);
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+   Output: consumes_rw_array("*VALUES*".column1), "*VALUES*".column1
+(2 rows)
+
+select consumes_rw_array(a), a from
+  (values (returns_rw_array(1)), (returns_rw_array(2))) v(a);
+ consumes_rw_array |   a   
+-------------------+-------
+                 1 | {1,1}
+                 2 | {2,2}
+(2 rows)
+
+do $$
+declare a int[] := array[1,2];
+begin
+  a := a || 3;
+  raise notice 'a = %', a;
+end$$;
+NOTICE:  a = {1,2,3}
+--
+-- Test access to call stack
+--
+create function inner_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare _context text;
+begin
+  get diagnostics _context = pg_context;
+  raise notice '***%***', _context;
+  -- lets do it again, just for fun..
+  get diagnostics _context = pg_context;
+  raise notice '***%***', _context;
+  raise notice 'lets make sure we didnt break anything';
+  return 2 * $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create or replace function outer_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare
+  myresult int;
+begin
+  raise notice 'calling down into inner_func()';
+  myresult := inner_func($1);
+  raise notice 'inner_func() done';
+  return myresult;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create or replace function outer_outer_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare
+  myresult int;
+begin
+  raise notice 'calling down into outer_func()';
+  myresult := outer_func($1);
+  raise notice 'outer_func() done';
+  return myresult;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select outer_outer_func(10);
+NOTICE:  calling down into outer_func()
+NOTICE:  calling down into inner_func()
+NOTICE:  ***PL/pgSQL function inner_func(integer) line 4 at GET DIAGNOSTICS
+PL/pgSQL function outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment
+PL/pgSQL function outer_outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment***
+NOTICE:  ***PL/pgSQL function inner_func(integer) line 7 at GET DIAGNOSTICS
+PL/pgSQL function outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment
+PL/pgSQL function outer_outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment***
+NOTICE:  lets make sure we didnt break anything
+NOTICE:  inner_func() done
+NOTICE:  outer_func() done
+ outer_outer_func 
+------------------
+               20
+(1 row)
+
+-- repeated call should to work
+select outer_outer_func(20);
+NOTICE:  calling down into outer_func()
+NOTICE:  calling down into inner_func()
+NOTICE:  ***PL/pgSQL function inner_func(integer) line 4 at GET DIAGNOSTICS
+PL/pgSQL function outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment
+PL/pgSQL function outer_outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment***
+NOTICE:  ***PL/pgSQL function inner_func(integer) line 7 at GET DIAGNOSTICS
+PL/pgSQL function outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment
+PL/pgSQL function outer_outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment***
+NOTICE:  lets make sure we didnt break anything
+NOTICE:  inner_func() done
+NOTICE:  outer_func() done
+ outer_outer_func 
+------------------
+               40
+(1 row)
+
+drop function outer_outer_func(int);
+drop function outer_func(int);
+drop function inner_func(int);
+-- access to call stack from exception
+create function inner_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare
+  _context text;
+  sx int := 5;
+begin
+  begin
+    perform sx / 0;
+  exception
+    when division_by_zero then
+      get diagnostics _context = pg_context;
+      raise notice '***%***', _context;
+  end;
+
+  -- lets do it again, just for fun..
+  get diagnostics _context = pg_context;
+  raise notice '***%***', _context;
+  raise notice 'lets make sure we didnt break anything';
+  return 2 * $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create or replace function outer_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare
+  myresult int;
+begin
+  raise notice 'calling down into inner_func()';
+  myresult := inner_func($1);
+  raise notice 'inner_func() done';
+  return myresult;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create or replace function outer_outer_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare
+  myresult int;
+begin
+  raise notice 'calling down into outer_func()';
+  myresult := outer_func($1);
+  raise notice 'outer_func() done';
+  return myresult;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select outer_outer_func(10);
+NOTICE:  calling down into outer_func()
+NOTICE:  calling down into inner_func()
+NOTICE:  ***PL/pgSQL function inner_func(integer) line 10 at GET DIAGNOSTICS
+PL/pgSQL function outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment
+PL/pgSQL function outer_outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment***
+NOTICE:  ***PL/pgSQL function inner_func(integer) line 15 at GET DIAGNOSTICS
+PL/pgSQL function outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment
+PL/pgSQL function outer_outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment***
+NOTICE:  lets make sure we didnt break anything
+NOTICE:  inner_func() done
+NOTICE:  outer_func() done
+ outer_outer_func 
+------------------
+               20
+(1 row)
+
+-- repeated call should to work
+select outer_outer_func(20);
+NOTICE:  calling down into outer_func()
+NOTICE:  calling down into inner_func()
+NOTICE:  ***PL/pgSQL function inner_func(integer) line 10 at GET DIAGNOSTICS
+PL/pgSQL function outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment
+PL/pgSQL function outer_outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment***
+NOTICE:  ***PL/pgSQL function inner_func(integer) line 15 at GET DIAGNOSTICS
+PL/pgSQL function outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment
+PL/pgSQL function outer_outer_func(integer) line 6 at assignment***
+NOTICE:  lets make sure we didnt break anything
+NOTICE:  inner_func() done
+NOTICE:  outer_func() done
+ outer_outer_func 
+------------------
+               40
+(1 row)
+
+drop function outer_outer_func(int);
+drop function outer_func(int);
+drop function inner_func(int);
+--
+-- Test ASSERT
+--
+do $$
+begin
+  assert 1=1;  -- should succeed
+end;
+$$;
+do $$
+begin
+  assert 1=0;  -- should fail
+end;
+$$;
+ERROR:  assertion failed
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 3 at ASSERT
+do $$
+begin
+  assert NULL;  -- should fail
+end;
+$$;
+ERROR:  assertion failed
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 3 at ASSERT
+-- check controlling GUC
+set plpgsql.check_asserts = off;
+do $$
+begin
+  assert 1=0;  -- won't be tested
+end;
+$$;
+reset plpgsql.check_asserts;
+-- test custom message
+do $$
+declare var text := 'some value';
+begin
+  assert 1=0, format('assertion failed, var = "%s"', var);
+end;
+$$;
+ERROR:  assertion failed, var = "some value"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at ASSERT
+-- ensure assertions are not trapped by 'others'
+do $$
+begin
+  assert 1=0, 'unhandled assertion';
+exception when others then
+  null; -- do nothing
+end;
+$$;
+ERROR:  unhandled assertion
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 3 at ASSERT
+-- Test use of plpgsql in a domain check constraint (cf. bug #14414)
+create function plpgsql_domain_check(val int) returns boolean as $$
+begin return val > 0; end
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+create domain plpgsql_domain as integer check(plpgsql_domain_check(value));
+do $$
+declare v_test plpgsql_domain;
+begin
+  v_test := 1;
+end;
+$$;
+do $$
+declare v_test plpgsql_domain := 1;
+begin
+  v_test := 0;  -- fail
+end;
+$$;
+ERROR:  value for domain plpgsql_domain violates check constraint "plpgsql_domain_check"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at assignment
+-- Test handling of expanded array passed to a domain constraint (bug #14472)
+create function plpgsql_arr_domain_check(val int[]) returns boolean as $$
+begin return val[1] > 0; end
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+create domain plpgsql_arr_domain as int[] check(plpgsql_arr_domain_check(value));
+do $$
+declare v_test plpgsql_arr_domain;
+begin
+  v_test := array[1];
+  v_test := v_test || 2;
+end;
+$$;
+do $$
+declare v_test plpgsql_arr_domain := array[1];
+begin
+  v_test := 0 || v_test;  -- fail
+end;
+$$;
+ERROR:  value for domain plpgsql_arr_domain violates check constraint "plpgsql_arr_domain_check"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at assignment
+--
+-- test usage of transition tables in AFTER triggers
+--
+CREATE TABLE transition_table_base (id int PRIMARY KEY, val text);
+CREATE FUNCTION transition_table_base_ins_func()
+  RETURNS trigger
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE
+  t text;
+  l text;
+BEGIN
+  t = '';
+  FOR l IN EXECUTE
+           $q$
+             EXPLAIN (TIMING off, COSTS off, VERBOSE on)
+             SELECT * FROM newtable
+           $q$ LOOP
+    t = t || l || E'\n';
+  END LOOP;
+
+  RAISE INFO '%', t;
+  RETURN new;
+END;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_base_ins_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON transition_table_base
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS oldtable NEW TABLE AS newtable
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE transition_table_base_ins_func();
+ERROR:  OLD TABLE can only be specified for a DELETE or UPDATE trigger
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_base_ins_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON transition_table_base
+  REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS newtable
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE transition_table_base_ins_func();
+INSERT INTO transition_table_base VALUES (1, 'One'), (2, 'Two');
+INFO:  Named Tuplestore Scan
+  Output: id, val
+
+INSERT INTO transition_table_base VALUES (3, 'Three'), (4, 'Four');
+INFO:  Named Tuplestore Scan
+  Output: id, val
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION transition_table_base_upd_func()
+  RETURNS trigger
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE
+  t text;
+  l text;
+BEGIN
+  t = '';
+  FOR l IN EXECUTE
+           $q$
+             EXPLAIN (TIMING off, COSTS off, VERBOSE on)
+             SELECT * FROM oldtable ot FULL JOIN newtable nt USING (id)
+           $q$ LOOP
+    t = t || l || E'\n';
+  END LOOP;
+
+  RAISE INFO '%', t;
+  RETURN new;
+END;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_base_upd_trig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON transition_table_base
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS oldtable NEW TABLE AS newtable
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE transition_table_base_upd_func();
+UPDATE transition_table_base
+  SET val = '*' || val || '*'
+  WHERE id BETWEEN 2 AND 3;
+INFO:  Hash Full Join
+  Output: COALESCE(ot.id, nt.id), ot.val, nt.val
+  Hash Cond: (ot.id = nt.id)
+  ->  Named Tuplestore Scan
+        Output: ot.id, ot.val
+  ->  Hash
+        Output: nt.id, nt.val
+        ->  Named Tuplestore Scan
+              Output: nt.id, nt.val
+
+CREATE TABLE transition_table_level1
+(
+      level1_no serial NOT NULL ,
+      level1_node_name varchar(255),
+       PRIMARY KEY (level1_no)
+) WITHOUT OIDS;
+CREATE TABLE transition_table_level2
+(
+      level2_no serial NOT NULL ,
+      parent_no int NOT NULL,
+      level1_node_name varchar(255),
+       PRIMARY KEY (level2_no)
+) WITHOUT OIDS;
+CREATE TABLE transition_table_status
+(
+      level int NOT NULL,
+      node_no int NOT NULL,
+      status int,
+       PRIMARY KEY (level, node_no)
+) WITHOUT OIDS;
+CREATE FUNCTION transition_table_level1_ri_parent_del_func()
+  RETURNS TRIGGER
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+  DECLARE n bigint;
+  BEGIN
+    PERFORM FROM p JOIN transition_table_level2 c ON c.parent_no = p.level1_no;
+    IF FOUND THEN
+      RAISE EXCEPTION 'RI error';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_level1_ri_parent_del_trigger
+  AFTER DELETE ON transition_table_level1
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS p
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    transition_table_level1_ri_parent_del_func();
+CREATE FUNCTION transition_table_level1_ri_parent_upd_func()
+  RETURNS TRIGGER
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+  DECLARE
+    x int;
+  BEGIN
+    WITH p AS (SELECT level1_no, sum(delta) cnt
+                 FROM (SELECT level1_no, 1 AS delta FROM i
+                       UNION ALL
+                       SELECT level1_no, -1 AS delta FROM d) w
+                 GROUP BY level1_no
+                 HAVING sum(delta) < 0)
+    SELECT level1_no
+      FROM p JOIN transition_table_level2 c ON c.parent_no = p.level1_no
+      INTO x;
+    IF FOUND THEN
+      RAISE EXCEPTION 'RI error';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_level1_ri_parent_upd_trigger
+  AFTER UPDATE ON transition_table_level1
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS d NEW TABLE AS i
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    transition_table_level1_ri_parent_upd_func();
+CREATE FUNCTION transition_table_level2_ri_child_insupd_func()
+  RETURNS TRIGGER
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    PERFORM FROM i
+      LEFT JOIN transition_table_level1 p
+        ON p.level1_no IS NOT NULL AND p.level1_no = i.parent_no
+      WHERE p.level1_no IS NULL;
+    IF FOUND THEN
+      RAISE EXCEPTION 'RI error';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_level2_ri_child_ins_trigger
+  AFTER INSERT ON transition_table_level2
+  REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS i
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    transition_table_level2_ri_child_insupd_func();
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_level2_ri_child_upd_trigger
+  AFTER UPDATE ON transition_table_level2
+  REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS i
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    transition_table_level2_ri_child_insupd_func();
+-- create initial test data
+INSERT INTO transition_table_level1 (level1_no)
+  SELECT generate_series(1,200);
+ANALYZE transition_table_level1;
+INSERT INTO transition_table_level2 (level2_no, parent_no)
+  SELECT level2_no, level2_no / 50 + 1 AS parent_no
+    FROM generate_series(1,9999) level2_no;
+ANALYZE transition_table_level2;
+INSERT INTO transition_table_status (level, node_no, status)
+  SELECT 1, level1_no, 0 FROM transition_table_level1;
+INSERT INTO transition_table_status (level, node_no, status)
+  SELECT 2, level2_no, 0 FROM transition_table_level2;
+ANALYZE transition_table_status;
+INSERT INTO transition_table_level1(level1_no)
+  SELECT generate_series(201,1000);
+ANALYZE transition_table_level1;
+-- behave reasonably if someone tries to modify a transition table
+CREATE FUNCTION transition_table_level2_bad_usage_func()
+  RETURNS TRIGGER
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    INSERT INTO dx VALUES (1000000, 1000000, 'x');
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_level2_bad_usage_trigger
+  AFTER DELETE ON transition_table_level2
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS dx
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    transition_table_level2_bad_usage_func();
+DELETE FROM transition_table_level2
+  WHERE level2_no BETWEEN 301 AND 305;
+ERROR:  relation "dx" cannot be the target of a modifying statement
+CONTEXT:  SQL statement "INSERT INTO dx VALUES (1000000, 1000000, 'x')"
+PL/pgSQL function transition_table_level2_bad_usage_func() line 3 at SQL statement
+DROP TRIGGER transition_table_level2_bad_usage_trigger
+  ON transition_table_level2;
+-- attempt modifications which would break RI (should all fail)
+DELETE FROM transition_table_level1
+  WHERE level1_no = 25;
+ERROR:  RI error
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function transition_table_level1_ri_parent_del_func() line 6 at RAISE
+UPDATE transition_table_level1 SET level1_no = -1
+  WHERE level1_no = 30;
+ERROR:  RI error
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function transition_table_level1_ri_parent_upd_func() line 15 at RAISE
+INSERT INTO transition_table_level2 (level2_no, parent_no)
+  VALUES (10000, 10000);
+ERROR:  RI error
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function transition_table_level2_ri_child_insupd_func() line 8 at RAISE
+UPDATE transition_table_level2 SET parent_no = 2000
+  WHERE level2_no = 40;
+ERROR:  RI error
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function transition_table_level2_ri_child_insupd_func() line 8 at RAISE
+-- attempt modifications which would not break RI (should all succeed)
+DELETE FROM transition_table_level1
+  WHERE level1_no BETWEEN 201 AND 1000;
+DELETE FROM transition_table_level1
+  WHERE level1_no BETWEEN 100000000 AND 100000010;
+SELECT count(*) FROM transition_table_level1;
+ count 
+-------
+   200
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM transition_table_level2
+  WHERE level2_no BETWEEN 211 AND 220;
+SELECT count(*) FROM transition_table_level2;
+ count 
+-------
+  9989
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+(
+  id int PRIMARY KEY,
+  name text
+);
+CREATE FUNCTION alter_table_under_transition_tables_upd_func()
+  RETURNS TRIGGER
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE WARNING 'old table = %, new table = %',
+                  (SELECT string_agg(id || '=' || name, ',') FROM d),
+                  (SELECT string_agg(id || '=' || name, ',') FROM i);
+  RAISE NOTICE 'one = %', (SELECT 1 FROM alter_table_under_transition_tables LIMIT 1);
+  RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$;
+-- should fail, TRUNCATE is not compatible with transition tables
+CREATE TRIGGER alter_table_under_transition_tables_upd_trigger
+  AFTER TRUNCATE OR UPDATE ON alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS d NEW TABLE AS i
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    alter_table_under_transition_tables_upd_func();
+ERROR:  TRUNCATE triggers with transition tables are not supported
+-- should work
+CREATE TRIGGER alter_table_under_transition_tables_upd_trigger
+  AFTER UPDATE ON alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS d NEW TABLE AS i
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    alter_table_under_transition_tables_upd_func();
+INSERT INTO alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  VALUES (1, '1'), (2, '2'), (3, '3');
+UPDATE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  SET name = name || name;
+WARNING:  old table = 1=1,2=2,3=3, new table = 1=11,2=22,3=33
+NOTICE:  one = 1
+-- now change 'name' to an integer to see what happens...
+ALTER TABLE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  ALTER COLUMN name TYPE int USING name::integer;
+UPDATE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  SET name = (name::text || name::text)::integer;
+WARNING:  old table = 1=11,2=22,3=33, new table = 1=1111,2=2222,3=3333
+NOTICE:  one = 1
+-- now drop column 'name'
+ALTER TABLE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  DROP column name;
+UPDATE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  SET id = id;
+ERROR:  column "name" does not exist
+LINE 1: (SELECT string_agg(id || '=' || name, ',') FROM d)
+                                        ^
+QUERY:  (SELECT string_agg(id || '=' || name, ',') FROM d)
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function alter_table_under_transition_tables_upd_func() line 3 at RAISE
+--
+-- Test multiple reference to a transition table
+--
+CREATE TABLE multi_test (i int);
+INSERT INTO multi_test VALUES (1);
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION multi_test_trig() RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+    RAISE NOTICE 'count = %', (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM new_test);
+    RAISE NOTICE 'count union = %',
+      (SELECT COUNT(*)
+       FROM (SELECT * FROM new_test UNION ALL SELECT * FROM new_test) ss);
+    RETURN NULL;
+END$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER my_trigger AFTER UPDATE ON multi_test
+  REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS new_test OLD TABLE as old_test
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE multi_test_trig();
+UPDATE multi_test SET i = i;
+NOTICE:  count = 1
+NOTICE:  count union = 2
+DROP TABLE multi_test;
+DROP FUNCTION multi_test_trig();
+--
+-- Check type parsing and record fetching from partitioned tables
+--
+CREATE TABLE partitioned_table (a int, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pt_part1 PARTITION OF partitioned_table FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE pt_part2 PARTITION OF partitioned_table FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO partitioned_table VALUES (1, 'Row 1');
+INSERT INTO partitioned_table VALUES (2, 'Row 2');
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_from_partitioned_table(partitioned_table.a%type)
+RETURNS partitioned_table AS $$
+DECLARE
+    a_val partitioned_table.a%TYPE;
+    result partitioned_table%ROWTYPE;
+BEGIN
+    a_val := $1;
+    SELECT * INTO result FROM partitioned_table WHERE a = a_val;
+    RETURN result;
+END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+NOTICE:  type reference partitioned_table.a%TYPE converted to integer
+SELECT * FROM get_from_partitioned_table(1) AS t;
+ a |   b   
+---+-------
+ 1 | Row 1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION list_partitioned_table()
+RETURNS SETOF partitioned_table.a%TYPE AS $$
+DECLARE
+    row partitioned_table%ROWTYPE;
+    a_val partitioned_table.a%TYPE;
+BEGIN
+    FOR row IN SELECT * FROM partitioned_table ORDER BY a LOOP
+        a_val := row.a;
+        RETURN NEXT a_val;
+    END LOOP;
+    RETURN;
+END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+NOTICE:  type reference partitioned_table.a%TYPE converted to integer
+SELECT * FROM list_partitioned_table() AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check argument name is used instead of $n in error message
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION fx(x WSlot) RETURNS void AS $$
+BEGIN
+  GET DIAGNOSTICS x = ROW_COUNT;
+  RETURN;
+END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+ERROR:  "x" is not a scalar variable
+LINE 3:   GET DIAGNOSTICS x = ROW_COUNT;
+                          ^
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/point.out b/src/test/regress/expected/point.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bde8ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/point.out
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+--
+-- POINT
+--
+-- avoid bit-exact output here because operations may not be bit-exact.
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+-- point_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdfasdf');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type point: "asdfasdf"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdfasdf');
+                                          ^
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0 10.0)');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type point: "(10.0 10.0)"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0 10.0)');
+                                          ^
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0, 10.0) x');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type point: "(10.0, 10.0) x"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0, 10.0) x');
+                                          ^
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0,10.0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type point: "(10.0,10.0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0,10.0');
+                                          ^
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0, 1e+500)');	-- Out of range
+ERROR:  "1e+500" is out of range for type double precision
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0, 1e+500)');
+                                          ^
+SELECT * FROM POINT_TBL;
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ (0,0)
+ (-10,0)
+ (-3,4)
+ (5.1,34.5)
+ (-5,-12)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (NaN,NaN)
+ (10,10)
+(10 rows)
+
+-- left of
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1 << '(0.0, 0.0)';
+    f1    
+----------
+ (-10,0)
+ (-3,4)
+ (-5,-12)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- right of
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p WHERE '(0.0,0.0)' >> p.f1;
+    f1    
+----------
+ (-10,0)
+ (-3,4)
+ (-5,-12)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- above
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p WHERE '(0.0,0.0)' |>> p.f1;
+    f1    
+----------
+ (-5,-12)
+(1 row)
+
+-- below
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1 <<| '(0.0, 0.0)';
+    f1    
+----------
+ (-5,-12)
+(1 row)
+
+-- equal
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(5.1, 34.5)';
+     f1     
+------------
+ (5.1,34.5)
+(1 row)
+
+-- point in box
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p
+   WHERE p.f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)';
+     f1     
+------------
+ (0,0)
+ (5.1,34.5)
+ (10,10)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p
+   WHERE box '(0,0,100,100)' @> p.f1;
+     f1     
+------------
+ (0,0)
+ (5.1,34.5)
+ (10,10)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p
+   WHERE not p.f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)';
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ (-10,0)
+ (-3,4)
+ (-5,-12)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (NaN,NaN)
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p
+   WHERE p.f1 <@ path '[(0,0),(-10,0),(-10,10)]';
+        f1        
+------------------
+ (0,0)
+ (-10,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p
+   WHERE not box '(0,0,100,100)' @> p.f1;
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ (-10,0)
+ (-3,4)
+ (-5,-12)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (NaN,NaN)
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT p.f1, p.f1 <-> point '(0,0)' AS dist
+   FROM POINT_TBL p
+   ORDER BY dist;
+        f1         |         dist         
+-------------------+----------------------
+ (0,0)             |                    0
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | 1.4142135623731e-300
+ (-3,4)            |                    5
+ (-10,0)           |                   10
+ (-5,-12)          |                   13
+ (10,10)           |      14.142135623731
+ (5.1,34.5)        |     34.8749193547455
+ (1e+300,Infinity) |             Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) |             Infinity
+ (NaN,NaN)         |                  NaN
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT p1.f1 AS point1, p2.f1 AS point2, p1.f1 <-> p2.f1 AS dist
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2
+   ORDER BY dist, p1.f1[0], p2.f1[0];
+      point1       |      point2       |         dist         
+-------------------+-------------------+----------------------
+ (-10,0)           | (-10,0)           |                    0
+ (-5,-12)          | (-5,-12)          |                    0
+ (-3,4)            | (-3,4)            |                    0
+ (0,0)             | (0,0)             |                    0
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |                    0
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (5.1,34.5)        |                    0
+ (10,10)           | (10,10)           |                    0
+ (0,0)             | (1e-300,-1e-300)  | 1.4142135623731e-300
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (0,0)             | 1.4142135623731e-300
+ (-3,4)            | (0,0)             |                    5
+ (-3,4)            | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |                    5
+ (0,0)             | (-3,4)            |                    5
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-3,4)            |                    5
+ (-10,0)           | (-3,4)            |     8.06225774829855
+ (-3,4)            | (-10,0)           |     8.06225774829855
+ (-10,0)           | (0,0)             |                   10
+ (-10,0)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |                   10
+ (0,0)             | (-10,0)           |                   10
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-10,0)           |                   10
+ (-10,0)           | (-5,-12)          |                   13
+ (-5,-12)          | (-10,0)           |                   13
+ (-5,-12)          | (0,0)             |                   13
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |                   13
+ (0,0)             | (-5,-12)          |                   13
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-5,-12)          |                   13
+ (0,0)             | (10,10)           |      14.142135623731
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (10,10)           |      14.142135623731
+ (10,10)           | (0,0)             |      14.142135623731
+ (10,10)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |      14.142135623731
+ (-3,4)            | (10,10)           |     14.3178210632764
+ (10,10)           | (-3,4)            |     14.3178210632764
+ (-5,-12)          | (-3,4)            |     16.1245154965971
+ (-3,4)            | (-5,-12)          |     16.1245154965971
+ (-10,0)           | (10,10)           |     22.3606797749979
+ (10,10)           | (-10,0)           |     22.3606797749979
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (10,10)           |     24.9851956166046
+ (10,10)           | (5.1,34.5)        |     24.9851956166046
+ (-5,-12)          | (10,10)           |     26.6270539113887
+ (10,10)           | (-5,-12)          |     26.6270539113887
+ (-3,4)            | (5.1,34.5)        |     31.5572495632937
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-3,4)            |     31.5572495632937
+ (0,0)             | (5.1,34.5)        |     34.8749193547455
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (5.1,34.5)        |     34.8749193547455
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (0,0)             |     34.8749193547455
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |     34.8749193547455
+ (-10,0)           | (5.1,34.5)        |     37.6597928831267
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-10,0)           |     37.6597928831267
+ (-5,-12)          | (5.1,34.5)        |     47.5842410888311
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-5,-12)          |     47.5842410888311
+ (-10,0)           | (1e+300,Infinity) |             Infinity
+ (-10,0)           | (Infinity,1e+300) |             Infinity
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e+300,Infinity) |             Infinity
+ (-5,-12)          | (Infinity,1e+300) |             Infinity
+ (-3,4)            | (1e+300,Infinity) |             Infinity
+ (-3,4)            | (Infinity,1e+300) |             Infinity
+ (0,0)             | (1e+300,Infinity) |             Infinity
+ (0,0)             | (Infinity,1e+300) |             Infinity
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e+300,Infinity) |             Infinity
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (Infinity,1e+300) |             Infinity
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e+300,Infinity) |             Infinity
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (Infinity,1e+300) |             Infinity
+ (10,10)           | (1e+300,Infinity) |             Infinity
+ (10,10)           | (Infinity,1e+300) |             Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-10,0)           |             Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-5,-12)          |             Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-3,4)            |             Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (0,0)             |             Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |             Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (5.1,34.5)        |             Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (10,10)           |             Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (Infinity,1e+300) |             Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-10,0)           |             Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-5,-12)          |             Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-3,4)            |             Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (0,0)             |             Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |             Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (5.1,34.5)        |             Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (10,10)           |             Infinity
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e+300,Infinity) |             Infinity
+ (-10,0)           | (NaN,NaN)         |                  NaN
+ (-5,-12)          | (NaN,NaN)         |                  NaN
+ (-3,4)            | (NaN,NaN)         |                  NaN
+ (0,0)             | (NaN,NaN)         |                  NaN
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (NaN,NaN)         |                  NaN
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (NaN,NaN)         |                  NaN
+ (10,10)           | (NaN,NaN)         |                  NaN
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity) |                  NaN
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (NaN,NaN)         |                  NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300) |                  NaN
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (NaN,NaN)         |                  NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-10,0)           |                  NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-5,-12)          |                  NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-3,4)            |                  NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (0,0)             |                  NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |                  NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (5.1,34.5)        |                  NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (10,10)           |                  NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e+300,Infinity) |                  NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (Infinity,1e+300) |                  NaN
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)         |                  NaN
+(100 rows)
+
+SELECT p1.f1 AS point1, p2.f1 AS point2
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2
+   WHERE (p1.f1 <-> p2.f1) > 3;
+      point1       |      point2       
+-------------------+-------------------
+ (0,0)             | (-10,0)
+ (0,0)             | (-3,4)
+ (0,0)             | (5.1,34.5)
+ (0,0)             | (-5,-12)
+ (0,0)             | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (0,0)             | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (0,0)             | (NaN,NaN)
+ (0,0)             | (10,10)
+ (-10,0)           | (0,0)
+ (-10,0)           | (-3,4)
+ (-10,0)           | (5.1,34.5)
+ (-10,0)           | (-5,-12)
+ (-10,0)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (-10,0)           | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (-10,0)           | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (-10,0)           | (NaN,NaN)
+ (-10,0)           | (10,10)
+ (-3,4)            | (0,0)
+ (-3,4)            | (-10,0)
+ (-3,4)            | (5.1,34.5)
+ (-3,4)            | (-5,-12)
+ (-3,4)            | (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (-3,4)            | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (-3,4)            | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (-3,4)            | (NaN,NaN)
+ (-3,4)            | (10,10)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (0,0)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-10,0)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-3,4)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (-5,-12)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (NaN,NaN)
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (10,10)
+ (-5,-12)          | (0,0)
+ (-5,-12)          | (-10,0)
+ (-5,-12)          | (-3,4)
+ (-5,-12)          | (5.1,34.5)
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (-5,-12)          | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (-5,-12)          | (NaN,NaN)
+ (-5,-12)          | (10,10)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-10,0)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-3,4)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (5.1,34.5)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (-5,-12)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (NaN,NaN)
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (10,10)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (0,0)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-10,0)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-3,4)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (5.1,34.5)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (-5,-12)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (NaN,NaN)
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (10,10)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (0,0)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-10,0)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-3,4)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (5.1,34.5)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (-5,-12)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (NaN,NaN)
+ (Infinity,1e+300) | (10,10)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (0,0)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-10,0)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-3,4)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (5.1,34.5)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (-5,-12)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (NaN,NaN)
+ (NaN,NaN)         | (10,10)
+ (10,10)           | (0,0)
+ (10,10)           | (-10,0)
+ (10,10)           | (-3,4)
+ (10,10)           | (5.1,34.5)
+ (10,10)           | (-5,-12)
+ (10,10)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)
+ (10,10)           | (1e+300,Infinity)
+ (10,10)           | (Infinity,1e+300)
+ (10,10)           | (NaN,NaN)
+(91 rows)
+
+-- put distance result into output to allow sorting with GEQ optimizer - tgl 97/05/10
+SELECT p1.f1 AS point1, p2.f1 AS point2, (p1.f1 <-> p2.f1) AS distance
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2
+   WHERE (p1.f1 <-> p2.f1) > 3 and p1.f1 << p2.f1
+   ORDER BY distance, p1.f1[0], p2.f1[0];
+      point1       |      point2       |     distance     
+-------------------+-------------------+------------------
+ (-3,4)            | (0,0)             |                5
+ (-3,4)            | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |                5
+ (-10,0)           | (-3,4)            | 8.06225774829855
+ (-10,0)           | (0,0)             |               10
+ (-10,0)           | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |               10
+ (-10,0)           | (-5,-12)          |               13
+ (-5,-12)          | (0,0)             |               13
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |               13
+ (0,0)             | (10,10)           |  14.142135623731
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (10,10)           |  14.142135623731
+ (-3,4)            | (10,10)           | 14.3178210632764
+ (-5,-12)          | (-3,4)            | 16.1245154965971
+ (-10,0)           | (10,10)           | 22.3606797749979
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (10,10)           | 24.9851956166046
+ (-5,-12)          | (10,10)           | 26.6270539113887
+ (-3,4)            | (5.1,34.5)        | 31.5572495632937
+ (0,0)             | (5.1,34.5)        | 34.8749193547455
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (5.1,34.5)        | 34.8749193547455
+ (-10,0)           | (5.1,34.5)        | 37.6597928831267
+ (-5,-12)          | (5.1,34.5)        | 47.5842410888311
+ (-10,0)           | (1e+300,Infinity) |         Infinity
+ (-10,0)           | (Infinity,1e+300) |         Infinity
+ (-5,-12)          | (1e+300,Infinity) |         Infinity
+ (-5,-12)          | (Infinity,1e+300) |         Infinity
+ (-3,4)            | (1e+300,Infinity) |         Infinity
+ (-3,4)            | (Infinity,1e+300) |         Infinity
+ (0,0)             | (1e+300,Infinity) |         Infinity
+ (0,0)             | (Infinity,1e+300) |         Infinity
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (1e+300,Infinity) |         Infinity
+ (1e-300,-1e-300)  | (Infinity,1e+300) |         Infinity
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (1e+300,Infinity) |         Infinity
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (Infinity,1e+300) |         Infinity
+ (10,10)           | (1e+300,Infinity) |         Infinity
+ (10,10)           | (Infinity,1e+300) |         Infinity
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (Infinity,1e+300) |         Infinity
+(35 rows)
+
+-- put distance result into output to allow sorting with GEQ optimizer - tgl 97/05/10
+SELECT p1.f1 AS point1, p2.f1 AS point2, (p1.f1 <-> p2.f1) AS distance
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2
+   WHERE (p1.f1 <-> p2.f1) > 3 and p1.f1 << p2.f1 and p1.f1 |>> p2.f1
+   ORDER BY distance;
+      point1       |      point2       |     distance     
+-------------------+-------------------+------------------
+ (-3,4)            | (0,0)             |                5
+ (-3,4)            | (1e-300,-1e-300)  |                5
+ (-10,0)           | (-5,-12)          |               13
+ (5.1,34.5)        | (10,10)           | 24.9851956166046
+ (1e+300,Infinity) | (Infinity,1e+300) |         Infinity
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Test that GiST indexes provide same behavior as sequential scan
+CREATE TEMP TABLE point_gist_tbl(f1 point);
+INSERT INTO point_gist_tbl SELECT '(0,0)' FROM generate_series(0,1000);
+CREATE INDEX point_gist_tbl_index ON point_gist_tbl USING gist (f1);
+INSERT INTO point_gist_tbl VALUES ('(0.0000009,0.0000009)');
+SET enable_seqscan TO true;
+SET enable_indexscan TO false;
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO false;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 ~= '(0.0000009,0.0000009)'::point;
+ count 
+-------
+  1002
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(0.0000009,0.0000009),(0.0000009,0.0000009)'::box;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 ~= '(0.0000018,0.0000018)'::point;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SET enable_seqscan TO false;
+SET enable_indexscan TO true;
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO true;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 ~= '(0.0000009,0.0000009)'::point;
+ count 
+-------
+  1002
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(0.0000009,0.0000009),(0.0000009,0.0000009)'::box;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 ~= '(0.0000018,0.0000018)'::point;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/polygon.out b/src/test/regress/expected/polygon.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38e433b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/polygon.out
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+--
+-- POLYGON
+--
+-- polygon logic
+--
+CREATE TABLE POLYGON_TBL(f1 polygon);
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(2.0,0.0),(2.0,4.0),(0.0,0.0)');
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(3.0,1.0),(3.0,3.0),(1.0,0.0)');
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8)');
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2)'); -- Reverse
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)');
+-- degenerate polygons
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0.0,0.0)');
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0.0,1.0),(0.0,1.0)');
+-- bad polygon input strings
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('0.0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type polygon: "0.0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('0.0');
+                                            ^
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0.0 0.0');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type polygon: "(0.0 0.0"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0.0 0.0');
+                                            ^
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0,1,2)');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type polygon: "(0,1,2)"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0,1,2)');
+                                            ^
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0,1,2,3');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type polygon: "(0,1,2,3"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0,1,2,3');
+                                            ^
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdf');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type polygon: "asdf"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdf');
+                                            ^
+SELECT * FROM POLYGON_TBL;
+             f1             
+----------------------------
+ ((2,0),(2,4),(0,0))
+ ((3,1),(3,3),(1,0))
+ ((1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8))
+ ((7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2))
+ ((1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4))
+ ((0,0))
+ ((0,1),(0,1))
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test the SP-GiST index
+--
+CREATE TABLE quad_poly_tbl (id int, p polygon);
+INSERT INTO quad_poly_tbl
+	SELECT (x - 1) * 100 + y, polygon(circle(point(x * 10, y * 10), 1 + (x + y) % 10))
+	FROM generate_series(1, 100) x,
+		 generate_series(1, 100) y;
+INSERT INTO quad_poly_tbl
+	SELECT i, polygon '((200, 300),(210, 310),(230, 290))'
+	FROM generate_series(10001, 11000) AS i;
+INSERT INTO quad_poly_tbl
+	VALUES
+		(11001, NULL),
+		(11002, NULL),
+		(11003, NULL);
+CREATE INDEX quad_poly_tbl_idx ON quad_poly_tbl USING spgist(p);
+-- get reference results for ORDER BY distance from seq scan
+SET enable_seqscan = ON;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_poly_tbl_ord_seq2 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> point '123,456') n, p <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <@ polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+-- check results from index scan
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p << polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p << '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p << '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p << polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+ count 
+-------
+  3890
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &< polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p &< '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p &< '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &< polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+ count 
+-------
+  7900
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p && polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p && '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p && '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p && polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+ count 
+-------
+   977
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p &> '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p &> '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+ count 
+-------
+  7000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p >> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p >> '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p >> '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p >> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+ count 
+-------
+  2990
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <<| polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                       
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p <<| '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p <<| '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <<| polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+ count 
+-------
+  1890
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &<| polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                       
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p &<| '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p &<| '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &<| polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+ count 
+-------
+  6900
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p |&> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                       
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p |&> '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p |&> '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p |&> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+ count 
+-------
+  9000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p |>> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                       
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p |>> '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p |>> '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p |>> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+ count 
+-------
+  3990
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <@ polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p <@ '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p <@ '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <@ polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+ count 
+-------
+   831
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p @> polygon '((340,550),(343,552),(341,553))';
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p @> '((340,550),(343,552),(341,553))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p @> '((340,550),(343,552),(341,553))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p @> polygon '((340,550),(343,552),(341,553))';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p ~= polygon '((200, 300),(210, 310),(230, 290))';
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on quad_poly_tbl
+         Recheck Cond: (p ~= '((200,300),(210,310),(230,290))'::polygon)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on quad_poly_tbl_idx
+               Index Cond: (p ~= '((200,300),(210,310),(230,290))'::polygon)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p ~= polygon '((200, 300),(210, 310),(230, 290))';
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+-- test ORDER BY distance
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> point '123,456') n, p <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <@ polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  Index Scan using quad_poly_tbl_idx on quad_poly_tbl
+         Index Cond: (p <@ '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))'::polygon)
+         Order By: (p <-> '(123,456)'::point)
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_poly_tbl_ord_idx2 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> point '123,456') n, p <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <@ polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+SELECT *
+FROM quad_poly_tbl_ord_seq2 seq FULL JOIN quad_poly_tbl_ord_idx2 idx
+	ON seq.n = idx.n AND seq.id = idx.id AND
+		(seq.dist = idx.dist OR seq.dist IS NULL AND idx.dist IS NULL)
+WHERE seq.id IS NULL OR idx.id IS NULL;
+ n | dist | id | n | dist | id 
+---+------+----+---+------+----
+(0 rows)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/polymorphism.out b/src/test/regress/expected/polymorphism.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cd558d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/polymorphism.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2098 @@
+--
+-- Tests for polymorphic SQL functions and aggregates based on them.
+-- Tests for other features related to function-calling have snuck in, too.
+--
+create function polyf(x anyelement) returns anyelement as $$
+  select x + 1
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(42) as int, polyf(4.5) as num;
+ int | num 
+-----+-----
+  43 | 5.5
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(point(3,4));  -- fail for lack of + operator
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: point + integer
+LINE 2:   select x + 1
+                   ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+QUERY:  
+  select x + 1
+
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "polyf" during inlining
+drop function polyf(x anyelement);
+create function polyf(x anyelement) returns anyarray as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(42) as int, polyf(4.5) as num;
+   int   |    num    
+---------+-----------
+ {43,44} | {5.5,6.5}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function polyf(x anyelement);
+create function polyf(x anyarray) returns anyelement as $$
+  select x[1]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(array[2,4]) as int, polyf(array[4.5, 7.7]) as num;
+ int | num 
+-----+-----
+   2 | 4.5
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(stavalues1) from pg_statistic;  -- fail, can't infer element type
+ERROR:  cannot determine element type of "anyarray" argument
+drop function polyf(x anyarray);
+create function polyf(x anyarray) returns anyarray as $$
+  select x
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(array[2,4]) as int, polyf(array[4.5, 7.7]) as num;
+  int  |    num    
+-------+-----------
+ {2,4} | {4.5,7.7}
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(stavalues1) from pg_statistic;  -- fail, can't infer element type
+ERROR:  return type anyarray is not supported for SQL functions
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "polyf" during inlining
+drop function polyf(x anyarray);
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function polyf(x anyelement) returns anyrange as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyrange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
+create function polyf(x anyrange) returns anyarray as $$
+  select array[lower(x), upper(x)]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49)) as int, polyf(float8range(4.5, 7.8)) as num;
+   int   |    num    
+---------+-----------
+ {42,49} | {4.5,7.8}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function polyf(x anyrange);
+create function polyf(x anycompatible, y anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[x, y]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(2, 4) as int, polyf(2, 4.5) as num;
+  int  |   num   
+-------+---------
+ {2,4} | {2,4.5}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function polyf(x anycompatible, y anycompatible);
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[lower(x), upper(x), y, z]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49), 11, 2::smallint) as int, polyf(float8range(4.5, 7.8), 7.8, 11::real) as num;
+     int      |       num        
+--------------+------------------
+ {42,49,11,2} | {4.5,7.8,7.8,11}
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49), 11, 4.5) as fail;  -- range type doesn't fit
+ERROR:  function polyf(int4range, integer, numeric) does not exist
+LINE 1: select polyf(int4range(42, 49), 11, 4.5) as fail;
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible);
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[lower(x), upper(x), y, z]
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(multirange(int4range(42, 49)), 11, 2::smallint) as int, polyf(multirange(float8range(4.5, 7.8)), 7.8, 11::real) as num;
+     int      |       num        
+--------------+------------------
+ {42,49,11,2} | {4.5,7.8,7.8,11}
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(multirange(int4range(42, 49)), 11, 4.5) as fail;  -- range type doesn't fit
+ERROR:  function polyf(int4multirange, integer, numeric) does not exist
+LINE 1: select polyf(multirange(int4range(42, 49)), 11, 4.5) as fail...
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible);
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function polyf(x anycompatible) returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatiblerange requires at least one input of type anycompatiblerange or anycompatiblemultirange.
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatiblearray) returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select x
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49), array[11]) as int, polyf(float8range(4.5, 7.8), array[7]) as num;
+   int   |    num    
+---------+-----------
+ [42,49) | [4.5,7.8)
+(1 row)
+
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatiblearray);
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function polyf(x anycompatible) returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatiblemultirange requires at least one input of type anycompatiblerange or anycompatiblemultirange.
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatiblearray) returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select x
+$$ language sql;
+select polyf(multirange(int4range(42, 49)), array[11]) as int, polyf(multirange(float8range(4.5, 7.8)), array[7]) as num;
+    int    |     num     
+-----------+-------------
+ {[42,49)} | {[4.5,7.8)}
+(1 row)
+
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatiblearray);
+create function polyf(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                      c anycompatible, d anycompatible,
+                      OUT x anyarray, OUT y anycompatiblearray)
+as $$
+  select a || b, array[c, d]
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, array[1, 2], 42, 34.5);
+    x     | pg_typeof |     y     | pg_typeof 
+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+ {11,1,2} | integer[] | {42,34.5} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, array[1, 2], point(1,2), point(3,4));
+    x     | pg_typeof |         y         | pg_typeof 
+----------+-----------+-------------------+-----------
+ {11,1,2} | integer[] | {"(1,2)","(3,4)"} | point[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, '{1,2}', point(1,2), '(3,4)');
+    x     | pg_typeof |         y         | pg_typeof 
+----------+-----------+-------------------+-----------
+ {11,1,2} | integer[] | {"(1,2)","(3,4)"} | point[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, 34.5);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function polyf(integer, numeric[], integer, numeric) does not exist
+LINE 2:   from polyf(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, 34.5);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function polyf(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                    c anycompatible, d anycompatible);
+create function polyf(anyrange) returns anymultirange
+as 'select multirange($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4range(1,10));
+  polyf   
+----------
+ {[1,10)}
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anyrange);
+create function polyf(anymultirange) returns anyelement
+as 'select lower($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+ polyf 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anymultirange);
+create function polyf(anycompatiblerange) returns anycompatiblemultirange
+as 'select multirange($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4range(1,10));
+  polyf   
+----------
+ {[1,10)}
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type anycompatiblerange because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anycompatiblerange);
+create function polyf(anymultirange) returns anyrange
+as 'select range_merge($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+ polyf  
+--------
+ [1,30)
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anymultirange);
+create function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange) returns anycompatiblerange
+as 'select range_merge($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+ polyf  
+--------
+ [1,30)
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type anycompatiblerange because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange);
+create function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange) returns anycompatible
+as 'select lower($1);' language sql;
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+ polyf 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select polyf(null);
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type anycompatiblemultirange because input has type unknown
+drop function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange);
+--
+-- Polymorphic aggregate tests
+--
+-- Legend:
+-----------
+-- A = type is ANY
+-- P = type is polymorphic
+-- N = type is non-polymorphic
+-- B = aggregate base type
+-- S = aggregate state type
+-- R = aggregate return type
+-- 1 = arg1 of a function
+-- 2 = arg2 of a function
+-- ag = aggregate
+-- tf = trans (state) function
+-- ff = final function
+-- rt = return type of a function
+-- -> = implies
+-- => = allowed
+-- !> = not allowed
+-- E  = exists
+-- NE = not-exists
+--
+-- Possible states:
+-- ----------------
+-- B = (A || P || N)
+--   when (B = A) -> (tf2 = NE)
+-- S = (P || N)
+-- ff = (E || NE)
+-- tf1 = (P || N)
+-- tf2 = (NE || P || N)
+-- R = (P || N)
+-- create functions for use as tf and ff with the needed combinations of
+-- argument polymorphism, but within the constraints of valid aggregate
+-- functions, i.e. tf arg1 and tf return type must match
+-- polymorphic single arg transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION stfp(anyarray) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- non-polymorphic single arg transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION stfnp(int[]) RETURNS int[] AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- dual polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tfp(anyarray,anyelement) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1 || $2' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- dual non-polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tfnp(int[],int) RETURNS int[] AS
+'select $1 || $2' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- arg1 only polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tf1p(anyarray,int) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- arg2 only polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tf2p(int[],anyelement) RETURNS int[] AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- multi-arg polymorphic
+CREATE FUNCTION sum3(anyelement,anyelement,anyelement) returns anyelement AS
+'select $1+$2+$3' language sql strict;
+-- finalfn polymorphic
+CREATE FUNCTION ffp(anyarray) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- finalfn non-polymorphic
+CREATE FUNCTION ffnp(int[]) returns int[] as
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- Try to cover all the possible states:
+--
+-- Note: in Cases 1 & 2, we are trying to return P. Therefore, if the transfn
+-- is stfnp, tfnp, or tf2p, we must use ffp as finalfn, because stfnp, tfnp,
+-- and tf2p do not return P. Conversely, in Cases 3 & 4, we are trying to
+-- return N. Therefore, if the transfn is stfp, tfp, or tf1p, we must use ffnp
+-- as finalfn, because stfp, tfp, and tf1p do not return N.
+--
+--     Case1 (R = P) && (B = A)
+--     ------------------------
+--     S    tf1
+--     -------
+--     N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp01a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--     P    N
+-- should ERROR: stfnp(anyarray) not matched by stfnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp02a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--     N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp03a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp03b(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = int4[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--     P    P
+-- should ERROR: we have no way to resolve S
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp04a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp04b(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    Case2 (R = P) && ((B = P) || (B = N))
+--    -------------------------------------
+--    S    tf1      B    tf2
+--    -----------------------
+--    N    N        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp05a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    N        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp06a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(int[], anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[], int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp07a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    N    N        P    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp08a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp09a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp09b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp10a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp10b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(int[],anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray,int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp11a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp11b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    N    P        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(int[],anyelement) not matched by tfp(anyarray,anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp12a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp12b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    N        N    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp13a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    N        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, int) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp14a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp15a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    N        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp16a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    P        N    N
+-- should ERROR: we have no way to resolve S
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp17a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp17b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    P        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfp(anyarray, anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp18a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp18b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray, int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp19a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp19b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    P        P    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp20a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp20b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+--     Case3 (R = N) && (B = A)
+--     ------------------------
+--     S    tf1
+--     -------
+--     N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn01a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn01b(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = int4[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--     P    N
+-- should ERROR: stfnp(anyarray) not matched by stfnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn02a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn02b(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--     N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn03a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--     P    P
+-- should ERROR: ffnp(anyarray) not matched by ffnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn04a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    Case4 (R = N) && ((B = P) || (B = N))
+--    -------------------------------------
+--    S    tf1      B    tf2
+--    -----------------------
+--    N    N        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn05a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn05b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    N        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn06a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn06b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(int[], anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[], int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn07a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn07b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    N    N        P    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn08a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn08b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn09a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn10a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+--    N    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(int[],anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray,int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn11a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    N    P        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(int[],anyelement) not matched by tfp(anyarray,anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn12a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfp(integer[], anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    N        N    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn13a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn13b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    N        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, int) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn14a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn14b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn15a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn15b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    N        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn16a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn16b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    P        N    N
+-- should ERROR: ffnp(anyarray) not matched by ffnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn17a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    P        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfp(anyarray, anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn18a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  cannot determine transition data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyarray requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+--    P    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray, int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn19a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) does not exist
+--    P    P        P    P
+-- should ERROR: ffnp(anyarray) not matched by ffnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn20a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+ERROR:  function ffnp(anyarray) does not exist
+-- multi-arg polymorphic
+CREATE AGGREGATE mysum2(anyelement,anyelement) (SFUNC = sum3,
+  STYPE = anyelement, INITCOND = '0');
+-- create test data for polymorphic aggregates
+create temp table t(f1 int, f2 int[], f3 text);
+insert into t values(1,array[1],'a');
+insert into t values(1,array[11],'b');
+insert into t values(1,array[111],'c');
+insert into t values(2,array[2],'a');
+insert into t values(2,array[22],'b');
+insert into t values(2,array[222],'c');
+insert into t values(3,array[3],'a');
+insert into t values(3,array[3],'b');
+-- test the successfully created polymorphic aggregates
+select f3, myaggp01a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp01a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp03a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp03a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp03b(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp03b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp05a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp05a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp06a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp06a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp08a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp08a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp09a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp09a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp09b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp09b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp10a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp10a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp10b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp10b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp20a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp20a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggp20b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggp20b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn01a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn01a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn01b(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn01b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn03a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn03a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn05a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn05a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn05b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn05b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn06a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn06a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn06b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn06b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn08a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn08a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn08b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn08b 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn09a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn09a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {}
+ b  | {}
+ c  | {}
+(3 rows)
+
+select f3, myaggn10a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+ f3 | myaggn10a 
+----+-----------
+ a  | {1,2,3}
+ b  | {1,2,3}
+ c  | {1,2}
+(3 rows)
+
+select mysum2(f1, f1 + 1) from t;
+ mysum2 
+--------
+     38
+(1 row)
+
+-- test inlining of polymorphic SQL functions
+create function bleat(int) returns int as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'bleat %', $1;
+  return $1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+create function sql_if(bool, anyelement, anyelement) returns anyelement as $$
+select case when $1 then $2 else $3 end $$ language sql;
+-- Note this would fail with integer overflow, never mind wrong bleat() output,
+-- if the CASE expression were not successfully inlined
+select f1, sql_if(f1 > 0, bleat(f1), bleat(f1 + 1)) from int4_tbl;
+NOTICE:  bleat 1
+NOTICE:  bleat 123456
+NOTICE:  bleat -123455
+NOTICE:  bleat 2147483647
+NOTICE:  bleat -2147483646
+     f1      |   sql_if    
+-------------+-------------
+           0 |           1
+      123456 |      123456
+     -123456 |     -123455
+  2147483647 |  2147483647
+ -2147483647 | -2147483646
+(5 rows)
+
+select q2, sql_if(q2 > 0, q2, q2 + 1) from int8_tbl;
+        q2         |      sql_if       
+-------------------+-------------------
+               456 |               456
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+               123 |               123
+  4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789 | -4567890123456788
+(5 rows)
+
+-- another sort of polymorphic aggregate
+CREATE AGGREGATE array_larger_accum (anyarray)
+(
+    sfunc = array_larger,
+    stype = anyarray,
+    initcond = '{}'
+);
+SELECT array_larger_accum(i)
+FROM (VALUES (ARRAY[1,2]), (ARRAY[3,4])) as t(i);
+ array_larger_accum 
+--------------------
+ {3,4}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_larger_accum(i)
+FROM (VALUES (ARRAY[row(1,2),row(3,4)]), (ARRAY[row(5,6),row(7,8)])) as t(i);
+ array_larger_accum 
+--------------------
+ {"(5,6)","(7,8)"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- another kind of polymorphic aggregate
+create function add_group(grp anyarray, ad anyelement, size integer)
+  returns anyarray
+  as $$
+begin
+  if grp is null then
+    return array[ad];
+  end if;
+  if array_upper(grp, 1) < size then
+    return grp || ad;
+  end if;
+  return grp;
+end;
+$$
+  language plpgsql immutable;
+create aggregate build_group(anyelement, integer) (
+  SFUNC = add_group,
+  STYPE = anyarray
+);
+select build_group(q1,3) from int8_tbl;
+        build_group         
+----------------------------
+ {123,123,4567890123456789}
+(1 row)
+
+-- this should fail because stype isn't compatible with arg
+create aggregate build_group(int8, integer) (
+  SFUNC = add_group,
+  STYPE = int2[]
+);
+ERROR:  function add_group(smallint[], bigint, integer) does not exist
+-- but we can make a non-poly agg from a poly sfunc if types are OK
+create aggregate build_group(int8, integer) (
+  SFUNC = add_group,
+  STYPE = int8[]
+);
+-- check proper resolution of data types for polymorphic transfn/finalfn
+create function first_el_transfn(anyarray, anyelement) returns anyarray as
+'select $1 || $2' language sql immutable;
+create function first_el(anyarray) returns anyelement as
+'select $1[1]' language sql strict immutable;
+create aggregate first_el_agg_f8(float8) (
+  SFUNC = array_append,
+  STYPE = float8[],
+  FINALFUNC = first_el
+);
+create aggregate first_el_agg_any(anyelement) (
+  SFUNC = first_el_transfn,
+  STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = first_el
+);
+select first_el_agg_f8(x::float8) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+ first_el_agg_f8 
+-----------------
+               1
+(1 row)
+
+select first_el_agg_any(x) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+ first_el_agg_any 
+------------------
+                1
+(1 row)
+
+select first_el_agg_f8(x::float8) over(order by x) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+ first_el_agg_f8 
+-----------------
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+               1
+(10 rows)
+
+select first_el_agg_any(x) over(order by x) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+ first_el_agg_any 
+------------------
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+                1
+(10 rows)
+
+-- check that we can apply functions taking ANYARRAY to pg_stats
+select distinct array_ndims(histogram_bounds) from pg_stats
+where histogram_bounds is not null;
+ array_ndims 
+-------------
+           1
+(1 row)
+
+-- such functions must protect themselves if varying element type isn't OK
+-- (WHERE clause here is to avoid possibly getting a collation error instead)
+select max(histogram_bounds) from pg_stats where tablename = 'pg_am';
+ERROR:  cannot compare arrays of different element types
+-- another corner case is the input functions for polymorphic pseudotypes
+select array_in('{1,2,3}','int4'::regtype,-1);  -- this has historically worked
+ array_in 
+----------
+ {1,2,3}
+(1 row)
+
+select * from array_in('{1,2,3}','int4'::regtype,-1);  -- this not
+ERROR:  function "array_in" in FROM has unsupported return type anyarray
+LINE 1: select * from array_in('{1,2,3}','int4'::regtype,-1);
+                      ^
+select anyrange_in('[10,20)','int4range'::regtype,-1);
+ERROR:  cannot accept a value of type anyrange
+-- test variadic polymorphic functions
+create function myleast(variadic anyarray) returns anyelement as $$
+  select min($1[i]) from generate_subscripts($1,1) g(i)
+$$ language sql immutable strict;
+select myleast(10, 1, 20, 33);
+ myleast 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+select myleast(1.1, 0.22, 0.55);
+ myleast 
+---------
+    0.22
+(1 row)
+
+select myleast('z'::text);
+ myleast 
+---------
+ z
+(1 row)
+
+select myleast(); -- fail
+ERROR:  function myleast() does not exist
+LINE 1: select myleast();
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+-- test with variadic call parameter
+select myleast(variadic array[1,2,3,4,-1]);
+ myleast 
+---------
+      -1
+(1 row)
+
+select myleast(variadic array[1.1, -5.5]);
+ myleast 
+---------
+    -5.5
+(1 row)
+
+--test with empty variadic call parameter
+select myleast(variadic array[]::int[]);
+ myleast 
+---------
+        
+(1 row)
+
+-- an example with some ordinary arguments too
+create function concat(text, variadic anyarray) returns text as $$
+  select array_to_string($2, $1);
+$$ language sql immutable strict;
+select concat('%', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+  concat   
+-----------
+ 1%2%3%4%5
+(1 row)
+
+select concat('|', 'a'::text, 'b', 'c');
+ concat 
+--------
+ a|b|c
+(1 row)
+
+select concat('|', variadic array[1,2,33]);
+ concat 
+--------
+ 1|2|33
+(1 row)
+
+select concat('|', variadic array[]::int[]);
+ concat 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+drop function concat(text, anyarray);
+-- mix variadic with anyelement
+create function formarray(anyelement, variadic anyarray) returns anyarray as $$
+  select array_prepend($1, $2);
+$$ language sql immutable strict;
+select formarray(1,2,3,4,5);
+  formarray  
+-------------
+ {1,2,3,4,5}
+(1 row)
+
+select formarray(1.1, variadic array[1.2,55.5]);
+   formarray    
+----------------
+ {1.1,1.2,55.5}
+(1 row)
+
+select formarray(1.1, array[1.2,55.5]); -- fail without variadic
+ERROR:  function formarray(numeric, numeric[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select formarray(1.1, array[1.2,55.5]);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select formarray(1, 'x'::text); -- fail, type mismatch
+ERROR:  function formarray(integer, text) does not exist
+LINE 1: select formarray(1, 'x'::text);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select formarray(1, variadic array['x'::text]); -- fail, type mismatch
+ERROR:  function formarray(integer, text[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select formarray(1, variadic array['x'::text]);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function formarray(anyelement, variadic anyarray);
+-- test pg_typeof() function
+select pg_typeof(null);           -- unknown
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ unknown
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(0);              -- integer
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ integer
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(0.0);            -- numeric
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ numeric
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(1+1 = 2);        -- boolean
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ boolean
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof('x');            -- unknown
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ unknown
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof('' || '');       -- text
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ text
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(pg_typeof(0));   -- regtype
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ regtype
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(array[1.2,55.5]); -- numeric[]
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_typeof(myleast(10, 1, 20, 33));  -- polymorphic input
+ pg_typeof 
+-----------
+ integer
+(1 row)
+
+-- test functions with default parameters
+-- test basic functionality
+create function dfunc(a int = 1, int = 2) returns int as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc();
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+    12
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10, 20);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+    30
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10, 20, 30);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer, integer, integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select dfunc(10, 20, 30);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function dfunc();  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc() does not exist
+drop function dfunc(int);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer) does not exist
+drop function dfunc(int, int);  -- ok
+-- fail: defaults must be at end of argument list
+create function dfunc(a int = 1, b int) returns int as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  input parameters after one with a default value must also have defaults
+-- however, this should work:
+create function dfunc(a int = 1, out sum int, b int = 2) as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc();
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- verify it lists properly
+\df dfunc
+                                          List of functions
+ Schema | Name  | Result data type |                    Argument data types                    | Type 
+--------+-------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+------
+ public | dfunc | integer          | a integer DEFAULT 1, OUT sum integer, b integer DEFAULT 2 | func
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+-- check implicit coercion
+create function dfunc(a int DEFAULT 1.0, int DEFAULT '-1') returns int as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc();
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+create function dfunc(a text DEFAULT 'Hello', b text DEFAULT 'World') returns text as $$
+  select $1 || ', ' || $2;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc();  -- fail: which dfunc should be called? int or text
+ERROR:  function dfunc() is not unique
+LINE 1: select dfunc();
+               ^
+HINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select dfunc('Hi');  -- ok
+   dfunc   
+-----------
+ Hi, World
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('Hi', 'City');  -- ok
+  dfunc   
+----------
+ Hi, City
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(0);  -- ok
+ dfunc 
+-------
+    -1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10, 20);  -- ok
+ dfunc 
+-------
+    30
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+drop function dfunc(text, text);
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2) returns int as $$
+  select 2;
+$$ language sql;
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2, int = 3, int = 4) returns int as $$
+  select 4;
+$$ language sql;
+-- Now, dfunc(nargs = 2) and dfunc(nargs = 4) are ambiguous when called
+-- with 0 to 2 arguments.
+select dfunc();  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc() is not unique
+LINE 1: select dfunc();
+               ^
+HINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select dfunc(1);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer) is not unique
+LINE 1: select dfunc(1);
+               ^
+HINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select dfunc(1, 2);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer, integer) is not unique
+LINE 1: select dfunc(1, 2);
+               ^
+HINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select dfunc(1, 2, 3);  -- ok
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(1, 2, 3, 4);  -- ok
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+drop function dfunc(int, int, int, int);
+-- default values are not allowed for output parameters
+create function dfunc(out int = 20) returns int as $$
+  select 1;
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  only input parameters can have default values
+-- polymorphic parameter test
+create function dfunc(anyelement = 'World'::text) returns text as $$
+  select 'Hello, ' || $1::text;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc();
+    dfunc     
+--------------
+ Hello, World
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(0);
+  dfunc   
+----------
+ Hello, 0
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(to_date('20081215','YYYYMMDD'));
+       dfunc       
+-------------------
+ Hello, 12-15-2008
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('City'::text);
+    dfunc    
+-------------
+ Hello, City
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(anyelement);
+-- check defaults for variadics
+create function dfunc(a variadic int[]) returns int as
+$$ select array_upper($1, 1) $$ language sql;
+select dfunc();  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc() does not exist
+LINE 1: select dfunc();
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select dfunc(10);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10,20);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function dfunc(a variadic int[] default array[]::int[]) returns int as
+$$ select array_upper($1, 1) $$ language sql;
+select dfunc();  -- now ok
+ dfunc 
+-------
+      
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(10,20);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- can't remove the default once it exists
+create or replace function dfunc(a variadic int[]) returns int as
+$$ select array_upper($1, 1) $$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot remove parameter defaults from existing function
+HINT:  Use DROP FUNCTION dfunc(integer[]) first.
+\df dfunc
+                                     List of functions
+ Schema | Name  | Result data type |               Argument data types               | Type 
+--------+-------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+------
+ public | dfunc | integer          | VARIADIC a integer[] DEFAULT ARRAY[]::integer[] | func
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(a variadic int[]);
+-- Ambiguity should be reported only if there's not a better match available
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2, int = 3) returns int as $$
+  select 3;
+$$ language sql;
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2) returns int as $$
+  select 2;
+$$ language sql;
+create function dfunc(text) returns text as $$
+  select $1;
+$$ language sql;
+-- dfunc(narg=2) and dfunc(narg=3) are ambiguous
+select dfunc(1);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer) is not unique
+LINE 1: select dfunc(1);
+               ^
+HINT:  Could not choose a best candidate function. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+-- but this works since the ambiguous functions aren't preferred anyway
+select dfunc('Hi');
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ Hi
+(1 row)
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int, int);
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+drop function dfunc(text);
+--
+-- Tests for named- and mixed-notation function calling
+--
+create function dfunc(a int, b int, c int = 0, d int = 0)
+  returns table (a int, b int, c int, d int) as $$
+  select $1, $2, $3, $4;
+$$ language sql;
+select (dfunc(10,20,30)).*;
+ a  | b  | c  | d 
+----+----+----+---
+ 10 | 20 | 30 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select (dfunc(a := 10, b := 20, c := 30)).*;
+ a  | b  | c  | d 
+----+----+----+---
+ 10 | 20 | 30 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(a := 10, b := 20);
+ a  | b  | c | d 
+----+----+---+---
+ 10 | 20 | 0 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(b := 10, a := 20);
+ a  | b  | c | d 
+----+----+---+---
+ 20 | 10 | 0 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(0);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(0);
+                      ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select * from dfunc(1,2);
+ a | b | c | d 
+---+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 0 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(1,2,c := 3);
+ a | b | c | d 
+---+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 3 | 0
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(1,2,d := 3);
+ a | b | c | d 
+---+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 0 | 3
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(x := 20, b := 10, x := 30);  -- fail, duplicate name
+ERROR:  argument name "x" used more than once
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(x := 20, b := 10, x := 30);
+                                              ^
+select * from dfunc(10, b := 20, 30);  -- fail, named args must be last
+ERROR:  positional argument cannot follow named argument
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(10, b := 20, 30);
+                                         ^
+select * from dfunc(x := 10, b := 20, c := 30);  -- fail, unknown param
+ERROR:  function dfunc(x => integer, b => integer, c => integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(x := 10, b := 20, c := 30);
+                      ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select * from dfunc(10, 10, a := 20);  -- fail, a overlaps positional parameter
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer, integer, a => integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(10, 10, a := 20);
+                      ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select * from dfunc(1,c := 2,d := 3); -- fail, no value for b
+ERROR:  function dfunc(integer, c => integer, d => integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc(1,c := 2,d := 3);
+                      ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function dfunc(int, int, int, int);
+-- test with different parameter types
+create function dfunc(a varchar, b numeric, c date = current_date)
+  returns table (a varchar, b numeric, c date) as $$
+  select $1, $2, $3;
+$$ language sql;
+select (dfunc('Hello World', 20, '2009-07-25'::date)).*;
+      a      | b  |     c      
+-------------+----+------------
+ Hello World | 20 | 07-25-2009
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', 20, '2009-07-25'::date);
+      a      | b  |     c      
+-------------+----+------------
+ Hello World | 20 | 07-25-2009
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(c := '2009-07-25'::date, a := 'Hello World', b := 20);
+      a      | b  |     c      
+-------------+----+------------
+ Hello World | 20 | 07-25-2009
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', b := 20, c := '2009-07-25'::date);
+      a      | b  |     c      
+-------------+----+------------
+ Hello World | 20 | 07-25-2009
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', c := '2009-07-25'::date, b := 20);
+      a      | b  |     c      
+-------------+----+------------
+ Hello World | 20 | 07-25-2009
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', c := 20, b := '2009-07-25'::date);  -- fail
+ERROR:  function dfunc(unknown, c => integer, b => date) does not exist
+LINE 1: select * from dfunc('Hello World', c := 20, b := '2009-07-25...
+                      ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function dfunc(varchar, numeric, date);
+-- test out parameters with named params
+create function dfunc(a varchar = 'def a', out _a varchar, c numeric = NULL, out _c numeric)
+returns record as $$
+  select $1, $2;
+$$ language sql;
+select (dfunc()).*;
+  _a   | _c 
+-------+----
+ def a |   
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc();
+  _a   | _c 
+-------+----
+ def a |   
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello', 100);
+  _a   | _c  
+-------+-----
+ Hello | 100
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(a := 'Hello', c := 100);
+  _a   | _c  
+-------+-----
+ Hello | 100
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(c := 100, a := 'Hello');
+  _a   | _c  
+-------+-----
+ Hello | 100
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello');
+  _a   | _c 
+-------+----
+ Hello |   
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc('Hello', c := 100);
+  _a   | _c  
+-------+-----
+ Hello | 100
+(1 row)
+
+select * from dfunc(c := 100);
+  _a   | _c  
+-------+-----
+ def a | 100
+(1 row)
+
+-- fail, can no longer change an input parameter's name
+create or replace function dfunc(a varchar = 'def a', out _a varchar, x numeric = NULL, out _c numeric)
+returns record as $$
+  select $1, $2;
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot change name of input parameter "c"
+HINT:  Use DROP FUNCTION dfunc(character varying,numeric) first.
+create or replace function dfunc(a varchar = 'def a', out _a varchar, numeric = NULL, out _c numeric)
+returns record as $$
+  select $1, $2;
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot change name of input parameter "c"
+HINT:  Use DROP FUNCTION dfunc(character varying,numeric) first.
+drop function dfunc(varchar, numeric);
+--fail, named parameters are not unique
+create function testpolym(a int, a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  parameter name "a" used more than once
+create function testpolym(int, out a int, out a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  parameter name "a" used more than once
+create function testpolym(out a int, inout a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  parameter name "a" used more than once
+create function testpolym(a int, inout a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  parameter name "a" used more than once
+-- valid
+create function testpolym(a int, out a int) returns int as $$ select $1;$$ language sql;
+select testpolym(37);
+ testpolym 
+-----------
+        37
+(1 row)
+
+drop function testpolym(int);
+create function testpolym(a int) returns table(a int) as $$ select $1;$$ language sql;
+select * from testpolym(37);
+ a  
+----
+ 37
+(1 row)
+
+drop function testpolym(int);
+-- test polymorphic params and defaults
+create function dfunc(a anyelement, b anyelement = null, flag bool = true)
+returns anyelement as $$
+  select case when $3 then $1 else $2 end;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc(1,2);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b'); -- positional notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a := 1, b := 2);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, b := 'b');
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, b := 'b', flag := false); -- named notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(b := 'b'::text, a := 'a'); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, flag := true); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, flag := false); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(b := 'b'::text, a := 'a', flag := true); -- named notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', false); -- full positional notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag := false); -- mixed notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', true); -- full positional notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag := true); -- mixed notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+-- ansi/sql syntax
+select dfunc(a => 1, b => 2);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, b => 'b');
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, b => 'b', flag => false); -- named notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(b => 'b'::text, a => 'a'); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, flag => true); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, flag => false); -- named notation with default
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(b => 'b'::text, a => 'a', flag => true); -- named notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', false); -- full positional notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag => false); -- mixed notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ b
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', true); -- full positional notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag => true); -- mixed notation
+ dfunc 
+-------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+-- this tests lexer edge cases around =>
+select dfunc(a =>-1);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+    -1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a =>+1);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a =>/**/1);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+select dfunc(a =>--comment to be removed by psql
+  1);
+ dfunc 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- need DO to protect the -- from psql
+do $$
+  declare r integer;
+  begin
+    select dfunc(a=>-- comment
+      1) into r;
+    raise info 'r = %', r;
+  end;
+$$;
+INFO:  r = 1
+-- check reverse-listing of named-arg calls
+CREATE VIEW dfview AS
+   SELECT q1, q2,
+     dfunc(q1,q2, flag := q1>q2) as c3,
+     dfunc(q1, flag := q1<q2, b := q2) as c4
+     FROM int8_tbl;
+select * from dfview;
+        q1        |        q2         |        c3        |        c4         
+------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456 |              456 |               123
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+\d+ dfview
+                           View "public.dfview"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ q1     | bigint |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ q2     | bigint |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ c3     | bigint |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ c4     | bigint |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT int8_tbl.q1,
+    int8_tbl.q2,
+    dfunc(int8_tbl.q1, int8_tbl.q2, flag => int8_tbl.q1 > int8_tbl.q2) AS c3,
+    dfunc(int8_tbl.q1, flag => int8_tbl.q1 < int8_tbl.q2, b => int8_tbl.q2) AS c4
+   FROM int8_tbl;
+
+drop view dfview;
+drop function dfunc(anyelement, anyelement, bool);
+--
+-- Tests for ANYCOMPATIBLE polymorphism family
+--
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible)
+returns anycompatible as $$
+  select greatest($1, $2)
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+ x  | pg_typeof 
+----+-----------
+ 12 | integer
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.3) x;
+  x   | pg_typeof 
+------+-----------
+ 12.3 | numeric
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, point(1,2)) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, point) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, point(1,2)) x;
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest('11', '12.3') x;  -- defaults to text
+  x   | pg_typeof 
+------+-----------
+ 12.3 | text
+(1 row)
+
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible);
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[$1, $2]
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.3) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {11,12.3} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1,2]) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, integer[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1,2]) x;
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible);
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblearray)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[$1] || $2
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[12]) x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[12.3]) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {11,12.3} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(12.3, array[13]) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {12.3,13} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(12.3, '{13,14.4}') x;
+       x        | pg_typeof 
+----------------+-----------
+ {12.3,13,14.4} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[point(1,2)]) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, point[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[point(1,2)]) ...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblearray);
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblerange)
+returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select $2
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, int4range(4,7)) x;
+   x   | pg_typeof 
+-------+-----------
+ [4,7) | int4range
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, numrange(4,7)) x;
+   x   | pg_typeof 
+-------+-----------
+ [4,7) | numrange
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, int4range(4,7)) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(numeric, int4range) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, int4range(4,7)) x...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, '[4,7)') x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type anycompatiblerange because input has type unknown
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblerange);
+create function anyctest(anycompatiblerange, anycompatiblerange)
+returns anycompatible as $$
+  select lower($1) + upper($2)
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(int4range(11,12), int4range(4,7)) x;
+ x  | pg_typeof 
+----+-----------
+ 18 | integer
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(int4range(11,12), numrange(4,7)) x; -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(int4range, numrange) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(int4range(11,12), numra...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(anycompatiblerange, anycompatiblerange);
+-- fail, can't infer result type:
+create function anyctest(anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select $1
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatiblerange requires at least one input of type anycompatiblerange or anycompatiblemultirange.
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblemultirange)
+returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select $2
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, multirange(int4range(4,7))) x;
+    x    |   pg_typeof    
+---------+----------------
+ {[4,7)} | int4multirange
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, multirange(numrange(4,7))) x;
+    x    |   pg_typeof   
+---------+---------------
+ {[4,7)} | nummultirange
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, multirange(int4range(4,7))) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(numeric, int4multirange) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, multirange(int4ra...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, '{[4,7)}') x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type anycompatiblemultirange because input has type unknown
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblemultirange);
+create function anyctest(anycompatiblemultirange, anycompatiblemultirange)
+returns anycompatible as $$
+  select lower($1) + upper($2)
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(multirange(int4range(11,12)), multirange(int4range(4,7))) x;
+ x  | pg_typeof 
+----+-----------
+ 18 | integer
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(multirange(int4range(11,12)), multirange(numrange(4,7))) x; -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(int4multirange, nummultirange) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(multirange(int4range(11...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(anycompatiblemultirange, anycompatiblemultirange);
+-- fail, can't infer result type:
+create function anyctest(anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select $1
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatiblemultirange requires at least one input of type anycompatiblerange or anycompatiblemultirange.
+create function anyctest(anycompatiblenonarray, anycompatiblenonarray)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[$1, $2]
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.3) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {11,12.3} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(array[11], array[1,2]) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer[], integer[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(array[11], array[1,2]) ...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(anycompatiblenonarray, anycompatiblenonarray);
+create function anyctest(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                         c anycompatible, d anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[c, d]
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1, 2], 42, 34.5) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {42,34.5} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1, 2], point(1,2), point(3,4)) x;
+         x         | pg_typeof 
+-------------------+-----------
+ {"(1,2)","(3,4)"} | point[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, '{1,2}', point(1,2), '(3,4)') x;
+         x         | pg_typeof 
+-------------------+-----------
+ {"(1,2)","(3,4)"} | point[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, 34.5) x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  function anyctest(integer, numeric[], integer, numeric) does not exist
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, ...
+                                    ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyctest(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                       c anycompatible, d anycompatible);
+create function anyctest(variadic anycompatiblearray)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select $1
+$$ language sql;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.2) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {11,12.2} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, '12') x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, '12.2') x;  -- fail
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "12.2"
+LINE 1: select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, '12.2') x;
+                                                 ^
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(variadic array[11, 12]) x;
+    x    | pg_typeof 
+---------+-----------
+ {11,12} | integer[]
+(1 row)
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(variadic array[11, 12.2]) x;
+     x     | pg_typeof 
+-----------+-----------
+ {11,12.2} | numeric[]
+(1 row)
+
+drop function anyctest(variadic anycompatiblearray);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/portals.out b/src/test/regress/expected/portals.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f71e0b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/portals.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1563 @@
+--
+-- Cursor regression tests
+--
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE foo1 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+DECLARE foo2 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DECLARE foo3 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+DECLARE foo4 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DECLARE foo5 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+DECLARE foo6 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DECLARE foo7 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+DECLARE foo8 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DECLARE foo9 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+DECLARE foo10 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DECLARE foo11 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+DECLARE foo12 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DECLARE foo13 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+DECLARE foo14 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DECLARE foo15 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+DECLARE foo16 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DECLARE foo17 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+DECLARE foo18 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DECLARE foo19 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+DECLARE foo20 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DECLARE foo21 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+DECLARE foo22 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DECLARE foo23 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+FETCH 1 in foo1;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH 2 in foo2;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(2 rows)
+
+FETCH 3 in foo3;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+(3 rows)
+
+FETCH 4 in foo4;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(4 rows)
+
+FETCH 5 in foo5;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(5 rows)
+
+FETCH 6 in foo6;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(6 rows)
+
+FETCH 7 in foo7;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+(7 rows)
+
+FETCH 8 in foo8;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(8 rows)
+
+FETCH 9 in foo9;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(9 rows)
+
+FETCH 10 in foo10;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(10 rows)
+
+FETCH 11 in foo11;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+(11 rows)
+
+FETCH 12 in foo12;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(12 rows)
+
+FETCH 13 in foo13;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(13 rows)
+
+FETCH 14 in foo14;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(14 rows)
+
+FETCH 15 in foo15;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+(15 rows)
+
+FETCH 16 in foo16;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(16 rows)
+
+FETCH 17 in foo17;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5387 |      16 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |      87 |      387 |        1387 |       387 |     5387 | 174 |  175 | FZAAAA   | QAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(17 rows)
+
+FETCH 18 in foo18;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5387 |      16 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |      87 |      387 |        1387 |       387 |     5387 | 174 |  175 | FZAAAA   | QAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    5785 |      17 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |      85 |      785 |        1785 |       785 |     5785 | 170 |  171 | NOAAAA   | RAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(18 rows)
+
+FETCH 19 in foo19;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5387 |      16 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |      87 |      387 |        1387 |       387 |     5387 | 174 |  175 | FZAAAA   | QAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    5785 |      17 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |      85 |      785 |        1785 |       785 |     5785 | 170 |  171 | NOAAAA   | RAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    6621 |      18 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      621 |         621 |      1621 |     6621 |  42 |   43 | RUAAAA   | SAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+(19 rows)
+
+FETCH 20 in foo20;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5387 |      16 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |      87 |      387 |        1387 |       387 |     5387 | 174 |  175 | FZAAAA   | QAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    5785 |      17 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |      85 |      785 |        1785 |       785 |     5785 | 170 |  171 | NOAAAA   | RAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    6621 |      18 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      621 |         621 |      1621 |     6621 |  42 |   43 | RUAAAA   | SAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6969 |      19 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |      69 |      969 |         969 |      1969 |     6969 | 138 |  139 | BIAAAA   | TAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(20 rows)
+
+FETCH 21 in foo21;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5387 |      16 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |      87 |      387 |        1387 |       387 |     5387 | 174 |  175 | FZAAAA   | QAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    5785 |      17 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |      85 |      785 |        1785 |       785 |     5785 | 170 |  171 | NOAAAA   | RAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    6621 |      18 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      621 |         621 |      1621 |     6621 |  42 |   43 | RUAAAA   | SAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6969 |      19 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |      69 |      969 |         969 |      1969 |     6969 | 138 |  139 | BIAAAA   | TAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    9460 |      20 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      60 |      460 |        1460 |      4460 |     9460 | 120 |  121 | WZAAAA   | UAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(21 rows)
+
+FETCH 22 in foo22;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5387 |      16 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |      87 |      387 |        1387 |       387 |     5387 | 174 |  175 | FZAAAA   | QAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    5785 |      17 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |      85 |      785 |        1785 |       785 |     5785 | 170 |  171 | NOAAAA   | RAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    6621 |      18 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      621 |         621 |      1621 |     6621 |  42 |   43 | RUAAAA   | SAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6969 |      19 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |      69 |      969 |         969 |      1969 |     6969 | 138 |  139 | BIAAAA   | TAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    9460 |      20 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      60 |      460 |        1460 |      4460 |     9460 | 120 |  121 | WZAAAA   | UAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+      59 |      21 |   1 |    3 |   9 |     19 |      59 |       59 |          59 |        59 |       59 | 118 |  119 | HCAAAA   | VAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(22 rows)
+
+FETCH 23 in foo23;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5387 |      16 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |      87 |      387 |        1387 |       387 |     5387 | 174 |  175 | FZAAAA   | QAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    5785 |      17 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |      85 |      785 |        1785 |       785 |     5785 | 170 |  171 | NOAAAA   | RAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    6621 |      18 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      621 |         621 |      1621 |     6621 |  42 |   43 | RUAAAA   | SAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6969 |      19 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |      69 |      969 |         969 |      1969 |     6969 | 138 |  139 | BIAAAA   | TAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    9460 |      20 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      60 |      460 |        1460 |      4460 |     9460 | 120 |  121 | WZAAAA   | UAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+      59 |      21 |   1 |    3 |   9 |     19 |      59 |       59 |          59 |        59 |       59 | 118 |  119 | HCAAAA   | VAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    8020 |      22 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |       20 |          20 |      3020 |     8020 |  40 |   41 | MWAAAA   | WAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+(23 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 1 in foo23;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      59 |      21 |   1 |    3 |   9 |     19 |      59 |       59 |          59 |        59 |       59 | 118 |  119 | HCAAAA   | VAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH backward 2 in foo22;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    9460 |      20 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      60 |      460 |        1460 |      4460 |     9460 | 120 |  121 | WZAAAA   | UAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6969 |      19 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |      69 |      969 |         969 |      1969 |     6969 | 138 |  139 | BIAAAA   | TAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(2 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 3 in foo21;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    6969 |      19 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |      69 |      969 |         969 |      1969 |     6969 | 138 |  139 | BIAAAA   | TAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    6621 |      18 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      621 |         621 |      1621 |     6621 |  42 |   43 | RUAAAA   | SAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    5785 |      17 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |      85 |      785 |        1785 |       785 |     5785 | 170 |  171 | NOAAAA   | RAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(3 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 4 in foo20;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    6621 |      18 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      621 |         621 |      1621 |     6621 |  42 |   43 | RUAAAA   | SAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    5785 |      17 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |      85 |      785 |        1785 |       785 |     5785 | 170 |  171 | NOAAAA   | RAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5387 |      16 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |      87 |      387 |        1387 |       387 |     5387 | 174 |  175 | FZAAAA   | QAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(4 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 5 in foo19;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    5785 |      17 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |      85 |      785 |        1785 |       785 |     5785 | 170 |  171 | NOAAAA   | RAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5387 |      16 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |      87 |      387 |        1387 |       387 |     5387 | 174 |  175 | FZAAAA   | QAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(5 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 6 in foo18;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    5387 |      16 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |      87 |      387 |        1387 |       387 |     5387 | 174 |  175 | FZAAAA   | QAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(6 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 7 in foo17;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    5006 |      15 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |        1006 |         6 |     5006 |  12 |   13 | OKAAAA   | PAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(7 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 8 in foo16;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    5471 |      14 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      71 |      471 |        1471 |       471 |     5471 | 142 |  143 | LCAAAA   | OAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(8 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 9 in foo15;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    6243 |      13 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |      243 |         243 |      1243 |     6243 |  86 |   87 | DGAAAA   | NAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(9 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 10 in foo14;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    5222 |      12 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |      22 |      222 |        1222 |       222 |     5222 |  44 |   45 | WSAAAA   | MAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(10 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 11 in foo13;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    1504 |      11 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |      504 |        1504 |      1504 |     1504 |   8 |    9 | WFAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(11 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 12 in foo12;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    1314 |      10 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |      14 |      314 |        1314 |      1314 |     1314 |  28 |   29 | OYAAAA   | KAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(11 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 13 in foo11;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    3043 |       9 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |      43 |       43 |        1043 |      3043 |     3043 |  86 |   87 | BNAAAA   | JAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(10 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 14 in foo10;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    4321 |       8 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      21 |      321 |         321 |      4321 |     4321 |  42 |   43 | FKAAAA   | IAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(9 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 15 in foo9;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    6701 |       7 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      701 |         701 |      1701 |     6701 |   2 |    3 | TXAAAA   | HAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(8 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 16 in foo8;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    5057 |       6 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |       57 |        1057 |        57 |     5057 | 114 |  115 | NMAAAA   | GAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(7 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 17 in foo7;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8009 |       5 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |      3009 |     8009 |  18 |   19 | BWAAAA   | FAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(6 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 18 in foo6;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    7164 |       4 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |      64 |      164 |        1164 |      2164 |     7164 | 128 |  129 | OPAAAA   | EAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(5 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 19 in foo5;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(4 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 20 in foo4;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(3 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 21 in foo3;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(2 rows)
+
+FETCH backward 22 in foo2;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH backward 23 in foo1;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+CLOSE foo1;
+CLOSE foo2;
+CLOSE foo3;
+CLOSE foo4;
+CLOSE foo5;
+CLOSE foo6;
+CLOSE foo7;
+CLOSE foo8;
+CLOSE foo9;
+CLOSE foo10;
+CLOSE foo11;
+CLOSE foo12;
+-- leave some cursors open, to test that auto-close works.
+-- record this in the system view as well (don't query the time field there
+-- however)
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+ name  |                               statement                               | is_holdable | is_binary | is_scrollable 
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+---------------
+ foo13 | DECLARE foo13 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2; | f           | f         | t
+ foo14 | DECLARE foo14 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;                  | f           | f         | t
+ foo15 | DECLARE foo15 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2; | f           | f         | t
+ foo16 | DECLARE foo16 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;                  | f           | f         | t
+ foo17 | DECLARE foo17 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2; | f           | f         | t
+ foo18 | DECLARE foo18 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;                  | f           | f         | t
+ foo19 | DECLARE foo19 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2; | f           | f         | t
+ foo20 | DECLARE foo20 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;                  | f           | f         | t
+ foo21 | DECLARE foo21 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2; | f           | f         | t
+ foo22 | DECLARE foo22 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;                  | f           | f         | t
+ foo23 | DECLARE foo23 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2; | f           | f         | t
+(11 rows)
+
+END;
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+ name | statement | is_holdable | is_binary | is_scrollable 
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------+---------------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- NO SCROLL disallows backward fetching
+--
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE foo24 NO SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+FETCH 1 FROM foo24;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD 1 FROM foo24; -- should fail
+ERROR:  cursor can only scan forward
+HINT:  Declare it with SCROLL option to enable backward scan.
+END;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE foo24 NO SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+FETCH 1 FROM foo24;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 2 FROM foo24; -- allowed
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM foo24; -- should fail
+ERROR:  cursor can only scan forward
+HINT:  Declare it with SCROLL option to enable backward scan.
+END;
+--
+-- Cursors outside transaction blocks
+--
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+ name | statement | is_holdable | is_binary | is_scrollable 
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------+---------------
+(0 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE foo25 SCROLL CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+FETCH FROM foo25;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH FROM foo25;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+FETCH FROM foo25;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM foo25;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE -1 FROM foo25;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    2968 |    9999 |   0 |    0 |   8 |      8 |      68 |      968 |         968 |      2968 |     2968 | 136 |  137 | EKAAAA   | PUOAAA   | VVVVxx
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+ name  |                           statement                            | is_holdable | is_binary | is_scrollable 
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+---------------
+ foo25 | DECLARE foo25 SCROLL CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2; | t           | f         | t
+(1 row)
+
+CLOSE foo25;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE foo25ns NO SCROLL CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+FETCH FROM foo25ns;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    8800 |       0 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      800 |         800 |      3800 |     8800 |   0 |    1 | MAAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH FROM foo25ns;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    1891 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |      91 |      891 |        1891 |      1891 |     1891 | 182 |  183 | TUAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+FETCH FROM foo25ns;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    3420 |       2 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |      20 |      420 |        1420 |      3420 |     3420 |  40 |   41 | OBAAAA   | CAAAAA   | OOOOxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 4 FROM foo25ns;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+    9850 |       3 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |      50 |      850 |        1850 |      4850 |     9850 | 100 |  101 | WOAAAA   | DAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 4 FROM foo25ns; -- fail
+ERROR:  cursor can only scan forward
+HINT:  Declare it with SCROLL option to enable backward scan.
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+  name   |                              statement                              | is_holdable | is_binary | is_scrollable 
+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+---------------
+ foo25ns | DECLARE foo25ns NO SCROLL CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2; | t           | f         | f
+(1 row)
+
+CLOSE foo25ns;
+--
+-- ROLLBACK should close holdable cursors
+--
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE foo26 CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- should fail
+FETCH FROM foo26;
+ERROR:  cursor "foo26" does not exist
+--
+-- Parameterized DECLARE needs to insert param values into the cursor portal
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION declares_cursor(text)
+   RETURNS void
+   AS 'DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT stringu1 FROM tenk1 WHERE stringu1 LIKE $1;'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT declares_cursor('AB%');
+ declares_cursor 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH ALL FROM c;
+ stringu1 
+----------
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+ ABAAAA
+(15 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+--
+-- Test behavior of both volatile and stable functions inside a cursor;
+-- in particular we want to see what happens during commit of a holdable
+-- cursor
+--
+create temp table tt1(f1 int);
+create function count_tt1_v() returns int8 as
+'select count(*) from tt1' language sql volatile;
+create function count_tt1_s() returns int8 as
+'select count(*) from tt1' language sql stable;
+begin;
+insert into tt1 values(1);
+declare c1 cursor for select count_tt1_v(), count_tt1_s();
+insert into tt1 values(2);
+fetch all from c1;
+ count_tt1_v | count_tt1_s 
+-------------+-------------
+           2 |           1
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+begin;
+insert into tt1 values(1);
+declare c2 cursor with hold for select count_tt1_v(), count_tt1_s();
+insert into tt1 values(2);
+commit;
+delete from tt1;
+fetch all from c2;
+ count_tt1_v | count_tt1_s 
+-------------+-------------
+           2 |           1
+(1 row)
+
+drop function count_tt1_v();
+drop function count_tt1_s();
+-- Create a cursor with the BINARY option and check the pg_cursors view
+BEGIN;
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+ name |                              statement                               | is_holdable | is_binary | is_scrollable 
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+---------------
+ c2   | declare c2 cursor with hold for select count_tt1_v(), count_tt1_s(); | t           | f         | f
+(1 row)
+
+DECLARE bc BINARY CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1;
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+ name |                              statement                               | is_holdable | is_binary | is_scrollable 
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+---------------
+ bc   | DECLARE bc BINARY CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1;                    | f           | t         | t
+ c2   | declare c2 cursor with hold for select count_tt1_v(), count_tt1_s(); | t           | f         | f
+(2 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- We should not see the portal that is created internally to
+-- implement EXECUTE in pg_cursors
+PREPARE cprep AS
+  SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+EXECUTE cprep;
+ name |                              statement                               | is_holdable | is_binary | is_scrollable 
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+---------------
+ c2   | declare c2 cursor with hold for select count_tt1_v(), count_tt1_s(); | t           | f         | f
+(1 row)
+
+-- test CLOSE ALL;
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+ name 
+------
+ c2
+(1 row)
+
+CLOSE ALL;
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE foo1 CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT 1;
+DECLARE foo2 CURSOR WITHOUT HOLD FOR SELECT 1;
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+ name 
+------
+ foo1
+ foo2
+(2 rows)
+
+CLOSE ALL;
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+ name 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+--
+-- Tests for updatable cursors
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE uctest(f1 int, f2 text);
+INSERT INTO uctest VALUES (1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three');
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  1 | one
+  2 | two
+  3 | three
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Check DELETE WHERE CURRENT
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest;
+FETCH 2 FROM c1;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | one
+  2 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+-- should show deletion
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  1 | one
+  3 | three
+(2 rows)
+
+-- cursor did not move
+FETCH ALL FROM c1;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+(1 row)
+
+-- cursor is insensitive
+MOVE BACKWARD ALL IN c1;
+FETCH ALL FROM c1;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  1 | one
+  2 | two
+  3 | three
+(3 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- should still see deletion
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  1 | one
+  3 | three
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE WHERE CURRENT; this time use FOR UPDATE
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest FOR UPDATE;
+FETCH c1;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | one
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = 8 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+  8 | one
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+  8 | one
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Check repeated-update and update-then-delete cases
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest;
+FETCH c1;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  8 | one
+ 13 | three
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  8 | one
+ 23 | three
+(2 rows)
+
+-- insensitive cursor should not show effects of updates or deletes
+FETCH RELATIVE 0 FROM c1;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  8 | one
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- no-op
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  8 | one
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- no-op
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  8 | one
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH RELATIVE 0 FROM c1;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+  8 | one
+(2 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest FOR UPDATE;
+FETCH c1;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  8 | one
+ 13 | three
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  8 | one
+ 23 | three
+(2 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  8 | one
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- no-op
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  8 | one
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- no-op
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  8 | one
+(1 row)
+
+--- FOR UPDATE cursors can't currently scroll back, so this is an error:
+FETCH RELATIVE 0 FROM c1;
+ERROR:  cursor can only scan forward
+HINT:  Declare it with SCROLL option to enable backward scan.
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+  8 | one
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Check insensitive cursor with INSERT
+-- (The above tests don't test the SQL notion of an insensitive cursor
+-- correctly, because per SQL standard, changes from WHERE CURRENT OF
+-- commands should be visible in the cursor.  So here we make the
+-- changes with a command that is independent of the cursor.)
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 INSENSITIVE CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest;
+INSERT INTO uctest VALUES (10, 'ten');
+FETCH NEXT FROM c1;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c1;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  8 | one
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c1;  -- insert not visible
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+  8 | one
+ 10 | ten
+(3 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE f1 = 10;  -- restore test table state
+-- Check inheritance cases
+CREATE TEMP TABLE ucchild () inherits (uctest);
+INSERT INTO ucchild values(100, 'hundred');
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1  |   f2    
+-----+---------
+   3 | three
+   8 | one
+ 100 | hundred
+(3 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest FOR UPDATE;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  3 | three
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  8 | one
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+ f1  |   f2    
+-----+---------
+ 100 | hundred
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1  |   f2    
+-----+---------
+  13 | three
+  18 | one
+ 110 | hundred
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Can update from a self-join, but only if FOR UPDATE says which to use
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest a, uctest b WHERE a.f1 = b.f1 + 5;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+ f1 | f2  | f1 |  f2   
+----+-----+----+-------
+ 18 | one | 13 | three
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;  -- fail
+ERROR:  cursor "c1" is not a simply updatable scan of table "uctest"
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest a, uctest b WHERE a.f1 = b.f1 + 5 FOR UPDATE;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+ f1 | f2  | f1 |  f2   
+----+-----+----+-------
+ 18 | one | 13 | three
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;  -- fail
+ERROR:  cursor "c1" has multiple FOR UPDATE/SHARE references to table "uctest"
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest a, uctest b WHERE a.f1 = b.f1 + 5 FOR SHARE OF a;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+ f1 | f2  | f1 |  f2   
+----+-----+----+-------
+ 18 | one | 13 | three
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ f1  |   f2    
+-----+---------
+  13 | three
+  28 | one
+ 110 | hundred
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Check various error cases
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1;  -- fail, no such cursor
+ERROR:  cursor "c1" does not exist
+DECLARE cx CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM uctest;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF cx;  -- fail, can't use held cursor
+ERROR:  cursor "cx" is held from a previous transaction
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c;  -- fail, cursor on wrong table
+ERROR:  cursor "c" is not a simply updatable scan of table "uctest"
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2 FOR SHARE;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c;  -- fail, cursor on wrong table
+ERROR:  cursor "c" does not have a FOR UPDATE/SHARE reference to table "uctest"
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 JOIN tenk2 USING (unique1);
+DELETE FROM tenk1 WHERE CURRENT OF c;  -- fail, cursor is on a join
+ERROR:  cursor "c" is not a simply updatable scan of table "tenk1"
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT f1,count(*) FROM uctest GROUP BY f1;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c;  -- fail, cursor is on aggregation
+ERROR:  cursor "c" is not a simply updatable scan of table "uctest"
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- fail, no current row
+ERROR:  cursor "c1" is not positioned on a row
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT MIN(f1) FROM uctest FOR UPDATE;
+ERROR:  FOR UPDATE is not allowed with aggregate functions
+ROLLBACK;
+-- WHERE CURRENT OF may someday work with views, but today is not that day.
+-- For now, just make sure it errors out cleanly.
+CREATE TEMP VIEW ucview AS SELECT * FROM uctest;
+CREATE RULE ucrule AS ON DELETE TO ucview DO INSTEAD
+  DELETE FROM uctest WHERE f1 = OLD.f1;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM ucview;
+FETCH FROM c1;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+ 13 | three
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM ucview WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- fail, views not supported
+ERROR:  WHERE CURRENT OF on a view is not implemented
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Check WHERE CURRENT OF with an index-only scan
+BEGIN;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT stringu1 FROM onek WHERE stringu1 = 'DZAAAA';
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using onek_stringu1 on onek
+   Index Cond: (stringu1 = 'DZAAAA'::name)
+(2 rows)
+
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT stringu1 FROM onek WHERE stringu1 = 'DZAAAA';
+FETCH FROM c1;
+ stringu1 
+----------
+ DZAAAA
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM onek WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT stringu1 FROM onek WHERE stringu1 = 'DZAAAA';
+ stringu1 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Check behavior with rewinding to a previous child scan node,
+-- as per bug #15395
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE current_check (currentid int, payload text);
+CREATE TABLE current_check_1 () INHERITS (current_check);
+CREATE TABLE current_check_2 () INHERITS (current_check);
+INSERT INTO current_check_1 SELECT i, 'p' || i FROM generate_series(1,9) i;
+INSERT INTO current_check_2 SELECT i, 'P' || i FROM generate_series(10,19) i;
+DECLARE c1 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM current_check;
+-- This tests the fetch-backwards code path
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 12 FROM c1;
+ currentid | payload 
+-----------+---------
+        12 | P12
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 8 FROM c1;
+ currentid | payload 
+-----------+---------
+         8 | p8
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF c1 RETURNING *;
+ currentid | payload 
+-----------+---------
+         8 | p8
+(1 row)
+
+-- This tests the ExecutorRewind code path
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 13 FROM c1;
+ currentid | payload 
+-----------+---------
+        13 | P13
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM c1;
+ currentid | payload 
+-----------+---------
+         1 | p1
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF c1 RETURNING *;
+ currentid | payload 
+-----------+---------
+         1 | p1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM current_check;
+ currentid | payload 
+-----------+---------
+         2 | p2
+         3 | p3
+         4 | p4
+         5 | p5
+         6 | p6
+         7 | p7
+         9 | p9
+        10 | P10
+        11 | P11
+        12 | P12
+        13 | P13
+        14 | P14
+        15 | P15
+        16 | P16
+        17 | P17
+        18 | P18
+        19 | P19
+(17 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Make sure snapshot management works okay, per bug report in
+-- 235395b90909301035v7228ce63q392931f15aa74b31@mail.gmail.com
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+CREATE TABLE cursor (a int);
+INSERT INTO cursor VALUES (1);
+DECLARE c1 NO SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM cursor FOR UPDATE;
+UPDATE cursor SET a = 2;
+FETCH ALL FROM c1;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE cursor;
+-- Check rewinding a cursor containing a stable function in LIMIT,
+-- per bug report in 8336843.9833.1399385291498.JavaMail.root@quick
+begin;
+create function nochange(int) returns int
+  as 'select $1 limit 1' language sql stable;
+declare c cursor for select * from int8_tbl limit nochange(3);
+fetch all from c;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+              123 |              456
+              123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |              123
+(3 rows)
+
+move backward all in c;
+fetch all from c;
+        q1        |        q2        
+------------------+------------------
+              123 |              456
+              123 | 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |              123
+(3 rows)
+
+rollback;
+-- Check handling of non-backwards-scan-capable plans with scroll cursors
+begin;
+explain (costs off) declare c1 cursor for select (select 42) as x;
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) declare c1 scroll cursor for select (select 42) as x;
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ Materialize
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result
+   ->  Result
+(4 rows)
+
+declare c1 scroll cursor for select (select 42) as x;
+fetch all in c1;
+ x  
+----
+ 42
+(1 row)
+
+fetch backward all in c1;
+ x  
+----
+ 42
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+begin;
+explain (costs off) declare c2 cursor for select generate_series(1,3) as g;
+  QUERY PLAN  
+--------------
+ ProjectSet
+   ->  Result
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) declare c2 scroll cursor for select generate_series(1,3) as g;
+     QUERY PLAN     
+--------------------
+ Materialize
+   ->  ProjectSet
+         ->  Result
+(3 rows)
+
+declare c2 scroll cursor for select generate_series(1,3) as g;
+fetch all in c2;
+ g 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(3 rows)
+
+fetch backward all in c2;
+ g 
+---
+ 3
+ 2
+ 1
+(3 rows)
+
+rollback;
+-- Check fetching of toasted datums via cursors.
+begin;
+-- Other compression algorithms may cause the compressed data to be stored
+-- inline.  Use pglz to ensure consistent results.
+set default_toast_compression = 'pglz';
+create table toasted_data (f1 int[]);
+insert into toasted_data
+  select array_agg(i) from generate_series(12345678, 12345678 + 1000) i;
+declare local_portal cursor for select * from toasted_data;
+fetch all in local_portal;
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         f1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {12345678,12345679,12345680,12345681,12345682,12345683,12345684,12345685,12345686,12345687,12345688,12345689,12345690,12345691,12345692,12345693,12345694,12345695,12345696,12345697,12345698,12345699,12345700,12345701,12345702,12345703,12345704,12345705,12345706,12345707,12345708,12345709,12345710,12345711,12345712,12345713,12345714,12345715,12345716,12345717,12345718,12345719,12345720,12345721,12345722,12345723,12345724,12345725,12345726,12345727,12345728,12345729,12345730,12345731,12345732,12345733,12345734,12345735,12345736,12345737,12345738,12345739,12345740,12345741,12345742,12345743,12345744,12345745,12345746,12345747,12345748,12345749,12345750,12345751,12345752,12345753,12345754,12345755,12345756,12345757,12345758,12345759,12345760,12345761,12345762,12345763,12345764,12345765,12345766,12345767,12345768,12345769,12345770,12345771,12345772,12345773,12345774,12345775,12345776,12345777,12345778,12345779,12345780,12345781,12345782,12345783,12345784,12345785,12345786,12345787,12345788,12345789,12345790,12345791,12345792,12345793,12345794,12345795,12345796,12345797,12345798,12345799,12345800,12345801,12345802,12345803,12345804,12345805,12345806,12345807,12345808,12345809,12345810,12345811,12345812,12345813,12345814,12345815,12345816,12345817,12345818,12345819,12345820,12345821,12345822,12345823,12345824,12345825,12345826,12345827,12345828,12345829,12345830,12345831,12345832,12345833,12345834,12345835,12345836,12345837,12345838,12345839,12345840,12345841,12345842,12345843,12345844,12345845,12345846,12345847,12345848,12345849,12345850,12345851,12345852,12345853,12345854,12345855,12345856,12345857,12345858,12345859,12345860,12345861,12345862,12345863,12345864,12345865,12345866,12345867,12345868,12345869,12345870,12345871,12345872,12345873,12345874,12345875,12345876,12345877,12345878,12345879,12345880,12345881,12345882,12345883,12345884,12345885,12345886,12345887,12345888,12345889,12345890,12345891,12345892,12345893,12345894,12345895,12345896,12345897,12345898,12345899,12345900,12345901,12345902,12345903,12345904,12345905,12345906,12345907,12345908,12345909,12345910,12345911,12345912,12345913,12345914,12345915,12345916,12345917,12345918,12345919,12345920,12345921,12345922,12345923,12345924,12345925,12345926,12345927,12345928,12345929,12345930,12345931,12345932,12345933,12345934,12345935,12345936,12345937,12345938,12345939,12345940,12345941,12345942,12345943,12345944,12345945,12345946,12345947,12345948,12345949,12345950,12345951,12345952,12345953,12345954,12345955,12345956,12345957,12345958,12345959,12345960,12345961,12345962,12345963,12345964,12345965,12345966,12345967,12345968,12345969,12345970,12345971,12345972,12345973,12345974,12345975,12345976,12345977,12345978,12345979,12345980,12345981,12345982,12345983,12345984,12345985,12345986,12345987,12345988,12345989,12345990,12345991,12345992,12345993,12345994,12345995,12345996,12345997,12345998,12345999,12346000,12346001,12346002,12346003,12346004,12346005,12346006,12346007,12346008,12346009,12346010,12346011,12346012,12346013,12346014,12346015,12346016,12346017,12346018,12346019,12346020,12346021,12346022,12346023,12346024,12346025,12346026,12346027,12346028,12346029,12346030,12346031,12346032,12346033,12346034,12346035,12346036,12346037,12346038,12346039,12346040,12346041,12346042,12346043,12346044,12346045,12346046,12346047,12346048,12346049,12346050,12346051,12346052,12346053,12346054,12346055,12346056,12346057,12346058,12346059,12346060,12346061,12346062,12346063,12346064,12346065,12346066,12346067,12346068,12346069,12346070,12346071,12346072,12346073,12346074,12346075,12346076,12346077,12346078,12346079,12346080,12346081,12346082,12346083,12346084,12346085,12346086,12346087,12346088,12346089,12346090,12346091,12346092,12346093,12346094,12346095,12346096,12346097,12346098,12346099,12346100,12346101,12346102,12346103,12346104,12346105,12346106,12346107,12346108,12346109,12346110,12346111,12346112,12346113,12346114,12346115,12346116,12346117,12346118,12346119,12346120,12346121,12346122,12346123,12346124,12346125,12346126,12346127,12346128,12346129,12346130,12346131,12346132,12346133,12346134,12346135,12346136,12346137,12346138,12346139,12346140,12346141,12346142,12346143,12346144,12346145,12346146,12346147,12346148,12346149,12346150,12346151,12346152,12346153,12346154,12346155,12346156,12346157,12346158,12346159,12346160,12346161,12346162,12346163,12346164,12346165,12346166,12346167,12346168,12346169,12346170,12346171,12346172,12346173,12346174,12346175,12346176,12346177,12346178,12346179,12346180,12346181,12346182,12346183,12346184,12346185,12346186,12346187,12346188,12346189,12346190,12346191,12346192,12346193,12346194,12346195,12346196,12346197,12346198,12346199,12346200,12346201,12346202,12346203,12346204,12346205,12346206,12346207,12346208,12346209,12346210,12346211,12346212,12346213,12346214,12346215,12346216,12346217,12346218,12346219,12346220,12346221,12346222,12346223,12346224,12346225,12346226,12346227,12346228,12346229,12346230,12346231,12346232,1234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+(1 row)
+
+declare held_portal cursor with hold for select * from toasted_data;
+commit;
+drop table toasted_data;
+fetch all in held_portal;
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         f1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {12345678,12345679,12345680,12345681,12345682,12345683,12345684,12345685,12345686,12345687,12345688,12345689,12345690,12345691,12345692,12345693,12345694,12345695,12345696,12345697,12345698,12345699,12345700,12345701,12345702,12345703,12345704,12345705,12345706,12345707,12345708,12345709,12345710,12345711,12345712,12345713,12345714,12345715,12345716,12345717,12345718,12345719,12345720,12345721,12345722,12345723,12345724,12345725,12345726,12345727,12345728,12345729,12345730,12345731,12345732,12345733,12345734,12345735,12345736,12345737,12345738,12345739,12345740,12345741,12345742,12345743,12345744,12345745,12345746,12345747,12345748,12345749,12345750,12345751,12345752,12345753,12345754,12345755,12345756,12345757,12345758,12345759,12345760,12345761,12345762,12345763,12345764,12345765,12345766,12345767,12345768,12345769,12345770,12345771,12345772,12345773,12345774,12345775,12345776,12345777,12345778,12345779,12345780,12345781,12345782,12345783,12345784,12345785,12345786,12345787,12345788,12345789,12345790,12345791,12345792,12345793,12345794,12345795,12345796,12345797,12345798,12345799,12345800,12345801,12345802,12345803,12345804,12345805,12345806,12345807,12345808,12345809,12345810,12345811,12345812,12345813,12345814,12345815,12345816,12345817,12345818,12345819,12345820,12345821,12345822,12345823,12345824,12345825,12345826,12345827,12345828,12345829,12345830,12345831,12345832,12345833,12345834,12345835,12345836,12345837,12345838,12345839,12345840,12345841,12345842,12345843,12345844,12345845,12345846,12345847,12345848,12345849,12345850,12345851,12345852,12345853,12345854,12345855,12345856,12345857,12345858,12345859,12345860,12345861,12345862,12345863,12345864,12345865,12345866,12345867,12345868,12345869,12345870,12345871,12345872,12345873,12345874,12345875,12345876,12345877,12345878,12345879,12345880,12345881,12345882,12345883,12345884,12345885,12345886,12345887,12345888,12345889,12345890,12345891,12345892,12345893,12345894,12345895,12345896,12345897,12345898,12345899,12345900,12345901,12345902,12345903,12345904,12345905,12345906,12345907,12345908,12345909,12345910,12345911,12345912,12345913,12345914,12345915,12345916,12345917,12345918,12345919,12345920,12345921,12345922,12345923,12345924,12345925,12345926,12345927,12345928,12345929,12345930,12345931,12345932,12345933,12345934,12345935,12345936,12345937,12345938,12345939,12345940,12345941,12345942,12345943,12345944,12345945,12345946,12345947,12345948,12345949,12345950,12345951,12345952,12345953,12345954,12345955,12345956,12345957,12345958,12345959,12345960,12345961,12345962,12345963,12345964,12345965,12345966,12345967,12345968,12345969,12345970,12345971,12345972,12345973,12345974,12345975,12345976,12345977,12345978,12345979,12345980,12345981,12345982,12345983,12345984,12345985,12345986,12345987,12345988,12345989,12345990,12345991,12345992,12345993,12345994,12345995,12345996,12345997,12345998,12345999,12346000,12346001,12346002,12346003,12346004,12346005,12346006,12346007,12346008,12346009,12346010,12346011,12346012,12346013,12346014,12346015,12346016,12346017,12346018,12346019,12346020,12346021,12346022,12346023,12346024,12346025,12346026,12346027,12346028,12346029,12346030,12346031,12346032,12346033,12346034,12346035,12346036,12346037,12346038,12346039,12346040,12346041,12346042,12346043,12346044,12346045,12346046,12346047,12346048,12346049,12346050,12346051,12346052,12346053,12346054,12346055,12346056,12346057,12346058,12346059,12346060,12346061,12346062,12346063,12346064,12346065,12346066,12346067,12346068,12346069,12346070,12346071,12346072,12346073,12346074,12346075,12346076,12346077,12346078,12346079,12346080,12346081,12346082,12346083,12346084,12346085,12346086,12346087,12346088,12346089,12346090,12346091,12346092,12346093,12346094,12346095,12346096,12346097,12346098,12346099,12346100,12346101,12346102,12346103,12346104,12346105,12346106,12346107,12346108,12346109,12346110,12346111,12346112,12346113,12346114,12346115,12346116,12346117,12346118,12346119,12346120,12346121,12346122,12346123,12346124,12346125,12346126,12346127,12346128,12346129,12346130,12346131,12346132,12346133,12346134,12346135,12346136,12346137,12346138,12346139,12346140,12346141,12346142,12346143,12346144,12346145,12346146,12346147,12346148,12346149,12346150,12346151,12346152,12346153,12346154,12346155,12346156,12346157,12346158,12346159,12346160,12346161,12346162,12346163,12346164,12346165,12346166,12346167,12346168,12346169,12346170,12346171,12346172,12346173,12346174,12346175,12346176,12346177,12346178,12346179,12346180,12346181,12346182,12346183,12346184,12346185,12346186,12346187,12346188,12346189,12346190,12346191,12346192,12346193,12346194,12346195,12346196,12346197,12346198,12346199,12346200,12346201,12346202,12346203,12346204,12346205,12346206,12346207,12346208,12346209,12346210,12346211,12346212,12346213,12346214,12346215,12346216,12346217,12346218,12346219,12346220,12346221,12346222,12346223,12346224,12346225,12346226,12346227,12346228,12346229,12346230,12346231,12346232,12346233,12346234,12346235,12346236,12346237,12346238,12346239,12346240,12346241,12346242,12346243,12346244,12346245,12346246,12346247,12346248,12346249,12346250,12346251,12346252,12346253,12346254,12346255,12346256,12346257,12346258,12346259,12346260,12346261,12346262,12346263,12346264,12346265,12346266,12346267,12346268,12346269,12346270,12346271,12346272,12346273,12346274,12346275,12346276,12346277,12346278,12346279,12346280,12346281,12346282,12346283,12346284,12346285,12346286,12346287,12346288,12346289,12346290,12346291,12346292,12346293,12346294,12346295,12346296,12346297,12346298,12346299,12346300,12346301,12346302,12346303,12346304,12346305,12346306,12346307,12346308,12346309,12346310,12346311,12346312,12346313,12346314,12346315,12346316,12346317,12346318,12346319,12346320,12346321,12346322,12346323,12346324,12346325,12346326,12346327,12346328,12346329,12346330,12346331,12346332,12346333,12346334,12346335,12346336,12346337,12346338,12346339,12346340,12346341,12346342,12346343,12346344,12346345,12346346,12346347,12346348,12346349,12346350,12346351,12346352,12346353,12346354,12346355,12346356,12346357,12346358,12346359,12346360,12346361,12346362,12346363,12346364,12346365,12346366,12346367,12346368,12346369,12346370,12346371,12346372,12346373,12346374,12346375,12346376,12346377,12346378,12346379,12346380,12346381,12346382,12346383,12346384,12346385,12346386,12346387,12346388,12346389,12346390,12346391,12346392,12346393,12346394,12346395,12346396,12346397,12346398,12346399,12346400,12346401,12346402,12346403,12346404,12346405,12346406,12346407,12346408,12346409,12346410,12346411,12346412,12346413,12346414,12346415,12346416,12346417,12346418,12346419,12346420,12346421,12346422,12346423,12346424,12346425,12346426,12346427,12346428,12346429,12346430,12346431,12346432,12346433,12346434,12346435,12346436,12346437,12346438,12346439,12346440,12346441,12346442,12346443,12346444,12346445,12346446,12346447,12346448,12346449,12346450,12346451,12346452,12346453,12346454,12346455,12346456,12346457,12346458,12346459,12346460,12346461,12346462,12346463,12346464,12346465,12346466,12346467,12346468,12346469,12346470,12346471,12346472,12346473,12346474,12346475,12346476,12346477,12346478,12346479,12346480,12346481,12346482,12346483,12346484,12346485,12346486,12346487,12346488,12346489,12346490,12346491,12346492,12346493,12346494,12346495,12346496,12346497,12346498,12346499,12346500,12346501,12346502,12346503,12346504,12346505,12346506,12346507,12346508,12346509,12346510,12346511,12346512,12346513,12346514,12346515,12346516,12346517,12346518,12346519,12346520,12346521,12346522,12346523,12346524,12346525,12346526,12346527,12346528,12346529,12346530,12346531,12346532,12346533,12346534,12346535,12346536,12346537,12346538,12346539,12346540,12346541,12346542,12346543,12346544,12346545,12346546,12346547,12346548,12346549,12346550,12346551,12346552,12346553,12346554,12346555,12346556,12346557,12346558,12346559,12346560,12346561,12346562,12346563,12346564,12346565,12346566,12346567,12346568,12346569,12346570,12346571,12346572,12346573,12346574,12346575,12346576,12346577,12346578,12346579,12346580,12346581,12346582,12346583,12346584,12346585,12346586,12346587,12346588,12346589,12346590,12346591,12346592,12346593,12346594,12346595,12346596,12346597,12346598,12346599,12346600,12346601,12346602,12346603,12346604,12346605,12346606,12346607,12346608,12346609,12346610,12346611,12346612,12346613,12346614,12346615,12346616,12346617,12346618,12346619,12346620,12346621,12346622,12346623,12346624,12346625,12346626,12346627,12346628,12346629,12346630,12346631,12346632,12346633,12346634,12346635,12346636,12346637,12346638,12346639,12346640,12346641,12346642,12346643,12346644,12346645,12346646,12346647,12346648,12346649,12346650,12346651,12346652,12346653,12346654,12346655,12346656,12346657,12346658,12346659,12346660,12346661,12346662,12346663,12346664,12346665,12346666,12346667,12346668,12346669,12346670,12346671,12346672,12346673,12346674,12346675,12346676,12346677,12346678}
+(1 row)
+
+reset default_toast_compression;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/portals_p2.out b/src/test/regress/expected/portals_p2.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e2365a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/portals_p2.out
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+--
+-- PORTALS_P2
+--
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE foo13 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 50;
+DECLARE foo14 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 51;
+DECLARE foo15 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 52;
+DECLARE foo16 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 53;
+DECLARE foo17 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 54;
+DECLARE foo18 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 55;
+DECLARE foo19 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 56;
+DECLARE foo20 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 57;
+DECLARE foo21 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 58;
+DECLARE foo22 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 59;
+DECLARE foo23 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 60;
+DECLARE foo24 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek2 WHERE unique1 = 50;
+DECLARE foo25 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek2 WHERE unique1 = 60;
+FETCH all in foo13;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      50 |     253 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |       0 |       50 |          50 |        50 |       50 |   0 |    1 | YBAAAA   | TJAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo14;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      51 |      76 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |       1 |       51 |          51 |        51 |       51 |   2 |    3 | ZBAAAA   | YCAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo15;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      52 |     985 |   0 |    0 |   2 |     12 |       2 |       52 |          52 |        52 |       52 |   4 |    5 | ACAAAA   | XLBAAA   | HHHHxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo16;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      53 |     196 |   1 |    1 |   3 |     13 |       3 |       53 |          53 |        53 |       53 |   6 |    7 | BCAAAA   | OHAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo17;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      54 |     356 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |       4 |       54 |          54 |        54 |       54 |   8 |    9 | CCAAAA   | SNAAAA   | AAAAxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo18;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      55 |     627 |   1 |    3 |   5 |     15 |       5 |       55 |          55 |        55 |       55 |  10 |   11 | DCAAAA   | DYAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo19;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      56 |      54 |   0 |    0 |   6 |     16 |       6 |       56 |          56 |        56 |       56 |  12 |   13 | ECAAAA   | CCAAAA   | OOOOxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo20;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      57 |     942 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |       7 |       57 |          57 |        57 |       57 |  14 |   15 | FCAAAA   | GKBAAA   | OOOOxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo21;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      58 |     114 |   0 |    2 |   8 |     18 |       8 |       58 |          58 |        58 |       58 |  16 |   17 | GCAAAA   | KEAAAA   | OOOOxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo22;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      59 |     593 |   1 |    3 |   9 |     19 |       9 |       59 |          59 |        59 |       59 |  18 |   19 | HCAAAA   | VWAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo23;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      60 |     483 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |       60 |          60 |        60 |       60 |   0 |    1 | ICAAAA   | PSAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo24;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      50 |     253 |   0 |    2 |   0 |     10 |       0 |       50 |          50 |        50 |       50 |   0 |    1 | YBAAAA   | TJAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH all in foo25;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+      60 |     483 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |       60 |          60 |        60 |       60 |   0 |    1 | ICAAAA   | PSAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(1 row)
+
+CLOSE foo13;
+CLOSE foo14;
+CLOSE foo15;
+CLOSE foo16;
+CLOSE foo17;
+CLOSE foo18;
+CLOSE foo19;
+CLOSE foo20;
+CLOSE foo21;
+CLOSE foo22;
+CLOSE foo23;
+CLOSE foo24;
+CLOSE foo25;
+END;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/prepare.out b/src/test/regress/expected/prepare.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3306c69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/prepare.out
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+-- Regression tests for prepareable statements. We query the content
+-- of the pg_prepared_statements view as prepared statements are
+-- created and removed.
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+ name | statement | parameter_types 
+------+-----------+-----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+PREPARE q1 AS SELECT 1 AS a;
+EXECUTE q1;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+ name |          statement           | parameter_types 
+------+------------------------------+-----------------
+ q1   | PREPARE q1 AS SELECT 1 AS a; | {}
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+PREPARE q1 AS SELECT 2;
+ERROR:  prepared statement "q1" already exists
+-- should succeed
+DEALLOCATE q1;
+PREPARE q1 AS SELECT 2;
+EXECUTE q1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE q2 AS SELECT 2 AS b;
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+ name |          statement           | parameter_types 
+------+------------------------------+-----------------
+ q1   | PREPARE q1 AS SELECT 2;      | {}
+ q2   | PREPARE q2 AS SELECT 2 AS b; | {}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- sql92 syntax
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE q1;
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+ name |          statement           | parameter_types 
+------+------------------------------+-----------------
+ q2   | PREPARE q2 AS SELECT 2 AS b; | {}
+(1 row)
+
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE q2;
+-- the view should return the empty set again
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+ name | statement | parameter_types 
+------+-----------+-----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- parameterized queries
+PREPARE q2(text) AS
+	SELECT datname, datistemplate, datallowconn
+	FROM pg_database WHERE datname = $1;
+EXECUTE q2('postgres');
+ datname  | datistemplate | datallowconn 
+----------+---------------+--------------
+ postgres | f             | t
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE q3(text, int, float, boolean, smallint) AS
+	SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE string4 = $1 AND (four = $2 OR
+	ten = $3::bigint OR true = $4 OR odd = $5::int)
+	ORDER BY unique1;
+EXECUTE q3('AAAAxx', 5::smallint, 10.5::float, false, 4::bigint);
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+       2 |    2716 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |        2 |           2 |         2 |        2 |   4 |    5 | CAAAAA   | MAEAAA   | AAAAxx
+     102 |     612 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      102 |         102 |       102 |      102 |   4 |    5 | YDAAAA   | OXAAAA   | AAAAxx
+     802 |    2908 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      802 |         802 |       802 |      802 |   4 |    5 | WEAAAA   | WHEAAA   | AAAAxx
+     902 |    1104 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      902 |         902 |       902 |      902 |   4 |    5 | SIAAAA   | MQBAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1002 |    2580 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |        2 |        1002 |      1002 |     1002 |   4 |    5 | OMAAAA   | GVDAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1602 |    8148 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      602 |        1602 |      1602 |     1602 |   4 |    5 | QJAAAA   | KBMAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1702 |    7940 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      702 |        1702 |      1702 |     1702 |   4 |    5 | MNAAAA   | KTLAAA   | AAAAxx
+    2102 |    6184 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      102 |         102 |      2102 |     2102 |   4 |    5 | WCAAAA   | WDJAAA   | AAAAxx
+    2202 |    8028 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      202 |         202 |      2202 |     2202 |   4 |    5 | SGAAAA   | UWLAAA   | AAAAxx
+    2302 |    7112 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      302 |         302 |      2302 |     2302 |   4 |    5 | OKAAAA   | ONKAAA   | AAAAxx
+    2902 |    6816 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      902 |         902 |      2902 |     2902 |   4 |    5 | QHAAAA   | ECKAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3202 |    7128 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      202 |        1202 |      3202 |     3202 |   4 |    5 | ETAAAA   | EOKAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3902 |    9224 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      902 |        1902 |      3902 |     3902 |   4 |    5 | CUAAAA   | UQNAAA   | AAAAxx
+    4102 |    7676 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      102 |         102 |      4102 |     4102 |   4 |    5 | UBAAAA   | GJLAAA   | AAAAxx
+    4202 |    6628 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      202 |         202 |      4202 |     4202 |   4 |    5 | QFAAAA   | YUJAAA   | AAAAxx
+    4502 |     412 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      502 |         502 |      4502 |     4502 |   4 |    5 | ERAAAA   | WPAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    4702 |    2520 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      702 |         702 |      4702 |     4702 |   4 |    5 | WYAAAA   | YSDAAA   | AAAAxx
+    4902 |    1600 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      902 |         902 |      4902 |     4902 |   4 |    5 | OGAAAA   | OJCAAA   | AAAAxx
+    5602 |    8796 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      602 |        1602 |       602 |     5602 |   4 |    5 | MHAAAA   | IANAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6002 |    8932 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |        2 |           2 |      1002 |     6002 |   4 |    5 | WWAAAA   | OFNAAA   | AAAAxx
+    6402 |    3808 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      402 |         402 |      1402 |     6402 |   4 |    5 | GMAAAA   | MQFAAA   | AAAAxx
+    7602 |    1040 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      602 |        1602 |      2602 |     7602 |   4 |    5 | KGAAAA   | AOBAAA   | AAAAxx
+    7802 |    7508 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      802 |        1802 |      2802 |     7802 |   4 |    5 | COAAAA   | UCLAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8002 |    9980 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |        2 |           2 |      3002 |     8002 |   4 |    5 | UVAAAA   | WTOAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8302 |    7800 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      302 |         302 |      3302 |     8302 |   4 |    5 | IHAAAA   | AOLAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8402 |    5708 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      402 |         402 |      3402 |     8402 |   4 |    5 | ELAAAA   | OLIAAA   | AAAAxx
+    8602 |    5440 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      602 |         602 |      3602 |     8602 |   4 |    5 | WSAAAA   | GBIAAA   | AAAAxx
+    9502 |    1812 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      502 |        1502 |      4502 |     9502 |   4 |    5 | MBAAAA   | SRCAAA   | AAAAxx
+    9602 |    9972 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |      602 |        1602 |      4602 |     9602 |   4 |    5 | IFAAAA   | OTOAAA   | AAAAxx
+(29 rows)
+
+-- too few params
+EXECUTE q3('bool');
+ERROR:  wrong number of parameters for prepared statement "q3"
+DETAIL:  Expected 5 parameters but got 1.
+-- too many params
+EXECUTE q3('bytea', 5::smallint, 10.5::float, false, 4::bigint, true);
+ERROR:  wrong number of parameters for prepared statement "q3"
+DETAIL:  Expected 5 parameters but got 6.
+-- wrong param types
+EXECUTE q3(5::smallint, 10.5::float, false, 4::bigint, 'bytea');
+ERROR:  parameter $3 of type boolean cannot be coerced to the expected type double precision
+LINE 1: EXECUTE q3(5::smallint, 10.5::float, false, 4::bigint, 'byte...
+                                             ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+-- invalid type
+PREPARE q4(nonexistenttype) AS SELECT $1;
+ERROR:  type "nonexistenttype" does not exist
+LINE 1: PREPARE q4(nonexistenttype) AS SELECT $1;
+                   ^
+-- create table as execute
+PREPARE q5(int, text) AS
+	SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 = $1 OR stringu1 = $2
+	ORDER BY unique1;
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE q5_prep_results AS EXECUTE q5(200, 'DTAAAA');
+SELECT * FROM q5_prep_results;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+     200 |    9441 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |      200 |         200 |       200 |      200 |   0 |    1 | SHAAAA   | DZNAAA   | HHHHxx
+     497 |    9092 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      97 |      497 |         497 |       497 |      497 | 194 |  195 | DTAAAA   | SLNAAA   | AAAAxx
+    1173 |    6699 |   1 |    1 |   3 |     13 |      73 |      173 |        1173 |      1173 |     1173 | 146 |  147 | DTAAAA   | RXJAAA   | VVVVxx
+    1849 |    8143 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |      49 |      849 |        1849 |      1849 |     1849 |  98 |   99 | DTAAAA   | FBMAAA   | VVVVxx
+    2525 |      64 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |      25 |      525 |         525 |      2525 |     2525 |  50 |   51 | DTAAAA   | MCAAAA   | AAAAxx
+    3201 |    7309 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |      201 |        1201 |      3201 |     3201 |   2 |    3 | DTAAAA   | DVKAAA   | HHHHxx
+    3877 |    4060 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      77 |      877 |        1877 |      3877 |     3877 | 154 |  155 | DTAAAA   | EAGAAA   | AAAAxx
+    4553 |    4113 |   1 |    1 |   3 |     13 |      53 |      553 |         553 |      4553 |     4553 | 106 |  107 | DTAAAA   | FCGAAA   | HHHHxx
+    5229 |    6407 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |      29 |      229 |        1229 |       229 |     5229 |  58 |   59 | DTAAAA   | LMJAAA   | VVVVxx
+    5905 |    9537 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |       5 |      905 |        1905 |       905 |     5905 |  10 |   11 | DTAAAA   | VCOAAA   | HHHHxx
+    6581 |    4686 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      81 |      581 |         581 |      1581 |     6581 | 162 |  163 | DTAAAA   | GYGAAA   | OOOOxx
+    7257 |    1895 |   1 |    1 |   7 |     17 |      57 |      257 |        1257 |      2257 |     7257 | 114 |  115 | DTAAAA   | XUCAAA   | VVVVxx
+    7933 |    4514 |   1 |    1 |   3 |     13 |      33 |      933 |        1933 |      2933 |     7933 |  66 |   67 | DTAAAA   | QRGAAA   | OOOOxx
+    8609 |    5918 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |      609 |         609 |      3609 |     8609 |  18 |   19 | DTAAAA   | QTIAAA   | OOOOxx
+    9285 |    8469 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |      85 |      285 |        1285 |      4285 |     9285 | 170 |  171 | DTAAAA   | TNMAAA   | HHHHxx
+    9961 |    2058 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |      61 |      961 |        1961 |      4961 |     9961 | 122 |  123 | DTAAAA   | EBDAAA   | OOOOxx
+(16 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE q5_prep_nodata AS EXECUTE q5(200, 'DTAAAA')
+    WITH NO DATA;
+SELECT * FROM q5_prep_nodata;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- unknown or unspecified parameter types: should succeed
+PREPARE q6 AS
+    SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 = $1 AND stringu1 = $2;
+PREPARE q7(unknown) AS
+    SELECT * FROM road WHERE thepath = $1;
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements
+    ORDER BY name;
+ name |                            statement                             |                  parameter_types                   
+------+------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+ q2   | PREPARE q2(text) AS                                             +| {text}
+      |         SELECT datname, datistemplate, datallowconn             +| 
+      |         FROM pg_database WHERE datname = $1;                     | 
+ q3   | PREPARE q3(text, int, float, boolean, smallint) AS              +| {text,integer,"double precision",boolean,smallint}
+      |         SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE string4 = $1 AND (four = $2 OR+| 
+      |         ten = $3::bigint OR true = $4 OR odd = $5::int)         +| 
+      |         ORDER BY unique1;                                        | 
+ q5   | PREPARE q5(int, text) AS                                        +| {integer,text}
+      |         SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 = $1 OR stringu1 = $2 +| 
+      |         ORDER BY unique1;                                        | 
+ q6   | PREPARE q6 AS                                                   +| {integer,name}
+      |     SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 = $1 AND stringu1 = $2;    | 
+ q7   | PREPARE q7(unknown) AS                                          +| {path}
+      |     SELECT * FROM road WHERE thepath = $1;                       | 
+(5 rows)
+
+-- test DEALLOCATE ALL;
+DEALLOCATE ALL;
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements
+    ORDER BY name;
+ name | statement | parameter_types 
+------+-----------+-----------------
+(0 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/prepared_xacts.out b/src/test/regress/expected/prepared_xacts.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba8e3cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/prepared_xacts.out
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+--
+-- PREPARED TRANSACTIONS (two-phase commit)
+--
+-- We can't readily test persistence of prepared xacts within the
+-- regression script framework, unfortunately.  Note that a crash
+-- isn't really needed ... stopping and starting the postmaster would
+-- be enough, but we can't even do that here.
+-- create a simple table that we'll use in the tests
+CREATE TABLE pxtest1 (foobar VARCHAR(10));
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('aaa');
+-- Test PREPARE TRANSACTION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE pxtest1 SET foobar = 'bbb' WHERE foobar = 'aaa';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ bbb
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo1';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test pg_prepared_xacts system view
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid  
+------
+ foo1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test ROLLBACK PREPARED
+ROLLBACK PREPARED 'foo1';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test COMMIT PREPARED
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('ddd');
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+ ddd
+(2 rows)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo2';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT PREPARED 'foo2';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+ ddd
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test duplicate gids
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE pxtest1 SET foobar = 'eee' WHERE foobar = 'ddd';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+ eee
+(2 rows)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo3';
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid  
+------
+ foo3
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('fff');
+-- This should fail, because the gid foo3 is already in use
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo3';
+ERROR:  transaction identifier "foo3" is already in use
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+ ddd
+(2 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK PREPARED 'foo3';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+ ddd
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test serialization failure (SSI)
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE pxtest1 SET foobar = 'eee' WHERE foobar = 'ddd';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+ eee
+(2 rows)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo4';
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid  
+------
+ foo4
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+ ddd
+(2 rows)
+
+-- This should fail, because the two transactions have a write-skew anomaly
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('fff');
+ERROR:  could not serialize access due to read/write dependencies among transactions
+DETAIL:  Reason code: Canceled on identification as a pivot, during write.
+HINT:  The transaction might succeed if retried.
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo5';
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid  
+------
+ foo4
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK PREPARED 'foo4';
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Clean up
+DROP TABLE pxtest1;
+-- Test detection of session-level and xact-level locks on same object
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_advisory_lock(1);
+ pg_advisory_lock 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(1);
+ pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared 
+------------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo6';  -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE while holding both session-level and transaction-level locks on the same object
+-- Test subtransactions
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+  CREATE TABLE pxtest2 (a int);
+  INSERT INTO pxtest2 VALUES (1);
+  SAVEPOINT a;
+    INSERT INTO pxtest2 VALUES (2);
+  ROLLBACK TO a;
+  SAVEPOINT b;
+  INSERT INTO pxtest2 VALUES (3);
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'regress-one';
+CREATE TABLE pxtest3(fff int);
+-- Test shared invalidation
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+  DROP TABLE pxtest3;
+  CREATE TABLE pxtest4 (a int);
+  INSERT INTO pxtest4 VALUES (1);
+  INSERT INTO pxtest4 VALUES (2);
+  DECLARE foo CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM pxtest4;
+  -- Fetch 1 tuple, keeping the cursor open
+  FETCH 1 FROM foo;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'regress-two';
+-- No such cursor
+FETCH 1 FROM foo;
+ERROR:  cursor "foo" does not exist
+-- Table doesn't exist, the creation hasn't been committed yet
+SELECT * FROM pxtest2;
+ERROR:  relation "pxtest2" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM pxtest2;
+                      ^
+-- There should be two prepared transactions
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+     gid     
+-------------
+ regress-one
+ regress-two
+(2 rows)
+
+-- pxtest3 should be locked because of the pending DROP
+begin;
+lock table pxtest3 in access share mode nowait;
+ERROR:  could not obtain lock on relation "pxtest3"
+rollback;
+-- Disconnect, we will continue testing in a different backend
+\c -
+-- There should still be two prepared transactions
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+     gid     
+-------------
+ regress-one
+ regress-two
+(2 rows)
+
+-- pxtest3 should still be locked because of the pending DROP
+begin;
+lock table pxtest3 in access share mode nowait;
+ERROR:  could not obtain lock on relation "pxtest3"
+rollback;
+-- Commit table creation
+COMMIT PREPARED 'regress-one';
+\d pxtest2
+              Table "public.pxtest2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+
+SELECT * FROM pxtest2;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 3
+(2 rows)
+
+-- There should be one prepared transaction
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+     gid     
+-------------
+ regress-two
+(1 row)
+
+-- Commit table drop
+COMMIT PREPARED 'regress-two';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest3;
+ERROR:  relation "pxtest3" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM pxtest3;
+                      ^
+-- There should be no prepared transactions
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Clean up
+DROP TABLE pxtest2;
+DROP TABLE pxtest3;  -- will still be there if prepared xacts are disabled
+ERROR:  table "pxtest3" does not exist
+DROP TABLE pxtest4;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/prepared_xacts_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/prepared_xacts_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cd50ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/prepared_xacts_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+--
+-- PREPARED TRANSACTIONS (two-phase commit)
+--
+-- We can't readily test persistence of prepared xacts within the
+-- regression script framework, unfortunately.  Note that a crash
+-- isn't really needed ... stopping and starting the postmaster would
+-- be enough, but we can't even do that here.
+-- create a simple table that we'll use in the tests
+CREATE TABLE pxtest1 (foobar VARCHAR(10));
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('aaa');
+-- Test PREPARE TRANSACTION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE pxtest1 SET foobar = 'bbb' WHERE foobar = 'aaa';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ bbb
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo1';
+ERROR:  prepared transactions are disabled
+HINT:  Set max_prepared_transactions to a nonzero value.
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test pg_prepared_xacts system view
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test ROLLBACK PREPARED
+ROLLBACK PREPARED 'foo1';
+ERROR:  prepared transaction with identifier "foo1" does not exist
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test COMMIT PREPARED
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('ddd');
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+ ddd
+(2 rows)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo2';
+ERROR:  prepared transactions are disabled
+HINT:  Set max_prepared_transactions to a nonzero value.
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT PREPARED 'foo2';
+ERROR:  prepared transaction with identifier "foo2" does not exist
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test duplicate gids
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE pxtest1 SET foobar = 'eee' WHERE foobar = 'ddd';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo3';
+ERROR:  prepared transactions are disabled
+HINT:  Set max_prepared_transactions to a nonzero value.
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('fff');
+-- This should fail, because the gid foo3 is already in use
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo3';
+ERROR:  prepared transactions are disabled
+HINT:  Set max_prepared_transactions to a nonzero value.
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK PREPARED 'foo3';
+ERROR:  prepared transaction with identifier "foo3" does not exist
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test serialization failure (SSI)
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE pxtest1 SET foobar = 'eee' WHERE foobar = 'ddd';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo4';
+ERROR:  prepared transactions are disabled
+HINT:  Set max_prepared_transactions to a nonzero value.
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+ foobar 
+--------
+ aaa
+(1 row)
+
+-- This should fail, because the two transactions have a write-skew anomaly
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('fff');
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo5';
+ERROR:  prepared transactions are disabled
+HINT:  Set max_prepared_transactions to a nonzero value.
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK PREPARED 'foo4';
+ERROR:  prepared transaction with identifier "foo4" does not exist
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Clean up
+DROP TABLE pxtest1;
+-- Test detection of session-level and xact-level locks on same object
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_advisory_lock(1);
+ pg_advisory_lock 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(1);
+ pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared 
+------------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo6';  -- fails
+ERROR:  prepared transactions are disabled
+HINT:  Set max_prepared_transactions to a nonzero value.
+-- Test subtransactions
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+  CREATE TABLE pxtest2 (a int);
+  INSERT INTO pxtest2 VALUES (1);
+  SAVEPOINT a;
+    INSERT INTO pxtest2 VALUES (2);
+  ROLLBACK TO a;
+  SAVEPOINT b;
+  INSERT INTO pxtest2 VALUES (3);
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'regress-one';
+ERROR:  prepared transactions are disabled
+HINT:  Set max_prepared_transactions to a nonzero value.
+CREATE TABLE pxtest3(fff int);
+-- Test shared invalidation
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+  DROP TABLE pxtest3;
+  CREATE TABLE pxtest4 (a int);
+  INSERT INTO pxtest4 VALUES (1);
+  INSERT INTO pxtest4 VALUES (2);
+  DECLARE foo CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM pxtest4;
+  -- Fetch 1 tuple, keeping the cursor open
+  FETCH 1 FROM foo;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'regress-two';
+ERROR:  prepared transactions are disabled
+HINT:  Set max_prepared_transactions to a nonzero value.
+-- No such cursor
+FETCH 1 FROM foo;
+ERROR:  cursor "foo" does not exist
+-- Table doesn't exist, the creation hasn't been committed yet
+SELECT * FROM pxtest2;
+ERROR:  relation "pxtest2" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM pxtest2;
+                      ^
+-- There should be two prepared transactions
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- pxtest3 should be locked because of the pending DROP
+begin;
+lock table pxtest3 in access share mode nowait;
+rollback;
+-- Disconnect, we will continue testing in a different backend
+\c -
+-- There should still be two prepared transactions
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- pxtest3 should still be locked because of the pending DROP
+begin;
+lock table pxtest3 in access share mode nowait;
+rollback;
+-- Commit table creation
+COMMIT PREPARED 'regress-one';
+ERROR:  prepared transaction with identifier "regress-one" does not exist
+\d pxtest2
+SELECT * FROM pxtest2;
+ERROR:  relation "pxtest2" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM pxtest2;
+                      ^
+-- There should be one prepared transaction
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Commit table drop
+COMMIT PREPARED 'regress-two';
+ERROR:  prepared transaction with identifier "regress-two" does not exist
+SELECT * FROM pxtest3;
+ fff 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- There should be no prepared transactions
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+ gid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Clean up
+DROP TABLE pxtest2;
+ERROR:  table "pxtest2" does not exist
+DROP TABLE pxtest3;  -- will still be there if prepared xacts are disabled
+DROP TABLE pxtest4;
+ERROR:  table "pxtest4" does not exist
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/privileges.out b/src/test/regress/expected/privileges.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8213be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/privileges.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2672 @@
+--
+-- Test access privileges
+--
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+-- Suppress NOTICE messages when users/groups don't exist
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_group1;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_group2;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user1;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user2;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user3;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user4;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user5;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user6;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user7;
+SELECT lo_unlink(oid) FROM pg_largeobject_metadata WHERE oid >= 1000 AND oid < 3000 ORDER BY oid;
+ lo_unlink 
+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- test proper begins here
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user2;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user3;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user4;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user5;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user5;	-- duplicate
+ERROR:  role "regress_priv_user5" already exists
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user6;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user7;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user8;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user9;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user10;
+CREATE ROLE regress_priv_role;
+GRANT pg_read_all_data TO regress_priv_user6;
+GRANT pg_write_all_data TO regress_priv_user7;
+GRANT pg_read_all_settings TO regress_priv_user8 WITH ADMIN OPTION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user8;
+GRANT pg_read_all_settings TO regress_priv_user9 WITH ADMIN OPTION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user9;
+GRANT pg_read_all_settings TO regress_priv_user10;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user8;
+REVOKE pg_read_all_settings FROM regress_priv_user10;
+REVOKE ADMIN OPTION FOR pg_read_all_settings FROM regress_priv_user9;
+REVOKE pg_read_all_settings FROM regress_priv_user9;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+REVOKE ADMIN OPTION FOR pg_read_all_settings FROM regress_priv_user8;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user8;
+SET ROLE pg_read_all_settings;
+RESET ROLE;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+REVOKE pg_read_all_settings FROM regress_priv_user8;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user10;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user9;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user8;
+CREATE GROUP regress_priv_group1;
+CREATE GROUP regress_priv_group2 WITH USER regress_priv_user1, regress_priv_user2;
+ALTER GROUP regress_priv_group1 ADD USER regress_priv_user4;
+ALTER GROUP regress_priv_group2 ADD USER regress_priv_user2;	-- duplicate
+NOTICE:  role "regress_priv_user2" is already a member of role "regress_priv_group2"
+ALTER GROUP regress_priv_group2 DROP USER regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user4 WITH ADMIN OPTION;
+-- prepare non-leakproof function for later
+CREATE FUNCTION leak(integer,integer) RETURNS boolean
+  AS 'int4lt'
+  LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT;  -- but deliberately not LEAKPROOF
+ALTER FUNCTION leak(integer,integer) OWNER TO regress_priv_user1;
+-- test owner privileges
+GRANT regress_priv_role TO regress_priv_user1 WITH ADMIN OPTION GRANTED BY CURRENT_ROLE;
+REVOKE ADMIN OPTION FOR regress_priv_role FROM regress_priv_user1 GRANTED BY foo; -- error
+REVOKE ADMIN OPTION FOR regress_priv_role FROM regress_priv_user1 GRANTED BY regress_priv_user2; -- error
+REVOKE ADMIN OPTION FOR regress_priv_role FROM regress_priv_user1 GRANTED BY CURRENT_USER;
+REVOKE regress_priv_role FROM regress_priv_user1 GRANTED BY CURRENT_ROLE;
+DROP ROLE regress_priv_role;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+SELECT session_user, current_user;
+    session_user    |    current_user    
+--------------------+--------------------
+ regress_priv_user1 | regress_priv_user1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE atest1 ( a int, b text );
+SELECT * FROM atest1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO atest1 VALUES (1, 'one');
+DELETE FROM atest1;
+UPDATE atest1 SET a = 1 WHERE b = 'blech';
+TRUNCATE atest1;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK atest1 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+COMMIT;
+REVOKE ALL ON atest1 FROM PUBLIC;
+SELECT * FROM atest1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+GRANT ALL ON atest1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT SELECT ON atest1 TO regress_priv_user3, regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT * FROM atest1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE atest2 (col1 varchar(10), col2 boolean);
+GRANT SELECT ON atest2 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE ON atest2 TO regress_priv_user3;
+GRANT INSERT ON atest2 TO regress_priv_user4 GRANTED BY CURRENT_USER;
+GRANT TRUNCATE ON atest2 TO regress_priv_user5 GRANTED BY CURRENT_ROLE;
+GRANT TRUNCATE ON atest2 TO regress_priv_user4 GRANTED BY regress_priv_user5;  -- error
+ERROR:  grantor must be current user
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT session_user, current_user;
+    session_user    |    current_user    
+--------------------+--------------------
+ regress_priv_user2 | regress_priv_user2
+(1 row)
+
+-- try various combinations of queries on atest1 and atest2
+SELECT * FROM atest1; -- ok
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM atest2; -- ok
+ col1 | col2 
+------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO atest1 VALUES (2, 'two'); -- ok
+INSERT INTO atest2 VALUES ('foo', true); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+INSERT INTO atest1 SELECT 1, b FROM atest1; -- ok
+UPDATE atest1 SET a = 1 WHERE a = 2; -- ok
+UPDATE atest2 SET col2 = NOT col2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+SELECT * FROM atest1 FOR UPDATE; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | two
+ 1 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM atest2 FOR UPDATE; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+DELETE FROM atest2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+TRUNCATE atest2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+BEGIN;
+LOCK atest2 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+COMMIT;
+COPY atest2 FROM stdin; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+GRANT ALL ON atest1 TO PUBLIC; -- fail
+WARNING:  no privileges were granted for "atest1"
+-- checks in subquery, both ok
+SELECT * FROM atest1 WHERE ( b IN ( SELECT col1 FROM atest2 ) );
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM atest2 WHERE ( col1 IN ( SELECT b FROM atest1 ) );
+ col1 | col2 
+------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user6;
+SELECT * FROM atest1; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | two
+ 1 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM atest2; -- ok
+ col1 | col2 
+------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO atest2 VALUES ('foo', true); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user7;
+SELECT * FROM atest1; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest1
+SELECT * FROM atest2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+INSERT INTO atest2 VALUES ('foo', true); -- ok
+UPDATE atest2 SET col2 = true; -- ok
+DELETE FROM atest2; -- ok
+-- Make sure we are not able to modify system catalogs
+UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_class SET relname = '123'; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table pg_class
+DELETE FROM pg_catalog.pg_class; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table pg_class
+UPDATE pg_toast.pg_toast_1213 SET chunk_id = 1; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table pg_toast_1213
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+SELECT session_user, current_user;
+    session_user    |    current_user    
+--------------------+--------------------
+ regress_priv_user3 | regress_priv_user3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM atest1; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | two
+ 1 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM atest2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+INSERT INTO atest1 VALUES (2, 'two'); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest1
+INSERT INTO atest2 VALUES ('foo', true); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+INSERT INTO atest1 SELECT 1, b FROM atest1; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest1
+UPDATE atest1 SET a = 1 WHERE a = 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest1
+UPDATE atest2 SET col2 = NULL; -- ok
+UPDATE atest2 SET col2 = NOT col2; -- fails; requires SELECT on atest2
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+UPDATE atest2 SET col2 = true FROM atest1 WHERE atest1.a = 5; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atest1 FOR UPDATE; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest1
+SELECT * FROM atest2 FOR UPDATE; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+DELETE FROM atest2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+TRUNCATE atest2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+BEGIN;
+LOCK atest2 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- ok
+COMMIT;
+COPY atest2 FROM stdin; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+-- checks in subquery, both fail
+SELECT * FROM atest1 WHERE ( b IN ( SELECT col1 FROM atest2 ) );
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+SELECT * FROM atest2 WHERE ( col1 IN ( SELECT b FROM atest1 ) );
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+COPY atest2 FROM stdin; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atest1; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | two
+ 1 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test leaky-function protections in selfuncs
+-- regress_priv_user1 will own a table and provide views for it.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE TABLE atest12 as
+  SELECT x AS a, 10001 - x AS b FROM generate_series(1,10000) x;
+CREATE INDEX ON atest12 (a);
+CREATE INDEX ON atest12 (abs(a));
+-- results below depend on having quite accurate stats for atest12, so...
+ALTER TABLE atest12 SET (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+SET default_statistics_target = 10000;
+VACUUM ANALYZE atest12;
+RESET default_statistics_target;
+CREATE OPERATOR <<< (procedure = leak, leftarg = integer, rightarg = integer,
+                     restrict = scalarltsel);
+-- views with leaky operator
+CREATE VIEW atest12v AS
+  SELECT * FROM atest12 WHERE b <<< 5;
+CREATE VIEW atest12sbv WITH (security_barrier=true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM atest12 WHERE b <<< 5;
+GRANT SELECT ON atest12v TO PUBLIC;
+GRANT SELECT ON atest12sbv TO PUBLIC;
+-- This plan should use nestloop, knowing that few rows will be selected.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12v x, atest12v y WHERE x.a = y.b;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on atest12 atest12_1
+         Filter: (b <<< 5)
+   ->  Index Scan using atest12_a_idx on atest12
+         Index Cond: (a = atest12_1.b)
+         Filter: (b <<< 5)
+(6 rows)
+
+-- And this one.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12 x, atest12 y
+  WHERE x.a = y.b and abs(y.a) <<< 5;
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on atest12 y
+         Filter: (abs(a) <<< 5)
+   ->  Index Scan using atest12_a_idx on atest12 x
+         Index Cond: (a = y.b)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- This should also be a nestloop, but the security barrier forces the inner
+-- scan to be materialized
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12sbv x, atest12sbv y WHERE x.a = y.b;
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (atest12.a = atest12_1.b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on atest12
+         Filter: (b <<< 5)
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on atest12 atest12_1
+               Filter: (b <<< 5)
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Check if regress_priv_user2 can break security.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+CREATE FUNCTION leak2(integer,integer) RETURNS boolean
+  AS $$begin raise notice 'leak % %', $1, $2; return $1 > $2; end$$
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql immutable;
+CREATE OPERATOR >>> (procedure = leak2, leftarg = integer, rightarg = integer,
+                     restrict = scalargtsel);
+-- This should not show any "leak" notices before failing.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12 WHERE a >>> 0;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest12
+-- These plans should continue to use a nestloop, since they execute with the
+-- privileges of the view owner.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12v x, atest12v y WHERE x.a = y.b;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on atest12 atest12_1
+         Filter: (b <<< 5)
+   ->  Index Scan using atest12_a_idx on atest12
+         Index Cond: (a = atest12_1.b)
+         Filter: (b <<< 5)
+(6 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12sbv x, atest12sbv y WHERE x.a = y.b;
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (atest12.a = atest12_1.b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on atest12
+         Filter: (b <<< 5)
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on atest12 atest12_1
+               Filter: (b <<< 5)
+(7 rows)
+
+-- A non-security barrier view does not guard against information leakage.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12v x, atest12v y
+  WHERE x.a = y.b and abs(y.a) <<< 5;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on atest12 atest12_1
+         Filter: ((b <<< 5) AND (abs(a) <<< 5))
+   ->  Index Scan using atest12_a_idx on atest12
+         Index Cond: (a = atest12_1.b)
+         Filter: (b <<< 5)
+(6 rows)
+
+-- But a security barrier view isolates the leaky operator.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12sbv x, atest12sbv y
+  WHERE x.a = y.b and abs(y.a) <<< 5;
+             QUERY PLAN              
+-------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (atest12_1.a = y.b)
+   ->  Subquery Scan on y
+         Filter: (abs(y.a) <<< 5)
+         ->  Seq Scan on atest12
+               Filter: (b <<< 5)
+   ->  Seq Scan on atest12 atest12_1
+         Filter: (b <<< 5)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Now regress_priv_user1 grants sufficient access to regress_priv_user2.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT (a, b) ON atest12 TO PUBLIC;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+-- regress_priv_user2 should continue to get a good row estimate.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12v x, atest12v y WHERE x.a = y.b;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on atest12 atest12_1
+         Filter: (b <<< 5)
+   ->  Index Scan using atest12_a_idx on atest12
+         Index Cond: (a = atest12_1.b)
+         Filter: (b <<< 5)
+(6 rows)
+
+-- But not for this, due to lack of table-wide permissions needed
+-- to make use of the expression index's statistics.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12 x, atest12 y
+  WHERE x.a = y.b and abs(y.a) <<< 5;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (x.a = y.b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on atest12 x
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on atest12 y
+               Filter: (abs(a) <<< 5)
+(6 rows)
+
+-- clean up (regress_priv_user1's objects are all dropped later)
+DROP FUNCTION leak2(integer, integer) CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to operator >>>(integer,integer)
+-- groups
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+CREATE TABLE atest3 (one int, two int, three int);
+GRANT DELETE ON atest3 TO GROUP regress_priv_group2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+SELECT * FROM atest3; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest3
+DELETE FROM atest3; -- ok
+BEGIN;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+ALTER ROLE regress_priv_user1 NOINHERIT;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+DELETE FROM atest3;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest3
+ROLLBACK;
+-- views
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+CREATE VIEW atestv1 AS SELECT * FROM atest1; -- ok
+/* The next *should* fail, but it's not implemented that way yet. */
+CREATE VIEW atestv2 AS SELECT * FROM atest2;
+CREATE VIEW atestv3 AS SELECT * FROM atest3; -- ok
+/* Empty view is a corner case that failed in 9.2. */
+CREATE VIEW atestv0 AS SELECT 0 as x WHERE false; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atestv1; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | two
+ 1 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM atestv2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+GRANT SELECT ON atestv1, atestv3 TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT SELECT ON atestv2 TO regress_priv_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT * FROM atestv1; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | two
+ 1 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM atestv2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for view atestv2
+SELECT * FROM atestv3; -- ok
+ one | two | three 
+-----+-----+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM atestv0; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for view atestv0
+-- Appendrels excluded by constraints failed to check permissions in 8.4-9.2.
+select * from
+  ((select a.q1 as x from int8_tbl a offset 0)
+   union all
+   (select b.q2 as x from int8_tbl b offset 0)) ss
+where false;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table int8_tbl
+set constraint_exclusion = on;
+select * from
+  ((select a.q1 as x, random() from int8_tbl a where q1 > 0)
+   union all
+   (select b.q2 as x, random() from int8_tbl b where q2 > 0)) ss
+where x < 0;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table int8_tbl
+reset constraint_exclusion;
+CREATE VIEW atestv4 AS SELECT * FROM atestv3; -- nested view
+SELECT * FROM atestv4; -- ok
+ one | two | three 
+-----+-----+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+GRANT SELECT ON atestv4 TO regress_priv_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+-- Two complex cases:
+SELECT * FROM atestv3; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for view atestv3
+SELECT * FROM atestv4; -- ok (even though regress_priv_user2 cannot access underlying atestv3)
+ one | two | three 
+-----+-----+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM atest2; -- ok
+ col1 | col2 
+------+------
+ bar  | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM atestv2; -- fail (even though regress_priv_user2 can access underlying atest2)
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+-- Test column level permissions
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE TABLE atest5 (one int, two int unique, three int, four int unique);
+CREATE TABLE atest6 (one int, two int, blue int);
+GRANT SELECT (one), INSERT (two), UPDATE (three) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT ALL (one) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user3;
+INSERT INTO atest5 VALUES (1,2,3);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT * FROM atest5; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT one FROM atest5; -- ok
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+COPY atest5 (one) TO stdout; -- ok
+1
+SELECT two FROM atest5; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+COPY atest5 (two) TO stdout; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT atest5 FROM atest5; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+COPY atest5 (one,two) TO stdout; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT 1 FROM atest5; -- ok
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 1 FROM atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one); -- ok
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 1 FROM atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (two); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT 1 FROM atest5 a NATURAL JOIN atest5 b; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT * FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)) j; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT j.* FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)) j; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT (j.*) IS NULL FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)) j; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT one FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- ok
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT j.one FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- ok
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT two FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT j.two FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT y FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT j.y FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT * FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT a.* FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT (a.*) IS NULL FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT two FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT a.two FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT y FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT b.y FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT y FROM (atest5 a LEFT JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT b.y FROM (atest5 a LEFT JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT y FROM (atest5 a FULL JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT b.y FROM (atest5 a FULL JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT 1 FROM atest5 WHERE two = 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT * FROM atest1, atest5; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT atest1.* FROM atest1, atest5; -- ok
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | two
+ 1 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT atest1.*,atest5.one FROM atest1, atest5; -- ok
+ a |  b  | one 
+---+-----+-----
+ 1 | two |   1
+ 1 | two |   1
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT atest1.*,atest5.one FROM atest1 JOIN atest5 ON (atest1.a = atest5.two); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT atest1.*,atest5.one FROM atest1 JOIN atest5 ON (atest1.a = atest5.one); -- ok
+ a |  b  | one 
+---+-----+-----
+ 1 | two |   1
+ 1 | two |   1
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT one, two FROM atest5; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT (one,two) ON atest6 TO regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT one, two FROM atest5 NATURAL JOIN atest6; -- fail still
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT (two) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT one, two FROM atest5 NATURAL JOIN atest6; -- ok now
+ one | two 
+-----+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- test column-level privileges for INSERT and UPDATE
+INSERT INTO atest5 (two) VALUES (3); -- ok
+COPY atest5 FROM stdin; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+COPY atest5 (two) FROM stdin; -- ok
+INSERT INTO atest5 (three) VALUES (4); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+INSERT INTO atest5 VALUES (5,5,5); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+UPDATE atest5 SET three = 10; -- ok
+UPDATE atest5 SET one = 8; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+UPDATE atest5 SET three = 5, one = 2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+-- Check that column level privs are enforced in RETURNING
+-- Ok.
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = 10;
+-- Error. No SELECT on column three.
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = 10 RETURNING atest5.three;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+-- Ok.  May SELECT on column "one":
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = 10 RETURNING atest5.one;
+ one 
+-----
+    
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check that column level privileges are enforced for EXCLUDED
+-- Ok. we may select one
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = EXCLUDED.one;
+-- Error. No select rights on three
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = EXCLUDED.three;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set one = 8; -- fails (due to UPDATE)
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+INSERT INTO atest5(three) VALUES (4) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = 10; -- fails (due to INSERT)
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+-- Check that the columns in the inference require select privileges
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT INSERT (four) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4) ON CONFLICT (four) DO UPDATE set three = 3; -- fails (due to SELECT)
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT atest5_four_key DO UPDATE set three = 3; -- fails (due to SELECT)
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4); -- ok
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT (four) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4) ON CONFLICT (four) DO UPDATE set three = 3; -- ok
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT atest5_four_key DO UPDATE set three = 3; -- ok
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+REVOKE ALL (one) ON atest5 FROM regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT SELECT (one,two,blue) ON atest6 TO regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT one FROM atest5; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+UPDATE atest5 SET one = 1; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SELECT atest6 FROM atest6; -- ok
+ atest6 
+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+COPY atest6 TO stdout; -- ok
+-- test column privileges with MERGE
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE TABLE mtarget (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE msource (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO mtarget VALUES (1, 'init1'), (2, 'init2');
+INSERT INTO msource VALUES (1, 'source1'), (2, 'source2'), (3, 'source3');
+GRANT SELECT (a) ON msource TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT SELECT (a) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT INSERT (a,b) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT UPDATE (b) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+--
+-- test source privileges
+--
+-- fail (no SELECT priv on s.b)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = s.b
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
+ERROR:  permission denied for table msource
+-- fail (s.b used in the INSERTed values)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = 'x'
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b);
+ERROR:  permission denied for table msource
+-- fail (s.b used in the WHEN quals)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.b = 'x' THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = 'x'
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
+ERROR:  permission denied for table msource
+-- this should be ok since only s.a is accessed
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = 'ok'
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
+ROLLBACK;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT (b) ON msource TO regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+-- should now be ok
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = s.b
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b);
+ROLLBACK;
+--
+-- test target privileges
+--
+-- fail (no SELECT priv on t.b)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = t.b
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
+ERROR:  permission denied for table mtarget
+-- fail (no UPDATE on t.a)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = s.b, a = t.a + 1
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b);
+ERROR:  permission denied for table mtarget
+-- fail (no SELECT on t.b)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = s.b
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b);
+ERROR:  permission denied for table mtarget
+-- ok
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = s.b;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- fail (no DELETE)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
+	DELETE;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table mtarget
+-- grant delete privileges
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT DELETE ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
+-- should be ok now
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
+	DELETE;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- check error reporting with column privs
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int check (c3 < 5), primary key (c1, c2));
+GRANT SELECT (c1) ON t1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT INSERT (c1, c2, c3) ON t1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (c1, c2, c3) ON t1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+-- seed data
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 1, 1);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 2, 1);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2, 1, 2);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2, 2, 2);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (3, 1, 3);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+INSERT INTO t1 (c1, c2) VALUES (1, 1); -- fail, but row not shown
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "t1_pkey"
+UPDATE t1 SET c2 = 1; -- fail, but row not shown
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "t1_pkey"
+INSERT INTO t1 (c1, c2) VALUES (null, null); -- fail, but see columns being inserted
+ERROR:  null value in column "c1" of relation "t1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (c1, c2) = (null, null).
+INSERT INTO t1 (c3) VALUES (null); -- fail, but see columns being inserted or have SELECT
+ERROR:  null value in column "c1" of relation "t1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (c1, c3) = (null, null).
+INSERT INTO t1 (c1) VALUES (5); -- fail, but see columns being inserted or have SELECT
+ERROR:  null value in column "c2" of relation "t1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (c1) = (5).
+UPDATE t1 SET c3 = 10; -- fail, but see columns with SELECT rights, or being modified
+ERROR:  new row for relation "t1" violates check constraint "t1_c3_check"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (c1, c3) = (1, 10).
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+DROP TABLE t1;
+-- check error reporting with column privs on a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE errtst(a text, b text NOT NULL, c text, secret1 text, secret2 text) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE errtst_part_1(secret2 text, c text, a text, b text NOT NULL, secret1 text);
+CREATE TABLE errtst_part_2(secret1 text, secret2 text, a text, c text, b text NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE errtst ATTACH PARTITION errtst_part_1 FOR VALUES IN ('aaa');
+ALTER TABLE errtst ATTACH PARTITION errtst_part_2 FOR VALUES IN ('aaaa');
+GRANT SELECT (a, b, c) ON TABLE errtst TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (a, b, c) ON TABLE errtst TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT INSERT (a, b, c) ON TABLE errtst TO regress_priv_user2;
+INSERT INTO errtst_part_1 (a, b, c, secret1, secret2)
+VALUES ('aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc', 'the body', 'is in the attic');
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+-- Perform a few updates that violate the NOT NULL constraint. Make sure
+-- the error messages don't leak the secret fields.
+-- simple insert.
+INSERT INTO errtst (a, b) VALUES ('aaa', NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "b" of relation "errtst_part_1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, b, c) = (aaa, null, null).
+-- simple update.
+UPDATE errtst SET b = NULL;
+ERROR:  null value in column "b" of relation "errtst_part_1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, b, c) = (aaa, null, ccc).
+-- partitioning key is updated, doesn't move the row.
+UPDATE errtst SET a = 'aaa', b = NULL;
+ERROR:  null value in column "b" of relation "errtst_part_1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, b, c) = (aaa, null, ccc).
+-- row is moved to another partition.
+UPDATE errtst SET a = 'aaaa', b = NULL;
+ERROR:  null value in column "b" of relation "errtst_part_2" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, b, c) = (aaaa, null, ccc).
+-- row is moved to another partition. This differs from the previous case in
+-- that the new partition is excluded by constraint exclusion, so its
+-- ResultRelInfo is not created at ExecInitModifyTable, but needs to be
+-- constructed on the fly when the updated tuple is routed to it.
+UPDATE errtst SET a = 'aaaa', b = NULL WHERE a = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  null value in column "b" of relation "errtst_part_2" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, b, c) = (aaaa, null, ccc).
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+DROP TABLE errtst;
+-- test column-level privileges when involved with DELETE
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+ALTER TABLE atest6 ADD COLUMN three integer;
+GRANT DELETE ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user3;
+GRANT SELECT (two) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user3;
+REVOKE ALL (one) ON atest5 FROM regress_priv_user3;
+GRANT SELECT (one) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT atest6 FROM atest6; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest6
+SELECT one FROM atest5 NATURAL JOIN atest6; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+ALTER TABLE atest6 DROP COLUMN three;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT atest6 FROM atest6; -- ok
+ atest6 
+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT one FROM atest5 NATURAL JOIN atest6; -- ok
+ one 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+ALTER TABLE atest6 DROP COLUMN two;
+REVOKE SELECT (one,blue) ON atest6 FROM regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT * FROM atest6; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest6
+SELECT 1 FROM atest6; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest6
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+DELETE FROM atest5 WHERE one = 1; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest5
+DELETE FROM atest5 WHERE two = 2; -- ok
+-- check inheritance cases
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE TABLE atestp1 (f1 int, f2 int);
+CREATE TABLE atestp2 (fx int, fy int);
+CREATE TABLE atestc (fz int) INHERITS (atestp1, atestp2);
+GRANT SELECT(fx,fy,tableoid) ON atestp2 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT SELECT(fx) ON atestc TO regress_priv_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT fx FROM atestp2; -- ok
+ fx 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT fy FROM atestp2; -- ok
+ fy 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT atestp2 FROM atestp2; -- ok
+ atestp2 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT tableoid FROM atestp2; -- ok
+ tableoid 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT fy FROM atestc; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atestc
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT(fy,tableoid) ON atestc TO regress_priv_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT fx FROM atestp2; -- still ok
+ fx 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT fy FROM atestp2; -- ok
+ fy 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT atestp2 FROM atestp2; -- ok
+ atestp2 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT tableoid FROM atestp2; -- ok
+ tableoid 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- child's permissions do not apply when operating on parent
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+REVOKE ALL ON atestc FROM regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT ALL ON atestp1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT f2 FROM atestp1; -- ok
+ f2 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT f2 FROM atestc; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atestc
+DELETE FROM atestp1; -- ok
+DELETE FROM atestc; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atestc
+UPDATE atestp1 SET f1 = 1; -- ok
+UPDATE atestc SET f1 = 1; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atestc
+TRUNCATE atestp1; -- ok
+TRUNCATE atestc; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atestc
+BEGIN;
+LOCK atestp1;
+END;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK atestc;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atestc
+END;
+-- privileges on functions, languages
+-- switch to superuser
+\c -
+REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON LANGUAGE sql FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT USAGE ON LANGUAGE sql TO regress_priv_user1; -- ok
+GRANT USAGE ON LANGUAGE c TO PUBLIC; -- fail
+ERROR:  language "c" is not trusted
+DETAIL:  GRANT and REVOKE are not allowed on untrusted languages, because only superusers can use untrusted languages.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT USAGE ON LANGUAGE sql TO regress_priv_user2; -- fail
+WARNING:  no privileges were granted for "sql"
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int) RETURNS int AS 'select 2 * $1;' LANGUAGE sql;
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc2(int) RETURNS int AS 'select 3 * $1;' LANGUAGE sql;
+CREATE AGGREGATE priv_testagg1(int) (sfunc = int4pl, stype = int4);
+CREATE PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int) AS 'select $1;' LANGUAGE sql;
+REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int), priv_testfunc2(int), priv_testagg1(int) FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int), priv_testfunc2(int), priv_testagg1(int) TO regress_priv_user2;
+REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION priv_testproc1(int) FROM PUBLIC; -- fail, not a function
+ERROR:  priv_testproc1(integer) is not a function
+REVOKE ALL ON PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int) FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT EXECUTE ON PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int) TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT USAGE ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int) TO regress_priv_user3; -- semantic error
+ERROR:  invalid privilege type USAGE for function
+GRANT USAGE ON FUNCTION priv_testagg1(int) TO regress_priv_user3; -- semantic error
+ERROR:  invalid privilege type USAGE for function
+GRANT USAGE ON PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int) TO regress_priv_user3; -- semantic error
+ERROR:  invalid privilege type USAGE for procedure
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int) TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc_nosuch(int) TO regress_priv_user4;
+ERROR:  function priv_testfunc_nosuch(integer) does not exist
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON FUNCTION priv_testagg1(int) TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int) TO regress_priv_user4;
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc4(boolean) RETURNS text
+  AS 'select col1 from atest2 where col2 = $1;'
+  LANGUAGE sql SECURITY DEFINER;
+GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc4(boolean) TO regress_priv_user3;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT priv_testfunc1(5), priv_testfunc2(5); -- ok
+ priv_testfunc1 | priv_testfunc2 
+----------------+----------------
+             10 |             15
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc3(int) RETURNS int AS 'select 2 * $1;' LANGUAGE sql; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for language sql
+SELECT priv_testagg1(x) FROM (VALUES (1), (2), (3)) _(x); -- ok
+ priv_testagg1 
+---------------
+             6
+(1 row)
+
+CALL priv_testproc1(6); -- ok
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+SELECT priv_testfunc1(5); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for function priv_testfunc1
+SELECT priv_testagg1(x) FROM (VALUES (1), (2), (3)) _(x); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for aggregate priv_testagg1
+CALL priv_testproc1(6); -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for procedure priv_testproc1
+SELECT col1 FROM atest2 WHERE col2 = true; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest2
+SELECT priv_testfunc4(true); -- ok
+ priv_testfunc4 
+----------------
+ bar
+(1 row)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT priv_testfunc1(5); -- ok
+ priv_testfunc1 
+----------------
+             10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT priv_testagg1(x) FROM (VALUES (1), (2), (3)) _(x); -- ok
+ priv_testagg1 
+---------------
+             6
+(1 row)
+
+CALL priv_testproc1(6); -- ok
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int); -- fail
+ERROR:  must be owner of function priv_testfunc1
+DROP AGGREGATE priv_testagg1(int); -- fail
+ERROR:  must be owner of aggregate priv_testagg1
+DROP PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int); -- fail
+ERROR:  must be owner of procedure priv_testproc1
+\c -
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int); -- ok
+-- restore to sanity
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON LANGUAGE sql TO PUBLIC;
+-- verify privilege checks on array-element coercions
+BEGIN;
+SELECT '{1}'::int4[]::int8[];
+ int8 
+------
+ {1}
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION int8(integer) FROM PUBLIC;
+SELECT '{1}'::int4[]::int8[]; --superuser, succeed
+ int8 
+------
+ {1}
+(1 row)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT '{1}'::int4[]::int8[]; --other user, fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for function int8
+ROLLBACK;
+-- privileges on types
+-- switch to superuser
+\c -
+CREATE TYPE priv_testtype1 AS (a int, b text);
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE priv_testtype1 FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT USAGE ON TYPE priv_testtype1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT USAGE ON TYPE _priv_testtype1 TO regress_priv_user2; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot set privileges of array types
+HINT:  Set the privileges of the element type instead.
+GRANT USAGE ON DOMAIN priv_testtype1 TO regress_priv_user2; -- fail
+ERROR:  "priv_testtype1" is not a domain
+CREATE DOMAIN priv_testdomain1 AS int;
+REVOKE USAGE on DOMAIN priv_testdomain1 FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT USAGE ON DOMAIN priv_testdomain1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT USAGE ON TYPE priv_testdomain1 TO regress_priv_user2; -- ok
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+-- commands that should fail
+CREATE AGGREGATE priv_testagg1a(priv_testdomain1) (sfunc = int4_sum, stype = bigint);
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+CREATE DOMAIN priv_testdomain2a AS priv_testdomain1;
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+CREATE DOMAIN priv_testdomain3a AS int;
+CREATE FUNCTION castfunc(int) RETURNS priv_testdomain3a AS $$ SELECT $1::priv_testdomain3a $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE CAST (priv_testdomain1 AS priv_testdomain3a) WITH FUNCTION castfunc(int);
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+DROP FUNCTION castfunc(int) CASCADE;
+DROP DOMAIN priv_testdomain3a;
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc5a(a priv_testdomain1) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT $1 $$;
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc6a(b int) RETURNS priv_testdomain1 LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT $1::priv_testdomain1 $$;
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+CREATE OPERATOR !+! (PROCEDURE = int4pl, LEFTARG = priv_testdomain1, RIGHTARG = priv_testdomain1);
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+CREATE TABLE test5a (a int, b priv_testdomain1);
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+CREATE TABLE test6a OF priv_testtype1;
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testtype1
+CREATE TABLE test10a (a int[], b priv_testtype1[]);
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testtype1
+CREATE TABLE test9a (a int, b int);
+ALTER TABLE test9a ADD COLUMN c priv_testdomain1;
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+ALTER TABLE test9a ALTER COLUMN b TYPE priv_testdomain1;
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+CREATE TYPE test7a AS (a int, b priv_testdomain1);
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+CREATE TYPE test8a AS (a int, b int);
+ALTER TYPE test8a ADD ATTRIBUTE c priv_testdomain1;
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+ALTER TYPE test8a ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE priv_testdomain1;
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+CREATE TABLE test11a AS (SELECT 1::priv_testdomain1 AS a);
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testdomain1
+REVOKE ALL ON TYPE priv_testtype1 FROM PUBLIC;
+ERROR:  permission denied for type priv_testtype1
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+-- commands that should succeed
+CREATE AGGREGATE priv_testagg1b(priv_testdomain1) (sfunc = int4_sum, stype = bigint);
+CREATE DOMAIN priv_testdomain2b AS priv_testdomain1;
+CREATE DOMAIN priv_testdomain3b AS int;
+CREATE FUNCTION castfunc(int) RETURNS priv_testdomain3b AS $$ SELECT $1::priv_testdomain3b $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE CAST (priv_testdomain1 AS priv_testdomain3b) WITH FUNCTION castfunc(int);
+WARNING:  cast will be ignored because the source data type is a domain
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc5b(a priv_testdomain1) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT $1 $$;
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc6b(b int) RETURNS priv_testdomain1 LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT $1::priv_testdomain1 $$;
+CREATE OPERATOR !! (PROCEDURE = priv_testfunc5b, RIGHTARG = priv_testdomain1);
+CREATE TABLE test5b (a int, b priv_testdomain1);
+CREATE TABLE test6b OF priv_testtype1;
+CREATE TABLE test10b (a int[], b priv_testtype1[]);
+CREATE TABLE test9b (a int, b int);
+ALTER TABLE test9b ADD COLUMN c priv_testdomain1;
+ALTER TABLE test9b ALTER COLUMN b TYPE priv_testdomain1;
+CREATE TYPE test7b AS (a int, b priv_testdomain1);
+CREATE TYPE test8b AS (a int, b int);
+ALTER TYPE test8b ADD ATTRIBUTE c priv_testdomain1;
+ALTER TYPE test8b ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE priv_testdomain1;
+CREATE TABLE test11b AS (SELECT 1::priv_testdomain1 AS a);
+REVOKE ALL ON TYPE priv_testtype1 FROM PUBLIC;
+WARNING:  no privileges could be revoked for "priv_testtype1"
+\c -
+DROP AGGREGATE priv_testagg1b(priv_testdomain1);
+DROP DOMAIN priv_testdomain2b;
+DROP OPERATOR !! (NONE, priv_testdomain1);
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc5b(a priv_testdomain1);
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc6b(b int);
+DROP TABLE test5b;
+DROP TABLE test6b;
+DROP TABLE test9b;
+DROP TABLE test10b;
+DROP TYPE test7b;
+DROP TYPE test8b;
+DROP CAST (priv_testdomain1 AS priv_testdomain3b);
+DROP FUNCTION castfunc(int) CASCADE;
+DROP DOMAIN priv_testdomain3b;
+DROP TABLE test11b;
+DROP TYPE priv_testtype1; -- ok
+DROP DOMAIN priv_testdomain1; -- ok
+-- truncate
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user5;
+TRUNCATE atest2; -- ok
+TRUNCATE atest3; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table atest3
+-- has_table_privilege function
+-- bad-input checks
+select has_table_privilege(NULL,'pg_authid','select');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege('pg_shad','select');
+ERROR:  relation "pg_shad" does not exist
+select has_table_privilege('nosuchuser','pg_authid','select');
+ERROR:  role "nosuchuser" does not exist
+select has_table_privilege('pg_authid','sel');
+ERROR:  unrecognized privilege type: "sel"
+select has_table_privilege(-999999,'pg_authid','update');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(1,'select');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- superuser
+\c -
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'pg_authid','select');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'pg_authid','insert');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'pg_authid','update')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'pg_authid','delete')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- 'rule' privilege no longer exists, but for backwards compatibility
+-- has_table_privilege still recognizes the keyword and says FALSE
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,t1.oid,'rule')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,t1.oid,'references')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'insert')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege('pg_authid','update');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege('pg_authid','delete');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege('pg_authid','truncate');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'trigger')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- non-superuser
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'pg_class','select');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'pg_class','insert');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'pg_class','update')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'pg_class','delete')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,t1.oid,'references')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') as t1;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'insert')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege('pg_class','update');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege('pg_class','delete');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege('pg_class','truncate');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') as t1;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'trigger')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') as t1;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'atest1','select');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'atest1','insert');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'atest1','update')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'atest1','delete')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,t1.oid,'references')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'atest1') as t1;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'atest1') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'insert')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'atest1') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege('atest1','update');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege('atest1','delete');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege('atest1','truncate');
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'atest1') as t1;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'trigger')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'atest1') as t1;
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- has_column_privilege function
+-- bad-input checks (as non-super-user)
+select has_column_privilege('pg_authid',NULL,'select');
+ has_column_privilege 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select has_column_privilege('pg_authid','nosuchcol','select');
+ERROR:  column "nosuchcol" of relation "pg_authid" does not exist
+select has_column_privilege(9999,'nosuchcol','select');
+ has_column_privilege 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select has_column_privilege(9999,99::int2,'select');
+ has_column_privilege 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select has_column_privilege('pg_authid',99::int2,'select');
+ has_column_privilege 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select has_column_privilege(9999,99::int2,'select');
+ has_column_privilege 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+create temp table mytable(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int);
+alter table mytable drop column f2;
+select has_column_privilege('mytable','f2','select');
+ERROR:  column "f2" of relation "mytable" does not exist
+select has_column_privilege('mytable','........pg.dropped.2........','select');
+ has_column_privilege 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select has_column_privilege('mytable',2::int2,'select');
+ has_column_privilege 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select has_column_privilege('mytable',99::int2,'select');
+ has_column_privilege 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+revoke select on table mytable from regress_priv_user3;
+select has_column_privilege('mytable',2::int2,'select');
+ has_column_privilege 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select has_column_privilege('mytable',99::int2,'select');
+ has_column_privilege 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+drop table mytable;
+-- Grant options
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE TABLE atest4 (a int);
+GRANT SELECT ON atest4 TO regress_priv_user2 WITH GRANT OPTION;
+GRANT UPDATE ON atest4 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT SELECT ON atest4 TO GROUP regress_priv_group1 WITH GRANT OPTION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT SELECT ON atest4 TO regress_priv_user3;
+GRANT UPDATE ON atest4 TO regress_priv_user3; -- fail
+WARNING:  no privileges were granted for "atest4"
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+REVOKE SELECT ON atest4 FROM regress_priv_user3; -- does nothing
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user3', 'atest4', 'SELECT'); -- true
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE SELECT ON atest4 FROM regress_priv_user2; -- fail
+ERROR:  dependent privileges exist
+HINT:  Use CASCADE to revoke them too.
+REVOKE GRANT OPTION FOR SELECT ON atest4 FROM regress_priv_user2 CASCADE; -- ok
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'atest4', 'SELECT'); -- true
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user3', 'atest4', 'SELECT'); -- false
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'atest4', 'SELECT WITH GRANT OPTION'); -- true
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- security-restricted operations
+\c -
+CREATE ROLE regress_sro_user;
+-- Check that index expressions and predicates are run as the table's owner
+-- A dummy index function checking current_user
+CREATE FUNCTION sro_ifun(int) RETURNS int AS $$
+BEGIN
+	-- Below we set the table's owner to regress_sro_user
+	ASSERT current_user = 'regress_sro_user',
+		format('sro_ifun(%s) called by %s', $1, current_user);
+	RETURN $1;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE;
+-- Create a table owned by regress_sro_user
+CREATE TABLE sro_tab (a int);
+ALTER TABLE sro_tab OWNER TO regress_sro_user;
+INSERT INTO sro_tab VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+-- Create an expression index with a predicate
+CREATE INDEX sro_idx ON sro_tab ((sro_ifun(a) + sro_ifun(0)))
+	WHERE sro_ifun(a + 10) > sro_ifun(10);
+DROP INDEX sro_idx;
+-- Do the same concurrently
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY sro_idx ON sro_tab ((sro_ifun(a) + sro_ifun(0)))
+	WHERE sro_ifun(a + 10) > sro_ifun(10);
+-- REINDEX
+REINDEX TABLE sro_tab;
+REINDEX INDEX sro_idx;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY sro_tab;
+DROP INDEX sro_idx;
+-- CLUSTER
+CREATE INDEX sro_cluster_idx ON sro_tab ((sro_ifun(a) + sro_ifun(0)));
+CLUSTER sro_tab USING sro_cluster_idx;
+DROP INDEX sro_cluster_idx;
+-- BRIN index
+CREATE INDEX sro_brin ON sro_tab USING brin ((sro_ifun(a) + sro_ifun(0)));
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('sro_brin', 0);
+ brin_desummarize_range 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('sro_brin', 0);
+ brin_summarize_range 
+----------------------
+                    1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE sro_tab;
+-- Check with a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE sro_ptab (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+ALTER TABLE sro_ptab OWNER TO regress_sro_user;
+CREATE TABLE sro_part PARTITION OF sro_ptab FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+ALTER TABLE sro_part OWNER TO regress_sro_user;
+INSERT INTO sro_ptab VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+CREATE INDEX sro_pidx ON sro_ptab ((sro_ifun(a) + sro_ifun(0)))
+	WHERE sro_ifun(a + 10) > sro_ifun(10);
+REINDEX TABLE sro_ptab;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY sro_pidx;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_sro_user;
+CREATE FUNCTION unwanted_grant() RETURNS void LANGUAGE sql AS
+	'GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_sro_user';
+CREATE FUNCTION mv_action() RETURNS bool LANGUAGE sql AS
+	'DECLARE c CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT unwanted_grant(); SELECT true';
+-- REFRESH of this MV will queue a GRANT at end of transaction
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv AS SELECT mv_action() WITH NO DATA;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv;
+ERROR:  cannot create a cursor WITH HOLD within security-restricted operation
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "mv_action" statement 1
+\c -
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv;
+ERROR:  cannot create a cursor WITH HOLD within security-restricted operation
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "mv_action" statement 1
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_sro_user;
+-- INSERT to this table will queue a GRANT at end of transaction
+CREATE TABLE sro_trojan_table ();
+CREATE FUNCTION sro_trojan() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
+	'BEGIN PERFORM unwanted_grant(); RETURN NULL; END';
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER t AFTER INSERT ON sro_trojan_table
+    INITIALLY DEFERRED FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE sro_trojan();
+-- Now, REFRESH will issue such an INSERT, queueing the GRANT
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION mv_action() RETURNS bool LANGUAGE sql AS
+	'INSERT INTO sro_trojan_table DEFAULT VALUES; SELECT true';
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv;
+ERROR:  cannot fire deferred trigger within security-restricted operation
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "mv_action" statement 1
+\c -
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv;
+ERROR:  cannot fire deferred trigger within security-restricted operation
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "mv_action" statement 1
+BEGIN; SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE; REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv; COMMIT;
+ERROR:  must have admin option on role "regress_priv_group2"
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "unwanted_grant" statement 1
+SQL statement "SELECT unwanted_grant()"
+PL/pgSQL function sro_trojan() line 1 at PERFORM
+SQL function "mv_action" statement 1
+-- REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY use of eval_const_expressions()
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_sro_user;
+CREATE FUNCTION unwanted_grant_nofail(int) RETURNS int
+	IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+	PERFORM unwanted_grant();
+	RAISE WARNING 'owned';
+	RETURN 1;
+EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
+	RETURN 2;
+END$$;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_index_mv AS SELECT 1 AS c;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON sro_index_mv (c) WHERE unwanted_grant_nofail(1) > 0;
+\c -
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY sro_index_mv;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_index_mv;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_sro_user;
+DROP ROLE regress_sro_user;
+-- Admin options
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+CREATE FUNCTION dogrant_ok() RETURNS void LANGUAGE sql SECURITY DEFINER AS
+	'GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5';
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5; -- ok: had ADMIN OPTION
+SET ROLE regress_priv_group2;
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5; -- fails: SET ROLE suspended privilege
+ERROR:  must have admin option on role "regress_priv_group2"
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5; -- fails: no ADMIN OPTION
+ERROR:  must have admin option on role "regress_priv_group2"
+SELECT dogrant_ok();			-- ok: SECURITY DEFINER conveys ADMIN
+NOTICE:  role "regress_priv_user5" is already a member of role "regress_priv_group2"
+ dogrant_ok 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SET ROLE regress_priv_group2;
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5; -- fails: SET ROLE did not help
+ERROR:  must have admin option on role "regress_priv_group2"
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_group2;
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5; -- fails: no self-admin
+ERROR:  must have admin option on role "regress_priv_group2"
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+DROP FUNCTION dogrant_ok();
+REVOKE regress_priv_group2 FROM regress_priv_user5;
+-- has_sequence_privilege tests
+\c -
+CREATE SEQUENCE x_seq;
+GRANT USAGE on x_seq to regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT has_sequence_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'atest1', 'SELECT');
+ERROR:  "atest1" is not a sequence
+SELECT has_sequence_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'x_seq', 'INSERT');
+ERROR:  unrecognized privilege type: "INSERT"
+SELECT has_sequence_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'x_seq', 'SELECT');
+ has_sequence_privilege 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT has_sequence_privilege('x_seq', 'USAGE');
+ has_sequence_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- largeobject privilege tests
+\c -
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+SELECT lo_create(1001);
+ lo_create 
+-----------
+      1001
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_create(1002);
+ lo_create 
+-----------
+      1002
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_create(1003);
+ lo_create 
+-----------
+      1003
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_create(1004);
+ lo_create 
+-----------
+      1004
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_create(1005);
+ lo_create 
+-----------
+      1005
+(1 row)
+
+GRANT ALL ON LARGE OBJECT 1001 TO PUBLIC;
+GRANT SELECT ON LARGE OBJECT 1003 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT SELECT,UPDATE ON LARGE OBJECT 1004 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT ALL ON LARGE OBJECT 1005 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT SELECT ON LARGE OBJECT 1005 TO regress_priv_user2 WITH GRANT OPTION;
+GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON LARGE OBJECT 1001 TO PUBLIC;	-- to be failed
+ERROR:  invalid privilege type INSERT for large object
+GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON LARGE OBJECT 1001 TO nosuchuser;	-- to be failed
+ERROR:  role "nosuchuser" does not exist
+GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON LARGE OBJECT  999 TO PUBLIC;	-- to be failed
+ERROR:  large object 999 does not exist
+\c -
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT lo_create(2001);
+ lo_create 
+-----------
+      2001
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_create(2002);
+ lo_create 
+-----------
+      2002
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1001, x'20000'::int), 32);	-- allowed, for now
+ loread 
+--------
+ \x
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1001, x'40000'::int), 'abcd');	-- fail, wrong mode
+ERROR:  large object descriptor 0 was not opened for writing
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1001, x'40000'::int), 32);
+ loread 
+--------
+ \x
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1002, x'40000'::int), 32);	-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for large object 1002
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1003, x'40000'::int), 32);
+ loread 
+--------
+ \x
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1004, x'40000'::int), 32);
+ loread 
+--------
+ \x
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1001, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');
+ lowrite 
+---------
+       4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1002, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');	-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for large object 1002
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1003, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');	-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for large object 1003
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1004, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');
+ lowrite 
+---------
+       4
+(1 row)
+
+GRANT SELECT ON LARGE OBJECT 1005 TO regress_priv_user3;
+GRANT UPDATE ON LARGE OBJECT 1006 TO regress_priv_user3;	-- to be denied
+ERROR:  large object 1006 does not exist
+REVOKE ALL ON LARGE OBJECT 2001, 2002 FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT ALL ON LARGE OBJECT 2001 TO regress_priv_user3;
+SELECT lo_unlink(1001);		-- to be denied
+ERROR:  must be owner of large object 1001
+SELECT lo_unlink(2002);
+ lo_unlink 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+\c -
+-- confirm ACL setting
+SELECT oid, pg_get_userbyid(lomowner) ownername, lomacl FROM pg_largeobject_metadata WHERE oid >= 1000 AND oid < 3000 ORDER BY oid;
+ oid  |     ownername      |                                                            lomacl                                                            
+------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1001 | regress_priv_user1 | {regress_priv_user1=rw/regress_priv_user1,=rw/regress_priv_user1}
+ 1002 | regress_priv_user1 | 
+ 1003 | regress_priv_user1 | {regress_priv_user1=rw/regress_priv_user1,regress_priv_user2=r/regress_priv_user1}
+ 1004 | regress_priv_user1 | {regress_priv_user1=rw/regress_priv_user1,regress_priv_user2=rw/regress_priv_user1}
+ 1005 | regress_priv_user1 | {regress_priv_user1=rw/regress_priv_user1,regress_priv_user2=r*w/regress_priv_user1,regress_priv_user3=r/regress_priv_user2}
+ 2001 | regress_priv_user2 | {regress_priv_user2=rw/regress_priv_user2,regress_priv_user3=rw/regress_priv_user2}
+(6 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1001, x'40000'::int), 32);
+   loread   
+------------
+ \x61626364
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1003, x'40000'::int), 32);	-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for large object 1003
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1005, x'40000'::int), 32);
+ loread 
+--------
+ \x
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_truncate(lo_open(1005, x'20000'::int), 10);	-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for large object 1005
+SELECT lo_truncate(lo_open(2001, x'20000'::int), 10);
+ lo_truncate 
+-------------
+           0
+(1 row)
+
+-- compatibility mode in largeobject permission
+\c -
+SET lo_compat_privileges = false;	-- default setting
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1002, x'40000'::int), 32);	-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for large object 1002
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1002, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');	-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for large object 1002
+SELECT lo_truncate(lo_open(1002, x'20000'::int), 10);	-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for large object 1002
+SELECT lo_put(1002, 1, 'abcd');				-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for large object 1002
+SELECT lo_unlink(1002);					-- to be denied
+ERROR:  must be owner of large object 1002
+SELECT lo_export(1001, '/dev/null');			-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for function lo_export
+SELECT lo_import('/dev/null');				-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for function lo_import
+SELECT lo_import('/dev/null', 2003);			-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for function lo_import
+\c -
+SET lo_compat_privileges = true;	-- compatibility mode
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1002, x'40000'::int), 32);
+ loread 
+--------
+ \x
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1002, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');
+ lowrite 
+---------
+       4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_truncate(lo_open(1002, x'20000'::int), 10);
+ lo_truncate 
+-------------
+           0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_unlink(1002);
+ lo_unlink 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lo_export(1001, '/dev/null');			-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for function lo_export
+-- don't allow unpriv users to access pg_largeobject contents
+\c -
+SELECT * FROM pg_largeobject LIMIT 0;
+ loid | pageno | data 
+------+--------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+SELECT * FROM pg_largeobject LIMIT 0;			-- to be denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for table pg_largeobject
+-- pg_signal_backend can't signal superusers
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION terminate_nothrow(pid int) RETURNS bool
+	LANGUAGE plpgsql SECURITY DEFINER SET client_min_messages = error AS $$
+BEGIN
+	RETURN pg_terminate_backend($1);
+EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
+	RETURN false;
+END$$;
+ALTER FUNCTION terminate_nothrow OWNER TO pg_signal_backend;
+SELECT backend_type FROM pg_stat_activity
+WHERE CASE WHEN COALESCE(usesysid, 10) = 10 THEN terminate_nothrow(pid) END;
+ backend_type 
+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- test pg_database_owner
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+GRANT pg_database_owner TO regress_priv_user1;
+ERROR:  role "pg_database_owner" cannot have explicit members
+GRANT regress_priv_user1 TO pg_database_owner;
+ERROR:  role "pg_database_owner" cannot be a member of any role
+CREATE TABLE datdba_only ();
+ALTER TABLE datdba_only OWNER TO pg_database_owner;
+REVOKE DELETE ON datdba_only FROM pg_database_owner;
+SELECT
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner', 'USAGE') as priv,
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner', 'MEMBER') as mem,
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner',
+				'MEMBER WITH ADMIN OPTION') as admin;
+ priv | mem | admin 
+------+-----+-------
+ f    | f   | f
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+DO $$BEGIN EXECUTE format(
+	'ALTER DATABASE %I OWNER TO regress_priv_group2', current_catalog); END$$;
+SELECT
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner', 'USAGE') as priv,
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner', 'MEMBER') as mem,
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner',
+				'MEMBER WITH ADMIN OPTION') as admin;
+ priv | mem | admin 
+------+-----+-------
+ t    | t   | f
+(1 row)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+TABLE information_schema.enabled_roles ORDER BY role_name COLLATE "C";
+      role_name      
+---------------------
+ pg_database_owner
+ regress_priv_group2
+ regress_priv_user1
+(3 rows)
+
+TABLE information_schema.applicable_roles ORDER BY role_name COLLATE "C";
+       grantee       |      role_name      | is_grantable 
+---------------------+---------------------+--------------
+ regress_priv_group2 | pg_database_owner   | NO
+ regress_priv_user1  | regress_priv_group2 | NO
+(2 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO datdba_only DEFAULT VALUES;
+SAVEPOINT q; DELETE FROM datdba_only; ROLLBACK TO q;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table datdba_only
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+TABLE information_schema.enabled_roles;
+     role_name      
+--------------------
+ regress_priv_user2
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO datdba_only DEFAULT VALUES;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table datdba_only
+ROLLBACK;
+-- test default ACLs
+\c -
+CREATE SCHEMA testns;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA testns TO regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE TABLE testns.acltest1 (x int);
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'SELECT'); -- no
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'INSERT'); -- no
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- placeholder for test with duplicated schema and role names
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns,testns GRANT SELECT ON TABLES TO public,public;
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'SELECT'); -- no
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'INSERT'); -- no
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE testns.acltest1;
+CREATE TABLE testns.acltest1 (x int);
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'SELECT'); -- yes
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'INSERT'); -- no
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns GRANT INSERT ON TABLES TO regress_priv_user1;
+DROP TABLE testns.acltest1;
+CREATE TABLE testns.acltest1 (x int);
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'SELECT'); -- yes
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'INSERT'); -- yes
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns REVOKE INSERT ON TABLES FROM regress_priv_user1;
+DROP TABLE testns.acltest1;
+CREATE TABLE testns.acltest1 (x int);
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'SELECT'); -- yes
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'INSERT'); -- no
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_priv_user1 REVOKE EXECUTE ON FUNCTIONS FROM public;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMAS TO regress_priv_user2; -- error
+ERROR:  cannot use IN SCHEMA clause when using GRANT/REVOKE ON SCHEMAS
+--
+-- Testing blanket default grants is very hazardous since it might change
+-- the privileges attached to objects created by concurrent regression tests.
+-- To avoid that, be sure to revoke the privileges again before committing.
+--
+BEGIN;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMAS TO regress_priv_user2;
+CREATE SCHEMA testns2;
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns2', 'USAGE'); -- yes
+ has_schema_privilege 
+----------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user6', 'testns2', 'USAGE'); -- yes
+ has_schema_privilege 
+----------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns2', 'CREATE'); -- no
+ has_schema_privilege 
+----------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMAS FROM regress_priv_user2;
+CREATE SCHEMA testns3;
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns3', 'USAGE'); -- no
+ has_schema_privilege 
+----------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns3', 'CREATE'); -- no
+ has_schema_privilege 
+----------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON SCHEMAS TO regress_priv_user2;
+CREATE SCHEMA testns4;
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns4', 'USAGE'); -- yes
+ has_schema_privilege 
+----------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns4', 'CREATE'); -- yes
+ has_schema_privilege 
+----------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMAS FROM regress_priv_user2;
+COMMIT;
+-- Test for DROP OWNED BY with shared dependencies.  This is done in a
+-- separate, rollbacked, transaction to avoid any trouble with other
+-- regression sessions.
+BEGIN;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON FUNCTIONS TO regress_priv_user2;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON SCHEMAS TO regress_priv_user2;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON SEQUENCES TO regress_priv_user2;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON TABLES TO regress_priv_user2;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON TYPES TO regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_shdepend
+  WHERE deptype = 'a' AND
+        refobjid = 'regress_priv_user2'::regrole AND
+	classid = 'pg_default_acl'::regclass;
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+DROP OWNED BY regress_priv_user2, regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_shdepend
+  WHERE deptype = 'a' AND
+        refobjid = 'regress_priv_user2'::regrole AND
+	classid = 'pg_default_acl'::regclass;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+CREATE SCHEMA testns5;
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns5', 'USAGE'); -- no
+ has_schema_privilege 
+----------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns5', 'CREATE'); -- no
+ has_schema_privilege 
+----------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SET ROLE regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE FUNCTION testns.foo() RETURNS int AS 'select 1' LANGUAGE sql;
+CREATE AGGREGATE testns.agg1(int) (sfunc = int4pl, stype = int4);
+CREATE PROCEDURE testns.bar() AS 'select 1' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.foo()', 'EXECUTE'); -- no
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.agg1(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- no
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.bar()', 'EXECUTE'); -- no
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns GRANT EXECUTE ON ROUTINES to public;
+DROP FUNCTION testns.foo();
+CREATE FUNCTION testns.foo() RETURNS int AS 'select 1' LANGUAGE sql;
+DROP AGGREGATE testns.agg1(int);
+CREATE AGGREGATE testns.agg1(int) (sfunc = int4pl, stype = int4);
+DROP PROCEDURE testns.bar();
+CREATE PROCEDURE testns.bar() AS 'select 1' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.foo()', 'EXECUTE'); -- yes
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.agg1(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- yes
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.bar()', 'EXECUTE'); -- yes (counts as function here)
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION testns.foo();
+DROP AGGREGATE testns.agg1(int);
+DROP PROCEDURE testns.bar();
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_priv_user1 REVOKE USAGE ON TYPES FROM public;
+CREATE DOMAIN testns.priv_testdomain1 AS int;
+SELECT has_type_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.priv_testdomain1', 'USAGE'); -- no
+ has_type_privilege 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns GRANT USAGE ON TYPES to public;
+DROP DOMAIN testns.priv_testdomain1;
+CREATE DOMAIN testns.priv_testdomain1 AS int;
+SELECT has_type_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.priv_testdomain1', 'USAGE'); -- yes
+ has_type_privilege 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP DOMAIN testns.priv_testdomain1;
+RESET ROLE;
+SELECT count(*)
+  FROM pg_default_acl d LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON defaclnamespace = n.oid
+  WHERE nspname = 'testns';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+DROP SCHEMA testns CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table testns.acltest1
+DROP SCHEMA testns2 CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA testns3 CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA testns4 CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA testns5 CASCADE;
+SELECT d.*     -- check that entries went away
+  FROM pg_default_acl d LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON defaclnamespace = n.oid
+  WHERE nspname IS NULL AND defaclnamespace != 0;
+ oid | defaclrole | defaclnamespace | defaclobjtype | defaclacl 
+-----+------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Grant on all objects of given type in a schema
+\c -
+CREATE SCHEMA testns;
+CREATE TABLE testns.t1 (f1 int);
+CREATE TABLE testns.t2 (f1 int);
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.t1', 'SELECT'); -- false
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+GRANT ALL ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA testns TO regress_priv_user1;
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.t1', 'SELECT'); -- true
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.t2', 'SELECT'); -- true
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE ALL ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA testns FROM regress_priv_user1;
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.t1', 'SELECT'); -- false
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.t2', 'SELECT'); -- false
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION testns.priv_testfunc(int) RETURNS int AS 'select 3 * $1;' LANGUAGE sql;
+CREATE AGGREGATE testns.priv_testagg(int) (sfunc = int4pl, stype = int4);
+CREATE PROCEDURE testns.priv_testproc(int) AS 'select 3' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testfunc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true by default
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testagg(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true by default
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testproc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true by default
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE ALL ON ALL FUNCTIONS IN SCHEMA testns FROM PUBLIC;
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testfunc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- false
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testagg(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- false
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testproc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- still true, not a function
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE ALL ON ALL PROCEDURES IN SCHEMA testns FROM PUBLIC;
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testproc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- now false
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+GRANT ALL ON ALL ROUTINES IN SCHEMA testns TO PUBLIC;
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testfunc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testagg(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testproc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true
+ has_function_privilege 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP SCHEMA testns CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 5 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table testns.t1
+drop cascades to table testns.t2
+drop cascades to function testns.priv_testfunc(integer)
+drop cascades to function testns.priv_testagg(integer)
+drop cascades to function testns.priv_testproc(integer)
+-- Change owner of the schema & and rename of new schema owner
+\c -
+CREATE ROLE regress_schemauser1 superuser login;
+CREATE ROLE regress_schemauser2 superuser login;
+SET SESSION ROLE regress_schemauser1;
+CREATE SCHEMA testns;
+SELECT nspname, rolname FROM pg_namespace, pg_roles WHERE pg_namespace.nspname = 'testns' AND pg_namespace.nspowner = pg_roles.oid;
+ nspname |       rolname       
+---------+---------------------
+ testns  | regress_schemauser1
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SCHEMA testns OWNER TO regress_schemauser2;
+ALTER ROLE regress_schemauser2 RENAME TO regress_schemauser_renamed;
+SELECT nspname, rolname FROM pg_namespace, pg_roles WHERE pg_namespace.nspname = 'testns' AND pg_namespace.nspowner = pg_roles.oid;
+ nspname |          rolname           
+---------+----------------------------
+ testns  | regress_schemauser_renamed
+(1 row)
+
+set session role regress_schemauser_renamed;
+DROP SCHEMA testns CASCADE;
+-- clean up
+\c -
+DROP ROLE regress_schemauser1;
+DROP ROLE regress_schemauser_renamed;
+-- test that dependent privileges are revoked (or not) properly
+\c -
+set session role regress_priv_user1;
+create table dep_priv_test (a int);
+grant select on dep_priv_test to regress_priv_user2 with grant option;
+grant select on dep_priv_test to regress_priv_user3 with grant option;
+set session role regress_priv_user2;
+grant select on dep_priv_test to regress_priv_user4 with grant option;
+set session role regress_priv_user3;
+grant select on dep_priv_test to regress_priv_user4 with grant option;
+set session role regress_priv_user4;
+grant select on dep_priv_test to regress_priv_user5;
+\dp dep_priv_test
+                                               Access privileges
+ Schema |     Name      | Type  |               Access privileges               | Column privileges | Policies 
+--------+---------------+-------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------
+ public | dep_priv_test | table | regress_priv_user1=arwdDxt/regress_priv_user1+|                   | 
+        |               |       | regress_priv_user2=r*/regress_priv_user1     +|                   | 
+        |               |       | regress_priv_user3=r*/regress_priv_user1     +|                   | 
+        |               |       | regress_priv_user4=r*/regress_priv_user2     +|                   | 
+        |               |       | regress_priv_user4=r*/regress_priv_user3     +|                   | 
+        |               |       | regress_priv_user5=r/regress_priv_user4       |                   | 
+(1 row)
+
+set session role regress_priv_user2;
+revoke select on dep_priv_test from regress_priv_user4 cascade;
+\dp dep_priv_test
+                                               Access privileges
+ Schema |     Name      | Type  |               Access privileges               | Column privileges | Policies 
+--------+---------------+-------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------
+ public | dep_priv_test | table | regress_priv_user1=arwdDxt/regress_priv_user1+|                   | 
+        |               |       | regress_priv_user2=r*/regress_priv_user1     +|                   | 
+        |               |       | regress_priv_user3=r*/regress_priv_user1     +|                   | 
+        |               |       | regress_priv_user4=r*/regress_priv_user3     +|                   | 
+        |               |       | regress_priv_user5=r/regress_priv_user4       |                   | 
+(1 row)
+
+set session role regress_priv_user3;
+revoke select on dep_priv_test from regress_priv_user4 cascade;
+\dp dep_priv_test
+                                               Access privileges
+ Schema |     Name      | Type  |               Access privileges               | Column privileges | Policies 
+--------+---------------+-------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------
+ public | dep_priv_test | table | regress_priv_user1=arwdDxt/regress_priv_user1+|                   | 
+        |               |       | regress_priv_user2=r*/regress_priv_user1     +|                   | 
+        |               |       | regress_priv_user3=r*/regress_priv_user1      |                   | 
+(1 row)
+
+set session role regress_priv_user1;
+drop table dep_priv_test;
+-- clean up
+\c
+drop sequence x_seq;
+DROP AGGREGATE priv_testagg1(int);
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc2(int);
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc4(boolean);
+DROP PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int);
+DROP VIEW atestv0;
+DROP VIEW atestv1;
+DROP VIEW atestv2;
+-- this should cascade to drop atestv4
+DROP VIEW atestv3 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view atestv4
+-- this should complain "does not exist"
+DROP VIEW atestv4;
+ERROR:  view "atestv4" does not exist
+DROP TABLE atest1;
+DROP TABLE atest2;
+DROP TABLE atest3;
+DROP TABLE atest4;
+DROP TABLE atest5;
+DROP TABLE atest6;
+DROP TABLE atestc;
+DROP TABLE atestp1;
+DROP TABLE atestp2;
+SELECT lo_unlink(oid) FROM pg_largeobject_metadata WHERE oid >= 1000 AND oid < 3000 ORDER BY oid;
+ lo_unlink 
+-----------
+         1
+         1
+         1
+         1
+         1
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP GROUP regress_priv_group1;
+DROP GROUP regress_priv_group2;
+-- these are needed to clean up permissions
+REVOKE USAGE ON LANGUAGE sql FROM regress_priv_user1;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_priv_user1;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user1;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user2;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user3;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user4;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user5;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user6;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user7;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user8; -- does not exist
+ERROR:  role "regress_priv_user8" does not exist
+-- permissions with LOCK TABLE
+CREATE USER regress_locktable_user;
+CREATE TABLE lock_table (a int);
+-- LOCK TABLE and SELECT permission
+GRANT SELECT ON lock_table TO regress_locktable_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_locktable_user;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table lock_table
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS SHARE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table lock_table
+ROLLBACK;
+\c
+REVOKE SELECT ON lock_table FROM regress_locktable_user;
+-- LOCK TABLE and INSERT permission
+GRANT INSERT ON lock_table TO regress_locktable_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_locktable_user;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS SHARE MODE; -- should fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table lock_table
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table lock_table
+ROLLBACK;
+\c
+REVOKE INSERT ON lock_table FROM regress_locktable_user;
+-- LOCK TABLE and UPDATE permission
+GRANT UPDATE ON lock_table TO regress_locktable_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_locktable_user;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS SHARE MODE; -- should fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table lock_table
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+\c
+REVOKE UPDATE ON lock_table FROM regress_locktable_user;
+-- LOCK TABLE and DELETE permission
+GRANT DELETE ON lock_table TO regress_locktable_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_locktable_user;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS SHARE MODE; -- should fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table lock_table
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+\c
+REVOKE DELETE ON lock_table FROM regress_locktable_user;
+-- LOCK TABLE and TRUNCATE permission
+GRANT TRUNCATE ON lock_table TO regress_locktable_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_locktable_user;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS SHARE MODE; -- should fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for table lock_table
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+\c
+REVOKE TRUNCATE ON lock_table FROM regress_locktable_user;
+-- clean up
+DROP TABLE lock_table;
+DROP USER regress_locktable_user;
+-- test to check privileges of system views pg_shmem_allocations and
+-- pg_backend_memory_contexts.
+-- switch to superuser
+\c -
+CREATE ROLE regress_readallstats;
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_readallstats','pg_backend_memory_contexts','SELECT'); -- no
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_readallstats','pg_shmem_allocations','SELECT'); -- no
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+GRANT pg_read_all_stats TO regress_readallstats;
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_readallstats','pg_backend_memory_contexts','SELECT'); -- yes
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_readallstats','pg_shmem_allocations','SELECT'); -- yes
+ has_table_privilege 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- run query to ensure that functions within views can be executed
+SET ROLE regress_readallstats;
+SELECT COUNT(*) >= 0 AS ok FROM pg_backend_memory_contexts;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) >= 0 AS ok FROM pg_shmem_allocations;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+RESET ROLE;
+-- clean up
+DROP ROLE regress_readallstats;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/psql.out b/src/test/regress/expected/psql.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29c6b2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/psql.out
@@ -0,0 +1,6428 @@
+--
+-- Tests for psql features that aren't closely connected to any
+-- specific server features
+--
+-- \set
+-- fail: invalid name
+\set invalid/name foo
+invalid variable name: "invalid/name"
+-- fail: invalid value for special variable
+\set AUTOCOMMIT foo
+unrecognized value "foo" for "AUTOCOMMIT": Boolean expected
+\set FETCH_COUNT foo
+invalid value "foo" for "FETCH_COUNT": integer expected
+-- check handling of built-in boolean variable
+\echo :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+off
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+\echo :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+on
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK foo
+unrecognized value "foo" for "ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK"
+Available values are: on, off, interactive.
+\echo :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+on
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK on
+\echo :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+on
+\unset ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+\echo :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+off
+-- \g and \gx
+SELECT 1 as one, 2 as two \g
+ one | two 
+-----+-----
+   1 |   2
+(1 row)
+
+\gx
+-[ RECORD 1 ]
+one | 1
+two | 2
+
+SELECT 3 as three, 4 as four \gx
+-[ RECORD 1 ]
+three | 3
+four  | 4
+
+\g
+ three | four 
+-------+------
+     3 |    4
+(1 row)
+
+-- \gx should work in FETCH_COUNT mode too
+\set FETCH_COUNT 1
+SELECT 1 as one, 2 as two \g
+ one | two 
+-----+-----
+   1 |   2
+(1 row)
+
+\gx
+-[ RECORD 1 ]
+one | 1
+two | 2
+
+SELECT 3 as three, 4 as four \gx
+-[ RECORD 1 ]
+three | 3
+four  | 4
+
+\g
+ three | four 
+-------+------
+     3 |    4
+(1 row)
+
+\unset FETCH_COUNT
+-- \g/\gx with pset options
+SELECT 1 as one, 2 as two \g (format=csv csv_fieldsep='\t')
+one	two
+1	2
+\g
+ one | two 
+-----+-----
+   1 |   2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 1 as one, 2 as two \gx (title='foo bar')
+foo bar
+-[ RECORD 1 ]
+one | 1
+two | 2
+
+\g
+ one | two 
+-----+-----
+   1 |   2
+(1 row)
+
+-- \gset
+select 10 as test01, 20 as test02, 'Hello' as test03 \gset pref01_
+\echo :pref01_test01 :pref01_test02 :pref01_test03
+10 20 Hello
+-- should fail: bad variable name
+select 10 as "bad name"
+\gset
+invalid variable name: "bad name"
+select 97 as "EOF", 'ok' as _foo \gset IGNORE
+attempt to \gset into specially treated variable "IGNOREEOF" ignored
+\echo :IGNORE_foo :IGNOREEOF
+ok 0
+-- multiple backslash commands in one line
+select 1 as x, 2 as y \gset pref01_ \\ \echo :pref01_x
+1
+select 3 as x, 4 as y \gset pref01_ \echo :pref01_x \echo :pref01_y
+3
+4
+select 5 as x, 6 as y \gset pref01_ \\ \g \echo :pref01_x :pref01_y
+ x | y 
+---+---
+ 5 | 6
+(1 row)
+
+5 6
+select 7 as x, 8 as y \g \gset pref01_ \echo :pref01_x :pref01_y
+ x | y 
+---+---
+ 7 | 8
+(1 row)
+
+7 8
+-- NULL should unset the variable
+\set var2 xyz
+select 1 as var1, NULL as var2, 3 as var3 \gset
+\echo :var1 :var2 :var3
+1 :var2 3
+-- \gset requires just one tuple
+select 10 as test01, 20 as test02 from generate_series(1,3) \gset
+more than one row returned for \gset
+select 10 as test01, 20 as test02 from generate_series(1,0) \gset
+no rows returned for \gset
+-- \gset should work in FETCH_COUNT mode too
+\set FETCH_COUNT 1
+select 1 as x, 2 as y \gset pref01_ \\ \echo :pref01_x
+1
+select 3 as x, 4 as y \gset pref01_ \echo :pref01_x \echo :pref01_y
+3
+4
+select 10 as test01, 20 as test02 from generate_series(1,3) \gset
+more than one row returned for \gset
+select 10 as test01, 20 as test02 from generate_series(1,0) \gset
+no rows returned for \gset
+\unset FETCH_COUNT
+-- \gdesc
+SELECT
+    NULL AS zero,
+    1 AS one,
+    2.0 AS two,
+    'three' AS three,
+    $1 AS four,
+    sin($2) as five,
+    'foo'::varchar(4) as six,
+    CURRENT_DATE AS now
+\gdesc
+ Column |         Type         
+--------+----------------------
+ zero   | text
+ one    | integer
+ two    | numeric
+ three  | text
+ four   | text
+ five   | double precision
+ six    | character varying(4)
+ now    | date
+(8 rows)
+
+-- should work with tuple-returning utilities, such as EXECUTE
+PREPARE test AS SELECT 1 AS first, 2 AS second;
+EXECUTE test \gdesc
+ Column |  Type   
+--------+---------
+ first  | integer
+ second | integer
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN EXECUTE test \gdesc
+   Column   | Type 
+------------+------
+ QUERY PLAN | text
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail cleanly - syntax error
+SELECT 1 + \gdesc
+ERROR:  syntax error at end of input
+LINE 1: SELECT 1 + 
+                   ^
+-- check behavior with empty results
+SELECT \gdesc
+The command has no result, or the result has no columns.
+CREATE TABLE bububu(a int) \gdesc
+The command has no result, or the result has no columns.
+-- subject command should not have executed
+TABLE bububu;  -- fail
+ERROR:  relation "bububu" does not exist
+LINE 1: TABLE bububu;
+              ^
+-- query buffer should remain unchanged
+SELECT 1 AS x, 'Hello', 2 AS y, true AS "dirty\name"
+\gdesc
+   Column   |  Type   
+------------+---------
+ x          | integer
+ ?column?   | text
+ y          | integer
+ dirty\name | boolean
+(4 rows)
+
+\g
+ x | ?column? | y | dirty\name 
+---+----------+---+------------
+ 1 | Hello    | 2 | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- all on one line
+SELECT 3 AS x, 'Hello', 4 AS y, true AS "dirty\name" \gdesc \g
+   Column   |  Type   
+------------+---------
+ x          | integer
+ ?column?   | text
+ y          | integer
+ dirty\name | boolean
+(4 rows)
+
+ x | ?column? | y | dirty\name 
+---+----------+---+------------
+ 3 | Hello    | 4 | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- test for server bug #17983 with empty statement in aborted transaction
+set search_path = default;
+begin;
+bogus;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "bogus"
+LINE 1: bogus;
+        ^
+;
+\gdesc
+The command has no result, or the result has no columns.
+rollback;
+-- \gexec
+create temporary table gexec_test(a int, b text, c date, d float);
+select format('create index on gexec_test(%I)', attname)
+from pg_attribute
+where attrelid = 'gexec_test'::regclass and attnum > 0
+order by attnum
+\gexec
+create index on gexec_test(a)
+create index on gexec_test(b)
+create index on gexec_test(c)
+create index on gexec_test(d)
+-- \gexec should work in FETCH_COUNT mode too
+-- (though the fetch limit applies to the executed queries not the meta query)
+\set FETCH_COUNT 1
+select 'select 1 as ones', 'select x.y, x.y*2 as double from generate_series(1,4) as x(y)'
+union all
+select 'drop table gexec_test', NULL
+union all
+select 'drop table gexec_test', 'select ''2000-01-01''::date as party_over'
+\gexec
+select 1 as ones
+ ones 
+------
+    1
+(1 row)
+
+select x.y, x.y*2 as double from generate_series(1,4) as x(y)
+ y | double 
+---+--------
+ 1 |      2
+ 2 |      4
+ 3 |      6
+ 4 |      8
+(4 rows)
+
+drop table gexec_test
+drop table gexec_test
+ERROR:  table "gexec_test" does not exist
+select '2000-01-01'::date as party_over
+ party_over 
+------------
+ 01-01-2000
+(1 row)
+
+\unset FETCH_COUNT
+-- \setenv, \getenv
+-- ensure MYVAR isn't set
+\setenv MYVAR
+-- in which case, reading it doesn't change the target
+\getenv res MYVAR
+\echo :res
+:res
+-- now set it
+\setenv MYVAR 'environment value'
+\getenv res MYVAR
+\echo :res
+environment value
+-- show all pset options
+\pset
+border                   1
+columns                  0
+csv_fieldsep             ','
+expanded                 off
+fieldsep                 '|'
+fieldsep_zero            off
+footer                   on
+format                   aligned
+linestyle                ascii
+null                     ''
+numericlocale            off
+pager                    1
+pager_min_lines          0
+recordsep                '\n'
+recordsep_zero           off
+tableattr                
+title                    
+tuples_only              off
+unicode_border_linestyle single
+unicode_column_linestyle single
+unicode_header_linestyle single
+-- test multi-line headers, wrapping, and newline indicators
+-- in aligned, unaligned, and wrapped formats
+prepare q as select array_to_string(array_agg(repeat('x',2*n)),E'\n') as "ab
+
+c", array_to_string(array_agg(repeat('y',20-2*n)),E'\n') as "a
+bc" from generate_series(1,10) as n(n) group by n>1 order by n>1;
+\pset linestyle ascii
+\pset expanded off
+\pset columns 40
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|a
+bc
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+(2 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+         ab         +        a         +
+                    +        bc         
+         c                              
+-------------------- ------------------
+xx                   yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx                +yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy  +
+xxxxxx              +yyyyyyyyyyyyyy    +
+xxxxxxxx            +yyyyyyyyyyyy      +
+xxxxxxxxxx          +yyyyyyyyyy        +
+xxxxxxxxxxxx        +yyyyyyyy          +
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx      +yyyyyy            +
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx    +yyyy              +
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  +yy                +
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+         ab         +        a         +
+                    +        bc         
+         c                              
+-------------------- ------------------
+xx                   yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx                +yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy  +
+xxxxxx              +yyyyyyyyyyyyyy    +
+xxxxxxxx            +yyyyyyyyyyyy      +
+xxxxxxxxxx          +yyyyyyyyyy        +
+xxxxxxxxxxxx        +yyyyyyyy          +
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx      +yyyyyy            +
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx    +yyyy              +
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  +yy                +
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|a
+bc
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+(2 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+          ab         +|         a         +
+                     +|         bc         
+          c           |                    
+----------------------+--------------------
+ xx                   | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxx                +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy  +
+ xxxxxx              +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyy    +
+ xxxxxxxx            +| yyyyyyyyyyyy      +
+ xxxxxxxxxx          +| yyyyyyyyyy        +
+ xxxxxxxxxxxx        +| yyyyyyyy          +
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx      +| yyyyyy            +
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx    +| yyyy              +
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  +| yy                +
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | 
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+        ab        +|         a         +
+                  +|         bc         
+         c         |                    
+-------------------+--------------------
+ xx                | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxx             +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy  +
+ xxxxxx           +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyy    +
+ xxxxxxxx         +| yyyyyyyyyyyy      +
+ xxxxxxxxxx       +| yyyyyyyyyy        +
+ xxxxxxxxxxxx     +| yyyyyyyy          +
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx   +| yyyyyy            +
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx +| yyyy              +
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.| yy                +
+.x                +| 
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.| 
+.xxx               | 
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|a
+bc
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+(2 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
++----------------------+--------------------+
+|          ab         +|         a         +|
+|                     +|         bc         |
+|          c           |                    |
++----------------------+--------------------+
+| xx                   | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy |
+| xxxx                +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy  +|
+| xxxxxx              +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyy    +|
+| xxxxxxxx            +| yyyyyyyyyyyy      +|
+| xxxxxxxxxx          +| yyyyyyyyyy        +|
+| xxxxxxxxxxxx        +| yyyyyyyy          +|
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx      +| yyyyyy            +|
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx    +| yyyy              +|
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  +| yy                +|
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |                    |
++----------------------+--------------------+
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
++-----------------+--------------------+
+|       ab       +|         a         +|
+|                +|         bc         |
+|        c        |                    |
++-----------------+--------------------+
+| xx              | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy |
+| xxxx           +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy  +|
+| xxxxxx         +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyy    +|
+| xxxxxxxx       +| yyyyyyyyyyyy      +|
+| xxxxxxxxxx     +| yyyyyyyyyy        +|
+| xxxxxxxxxxxx   +| yyyyyyyy          +|
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx +| yyyyyy            +|
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.| yyyy              +|
+|.x              +| yy                +|
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.|                    |
+|.xxx            +|                    |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.|                    |
+|.xxxxx           |                    |
++-----------------+--------------------+
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset columns 20
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|xx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+ab
+
+c|xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+* Record 1            
+ab+ xx
+  +
+c  
+a + yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+bc 
+* Record 2            
+ab+ xxxx                +
+  + xxxxxx              +
+c   xxxxxxxx            +
+    xxxxxxxxxx          +
+    xxxxxxxxxxxx        +
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxx      +
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx    +
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  +
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+a + yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy    +
+bc  yyyyyyyyyyyyyy      +
+    yyyyyyyyyyyy        +
+    yyyyyyyyyy          +
+    yyyyyyyy            +
+    yyyyyy              +
+    yyyy                +
+    yy                  +
+    
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+* Record 1       
+ab+ xx
+  +
+c  
+a + yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy.
+bc .yyy
+* Record 2       
+ab+ xxxx           +
+  + xxxxxx         +
+c   xxxxxxxx       +
+    xxxxxxxxxx     +
+    xxxxxxxxxxxx   +
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxx +
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
+   .x              +
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
+   .xxx            +
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
+   .xxxxx
+a + yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy.
+bc .y              +
+    yyyyyyyyyyyyyy +
+    yyyyyyyyyyyy   +
+    yyyyyyyyyy     +
+    yyyyyyyy       +
+    yyyyyy         +
+    yyyy           +
+    yy             +
+    
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|xx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+ab
+
+c|xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]------------
+ab+| xx
+  +|
+c  |
+a +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+bc |
+-[ RECORD 2 ]------------
+ab+| xxxx                +
+  +| xxxxxx              +
+c  | xxxxxxxx            +
+   | xxxxxxxxxx          +
+   | xxxxxxxxxxxx        +
+   | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx      +
+   | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx    +
+   | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  +
+   | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+a +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy    +
+bc | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy      +
+   | yyyyyyyyyyyy        +
+   | yyyyyyyyyy          +
+   | yyyyyyyy            +
+   | yyyyyy              +
+   | yyyy                +
+   | yy                  +
+   | 
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]------
+ab+| xx
+  +|
+c  |
+a +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyy.
+bc |.yyyy
+-[ RECORD 2 ]------
+ab+| xxxx          +
+  +| xxxxxx        +
+c  | xxxxxxxx      +
+   | xxxxxxxxxx    +
+   | xxxxxxxxxxxx  +
+   | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx+
+   | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
+   |.xx            +
+   | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
+   |.xxxx          +
+   | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
+   |.xxxxxx
+a +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyy.
+bc |.yy            +
+   | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy+
+   | yyyyyyyyyyyy  +
+   | yyyyyyyyyy    +
+   | yyyyyyyy      +
+   | yyyyyy        +
+   | yyyy          +
+   | yy            +
+   | 
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|xx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+ab
+
+c|xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
++-[ RECORD 1 ]--------------+
+| ab+| xx                   |
+|   +|                      |
+| c  |                      |
+| a +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   |
+| bc |                      |
++-[ RECORD 2 ]--------------+
+| ab+| xxxx                +|
+|   +| xxxxxx              +|
+| c  | xxxxxxxx            +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxx          +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxxxx        +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx      +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx    +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
+| a +| yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy    +|
+| bc | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy      +|
+|    | yyyyyyyyyyyy        +|
+|    | yyyyyyyyyy          +|
+|    | yyyyyyyy            +|
+|    | yyyyyy              +|
+|    | yyyy                +|
+|    | yy                  +|
+|    |                      |
++----+----------------------+
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
++-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+
+| ab+| xx          |
+|   +|             |
+| c  |             |
+| a +| yyyyyyyyyyy.|
+| bc |.yyyyyyy     |
++-[ RECORD 2 ]-----+
+| ab+| xxxx       +|
+|   +| xxxxxx     +|
+| c  | xxxxxxxx   +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxx +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxxx.|
+|    |.x          +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxxx.|
+|    |.xxx        +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxxx.|
+|    |.xxxxx      +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxxx.|
+|    |.xxxxxxx    +|
+|    | xxxxxxxxxxx.|
+|    |.xxxxxxxxx   |
+| a +| yyyyyyyyyyy.|
+| bc |.yyyyy      +|
+|    | yyyyyyyyyyy.|
+|    |.yyy        +|
+|    | yyyyyyyyyyy.|
+|    |.y          +|
+|    | yyyyyyyyyy +|
+|    | yyyyyyyy   +|
+|    | yyyyyy     +|
+|    | yyyy       +|
+|    | yy         +|
+|    |             |
++----+-------------+
+
+\pset linestyle old-ascii
+\pset expanded off
+\pset columns 40
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|a
+bc
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+(2 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+         ab                  a         
+                    +        bc        
+         c          +                  
+-------------------- ------------------
+xx                   yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx                 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   
+xxxxxx               yyyyyyyyyyyyyy     
+xxxxxxxx             yyyyyyyyyyyy       
+xxxxxxxxxx           yyyyyyyyyy         
+xxxxxxxxxxxx         yyyyyyyy           
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       yyyyyy             
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     yyyy               
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   yy                 
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+         ab                  a         
+                    +        bc        
+         c          +                  
+-------------------- ------------------
+xx                   yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx                 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   
+xxxxxx               yyyyyyyyyyyyyy     
+xxxxxxxx             yyyyyyyyyyyy       
+xxxxxxxxxx           yyyyyyyyyy         
+xxxxxxxxxxxx         yyyyyyyy           
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       yyyyyy             
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     yyyy               
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   yy                 
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|a
+bc
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+(2 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+          ab          |         a          
++                     |+        bc         
++         c           |+                   
+----------------------+--------------------
+ xx                   | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxx                 | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   
+ xxxxxx               : yyyyyyyyyyyyyy     
+ xxxxxxxx             : yyyyyyyyyyyy       
+ xxxxxxxxxx           : yyyyyyyyyy         
+ xxxxxxxxxxxx         : yyyyyyyy           
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       : yyyyyy             
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     : yyyy               
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   : yy                 
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx : 
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+        ab         |         a          
++                  |+        bc         
++        c         |+                   
+-------------------+--------------------
+ xx                | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxx              | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   
+ xxxxxx            : yyyyyyyyyyyyyy     
+ xxxxxxxx          : yyyyyyyyyyyy       
+ xxxxxxxxxx        : yyyyyyyyyy         
+ xxxxxxxxxxxx      : yyyyyyyy           
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx    : yyyyyy             
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  : yyyy               
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx : yy                 
+ x                 : 
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   
+ xxx                 
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|a
+bc
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+(2 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
++----------------------+--------------------+
+|          ab          |         a          |
+|+                     |+        bc         |
+|+         c           |+                   |
++----------------------+--------------------+
+| xx                   | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy |
+| xxxx                 | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   |
+| xxxxxx               : yyyyyyyyyyyyyy     |
+| xxxxxxxx             : yyyyyyyyyyyy       |
+| xxxxxxxxxx           : yyyyyyyyyy         |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxx         : yyyyyyyy           |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       : yyyyyy             |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     : yyyy               |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   : yy                 |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx :                    |
++----------------------+--------------------+
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
++-----------------+--------------------+
+|       ab        |         a          |
+|+                |+        bc         |
+|+       c        |+                   |
++-----------------+--------------------+
+| xx              | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy |
+| xxxx            | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   |
+| xxxxxx          : yyyyyyyyyyyyyy     |
+| xxxxxxxx        : yyyyyyyyyyyy       |
+| xxxxxxxxxx      : yyyyyyyyyy         |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxx    : yyyyyyyy           |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx  : yyyyyy             |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx : yyyy               |
+| x               : yy                 |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx :                    |
+| xxx                                  |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx                      |
+| xxxxx                                |
++-----------------+--------------------+
+(2 rows)
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset columns 20
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|xx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+ab
+
+c|xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+* Record 1             
+ ab xx
++  
++c 
+ a  yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
++bc
+* Record 2             
+ ab xxxx
++   xxxxxx
++c  xxxxxxxx
+    xxxxxxxxxx
+    xxxxxxxxxxxx
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+ a  yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
++bc yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+    yyyyyyyyyyyy
+    yyyyyyyyyy
+    yyyyyyyy
+    yyyyyy
+    yyyy
+    yy
+    
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+* Record 1         
+ ab xx
++  
++c 
+ a  yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
++bc yy
+* Record 2         
+ ab xxxx
++   xxxxxx
++c  xxxxxxxx
+    xxxxxxxxxx
+    xxxxxxxxxxxx
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    xx
+    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    xxxx
+ a  yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
++bc yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+    yyyyyyyyyyyy
+    yyyyyyyyyy
+    yyyyyyyy
+    yyyyyy
+    yyyy
+    yy
+    
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|xx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+ab
+
+c|xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]-------------
+ ab | xx
++   ;
++c  ;
+ a  | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
++bc ;
+-[ RECORD 2 ]-------------
+ ab | xxxx
++   : xxxxxx
++c  : xxxxxxxx
+    : xxxxxxxxxx
+    : xxxxxxxxxxxx
+    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+ a  | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
++bc : yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+    : yyyyyyyyyyyy
+    : yyyyyyyyyy
+    : yyyyyyyy
+    : yyyyyy
+    : yyyy
+    : yy
+    : 
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]-------
+ ab | xx
++   ;
++c  ;
+ a  | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
++bc ; yyyy
+-[ RECORD 2 ]-------
+ ab | xxxx
++   : xxxxxx
++c  : xxxxxxxx
+    : xxxxxxxxxx
+    : xxxxxxxxxxxx
+    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    ; xx
+    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    ; xxxx
+    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+    ; xxxxxx
+ a  | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
++bc ; yy
+    : yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+    : yyyyyyyyyyyy
+    : yyyyyyyyyy
+    : yyyyyyyy
+    : yyyyyy
+    : yyyy
+    : yy
+    : 
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+ab
+
+c|xx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+ab
+
+c|xxxx
+xxxxxx
+xxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+a
+bc|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyyyy
+yyyyyyyy
+yyyyyy
+yyyy
+yy
+
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
++-[ RECORD 1 ]--------------+
+| ab | xx                   |
+|+   ;                      |
+|+c  ;                      |
+| a  | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   |
+|+bc ;                      |
++-[ RECORD 2 ]--------------+
+| ab | xxxx                 |
+|+   : xxxxxx               |
+|+c  : xxxxxxxx             |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxx           |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxxxx         |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
+| a  | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy     |
+|+bc : yyyyyyyyyyyyyy       |
+|    : yyyyyyyyyyyy         |
+|    : yyyyyyyyyy           |
+|    : yyyyyyyy             |
+|    : yyyyyy               |
+|    : yyyy                 |
+|    : yy                   |
+|    :                      |
++----+----------------------+
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
++-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+
+| ab | xx          |
+|+   ;             |
+|+c  ;             |
+| a  | yyyyyyyyyyy |
+|+bc ; yyyyyyy     |
++-[ RECORD 2 ]-----+
+| ab | xxxx        |
+|+   : xxxxxx      |
+|+c  : xxxxxxxx    |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxx  |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxxx |
+|    ; x           |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxxx |
+|    ; xxx         |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxxx |
+|    ; xxxxx       |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxxx |
+|    ; xxxxxxx     |
+|    : xxxxxxxxxxx |
+|    ; xxxxxxxxx   |
+| a  | yyyyyyyyyyy |
+|+bc ; yyyyy       |
+|    : yyyyyyyyyyy |
+|    ; yyy         |
+|    : yyyyyyyyyyy |
+|    ; y           |
+|    : yyyyyyyyyy  |
+|    : yyyyyyyy    |
+|    : yyyyyy      |
+|    : yyyy        |
+|    : yy          |
+|    :             |
++----+-------------+
+
+deallocate q;
+-- test single-line header and data
+prepare q as select repeat('x',2*n) as "0123456789abcdef", repeat('y',20-2*n) as "0123456789" from generate_series(1,10) as n;
+\pset linestyle ascii
+\pset expanded off
+\pset columns 40
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|0123456789
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|
+(10 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+  0123456789abcdef       0123456789     
+-------------------- ------------------
+xx                   yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx                 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxx               yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxx             yyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxx           yyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxx         yyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       yyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     yyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   yy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+  0123456789abcdef       0123456789     
+-------------------- ------------------
+xx                   yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx                 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxx               yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxx             yyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxx           yyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxx         yyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       yyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     yyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   yy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|0123456789
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|
+(10 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+   0123456789abcdef   |     0123456789     
+----------------------+--------------------
+ xx                   | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxx                 | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxx               | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxx             | yyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxx           | yyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxx         | yyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       | yyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     | yyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   | yy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | 
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+  0123456789abcdef   |    0123456789    
+---------------------+------------------
+ xx                  | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy.
+                     |.yy
+ xxxx                | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxx              | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxx            | yyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxx          | yyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxx        | yyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx      | yyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx    | yyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  | yy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.| 
+.x                   | 
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|0123456789
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|
+(10 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
++----------------------+--------------------+
+|   0123456789abcdef   |     0123456789     |
++----------------------+--------------------+
+| xx                   | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy |
+| xxxx                 | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   |
+| xxxxxx               | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy     |
+| xxxxxxxx             | yyyyyyyyyyyy       |
+| xxxxxxxxxx           | yyyyyyyyyy         |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxx         | yyyyyyyy           |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       | yyyyyy             |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     | yyyy               |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   | yy                 |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |                    |
++----------------------+--------------------+
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
++--------------------+-----------------+
+|  0123456789abcdef  |   0123456789    |
++--------------------+-----------------+
+| xx                 | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy.|
+|                    |.yyy             |
+| xxxx               | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy.|
+|                    |.y               |
+| xxxxxx             | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy  |
+| xxxxxxxx           | yyyyyyyyyyyy    |
+| xxxxxxxxxx         | yyyyyyyyyy      |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxx       | yyyyyyyy        |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx     | yyyyyy          |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   | yyyy            |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | yy              |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.|                 |
+|.xx                 |                 |
++--------------------+-----------------+
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset columns 30
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|xx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+* Record 1                          
+0123456789abcdef xx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 2                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 3                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 4                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 5                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 6                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyy
+* Record 7                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyy
+* Record 8                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyy
+* Record 9                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yy
+* Record 10                         
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+* Record 1                  
+0123456789abcdef xx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyy.
+                .yyyyyy
+* Record 2                  
+0123456789abcdef xxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyy.
+                .yyyy
+* Record 3                  
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyy.
+                .yy
+* Record 4                  
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 5                  
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 6                  
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyy
+* Record 7                  
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxx.
+                .xx
+0123456789       yyyyyy
+* Record 8                  
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxx.
+                .xxxx
+0123456789       yyyy
+* Record 9                  
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxx.
+                .xxxxxx
+0123456789       yy
+* Record 10                 
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxx.
+                .xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|xx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 2 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 3 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 4 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 5 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 6 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 7 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 8 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyy
+-[ RECORD 9 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yy
+-[ RECORD 10 ]---+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | 
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]----+-----------
+0123456789abcdef | xx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy.
+                 |.yyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 2 ]----+-----------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy.
+                 |.yyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 3 ]----+-----------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy.
+                 |.yyyy
+-[ RECORD 4 ]----+-----------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy.
+                 |.yy
+-[ RECORD 5 ]----+-----------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 6 ]----+-----------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx.
+                 |.xx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 7 ]----+-----------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx.
+                 |.xxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 8 ]----+-----------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx.
+                 |.xxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyy
+-[ RECORD 9 ]----+-----------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx.
+                 |.xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yy
+-[ RECORD 10 ]---+-----------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx.
+                 |.xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | 
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|xx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
++-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xx                   |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   |
++-[ RECORD 2 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxx                 |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy     |
++-[ RECORD 3 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxx               |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy       |
++-[ RECORD 4 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxx             |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyy         |
++-[ RECORD 5 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx           |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy           |
++-[ RECORD 6 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxx         |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyy             |
++-[ RECORD 7 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyy               |
++-[ RECORD 8 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     |
+| 0123456789       | yyyy                 |
++-[ RECORD 9 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   |
+| 0123456789       | yy                   |
++-[ RECORD 10 ]----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
+| 0123456789       |                      |
++------------------+----------------------+
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
++-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+---------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xx      |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyy.|
+|                  |.yyyyyyy.|
+|                  |.yyyy    |
++-[ RECORD 2 ]-----+---------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxx    |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyy.|
+|                  |.yyyyyyy.|
+|                  |.yy      |
++-[ RECORD 3 ]-----+---------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxx  |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyy.|
+|                  |.yyyyyyy |
++-[ RECORD 4 ]-----+---------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxx.|
+|                  |.x       |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyy.|
+|                  |.yyyyy   |
++-[ RECORD 5 ]-----+---------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxx.|
+|                  |.xxx     |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyy.|
+|                  |.yyy     |
++-[ RECORD 6 ]-----+---------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxx.|
+|                  |.xxxxx   |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyy.|
+|                  |.y       |
++-[ RECORD 7 ]-----+---------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxx.|
+|                  |.xxxxxxx |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyy  |
++-[ RECORD 8 ]-----+---------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxx.|
+|                  |.xxxxxxx.|
+|                  |.xx      |
+| 0123456789       | yyyy    |
++-[ RECORD 9 ]-----+---------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxx.|
+|                  |.xxxxxxx.|
+|                  |.xxxx    |
+| 0123456789       | yy      |
++-[ RECORD 10 ]----+---------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxx.|
+|                  |.xxxxxxx.|
+|                  |.xxxxxx  |
+| 0123456789       |         |
++------------------+---------+
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset columns 20
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|xx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+* Record 1                          
+0123456789abcdef xx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 2                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 3                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 4                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 5                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 6                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyy
+* Record 7                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyy
+* Record 8                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyy
+* Record 9                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yy
+* Record 10                         
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+* Record 1         
+0123456789abcdef xx
+0123456789       yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy
+* Record 2         
+0123456789abcdef xxx.
+                .x
+0123456789       yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .y
+* Record 3         
+0123456789abcdef xxx.
+                .xxx
+0123456789       yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yy
+* Record 4         
+0123456789abcdef xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xx
+0123456789       yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy
+* Record 5         
+0123456789abcdef xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .x
+0123456789       yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .y
+* Record 6         
+0123456789abcdef xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx
+0123456789       yyy.
+                .yyy.
+                .yy
+* Record 7         
+0123456789abcdef xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xx
+0123456789       yyy.
+                .yyy
+* Record 8         
+0123456789abcdef xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .x
+0123456789       yyy.
+                .y
+* Record 9         
+0123456789abcdef xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx
+0123456789       yy
+* Record 10        
+0123456789abcdef xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xxx.
+                .xx
+0123456789       
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|xx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 2 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 3 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 4 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 5 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 6 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 7 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 8 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyy
+-[ RECORD 9 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yy
+-[ RECORD 10 ]---+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | 
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]----+----
+0123456789abcdef | xx
+0123456789       | yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy
+-[ RECORD 2 ]----+----
+0123456789abcdef | xxx.
+                 |.x
+0123456789       | yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.y
+-[ RECORD 3 ]----+----
+0123456789abcdef | xxx.
+                 |.xxx
+0123456789       | yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yy
+-[ RECORD 4 ]----+----
+0123456789abcdef | xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xx
+0123456789       | yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy
+-[ RECORD 5 ]----+----
+0123456789abcdef | xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.x
+0123456789       | yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.y
+-[ RECORD 6 ]----+----
+0123456789abcdef | xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx
+0123456789       | yyy.
+                 |.yyy.
+                 |.yy
+-[ RECORD 7 ]----+----
+0123456789abcdef | xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xx
+0123456789       | yyy.
+                 |.yyy
+-[ RECORD 8 ]----+----
+0123456789abcdef | xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.x
+0123456789       | yyy.
+                 |.y
+-[ RECORD 9 ]----+----
+0123456789abcdef | xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx
+0123456789       | yy
+-[ RECORD 10 ]---+----
+0123456789abcdef | xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xxx.
+                 |.xx
+0123456789       | 
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|xx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
++-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xx                   |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   |
++-[ RECORD 2 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxx                 |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy     |
++-[ RECORD 3 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxx               |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy       |
++-[ RECORD 4 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxx             |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyy         |
++-[ RECORD 5 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx           |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy           |
++-[ RECORD 6 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxx         |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyy             |
++-[ RECORD 7 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyy               |
++-[ RECORD 8 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     |
+| 0123456789       | yyyy                 |
++-[ RECORD 9 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   |
+| 0123456789       | yy                   |
++-[ RECORD 10 ]----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
+| 0123456789       |                      |
++------------------+----------------------+
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
++-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+-----+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xx  |
+| 0123456789       | yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy |
++-[ RECORD 2 ]-----+-----+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxx.|
+|                  |.x   |
+| 0123456789       | yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.y   |
++-[ RECORD 3 ]-----+-----+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx |
+| 0123456789       | yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yy  |
++-[ RECORD 4 ]-----+-----+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xx  |
+| 0123456789       | yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy |
++-[ RECORD 5 ]-----+-----+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.x   |
+| 0123456789       | yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.y   |
++-[ RECORD 6 ]-----+-----+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx |
+| 0123456789       | yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy.|
+|                  |.yy  |
++-[ RECORD 7 ]-----+-----+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xx  |
+| 0123456789       | yyy.|
+|                  |.yyy |
++-[ RECORD 8 ]-----+-----+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.x   |
+| 0123456789       | yyy.|
+|                  |.y   |
++-[ RECORD 9 ]-----+-----+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx |
+| 0123456789       | yy  |
++-[ RECORD 10 ]----+-----+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xxx.|
+|                  |.xx  |
+| 0123456789       |     |
++------------------+-----+
+
+\pset linestyle old-ascii
+\pset expanded off
+\pset columns 40
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|0123456789
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|
+(10 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+  0123456789abcdef       0123456789    
+-------------------- ------------------
+xx                   yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx                 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxx               yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxx             yyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxx           yyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxx         yyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       yyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     yyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   yy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+  0123456789abcdef       0123456789    
+-------------------- ------------------
+xx                   yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx                 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxx               yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxx             yyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxx           yyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxx         yyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       yyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     yyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   yy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|0123456789
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|
+(10 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+   0123456789abcdef   |     0123456789     
+----------------------+--------------------
+ xx                   | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxx                 | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxx               | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxx             | yyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxx           | yyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxx         | yyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       | yyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     | yyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   | yy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | 
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+  0123456789abcdef   |    0123456789    
+---------------------+------------------
+ xx                  | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 
+                     ; yy
+ xxxx                | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxx              | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxx            | yyyyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxx          | yyyyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxx        | yyyyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx      | yyyyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx    | yyyy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  | yy
+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | 
+ x                     
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|0123456789
+xx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|yy
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|
+(10 rows)
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
++----------------------+--------------------+
+|   0123456789abcdef   |     0123456789     |
++----------------------+--------------------+
+| xx                   | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy |
+| xxxx                 | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   |
+| xxxxxx               | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy     |
+| xxxxxxxx             | yyyyyyyyyyyy       |
+| xxxxxxxxxx           | yyyyyyyyyy         |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxx         | yyyyyyyy           |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       | yyyyyy             |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     | yyyy               |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   | yy                 |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |                    |
++----------------------+--------------------+
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
++--------------------+-----------------+
+|  0123456789abcdef  |   0123456789    |
++--------------------+-----------------+
+| xx                 | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy |
+|                    ; yyy             |
+| xxxx               | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy |
+|                    ; y               |
+| xxxxxx             | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy  |
+| xxxxxxxx           | yyyyyyyyyyyy    |
+| xxxxxxxxxx         | yyyyyyyyyy      |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxx       | yyyyyyyy        |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx     | yyyyyy          |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   | yyyy            |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | yy              |
+| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |                 |
+| xx                                   |
++--------------------+-----------------+
+(10 rows)
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|xx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+* Record 1                          
+0123456789abcdef xx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 2                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 3                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 4                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 5                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 6                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyy
+* Record 7                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyy
+* Record 8                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyy
+* Record 9                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yy
+* Record 10                         
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+* Record 1                          
+0123456789abcdef xx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 2                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 3                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 4                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 5                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyyyy
+* Record 6                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyyyy
+* Record 7                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyyyy
+* Record 8                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yyyy
+* Record 9                          
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       yy
+* Record 10                         
+0123456789abcdef xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|xx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 2 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 3 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 4 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 5 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 6 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 7 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 8 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyy
+-[ RECORD 9 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yy
+-[ RECORD 10 ]---+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | 
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 2 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 3 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 4 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 5 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 6 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 7 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyyyy
+-[ RECORD 8 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yyyy
+-[ RECORD 9 ]----+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | yy
+-[ RECORD 10 ]---+---------------------
+0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789       | 
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+0123456789abcdef|xx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yyyy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|yy
+
+0123456789abcdef|xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+0123456789|
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
++-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xx                   |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy   |
++-[ RECORD 2 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxx                 |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy     |
++-[ RECORD 3 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxx               |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy       |
++-[ RECORD 4 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxx             |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyy         |
++-[ RECORD 5 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx           |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy           |
++-[ RECORD 6 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxx         |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyy             |
++-[ RECORD 7 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx       |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyy               |
++-[ RECORD 8 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     |
+| 0123456789       | yyyy                 |
++-[ RECORD 9 ]-----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx   |
+| 0123456789       | yy                   |
++-[ RECORD 10 ]----+----------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
+| 0123456789       |                      |
++------------------+----------------------+
+
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
++-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+-------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xx                |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy |
+|                  ; y                 |
++-[ RECORD 2 ]-----+-------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxx              |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy  |
++-[ RECORD 3 ]-----+-------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxx            |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyyyy    |
++-[ RECORD 4 ]-----+-------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxx          |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyyyy      |
++-[ RECORD 5 ]-----+-------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxx        |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyyyy        |
++-[ RECORD 6 ]-----+-------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxx      |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyyyy          |
++-[ RECORD 7 ]-----+-------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxx    |
+| 0123456789       | yyyyyy            |
++-[ RECORD 8 ]-----+-------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  |
+| 0123456789       | yyyy              |
++-[ RECORD 9 ]-----+-------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
+|                  ; x                 |
+| 0123456789       | yy                |
++-[ RECORD 10 ]----+-------------------+
+| 0123456789abcdef | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
+|                  ; xxx               |
+| 0123456789       |                   |
++------------------+-------------------+
+
+deallocate q;
+\pset linestyle ascii
+\pset border 1
+-- support table for output-format tests (useful to create a footer)
+create table psql_serial_tab (id serial);
+-- test header/footer/tuples_only behavior in aligned/unaligned/wrapped cases
+\pset format aligned
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+               Sequence "public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq"
+  Type   | Start | Minimum |  Maximum   | Increment | Cycles? | Cache 
+---------+-------+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------
+ integer |     1 |       1 | 2147483647 |         1 | no      |     1
+Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id
+
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+ pg_catalog | exp  | double precision | double precision    | func
+ pg_catalog | exp  | numeric          | numeric             | func
+
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+Sequence "public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq"
+-[ RECORD 1 ]---------
+Type      | integer
+Start     | 1
+Minimum   | 1
+Maximum   | 2147483647
+Increment | 1
+Cycles?   | no
+Cache     | 1
+
+Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id
+
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+Schema              | pg_catalog
+Name                | exp
+Result data type    | double precision
+Argument data types | double precision
+Type                | func
+--------------------+-----------------
+Schema              | pg_catalog
+Name                | exp
+Result data type    | numeric
+Argument data types | numeric
+Type                | func
+
+\pset tuples_only false
+-- empty table is a special case for this format
+select 1 where false;
+(0 rows)
+
+\pset format unaligned
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+Sequence "public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq"
+Type|Start|Minimum|Maximum|Increment|Cycles?|Cache
+integer|1|1|2147483647|1|no|1
+Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+pg_catalog|exp|double precision|double precision|func
+pg_catalog|exp|numeric|numeric|func
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+Sequence "public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq"
+
+Type|integer
+Start|1
+Minimum|1
+Maximum|2147483647
+Increment|1
+Cycles?|no
+Cache|1
+
+Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+Schema|pg_catalog
+Name|exp
+Result data type|double precision
+Argument data types|double precision
+Type|func
+
+Schema|pg_catalog
+Name|exp
+Result data type|numeric
+Argument data types|numeric
+Type|func
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset format wrapped
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+               Sequence "public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq"
+  Type   | Start | Minimum |  Maximum   | Increment | Cycles? | Cache 
+---------+-------+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------
+ integer |     1 |       1 | 2147483647 |         1 | no      |     1
+Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id
+
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+ pg_catalog | exp  | double precision | double precision    | func
+ pg_catalog | exp  | numeric          | numeric             | func
+
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+Sequence "public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq"
+-[ RECORD 1 ]---------
+Type      | integer
+Start     | 1
+Minimum   | 1
+Maximum   | 2147483647
+Increment | 1
+Cycles?   | no
+Cache     | 1
+
+Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id
+
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+Schema              | pg_catalog
+Name                | exp
+Result data type    | double precision
+Argument data types | double precision
+Type                | func
+--------------------+-----------------
+Schema              | pg_catalog
+Name                | exp
+Result data type    | numeric
+Argument data types | numeric
+Type                | func
+
+\pset tuples_only false
+-- check conditional am display
+\pset expanded off
+CREATE SCHEMA tableam_display;
+CREATE ROLE regress_display_role;
+ALTER SCHEMA tableam_display OWNER TO regress_display_role;
+SET search_path TO tableam_display;
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD heap_psql TYPE TABLE HANDLER heap_tableam_handler;
+SET ROLE TO regress_display_role;
+-- Use only relations with a physical size of zero.
+CREATE TABLE tbl_heap_psql(f1 int, f2 char(100)) using heap_psql;
+CREATE TABLE tbl_heap(f1 int, f2 char(100)) using heap;
+CREATE VIEW view_heap_psql AS SELECT f1 from tbl_heap_psql;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mat_view_heap_psql USING heap_psql AS SELECT f1 from tbl_heap_psql;
+\d+ tbl_heap_psql
+                              Table "tableam_display.tbl_heap_psql"
+ Column |      Type      | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+----------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer        |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ f2     | character(100) |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+
+\d+ tbl_heap
+                                 Table "tableam_display.tbl_heap"
+ Column |      Type      | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+----------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer        |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ f2     | character(100) |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+
+\set HIDE_TABLEAM off
+\d+ tbl_heap_psql
+                              Table "tableam_display.tbl_heap_psql"
+ Column |      Type      | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+----------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer        |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ f2     | character(100) |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Access method: heap_psql
+
+\d+ tbl_heap
+                                 Table "tableam_display.tbl_heap"
+ Column |      Type      | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+----------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer        |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ f2     | character(100) |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Access method: heap
+
+-- AM is displayed for tables, indexes and materialized views.
+\d+
+                                                           List of relations
+     Schema      |        Name        |       Type        |        Owner         | Persistence | Access method |  Size   | Description 
+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------+----------------------+-------------+---------------+---------+-------------
+ tableam_display | mat_view_heap_psql | materialized view | regress_display_role | permanent   | heap_psql     | 0 bytes | 
+ tableam_display | tbl_heap           | table             | regress_display_role | permanent   | heap          | 0 bytes | 
+ tableam_display | tbl_heap_psql      | table             | regress_display_role | permanent   | heap_psql     | 0 bytes | 
+ tableam_display | view_heap_psql     | view              | regress_display_role | permanent   |               | 0 bytes | 
+(4 rows)
+
+\dt+
+                                                  List of relations
+     Schema      |     Name      | Type  |        Owner         | Persistence | Access method |  Size   | Description 
+-----------------+---------------+-------+----------------------+-------------+---------------+---------+-------------
+ tableam_display | tbl_heap      | table | regress_display_role | permanent   | heap          | 0 bytes | 
+ tableam_display | tbl_heap_psql | table | regress_display_role | permanent   | heap_psql     | 0 bytes | 
+(2 rows)
+
+\dm+
+                                                           List of relations
+     Schema      |        Name        |       Type        |        Owner         | Persistence | Access method |  Size   | Description 
+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------+----------------------+-------------+---------------+---------+-------------
+ tableam_display | mat_view_heap_psql | materialized view | regress_display_role | permanent   | heap_psql     | 0 bytes | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- But not for views and sequences.
+\dv+
+                                          List of relations
+     Schema      |      Name      | Type |        Owner         | Persistence |  Size   | Description 
+-----------------+----------------+------+----------------------+-------------+---------+-------------
+ tableam_display | view_heap_psql | view | regress_display_role | permanent   | 0 bytes | 
+(1 row)
+
+\set HIDE_TABLEAM on
+\d+
+                                                   List of relations
+     Schema      |        Name        |       Type        |        Owner         | Persistence |  Size   | Description 
+-----------------+--------------------+-------------------+----------------------+-------------+---------+-------------
+ tableam_display | mat_view_heap_psql | materialized view | regress_display_role | permanent   | 0 bytes | 
+ tableam_display | tbl_heap           | table             | regress_display_role | permanent   | 0 bytes | 
+ tableam_display | tbl_heap_psql      | table             | regress_display_role | permanent   | 0 bytes | 
+ tableam_display | view_heap_psql     | view              | regress_display_role | permanent   | 0 bytes | 
+(4 rows)
+
+RESET ROLE;
+RESET search_path;
+DROP SCHEMA tableam_display CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 4 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table tableam_display.tbl_heap_psql
+drop cascades to table tableam_display.tbl_heap
+drop cascades to view tableam_display.view_heap_psql
+drop cascades to materialized view tableam_display.mat_view_heap_psql
+DROP ACCESS METHOD heap_psql;
+DROP ROLE regress_display_role;
+-- test numericlocale (as best we can without control of psql's locale)
+\pset format aligned
+\pset expanded off
+\pset numericlocale true
+select n, -n as m, n * 111 as x, '1e90'::float8 as f
+from generate_series(0,3) n;
+ n | m  |  x  |   f   
+---+----+-----+-------
+ 0 |  0 |   0 | 1e+90
+ 1 | -1 | 111 | 1e+90
+ 2 | -2 | 222 | 1e+90
+ 3 | -3 | 333 | 1e+90
+(4 rows)
+
+\pset numericlocale false
+-- test asciidoc output format
+\pset format asciidoc
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+
+.Sequence "public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq"
+[options="header",cols="<l,>l,>l,>l,>l,<l,>l",frame="none"]
+|====
+^l|Type ^l|Start ^l|Minimum ^l|Maximum ^l|Increment ^l|Cycles? ^l|Cache
+|integer |1 |1 |2147483647 |1 |no |1
+|====
+
+....
+Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id
+....
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+
+[cols="<l,<l,<l,<l,<l",frame="none"]
+|====
+|pg_catalog |exp |double precision |double precision |func
+|pg_catalog |exp |numeric |numeric |func
+|====
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+
+.Sequence "public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq"
+[cols="h,l",frame="none"]
+|====
+2+^|Record 1
+<l|Type <l|integer
+<l|Start >l|1
+<l|Minimum >l|1
+<l|Maximum >l|2147483647
+<l|Increment >l|1
+<l|Cycles? <l|no
+<l|Cache >l|1
+|====
+
+....
+Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id
+....
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+
+[cols="h,l",frame="none"]
+|====
+2+|
+<l|Schema <l|pg_catalog
+<l|Name <l|exp
+<l|Result data type <l|double precision
+<l|Argument data types <l|double precision
+<l|Type <l|func
+2+|
+<l|Schema <l|pg_catalog
+<l|Name <l|exp
+<l|Result data type <l|numeric
+<l|Argument data types <l|numeric
+<l|Type <l|func
+|====
+\pset tuples_only false
+prepare q as
+  select 'some|text' as "a|title", '        ' as "empty ", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+[options="header",cols="<l,<l,>l",frame="none",grid="none"]
+|====
+^l|a\|title ^l|empty  ^l|int
+|some\|text |  |1
+|some\|text |  |2
+|====
+
+....
+(2 rows)
+....
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+[options="header",cols="<l,<l,>l",frame="none"]
+|====
+^l|a\|title ^l|empty  ^l|int
+|some\|text |  |1
+|some\|text |  |2
+|====
+
+....
+(2 rows)
+....
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+
+[options="header",cols="<l,<l,>l",frame="all",grid="all"]
+|====
+^l|a\|title ^l|empty  ^l|int
+|some\|text |  |1
+|some\|text |  |2
+|====
+
+....
+(2 rows)
+....
+\pset expanded on
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+[cols="h,l",frame="none",grid="none"]
+|====
+2+^|Record 1
+<l|a\|title <l|some\|text
+<l|empty  <l| 
+<l|int >l|1
+2+^|Record 2
+<l|a\|title <l|some\|text
+<l|empty  <l| 
+<l|int >l|2
+|====
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+[cols="h,l",frame="none"]
+|====
+2+^|Record 1
+<l|a\|title <l|some\|text
+<l|empty  <l| 
+<l|int >l|1
+2+^|Record 2
+<l|a\|title <l|some\|text
+<l|empty  <l| 
+<l|int >l|2
+|====
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+
+[cols="h,l",frame="all",grid="all"]
+|====
+2+^|Record 1
+<l|a\|title <l|some\|text
+<l|empty  <l| 
+<l|int >l|1
+2+^|Record 2
+<l|a\|title <l|some\|text
+<l|empty  <l| 
+<l|int >l|2
+|====
+deallocate q;
+-- test csv output format
+\pset format csv
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+Type,Start,Minimum,Maximum,Increment,Cycles?,Cache
+integer,1,1,2147483647,1,no,1
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+pg_catalog,exp,double precision,double precision,func
+pg_catalog,exp,numeric,numeric,func
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+Type,integer
+Start,1
+Minimum,1
+Maximum,2147483647
+Increment,1
+Cycles?,no
+Cache,1
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+Schema,pg_catalog
+Name,exp
+Result data type,double precision
+Argument data types,double precision
+Type,func
+Schema,pg_catalog
+Name,exp
+Result data type,numeric
+Argument data types,numeric
+Type,func
+\pset tuples_only false
+prepare q as
+  select 'some"text' as "a""title", E'  <foo>\n<bar>' as "junk",
+         '   ' as "empty", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+\pset expanded off
+execute q;
+"a""title",junk,empty,int
+"some""text","  <foo>
+<bar>",   ,1
+"some""text","  <foo>
+<bar>",   ,2
+\pset expanded on
+execute q;
+"a""title","some""text"
+junk,"  <foo>
+<bar>"
+empty,   
+int,1
+"a""title","some""text"
+junk,"  <foo>
+<bar>"
+empty,   
+int,2
+deallocate q;
+-- special cases
+\pset expanded off
+select 'comma,comma' as comma, 'semi;semi' as semi;
+comma,semi
+"comma,comma",semi;semi
+\pset csv_fieldsep ';'
+select 'comma,comma' as comma, 'semi;semi' as semi;
+comma;semi
+comma,comma;"semi;semi"
+select '\.' as data;
+data
+"\."
+\pset csv_fieldsep '.'
+select '\' as d1, '' as d2;
+"d1"."d2"
+"\".""
+-- illegal csv separators
+\pset csv_fieldsep ''
+\pset: csv_fieldsep must be a single one-byte character
+\pset csv_fieldsep '\0'
+\pset: csv_fieldsep must be a single one-byte character
+\pset csv_fieldsep '\n'
+\pset: csv_fieldsep cannot be a double quote, a newline, or a carriage return
+\pset csv_fieldsep '\r'
+\pset: csv_fieldsep cannot be a double quote, a newline, or a carriage return
+\pset csv_fieldsep '"'
+\pset: csv_fieldsep cannot be a double quote, a newline, or a carriage return
+\pset csv_fieldsep ',,'
+\pset: csv_fieldsep must be a single one-byte character
+\pset csv_fieldsep ','
+-- test html output format
+\pset format html
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+<table border="1">
+  <caption>Sequence &quot;public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq&quot;</caption>
+  <tr>
+    <th align="center">Type</th>
+    <th align="center">Start</th>
+    <th align="center">Minimum</th>
+    <th align="center">Maximum</th>
+    <th align="center">Increment</th>
+    <th align="center">Cycles?</th>
+    <th align="center">Cache</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <td align="left">integer</td>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+    <td align="right">2147483647</td>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+    <td align="left">no</td>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id<br />
+</p>
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+<table border="1">
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <td align="left">pg_catalog</td>
+    <td align="left">exp</td>
+    <td align="left">double precision</td>
+    <td align="left">double precision</td>
+    <td align="left">func</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <td align="left">pg_catalog</td>
+    <td align="left">exp</td>
+    <td align="left">numeric</td>
+    <td align="left">numeric</td>
+    <td align="left">func</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+<table border="1">
+  <caption>Sequence &quot;public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq&quot;</caption>
+
+  <tr><td colspan="2" align="center">Record 1</td></tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Type</th>
+    <td align="left">integer</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Start</th>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Minimum</th>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Maximum</th>
+    <td align="right">2147483647</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Increment</th>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Cycles?</th>
+    <td align="left">no</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Cache</th>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id<br />
+</p>
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+<table border="1">
+
+  <tr><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Schema</th>
+    <td align="left">pg_catalog</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Name</th>
+    <td align="left">exp</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Result data type</th>
+    <td align="left">double precision</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Argument data types</th>
+    <td align="left">double precision</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Type</th>
+    <td align="left">func</td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Schema</th>
+    <td align="left">pg_catalog</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Name</th>
+    <td align="left">exp</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Result data type</th>
+    <td align="left">numeric</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Argument data types</th>
+    <td align="left">numeric</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>Type</th>
+    <td align="left">func</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+\pset tuples_only false
+prepare q as
+  select 'some"text' as "a&title", E'  <foo>\n<bar>' as "junk",
+         '   ' as "empty", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+<table border="0">
+  <tr>
+    <th align="center">a&amp;title</th>
+    <th align="center">junk</th>
+    <th align="center">empty</th>
+    <th align="center">int</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+    <td align="right">2</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>(2 rows)<br />
+</p>
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+<table border="1">
+  <tr>
+    <th align="center">a&amp;title</th>
+    <th align="center">junk</th>
+    <th align="center">empty</th>
+    <th align="center">int</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+    <td align="right">2</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>(2 rows)<br />
+</p>
+\pset tableattr foobar
+execute q;
+<table border="1" foobar>
+  <tr>
+    <th align="center">a&amp;title</th>
+    <th align="center">junk</th>
+    <th align="center">empty</th>
+    <th align="center">int</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+    <td align="right">2</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>(2 rows)<br />
+</p>
+\pset tableattr
+\pset expanded on
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+<table border="0">
+
+  <tr><td colspan="2" align="center">Record 1</td></tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>a&amp;title</th>
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>junk</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>empty</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>int</th>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr><td colspan="2" align="center">Record 2</td></tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>a&amp;title</th>
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>junk</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>empty</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>int</th>
+    <td align="right">2</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+<table border="1">
+
+  <tr><td colspan="2" align="center">Record 1</td></tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>a&amp;title</th>
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>junk</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>empty</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>int</th>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr><td colspan="2" align="center">Record 2</td></tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>a&amp;title</th>
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>junk</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>empty</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>int</th>
+    <td align="right">2</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+\pset tableattr foobar
+execute q;
+<table border="1" foobar>
+
+  <tr><td colspan="2" align="center">Record 1</td></tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>a&amp;title</th>
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>junk</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>empty</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>int</th>
+    <td align="right">1</td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr><td colspan="2" align="center">Record 2</td></tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>a&amp;title</th>
+    <td align="left">some&quot;text</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>junk</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;<br />
+&lt;bar&gt;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>empty</th>
+    <td align="left">&nbsp; </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr valign="top">
+    <th>int</th>
+    <td align="right">2</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+\pset tableattr
+deallocate q;
+-- test latex output format
+\pset format latex
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\begin{center}
+Sequence "public.psql\_serial\_tab\_id\_seq"
+\end{center}
+
+\begin{tabular}{l | r | r | r | r | l | r}
+\textit{Type} & \textit{Start} & \textit{Minimum} & \textit{Maximum} & \textit{Increment} & \textit{Cycles?} & \textit{Cache} \\
+\hline
+integer & 1 & 1 & 2147483647 & 1 & no & 1 \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent Owned by: public.psql\_serial\_tab.id \\
+
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\begin{tabular}{l | l | l | l | l}
+pg\_catalog & exp & double precision & double precision & func \\
+pg\_catalog & exp & numeric & numeric & func \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\begin{center}
+Sequence "public.psql\_serial\_tab\_id\_seq"
+\end{center}
+
+\begin{tabular}{c|l}
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{Record 1}} \\
+\hline
+Type & integer \\
+Start & 1 \\
+Minimum & 1 \\
+Maximum & 2147483647 \\
+Increment & 1 \\
+Cycles? & no \\
+Cache & 1 \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent Owned by: public.psql\_serial\_tab.id \\
+
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\begin{tabular}{c|l}
+\hline
+Schema & pg\_catalog \\
+Name & exp \\
+Result data type & double precision \\
+Argument data types & double precision \\
+Type & func \\
+\hline
+Schema & pg\_catalog \\
+Name & exp \\
+Result data type & numeric \\
+Argument data types & numeric \\
+Type & func \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+\pset tuples_only false
+prepare q as
+  select 'some\more_text' as "a$title", E'  #<foo>%&^~|\n{bar}' as "junk",
+         '   ' as "empty", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{lllr}
+\textit{a\$title} & \textit{junk} & \textit{empty} & \textit{int} \\
+\hline
+some\textbackslash{}more\_text &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} &     & 1 \\
+some\textbackslash{}more\_text &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} &     & 2 \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent (2 rows) \\
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{l | l | l | r}
+\textit{a\$title} & \textit{junk} & \textit{empty} & \textit{int} \\
+\hline
+some\textbackslash{}more\_text &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} &     & 1 \\
+some\textbackslash{}more\_text &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} &     & 2 \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent (2 rows) \\
+
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{| l | l | l | r |}
+\hline
+\textit{a\$title} & \textit{junk} & \textit{empty} & \textit{int} \\
+\hline
+some\textbackslash{}more\_text &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} &     & 1 \\
+some\textbackslash{}more\_text &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} &     & 2 \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent (2 rows) \\
+
+\pset border 3
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{| l | l | l | r |}
+\hline
+\textit{a\$title} & \textit{junk} & \textit{empty} & \textit{int} \\
+\hline
+some\textbackslash{}more\_text &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} &     & 1 \\
+\hline
+some\textbackslash{}more\_text &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} &     & 2 \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent (2 rows) \\
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{cl}
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{Record 1}} \\
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 1 \\
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{Record 2}} \\
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 2 \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{c|l}
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{Record 1}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 1 \\
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{Record 2}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 2 \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{|c|l|}
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{Record 1}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 1 \\
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{Record 2}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 2 \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+\pset border 3
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{|c|l|}
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{Record 1}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 1 \\
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{Record 2}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 2 \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+deallocate q;
+-- test latex-longtable output format
+\pset format latex-longtable
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\begin{longtable}{l | r | r | r | r | l | r}
+\small\textbf{\textit{Type}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Start}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Minimum}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Maximum}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Increment}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Cycles?}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Cache}} \\
+\midrule
+\endfirsthead
+\small\textbf{\textit{Type}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Start}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Minimum}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Maximum}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Increment}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Cycles?}} & \small\textbf{\textit{Cache}} \\
+\midrule
+\endhead
+\caption[Sequence "public.psql\_serial\_tab\_id\_seq" (Continued)]{Sequence "public.psql\_serial\_tab\_id\_seq"}
+\endfoot
+\caption[Sequence "public.psql\_serial\_tab\_id\_seq"]{Sequence "public.psql\_serial\_tab\_id\_seq"}
+\endlastfoot
+\raggedright{integer}
+&
+\raggedright{1}
+&
+\raggedright{1}
+&
+\raggedright{2147483647}
+&
+\raggedright{1}
+&
+\raggedright{no}
+&
+\raggedright{1} \tabularnewline
+\end{longtable}
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\begin{longtable}{l | l | l | l | l}
+\raggedright{pg\_catalog}
+&
+\raggedright{exp}
+&
+\raggedright{double precision}
+&
+\raggedright{double precision}
+&
+\raggedright{func} \tabularnewline
+\raggedright{pg\_catalog}
+&
+\raggedright{exp}
+&
+\raggedright{numeric}
+&
+\raggedright{numeric}
+&
+\raggedright{func} \tabularnewline
+\end{longtable}
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\begin{center}
+Sequence "public.psql\_serial\_tab\_id\_seq"
+\end{center}
+
+\begin{tabular}{c|l}
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{Record 1}} \\
+\hline
+Type & integer \\
+Start & 1 \\
+Minimum & 1 \\
+Maximum & 2147483647 \\
+Increment & 1 \\
+Cycles? & no \\
+Cache & 1 \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent Owned by: public.psql\_serial\_tab.id \\
+
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\begin{tabular}{c|l}
+\hline
+Schema & pg\_catalog \\
+Name & exp \\
+Result data type & double precision \\
+Argument data types & double precision \\
+Type & func \\
+\hline
+Schema & pg\_catalog \\
+Name & exp \\
+Result data type & numeric \\
+Argument data types & numeric \\
+Type & func \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+\pset tuples_only false
+prepare q as
+  select 'some\more_text' as "a$title", E'  #<foo>%&^~|\n{bar}' as "junk",
+         '   ' as "empty", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+\begin{longtable}{lllr}
+\small\textbf{\textit{a\$title}} & \small\textbf{\textit{junk}} & \small\textbf{\textit{empty}} & \small\textbf{\textit{int}} \\
+\midrule
+\endfirsthead
+\small\textbf{\textit{a\$title}} & \small\textbf{\textit{junk}} & \small\textbf{\textit{empty}} & \small\textbf{\textit{int}} \\
+\midrule
+\endhead
+\raggedright{some\textbackslash{}more\_text}
+&
+\raggedright{  \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\}}
+&
+\raggedright{   }
+&
+\raggedright{1} \tabularnewline
+\raggedright{some\textbackslash{}more\_text}
+&
+\raggedright{  \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\}}
+&
+\raggedright{   }
+&
+\raggedright{2} \tabularnewline
+\end{longtable}
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+\begin{longtable}{l | l | l | r}
+\small\textbf{\textit{a\$title}} & \small\textbf{\textit{junk}} & \small\textbf{\textit{empty}} & \small\textbf{\textit{int}} \\
+\midrule
+\endfirsthead
+\small\textbf{\textit{a\$title}} & \small\textbf{\textit{junk}} & \small\textbf{\textit{empty}} & \small\textbf{\textit{int}} \\
+\midrule
+\endhead
+\raggedright{some\textbackslash{}more\_text}
+&
+\raggedright{  \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\}}
+&
+\raggedright{   }
+&
+\raggedright{1} \tabularnewline
+\raggedright{some\textbackslash{}more\_text}
+&
+\raggedright{  \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\}}
+&
+\raggedright{   }
+&
+\raggedright{2} \tabularnewline
+\end{longtable}
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+\begin{longtable}{| l | l | l | r |}
+\toprule
+\small\textbf{\textit{a\$title}} & \small\textbf{\textit{junk}} & \small\textbf{\textit{empty}} & \small\textbf{\textit{int}} \\
+\midrule
+\endfirsthead
+\toprule
+\small\textbf{\textit{a\$title}} & \small\textbf{\textit{junk}} & \small\textbf{\textit{empty}} & \small\textbf{\textit{int}} \\
+\midrule
+\endhead
+\bottomrule
+\endfoot
+\bottomrule
+\endlastfoot
+\raggedright{some\textbackslash{}more\_text}
+&
+\raggedright{  \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\}}
+&
+\raggedright{   }
+&
+\raggedright{1} \tabularnewline
+\raggedright{some\textbackslash{}more\_text}
+&
+\raggedright{  \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\}}
+&
+\raggedright{   }
+&
+\raggedright{2} \tabularnewline
+\end{longtable}
+\pset border 3
+execute q;
+\begin{longtable}{| l | l | l | r |}
+\toprule
+\small\textbf{\textit{a\$title}} & \small\textbf{\textit{junk}} & \small\textbf{\textit{empty}} & \small\textbf{\textit{int}} \\
+\midrule
+\endfirsthead
+\toprule
+\small\textbf{\textit{a\$title}} & \small\textbf{\textit{junk}} & \small\textbf{\textit{empty}} & \small\textbf{\textit{int}} \\
+\endhead
+\bottomrule
+\endfoot
+\bottomrule
+\endlastfoot
+\raggedright{some\textbackslash{}more\_text}
+&
+\raggedright{  \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\}}
+&
+\raggedright{   }
+&
+\raggedright{1} \tabularnewline
+ \hline
+\raggedright{some\textbackslash{}more\_text}
+&
+\raggedright{  \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\}}
+&
+\raggedright{   }
+&
+\raggedright{2} \tabularnewline
+ \hline
+\end{longtable}
+\pset tableattr lr
+execute q;
+\begin{longtable}{| p{lr\textwidth} | p{lr\textwidth} | p{lr\textwidth} | r |}
+\toprule
+\small\textbf{\textit{a\$title}} & \small\textbf{\textit{junk}} & \small\textbf{\textit{empty}} & \small\textbf{\textit{int}} \\
+\midrule
+\endfirsthead
+\toprule
+\small\textbf{\textit{a\$title}} & \small\textbf{\textit{junk}} & \small\textbf{\textit{empty}} & \small\textbf{\textit{int}} \\
+\endhead
+\bottomrule
+\endfoot
+\bottomrule
+\endlastfoot
+\raggedright{some\textbackslash{}more\_text}
+&
+\raggedright{  \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\}}
+&
+\raggedright{   }
+&
+\raggedright{1} \tabularnewline
+ \hline
+\raggedright{some\textbackslash{}more\_text}
+&
+\raggedright{  \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\}}
+&
+\raggedright{   }
+&
+\raggedright{2} \tabularnewline
+ \hline
+\end{longtable}
+\pset tableattr
+\pset expanded on
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{cl}
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{Record 1}} \\
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 1 \\
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{Record 2}} \\
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 2 \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{c|l}
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{Record 1}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 1 \\
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textit{Record 2}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 2 \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{|c|l|}
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{Record 1}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 1 \\
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{Record 2}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 2 \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+\pset border 3
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{|c|l|}
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{Record 1}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 1 \\
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{Record 2}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 2 \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+\pset tableattr lr
+execute q;
+\begin{tabular}{|c|l|}
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{Record 1}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 1 \\
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{Record 2}} \\
+\hline
+a\$title & some\textbackslash{}more\_text \\
+junk &   \#\textless{}foo\textgreater{}\%\&\^{}\~{}\textbar{}\\\{bar\} \\
+empty &     \\
+int & 2 \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+
+\noindent 
+\pset tableattr
+deallocate q;
+-- test troff-ms output format
+\pset format troff-ms
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+.LP
+.DS C
+Sequence "public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq"
+.DE
+.LP
+.TS
+center;
+l | r | r | r | r | l | r.
+\fIType\fP	\fIStart\fP	\fIMinimum\fP	\fIMaximum\fP	\fIIncrement\fP	\fICycles?\fP	\fICache\fP
+_
+integer	1	1	2147483647	1	no	1
+.TE
+.DS L
+Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id
+.DE
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+.LP
+.TS
+center;
+l | l | l | l | l.
+pg_catalog	exp	double precision	double precision	func
+pg_catalog	exp	numeric	numeric	func
+.TE
+.DS L
+.DE
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+.LP
+.DS C
+Sequence "public.psql_serial_tab_id_seq"
+.DE
+.LP
+.TS
+center;
+c s.
+\fIRecord 1\fP
+_
+.T&
+c | l.
+Type	integer
+Start	1
+Minimum	1
+Maximum	2147483647
+Increment	1
+Cycles?	no
+Cache	1
+.TE
+.DS L
+Owned by: public.psql_serial_tab.id
+.DE
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+.LP
+.TS
+center;
+c l;
+_
+Schema	pg_catalog
+Name	exp
+Result data type	double precision
+Argument data types	double precision
+Type	func
+_
+Schema	pg_catalog
+Name	exp
+Result data type	numeric
+Argument data types	numeric
+Type	func
+.TE
+.DS L
+.DE
+\pset tuples_only false
+prepare q as
+  select 'some\text' as "a\title", E'  <foo>\n<bar>' as "junk",
+         '   ' as "empty", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+.LP
+.TS
+center;
+lllr.
+\fIa\(rstitle\fP	\fIjunk\fP	\fIempty\fP	\fIint\fP
+_
+some\(rstext	  <foo>
+<bar>	   	1
+some\(rstext	  <foo>
+<bar>	   	2
+.TE
+.DS L
+(2 rows)
+.DE
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+.LP
+.TS
+center;
+l | l | l | r.
+\fIa\(rstitle\fP	\fIjunk\fP	\fIempty\fP	\fIint\fP
+_
+some\(rstext	  <foo>
+<bar>	   	1
+some\(rstext	  <foo>
+<bar>	   	2
+.TE
+.DS L
+(2 rows)
+.DE
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+.LP
+.TS
+center box;
+l | l | l | r.
+\fIa\(rstitle\fP	\fIjunk\fP	\fIempty\fP	\fIint\fP
+_
+some\(rstext	  <foo>
+<bar>	   	1
+some\(rstext	  <foo>
+<bar>	   	2
+.TE
+.DS L
+(2 rows)
+.DE
+\pset expanded on
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+.LP
+.TS
+center;
+c s.
+\fIRecord 1\fP
+.T&
+c l.
+a\(rstitle	some\(rstext
+junk	  <foo>
+<bar>
+empty	   
+int	1
+.T&
+c s.
+\fIRecord 2\fP
+.T&
+c l.
+a\(rstitle	some\(rstext
+junk	  <foo>
+<bar>
+empty	   
+int	2
+.TE
+.DS L
+.DE
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+.LP
+.TS
+center;
+c s.
+\fIRecord 1\fP
+_
+.T&
+c | l.
+a\(rstitle	some\(rstext
+junk	  <foo>
+<bar>
+empty	   
+int	1
+.T&
+c s.
+\fIRecord 2\fP
+_
+.T&
+c | l.
+a\(rstitle	some\(rstext
+junk	  <foo>
+<bar>
+empty	   
+int	2
+.TE
+.DS L
+.DE
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+.LP
+.TS
+center box;
+c s.
+\fIRecord 1\fP
+_
+.T&
+c l.
+a\(rstitle	some\(rstext
+junk	  <foo>
+<bar>
+empty	   
+int	1
+_
+.T&
+c s.
+\fIRecord 2\fP
+_
+.T&
+c l.
+a\(rstitle	some\(rstext
+junk	  <foo>
+<bar>
+empty	   
+int	2
+.TE
+.DS L
+.DE
+deallocate q;
+-- check ambiguous format requests
+\pset format a
+\pset: ambiguous abbreviation "a" matches both "aligned" and "asciidoc"
+\pset format l
+-- clean up after output format tests
+drop table psql_serial_tab;
+\pset format aligned
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 1
+-- \echo and allied features
+\echo this is a test
+this is a test
+\echo -n without newline
+without newline\echo with -n newline
+with -n newline
+\echo '-n' with newline
+-n with newline
+\set foo bar
+\echo foo = :foo
+foo = bar
+\qecho this is a test
+this is a test
+\qecho foo = :foo
+foo = bar
+\warn this is a test
+this is a test
+\warn foo = :foo
+foo = bar
+-- tests for \if ... \endif
+\if true
+  select 'okay';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ okay
+(1 row)
+
+  select 'still okay';
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ still okay
+(1 row)
+
+\else
+  not okay;
+  still not okay
+\endif
+-- at this point query buffer should still have last valid line
+\g
+  ?column?  
+------------
+ still okay
+(1 row)
+
+-- \if should work okay on part of a query
+select
+  \if true
+    42
+  \else
+    (bogus
+  \endif
+  forty_two;
+ forty_two 
+-----------
+        42
+(1 row)
+
+select \if false \\ (bogus \else \\ 42 \endif \\ forty_two;
+ forty_two 
+-----------
+        42
+(1 row)
+
+-- test a large nested if using a variety of true-equivalents
+\if true
+	\if 1
+		\if yes
+			\if on
+				\echo 'all true'
+all true
+			\else
+				\echo 'should not print #1-1'
+			\endif
+		\else
+			\echo 'should not print #1-2'
+		\endif
+	\else
+		\echo 'should not print #1-3'
+	\endif
+\else
+	\echo 'should not print #1-4'
+\endif
+-- test a variety of false-equivalents in an if/elif/else structure
+\if false
+	\echo 'should not print #2-1'
+\elif 0
+	\echo 'should not print #2-2'
+\elif no
+	\echo 'should not print #2-3'
+\elif off
+	\echo 'should not print #2-4'
+\else
+	\echo 'all false'
+all false
+\endif
+-- test true-false elif after initial true branch
+\if true
+	\echo 'should print #2-5'
+should print #2-5
+\elif true
+	\echo 'should not print #2-6'
+\elif false
+	\echo 'should not print #2-7'
+\else
+	\echo 'should not print #2-8'
+\endif
+-- test simple true-then-else
+\if true
+	\echo 'first thing true'
+first thing true
+\else
+	\echo 'should not print #3-1'
+\endif
+-- test simple false-true-else
+\if false
+	\echo 'should not print #4-1'
+\elif true
+	\echo 'second thing true'
+second thing true
+\else
+	\echo 'should not print #5-1'
+\endif
+-- invalid boolean expressions are false
+\if invalid boolean expression
+unrecognized value "invalid boolean expression" for "\if expression": Boolean expected
+	\echo 'will not print #6-1'
+\else
+	\echo 'will print anyway #6-2'
+will print anyway #6-2
+\endif
+-- test un-matched endif
+\endif
+\endif: no matching \if
+-- test un-matched else
+\else
+\else: no matching \if
+-- test un-matched elif
+\elif
+\elif: no matching \if
+-- test double-else error
+\if true
+\else
+\else
+\else: cannot occur after \else
+\endif
+-- test elif out-of-order
+\if false
+\else
+\elif
+\elif: cannot occur after \else
+\endif
+-- test if-endif matching in a false branch
+\if false
+    \if false
+        \echo 'should not print #7-1'
+    \else
+        \echo 'should not print #7-2'
+    \endif
+    \echo 'should not print #7-3'
+\else
+    \echo 'should print #7-4'
+should print #7-4
+\endif
+-- show that vars and backticks are not expanded when ignoring extra args
+\set foo bar
+\echo :foo :'foo' :"foo"
+bar 'bar' "bar"
+\pset fieldsep | `nosuchcommand` :foo :'foo' :"foo"
+\pset: extra argument "nosuchcommand" ignored
+\pset: extra argument ":foo" ignored
+\pset: extra argument ":'foo'" ignored
+\pset: extra argument ":"foo"" ignored
+-- show that vars and backticks are not expanded and commands are ignored
+-- when in a false if-branch
+\set try_to_quit '\\q'
+\if false
+	:try_to_quit
+	\echo `nosuchcommand` :foo :'foo' :"foo"
+	\pset fieldsep | `nosuchcommand` :foo :'foo' :"foo"
+	\a
+	\C arg1
+	\c arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4
+	\cd arg1
+	\conninfo
+	\copy arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6
+	\copyright
+	SELECT 1 as one, 2, 3 \crosstabview
+	\dt arg1
+	\e arg1 arg2
+	\ef whole_line
+	\ev whole_line
+	\echo arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5
+	\echo arg1
+	\encoding arg1
+	\errverbose
+	\f arg1
+	\g arg1
+	\gx arg1
+	\gexec
+	SELECT 1 AS one \gset
+	\h
+	\?
+	\html
+	\i arg1
+	\ir arg1
+	\l arg1
+	\lo arg1 arg2
+invalid command \lo
+	\lo_list
+	\o arg1
+	\p
+	\password arg1
+	\prompt arg1 arg2
+	\pset arg1 arg2
+	\q
+	\reset
+	\s arg1
+	\set arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 arg7
+	\setenv arg1 arg2
+	\sf whole_line
+	\sv whole_line
+	\t arg1
+	\T arg1
+	\timing arg1
+	\unset arg1
+	\w arg1
+	\watch arg1
+	\x arg1
+	-- \else here is eaten as part of OT_FILEPIPE argument
+	\w |/no/such/file \else
+	-- \endif here is eaten as part of whole-line argument
+	\! whole_line \endif
+	\z
+\else
+	\echo 'should print #8-1'
+should print #8-1
+\endif
+-- :{?...} defined variable test
+\set i 1
+\if :{?i}
+  \echo '#9-1 ok, variable i is defined'
+#9-1 ok, variable i is defined
+\else
+  \echo 'should not print #9-2'
+\endif
+\if :{?no_such_variable}
+  \echo 'should not print #10-1'
+\else
+  \echo '#10-2 ok, variable no_such_variable is not defined'
+#10-2 ok, variable no_such_variable is not defined
+\endif
+SELECT :{?i} AS i_is_defined;
+ i_is_defined 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT NOT :{?no_such_var} AS no_such_var_is_not_defined;
+ no_such_var_is_not_defined 
+----------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- SHOW_CONTEXT
+\set SHOW_CONTEXT never
+do $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'foo';
+  raise exception 'bar';
+end $$;
+NOTICE:  foo
+ERROR:  bar
+\set SHOW_CONTEXT errors
+do $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'foo';
+  raise exception 'bar';
+end $$;
+NOTICE:  foo
+ERROR:  bar
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at RAISE
+\set SHOW_CONTEXT always
+do $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'foo';
+  raise exception 'bar';
+end $$;
+NOTICE:  foo
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 3 at RAISE
+ERROR:  bar
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at RAISE
+-- test printing and clearing the query buffer
+SELECT 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+\p
+SELECT 1;
+SELECT 2 \r
+\p
+SELECT 1;
+SELECT 3 \p
+SELECT 3 
+UNION SELECT 4 \p
+SELECT 3 
+UNION SELECT 4 
+UNION SELECT 5
+ORDER BY 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        3
+        4
+        5
+(3 rows)
+
+\r
+\p
+SELECT 3 
+UNION SELECT 4 
+UNION SELECT 5
+ORDER BY 1;
+-- tests for special result variables
+-- working query, 2 rows selected
+SELECT 1 AS stuff UNION SELECT 2;
+ stuff 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+(2 rows)
+
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+error: false
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+error code: 00000
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+number of rows: 2
+-- syntax error
+SELECT 1 UNION;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: SELECT 1 UNION;
+                      ^
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+error: true
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+error code: 42601
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+number of rows: 0
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+last error message: syntax error at or near ";"
+\echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
+last error code: 42601
+-- empty query
+;
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+error: false
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+error code: 00000
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+number of rows: 0
+-- must have kept previous values
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+last error message: syntax error at or near ";"
+\echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
+last error code: 42601
+-- other query error
+DROP TABLE this_table_does_not_exist;
+ERROR:  table "this_table_does_not_exist" does not exist
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+error: true
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+error code: 42P01
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+number of rows: 0
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+last error message: table "this_table_does_not_exist" does not exist
+\echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
+last error code: 42P01
+-- nondefault verbosity error settings (except verbose, which is too unstable)
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+SELECT 1 UNION;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";" at character 15
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+error: true
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+error code: 42601
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+last error message: syntax error at or near ";"
+\set VERBOSITY sqlstate
+SELECT 1/0;
+ERROR:  22012
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+error: true
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+error code: 22012
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+last error message: division by zero
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- working \gdesc
+SELECT 3 AS three, 4 AS four \gdesc
+ Column |  Type   
+--------+---------
+ three  | integer
+ four   | integer
+(2 rows)
+
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+error: false
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+error code: 00000
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+number of rows: 2
+-- \gdesc with an error
+SELECT 4 AS \gdesc
+ERROR:  syntax error at end of input
+LINE 1: SELECT 4 AS 
+                    ^
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+error: true
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+error code: 42601
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+number of rows: 0
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+last error message: syntax error at end of input
+\echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
+last error code: 42601
+-- check row count for a cursor-fetched query
+\set FETCH_COUNT 10
+select unique2 from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 19;
+ unique2 
+---------
+       0
+       1
+       2
+       3
+       4
+       5
+       6
+       7
+       8
+       9
+      10
+      11
+      12
+      13
+      14
+      15
+      16
+      17
+      18
+(19 rows)
+
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+error: false
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+error code: 00000
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+number of rows: 19
+-- cursor-fetched query with an error after the first group
+select 1/(15-unique2) from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 19;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+ERROR:  division by zero
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+error: true
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+error code: 22012
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+number of rows: 0
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+last error message: division by zero
+\echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
+last error code: 22012
+\unset FETCH_COUNT
+create schema testpart;
+create role regress_partitioning_role;
+alter schema testpart owner to regress_partitioning_role;
+set role to regress_partitioning_role;
+-- run test inside own schema and hide other partitions
+set search_path to testpart;
+create table testtable_apple(logdate date);
+create table testtable_orange(logdate date);
+create index testtable_apple_index on testtable_apple(logdate);
+create index testtable_orange_index on testtable_orange(logdate);
+create table testpart_apple(logdate date) partition by range(logdate);
+create table testpart_orange(logdate date) partition by range(logdate);
+create index testpart_apple_index on testpart_apple(logdate);
+create index testpart_orange_index on testpart_orange(logdate);
+-- only partition related object should be displayed
+\dP test*apple*
+                                         List of partitioned relations
+  Schema  |         Name         |           Owner           |       Type        | Parent name |     Table      
+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+-------------+----------------
+ testpart | testpart_apple       | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned table |             | 
+ testpart | testpart_apple_index | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned index |             | testpart_apple
+(2 rows)
+
+\dPt test*apple*
+                     List of partitioned tables
+  Schema  |      Name      |           Owner           | Parent name 
+----------+----------------+---------------------------+-------------
+ testpart | testpart_apple | regress_partitioning_role | 
+(1 row)
+
+\dPi test*apple*
+                                List of partitioned indexes
+  Schema  |         Name         |           Owner           | Parent name |     Table      
+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------+----------------
+ testpart | testpart_apple_index | regress_partitioning_role |             | testpart_apple
+(1 row)
+
+drop table testtable_apple;
+drop table testtable_orange;
+drop table testpart_apple;
+drop table testpart_orange;
+create table parent_tab (id int) partition by range (id);
+create index parent_index on parent_tab (id);
+create table child_0_10 partition of parent_tab
+  for values from (0) to (10);
+create table child_10_20 partition of parent_tab
+  for values from (10) to (20);
+create table child_20_30 partition of parent_tab
+  for values from (20) to (30);
+insert into parent_tab values (generate_series(0,29));
+create table child_30_40 partition of parent_tab
+for values from (30) to (40)
+  partition by range(id);
+create table child_30_35 partition of child_30_40
+  for values from (30) to (35);
+create table child_35_40 partition of child_30_40
+   for values from (35) to (40);
+insert into parent_tab values (generate_series(30,39));
+\dPt
+            List of partitioned tables
+  Schema  |    Name    |           Owner           
+----------+------------+---------------------------
+ testpart | parent_tab | regress_partitioning_role
+(1 row)
+
+\dPi
+                   List of partitioned indexes
+  Schema  |     Name     |           Owner           |   Table    
+----------+--------------+---------------------------+------------
+ testpart | parent_index | regress_partitioning_role | parent_tab
+(1 row)
+
+\dP testpart.*
+                                       List of partitioned relations
+  Schema  |        Name        |           Owner           |       Type        | Parent name  |    Table    
+----------+--------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+--------------+-------------
+ testpart | parent_tab         | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned table |              | 
+ testpart | child_30_40        | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned table | parent_tab   | 
+ testpart | parent_index       | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned index |              | parent_tab
+ testpart | child_30_40_id_idx | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned index | parent_index | child_30_40
+(4 rows)
+
+\dP
+                            List of partitioned relations
+  Schema  |     Name     |           Owner           |       Type        |   Table    
+----------+--------------+---------------------------+-------------------+------------
+ testpart | parent_tab   | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned table | 
+ testpart | parent_index | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned index | parent_tab
+(2 rows)
+
+\dPtn
+                    List of partitioned tables
+  Schema  |    Name     |           Owner           | Parent name 
+----------+-------------+---------------------------+-------------
+ testpart | parent_tab  | regress_partitioning_role | 
+ testpart | child_30_40 | regress_partitioning_role | parent_tab
+(2 rows)
+
+\dPin
+                              List of partitioned indexes
+  Schema  |        Name        |           Owner           | Parent name  |    Table    
+----------+--------------------+---------------------------+--------------+-------------
+ testpart | parent_index       | regress_partitioning_role |              | parent_tab
+ testpart | child_30_40_id_idx | regress_partitioning_role | parent_index | child_30_40
+(2 rows)
+
+\dPn
+                                       List of partitioned relations
+  Schema  |        Name        |           Owner           |       Type        | Parent name  |    Table    
+----------+--------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+--------------+-------------
+ testpart | parent_tab         | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned table |              | 
+ testpart | child_30_40        | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned table | parent_tab   | 
+ testpart | parent_index       | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned index |              | parent_tab
+ testpart | child_30_40_id_idx | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned index | parent_index | child_30_40
+(4 rows)
+
+\dPn testpart.*
+                                       List of partitioned relations
+  Schema  |        Name        |           Owner           |       Type        | Parent name  |    Table    
+----------+--------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+--------------+-------------
+ testpart | parent_tab         | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned table |              | 
+ testpart | child_30_40        | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned table | parent_tab   | 
+ testpart | parent_index       | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned index |              | parent_tab
+ testpart | child_30_40_id_idx | regress_partitioning_role | partitioned index | parent_index | child_30_40
+(4 rows)
+
+drop table parent_tab cascade;
+drop schema testpart;
+set search_path to default;
+set role to default;
+drop role regress_partitioning_role;
+-- \d on toast table (use pg_statistic's toast table, which has a known name)
+\d pg_toast.pg_toast_2619
+TOAST table "pg_toast.pg_toast_2619"
+   Column   |  Type   
+------------+---------
+ chunk_id   | oid
+ chunk_seq  | integer
+ chunk_data | bytea
+Owning table: "pg_catalog.pg_statistic"
+Indexes:
+    "pg_toast_2619_index" PRIMARY KEY, btree (chunk_id, chunk_seq)
+
+-- check printing info about access methods
+\dA
+List of access methods
+  Name  | Type  
+--------+-------
+ brin   | Index
+ btree  | Index
+ gin    | Index
+ gist   | Index
+ hash   | Index
+ heap   | Table
+ heap2  | Table
+ spgist | Index
+(8 rows)
+
+\dA *
+List of access methods
+  Name  | Type  
+--------+-------
+ brin   | Index
+ btree  | Index
+ gin    | Index
+ gist   | Index
+ hash   | Index
+ heap   | Table
+ heap2  | Table
+ spgist | Index
+(8 rows)
+
+\dA h*
+List of access methods
+ Name  | Type  
+-------+-------
+ hash  | Index
+ heap  | Table
+ heap2 | Table
+(3 rows)
+
+\dA foo
+List of access methods
+ Name | Type 
+------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dA foo bar
+List of access methods
+ Name | Type 
+------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dA: extra argument "bar" ignored
+\dA+
+                             List of access methods
+  Name  | Type  |       Handler        |              Description               
+--------+-------+----------------------+----------------------------------------
+ brin   | Index | brinhandler          | block range index (BRIN) access method
+ btree  | Index | bthandler            | b-tree index access method
+ gin    | Index | ginhandler           | GIN index access method
+ gist   | Index | gisthandler          | GiST index access method
+ hash   | Index | hashhandler          | hash index access method
+ heap   | Table | heap_tableam_handler | heap table access method
+ heap2  | Table | heap_tableam_handler | 
+ spgist | Index | spghandler           | SP-GiST index access method
+(8 rows)
+
+\dA+ *
+                             List of access methods
+  Name  | Type  |       Handler        |              Description               
+--------+-------+----------------------+----------------------------------------
+ brin   | Index | brinhandler          | block range index (BRIN) access method
+ btree  | Index | bthandler            | b-tree index access method
+ gin    | Index | ginhandler           | GIN index access method
+ gist   | Index | gisthandler          | GiST index access method
+ hash   | Index | hashhandler          | hash index access method
+ heap   | Table | heap_tableam_handler | heap table access method
+ heap2  | Table | heap_tableam_handler | 
+ spgist | Index | spghandler           | SP-GiST index access method
+(8 rows)
+
+\dA+ h*
+                     List of access methods
+ Name  | Type  |       Handler        |       Description        
+-------+-------+----------------------+--------------------------
+ hash  | Index | hashhandler          | hash index access method
+ heap  | Table | heap_tableam_handler | heap table access method
+ heap2 | Table | heap_tableam_handler | 
+(3 rows)
+
+\dA+ foo
+       List of access methods
+ Name | Type | Handler | Description 
+------+------+---------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dAc brin pg*.oid*
+                      List of operator classes
+  AM  | Input type | Storage type |    Operator class    | Default? 
+------+------------+--------------+----------------------+----------
+ brin | oid        |              | oid_bloom_ops        | no
+ brin | oid        |              | oid_minmax_multi_ops | no
+ brin | oid        |              | oid_minmax_ops       | yes
+(3 rows)
+
+\dAf spgist
+          List of operator families
+   AM   | Operator family | Applicable types 
+--------+-----------------+------------------
+ spgist | box_ops         | box
+ spgist | kd_point_ops    | point
+ spgist | network_ops     | inet
+ spgist | poly_ops        | polygon
+ spgist | quad_point_ops  | point
+ spgist | range_ops       | anyrange
+ spgist | text_ops        | text
+(7 rows)
+
+\dAf btree int4
+              List of operator families
+  AM   | Operator family |     Applicable types      
+-------+-----------------+---------------------------
+ btree | integer_ops     | smallint, integer, bigint
+(1 row)
+
+\dAo+ btree float_ops
+                                List of operators of operator families
+  AM   | Operator family |               Operator                | Strategy | Purpose | Sort opfamily 
+-------+-----------------+---------------------------------------+----------+---------+---------------
+ btree | float_ops       | <(double precision,double precision)  |        1 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | <=(double precision,double precision) |        2 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | =(double precision,double precision)  |        3 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | >=(double precision,double precision) |        4 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | >(double precision,double precision)  |        5 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | <(real,real)                          |        1 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | <=(real,real)                         |        2 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | =(real,real)                          |        3 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | >=(real,real)                         |        4 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | >(real,real)                          |        5 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | <(double precision,real)              |        1 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | <=(double precision,real)             |        2 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | =(double precision,real)              |        3 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | >=(double precision,real)             |        4 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | >(double precision,real)              |        5 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | <(real,double precision)              |        1 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | <=(real,double precision)             |        2 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | =(real,double precision)              |        3 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | >=(real,double precision)             |        4 | search  | 
+ btree | float_ops       | >(real,double precision)              |        5 | search  | 
+(20 rows)
+
+\dAo * pg_catalog.jsonb_path_ops
+             List of operators of operator families
+ AM  | Operator family |      Operator      | Strategy | Purpose 
+-----+-----------------+--------------------+----------+---------
+ gin | jsonb_path_ops  | @>(jsonb,jsonb)    |        7 | search
+ gin | jsonb_path_ops  | @?(jsonb,jsonpath) |       15 | search
+ gin | jsonb_path_ops  | @@(jsonb,jsonpath) |       16 | search
+(3 rows)
+
+\dAp+ btree float_ops
+                                                         List of support functions of operator families
+  AM   | Operator family | Registered left type | Registered right type | Number |                                   Function                                   
+-------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ btree | float_ops       | double precision     | double precision      |      1 | btfloat8cmp(double precision,double precision)
+ btree | float_ops       | double precision     | double precision      |      2 | btfloat8sortsupport(internal)
+ btree | float_ops       | double precision     | double precision      |      3 | in_range(double precision,double precision,double precision,boolean,boolean)
+ btree | float_ops       | real                 | real                  |      1 | btfloat4cmp(real,real)
+ btree | float_ops       | real                 | real                  |      2 | btfloat4sortsupport(internal)
+ btree | float_ops       | double precision     | real                  |      1 | btfloat84cmp(double precision,real)
+ btree | float_ops       | real                 | double precision      |      1 | btfloat48cmp(real,double precision)
+ btree | float_ops       | real                 | double precision      |      3 | in_range(real,real,double precision,boolean,boolean)
+(8 rows)
+
+\dAp * pg_catalog.uuid_ops
+                            List of support functions of operator families
+  AM   | Operator family | Registered left type | Registered right type | Number |      Function      
+-------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+--------+--------------------
+ btree | uuid_ops        | uuid                 | uuid                  |      1 | uuid_cmp
+ btree | uuid_ops        | uuid                 | uuid                  |      2 | uuid_sortsupport
+ btree | uuid_ops        | uuid                 | uuid                  |      4 | btequalimage
+ hash  | uuid_ops        | uuid                 | uuid                  |      1 | uuid_hash
+ hash  | uuid_ops        | uuid                 | uuid                  |      2 | uuid_hash_extended
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check \dconfig
+set work_mem = 10240;
+\dconfig work_mem
+List of configuration parameters
+ Parameter | Value 
+-----------+-------
+ work_mem  | 10MB
+(1 row)
+
+\dconfig+ work*
+             List of configuration parameters
+ Parameter | Value |  Type   | Context | Access privileges 
+-----------+-------+---------+---------+-------------------
+ work_mem  | 10MB  | integer | user    | 
+(1 row)
+
+reset work_mem;
+-- check \df, \do with argument specifications
+\df *sqrt
+                             List of functions
+   Schema   |     Name     | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+------------+--------------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ pg_catalog | dsqrt        | double precision | double precision    | func
+ pg_catalog | numeric_sqrt | numeric          | numeric             | func
+ pg_catalog | sqrt         | double precision | double precision    | func
+ pg_catalog | sqrt         | numeric          | numeric             | func
+(4 rows)
+
+\df *sqrt num*
+                             List of functions
+   Schema   |     Name     | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+------------+--------------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ pg_catalog | numeric_sqrt | numeric          | numeric             | func
+ pg_catalog | sqrt         | numeric          | numeric             | func
+(2 rows)
+
+\df int*pl
+                            List of functions
+   Schema   |    Name     | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+------------+-------------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ pg_catalog | int24pl     | integer          | smallint, integer   | func
+ pg_catalog | int28pl     | bigint           | smallint, bigint    | func
+ pg_catalog | int2pl      | smallint         | smallint, smallint  | func
+ pg_catalog | int42pl     | integer          | integer, smallint   | func
+ pg_catalog | int48pl     | bigint           | integer, bigint     | func
+ pg_catalog | int4pl      | integer          | integer, integer    | func
+ pg_catalog | int82pl     | bigint           | bigint, smallint    | func
+ pg_catalog | int84pl     | bigint           | bigint, integer     | func
+ pg_catalog | int8pl      | bigint           | bigint, bigint      | func
+ pg_catalog | interval_pl | interval         | interval, interval  | func
+(10 rows)
+
+\df int*pl int4
+                          List of functions
+   Schema   |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+------------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ pg_catalog | int42pl | integer          | integer, smallint   | func
+ pg_catalog | int48pl | bigint           | integer, bigint     | func
+ pg_catalog | int4pl  | integer          | integer, integer    | func
+(3 rows)
+
+\df int*pl * pg_catalog.int8
+                          List of functions
+   Schema   |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+------------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ pg_catalog | int28pl | bigint           | smallint, bigint    | func
+ pg_catalog | int48pl | bigint           | integer, bigint     | func
+ pg_catalog | int8pl  | bigint           | bigint, bigint      | func
+(3 rows)
+
+\df acl* aclitem[]
+                                                                    List of functions
+   Schema   |    Name     | Result data type |                                        Argument data types                                         | Type 
+------------+-------------+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------
+ pg_catalog | aclcontains | boolean          | aclitem[], aclitem                                                                                 | func
+ pg_catalog | aclexplode  | SETOF record     | acl aclitem[], OUT grantor oid, OUT grantee oid, OUT privilege_type text, OUT is_grantable boolean | func
+ pg_catalog | aclinsert   | aclitem[]        | aclitem[], aclitem                                                                                 | func
+ pg_catalog | aclremove   | aclitem[]        | aclitem[], aclitem                                                                                 | func
+(4 rows)
+
+\df has_database_privilege oid text
+                                  List of functions
+   Schema   |          Name          | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+------------+------------------------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ pg_catalog | has_database_privilege | boolean          | oid, text           | func
+ pg_catalog | has_database_privilege | boolean          | oid, text, text     | func
+(2 rows)
+
+\df has_database_privilege oid text -
+                                  List of functions
+   Schema   |          Name          | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+------------+------------------------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ pg_catalog | has_database_privilege | boolean          | oid, text           | func
+(1 row)
+
+\dfa bit* small*
+                          List of functions
+   Schema   |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+------------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------
+ pg_catalog | bit_and | smallint         | smallint            | agg
+ pg_catalog | bit_or  | smallint         | smallint            | agg
+ pg_catalog | bit_xor | smallint         | smallint            | agg
+(3 rows)
+
+\df *._pg_expandarray
+                                             List of functions
+       Schema       |      Name       | Result data type |            Argument data types            | Type 
+--------------------+-----------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+------
+ information_schema | _pg_expandarray | SETOF record     | anyarray, OUT x anyelement, OUT n integer | func
+(1 row)
+
+\do - pg_catalog.int4
+                               List of operators
+   Schema   | Name | Left arg type | Right arg type | Result type | Description 
+------------+------+---------------+----------------+-------------+-------------
+ pg_catalog | -    |               | integer        | integer     | negate
+(1 row)
+
+\do && anyarray *
+                               List of operators
+   Schema   | Name | Left arg type | Right arg type | Result type | Description 
+------------+------+---------------+----------------+-------------+-------------
+ pg_catalog | &&   | anyarray      | anyarray       | boolean     | overlaps
+(1 row)
+
+-- check \sf
+\sf information_schema._pg_expandarray
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION information_schema._pg_expandarray(anyarray, OUT x anyelement, OUT n integer)
+ RETURNS SETOF record
+ LANGUAGE sql
+ IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT
+AS $function$select $1[s],
+        s operator(pg_catalog.-) pg_catalog.array_lower($1,1) operator(pg_catalog.+) 1
+        from pg_catalog.generate_series(pg_catalog.array_lower($1,1),
+                                        pg_catalog.array_upper($1,1),
+                                        1) as g(s)$function$
+\sf+ information_schema._pg_expandarray
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION information_schema._pg_expandarray(anyarray, OUT x anyelement, OUT n integer)
+         RETURNS SETOF record
+         LANGUAGE sql
+         IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT
+1       AS $function$select $1[s],
+2               s operator(pg_catalog.-) pg_catalog.array_lower($1,1) operator(pg_catalog.+) 1
+3               from pg_catalog.generate_series(pg_catalog.array_lower($1,1),
+4                                               pg_catalog.array_upper($1,1),
+5                                               1) as g(s)$function$
+\sf+ interval_pl_time
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pg_catalog.interval_pl_time(interval, time without time zone)
+         RETURNS time without time zone
+         LANGUAGE sql
+         IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT COST 1
+1       RETURN ($2 + $1)
+\sf ts_debug(text)
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pg_catalog.ts_debug(document text, OUT alias text, OUT description text, OUT token text, OUT dictionaries regdictionary[], OUT dictionary regdictionary, OUT lexemes text[])
+ RETURNS SETOF record
+ LANGUAGE sql
+ STABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+ SELECT ts_debug.alias,
+     ts_debug.description,
+     ts_debug.token,
+     ts_debug.dictionaries,
+     ts_debug.dictionary,
+     ts_debug.lexemes
+    FROM ts_debug(get_current_ts_config(), ts_debug.document) ts_debug(alias, description, token, dictionaries, dictionary, lexemes);
+END
+\sf+ ts_debug(text)
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pg_catalog.ts_debug(document text, OUT alias text, OUT description text, OUT token text, OUT dictionaries regdictionary[], OUT dictionary regdictionary, OUT lexemes text[])
+         RETURNS SETOF record
+         LANGUAGE sql
+         STABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT
+1       BEGIN ATOMIC
+2        SELECT ts_debug.alias,
+3            ts_debug.description,
+4            ts_debug.token,
+5            ts_debug.dictionaries,
+6            ts_debug.dictionary,
+7            ts_debug.lexemes
+8           FROM ts_debug(get_current_ts_config(), ts_debug.document) ts_debug(alias, description, token, dictionaries, dictionary, lexemes);
+9       END
+-- AUTOCOMMIT
+CREATE TABLE ac_test (a int);
+\set AUTOCOMMIT off
+INSERT INTO ac_test VALUES (1);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM ac_test;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+INSERT INTO ac_test VALUES (2);
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM ac_test;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO ac_test VALUES (3);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM ac_test;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 3
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO ac_test VALUES (4);
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM ac_test;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 3
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+\set AUTOCOMMIT on
+DROP TABLE ac_test;
+SELECT * FROM ac_test;  -- should be gone now
+ERROR:  relation "ac_test" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM ac_test;
+                      ^
+-- ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK on
+CREATE TABLE oer_test (a int);
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES ('foo');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "foo"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES ('foo');
+                                     ^
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES (3);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM oer_test;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 3
+(2 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES (4);
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM oer_test;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 3
+(2 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES (5);
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES (6);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM oer_test;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 3
+ 5
+ 6
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE oer_test;
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK off
+-- ECHO errors
+\set ECHO errors
+ERROR:  relation "notexists" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM notexists;
+                      ^
+STATEMENT:  SELECT * FROM notexists;
+--
+-- combined queries
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION warn(msg TEXT) RETURNS BOOLEAN LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+  BEGIN RAISE NOTICE 'warn %', msg ; RETURN TRUE ; END
+$$;
+-- show both
+SELECT 1 AS one \; SELECT warn('1.5') \; SELECT 2 AS two ;
+NOTICE:  warn 1.5
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function warn(text) line 2 at RAISE
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+ warn 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+ two 
+-----
+   2
+(1 row)
+
+-- \gset applies to last query only
+SELECT 3 AS three \; SELECT warn('3.5') \; SELECT 4 AS four \gset
+NOTICE:  warn 3.5
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function warn(text) line 2 at RAISE
+ three 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+ warn 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+\echo :three :four
+:three 4
+-- syntax error stops all processing
+SELECT 5 \; SELECT 6 + \; SELECT warn('6.5') \; SELECT 7 ;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: SELECT 5 ; SELECT 6 + ; SELECT warn('6.5') ; SELECT 7 ;
+                              ^
+-- with aborted transaction, stop on first error
+BEGIN \; SELECT 8 AS eight \; SELECT 9/0 AS nine \; ROLLBACK \; SELECT 10 AS ten ;
+ eight 
+-------
+     8
+(1 row)
+
+ERROR:  division by zero
+-- close previously aborted transaction
+ROLLBACK;
+-- miscellaneous SQL commands
+-- (non SELECT output is sent to stderr, thus is not shown in expected results)
+SELECT 'ok' AS "begin" \;
+CREATE TABLE psql_comics(s TEXT) \;
+INSERT INTO psql_comics VALUES ('Calvin'), ('hobbes') \;
+COPY psql_comics FROM STDIN \;
+UPDATE psql_comics SET s = 'Hobbes' WHERE s = 'hobbes' \;
+DELETE FROM psql_comics WHERE s = 'Moe' \;
+COPY psql_comics TO STDOUT \;
+TRUNCATE psql_comics \;
+DROP TABLE psql_comics \;
+SELECT 'ok' AS "done" ;
+ begin 
+-------
+ ok
+(1 row)
+
+Calvin
+Susie
+Hobbes
+ done 
+------
+ ok
+(1 row)
+
+\set SHOW_ALL_RESULTS off
+SELECT 1 AS one \; SELECT warn('1.5') \; SELECT 2 AS two ;
+NOTICE:  warn 1.5
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function warn(text) line 2 at RAISE
+ two 
+-----
+   2
+(1 row)
+
+\set SHOW_ALL_RESULTS on
+DROP FUNCTION warn(TEXT);
+--
+-- AUTOCOMMIT and combined queries
+--
+\set AUTOCOMMIT off
+\echo '# AUTOCOMMIT:' :AUTOCOMMIT
+# AUTOCOMMIT: off
+-- BEGIN is now implicit
+CREATE TABLE foo(s TEXT) \;
+ROLLBACK;
+CREATE TABLE foo(s TEXT) \;
+INSERT INTO foo(s) VALUES ('hello'), ('world') \;
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE foo \;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- table foo is still there
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY 1 \;
+DROP TABLE foo \;
+COMMIT;
+   s   
+-------
+ hello
+ world
+(2 rows)
+
+\set AUTOCOMMIT on
+\echo '# AUTOCOMMIT:' :AUTOCOMMIT
+# AUTOCOMMIT: on
+-- BEGIN now explicit for multi-statement transactions
+BEGIN \;
+CREATE TABLE foo(s TEXT) \;
+INSERT INTO foo(s) VALUES ('hello'), ('world') \;
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN \;
+DROP TABLE foo \;
+ROLLBACK \;
+-- implicit transactions
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY 1 \;
+DROP TABLE foo;
+   s   
+-------
+ hello
+ world
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- test ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK and combined queries
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION psql_error(msg TEXT) RETURNS BOOLEAN AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION 'error %', msg;
+  END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK on
+\echo '# ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK:' :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+# ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK: on
+\echo '# AUTOCOMMIT:' :AUTOCOMMIT
+# AUTOCOMMIT: on
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE bla(s NO_SUCH_TYPE);               -- fails
+ERROR:  type "no_such_type" does not exist
+LINE 1: CREATE TABLE bla(s NO_SUCH_TYPE);
+                           ^
+CREATE TABLE bla(s TEXT);                       -- succeeds
+SELECT psql_error('oops!');                     -- fails
+ERROR:  error oops!
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function psql_error(text) line 3 at RAISE
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Calvin'), ('Hobbes');
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM bla ORDER BY 1;
+   s    
+--------
+ Calvin
+ Hobbes
+(2 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Susie');         -- succeeds
+-- now with combined queries
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Rosalyn') \;     -- will rollback
+SELECT 'before error' AS show \;          -- will show nevertheless!
+  SELECT psql_error('boum!') \;           -- failure
+  SELECT 'after error' AS noshow;         -- hidden by preceding error
+     show     
+--------------
+ before error
+(1 row)
+
+ERROR:  error boum!
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function psql_error(text) line 3 at RAISE
+INSERT INTO bla(s) VALUES ('Moe') \;      -- will rollback
+  SELECT psql_error('bam!');
+ERROR:  error bam!
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function psql_error(text) line 3 at RAISE
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Miss Wormwood'); -- succeeds
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM bla ORDER BY 1;
+       s       
+---------------
+ Calvin
+ Hobbes
+ Miss Wormwood
+ Susie
+(4 rows)
+
+-- some with autocommit off
+\set AUTOCOMMIT off
+\echo '# AUTOCOMMIT:' :AUTOCOMMIT
+# AUTOCOMMIT: off
+-- implicit BEGIN
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Dad');           -- succeeds
+SELECT psql_error('bad!');                -- implicit partial rollback
+ERROR:  error bad!
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function psql_error(text) line 3 at RAISE
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Mum') \;         -- will rollback
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS "#mum"
+FROM bla WHERE s = 'Mum' \;               -- but be counted here
+SELECT psql_error('bad!');                -- implicit partial rollback
+ #mum 
+------
+    1
+(1 row)
+
+ERROR:  error bad!
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function psql_error(text) line 3 at RAISE
+COMMIT;
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS "#mum"
+FROM bla WHERE s = 'Mum' \;               -- no mum here
+SELECT * FROM bla ORDER BY 1;
+ #mum 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+       s       
+---------------
+ Calvin
+ Dad
+ Hobbes
+ Miss Wormwood
+ Susie
+(5 rows)
+
+-- reset all
+\set AUTOCOMMIT on
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK off
+\echo '# final ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK:' :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+# final ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK: off
+DROP TABLE bla;
+DROP FUNCTION psql_error;
+-- check describing invalid multipart names
+\dA regression.heap
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.heap
+\dA nonesuch.heap
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.heap
+\dt host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dt |.pg_catalog.pg_class
+cross-database references are not implemented: |.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dt nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\da host.regression.pg_catalog.sum
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.pg_catalog.sum
+\da +.pg_catalog.sum
+cross-database references are not implemented: +.pg_catalog.sum
+\da nonesuch.pg_catalog.sum
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.pg_catalog.sum
+\dAc nonesuch.brin
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.brin
+\dAc regression.brin
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.brin
+\dAf nonesuch.brin
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.brin
+\dAf regression.brin
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.brin
+\dAo nonesuch.brin
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.brin
+\dAo regression.brin
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.brin
+\dAp nonesuch.brin
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.brin
+\dAp regression.brin
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.brin
+\db nonesuch.pg_default
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.pg_default
+\db regression.pg_default
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.pg_default
+\dc host.regression.public.conversion
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.conversion
+\dc (.public.conversion
+cross-database references are not implemented: (.public.conversion
+\dc nonesuch.public.conversion
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.conversion
+\dC host.regression.pg_catalog.int8
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.pg_catalog.int8
+\dC ).pg_catalog.int8
+cross-database references are not implemented: ).pg_catalog.int8
+\dC nonesuch.pg_catalog.int8
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.pg_catalog.int8
+\dd host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dd [.pg_catalog.pg_class
+cross-database references are not implemented: [.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dd nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dD host.regression.public.gtestdomain1
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.gtestdomain1
+\dD ].public.gtestdomain1
+cross-database references are not implemented: ].public.gtestdomain1
+\dD nonesuch.public.gtestdomain1
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.gtestdomain1
+\ddp host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\ddp {.pg_catalog.pg_class
+cross-database references are not implemented: {.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\ddp nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dE host.regression.public.ft
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.ft
+\dE }.public.ft
+cross-database references are not implemented: }.public.ft
+\dE nonesuch.public.ft
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.ft
+\di host.regression.public.tenk1_hundred
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.tenk1_hundred
+\di ..public.tenk1_hundred
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): ..public.tenk1_hundred
+\di nonesuch.public.tenk1_hundred
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.tenk1_hundred
+\dm host.regression.public.mvtest_bb
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.mvtest_bb
+\dm ^.public.mvtest_bb
+cross-database references are not implemented: ^.public.mvtest_bb
+\dm nonesuch.public.mvtest_bb
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.mvtest_bb
+\ds host.regression.public.check_seq
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.check_seq
+\ds regression|mydb.public.check_seq
+cross-database references are not implemented: regression|mydb.public.check_seq
+\ds nonesuch.public.check_seq
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.check_seq
+\dt host.regression.public.b_star
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.b_star
+\dt regres+ion.public.b_star
+cross-database references are not implemented: regres+ion.public.b_star
+\dt nonesuch.public.b_star
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.b_star
+\dv host.regression.public.shoe
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.shoe
+\dv regress(ion).public.shoe
+cross-database references are not implemented: regress(ion).public.shoe
+\dv nonesuch.public.shoe
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.shoe
+\des nonesuch.server
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.server
+\des regression.server
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.server
+\des nonesuch.server
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.server
+\des regression.server
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.server
+\des nonesuch.username
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.username
+\des regression.username
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.username
+\dew nonesuch.fdw
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.fdw
+\dew regression.fdw
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.fdw
+\df host.regression.public.namelen
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.namelen
+\df regres[qrstuv]ion.public.namelen
+cross-database references are not implemented: regres[qrstuv]ion.public.namelen
+\df nonesuch.public.namelen
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.namelen
+\dF host.regression.pg_catalog.arabic
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.pg_catalog.arabic
+\dF regres{1,2}ion.pg_catalog.arabic
+cross-database references are not implemented: regres{1,2}ion.pg_catalog.arabic
+\dF nonesuch.pg_catalog.arabic
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.pg_catalog.arabic
+\dFd host.regression.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+\dFd regres?ion.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+cross-database references are not implemented: regres?ion.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+\dFd nonesuch.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+\dFp host.regression.pg_catalog.default
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.pg_catalog.default
+\dFp ^regression.pg_catalog.default
+cross-database references are not implemented: ^regression.pg_catalog.default
+\dFp nonesuch.pg_catalog.default
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.pg_catalog.default
+\dFt host.regression.pg_catalog.ispell
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.pg_catalog.ispell
+\dFt regression$.pg_catalog.ispell
+cross-database references are not implemented: regression$.pg_catalog.ispell
+\dFt nonesuch.pg_catalog.ispell
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.pg_catalog.ispell
+\dg nonesuch.pg_database_owner
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.pg_database_owner
+\dg regression.pg_database_owner
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.pg_database_owner
+\dL host.regression.plpgsql
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.plpgsql
+\dL *.plpgsql
+cross-database references are not implemented: *.plpgsql
+\dL nonesuch.plpgsql
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.plpgsql
+\dn host.regression.public
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public
+\dn """".public
+cross-database references are not implemented: """".public
+\dn nonesuch.public
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public
+\do host.regression.public.!=-
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.!=-
+\do "regression|mydb".public.!=-
+cross-database references are not implemented: "regression|mydb".public.!=-
+\do nonesuch.public.!=-
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.!=-
+\dO host.regression.pg_catalog.POSIX
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.pg_catalog.POSIX
+\dO .pg_catalog.POSIX
+cross-database references are not implemented: .pg_catalog.POSIX
+\dO nonesuch.pg_catalog.POSIX
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.pg_catalog.POSIX
+\dp host.regression.public.a_star
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.a_star
+\dp "regres+ion".public.a_star
+cross-database references are not implemented: "regres+ion".public.a_star
+\dp nonesuch.public.a_star
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.a_star
+\dP host.regression.public.mlparted
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.mlparted
+\dP "regres(sion)".public.mlparted
+cross-database references are not implemented: "regres(sion)".public.mlparted
+\dP nonesuch.public.mlparted
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.mlparted
+\drds nonesuch.lc_messages
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.lc_messages
+\drds regression.lc_messages
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.lc_messages
+\dRp public.mypub
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): public.mypub
+\dRp regression.mypub
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.mypub
+\dRs public.mysub
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): public.mysub
+\dRs regression.mysub
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.mysub
+\dT host.regression.public.widget
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.widget
+\dT "regression{1,2}".public.widget
+cross-database references are not implemented: "regression{1,2}".public.widget
+\dT nonesuch.public.widget
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.widget
+\dx regression.plpgsql
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.plpgsql
+\dx nonesuch.plpgsql
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.plpgsql
+\dX host.regression.public.func_deps_stat
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): host.regression.public.func_deps_stat
+\dX "^regression$".public.func_deps_stat
+cross-database references are not implemented: "^regression$".public.func_deps_stat
+\dX nonesuch.public.func_deps_stat
+cross-database references are not implemented: nonesuch.public.func_deps_stat
+\dy regression.myevt
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): regression.myevt
+\dy nonesuch.myevt
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): nonesuch.myevt
+-- check that dots within quoted name segments are not counted
+\dA "no.such.access.method"
+List of access methods
+ Name | Type 
+------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dt "no.such.table.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\da "no.such.aggregate.function"
+                     List of aggregate functions
+ Schema | Name | Result data type | Argument data types | Description 
+--------+------+------------------+---------------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dAc "no.such.operator.class"
+                  List of operator classes
+ AM | Input type | Storage type | Operator class | Default? 
+----+------------+--------------+----------------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dAf "no.such.operator.family"
+        List of operator families
+ AM | Operator family | Applicable types 
+----+-----------------+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dAo "no.such.operator.of.operator.family"
+        List of operators of operator families
+ AM | Operator family | Operator | Strategy | Purpose 
+----+-----------------+----------+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dAp "no.such.operator.support.function.of.operator.family"
+                     List of support functions of operator families
+ AM | Operator family | Registered left type | Registered right type | Number | Function 
+----+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\db "no.such.tablespace"
+   List of tablespaces
+ Name | Owner | Location 
+------+-------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dc "no.such.conversion"
+               List of conversions
+ Schema | Name | Source | Destination | Default? 
+--------+------+--------+-------------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dC "no.such.cast"
+                  List of casts
+ Source type | Target type | Function | Implicit? 
+-------------+-------------+----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dd "no.such.object.description"
+         Object descriptions
+ Schema | Name | Object | Description 
+--------+------+--------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dD "no.such.domain"
+                        List of domains
+ Schema | Name | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Check 
+--------+------+------+-----------+----------+---------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\ddp "no.such.default.access.privilege"
+         Default access privileges
+ Owner | Schema | Type | Access privileges 
+-------+--------+------+-------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\di "no.such.index.relation"
+          List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table 
+--------+------+------+-------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dm "no.such.materialized.view"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\ds "no.such.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dt "no.such.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dv "no.such.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\des "no.such.foreign.server"
+       List of foreign servers
+ Name | Owner | Foreign-data wrapper 
+------+-------+----------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dew "no.such.foreign.data.wrapper"
+   List of foreign-data wrappers
+ Name | Owner | Handler | Validator 
+------+-------+---------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\df "no.such.function"
+                       List of functions
+ Schema | Name | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+--------+------+------------------+---------------------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dF "no.such.text.search.configuration"
+List of text search configurations
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dFd "no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+List of text search dictionaries
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dFp "no.such.text.search.parser"
+ List of text search parsers
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dFt "no.such.text.search.template"
+List of text search templates
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dg "no.such.role"
+           List of roles
+ Role name | Attributes | Member of 
+-----------+------------+-----------
+
+\dL "no.such.language"
+          List of languages
+ Name | Owner | Trusted | Description 
+------+-------+---------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dn "no.such.schema"
+List of schemas
+ Name | Owner 
+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\do "no.such.operator"
+                             List of operators
+ Schema | Name | Left arg type | Right arg type | Result type | Description 
+--------+------+---------------+----------------+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dO "no.such.collation"
+                            List of collations
+ Schema | Name | Collate | Ctype | ICU Locale | Provider | Deterministic? 
+--------+------+---------+-------+------------+----------+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dp "no.such.access.privilege"
+                            Access privileges
+ Schema | Name | Type | Access privileges | Column privileges | Policies 
+--------+------+------+-------------------+-------------------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dP "no.such.partitioned.relation"
+           List of partitioned relations
+ Schema | Name | Owner | Type | Parent name | Table 
+--------+------+-------+------+-------------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\drds "no.such.setting"
+      List of settings
+ Role | Database | Settings 
+------+----------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dRp "no.such.publication"
+                              List of publications
+ Name | Owner | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+------+-------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dRs "no.such.subscription"
+        List of subscriptions
+ Name | Owner | Enabled | Publication 
+------+-------+---------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dT "no.such.data.type"
+     List of data types
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dx "no.such.installed.extension"
+     List of installed extensions
+ Name | Version | Schema | Description 
+------+---------+--------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dX "no.such.extended.statistics"
+                 List of extended statistics
+ Schema | Name | Definition | Ndistinct | Dependencies | MCV 
+--------+------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+\dy "no.such.event.trigger"
+              List of event triggers
+ Name | Event | Owner | Enabled | Function | Tags 
+------+-------+-------+---------+----------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- again, but with dotted schema qualifications.
+\dA "no.such.schema"."no.such.access.method"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.access.method"
+\dt "no.such.schema"."no.such.table.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\da "no.such.schema"."no.such.aggregate.function"
+                     List of aggregate functions
+ Schema | Name | Result data type | Argument data types | Description 
+--------+------+------------------+---------------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dAc "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.class"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.class"
+\dAf "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.family"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.family"
+\dAo "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.of.operator.family"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.of.operator.family"
+\dAp "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.support.function.of.operator.family"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.support.function.of.operator.family"
+\db "no.such.schema"."no.such.tablespace"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.tablespace"
+\dc "no.such.schema"."no.such.conversion"
+               List of conversions
+ Schema | Name | Source | Destination | Default? 
+--------+------+--------+-------------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dC "no.such.schema"."no.such.cast"
+                  List of casts
+ Source type | Target type | Function | Implicit? 
+-------------+-------------+----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dd "no.such.schema"."no.such.object.description"
+         Object descriptions
+ Schema | Name | Object | Description 
+--------+------+--------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dD "no.such.schema"."no.such.domain"
+                        List of domains
+ Schema | Name | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Check 
+--------+------+------+-----------+----------+---------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\ddp "no.such.schema"."no.such.default.access.privilege"
+         Default access privileges
+ Owner | Schema | Type | Access privileges 
+-------+--------+------+-------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\di "no.such.schema"."no.such.index.relation"
+          List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table 
+--------+------+------+-------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dm "no.such.schema"."no.such.materialized.view"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\ds "no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dt "no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dv "no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\des "no.such.schema"."no.such.foreign.server"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.foreign.server"
+\dew "no.such.schema"."no.such.foreign.data.wrapper"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.foreign.data.wrapper"
+\df "no.such.schema"."no.such.function"
+                       List of functions
+ Schema | Name | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+--------+------+------------------+---------------------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dF "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.configuration"
+List of text search configurations
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dFd "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+List of text search dictionaries
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dFp "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.parser"
+ List of text search parsers
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dFt "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.template"
+List of text search templates
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dg "no.such.schema"."no.such.role"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.role"
+\dL "no.such.schema"."no.such.language"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.schema"."no.such.language"
+\do "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator"
+                             List of operators
+ Schema | Name | Left arg type | Right arg type | Result type | Description 
+--------+------+---------------+----------------+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dO "no.such.schema"."no.such.collation"
+                            List of collations
+ Schema | Name | Collate | Ctype | ICU Locale | Provider | Deterministic? 
+--------+------+---------+-------+------------+----------+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dp "no.such.schema"."no.such.access.privilege"
+                            Access privileges
+ Schema | Name | Type | Access privileges | Column privileges | Policies 
+--------+------+------+-------------------+-------------------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dP "no.such.schema"."no.such.partitioned.relation"
+           List of partitioned relations
+ Schema | Name | Owner | Type | Parent name | Table 
+--------+------+-------+------+-------------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\drds "no.such.schema"."no.such.setting"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.setting"
+\dRp "no.such.schema"."no.such.publication"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.publication"
+\dRs "no.such.schema"."no.such.subscription"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.subscription"
+\dT "no.such.schema"."no.such.data.type"
+     List of data types
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dx "no.such.schema"."no.such.installed.extension"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.installed.extension"
+\dX "no.such.schema"."no.such.extended.statistics"
+                 List of extended statistics
+ Schema | Name | Definition | Ndistinct | Dependencies | MCV 
+--------+------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+\dy "no.such.schema"."no.such.event.trigger"
+improper qualified name (too many dotted names): "no.such.schema"."no.such.event.trigger"
+-- again, but with current database and dotted schema qualifications.
+\dt regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.table.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\da regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.aggregate.function"
+                     List of aggregate functions
+ Schema | Name | Result data type | Argument data types | Description 
+--------+------+------------------+---------------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dc regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.conversion"
+               List of conversions
+ Schema | Name | Source | Destination | Default? 
+--------+------+--------+-------------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dC regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.cast"
+                  List of casts
+ Source type | Target type | Function | Implicit? 
+-------------+-------------+----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dd regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.object.description"
+         Object descriptions
+ Schema | Name | Object | Description 
+--------+------+--------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dD regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.domain"
+                        List of domains
+ Schema | Name | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Check 
+--------+------+------+-----------+----------+---------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\di regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.index.relation"
+          List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table 
+--------+------+------+-------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dm regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.materialized.view"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\ds regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dt regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dv regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+      List of relations
+ Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
+--------+------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\df regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.function"
+                       List of functions
+ Schema | Name | Result data type | Argument data types | Type 
+--------+------+------------------+---------------------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dF regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.configuration"
+List of text search configurations
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dFd regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+List of text search dictionaries
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dFp regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.parser"
+ List of text search parsers
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dFt regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.template"
+List of text search templates
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\do regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.operator"
+                             List of operators
+ Schema | Name | Left arg type | Right arg type | Result type | Description 
+--------+------+---------------+----------------+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dO regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.collation"
+                            List of collations
+ Schema | Name | Collate | Ctype | ICU Locale | Provider | Deterministic? 
+--------+------+---------+-------+------------+----------+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dp regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.access.privilege"
+                            Access privileges
+ Schema | Name | Type | Access privileges | Column privileges | Policies 
+--------+------+------+-------------------+-------------------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dP regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.partitioned.relation"
+           List of partitioned relations
+ Schema | Name | Owner | Type | Parent name | Table 
+--------+------+-------+------+-------------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dT regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.data.type"
+     List of data types
+ Schema | Name | Description 
+--------+------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\dX regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.extended.statistics"
+                 List of extended statistics
+ Schema | Name | Definition | Ndistinct | Dependencies | MCV 
+--------+------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- again, but with dotted database and dotted schema qualifications.
+\dt "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.table.relation"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.table.relation"
+\da "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.aggregate.function"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.aggregate.function"
+\dc "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.conversion"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.conversion"
+\dC "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.cast"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.cast"
+\dd "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.object.description"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.object.description"
+\dD "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.domain"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.domain"
+\ddp "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.default.access.privilege"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.default.access.privilege"
+\di "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.index.relation"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.index.relation"
+\dm "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.materialized.view"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.materialized.view"
+\ds "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dt "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dv "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\df "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.function"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.function"
+\dF "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.configuration"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.configuration"
+\dFd "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+\dFp "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.parser"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.parser"
+\dFt "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.template"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.template"
+\do "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.operator"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.operator"
+\dO "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.collation"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.collation"
+\dp "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.access.privilege"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.access.privilege"
+\dP "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.partitioned.relation"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.partitioned.relation"
+\dT "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.data.type"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.data.type"
+\dX "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.extended.statistics"
+cross-database references are not implemented: "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.extended.statistics"
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/psql_crosstab.out b/src/test/regress/expected/psql_crosstab.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e09e331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/psql_crosstab.out
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+--
+-- \crosstabview
+--
+CREATE TABLE ctv_data (v, h, c, i, d) AS
+VALUES
+   ('v1','h2','foo', 3, '2015-04-01'::date),
+   ('v2','h1','bar', 3, '2015-01-02'),
+   ('v1','h0','baz', NULL, '2015-07-12'),
+   ('v0','h4','qux', 4, '2015-07-15'),
+   ('v0','h4','dbl', -3, '2014-12-15'),
+   ('v0',NULL,'qux', 5, '2014-07-15'),
+   ('v1','h2','quux',7, '2015-04-04');
+-- make plans more stable
+ANALYZE ctv_data;
+-- running \crosstabview after query uses query in buffer
+SELECT v, EXTRACT(year FROM d), count(*)
+ FROM ctv_data
+ GROUP BY 1, 2
+ ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ v  | extract | count 
+----+---------+-------
+ v0 |    2014 |     2
+ v0 |    2015 |     1
+ v1 |    2015 |     3
+ v2 |    2015 |     1
+(4 rows)
+
+-- basic usage with 3 columns
+ \crosstabview
+ v  | 2014 | 2015 
+----+------+------
+ v0 |    2 |    1
+ v1 |      |    3
+ v2 |      |    1
+(3 rows)
+
+-- ordered months in horizontal header, quoted column name
+SELECT v, to_char(d, 'Mon') AS "month name", EXTRACT(month FROM d) AS num,
+ count(*) FROM ctv_data  GROUP BY 1,2,3 ORDER BY 1
+ \crosstabview v "month name" 4 num
+ v  | Jan | Apr | Jul | Dec 
+----+-----+-----+-----+-----
+ v0 |     |     |   2 |   1
+ v1 |     |   2 |   1 |    
+ v2 |   1 |     |     |    
+(3 rows)
+
+-- ordered months in vertical header, ordered years in horizontal header
+SELECT EXTRACT(year FROM d) AS year, to_char(d,'Mon') AS """month"" name",
+  EXTRACT(month FROM d) AS month,
+  format('sum=%s avg=%s', sum(i), avg(i)::numeric(2,1))
+  FROM ctv_data
+  GROUP BY EXTRACT(year FROM d), to_char(d,'Mon'), EXTRACT(month FROM d)
+ORDER BY month
+\crosstabview """month"" name" year format year
+ "month" name |      2014       |      2015      
+--------------+-----------------+----------------
+ Jan          |                 | sum=3 avg=3.0
+ Apr          |                 | sum=10 avg=5.0
+ Jul          | sum=5 avg=5.0   | sum=4 avg=4.0
+ Dec          | sum=-3 avg=-3.0 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+-- combine contents vertically into the same cell (V/H duplicates)
+SELECT v, h, string_agg(c, E'\n') FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY 1,2,3
+ \crosstabview 1 2 3
+ v  | h4  |     | h0  |  h2  | h1  
+----+-----+-----+-----+------+-----
+ v0 | qux+| qux |     |      | 
+    | dbl |     |     |      | 
+ v1 |     |     | baz | foo +| 
+    |     |     |     | quux | 
+ v2 |     |     |     |      | bar
+(3 rows)
+
+-- horizontal ASC order from window function
+SELECT v,h, string_agg(c, E'\n') AS c, row_number() OVER(ORDER BY h) AS r
+FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY 1,3,2
+ \crosstabview v h c r
+ v  | h0  | h1  |  h2  | h4  |     
+----+-----+-----+------+-----+-----
+ v0 |     |     |      | qux+| qux
+    |     |     |      | dbl | 
+ v1 | baz |     | foo +|     | 
+    |     |     | quux |     | 
+ v2 |     | bar |      |     | 
+(3 rows)
+
+-- horizontal DESC order from window function
+SELECT v, h, string_agg(c, E'\n') AS c, row_number() OVER(ORDER BY h DESC) AS r
+FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY 1,3,2
+ \crosstabview v h c r
+ v  |     | h4  |  h2  | h1  | h0  
+----+-----+-----+------+-----+-----
+ v0 | qux | qux+|      |     | 
+    |     | dbl |      |     | 
+ v1 |     |     | foo +|     | baz
+    |     |     | quux |     | 
+ v2 |     |     |      | bar | 
+(3 rows)
+
+-- horizontal ASC order from window function, NULLs pushed rightmost
+SELECT v,h, string_agg(c, E'\n') AS c, row_number() OVER(ORDER BY h NULLS LAST) AS r
+FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY 1,3,2
+ \crosstabview v h c r
+ v  | h0  | h1  |  h2  | h4  |     
+----+-----+-----+------+-----+-----
+ v0 |     |     |      | qux+| qux
+    |     |     |      | dbl | 
+ v1 | baz |     | foo +|     | 
+    |     |     | quux |     | 
+ v2 |     | bar |      |     | 
+(3 rows)
+
+-- only null, no column name, 2 columns: error
+SELECT null,null \crosstabview
+\crosstabview: query must return at least three columns
+-- only null, no column name, 3 columns: works
+SELECT null,null,null \crosstabview
+ ?column? |  
+----------+--
+          | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- null display
+\pset null '#null#'
+SELECT v,h, string_agg(i::text, E'\n') AS i FROM ctv_data
+GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY h,v
+ \crosstabview v h i
+ v  |   h0   | h1 | h2 | h4 | #null# 
+----+--------+----+----+----+--------
+ v1 | #null# |    | 3 +|    | 
+    |        |    | 7  |    | 
+ v2 |        | 3  |    |    | 
+ v0 |        |    |    | 4 +| 5
+    |        |    |    | -3 | 
+(3 rows)
+
+\pset null ''
+-- refer to columns by position
+SELECT v,h,string_agg(i::text, E'\n'), string_agg(c, E'\n')
+FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY h,v
+ \crosstabview 2 1 4
+ h  |  v1  | v2  | v0  
+----+------+-----+-----
+ h0 | baz  |     | 
+ h1 |      | bar | 
+ h2 | foo +|     | 
+    | quux |     | 
+ h4 |      |     | qux+
+    |      |     | dbl
+    |      |     | qux
+(5 rows)
+
+-- refer to columns by positions and names mixed
+SELECT v,h, string_agg(i::text, E'\n') AS i, string_agg(c, E'\n') AS c
+FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY h,v
+ \crosstabview 1 "h" 4
+ v  | h0  | h1  |  h2  | h4  |     
+----+-----+-----+------+-----+-----
+ v1 | baz |     | foo +|     | 
+    |     |     | quux |     | 
+ v2 |     | bar |      |     | 
+ v0 |     |     |      | qux+| qux
+    |     |     |      | dbl | 
+(3 rows)
+
+-- refer to columns by quoted names, check downcasing of unquoted name
+SELECT 1 as "22", 2 as b, 3 as "Foo"
+ \crosstabview "22" B "Foo"
+ 22 | 2 
+----+---
+  1 | 3
+(1 row)
+
+-- error: bad column name
+SELECT v,h,c,i FROM ctv_data
+ \crosstabview v h j
+\crosstabview: column name not found: "j"
+-- error: need to quote name
+SELECT 1 as "22", 2 as b, 3 as "Foo"
+ \crosstabview 1 2 Foo
+\crosstabview: column name not found: "foo"
+-- error: need to not quote name
+SELECT 1 as "22", 2 as b, 3 as "Foo"
+ \crosstabview 1 "B" "Foo"
+\crosstabview: column name not found: "B"
+-- error: bad column number
+SELECT v,h,i,c FROM ctv_data
+ \crosstabview 2 1 5
+\crosstabview: column number 5 is out of range 1..4
+-- error: same H and V columns
+SELECT v,h,i,c FROM ctv_data
+ \crosstabview 2 h 4
+\crosstabview: vertical and horizontal headers must be different columns
+-- error: too many columns
+SELECT a,a,1 FROM generate_series(1,3000) AS a
+ \crosstabview
+\crosstabview: maximum number of columns (1600) exceeded
+-- error: only one column
+SELECT 1 \crosstabview
+\crosstabview: query must return at least three columns
+DROP TABLE ctv_data;
+-- check error reporting (bug #14476)
+CREATE TABLE ctv_data (x int, y int, v text);
+INSERT INTO ctv_data SELECT 1, x, '*' || x FROM generate_series(1,10) x;
+SELECT * FROM ctv_data \crosstabview
+ x | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | 10  
+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----
+ 1 | *1 | *2 | *3 | *4 | *5 | *6 | *7 | *8 | *9 | *10
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO ctv_data VALUES (1, 10, '*'); -- duplicate data to cause error
+SELECT * FROM ctv_data \crosstabview
+\crosstabview: query result contains multiple data values for row "1", column "10"
+DROP TABLE ctv_data;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/publication.out b/src/test/regress/expected/publication.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69dc6cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/publication.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1737 @@
+--
+-- PUBLICATION
+--
+CREATE ROLE regress_publication_user LOGIN SUPERUSER;
+CREATE ROLE regress_publication_user2;
+CREATE ROLE regress_publication_user_dummy LOGIN NOSUPERUSER;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION 'regress_publication_user';
+-- suppress warning that depends on wal_level
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_default;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+COMMENT ON PUBLICATION testpub_default IS 'test publication';
+SELECT obj_description(p.oid, 'pg_publication') FROM pg_publication p;
+ obj_description  
+------------------
+ test publication
+(1 row)
+
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpib_ins_trunct WITH (publish = insert);
+RESET client_min_messages;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default SET (publish = update);
+-- error cases
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_xxx WITH (foo);
+ERROR:  unrecognized publication parameter: "foo"
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_xxx WITH (publish = 'cluster, vacuum');
+ERROR:  unrecognized value for publication option "publish": "cluster"
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_xxx WITH (publish_via_partition_root = 'true', publish_via_partition_root = '0');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant options
+LINE 1: ...ub_xxx WITH (publish_via_partition_root = 'true', publish_vi...
+                                                             ^
+\dRp
+                                              List of publications
+        Name        |          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ testpib_ins_trunct | regress_publication_user | f          | t       | f       | f       | f         | f
+ testpub_default    | regress_publication_user | f          | f       | t       | f       | f         | f
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default SET (publish = 'insert, update, delete');
+\dRp
+                                              List of publications
+        Name        |          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ testpib_ins_trunct | regress_publication_user | f          | t       | f       | f       | f         | f
+ testpub_default    | regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | f         | f
+(2 rows)
+
+--- adding tables
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_test;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl1 (id serial primary key, data text);
+CREATE TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk (foo int, bar int);
+CREATE VIEW testpub_view AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_parted (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables FOR ALL TABLES WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables SET (publish = 'insert, update');
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl2 (id serial primary key, data text);
+-- fail - can't add to for all tables publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables ADD TABLE testpub_tbl2;
+ERROR:  publication "testpub_foralltables" is defined as FOR ALL TABLES
+DETAIL:  Tables cannot be added to or dropped from FOR ALL TABLES publications.
+-- fail - can't drop from all tables publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables DROP TABLE testpub_tbl2;
+ERROR:  publication "testpub_foralltables" is defined as FOR ALL TABLES
+DETAIL:  Tables cannot be added to or dropped from FOR ALL TABLES publications.
+-- fail - can't add to for all tables publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables SET TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+ERROR:  publication "testpub_foralltables" is defined as FOR ALL TABLES
+DETAIL:  Tables cannot be added to or dropped from FOR ALL TABLES publications.
+-- fail - can't add schema to 'FOR ALL TABLES' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+ERROR:  publication "testpub_foralltables" is defined as FOR ALL TABLES
+DETAIL:  Schemas cannot be added to or dropped from FOR ALL TABLES publications.
+-- fail - can't drop schema from 'FOR ALL TABLES' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+ERROR:  publication "testpub_foralltables" is defined as FOR ALL TABLES
+DETAIL:  Schemas cannot be added to or dropped from FOR ALL TABLES publications.
+-- fail - can't set schema to 'FOR ALL TABLES' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+ERROR:  publication "testpub_foralltables" is defined as FOR ALL TABLES
+DETAIL:  Schemas cannot be added to or dropped from FOR ALL TABLES publications.
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortable FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- should be able to add schema to 'FOR TABLE' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+\dRp+ testpub_fortable
+                                Publication testpub_fortable
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_tbl1"
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test"
+
+-- should be able to drop schema from 'FOR TABLE' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+\dRp+ testpub_fortable
+                                Publication testpub_fortable
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_tbl1"
+
+-- should be able to set schema to 'FOR TABLE' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+\dRp+ testpub_fortable
+                                Publication testpub_fortable
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test"
+
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+-- should be able to create publication with schema and table of the same
+-- schema
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_for_tbl_schema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test, TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub_for_tbl_schema
+                             Publication testpub_for_tbl_schema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "pub_test.testpub_nopk"
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test"
+
+-- weird parser corner case
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_parsertst FOR TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk, CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+ERROR:  invalid table name
+LINE 1: ...estpub_parsertst FOR TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk, CURRENT_SC...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_parsertst FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA foo, test.foo;
+ERROR:  invalid schema name
+LINE 1: ...CATION testpub_parsertst FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA foo, test.foo;
+                                                              ^
+-- should be able to add a table of the same schema to the schema publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forschema ADD TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+\dRp+ testpub_forschema
+                               Publication testpub_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "pub_test.testpub_nopk"
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test"
+
+-- should be able to drop the table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forschema DROP TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+\dRp+ testpub_forschema
+                               Publication testpub_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test"
+
+-- fail - can't drop a table from the schema publication which isn't in the
+-- publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forschema DROP TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+ERROR:  relation "testpub_nopk" is not part of the publication
+-- should be able to set table to schema publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forschema SET TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+\dRp+ testpub_forschema
+                               Publication testpub_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "pub_test.testpub_nopk"
+
+SELECT pubname, puballtables FROM pg_publication WHERE pubname = 'testpub_foralltables';
+       pubname        | puballtables 
+----------------------+--------------
+ testpub_foralltables | t
+(1 row)
+
+\d+ testpub_tbl2
+                                                Table "public.testpub_tbl2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |                 Default                  | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | nextval('testpub_tbl2_id_seq'::regclass) | plain    |              | 
+ data   | text    |           |          |                                          | extended |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "testpub_tbl2_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+Publications:
+    "testpub_foralltables"
+
+\dRp+ testpub_foralltables
+                              Publication testpub_foralltables
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | t          | t       | t       | f       | f         | f
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl2;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables, testpub_fortable, testpub_forschema, testpub_for_tbl_schema;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl3 (a int);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl3a (b text) INHERITS (testpub_tbl3);
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub3 FOR TABLE testpub_tbl3;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub4 FOR TABLE ONLY testpub_tbl3;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub3
+                                    Publication testpub3
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_tbl3"
+    "public.testpub_tbl3a"
+
+\dRp+ testpub4
+                                    Publication testpub4
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_tbl3"
+
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl3, testpub_tbl3a;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub3, testpub4;
+-- Tests for partitioned tables
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forparted;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forparted1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_parted1 (LIKE testpub_parted);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_parted2 (LIKE testpub_parted);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forparted1 SET (publish='insert');
+ALTER TABLE testpub_parted ATTACH PARTITION testpub_parted1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_parted ATTACH PARTITION testpub_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+-- works despite missing REPLICA IDENTITY, because updates are not replicated
+UPDATE testpub_parted1 SET a = 1;
+-- only parent is listed as being in publication, not the partition
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forparted ADD TABLE testpub_parted;
+\dRp+ testpub_forparted
+                               Publication testpub_forparted
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_parted"
+
+-- works despite missing REPLICA IDENTITY, because no actual update happened
+UPDATE testpub_parted SET a = 1 WHERE false;
+-- should now fail, because parent's publication replicates updates
+UPDATE testpub_parted1 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_parted1" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+ALTER TABLE testpub_parted DETACH PARTITION testpub_parted1;
+-- works again, because parent's publication is no longer considered
+UPDATE testpub_parted1 SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forparted SET (publish_via_partition_root = true);
+\dRp+ testpub_forparted
+                               Publication testpub_forparted
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | t
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_parted"
+
+-- still fail, because parent's publication replicates updates
+UPDATE testpub_parted2 SET a = 2;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_parted2" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forparted DROP TABLE testpub_parted;
+-- works again, because update is no longer replicated
+UPDATE testpub_parted2 SET a = 2;
+DROP TABLE testpub_parted1, testpub_parted2;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_forparted, testpub_forparted1;
+-- Tests for row filters
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 (a integer, b text);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_tbl2 (c text, d integer);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 (e integer);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_tbl4 (g text);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_tbl5 (a xml);
+CREATE SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema1;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_schema1.testpub_rf_tbl5 (h integer);
+CREATE SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema2;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_schema2.testpub_rf_tbl6 (i integer);
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+-- Firstly, test using the option publish='insert' because the row filter
+-- validation of referenced columns is less strict than for delete/update.
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub5 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1, testpub_rf_tbl2 WHERE (c <> 'test' AND d < 5) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub5
+                                    Publication testpub5
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | f       | f       | f         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_rf_tbl1"
+    "public.testpub_rf_tbl2" WHERE ((c <> 'test'::text) AND (d < 5))
+
+\d testpub_rf_tbl3
+          Table "public.testpub_rf_tbl3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ e      | integer |           |          | 
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 ADD TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e > 1000 AND e < 2000);
+\dRp+ testpub5
+                                    Publication testpub5
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | f       | f       | f         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_rf_tbl1"
+    "public.testpub_rf_tbl2" WHERE ((c <> 'test'::text) AND (d < 5))
+    "public.testpub_rf_tbl3" WHERE ((e > 1000) AND (e < 2000))
+
+\d testpub_rf_tbl3
+          Table "public.testpub_rf_tbl3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ e      | integer |           |          | 
+Publications:
+    "testpub5" WHERE ((e > 1000) AND (e < 2000))
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl2;
+\dRp+ testpub5
+                                    Publication testpub5
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | f       | f       | f         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_rf_tbl1"
+    "public.testpub_rf_tbl3" WHERE ((e > 1000) AND (e < 2000))
+
+-- remove testpub_rf_tbl1 and add testpub_rf_tbl3 again (another WHERE expression)
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e > 300 AND e < 500);
+\dRp+ testpub5
+                                    Publication testpub5
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | f       | f       | f         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_rf_tbl3" WHERE ((e > 300) AND (e < 500))
+
+\d testpub_rf_tbl3
+          Table "public.testpub_rf_tbl3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ e      | integer |           |          | 
+Publications:
+    "testpub5" WHERE ((e > 300) AND (e < 500))
+
+-- test \d <tablename> (now it displays filter information)
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_rf_yes FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a > 1) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_rf_no FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\d testpub_rf_tbl1
+          Table "public.testpub_rf_tbl1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | text    |           |          | 
+Publications:
+    "testpub_rf_no"
+    "testpub_rf_yes" WHERE (a > 1)
+
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_rf_yes, testpub_rf_no;
+-- some more syntax tests to exercise other parser pathways
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_syntax1 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1, ONLY testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e < 999) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub_syntax1
+                                Publication testpub_syntax1
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | f       | f       | f         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_rf_tbl1"
+    "public.testpub_rf_tbl3" WHERE (e < 999)
+
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_syntax1;
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_syntax2 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1, testpub_rf_schema1.testpub_rf_tbl5 WHERE (h < 999) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub_syntax2
+                                Publication testpub_syntax2
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | f       | f       | f         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_rf_tbl1"
+    "testpub_rf_schema1.testpub_rf_tbl5" WHERE (h < 999)
+
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_syntax2;
+-- fail - schemas don't allow WHERE clause
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_syntax3 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema1 WHERE (a = 123);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "WHERE"
+LINE 1: ...b_syntax3 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema1 WHERE (a =...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_syntax3 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema1, testpub_rf_schema1 WHERE (a = 123);
+ERROR:  WHERE clause not allowed for schema
+LINE 1: ..._syntax3 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema1, testpub_rf...
+                                                             ^
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- fail - duplicate tables are not allowed if that table has any WHERE clause
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_dups FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a = 1), testpub_rf_tbl1 WITH (publish = 'insert');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant WHERE clauses for table "testpub_rf_tbl1"
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_dups FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1, testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a = 2) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant WHERE clauses for table "testpub_rf_tbl1"
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- fail - publication WHERE clause must be boolean
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (1234);
+ERROR:  argument of PUBLICATION WHERE must be type boolean, not type integer
+LINE 1: ...PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (1234);
+                                                                 ^
+-- fail - aggregate functions not allowed in WHERE clause
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e < AVG(e));
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in WHERE
+LINE 1: ...ATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e < AVG(e));
+                                                               ^
+-- fail - user-defined operators are not allowed
+CREATE FUNCTION testpub_rf_func1(integer, integer) RETURNS boolean AS $$ SELECT hashint4($1) > $2 $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE OPERATOR =#> (PROCEDURE = testpub_rf_func1, LEFTARG = integer, RIGHTARG = integer);
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e =#> 27);
+ERROR:  invalid publication WHERE expression
+LINE 1: ...ICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e =#> 27);
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  User-defined operators are not allowed.
+-- fail - user-defined functions are not allowed
+CREATE FUNCTION testpub_rf_func2() RETURNS integer AS $$ BEGIN RETURN 123; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 ADD TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a >= testpub_rf_func2());
+ERROR:  invalid publication WHERE expression
+LINE 1: ...ON testpub5 ADD TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a >= testpub_rf...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  User-defined or built-in mutable functions are not allowed.
+-- fail - non-immutable functions are not allowed. random() is volatile.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 ADD TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a < random());
+ERROR:  invalid publication WHERE expression
+LINE 1: ...ION testpub5 ADD TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a < random());
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  User-defined or built-in mutable functions are not allowed.
+-- fail - user-defined collations are not allowed
+CREATE COLLATION user_collation FROM "C";
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 ADD TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (b < '2' COLLATE user_collation);
+ERROR:  invalid publication WHERE expression
+LINE 1: ...ICATION testpub5 ADD TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (b < '2' CO...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  User-defined collations are not allowed.
+-- ok - NULLIF is allowed
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (NULLIF(1,2) = a);
+-- ok - built-in operators are allowed
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a IS NULL);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE ((a > 5) IS FALSE);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a IS DISTINCT FROM 5);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE ((a, a + 1) < (2, 3));
+-- ok - built-in type coercions between two binary compatible datatypes are allowed
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (b::varchar < '2');
+-- ok - immutable built-in functions are allowed
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl4 WHERE (length(g) < 6);
+-- fail - user-defined types are not allowed
+CREATE TYPE rf_bug_status AS ENUM ('new', 'open', 'closed');
+CREATE TABLE rf_bug (id serial, description text, status rf_bug_status);
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE rf_bug WHERE (status = 'open') WITH (publish = 'insert');
+ERROR:  invalid publication WHERE expression
+LINE 1: ...EATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE rf_bug WHERE (status = '...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  User-defined types are not allowed.
+DROP TABLE rf_bug;
+DROP TYPE rf_bug_status;
+-- fail - row filter expression is not simple
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a IN (SELECT generate_series(1,5)));
+ERROR:  invalid publication WHERE expression
+LINE 1: ...ICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a IN (SELE...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  Only columns, constants, built-in operators, built-in data types, built-in collations, and immutable built-in functions are allowed.
+-- fail - system columns are not allowed
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE ('(0,1)'::tid = ctid);
+ERROR:  invalid publication WHERE expression
+LINE 1: ...tpub6 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE ('(0,1)'::tid = ctid);
+                                                                 ^
+DETAIL:  System columns are not allowed.
+-- ok - conditional expressions are allowed
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl5 WHERE (a IS DOCUMENT);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl5 WHERE (xmlexists('//foo[text() = ''bar'']' PASSING BY VALUE a));
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (NULLIF(1, 2) = a);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (CASE a WHEN 5 THEN true ELSE false END);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (COALESCE(b, 'foo') = 'foo');
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (GREATEST(a, 10) > 10);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a IN (2, 4, 6));
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (ARRAY[a] <@ ARRAY[2, 4, 6]);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (ROW(a, 2) IS NULL);
+-- fail - WHERE not allowed in DROP
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (e < 27);
+ERROR:  cannot use a WHERE clause when removing a table from a publication
+-- fail - cannot ALTER SET table which is a member of a pre-existing schema
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema2;
+-- should be able to set publication with schema and table of the same schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema2, TABLE testpub_rf_schema2.testpub_rf_tbl6 WHERE (i < 99);
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub6
+                                    Publication testpub6
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "testpub_rf_schema2.testpub_rf_tbl6" WHERE (i < 99)
+Tables from schemas:
+    "testpub_rf_schema2"
+
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl2;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl4;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl5;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_schema1.testpub_rf_tbl5;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_schema2.testpub_rf_tbl6;
+DROP SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema1;
+DROP SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema2;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub5;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub6;
+DROP OPERATOR =#>(integer, integer);
+DROP FUNCTION testpub_rf_func1(integer, integer);
+DROP FUNCTION testpub_rf_func2();
+DROP COLLATION user_collation;
+-- ======================================================
+-- More row filter tests for validating column references
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk(a int, b int, c int, d int);
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk(a int, b int, c int, d int, PRIMARY KEY(a,b));
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int) PARTITION by RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 (b int, a int PRIMARY KEY);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk ATTACH PARTITION rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+-- Case 1. REPLICA IDENTITY DEFAULT (means use primary key or nothing)
+-- 1a. REPLICA IDENTITY is DEFAULT and table has a PK.
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (a > 99);
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- ok - "a" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (b > 99);
+-- ok - "b" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (c > 99);
+-- fail - "c" is not part of the PK
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_pk"
+DETAIL:  Column used in the publication WHERE expression is not part of the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (d > 99);
+-- fail - "d" is not part of the PK
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_pk"
+DETAIL:  Column used in the publication WHERE expression is not part of the replica identity.
+-- 1b. REPLICA IDENTITY is DEFAULT and table has no PK
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- fail - "a" is not part of REPLICA IDENTITY
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_nopk"
+DETAIL:  Column used in the publication WHERE expression is not part of the replica identity.
+-- Case 2. REPLICA IDENTITY FULL
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (c > 99);
+-- ok - "c" is in REPLICA IDENTITY now even though not in PK
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- ok - "a" is in REPLICA IDENTITY now
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+-- Case 3. REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- fail - "a" is in PK but it is not part of REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_pk"
+DETAIL:  Column used in the publication WHERE expression is not part of the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (c > 99);
+-- fail - "c" is not in PK and not in REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_pk"
+DETAIL:  Column used in the publication WHERE expression is not part of the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- fail - "a" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_nopk"
+DETAIL:  Column used in the publication WHERE expression is not part of the replica identity.
+-- Case 4. REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk ALTER COLUMN c SET NOT NULL;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_abcd_pk_c ON rf_tbl_abcd_pk(c);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX idx_abcd_pk_c;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk ALTER COLUMN c SET NOT NULL;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_abcd_nopk_c ON rf_tbl_abcd_nopk(c);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX idx_abcd_nopk_c;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- fail - "a" is in PK but it is not part of REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_pk"
+DETAIL:  Column used in the publication WHERE expression is not part of the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (c > 99);
+-- ok - "c" is not in PK but it is part of REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- fail - "a" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_nopk"
+DETAIL:  Column used in the publication WHERE expression is not part of the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk WHERE (c > 99);
+-- ok - "c" is part of REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+-- Tests for partitioned table
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to false and test row filter for partitioned
+-- table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- fail - cannot use row filter for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk WHERE (a > 99);
+ERROR:  cannot use publication WHERE clause for relation "rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk"
+DETAIL:  WHERE clause cannot be used for a partitioned table when publish_via_partition_root is false.
+-- ok - can use row filter for partition
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 WHERE (a > 99);
+-- ok - "a" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to true and test row filter for partitioned
+-- table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+-- ok - can use row filter for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- ok - "a" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+-- fail - cannot set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to false if any row filter is
+-- used for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+ERROR:  cannot set parameter "publish_via_partition_root" to false for publication "testpub6"
+DETAIL:  The publication contains a WHERE clause for partitioned table "rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk", which is not allowed when "publish_via_partition_root" is false.
+-- remove partitioned table's row filter
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk;
+-- ok - we don't have row filter for partitioned table.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- Now change the root filter to use a column "b"
+-- (which is not in the replica identity)
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 WHERE (b > 99);
+-- ok - we don't have row filter for partitioned table.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- fail - "b" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1"
+DETAIL:  Column used in the publication WHERE expression is not part of the replica identity.
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to true
+-- can use row filter for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+-- ok - can use row filter for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk WHERE (b > 99);
+-- fail - "b" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1"
+DETAIL:  Column used in the publication WHERE expression is not part of the replica identity.
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub6;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk;
+-- ======================================================
+-- fail - duplicate tables are not allowed if that table has any column lists
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_dups FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1 (a), testpub_tbl1 WITH (publish = 'insert');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant column lists for table "testpub_tbl1"
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_dups FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1, testpub_tbl1 (a) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+ERROR:  conflicting or redundant column lists for table "testpub_tbl1"
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- test for column lists
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortable FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortable_insert WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text, c text,
+	d int generated always as (a + length(b)) stored);
+-- error: column "x" does not exist
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a, x);
+ERROR:  column "x" of relation "testpub_tbl5" does not exist
+-- error: replica identity "a" not included in the column list
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (b, c);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl5 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_tbl5"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable DROP TABLE testpub_tbl5;
+-- error: generated column "d" can't be in list
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a, d);
+ERROR:  cannot use generated column "d" in publication column list
+-- error: system attributes "ctid" not allowed in column list
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a, ctid);
+ERROR:  cannot use system column "ctid" in publication column list
+-- ok
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a, c);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl5 DROP COLUMN c;		-- no dice
+ERROR:  cannot drop column c of table testpub_tbl5 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  publication of table testpub_tbl5 in publication testpub_fortable depends on column c of table testpub_tbl5
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- ok: for insert-only publication, any column list is acceptable
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable_insert ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (b, c);
+/* not all replica identities are good enough */
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX testpub_tbl5_b_key ON testpub_tbl5 (b, c);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl5 ALTER b SET NOT NULL, ALTER c SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl5 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl5_b_key;
+-- error: replica identity (b,c) is not covered by column list (a, c)
+UPDATE testpub_tbl5 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_tbl5"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable DROP TABLE testpub_tbl5;
+-- error: change the replica identity to "b", and column list to (a, c)
+-- then update fails, because (a, c) does not cover replica identity
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl5 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl5_b_key;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a, c);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl5 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_tbl5"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+/* But if upd/del are not published, it works OK */
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_table_ins WITH (publish = 'insert, truncate');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_table_ins ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a);		-- ok
+\dRp+ testpub_table_ins
+                               Publication testpub_table_ins
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | f       | f       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_tbl5" (a)
+
+-- tests with REPLICA IDENTITY FULL
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl6 (a int, b text, c text);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl6 REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl6 (a, b, c);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl6 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_tbl6"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable DROP TABLE testpub_tbl6;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl6; -- ok
+UPDATE testpub_tbl6 SET a = 1;
+-- make sure changing the column list is propagated to the catalog
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl7 (a int primary key, b text, c text);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl7 (a, b);
+\d+ testpub_tbl7
+                                Table "public.testpub_tbl7"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ b      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "testpub_tbl7_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+Publications:
+    "testpub_fortable" (a, b)
+
+-- ok: the column list is the same, we should skip this table (or at least not fail)
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable SET TABLE testpub_tbl7 (a, b);
+\d+ testpub_tbl7
+                                Table "public.testpub_tbl7"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ b      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "testpub_tbl7_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+Publications:
+    "testpub_fortable" (a, b)
+
+-- ok: the column list changes, make sure the catalog gets updated
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable SET TABLE testpub_tbl7 (a, c);
+\d+ testpub_tbl7
+                                Table "public.testpub_tbl7"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ b      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ c      | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "testpub_tbl7_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
+Publications:
+    "testpub_fortable" (a, c)
+
+-- column list for partitioned tables has to cover replica identities for
+-- all child relations
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a int, b text, c text) PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+-- first partition has replica identity "a"
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 PARTITION OF testpub_tbl8 FOR VALUES WITH (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_0_pkey;
+-- second partition has replica identity "b"
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 PARTITION OF testpub_tbl8 FOR VALUES WITH (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (b);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_1_pkey;
+-- ok: column list covers both "a" and "b"
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_col_list FOR TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, b) WITH (publish_via_partition_root = 'true');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- ok: the same thing, but try plain ADD TABLE
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list DROP TABLE testpub_tbl8;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list ADD TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, b);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+-- failure: column list does not cover replica identity for the second partition
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list DROP TABLE testpub_tbl8;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list ADD TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, c);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_tbl8_1"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list DROP TABLE testpub_tbl8;
+-- failure: one of the partitions has REPLICA IDENTITY FULL
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list ADD TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, c);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_tbl8_1"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list DROP TABLE testpub_tbl8;
+-- add table and then try changing replica identity
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_1_pkey;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list ADD TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, b);
+-- failure: replica identity full can't be used with a column list
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_tbl8_1"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+-- failure: replica identity has to be covered by the column list
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 DROP CONSTRAINT testpub_tbl8_1_pkey;
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (c);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_1_pkey;
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_tbl8_1"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl8;
+-- column list for partitioned tables has to cover replica identities for
+-- all child relations
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a int, b text, c text) PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list ADD TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, b);
+-- first partition has replica identity "a"
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 (a int, b text, c text);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_0_pkey;
+-- second partition has replica identity "b"
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 (a int, b text, c text);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (c);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_1_pkey;
+-- ok: attaching first partition works, because (a) is in column list
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8 ATTACH PARTITION testpub_tbl8_0 FOR VALUES WITH (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+-- failure: second partition has replica identity (c), which si not in column list
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8 ATTACH PARTITION testpub_tbl8_1 FOR VALUES WITH (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_tbl8_1"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+-- failure: changing replica identity to FULL for partition fails, because
+-- of the column list on the parent
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_tbl8_0"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+-- test that using column list for table is disallowed if any schemas are
+-- part of the publication
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+-- failure - cannot use column list and schema together
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA public, TABLE public.testpub_tbl7(a);
+ERROR:  cannot use column list for relation "public.testpub_tbl7" in publication "testpub_tbl9"
+DETAIL:  Column lists cannot be specified in publications containing FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA elements.
+-- ok - only publish schema
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA public;
+-- failure - add a table with column list when there is already a schema in the
+-- publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 ADD TABLE public.testpub_tbl7(a);
+ERROR:  cannot use column list for relation "public.testpub_tbl7" in publication "testpub_tbl9"
+DETAIL:  Column lists cannot be specified in publications containing FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA elements.
+-- ok - only publish table with column list
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 SET TABLE public.testpub_tbl7(a);
+-- failure - specify a schema when there is already a column list in the
+-- publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA public;
+ERROR:  cannot add schema to publication "testpub_tbl9"
+DETAIL:  Schemas cannot be added if any tables that specify a column list are already part of the publication.
+-- failure - cannot SET column list and schema together
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 SET TABLES IN SCHEMA public, TABLE public.testpub_tbl7(a);
+ERROR:  cannot use column list for relation "public.testpub_tbl7" in publication "testpub_tbl9"
+DETAIL:  Column lists cannot be specified in publications containing FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA elements.
+-- ok - drop table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 DROP TABLE public.testpub_tbl7;
+-- failure - cannot ADD column list and schema together
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA public, TABLE public.testpub_tbl7(a);
+ERROR:  cannot use column list for relation "public.testpub_tbl7" in publication "testpub_tbl9"
+DETAIL:  Column lists cannot be specified in publications containing FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA elements.
+RESET client_min_messages;
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl5, testpub_tbl6, testpub_tbl7, testpub_tbl8, testpub_tbl8_1;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_table_ins, testpub_fortable, testpub_fortable_insert, testpub_col_list, testpub_tbl9;
+-- ======================================================
+-- Test combination of column list and row filter
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_both_filters;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl_both_filters (a int, b int, c int, PRIMARY KEY (a,c));
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl_both_filters REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl_both_filters_pkey;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_both_filters ADD TABLE testpub_tbl_both_filters (a,c) WHERE (c != 1);
+\dRp+ testpub_both_filters
+                              Publication testpub_both_filters
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "public.testpub_tbl_both_filters" (a, c) WHERE (c <> 1)
+
+\d+ testpub_tbl_both_filters
+                         Table "public.testpub_tbl_both_filters"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           | not null |         | plain   |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ c      | integer |           | not null |         | plain   |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "testpub_tbl_both_filters_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a, c) REPLICA IDENTITY
+Publications:
+    "testpub_both_filters" (a, c) WHERE (c <> 1)
+
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl_both_filters;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_both_filters;
+-- ======================================================
+-- More column list tests for validating column references
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk(a int, b int, c int, d int);
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk(a int, b int, c int, d int, PRIMARY KEY(a,b));
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int) PARTITION by RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 (b int, a int PRIMARY KEY);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk ATTACH PARTITION rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+-- Case 1. REPLICA IDENTITY DEFAULT (means use primary key or nothing)
+-- 1a. REPLICA IDENTITY is DEFAULT and table has a PK.
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a, b);
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- ok - (a,b) coverts all PK cols
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a, b, c);
+-- ok - (a,b,c) coverts all PK cols
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a);
+-- fail - "b" is missing from the column list
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_pk"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (b);
+-- fail - "a" is missing from the column list
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_pk"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+-- 1b. REPLICA IDENTITY is DEFAULT and table has no PK
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk (a);
+-- ok - there's no replica identity, so any column list works
+-- note: it fails anyway, just a bit later because UPDATE requires RI
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_nopk" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+-- Case 2. REPLICA IDENTITY FULL
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (c);
+-- fail - with REPLICA IDENTITY FULL no column list is allowed
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_pk"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk (a, b, c, d);
+-- fail - with REPLICA IDENTITY FULL no column list is allowed
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_nopk"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+-- Case 3. REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a);
+-- ok - REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING means all column lists are valid
+-- it still fails later because without RI we can't replicate updates
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_pk" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a, b, c, d);
+-- ok - REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING means all column lists are valid
+-- it still fails later because without RI we can't replicate updates
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_pk" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk (d);
+-- ok - REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING means all column lists are valid
+-- it still fails later because without RI we can't replicate updates
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_nopk" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+-- Case 4. REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk ALTER COLUMN c SET NOT NULL;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_abcd_pk_c ON rf_tbl_abcd_pk(c);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX idx_abcd_pk_c;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk ALTER COLUMN c SET NOT NULL;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_abcd_nopk_c ON rf_tbl_abcd_nopk(c);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX idx_abcd_nopk_c;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a);
+-- fail - column list "a" does not cover the REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX on "c"
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_pk"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (c);
+-- ok - column list "c" does cover the REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX on "c"
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk (a);
+-- fail - column list "a" does not cover the REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX on "c"
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_nopk"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk (c);
+-- ok - column list "c" does cover the REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX on "c"
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+-- Tests for partitioned table
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to false and test column list for partitioned
+-- table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- fail - cannot use column list for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk (a);
+ERROR:  cannot use column list for relation "public.rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk" in publication "testpub6"
+DETAIL:  Column lists cannot be specified for partitioned tables when publish_via_partition_root is false.
+-- ok - can use column list for partition
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 (a);
+-- ok - "a" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to true and test column list for partitioned
+-- table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+-- ok - can use column list for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk (a);
+-- ok - "a" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+-- fail - cannot set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to false if any column list is
+-- used for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+ERROR:  cannot set parameter "publish_via_partition_root" to false for publication "testpub6"
+DETAIL:  The publication contains a column list for partitioned table "rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk", which is not allowed when "publish_via_partition_root" is false.
+-- remove partitioned table's column list
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk;
+-- ok - we don't have column list for partitioned table.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- Now change the root column list to use a column "b"
+-- (which is not in the replica identity)
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 (b);
+-- ok - we don't have column list for partitioned table.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- fail - "b" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to true
+-- can use column list for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+-- ok - can use column list for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk (b);
+-- fail - "b" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1"
+DETAIL:  Column list used by the publication does not cover the replica identity.
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub6;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk;
+-- ======================================================
+-- Test cache invalidation FOR ALL TABLES publication
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl4(a int);
+INSERT INTO testpub_tbl4 values(1);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl4 set a = 2;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables FOR ALL TABLES;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- fail missing REPLICA IDENTITY
+UPDATE testpub_tbl4 set a = 3;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_tbl4" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables;
+-- should pass after dropping the publication
+UPDATE testpub_tbl4 set a = 3;
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl4;
+-- fail - view
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortbl FOR TABLE testpub_view;
+ERROR:  cannot add relation "testpub_view" to publication
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for views.
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE testpub_temptbl(a int);
+-- fail - temporary table
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortemptbl FOR TABLE testpub_temptbl;
+ERROR:  cannot add relation "testpub_temptbl" to publication
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for temporary tables.
+DROP TABLE testpub_temptbl;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE testpub_unloggedtbl(a int);
+-- fail - unlogged table
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forunloggedtbl FOR TABLE testpub_unloggedtbl;
+ERROR:  cannot add relation "testpub_unloggedtbl" to publication
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for unlogged tables.
+DROP TABLE testpub_unloggedtbl;
+-- fail - system table
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forsystemtbl FOR TABLE pg_publication;
+ERROR:  cannot add relation "pg_publication" to publication
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for system tables.
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortbl FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1, pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- fail - already added
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortbl ADD TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+ERROR:  relation "testpub_tbl1" is already member of publication "testpub_fortbl"
+-- fail - already added
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortbl FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+ERROR:  publication "testpub_fortbl" already exists
+\dRp+ testpub_fortbl
+                                 Publication testpub_fortbl
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "pub_test.testpub_nopk"
+    "public.testpub_tbl1"
+
+-- fail - view
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default ADD TABLE testpub_view;
+ERROR:  cannot add relation "testpub_view" to publication
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for views.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default ADD TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default SET TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default ADD TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpib_ins_trunct ADD TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk, testpub_tbl1;
+\d+ pub_test.testpub_nopk
+                              Table "pub_test.testpub_nopk"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ foo    | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ bar    | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Publications:
+    "testpib_ins_trunct"
+    "testpub_default"
+    "testpub_fortbl"
+
+\d+ testpub_tbl1
+                                                Table "public.testpub_tbl1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |                 Default                  | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | nextval('testpub_tbl1_id_seq'::regclass) | plain    |              | 
+ data   | text    |           |          |                                          | extended |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "testpub_tbl1_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+Publications:
+    "testpib_ins_trunct"
+    "testpub_default"
+    "testpub_fortbl"
+
+\dRp+ testpub_default
+                                Publication testpub_default
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | f         | f
+Tables:
+    "pub_test.testpub_nopk"
+    "public.testpub_tbl1"
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default DROP TABLE testpub_tbl1, pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+-- fail - nonexistent
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default DROP TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+ERROR:  relation "testpub_nopk" is not part of the publication
+\d+ testpub_tbl1
+                                                Table "public.testpub_tbl1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |                 Default                  | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | nextval('testpub_tbl1_id_seq'::regclass) | plain    |              | 
+ data   | text    |           |          |                                          | extended |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "testpub_tbl1_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+Publications:
+    "testpib_ins_trunct"
+    "testpub_fortbl"
+
+-- verify relation cache invalidation when a primary key is added using
+-- an existing index
+CREATE TABLE pub_test.testpub_addpk (id int not null, data int);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default ADD TABLE pub_test.testpub_addpk;
+INSERT INTO pub_test.testpub_addpk VALUES(1, 11);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX testpub_addpk_id_idx ON pub_test.testpub_addpk(id);
+-- fail:
+UPDATE pub_test.testpub_addpk SET id = 2;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_addpk" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+ALTER TABLE pub_test.testpub_addpk ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX testpub_addpk_id_idx;
+-- now it should work:
+UPDATE pub_test.testpub_addpk SET id = 2;
+DROP TABLE pub_test.testpub_addpk;
+-- permissions
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user2;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub2;  -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for database regression
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user;
+GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE regression TO regress_publication_user2;
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user2;
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub2;  -- ok
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub3 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;  -- fail
+ERROR:  must be superuser to create FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA publication
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub3;  -- ok
+RESET client_min_messages;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub2 ADD TABLE testpub_tbl1;  -- fail
+ERROR:  must be owner of table testpub_tbl1
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub3 ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;  -- fail
+ERROR:  must be superuser to add or set schemas
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user;
+GRANT regress_publication_user TO regress_publication_user2;
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user2;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub2 ADD TABLE testpub_tbl1;  -- ok
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub2;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub3;
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user;
+CREATE ROLE regress_publication_user3;
+GRANT regress_publication_user2 TO regress_publication_user3;
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub4 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub4 OWNER TO regress_publication_user3;
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user3;
+-- fail - new owner must be superuser
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub4 owner to regress_publication_user2; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied to change owner of publication "testpub4"
+HINT:  The owner of a FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA publication must be a superuser.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub4 owner to regress_publication_user; -- ok
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub4;
+DROP ROLE regress_publication_user3;
+REVOKE CREATE ON DATABASE regression FROM regress_publication_user2;
+DROP TABLE testpub_parted;
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+\dRp+ testpub_default
+                                Publication testpub_default
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | f         | f
+(1 row)
+
+-- fail - must be owner of publication
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user_dummy;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default RENAME TO testpub_dummy;
+ERROR:  must be owner of publication testpub_default
+RESET ROLE;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default RENAME TO testpub_foo;
+\dRp testpub_foo
+                                           List of publications
+    Name     |          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+-------------+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ testpub_foo | regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | f         | f
+(1 row)
+
+-- rename back to keep the rest simple
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foo RENAME TO testpub_default;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default OWNER TO regress_publication_user2;
+\dRp testpub_default
+                                             List of publications
+      Name       |           Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+-----------------+---------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ testpub_default | regress_publication_user2 | f          | t       | t       | t       | f         | f
+(1 row)
+
+-- adding schemas and tables
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_test1;
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_test2;
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_test3;
+CREATE SCHEMA "CURRENT_SCHEMA";
+CREATE TABLE pub_test1.tbl (id int, data text);
+CREATE TABLE pub_test1.tbl1 (id serial primary key, data text);
+CREATE TABLE pub_test2.tbl1 (id serial primary key, data text);
+CREATE TABLE "CURRENT_SCHEMA"."CURRENT_SCHEMA"(id int);
+-- suppress warning that depends on wal_level
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+                               Publication testpub1_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub2_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1, pub_test2, pub_test3;
+\dRp+ testpub2_forschema
+                               Publication testpub2_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+    "pub_test2"
+    "pub_test3"
+
+-- check create publication on CURRENT_SCHEMA
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub3_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub4_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA "CURRENT_SCHEMA";
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub5_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA CURRENT_SCHEMA, "CURRENT_SCHEMA";
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA "CURRENT_SCHEMA", CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortable FOR TABLE "CURRENT_SCHEMA"."CURRENT_SCHEMA";
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub3_forschema
+                               Publication testpub3_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "public"
+
+\dRp+ testpub4_forschema
+                               Publication testpub4_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "CURRENT_SCHEMA"
+
+\dRp+ testpub5_forschema
+                               Publication testpub5_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "CURRENT_SCHEMA"
+    "public"
+
+\dRp+ testpub6_forschema
+                               Publication testpub6_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "CURRENT_SCHEMA"
+    "public"
+
+\dRp+ testpub_fortable
+                                Publication testpub_fortable
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "CURRENT_SCHEMA.CURRENT_SCHEMA"
+
+-- check create publication on CURRENT_SCHEMA where search_path is not set
+SET SEARCH_PATH='';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+ERROR:  no schema has been selected for CURRENT_SCHEMA
+RESET SEARCH_PATH;
+-- check create publication on CURRENT_SCHEMA where TABLE/TABLES in SCHEMA
+-- is not specified
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema1 FOR CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+ERROR:  invalid publication object list
+LINE 1: CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema1 FOR CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+                                                  ^
+DETAIL:  One of TABLE or TABLES IN SCHEMA must be specified before a standalone table or schema name.
+-- check create publication on CURRENT_SCHEMA along with FOR TABLE
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema1 FOR TABLE CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "CURRENT_SCHEMA"
+LINE 1: CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema1 FOR TABLE CURRENT_SCHE...
+                                                        ^
+-- check create publication on a schema that does not exist
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA non_existent_schema;
+ERROR:  schema "non_existent_schema" does not exist
+-- check create publication on a system schema
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pg_catalog;
+ERROR:  cannot add schema "pg_catalog" to publication
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for system schemas.
+-- check create publication on an object which is not schema
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema1 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_view;
+ERROR:  schema "testpub_view" does not exist
+-- dropping the schema should reflect the change in publication
+DROP SCHEMA pub_test3;
+\dRp+ testpub2_forschema
+                               Publication testpub2_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+    "pub_test2"
+
+-- renaming the schema should reflect the change in publication
+ALTER SCHEMA pub_test1 RENAME to pub_test1_renamed;
+\dRp+ testpub2_forschema
+                               Publication testpub2_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1_renamed"
+    "pub_test2"
+
+ALTER SCHEMA pub_test1_renamed RENAME to pub_test1;
+\dRp+ testpub2_forschema
+                               Publication testpub2_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+    "pub_test2"
+
+-- alter publication add schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test2;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+                               Publication testpub1_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+    "pub_test2"
+
+-- add non existent schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA non_existent_schema;
+ERROR:  schema "non_existent_schema" does not exist
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+                               Publication testpub1_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+    "pub_test2"
+
+-- add a schema which is already added to the publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+ERROR:  schema "pub_test1" is already member of publication "testpub1_forschema"
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+                               Publication testpub1_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+    "pub_test2"
+
+-- alter publication drop schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test2;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+                               Publication testpub1_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+
+-- drop schema that is not present in the publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test2;
+ERROR:  tables from schema "pub_test2" are not part of the publication
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+                               Publication testpub1_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+
+-- drop a schema that does not exist in the system
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA non_existent_schema;
+ERROR:  schema "non_existent_schema" does not exist
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+                               Publication testpub1_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+
+-- drop all schemas
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+                               Publication testpub1_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+(1 row)
+
+-- alter publication set multiple schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1, pub_test2;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+                               Publication testpub1_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+    "pub_test2"
+
+-- alter publication set non-existent schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema SET TABLES IN SCHEMA non_existent_schema;
+ERROR:  schema "non_existent_schema" does not exist
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+                               Publication testpub1_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+    "pub_test2"
+
+-- alter publication set it duplicate schemas should set the schemas after
+-- removing the duplicate schemas
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1, pub_test1;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+                               Publication testpub1_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+
+-- Verify that it fails to add a schema with a column specification
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA foo (a, b);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "("
+LINE 1: ...LICATION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA foo (a, b);
+                                                                ^
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA foo, bar (a, b);
+ERROR:  column specification not allowed for schema
+LINE 1: ...TION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA foo, bar (a, b)...
+                                                             ^
+-- cleanup pub_test1 schema for invalidation tests
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub2_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub3_forschema, testpub4_forschema, testpub5_forschema, testpub6_forschema, testpub_fortable;
+DROP SCHEMA "CURRENT_SCHEMA" CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table "CURRENT_SCHEMA"."CURRENT_SCHEMA"
+-- verify relation cache invalidations through update statement for the
+-- default REPLICA IDENTITY on the relation, if schema is part of the
+-- publication then update will fail because relation's relreplident
+-- option will be set, if schema is not part of the publication then update
+-- will be successful.
+INSERT INTO pub_test1.tbl VALUES(1, 'test');
+-- fail
+UPDATE pub_test1.tbl SET id = 2;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "tbl" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+-- success
+UPDATE pub_test1.tbl SET id = 2;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+-- fail
+UPDATE pub_test1.tbl SET id = 2;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "tbl" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+-- verify invalidation of partition table having parent and child tables in
+-- different schema
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_testpart1;
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_testpart2;
+CREATE TABLE pub_testpart1.parent1 (a int) partition by list (a);
+CREATE TABLE pub_testpart2.child_parent1 partition of pub_testpart1.parent1 for values in (1);
+INSERT INTO pub_testpart2.child_parent1 values(1);
+UPDATE pub_testpart2.child_parent1 set a = 1;
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpubpart_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_testpart1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- fail
+UPDATE pub_testpart1.parent1 set a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "child_parent1" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+UPDATE pub_testpart2.child_parent1 set a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "child_parent1" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+DROP PUBLICATION testpubpart_forschema;
+-- verify invalidation of partition tables for schema publication that has
+-- parent and child tables of different partition hierarchies
+CREATE TABLE pub_testpart2.parent2 (a int) partition by list (a);
+CREATE TABLE pub_testpart1.child_parent2 partition of pub_testpart2.parent2 for values in (1);
+INSERT INTO pub_testpart1.child_parent2 values(1);
+UPDATE pub_testpart1.child_parent2 set a = 1;
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpubpart_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_testpart2;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- fail
+UPDATE pub_testpart2.child_parent1 set a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "child_parent1" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+UPDATE pub_testpart2.parent2 set a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "child_parent2" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+UPDATE pub_testpart1.child_parent2 set a = 1;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "child_parent2" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+-- alter publication set 'TABLES IN SCHEMA' on an empty publication.
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub3_forschema;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub3_forschema
+                               Publication testpub3_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub3_forschema SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+\dRp+ testpub3_forschema
+                               Publication testpub3_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+
+-- create publication including both 'FOR TABLE' and 'FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA'
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema_fortable FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1, TABLE pub_test2.tbl1;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortable_forschema FOR TABLE pub_test2.tbl1, TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub_forschema_fortable
+                           Publication testpub_forschema_fortable
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "pub_test2.tbl1"
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+
+\dRp+ testpub_fortable_forschema
+                           Publication testpub_fortable_forschema
+          Owner           | All tables | Inserts | Updates | Deletes | Truncates | Via root 
+--------------------------+------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+----------
+ regress_publication_user | f          | t       | t       | t       | t         | f
+Tables:
+    "pub_test2.tbl1"
+Tables from schemas:
+    "pub_test1"
+
+-- fail specifying table without any of 'FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA' or
+--'FOR TABLE' or 'FOR ALL TABLES'
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_error FOR pub_test2.tbl1;
+ERROR:  invalid publication object list
+LINE 1: CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_error FOR pub_test2.tbl1;
+                                             ^
+DETAIL:  One of TABLE or TABLES IN SCHEMA must be specified before a standalone table or schema name.
+DROP VIEW testpub_view;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_default;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpib_ins_trunct;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_fortbl;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub2_forschema;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub3_forschema;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_forschema_fortable;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_fortable_forschema;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpubpart_forschema;
+DROP SCHEMA pub_test CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table pub_test.testpub_nopk
+DROP SCHEMA pub_test1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table pub_test1.tbl
+drop cascades to table pub_test1.tbl1
+DROP SCHEMA pub_test2 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table pub_test2.tbl1
+DROP SCHEMA pub_testpart1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table pub_testpart1.parent1
+drop cascades to table pub_testpart1.child_parent2
+DROP SCHEMA pub_testpart2 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table pub_testpart2.parent2
+-- Test the list of partitions published with or without
+-- 'PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT' parameter
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE SCHEMA sch1;
+CREATE SCHEMA sch2;
+CREATE TABLE sch1.tbl1 (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE sch2.tbl1_part1 PARTITION OF sch1.tbl1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) to (10);
+-- Schema publication that does not include the schema that has the parent table
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA sch2 WITH (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+ pubname | schemaname | tablename  | attnames | rowfilter 
+---------+------------+------------+----------+-----------
+ pub     | sch2       | tbl1_part1 | {a}      | 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP PUBLICATION pub;
+-- Table publication that does not include the parent table
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub FOR TABLE sch2.tbl1_part1 WITH (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+ pubname | schemaname | tablename  | attnames | rowfilter 
+---------+------------+------------+----------+-----------
+ pub     | sch2       | tbl1_part1 | {a}      | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- Table publication that includes both the parent table and the child table
+ALTER PUBLICATION pub ADD TABLE sch1.tbl1;
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+ pubname | schemaname | tablename | attnames | rowfilter 
+---------+------------+-----------+----------+-----------
+ pub     | sch1       | tbl1      | {a}      | 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP PUBLICATION pub;
+-- Schema publication that does not include the schema that has the parent table
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA sch2 WITH (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+ pubname | schemaname | tablename  | attnames | rowfilter 
+---------+------------+------------+----------+-----------
+ pub     | sch2       | tbl1_part1 | {a}      | 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP PUBLICATION pub;
+-- Table publication that does not include the parent table
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub FOR TABLE sch2.tbl1_part1 WITH (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+ pubname | schemaname | tablename  | attnames | rowfilter 
+---------+------------+------------+----------+-----------
+ pub     | sch2       | tbl1_part1 | {a}      | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- Table publication that includes both the parent table and the child table
+ALTER PUBLICATION pub ADD TABLE sch1.tbl1;
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+ pubname | schemaname | tablename  | attnames | rowfilter 
+---------+------------+------------+----------+-----------
+ pub     | sch2       | tbl1_part1 | {a}      | 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP PUBLICATION pub;
+DROP TABLE sch2.tbl1_part1;
+DROP TABLE sch1.tbl1;
+CREATE TABLE sch1.tbl1 (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE sch1.tbl1_part1 PARTITION OF sch1.tbl1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) to (10);
+CREATE TABLE sch1.tbl1_part2 PARTITION OF sch1.tbl1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) to (20);
+CREATE TABLE sch1.tbl1_part3 (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+ALTER TABLE sch1.tbl1 ATTACH PARTITION sch1.tbl1_part3 FOR VALUES FROM (20) to (30);
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA sch1 WITH (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+ pubname | schemaname | tablename | attnames | rowfilter 
+---------+------------+-----------+----------+-----------
+ pub     | sch1       | tbl1      | {a}      | 
+(1 row)
+
+RESET client_min_messages;
+DROP PUBLICATION pub;
+DROP TABLE sch1.tbl1;
+DROP SCHEMA sch1 cascade;
+DROP SCHEMA sch2 cascade;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP ROLE regress_publication_user, regress_publication_user2;
+DROP ROLE regress_publication_user_dummy;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/random.out b/src/test/regress/expected/random.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a919b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/random.out
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+--
+-- RANDOM
+-- Test the random function
+--
+-- count the number of tuples originally, should be 1000
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek;
+ count 
+-------
+  1000
+(1 row)
+
+-- pick three random rows, they shouldn't match
+(SELECT unique1 AS random
+  FROM onek ORDER BY random() LIMIT 1)
+INTERSECT
+(SELECT unique1 AS random
+  FROM onek ORDER BY random() LIMIT 1)
+INTERSECT
+(SELECT unique1 AS random
+  FROM onek ORDER BY random() LIMIT 1);
+ random 
+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- count roughly 1/10 of the tuples
+CREATE TABLE RANDOM_TBL AS
+  SELECT count(*) AS random
+  FROM onek WHERE random() < 1.0/10;
+-- select again, the count should be different
+INSERT INTO RANDOM_TBL (random)
+  SELECT count(*)
+  FROM onek WHERE random() < 1.0/10;
+-- select again, the count should be different
+INSERT INTO RANDOM_TBL (random)
+  SELECT count(*)
+  FROM onek WHERE random() < 1.0/10;
+-- select again, the count should be different
+INSERT INTO RANDOM_TBL (random)
+  SELECT count(*)
+  FROM onek WHERE random() < 1.0/10;
+-- now test that they are different counts
+SELECT random, count(random) FROM RANDOM_TBL
+  GROUP BY random HAVING count(random) > 3;
+ random | count 
+--------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT AVG(random) FROM RANDOM_TBL
+  HAVING AVG(random) NOT BETWEEN 80 AND 120;
+ avg 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rangefuncs.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rangefuncs.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2e62db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rangefuncs.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2487 @@
+CREATE TABLE rngfunc2(rngfuncid int, f2 int);
+INSERT INTO rngfunc2 VALUES(1, 11);
+INSERT INTO rngfunc2 VALUES(2, 22);
+INSERT INTO rngfunc2 VALUES(1, 111);
+CREATE FUNCTION rngfunct(int) returns setof rngfunc2 as 'SELECT * FROM rngfunc2 WHERE rngfuncid = $1 ORDER BY f2;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- function with ORDINALITY
+select * from rngfunct(1) with ordinality as z(a,b,ord);
+ a |  b  | ord 
+---+-----+-----
+ 1 |  11 |   1
+ 1 | 111 |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from rngfunct(1) with ordinality as z(a,b,ord) where b > 100;   -- ordinal 2, not 1
+ a |  b  | ord 
+---+-----+-----
+ 1 | 111 |   2
+(1 row)
+
+-- ordinality vs. column names and types
+select a,b,ord from rngfunct(1) with ordinality as z(a,b,ord);
+ a |  b  | ord 
+---+-----+-----
+ 1 |  11 |   1
+ 1 | 111 |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+select a,ord from unnest(array['a','b']) with ordinality as z(a,ord);
+ a | ord 
+---+-----
+ a |   1
+ b |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from unnest(array['a','b']) with ordinality as z(a,ord);
+ a | ord 
+---+-----
+ a |   1
+ b |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+select a,ord from unnest(array[1.0::float8]) with ordinality as z(a,ord);
+ a | ord 
+---+-----
+ 1 |   1
+(1 row)
+
+select * from unnest(array[1.0::float8]) with ordinality as z(a,ord);
+ a | ord 
+---+-----
+ 1 |   1
+(1 row)
+
+select row_to_json(s.*) from generate_series(11,14) with ordinality s;
+       row_to_json       
+-------------------------
+ {"s":11,"ordinality":1}
+ {"s":12,"ordinality":2}
+ {"s":13,"ordinality":3}
+ {"s":14,"ordinality":4}
+(4 rows)
+
+-- ordinality vs. views
+create temporary view vw_ord as select * from (values (1)) v(n) join rngfunct(1) with ordinality as z(a,b,ord) on (n=ord);
+select * from vw_ord;
+ n | a | b  | ord 
+---+---+----+-----
+ 1 | 1 | 11 |   1
+(1 row)
+
+select definition from pg_views where viewname='vw_ord';
+                               definition                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT v.n,                                                           +
+     z.a,                                                               +
+     z.b,                                                               +
+     z.ord                                                              +
+    FROM (( VALUES (1)) v(n)                                            +
+      JOIN rngfunct(1) WITH ORDINALITY z(a, b, ord) ON ((v.n = z.ord)));
+(1 row)
+
+drop view vw_ord;
+-- multiple functions
+select * from rows from(rngfunct(1),rngfunct(2)) with ordinality as z(a,b,c,d,ord);
+ a |  b  | c | d  | ord 
+---+-----+---+----+-----
+ 1 |  11 | 2 | 22 |   1
+ 1 | 111 |   |    |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+create temporary view vw_ord as select * from (values (1)) v(n) join rows from(rngfunct(1),rngfunct(2)) with ordinality as z(a,b,c,d,ord) on (n=ord);
+select * from vw_ord;
+ n | a | b  | c | d  | ord 
+---+---+----+---+----+-----
+ 1 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 22 |   1
+(1 row)
+
+select definition from pg_views where viewname='vw_ord';
+                                              definition                                               
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT v.n,                                                                                         +
+     z.a,                                                                                             +
+     z.b,                                                                                             +
+     z.c,                                                                                             +
+     z.d,                                                                                             +
+     z.ord                                                                                            +
+    FROM (( VALUES (1)) v(n)                                                                          +
+      JOIN ROWS FROM(rngfunct(1), rngfunct(2)) WITH ORDINALITY z(a, b, c, d, ord) ON ((v.n = z.ord)));
+(1 row)
+
+drop view vw_ord;
+-- expansions of unnest()
+select * from unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar'],array[1.0]);
+ unnest | unnest | unnest 
+--------+--------+--------
+     10 | foo    |    1.0
+     20 | bar    |       
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar'],array[1.0]) with ordinality as z(a,b,c,ord);
+ a  |  b  |  c  | ord 
+----+-----+-----+-----
+ 10 | foo | 1.0 |   1
+ 20 | bar |     |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from rows from(unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar'],array[1.0])) with ordinality as z(a,b,c,ord);
+ a  |  b  |  c  | ord 
+----+-----+-----+-----
+ 10 | foo | 1.0 |   1
+ 20 | bar |     |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from rows from(unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar']), generate_series(101,102)) with ordinality as z(a,b,c,ord);
+ a  |  b  |  c  | ord 
+----+-----+-----+-----
+ 10 | foo | 101 |   1
+ 20 | bar | 102 |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+create temporary view vw_ord as select * from unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar'],array[1.0]) as z(a,b,c);
+select * from vw_ord;
+ a  |  b  |  c  
+----+-----+-----
+ 10 | foo | 1.0
+ 20 | bar |    
+(2 rows)
+
+select definition from pg_views where viewname='vw_ord';
+                                       definition                                       
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT z.a,                                                                          +
+     z.b,                                                                              +
+     z.c                                                                               +
+    FROM UNNEST(ARRAY[10, 20], ARRAY['foo'::text, 'bar'::text], ARRAY[1.0]) z(a, b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+drop view vw_ord;
+create temporary view vw_ord as select * from rows from(unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar'],array[1.0])) as z(a,b,c);
+select * from vw_ord;
+ a  |  b  |  c  
+----+-----+-----
+ 10 | foo | 1.0
+ 20 | bar |    
+(2 rows)
+
+select definition from pg_views where viewname='vw_ord';
+                                       definition                                       
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT z.a,                                                                          +
+     z.b,                                                                              +
+     z.c                                                                               +
+    FROM UNNEST(ARRAY[10, 20], ARRAY['foo'::text, 'bar'::text], ARRAY[1.0]) z(a, b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+drop view vw_ord;
+create temporary view vw_ord as select * from rows from(unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar']), generate_series(1,2)) as z(a,b,c);
+select * from vw_ord;
+ a  |  b  | c 
+----+-----+---
+ 10 | foo | 1
+ 20 | bar | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+select definition from pg_views where viewname='vw_ord';
+                                                      definition                                                      
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT z.a,                                                                                                        +
+     z.b,                                                                                                            +
+     z.c                                                                                                             +
+    FROM ROWS FROM(unnest(ARRAY[10, 20]), unnest(ARRAY['foo'::text, 'bar'::text]), generate_series(1, 2)) z(a, b, c);
+(1 row)
+
+drop view vw_ord;
+-- ordinality and multiple functions vs. rewind and reverse scan
+begin;
+declare rf_cur scroll cursor for select * from rows from(generate_series(1,5),generate_series(1,2)) with ordinality as g(i,j,o);
+fetch all from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | 1
+ 2 | 2 | 2
+ 3 |   | 3
+ 4 |   | 4
+ 5 |   | 5
+(5 rows)
+
+fetch backward all from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+ 5 |   | 5
+ 4 |   | 4
+ 3 |   | 3
+ 2 | 2 | 2
+ 1 | 1 | 1
+(5 rows)
+
+fetch all from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | 1
+ 2 | 2 | 2
+ 3 |   | 3
+ 4 |   | 4
+ 5 |   | 5
+(5 rows)
+
+fetch next from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch next from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+fetch prior from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+ 5 |   | 5
+(1 row)
+
+fetch absolute 1 from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+fetch next from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+ 2 | 2 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+fetch next from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+ 3 |   | 3
+(1 row)
+
+fetch next from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+ 4 |   | 4
+(1 row)
+
+fetch prior from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+ 3 |   | 3
+(1 row)
+
+fetch prior from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+ 2 | 2 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+fetch prior from rf_cur;
+ i | j | o 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+commit;
+-- function with implicit LATERAL
+select * from rngfunc2, rngfunct(rngfunc2.rngfuncid) z where rngfunc2.f2 = z.f2;
+ rngfuncid | f2  | rngfuncid | f2  
+-----------+-----+-----------+-----
+         1 |  11 |         1 |  11
+         2 |  22 |         2 |  22
+         1 | 111 |         1 | 111
+(3 rows)
+
+-- function with implicit LATERAL and explicit ORDINALITY
+select * from rngfunc2, rngfunct(rngfunc2.rngfuncid) with ordinality as z(rngfuncid,f2,ord) where rngfunc2.f2 = z.f2;
+ rngfuncid | f2  | rngfuncid | f2  | ord 
+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----
+         1 |  11 |         1 |  11 |   1
+         2 |  22 |         2 |  22 |   1
+         1 | 111 |         1 | 111 |   2
+(3 rows)
+
+-- function in subselect
+select * from rngfunc2 where f2 in (select f2 from rngfunct(rngfunc2.rngfuncid) z where z.rngfuncid = rngfunc2.rngfuncid) ORDER BY 1,2;
+ rngfuncid | f2  
+-----------+-----
+         1 |  11
+         1 | 111
+         2 |  22
+(3 rows)
+
+-- function in subselect
+select * from rngfunc2 where f2 in (select f2 from rngfunct(1) z where z.rngfuncid = rngfunc2.rngfuncid) ORDER BY 1,2;
+ rngfuncid | f2  
+-----------+-----
+         1 |  11
+         1 | 111
+(2 rows)
+
+-- function in subselect
+select * from rngfunc2 where f2 in (select f2 from rngfunct(rngfunc2.rngfuncid) z where z.rngfuncid = 1) ORDER BY 1,2;
+ rngfuncid | f2  
+-----------+-----
+         1 |  11
+         1 | 111
+(2 rows)
+
+-- nested functions
+select rngfunct.rngfuncid, rngfunct.f2 from rngfunct(sin(pi()/2)::int) ORDER BY 1,2;
+ rngfuncid | f2  
+-----------+-----
+         1 |  11
+         1 | 111
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE rngfunc (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text, primary key(rngfuncid,rngfuncsubid));
+INSERT INTO rngfunc VALUES(1,1,'Joe');
+INSERT INTO rngfunc VALUES(1,2,'Ed');
+INSERT INTO rngfunc VALUES(2,1,'Mary');
+-- sql, proretset = f, prorettype = b
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc1(int) RETURNS int AS 'SELECT $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc1(1) AS t1;
+ t1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc1(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+ v | o 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc1(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ getrngfunc1 
+-------------
+           1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc1(1) WITH ORDINALITY as t1(v,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ v | o 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+-- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = b
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc2(int) RETURNS setof int AS 'SELECT rngfuncid FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc2(1) AS t1;
+ t1 
+----
+  1
+  1
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc2(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+ v | o 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+ 1 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc2(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ getrngfunc2 
+-------------
+           1
+           1
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc2(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ v | o 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+ 1 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+-- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = b
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc3(int) RETURNS setof text AS 'SELECT rngfuncname FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc3(1) AS t1;
+ t1  
+-----
+ Joe
+ Ed
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc3(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+  v  | o 
+-----+---
+ Joe | 1
+ Ed  | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc3(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ getrngfunc3 
+-------------
+ Joe
+ Ed
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc3(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+  v  | o 
+-----+---
+ Joe | 1
+ Ed  | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+-- sql, proretset = f, prorettype = c
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc4(int) RETURNS rngfunc AS 'SELECT * FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc4(1) AS t1;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname 
+-----------+--------------+-------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc4(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+ a | b |  c  | o 
+---+---+-----+---
+ 1 | 1 | Joe | 1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc4(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname 
+-----------+--------------+-------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc4(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ a | b |  c  | o 
+---+---+-----+---
+ 1 | 1 | Joe | 1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+-- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = c
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc5(int) RETURNS setof rngfunc AS 'SELECT * FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc5(1) AS t1;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname 
+-----------+--------------+-------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe
+         1 |            2 | Ed
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc5(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+ a | b |  c  | o 
+---+---+-----+---
+ 1 | 1 | Joe | 1
+ 1 | 2 | Ed  | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc5(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname 
+-----------+--------------+-------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe
+         1 |            2 | Ed
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc5(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ a | b |  c  | o 
+---+---+-----+---
+ 1 | 1 | Joe | 1
+ 1 | 2 | Ed  | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+-- sql, proretset = f, prorettype = record
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc6(int) RETURNS RECORD AS 'SELECT * FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc6(1) AS t1(rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text);
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname 
+-----------+--------------+-------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM( getrngfunc6(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text) ) WITH ORDINALITY;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname | ordinality 
+-----------+--------------+-------------+------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe         |          1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc6(1) AS
+(rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname 
+-----------+--------------+-------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS
+  SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM( getrngfunc6(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text) )
+                WITH ORDINALITY;
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname | ordinality 
+-----------+--------------+-------------+------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe         |          1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+-- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = record
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc7(int) RETURNS setof record AS 'SELECT * FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc7(1) AS t1(rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text);
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname 
+-----------+--------------+-------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe
+         1 |            2 | Ed
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM( getrngfunc7(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text) ) WITH ORDINALITY;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname | ordinality 
+-----------+--------------+-------------+------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe         |          1
+         1 |            2 | Ed          |          2
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc7(1) AS
+(rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname 
+-----------+--------------+-------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe
+         1 |            2 | Ed
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS
+  SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM( getrngfunc7(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text) )
+                WITH ORDINALITY;
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname | ordinality 
+-----------+--------------+-------------+------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe         |          1
+         1 |            2 | Ed          |          2
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+-- plpgsql, proretset = f, prorettype = b
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc8(int) RETURNS int AS 'DECLARE rngfuncint int; BEGIN SELECT rngfuncid into rngfuncint FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1; RETURN rngfuncint; END;' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc8(1) AS t1;
+ t1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc8(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+ v | o 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc8(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ getrngfunc8 
+-------------
+           1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc8(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ v | o 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+-- plpgsql, proretset = f, prorettype = c
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc9(int) RETURNS rngfunc AS 'DECLARE rngfunctup rngfunc%ROWTYPE; BEGIN SELECT * into rngfunctup FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1; RETURN rngfunctup; END;' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc9(1) AS t1;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname 
+-----------+--------------+-------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc9(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+ a | b |  c  | o 
+---+---+-----+---
+ 1 | 1 | Joe | 1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc9(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ rngfuncid | rngfuncsubid | rngfuncname 
+-----------+--------------+-------------
+         1 |            1 | Joe
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc9(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+ a | b |  c  | o 
+---+---+-----+---
+ 1 | 1 | Joe | 1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+-- mix 'n match kinds, to exercise expandRTE and related logic
+select * from rows from(getrngfunc1(1),getrngfunc2(1),getrngfunc3(1),getrngfunc4(1),getrngfunc5(1),
+                    getrngfunc6(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text),
+                    getrngfunc7(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text),
+                    getrngfunc8(1),getrngfunc9(1))
+              with ordinality as t1(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,o,p,q,r,s,t,u);
+ a | b |  c  | d | e |  f  | g | h |  i  | j | k |  l  | m | o |  p  | q | r | s |  t  | u 
+---+---+-----+---+---+-----+---+---+-----+---+---+-----+---+---+-----+---+---+---+-----+---
+ 1 | 1 | Joe | 1 | 1 | Joe | 1 | 1 | Joe | 1 | 1 | Joe | 1 | 1 | Joe | 1 | 1 | 1 | Joe | 1
+   | 1 | Ed  |   |   |     | 1 | 2 | Ed  |   |   |     | 1 | 2 | Ed  |   |   |   |     | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from rows from(getrngfunc9(1),getrngfunc8(1),
+                    getrngfunc7(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text),
+                    getrngfunc6(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text),
+                    getrngfunc5(1),getrngfunc4(1),getrngfunc3(1),getrngfunc2(1),getrngfunc1(1))
+              with ordinality as t1(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,o,p,q,r,s,t,u);
+ a | b |  c  | d | e | f |  g  | h | i |  j  | k | l |  m  | o | p |  q  |  r  | s | t | u 
+---+---+-----+---+---+---+-----+---+---+-----+---+---+-----+---+---+-----+-----+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | Joe | 1 | 1 | 1 | Joe | 1 | 1 | Joe | 1 | 1 | Joe | 1 | 1 | Joe | Joe | 1 | 1 | 1
+   |   |     |   | 1 | 2 | Ed  |   |   |     | 1 | 2 | Ed  |   |   |     | Ed  | 1 |   | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+create temporary view vw_rngfunc as
+  select * from rows from(getrngfunc9(1),
+                      getrngfunc7(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text),
+                      getrngfunc1(1))
+                with ordinality as t1(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,n);
+select * from vw_rngfunc;
+ a | b |  c  | d | e |  f  | g | n 
+---+---+-----+---+---+-----+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | Joe | 1 | 1 | Joe | 1 | 1
+   |   |     | 1 | 2 | Ed  |   | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vw_rngfunc');
+                                                                                pg_get_viewdef                                                                                
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT t1.a,                                                                                                                                                               +
+     t1.b,                                                                                                                                                                   +
+     t1.c,                                                                                                                                                                   +
+     t1.d,                                                                                                                                                                   +
+     t1.e,                                                                                                                                                                   +
+     t1.f,                                                                                                                                                                   +
+     t1.g,                                                                                                                                                                   +
+     t1.n                                                                                                                                                                    +
+    FROM ROWS FROM(getrngfunc9(1), getrngfunc7(1) AS (rngfuncid integer, rngfuncsubid integer, rngfuncname text), getrngfunc1(1)) WITH ORDINALITY t1(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, n);
+(1 row)
+
+drop view vw_rngfunc;
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc1(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc2(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc3(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc4(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc5(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc6(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc7(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc8(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc9(int);
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunct(int);
+DROP TABLE rngfunc2;
+DROP TABLE rngfunc;
+-- Rescan tests --
+CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE rngfunc_rescan_seq1;
+CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE rngfunc_rescan_seq2;
+CREATE TYPE rngfunc_rescan_t AS (i integer, s bigint);
+CREATE FUNCTION rngfunc_sql(int,int) RETURNS setof rngfunc_rescan_t AS 'SELECT i, nextval(''rngfunc_rescan_seq1'') FROM generate_series($1,$2) i;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- plpgsql functions use materialize mode
+CREATE FUNCTION rngfunc_mat(int,int) RETURNS setof rngfunc_rescan_t AS 'begin for i in $1..$2 loop return next (i, nextval(''rngfunc_rescan_seq2'')); end loop; end;' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+--invokes ExecReScanFunctionScan - all these cases should materialize the function only once
+-- LEFT JOIN on a condition that the planner can't prove to be true is used to ensure the function
+-- is on the inner path of a nestloop join
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN rngfunc_sql(11,13) ON (r+i)<100;
+ r | i  | s 
+---+----+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2
+ 1 | 13 | 3
+ 2 | 11 | 1
+ 2 | 12 | 2
+ 2 | 13 | 3
+ 3 | 11 | 1
+ 3 | 12 | 2
+ 3 | 13 | 3
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN rngfunc_sql(11,13) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o) ON (r+i)<100;
+ r | i  | s | o 
+---+----+---+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2 | 2
+ 1 | 13 | 3 | 3
+ 2 | 11 | 1 | 1
+ 2 | 12 | 2 | 2
+ 2 | 13 | 3 | 3
+ 3 | 11 | 1 | 1
+ 3 | 12 | 2 | 2
+ 3 | 13 | 3 | 3
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN rngfunc_mat(11,13) ON (r+i)<100;
+ r | i  | s 
+---+----+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2
+ 1 | 13 | 3
+ 2 | 11 | 1
+ 2 | 12 | 2
+ 2 | 13 | 3
+ 3 | 11 | 1
+ 3 | 12 | 2
+ 3 | 13 | 3
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN rngfunc_mat(11,13) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o) ON (r+i)<100;
+ r | i  | s | o 
+---+----+---+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2 | 2
+ 1 | 13 | 3 | 3
+ 2 | 11 | 1 | 1
+ 2 | 12 | 2 | 2
+ 2 | 13 | 3 | 3
+ 3 | 11 | 1 | 1
+ 3 | 12 | 2 | 2
+ 3 | 13 | 3 | 3
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN ROWS FROM( rngfunc_sql(11,13), rngfunc_mat(11,13) ) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i1,s1,i2,s2,o) ON (r+i1+i2)<100;
+ r | i1 | s1 | i2 | s2 | o 
+---+----+----+----+----+---
+ 1 | 11 |  1 | 11 |  1 | 1
+ 1 | 12 |  2 | 12 |  2 | 2
+ 1 | 13 |  3 | 13 |  3 | 3
+ 2 | 11 |  1 | 11 |  1 | 1
+ 2 | 12 |  2 | 12 |  2 | 2
+ 2 | 13 |  3 | 13 |  3 | 3
+ 3 | 11 |  1 | 11 |  1 | 1
+ 3 | 12 |  2 | 12 |  2 | 2
+ 3 | 13 |  3 | 13 |  3 | 3
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN generate_series(11,13) f(i) ON (r+i)<100;
+ r | i  
+---+----
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 2 | 11
+ 2 | 12
+ 2 | 13
+ 3 | 11
+ 3 | 12
+ 3 | 13
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN generate_series(11,13) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,o) ON (r+i)<100;
+ r | i  | o 
+---+----+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2
+ 1 | 13 | 3
+ 2 | 11 | 1
+ 2 | 12 | 2
+ 2 | 13 | 3
+ 3 | 11 | 1
+ 3 | 12 | 2
+ 3 | 13 | 3
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN unnest(array[10,20,30]) f(i) ON (r+i)<100;
+ r | i  
+---+----
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 20
+ 1 | 30
+ 2 | 10
+ 2 | 20
+ 2 | 30
+ 3 | 10
+ 3 | 20
+ 3 | 30
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN unnest(array[10,20,30]) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,o) ON (r+i)<100;
+ r | i  | o 
+---+----+---
+ 1 | 10 | 1
+ 1 | 20 | 2
+ 1 | 30 | 3
+ 2 | 10 | 1
+ 2 | 20 | 2
+ 2 | 30 | 3
+ 3 | 10 | 1
+ 3 | 20 | 2
+ 3 | 30 | 3
+(9 rows)
+
+--invokes ExecReScanFunctionScan with chgParam != NULL (using implied LATERAL)
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_sql(10+r,13);
+ r | i  | s 
+---+----+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2
+ 1 | 13 | 3
+ 2 | 12 | 4
+ 2 | 13 | 5
+ 3 | 13 | 6
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_sql(10+r,13) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+ r | i  | s | o 
+---+----+---+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2 | 2
+ 1 | 13 | 3 | 3
+ 2 | 12 | 4 | 1
+ 2 | 13 | 5 | 2
+ 3 | 13 | 6 | 1
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_sql(11,10+r);
+ r | i  | s 
+---+----+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1
+ 2 | 11 | 2
+ 2 | 12 | 3
+ 3 | 11 | 4
+ 3 | 12 | 5
+ 3 | 13 | 6
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_sql(11,10+r) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+ r | i  | s | o 
+---+----+---+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1 | 1
+ 2 | 11 | 2 | 1
+ 2 | 12 | 3 | 2
+ 3 | 11 | 4 | 1
+ 3 | 12 | 5 | 2
+ 3 | 13 | 6 | 3
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (11,12),(13,15),(16,20)) v(r1,r2), rngfunc_sql(r1,r2);
+ r1 | r2 | i  | s  
+----+----+----+----
+ 11 | 12 | 11 |  1
+ 11 | 12 | 12 |  2
+ 13 | 15 | 13 |  3
+ 13 | 15 | 14 |  4
+ 13 | 15 | 15 |  5
+ 16 | 20 | 16 |  6
+ 16 | 20 | 17 |  7
+ 16 | 20 | 18 |  8
+ 16 | 20 | 19 |  9
+ 16 | 20 | 20 | 10
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (11,12),(13,15),(16,20)) v(r1,r2), rngfunc_sql(r1,r2) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+ r1 | r2 | i  | s  | o 
+----+----+----+----+---
+ 11 | 12 | 11 |  1 | 1
+ 11 | 12 | 12 |  2 | 2
+ 13 | 15 | 13 |  3 | 1
+ 13 | 15 | 14 |  4 | 2
+ 13 | 15 | 15 |  5 | 3
+ 16 | 20 | 16 |  6 | 1
+ 16 | 20 | 17 |  7 | 2
+ 16 | 20 | 18 |  8 | 3
+ 16 | 20 | 19 |  9 | 4
+ 16 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 5
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_mat(10+r,13);
+ r | i  | s 
+---+----+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2
+ 1 | 13 | 3
+ 2 | 12 | 4
+ 2 | 13 | 5
+ 3 | 13 | 6
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_mat(10+r,13) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+ r | i  | s | o 
+---+----+---+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2 | 2
+ 1 | 13 | 3 | 3
+ 2 | 12 | 4 | 1
+ 2 | 13 | 5 | 2
+ 3 | 13 | 6 | 1
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_mat(11,10+r);
+ r | i  | s 
+---+----+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1
+ 2 | 11 | 2
+ 2 | 12 | 3
+ 3 | 11 | 4
+ 3 | 12 | 5
+ 3 | 13 | 6
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_mat(11,10+r) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+ r | i  | s | o 
+---+----+---+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1 | 1
+ 2 | 11 | 2 | 1
+ 2 | 12 | 3 | 2
+ 3 | 11 | 4 | 1
+ 3 | 12 | 5 | 2
+ 3 | 13 | 6 | 3
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (11,12),(13,15),(16,20)) v(r1,r2), rngfunc_mat(r1,r2);
+ r1 | r2 | i  | s  
+----+----+----+----
+ 11 | 12 | 11 |  1
+ 11 | 12 | 12 |  2
+ 13 | 15 | 13 |  3
+ 13 | 15 | 14 |  4
+ 13 | 15 | 15 |  5
+ 16 | 20 | 16 |  6
+ 16 | 20 | 17 |  7
+ 16 | 20 | 18 |  8
+ 16 | 20 | 19 |  9
+ 16 | 20 | 20 | 10
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (11,12),(13,15),(16,20)) v(r1,r2), rngfunc_mat(r1,r2) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+ r1 | r2 | i  | s  | o 
+----+----+----+----+---
+ 11 | 12 | 11 |  1 | 1
+ 11 | 12 | 12 |  2 | 2
+ 13 | 15 | 13 |  3 | 1
+ 13 | 15 | 14 |  4 | 2
+ 13 | 15 | 15 |  5 | 3
+ 16 | 20 | 16 |  6 | 1
+ 16 | 20 | 17 |  7 | 2
+ 16 | 20 | 18 |  8 | 3
+ 16 | 20 | 19 |  9 | 4
+ 16 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 5
+(10 rows)
+
+-- selective rescan of multiple functions:
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), ROWS FROM( rngfunc_sql(11,11), rngfunc_mat(10+r,13) );
+ r | i  | s | i  | s 
+---+----+---+----+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1 | 11 | 1
+ 1 |    |   | 12 | 2
+ 1 |    |   | 13 | 3
+ 2 | 11 | 1 | 12 | 4
+ 2 |    |   | 13 | 5
+ 3 | 11 | 1 | 13 | 6
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), ROWS FROM( rngfunc_sql(10+r,13), rngfunc_mat(11,11) );
+ r | i  | s | i  | s 
+---+----+---+----+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1 | 11 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2 |    |  
+ 1 | 13 | 3 |    |  
+ 2 | 12 | 4 | 11 | 1
+ 2 | 13 | 5 |    |  
+ 3 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 1
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), ROWS FROM( rngfunc_sql(10+r,13), rngfunc_mat(10+r,13) );
+ r | i  | s | i  | s 
+---+----+---+----+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1 | 11 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2 | 12 | 2
+ 1 | 13 | 3 | 13 | 3
+ 2 | 12 | 4 | 12 | 4
+ 2 | 13 | 5 | 13 | 5
+ 3 | 13 | 6 | 13 | 6
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+ setval | setval 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,2) r1, generate_series(r1,3) r2, ROWS FROM( rngfunc_sql(10+r1,13), rngfunc_mat(10+r2,13) );
+ r1 | r2 | i  | s  | i  | s 
+----+----+----+----+----+---
+  1 |  1 | 11 |  1 | 11 | 1
+  1 |  1 | 12 |  2 | 12 | 2
+  1 |  1 | 13 |  3 | 13 | 3
+  1 |  2 | 11 |  4 | 12 | 4
+  1 |  2 | 12 |  5 | 13 | 5
+  1 |  2 | 13 |  6 |    |  
+  1 |  3 | 11 |  7 | 13 | 6
+  1 |  3 | 12 |  8 |    |  
+  1 |  3 | 13 |  9 |    |  
+  2 |  2 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 7
+  2 |  2 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 8
+  2 |  3 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 9
+  2 |  3 | 13 | 13 |    |  
+(13 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), generate_series(10+r,20-r) f(i);
+ r | i  
+---+----
+ 1 | 11
+ 1 | 12
+ 1 | 13
+ 1 | 14
+ 1 | 15
+ 1 | 16
+ 1 | 17
+ 1 | 18
+ 1 | 19
+ 2 | 12
+ 2 | 13
+ 2 | 14
+ 2 | 15
+ 2 | 16
+ 2 | 17
+ 2 | 18
+ 3 | 13
+ 3 | 14
+ 3 | 15
+ 3 | 16
+ 3 | 17
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), generate_series(10+r,20-r) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,o);
+ r | i  | o 
+---+----+---
+ 1 | 11 | 1
+ 1 | 12 | 2
+ 1 | 13 | 3
+ 1 | 14 | 4
+ 1 | 15 | 5
+ 1 | 16 | 6
+ 1 | 17 | 7
+ 1 | 18 | 8
+ 1 | 19 | 9
+ 2 | 12 | 1
+ 2 | 13 | 2
+ 2 | 14 | 3
+ 2 | 15 | 4
+ 2 | 16 | 5
+ 2 | 17 | 6
+ 2 | 18 | 7
+ 3 | 13 | 1
+ 3 | 14 | 2
+ 3 | 15 | 3
+ 3 | 16 | 4
+ 3 | 17 | 5
+(21 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), unnest(array[r*10,r*20,r*30]) f(i);
+ r | i  
+---+----
+ 1 | 10
+ 1 | 20
+ 1 | 30
+ 2 | 20
+ 2 | 40
+ 2 | 60
+ 3 | 30
+ 3 | 60
+ 3 | 90
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), unnest(array[r*10,r*20,r*30]) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,o);
+ r | i  | o 
+---+----+---
+ 1 | 10 | 1
+ 1 | 20 | 2
+ 1 | 30 | 3
+ 2 | 20 | 1
+ 2 | 40 | 2
+ 2 | 60 | 3
+ 3 | 30 | 1
+ 3 | 60 | 2
+ 3 | 90 | 3
+(9 rows)
+
+-- deep nesting
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v1(r1),
+              LATERAL (SELECT r1, * FROM (VALUES (10),(20),(30)) v2(r2)
+                                         LEFT JOIN generate_series(21,23) f(i) ON ((r2+i)<100) OFFSET 0) s1;
+ r1 | r1 | r2 | i  
+----+----+----+----
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 21
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 22
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 23
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 21
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 22
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 23
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 21
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 22
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 23
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 21
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 22
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 23
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 21
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 22
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 23
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 21
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 22
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 23
+  3 |  3 | 10 | 21
+  3 |  3 | 10 | 22
+  3 |  3 | 10 | 23
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 21
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 22
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 23
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 21
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 22
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 23
+(27 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v1(r1),
+              LATERAL (SELECT r1, * FROM (VALUES (10),(20),(30)) v2(r2)
+                                         LEFT JOIN generate_series(20+r1,23) f(i) ON ((r2+i)<100) OFFSET 0) s1;
+ r1 | r1 | r2 | i  
+----+----+----+----
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 21
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 22
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 23
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 21
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 22
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 23
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 21
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 22
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 23
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 22
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 23
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 22
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 23
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 22
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 23
+  3 |  3 | 10 | 23
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 23
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 23
+(18 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v1(r1),
+              LATERAL (SELECT r1, * FROM (VALUES (10),(20),(30)) v2(r2)
+                                         LEFT JOIN generate_series(r2,r2+3) f(i) ON ((r2+i)<100) OFFSET 0) s1;
+ r1 | r1 | r2 | i  
+----+----+----+----
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 10
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 11
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 12
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 13
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 20
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 21
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 22
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 23
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 30
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 31
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 32
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 33
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 10
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 11
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 12
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 13
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 20
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 21
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 22
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 23
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 30
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 31
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 32
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 33
+  3 |  3 | 10 | 10
+  3 |  3 | 10 | 11
+  3 |  3 | 10 | 12
+  3 |  3 | 10 | 13
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 20
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 21
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 22
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 23
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 30
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 31
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 32
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 33
+(36 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v1(r1),
+              LATERAL (SELECT r1, * FROM (VALUES (10),(20),(30)) v2(r2)
+                                         LEFT JOIN generate_series(r1,2+r2/5) f(i) ON ((r2+i)<100) OFFSET 0) s1;
+ r1 | r1 | r2 | i 
+----+----+----+---
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 1
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 2
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 3
+  1 |  1 | 10 | 4
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 1
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 2
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 3
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 4
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 5
+  1 |  1 | 20 | 6
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 1
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 2
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 3
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 4
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 5
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 6
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 7
+  1 |  1 | 30 | 8
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 2
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 3
+  2 |  2 | 10 | 4
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 2
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 3
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 4
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 5
+  2 |  2 | 20 | 6
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 2
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 3
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 4
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 5
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 6
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 7
+  2 |  2 | 30 | 8
+  3 |  3 | 10 | 3
+  3 |  3 | 10 | 4
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 3
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 4
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 5
+  3 |  3 | 20 | 6
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 3
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 4
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 5
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 6
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 7
+  3 |  3 | 30 | 8
+(45 rows)
+
+-- check handling of FULL JOIN with multiple lateral references (bug #15741)
+SELECT *
+FROM (VALUES (1),(2)) v1(r1)
+    LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
+        SELECT *
+        FROM generate_series(1, v1.r1) AS gs1
+        LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
+            SELECT *
+            FROM generate_series(1, gs1) AS gs2
+            LEFT JOIN generate_series(1, gs2) AS gs3 ON TRUE
+        ) AS ss1 ON TRUE
+        FULL JOIN generate_series(1, v1.r1) AS gs4 ON FALSE
+    ) AS ss0 ON TRUE;
+ r1 | gs1 | gs2 | gs3 | gs4 
+----+-----+-----+-----+-----
+  1 |     |     |     |   1
+  1 |   1 |   1 |   1 |    
+  2 |     |     |     |   1
+  2 |     |     |     |   2
+  2 |   1 |   1 |   1 |    
+  2 |   2 |   1 |   1 |    
+  2 |   2 |   2 |   1 |    
+  2 |   2 |   2 |   2 |    
+(8 rows)
+
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc_sql(int,int);
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc_mat(int,int);
+DROP SEQUENCE rngfunc_rescan_seq1;
+DROP SEQUENCE rngfunc_rescan_seq2;
+--
+-- Test cases involving OUT parameters
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION rngfunc(in f1 int, out f2 int)
+AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT rngfunc(42);
+ rngfunc 
+---------
+      43
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rngfunc(42);
+ f2 
+----
+ 43
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rngfunc(42) AS p(x);
+ x  
+----
+ 43
+(1 row)
+
+-- explicit spec of return type is OK
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc(in f1 int, out f2 int) RETURNS int
+AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql;
+-- error, wrong result type
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc(in f1 int, out f2 int) RETURNS float
+AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql;
+ERROR:  function result type must be integer because of OUT parameters
+-- with multiple OUT params you must get a RECORD result
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc(in f1 int, out f2 int, out f3 text) RETURNS int
+AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql;
+ERROR:  function result type must be record because of OUT parameters
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc(in f1 int, out f2 int, out f3 text)
+RETURNS record
+AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql;
+ERROR:  cannot change return type of existing function
+HINT:  Use DROP FUNCTION rngfunc(integer) first.
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfuncr(in f1 int, out f2 int, out text)
+AS $$select $1-1, $1::text || 'z'$$ LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT f1, rngfuncr(f1) FROM int4_tbl;
+     f1      |          rngfuncr          
+-------------+----------------------------
+           0 | (-1,0z)
+      123456 | (123455,123456z)
+     -123456 | (-123457,-123456z)
+  2147483647 | (2147483646,2147483647z)
+ -2147483647 | (-2147483648,-2147483647z)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM rngfuncr(42);
+ f2 | column2 
+----+---------
+ 41 | 42z
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rngfuncr(42) AS p(a,b);
+ a  |  b  
+----+-----
+ 41 | 42z
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfuncb(in f1 int, inout f2 int, out text)
+AS $$select $2-1, $1::text || 'z'$$ LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT f1, rngfuncb(f1, f1/2) FROM int4_tbl;
+     f1      |          rngfuncb          
+-------------+----------------------------
+           0 | (-1,0z)
+      123456 | (61727,123456z)
+     -123456 | (-61729,-123456z)
+  2147483647 | (1073741822,2147483647z)
+ -2147483647 | (-1073741824,-2147483647z)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM rngfuncb(42, 99);
+ f2 | column2 
+----+---------
+ 98 | 42z
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rngfuncb(42, 99) AS p(a,b);
+ a  |  b  
+----+-----
+ 98 | 42z
+(1 row)
+
+-- Can reference function with or without OUT params for DROP, etc
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc(int);
+DROP FUNCTION rngfuncr(in f2 int, out f1 int, out text);
+DROP FUNCTION rngfuncb(in f1 int, inout f2 int);
+--
+-- For my next trick, polymorphic OUT parameters
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (f1 anyelement, f2 out anyelement, f3 out anyarray)
+AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT dup(22);
+      dup       
+----------------
+ (22,"{22,22}")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT dup('xyz');	-- fails
+ERROR:  could not determine polymorphic type because input has type unknown
+SELECT dup('xyz'::text);
+        dup        
+-------------------
+ (xyz,"{xyz,xyz}")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM dup('xyz'::text);
+ f2  |    f3     
+-----+-----------
+ xyz | {xyz,xyz}
+(1 row)
+
+-- fails, as we are attempting to rename first argument
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION dup (inout f2 anyelement, out f3 anyarray)
+AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql;
+ERROR:  cannot change name of input parameter "f1"
+HINT:  Use DROP FUNCTION dup(anyelement) first.
+DROP FUNCTION dup(anyelement);
+-- equivalent behavior, though different name exposed for input arg
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION dup (inout f2 anyelement, out f3 anyarray)
+AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT dup(22);
+      dup       
+----------------
+ (22,"{22,22}")
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION dup(anyelement);
+-- fails, no way to deduce outputs
+CREATE FUNCTION bad (f1 int, out f2 anyelement, out f3 anyarray)
+AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyelement requires at least one input of type anyelement, anyarray, anynonarray, anyenum, anyrange, or anymultirange.
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (f1 anycompatible, f2 anycompatiblearray, f3 out anycompatible, f4 out anycompatiblearray)
+AS 'select $1, $2' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT dup(22, array[44]);
+    dup    
+-----------
+ (22,{44})
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT dup(4.5, array[44]);
+    dup     
+------------
+ (4.5,{44})
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT dup(22, array[44::bigint]);
+    dup    
+-----------
+ (22,{44})
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT *, pg_typeof(f3), pg_typeof(f4) FROM dup(22, array[44::bigint]);
+ f3 |  f4  | pg_typeof | pg_typeof 
+----+------+-----------+-----------
+ 22 | {44} | bigint    | bigint[]
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION dup(f1 anycompatible, f2 anycompatiblearray);
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (f1 anycompatiblerange, f2 out anycompatible, f3 out anycompatiblearray, f4 out anycompatiblerange)
+AS 'select lower($1), array[lower($1), upper($1)], $1' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT dup(int4range(4,7));
+         dup         
+---------------------
+ (4,"{4,7}","[4,7)")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT dup(numrange(4,7));
+         dup         
+---------------------
+ (4,"{4,7}","[4,7)")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT dup(textrange('aaa', 'bbb'));
+              dup              
+-------------------------------
+ (aaa,"{aaa,bbb}","[aaa,bbb)")
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION dup(f1 anycompatiblerange);
+-- fails, no way to deduce outputs
+CREATE FUNCTION bad (f1 anyarray, out f2 anycompatible, out f3 anycompatiblearray)
+AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatible requires at least one input of type anycompatible, anycompatiblearray, anycompatiblenonarray, anycompatiblerange, or anycompatiblemultirange.
+--
+-- table functions
+--
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc()
+RETURNS TABLE(a int)
+AS $$ SELECT a FROM generate_series(1,5) a(a) $$ LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT * FROM rngfunc();
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc();
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc(int)
+RETURNS TABLE(a int, b int)
+AS $$ SELECT a, b
+         FROM generate_series(1,$1) a(a),
+              generate_series(1,$1) b(b) $$ LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT * FROM rngfunc(3);
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+ 1 | 2
+ 1 | 3
+ 2 | 1
+ 2 | 2
+ 2 | 3
+ 3 | 1
+ 3 | 2
+ 3 | 3
+(9 rows)
+
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc(int);
+-- case that causes change of typmod knowledge during inlining
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc()
+RETURNS TABLE(a varchar(5))
+AS $$ SELECT 'hello'::varchar(5) $$ LANGUAGE sql STABLE;
+SELECT * FROM rngfunc() GROUP BY 1;
+   a   
+-------
+ hello
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc();
+--
+-- some tests on SQL functions with RETURNING
+--
+create temp table tt(f1 serial, data text);
+create function insert_tt(text) returns int as
+$$ insert into tt(data) values($1) returning f1 $$
+language sql;
+select insert_tt('foo');
+ insert_tt 
+-----------
+         1
+(1 row)
+
+select insert_tt('bar');
+ insert_tt 
+-----------
+         2
+(1 row)
+
+select * from tt;
+ f1 | data 
+----+------
+  1 | foo
+  2 | bar
+(2 rows)
+
+-- insert will execute to completion even if function needs just 1 row
+create or replace function insert_tt(text) returns int as
+$$ insert into tt(data) values($1),($1||$1) returning f1 $$
+language sql;
+select insert_tt('fool');
+ insert_tt 
+-----------
+         3
+(1 row)
+
+select * from tt;
+ f1 |   data   
+----+----------
+  1 | foo
+  2 | bar
+  3 | fool
+  4 | foolfool
+(4 rows)
+
+-- setof does what's expected
+create or replace function insert_tt2(text,text) returns setof int as
+$$ insert into tt(data) values($1),($2) returning f1 $$
+language sql;
+select insert_tt2('foolish','barrish');
+ insert_tt2 
+------------
+          5
+          6
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from insert_tt2('baz','quux');
+ insert_tt2 
+------------
+          7
+          8
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from tt;
+ f1 |   data   
+----+----------
+  1 | foo
+  2 | bar
+  3 | fool
+  4 | foolfool
+  5 | foolish
+  6 | barrish
+  7 | baz
+  8 | quux
+(8 rows)
+
+-- limit doesn't prevent execution to completion
+select insert_tt2('foolish','barrish') limit 1;
+ insert_tt2 
+------------
+          9
+(1 row)
+
+select * from tt;
+ f1 |   data   
+----+----------
+  1 | foo
+  2 | bar
+  3 | fool
+  4 | foolfool
+  5 | foolish
+  6 | barrish
+  7 | baz
+  8 | quux
+  9 | foolish
+ 10 | barrish
+(10 rows)
+
+-- triggers will fire, too
+create function noticetrigger() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'noticetrigger % %', new.f1, new.data;
+  return null;
+end $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger tnoticetrigger after insert on tt for each row
+execute procedure noticetrigger();
+select insert_tt2('foolme','barme') limit 1;
+NOTICE:  noticetrigger 11 foolme
+NOTICE:  noticetrigger 12 barme
+ insert_tt2 
+------------
+         11
+(1 row)
+
+select * from tt;
+ f1 |   data   
+----+----------
+  1 | foo
+  2 | bar
+  3 | fool
+  4 | foolfool
+  5 | foolish
+  6 | barrish
+  7 | baz
+  8 | quux
+  9 | foolish
+ 10 | barrish
+ 11 | foolme
+ 12 | barme
+(12 rows)
+
+-- and rules work
+create temp table tt_log(f1 int, data text);
+create rule insert_tt_rule as on insert to tt do also
+  insert into tt_log values(new.*);
+select insert_tt2('foollog','barlog') limit 1;
+NOTICE:  noticetrigger 13 foollog
+NOTICE:  noticetrigger 14 barlog
+ insert_tt2 
+------------
+         13
+(1 row)
+
+select * from tt;
+ f1 |   data   
+----+----------
+  1 | foo
+  2 | bar
+  3 | fool
+  4 | foolfool
+  5 | foolish
+  6 | barrish
+  7 | baz
+  8 | quux
+  9 | foolish
+ 10 | barrish
+ 11 | foolme
+ 12 | barme
+ 13 | foollog
+ 14 | barlog
+(14 rows)
+
+-- note that nextval() gets executed a second time in the rule expansion,
+-- which is expected.
+select * from tt_log;
+ f1 |  data   
+----+---------
+ 15 | foollog
+ 16 | barlog
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test case for a whole-row-variable bug
+create function rngfunc1(n integer, out a text, out b text)
+  returns setof record
+  language sql
+  as $$ select 'foo ' || i, 'bar ' || i from generate_series(1,$1) i $$;
+set work_mem='64kB';
+select t.a, t, t.a from rngfunc1(10000) t limit 1;
+   a   |         t         |   a   
+-------+-------------------+-------
+ foo 1 | ("foo 1","bar 1") | foo 1
+(1 row)
+
+reset work_mem;
+select t.a, t, t.a from rngfunc1(10000) t limit 1;
+   a   |         t         |   a   
+-------+-------------------+-------
+ foo 1 | ("foo 1","bar 1") | foo 1
+(1 row)
+
+drop function rngfunc1(n integer);
+-- test use of SQL functions returning record
+-- this is supported in some cases where the query doesn't specify
+-- the actual record type ...
+create function array_to_set(anyarray) returns setof record as $$
+  select i AS "index", $1[i] AS "value" from generate_subscripts($1, 1) i
+$$ language sql strict immutable;
+select array_to_set(array['one', 'two']);
+ array_to_set 
+--------------
+ (1,one)
+ (2,two)
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 int,f2 text);
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | one
+  2 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']); -- fail
+ERROR:  a column definition list is required for functions returning "record"
+LINE 1: select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']);
+                      ^
+-- after-the-fact coercion of the columns is now possible, too
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 numeric(4,2),f2 text);
+  f1  | f2  
+------+-----
+ 1.00 | one
+ 2.00 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+-- and if it doesn't work, you get a compile-time not run-time error
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 point,f2 text);
+ERROR:  return type mismatch in function declared to return record
+DETAIL:  Final statement returns integer instead of point at column 1.
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "array_to_set" during startup
+-- with "strict", this function can't be inlined in FROM
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 numeric(4,2),f2 text);
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on public.array_to_set t
+   Output: f1, f2
+   Function Call: array_to_set('{one,two}'::text[])
+(3 rows)
+
+-- but without, it can be:
+create or replace function array_to_set(anyarray) returns setof record as $$
+  select i AS "index", $1[i] AS "value" from generate_subscripts($1, 1) i
+$$ language sql immutable;
+select array_to_set(array['one', 'two']);
+ array_to_set 
+--------------
+ (1,one)
+ (2,two)
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 int,f2 text);
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | one
+  2 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 numeric(4,2),f2 text);
+  f1  | f2  
+------+-----
+ 1.00 | one
+ 2.00 | two
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 point,f2 text);
+ERROR:  return type mismatch in function declared to return record
+DETAIL:  Final statement returns integer instead of point at column 1.
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "array_to_set" during inlining
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 numeric(4,2),f2 text);
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on pg_catalog.generate_subscripts i
+   Output: i.i, ('{one,two}'::text[])[i.i]
+   Function Call: generate_subscripts('{one,two}'::text[], 1)
+(3 rows)
+
+create temp table rngfunc(f1 int8, f2 int8);
+create function testrngfunc() returns record as $$
+  insert into rngfunc values (1,2) returning *;
+$$ language sql;
+select testrngfunc();
+ testrngfunc 
+-------------
+ (1,2)
+(1 row)
+
+select * from testrngfunc() as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 |  2
+(1 row)
+
+select * from testrngfunc(); -- fail
+ERROR:  a column definition list is required for functions returning "record"
+LINE 1: select * from testrngfunc();
+                      ^
+drop function testrngfunc();
+create function testrngfunc() returns setof record as $$
+  insert into rngfunc values (1,2), (3,4) returning *;
+$$ language sql;
+select testrngfunc();
+ testrngfunc 
+-------------
+ (1,2)
+ (3,4)
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from testrngfunc() as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 |  2
+  3 |  4
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from testrngfunc(); -- fail
+ERROR:  a column definition list is required for functions returning "record"
+LINE 1: select * from testrngfunc();
+                      ^
+drop function testrngfunc();
+-- Check that typmod imposed by a composite type is honored
+create type rngfunc_type as (f1 numeric(35,6), f2 numeric(35,2));
+create function testrngfunc() returns rngfunc_type as $$
+  select 7.136178319899999964, 7.136178319899999964;
+$$ language sql immutable;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select testrngfunc();
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: '(7.136178,7.14)'::rngfunc_type
+(2 rows)
+
+select testrngfunc();
+   testrngfunc   
+-----------------
+ (7.136178,7.14)
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from testrngfunc();
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on testrngfunc
+   Output: f1, f2
+   Function Call: '(7.136178,7.14)'::rngfunc_type
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from testrngfunc();
+    f1    |  f2  
+----------+------
+ 7.136178 | 7.14
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function testrngfunc() returns rngfunc_type as $$
+  select 7.136178319899999964, 7.136178319899999964;
+$$ language sql volatile;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select testrngfunc();
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: testrngfunc()
+(2 rows)
+
+select testrngfunc();
+   testrngfunc   
+-----------------
+ (7.136178,7.14)
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from testrngfunc();
+             QUERY PLAN              
+-------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on public.testrngfunc
+   Output: f1, f2
+   Function Call: testrngfunc()
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from testrngfunc();
+    f1    |  f2  
+----------+------
+ 7.136178 | 7.14
+(1 row)
+
+drop function testrngfunc();
+create function testrngfunc() returns setof rngfunc_type as $$
+  select 7.136178319899999964, 7.136178319899999964;
+$$ language sql immutable;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select testrngfunc();
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ ProjectSet
+   Output: testrngfunc()
+   ->  Result
+(3 rows)
+
+select testrngfunc();
+   testrngfunc   
+-----------------
+ (7.136178,7.14)
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from testrngfunc();
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: 7.136178::numeric(35,6), 7.14::numeric(35,2)
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from testrngfunc();
+    f1    |  f2  
+----------+------
+ 7.136178 | 7.14
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function testrngfunc() returns setof rngfunc_type as $$
+  select 7.136178319899999964, 7.136178319899999964;
+$$ language sql volatile;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select testrngfunc();
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ ProjectSet
+   Output: testrngfunc()
+   ->  Result
+(3 rows)
+
+select testrngfunc();
+   testrngfunc   
+-----------------
+ (7.136178,7.14)
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from testrngfunc();
+             QUERY PLAN              
+-------------------------------------
+ Function Scan on public.testrngfunc
+   Output: f1, f2
+   Function Call: testrngfunc()
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from testrngfunc();
+    f1    |  f2  
+----------+------
+ 7.136178 | 7.14
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function testrngfunc() returns setof rngfunc_type as $$
+  select 1, 2 union select 3, 4 order by 1;
+$$ language sql immutable;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select testrngfunc();
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ ProjectSet
+   Output: testrngfunc()
+   ->  Result
+(3 rows)
+
+select testrngfunc();
+   testrngfunc   
+-----------------
+ (1.000000,2.00)
+ (3.000000,4.00)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from testrngfunc();
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on "*SELECT*"
+   Output: "*SELECT*"."?column?", "*SELECT*"."?column?_1"
+   ->  Unique
+         Output: (1), (2)
+         ->  Sort
+               Output: (1), (2)
+               Sort Key: (1), (2)
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Result
+                           Output: 1, 2
+                     ->  Result
+                           Output: 3, 4
+(12 rows)
+
+select * from testrngfunc();
+    f1    |  f2  
+----------+------
+ 1.000000 | 2.00
+ 3.000000 | 4.00
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Check a couple of error cases while we're here
+select * from testrngfunc() as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);  -- fail, composite result
+ERROR:  a column definition list is redundant for a function returning a named composite type
+LINE 1: select * from testrngfunc() as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);
+                                         ^
+select * from pg_get_keywords() as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);  -- fail, OUT params
+ERROR:  a column definition list is redundant for a function with OUT parameters
+LINE 1: select * from pg_get_keywords() as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);
+                                             ^
+select * from sin(3) as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);  -- fail, scalar result type
+ERROR:  a column definition list is only allowed for functions returning "record"
+LINE 1: select * from sin(3) as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);
+                                  ^
+drop type rngfunc_type cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to function testrngfunc()
+--
+-- Check some cases involving added/dropped columns in a rowtype result
+--
+create temp table users (userid text, seq int, email text, todrop bool, moredrop int, enabled bool);
+insert into users values ('id',1,'email',true,11,true);
+insert into users values ('id2',2,'email2',true,12,true);
+alter table users drop column todrop;
+create or replace function get_first_user() returns users as
+$$ SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY userid LIMIT 1; $$
+language sql stable;
+SELECT get_first_user();
+  get_first_user   
+-------------------
+ (id,1,email,11,t)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM get_first_user();
+ userid | seq | email | moredrop | enabled 
+--------+-----+-------+----------+---------
+ id     |   1 | email |       11 | t
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function get_users() returns setof users as
+$$ SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY userid; $$
+language sql stable;
+SELECT get_users();
+      get_users      
+---------------------
+ (id,1,email,11,t)
+ (id2,2,email2,12,t)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM get_users();
+ userid | seq | email  | moredrop | enabled 
+--------+-----+--------+----------+---------
+ id     |   1 | email  |       11 | t
+ id2    |   2 | email2 |       12 | t
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM get_users() WITH ORDINALITY;   -- make sure ordinality copes
+ userid | seq | email  | moredrop | enabled | ordinality 
+--------+-----+--------+----------+---------+------------
+ id     |   1 | email  |       11 | t       |          1
+ id2    |   2 | email2 |       12 | t       |          2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- multiple functions vs. dropped columns
+SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM(generate_series(10,11), get_users()) WITH ORDINALITY;
+ generate_series | userid | seq | email  | moredrop | enabled | ordinality 
+-----------------+--------+-----+--------+----------+---------+------------
+              10 | id     |   1 | email  |       11 | t       |          1
+              11 | id2    |   2 | email2 |       12 | t       |          2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM(get_users(), generate_series(10,11)) WITH ORDINALITY;
+ userid | seq | email  | moredrop | enabled | generate_series | ordinality 
+--------+-----+--------+----------+---------+-----------------+------------
+ id     |   1 | email  |       11 | t       |              10 |          1
+ id2    |   2 | email2 |       12 | t       |              11 |          2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- check that we can cope with post-parsing changes in rowtypes
+create temp view usersview as
+SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM(get_users(), generate_series(10,11)) WITH ORDINALITY;
+select * from usersview;
+ userid | seq | email  | moredrop | enabled | generate_series | ordinality 
+--------+-----+--------+----------+---------+-----------------+------------
+ id     |   1 | email  |       11 | t       |              10 |          1
+ id2    |   2 | email2 |       12 | t       |              11 |          2
+(2 rows)
+
+alter table users add column junk text;
+select * from usersview;
+ userid | seq | email  | moredrop | enabled | generate_series | ordinality 
+--------+-----+--------+----------+---------+-----------------+------------
+ id     |   1 | email  |       11 | t       |              10 |          1
+ id2    |   2 | email2 |       12 | t       |              11 |          2
+(2 rows)
+
+alter table users drop column moredrop;  -- fail, view has reference
+ERROR:  cannot drop column moredrop of table users because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  view usersview depends on column moredrop of table users
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- We used to have a bug that would allow the above to succeed, posing
+-- hazards for later execution of the view.  Check that the internal
+-- defenses for those hazards haven't bit-rotted, in case some other
+-- bug with similar symptoms emerges.
+begin;
+-- destroy the dependency entry that prevents the DROP:
+delete from pg_depend where
+  objid = (select oid from pg_rewrite
+           where ev_class = 'usersview'::regclass and rulename = '_RETURN')
+  and refobjsubid = 5
+returning pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+          pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as ref,
+          deptype;
+              obj               |              ref               | deptype 
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------
+ rule _RETURN on view usersview | column moredrop of table users | n
+(1 row)
+
+alter table users drop column moredrop;
+select * from usersview;  -- expect clean failure
+ERROR:  attribute 5 of type record has been dropped
+rollback;
+alter table users alter column seq type numeric;  -- fail, view has reference
+ERROR:  cannot alter type of a column used by a view or rule
+DETAIL:  rule _RETURN on view usersview depends on column "seq"
+-- likewise, check we don't crash if the dependency goes wrong
+begin;
+-- destroy the dependency entry that prevents the ALTER:
+delete from pg_depend where
+  objid = (select oid from pg_rewrite
+           where ev_class = 'usersview'::regclass and rulename = '_RETURN')
+  and refobjsubid = 2
+returning pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+          pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as ref,
+          deptype;
+              obj               |            ref            | deptype 
+--------------------------------+---------------------------+---------
+ rule _RETURN on view usersview | column seq of table users | n
+(1 row)
+
+alter table users alter column seq type numeric;
+select * from usersview;  -- expect clean failure
+ERROR:  attribute 2 of type record has wrong type
+DETAIL:  Table has type numeric, but query expects integer.
+rollback;
+drop view usersview;
+drop function get_first_user();
+drop function get_users();
+drop table users;
+-- check behavior with type coercion required for a set-op
+create or replace function rngfuncbar() returns setof text as
+$$ select 'foo'::varchar union all select 'bar'::varchar ; $$
+language sql stable;
+select rngfuncbar();
+ rngfuncbar 
+------------
+ foo
+ bar
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from rngfuncbar();
+ rngfuncbar 
+------------
+ foo
+ bar
+(2 rows)
+
+-- this function is now inlinable, too:
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from rngfuncbar();
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: ('foo'::character varying)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Result
+               Output: 'foo'::character varying
+         ->  Result
+               Output: 'bar'::character varying
+(7 rows)
+
+drop function rngfuncbar();
+-- check handling of a SQL function with multiple OUT params (bug #5777)
+create or replace function rngfuncbar(out integer, out numeric) as
+$$ select (1, 2.1) $$ language sql;
+select * from rngfuncbar();
+ column1 | column2 
+---------+---------
+       1 |     2.1
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace function rngfuncbar(out integer, out numeric) as
+$$ select (1, 2) $$ language sql;
+select * from rngfuncbar();  -- fail
+ERROR:  function return row and query-specified return row do not match
+DETAIL:  Returned type integer at ordinal position 2, but query expects numeric.
+create or replace function rngfuncbar(out integer, out numeric) as
+$$ select (1, 2.1, 3) $$ language sql;
+select * from rngfuncbar();  -- fail
+ERROR:  function return row and query-specified return row do not match
+DETAIL:  Returned row contains 3 attributes, but query expects 2.
+drop function rngfuncbar();
+-- check whole-row-Var handling in nested lateral functions (bug #11703)
+create function extractq2(t int8_tbl) returns int8 as $$
+  select t.q2
+$$ language sql immutable;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2(int8_tbl) f(x);
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: f.x
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl
+         Output: int8_tbl.q1, int8_tbl.q2
+   ->  Function Scan on f
+         Output: f.x
+         Function Call: int8_tbl.q2
+(7 rows)
+
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2(int8_tbl) f(x);
+         x         
+-------------------
+               456
+  4567890123456789
+               123
+  4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+create function extractq2_2(t int8_tbl) returns table(ret1 int8) as $$
+  select extractq2(t) offset 0
+$$ language sql immutable;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2_2(int8_tbl) f(x);
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: ((int8_tbl.*).q2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl
+         Output: int8_tbl.*
+   ->  Result
+         Output: (int8_tbl.*).q2
+(6 rows)
+
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2_2(int8_tbl) f(x);
+         x         
+-------------------
+               456
+  4567890123456789
+               123
+  4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+-- without the "offset 0", this function gets optimized quite differently
+create function extractq2_2_opt(t int8_tbl) returns table(ret1 int8) as $$
+  select extractq2(t)
+$$ language sql immutable;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2_2_opt(int8_tbl) f(x);
+         QUERY PLAN          
+-----------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl
+   Output: int8_tbl.q2
+(2 rows)
+
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2_2_opt(int8_tbl) f(x);
+         x         
+-------------------
+               456
+  4567890123456789
+               123
+  4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check handling of nulls in SRF results (bug #7808)
+create type rngfunc2 as (a integer, b text);
+select *, row_to_json(u) from unnest(array[(1,'foo')::rngfunc2, null::rngfunc2]) u;
+ a |  b  |     row_to_json     
+---+-----+---------------------
+ 1 | foo | {"a":1,"b":"foo"}
+   |     | {"a":null,"b":null}
+(2 rows)
+
+select *, row_to_json(u) from unnest(array[null::rngfunc2, null::rngfunc2]) u;
+ a | b |     row_to_json     
+---+---+---------------------
+   |   | {"a":null,"b":null}
+   |   | {"a":null,"b":null}
+(2 rows)
+
+select *, row_to_json(u) from unnest(array[null::rngfunc2, (1,'foo')::rngfunc2, null::rngfunc2]) u;
+ a |  b  |     row_to_json     
+---+-----+---------------------
+   |     | {"a":null,"b":null}
+ 1 | foo | {"a":1,"b":"foo"}
+   |     | {"a":null,"b":null}
+(3 rows)
+
+select *, row_to_json(u) from unnest(array[]::rngfunc2[]) u;
+ a | b | row_to_json 
+---+---+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+drop type rngfunc2;
+-- check handling of functions pulled up into function RTEs (bug #17227)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select jsonb_path_query_array(module->'lectures', '$[*]') as lecture
+   from unnest(array['{"lectures": [{"id": "1"}]}'::jsonb])
+        as unnested_modules(module)) as ss,
+  jsonb_to_recordset(ss.lecture) as j (id text);
+                                                                       QUERY PLAN                                                                       
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: jsonb_path_query_array((unnested_modules.module -> 'lectures'::text), '$[*]'::jsonpath, '{}'::jsonb, false), j.id
+   ->  Function Scan on pg_catalog.unnest unnested_modules
+         Output: unnested_modules.module
+         Function Call: unnest('{"{\"lectures\": [{\"id\": \"1\"}]}"}'::jsonb[])
+   ->  Function Scan on pg_catalog.jsonb_to_recordset j
+         Output: j.id
+         Function Call: jsonb_to_recordset(jsonb_path_query_array((unnested_modules.module -> 'lectures'::text), '$[*]'::jsonpath, '{}'::jsonb, false))
+(8 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select jsonb_path_query_array(module->'lectures', '$[*]') as lecture
+   from unnest(array['{"lectures": [{"id": "1"}]}'::jsonb])
+        as unnested_modules(module)) as ss,
+  jsonb_to_recordset(ss.lecture) as j (id text);
+    lecture    | id 
+---------------+----
+ [{"id": "1"}] | 1
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rangetypes.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rangetypes.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04ccd5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rangetypes.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1769 @@
+-- Tests for range data types.
+--
+-- test input parser
+-- (type textrange was already made in test_setup.sql)
+--
+-- negative tests; should fail
+select ''::textrange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: ""
+LINE 1: select ''::textrange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Missing left parenthesis or bracket.
+select '-[a,z)'::textrange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: "-[a,z)"
+LINE 1: select '-[a,z)'::textrange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Missing left parenthesis or bracket.
+select '[a,z) - '::textrange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: "[a,z) - "
+LINE 1: select '[a,z) - '::textrange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Junk after right parenthesis or bracket.
+select '(",a)'::textrange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: "(",a)"
+LINE 1: select '(",a)'::textrange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Unexpected end of input.
+select '(,,a)'::textrange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: "(,,a)"
+LINE 1: select '(,,a)'::textrange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Too many commas.
+select '(),a)'::textrange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: "(),a)"
+LINE 1: select '(),a)'::textrange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Missing comma after lower bound.
+select '(a,))'::textrange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: "(a,))"
+LINE 1: select '(a,))'::textrange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Junk after right parenthesis or bracket.
+select '(],a)'::textrange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: "(],a)"
+LINE 1: select '(],a)'::textrange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Missing comma after lower bound.
+select '(a,])'::textrange;
+ERROR:  malformed range literal: "(a,])"
+LINE 1: select '(a,])'::textrange;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Junk after right parenthesis or bracket.
+select '[z,a]'::textrange;
+ERROR:  range lower bound must be less than or equal to range upper bound
+LINE 1: select '[z,a]'::textrange;
+               ^
+-- should succeed
+select '  empty  '::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select ' ( empty, empty )  '::textrange;
+      textrange       
+----------------------
+ (" empty"," empty ")
+(1 row)
+
+select ' ( " a " " a ", " z " " z " )  '::textrange;
+        textrange         
+--------------------------
+ ("  a   a ","  z   z  ")
+(1 row)
+
+select '(a,)'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ (a,)
+(1 row)
+
+select '[,z]'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ (,z]
+(1 row)
+
+select '[a,]'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ [a,)
+(1 row)
+
+select '(,)'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ (,)
+(1 row)
+
+select '[ , ]'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ [" "," "]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["",""]'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ ["",""]
+(1 row)
+
+select '[",",","]'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ [",",","]
+(1 row)
+
+select '["\\","\\"]'::textrange;
+  textrange  
+-------------
+ ["\\","\\"]
+(1 row)
+
+select '(\\,a)'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ ("\\",a)
+(1 row)
+
+select '((,z)'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ ("(",z)
+(1 row)
+
+select '([,z)'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ ("[",z)
+(1 row)
+
+select '(!,()'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ (!,"(")
+(1 row)
+
+select '(!,[)'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ (!,"[")
+(1 row)
+
+select '[a,a]'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ [a,a]
+(1 row)
+
+-- these are allowed but normalize to empty:
+select '[a,a)'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select '(a,a]'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select '(a,a)'::textrange;
+ textrange 
+-----------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- create some test data and test the operators
+--
+CREATE TABLE numrange_test (nr NUMRANGE);
+create index numrange_test_btree on numrange_test(nr);
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES('[,)');
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES('[3,]');
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES('[, 5)');
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES(numrange(1.1, 2.2));
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES('empty');
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES(numrange(1.7, 1.7, '[]'));
+SELECT nr, isempty(nr), lower(nr), upper(nr) FROM numrange_test;
+    nr     | isempty | lower | upper 
+-----------+---------+-------+-------
+ (,)       | f       |       |      
+ [3,)      | f       |     3 |      
+ (,5)      | f       |       |     5
+ [1.1,2.2) | f       |   1.1 |   2.2
+ empty     | t       |       |      
+ [1.7,1.7] | f       |   1.7 |   1.7
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT nr, lower_inc(nr), lower_inf(nr), upper_inc(nr), upper_inf(nr) FROM numrange_test;
+    nr     | lower_inc | lower_inf | upper_inc | upper_inf 
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+ (,)       | f         | t         | f         | t
+ [3,)      | t         | f         | f         | t
+ (,5)      | f         | t         | f         | f
+ [1.1,2.2) | t         | f         | f         | f
+ empty     | f         | f         | f         | f
+ [1.7,1.7] | t         | f         | t         | f
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM numrange_test WHERE range_contains(nr, numrange(1.9,1.91));
+    nr     
+-----------
+ (,)
+ (,5)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM numrange_test WHERE nr @> numrange(1.0,10000.1);
+ nr  
+-----
+ (,)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM numrange_test WHERE range_contained_by(numrange(-1e7,-10000.1), nr);
+  nr  
+------
+ (,)
+ (,5)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM numrange_test WHERE 1.9 <@ nr;
+    nr     
+-----------
+ (,)
+ (,5)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr = 'empty';
+  nr   
+-------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr = '(1.1, 2.2)';
+ nr 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr = '[1.1, 2.2)';
+    nr     
+-----------
+ [1.1,2.2)
+(1 row)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr < 'empty';
+ nr 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr < numrange(-1000.0, -1000.0,'[]');
+  nr   
+-------
+ (,)
+ (,5)
+ empty
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr < numrange(0.0, 1.0,'[]');
+  nr   
+-------
+ (,)
+ (,5)
+ empty
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr < numrange(1000.0, 1001.0,'[]');
+    nr     
+-----------
+ (,)
+ [3,)
+ (,5)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+ empty
+ [1.7,1.7]
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr <= 'empty';
+  nr   
+-------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr >= 'empty';
+    nr     
+-----------
+ (,)
+ [3,)
+ (,5)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+ empty
+ [1.7,1.7]
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr > 'empty';
+    nr     
+-----------
+ (,)
+ [3,)
+ (,5)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+ [1.7,1.7]
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr > numrange(-1001.0, -1000.0,'[]');
+    nr     
+-----------
+ [3,)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+ [1.7,1.7]
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr > numrange(0.0, 1.0,'[]');
+    nr     
+-----------
+ [3,)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+ [1.7,1.7]
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr > numrange(1000.0, 1000.0,'[]');
+ nr 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+select numrange(2.0, 1.0);
+ERROR:  range lower bound must be less than or equal to range upper bound
+select numrange(2.0, 3.0) -|- numrange(3.0, 4.0);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select range_adjacent(numrange(2.0, 3.0), numrange(3.1, 4.0));
+ range_adjacent 
+----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select range_adjacent(numrange(2.0, 3.0), numrange(3.1, null));
+ range_adjacent 
+----------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(2.0, 3.0, '[]') -|- numrange(3.0, 4.0, '()');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) -|- numrange(2.0, 3.0,'[]');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select range_adjacent(numrange(2.0, 3.0, '(]'), numrange(1.0, 2.0, '(]'));
+ range_adjacent 
+----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.1, 3.3) <@ numrange(0.1,10.1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(0.1, 10.1) <@ numrange(1.1,3.3);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.1, 2.2) - numrange(2.0, 3.0);
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [1.1,2.0)
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.1, 2.2) - numrange(2.2, 3.0);
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [1.1,2.2)
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.1, 2.2,'[]') - numrange(2.0, 3.0);
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [1.1,2.0)
+(1 row)
+
+select range_minus(numrange(10.1,12.2,'[]'), numrange(110.0,120.2,'(]'));
+ range_minus 
+-------------
+ [10.1,12.2]
+(1 row)
+
+select range_minus(numrange(10.1,12.2,'[]'), numrange(0.0,120.2,'(]'));
+ range_minus 
+-------------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(4.5, 5.5, '[]') && numrange(5.5, 6.5);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) << numrange(3.0, 4.0);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.0, 3.0,'[]') << numrange(3.0, 4.0,'[]');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.0, 3.0,'()') << numrange(3.0, 4.0,'()');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) >> numrange(3.0, 4.0);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(3.0, 70.0) &< numrange(6.6, 100.0);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.1, 2.2) < numrange(1.0, 200.2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.1, 2.2) < numrange(1.1, 1.2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) + numrange(2.0, 3.0);
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [1.0,3.0)
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) + numrange(1.5, 3.0);
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [1.0,3.0)
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) + numrange(2.5, 3.0); -- should fail
+ERROR:  result of range union would not be contiguous
+select range_merge(numrange(1.0, 2.0), numrange(2.0, 3.0));
+ range_merge 
+-------------
+ [1.0,3.0)
+(1 row)
+
+select range_merge(numrange(1.0, 2.0), numrange(1.5, 3.0));
+ range_merge 
+-------------
+ [1.0,3.0)
+(1 row)
+
+select range_merge(numrange(1.0, 2.0), numrange(2.5, 3.0)); -- shouldn't fail
+ range_merge 
+-------------
+ [1.0,3.0)
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) * numrange(2.0, 3.0);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) * numrange(1.5, 3.0);
+ ?column?  
+-----------
+ [1.5,2.0)
+(1 row)
+
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) * numrange(2.5, 3.0);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select range_intersect_agg(nr) from numrange_test;
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select range_intersect_agg(nr) from numrange_test where false;
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select range_intersect_agg(nr) from numrange_test where nr @> 4.0;
+ range_intersect_agg 
+---------------------
+ [3,5)
+(1 row)
+
+analyze numrange_test;
+create table numrange_test2(nr numrange);
+create index numrange_test2_hash_idx on numrange_test2 using hash (nr);
+INSERT INTO numrange_test2 VALUES('[, 5)');
+INSERT INTO numrange_test2 VALUES(numrange(1.1, 2.2));
+INSERT INTO numrange_test2 VALUES(numrange(1.1, 2.2));
+INSERT INTO numrange_test2 VALUES(numrange(1.1, 2.2,'()'));
+INSERT INTO numrange_test2 VALUES('empty');
+select * from numrange_test2 where nr = 'empty'::numrange;
+  nr   
+-------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select * from numrange_test2 where nr = numrange(1.1, 2.2);
+    nr     
+-----------
+ [1.1,2.2)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from numrange_test2 where nr = numrange(1.1, 2.3);
+ nr 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+set enable_nestloop=t;
+set enable_hashjoin=f;
+set enable_mergejoin=f;
+select * from numrange_test natural join numrange_test2 order by nr;
+    nr     
+-----------
+ empty
+ (,5)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+(4 rows)
+
+set enable_nestloop=f;
+set enable_hashjoin=t;
+set enable_mergejoin=f;
+select * from numrange_test natural join numrange_test2 order by nr;
+    nr     
+-----------
+ empty
+ (,5)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+(4 rows)
+
+set enable_nestloop=f;
+set enable_hashjoin=f;
+set enable_mergejoin=t;
+select * from numrange_test natural join numrange_test2 order by nr;
+    nr     
+-----------
+ empty
+ (,5)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+ [1.1,2.2)
+(4 rows)
+
+set enable_nestloop to default;
+set enable_hashjoin to default;
+set enable_mergejoin to default;
+-- keep numrange_test around to help exercise dump/reload
+DROP TABLE numrange_test2;
+--
+-- Apply a subset of the above tests on a collatable type, too
+--
+CREATE TABLE textrange_test (tr textrange);
+create index textrange_test_btree on textrange_test(tr);
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES('[,)');
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES('["a",]');
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES('[,"q")');
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES(textrange('b', 'g'));
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES('empty');
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES(textrange('d', 'd', '[]'));
+SELECT tr, isempty(tr), lower(tr), upper(tr) FROM textrange_test;
+  tr   | isempty | lower | upper 
+-------+---------+-------+-------
+ (,)   | f       |       | 
+ [a,)  | f       | a     | 
+ (,q)  | f       |       | q
+ [b,g) | f       | b     | g
+ empty | t       |       | 
+ [d,d] | f       | d     | d
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT tr, lower_inc(tr), lower_inf(tr), upper_inc(tr), upper_inf(tr) FROM textrange_test;
+  tr   | lower_inc | lower_inf | upper_inc | upper_inf 
+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+ (,)   | f         | t         | f         | t
+ [a,)  | t         | f         | f         | t
+ (,q)  | f         | t         | f         | f
+ [b,g) | t         | f         | f         | f
+ empty | f         | f         | f         | f
+ [d,d] | t         | f         | t         | f
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM textrange_test WHERE range_contains(tr, textrange('f', 'fx'));
+  tr   
+-------
+ (,)
+ [a,)
+ (,q)
+ [b,g)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM textrange_test WHERE tr @> textrange('a', 'z');
+  tr  
+------
+ (,)
+ [a,)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM textrange_test WHERE range_contained_by(textrange('0','9'), tr);
+  tr  
+------
+ (,)
+ (,q)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM textrange_test WHERE 'e'::text <@ tr;
+  tr   
+-------
+ (,)
+ [a,)
+ (,q)
+ [b,g)
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from textrange_test where tr = 'empty';
+  tr   
+-------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select * from textrange_test where tr = '("b","g")';
+ tr 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from textrange_test where tr = '["b","g")';
+  tr   
+-------
+ [b,g)
+(1 row)
+
+select * from textrange_test where tr < 'empty';
+ tr 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- test canonical form for int4range
+select int4range(1, 10, '[]');
+ int4range 
+-----------
+ [1,11)
+(1 row)
+
+select int4range(1, 10, '[)');
+ int4range 
+-----------
+ [1,10)
+(1 row)
+
+select int4range(1, 10, '(]');
+ int4range 
+-----------
+ [2,11)
+(1 row)
+
+select int4range(1, 10, '()');
+ int4range 
+-----------
+ [2,10)
+(1 row)
+
+select int4range(1, 2, '()');
+ int4range 
+-----------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+-- test canonical form for daterange
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-20'::date, '[]');
+        daterange        
+-------------------------
+ [01-10-2000,01-21-2000)
+(1 row)
+
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-20'::date, '[)');
+        daterange        
+-------------------------
+ [01-10-2000,01-20-2000)
+(1 row)
+
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-20'::date, '(]');
+        daterange        
+-------------------------
+ [01-11-2000,01-21-2000)
+(1 row)
+
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-20'::date, '()');
+        daterange        
+-------------------------
+ [01-11-2000,01-20-2000)
+(1 row)
+
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-11'::date, '()');
+ daterange 
+-----------
+ empty
+(1 row)
+
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-11'::date, '(]');
+        daterange        
+-------------------------
+ [01-11-2000,01-12-2000)
+(1 row)
+
+select daterange('-infinity'::date, '2000-01-01'::date, '()');
+       daterange        
+------------------------
+ (-infinity,01-01-2000)
+(1 row)
+
+select daterange('-infinity'::date, '2000-01-01'::date, '[)');
+       daterange        
+------------------------
+ [-infinity,01-01-2000)
+(1 row)
+
+select daterange('2000-01-01'::date, 'infinity'::date, '[)');
+       daterange       
+-----------------------
+ [01-01-2000,infinity)
+(1 row)
+
+select daterange('2000-01-01'::date, 'infinity'::date, '[]');
+       daterange       
+-----------------------
+ [01-01-2000,infinity]
+(1 row)
+
+-- test GiST index that's been built incrementally
+create table test_range_gist(ir int4range);
+create index test_range_gist_idx on test_range_gist using gist (ir);
+insert into test_range_gist select int4range(g, g+10) from generate_series(1,2000) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select 'empty'::int4range from generate_series(1,500) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select int4range(g, g+10000) from generate_series(1,1000) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select 'empty'::int4range from generate_series(1,500) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select int4range(NULL,g*10,'(]') from generate_series(1,100) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select int4range(g*10,NULL,'(]') from generate_series(1,100) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select int4range(g, g+10) from generate_series(1,2000) g;
+-- test statistics and selectivity estimation as well
+--
+-- We don't check the accuracy of selectivity estimation, but at least check
+-- it doesn't fall.
+analyze test_range_gist;
+-- first, verify non-indexed results
+SET enable_seqscan    = t;
+SET enable_indexscan  = f;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+  6200
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 10;
+ count 
+-------
+   130
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   111
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+ count 
+-------
+  1062
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+   189
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  3554
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  1029
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  4794
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  6200
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40));
+ count 
+-------
+   107
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+   271
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ '{(10,30),(40,60),(70,90)}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  1060
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+   189
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  3554
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  1029
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  4794
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+-- now check same queries using index
+SET enable_seqscan    = f;
+SET enable_indexscan  = t;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+  6200
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 10;
+ count 
+-------
+   130
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   111
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+ count 
+-------
+  1062
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+   189
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  3554
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  1029
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  4794
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  6200
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40));
+ count 
+-------
+   107
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+   271
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ '{(10,30),(40,60),(70,90)}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  1060
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+   189
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  3554
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  1029
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  4794
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+-- now check same queries using a bulk-loaded index
+drop index test_range_gist_idx;
+create index test_range_gist_idx on test_range_gist using gist (ir);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+  6200
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 10;
+ count 
+-------
+   130
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   111
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+ count 
+-------
+  1062
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+   189
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  3554
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  1029
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  4794
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  6200
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40));
+ count 
+-------
+   107
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+   271
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ '{(10,30),(40,60),(70,90)}'::int4multirange;
+ count 
+-------
+  1060
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+   189
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  3554
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  1029
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+  4794
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+-- test SP-GiST index that's been built incrementally
+create table test_range_spgist(ir int4range);
+create index test_range_spgist_idx on test_range_spgist using spgist (ir);
+insert into test_range_spgist select int4range(g, g+10) from generate_series(1,2000) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select 'empty'::int4range from generate_series(1,500) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select int4range(g, g+10000) from generate_series(1,1000) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select 'empty'::int4range from generate_series(1,500) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select int4range(NULL,g*10,'(]') from generate_series(1,100) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select int4range(g*10,NULL,'(]') from generate_series(1,100) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select int4range(g, g+10) from generate_series(1,2000) g;
+-- first, verify non-indexed results
+SET enable_seqscan    = t;
+SET enable_indexscan  = f;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+  6200
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 10;
+ count 
+-------
+   130
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   111
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+ count 
+-------
+  1062
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+   189
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  3554
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  1029
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  4794
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+-- now check same queries using index
+SET enable_seqscan    = f;
+SET enable_indexscan  = t;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+  6200
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 10;
+ count 
+-------
+   130
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   111
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+ count 
+-------
+  1062
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+   189
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  3554
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  1029
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  4794
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+-- now check same queries using a bulk-loaded index
+drop index test_range_spgist_idx;
+create index test_range_spgist_idx on test_range_spgist using spgist (ir);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+ count 
+-------
+  6200
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 10;
+ count 
+-------
+   130
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   111
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+ count 
+-------
+  1062
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+   189
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  3554
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  1029
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+  4794
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+-- test index-only scans
+explain (costs off)
+select ir from test_range_spgist where ir -|- int4range(10,20) order by ir;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: ir
+   ->  Index Only Scan using test_range_spgist_idx on test_range_spgist
+         Index Cond: (ir -|- '[10,20)'::int4range)
+(4 rows)
+
+select ir from test_range_spgist where ir -|- int4range(10,20) order by ir;
+     ir     
+------------
+ [20,30)
+ [20,30)
+ [20,10020)
+(3 rows)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+-- test elem <@ range operator
+create table test_range_elem(i int4);
+create index test_range_elem_idx on test_range_elem (i);
+insert into test_range_elem select i from generate_series(1,100) i;
+SET enable_seqscan    = f;
+select count(*) from test_range_elem where i <@ int4range(10,50);
+ count 
+-------
+    40
+(1 row)
+
+-- also test spgist index on anyrange expression
+create index on test_range_elem using spgist(int4range(i,i+10));
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from test_range_elem where int4range(i,i+10) <@ int4range(10,30);
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Scan using test_range_elem_int4range_idx on test_range_elem
+         Index Cond: (int4range(i, (i + 10)) <@ '[10,30)'::int4range)
+(3 rows)
+
+select count(*) from test_range_elem where int4range(i,i+10) <@ int4range(10,30);
+ count 
+-------
+    11
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+drop table test_range_elem;
+--
+-- Btree_gist is not included by default, so to test exclusion
+-- constraints with range types, use singleton int ranges for the "="
+-- portion of the constraint.
+--
+create table test_range_excl(
+  room int4range,
+  speaker int4range,
+  during tsrange,
+  exclude using gist (room with =, during with &&),
+  exclude using gist (speaker with =, during with &&)
+);
+insert into test_range_excl
+  values(int4range(123, 123, '[]'), int4range(1, 1, '[]'), '[2010-01-02 10:00, 2010-01-02 11:00)');
+insert into test_range_excl
+  values(int4range(123, 123, '[]'), int4range(2, 2, '[]'), '[2010-01-02 11:00, 2010-01-02 12:00)');
+insert into test_range_excl
+  values(int4range(123, 123, '[]'), int4range(3, 3, '[]'), '[2010-01-02 10:10, 2010-01-02 11:00)');
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "test_range_excl_room_during_excl"
+DETAIL:  Key (room, during)=([123,124), ["Sat Jan 02 10:10:00 2010","Sat Jan 02 11:00:00 2010")) conflicts with existing key (room, during)=([123,124), ["Sat Jan 02 10:00:00 2010","Sat Jan 02 11:00:00 2010")).
+insert into test_range_excl
+  values(int4range(124, 124, '[]'), int4range(3, 3, '[]'), '[2010-01-02 10:10, 2010-01-02 11:10)');
+insert into test_range_excl
+  values(int4range(125, 125, '[]'), int4range(1, 1, '[]'), '[2010-01-02 10:10, 2010-01-02 11:00)');
+ERROR:  conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "test_range_excl_speaker_during_excl"
+DETAIL:  Key (speaker, during)=([1,2), ["Sat Jan 02 10:10:00 2010","Sat Jan 02 11:00:00 2010")) conflicts with existing key (speaker, during)=([1,2), ["Sat Jan 02 10:00:00 2010","Sat Jan 02 11:00:00 2010")).
+-- test bigint ranges
+select int8range(10000000000::int8, 20000000000::int8,'(]');
+         int8range         
+---------------------------
+ [10000000001,20000000001)
+(1 row)
+
+-- test tstz ranges
+set timezone to '-08';
+select '[2010-01-01 01:00:00 -05, 2010-01-01 02:00:00 -08)'::tstzrange;
+                            tstzrange                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ ["Thu Dec 31 22:00:00 2009 -08","Fri Jan 01 02:00:00 2010 -08")
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+select '[2010-01-01 01:00:00 -08, 2010-01-01 02:00:00 -05)'::tstzrange;
+ERROR:  range lower bound must be less than or equal to range upper bound
+LINE 1: select '[2010-01-01 01:00:00 -08, 2010-01-01 02:00:00 -05)':...
+               ^
+set timezone to default;
+--
+-- Test user-defined range of floats
+-- (type float8range was already made in test_setup.sql)
+--
+--should fail
+create type bogus_float8range as range (subtype=float8, subtype_diff=float4mi);
+ERROR:  function float4mi(double precision, double precision) does not exist
+select '[123.001, 5.e9)'::float8range @> 888.882::float8;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+create table float8range_test(f8r float8range, i int);
+insert into float8range_test values(float8range(-100.00007, '1.111113e9'), 42);
+select * from float8range_test;
+           f8r           | i  
+-------------------------+----
+ [-100.00007,1111113000) | 42
+(1 row)
+
+drop table float8range_test;
+--
+-- Test range types over domains
+--
+create domain mydomain as int4;
+create type mydomainrange as range(subtype=mydomain);
+select '[4,50)'::mydomainrange @> 7::mydomain;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+drop domain mydomain;  -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop type mydomain because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  type mydomainrange depends on type mydomain
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+drop domain mydomain cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to type mydomainrange
+--
+-- Test domains over range types
+--
+create domain restrictedrange as int4range check (upper(value) < 10);
+select '[4,5)'::restrictedrange @> 7;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select '[4,50)'::restrictedrange @> 7; -- should fail
+ERROR:  value for domain restrictedrange violates check constraint "restrictedrange_check"
+drop domain restrictedrange;
+--
+-- Test multiple range types over the same subtype
+--
+create type textrange1 as range(subtype=text, collation="C");
+create type textrange2 as range(subtype=text, collation="C");
+select textrange1('a','Z') @> 'b'::text;
+ERROR:  range lower bound must be less than or equal to range upper bound
+select textrange2('a','z') @> 'b'::text;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+drop type textrange1;
+drop type textrange2;
+--
+-- Test polymorphic type system
+--
+create function anyarray_anyrange_func(a anyarray, r anyrange)
+  returns anyelement as 'select $1[1] + lower($2);' language sql;
+select anyarray_anyrange_func(ARRAY[1,2], int4range(10,20));
+ anyarray_anyrange_func 
+------------------------
+                     11
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+select anyarray_anyrange_func(ARRAY[1,2], numrange(10,20));
+ERROR:  function anyarray_anyrange_func(integer[], numrange) does not exist
+LINE 1: select anyarray_anyrange_func(ARRAY[1,2], numrange(10,20));
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anyarray_anyrange_func(anyarray, anyrange);
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(anyelement)
+  returns anyrange as 'select int4range(1,10)' language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyrange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(int)
+  returns anyrange as 'select int4range(1,10)' language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyrange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
+create function range_add_bounds(anyrange)
+  returns anyelement as 'select lower($1) + upper($1)' language sql;
+select range_add_bounds(int4range(1, 17));
+ range_add_bounds 
+------------------
+               18
+(1 row)
+
+select range_add_bounds(numrange(1.0001, 123.123));
+ range_add_bounds 
+------------------
+         124.1231
+(1 row)
+
+create function rangetypes_sql(q anyrange, b anyarray, out c anyelement)
+  as $$ select upper($1) + $2[1] $$
+  language sql;
+select rangetypes_sql(int4range(1,10), ARRAY[2,20]);
+ rangetypes_sql 
+----------------
+             12
+(1 row)
+
+select rangetypes_sql(numrange(1,10), ARRAY[2,20]);  -- match failure
+ERROR:  function rangetypes_sql(numrange, integer[]) does not exist
+LINE 1: select rangetypes_sql(numrange(1,10), ARRAY[2,20]);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+create function anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(a anycompatiblearray, r anycompatiblerange)
+  returns anycompatible as 'select $1[1] + lower($2);' language sql;
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(ARRAY[1,2], int4range(10,20));
+ anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func 
+--------------------------------------------
+                                         11
+(1 row)
+
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(ARRAY[1,2], numrange(10,20));
+ anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func 
+--------------------------------------------
+                                         11
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(ARRAY[1.1,2], int4range(10,20));
+ERROR:  function anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(numeric[], int4range) does not exist
+LINE 1: select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(ARRAY[1.1,...
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+drop function anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(anycompatiblearray, anycompatiblerange);
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(anycompatible)
+  returns anycompatiblerange as 'select int4range(1,10)' language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anycompatiblerange requires at least one input of type anycompatiblerange or anycompatiblemultirange.
+--
+-- Arrays of ranges
+--
+select ARRAY[numrange(1.1, 1.2), numrange(12.3, 155.5)];
+            array             
+------------------------------
+ {"[1.1,1.2)","[12.3,155.5)"}
+(1 row)
+
+create table i8r_array (f1 int, f2 int8range[]);
+insert into i8r_array values (42, array[int8range(1,10), int8range(2,20)]);
+select * from i8r_array;
+ f1 |         f2          
+----+---------------------
+ 42 | {"[1,10)","[2,20)"}
+(1 row)
+
+drop table i8r_array;
+--
+-- Ranges of arrays
+--
+create type arrayrange as range (subtype=int4[]);
+select arrayrange(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[2,1]);
+    arrayrange     
+-------------------
+ ["{1,2}","{2,1}")
+(1 row)
+
+select arrayrange(ARRAY[2,1], ARRAY[1,2]);  -- fail
+ERROR:  range lower bound must be less than or equal to range upper bound
+select array[1,1] <@ arrayrange(array[1,2], array[2,1]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select array[1,3] <@ arrayrange(array[1,2], array[2,1]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Ranges of composites
+--
+create type two_ints as (a int, b int);
+create type two_ints_range as range (subtype = two_ints);
+-- with force_parallel_mode on, this exercises tqueue.c's range remapping
+select *, row_to_json(upper(t)) as u from
+  (values (two_ints_range(row(1,2), row(3,4))),
+          (two_ints_range(row(5,6), row(7,8)))) v(t);
+         t         |       u       
+-------------------+---------------
+ ["(1,2)","(3,4)") | {"a":3,"b":4}
+ ["(5,6)","(7,8)") | {"a":7,"b":8}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- this must be rejected to avoid self-inclusion issues:
+alter type two_ints add attribute c two_ints_range;
+ERROR:  composite type two_ints cannot be made a member of itself
+drop type two_ints cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to type two_ints_range
+--
+-- Check behavior when subtype lacks a hash function
+--
+create type cashrange as range (subtype = money);
+set enable_sort = off;  -- try to make it pick a hash setop implementation
+select '(2,5)'::cashrange except select '(5,6)'::cashrange;
+   cashrange   
+---------------
+ ($2.00,$5.00)
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_sort;
+--
+-- OUT/INOUT/TABLE functions
+--
+-- infer anyrange from anyrange
+create function outparam_succeed(i anyrange, out r anyrange, out t text)
+  as $$ select $1, 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+select * from outparam_succeed(int4range(1,2));
+   r   |  t  
+-------+-----
+ [1,2) | foo
+(1 row)
+
+create function outparam2_succeed(r anyrange, out lu anyarray, out ul anyarray)
+  as $$ select array[lower($1), upper($1)], array[upper($1), lower($1)] $$
+  language sql;
+select * from outparam2_succeed(int4range(1,11));
+   lu   |   ul   
+--------+--------
+ {1,11} | {11,1}
+(1 row)
+
+-- infer anyarray from anyrange
+create function outparam_succeed2(i anyrange, out r anyarray, out t text)
+  as $$ select ARRAY[upper($1)], 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+select * from outparam_succeed2(int4range(int4range(1,2)));
+  r  |  t  
+-----+-----
+ {2} | foo
+(1 row)
+
+-- infer anyelement from anyrange
+create function inoutparam_succeed(out i anyelement, inout r anyrange)
+  as $$ select upper($1), $1 $$ language sql;
+select * from inoutparam_succeed(int4range(1,2));
+ i |   r   
+---+-------
+ 2 | [1,2)
+(1 row)
+
+create function table_succeed(r anyrange)
+  returns table(l anyelement, u anyelement)
+  as $$ select lower($1), upper($1) $$
+  language sql;
+select * from table_succeed(int4range(1,11));
+ l | u  
+---+----
+ 1 | 11
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+create function outparam_fail(i anyelement, out r anyrange, out t text)
+  as $$ select '[1,10]', 'foo' $$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyrange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
+--should fail
+create function inoutparam_fail(inout i anyelement, out r anyrange)
+  as $$ select $1, '[1,10]' $$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyrange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
+--should fail
+create function table_fail(i anyelement) returns table(i anyelement, r anyrange)
+  as $$ select $1, '[1,10]' $$ language sql;
+ERROR:  cannot determine result data type
+DETAIL:  A result of type anyrange requires at least one input of type anyrange or anymultirange.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/regex.out b/src/test/regress/expected/regex.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae0de73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/regex.out
@@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
+--
+-- Regular expression tests
+--
+-- Don't want to have to double backslashes in regexes
+set standard_conforming_strings = on;
+-- Test simple quantified backrefs
+select 'bbbbb' ~ '^([bc])\1*$' as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'ccc' ~ '^([bc])\1*$' as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'xxx' ~ '^([bc])\1*$' as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'bbc' ~ '^([bc])\1*$' as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'b' ~ '^([bc])\1*$' as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test quantified backref within a larger expression
+select 'abc abc abc' ~ '^(\w+)( \1)+$' as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'abc abd abc' ~ '^(\w+)( \1)+$' as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'abc abc abd' ~ '^(\w+)( \1)+$' as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'abc abc abc' ~ '^(.+)( \1)+$' as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'abc abd abc' ~ '^(.+)( \1)+$' as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'abc abc abd' ~ '^(.+)( \1)+$' as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test some cases that crashed in 9.2beta1 due to pmatch[] array overrun
+select substring('asd TO foo' from ' TO (([a-z0-9._]+|"([^"]+|"")+")+)');
+ substring 
+-----------
+ foo
+(1 row)
+
+select substring('a' from '((a))+');
+ substring 
+-----------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+select substring('a' from '((a)+)');
+ substring 
+-----------
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test regexp_match()
+select regexp_match('abc', '');
+ regexp_match 
+--------------
+ {""}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_match('abc', 'bc');
+ regexp_match 
+--------------
+ {bc}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_match('abc', 'd') is null;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_match('abc', '(B)(c)', 'i');
+ regexp_match 
+--------------
+ {b,c}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_match('abc', 'Bd', 'ig'); -- error
+ERROR:  regexp_match() does not support the "global" option
+HINT:  Use the regexp_matches function instead.
+-- Test lookahead constraints
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a(?=b)b*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {ab}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('a', 'a(?=b)b*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select regexp_matches('abc', 'a(?=b)b*(?=c)c*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {abc}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a(?=b)b*(?=c)c*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a(?!b)b*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select regexp_matches('a', 'a(?!b)b*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {a}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('b', '(?=b)b');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {b}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('a', '(?=b)b');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test lookbehind constraints
+select regexp_matches('abb', '(?<=a)b*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {bb}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('a', 'a(?<=a)b*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {a}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('abc', 'a(?<=a)b*(?<=b)c*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {abc}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a(?<=a)b*(?<=b)c*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {ab}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a*(?<!a)b*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {""}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a*(?<!a)b+');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select regexp_matches('b', 'a*(?<!a)b+');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {b}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('a', 'a(?<!a)b*');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select regexp_matches('b', '(?<=b)b');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select regexp_matches('foobar', '(?<=f)b+');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+select regexp_matches('foobar', '(?<=foo)b+');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {b}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('foobar', '(?<=oo)b+');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {b}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test optimization of single-chr-or-bracket-expression lookaround constraints
+select 'xz' ~ 'x(?=[xy])';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'xy' ~ 'x(?=[xy])';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'xz' ~ 'x(?![xy])';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'xy' ~ 'x(?![xy])';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'x'  ~ 'x(?![xy])';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'xyy' ~ '(?<=[xy])yy+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'zyy' ~ '(?<=[xy])yy+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'xyy' ~ '(?<![xy])yy+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'zyy' ~ '(?<![xy])yy+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test conversion of regex patterns to indexable conditions
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ 'abc';
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on pg_proc
+   Filter: (proname ~ 'abc'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc';
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index on pg_proc
+   Index Cond: ((proname >= 'abc'::text) AND (proname < 'abd'::text))
+   Filter: (proname ~ '^abc'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc$';
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index on pg_proc
+   Index Cond: (proname = 'abc'::text)
+   Filter: (proname ~ '^abc$'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abcd*e';
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index on pg_proc
+   Index Cond: ((proname >= 'abc'::text) AND (proname < 'abd'::text))
+   Filter: (proname ~ '^abcd*e'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc+d';
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index on pg_proc
+   Index Cond: ((proname >= 'abc'::text) AND (proname < 'abd'::text))
+   Filter: (proname ~ '^abc+d'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)(def)';
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index on pg_proc
+   Index Cond: ((proname >= 'abcdef'::text) AND (proname < 'abcdeg'::text))
+   Filter: (proname ~ '^(abc)(def)'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)$';
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index on pg_proc
+   Index Cond: (proname = 'abc'::text)
+   Filter: (proname ~ '^(abc)$'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)?d';
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on pg_proc
+   Filter: (proname ~ '^(abc)?d'::text)
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abcd(x|(?=\w\w)q)';
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index on pg_proc
+   Index Cond: ((proname >= 'abcd'::text) AND (proname < 'abce'::text))
+   Filter: (proname ~ '^abcd(x|(?=\w\w)q)'::text)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Test for infinite loop in pullback() (CVE-2007-4772)
+select 'a' ~ '($|^)*';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- These cases expose a bug in the original fix for CVE-2007-4772
+select 'a' ~ '(^)+^';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'a' ~ '$($$)+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- More cases of infinite loop in pullback(), not fixed by CVE-2007-4772 fix
+select 'a' ~ '($^)+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'a' ~ '(^$)*';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'aa bb cc' ~ '(^(?!aa))+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'aa x' ~ '(^(?!aa)(?!bb)(?!cc))+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'bb x' ~ '(^(?!aa)(?!bb)(?!cc))+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'cc x' ~ '(^(?!aa)(?!bb)(?!cc))+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'dd x' ~ '(^(?!aa)(?!bb)(?!cc))+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test for infinite loop in fixempties() (Tcl bugs 3604074, 3606683)
+select 'a' ~ '((((((a)*)*)*)*)*)*';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'a' ~ '((((((a+|)+|)+|)+|)+|)+|)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- These cases used to give too-many-states failures
+select 'x' ~ 'abcd(\m)+xyz';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'a' ~ '^abcd*(((((^(a c(e?d)a+|)+|)+|)+|)+|a)+|)';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'x' ~ 'a^(^)bcd*xy(((((($a+|)+|)+|)+$|)+|)+|)^$';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'x' ~ 'xyz(\Y\Y)+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'x' ~ 'x|(?:\M)+';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- This generates O(N) states but O(N^2) arcs, so it causes problems
+-- if arc count is not constrained
+select 'x' ~ repeat('x*y*z*', 1000);
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression: regular expression is too complex
+-- Test backref in combination with non-greedy quantifier
+-- https://core.tcl.tk/tcl/tktview/6585b21ca8fa6f3678d442b97241fdd43dba2ec0
+select 'Programmer' ~ '(\w).*?\1' as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('Programmer', '(\w)(.*?\1)', 'g');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {r,ogr}
+ {m,m}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test for proper matching of non-greedy iteration (bug #11478)
+select regexp_matches('foo/bar/baz',
+                      '^([^/]+?)(?:/([^/]+?))(?:/([^/]+?))?$', '');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {foo,bar,baz}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test that greediness can be overridden by outer quantifier
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*)(.*)(f*)$');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {ll,mmmfff,""}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*){1,1}(.*)(f*)$');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {ll,mmmfff,""}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*){1,1}?(.*)(f*)$');
+  regexp_matches  
+------------------
+ {"",llmmmfff,""}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*){1,1}?(.*){1,1}?(f*)$');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {"",llmmm,fff}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?)(.*)(f*)$');
+  regexp_matches  
+------------------
+ {"",llmmmfff,""}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?){1,1}(.*)(f*)$');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {ll,mmmfff,""}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?){1,1}?(.*)(f*)$');
+  regexp_matches  
+------------------
+ {"",llmmmfff,""}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?){1,1}?(.*){1,1}?(f*)$');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {"",llmmm,fff}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test for infinite loop in cfindloop with zero-length possible match
+-- but no actual match (can only happen in the presence of backrefs)
+select 'a' ~ '$()|^\1';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'a' ~ '.. ()|\1';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'a' ~ '()*\1';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select 'a' ~ '()+\1';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test incorrect removal of capture groups within {0}
+select 'xxx' ~ '(.){0}(\1)' as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'xxx' ~ '((.)){0}(\2)' as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'xyz' ~ '((.)){0}(\2){0}' as t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test ancient oversight in when to apply zaptreesubs
+select 'abcdef' ~ '^(.)\1|\1.' as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select 'abadef' ~ '^((.)\2|..)\2' as f;
+ f 
+---
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- Add coverage for some cases in checkmatchall
+select regexp_match('xy', '.|...');
+ regexp_match 
+--------------
+ {x}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_match('xyz', '.|...');
+ regexp_match 
+--------------
+ {xyz}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_match('xy', '.*');
+ regexp_match 
+--------------
+ {xy}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_match('fooba', '(?:..)*');
+ regexp_match 
+--------------
+ {foob}
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_match('xyz', repeat('.', 260));
+ regexp_match 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select regexp_match('foo', '(?:.|){99}');
+ regexp_match 
+--------------
+ {foo}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Error conditions
+select 'xyz' ~ 'x(\w)(?=\1)';  -- no backrefs in LACONs
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression: invalid backreference number
+select 'xyz' ~ 'x(\w)(?=(\1))';
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression: invalid backreference number
+select 'a' ~ '\x7fffffff';  -- invalid chr code
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression: invalid escape \ sequence
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/regproc.out b/src/test/regress/expected/regproc.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e45ff54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/regproc.out
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+--
+-- regproc
+--
+/* If objects exist, return oids */
+CREATE ROLE regress_regrole_test;
+-- without schemaname
+SELECT regoper('||/');
+ regoper 
+---------
+ ||/
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regoperator('+(int4,int4)');
+    regoperator     
+--------------------
+ +(integer,integer)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regproc('now');
+ regproc 
+---------
+ now
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regprocedure('abs(numeric)');
+ regprocedure 
+--------------
+ abs(numeric)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regclass('pg_class');
+ regclass 
+----------
+ pg_class
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regtype('int4');
+ regtype 
+---------
+ integer
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regcollation('"POSIX"');
+ regcollation 
+--------------
+ "POSIX"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regoper('||/');
+ to_regoper 
+------------
+ ||/
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regoperator('+(int4,int4)');
+   to_regoperator   
+--------------------
+ +(integer,integer)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regproc('now');
+ to_regproc 
+------------
+ now
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regprocedure('abs(numeric)');
+ to_regprocedure 
+-----------------
+ abs(numeric)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regclass('pg_class');
+ to_regclass 
+-------------
+ pg_class
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regtype('int4');
+ to_regtype 
+------------
+ integer
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regcollation('"POSIX"');
+ to_regcollation 
+-----------------
+ "POSIX"
+(1 row)
+
+-- with schemaname
+SELECT regoper('pg_catalog.||/');
+ regoper 
+---------
+ ||/
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regoperator('pg_catalog.+(int4,int4)');
+    regoperator     
+--------------------
+ +(integer,integer)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regproc('pg_catalog.now');
+ regproc 
+---------
+ now
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regprocedure('pg_catalog.abs(numeric)');
+ regprocedure 
+--------------
+ abs(numeric)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regclass('pg_catalog.pg_class');
+ regclass 
+----------
+ pg_class
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regtype('pg_catalog.int4');
+ regtype 
+---------
+ integer
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regcollation('pg_catalog."POSIX"');
+ regcollation 
+--------------
+ "POSIX"
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regoper('pg_catalog.||/');
+ to_regoper 
+------------
+ ||/
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regproc('pg_catalog.now');
+ to_regproc 
+------------
+ now
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regprocedure('pg_catalog.abs(numeric)');
+ to_regprocedure 
+-----------------
+ abs(numeric)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regclass('pg_catalog.pg_class');
+ to_regclass 
+-------------
+ pg_class
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regtype('pg_catalog.int4');
+ to_regtype 
+------------
+ integer
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regcollation('pg_catalog."POSIX"');
+ to_regcollation 
+-----------------
+ "POSIX"
+(1 row)
+
+-- schemaname not applicable
+SELECT regrole('regress_regrole_test');
+       regrole        
+----------------------
+ regress_regrole_test
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regrole('"regress_regrole_test"');
+       regrole        
+----------------------
+ regress_regrole_test
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regnamespace('pg_catalog');
+ regnamespace 
+--------------
+ pg_catalog
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regnamespace('"pg_catalog"');
+ regnamespace 
+--------------
+ pg_catalog
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regrole('regress_regrole_test');
+      to_regrole      
+----------------------
+ regress_regrole_test
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regrole('"regress_regrole_test"');
+      to_regrole      
+----------------------
+ regress_regrole_test
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regnamespace('pg_catalog');
+ to_regnamespace 
+-----------------
+ pg_catalog
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regnamespace('"pg_catalog"');
+ to_regnamespace 
+-----------------
+ pg_catalog
+(1 row)
+
+/* If objects don't exist, raise errors. */
+DROP ROLE regress_regrole_test;
+-- without schemaname
+SELECT regoper('||//');
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: ||//
+LINE 1: SELECT regoper('||//');
+                       ^
+SELECT regoperator('++(int4,int4)');
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: ++(int4,int4)
+LINE 1: SELECT regoperator('++(int4,int4)');
+                           ^
+SELECT regproc('know');
+ERROR:  function "know" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regproc('know');
+                       ^
+SELECT regprocedure('absinthe(numeric)');
+ERROR:  function "absinthe(numeric)" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regprocedure('absinthe(numeric)');
+                            ^
+SELECT regclass('pg_classes');
+ERROR:  relation "pg_classes" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regclass('pg_classes');
+                        ^
+SELECT regtype('int3');
+ERROR:  type "int3" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regtype('int3');
+                       ^
+-- with schemaname
+SELECT regoper('ng_catalog.||/');
+ERROR:  schema "ng_catalog" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regoper('ng_catalog.||/');
+                       ^
+SELECT regoperator('ng_catalog.+(int4,int4)');
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: ng_catalog.+(int4,int4)
+LINE 1: SELECT regoperator('ng_catalog.+(int4,int4)');
+                           ^
+SELECT regproc('ng_catalog.now');
+ERROR:  schema "ng_catalog" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regproc('ng_catalog.now');
+                       ^
+SELECT regprocedure('ng_catalog.abs(numeric)');
+ERROR:  schema "ng_catalog" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regprocedure('ng_catalog.abs(numeric)');
+                            ^
+SELECT regclass('ng_catalog.pg_class');
+ERROR:  schema "ng_catalog" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regclass('ng_catalog.pg_class');
+                        ^
+SELECT regtype('ng_catalog.int4');
+ERROR:  schema "ng_catalog" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regtype('ng_catalog.int4');
+                       ^
+SELECT regcollation('ng_catalog."POSIX"');
+ERROR:  schema "ng_catalog" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regcollation('ng_catalog."POSIX"');
+                            ^
+-- schemaname not applicable
+SELECT regrole('regress_regrole_test');
+ERROR:  role "regress_regrole_test" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regrole('regress_regrole_test');
+                       ^
+SELECT regrole('"regress_regrole_test"');
+ERROR:  role "regress_regrole_test" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regrole('"regress_regrole_test"');
+                       ^
+SELECT regrole('Nonexistent');
+ERROR:  role "nonexistent" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regrole('Nonexistent');
+                       ^
+SELECT regrole('"Nonexistent"');
+ERROR:  role "Nonexistent" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regrole('"Nonexistent"');
+                       ^
+SELECT regrole('foo.bar');
+ERROR:  invalid name syntax
+LINE 1: SELECT regrole('foo.bar');
+                       ^
+SELECT regnamespace('Nonexistent');
+ERROR:  schema "nonexistent" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regnamespace('Nonexistent');
+                            ^
+SELECT regnamespace('"Nonexistent"');
+ERROR:  schema "Nonexistent" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT regnamespace('"Nonexistent"');
+                            ^
+SELECT regnamespace('foo.bar');
+ERROR:  invalid name syntax
+LINE 1: SELECT regnamespace('foo.bar');
+                            ^
+/* If objects don't exist, return NULL with no error. */
+-- without schemaname
+SELECT to_regoper('||//');
+ to_regoper 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regoperator('++(int4,int4)');
+ to_regoperator 
+----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regproc('know');
+ to_regproc 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regprocedure('absinthe(numeric)');
+ to_regprocedure 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regclass('pg_classes');
+ to_regclass 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regtype('int3');
+ to_regtype 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regcollation('notacollation');
+ to_regcollation 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- with schemaname
+SELECT to_regoper('ng_catalog.||/');
+ to_regoper 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regoperator('ng_catalog.+(int4,int4)');
+ to_regoperator 
+----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regproc('ng_catalog.now');
+ to_regproc 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regprocedure('ng_catalog.abs(numeric)');
+ to_regprocedure 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regclass('ng_catalog.pg_class');
+ to_regclass 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regtype('ng_catalog.int4');
+ to_regtype 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regcollation('ng_catalog."POSIX"');
+ to_regcollation 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- schemaname not applicable
+SELECT to_regrole('regress_regrole_test');
+ to_regrole 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regrole('"regress_regrole_test"');
+ to_regrole 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regrole('foo.bar');
+ERROR:  invalid name syntax
+SELECT to_regrole('Nonexistent');
+ to_regrole 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regrole('"Nonexistent"');
+ to_regrole 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regrole('foo.bar');
+ERROR:  invalid name syntax
+SELECT to_regnamespace('Nonexistent');
+ to_regnamespace 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regnamespace('"Nonexistent"');
+ to_regnamespace 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_regnamespace('foo.bar');
+ERROR:  invalid name syntax
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/reindex_catalog.out b/src/test/regress/expected/reindex_catalog.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..204f056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/reindex_catalog.out
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+--
+-- Check that system tables can be reindexed.
+--
+-- Note that this test currently is not included in the default
+-- schedules, as currently reindexing catalog tables can cause
+-- deadlocks:
+--
+-- * The lock upgrade between the ShareLock acquired for the reindex
+--   and RowExclusiveLock needed for pg_class/pg_index locks can
+--   trigger deadlocks.
+--
+-- * The uniqueness checks performed when reindexing a unique/primary
+--   key index possibly need to wait for the transaction of a
+--   about-to-deleted row in pg_class to commit. That can cause
+--   deadlocks because, in contrast to user tables, locks on catalog
+--   tables are routinely released before commit - therefore the lock
+--   held for reindexing doesn't guarantee that no running transaction
+--   performed modifications in the table underlying the index.
+--
+--   This is particularly problematic as such conflicts can be
+--   triggered even when run in isolation, as a previous session's
+--   temporary table cleanup might still be running (even when the
+--   session ended from a client perspective).
+-- Check reindexing of whole tables
+REINDEX TABLE pg_class; -- mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX TABLE pg_index; -- non-mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX TABLE pg_operator; -- non-mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX TABLE pg_database; -- mapped, shared, critical
+REINDEX TABLE pg_shdescription; -- mapped, shared non-critical
+-- Check that individual system indexes can be reindexed. That's a bit
+-- different from the entire-table case because reindex_relation
+-- treats e.g. pg_class special.
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_oid_index; -- mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_relname_nsp_index; -- mapped, non-shared, non-critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_index_indexrelid_index; -- non-mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_index_indrelid_index; -- non-mapped, non-shared, non-critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_database_oid_index; -- mapped, shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_shdescription_o_c_index; -- mapped, shared, non-critical
+-- Check the same REINDEX INDEX statements under parallelism.
+BEGIN;
+SET min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_oid_index; -- mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_relname_nsp_index; -- mapped, non-shared, non-critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_index_indexrelid_index; -- non-mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_index_indrelid_index; -- non-mapped, non-shared, non-critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_database_oid_index; -- mapped, shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_shdescription_o_c_index; -- mapped, shared, non-critical
+ROLLBACK;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/reloptions.out b/src/test/regress/expected/reloptions.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6aef6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/reloptions.out
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+-- Simple create
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test(i INT) WITH (FiLLFaCToR=30,
+	autovacuum_enabled = false, autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.2);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+                                  reloptions                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {fillfactor=30,autovacuum_enabled=false,autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor=0.2}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Fail min/max values check
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor=2);
+ERROR:  value 2 out of bounds for option "fillfactor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "10" and "100".
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor=110);
+ERROR:  value 110 out of bounds for option "fillfactor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "10" and "100".
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = -10.0);
+ERROR:  value -10.0 out of bounds for option "autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "0.000000" and "100.000000".
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 110.0);
+ERROR:  value 110.0 out of bounds for option "autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "0.000000" and "100.000000".
+-- Fail when option and namespace do not exist
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (not_existing_option=2);
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "not_existing_option"
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (not_existing_namespace.fillfactor=2);
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter namespace "not_existing_namespace"
+-- Fail while setting improper values
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor=-30.1);
+ERROR:  value -30.1 out of bounds for option "fillfactor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "10" and "100".
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor='string');
+ERROR:  invalid value for integer option "fillfactor": string
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor=true);
+ERROR:  invalid value for integer option "fillfactor": true
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=12);
+ERROR:  invalid value for boolean option "autovacuum_enabled": 12
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=30.5);
+ERROR:  invalid value for boolean option "autovacuum_enabled": 30.5
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_enabled='string');
+ERROR:  invalid value for boolean option "autovacuum_enabled": string
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor='string');
+ERROR:  invalid value for floating point option "autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor": string
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor=true);
+ERROR:  invalid value for floating point option "autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor": true
+-- Fail if option is specified twice
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor=30, fillfactor=40);
+ERROR:  parameter "fillfactor" specified more than once
+-- Specifying name only for a non-Boolean option should fail
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor);
+ERROR:  invalid value for integer option "fillfactor": true
+-- Simple ALTER TABLE
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test SET (fillfactor=31,
+	autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.3);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+                                  reloptions                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {autovacuum_enabled=false,fillfactor=31,autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor=0.3}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Set boolean option to true without specifying value
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test SET (autovacuum_enabled, fillfactor=32);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+                                 reloptions                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor=0.3,autovacuum_enabled=true,fillfactor=32}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check that RESET works well
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test RESET (fillfactor);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+                          reloptions                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ {autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor=0.3,autovacuum_enabled=true}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Resetting all values causes the column to become null
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test RESET (autovacuum_enabled,
+	autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass AND
+       reloptions IS NULL;
+ reloptions 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- RESET fails if a value is specified
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test RESET (fillfactor=12);
+ERROR:  RESET must not include values for parameters
+-- Test vacuum_truncate option
+DROP TABLE reloptions_test;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE reloptions_test(i INT NOT NULL, j text)
+	WITH (vacuum_truncate=false,
+	toast.vacuum_truncate=false,
+	autovacuum_enabled=false);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+                    reloptions                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ {vacuum_truncate=false,autovacuum_enabled=false}
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO reloptions_test VALUES (1, NULL), (NULL, NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "i" of relation "reloptions_test" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
+-- Do an aggressive vacuum to prevent page-skipping.
+VACUUM (FREEZE, DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) reloptions_test;
+SELECT pg_relation_size('reloptions_test') > 0;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid =
+	(SELECT reltoastrelid FROM pg_class
+	WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass);
+       reloptions        
+-------------------------
+ {vacuum_truncate=false}
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test RESET (vacuum_truncate);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+         reloptions         
+----------------------------
+ {autovacuum_enabled=false}
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO reloptions_test VALUES (1, NULL), (NULL, NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "i" of relation "reloptions_test" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
+-- Do an aggressive vacuum to prevent page-skipping.
+VACUUM (FREEZE, DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) reloptions_test;
+SELECT pg_relation_size('reloptions_test') = 0;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test toast.* options
+DROP TABLE reloptions_test;
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test (s VARCHAR)
+	WITH (toast.autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 23);
+SELECT reltoastrelid as toast_oid
+	FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass \gset
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = :toast_oid;
+            reloptions             
+-----------------------------------
+ {autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay=23}
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test SET (toast.autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 24);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = :toast_oid;
+            reloptions             
+-----------------------------------
+ {autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay=24}
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test RESET (toast.autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = :toast_oid;
+ reloptions 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- Fail on non-existent options in toast namespace
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2 (i int) WITH (toast.not_existing_option = 42);
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "not_existing_option"
+-- Mix TOAST & heap
+DROP TABLE reloptions_test;
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test (s VARCHAR) WITH
+	(toast.autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 23,
+	autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 24, fillfactor = 40);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+                   reloptions                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ {autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay=24,fillfactor=40}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = (
+	SELECT reltoastrelid FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass);
+            reloptions             
+-----------------------------------
+ {autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay=23}
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- CREATE INDEX, ALTER INDEX for btrees
+--
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx ON reloptions_test (s) WITH (fillfactor=30);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test_idx'::regclass;
+   reloptions    
+-----------------
+ {fillfactor=30}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Fail when option and namespace do not exist
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx ON reloptions_test (s)
+	WITH (not_existing_option=2);
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "not_existing_option"
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx ON reloptions_test (s)
+	WITH (not_existing_ns.fillfactor=2);
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter namespace "not_existing_ns"
+-- Check allowed ranges
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx2 ON reloptions_test (s) WITH (fillfactor=1);
+ERROR:  value 1 out of bounds for option "fillfactor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "10" and "100".
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx2 ON reloptions_test (s) WITH (fillfactor=130);
+ERROR:  value 130 out of bounds for option "fillfactor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "10" and "100".
+-- Check ALTER
+ALTER INDEX reloptions_test_idx SET (fillfactor=40);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test_idx'::regclass;
+   reloptions    
+-----------------
+ {fillfactor=40}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check ALTER on empty reloption list
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx3 ON reloptions_test (s);
+ALTER INDEX reloptions_test_idx3 SET (fillfactor=40);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test_idx3'::regclass;
+   reloptions    
+-----------------
+ {fillfactor=40}
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/replica_identity.out b/src/test/regress/expected/replica_identity.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d798ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/replica_identity.out
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity (
+       id serial primary key,
+       keya text not null,
+       keyb text not null,
+       nonkey text,
+       CONSTRAINT test_replica_identity_unique_defer UNIQUE (keya, keyb) DEFERRABLE,
+       CONSTRAINT test_replica_identity_unique_nondefer UNIQUE (keya, keyb)
+) ;
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity_othertable (id serial primary key);
+CREATE INDEX test_replica_identity_keyab ON test_replica_identity (keya, keyb);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_replica_identity_keyab_key ON test_replica_identity (keya, keyb);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_replica_identity_nonkey ON test_replica_identity (keya, nonkey);
+CREATE INDEX test_replica_identity_hash ON test_replica_identity USING hash (nonkey);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_replica_identity_expr ON test_replica_identity (keya, keyb, (3));
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_replica_identity_partial ON test_replica_identity (keya, keyb) WHERE keyb != '3';
+-- default is 'd'/DEFAULT for user created tables
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+ relreplident 
+--------------
+ d
+(1 row)
+
+-- but 'none' for system tables
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'pg_class'::regclass;
+ relreplident 
+--------------
+ n
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'pg_constraint'::regclass;
+ relreplident 
+--------------
+ n
+(1 row)
+
+----
+-- Make sure we detect ineligible indexes
+----
+-- fail, not unique
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_keyab;
+ERROR:  cannot use non-unique index "test_replica_identity_keyab" as replica identity
+-- fail, not a candidate key, nullable column
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_nonkey;
+ERROR:  index "test_replica_identity_nonkey" cannot be used as replica identity because column "nonkey" is nullable
+-- fail, hash indexes cannot do uniqueness
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_hash;
+ERROR:  cannot use non-unique index "test_replica_identity_hash" as replica identity
+-- fail, expression index
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_expr;
+ERROR:  cannot use expression index "test_replica_identity_expr" as replica identity
+-- fail, partial index
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_partial;
+ERROR:  cannot use partial index "test_replica_identity_partial" as replica identity
+-- fail, not our index
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_othertable_pkey;
+ERROR:  "test_replica_identity_othertable_pkey" is not an index for table "test_replica_identity"
+-- fail, deferrable
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_unique_defer;
+ERROR:  cannot use non-immediate index "test_replica_identity_unique_defer" as replica identity
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+ relreplident 
+--------------
+ d
+(1 row)
+
+----
+-- Make sure index cases succeed
+----
+-- succeed, primary key
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_pkey;
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+ relreplident 
+--------------
+ i
+(1 row)
+
+\d test_replica_identity
+                            Table "public.test_replica_identity"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |                      Default                      
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------------------------------------------------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | nextval('test_replica_identity_id_seq'::regclass)
+ keya   | text    |           | not null | 
+ keyb   | text    |           | not null | 
+ nonkey | text    |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_replica_identity_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) REPLICA IDENTITY
+    "test_replica_identity_expr" UNIQUE, btree (keya, keyb, (3))
+    "test_replica_identity_hash" hash (nonkey)
+    "test_replica_identity_keyab" btree (keya, keyb)
+    "test_replica_identity_keyab_key" UNIQUE, btree (keya, keyb)
+    "test_replica_identity_nonkey" UNIQUE, btree (keya, nonkey)
+    "test_replica_identity_partial" UNIQUE, btree (keya, keyb) WHERE keyb <> '3'::text
+    "test_replica_identity_unique_defer" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (keya, keyb) DEFERRABLE
+    "test_replica_identity_unique_nondefer" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (keya, keyb)
+
+-- succeed, nondeferrable unique constraint over nonnullable cols
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_unique_nondefer;
+-- succeed unique index over nonnullable cols
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_keyab_key;
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_keyab_key;
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+ relreplident 
+--------------
+ i
+(1 row)
+
+\d test_replica_identity
+                            Table "public.test_replica_identity"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |                      Default                      
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------------------------------------------------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | nextval('test_replica_identity_id_seq'::regclass)
+ keya   | text    |           | not null | 
+ keyb   | text    |           | not null | 
+ nonkey | text    |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_replica_identity_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+    "test_replica_identity_expr" UNIQUE, btree (keya, keyb, (3))
+    "test_replica_identity_hash" hash (nonkey)
+    "test_replica_identity_keyab" btree (keya, keyb)
+    "test_replica_identity_keyab_key" UNIQUE, btree (keya, keyb) REPLICA IDENTITY
+    "test_replica_identity_nonkey" UNIQUE, btree (keya, nonkey)
+    "test_replica_identity_partial" UNIQUE, btree (keya, keyb) WHERE keyb <> '3'::text
+    "test_replica_identity_unique_defer" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (keya, keyb) DEFERRABLE
+    "test_replica_identity_unique_nondefer" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (keya, keyb)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass AND indisreplident;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+----
+-- Make sure non index cases work
+----
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY DEFAULT;
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+ relreplident 
+--------------
+ d
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass AND indisreplident;
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+ relreplident 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+\d+ test_replica_identity
+                                                Table "public.test_replica_identity"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable |                      Default                      | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------------------------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | nextval('test_replica_identity_id_seq'::regclass) | plain    |              | 
+ keya   | text    |           | not null |                                                   | extended |              | 
+ keyb   | text    |           | not null |                                                   | extended |              | 
+ nonkey | text    |           |          |                                                   | extended |              | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_replica_identity_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+    "test_replica_identity_expr" UNIQUE, btree (keya, keyb, (3))
+    "test_replica_identity_hash" hash (nonkey)
+    "test_replica_identity_keyab" btree (keya, keyb)
+    "test_replica_identity_keyab_key" UNIQUE, btree (keya, keyb)
+    "test_replica_identity_nonkey" UNIQUE, btree (keya, nonkey)
+    "test_replica_identity_partial" UNIQUE, btree (keya, keyb) WHERE keyb <> '3'::text
+    "test_replica_identity_unique_defer" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (keya, keyb) DEFERRABLE
+    "test_replica_identity_unique_nondefer" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (keya, keyb)
+Replica Identity: FULL
+
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING;
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+ relreplident 
+--------------
+ n
+(1 row)
+
+---
+-- Test that ALTER TABLE rewrite preserves nondefault replica identity
+---
+-- constraint variant
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity2 (id int UNIQUE NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity2 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity2_id_key;
+\d test_replica_identity2
+       Table "public.test_replica_identity2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_replica_identity2_id_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (id) REPLICA IDENTITY
+
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity2 ALTER COLUMN id TYPE bigint;
+\d test_replica_identity2
+      Table "public.test_replica_identity2"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | bigint |           | not null | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_replica_identity2_id_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (id) REPLICA IDENTITY
+
+-- straight index variant
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity3 (id int NOT NULL);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_replica_identity3_id_key ON test_replica_identity3 (id);
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity3 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity3_id_key;
+\d test_replica_identity3
+       Table "public.test_replica_identity3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_replica_identity3_id_key" UNIQUE, btree (id) REPLICA IDENTITY
+
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity3 ALTER COLUMN id TYPE bigint;
+\d test_replica_identity3
+      Table "public.test_replica_identity3"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | bigint |           | not null | 
+Indexes:
+    "test_replica_identity3_id_key" UNIQUE, btree (id) REPLICA IDENTITY
+
+-- ALTER TABLE DROP NOT NULL is not allowed for columns part of an index
+-- used as replica identity.
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity3 ALTER COLUMN id DROP NOT NULL;
+ERROR:  column "id" is in index used as replica identity
+--
+-- Test that replica identity can be set on an index that's not yet valid.
+-- (This matches the way pg_dump will try to dump a partitioned table.)
+--
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity4(id integer NOT NULL) PARTITION BY LIST (id);
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity4_1(id integer NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_replica_identity4
+  ATTACH PARTITION test_replica_identity4_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_replica_identity4
+  ADD CONSTRAINT test_replica_identity4_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_replica_identity4
+  REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity4_pkey;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_replica_identity4_1
+  ADD CONSTRAINT test_replica_identity4_1_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+\d+ test_replica_identity4
+                    Partitioned table "public.test_replica_identity4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           | not null |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (id)
+Indexes:
+    "test_replica_identity4_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) INVALID REPLICA IDENTITY
+Partitions: test_replica_identity4_1 FOR VALUES IN (1)
+
+ALTER INDEX test_replica_identity4_pkey
+  ATTACH PARTITION test_replica_identity4_1_pkey;
+\d+ test_replica_identity4
+                    Partitioned table "public.test_replica_identity4"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           | not null |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (id)
+Indexes:
+    "test_replica_identity4_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) REPLICA IDENTITY
+Partitions: test_replica_identity4_1 FOR VALUES IN (1)
+
+DROP TABLE test_replica_identity;
+DROP TABLE test_replica_identity2;
+DROP TABLE test_replica_identity3;
+DROP TABLE test_replica_identity4;
+DROP TABLE test_replica_identity_othertable;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/returning.out b/src/test/regress/expected/returning.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb51bb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/returning.out
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+--
+-- Test INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE RETURNING
+--
+-- Simple cases
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (f1 serial, f2 text, f3 int default 42);
+INSERT INTO foo (f2,f3)
+  VALUES ('test', DEFAULT), ('More', 11), (upper('more'), 7+9)
+  RETURNING *, f1+f3 AS sum;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 | sum 
+----+------+----+-----
+  1 | test | 42 |  43
+  2 | More | 11 |  13
+  3 | MORE | 16 |  19
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 
+----+------+----
+  1 | test | 42
+  2 | More | 11
+  3 | MORE | 16
+(3 rows)
+
+UPDATE foo SET f2 = lower(f2), f3 = DEFAULT RETURNING foo.*, f1+f3 AS sum13;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 | sum13 
+----+------+----+-------
+  1 | test | 42 |    43
+  2 | more | 42 |    44
+  3 | more | 42 |    45
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 
+----+------+----
+  1 | test | 42
+  2 | more | 42
+  3 | more | 42
+(3 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM foo WHERE f1 > 2 RETURNING f3, f2, f1, least(f1,f3);
+ f3 |  f2  | f1 | least 
+----+------+----+-------
+ 42 | more |  3 |     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 
+----+------+----
+  1 | test | 42
+  2 | more | 42
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Subplans and initplans in the RETURNING list
+INSERT INTO foo SELECT f1+10, f2, f3+99 FROM foo
+  RETURNING *, f1+112 IN (SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl) AS subplan,
+    EXISTS(SELECT * FROM int4_tbl) AS initplan;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3  | subplan | initplan 
+----+------+-----+---------+----------
+ 11 | test | 141 | t       | t
+ 12 | more | 141 | f       | t
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE foo SET f3 = f3 * 2
+  WHERE f1 > 10
+  RETURNING *, f1+112 IN (SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl) AS subplan,
+    EXISTS(SELECT * FROM int4_tbl) AS initplan;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3  | subplan | initplan 
+----+------+-----+---------+----------
+ 11 | test | 282 | t       | t
+ 12 | more | 282 | f       | t
+(2 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM foo
+  WHERE f1 > 10
+  RETURNING *, f1+112 IN (SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl) AS subplan,
+    EXISTS(SELECT * FROM int4_tbl) AS initplan;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3  | subplan | initplan 
+----+------+-----+---------+----------
+ 11 | test | 282 | t       | t
+ 12 | more | 282 | f       | t
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Joins
+UPDATE foo SET f3 = f3*2
+  FROM int4_tbl i
+  WHERE foo.f1 + 123455 = i.f1
+  RETURNING foo.*, i.f1 as "i.f1";
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 |  i.f1  
+----+------+----+--------
+  1 | test | 84 | 123456
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 
+----+------+----
+  2 | more | 42
+  1 | test | 84
+(2 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM foo
+  USING int4_tbl i
+  WHERE foo.f1 + 123455 = i.f1
+  RETURNING foo.*, i.f1 as "i.f1";
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 |  i.f1  
+----+------+----+--------
+  1 | test | 84 | 123456
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 
+----+------+----
+  2 | more | 42
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check inheritance cases
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foochild (fc int) INHERITS (foo);
+INSERT INTO foochild VALUES(123,'child',999,-123);
+ALTER TABLE foo ADD COLUMN f4 int8 DEFAULT 99;
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1  |  f2   | f3  | f4 
+-----+-------+-----+----
+   2 | more  |  42 | 99
+ 123 | child | 999 | 99
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foochild;
+ f1  |  f2   | f3  |  fc  | f4 
+-----+-------+-----+------+----
+ 123 | child | 999 | -123 | 99
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE foo SET f4 = f4 + f3 WHERE f4 = 99 RETURNING *;
+ f1  |  f2   | f3  |  f4  
+-----+-------+-----+------
+   2 | more  |  42 |  141
+ 123 | child | 999 | 1098
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1  |  f2   | f3  |  f4  
+-----+-------+-----+------
+   2 | more  |  42 |  141
+ 123 | child | 999 | 1098
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foochild;
+ f1  |  f2   | f3  |  fc  |  f4  
+-----+-------+-----+------+------
+ 123 | child | 999 | -123 | 1098
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE foo SET f3 = f3*2
+  FROM int8_tbl i
+  WHERE foo.f1 = i.q2
+  RETURNING *;
+ f1  |  f2   |  f3  |  f4  |        q1        | q2  
+-----+-------+------+------+------------------+-----
+ 123 | child | 1998 | 1098 | 4567890123456789 | 123
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1  |  f2   |  f3  |  f4  
+-----+-------+------+------
+   2 | more  |   42 |  141
+ 123 | child | 1998 | 1098
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foochild;
+ f1  |  f2   |  f3  |  fc  |  f4  
+-----+-------+------+------+------
+ 123 | child | 1998 | -123 | 1098
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM foo
+  USING int8_tbl i
+  WHERE foo.f1 = i.q2
+  RETURNING *;
+ f1  |  f2   |  f3  |  f4  |        q1        | q2  
+-----+-------+------+------+------------------+-----
+ 123 | child | 1998 | 1098 | 4567890123456789 | 123
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 | f4  
+----+------+----+-----
+  2 | more | 42 | 141
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foochild;
+ f1 | f2 | f3 | fc | f4 
+----+----+----+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE foochild;
+-- Rules and views
+CREATE TEMP VIEW voo AS SELECT f1, f2 FROM foo;
+CREATE RULE voo_i AS ON INSERT TO voo DO INSTEAD
+  INSERT INTO foo VALUES(new.*, 57);
+INSERT INTO voo VALUES(11,'zit');
+-- fails:
+INSERT INTO voo VALUES(12,'zoo') RETURNING *, f1*2;
+ERROR:  cannot perform INSERT RETURNING on relation "voo"
+HINT:  You need an unconditional ON INSERT DO INSTEAD rule with a RETURNING clause.
+-- fails, incompatible list:
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE voo_i AS ON INSERT TO voo DO INSTEAD
+  INSERT INTO foo VALUES(new.*, 57) RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  RETURNING list has too many entries
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE voo_i AS ON INSERT TO voo DO INSTEAD
+  INSERT INTO foo VALUES(new.*, 57) RETURNING f1, f2;
+-- should still work
+INSERT INTO voo VALUES(13,'zit2');
+-- works now
+INSERT INTO voo VALUES(14,'zoo2') RETURNING *;
+ f1 |  f2  
+----+------
+ 14 | zoo2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 | f4  
+----+------+----+-----
+  2 | more | 42 | 141
+ 11 | zit  | 57 |  99
+ 13 | zit2 | 57 |  99
+ 14 | zoo2 | 57 |  99
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM voo;
+ f1 |  f2  
+----+------
+  2 | more
+ 11 | zit
+ 13 | zit2
+ 14 | zoo2
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE voo_u AS ON UPDATE TO voo DO INSTEAD
+  UPDATE foo SET f1 = new.f1, f2 = new.f2 WHERE f1 = old.f1
+  RETURNING f1, f2;
+update voo set f1 = f1 + 1 where f2 = 'zoo2';
+update voo set f1 = f1 + 1 where f2 = 'zoo2' RETURNING *, f1*2;
+ f1 |  f2  | ?column? 
+----+------+----------
+ 16 | zoo2 |       32
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 | f4  
+----+------+----+-----
+  2 | more | 42 | 141
+ 11 | zit  | 57 |  99
+ 13 | zit2 | 57 |  99
+ 16 | zoo2 | 57 |  99
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM voo;
+ f1 |  f2  
+----+------
+  2 | more
+ 11 | zit
+ 13 | zit2
+ 16 | zoo2
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE voo_d AS ON DELETE TO voo DO INSTEAD
+  DELETE FROM foo WHERE f1 = old.f1
+  RETURNING f1, f2;
+DELETE FROM foo WHERE f1 = 13;
+DELETE FROM foo WHERE f2 = 'zit' RETURNING *;
+ f1 | f2  | f3 | f4 
+----+-----+----+----
+ 11 | zit | 57 | 99
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 | f4  
+----+------+----+-----
+  2 | more | 42 | 141
+ 16 | zoo2 | 57 |  99
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM voo;
+ f1 |  f2  
+----+------
+  2 | more
+ 16 | zoo2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Try a join case
+CREATE TEMP TABLE joinme (f2j text, other int);
+INSERT INTO joinme VALUES('more', 12345);
+INSERT INTO joinme VALUES('zoo2', 54321);
+INSERT INTO joinme VALUES('other', 0);
+CREATE TEMP VIEW joinview AS
+  SELECT foo.*, other FROM foo JOIN joinme ON (f2 = f2j);
+SELECT * FROM joinview;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 | f4  | other 
+----+------+----+-----+-------
+  2 | more | 42 | 141 | 12345
+ 16 | zoo2 | 57 |  99 | 54321
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE RULE joinview_u AS ON UPDATE TO joinview DO INSTEAD
+  UPDATE foo SET f1 = new.f1, f3 = new.f3
+    FROM joinme WHERE f2 = f2j AND f2 = old.f2
+    RETURNING foo.*, other;
+UPDATE joinview SET f1 = f1 + 1 WHERE f3 = 57 RETURNING *, other + 1;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 | f4 | other | ?column? 
+----+------+----+----+-------+----------
+ 17 | zoo2 | 57 | 99 | 54321 |    54322
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM joinview;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 | f4  | other 
+----+------+----+-----+-------
+  2 | more | 42 | 141 | 12345
+ 17 | zoo2 | 57 |  99 | 54321
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ f1 |  f2  | f3 | f4  
+----+------+----+-----
+  2 | more | 42 | 141
+ 17 | zoo2 | 57 |  99
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM voo;
+ f1 |  f2  
+----+------
+  2 | more
+ 17 | zoo2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Check aliased target relation
+INSERT INTO foo AS bar DEFAULT VALUES RETURNING *; -- ok
+ f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 
+----+----+----+----
+  4 |    | 42 | 99
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO foo AS bar DEFAULT VALUES RETURNING foo.*; -- fails, wrong name
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "foo"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO foo AS bar DEFAULT VALUES RETURNING foo.*;
+                                                        ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the table alias "bar".
+INSERT INTO foo AS bar DEFAULT VALUES RETURNING bar.*; -- ok
+ f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 
+----+----+----+----
+  5 |    | 42 | 99
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO foo AS bar DEFAULT VALUES RETURNING bar.f3; -- ok
+ f3 
+----
+ 42
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/roleattributes.out b/src/test/regress/expected/roleattributes.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e6969b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/roleattributes.out
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+-- default for superuser is false
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_superuser;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_superuser';
+          rolname           | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+----------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_def_superuser | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_superuser WITH SUPERUSER;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_superuser';
+        rolname         | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_superuser | t        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_superuser WITH NOSUPERUSER;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_superuser';
+        rolname         | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_superuser | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_superuser WITH SUPERUSER;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_superuser';
+        rolname         | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_superuser | t        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- default for inherit is true
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_inherit;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_inherit';
+         rolname          | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+--------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_def_inherit | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_inherit WITH NOINHERIT;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_inherit';
+       rolname        | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+----------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_inherit | f        | f          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_inherit WITH INHERIT;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_inherit';
+       rolname        | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+----------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_inherit | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_inherit WITH NOINHERIT;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_inherit';
+       rolname        | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+----------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_inherit | f        | f          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- default for create role is false
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_createrole;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_createrole';
+           rolname           | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+-----------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_def_createrole | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_createrole WITH CREATEROLE;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createrole';
+         rolname         | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+-------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_createrole | f        | t          | t             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_createrole WITH NOCREATEROLE;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createrole';
+         rolname         | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+-------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_createrole | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_createrole WITH CREATEROLE;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createrole';
+         rolname         | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+-------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_createrole | f        | t          | t             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- default for create database is false
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_createdb;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_createdb';
+          rolname          | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+---------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_def_createdb | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_createdb WITH CREATEDB;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createdb';
+        rolname        | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+-----------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_createdb | f        | t          | f             | t           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_createdb WITH NOCREATEDB;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createdb';
+        rolname        | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+-----------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_createdb | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_createdb WITH CREATEDB;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createdb';
+        rolname        | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+-----------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_createdb | f        | t          | f             | t           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- default for can login is false for role
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_role_canlogin;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_role_canlogin';
+            rolname             | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+--------------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_def_role_canlogin | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role_canlogin WITH LOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_role_canlogin';
+          rolname           | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+----------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_role_canlogin | f        | t          | f             | f           | t           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_role_canlogin WITH NOLOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_role_canlogin';
+          rolname           | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+----------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_role_canlogin | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_role_canlogin WITH LOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_role_canlogin';
+          rolname           | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+----------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_role_canlogin | f        | t          | f             | f           | t           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- default for can login is true for user
+CREATE USER regress_test_def_user_canlogin;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_user_canlogin';
+            rolname             | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+--------------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_def_user_canlogin | f        | t          | f             | f           | t           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE USER regress_test_user_canlogin WITH NOLOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_user_canlogin';
+          rolname           | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+----------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_user_canlogin | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER USER regress_test_user_canlogin WITH LOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_user_canlogin';
+          rolname           | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+----------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_user_canlogin | f        | t          | f             | f           | t           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER USER regress_test_user_canlogin WITH NOLOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_user_canlogin';
+          rolname           | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+----------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_user_canlogin | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- default for replication is false
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_replication;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_replication';
+           rolname            | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+------------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_def_replication | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_replication WITH REPLICATION;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_replication';
+         rolname          | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+--------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_replication | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | t              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_replication WITH NOREPLICATION;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_replication';
+         rolname          | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+--------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_replication | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_replication WITH REPLICATION;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_replication';
+         rolname          | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+--------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_replication | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | t              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- default for bypassrls is false
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_bypassrls;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_bypassrls';
+          rolname           | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+----------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_def_bypassrls | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_bypassrls WITH BYPASSRLS;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_bypassrls';
+        rolname         | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_bypassrls | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | t            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_bypassrls WITH NOBYPASSRLS;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_bypassrls';
+        rolname         | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_bypassrls | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | f            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_bypassrls WITH BYPASSRLS;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_bypassrls';
+        rolname         | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcanlogin | rolreplication | rolbypassrls | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil 
+------------------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+---------------
+ regress_test_bypassrls | f        | t          | f             | f           | f           | f              | t            |           -1 |             | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- clean up roles
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_superuser;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_superuser;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_inherit;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_inherit;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_createrole;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_createrole;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_createdb;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_createdb;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_role_canlogin;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role_canlogin;
+DROP USER regress_test_def_user_canlogin;
+DROP USER regress_test_user_canlogin;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_replication;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_replication;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_bypassrls;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_bypassrls;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rowsecurity.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rowsecurity.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d99b89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rowsecurity.out
@@ -0,0 +1,4575 @@
+--
+-- Test of Row-level security feature
+--
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+-- Suppress NOTICE messages when users/groups don't exist
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_alice;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_bob;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_carol;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_dave;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_exempt_user;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group1;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group2;
+DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS regress_rls_schema CASCADE;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- initial setup
+CREATE USER regress_rls_alice NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_bob NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_carol NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_dave NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_exempt_user BYPASSRLS NOLOGIN;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group1 NOLOGIN;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group2 NOLOGIN;
+GRANT regress_rls_group1 TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT regress_rls_group2 TO regress_rls_carol;
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_rls_schema;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA regress_rls_schema to public;
+SET search_path = regress_rls_schema;
+-- setup of malicious function
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_leak(text) RETURNS bool
+    COST 0.0000001 LANGUAGE plpgsql
+    AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''f_leak => %'', $1; RETURN true; END';
+GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION f_leak(text) TO public;
+-- BASIC Row-Level Security Scenario
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE uaccount (
+    pguser      name primary key,
+    seclv       int
+);
+GRANT SELECT ON uaccount TO public;
+INSERT INTO uaccount VALUES
+    ('regress_rls_alice', 99),
+    ('regress_rls_bob', 1),
+    ('regress_rls_carol', 2),
+    ('regress_rls_dave', 3);
+CREATE TABLE category (
+    cid        int primary key,
+    cname      text
+);
+GRANT ALL ON category TO public;
+INSERT INTO category VALUES
+    (11, 'novel'),
+    (22, 'science fiction'),
+    (33, 'technology'),
+    (44, 'manga');
+CREATE TABLE document (
+    did         int primary key,
+    cid         int references category(cid),
+    dlevel      int not null,
+    dauthor     name,
+    dtitle      text
+);
+GRANT ALL ON document TO public;
+INSERT INTO document VALUES
+    ( 1, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel'),
+    ( 2, 11, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second novel'),
+    ( 3, 22, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my science fiction'),
+    ( 4, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first manga'),
+    ( 5, 44, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second manga'),
+    ( 6, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great science fiction'),
+    ( 7, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great technology book'),
+    ( 8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great manga'),
+    ( 9, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome science fiction'),
+    (10, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome technology book');
+ALTER TABLE document ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- user's security level must be higher than or equal to document's
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS PERMISSIVE
+    USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+-- try to create a policy of bogus type
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS UGLY
+    USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+ERROR:  unrecognized row security option "ugly"
+LINE 1: CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS UGLY
+                                        ^
+HINT:  Only PERMISSIVE or RESTRICTIVE policies are supported currently.
+-- but Dave isn't allowed to anything at cid 50 or above
+-- this is to make sure that we sort the policies by name first
+-- when applying WITH CHECK, a later INSERT by Dave should fail due
+-- to p1r first
+CREATE POLICY p2r ON document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave
+    USING (cid <> 44 AND cid < 50);
+-- and Dave isn't allowed to see manga documents
+CREATE POLICY p1r ON document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave
+    USING (cid <> 44);
+\dp
+                                                                  Access privileges
+       Schema       |   Name   | Type  |              Access privileges              | Column privileges |                  Policies                  
+--------------------+----------+-------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------+--------------------------------------------
+ regress_rls_schema | category | table | regress_rls_alice=arwdDxt/regress_rls_alice+|                   | 
+                    |          |       | =arwdDxt/regress_rls_alice                  |                   | 
+ regress_rls_schema | document | table | regress_rls_alice=arwdDxt/regress_rls_alice+|                   | p1:                                       +
+                    |          |       | =arwdDxt/regress_rls_alice                  |                   |   (u): (dlevel <= ( SELECT uaccount.seclv +
+                    |          |       |                                             |                   |    FROM uaccount                          +
+                    |          |       |                                             |                   |   WHERE (uaccount.pguser = CURRENT_USER)))+
+                    |          |       |                                             |                   | p2r (RESTRICTIVE):                        +
+                    |          |       |                                             |                   |   (u): ((cid <> 44) AND (cid < 50))       +
+                    |          |       |                                             |                   |   to: regress_rls_dave                    +
+                    |          |       |                                             |                   | p1r (RESTRICTIVE):                        +
+                    |          |       |                                             |                   |   (u): (cid <> 44)                        +
+                    |          |       |                                             |                   |   to: regress_rls_dave
+ regress_rls_schema | uaccount | table | regress_rls_alice=arwdDxt/regress_rls_alice+|                   | 
+                    |          |       | =r/regress_rls_alice                        |                   | 
+(3 rows)
+
+\d document
+        Table "regress_rls_schema.document"
+ Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+---------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ did     | integer |           | not null | 
+ cid     | integer |           |          | 
+ dlevel  | integer |           | not null | 
+ dauthor | name    |           |          | 
+ dtitle  | text    |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "document_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (did)
+Foreign-key constraints:
+    "document_cid_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (cid) REFERENCES category(cid)
+Policies:
+    POLICY "p1"
+      USING ((dlevel <= ( SELECT uaccount.seclv
+   FROM uaccount
+  WHERE (uaccount.pguser = CURRENT_USER))))
+    POLICY "p1r" AS RESTRICTIVE
+      TO regress_rls_dave
+      USING ((cid <> 44))
+    POLICY "p2r" AS RESTRICTIVE
+      TO regress_rls_dave
+      USING (((cid <> 44) AND (cid < 50)))
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_policies WHERE schemaname = 'regress_rls_schema' AND tablename = 'document' ORDER BY policyname;
+     schemaname     | tablename | policyname | permissive  |       roles        | cmd |                    qual                    | with_check 
+--------------------+-----------+------------+-------------+--------------------+-----+--------------------------------------------+------------
+ regress_rls_schema | document  | p1         | PERMISSIVE  | {public}           | ALL | (dlevel <= ( SELECT uaccount.seclv        +| 
+                    |           |            |             |                    |     |    FROM uaccount                          +| 
+                    |           |            |             |                    |     |   WHERE (uaccount.pguser = CURRENT_USER))) | 
+ regress_rls_schema | document  | p1r        | RESTRICTIVE | {regress_rls_dave} | ALL | (cid <> 44)                                | 
+ regress_rls_schema | document  | p2r        | RESTRICTIVE | {regress_rls_dave} | ALL | ((cid <> 44) AND (cid < 50))               | 
+(3 rows)
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+ cid | did | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          |      cname      
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------
+  11 |   1 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel          | novel
+  44 |   4 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga          | manga
+  22 |   6 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction   | science fiction
+  44 |   8 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga             | manga
+  22 |   9 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction | science fiction
+(5 rows)
+
+-- try a sampled version
+SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0)
+  WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+(4 rows)
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome technology book
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
+   5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome technology book
+ cid | did | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          |      cname      
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------
+  11 |   1 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel          | novel
+  11 |   2 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel         | novel
+  22 |   3 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction      | science fiction
+  44 |   4 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga          | manga
+  44 |   5 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga         | manga
+  22 |   6 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction   | science fiction
+  33 |   7 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book   | technology
+  44 |   8 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga             | manga
+  22 |   9 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction | science fiction
+  33 |  10 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book | technology
+(10 rows)
+
+-- try a sampled version
+SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0)
+  WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
+   5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on document
+   Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount
+           Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (category.cid = document.cid)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount
+           Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
+   ->  Seq Scan on category
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on document
+               Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+(9 rows)
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome technology book
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome technology book
+ cid | did | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          |      cname      
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------
+  11 |   1 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel          | novel
+  11 |   2 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel         | novel
+  22 |   3 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction      | science fiction
+  22 |   6 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction   | science fiction
+  33 |   7 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book   | technology
+  22 |   9 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction | science fiction
+  33 |  10 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book | technology
+(7 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                                          QUERY PLAN                                          
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on document
+   Filter: ((cid <> 44) AND (cid <> 44) AND (cid < 50) AND (dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount
+           Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                                                QUERY PLAN                                                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (category.cid = document.cid)
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount
+           Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
+   ->  Seq Scan on category
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on document
+               Filter: ((cid <> 44) AND (cid <> 44) AND (cid < 50) AND (dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+(9 rows)
+
+-- 44 would technically fail for both p2r and p1r, but we should get an error
+-- back from p1r for this because it sorts first
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (100, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing sorting of policies'); -- fail
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy "p1r" for table "document"
+-- Just to see a p2r error
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing sorting of policies'); -- fail
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy "p2r" for table "document"
+-- only owner can change policies
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON document USING (true);    --fail
+ERROR:  must be owner of table document
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;                  --fail
+ERROR:  must be owner of relation document
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON document USING (dauthor = current_user);
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second manga
+ did | cid | dlevel |     dauthor     |       dtitle       
+-----+-----+--------+-----------------+--------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga
+   5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER by did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second manga
+ cid | did | dlevel |     dauthor     |       dtitle       |      cname      
+-----+-----+--------+-----------------+--------------------+-----------------
+  11 |   1 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel     | novel
+  11 |   2 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel    | novel
+  22 |   3 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction | science fiction
+  44 |   4 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga     | manga
+  44 |   5 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga    | manga
+(5 rows)
+
+-- viewpoint from rls_regres_carol again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER by did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
+ cid | did | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         |      cname      
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------+-----------------
+  22 |   6 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction | science fiction
+  33 |   7 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book | technology
+  44 |   8 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga           | manga
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on document
+   Filter: ((dauthor = CURRENT_USER) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on document
+         Filter: ((dauthor = CURRENT_USER) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   ->  Index Scan using category_pkey on category
+         Index Cond: (cid = document.cid)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- interaction of FK/PK constraints
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON category
+    USING (CASE WHEN current_user = 'regress_rls_bob' THEN cid IN (11, 33)
+           WHEN current_user = 'regress_rls_carol' THEN cid IN (22, 44)
+           ELSE false END);
+ALTER TABLE category ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- cannot delete PK referenced by invisible FK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM document d FULL OUTER JOIN category c on d.cid = c.cid ORDER BY d.did, c.cid;
+ did | cid | dlevel |     dauthor     |       dtitle       | cid |   cname    
+-----+-----+--------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel     |  11 | novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel    |  11 | novel
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction |     | 
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga     |     | 
+   5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga    |     | 
+     |     |        |                 |                    |  33 | technology
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM category WHERE cid = 33;    -- fails with FK violation
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "category" violates foreign key constraint "document_cid_fkey" on table "document"
+DETAIL:  Key is still referenced from table "document".
+-- can insert FK referencing invisible PK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM document d FULL OUTER JOIN category c on d.cid = c.cid ORDER BY d.did, c.cid;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         | cid |      cname      
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+-----------------
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction |  22 | science fiction
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book |     | 
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga           |  44 | manga
+(3 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (11, 33, 1, current_user, 'hoge');
+-- UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint violation DOES reveal presence of row
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my third manga'); -- Must fail with unique violation, revealing presence of did we can't see
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "document_pkey"
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 8; -- and confirm we can't see it
+ did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle 
+-----+-----+--------+---------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- RLS policies are checked before constraints
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my third manga'); -- Should fail with RLS check violation, not duplicate key violation
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
+UPDATE document SET did = 8, dauthor = 'regress_rls_carol' WHERE did = 5; -- Should fail with RLS check violation, not duplicate key violation
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
+-- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when enabled
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
+   5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM category;
+ cid |      cname      
+-----+-----------------
+  11 | novel
+  22 | science fiction
+  33 | technology
+  44 | manga
+(4 rows)
+
+-- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when disabled
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
+   5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM category;
+ cid |      cname      
+-----+-----------------
+  11 | novel
+  22 | science fiction
+  33 | technology
+  44 | manga
+(4 rows)
+
+-- database non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
+   5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM category;
+ cid |      cname      
+-----+-----------------
+  11 | novel
+  22 | science fiction
+  33 | technology
+  44 | manga
+(4 rows)
+
+-- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS enabled.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
+   5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM category;
+ cid |      cname      
+-----+-----------------
+  11 | novel
+  22 | science fiction
+  33 | technology
+  44 | manga
+(4 rows)
+
+-- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS disabled.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
+   5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM category;
+ cid |      cname      
+-----+-----------------
+  11 | novel
+  22 | science fiction
+  33 | technology
+  44 | manga
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Table inheritance and RLS policy
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+CREATE TABLE t1 (id int not null primary key, a int, junk1 text, b text);
+ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN junk1;    -- just a disturbing factor
+GRANT ALL ON t1 TO public;
+COPY t1 FROM stdin WITH ;
+CREATE TABLE t2 (c float) INHERITS (t1);
+GRANT ALL ON t2 TO public;
+COPY t2 FROM stdin;
+CREATE TABLE t3 (id int not null primary key, c text, b text, a int);
+ALTER TABLE t3 INHERIT t1;
+GRANT ALL ON t3 TO public;
+COPY t3(id, a,b,c) FROM stdin;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 FOR ALL TO PUBLIC USING (a % 2 = 0); -- be even number
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON t2 FOR ALL TO PUBLIC USING (a % 2 = 1); -- be odd number
+ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE t2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+ id  | a |  b  
+-----+---+-----
+ 102 | 2 | bbb
+ 104 | 4 | dad
+ 202 | 2 | bcd
+ 204 | 4 | def
+ 302 | 2 | yyy
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+         Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+         Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def
+NOTICE:  f_leak => yyy
+ id  | a |  b  
+-----+---+-----
+ 102 | 2 | bbb
+ 104 | 4 | dad
+ 202 | 2 | bcd
+ 204 | 4 | def
+ 302 | 2 | yyy
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+         Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+         Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- reference to system column
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM t1;
+ tableoid | id  | a |  b  
+----------+-----+---+-----
+ t1       | 102 | 2 | bbb
+ t1       | 104 | 4 | dad
+ t2       | 202 | 2 | bcd
+ t2       | 204 | 4 | def
+ t3       | 302 | 2 | yyy
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT *, t1 FROM t1;
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+         Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+         Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+(7 rows)
+
+-- reference to whole-row reference
+SELECT *, t1 FROM t1;
+ id  | a |  b  |     t1      
+-----+---+-----+-------------
+ 102 | 2 | bbb | (102,2,bbb)
+ 104 | 4 | dad | (104,4,dad)
+ 202 | 2 | bcd | (202,2,bcd)
+ 204 | 4 | def | (204,4,def)
+ 302 | 2 | yyy | (302,2,yyy)
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT *, t1 FROM t1;
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+         Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+         Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+(7 rows)
+
+-- for share/update lock
+SELECT * FROM t1 FOR SHARE;
+ id  | a |  b  
+-----+---+-----
+ 102 | 2 | bbb
+ 104 | 4 | dad
+ 202 | 2 | bcd
+ 204 | 4 | def
+ 302 | 2 | yyy
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 FOR SHARE;
+             QUERY PLAN              
+-------------------------------------
+ LockRows
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+               Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+         ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+               Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+         ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+               Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) FOR SHARE;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def
+NOTICE:  f_leak => yyy
+ id  | a |  b  
+-----+---+-----
+ 102 | 2 | bbb
+ 104 | 4 | dad
+ 202 | 2 | bcd
+ 204 | 4 | def
+ 302 | 2 | yyy
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) FOR SHARE;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ LockRows
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+               Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+         ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+               Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+         ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+               Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(8 rows)
+
+-- union all query
+SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t3;
+ a |  b  | tableoid 
+---+-----+----------
+ 1 | abc | t2
+ 3 | cde | t2
+ 1 | xxx | t3
+ 2 | yyy | t3
+ 3 | zzz | t3
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t3;
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2
+         Filter: ((a % 2) = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3
+(4 rows)
+
+-- superuser is allowed to bypass RLS checks
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => ccc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cde
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def
+NOTICE:  f_leak => xxx
+NOTICE:  f_leak => yyy
+NOTICE:  f_leak => zzz
+ id  | a |  b  
+-----+---+-----
+ 101 | 1 | aba
+ 102 | 2 | bbb
+ 103 | 3 | ccc
+ 104 | 4 | dad
+ 201 | 1 | abc
+ 202 | 2 | bcd
+ 203 | 3 | cde
+ 204 | 4 | def
+ 301 | 1 | xxx
+ 302 | 2 | yyy
+ 303 | 3 | zzz
+(11 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         Filter: f_leak(b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+         Filter: f_leak(b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+         Filter: f_leak(b)
+(7 rows)
+
+-- non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => ccc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cde
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def
+NOTICE:  f_leak => xxx
+NOTICE:  f_leak => yyy
+NOTICE:  f_leak => zzz
+ id  | a |  b  
+-----+---+-----
+ 101 | 1 | aba
+ 102 | 2 | bbb
+ 103 | 3 | ccc
+ 104 | 4 | dad
+ 201 | 1 | abc
+ 202 | 2 | bcd
+ 203 | 3 | cde
+ 204 | 4 | def
+ 301 | 1 | xxx
+ 302 | 2 | yyy
+ 303 | 3 | zzz
+(11 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         Filter: f_leak(b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+         Filter: f_leak(b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+         Filter: f_leak(b)
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- Partitioned Tables
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE part_document (
+    did         int,
+    cid         int,
+    dlevel      int not null,
+    dauthor     name,
+    dtitle      text
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (cid);
+GRANT ALL ON part_document TO public;
+-- Create partitions for document categories
+CREATE TABLE part_document_fiction PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (11) to (12);
+CREATE TABLE part_document_satire PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (55) to (56);
+CREATE TABLE part_document_nonfiction PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (99) to (100);
+GRANT ALL ON part_document_fiction TO public;
+GRANT ALL ON part_document_satire TO public;
+GRANT ALL ON part_document_nonfiction TO public;
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES
+    ( 1, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel'),
+    ( 2, 11, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second novel'),
+    ( 3, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my science textbook'),
+    ( 4, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first satire'),
+    ( 5, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my history book'),
+    ( 6, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great science fiction'),
+    ( 7, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great technology book'),
+    ( 8, 55, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great satire'),
+    ( 9, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome science fiction'),
+    (10, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome technology book');
+ALTER TABLE part_document ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- Create policy on parent
+-- user's security level must be higher than or equal to document's
+CREATE POLICY pp1 ON part_document AS PERMISSIVE
+    USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+-- Dave is only allowed to see cid < 55
+CREATE POLICY pp1r ON part_document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave
+    USING (cid < 55);
+\d+ part_document
+                    Partitioned table "regress_rls_schema.part_document"
+ Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+---------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ did     | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ cid     | integer |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ dlevel  | integer |           | not null |         | plain    |              | 
+ dauthor | name    |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ dtitle  | text    |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Partition key: RANGE (cid)
+Policies:
+    POLICY "pp1"
+      USING ((dlevel <= ( SELECT uaccount.seclv
+   FROM uaccount
+  WHERE (uaccount.pguser = CURRENT_USER))))
+    POLICY "pp1r" AS RESTRICTIVE
+      TO regress_rls_dave
+      USING ((cid < 55))
+Partitions: part_document_fiction FOR VALUES FROM (11) TO (12),
+            part_document_nonfiction FOR VALUES FROM (99) TO (100),
+            part_document_satire FOR VALUES FROM (55) TO (56)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_policies WHERE schemaname = 'regress_rls_schema' AND tablename like '%part_document%' ORDER BY policyname;
+     schemaname     |   tablename   | policyname | permissive  |       roles        | cmd |                    qual                    | with_check 
+--------------------+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------+-----+--------------------------------------------+------------
+ regress_rls_schema | part_document | pp1        | PERMISSIVE  | {public}           | ALL | (dlevel <= ( SELECT uaccount.seclv        +| 
+                    |               |            |             |                    |     |    FROM uaccount                          +| 
+                    |               |            |             |                    |     |   WHERE (uaccount.pguser = CURRENT_USER))) | 
+ regress_rls_schema | part_document | pp1r       | RESTRICTIVE | {regress_rls_dave} | ALL | (cid < 55)                                 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first satire
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   4 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first satire
+   6 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   9 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount
+           Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document_1
+         Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_satire part_document_2
+         Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_nonfiction part_document_3
+         Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+(10 rows)
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first satire
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great satire
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my science textbook
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my history book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome technology book
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science textbook
+   4 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first satire
+   5 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my history book
+   6 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  55 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire
+   9 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+(10 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount
+           Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document_1
+         Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_satire part_document_2
+         Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_nonfiction part_document_3
+         Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+(10 rows)
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   6 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   9 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document
+   Filter: ((cid < 55) AND (dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount
+           Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- pp1 ERROR
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 11, 5, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing pp1'); -- fail
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "part_document"
+-- pp1r ERROR
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 99, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing pp1r'); -- fail
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy "pp1r" for table "part_document"
+-- Show that RLS policy does not apply for direct inserts to children
+-- This should fail with RLS POLICY pp1r violation.
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- fail
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy "pp1r" for table "part_document"
+-- But this should succeed.
+INSERT INTO part_document_satire VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- success
+-- We still cannot see the row using the parent
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   6 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   9 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+(4 rows)
+
+-- But we can if we look directly
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first satire
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great satire
+NOTICE:  f_leak => testing RLS with partitions
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |           dtitle            
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------------
+   4 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first satire
+   8 |  55 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire
+ 100 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | testing RLS with partitions
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Turn on RLS and create policy on child to show RLS is checked before constraints
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER TABLE part_document_satire ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY pp3 ON part_document_satire AS RESTRICTIVE
+    USING (cid < 55);
+-- This should fail with RLS violation now.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+INSERT INTO part_document_satire VALUES (101, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- fail
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "part_document_satire"
+-- And now we cannot see directly into the partition either, due to RLS
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+ did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle 
+-----+-----+--------+---------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- The parent looks same as before
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   6 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   9 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document
+   Filter: ((cid < 55) AND (dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount
+           Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first satire
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great satire
+NOTICE:  f_leak => testing RLS with partitions
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my science textbook
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my history book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awesome technology book
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |           dtitle            
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science textbook
+   4 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first satire
+   5 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my history book
+   6 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  55 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire
+   9 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+ 100 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | testing RLS with partitions
+(11 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount
+           Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document_1
+         Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_satire part_document_2
+         Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_nonfiction part_document_3
+         Filter: ((dlevel <= $0) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+(10 rows)
+
+-- only owner can change policies
+ALTER POLICY pp1 ON part_document USING (true);    --fail
+ERROR:  must be owner of table part_document
+DROP POLICY pp1 ON part_document;                  --fail
+ERROR:  must be owner of relation part_document
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY pp1 ON part_document USING (dauthor = current_user);
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first satire
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my science textbook
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my history book
+ did | cid | dlevel |     dauthor     |       dtitle        
+-----+-----+--------+-----------------+---------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel
+   3 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my science textbook
+   4 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | my first satire
+   5 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my history book
+(5 rows)
+
+-- viewpoint from rls_regres_carol again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great satire
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------
+   6 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  55 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_fiction part_document_1
+         Filter: ((dauthor = CURRENT_USER) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_satire part_document_2
+         Filter: ((dauthor = CURRENT_USER) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+   ->  Seq Scan on part_document_nonfiction part_document_3
+         Filter: ((dauthor = CURRENT_USER) AND f_leak(dtitle))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when enabled
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER BY did;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |           dtitle            
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science textbook
+   4 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first satire
+   5 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my history book
+   6 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  55 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire
+   9 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+ 100 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | testing RLS with partitions
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |           dtitle            
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------------
+   4 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first satire
+   8 |  55 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire
+ 100 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | testing RLS with partitions
+(3 rows)
+
+-- database non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER BY did;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |           dtitle            
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science textbook
+   4 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first satire
+   5 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my history book
+   6 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  55 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire
+   9 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+ 100 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | testing RLS with partitions
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |           dtitle            
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------------
+   4 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first satire
+   8 |  55 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire
+ 100 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | testing RLS with partitions
+(3 rows)
+
+-- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS enabled.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER by did;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |           dtitle            
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science textbook
+   4 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first satire
+   5 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my history book
+   6 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   8 |  55 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire
+   9 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction
+  10 |  99 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book
+ 100 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | testing RLS with partitions
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |           dtitle            
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------------
+   4 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first satire
+   8 |  55 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great satire
+ 100 |  55 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | testing RLS with partitions
+(3 rows)
+
+-- When RLS disabled, other users get ERROR.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER by did;
+ERROR:  query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "part_document"
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+ERROR:  query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "part_document_satire"
+-- Check behavior with a policy that uses a SubPlan not an InitPlan.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+CREATE POLICY pp3 ON part_document AS RESTRICTIVE
+    USING ((SELECT dlevel <= seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 11, 5, 'regress_rls_carol', 'testing pp3'); -- fail
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy "pp3" for table "part_document"
+----- Dependencies -----
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+CREATE TABLE dependee (x integer, y integer);
+CREATE TABLE dependent (x integer, y integer);
+CREATE POLICY d1 ON dependent FOR ALL
+    TO PUBLIC
+    USING (x = (SELECT d.x FROM dependee d WHERE d.y = y));
+DROP TABLE dependee; -- Should fail without CASCADE due to dependency on row security qual?
+ERROR:  cannot drop table dependee because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  policy d1 on table dependent depends on table dependee
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TABLE dependee CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to policy d1 on table dependent
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM dependent; -- After drop, should be unqualified
+      QUERY PLAN       
+-----------------------
+ Seq Scan on dependent
+(1 row)
+
+-----   RECURSION    ----
+--
+-- Simple recursion
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE rec1 (x integer, y integer);
+CREATE POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT r.x FROM rec1 r WHERE y = r.y));
+ALTER TABLE rec1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1; -- fail, direct recursion
+ERROR:  infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "rec1"
+--
+-- Mutual recursion
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE rec2 (a integer, b integer);
+ALTER POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2 WHERE b = y));
+CREATE POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1 WHERE y = b));
+ALTER TABLE rec2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1;    -- fail, mutual recursion
+ERROR:  infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "rec1"
+--
+-- Mutual recursion via views
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rec1v AS SELECT * FROM rec1;
+CREATE VIEW rec2v AS SELECT * FROM rec2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2v WHERE b = y));
+ALTER POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1v WHERE y = b));
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1;    -- fail, mutual recursion via views
+ERROR:  infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "rec1"
+--
+-- Mutual recursion via .s.b views
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+DROP VIEW rec1v, rec2v CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to policy r1 on table rec1
+drop cascades to policy r2 on table rec2
+CREATE VIEW rec1v WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM rec1;
+CREATE VIEW rec2v WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM rec2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2v WHERE b = y));
+CREATE POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1v WHERE y = b));
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1;    -- fail, mutual recursion via s.b. views
+ERROR:  infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "rec1"
+--
+-- recursive RLS and VIEWs in policy
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE s1 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO s1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-10,10) x);
+CREATE TABLE s2 (x int, y text);
+INSERT INTO s2 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-6,6) x);
+GRANT SELECT ON s1, s2 TO regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON s1 USING (a in (select x from s2 where y like '%2f%'));
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x in (select a from s1 where b like '%22%'));
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON s1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (a = (SELECT a FROM s1));
+ALTER TABLE s1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE s2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW v2 AS SELECT * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%af%';
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b); -- fail (infinite recursion)
+ERROR:  infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "s1"
+INSERT INTO s1 VALUES (1, 'foo'); -- fail (infinite recursion)
+ERROR:  infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "s1"
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p3 on s1;
+ALTER POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x % 2 = 0);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b);	-- OK
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+NOTICE:  f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+ a |                b                 
+---+----------------------------------
+ 2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+ 4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM only s1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on s1
+   Filter: ((hashed SubPlan 1) AND f_leak(b))
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Seq Scan on s2
+           Filter: (((x % 2) = 0) AND (y ~~ '%2f%'::text))
+(5 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON s1 USING (a in (select x from v2)); -- using VIEW in RLS policy
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b);	-- OK
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 0267aaf632e87a63288a08331f22c7c3
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+ a  |                b                 
+----+----------------------------------
+ -4 | 0267aaf632e87a63288a08331f22c7c3
+  6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on s1
+   Filter: ((hashed SubPlan 1) AND f_leak(b))
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Seq Scan on s2
+           Filter: (((x % 2) = 0) AND (y ~~ '%af%'::text))
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT (SELECT x FROM s1 LIMIT 1) xx, * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%28%';
+ xx | x  |                y                 
+----+----+----------------------------------
+ -6 | -6 | 596a3d04481816330f07e4f97510c28f
+ -4 | -4 | 0267aaf632e87a63288a08331f22c7c3
+  2 |  2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT (SELECT x FROM s1 LIMIT 1) xx, * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%28%';
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on s2
+   Filter: (((x % 2) = 0) AND (y ~~ '%28%'::text))
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Seq Scan on s1
+                 Filter: (hashed SubPlan 1)
+                 SubPlan 1
+                   ->  Seq Scan on s2 s2_1
+                         Filter: (((x % 2) = 0) AND (y ~~ '%af%'::text))
+(9 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x in (select a from s1 where b like '%d2%'));
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b);	-- fail (infinite recursion via view)
+ERROR:  infinite recursion detected in policy for relation "s1"
+-- prepared statement with regress_rls_alice privilege
+PREPARE p1(int) AS SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a <= $1;
+EXECUTE p1(2);
+ id  | a |  b  
+-----+---+-----
+ 102 | 2 | bbb
+ 202 | 2 | bcd
+ 302 | 2 | yyy
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p1(2);
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         Filter: ((a <= 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+         Filter: ((a <= 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+         Filter: ((a <= 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- superuser is allowed to bypass RLS checks
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => ccc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cde
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def
+NOTICE:  f_leak => xxx
+NOTICE:  f_leak => yyy
+NOTICE:  f_leak => zzz
+ id  | a |  b  
+-----+---+-----
+ 101 | 1 | aba
+ 102 | 2 | bbb
+ 103 | 3 | ccc
+ 104 | 4 | dad
+ 201 | 1 | abc
+ 202 | 2 | bcd
+ 203 | 3 | cde
+ 204 | 4 | def
+ 301 | 1 | xxx
+ 302 | 2 | yyy
+ 303 | 3 | zzz
+(11 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         Filter: f_leak(b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+         Filter: f_leak(b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+         Filter: f_leak(b)
+(7 rows)
+
+-- plan cache should be invalidated
+EXECUTE p1(2);
+ id  | a |  b  
+-----+---+-----
+ 101 | 1 | aba
+ 102 | 2 | bbb
+ 201 | 1 | abc
+ 202 | 2 | bcd
+ 301 | 1 | xxx
+ 302 | 2 | yyy
+(6 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p1(2);
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         Filter: (a <= 2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+         Filter: (a <= 2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+         Filter: (a <= 2)
+(7 rows)
+
+PREPARE p2(int) AS SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a = $1;
+EXECUTE p2(2);
+ id  | a |  b  
+-----+---+-----
+ 102 | 2 | bbb
+ 202 | 2 | bcd
+ 302 | 2 | yyy
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p2(2);
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         Filter: (a = 2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+         Filter: (a = 2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+         Filter: (a = 2)
+(7 rows)
+
+-- also, case when privilege switch from superuser
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+EXECUTE p2(2);
+ id  | a |  b  
+-----+---+-----
+ 102 | 2 | bbb
+ 202 | 2 | bcd
+ 302 | 2 | yyy
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p2(2);
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+         Filter: ((a = 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+         Filter: ((a = 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0))
+   ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+         Filter: ((a = 2) AND ((a % 2) = 0))
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- UPDATE / DELETE and Row-level security
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 SET b = b || b WHERE f_leak(b);
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on t1
+   Update on t1 t1_1
+   Update on t2 t1_2
+   Update on t3 t1_3
+   ->  Result
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+                     Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+                     Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+                     Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(12 rows)
+
+UPDATE t1 SET b = b || b WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def
+NOTICE:  f_leak => yyy
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE only t1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Update on t1
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1
+         Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(3 rows)
+
+UPDATE only t1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbbbbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => daddad
+-- returning clause with system column
+UPDATE only t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbbbbb_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => daddad_updt
+ tableoid | id  | a |      b      |         t1          
+----------+-----+---+-------------+---------------------
+ t1       | 102 | 2 | bbbbbb_updt | (102,2,bbbbbb_updt)
+ t1       | 104 | 4 | daddad_updt | (104,4,daddad_updt)
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbbbbb_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => daddad_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcdbcd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => defdef
+NOTICE:  f_leak => yyyyyy
+ id  | a |      b      
+-----+---+-------------
+ 102 | 2 | bbbbbb_updt
+ 104 | 4 | daddad_updt
+ 202 | 2 | bcdbcd
+ 204 | 4 | defdef
+ 302 | 2 | yyyyyy
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbbbbb_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => daddad_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcdbcd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => defdef
+NOTICE:  f_leak => yyyyyy
+ tableoid | id  | a |      b      |         t1          
+----------+-----+---+-------------+---------------------
+ t1       | 102 | 2 | bbbbbb_updt | (102,2,bbbbbb_updt)
+ t1       | 104 | 4 | daddad_updt | (104,4,daddad_updt)
+ t2       | 202 | 2 | bcdbcd      | (202,2,bcdbcd)
+ t2       | 204 | 4 | defdef      | (204,4,defdef)
+ t3       | 302 | 2 | yyyyyy      | (302,2,yyyyyy)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- updates with from clause
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t3
+WHERE t2.a = 3 and t3.a = 2 AND f_leak(t2.b) AND f_leak(t3.b);
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on t2
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on t2
+               Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+         ->  Seq Scan on t3
+               Filter: ((a = 2) AND f_leak(b))
+(6 rows)
+
+UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t3
+WHERE t2.a = 3 and t3.a = 2 AND f_leak(t2.b) AND f_leak(t3.b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cde
+NOTICE:  f_leak => yyyyyy
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 SET b=t1.b FROM t2
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on t1
+   Update on t1 t1_1
+   Update on t2 t1_2
+   Update on t3 t1_3
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on t2
+               Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+                     Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+                     Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+                     Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(14 rows)
+
+UPDATE t1 SET b=t1.b FROM t2
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cde
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t1
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on t2
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on t2
+               Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+                     Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+                     Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+                     Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(11 rows)
+
+UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t1
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cde
+-- updates with from clause self join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 t2_1 SET b = t2_2.b FROM t2 t2_2
+WHERE t2_1.a = 3 AND t2_2.a = t2_1.a AND t2_2.b = t2_1.b
+AND f_leak(t2_1.b) AND f_leak(t2_2.b) RETURNING *, t2_1, t2_2;
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on t2 t2_1
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Join Filter: (t2_1.b = t2_2.b)
+         ->  Seq Scan on t2 t2_1
+               Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+         ->  Seq Scan on t2 t2_2
+               Filter: ((a = 3) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+(7 rows)
+
+UPDATE t2 t2_1 SET b = t2_2.b FROM t2 t2_2
+WHERE t2_1.a = 3 AND t2_2.a = t2_1.a AND t2_2.b = t2_1.b
+AND f_leak(t2_1.b) AND f_leak(t2_2.b) RETURNING *, t2_1, t2_2;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cde
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cde
+ id  | a |  b  |  c  | id  | a |  b  |  c  |      t2_1       |      t2_2       
+-----+---+-----+-----+-----+---+-----+-----+-----------------+-----------------
+ 203 | 3 | cde | 3.3 | 203 | 3 | cde | 3.3 | (203,3,cde,3.3) | (203,3,cde,3.3)
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 t1_1 SET b = t1_2.b FROM t1 t1_2
+WHERE t1_1.a = 4 AND t1_2.a = t1_1.a AND t1_2.b = t1_1.b
+AND f_leak(t1_1.b) AND f_leak(t1_2.b) RETURNING *, t1_1, t1_2;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on t1 t1_1
+   Update on t1 t1_1_1
+   Update on t2 t1_1_2
+   Update on t3 t1_1_3
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Join Filter: (t1_1.b = t1_2.b)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1_1
+                     Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_1_2
+                     Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+               ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_1_3
+                     Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+         ->  Materialize
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_2_1
+                           Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2_2
+                           Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_2_3
+                           Filter: ((a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(21 rows)
+
+UPDATE t1 t1_1 SET b = t1_2.b FROM t1 t1_2
+WHERE t1_1.a = 4 AND t1_2.a = t1_1.a AND t1_2.b = t1_1.b
+AND f_leak(t1_1.b) AND f_leak(t1_2.b) RETURNING *, t1_1, t1_2;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => daddad_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => daddad_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => defdef
+NOTICE:  f_leak => defdef
+ id  | a |      b      | id  | a |      b      |        t1_1         |        t1_2         
+-----+---+-------------+-----+---+-------------+---------------------+---------------------
+ 104 | 4 | daddad_updt | 104 | 4 | daddad_updt | (104,4,daddad_updt) | (104,4,daddad_updt)
+ 204 | 4 | defdef      | 204 | 4 | defdef      | (204,4,defdef)      | (204,4,defdef)
+(2 rows)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a,b;
+ id  | a |      b      
+-----+---+-------------
+ 101 | 1 | aba
+ 201 | 1 | abc
+ 301 | 1 | xxx
+ 102 | 2 | bbbbbb_updt
+ 202 | 2 | bcdbcd
+ 302 | 2 | yyyyyy
+ 103 | 3 | ccc
+ 203 | 3 | cde
+ 303 | 3 | zzz
+ 104 | 4 | daddad_updt
+ 204 | 4 | defdef
+(11 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM only t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Delete on t1
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1
+         Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on t1
+   Delete on t1 t1_1
+   Delete on t2 t1_2
+   Delete on t3 t1_3
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+               Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+         ->  Seq Scan on t2 t1_2
+               Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+         ->  Seq Scan on t3 t1_3
+               Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(11 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM only t1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbbbbb_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => daddad_updt
+ tableoid | id  | a |      b      |         t1          
+----------+-----+---+-------------+---------------------
+ t1       | 102 | 2 | bbbbbb_updt | (102,2,bbbbbb_updt)
+ t1       | 104 | 4 | daddad_updt | (104,4,daddad_updt)
+(2 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcdbcd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => defdef
+NOTICE:  f_leak => yyyyyy
+ tableoid | id  | a |   b    |       t1       
+----------+-----+---+--------+----------------
+ t2       | 202 | 2 | bcdbcd | (202,2,bcdbcd)
+ t2       | 204 | 4 | defdef | (204,4,defdef)
+ t3       | 302 | 2 | yyyyyy | (302,2,yyyyyy)
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- S.b. view on top of Row-level security
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE b1 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO b1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-10,10) x);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON b1 USING (a % 2 = 0);
+ALTER TABLE b1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT ALL ON b1 TO regress_rls_bob;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW bv1 WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM b1 WHERE a > 0 WITH CHECK OPTION;
+GRANT ALL ON bv1 TO regress_rls_carol;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM bv1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on bv1
+   Filter: f_leak(bv1.b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on b1
+         Filter: ((a > 0) AND ((a % 2) = 0))
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM bv1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+NOTICE:  f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+NOTICE:  f_leak => d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+ a  |                b                 
+----+----------------------------------
+  2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+  4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+  6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+  8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+ 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+(5 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (-1, 'xxx'); -- should fail view WCO
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "b1"
+INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (11, 'xxx'); -- should fail RLS check
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "b1"
+INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (12, 'xxx'); -- ok
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE bv1 SET b = 'yyy' WHERE a = 4 AND f_leak(b);
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on b1
+   ->  Seq Scan on b1
+         Filter: ((a > 0) AND (a = 4) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(3 rows)
+
+UPDATE bv1 SET b = 'yyy' WHERE a = 4 AND f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM bv1 WHERE a = 6 AND f_leak(b);
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on b1
+   ->  Seq Scan on b1
+         Filter: ((a > 0) AND (a = 6) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(3 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM bv1 WHERE a = 6 AND f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM b1;
+  a  |                b                 
+-----+----------------------------------
+ -10 | 1b0fd9efa5279c4203b7c70233f86dbf
+  -9 | 252e691406782824eec43d7eadc3d256
+  -8 | a8d2ec85eaf98407310b72eb73dda247
+  -7 | 74687a12d3915d3c4d83f1af7b3683d5
+  -6 | 596a3d04481816330f07e4f97510c28f
+  -5 | 47c1b025fa18ea96c33fbb6718688c0f
+  -4 | 0267aaf632e87a63288a08331f22c7c3
+  -3 | b3149ecea4628efd23d2f86e5a723472
+  -2 | 5d7b9adcbe1c629ec722529dd12e5129
+  -1 | 6bb61e3b7bce0931da574d19d1d82c88
+   0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+   1 | c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+   2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+   3 | eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3
+   5 | e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5
+   7 | 8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543
+   8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+   9 | 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26
+  10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+  12 | xxx
+   4 | yyy
+(21 rows)
+
+--
+-- INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE and Row-level security
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+DROP POLICY p1r ON document;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT USING (true);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON document FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON document FOR UPDATE
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'))
+  WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Exists...
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 2;
+ did | cid | dlevel |     dauthor     |     dtitle      
+-----+-----+--------+-----------------+-----------------
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my second novel
+(1 row)
+
+-- ...so violates actual WITH CHECK OPTION within UPDATE (not INSERT, since
+-- alternative UPDATE path happens to be taken):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, dauthor = EXCLUDED.dauthor;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
+-- Violates USING qual for UPDATE policy p3.
+--
+-- UPDATE path is taken, but UPDATE fails purely because *existing* row to be
+-- updated is not a "novel"/cid 11 (row is not leaked, even though we have
+-- SELECT privileges sufficient to see the row in this instance):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (33, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'okay science fiction'); -- preparation for next statement
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (33, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'Some novel, replaces sci-fi') -- takes UPDATE path
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
+-- Fine (we UPDATE, since INSERT WCOs and UPDATE security barrier quals + WCOs
+-- not violated):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+ did | cid | dlevel |     dauthor     |     dtitle     
+-----+-----+--------+-----------------+----------------
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel
+(1 row)
+
+-- Fine (we INSERT, so "cid = 33" ("technology") isn't evaluated):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *;
+ did | cid | dlevel |     dauthor     |        dtitle         
+-----+-----+--------+-----------------+-----------------------
+  78 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | some technology novel
+(1 row)
+
+-- Fine (same query, but we UPDATE, so "cid = 33", ("technology") is not the
+-- case in respect of *existing* tuple):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *;
+ did | cid | dlevel |     dauthor     |        dtitle         
+-----+-----+--------+-----------------+-----------------------
+  78 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | some technology novel
+(1 row)
+
+-- Same query a third time, but now fails due to existing tuple finally not
+-- passing quals:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
+-- Don't fail just because INSERT doesn't satisfy WITH CHECK option that
+-- originated as a barrier/USING() qual from the UPDATE.  Note that the UPDATE
+-- path *isn't* taken, and so UPDATE-related policy does not apply:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+ did | cid | dlevel |     dauthor     |              dtitle              
+-----+-----+--------+-----------------+----------------------------------
+  79 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | technology book, can only insert
+(1 row)
+
+-- But this time, the same statement fails, because the UPDATE path is taken,
+-- and updating the row just inserted falls afoul of security barrier qual
+-- (enforced as WCO) -- what we might have updated target tuple to is
+-- irrelevant, in fact.
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
+-- Test default USING qual enforced as WCO
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+DROP POLICY p2 ON document;
+DROP POLICY p3 ON document;
+CREATE POLICY p3_with_default ON document FOR UPDATE
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'));
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Just because WCO-style enforcement of USING quals occurs with
+-- existing/target tuple does not mean that the implementation can be allowed
+-- to fail to also enforce this qual against the final tuple appended to
+-- relation (since in the absence of an explicit WCO, this is also interpreted
+-- as an UPDATE/ALL WCO in general).
+--
+-- UPDATE path is taken here (fails due to existing tuple).  Note that this is
+-- not reported as a "USING expression", because it's an RLS UPDATE check that originated as
+-- a USING qual for the purposes of RLS in general, as opposed to an explicit
+-- USING qual that is ordinarily a security barrier.  We leave it up to the
+-- UPDATE to make this fail:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
+-- UPDATE path is taken here.  Existing tuple passes, since its cid
+-- corresponds to "novel", but default USING qual is enforced against
+-- post-UPDATE tuple too (as always when updating with a policy that lacks an
+-- explicit WCO), and so this fails:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET cid = EXCLUDED.cid, dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p3_with_default ON document;
+--
+-- Test ALL policies with ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE (much the same as existing UPDATE
+-- tests)
+--
+CREATE POLICY p3_with_all ON document FOR ALL
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'))
+  WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Fails, since ALL WCO is enforced in insert path:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (80, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
+-- Fails, since ALL policy USING qual is enforced (existing, target tuple is in
+-- violation, since it has the "manga" cid):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (4, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
+-- Fails, since ALL WCO are enforced:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (1, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dauthor = 'regress_rls_carol';
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
+--
+-- MERGE
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP POLICY p3_with_all ON document;
+ALTER TABLE document ADD COLUMN dnotes text DEFAULT '';
+-- all documents are readable
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT USING (true);
+-- one may insert documents only authored by them
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON document FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+-- one may only update documents in 'novel' category and new dlevel must be > 0
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON document FOR UPDATE
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'))
+  WITH CHECK (dlevel > 0);
+-- one may only delete documents in 'manga' category
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON document FOR DELETE
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'manga'));
+SELECT * FROM document;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |              dtitle              | dnotes 
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------------+--------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel                   | 
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction               | 
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga                   | 
+   5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga                  | 
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction            | 
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book            | 
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga                      | 
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction          | 
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book          | 
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge                             | 
+  33 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | okay science fiction             | 
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel                   | 
+  78 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | some technology novel            | 
+  79 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | technology book, can only insert | 
+(14 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Fails, since update violates WITH CHECK qual on dlevel
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge1 ', dlevel = 0;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
+-- Should be OK since USING and WITH CHECK quals pass
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge2 ';
+-- Even when dlevel is updated explicitly, but to the existing value
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge3 ', dlevel = 1;
+-- There is a MATCH for did = 3, but UPDATE's USING qual does not allow
+-- updating an item in category 'science fiction'
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 3 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge ';
+ERROR:  target row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
+-- The same thing with DELETE action, but fails again because no permissions
+-- to delete items in 'science fiction' category that did 3 belongs to.
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 3 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+ERROR:  target row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
+-- Document with did 4 belongs to 'manga' category which is allowed for
+-- deletion. But this fails because the UPDATE action is matched first and
+-- UPDATE policy does not allow updation in the category.
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes = '' THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+ERROR:  target row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
+-- UPDATE action is not matched this time because of the WHEN qual.
+-- DELETE still fails because role regress_rls_bob does not have SELECT
+-- privileges on 'manga' category row in the category table.
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+ERROR:  target row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
+-- OK if DELETE is replaced with DO NOTHING
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DO NOTHING;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 4;
+ did | cid | dlevel |     dauthor     |     dtitle     | dnotes 
+-----+-----+--------+-----------------+----------------+--------
+   4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- Switch to regress_rls_carol role and try the DELETE again. It should succeed
+-- this time
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+-- Switch back to regress_rls_bob role
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Try INSERT action. This fails because we are trying to insert
+-- dauthor = regress_rls_dave and INSERT's WITH CHECK does not allow
+-- that
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 12 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'another novel');
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
+-- This should be fine
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 12 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
+-- ok
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge4 '
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
+-- drop and create a new SELECT policy which prevents us from reading
+-- any document except with category 'novel'
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'));
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- MERGE can no longer see the matching row and hence attempts the
+-- NOT MATCHED action, which results in unique key violation
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 7 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge5 '
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "document_pkey"
+-- UPDATE action fails if new row is not visible
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge6 ',
+			   cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology');
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
+-- but OK if new row is visible
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge7 ',
+			   cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel');
+-- OK to insert a new row that is not visible
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 13 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge8 '
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (13, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'new manga');
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+-- drop the restrictive SELECT policy so that we can look at the
+-- final state of the table
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+-- Just check everything went per plan
+SELECT * FROM document;
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |              dtitle              |                                            dnotes                                            
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction               | 
+   5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga                  | 
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction            | 
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book            | 
+   8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga                      | 
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome science fiction          | 
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awesome technology book          | 
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge                             | 
+  33 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | okay science fiction             | 
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel                   | 
+  78 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | some technology novel            | 
+  79 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | technology book, can only insert | 
+  12 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | another novel                    | 
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel                   |  notes added by merge2  notes added by merge3  notes added by merge4  notes added by merge7 
+  13 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | new manga                        | 
+(15 rows)
+
+--
+-- ROLE/GROUP
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE z1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE z2 (a int, b text);
+GRANT SELECT ON z1,z2 TO regress_rls_group1, regress_rls_group2,
+    regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_carol;
+INSERT INTO z1 VALUES
+    (1, 'aba'),
+    (2, 'bbb'),
+    (3, 'ccc'),
+    (4, 'dad');
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON z1 TO regress_rls_group1 USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON z1 TO regress_rls_group2 USING (a % 2 = 1);
+ALTER TABLE z1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | bbb
+ 4 | dad
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+PREPARE plancache_test AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+PREPARE plancache_test2 AS WITH q AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM q,z2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   CTE q
+     ->  Seq Scan on z1
+           Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+   ->  CTE Scan on q
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on z2
+(7 rows)
+
+PREPARE plancache_test3 AS WITH q AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM z2) SELECT * FROM q,z1 WHERE f_leak(z1.b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   CTE q
+     ->  Seq Scan on z2
+   ->  CTE Scan on q
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on z1
+               Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(7 rows)
+
+SET ROLE regress_rls_group1;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | bbb
+ 4 | dad
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   CTE q
+     ->  Seq Scan on z1
+           Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+   ->  CTE Scan on q
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on z2
+(7 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   CTE q
+     ->  Seq Scan on z2
+   ->  CTE Scan on q
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on z1
+               Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(7 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+NOTICE:  f_leak => ccc
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | aba
+ 3 | ccc
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   CTE q
+     ->  Seq Scan on z1
+           Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+   ->  CTE Scan on q
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on z2
+(7 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   CTE q
+     ->  Seq Scan on z2
+   ->  CTE Scan on q
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on z1
+               Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+(7 rows)
+
+SET ROLE regress_rls_group2;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+NOTICE:  f_leak => ccc
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | aba
+ 3 | ccc
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   CTE q
+     ->  Seq Scan on z1
+           Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+   ->  CTE Scan on q
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on z2
+(7 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   CTE q
+     ->  Seq Scan on z2
+   ->  CTE Scan on q
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Seq Scan on z1
+               Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- Views should follow policy for view owner.
+--
+-- View and Table owner are the same.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_bob;
+-- Query as role that is not owner of view or table.  Should return all records.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => ccc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | aba
+ 2 | bbb
+ 3 | ccc
+ 4 | dad
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+     QUERY PLAN      
+---------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: f_leak(b)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Query as view/table owner.  Should return all records.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => ccc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | aba
+ 2 | bbb
+ 3 | ccc
+ 4 | dad
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+     QUERY PLAN      
+---------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: f_leak(b)
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+-- View and Table owners are different.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_alice;
+-- Query as role that is not owner of view but is owner of table.
+-- Should return records based on view owner policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | bbb
+ 4 | dad
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view.
+-- Should return records based on view owner policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | bbb
+ 4 | dad
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rls_view
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rls_view
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_carol;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | bbb
+ 4 | dad
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Policy requiring access to another table.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE z1_blacklist (a int);
+INSERT INTO z1_blacklist VALUES (3), (4);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON z1 AS RESTRICTIVE USING (a NOT IN (SELECT a FROM z1_blacklist));
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table z1_blacklist
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table z1_blacklist
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table z1_blacklist
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table z1_blacklist
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON z1_blacklist TO regress_rls_bob;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: ((NOT (hashed SubPlan 1)) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Seq Scan on z1_blacklist
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: ((NOT (hashed SubPlan 1)) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Seq Scan on z1_blacklist
+(4 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+REVOKE SELECT ON z1_blacklist FROM regress_rls_bob;
+DROP POLICY p3 ON z1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+--
+-- Security invoker views should follow policy for current user.
+--
+-- View and table owner are the same.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view WITH (security_invoker) AS
+    SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_carol;
+-- Query as table owner.  Should return all records.
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => ccc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | aba
+ 2 | bbb
+ 3 | ccc
+ 4 | dad
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+     QUERY PLAN      
+---------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: f_leak(b)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Queries as other users.
+-- Should return records based on current user's policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | bbb
+ 4 | dad
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+NOTICE:  f_leak => ccc
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | aba
+ 3 | ccc
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+-- View and table owners are different.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view WITH (security_invoker) AS
+    SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_carol;
+-- Query as table owner.  Should return all records.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => ccc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | aba
+ 2 | bbb
+ 3 | ccc
+ 4 | dad
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+     QUERY PLAN      
+---------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: f_leak(b)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Queries as other users.
+-- Should return records based on current user's policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+NOTICE:  f_leak => dad
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | bbb
+ 4 | dad
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+NOTICE:  f_leak => ccc
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | aba
+ 3 | ccc
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: (((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Policy requiring access to another table.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON z1 AS RESTRICTIVE USING (a NOT IN (SELECT a FROM z1_blacklist));
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table z1_blacklist
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table z1_blacklist
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table z1_blacklist
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table z1_blacklist
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON z1_blacklist TO regress_rls_bob;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bbb
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 2 | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: ((NOT (hashed SubPlan 1)) AND ((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Seq Scan on z1_blacklist
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table z1_blacklist
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table z1_blacklist
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON z1_blacklist TO regress_rls_carol;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aba
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | aba
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on z1
+   Filter: ((NOT (hashed SubPlan 1)) AND ((a % 2) = 1) AND f_leak(b))
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Seq Scan on z1_blacklist
+(4 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+--
+-- Command specific
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE x1 (a int, b text, c text);
+GRANT ALL ON x1 TO PUBLIC;
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+    (1, 'abc', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (2, 'bcd', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (3, 'cde', 'regress_rls_carol'),
+    (4, 'def', 'regress_rls_carol'),
+    (5, 'efg', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (6, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (7, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_carol'),
+    (8, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_carol');
+CREATE POLICY p0 ON x1 FOR ALL USING (c = current_user);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON x1 FOR SELECT USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON x1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (a % 2 = 1);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON x1 FOR UPDATE USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON x1 FOR DELETE USING (a < 8);
+ALTER TABLE x1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) ORDER BY a ASC;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def
+NOTICE:  f_leak => efg
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh
+ a |  b  |         c         
+---+-----+-------------------
+ 1 | abc | regress_rls_bob
+ 2 | bcd | regress_rls_bob
+ 4 | def | regress_rls_carol
+ 5 | efg | regress_rls_bob
+ 6 | fgh | regress_rls_bob
+ 8 | fgh | regress_rls_carol
+(6 rows)
+
+UPDATE x1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def
+NOTICE:  f_leak => efg
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh
+ a |    b     |         c         
+---+----------+-------------------
+ 1 | abc_updt | regress_rls_bob
+ 2 | bcd_updt | regress_rls_bob
+ 4 | def_updt | regress_rls_carol
+ 5 | efg_updt | regress_rls_bob
+ 6 | fgh_updt | regress_rls_bob
+ 8 | fgh_updt | regress_rls_carol
+(6 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) ORDER BY a ASC;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cde
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcd_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh_updt
+ a |    b     |         c         
+---+----------+-------------------
+ 2 | bcd_updt | regress_rls_bob
+ 3 | cde      | regress_rls_carol
+ 4 | def_updt | regress_rls_carol
+ 6 | fgh_updt | regress_rls_bob
+ 7 | fgh      | regress_rls_carol
+ 8 | fgh_updt | regress_rls_carol
+(6 rows)
+
+UPDATE x1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cde
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcd_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh_updt
+ a |       b       |         c         
+---+---------------+-------------------
+ 3 | cde_updt      | regress_rls_carol
+ 7 | fgh_updt      | regress_rls_carol
+ 2 | bcd_updt_updt | regress_rls_bob
+ 4 | def_updt_updt | regress_rls_carol
+ 6 | fgh_updt_updt | regress_rls_bob
+ 8 | fgh_updt_updt | regress_rls_carol
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cde_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => bcd_updt_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def_updt_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh_updt_updt
+NOTICE:  f_leak => fgh_updt_updt
+ a |       b       |         c         
+---+---------------+-------------------
+ 3 | cde_updt      | regress_rls_carol
+ 7 | fgh_updt      | regress_rls_carol
+ 2 | bcd_updt_updt | regress_rls_bob
+ 4 | def_updt_updt | regress_rls_carol
+ 6 | fgh_updt_updt | regress_rls_bob
+ 8 | fgh_updt_updt | regress_rls_carol
+(6 rows)
+
+--
+-- Duplicate Policy Names
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE y1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE y2 (a int, b text);
+GRANT ALL ON y1, y2 TO regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON y1 FOR ALL USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON y1 FOR SELECT USING (a > 2);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON y1 FOR SELECT USING (a % 2 = 1);  --fail
+ERROR:  policy "p1" for table "y1" already exists
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON y2 FOR ALL USING (a % 2 = 0);  --OK
+ALTER TABLE y1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE y2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+--
+-- Expression structure with SBV
+--
+-- Create view as table owner.  RLS should NOT be applied.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE VIEW rls_sbv WITH (security_barrier) AS
+    SELECT * FROM y1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_sbv WHERE (a = 1);
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on y1
+   Filter: (f_leak(b) AND (a = 1))
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW rls_sbv;
+-- Create view as role that does not own table.  RLS should be applied.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rls_sbv WITH (security_barrier) AS
+    SELECT * FROM y1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_sbv WHERE (a = 1);
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on y1
+   Filter: ((a = 1) AND ((a > 2) OR ((a % 2) = 0)) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW rls_sbv;
+--
+-- Expression structure
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+INSERT INTO y2 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,20) x);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON y2 USING (a % 3 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON y2 USING (a % 4 = 0);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+NOTICE:  f_leak => eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3
+NOTICE:  f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26
+NOTICE:  f_leak => d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+ a  |                b                 
+----+----------------------------------
+  0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+  2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+  3 | eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3
+  4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+  6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+  8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+  9 | 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26
+ 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+ 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+ 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+ 15 | 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3
+ 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+ 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+ 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+(14 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak(b);
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on y2
+   Filter: ((((a % 4) = 0) OR ((a % 3) = 0) OR ((a % 2) = 0)) AND f_leak(b))
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Qual push-down of leaky functions, when not referring to table
+--
+SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak('abc');
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+ a  |                b                 
+----+----------------------------------
+  0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+  2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+  3 | eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3
+  4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+  6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+  8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+  9 | 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26
+ 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+ 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+ 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+ 15 | 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3
+ 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+ 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+ 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+(14 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak('abc');
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on y2
+   Filter: (f_leak('abc'::text) AND (((a % 4) = 0) OR ((a % 3) = 0) OR ((a % 2) = 0)))
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE test_qual_pushdown (
+    abc text
+);
+INSERT INTO test_qual_pushdown VALUES ('abc'),('def');
+SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(abc);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => abc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => def
+ a | b | abc 
+---+---+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(abc);
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (test_qual_pushdown.abc = y2.b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on test_qual_pushdown
+         Filter: f_leak(abc)
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on y2
+               Filter: (((a % 4) = 0) OR ((a % 3) = 0) OR ((a % 2) = 0))
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(b);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+NOTICE:  f_leak => eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3
+NOTICE:  f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26
+NOTICE:  f_leak => d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+ a | b | abc 
+---+---+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(b);
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (test_qual_pushdown.abc = y2.b)
+   ->  Seq Scan on test_qual_pushdown
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on y2
+               Filter: ((((a % 4) = 0) OR ((a % 3) = 0) OR ((a % 2) = 0)) AND f_leak(b))
+(6 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE test_qual_pushdown;
+--
+-- Plancache invalidate on user change.
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE t1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table t2
+drop cascades to table t3
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a integer);
+GRANT SELECT ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_carol;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob USING ((a % 2) = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON t1 TO regress_rls_carol USING ((a % 4) = 0);
+ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- Prepare as regress_rls_bob
+SET ROLE regress_rls_bob;
+PREPARE role_inval AS SELECT * FROM t1;
+-- Check plan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval;
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ Seq Scan on t1
+   Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Change to regress_rls_carol
+SET ROLE regress_rls_carol;
+-- Check plan- should be different
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval;
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ Seq Scan on t1
+   Filter: ((a % 4) = 0)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Change back to regress_rls_bob
+SET ROLE regress_rls_bob;
+-- Check plan- should be back to original
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval;
+       QUERY PLAN        
+-------------------------
+ Seq Scan on t1
+   Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- CTE and RLS
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE t1 CASCADE;
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a integer, b text);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 USING (a % 2 = 0);
+ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT ALL ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob;
+INSERT INTO t1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,20) x);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+WITH cte1 AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM cte1;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+NOTICE:  f_leak => a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+NOTICE:  f_leak => d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+NOTICE:  f_leak => aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+NOTICE:  f_leak => c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+ a  |                b                 
+----+----------------------------------
+  0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+  2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+  4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+  6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+  8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+ 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+ 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+ 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+ 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+ 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+ 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+(11 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+WITH cte1 AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM cte1;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ CTE Scan on cte1
+   CTE cte1
+     ->  Seq Scan on t1
+           Filter: (((a % 2) = 0) AND f_leak(b))
+(4 rows)
+
+WITH cte1 AS (UPDATE t1 SET a = a + 1 RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --fail
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "t1"
+WITH cte1 AS (UPDATE t1 SET a = a RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --ok
+ a  |                b                 
+----+----------------------------------
+  0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+  2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+  4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+  6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+  8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+ 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+ 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+ 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+ 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+ 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+ 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+(11 rows)
+
+WITH cte1 AS (INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (21, 'Fail') RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --fail
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "t1"
+WITH cte1 AS (INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (20, 'Success') RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --ok
+ a  |    b    
+----+---------
+ 20 | Success
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Rename Policy
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON t1 RENAME TO p1; --fail
+ERROR:  policy "p1" for table "t1" already exists
+SELECT polname, relname
+    FROM pg_policy pol
+    JOIN pg_class pc ON (pc.oid = pol.polrelid)
+    WHERE relname = 't1';
+ polname | relname 
+---------+---------
+ p1      | t1
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON t1 RENAME TO p2; --ok
+SELECT polname, relname
+    FROM pg_policy pol
+    JOIN pg_class pc ON (pc.oid = pol.polrelid)
+    WHERE relname = 't1';
+ polname | relname 
+---------+---------
+ p2      | t1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check INSERT SELECT
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE TABLE t2 (a integer, b text);
+INSERT INTO t2 (SELECT * FROM t1);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) INSERT INTO t2 (SELECT * FROM t1);
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ Insert on t2
+   ->  Seq Scan on t1
+         Filter: ((a % 2) = 0)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM t2;
+ a  |                b                 
+----+----------------------------------
+  0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+  2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+  4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+  6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+  8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+ 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+ 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+ 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+ 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+ 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+ 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+ 20 | Success
+(12 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t2;
+   QUERY PLAN   
+----------------
+ Seq Scan on t2
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE t3 AS SELECT * FROM t1;
+SELECT * FROM t3;
+ a  |                b                 
+----+----------------------------------
+  0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+  2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+  4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+  6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+  8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+ 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+ 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+ 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+ 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+ 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+ 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+ 20 | Success
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT * INTO t4 FROM t1;
+SELECT * FROM t4;
+ a  |                b                 
+----+----------------------------------
+  0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+  2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+  4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+  6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+  8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+ 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+ 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+ 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+ 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+ 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+ 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+ 20 | Success
+(12 rows)
+
+--
+-- RLS with JOIN
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE blog (id integer, author text, post text);
+CREATE TABLE comment (blog_id integer, message text);
+GRANT ALL ON blog, comment TO regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE POLICY blog_1 ON blog USING (id % 2 = 0);
+ALTER TABLE blog ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+INSERT INTO blog VALUES
+    (1, 'alice', 'blog #1'),
+    (2, 'bob', 'blog #1'),
+    (3, 'alice', 'blog #2'),
+    (4, 'alice', 'blog #3'),
+    (5, 'john', 'blog #1');
+INSERT INTO comment VALUES
+    (1, 'cool blog'),
+    (1, 'fun blog'),
+    (3, 'crazy blog'),
+    (5, 'what?'),
+    (4, 'insane!'),
+    (2, 'who did it?');
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Check RLS JOIN with Non-RLS.
+SELECT id, author, message FROM blog JOIN comment ON id = blog_id;
+ id | author |   message   
+----+--------+-------------
+  4 | alice  | insane!
+  2 | bob    | who did it?
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Check Non-RLS JOIN with RLS.
+SELECT id, author, message FROM comment JOIN blog ON id = blog_id;
+ id | author |   message   
+----+--------+-------------
+  4 | alice  | insane!
+  2 | bob    | who did it?
+(2 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY comment_1 ON comment USING (blog_id < 4);
+ALTER TABLE comment ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Check RLS JOIN RLS
+SELECT id, author, message FROM blog JOIN comment ON id = blog_id;
+ id | author |   message   
+----+--------+-------------
+  2 | bob    | who did it?
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT id, author, message FROM comment JOIN blog ON id = blog_id;
+ id | author |   message   
+----+--------+-------------
+  2 | bob    | who did it?
+(1 row)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP TABLE blog, comment;
+--
+-- Default Deny Policy
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP POLICY p2 ON t1;
+ALTER TABLE t1 OWNER TO regress_rls_alice;
+-- Check that default deny does not apply to superuser.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+ a  |                b                 
+----+----------------------------------
+  1 | c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+  3 | eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3
+  5 | e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5
+  7 | 8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543
+  9 | 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26
+ 11 | 6512bd43d9caa6e02c990b0a82652dca
+ 13 | c51ce410c124a10e0db5e4b97fc2af39
+ 15 | 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3
+ 17 | 70efdf2ec9b086079795c442636b55fb
+ 19 | 1f0e3dad99908345f7439f8ffabdffc4
+  0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+  2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+  4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+  6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+  8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+ 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+ 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+ 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+ 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+ 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+ 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+ 20 | Success
+(22 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+   QUERY PLAN   
+----------------
+ Seq Scan on t1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check that default deny does not apply to table owner.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+ a  |                b                 
+----+----------------------------------
+  1 | c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+  3 | eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3
+  5 | e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5
+  7 | 8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543
+  9 | 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26
+ 11 | 6512bd43d9caa6e02c990b0a82652dca
+ 13 | c51ce410c124a10e0db5e4b97fc2af39
+ 15 | 9bf31c7ff062936a96d3c8bd1f8f2ff3
+ 17 | 70efdf2ec9b086079795c442636b55fb
+ 19 | 1f0e3dad99908345f7439f8ffabdffc4
+  0 | cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+  2 | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+  4 | a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+  6 | 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+  8 | c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+ 10 | d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+ 12 | c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710
+ 14 | aab3238922bcc25a6f606eb525ffdc56
+ 16 | c74d97b01eae257e44aa9d5bade97baf
+ 18 | 6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23
+ 20 | 98f13708210194c475687be6106a3b84
+ 20 | Success
+(22 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+   QUERY PLAN   
+----------------
+ Seq Scan on t1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check that default deny applies to non-owner/non-superuser when RLS on.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- COPY TO/FROM
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE copy_t CASCADE;
+ERROR:  table "copy_t" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE copy_t (a integer, b text);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON copy_t USING (a % 2 = 0);
+ALTER TABLE copy_t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT ALL ON copy_t TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_exempt_user;
+INSERT INTO copy_t (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,10) x);
+-- Check COPY TO as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+0,cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+2,c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+3,eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3
+4,a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+5,e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5
+6,1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+7,8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543
+8,c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+9,45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26
+10,d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+0,cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+2,c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+3,eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3
+4,a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+5,e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5
+6,1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+7,8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543
+8,c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+9,45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26
+10,d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+ERROR:  query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "copy_t"
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+0,cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+2,c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+4,a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+6,1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+8,c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+10,d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+0,cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+2,c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+3,eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3
+4,a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+5,e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5
+6,1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+7,8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543
+8,c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+9,45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26
+10,d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+0,cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+2,c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c
+3,eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3
+4,a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c
+5,e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5
+6,1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc
+7,8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543
+8,c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d
+9,45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26
+10,d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820
+-- Check COPY TO as user without permissions. SET row_security TO OFF;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+ERROR:  query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "copy_t"
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for table copy_t
+-- Check COPY relation TO; keep it just one row to avoid reordering issues
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+CREATE TABLE copy_rel_to (a integer, b text);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON copy_rel_to USING (a % 2 = 0);
+ALTER TABLE copy_rel_to ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT ALL ON copy_rel_to TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_exempt_user;
+INSERT INTO copy_rel_to VALUES (1, md5('1'));
+-- Check COPY TO as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+ERROR:  query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "copy_rel_to"
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+-- Check COPY TO as user without permissions. SET row_security TO OFF;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for table copy_rel_to
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for table copy_rel_to
+-- Check behavior with a child table.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+CREATE TABLE copy_rel_to_child () INHERITS (copy_rel_to);
+INSERT INTO copy_rel_to_child VALUES (1, 'one'), (2, 'two');
+-- Check COPY TO as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+ERROR:  query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "copy_rel_to"
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+1,c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
+-- Check COPY TO as user without permissions. SET row_security TO OFF;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for table copy_rel_to
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for table copy_rel_to
+-- Check COPY FROM as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok
+-- Check COPY FROM as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - would be affected by RLS.
+ERROR:  query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "copy_t"
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - COPY FROM not supported by RLS.
+ERROR:  COPY FROM not supported with row-level security
+HINT:  Use INSERT statements instead.
+-- Check COPY FROM as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok
+-- Check COPY FROM as user without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table copy_t
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - permission denied.
+ERROR:  permission denied for table copy_t
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE copy_t;
+DROP TABLE copy_rel_to CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table copy_rel_to_child
+-- Check WHERE CURRENT OF
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE current_check (currentid int, payload text, rlsuser text);
+GRANT ALL ON current_check TO PUBLIC;
+INSERT INTO current_check VALUES
+    (1, 'abc', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (2, 'bcd', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (3, 'cde', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (4, 'def', 'regress_rls_bob');
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON current_check FOR SELECT USING (currentid % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON current_check FOR DELETE USING (currentid = 4 AND rlsuser = current_user);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON current_check FOR UPDATE USING (currentid = 4) WITH CHECK (rlsuser = current_user);
+ALTER TABLE current_check ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Can SELECT even rows
+SELECT * FROM current_check;
+ currentid | payload |     rlsuser     
+-----------+---------+-----------------
+         2 | bcd     | regress_rls_bob
+         4 | def     | regress_rls_bob
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Cannot UPDATE row 2
+UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE currentid = 2 RETURNING *;
+ currentid | payload | rlsuser 
+-----------+---------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE current_check_cursor SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM current_check;
+-- Returns rows that can be seen according to SELECT policy, like plain SELECT
+-- above (even rows)
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+ currentid | payload |     rlsuser     
+-----------+---------+-----------------
+         2 | bcd     | regress_rls_bob
+(1 row)
+
+-- Still cannot UPDATE row 2 through cursor
+UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+ currentid | payload | rlsuser 
+-----------+---------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Can update row 4 through cursor, which is the next visible row
+FETCH RELATIVE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+ currentid | payload |     rlsuser     
+-----------+---------+-----------------
+         4 | def     | regress_rls_bob
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+ currentid | payload |     rlsuser     
+-----------+---------+-----------------
+         4 | def_new | regress_rls_bob
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM current_check;
+ currentid | payload |     rlsuser     
+-----------+---------+-----------------
+         2 | bcd     | regress_rls_bob
+         4 | def_new | regress_rls_bob
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Plan should be a subquery TID scan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on current_check
+   ->  Tid Scan on current_check
+         TID Cond: CURRENT OF current_check_cursor
+         Filter: ((currentid = 4) AND ((currentid % 2) = 0))
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Similarly can only delete row 4
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+ currentid | payload |     rlsuser     
+-----------+---------+-----------------
+         2 | bcd     | regress_rls_bob
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+ currentid | payload | rlsuser 
+-----------+---------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+FETCH RELATIVE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+ currentid | payload |     rlsuser     
+-----------+---------+-----------------
+         4 | def     | regress_rls_bob
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+ currentid | payload |     rlsuser     
+-----------+---------+-----------------
+         4 | def_new | regress_rls_bob
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM current_check;
+ currentid | payload |     rlsuser     
+-----------+---------+-----------------
+         2 | bcd     | regress_rls_bob
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+--
+-- check pg_stats view filtering
+--
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ANALYZE current_check;
+-- Stats visible
+SELECT row_security_active('current_check');
+ row_security_active 
+---------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT attname, most_common_vals FROM pg_stats
+  WHERE tablename = 'current_check'
+  ORDER BY 1;
+  attname  | most_common_vals  
+-----------+-------------------
+ currentid | 
+ payload   | 
+ rlsuser   | {regress_rls_bob}
+(3 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Stats not visible
+SELECT row_security_active('current_check');
+ row_security_active 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT attname, most_common_vals FROM pg_stats
+  WHERE tablename = 'current_check'
+  ORDER BY 1;
+ attname | most_common_vals 
+---------+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- Collation support
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE coll_t (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text);
+CREATE POLICY coll_p ON coll_t USING (c < ('foo'::text COLLATE "C"));
+ALTER TABLE coll_t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT SELECT ON coll_t TO regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT (string_to_array(polqual, ':'))[7] AS inputcollid FROM pg_policy WHERE polrelid = 'coll_t'::regclass;
+   inputcollid    
+------------------
+ inputcollid 950 
+(1 row)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM coll_t;
+  c  
+-----
+ bar
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+--
+-- Shared Object Dependencies
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_eve;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_frank;
+CREATE TABLE tbl1 (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text);
+GRANT SELECT ON TABLE tbl1 TO regress_rls_eve;
+CREATE POLICY P ON tbl1 TO regress_rls_eve, regress_rls_frank USING (true);
+SELECT refclassid::regclass, deptype
+  FROM pg_depend
+  WHERE classid = 'pg_policy'::regclass
+  AND refobjid = 'tbl1'::regclass;
+ refclassid | deptype 
+------------+---------
+ pg_class   | a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT refclassid::regclass, deptype
+  FROM pg_shdepend
+  WHERE classid = 'pg_policy'::regclass
+  AND refobjid IN ('regress_rls_eve'::regrole, 'regress_rls_frank'::regrole);
+ refclassid | deptype 
+------------+---------
+ pg_authid  | r
+ pg_authid  | r
+(2 rows)
+
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --fails due to dependency on POLICY p
+ERROR:  role "regress_rls_eve" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  privileges for table tbl1
+target of policy p on table tbl1
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+ALTER POLICY p ON tbl1 TO regress_rls_frank USING (true);
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --fails due to dependency on GRANT SELECT
+ERROR:  role "regress_rls_eve" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  privileges for table tbl1
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+REVOKE ALL ON TABLE tbl1 FROM regress_rls_eve;
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --succeeds
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_frank; --fails due to dependency on POLICY p
+ERROR:  role "regress_rls_frank" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  target of policy p on table tbl1
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+DROP POLICY p ON tbl1;
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_frank; -- succeeds
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+ROLLBACK; -- cleanup
+--
+-- Converting table to view
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE t (c int);
+CREATE POLICY p ON t USING (c % 2 = 1);
+ALTER TABLE t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SAVEPOINT q;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD
+  SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- fails due to row-level security enabled
+ERROR:  could not convert table "t" to a view because it has row security enabled
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+ALTER TABLE t DISABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SAVEPOINT q;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD
+  SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- fails due to policy p on t
+ERROR:  could not convert table "t" to a view because it has row security policies
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+DROP POLICY p ON t;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD
+  SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- succeeds
+ROLLBACK;
+--
+-- Policy expression handling
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE t (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text);
+CREATE POLICY p ON t USING (max(c)); -- fails: aggregate functions are not allowed in policy expressions
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in policy expressions
+ROLLBACK;
+--
+-- Non-target relations are only subject to SELECT policies
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+GRANT ALL ON r1, r2 TO regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (true);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 FOR SELECT USING (true);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON r2 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (false);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON r2 FOR UPDATE USING (false);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON r2 FOR DELETE USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM r1;
+ a  
+----
+ 10
+ 20
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM r2;
+ a  
+----
+ 10
+ 20
+(2 rows)
+
+-- r2 is read-only
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (2); -- Not allowed
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "r2"
+UPDATE r2 SET a = 2 RETURNING *; -- Updates nothing
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM r2 RETURNING *; -- Deletes nothing
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- r2 can be used as a non-target relation in DML
+INSERT INTO r1 SELECT a + 1 FROM r2 RETURNING *; -- OK
+ a  
+----
+ 11
+ 21
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE r1 SET a = r2.a + 2 FROM r2 WHERE r1.a = r2.a RETURNING *; -- OK
+ a  | a  
+----+----
+ 12 | 10
+ 22 | 20
+(2 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM r1 USING r2 WHERE r1.a = r2.a + 2 RETURNING *; -- OK
+ a  | a  
+----+----
+ 12 | 10
+ 22 | 20
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM r1;
+ a  
+----
+ 11
+ 21
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM r2;
+ a  
+----
+ 10
+ 20
+(2 rows)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+DROP TABLE r2;
+--
+-- FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY applies RLS to owners too
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- No error, but no rows
+TABLE r1;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- RLS error
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (1);
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1"
+-- No error (unable to see any rows to update)
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 1;
+TABLE r1;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- No error (unable to see any rows to delete)
+DELETE FROM r1;
+TABLE r1;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SET row_security = off;
+-- these all fail, would be affected by RLS
+TABLE r1;
+ERROR:  query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "r1"
+HINT:  To disable the policy for the table's owner, use ALTER TABLE NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY.
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 1;
+ERROR:  query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "r1"
+HINT:  To disable the policy for the table's owner, use ALTER TABLE NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY.
+DELETE FROM r1;
+ERROR:  query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "r1"
+HINT:  To disable the policy for the table's owner, use ALTER TABLE NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY.
+DROP TABLE r1;
+--
+-- FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY does not break RI
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+-- Create policies on r2 which prevent the
+-- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should
+-- still see them.
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- Errors due to rows in r2
+DELETE FROM r1;
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "r1" violates foreign key constraint "r2_a_fkey" on table "r2"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(10) is still referenced from table "r2".
+-- Reset r2 to no-RLS
+DROP POLICY p1 ON r2;
+ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 DISABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- clean out r2 for INSERT test below
+DELETE FROM r2;
+-- Change r1 to not allow rows to be seen
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- No rows seen
+TABLE r1;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- No error, RI still sees that row exists in r1
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10);
+DROP TABLE r2;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+-- Ensure cascaded DELETE works
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1 ON DELETE CASCADE);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+-- Create policies on r2 which prevent the
+-- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should
+-- still see them.
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- Deletes all records from both
+DELETE FROM r1;
+-- Remove FORCE from r2
+ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- As owner, we now bypass RLS
+-- verify no rows in r2 now
+TABLE r2;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE r2;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+-- Ensure cascaded UPDATE works
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1 ON UPDATE CASCADE);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+-- Create policies on r2 which prevent the
+-- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should
+-- still see them.
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- Updates records in both
+UPDATE r1 SET a = a+5;
+-- Remove FORCE from r2
+ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- As owner, we now bypass RLS
+-- verify records in r2 updated
+TABLE r2;
+ a  
+----
+ 15
+ 25
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE r2;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+--
+-- Test INSERT+RETURNING applies SELECT policies as
+-- WithCheckOptions (meaning an error is thrown)
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 FOR SELECT USING (false);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON r1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (true);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- Works fine
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+-- No error, but no rows
+TABLE r1;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SET row_security = off;
+-- fail, would be affected by RLS
+TABLE r1;
+ERROR:  query would be affected by row-level security policy for table "r1"
+HINT:  To disable the policy for the table's owner, use ALTER TABLE NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY.
+SET row_security = on;
+-- Error
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20) RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1"
+DROP TABLE r1;
+--
+-- Test UPDATE+RETURNING applies SELECT policies as
+-- WithCheckOptions (meaning an error is thrown)
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 FOR SELECT USING (a < 20);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON r1 FOR UPDATE USING (a < 20) WITH CHECK (true);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON r1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (true);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- Works fine
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 30;
+-- Show updated rows
+ALTER TABLE r1 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+TABLE r1;
+ a  
+----
+ 30
+(1 row)
+
+-- reset value in r1 for test with RETURNING
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 10;
+-- Verify row reset
+TABLE r1;
+ a  
+----
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+-- Error
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 30 RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1"
+-- UPDATE path of INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE should also error out
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10)
+    ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE SET a = 30 RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1"
+-- Should still error out without RETURNING (use of arbiter always requires
+-- SELECT permissions)
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10)
+    ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE SET a = 30;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1"
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10)
+    ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT r1_pkey DO UPDATE SET a = 30;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "r1"
+DROP TABLE r1;
+-- Check dependency handling
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE TABLE dep1 (c1 int);
+CREATE TABLE dep2 (c1 int);
+CREATE POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 TO regress_rls_bob USING (c1 > (select max(dep2.c1) from dep2));
+ALTER POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 TO regress_rls_bob,regress_rls_carol;
+-- Should return one
+SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_depend
+				   WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+					 AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'dep2');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 USING (true);
+-- Should return one
+SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_shdepend
+				   WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+					 AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_rls_bob');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Should return one
+SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_shdepend
+				   WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+					 AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_rls_carol');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Should return zero
+SELECT count(*) = 0 FROM pg_depend
+				   WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+					 AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'dep2');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- DROP OWNED BY testing
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_dob_role1;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_dob_role2;
+CREATE TABLE dob_t1 (c1 int);
+CREATE TABLE dob_t2 (c1 int) PARTITION BY RANGE (c1);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should fail, already gone
+ERROR:  policy "p1" for table "dob_t1" does not exist
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should succeed
+-- same cases with duplicate polroles entries
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role1 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should fail, already gone
+ERROR:  policy "p1" for table "dob_t1" does not exist
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should succeed
+-- partitioned target
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t2 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t2; -- should succeed
+DROP USER regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP USER regress_rls_dob_role2;
+-- Bug #15708: view + table with RLS should check policies as view owner
+CREATE TABLE ref_tbl (a int);
+INSERT INTO ref_tbl VALUES (1);
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int);
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl VALUES (10);
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM ref_tbl));
+GRANT SELECT ON ref_tbl TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_tbl TO regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM rls_tbl;
+ALTER VIEW rls_view OWNER TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_alice;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM ref_tbl; -- Permission denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for table ref_tbl
+SELECT * FROM rls_tbl; -- Permission denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for table rls_tbl
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; -- OK
+ a  
+----
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+DROP TABLE rls_tbl;
+DROP TABLE ref_tbl;
+-- Leaky operator test
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int);
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl SELECT x/10 FROM generate_series(1, 100) x;
+ANALYZE rls_tbl;
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_tbl TO regress_rls_alice;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE FUNCTION op_leak(int, int) RETURNS bool
+    AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''op_leak => %, %'', $1, $2; RETURN $1 < $2; END'
+    LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE OPERATOR <<< (procedure = op_leak, leftarg = int, rightarg = int,
+                     restrict = scalarltsel);
+SELECT * FROM rls_tbl WHERE a <<< 1000;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP OPERATOR <<< (int, int);
+DROP FUNCTION op_leak(int, int);
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE rls_tbl;
+-- Bug #16006: whole-row Vars in a policy don't play nice with sub-selects
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int, b int, c int);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (rls_tbl >= ROW(1,1,1));
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl SELECT 10, 20, 30;
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl
+  SELECT * FROM (SELECT b, c FROM rls_tbl ORDER BY a) ss;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on regress_rls_schema.rls_tbl
+   ->  Subquery Scan on ss
+         Output: ss.b, ss.c, NULL::integer
+         ->  Sort
+               Output: rls_tbl_1.b, rls_tbl_1.c, rls_tbl_1.a
+               Sort Key: rls_tbl_1.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on regress_rls_schema.rls_tbl rls_tbl_1
+                     Output: rls_tbl_1.b, rls_tbl_1.c, rls_tbl_1.a
+                     Filter: (rls_tbl_1.* >= '(1,1,1)'::record)
+(9 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl
+  SELECT * FROM (SELECT b, c FROM rls_tbl ORDER BY a) ss;
+SELECT * FROM rls_tbl;
+ a  | b  | c  
+----+----+----
+ 10 | 20 | 30
+ 20 | 30 |   
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE rls_tbl;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+-- CVE-2023-2455: inlining an SRF may introduce an RLS dependency
+create table rls_t (c text);
+insert into rls_t values ('invisible to bob');
+alter table rls_t enable row level security;
+grant select on rls_t to regress_rls_alice, regress_rls_bob;
+create policy p1 on rls_t for select to regress_rls_alice using (true);
+create policy p2 on rls_t for select to regress_rls_bob using (false);
+create function rls_f () returns setof rls_t
+  stable language sql
+  as $$ select * from rls_t $$;
+prepare q as select current_user, * from rls_f();
+set role regress_rls_alice;
+execute q;
+   current_user    |        c         
+-------------------+------------------
+ regress_rls_alice | invisible to bob
+(1 row)
+
+set role regress_rls_bob;
+execute q;
+ current_user | c 
+--------------+---
+(0 rows)
+
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP FUNCTION rls_f();
+DROP TABLE rls_t;
+--
+-- Clean up objects
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP SCHEMA regress_rls_schema CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 30 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to function f_leak(text)
+drop cascades to table uaccount
+drop cascades to table category
+drop cascades to table document
+drop cascades to table part_document
+drop cascades to table dependent
+drop cascades to table rec1
+drop cascades to table rec2
+drop cascades to view rec1v
+drop cascades to view rec2v
+drop cascades to table s1
+drop cascades to table s2
+drop cascades to view v2
+drop cascades to table b1
+drop cascades to view bv1
+drop cascades to table z1
+drop cascades to table z2
+drop cascades to table z1_blacklist
+drop cascades to table x1
+drop cascades to table y1
+drop cascades to table y2
+drop cascades to table t1
+drop cascades to table t2
+drop cascades to table t3
+drop cascades to table t4
+drop cascades to table current_check
+drop cascades to table dep1
+drop cascades to table dep2
+drop cascades to table dob_t1
+drop cascades to table dob_t2
+DROP USER regress_rls_alice;
+DROP USER regress_rls_bob;
+DROP USER regress_rls_carol;
+DROP USER regress_rls_dave;
+DROP USER regress_rls_exempt_user;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_group1;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_group2;
+-- Arrange to have a few policies left over, for testing
+-- pg_dump/pg_restore
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_rls_schema;
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (c1 int);
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (c1 > 5);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON rls_tbl FOR SELECT USING (c1 <= 3);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON rls_tbl FOR UPDATE USING (c1 <= 3) WITH CHECK (c1 > 5);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON rls_tbl FOR DELETE USING (c1 <= 3);
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl_force (c1 int);
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl_force ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl_force FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl_force USING (c1 = 5) WITH CHECK (c1 < 5);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON rls_tbl_force FOR SELECT USING (c1 = 8);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON rls_tbl_force FOR UPDATE USING (c1 = 8) WITH CHECK (c1 >= 5);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON rls_tbl_force FOR DELETE USING (c1 = 8);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rowtypes.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rowtypes.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52de8b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rowtypes.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1311 @@
+--
+-- ROWTYPES
+--
+-- Make both a standalone composite type and a table rowtype
+create type complex as (r float8, i float8);
+create temp table fullname (first text, last text);
+-- Nested composite
+create type quad as (c1 complex, c2 complex);
+-- Some simple tests of I/O conversions and row construction
+select (1.1,2.2)::complex, row((3.3,4.4),(5.5,null))::quad;
+    row    |          row           
+-----------+------------------------
+ (1.1,2.2) | ("(3.3,4.4)","(5.5,)")
+(1 row)
+
+select row('Joe', 'Blow')::fullname, '(Joe,Blow)'::fullname;
+    row     |  fullname  
+------------+------------
+ (Joe,Blow) | (Joe,Blow)
+(1 row)
+
+select '(Joe,von Blow)'::fullname, '(Joe,d''Blow)'::fullname;
+     fullname     |   fullname   
+------------------+--------------
+ (Joe,"von Blow") | (Joe,d'Blow)
+(1 row)
+
+select '(Joe,"von""Blow")'::fullname, E'(Joe,d\\\\Blow)'::fullname;
+     fullname      |    fullname     
+-------------------+-----------------
+ (Joe,"von""Blow") | (Joe,"d\\Blow")
+(1 row)
+
+select '(Joe,"Blow,Jr")'::fullname;
+    fullname     
+-----------------
+ (Joe,"Blow,Jr")
+(1 row)
+
+select '(Joe,)'::fullname;	-- ok, null 2nd column
+ fullname 
+----------
+ (Joe,)
+(1 row)
+
+select '(Joe)'::fullname;	-- bad
+ERROR:  malformed record literal: "(Joe)"
+LINE 1: select '(Joe)'::fullname;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Too few columns.
+select '(Joe,,)'::fullname;	-- bad
+ERROR:  malformed record literal: "(Joe,,)"
+LINE 1: select '(Joe,,)'::fullname;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Too many columns.
+select '[]'::fullname;          -- bad
+ERROR:  malformed record literal: "[]"
+LINE 1: select '[]'::fullname;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Missing left parenthesis.
+select ' (Joe,Blow)  '::fullname;  -- ok, extra whitespace
+  fullname  
+------------
+ (Joe,Blow)
+(1 row)
+
+select '(Joe,Blow) /'::fullname;  -- bad
+ERROR:  malformed record literal: "(Joe,Blow) /"
+LINE 1: select '(Joe,Blow) /'::fullname;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  Junk after right parenthesis.
+create temp table quadtable(f1 int, q quad);
+insert into quadtable values (1, ((3.3,4.4),(5.5,6.6)));
+insert into quadtable values (2, ((null,4.4),(5.5,6.6)));
+select * from quadtable;
+ f1 |             q             
+----+---------------------------
+  1 | ("(3.3,4.4)","(5.5,6.6)")
+  2 | ("(,4.4)","(5.5,6.6)")
+(2 rows)
+
+select f1, q.c1 from quadtable;		-- fails, q is a table reference
+ERROR:  missing FROM-clause entry for table "q"
+LINE 1: select f1, q.c1 from quadtable;
+                   ^
+select f1, (q).c1, (qq.q).c1.i from quadtable qq;
+ f1 |    c1     |  i  
+----+-----------+-----
+  1 | (3.3,4.4) | 4.4
+  2 | (,4.4)    | 4.4
+(2 rows)
+
+create temp table people (fn fullname, bd date);
+insert into people values ('(Joe,Blow)', '1984-01-10');
+select * from people;
+     fn     |     bd     
+------------+------------
+ (Joe,Blow) | 01-10-1984
+(1 row)
+
+-- at the moment this will not work due to ALTER TABLE inadequacy:
+alter table fullname add column suffix text default '';
+ERROR:  cannot alter table "fullname" because column "people.fn" uses its row type
+-- but this should work:
+alter table fullname add column suffix text default null;
+select * from people;
+     fn      |     bd     
+-------------+------------
+ (Joe,Blow,) | 01-10-1984
+(1 row)
+
+-- test insertion/updating of subfields
+update people set fn.suffix = 'Jr';
+select * from people;
+      fn       |     bd     
+---------------+------------
+ (Joe,Blow,Jr) | 01-10-1984
+(1 row)
+
+insert into quadtable (f1, q.c1.r, q.c2.i) values(44,55,66);
+update quadtable set q.c1.r = 12 where f1 = 2;
+update quadtable set q.c1 = 12;  -- error, type mismatch
+ERROR:  subfield "c1" is of type complex but expression is of type integer
+LINE 1: update quadtable set q.c1 = 12;
+                             ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+select * from quadtable;
+ f1 |             q             
+----+---------------------------
+  1 | ("(3.3,4.4)","(5.5,6.6)")
+ 44 | ("(55,)","(,66)")
+  2 | ("(12,4.4)","(5.5,6.6)")
+(3 rows)
+
+-- The object here is to ensure that toasted references inside
+-- composite values don't cause problems.  The large f1 value will
+-- be toasted inside pp, it must still work after being copied to people.
+create temp table pp (f1 text);
+insert into pp values (repeat('abcdefghijkl', 100000));
+insert into people select ('Jim', f1, null)::fullname, current_date from pp;
+select (fn).first, substr((fn).last, 1, 20), length((fn).last) from people;
+ first |        substr        | length  
+-------+----------------------+---------
+ Joe   | Blow                 |       4
+ Jim   | abcdefghijklabcdefgh | 1200000
+(2 rows)
+
+-- try an update on a toasted composite value, too
+update people set fn.first = 'Jack';
+select (fn).first, substr((fn).last, 1, 20), length((fn).last) from people;
+ first |        substr        | length  
+-------+----------------------+---------
+ Jack  | Blow                 |       4
+ Jack  | abcdefghijklabcdefgh | 1200000
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test row comparison semantics.  Prior to PG 8.2 we did this in a totally
+-- non-spec-compliant way.
+select ROW(1,2) < ROW(1,3) as true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW(1,2) < ROW(1,1) as false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW(1,2) < ROW(1,NULL) as null;
+ null 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW(1,2,3) < ROW(1,3,NULL) as true; -- the NULL is not examined
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW(11,'ABC') < ROW(11,'DEF') as true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW(11,'ABC') > ROW(11,'DEF') as false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW(12,'ABC') > ROW(11,'DEF') as true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- = and <> have different NULL-behavior than < etc
+select ROW(1,2,3) < ROW(1,NULL,4) as null;
+ null 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW(1,2,3) = ROW(1,NULL,4) as false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW(1,2,3) <> ROW(1,NULL,4) as true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- We allow operators beyond the six standard ones, if they have btree
+-- operator classes.
+select ROW('ABC','DEF') ~<=~ ROW('DEF','ABC') as true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW('ABC','DEF') ~>=~ ROW('DEF','ABC') as false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW('ABC','DEF') ~~ ROW('DEF','ABC') as fail;
+ERROR:  could not determine interpretation of row comparison operator ~~
+LINE 1: select ROW('ABC','DEF') ~~ ROW('DEF','ABC') as fail;
+                                ^
+HINT:  Row comparison operators must be associated with btree operator families.
+-- Comparisons of ROW() expressions can cope with some type mismatches
+select ROW(1,2) = ROW(1,2::int8);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW(1,2) in (ROW(3,4), ROW(1,2));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW(1,2) in (ROW(3,4), ROW(1,2::int8));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check row comparison with a subselect
+select unique1, unique2 from tenk1
+where (unique1, unique2) < any (select ten, ten from tenk1 where hundred < 3)
+      and unique1 <= 20
+order by 1;
+ unique1 | unique2 
+---------+---------
+       0 |    9998
+       1 |    2838
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Also check row comparison with an indexable condition
+explain (costs off)
+select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+where (thousand, tenthous) >= (997, 5000)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+   Index Cond: (ROW(thousand, tenthous) >= ROW(997, 5000))
+(2 rows)
+
+select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+where (thousand, tenthous) >= (997, 5000)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+ thousand | tenthous 
+----------+----------
+      997 |     5997
+      997 |     6997
+      997 |     7997
+      997 |     8997
+      997 |     9997
+      998 |      998
+      998 |     1998
+      998 |     2998
+      998 |     3998
+      998 |     4998
+      998 |     5998
+      998 |     6998
+      998 |     7998
+      998 |     8998
+      998 |     9998
+      999 |      999
+      999 |     1999
+      999 |     2999
+      999 |     3999
+      999 |     4999
+      999 |     5999
+      999 |     6999
+      999 |     7999
+      999 |     8999
+      999 |     9999
+(25 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select thousand, tenthous, four from tenk1
+where (thousand, tenthous, four) > (998, 5000, 3)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+                              QUERY PLAN                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: thousand, tenthous
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1
+         Filter: (ROW(thousand, tenthous, four) > ROW(998, 5000, 3))
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+               Index Cond: (ROW(thousand, tenthous) >= ROW(998, 5000))
+(6 rows)
+
+select thousand, tenthous, four from tenk1
+where (thousand, tenthous, four) > (998, 5000, 3)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+ thousand | tenthous | four 
+----------+----------+------
+      998 |     5998 |    2
+      998 |     6998 |    2
+      998 |     7998 |    2
+      998 |     8998 |    2
+      998 |     9998 |    2
+      999 |      999 |    3
+      999 |     1999 |    3
+      999 |     2999 |    3
+      999 |     3999 |    3
+      999 |     4999 |    3
+      999 |     5999 |    3
+      999 |     6999 |    3
+      999 |     7999 |    3
+      999 |     8999 |    3
+      999 |     9999 |    3
+(15 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+where (998, 5000) < (thousand, tenthous)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+   Index Cond: (ROW(thousand, tenthous) > ROW(998, 5000))
+(2 rows)
+
+select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+where (998, 5000) < (thousand, tenthous)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+ thousand | tenthous 
+----------+----------
+      998 |     5998
+      998 |     6998
+      998 |     7998
+      998 |     8998
+      998 |     9998
+      999 |      999
+      999 |     1999
+      999 |     2999
+      999 |     3999
+      999 |     4999
+      999 |     5999
+      999 |     6999
+      999 |     7999
+      999 |     8999
+      999 |     9999
+(15 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select thousand, hundred from tenk1
+where (998, 5000) < (thousand, hundred)
+order by thousand, hundred;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: thousand, hundred
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1
+         Filter: (ROW(998, 5000) < ROW(thousand, hundred))
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+               Index Cond: (thousand >= 998)
+(6 rows)
+
+select thousand, hundred from tenk1
+where (998, 5000) < (thousand, hundred)
+order by thousand, hundred;
+ thousand | hundred 
+----------+---------
+      999 |      99
+      999 |      99
+      999 |      99
+      999 |      99
+      999 |      99
+      999 |      99
+      999 |      99
+      999 |      99
+      999 |      99
+      999 |      99
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Test case for bug #14010: indexed row comparisons fail with nulls
+create temp table test_table (a text, b text);
+insert into test_table values ('a', 'b');
+insert into test_table select 'a', null from generate_series(1,1000);
+insert into test_table values ('b', 'a');
+create index on test_table (a,b);
+set enable_sort = off;
+explain (costs off)
+select a,b from test_table where (a,b) > ('a','a') order by a,b;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using test_table_a_b_idx on test_table
+   Index Cond: (ROW(a, b) > ROW('a'::text, 'a'::text))
+(2 rows)
+
+select a,b from test_table where (a,b) > ('a','a') order by a,b;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ a | b
+ b | a
+(2 rows)
+
+reset enable_sort;
+-- Check row comparisons with IN
+select * from int8_tbl i8 where i8 in (row(123,456));  -- fail, type mismatch
+ERROR:  cannot compare dissimilar column types bigint and integer at record column 1
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl i8
+where i8 in (row(123,456)::int8_tbl, '(4567890123456789,123)');
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on int8_tbl i8
+   Filter: (i8.* = ANY ('{"(123,456)","(4567890123456789,123)"}'::int8_tbl[]))
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from int8_tbl i8
+where i8 in (row(123,456)::int8_tbl, '(4567890123456789,123)');
+        q1        | q2  
+------------------+-----
+              123 | 456
+ 4567890123456789 | 123
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Check ability to select columns from an anonymous rowtype
+select (row(1, 2.0)).f1;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+select (row(1, 2.0)).f2;
+ f2  
+-----
+ 2.0
+(1 row)
+
+select (row(1, 2.0)).nosuch;  -- fail
+ERROR:  could not identify column "nosuch" in record data type
+LINE 1: select (row(1, 2.0)).nosuch;
+                ^
+select (row(1, 2.0)).*;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | 2.0
+(1 row)
+
+select (r).f1 from (select row(1, 2.0) as r) ss;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+select (r).f3 from (select row(1, 2.0) as r) ss;  -- fail
+ERROR:  could not identify column "f3" in record data type
+LINE 1: select (r).f3 from (select row(1, 2.0) as r) ss;
+                ^
+select (r).* from (select row(1, 2.0) as r) ss;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | 2.0
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check some corner cases involving empty rowtypes
+select ROW();
+ row 
+-----
+ ()
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW() IS NULL;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select ROW() = ROW();
+ERROR:  cannot compare rows of zero length
+LINE 1: select ROW() = ROW();
+                     ^
+-- Check ability to create arrays of anonymous rowtypes
+select array[ row(1,2), row(3,4), row(5,6) ];
+           array           
+---------------------------
+ {"(1,2)","(3,4)","(5,6)"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check ability to compare an anonymous row to elements of an array
+select row(1,1.1) = any (array[ row(7,7.7), row(1,1.1), row(0,0.0) ]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1,1.1) = any (array[ row(7,7.7), row(1,1.0), row(0,0.0) ]);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check behavior with a non-comparable rowtype
+create type cantcompare as (p point, r float8);
+create temp table cc (f1 cantcompare);
+insert into cc values('("(1,2)",3)');
+insert into cc values('("(4,5)",6)');
+select * from cc order by f1; -- fail, but should complain about cantcompare
+ERROR:  could not identify an ordering operator for type cantcompare
+LINE 1: select * from cc order by f1;
+                                  ^
+HINT:  Use an explicit ordering operator or modify the query.
+--
+-- Tests for record_{eq,cmp}
+--
+create type testtype1 as (a int, b int);
+-- all true
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 < row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 <= row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 = row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 <> row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 3)::testtype1 >= row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 3)::testtype1 > row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- all false
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 < row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 <= row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 = row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 <> row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, -3)::testtype1 >= row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, -3)::testtype1 > row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- true, but see *< below
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 < row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- mismatches
+create type testtype3 as (a int, b text);
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 < row(1, 'abc')::testtype3;
+ERROR:  cannot compare dissimilar column types integer and text at record column 2
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 <> row(1, 'abc')::testtype3;
+ERROR:  cannot compare dissimilar column types integer and text at record column 2
+create type testtype5 as (a int);
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 < row(1)::testtype5;
+ERROR:  cannot compare record types with different numbers of columns
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 <> row(1)::testtype5;
+ERROR:  cannot compare record types with different numbers of columns
+-- non-comparable types
+create type testtype6 as (a int, b point);
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype6 < row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype6;
+ERROR:  could not identify a comparison function for type point
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype6 <> row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype6;
+ERROR:  could not identify an equality operator for type point
+drop type testtype1, testtype3, testtype5, testtype6;
+--
+-- Tests for record_image_{eq,cmp}
+--
+create type testtype1 as (a int, b int);
+-- all true
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *< row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *<= row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *= row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *<> row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 3)::testtype1 *>= row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 3)::testtype1 *> row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- all false
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 *< row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 *<= row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 *= row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 *<> row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, -3)::testtype1 *>= row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, -3)::testtype1 *> row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- This returns the "wrong" order because record_image_cmp works on
+-- unsigned datums without knowing about the actual data type.
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 *< row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- other types
+create type testtype2 as (a smallint, b bool);  -- byval different sizes
+select row(1, true)::testtype2 *< row(2, true)::testtype2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(-2, true)::testtype2 *< row(-1, true)::testtype2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(0, false)::testtype2 *< row(0, true)::testtype2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(0, false)::testtype2 *<> row(0, true)::testtype2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+create type testtype3 as (a int, b text);  -- variable length
+select row(1, 'abc')::testtype3 *< row(1, 'abd')::testtype3;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 'abc')::testtype3 *< row(1, 'abcd')::testtype3;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 'abc')::testtype3 *> row(1, 'abd')::testtype3;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, 'abc')::testtype3 *<> row(1, 'abd')::testtype3;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+create type testtype4 as (a int, b point);  -- by ref, fixed length
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype4 *< row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype4 *<> row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype4;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- mismatches
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *< row(1, 'abc')::testtype3;
+ERROR:  cannot compare dissimilar column types integer and text at record column 2
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *<> row(1, 'abc')::testtype3;
+ERROR:  cannot compare dissimilar column types integer and text at record column 2
+create type testtype5 as (a int);
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *< row(1)::testtype5;
+ERROR:  cannot compare record types with different numbers of columns
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *<> row(1)::testtype5;
+ERROR:  cannot compare record types with different numbers of columns
+-- non-comparable types
+create type testtype6 as (a int, b point);
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype6 *< row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype6;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype6 *>= row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype6;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype6 *<> row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype6;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- anonymous rowtypes in coldeflists
+select q.a, q.b = row(2), q.c = array[row(3)], q.d = row(row(4)) from
+    unnest(array[row(1, row(2), array[row(3)], row(row(4))),
+                 row(2, row(3), array[row(4)], row(row(5)))])
+      as q(a int, b record, c record[], d record);
+ a | ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+---+----------+----------+----------
+ 1 | t        | t        | t
+ 2 | f        | f        | f
+(2 rows)
+
+drop type testtype1, testtype2, testtype3, testtype4, testtype5, testtype6;
+--
+-- Test case derived from bug #5716: check multiple uses of a rowtype result
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE price (
+    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    active BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+    price NUMERIC
+);
+CREATE TYPE price_input AS (
+    id INTEGER,
+    price NUMERIC
+);
+CREATE TYPE price_key AS (
+    id INTEGER
+);
+CREATE FUNCTION price_key_from_table(price) RETURNS price_key AS $$
+    SELECT $1.id
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE FUNCTION price_key_from_input(price_input) RETURNS price_key AS $$
+    SELECT $1.id
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+insert into price values (1,false,42), (10,false,100), (11,true,17.99);
+UPDATE price
+    SET active = true, price = input_prices.price
+    FROM unnest(ARRAY[(10, 123.00), (11, 99.99)]::price_input[]) input_prices
+    WHERE price_key_from_table(price.*) = price_key_from_input(input_prices.*);
+select * from price;
+ id | active | price  
+----+--------+--------
+  1 | f      |     42
+ 10 | t      | 123.00
+ 11 | t      |  99.99
+(3 rows)
+
+rollback;
+--
+-- Test case derived from bug #9085: check * qualification of composite
+-- parameters for SQL functions
+--
+create temp table compos (f1 int, f2 text);
+create function fcompos1(v compos) returns void as $$
+insert into compos values (v);  -- fail
+$$ language sql;
+ERROR:  column "f1" is of type integer but expression is of type compos
+LINE 2: insert into compos values (v);  -- fail
+                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+create function fcompos1(v compos) returns void as $$
+insert into compos values (v.*);
+$$ language sql;
+create function fcompos2(v compos) returns void as $$
+select fcompos1(v);
+$$ language sql;
+create function fcompos3(v compos) returns void as $$
+select fcompos1(fcompos3.v.*);
+$$ language sql;
+select fcompos1(row(1,'one'));
+ fcompos1 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select fcompos2(row(2,'two'));
+ fcompos2 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select fcompos3(row(3,'three'));
+ fcompos3 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select * from compos;
+ f1 |  f2   
+----+-------
+  1 | one
+  2 | two
+  3 | three
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- We allow I/O conversion casts from composite types to strings to be
+-- invoked via cast syntax, but not functional syntax.  This is because
+-- the latter is too prone to be invoked unintentionally.
+--
+select cast (fullname as text) from fullname;
+ fullname 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+select fullname::text from fullname;
+ fullname 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+select text(fullname) from fullname;  -- error
+ERROR:  function text(fullname) does not exist
+LINE 1: select text(fullname) from fullname;
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select fullname.text from fullname;  -- error
+ERROR:  column fullname.text does not exist
+LINE 1: select fullname.text from fullname;
+               ^
+-- same, but RECORD instead of named composite type:
+select cast (row('Jim', 'Beam') as text);
+    row     
+------------
+ (Jim,Beam)
+(1 row)
+
+select (row('Jim', 'Beam'))::text;
+    row     
+------------
+ (Jim,Beam)
+(1 row)
+
+select text(row('Jim', 'Beam'));  -- error
+ERROR:  function text(record) does not exist
+LINE 1: select text(row('Jim', 'Beam'));
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select (row('Jim', 'Beam')).text;  -- error
+ERROR:  could not identify column "text" in record data type
+LINE 1: select (row('Jim', 'Beam')).text;
+                ^
+--
+-- Check the equivalence of functional and column notation
+--
+insert into fullname values ('Joe', 'Blow');
+select f.last from fullname f;
+ last 
+------
+ Blow
+(1 row)
+
+select last(f) from fullname f;
+ last 
+------
+ Blow
+(1 row)
+
+create function longname(fullname) returns text language sql
+as $$select $1.first || ' ' || $1.last$$;
+select f.longname from fullname f;
+ longname 
+----------
+ Joe Blow
+(1 row)
+
+select longname(f) from fullname f;
+ longname 
+----------
+ Joe Blow
+(1 row)
+
+-- Starting in v11, the notational form does matter if there's ambiguity
+alter table fullname add column longname text;
+select f.longname from fullname f;
+ longname 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select longname(f) from fullname f;
+ longname 
+----------
+ Joe Blow
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test that composite values are seen to have the correct column names
+-- (bug #11210 and other reports)
+--
+select row_to_json(i) from int8_tbl i;
+                  row_to_json                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ {"q1":123,"q2":456}
+ {"q1":123,"q2":4567890123456789}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":123}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":4567890123456789}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":-4567890123456789}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- since "i" is of type "int8_tbl", attaching aliases doesn't change anything:
+select row_to_json(i) from int8_tbl i(x,y);
+                  row_to_json                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ {"q1":123,"q2":456}
+ {"q1":123,"q2":4567890123456789}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":123}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":4567890123456789}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":-4567890123456789}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- in these examples, we'll report the exposed column names of the subselect:
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1, q2 from int8_tbl) as ss;
+                  row_to_json                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ {"q1":123,"q2":456}
+ {"q1":123,"q2":4567890123456789}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":123}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":4567890123456789}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":-4567890123456789}
+(5 rows)
+
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1, q2 from int8_tbl offset 0) as ss;
+                  row_to_json                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ {"q1":123,"q2":456}
+ {"q1":123,"q2":4567890123456789}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":123}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":4567890123456789}
+ {"q1":4567890123456789,"q2":-4567890123456789}
+(5 rows)
+
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1 as a, q2 as b from int8_tbl) as ss;
+                 row_to_json                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ {"a":123,"b":456}
+ {"a":123,"b":4567890123456789}
+ {"a":4567890123456789,"b":123}
+ {"a":4567890123456789,"b":4567890123456789}
+ {"a":4567890123456789,"b":-4567890123456789}
+(5 rows)
+
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1 as a, q2 as b from int8_tbl offset 0) as ss;
+                 row_to_json                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ {"a":123,"b":456}
+ {"a":123,"b":4567890123456789}
+ {"a":4567890123456789,"b":123}
+ {"a":4567890123456789,"b":4567890123456789}
+ {"a":4567890123456789,"b":-4567890123456789}
+(5 rows)
+
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1 as a, q2 as b from int8_tbl) as ss(x,y);
+                 row_to_json                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ {"x":123,"y":456}
+ {"x":123,"y":4567890123456789}
+ {"x":4567890123456789,"y":123}
+ {"x":4567890123456789,"y":4567890123456789}
+ {"x":4567890123456789,"y":-4567890123456789}
+(5 rows)
+
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1 as a, q2 as b from int8_tbl offset 0) as ss(x,y);
+                 row_to_json                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ {"x":123,"y":456}
+ {"x":123,"y":4567890123456789}
+ {"x":4567890123456789,"y":123}
+ {"x":4567890123456789,"y":4567890123456789}
+ {"x":4567890123456789,"y":-4567890123456789}
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select row_to_json(q) from
+  (select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+   where thousand = 42 and tenthous < 2000 offset 0) q;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on q
+   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+         Index Cond: ((thousand = 42) AND (tenthous < 2000))
+(3 rows)
+
+select row_to_json(q) from
+  (select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+   where thousand = 42 and tenthous < 2000 offset 0) q;
+           row_to_json           
+---------------------------------
+ {"thousand":42,"tenthous":42}
+ {"thousand":42,"tenthous":1042}
+(2 rows)
+
+select row_to_json(q) from
+  (select thousand as x, tenthous as y from tenk1
+   where thousand = 42 and tenthous < 2000 offset 0) q;
+    row_to_json    
+-------------------
+ {"x":42,"y":42}
+ {"x":42,"y":1042}
+(2 rows)
+
+select row_to_json(q) from
+  (select thousand as x, tenthous as y from tenk1
+   where thousand = 42 and tenthous < 2000 offset 0) q(a,b);
+    row_to_json    
+-------------------
+ {"a":42,"b":42}
+ {"a":42,"b":1042}
+(2 rows)
+
+create temp table tt1 as select * from int8_tbl limit 2;
+create temp table tt2 () inherits(tt1);
+insert into tt2 values(0,0);
+select row_to_json(r) from (select q2,q1 from tt1 offset 0) r;
+           row_to_json            
+----------------------------------
+ {"q2":456,"q1":123}
+ {"q2":4567890123456789,"q1":123}
+ {"q2":0,"q1":0}
+(3 rows)
+
+-- check no-op rowtype conversions
+create temp table tt3 () inherits(tt2);
+insert into tt3 values(33,44);
+select row_to_json(tt3::tt2::tt1) from tt3;
+    row_to_json    
+-------------------
+ {"q1":33,"q2":44}
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- IS [NOT] NULL should not recurse into nested composites (bug #14235)
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select r, r is null as isnull, r is not null as isnotnull
+from (values (1,row(1,2)), (1,row(null,null)), (1,null),
+             (null,row(1,2)), (null,row(null,null)), (null,null) ) r(a,b);
+                                                                                                         QUERY PLAN                                                                                                          
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+   Output: ROW("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2), (("*VALUES*".column1 IS NULL) AND ("*VALUES*".column2 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM NULL)), (("*VALUES*".column1 IS NOT NULL) AND ("*VALUES*".column2 IS DISTINCT FROM NULL))
+(2 rows)
+
+select r, r is null as isnull, r is not null as isnotnull
+from (values (1,row(1,2)), (1,row(null,null)), (1,null),
+             (null,row(1,2)), (null,row(null,null)), (null,null) ) r(a,b);
+      r      | isnull | isnotnull 
+-------------+--------+-----------
+ (1,"(1,2)") | f      | t
+ (1,"(,)")   | f      | t
+ (1,)        | f      | f
+ (,"(1,2)")  | f      | f
+ (,"(,)")    | f      | f
+ (,)         | t      | f
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with r(a,b) as materialized
+  (values (1,row(1,2)), (1,row(null,null)), (1,null),
+          (null,row(1,2)), (null,row(null,null)), (null,null) )
+select r, r is null as isnull, r is not null as isnotnull from r;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ CTE Scan on r
+   Output: r.*, (r.* IS NULL), (r.* IS NOT NULL)
+   CTE r
+     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+           Output: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+(5 rows)
+
+with r(a,b) as materialized
+  (values (1,row(1,2)), (1,row(null,null)), (1,null),
+          (null,row(1,2)), (null,row(null,null)), (null,null) )
+select r, r is null as isnull, r is not null as isnotnull from r;
+      r      | isnull | isnotnull 
+-------------+--------+-----------
+ (1,"(1,2)") | f      | t
+ (1,"(,)")   | f      | t
+ (1,)        | f      | f
+ (,"(1,2)")  | f      | f
+ (,"(,)")    | f      | f
+ (,)         | t      | f
+(6 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check parsing of indirect references to composite values (bug #18077)
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with cte(c) as materialized (select row(1, 2)),
+     cte2(c) as (select * from cte)
+select * from cte2 as t
+where (select * from (select c as c1) s
+       where (select (c1).f1 > 0)) is not null;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ CTE Scan on cte
+   Output: cte.c
+   Filter: ((SubPlan 3) IS NOT NULL)
+   CTE cte
+     ->  Result
+           Output: '(1,2)'::record
+   SubPlan 3
+     ->  Result
+           Output: cte.c
+           One-Time Filter: $2
+           InitPlan 2 (returns $2)
+             ->  Result
+                   Output: ((cte.c).f1 > 0)
+(13 rows)
+
+with cte(c) as materialized (select row(1, 2)),
+     cte2(c) as (select * from cte)
+select * from cte2 as t
+where (select * from (select c as c1) s
+       where (select (c1).f1 > 0)) is not null;
+   c   
+-------
+ (1,2)
+(1 row)
+
+-- Also check deparsing of such cases
+create view composite_v as
+with cte(c) as materialized (select row(1, 2)),
+     cte2(c) as (select * from cte)
+select 1 as one from cte2 as t
+where (select * from (select c as c1) s
+       where (select (c1).f1 > 0)) is not null;
+select pg_get_viewdef('composite_v', true);
+                     pg_get_viewdef                     
+--------------------------------------------------------
+  WITH cte(c) AS MATERIALIZED (                        +
+          SELECT ROW(1, 2) AS "row"                    +
+         ), cte2(c) AS (                               +
+          SELECT cte.c                                 +
+            FROM cte                                   +
+         )                                             +
+  SELECT 1 AS one                                      +
+    FROM cte2 t                                        +
+   WHERE (( SELECT s.c1                                +
+            FROM ( SELECT t.c AS c1) s                 +
+           WHERE ( SELECT (s.c1).f1 > 0))) IS NOT NULL;
+(1 row)
+
+drop view composite_v;
+--
+-- Tests for component access / FieldSelect
+--
+CREATE TABLE compositetable(a text, b text);
+INSERT INTO compositetable(a, b) VALUES('fa', 'fb');
+-- composite type columns can't directly be accessed (error)
+SELECT d.a FROM (SELECT compositetable AS d FROM compositetable) s;
+ERROR:  missing FROM-clause entry for table "d"
+LINE 1: SELECT d.a FROM (SELECT compositetable AS d FROM compositeta...
+               ^
+-- but can be accessed with proper parens
+SELECT (d).a, (d).b FROM (SELECT compositetable AS d FROM compositetable) s;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+ fa | fb
+(1 row)
+
+-- system columns can't be accessed in composite types (error)
+SELECT (d).ctid FROM (SELECT compositetable AS d FROM compositetable) s;
+ERROR:  column "ctid" not found in data type compositetable
+LINE 1: SELECT (d).ctid FROM (SELECT compositetable AS d FROM compos...
+                ^
+-- accessing non-existing column in NULL datum errors out
+SELECT (NULL::compositetable).nonexistent;
+ERROR:  column "nonexistent" not found in data type compositetable
+LINE 1: SELECT (NULL::compositetable).nonexistent;
+                ^
+-- existing column in a NULL composite yield NULL
+SELECT (NULL::compositetable).a;
+ a 
+---
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- oids can't be accessed in composite types (error)
+SELECT (NULL::compositetable).oid;
+ERROR:  column "oid" not found in data type compositetable
+LINE 1: SELECT (NULL::compositetable).oid;
+                ^
+DROP TABLE compositetable;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..225204c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
@@ -0,0 +1,3722 @@
+--
+-- RULES
+-- From Jan's original setup_ruletest.sql and run_ruletest.sql
+-- - thomas 1998-09-13
+--
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the view test
+--
+create table rtest_t1 (a int4, b int4);
+create table rtest_t2 (a int4, b int4);
+create table rtest_t3 (a int4, b int4);
+create view rtest_v1 as select * from rtest_t1;
+create rule rtest_v1_ins as on insert to rtest_v1 do instead
+	insert into rtest_t1 values (new.a, new.b);
+create rule rtest_v1_upd as on update to rtest_v1 do instead
+	update rtest_t1 set a = new.a, b = new.b
+	where a = old.a;
+create rule rtest_v1_del as on delete to rtest_v1 do instead
+	delete from rtest_t1 where a = old.a;
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON RULE rtest_v1_bad ON rtest_v1 IS 'bad rule';
+ERROR:  rule "rtest_v1_bad" for relation "rtest_v1" does not exist
+COMMENT ON RULE rtest_v1_del ON rtest_v1 IS 'delete rule';
+COMMENT ON RULE rtest_v1_del ON rtest_v1 IS NULL;
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the constraint update/delete test
+--
+-- Note:
+-- 	Now that we have multiple action rule support, we check
+-- 	both possible syntaxes to define them (The last action
+--  can but must not have a semicolon at the end).
+--
+create table rtest_system (sysname text, sysdesc text);
+create table rtest_interface (sysname text, ifname text);
+create table rtest_person (pname text, pdesc text);
+create table rtest_admin (pname text, sysname text);
+create rule rtest_sys_upd as on update to rtest_system do also (
+	update rtest_interface set sysname = new.sysname
+		where sysname = old.sysname;
+	update rtest_admin set sysname = new.sysname
+		where sysname = old.sysname
+	);
+create rule rtest_sys_del as on delete to rtest_system do also (
+	delete from rtest_interface where sysname = old.sysname;
+	delete from rtest_admin where sysname = old.sysname;
+	);
+create rule rtest_pers_upd as on update to rtest_person do also
+	update rtest_admin set pname = new.pname where pname = old.pname;
+create rule rtest_pers_del as on delete to rtest_person do also
+	delete from rtest_admin where pname = old.pname;
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the logging test
+--
+create table rtest_emp (ename char(20), salary money);
+create table rtest_emplog (ename char(20), who name, action char(10), newsal money, oldsal money);
+create table rtest_empmass (ename char(20), salary money);
+create rule rtest_emp_ins as on insert to rtest_emp do
+	insert into rtest_emplog values (new.ename, current_user,
+			'hired', new.salary, '0.00');
+create rule rtest_emp_upd as on update to rtest_emp where new.salary != old.salary do
+	insert into rtest_emplog values (new.ename, current_user,
+			'honored', new.salary, old.salary);
+create rule rtest_emp_del as on delete to rtest_emp do
+	insert into rtest_emplog values (old.ename, current_user,
+			'fired', '0.00', old.salary);
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the multiple cascaded qualified instead
+-- rule test
+--
+create table rtest_t4 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_t5 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_t6 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_t7 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_t8 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_t9 (a int4, b text);
+create rule rtest_t4_ins1 as on insert to rtest_t4
+		where new.a >= 10 and new.a < 20 do instead
+	insert into rtest_t5 values (new.a, new.b);
+create rule rtest_t4_ins2 as on insert to rtest_t4
+		where new.a >= 20 and new.a < 30 do
+	insert into rtest_t6 values (new.a, new.b);
+create rule rtest_t5_ins as on insert to rtest_t5
+		where new.a > 15 do
+	insert into rtest_t7 values (new.a, new.b);
+create rule rtest_t6_ins as on insert to rtest_t6
+		where new.a > 25 do instead
+	insert into rtest_t8 values (new.a, new.b);
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the rule fire order test
+--
+-- As of PG 7.3, the rules should fire in order by name, regardless
+-- of INSTEAD attributes or creation order.
+--
+create table rtest_order1 (a int4);
+create table rtest_order2 (a int4, b int4, c text);
+create sequence rtest_seq;
+create rule rtest_order_r3 as on insert to rtest_order1 do instead
+	insert into rtest_order2 values (new.a, nextval('rtest_seq'),
+		'rule 3 - this should run 3rd');
+create rule rtest_order_r4 as on insert to rtest_order1
+		where a < 100 do instead
+	insert into rtest_order2 values (new.a, nextval('rtest_seq'),
+		'rule 4 - this should run 4th');
+create rule rtest_order_r2 as on insert to rtest_order1 do
+	insert into rtest_order2 values (new.a, nextval('rtest_seq'),
+		'rule 2 - this should run 2nd');
+create rule rtest_order_r1 as on insert to rtest_order1 do instead
+	insert into rtest_order2 values (new.a, nextval('rtest_seq'),
+		'rule 1 - this should run 1st');
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the instead nothing test
+--
+create table rtest_nothn1 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_nothn2 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_nothn3 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_nothn4 (a int4, b text);
+create rule rtest_nothn_r1 as on insert to rtest_nothn1
+	where new.a >= 10 and new.a < 20 do instead nothing;
+create rule rtest_nothn_r2 as on insert to rtest_nothn1
+	where new.a >= 30 and new.a < 40 do instead nothing;
+create rule rtest_nothn_r3 as on insert to rtest_nothn2
+	where new.a >= 100 do instead
+	insert into rtest_nothn3 values (new.a, new.b);
+create rule rtest_nothn_r4 as on insert to rtest_nothn2
+	do instead nothing;
+--
+-- Tests on a view that is select * of a table
+-- and has insert/update/delete instead rules to
+-- behave close like the real table.
+--
+--
+-- We need test date later
+--
+insert into rtest_t2 values (1, 21);
+insert into rtest_t2 values (2, 22);
+insert into rtest_t2 values (3, 23);
+insert into rtest_t3 values (1, 31);
+insert into rtest_t3 values (2, 32);
+insert into rtest_t3 values (3, 33);
+insert into rtest_t3 values (4, 34);
+insert into rtest_t3 values (5, 35);
+-- insert values
+insert into rtest_v1 values (1, 11);
+insert into rtest_v1 values (2, 12);
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 11
+ 2 | 12
+(2 rows)
+
+-- delete with constant expression
+delete from rtest_v1 where a = 1;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 2 | 12
+(1 row)
+
+insert into rtest_v1 values (1, 11);
+delete from rtest_v1 where b = 12;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 11
+(1 row)
+
+insert into rtest_v1 values (2, 12);
+insert into rtest_v1 values (2, 13);
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 11
+ 2 | 12
+ 2 | 13
+(3 rows)
+
+** Remember the delete rule on rtest_v1: It says
+** DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM rtest_t1 WHERE a = old.a
+** So this time both rows with a = 2 must get deleted
+\p
+** Remember the delete rule on rtest_v1: It says
+** DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM rtest_t1 WHERE a = old.a
+** So this time both rows with a = 2 must get deleted
+\r
+delete from rtest_v1 where b = 12;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 11
+(1 row)
+
+delete from rtest_v1;
+-- insert select
+insert into rtest_v1 select * from rtest_t2;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 21
+ 2 | 22
+ 3 | 23
+(3 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_v1;
+-- same with swapped targetlist
+insert into rtest_v1 (b, a) select b, a from rtest_t2;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 21
+ 2 | 22
+ 3 | 23
+(3 rows)
+
+-- now with only one target attribute
+insert into rtest_v1 (a) select a from rtest_t3;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 21
+ 2 | 22
+ 3 | 23
+ 1 |   
+ 2 |   
+ 3 |   
+ 4 |   
+ 5 |   
+(8 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_v1 where b isnull;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 |  
+ 2 |  
+ 3 |  
+ 4 |  
+ 5 |  
+(5 rows)
+
+-- let attribute a differ (must be done on rtest_t1 - see above)
+update rtest_t1 set a = a + 10 where b isnull;
+delete from rtest_v1 where b isnull;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 21
+ 2 | 22
+ 3 | 23
+(3 rows)
+
+-- now updates with constant expression
+update rtest_v1 set b = 42 where a = 2;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 21
+ 3 | 23
+ 2 | 42
+(3 rows)
+
+update rtest_v1 set b = 99 where b = 42;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 21
+ 3 | 23
+ 2 | 99
+(3 rows)
+
+update rtest_v1 set b = 88 where b < 50;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 2 | 99
+ 1 | 88
+ 3 | 88
+(3 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_v1;
+insert into rtest_v1 select rtest_t2.a, rtest_t3.b
+    from rtest_t2, rtest_t3
+    where rtest_t2.a = rtest_t3.a;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 31
+ 2 | 32
+ 3 | 33
+(3 rows)
+
+-- updates in a mergejoin
+update rtest_v1 set b = rtest_t2.b from rtest_t2 where rtest_v1.a = rtest_t2.a;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 21
+ 2 | 22
+ 3 | 23
+(3 rows)
+
+insert into rtest_v1 select * from rtest_t3;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 | 21
+ 2 | 22
+ 3 | 23
+ 1 | 31
+ 2 | 32
+ 3 | 33
+ 4 | 34
+ 5 | 35
+(8 rows)
+
+update rtest_t1 set a = a + 10 where b > 30;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  1 | 21
+  2 | 22
+  3 | 23
+ 11 | 31
+ 12 | 32
+ 13 | 33
+ 14 | 34
+ 15 | 35
+(8 rows)
+
+update rtest_v1 set a = rtest_t3.a + 20 from rtest_t3 where rtest_v1.b = rtest_t3.b;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  1 | 21
+  2 | 22
+  3 | 23
+ 21 | 31
+ 22 | 32
+ 23 | 33
+ 24 | 34
+ 25 | 35
+(8 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test for constraint updates/deletes
+--
+insert into rtest_system values ('orion', 'Linux Jan Wieck');
+insert into rtest_system values ('notjw', 'WinNT Jan Wieck (notebook)');
+insert into rtest_system values ('neptun', 'Fileserver');
+insert into rtest_interface values ('orion', 'eth0');
+insert into rtest_interface values ('orion', 'eth1');
+insert into rtest_interface values ('notjw', 'eth0');
+insert into rtest_interface values ('neptun', 'eth0');
+insert into rtest_person values ('jw', 'Jan Wieck');
+insert into rtest_person values ('bm', 'Bruce Momjian');
+insert into rtest_admin values ('jw', 'orion');
+insert into rtest_admin values ('jw', 'notjw');
+insert into rtest_admin values ('bm', 'neptun');
+update rtest_system set sysname = 'pluto' where sysname = 'neptun';
+select * from rtest_interface;
+ sysname | ifname 
+---------+--------
+ orion   | eth0
+ orion   | eth1
+ notjw   | eth0
+ pluto   | eth0
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_admin;
+ pname | sysname 
+-------+---------
+ jw    | orion
+ jw    | notjw
+ bm    | pluto
+(3 rows)
+
+update rtest_person set pname = 'jwieck' where pdesc = 'Jan Wieck';
+-- Note: use ORDER BY here to ensure consistent output across all systems.
+-- The above UPDATE affects two rows with equal keys, so they could be
+-- updated in either order depending on the whim of the local qsort().
+select * from rtest_admin order by pname, sysname;
+ pname  | sysname 
+--------+---------
+ bm     | pluto
+ jwieck | notjw
+ jwieck | orion
+(3 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_system where sysname = 'orion';
+select * from rtest_interface;
+ sysname | ifname 
+---------+--------
+ notjw   | eth0
+ pluto   | eth0
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_admin;
+ pname  | sysname 
+--------+---------
+ bm     | pluto
+ jwieck | notjw
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Rule qualification test
+--
+insert into rtest_emp values ('wiecc', '5000.00');
+insert into rtest_emp values ('gates', '80000.00');
+update rtest_emp set ename = 'wiecx' where ename = 'wiecc';
+update rtest_emp set ename = 'wieck', salary = '6000.00' where ename = 'wiecx';
+update rtest_emp set salary = '7000.00' where ename = 'wieck';
+delete from rtest_emp where ename = 'gates';
+select ename, who = current_user as "matches user", action, newsal, oldsal from rtest_emplog order by ename, action, newsal;
+        ename         | matches user |   action   |   newsal   |   oldsal   
+----------------------+--------------+------------+------------+------------
+ gates                | t            | fired      |      $0.00 | $80,000.00
+ gates                | t            | hired      | $80,000.00 |      $0.00
+ wiecc                | t            | hired      |  $5,000.00 |      $0.00
+ wieck                | t            | honored    |  $6,000.00 |  $5,000.00
+ wieck                | t            | honored    |  $7,000.00 |  $6,000.00
+(5 rows)
+
+insert into rtest_empmass values ('meyer', '4000.00');
+insert into rtest_empmass values ('maier', '5000.00');
+insert into rtest_empmass values ('mayr', '6000.00');
+insert into rtest_emp select * from rtest_empmass;
+select ename, who = current_user as "matches user", action, newsal, oldsal from rtest_emplog order by ename, action, newsal;
+        ename         | matches user |   action   |   newsal   |   oldsal   
+----------------------+--------------+------------+------------+------------
+ gates                | t            | fired      |      $0.00 | $80,000.00
+ gates                | t            | hired      | $80,000.00 |      $0.00
+ maier                | t            | hired      |  $5,000.00 |      $0.00
+ mayr                 | t            | hired      |  $6,000.00 |      $0.00
+ meyer                | t            | hired      |  $4,000.00 |      $0.00
+ wiecc                | t            | hired      |  $5,000.00 |      $0.00
+ wieck                | t            | honored    |  $6,000.00 |  $5,000.00
+ wieck                | t            | honored    |  $7,000.00 |  $6,000.00
+(8 rows)
+
+update rtest_empmass set salary = salary + '1000.00';
+update rtest_emp set salary = rtest_empmass.salary from rtest_empmass where rtest_emp.ename = rtest_empmass.ename;
+select ename, who = current_user as "matches user", action, newsal, oldsal from rtest_emplog order by ename, action, newsal;
+        ename         | matches user |   action   |   newsal   |   oldsal   
+----------------------+--------------+------------+------------+------------
+ gates                | t            | fired      |      $0.00 | $80,000.00
+ gates                | t            | hired      | $80,000.00 |      $0.00
+ maier                | t            | hired      |  $5,000.00 |      $0.00
+ maier                | t            | honored    |  $6,000.00 |  $5,000.00
+ mayr                 | t            | hired      |  $6,000.00 |      $0.00
+ mayr                 | t            | honored    |  $7,000.00 |  $6,000.00
+ meyer                | t            | hired      |  $4,000.00 |      $0.00
+ meyer                | t            | honored    |  $5,000.00 |  $4,000.00
+ wiecc                | t            | hired      |  $5,000.00 |      $0.00
+ wieck                | t            | honored    |  $6,000.00 |  $5,000.00
+ wieck                | t            | honored    |  $7,000.00 |  $6,000.00
+(11 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_emp using rtest_empmass where rtest_emp.ename = rtest_empmass.ename;
+select ename, who = current_user as "matches user", action, newsal, oldsal from rtest_emplog order by ename, action, newsal;
+        ename         | matches user |   action   |   newsal   |   oldsal   
+----------------------+--------------+------------+------------+------------
+ gates                | t            | fired      |      $0.00 | $80,000.00
+ gates                | t            | hired      | $80,000.00 |      $0.00
+ maier                | t            | fired      |      $0.00 |  $6,000.00
+ maier                | t            | hired      |  $5,000.00 |      $0.00
+ maier                | t            | honored    |  $6,000.00 |  $5,000.00
+ mayr                 | t            | fired      |      $0.00 |  $7,000.00
+ mayr                 | t            | hired      |  $6,000.00 |      $0.00
+ mayr                 | t            | honored    |  $7,000.00 |  $6,000.00
+ meyer                | t            | fired      |      $0.00 |  $5,000.00
+ meyer                | t            | hired      |  $4,000.00 |      $0.00
+ meyer                | t            | honored    |  $5,000.00 |  $4,000.00
+ wiecc                | t            | hired      |  $5,000.00 |      $0.00
+ wieck                | t            | honored    |  $6,000.00 |  $5,000.00
+ wieck                | t            | honored    |  $7,000.00 |  $6,000.00
+(14 rows)
+
+--
+-- Multiple cascaded qualified instead rule test
+--
+insert into rtest_t4 values (1, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (2, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (10, 'Record should go to rtest_t5');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (15, 'Record should go to rtest_t5');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (19, 'Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (20, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t6');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (26, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (28, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (30, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (40, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+select * from rtest_t4;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+  1 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+  2 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+ 20 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t6
+ 26 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+ 28 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+ 30 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+ 40 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_t5;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 10 | Record should go to rtest_t5
+ 15 | Record should go to rtest_t5
+ 19 | Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_t6;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 20 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t6
+(1 row)
+
+select * from rtest_t7;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 19 | Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7
+(1 row)
+
+select * from rtest_t8;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 26 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+ 28 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+(2 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_t4;
+delete from rtest_t5;
+delete from rtest_t6;
+delete from rtest_t7;
+delete from rtest_t8;
+insert into rtest_t9 values (1, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (2, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (10, 'Record should go to rtest_t5');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (15, 'Record should go to rtest_t5');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (19, 'Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (20, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t6');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (26, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (28, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (30, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (40, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t4 select * from rtest_t9 where a < 20;
+select * from rtest_t4;
+ a |              b               
+---+------------------------------
+ 1 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+ 2 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_t5;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 10 | Record should go to rtest_t5
+ 15 | Record should go to rtest_t5
+ 19 | Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_t6;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_t7;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 19 | Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7
+(1 row)
+
+select * from rtest_t8;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+insert into rtest_t4 select * from rtest_t9 where b ~ 'and t8';
+select * from rtest_t4;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+  1 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+  2 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+ 26 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+ 28 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_t5;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 10 | Record should go to rtest_t5
+ 15 | Record should go to rtest_t5
+ 19 | Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_t6;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_t7;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 19 | Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7
+(1 row)
+
+select * from rtest_t8;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 26 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+ 28 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+(2 rows)
+
+insert into rtest_t4 select a + 1, b from rtest_t9 where a in (20, 30, 40);
+select * from rtest_t4;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+  1 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+  2 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+ 26 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+ 28 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+ 21 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t6
+ 31 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+ 41 | Record should go to rtest_t4
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_t5;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 10 | Record should go to rtest_t5
+ 15 | Record should go to rtest_t5
+ 19 | Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_t6;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 21 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t6
+(1 row)
+
+select * from rtest_t7;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 19 | Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7
+(1 row)
+
+select * from rtest_t8;
+ a  |                  b                  
+----+-------------------------------------
+ 26 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+ 28 | Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check that the ordering of rules fired is correct
+--
+insert into rtest_order1 values (1);
+select * from rtest_order2;
+ a | b |              c               
+---+---+------------------------------
+ 1 | 1 | rule 1 - this should run 1st
+ 1 | 2 | rule 2 - this should run 2nd
+ 1 | 3 | rule 3 - this should run 3rd
+ 1 | 4 | rule 4 - this should run 4th
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check if instead nothing w/without qualification works
+--
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (1, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (2, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (10, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (19, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (20, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (29, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (30, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (39, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (40, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (50, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (60, 'want this');
+select * from rtest_nothn1;
+ a  |     b     
+----+-----------
+  1 | want this
+  2 | want this
+ 20 | want this
+ 29 | want this
+ 40 | want this
+ 50 | want this
+ 60 | want this
+(7 rows)
+
+insert into rtest_nothn2 values (10, 'too small');
+insert into rtest_nothn2 values (50, 'too small');
+insert into rtest_nothn2 values (100, 'OK');
+insert into rtest_nothn2 values (200, 'OK');
+select * from rtest_nothn2;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_nothn3;
+  a  | b  
+-----+----
+ 100 | OK
+ 200 | OK
+(2 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_nothn1;
+delete from rtest_nothn2;
+delete from rtest_nothn3;
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (1, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (2, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (10, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (19, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (20, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (29, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (30, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (39, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (40, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (50, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (60, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 select * from rtest_nothn4;
+select * from rtest_nothn1;
+ a  |     b     
+----+-----------
+  1 | want this
+  2 | want this
+ 20 | want this
+ 29 | want this
+ 40 | want this
+ 50 | want this
+ 60 | want this
+(7 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_nothn4;
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (10, 'too small');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (50, 'too small');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (100, 'OK');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (200, 'OK');
+insert into rtest_nothn2 select * from rtest_nothn4;
+select * from rtest_nothn2;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_nothn3;
+  a  | b  
+-----+----
+ 100 | OK
+ 200 | OK
+(2 rows)
+
+create table rtest_view1 (a int4, b text, v bool);
+create table rtest_view2 (a int4);
+create table rtest_view3 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_view4 (a int4, b text, c int4);
+create view rtest_vview1 as select a, b from rtest_view1 X
+	where 0 < (select count(*) from rtest_view2 Y where Y.a = X.a);
+create view rtest_vview2 as select a, b from rtest_view1 where v;
+create view rtest_vview3 as select a, b from rtest_vview2 X
+	where 0 < (select count(*) from rtest_view2 Y where Y.a = X.a);
+create view rtest_vview4 as select X.a, X.b, count(Y.a) as refcount
+	from rtest_view1 X, rtest_view2 Y
+	where X.a = Y.a
+	group by X.a, X.b;
+create function rtest_viewfunc1(int4) returns int4 as
+	'select count(*)::int4 from rtest_view2 where a = $1'
+	language sql;
+create view rtest_vview5 as select a, b, rtest_viewfunc1(a) as refcount
+	from rtest_view1;
+insert into rtest_view1 values (1, 'item 1', 't');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (2, 'item 2', 't');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (3, 'item 3', 't');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (4, 'item 4', 'f');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (5, 'item 5', 't');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (6, 'item 6', 'f');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (7, 'item 7', 't');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (8, 'item 8', 't');
+insert into rtest_view2 values (2);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (2);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (4);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (5);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (7);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (7);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (7);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (7);
+select * from rtest_vview1;
+ a |   b    
+---+--------
+ 2 | item 2
+ 4 | item 4
+ 5 | item 5
+ 7 | item 7
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_vview2;
+ a |   b    
+---+--------
+ 1 | item 1
+ 2 | item 2
+ 3 | item 3
+ 5 | item 5
+ 7 | item 7
+ 8 | item 8
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_vview3;
+ a |   b    
+---+--------
+ 2 | item 2
+ 5 | item 5
+ 7 | item 7
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_vview4 order by a, b;
+ a |   b    | refcount 
+---+--------+----------
+ 2 | item 2 |        2
+ 4 | item 4 |        1
+ 5 | item 5 |        1
+ 7 | item 7 |        4
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_vview5;
+ a |   b    | refcount 
+---+--------+----------
+ 1 | item 1 |        0
+ 2 | item 2 |        2
+ 3 | item 3 |        0
+ 4 | item 4 |        1
+ 5 | item 5 |        1
+ 6 | item 6 |        0
+ 7 | item 7 |        4
+ 8 | item 8 |        0
+(8 rows)
+
+insert into rtest_view3 select * from rtest_vview1 where a < 7;
+select * from rtest_view3;
+ a |   b    
+---+--------
+ 2 | item 2
+ 4 | item 4
+ 5 | item 5
+(3 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_view3;
+insert into rtest_view3 select * from rtest_vview2 where a != 5 and b !~ '2';
+select * from rtest_view3;
+ a |   b    
+---+--------
+ 1 | item 1
+ 3 | item 3
+ 7 | item 7
+ 8 | item 8
+(4 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_view3;
+insert into rtest_view3 select * from rtest_vview3;
+select * from rtest_view3;
+ a |   b    
+---+--------
+ 2 | item 2
+ 5 | item 5
+ 7 | item 7
+(3 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_view3;
+insert into rtest_view4 select * from rtest_vview4 where 3 > refcount;
+select * from rtest_view4 order by a, b;
+ a |   b    | c 
+---+--------+---
+ 2 | item 2 | 2
+ 4 | item 4 | 1
+ 5 | item 5 | 1
+(3 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_view4;
+insert into rtest_view4 select * from rtest_vview5 where a > 2 and refcount = 0;
+select * from rtest_view4;
+ a |   b    | c 
+---+--------+---
+ 3 | item 3 | 0
+ 6 | item 6 | 0
+ 8 | item 8 | 0
+(3 rows)
+
+delete from rtest_view4;
+--
+-- Test for computations in views
+--
+create table rtest_comp (
+	part	text,
+	unit	char(4),
+	size	float
+);
+create table rtest_unitfact (
+	unit	char(4),
+	factor	float
+);
+create view rtest_vcomp as
+	select X.part, (X.size * Y.factor) as size_in_cm
+			from rtest_comp X, rtest_unitfact Y
+			where X.unit = Y.unit;
+insert into rtest_unitfact values ('m', 100.0);
+insert into rtest_unitfact values ('cm', 1.0);
+insert into rtest_unitfact values ('inch', 2.54);
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p1', 'm', 5.0);
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p2', 'm', 3.0);
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p3', 'cm', 5.0);
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p4', 'cm', 15.0);
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p5', 'inch', 7.0);
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p6', 'inch', 4.4);
+select * from rtest_vcomp order by part;
+ part |     size_in_cm     
+------+--------------------
+ p1   |                500
+ p2   |                300
+ p3   |                  5
+ p4   |                 15
+ p5   |              17.78
+ p6   | 11.176000000000002
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from rtest_vcomp where size_in_cm > 10.0 order by size_in_cm using >;
+ part |     size_in_cm     
+------+--------------------
+ p1   |                500
+ p2   |                300
+ p5   |              17.78
+ p4   |                 15
+ p6   | 11.176000000000002
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- In addition run the (slightly modified) queries from the
+-- programmers manual section on the rule system.
+--
+CREATE TABLE shoe_data (
+	shoename   char(10),      -- primary key
+	sh_avail   integer,       -- available # of pairs
+	slcolor    char(10),      -- preferred shoelace color
+	slminlen   float,         -- minimum shoelace length
+	slmaxlen   float,         -- maximum shoelace length
+	slunit     char(8)        -- length unit
+);
+CREATE TABLE shoelace_data (
+	sl_name    char(10),      -- primary key
+	sl_avail   integer,       -- available # of pairs
+	sl_color   char(10),      -- shoelace color
+	sl_len     float,         -- shoelace length
+	sl_unit    char(8)        -- length unit
+);
+CREATE TABLE unit (
+	un_name    char(8),       -- the primary key
+	un_fact    float          -- factor to transform to cm
+);
+CREATE VIEW shoe AS
+	SELECT sh.shoename,
+		   sh.sh_avail,
+		   sh.slcolor,
+		   sh.slminlen,
+		   sh.slminlen * un.un_fact AS slminlen_cm,
+		   sh.slmaxlen,
+		   sh.slmaxlen * un.un_fact AS slmaxlen_cm,
+		   sh.slunit
+	  FROM shoe_data sh, unit un
+	 WHERE sh.slunit = un.un_name;
+CREATE VIEW shoelace AS
+	SELECT s.sl_name,
+		   s.sl_avail,
+		   s.sl_color,
+		   s.sl_len,
+		   s.sl_unit,
+		   s.sl_len * u.un_fact AS sl_len_cm
+	  FROM shoelace_data s, unit u
+	 WHERE s.sl_unit = u.un_name;
+CREATE VIEW shoe_ready AS
+	SELECT rsh.shoename,
+		   rsh.sh_avail,
+		   rsl.sl_name,
+		   rsl.sl_avail,
+		   int4smaller(rsh.sh_avail, rsl.sl_avail) AS total_avail
+	  FROM shoe rsh, shoelace rsl
+	 WHERE rsl.sl_color = rsh.slcolor
+	   AND rsl.sl_len_cm >= rsh.slminlen_cm
+	   AND rsl.sl_len_cm <= rsh.slmaxlen_cm;
+INSERT INTO unit VALUES ('cm', 1.0);
+INSERT INTO unit VALUES ('m', 100.0);
+INSERT INTO unit VALUES ('inch', 2.54);
+INSERT INTO shoe_data VALUES ('sh1', 2, 'black', 70.0, 90.0, 'cm');
+INSERT INTO shoe_data VALUES ('sh2', 0, 'black', 30.0, 40.0, 'inch');
+INSERT INTO shoe_data VALUES ('sh3', 4, 'brown', 50.0, 65.0, 'cm');
+INSERT INTO shoe_data VALUES ('sh4', 3, 'brown', 40.0, 50.0, 'inch');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl1', 5, 'black', 80.0, 'cm');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl2', 6, 'black', 100.0, 'cm');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl3', 0, 'black', 35.0 , 'inch');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl4', 8, 'black', 40.0 , 'inch');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl5', 4, 'brown', 1.0 , 'm');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl6', 0, 'brown', 0.9 , 'm');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl7', 7, 'brown', 60 , 'cm');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl8', 1, 'brown', 40 , 'inch');
+-- SELECTs in doc
+SELECT * FROM shoelace ORDER BY sl_name;
+  sl_name   | sl_avail |  sl_color  | sl_len | sl_unit  | sl_len_cm 
+------------+----------+------------+--------+----------+-----------
+ sl1        |        5 | black      |     80 | cm       |        80
+ sl2        |        6 | black      |    100 | cm       |       100
+ sl3        |        0 | black      |     35 | inch     |      88.9
+ sl4        |        8 | black      |     40 | inch     |     101.6
+ sl5        |        4 | brown      |      1 | m        |       100
+ sl6        |        0 | brown      |    0.9 | m        |        90
+ sl7        |        7 | brown      |     60 | cm       |        60
+ sl8        |        1 | brown      |     40 | inch     |     101.6
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM shoe_ready WHERE total_avail >= 2 ORDER BY 1;
+  shoename  | sh_avail |  sl_name   | sl_avail | total_avail 
+------------+----------+------------+----------+-------------
+ sh1        |        2 | sl1        |        5 |           2
+ sh3        |        4 | sl7        |        7 |           4
+(2 rows)
+
+    CREATE TABLE shoelace_log (
+        sl_name    char(10),      -- shoelace changed
+        sl_avail   integer,       -- new available value
+        log_who    name,          -- who did it
+        log_when   timestamp      -- when
+    );
+-- Want "log_who" to be CURRENT_USER,
+-- but that is non-portable for the regression test
+-- - thomas 1999-02-21
+    CREATE RULE log_shoelace AS ON UPDATE TO shoelace_data
+        WHERE NEW.sl_avail != OLD.sl_avail
+        DO INSERT INTO shoelace_log VALUES (
+                                        NEW.sl_name,
+                                        NEW.sl_avail,
+                                        'Al Bundy',
+                                        'epoch'
+                                    );
+UPDATE shoelace_data SET sl_avail = 6 WHERE  sl_name = 'sl7';
+SELECT * FROM shoelace_log;
+  sl_name   | sl_avail | log_who  |         log_when         
+------------+----------+----------+--------------------------
+ sl7        |        6 | Al Bundy | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
+(1 row)
+
+    CREATE RULE shoelace_ins AS ON INSERT TO shoelace
+        DO INSTEAD
+        INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES (
+               NEW.sl_name,
+               NEW.sl_avail,
+               NEW.sl_color,
+               NEW.sl_len,
+               NEW.sl_unit);
+    CREATE RULE shoelace_upd AS ON UPDATE TO shoelace
+        DO INSTEAD
+        UPDATE shoelace_data SET
+               sl_name = NEW.sl_name,
+               sl_avail = NEW.sl_avail,
+               sl_color = NEW.sl_color,
+               sl_len = NEW.sl_len,
+               sl_unit = NEW.sl_unit
+         WHERE sl_name = OLD.sl_name;
+    CREATE RULE shoelace_del AS ON DELETE TO shoelace
+        DO INSTEAD
+        DELETE FROM shoelace_data
+         WHERE sl_name = OLD.sl_name;
+    CREATE TABLE shoelace_arrive (
+        arr_name    char(10),
+        arr_quant   integer
+    );
+    CREATE TABLE shoelace_ok (
+        ok_name     char(10),
+        ok_quant    integer
+    );
+    CREATE RULE shoelace_ok_ins AS ON INSERT TO shoelace_ok
+        DO INSTEAD
+        UPDATE shoelace SET
+               sl_avail = sl_avail + NEW.ok_quant
+         WHERE sl_name = NEW.ok_name;
+INSERT INTO shoelace_arrive VALUES ('sl3', 10);
+INSERT INTO shoelace_arrive VALUES ('sl6', 20);
+INSERT INTO shoelace_arrive VALUES ('sl8', 20);
+SELECT * FROM shoelace ORDER BY sl_name;
+  sl_name   | sl_avail |  sl_color  | sl_len | sl_unit  | sl_len_cm 
+------------+----------+------------+--------+----------+-----------
+ sl1        |        5 | black      |     80 | cm       |        80
+ sl2        |        6 | black      |    100 | cm       |       100
+ sl3        |        0 | black      |     35 | inch     |      88.9
+ sl4        |        8 | black      |     40 | inch     |     101.6
+ sl5        |        4 | brown      |      1 | m        |       100
+ sl6        |        0 | brown      |    0.9 | m        |        90
+ sl7        |        6 | brown      |     60 | cm       |        60
+ sl8        |        1 | brown      |     40 | inch     |     101.6
+(8 rows)
+
+insert into shoelace_ok select * from shoelace_arrive;
+SELECT * FROM shoelace ORDER BY sl_name;
+  sl_name   | sl_avail |  sl_color  | sl_len | sl_unit  | sl_len_cm 
+------------+----------+------------+--------+----------+-----------
+ sl1        |        5 | black      |     80 | cm       |        80
+ sl2        |        6 | black      |    100 | cm       |       100
+ sl3        |       10 | black      |     35 | inch     |      88.9
+ sl4        |        8 | black      |     40 | inch     |     101.6
+ sl5        |        4 | brown      |      1 | m        |       100
+ sl6        |       20 | brown      |    0.9 | m        |        90
+ sl7        |        6 | brown      |     60 | cm       |        60
+ sl8        |       21 | brown      |     40 | inch     |     101.6
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM shoelace_log ORDER BY sl_name;
+  sl_name   | sl_avail | log_who  |         log_when         
+------------+----------+----------+--------------------------
+ sl3        |       10 | Al Bundy | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
+ sl6        |       20 | Al Bundy | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
+ sl7        |        6 | Al Bundy | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
+ sl8        |       21 | Al Bundy | Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
+(4 rows)
+
+    CREATE VIEW shoelace_obsolete AS
+	SELECT * FROM shoelace WHERE NOT EXISTS
+	    (SELECT shoename FROM shoe WHERE slcolor = sl_color);
+    CREATE VIEW shoelace_candelete AS
+	SELECT * FROM shoelace_obsolete WHERE sl_avail = 0;
+insert into shoelace values ('sl9', 0, 'pink', 35.0, 'inch', 0.0);
+insert into shoelace values ('sl10', 1000, 'magenta', 40.0, 'inch', 0.0);
+-- Unsupported (even though a similar updatable view construct is)
+insert into shoelace values ('sl10', 1000, 'magenta', 40.0, 'inch', 0.0)
+  on conflict do nothing;
+ERROR:  INSERT with ON CONFLICT clause cannot be used with table that has INSERT or UPDATE rules
+SELECT * FROM shoelace_obsolete ORDER BY sl_len_cm;
+  sl_name   | sl_avail |  sl_color  | sl_len | sl_unit  | sl_len_cm 
+------------+----------+------------+--------+----------+-----------
+ sl9        |        0 | pink       |     35 | inch     |      88.9
+ sl10       |     1000 | magenta    |     40 | inch     |     101.6
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM shoelace_candelete;
+  sl_name   | sl_avail |  sl_color  | sl_len | sl_unit  | sl_len_cm 
+------------+----------+------------+--------+----------+-----------
+ sl9        |        0 | pink       |     35 | inch     |      88.9
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM shoelace WHERE EXISTS
+    (SELECT * FROM shoelace_candelete
+             WHERE sl_name = shoelace.sl_name);
+SELECT * FROM shoelace ORDER BY sl_name;
+  sl_name   | sl_avail |  sl_color  | sl_len | sl_unit  | sl_len_cm 
+------------+----------+------------+--------+----------+-----------
+ sl1        |        5 | black      |     80 | cm       |        80
+ sl10       |     1000 | magenta    |     40 | inch     |     101.6
+ sl2        |        6 | black      |    100 | cm       |       100
+ sl3        |       10 | black      |     35 | inch     |      88.9
+ sl4        |        8 | black      |     40 | inch     |     101.6
+ sl5        |        4 | brown      |      1 | m        |       100
+ sl6        |       20 | brown      |    0.9 | m        |        90
+ sl7        |        6 | brown      |     60 | cm       |        60
+ sl8        |       21 | brown      |     40 | inch     |     101.6
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM shoe ORDER BY shoename;
+  shoename  | sh_avail |  slcolor   | slminlen | slminlen_cm | slmaxlen | slmaxlen_cm |  slunit  
+------------+----------+------------+----------+-------------+----------+-------------+----------
+ sh1        |        2 | black      |       70 |          70 |       90 |          90 | cm      
+ sh2        |        0 | black      |       30 |        76.2 |       40 |       101.6 | inch    
+ sh3        |        4 | brown      |       50 |          50 |       65 |          65 | cm      
+ sh4        |        3 | brown      |       40 |       101.6 |       50 |         127 | inch    
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM shoe;
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Simple test of qualified ON INSERT ... this did not work in 7.0 ...
+--
+create table rules_foo (f1 int);
+create table rules_foo2 (f1 int);
+create rule rules_foorule as on insert to rules_foo where f1 < 100
+do instead nothing;
+insert into rules_foo values(1);
+insert into rules_foo values(1001);
+select * from rules_foo;
+  f1  
+------
+ 1001
+(1 row)
+
+drop rule rules_foorule on rules_foo;
+-- this should fail because f1 is not exposed for unqualified reference:
+create rule rules_foorule as on insert to rules_foo where f1 < 100
+do instead insert into rules_foo2 values (f1);
+ERROR:  column "f1" does not exist
+LINE 2: do instead insert into rules_foo2 values (f1);
+                                                  ^
+HINT:  There is a column named "f1" in table "old", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+-- this is the correct way:
+create rule rules_foorule as on insert to rules_foo where f1 < 100
+do instead insert into rules_foo2 values (new.f1);
+insert into rules_foo values(2);
+insert into rules_foo values(100);
+select * from rules_foo;
+  f1  
+------
+ 1001
+  100
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from rules_foo2;
+ f1 
+----
+  2
+(1 row)
+
+drop rule rules_foorule on rules_foo;
+drop table rules_foo;
+drop table rules_foo2;
+--
+-- Test rules containing INSERT ... SELECT, which is a very ugly special
+-- case as of 7.1.  Example is based on bug report from Joel Burton.
+--
+create table pparent (pid int, txt text);
+insert into pparent values (1,'parent1');
+insert into pparent values (2,'parent2');
+create table cchild (pid int, descrip text);
+insert into cchild values (1,'descrip1');
+create view vview as
+  select pparent.pid, txt, descrip from
+    pparent left join cchild using (pid);
+create rule rrule as
+  on update to vview do instead
+(
+  insert into cchild (pid, descrip)
+    select old.pid, new.descrip where old.descrip isnull;
+  update cchild set descrip = new.descrip where cchild.pid = old.pid;
+);
+select * from vview;
+ pid |   txt   | descrip  
+-----+---------+----------
+   1 | parent1 | descrip1
+   2 | parent2 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+update vview set descrip='test1' where pid=1;
+select * from vview;
+ pid |   txt   | descrip 
+-----+---------+---------
+   1 | parent1 | test1
+   2 | parent2 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+update vview set descrip='test2' where pid=2;
+select * from vview;
+ pid |   txt   | descrip 
+-----+---------+---------
+   1 | parent1 | test1
+   2 | parent2 | test2
+(2 rows)
+
+update vview set descrip='test3' where pid=3;
+select * from vview;
+ pid |   txt   | descrip 
+-----+---------+---------
+   1 | parent1 | test1
+   2 | parent2 | test2
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from cchild;
+ pid | descrip 
+-----+---------
+   1 | test1
+   2 | test2
+(2 rows)
+
+drop rule rrule on vview;
+drop view vview;
+drop table pparent;
+drop table cchild;
+--
+-- Check that ruleutils are working
+--
+-- temporarily disable fancy output, so view changes create less diff noise
+\a\t
+SELECT viewname, definition FROM pg_views
+WHERE schemaname = 'pg_catalog'
+ORDER BY viewname;
+pg_available_extension_versions| SELECT e.name,
+    e.version,
+    (x.extname IS NOT NULL) AS installed,
+    e.superuser,
+    e.trusted,
+    e.relocatable,
+    e.schema,
+    e.requires,
+    e.comment
+   FROM (pg_available_extension_versions() e(name, version, superuser, trusted, relocatable, schema, requires, comment)
+     LEFT JOIN pg_extension x ON (((e.name = x.extname) AND (e.version = x.extversion))));
+pg_available_extensions| SELECT e.name,
+    e.default_version,
+    x.extversion AS installed_version,
+    e.comment
+   FROM (pg_available_extensions() e(name, default_version, comment)
+     LEFT JOIN pg_extension x ON ((e.name = x.extname)));
+pg_backend_memory_contexts| SELECT pg_get_backend_memory_contexts.name,
+    pg_get_backend_memory_contexts.ident,
+    pg_get_backend_memory_contexts.parent,
+    pg_get_backend_memory_contexts.level,
+    pg_get_backend_memory_contexts.total_bytes,
+    pg_get_backend_memory_contexts.total_nblocks,
+    pg_get_backend_memory_contexts.free_bytes,
+    pg_get_backend_memory_contexts.free_chunks,
+    pg_get_backend_memory_contexts.used_bytes
+   FROM pg_get_backend_memory_contexts() pg_get_backend_memory_contexts(name, ident, parent, level, total_bytes, total_nblocks, free_bytes, free_chunks, used_bytes);
+pg_config| SELECT pg_config.name,
+    pg_config.setting
+   FROM pg_config() pg_config(name, setting);
+pg_cursors| SELECT c.name,
+    c.statement,
+    c.is_holdable,
+    c.is_binary,
+    c.is_scrollable,
+    c.creation_time
+   FROM pg_cursor() c(name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable, creation_time);
+pg_file_settings| SELECT a.sourcefile,
+    a.sourceline,
+    a.seqno,
+    a.name,
+    a.setting,
+    a.applied,
+    a.error
+   FROM pg_show_all_file_settings() a(sourcefile, sourceline, seqno, name, setting, applied, error);
+pg_group| SELECT pg_authid.rolname AS groname,
+    pg_authid.oid AS grosysid,
+    ARRAY( SELECT pg_auth_members.member
+           FROM pg_auth_members
+          WHERE (pg_auth_members.roleid = pg_authid.oid)) AS grolist
+   FROM pg_authid
+  WHERE (NOT pg_authid.rolcanlogin);
+pg_hba_file_rules| SELECT a.line_number,
+    a.type,
+    a.database,
+    a.user_name,
+    a.address,
+    a.netmask,
+    a.auth_method,
+    a.options,
+    a.error
+   FROM pg_hba_file_rules() a(line_number, type, database, user_name, address, netmask, auth_method, options, error);
+pg_ident_file_mappings| SELECT a.line_number,
+    a.map_name,
+    a.sys_name,
+    a.pg_username,
+    a.error
+   FROM pg_ident_file_mappings() a(line_number, map_name, sys_name, pg_username, error);
+pg_indexes| SELECT n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname AS tablename,
+    i.relname AS indexname,
+    t.spcname AS tablespace,
+    pg_get_indexdef(i.oid) AS indexdef
+   FROM ((((pg_index x
+     JOIN pg_class c ON ((c.oid = x.indrelid)))
+     JOIN pg_class i ON ((i.oid = x.indexrelid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_tablespace t ON ((t.oid = i.reltablespace)))
+  WHERE ((c.relkind = ANY (ARRAY['r'::"char", 'm'::"char", 'p'::"char"])) AND (i.relkind = ANY (ARRAY['i'::"char", 'I'::"char"])));
+pg_locks| SELECT l.locktype,
+    l.database,
+    l.relation,
+    l.page,
+    l.tuple,
+    l.virtualxid,
+    l.transactionid,
+    l.classid,
+    l.objid,
+    l.objsubid,
+    l.virtualtransaction,
+    l.pid,
+    l.mode,
+    l.granted,
+    l.fastpath,
+    l.waitstart
+   FROM pg_lock_status() l(locktype, database, relation, page, tuple, virtualxid, transactionid, classid, objid, objsubid, virtualtransaction, pid, mode, granted, fastpath, waitstart);
+pg_matviews| SELECT n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname AS matviewname,
+    pg_get_userbyid(c.relowner) AS matviewowner,
+    t.spcname AS tablespace,
+    c.relhasindex AS hasindexes,
+    c.relispopulated AS ispopulated,
+    pg_get_viewdef(c.oid) AS definition
+   FROM ((pg_class c
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_tablespace t ON ((t.oid = c.reltablespace)))
+  WHERE (c.relkind = 'm'::"char");
+pg_policies| SELECT n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname AS tablename,
+    pol.polname AS policyname,
+        CASE
+            WHEN pol.polpermissive THEN 'PERMISSIVE'::text
+            ELSE 'RESTRICTIVE'::text
+        END AS permissive,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (pol.polroles = '{0}'::oid[]) THEN (string_to_array('public'::text, ''::text))::name[]
+            ELSE ARRAY( SELECT pg_authid.rolname
+               FROM pg_authid
+              WHERE (pg_authid.oid = ANY (pol.polroles))
+              ORDER BY pg_authid.rolname)
+        END AS roles,
+        CASE pol.polcmd
+            WHEN 'r'::"char" THEN 'SELECT'::text
+            WHEN 'a'::"char" THEN 'INSERT'::text
+            WHEN 'w'::"char" THEN 'UPDATE'::text
+            WHEN 'd'::"char" THEN 'DELETE'::text
+            WHEN '*'::"char" THEN 'ALL'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS cmd,
+    pg_get_expr(pol.polqual, pol.polrelid) AS qual,
+    pg_get_expr(pol.polwithcheck, pol.polrelid) AS with_check
+   FROM ((pg_policy pol
+     JOIN pg_class c ON ((c.oid = pol.polrelid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)));
+pg_prepared_statements| SELECT p.name,
+    p.statement,
+    p.prepare_time,
+    p.parameter_types,
+    p.from_sql,
+    p.generic_plans,
+    p.custom_plans
+   FROM pg_prepared_statement() p(name, statement, prepare_time, parameter_types, from_sql, generic_plans, custom_plans);
+pg_prepared_xacts| SELECT p.transaction,
+    p.gid,
+    p.prepared,
+    u.rolname AS owner,
+    d.datname AS database
+   FROM ((pg_prepared_xact() p(transaction, gid, prepared, ownerid, dbid)
+     LEFT JOIN pg_authid u ON ((p.ownerid = u.oid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON ((p.dbid = d.oid)));
+pg_publication_tables| SELECT p.pubname,
+    n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname AS tablename,
+    ( SELECT array_agg(a.attname ORDER BY a.attnum) AS array_agg
+           FROM pg_attribute a
+          WHERE ((a.attrelid = gpt.relid) AND (a.attnum > 0) AND (NOT a.attisdropped) AND ((a.attnum = ANY ((gpt.attrs)::smallint[])) OR (gpt.attrs IS NULL)))) AS attnames,
+    pg_get_expr(gpt.qual, gpt.relid) AS rowfilter
+   FROM pg_publication p,
+    LATERAL pg_get_publication_tables((p.pubname)::text) gpt(relid, attrs, qual),
+    (pg_class c
+     JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+  WHERE (c.oid = gpt.relid);
+pg_replication_origin_status| SELECT pg_show_replication_origin_status.local_id,
+    pg_show_replication_origin_status.external_id,
+    pg_show_replication_origin_status.remote_lsn,
+    pg_show_replication_origin_status.local_lsn
+   FROM pg_show_replication_origin_status() pg_show_replication_origin_status(local_id, external_id, remote_lsn, local_lsn);
+pg_replication_slots| SELECT l.slot_name,
+    l.plugin,
+    l.slot_type,
+    l.datoid,
+    d.datname AS database,
+    l.temporary,
+    l.active,
+    l.active_pid,
+    l.xmin,
+    l.catalog_xmin,
+    l.restart_lsn,
+    l.confirmed_flush_lsn,
+    l.wal_status,
+    l.safe_wal_size,
+    l.two_phase
+   FROM (pg_get_replication_slots() l(slot_name, plugin, slot_type, datoid, temporary, active, active_pid, xmin, catalog_xmin, restart_lsn, confirmed_flush_lsn, wal_status, safe_wal_size, two_phase)
+     LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON ((l.datoid = d.oid)));
+pg_roles| SELECT pg_authid.rolname,
+    pg_authid.rolsuper,
+    pg_authid.rolinherit,
+    pg_authid.rolcreaterole,
+    pg_authid.rolcreatedb,
+    pg_authid.rolcanlogin,
+    pg_authid.rolreplication,
+    pg_authid.rolconnlimit,
+    '********'::text AS rolpassword,
+    pg_authid.rolvaliduntil,
+    pg_authid.rolbypassrls,
+    s.setconfig AS rolconfig,
+    pg_authid.oid
+   FROM (pg_authid
+     LEFT JOIN pg_db_role_setting s ON (((pg_authid.oid = s.setrole) AND (s.setdatabase = (0)::oid))));
+pg_rules| SELECT n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname AS tablename,
+    r.rulename,
+    pg_get_ruledef(r.oid) AS definition
+   FROM ((pg_rewrite r
+     JOIN pg_class c ON ((c.oid = r.ev_class)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+  WHERE (r.rulename <> '_RETURN'::name);
+pg_seclabels| SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    l.objsubid,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (rel.relkind = ANY (ARRAY['r'::"char", 'p'::"char"])) THEN 'table'::text
+            WHEN (rel.relkind = 'v'::"char") THEN 'view'::text
+            WHEN (rel.relkind = 'm'::"char") THEN 'materialized view'::text
+            WHEN (rel.relkind = 'S'::"char") THEN 'sequence'::text
+            WHEN (rel.relkind = 'f'::"char") THEN 'foreign table'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS objtype,
+    rel.relnamespace AS objnamespace,
+        CASE
+            WHEN pg_table_is_visible(rel.oid) THEN quote_ident((rel.relname)::text)
+            ELSE ((quote_ident((nsp.nspname)::text) || '.'::text) || quote_ident((rel.relname)::text))
+        END AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM ((pg_seclabel l
+     JOIN pg_class rel ON (((l.classoid = rel.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = rel.oid))))
+     JOIN pg_namespace nsp ON ((rel.relnamespace = nsp.oid)))
+  WHERE (l.objsubid = 0)
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    l.objsubid,
+    'column'::text AS objtype,
+    rel.relnamespace AS objnamespace,
+    ((
+        CASE
+            WHEN pg_table_is_visible(rel.oid) THEN quote_ident((rel.relname)::text)
+            ELSE ((quote_ident((nsp.nspname)::text) || '.'::text) || quote_ident((rel.relname)::text))
+        END || '.'::text) || (att.attname)::text) AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM (((pg_seclabel l
+     JOIN pg_class rel ON (((l.classoid = rel.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = rel.oid))))
+     JOIN pg_attribute att ON (((rel.oid = att.attrelid) AND (l.objsubid = att.attnum))))
+     JOIN pg_namespace nsp ON ((rel.relnamespace = nsp.oid)))
+  WHERE (l.objsubid <> 0)
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    l.objsubid,
+        CASE pro.prokind
+            WHEN 'a'::"char" THEN 'aggregate'::text
+            WHEN 'f'::"char" THEN 'function'::text
+            WHEN 'p'::"char" THEN 'procedure'::text
+            WHEN 'w'::"char" THEN 'window'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS objtype,
+    pro.pronamespace AS objnamespace,
+    (((
+        CASE
+            WHEN pg_function_is_visible(pro.oid) THEN quote_ident((pro.proname)::text)
+            ELSE ((quote_ident((nsp.nspname)::text) || '.'::text) || quote_ident((pro.proname)::text))
+        END || '('::text) || pg_get_function_arguments(pro.oid)) || ')'::text) AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM ((pg_seclabel l
+     JOIN pg_proc pro ON (((l.classoid = pro.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = pro.oid))))
+     JOIN pg_namespace nsp ON ((pro.pronamespace = nsp.oid)))
+  WHERE (l.objsubid = 0)
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    l.objsubid,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (typ.typtype = 'd'::"char") THEN 'domain'::text
+            ELSE 'type'::text
+        END AS objtype,
+    typ.typnamespace AS objnamespace,
+        CASE
+            WHEN pg_type_is_visible(typ.oid) THEN quote_ident((typ.typname)::text)
+            ELSE ((quote_ident((nsp.nspname)::text) || '.'::text) || quote_ident((typ.typname)::text))
+        END AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM ((pg_seclabel l
+     JOIN pg_type typ ON (((l.classoid = typ.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = typ.oid))))
+     JOIN pg_namespace nsp ON ((typ.typnamespace = nsp.oid)))
+  WHERE (l.objsubid = 0)
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    l.objsubid,
+    'large object'::text AS objtype,
+    NULL::oid AS objnamespace,
+    (l.objoid)::text AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM (pg_seclabel l
+     JOIN pg_largeobject_metadata lom ON ((l.objoid = lom.oid)))
+  WHERE ((l.classoid = ('pg_largeobject'::regclass)::oid) AND (l.objsubid = 0))
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    l.objsubid,
+    'language'::text AS objtype,
+    NULL::oid AS objnamespace,
+    quote_ident((lan.lanname)::text) AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM (pg_seclabel l
+     JOIN pg_language lan ON (((l.classoid = lan.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = lan.oid))))
+  WHERE (l.objsubid = 0)
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    l.objsubid,
+    'schema'::text AS objtype,
+    nsp.oid AS objnamespace,
+    quote_ident((nsp.nspname)::text) AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM (pg_seclabel l
+     JOIN pg_namespace nsp ON (((l.classoid = nsp.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = nsp.oid))))
+  WHERE (l.objsubid = 0)
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    l.objsubid,
+    'event trigger'::text AS objtype,
+    NULL::oid AS objnamespace,
+    quote_ident((evt.evtname)::text) AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM (pg_seclabel l
+     JOIN pg_event_trigger evt ON (((l.classoid = evt.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = evt.oid))))
+  WHERE (l.objsubid = 0)
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    l.objsubid,
+    'publication'::text AS objtype,
+    NULL::oid AS objnamespace,
+    quote_ident((p.pubname)::text) AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM (pg_seclabel l
+     JOIN pg_publication p ON (((l.classoid = p.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = p.oid))))
+  WHERE (l.objsubid = 0)
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    0 AS objsubid,
+    'subscription'::text AS objtype,
+    NULL::oid AS objnamespace,
+    quote_ident((s.subname)::text) AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM (pg_shseclabel l
+     JOIN pg_subscription s ON (((l.classoid = s.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = s.oid))))
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    0 AS objsubid,
+    'database'::text AS objtype,
+    NULL::oid AS objnamespace,
+    quote_ident((dat.datname)::text) AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM (pg_shseclabel l
+     JOIN pg_database dat ON (((l.classoid = dat.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = dat.oid))))
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    0 AS objsubid,
+    'tablespace'::text AS objtype,
+    NULL::oid AS objnamespace,
+    quote_ident((spc.spcname)::text) AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM (pg_shseclabel l
+     JOIN pg_tablespace spc ON (((l.classoid = spc.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = spc.oid))))
+UNION ALL
+ SELECT l.objoid,
+    l.classoid,
+    0 AS objsubid,
+    'role'::text AS objtype,
+    NULL::oid AS objnamespace,
+    quote_ident((rol.rolname)::text) AS objname,
+    l.provider,
+    l.label
+   FROM (pg_shseclabel l
+     JOIN pg_authid rol ON (((l.classoid = rol.tableoid) AND (l.objoid = rol.oid))));
+pg_sequences| SELECT n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname AS sequencename,
+    pg_get_userbyid(c.relowner) AS sequenceowner,
+    (s.seqtypid)::regtype AS data_type,
+    s.seqstart AS start_value,
+    s.seqmin AS min_value,
+    s.seqmax AS max_value,
+    s.seqincrement AS increment_by,
+    s.seqcycle AS cycle,
+    s.seqcache AS cache_size,
+        CASE
+            WHEN has_sequence_privilege(c.oid, 'SELECT,USAGE'::text) THEN pg_sequence_last_value((c.oid)::regclass)
+            ELSE NULL::bigint
+        END AS last_value
+   FROM ((pg_sequence s
+     JOIN pg_class c ON ((c.oid = s.seqrelid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+  WHERE ((NOT pg_is_other_temp_schema(n.oid)) AND (c.relkind = 'S'::"char"));
+pg_settings| SELECT a.name,
+    a.setting,
+    a.unit,
+    a.category,
+    a.short_desc,
+    a.extra_desc,
+    a.context,
+    a.vartype,
+    a.source,
+    a.min_val,
+    a.max_val,
+    a.enumvals,
+    a.boot_val,
+    a.reset_val,
+    a.sourcefile,
+    a.sourceline,
+    a.pending_restart
+   FROM pg_show_all_settings() a(name, setting, unit, category, short_desc, extra_desc, context, vartype, source, min_val, max_val, enumvals, boot_val, reset_val, sourcefile, sourceline, pending_restart);
+pg_shadow| SELECT pg_authid.rolname AS usename,
+    pg_authid.oid AS usesysid,
+    pg_authid.rolcreatedb AS usecreatedb,
+    pg_authid.rolsuper AS usesuper,
+    pg_authid.rolreplication AS userepl,
+    pg_authid.rolbypassrls AS usebypassrls,
+    pg_authid.rolpassword AS passwd,
+    pg_authid.rolvaliduntil AS valuntil,
+    s.setconfig AS useconfig
+   FROM (pg_authid
+     LEFT JOIN pg_db_role_setting s ON (((pg_authid.oid = s.setrole) AND (s.setdatabase = (0)::oid))))
+  WHERE pg_authid.rolcanlogin;
+pg_shmem_allocations| SELECT pg_get_shmem_allocations.name,
+    pg_get_shmem_allocations.off,
+    pg_get_shmem_allocations.size,
+    pg_get_shmem_allocations.allocated_size
+   FROM pg_get_shmem_allocations() pg_get_shmem_allocations(name, off, size, allocated_size);
+pg_stat_activity| SELECT s.datid,
+    d.datname,
+    s.pid,
+    s.leader_pid,
+    s.usesysid,
+    u.rolname AS usename,
+    s.application_name,
+    s.client_addr,
+    s.client_hostname,
+    s.client_port,
+    s.backend_start,
+    s.xact_start,
+    s.query_start,
+    s.state_change,
+    s.wait_event_type,
+    s.wait_event,
+    s.state,
+    s.backend_xid,
+    s.backend_xmin,
+    s.query_id,
+    s.query,
+    s.backend_type
+   FROM ((pg_stat_get_activity(NULL::integer) s(datid, pid, usesysid, application_name, state, query, wait_event_type, wait_event, xact_start, query_start, backend_start, state_change, client_addr, client_hostname, client_port, backend_xid, backend_xmin, backend_type, ssl, sslversion, sslcipher, sslbits, ssl_client_dn, ssl_client_serial, ssl_issuer_dn, gss_auth, gss_princ, gss_enc, leader_pid, query_id)
+     LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON ((s.datid = d.oid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_authid u ON ((s.usesysid = u.oid)));
+pg_stat_all_indexes| SELECT c.oid AS relid,
+    i.oid AS indexrelid,
+    n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname,
+    i.relname AS indexrelname,
+    pg_stat_get_numscans(i.oid) AS idx_scan,
+    pg_stat_get_tuples_returned(i.oid) AS idx_tup_read,
+    pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched(i.oid) AS idx_tup_fetch
+   FROM (((pg_class c
+     JOIN pg_index x ON ((c.oid = x.indrelid)))
+     JOIN pg_class i ON ((i.oid = x.indexrelid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+  WHERE (c.relkind = ANY (ARRAY['r'::"char", 't'::"char", 'm'::"char"]));
+pg_stat_all_tables| SELECT c.oid AS relid,
+    n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname,
+    pg_stat_get_numscans(c.oid) AS seq_scan,
+    pg_stat_get_tuples_returned(c.oid) AS seq_tup_read,
+    (sum(pg_stat_get_numscans(i.indexrelid)))::bigint AS idx_scan,
+    ((sum(pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched(i.indexrelid)))::bigint + pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched(c.oid)) AS idx_tup_fetch,
+    pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted(c.oid) AS n_tup_ins,
+    pg_stat_get_tuples_updated(c.oid) AS n_tup_upd,
+    pg_stat_get_tuples_deleted(c.oid) AS n_tup_del,
+    pg_stat_get_tuples_hot_updated(c.oid) AS n_tup_hot_upd,
+    pg_stat_get_live_tuples(c.oid) AS n_live_tup,
+    pg_stat_get_dead_tuples(c.oid) AS n_dead_tup,
+    pg_stat_get_mod_since_analyze(c.oid) AS n_mod_since_analyze,
+    pg_stat_get_ins_since_vacuum(c.oid) AS n_ins_since_vacuum,
+    pg_stat_get_last_vacuum_time(c.oid) AS last_vacuum,
+    pg_stat_get_last_autovacuum_time(c.oid) AS last_autovacuum,
+    pg_stat_get_last_analyze_time(c.oid) AS last_analyze,
+    pg_stat_get_last_autoanalyze_time(c.oid) AS last_autoanalyze,
+    pg_stat_get_vacuum_count(c.oid) AS vacuum_count,
+    pg_stat_get_autovacuum_count(c.oid) AS autovacuum_count,
+    pg_stat_get_analyze_count(c.oid) AS analyze_count,
+    pg_stat_get_autoanalyze_count(c.oid) AS autoanalyze_count
+   FROM ((pg_class c
+     LEFT JOIN pg_index i ON ((c.oid = i.indrelid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+  WHERE (c.relkind = ANY (ARRAY['r'::"char", 't'::"char", 'm'::"char", 'p'::"char"]))
+  GROUP BY c.oid, n.nspname, c.relname;
+pg_stat_archiver| SELECT s.archived_count,
+    s.last_archived_wal,
+    s.last_archived_time,
+    s.failed_count,
+    s.last_failed_wal,
+    s.last_failed_time,
+    s.stats_reset
+   FROM pg_stat_get_archiver() s(archived_count, last_archived_wal, last_archived_time, failed_count, last_failed_wal, last_failed_time, stats_reset);
+pg_stat_bgwriter| SELECT pg_stat_get_bgwriter_timed_checkpoints() AS checkpoints_timed,
+    pg_stat_get_bgwriter_requested_checkpoints() AS checkpoints_req,
+    pg_stat_get_checkpoint_write_time() AS checkpoint_write_time,
+    pg_stat_get_checkpoint_sync_time() AS checkpoint_sync_time,
+    pg_stat_get_bgwriter_buf_written_checkpoints() AS buffers_checkpoint,
+    pg_stat_get_bgwriter_buf_written_clean() AS buffers_clean,
+    pg_stat_get_bgwriter_maxwritten_clean() AS maxwritten_clean,
+    pg_stat_get_buf_written_backend() AS buffers_backend,
+    pg_stat_get_buf_fsync_backend() AS buffers_backend_fsync,
+    pg_stat_get_buf_alloc() AS buffers_alloc,
+    pg_stat_get_bgwriter_stat_reset_time() AS stats_reset;
+pg_stat_database| SELECT d.oid AS datid,
+    d.datname,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (d.oid = (0)::oid) THEN 0
+            ELSE pg_stat_get_db_numbackends(d.oid)
+        END AS numbackends,
+    pg_stat_get_db_xact_commit(d.oid) AS xact_commit,
+    pg_stat_get_db_xact_rollback(d.oid) AS xact_rollback,
+    (pg_stat_get_db_blocks_fetched(d.oid) - pg_stat_get_db_blocks_hit(d.oid)) AS blks_read,
+    pg_stat_get_db_blocks_hit(d.oid) AS blks_hit,
+    pg_stat_get_db_tuples_returned(d.oid) AS tup_returned,
+    pg_stat_get_db_tuples_fetched(d.oid) AS tup_fetched,
+    pg_stat_get_db_tuples_inserted(d.oid) AS tup_inserted,
+    pg_stat_get_db_tuples_updated(d.oid) AS tup_updated,
+    pg_stat_get_db_tuples_deleted(d.oid) AS tup_deleted,
+    pg_stat_get_db_conflict_all(d.oid) AS conflicts,
+    pg_stat_get_db_temp_files(d.oid) AS temp_files,
+    pg_stat_get_db_temp_bytes(d.oid) AS temp_bytes,
+    pg_stat_get_db_deadlocks(d.oid) AS deadlocks,
+    pg_stat_get_db_checksum_failures(d.oid) AS checksum_failures,
+    pg_stat_get_db_checksum_last_failure(d.oid) AS checksum_last_failure,
+    pg_stat_get_db_blk_read_time(d.oid) AS blk_read_time,
+    pg_stat_get_db_blk_write_time(d.oid) AS blk_write_time,
+    pg_stat_get_db_session_time(d.oid) AS session_time,
+    pg_stat_get_db_active_time(d.oid) AS active_time,
+    pg_stat_get_db_idle_in_transaction_time(d.oid) AS idle_in_transaction_time,
+    pg_stat_get_db_sessions(d.oid) AS sessions,
+    pg_stat_get_db_sessions_abandoned(d.oid) AS sessions_abandoned,
+    pg_stat_get_db_sessions_fatal(d.oid) AS sessions_fatal,
+    pg_stat_get_db_sessions_killed(d.oid) AS sessions_killed,
+    pg_stat_get_db_stat_reset_time(d.oid) AS stats_reset
+   FROM ( SELECT 0 AS oid,
+            NULL::name AS datname
+        UNION ALL
+         SELECT pg_database.oid,
+            pg_database.datname
+           FROM pg_database) d;
+pg_stat_database_conflicts| SELECT d.oid AS datid,
+    d.datname,
+    pg_stat_get_db_conflict_tablespace(d.oid) AS confl_tablespace,
+    pg_stat_get_db_conflict_lock(d.oid) AS confl_lock,
+    pg_stat_get_db_conflict_snapshot(d.oid) AS confl_snapshot,
+    pg_stat_get_db_conflict_bufferpin(d.oid) AS confl_bufferpin,
+    pg_stat_get_db_conflict_startup_deadlock(d.oid) AS confl_deadlock
+   FROM pg_database d;
+pg_stat_gssapi| SELECT s.pid,
+    s.gss_auth AS gss_authenticated,
+    s.gss_princ AS principal,
+    s.gss_enc AS encrypted
+   FROM pg_stat_get_activity(NULL::integer) s(datid, pid, usesysid, application_name, state, query, wait_event_type, wait_event, xact_start, query_start, backend_start, state_change, client_addr, client_hostname, client_port, backend_xid, backend_xmin, backend_type, ssl, sslversion, sslcipher, sslbits, ssl_client_dn, ssl_client_serial, ssl_issuer_dn, gss_auth, gss_princ, gss_enc, leader_pid, query_id)
+  WHERE (s.client_port IS NOT NULL);
+pg_stat_progress_analyze| SELECT s.pid,
+    s.datid,
+    d.datname,
+    s.relid,
+        CASE s.param1
+            WHEN 0 THEN 'initializing'::text
+            WHEN 1 THEN 'acquiring sample rows'::text
+            WHEN 2 THEN 'acquiring inherited sample rows'::text
+            WHEN 3 THEN 'computing statistics'::text
+            WHEN 4 THEN 'computing extended statistics'::text
+            WHEN 5 THEN 'finalizing analyze'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS phase,
+    s.param2 AS sample_blks_total,
+    s.param3 AS sample_blks_scanned,
+    s.param4 AS ext_stats_total,
+    s.param5 AS ext_stats_computed,
+    s.param6 AS child_tables_total,
+    s.param7 AS child_tables_done,
+    (s.param8)::oid AS current_child_table_relid
+   FROM (pg_stat_get_progress_info('ANALYZE'::text) s(pid, datid, relid, param1, param2, param3, param4, param5, param6, param7, param8, param9, param10, param11, param12, param13, param14, param15, param16, param17, param18, param19, param20)
+     LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON ((s.datid = d.oid)));
+pg_stat_progress_basebackup| SELECT s.pid,
+        CASE s.param1
+            WHEN 0 THEN 'initializing'::text
+            WHEN 1 THEN 'waiting for checkpoint to finish'::text
+            WHEN 2 THEN 'estimating backup size'::text
+            WHEN 3 THEN 'streaming database files'::text
+            WHEN 4 THEN 'waiting for wal archiving to finish'::text
+            WHEN 5 THEN 'transferring wal files'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS phase,
+        CASE s.param2
+            WHEN '-1'::integer THEN NULL::bigint
+            ELSE s.param2
+        END AS backup_total,
+    s.param3 AS backup_streamed,
+    s.param4 AS tablespaces_total,
+    s.param5 AS tablespaces_streamed
+   FROM pg_stat_get_progress_info('BASEBACKUP'::text) s(pid, datid, relid, param1, param2, param3, param4, param5, param6, param7, param8, param9, param10, param11, param12, param13, param14, param15, param16, param17, param18, param19, param20);
+pg_stat_progress_cluster| SELECT s.pid,
+    s.datid,
+    d.datname,
+    s.relid,
+        CASE s.param1
+            WHEN 1 THEN 'CLUSTER'::text
+            WHEN 2 THEN 'VACUUM FULL'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS command,
+        CASE s.param2
+            WHEN 0 THEN 'initializing'::text
+            WHEN 1 THEN 'seq scanning heap'::text
+            WHEN 2 THEN 'index scanning heap'::text
+            WHEN 3 THEN 'sorting tuples'::text
+            WHEN 4 THEN 'writing new heap'::text
+            WHEN 5 THEN 'swapping relation files'::text
+            WHEN 6 THEN 'rebuilding index'::text
+            WHEN 7 THEN 'performing final cleanup'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS phase,
+    (s.param3)::oid AS cluster_index_relid,
+    s.param4 AS heap_tuples_scanned,
+    s.param5 AS heap_tuples_written,
+    s.param6 AS heap_blks_total,
+    s.param7 AS heap_blks_scanned,
+    s.param8 AS index_rebuild_count
+   FROM (pg_stat_get_progress_info('CLUSTER'::text) s(pid, datid, relid, param1, param2, param3, param4, param5, param6, param7, param8, param9, param10, param11, param12, param13, param14, param15, param16, param17, param18, param19, param20)
+     LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON ((s.datid = d.oid)));
+pg_stat_progress_copy| SELECT s.pid,
+    s.datid,
+    d.datname,
+    s.relid,
+        CASE s.param5
+            WHEN 1 THEN 'COPY FROM'::text
+            WHEN 2 THEN 'COPY TO'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS command,
+        CASE s.param6
+            WHEN 1 THEN 'FILE'::text
+            WHEN 2 THEN 'PROGRAM'::text
+            WHEN 3 THEN 'PIPE'::text
+            WHEN 4 THEN 'CALLBACK'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS type,
+    s.param1 AS bytes_processed,
+    s.param2 AS bytes_total,
+    s.param3 AS tuples_processed,
+    s.param4 AS tuples_excluded
+   FROM (pg_stat_get_progress_info('COPY'::text) s(pid, datid, relid, param1, param2, param3, param4, param5, param6, param7, param8, param9, param10, param11, param12, param13, param14, param15, param16, param17, param18, param19, param20)
+     LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON ((s.datid = d.oid)));
+pg_stat_progress_create_index| SELECT s.pid,
+    s.datid,
+    d.datname,
+    s.relid,
+    (s.param7)::oid AS index_relid,
+        CASE s.param1
+            WHEN 1 THEN 'CREATE INDEX'::text
+            WHEN 2 THEN 'CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY'::text
+            WHEN 3 THEN 'REINDEX'::text
+            WHEN 4 THEN 'REINDEX CONCURRENTLY'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS command,
+        CASE s.param10
+            WHEN 0 THEN 'initializing'::text
+            WHEN 1 THEN 'waiting for writers before build'::text
+            WHEN 2 THEN ('building index'::text || COALESCE((': '::text || pg_indexam_progress_phasename((s.param9)::oid, s.param11)), ''::text))
+            WHEN 3 THEN 'waiting for writers before validation'::text
+            WHEN 4 THEN 'index validation: scanning index'::text
+            WHEN 5 THEN 'index validation: sorting tuples'::text
+            WHEN 6 THEN 'index validation: scanning table'::text
+            WHEN 7 THEN 'waiting for old snapshots'::text
+            WHEN 8 THEN 'waiting for readers before marking dead'::text
+            WHEN 9 THEN 'waiting for readers before dropping'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS phase,
+    s.param4 AS lockers_total,
+    s.param5 AS lockers_done,
+    s.param6 AS current_locker_pid,
+    s.param16 AS blocks_total,
+    s.param17 AS blocks_done,
+    s.param12 AS tuples_total,
+    s.param13 AS tuples_done,
+    s.param14 AS partitions_total,
+    s.param15 AS partitions_done
+   FROM (pg_stat_get_progress_info('CREATE INDEX'::text) s(pid, datid, relid, param1, param2, param3, param4, param5, param6, param7, param8, param9, param10, param11, param12, param13, param14, param15, param16, param17, param18, param19, param20)
+     LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON ((s.datid = d.oid)));
+pg_stat_progress_vacuum| SELECT s.pid,
+    s.datid,
+    d.datname,
+    s.relid,
+        CASE s.param1
+            WHEN 0 THEN 'initializing'::text
+            WHEN 1 THEN 'scanning heap'::text
+            WHEN 2 THEN 'vacuuming indexes'::text
+            WHEN 3 THEN 'vacuuming heap'::text
+            WHEN 4 THEN 'cleaning up indexes'::text
+            WHEN 5 THEN 'truncating heap'::text
+            WHEN 6 THEN 'performing final cleanup'::text
+            ELSE NULL::text
+        END AS phase,
+    s.param2 AS heap_blks_total,
+    s.param3 AS heap_blks_scanned,
+    s.param4 AS heap_blks_vacuumed,
+    s.param5 AS index_vacuum_count,
+    s.param6 AS max_dead_tuples,
+    s.param7 AS num_dead_tuples
+   FROM (pg_stat_get_progress_info('VACUUM'::text) s(pid, datid, relid, param1, param2, param3, param4, param5, param6, param7, param8, param9, param10, param11, param12, param13, param14, param15, param16, param17, param18, param19, param20)
+     LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON ((s.datid = d.oid)));
+pg_stat_recovery_prefetch| SELECT s.stats_reset,
+    s.prefetch,
+    s.hit,
+    s.skip_init,
+    s.skip_new,
+    s.skip_fpw,
+    s.skip_rep,
+    s.wal_distance,
+    s.block_distance,
+    s.io_depth
+   FROM pg_stat_get_recovery_prefetch() s(stats_reset, prefetch, hit, skip_init, skip_new, skip_fpw, skip_rep, wal_distance, block_distance, io_depth);
+pg_stat_replication| SELECT s.pid,
+    s.usesysid,
+    u.rolname AS usename,
+    s.application_name,
+    s.client_addr,
+    s.client_hostname,
+    s.client_port,
+    s.backend_start,
+    s.backend_xmin,
+    w.state,
+    w.sent_lsn,
+    w.write_lsn,
+    w.flush_lsn,
+    w.replay_lsn,
+    w.write_lag,
+    w.flush_lag,
+    w.replay_lag,
+    w.sync_priority,
+    w.sync_state,
+    w.reply_time
+   FROM ((pg_stat_get_activity(NULL::integer) s(datid, pid, usesysid, application_name, state, query, wait_event_type, wait_event, xact_start, query_start, backend_start, state_change, client_addr, client_hostname, client_port, backend_xid, backend_xmin, backend_type, ssl, sslversion, sslcipher, sslbits, ssl_client_dn, ssl_client_serial, ssl_issuer_dn, gss_auth, gss_princ, gss_enc, leader_pid, query_id)
+     JOIN pg_stat_get_wal_senders() w(pid, state, sent_lsn, write_lsn, flush_lsn, replay_lsn, write_lag, flush_lag, replay_lag, sync_priority, sync_state, reply_time) ON ((s.pid = w.pid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_authid u ON ((s.usesysid = u.oid)));
+pg_stat_replication_slots| SELECT s.slot_name,
+    s.spill_txns,
+    s.spill_count,
+    s.spill_bytes,
+    s.stream_txns,
+    s.stream_count,
+    s.stream_bytes,
+    s.total_txns,
+    s.total_bytes,
+    s.stats_reset
+   FROM pg_replication_slots r,
+    LATERAL pg_stat_get_replication_slot((r.slot_name)::text) s(slot_name, spill_txns, spill_count, spill_bytes, stream_txns, stream_count, stream_bytes, total_txns, total_bytes, stats_reset)
+  WHERE (r.datoid IS NOT NULL);
+pg_stat_slru| SELECT s.name,
+    s.blks_zeroed,
+    s.blks_hit,
+    s.blks_read,
+    s.blks_written,
+    s.blks_exists,
+    s.flushes,
+    s.truncates,
+    s.stats_reset
+   FROM pg_stat_get_slru() s(name, blks_zeroed, blks_hit, blks_read, blks_written, blks_exists, flushes, truncates, stats_reset);
+pg_stat_ssl| SELECT s.pid,
+    s.ssl,
+    s.sslversion AS version,
+    s.sslcipher AS cipher,
+    s.sslbits AS bits,
+    s.ssl_client_dn AS client_dn,
+    s.ssl_client_serial AS client_serial,
+    s.ssl_issuer_dn AS issuer_dn
+   FROM pg_stat_get_activity(NULL::integer) s(datid, pid, usesysid, application_name, state, query, wait_event_type, wait_event, xact_start, query_start, backend_start, state_change, client_addr, client_hostname, client_port, backend_xid, backend_xmin, backend_type, ssl, sslversion, sslcipher, sslbits, ssl_client_dn, ssl_client_serial, ssl_issuer_dn, gss_auth, gss_princ, gss_enc, leader_pid, query_id)
+  WHERE (s.client_port IS NOT NULL);
+pg_stat_subscription| SELECT su.oid AS subid,
+    su.subname,
+    st.pid,
+    st.relid,
+    st.received_lsn,
+    st.last_msg_send_time,
+    st.last_msg_receipt_time,
+    st.latest_end_lsn,
+    st.latest_end_time
+   FROM (pg_subscription su
+     LEFT JOIN pg_stat_get_subscription(NULL::oid) st(subid, relid, pid, received_lsn, last_msg_send_time, last_msg_receipt_time, latest_end_lsn, latest_end_time) ON ((st.subid = su.oid)));
+pg_stat_subscription_stats| SELECT ss.subid,
+    s.subname,
+    ss.apply_error_count,
+    ss.sync_error_count,
+    ss.stats_reset
+   FROM pg_subscription s,
+    LATERAL pg_stat_get_subscription_stats(s.oid) ss(subid, apply_error_count, sync_error_count, stats_reset);
+pg_stat_sys_indexes| SELECT pg_stat_all_indexes.relid,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.indexrelid,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.schemaname,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.relname,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.indexrelname,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_scan,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch
+   FROM pg_stat_all_indexes
+  WHERE ((pg_stat_all_indexes.schemaname = ANY (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) OR (pg_stat_all_indexes.schemaname ~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_stat_sys_tables| SELECT pg_stat_all_tables.relid,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.schemaname,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.relname,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.seq_scan,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.seq_tup_read,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.idx_scan,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_tup_ins,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_tup_upd,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_tup_del,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_tup_hot_upd,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_live_tup,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_dead_tup,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_mod_since_analyze,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_ins_since_vacuum,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.last_vacuum,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.last_autovacuum,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.last_analyze,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.last_autoanalyze,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.vacuum_count,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.autovacuum_count,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.analyze_count,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.autoanalyze_count
+   FROM pg_stat_all_tables
+  WHERE ((pg_stat_all_tables.schemaname = ANY (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) OR (pg_stat_all_tables.schemaname ~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_stat_user_functions| SELECT p.oid AS funcid,
+    n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    p.proname AS funcname,
+    pg_stat_get_function_calls(p.oid) AS calls,
+    pg_stat_get_function_total_time(p.oid) AS total_time,
+    pg_stat_get_function_self_time(p.oid) AS self_time
+   FROM (pg_proc p
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = p.pronamespace)))
+  WHERE ((p.prolang <> (12)::oid) AND (pg_stat_get_function_calls(p.oid) IS NOT NULL));
+pg_stat_user_indexes| SELECT pg_stat_all_indexes.relid,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.indexrelid,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.schemaname,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.relname,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.indexrelname,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_scan,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read,
+    pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch
+   FROM pg_stat_all_indexes
+  WHERE ((pg_stat_all_indexes.schemaname <> ALL (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) AND (pg_stat_all_indexes.schemaname !~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_stat_user_tables| SELECT pg_stat_all_tables.relid,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.schemaname,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.relname,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.seq_scan,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.seq_tup_read,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.idx_scan,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_tup_ins,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_tup_upd,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_tup_del,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_tup_hot_upd,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_live_tup,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_dead_tup,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_mod_since_analyze,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.n_ins_since_vacuum,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.last_vacuum,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.last_autovacuum,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.last_analyze,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.last_autoanalyze,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.vacuum_count,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.autovacuum_count,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.analyze_count,
+    pg_stat_all_tables.autoanalyze_count
+   FROM pg_stat_all_tables
+  WHERE ((pg_stat_all_tables.schemaname <> ALL (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) AND (pg_stat_all_tables.schemaname !~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_stat_wal| SELECT w.wal_records,
+    w.wal_fpi,
+    w.wal_bytes,
+    w.wal_buffers_full,
+    w.wal_write,
+    w.wal_sync,
+    w.wal_write_time,
+    w.wal_sync_time,
+    w.stats_reset
+   FROM pg_stat_get_wal() w(wal_records, wal_fpi, wal_bytes, wal_buffers_full, wal_write, wal_sync, wal_write_time, wal_sync_time, stats_reset);
+pg_stat_wal_receiver| SELECT s.pid,
+    s.status,
+    s.receive_start_lsn,
+    s.receive_start_tli,
+    s.written_lsn,
+    s.flushed_lsn,
+    s.received_tli,
+    s.last_msg_send_time,
+    s.last_msg_receipt_time,
+    s.latest_end_lsn,
+    s.latest_end_time,
+    s.slot_name,
+    s.sender_host,
+    s.sender_port,
+    s.conninfo
+   FROM pg_stat_get_wal_receiver() s(pid, status, receive_start_lsn, receive_start_tli, written_lsn, flushed_lsn, received_tli, last_msg_send_time, last_msg_receipt_time, latest_end_lsn, latest_end_time, slot_name, sender_host, sender_port, conninfo)
+  WHERE (s.pid IS NOT NULL);
+pg_stat_xact_all_tables| SELECT c.oid AS relid,
+    n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname,
+    pg_stat_get_xact_numscans(c.oid) AS seq_scan,
+    pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_returned(c.oid) AS seq_tup_read,
+    (sum(pg_stat_get_xact_numscans(i.indexrelid)))::bigint AS idx_scan,
+    ((sum(pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_fetched(i.indexrelid)))::bigint + pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_fetched(c.oid)) AS idx_tup_fetch,
+    pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(c.oid) AS n_tup_ins,
+    pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_updated(c.oid) AS n_tup_upd,
+    pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_deleted(c.oid) AS n_tup_del,
+    pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_hot_updated(c.oid) AS n_tup_hot_upd
+   FROM ((pg_class c
+     LEFT JOIN pg_index i ON ((c.oid = i.indrelid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+  WHERE (c.relkind = ANY (ARRAY['r'::"char", 't'::"char", 'm'::"char", 'p'::"char"]))
+  GROUP BY c.oid, n.nspname, c.relname;
+pg_stat_xact_sys_tables| SELECT pg_stat_xact_all_tables.relid,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.schemaname,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.relname,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.seq_scan,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.seq_tup_read,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.idx_scan,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.n_tup_ins,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.n_tup_upd,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.n_tup_del,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.n_tup_hot_upd
+   FROM pg_stat_xact_all_tables
+  WHERE ((pg_stat_xact_all_tables.schemaname = ANY (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) OR (pg_stat_xact_all_tables.schemaname ~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_stat_xact_user_functions| SELECT p.oid AS funcid,
+    n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    p.proname AS funcname,
+    pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls(p.oid) AS calls,
+    pg_stat_get_xact_function_total_time(p.oid) AS total_time,
+    pg_stat_get_xact_function_self_time(p.oid) AS self_time
+   FROM (pg_proc p
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = p.pronamespace)))
+  WHERE ((p.prolang <> (12)::oid) AND (pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls(p.oid) IS NOT NULL));
+pg_stat_xact_user_tables| SELECT pg_stat_xact_all_tables.relid,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.schemaname,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.relname,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.seq_scan,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.seq_tup_read,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.idx_scan,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.n_tup_ins,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.n_tup_upd,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.n_tup_del,
+    pg_stat_xact_all_tables.n_tup_hot_upd
+   FROM pg_stat_xact_all_tables
+  WHERE ((pg_stat_xact_all_tables.schemaname <> ALL (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) AND (pg_stat_xact_all_tables.schemaname !~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_statio_all_indexes| SELECT c.oid AS relid,
+    i.oid AS indexrelid,
+    n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname,
+    i.relname AS indexrelname,
+    (pg_stat_get_blocks_fetched(i.oid) - pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(i.oid)) AS idx_blks_read,
+    pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(i.oid) AS idx_blks_hit
+   FROM (((pg_class c
+     JOIN pg_index x ON ((c.oid = x.indrelid)))
+     JOIN pg_class i ON ((i.oid = x.indexrelid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+  WHERE (c.relkind = ANY (ARRAY['r'::"char", 't'::"char", 'm'::"char"]));
+pg_statio_all_sequences| SELECT c.oid AS relid,
+    n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname,
+    (pg_stat_get_blocks_fetched(c.oid) - pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(c.oid)) AS blks_read,
+    pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(c.oid) AS blks_hit
+   FROM (pg_class c
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+  WHERE (c.relkind = 'S'::"char");
+pg_statio_all_tables| SELECT c.oid AS relid,
+    n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname,
+    (pg_stat_get_blocks_fetched(c.oid) - pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(c.oid)) AS heap_blks_read,
+    pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(c.oid) AS heap_blks_hit,
+    i.idx_blks_read,
+    i.idx_blks_hit,
+    (pg_stat_get_blocks_fetched(t.oid) - pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(t.oid)) AS toast_blks_read,
+    pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(t.oid) AS toast_blks_hit,
+    x.idx_blks_read AS tidx_blks_read,
+    x.idx_blks_hit AS tidx_blks_hit
+   FROM ((((pg_class c
+     LEFT JOIN pg_class t ON ((c.reltoastrelid = t.oid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+     LEFT JOIN LATERAL ( SELECT (sum((pg_stat_get_blocks_fetched(pg_index.indexrelid) - pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(pg_index.indexrelid))))::bigint AS idx_blks_read,
+            (sum(pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(pg_index.indexrelid)))::bigint AS idx_blks_hit
+           FROM pg_index
+          WHERE (pg_index.indrelid = c.oid)) i ON (true))
+     LEFT JOIN LATERAL ( SELECT (sum((pg_stat_get_blocks_fetched(pg_index.indexrelid) - pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(pg_index.indexrelid))))::bigint AS idx_blks_read,
+            (sum(pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(pg_index.indexrelid)))::bigint AS idx_blks_hit
+           FROM pg_index
+          WHERE (pg_index.indrelid = t.oid)) x ON (true))
+  WHERE (c.relkind = ANY (ARRAY['r'::"char", 't'::"char", 'm'::"char"]));
+pg_statio_sys_indexes| SELECT pg_statio_all_indexes.relid,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.indexrelid,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.schemaname,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.relname,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.indexrelname,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.idx_blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.idx_blks_hit
+   FROM pg_statio_all_indexes
+  WHERE ((pg_statio_all_indexes.schemaname = ANY (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) OR (pg_statio_all_indexes.schemaname ~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_statio_sys_sequences| SELECT pg_statio_all_sequences.relid,
+    pg_statio_all_sequences.schemaname,
+    pg_statio_all_sequences.relname,
+    pg_statio_all_sequences.blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_sequences.blks_hit
+   FROM pg_statio_all_sequences
+  WHERE ((pg_statio_all_sequences.schemaname = ANY (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) OR (pg_statio_all_sequences.schemaname ~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_statio_sys_tables| SELECT pg_statio_all_tables.relid,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.schemaname,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.relname,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.heap_blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.heap_blks_hit,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.idx_blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.idx_blks_hit,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.toast_blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.toast_blks_hit,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.tidx_blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.tidx_blks_hit
+   FROM pg_statio_all_tables
+  WHERE ((pg_statio_all_tables.schemaname = ANY (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) OR (pg_statio_all_tables.schemaname ~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_statio_user_indexes| SELECT pg_statio_all_indexes.relid,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.indexrelid,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.schemaname,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.relname,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.indexrelname,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.idx_blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_indexes.idx_blks_hit
+   FROM pg_statio_all_indexes
+  WHERE ((pg_statio_all_indexes.schemaname <> ALL (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) AND (pg_statio_all_indexes.schemaname !~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_statio_user_sequences| SELECT pg_statio_all_sequences.relid,
+    pg_statio_all_sequences.schemaname,
+    pg_statio_all_sequences.relname,
+    pg_statio_all_sequences.blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_sequences.blks_hit
+   FROM pg_statio_all_sequences
+  WHERE ((pg_statio_all_sequences.schemaname <> ALL (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) AND (pg_statio_all_sequences.schemaname !~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_statio_user_tables| SELECT pg_statio_all_tables.relid,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.schemaname,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.relname,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.heap_blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.heap_blks_hit,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.idx_blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.idx_blks_hit,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.toast_blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.toast_blks_hit,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.tidx_blks_read,
+    pg_statio_all_tables.tidx_blks_hit
+   FROM pg_statio_all_tables
+  WHERE ((pg_statio_all_tables.schemaname <> ALL (ARRAY['pg_catalog'::name, 'information_schema'::name])) AND (pg_statio_all_tables.schemaname !~ '^pg_toast'::text));
+pg_stats| SELECT n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname AS tablename,
+    a.attname,
+    s.stainherit AS inherited,
+    s.stanullfrac AS null_frac,
+    s.stawidth AS avg_width,
+    s.stadistinct AS n_distinct,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (s.stakind1 = 1) THEN s.stavalues1
+            WHEN (s.stakind2 = 1) THEN s.stavalues2
+            WHEN (s.stakind3 = 1) THEN s.stavalues3
+            WHEN (s.stakind4 = 1) THEN s.stavalues4
+            WHEN (s.stakind5 = 1) THEN s.stavalues5
+            ELSE NULL::anyarray
+        END AS most_common_vals,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (s.stakind1 = 1) THEN s.stanumbers1
+            WHEN (s.stakind2 = 1) THEN s.stanumbers2
+            WHEN (s.stakind3 = 1) THEN s.stanumbers3
+            WHEN (s.stakind4 = 1) THEN s.stanumbers4
+            WHEN (s.stakind5 = 1) THEN s.stanumbers5
+            ELSE NULL::real[]
+        END AS most_common_freqs,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (s.stakind1 = 2) THEN s.stavalues1
+            WHEN (s.stakind2 = 2) THEN s.stavalues2
+            WHEN (s.stakind3 = 2) THEN s.stavalues3
+            WHEN (s.stakind4 = 2) THEN s.stavalues4
+            WHEN (s.stakind5 = 2) THEN s.stavalues5
+            ELSE NULL::anyarray
+        END AS histogram_bounds,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (s.stakind1 = 3) THEN s.stanumbers1[1]
+            WHEN (s.stakind2 = 3) THEN s.stanumbers2[1]
+            WHEN (s.stakind3 = 3) THEN s.stanumbers3[1]
+            WHEN (s.stakind4 = 3) THEN s.stanumbers4[1]
+            WHEN (s.stakind5 = 3) THEN s.stanumbers5[1]
+            ELSE NULL::real
+        END AS correlation,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (s.stakind1 = 4) THEN s.stavalues1
+            WHEN (s.stakind2 = 4) THEN s.stavalues2
+            WHEN (s.stakind3 = 4) THEN s.stavalues3
+            WHEN (s.stakind4 = 4) THEN s.stavalues4
+            WHEN (s.stakind5 = 4) THEN s.stavalues5
+            ELSE NULL::anyarray
+        END AS most_common_elems,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (s.stakind1 = 4) THEN s.stanumbers1
+            WHEN (s.stakind2 = 4) THEN s.stanumbers2
+            WHEN (s.stakind3 = 4) THEN s.stanumbers3
+            WHEN (s.stakind4 = 4) THEN s.stanumbers4
+            WHEN (s.stakind5 = 4) THEN s.stanumbers5
+            ELSE NULL::real[]
+        END AS most_common_elem_freqs,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (s.stakind1 = 5) THEN s.stanumbers1
+            WHEN (s.stakind2 = 5) THEN s.stanumbers2
+            WHEN (s.stakind3 = 5) THEN s.stanumbers3
+            WHEN (s.stakind4 = 5) THEN s.stanumbers4
+            WHEN (s.stakind5 = 5) THEN s.stanumbers5
+            ELSE NULL::real[]
+        END AS elem_count_histogram
+   FROM (((pg_statistic s
+     JOIN pg_class c ON ((c.oid = s.starelid)))
+     JOIN pg_attribute a ON (((c.oid = a.attrelid) AND (a.attnum = s.staattnum))))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+  WHERE ((NOT a.attisdropped) AND has_column_privilege(c.oid, a.attnum, 'select'::text) AND ((c.relrowsecurity = false) OR (NOT row_security_active(c.oid))));
+pg_stats_ext| SELECT cn.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname AS tablename,
+    sn.nspname AS statistics_schemaname,
+    s.stxname AS statistics_name,
+    pg_get_userbyid(s.stxowner) AS statistics_owner,
+    ( SELECT array_agg(a.attname ORDER BY a.attnum) AS array_agg
+           FROM (unnest(s.stxkeys) k(k)
+             JOIN pg_attribute a ON (((a.attrelid = s.stxrelid) AND (a.attnum = k.k))))) AS attnames,
+    pg_get_statisticsobjdef_expressions(s.oid) AS exprs,
+    s.stxkind AS kinds,
+    sd.stxdinherit AS inherited,
+    sd.stxdndistinct AS n_distinct,
+    sd.stxddependencies AS dependencies,
+    m.most_common_vals,
+    m.most_common_val_nulls,
+    m.most_common_freqs,
+    m.most_common_base_freqs
+   FROM (((((pg_statistic_ext s
+     JOIN pg_class c ON ((c.oid = s.stxrelid)))
+     JOIN pg_statistic_ext_data sd ON ((s.oid = sd.stxoid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace cn ON ((cn.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace sn ON ((sn.oid = s.stxnamespace)))
+     LEFT JOIN LATERAL ( SELECT array_agg(pg_mcv_list_items."values") AS most_common_vals,
+            array_agg(pg_mcv_list_items.nulls) AS most_common_val_nulls,
+            array_agg(pg_mcv_list_items.frequency) AS most_common_freqs,
+            array_agg(pg_mcv_list_items.base_frequency) AS most_common_base_freqs
+           FROM pg_mcv_list_items(sd.stxdmcv) pg_mcv_list_items(index, "values", nulls, frequency, base_frequency)) m ON ((sd.stxdmcv IS NOT NULL)))
+  WHERE ((NOT (EXISTS ( SELECT 1
+           FROM (unnest(s.stxkeys) k(k)
+             JOIN pg_attribute a ON (((a.attrelid = s.stxrelid) AND (a.attnum = k.k))))
+          WHERE (NOT has_column_privilege(c.oid, a.attnum, 'select'::text))))) AND ((c.relrowsecurity = false) OR (NOT row_security_active(c.oid))));
+pg_stats_ext_exprs| SELECT cn.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname AS tablename,
+    sn.nspname AS statistics_schemaname,
+    s.stxname AS statistics_name,
+    pg_get_userbyid(s.stxowner) AS statistics_owner,
+    stat.expr,
+    sd.stxdinherit AS inherited,
+    (stat.a).stanullfrac AS null_frac,
+    (stat.a).stawidth AS avg_width,
+    (stat.a).stadistinct AS n_distinct,
+        CASE
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind1 = 1) THEN (stat.a).stavalues1
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind2 = 1) THEN (stat.a).stavalues2
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind3 = 1) THEN (stat.a).stavalues3
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind4 = 1) THEN (stat.a).stavalues4
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind5 = 1) THEN (stat.a).stavalues5
+            ELSE NULL::anyarray
+        END AS most_common_vals,
+        CASE
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind1 = 1) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers1
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind2 = 1) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers2
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind3 = 1) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers3
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind4 = 1) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers4
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind5 = 1) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers5
+            ELSE NULL::real[]
+        END AS most_common_freqs,
+        CASE
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind1 = 2) THEN (stat.a).stavalues1
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind2 = 2) THEN (stat.a).stavalues2
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind3 = 2) THEN (stat.a).stavalues3
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind4 = 2) THEN (stat.a).stavalues4
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind5 = 2) THEN (stat.a).stavalues5
+            ELSE NULL::anyarray
+        END AS histogram_bounds,
+        CASE
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind1 = 3) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers1[1]
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind2 = 3) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers2[1]
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind3 = 3) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers3[1]
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind4 = 3) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers4[1]
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind5 = 3) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers5[1]
+            ELSE NULL::real
+        END AS correlation,
+        CASE
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind1 = 4) THEN (stat.a).stavalues1
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind2 = 4) THEN (stat.a).stavalues2
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind3 = 4) THEN (stat.a).stavalues3
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind4 = 4) THEN (stat.a).stavalues4
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind5 = 4) THEN (stat.a).stavalues5
+            ELSE NULL::anyarray
+        END AS most_common_elems,
+        CASE
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind1 = 4) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers1
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind2 = 4) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers2
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind3 = 4) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers3
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind4 = 4) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers4
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind5 = 4) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers5
+            ELSE NULL::real[]
+        END AS most_common_elem_freqs,
+        CASE
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind1 = 5) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers1
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind2 = 5) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers2
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind3 = 5) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers3
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind4 = 5) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers4
+            WHEN ((stat.a).stakind5 = 5) THEN (stat.a).stanumbers5
+            ELSE NULL::real[]
+        END AS elem_count_histogram
+   FROM (((((pg_statistic_ext s
+     JOIN pg_class c ON ((c.oid = s.stxrelid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_statistic_ext_data sd ON ((s.oid = sd.stxoid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace cn ON ((cn.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace sn ON ((sn.oid = s.stxnamespace)))
+     JOIN LATERAL ( SELECT unnest(pg_get_statisticsobjdef_expressions(s.oid)) AS expr,
+            unnest(sd.stxdexpr) AS a) stat ON ((stat.expr IS NOT NULL)));
+pg_tables| SELECT n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname AS tablename,
+    pg_get_userbyid(c.relowner) AS tableowner,
+    t.spcname AS tablespace,
+    c.relhasindex AS hasindexes,
+    c.relhasrules AS hasrules,
+    c.relhastriggers AS hastriggers,
+    c.relrowsecurity AS rowsecurity
+   FROM ((pg_class c
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_tablespace t ON ((t.oid = c.reltablespace)))
+  WHERE (c.relkind = ANY (ARRAY['r'::"char", 'p'::"char"]));
+pg_timezone_abbrevs| SELECT pg_timezone_abbrevs.abbrev,
+    pg_timezone_abbrevs.utc_offset,
+    pg_timezone_abbrevs.is_dst
+   FROM pg_timezone_abbrevs() pg_timezone_abbrevs(abbrev, utc_offset, is_dst);
+pg_timezone_names| SELECT pg_timezone_names.name,
+    pg_timezone_names.abbrev,
+    pg_timezone_names.utc_offset,
+    pg_timezone_names.is_dst
+   FROM pg_timezone_names() pg_timezone_names(name, abbrev, utc_offset, is_dst);
+pg_user| SELECT pg_shadow.usename,
+    pg_shadow.usesysid,
+    pg_shadow.usecreatedb,
+    pg_shadow.usesuper,
+    pg_shadow.userepl,
+    pg_shadow.usebypassrls,
+    '********'::text AS passwd,
+    pg_shadow.valuntil,
+    pg_shadow.useconfig
+   FROM pg_shadow;
+pg_user_mappings| SELECT u.oid AS umid,
+    s.oid AS srvid,
+    s.srvname,
+    u.umuser,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (u.umuser = (0)::oid) THEN 'public'::name
+            ELSE a.rolname
+        END AS usename,
+        CASE
+            WHEN (((u.umuser <> (0)::oid) AND (a.rolname = CURRENT_USER) AND (pg_has_role(s.srvowner, 'USAGE'::text) OR has_server_privilege(s.oid, 'USAGE'::text))) OR ((u.umuser = (0)::oid) AND pg_has_role(s.srvowner, 'USAGE'::text)) OR ( SELECT pg_authid.rolsuper
+               FROM pg_authid
+              WHERE (pg_authid.rolname = CURRENT_USER))) THEN u.umoptions
+            ELSE NULL::text[]
+        END AS umoptions
+   FROM ((pg_user_mapping u
+     JOIN pg_foreign_server s ON ((u.umserver = s.oid)))
+     LEFT JOIN pg_authid a ON ((a.oid = u.umuser)));
+pg_views| SELECT n.nspname AS schemaname,
+    c.relname AS viewname,
+    pg_get_userbyid(c.relowner) AS viewowner,
+    pg_get_viewdef(c.oid) AS definition
+   FROM (pg_class c
+     LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON ((n.oid = c.relnamespace)))
+  WHERE (c.relkind = 'v'::"char");
+SELECT tablename, rulename, definition FROM pg_rules
+WHERE schemaname = 'pg_catalog'
+ORDER BY tablename, rulename;
+pg_settings|pg_settings_n|CREATE RULE pg_settings_n AS
+    ON UPDATE TO pg_catalog.pg_settings DO INSTEAD NOTHING;
+pg_settings|pg_settings_u|CREATE RULE pg_settings_u AS
+    ON UPDATE TO pg_catalog.pg_settings
+   WHERE (new.name = old.name) DO  SELECT set_config(old.name, new.setting, false) AS set_config;
+-- restore normal output mode
+\a\t
+--
+-- CREATE OR REPLACE RULE
+--
+CREATE TABLE ruletest_tbl (a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE ruletest_tbl2 (a int, b int);
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE myrule AS ON INSERT TO ruletest_tbl
+	DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO ruletest_tbl2 VALUES (10, 10);
+INSERT INTO ruletest_tbl VALUES (99, 99);
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE myrule AS ON INSERT TO ruletest_tbl
+	DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO ruletest_tbl2 VALUES (1000, 1000);
+INSERT INTO ruletest_tbl VALUES (99, 99);
+SELECT * FROM ruletest_tbl2;
+  a   |  b   
+------+------
+   10 |   10
+ 1000 | 1000
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Check that rewrite rules splitting one INSERT into multiple
+-- conditional statements does not disable FK checking.
+create table rule_and_refint_t1 (
+	id1a integer,
+	id1b integer,
+	primary key (id1a, id1b)
+);
+create table rule_and_refint_t2 (
+	id2a integer,
+	id2c integer,
+	primary key (id2a, id2c)
+);
+create table rule_and_refint_t3 (
+	id3a integer,
+	id3b integer,
+	id3c integer,
+	data text,
+	primary key (id3a, id3b, id3c),
+	foreign key (id3a, id3b) references rule_and_refint_t1 (id1a, id1b),
+	foreign key (id3a, id3c) references rule_and_refint_t2 (id2a, id2c)
+);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t1 values (1, 11);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t1 values (1, 12);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t1 values (2, 21);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t1 values (2, 22);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t2 values (1, 11);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t2 values (1, 12);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t2 values (2, 21);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t2 values (2, 22);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 11, 11, 'row1');
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 11, 12, 'row2');
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 12, 11, 'row3');
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 12, 12, 'row4');
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 11, 13, 'row5');
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "rule_and_refint_t3" violates foreign key constraint "rule_and_refint_t3_id3a_id3c_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (id3a, id3c)=(1, 13) is not present in table "rule_and_refint_t2".
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 13, 11, 'row6');
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "rule_and_refint_t3" violates foreign key constraint "rule_and_refint_t3_id3a_id3b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (id3a, id3b)=(1, 13) is not present in table "rule_and_refint_t1".
+-- Ordinary table
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 13, 11, 'row6')
+  on conflict do nothing;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "rule_and_refint_t3" violates foreign key constraint "rule_and_refint_t3_id3a_id3b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (id3a, id3b)=(1, 13) is not present in table "rule_and_refint_t1".
+-- rule not fired, so fk violation
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 13, 11, 'row6')
+  on conflict (id3a, id3b, id3c) do update
+  set id3b = excluded.id3b;
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "rule_and_refint_t3" violates foreign key constraint "rule_and_refint_t3_id3a_id3b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (id3a, id3b)=(1, 13) is not present in table "rule_and_refint_t1".
+-- rule fired, so unsupported
+insert into shoelace values ('sl9', 0, 'pink', 35.0, 'inch', 0.0)
+  on conflict (sl_name) do update
+  set sl_avail = excluded.sl_avail;
+ERROR:  INSERT with ON CONFLICT clause cannot be used with table that has INSERT or UPDATE rules
+create rule rule_and_refint_t3_ins as on insert to rule_and_refint_t3
+	where (exists (select 1 from rule_and_refint_t3
+			where (((rule_and_refint_t3.id3a = new.id3a)
+			and (rule_and_refint_t3.id3b = new.id3b))
+			and (rule_and_refint_t3.id3c = new.id3c))))
+	do instead update rule_and_refint_t3 set data = new.data
+	where (((rule_and_refint_t3.id3a = new.id3a)
+	and (rule_and_refint_t3.id3b = new.id3b))
+	and (rule_and_refint_t3.id3c = new.id3c));
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 11, 13, 'row7');
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "rule_and_refint_t3" violates foreign key constraint "rule_and_refint_t3_id3a_id3c_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (id3a, id3c)=(1, 13) is not present in table "rule_and_refint_t2".
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 13, 11, 'row8');
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "rule_and_refint_t3" violates foreign key constraint "rule_and_refint_t3_id3a_id3b_fkey"
+DETAIL:  Key (id3a, id3b)=(1, 13) is not present in table "rule_and_refint_t1".
+--
+-- disallow dropping a view's rule (bug #5072)
+--
+create view rules_fooview as select 'rules_foo'::text;
+drop rule "_RETURN" on rules_fooview;
+ERROR:  cannot drop rule _RETURN on view rules_fooview because view rules_fooview requires it
+HINT:  You can drop view rules_fooview instead.
+drop view rules_fooview;
+--
+-- test conversion of table to view (needed to load some pg_dump files)
+--
+create table rules_fooview (x int, y text);
+select xmin, * from rules_fooview;
+ xmin | x | y 
+------+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+create rule "_RETURN" as on select to rules_fooview do instead
+  select 1 as x, 'aaa'::text as y;
+select * from rules_fooview;
+ x |  y  
+---+-----
+ 1 | aaa
+(1 row)
+
+select xmin, * from rules_fooview;  -- fail, views don't have such a column
+ERROR:  column "xmin" does not exist
+LINE 1: select xmin, * from rules_fooview;
+               ^
+select reltoastrelid, relkind, relfrozenxid
+  from pg_class where oid = 'rules_fooview'::regclass;
+ reltoastrelid | relkind | relfrozenxid 
+---------------+---------+--------------
+             0 | v       |            0
+(1 row)
+
+drop view rules_fooview;
+-- cannot convert an inheritance parent or child to a view, though
+create table rules_fooview (x int, y text);
+create table rules_fooview_child () inherits (rules_fooview);
+create rule "_RETURN" as on select to rules_fooview do instead
+  select 1 as x, 'aaa'::text as y;
+ERROR:  could not convert table "rules_fooview" to a view because it has child tables
+create rule "_RETURN" as on select to rules_fooview_child do instead
+  select 1 as x, 'aaa'::text as y;
+ERROR:  could not convert table "rules_fooview_child" to a view because it has parent tables
+drop table rules_fooview cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table rules_fooview_child
+-- likewise, converting a partitioned table or partition to view is not allowed
+create table rules_fooview (x int, y text) partition by list (x);
+create rule "_RETURN" as on select to rules_fooview do instead
+  select 1 as x, 'aaa'::text as y;
+ERROR:  cannot convert partitioned table "rules_fooview" to a view
+create table rules_fooview_part partition of rules_fooview for values in (1);
+create rule "_RETURN" as on select to rules_fooview_part do instead
+  select 1 as x, 'aaa'::text as y;
+ERROR:  cannot convert partition "rules_fooview_part" to a view
+drop table rules_fooview;
+--
+-- check for planner problems with complex inherited UPDATES
+--
+create table id (id serial primary key, name text);
+-- currently, must respecify PKEY for each inherited subtable
+create table test_1 (id integer primary key) inherits (id);
+NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
+create table test_2 (id integer primary key) inherits (id);
+NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
+create table test_3 (id integer primary key) inherits (id);
+NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
+insert into test_1 (name) values ('Test 1');
+insert into test_1 (name) values ('Test 2');
+insert into test_2 (name) values ('Test 3');
+insert into test_2 (name) values ('Test 4');
+insert into test_3 (name) values ('Test 5');
+insert into test_3 (name) values ('Test 6');
+create view id_ordered as select * from id order by id;
+create rule update_id_ordered as on update to id_ordered
+	do instead update id set name = new.name where id = old.id;
+select * from id_ordered;
+ id |  name  
+----+--------
+  1 | Test 1
+  2 | Test 2
+  3 | Test 3
+  4 | Test 4
+  5 | Test 5
+  6 | Test 6
+(6 rows)
+
+update id_ordered set name = 'update 2' where id = 2;
+update id_ordered set name = 'update 4' where id = 4;
+update id_ordered set name = 'update 5' where id = 5;
+select * from id_ordered;
+ id |   name   
+----+----------
+  1 | Test 1
+  2 | update 2
+  3 | Test 3
+  4 | update 4
+  5 | update 5
+  6 | Test 6
+(6 rows)
+
+drop table id cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 4 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table test_1
+drop cascades to table test_2
+drop cascades to table test_3
+drop cascades to view id_ordered
+--
+-- check corner case where an entirely-dummy subplan is created by
+-- constraint exclusion
+--
+create temp table t1 (a integer primary key);
+create temp table t1_1 (check (a >= 0 and a < 10)) inherits (t1);
+create temp table t1_2 (check (a >= 10 and a < 20)) inherits (t1);
+create rule t1_ins_1 as on insert to t1
+	where new.a >= 0 and new.a < 10
+	do instead
+	insert into t1_1 values (new.a);
+create rule t1_ins_2 as on insert to t1
+	where new.a >= 10 and new.a < 20
+	do instead
+	insert into t1_2 values (new.a);
+create rule t1_upd_1 as on update to t1
+	where old.a >= 0 and old.a < 10
+	do instead
+	update t1_1 set a = new.a where a = old.a;
+create rule t1_upd_2 as on update to t1
+	where old.a >= 10 and old.a < 20
+	do instead
+	update t1_2 set a = new.a where a = old.a;
+set constraint_exclusion = on;
+insert into t1 select * from generate_series(5,19,1) g;
+update t1 set a = 4 where a = 5;
+select * from only t1;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from only t1_1;
+ a 
+---
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+ 4
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from only t1_2;
+ a  
+----
+ 10
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+ 15
+ 16
+ 17
+ 18
+ 19
+(10 rows)
+
+reset constraint_exclusion;
+-- test FOR UPDATE in rules
+create table rules_base(f1 int, f2 int);
+insert into rules_base values(1,2), (11,12);
+create rule r1 as on update to rules_base do instead
+  select * from rules_base where f1 = 1 for update;
+update rules_base set f2 = f2 + 1;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 |  2
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace rule r1 as on update to rules_base do instead
+  select * from rules_base where f1 = 11 for update of rules_base;
+update rules_base set f2 = f2 + 1;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+ 11 | 12
+(1 row)
+
+create or replace rule r1 as on update to rules_base do instead
+  select * from rules_base where f1 = 11 for update of old; -- error
+ERROR:  relation "old" in FOR UPDATE clause not found in FROM clause
+LINE 2:   select * from rules_base where f1 = 11 for update of old;
+                                                               ^
+drop table rules_base;
+-- test various flavors of pg_get_viewdef()
+select pg_get_viewdef('shoe'::regclass) as unpretty;
+                    unpretty                    
+------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT sh.shoename,                          +
+     sh.sh_avail,                              +
+     sh.slcolor,                               +
+     sh.slminlen,                              +
+     (sh.slminlen * un.un_fact) AS slminlen_cm,+
+     sh.slmaxlen,                              +
+     (sh.slmaxlen * un.un_fact) AS slmaxlen_cm,+
+     sh.slunit                                 +
+    FROM shoe_data sh,                         +
+     unit un                                   +
+   WHERE (sh.slunit = un.un_name);
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('shoe'::regclass,true) as pretty;
+                    pretty                    
+----------------------------------------------
+  SELECT sh.shoename,                        +
+     sh.sh_avail,                            +
+     sh.slcolor,                             +
+     sh.slminlen,                            +
+     sh.slminlen * un.un_fact AS slminlen_cm,+
+     sh.slmaxlen,                            +
+     sh.slmaxlen * un.un_fact AS slmaxlen_cm,+
+     sh.slunit                               +
+    FROM shoe_data sh,                       +
+     unit un                                 +
+   WHERE sh.slunit = un.un_name;
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('shoe'::regclass,0) as prettier;
+                   prettier                   
+----------------------------------------------
+  SELECT sh.shoename,                        +
+     sh.sh_avail,                            +
+     sh.slcolor,                             +
+     sh.slminlen,                            +
+     sh.slminlen * un.un_fact AS slminlen_cm,+
+     sh.slmaxlen,                            +
+     sh.slmaxlen * un.un_fact AS slmaxlen_cm,+
+     sh.slunit                               +
+    FROM shoe_data sh,                       +
+     unit un                                 +
+   WHERE sh.slunit = un.un_name;
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- check multi-row VALUES in rules
+--
+create table rules_src(f1 int, f2 int default 0);
+create table rules_log(f1 int, f2 int, tag text, id serial);
+insert into rules_src values(1,2), (11,12);
+create rule r1 as on update to rules_src do also
+  insert into rules_log values(old.*, 'old', default), (new.*, 'new', default);
+update rules_src set f2 = f2 + 1;
+update rules_src set f2 = f2 * 10;
+select * from rules_src;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 |  30
+ 11 | 130
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from rules_log;
+ f1 | f2  | tag | id 
+----+-----+-----+----
+  1 |   2 | old |  1
+  1 |   3 | new |  2
+ 11 |  12 | old |  3
+ 11 |  13 | new |  4
+  1 |   3 | old |  5
+  1 |  30 | new |  6
+ 11 |  13 | old |  7
+ 11 | 130 | new |  8
+(8 rows)
+
+create rule r2 as on update to rules_src do also
+  values(old.*, 'old'), (new.*, 'new');
+update rules_src set f2 = f2 / 10;
+ column1 | column2 | column3 
+---------+---------+---------
+       1 |      30 | old
+       1 |       3 | new
+      11 |     130 | old
+      11 |      13 | new
+(4 rows)
+
+create rule r3 as on insert to rules_src do also
+  insert into rules_log values(null, null, '-', default), (new.*, 'new', default);
+insert into rules_src values(22,23), (33,default);
+select * from rules_src;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 |  3
+ 11 | 13
+ 22 | 23
+ 33 |  0
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from rules_log;
+ f1 | f2  | tag | id 
+----+-----+-----+----
+  1 |   2 | old |  1
+  1 |   3 | new |  2
+ 11 |  12 | old |  3
+ 11 |  13 | new |  4
+  1 |   3 | old |  5
+  1 |  30 | new |  6
+ 11 |  13 | old |  7
+ 11 | 130 | new |  8
+  1 |  30 | old |  9
+  1 |   3 | new | 10
+ 11 | 130 | old | 11
+ 11 |  13 | new | 12
+    |     | -   | 13
+ 22 |  23 | new | 14
+    |     | -   | 15
+ 33 |   0 | new | 16
+(16 rows)
+
+create rule r4 as on delete to rules_src do notify rules_src_deletion;
+--
+-- Ensure an aliased target relation for insert is correctly deparsed.
+--
+create rule r5 as on insert to rules_src do instead insert into rules_log AS trgt SELECT NEW.* RETURNING trgt.f1, trgt.f2;
+create rule r6 as on update to rules_src do instead UPDATE rules_log AS trgt SET tag = 'updated' WHERE trgt.f1 = new.f1;
+--
+-- Check deparse disambiguation of INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE targets.
+--
+create rule r7 as on delete to rules_src do instead
+  with wins as (insert into int4_tbl as trgt values (0) returning *),
+       wupd as (update int4_tbl trgt set f1 = f1+1 returning *),
+       wdel as (delete from int4_tbl trgt where f1 = 0 returning *)
+  insert into rules_log AS trgt select old.* from wins, wupd, wdel
+  returning trgt.f1, trgt.f2;
+-- check display of all rules added above
+\d+ rules_src
+                                 Table "public.rules_src"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          | 0       | plain   |              | 
+Rules:
+    r1 AS
+    ON UPDATE TO rules_src DO  INSERT INTO rules_log (f1, f2, tag, id) VALUES (old.f1,old.f2,'old'::text,DEFAULT), (new.f1,new.f2,'new'::text,DEFAULT)
+    r2 AS
+    ON UPDATE TO rules_src DO  VALUES (old.f1,old.f2,'old'::text), (new.f1,new.f2,'new'::text)
+    r3 AS
+    ON INSERT TO rules_src DO  INSERT INTO rules_log (f1, f2, tag, id) VALUES (NULL::integer,NULL::integer,'-'::text,DEFAULT), (new.f1,new.f2,'new'::text,DEFAULT)
+    r4 AS
+    ON DELETE TO rules_src DO
+ NOTIFY rules_src_deletion
+    r5 AS
+    ON INSERT TO rules_src DO INSTEAD  INSERT INTO rules_log AS trgt (f1, f2)  SELECT new.f1,
+            new.f2
+  RETURNING trgt.f1,
+    trgt.f2
+    r6 AS
+    ON UPDATE TO rules_src DO INSTEAD  UPDATE rules_log trgt SET tag = 'updated'::text
+  WHERE trgt.f1 = new.f1
+    r7 AS
+    ON DELETE TO rules_src DO INSTEAD  WITH wins AS (
+         INSERT INTO int4_tbl AS trgt_1 (f1)
+          VALUES (0)
+          RETURNING trgt_1.f1
+        ), wupd AS (
+         UPDATE int4_tbl trgt_1 SET f1 = trgt_1.f1 + 1
+          RETURNING trgt_1.f1
+        ), wdel AS (
+         DELETE FROM int4_tbl trgt_1
+          WHERE trgt_1.f1 = 0
+          RETURNING trgt_1.f1
+        )
+ INSERT INTO rules_log AS trgt (f1, f2)  SELECT old.f1,
+            old.f2
+           FROM wins,
+            wupd,
+            wdel
+  RETURNING trgt.f1,
+    trgt.f2
+
+--
+-- Also check multiassignment deparsing.
+--
+create table rule_t1(f1 int, f2 int);
+create table rule_dest(f1 int, f2 int[], tag text);
+create rule rr as on update to rule_t1 do instead UPDATE rule_dest trgt
+  SET (f2[1], f1, tag) = (SELECT new.f2, new.f1, 'updated'::varchar)
+  WHERE trgt.f1 = new.f1 RETURNING new.*;
+\d+ rule_t1
+                                  Table "public.rule_t1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ f1     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ f2     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Rules:
+    rr AS
+    ON UPDATE TO rule_t1 DO INSTEAD  UPDATE rule_dest trgt SET (f2[1], f1, tag) = ( SELECT new.f2,
+            new.f1,
+            'updated'::character varying AS "varchar")
+  WHERE trgt.f1 = new.f1
+  RETURNING new.f1,
+    new.f2
+
+drop table rule_t1, rule_dest;
+--
+-- Test implicit LATERAL references to old/new in rules
+--
+CREATE TABLE rule_t1(a int, b text DEFAULT 'xxx', c int);
+CREATE VIEW rule_v1 AS SELECT * FROM rule_t1;
+CREATE RULE v1_ins AS ON INSERT TO rule_v1
+  DO ALSO INSERT INTO rule_t1
+  SELECT * FROM (SELECT a + 10 FROM rule_t1 WHERE a = NEW.a) tt;
+CREATE RULE v1_upd AS ON UPDATE TO rule_v1
+  DO ALSO UPDATE rule_t1 t
+  SET c = tt.a * 10
+  FROM (SELECT a FROM rule_t1 WHERE a = OLD.a) tt WHERE t.a = tt.a;
+INSERT INTO rule_v1 VALUES (1, 'a'), (2, 'b');
+UPDATE rule_v1 SET b = upper(b);
+SELECT * FROM rule_t1;
+ a  |  b  |  c  
+----+-----+-----
+  1 | A   |  10
+  2 | B   |  20
+ 11 | XXX | 110
+ 12 | XXX | 120
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE rule_t1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rule_v1
+--
+-- check alter rename rule
+--
+CREATE TABLE rule_t1 (a INT);
+CREATE VIEW rule_v1 AS SELECT * FROM rule_t1;
+CREATE RULE InsertRule AS
+    ON INSERT TO rule_v1
+    DO INSTEAD
+        INSERT INTO rule_t1 VALUES(new.a);
+ALTER RULE InsertRule ON rule_v1 RENAME to NewInsertRule;
+INSERT INTO rule_v1 VALUES(1);
+SELECT * FROM rule_v1;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+\d+ rule_v1
+                           View "public.rule_v1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT rule_t1.a
+   FROM rule_t1;
+Rules:
+ newinsertrule AS
+    ON INSERT TO rule_v1 DO INSTEAD  INSERT INTO rule_t1 (a)
+  VALUES (new.a)
+
+--
+-- error conditions for alter rename rule
+--
+ALTER RULE InsertRule ON rule_v1 RENAME TO NewInsertRule; -- doesn't exist
+ERROR:  rule "insertrule" for relation "rule_v1" does not exist
+ALTER RULE NewInsertRule ON rule_v1 RENAME TO "_RETURN"; -- already exists
+ERROR:  rule "_RETURN" for relation "rule_v1" already exists
+ALTER RULE "_RETURN" ON rule_v1 RENAME TO abc; -- ON SELECT rule cannot be renamed
+ERROR:  renaming an ON SELECT rule is not allowed
+DROP VIEW rule_v1;
+DROP TABLE rule_t1;
+--
+-- check display of VALUES in view definitions
+--
+create view rule_v1 as values(1,2);
+\d+ rule_v1
+                           View "public.rule_v1"
+ Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+---------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ column1 | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ column2 | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ VALUES (1,2);
+
+alter table rule_v1 rename column column2 to q2;
+\d+ rule_v1
+                           View "public.rule_v1"
+ Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+---------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ column1 | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ q2      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT "*VALUES*".column1,
+    "*VALUES*".column2 AS q2
+   FROM (VALUES (1,2)) "*VALUES*";
+
+drop view rule_v1;
+create view rule_v1(x) as values(1,2);
+\d+ rule_v1
+                           View "public.rule_v1"
+ Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+---------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ x       | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ column2 | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT "*VALUES*".column1 AS x,
+    "*VALUES*".column2
+   FROM (VALUES (1,2)) "*VALUES*";
+
+drop view rule_v1;
+create view rule_v1(x) as select * from (values(1,2)) v;
+\d+ rule_v1
+                           View "public.rule_v1"
+ Column  |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+---------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ x       | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ column2 | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT v.column1 AS x,
+    v.column2
+   FROM ( VALUES (1,2)) v;
+
+drop view rule_v1;
+create view rule_v1(x) as select * from (values(1,2)) v(q,w);
+\d+ rule_v1
+                           View "public.rule_v1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ x      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ w      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT v.q AS x,
+    v.w
+   FROM ( VALUES (1,2)) v(q, w);
+
+drop view rule_v1;
+--
+-- Check DO INSTEAD rules with ON CONFLICT
+--
+CREATE TABLE hats (
+	hat_name    char(10) primary key,
+	hat_color   char(10)      -- hat color
+);
+CREATE TABLE hat_data (
+	hat_name    char(10),
+	hat_color   char(10)      -- hat color
+);
+create unique index hat_data_unique_idx
+  on hat_data (hat_name COLLATE "C" bpchar_pattern_ops);
+-- DO NOTHING with ON CONFLICT
+CREATE RULE hat_nosert AS ON INSERT TO hats
+    DO INSTEAD
+    INSERT INTO hat_data VALUES (
+           NEW.hat_name,
+           NEW.hat_color)
+        ON CONFLICT (hat_name COLLATE "C" bpchar_pattern_ops) WHERE hat_color = 'green'
+        DO NOTHING
+        RETURNING *;
+SELECT definition FROM pg_rules WHERE tablename = 'hats' ORDER BY rulename;
+                                         definition                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE RULE hat_nosert AS                                                                  +
+     ON INSERT TO public.hats DO INSTEAD  INSERT INTO hat_data (hat_name, hat_color)        +
+   VALUES (new.hat_name, new.hat_color) ON CONFLICT(hat_name COLLATE "C" bpchar_pattern_ops)+
+   WHERE (hat_color = 'green'::bpchar) DO NOTHING                                           +
+   RETURNING hat_data.hat_name,                                                             +
+     hat_data.hat_color;
+(1 row)
+
+-- Works (projects row)
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h7', 'black') RETURNING *;
+  hat_name  | hat_color  
+------------+------------
+ h7         | black     
+(1 row)
+
+-- Works (does nothing)
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h7', 'black') RETURNING *;
+ hat_name | hat_color 
+----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT tablename, rulename, definition FROM pg_rules
+	WHERE tablename = 'hats';
+ tablename |  rulename  |                                         definition                                          
+-----------+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ hats      | hat_nosert | CREATE RULE hat_nosert AS                                                                  +
+           |            |     ON INSERT TO public.hats DO INSTEAD  INSERT INTO hat_data (hat_name, hat_color)        +
+           |            |   VALUES (new.hat_name, new.hat_color) ON CONFLICT(hat_name COLLATE "C" bpchar_pattern_ops)+
+           |            |   WHERE (hat_color = 'green'::bpchar) DO NOTHING                                           +
+           |            |   RETURNING hat_data.hat_name,                                                             +
+           |            |     hat_data.hat_color;
+(1 row)
+
+DROP RULE hat_nosert ON hats;
+-- DO NOTHING without ON CONFLICT
+CREATE RULE hat_nosert_all AS ON INSERT TO hats
+    DO INSTEAD
+    INSERT INTO hat_data VALUES (
+           NEW.hat_name,
+           NEW.hat_color)
+        ON CONFLICT
+        DO NOTHING
+        RETURNING *;
+SELECT definition FROM pg_rules WHERE tablename = 'hats' ORDER BY rulename;
+                                     definition                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE RULE hat_nosert_all AS                                                      +
+     ON INSERT TO public.hats DO INSTEAD  INSERT INTO hat_data (hat_name, hat_color)+
+   VALUES (new.hat_name, new.hat_color) ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING                      +
+   RETURNING hat_data.hat_name,                                                     +
+     hat_data.hat_color;
+(1 row)
+
+DROP RULE hat_nosert_all ON hats;
+-- Works (does nothing)
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h7', 'black') RETURNING *;
+  hat_name  | hat_color  
+------------+------------
+ h7         | black     
+(1 row)
+
+-- DO UPDATE with a WHERE clause
+CREATE RULE hat_upsert AS ON INSERT TO hats
+    DO INSTEAD
+    INSERT INTO hat_data VALUES (
+           NEW.hat_name,
+           NEW.hat_color)
+        ON CONFLICT (hat_name)
+        DO UPDATE
+           SET hat_name = hat_data.hat_name, hat_color = excluded.hat_color
+           WHERE excluded.hat_color <>  'forbidden' AND hat_data.* != excluded.*
+        RETURNING *;
+SELECT definition FROM pg_rules WHERE tablename = 'hats' ORDER BY rulename;
+                                                               definition                                                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE RULE hat_upsert AS                                                                                                              +
+     ON INSERT TO public.hats DO INSTEAD  INSERT INTO hat_data (hat_name, hat_color)                                                    +
+   VALUES (new.hat_name, new.hat_color) ON CONFLICT(hat_name) DO UPDATE SET hat_name = hat_data.hat_name, hat_color = excluded.hat_color+
+   WHERE ((excluded.hat_color <> 'forbidden'::bpchar) AND (hat_data.* <> excluded.*))                                                   +
+   RETURNING hat_data.hat_name,                                                                                                         +
+     hat_data.hat_color;
+(1 row)
+
+-- Works (does upsert)
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h8', 'black') RETURNING *;
+  hat_name  | hat_color  
+------------+------------
+ h8         | black     
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM hat_data WHERE hat_name = 'h8';
+  hat_name  | hat_color  
+------------+------------
+ h8         | black     
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h8', 'white') RETURNING *;
+  hat_name  | hat_color  
+------------+------------
+ h8         | white     
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM hat_data WHERE hat_name = 'h8';
+  hat_name  | hat_color  
+------------+------------
+ h8         | white     
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h8', 'forbidden') RETURNING *;
+ hat_name | hat_color 
+----------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM hat_data WHERE hat_name = 'h8';
+  hat_name  | hat_color  
+------------+------------
+ h8         | white     
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT tablename, rulename, definition FROM pg_rules
+	WHERE tablename = 'hats';
+ tablename |  rulename  |                                                               definition                                                                
+-----------+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ hats      | hat_upsert | CREATE RULE hat_upsert AS                                                                                                              +
+           |            |     ON INSERT TO public.hats DO INSTEAD  INSERT INTO hat_data (hat_name, hat_color)                                                    +
+           |            |   VALUES (new.hat_name, new.hat_color) ON CONFLICT(hat_name) DO UPDATE SET hat_name = hat_data.hat_name, hat_color = excluded.hat_color+
+           |            |   WHERE ((excluded.hat_color <> 'forbidden'::bpchar) AND (hat_data.* <> excluded.*))                                                   +
+           |            |   RETURNING hat_data.hat_name,                                                                                                         +
+           |            |     hat_data.hat_color;
+(1 row)
+
+-- ensure explain works for on insert conflict rules
+explain (costs off) INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h8', 'forbidden') RETURNING *;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on hat_data
+   Conflict Resolution: UPDATE
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: hat_data_unique_idx
+   Conflict Filter: ((excluded.hat_color <> 'forbidden'::bpchar) AND (hat_data.* <> excluded.*))
+   ->  Result
+(5 rows)
+
+-- ensure upserting into a rule, with a CTE (different offsets!) works
+WITH data(hat_name, hat_color) AS MATERIALIZED (
+    VALUES ('h8', 'green'),
+        ('h9', 'blue'),
+        ('h7', 'forbidden')
+)
+INSERT INTO hats
+    SELECT * FROM data
+RETURNING *;
+  hat_name  | hat_color  
+------------+------------
+ h8         | green     
+ h9         | blue      
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+WITH data(hat_name, hat_color) AS MATERIALIZED (
+    VALUES ('h8', 'green'),
+        ('h9', 'blue'),
+        ('h7', 'forbidden')
+)
+INSERT INTO hats
+    SELECT * FROM data
+RETURNING *;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on hat_data
+   Conflict Resolution: UPDATE
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: hat_data_unique_idx
+   Conflict Filter: ((excluded.hat_color <> 'forbidden'::bpchar) AND (hat_data.* <> excluded.*))
+   CTE data
+     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+   ->  CTE Scan on data
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM hat_data WHERE hat_name IN ('h8', 'h9', 'h7') ORDER BY hat_name;
+  hat_name  | hat_color  
+------------+------------
+ h7         | black     
+ h8         | green     
+ h9         | blue      
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP RULE hat_upsert ON hats;
+drop table hats;
+drop table hat_data;
+-- test for pg_get_functiondef properly regurgitating SET parameters
+-- Note that the function is kept around to stress pg_dump.
+CREATE FUNCTION func_with_set_params() RETURNS integer
+    AS 'select 1;'
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    SET search_path TO PG_CATALOG
+    SET extra_float_digits TO 2
+    SET work_mem TO '4MB'
+    SET datestyle to iso, mdy
+    SET local_preload_libraries TO "Mixed/Case", 'c:/''a"/path', '', '0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789'
+    IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('func_with_set_params()'::regprocedure);
+                                                                            pg_get_functiondef                                                                            
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.func_with_set_params()                                                                                                                +
+  RETURNS integer                                                                                                                                                        +
+  LANGUAGE sql                                                                                                                                                           +
+  IMMUTABLE STRICT                                                                                                                                                       +
+  SET search_path TO 'pg_catalog'                                                                                                                                        +
+  SET extra_float_digits TO '2'                                                                                                                                          +
+  SET work_mem TO '4MB'                                                                                                                                                  +
+  SET "DateStyle" TO 'iso, mdy'                                                                                                                                          +
+  SET local_preload_libraries TO 'Mixed/Case', 'c:/''a"/path', '', '0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789'+
+ AS $function$select 1;$function$                                                                                                                                        +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- tests for pg_get_*def with invalid objects
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(0);
+ pg_get_constraintdef 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef(0);
+ pg_get_functiondef 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(0);
+ pg_get_indexdef 
+-----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_ruledef(0);
+ pg_get_ruledef 
+----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_statisticsobjdef(0);
+ pg_get_statisticsobjdef 
+-------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(0);
+ pg_get_triggerdef 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef(0);
+ pg_get_viewdef 
+----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_function_arguments(0);
+ pg_get_function_arguments 
+---------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_function_identity_arguments(0);
+ pg_get_function_identity_arguments 
+------------------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_function_result(0);
+ pg_get_function_result 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_function_arg_default(0, 0);
+ pg_get_function_arg_default 
+-----------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_function_arg_default('pg_class'::regclass, 0);
+ pg_get_function_arg_default 
+-----------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_partkeydef(0);
+ pg_get_partkeydef 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- test rename for a rule defined on a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE rules_parted_table (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE rules_parted_table_1 PARTITION OF rules_parted_table FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE RULE rules_parted_table_insert AS ON INSERT to rules_parted_table
+    DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO rules_parted_table_1 VALUES (NEW.*);
+ALTER RULE rules_parted_table_insert ON rules_parted_table RENAME TO rules_parted_table_insert_redirect;
+DROP TABLE rules_parted_table;
+--
+-- test MERGE
+--
+CREATE TABLE rule_merge1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE rule_merge2 (a int, b text);
+CREATE RULE rule1 AS ON INSERT TO rule_merge1
+	DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO rule_merge2 VALUES (NEW.*);
+CREATE RULE rule2 AS ON UPDATE TO rule_merge1
+	DO INSTEAD UPDATE rule_merge2 SET a = NEW.a, b = NEW.b
+	WHERE a = OLD.a;
+CREATE RULE rule3 AS ON DELETE TO rule_merge1
+	DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM rule_merge2 WHERE a = OLD.a;
+-- MERGE not supported for table with rules
+MERGE INTO rule_merge1 t USING (SELECT 1 AS a) s
+	ON t.a = s.a
+	WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 2 THEN
+		UPDATE SET b = b || ' updated by merge'
+	WHEN MATCHED AND t.a > 2 THEN
+		DELETE
+	WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+		INSERT VALUES (s.a, '');
+ERROR:  cannot execute MERGE on relation "rule_merge1"
+DETAIL:  MERGE is not supported for relations with rules.
+-- should be ok with the other table though
+MERGE INTO rule_merge2 t USING (SELECT 1 AS a) s
+	ON t.a = s.a
+	WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 2 THEN
+		UPDATE SET b = b || ' updated by merge'
+	WHEN MATCHED AND t.a > 2 THEN
+		DELETE
+	WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+		INSERT VALUES (s.a, '');
+-- test deparsing
+CREATE TABLE sf_target(id int, data text, filling int[]);
+CREATE FUNCTION merge_sf_test()
+ RETURNS void
+ LANGUAGE sql
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+ MERGE INTO sf_target t
+   USING rule_merge1 s
+   ON (s.a = t.id)
+WHEN MATCHED
+   AND (s.a + t.id) = 42
+   THEN UPDATE SET data = repeat(t.data, s.a) || s.b, id = length(s.b)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED
+   AND (s.b IS NOT NULL)
+   THEN INSERT (data, id)
+   VALUES (s.b, s.a)
+WHEN MATCHED
+   AND length(s.b || t.data) > 10
+   THEN UPDATE SET data = s.b
+WHEN MATCHED
+   AND s.a > 200
+   THEN UPDATE SET filling[s.a] = t.id
+WHEN MATCHED
+   AND s.a > 100
+   THEN DELETE
+WHEN MATCHED
+   THEN DO NOTHING
+WHEN NOT MATCHED
+   AND s.a > 200
+   THEN INSERT DEFAULT VALUES
+WHEN NOT MATCHED
+   AND s.a > 100
+   THEN INSERT (id, data) OVERRIDING USER VALUE
+   VALUES (s.a, DEFAULT)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED
+   AND s.a > 0
+   THEN INSERT
+   VALUES (s.a, s.b, DEFAULT)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED
+   THEN INSERT (filling[1], id)
+   VALUES (s.a, s.a);
+END;
+\sf merge_sf_test
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.merge_sf_test()
+ RETURNS void
+ LANGUAGE sql
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+ MERGE INTO sf_target t
+    USING rule_merge1 s
+    ON (s.a = t.id)
+    WHEN MATCHED
+     AND ((s.a + t.id) = 42)
+     THEN UPDATE SET data = (repeat(t.data, s.a) || s.b), id = length(s.b)
+    WHEN NOT MATCHED
+     AND (s.b IS NOT NULL)
+     THEN INSERT (data, id)
+      VALUES (s.b, s.a)
+    WHEN MATCHED
+     AND (length((s.b || t.data)) > 10)
+     THEN UPDATE SET data = s.b
+    WHEN MATCHED
+     AND (s.a > 200)
+     THEN UPDATE SET filling[s.a] = t.id
+    WHEN MATCHED
+     AND (s.a > 100)
+     THEN DELETE
+    WHEN MATCHED
+     THEN DO NOTHING
+    WHEN NOT MATCHED
+     AND (s.a > 200)
+     THEN INSERT DEFAULT VALUES
+    WHEN NOT MATCHED
+     AND (s.a > 100)
+     THEN INSERT (id, data) OVERRIDING USER VALUE
+      VALUES (s.a, DEFAULT)
+    WHEN NOT MATCHED
+     AND (s.a > 0)
+     THEN INSERT (id, data, filling)
+      VALUES (s.a, s.b, DEFAULT)
+    WHEN NOT MATCHED
+     THEN INSERT (filling[1], id)
+      VALUES (s.a, s.a);
+END
+DROP FUNCTION merge_sf_test;
+DROP TABLE sf_target;
+--
+-- Test enabling/disabling
+--
+CREATE TABLE ruletest1 (a int);
+CREATE TABLE ruletest2 (b int);
+CREATE RULE rule1 AS ON INSERT TO ruletest1
+    DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO ruletest2 VALUES (NEW.*);
+INSERT INTO ruletest1 VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE ruletest1 DISABLE RULE rule1;
+INSERT INTO ruletest1 VALUES (2);
+ALTER TABLE ruletest1 ENABLE RULE rule1;
+SET session_replication_role = replica;
+INSERT INTO ruletest1 VALUES (3);
+ALTER TABLE ruletest1 ENABLE REPLICA RULE rule1;
+INSERT INTO ruletest1 VALUES (4);
+RESET session_replication_role;
+INSERT INTO ruletest1 VALUES (5);
+SELECT * FROM ruletest1;
+ a 
+---
+ 2
+ 3
+ 5
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM ruletest2;
+ b 
+---
+ 1
+ 4
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE ruletest1;
+DROP TABLE ruletest2;
+--
+-- Test non-SELECT rule on security invoker view.
+-- Should use view owner's permissions.
+--
+CREATE USER regress_rule_user1;
+CREATE TABLE ruletest_t1 (x int);
+CREATE TABLE ruletest_t2 (x int);
+CREATE VIEW ruletest_v1 WITH (security_invoker=true) AS
+    SELECT * FROM ruletest_t1;
+GRANT INSERT ON ruletest_v1 TO regress_rule_user1;
+CREATE RULE rule1 AS ON INSERT TO ruletest_v1
+    DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO ruletest_t2 VALUES (NEW.*);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rule_user1;
+INSERT INTO ruletest_v1 VALUES (1);
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT * FROM ruletest_t1;
+ x 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM ruletest_t2;
+ x 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW ruletest_v1;
+DROP TABLE ruletest_t2;
+DROP TABLE ruletest_t1;
+DROP USER regress_rule_user1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/sanity_check.out b/src/test/regress/expected/sanity_check.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5c675b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/sanity_check.out
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+VACUUM;
+--
+-- Sanity check: every system catalog that has OIDs should have
+-- a unique index on OID.  This ensures that the OIDs will be unique,
+-- even after the OID counter wraps around.
+-- We exclude non-system tables from the check by looking at nspname.
+--
+SELECT relname, nspname
+ FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = relnamespace JOIN pg_attribute a ON (attrelid = c.oid AND attname = 'oid')
+ WHERE relkind = 'r' and c.oid < 16384
+     AND ((nspname ~ '^pg_') IS NOT FALSE)
+     AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_index i WHERE indrelid = c.oid
+                     AND indkey[0] = a.attnum AND indnatts = 1
+                     AND indisunique AND indimmediate);
+ relname | nspname 
+---------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- check that relations without storage don't have relfilenode
+SELECT relname, relkind
+  FROM pg_class
+ WHERE relkind IN ('v', 'c', 'f', 'p', 'I')
+       AND relfilenode <> 0;
+ relname | relkind 
+---------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- When ALIGNOF_DOUBLE==4 (e.g. AIX), the C ABI may impose 8-byte alignment on
+-- some of the C types that correspond to TYPALIGN_DOUBLE SQL types.  To ensure
+-- catalog C struct layout matches catalog tuple layout, arrange for the tuple
+-- offset of each fixed-width, attalign='d' catalog column to be divisible by 8
+-- unconditionally.  Keep such columns before the first NameData column of the
+-- catalog, since packagers can override NAMEDATALEN to an odd number.
+--
+WITH check_columns AS (
+ SELECT relname, attname,
+  array(
+   SELECT t.oid
+    FROM pg_type t JOIN pg_attribute pa ON t.oid = pa.atttypid
+    WHERE pa.attrelid = a.attrelid AND
+          pa.attnum > 0 AND pa.attnum < a.attnum
+    ORDER BY pa.attnum) AS coltypes
+ FROM pg_attribute a JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = attrelid
+  JOIN pg_namespace n ON c.relnamespace = n.oid
+ WHERE attalign = 'd' AND relkind = 'r' AND
+  attnotnull AND attlen <> -1 AND n.nspname = 'pg_catalog'
+)
+SELECT relname, attname, coltypes, get_columns_length(coltypes)
+ FROM check_columns
+ WHERE get_columns_length(coltypes) % 8 != 0 OR
+       'name'::regtype::oid = ANY(coltypes);
+ relname | attname | coltypes | get_columns_length 
+---------+---------+----------+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/security_label.out b/src/test/regress/expected/security_label.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8e01a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/security_label.out
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+--
+-- Test for facilities of security label
+--
+-- initial setups
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_seclabel_user1;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_seclabel_user2;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE USER regress_seclabel_user1 WITH CREATEROLE;
+CREATE USER regress_seclabel_user2;
+CREATE TABLE seclabel_tbl1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE seclabel_tbl2 (x int, y text);
+CREATE VIEW seclabel_view1 AS SELECT * FROM seclabel_tbl2;
+CREATE FUNCTION seclabel_four() RETURNS integer AS $$SELECT 4$$ language sql;
+CREATE DOMAIN seclabel_domain AS text;
+ALTER TABLE seclabel_tbl1 OWNER TO regress_seclabel_user1;
+ALTER TABLE seclabel_tbl2 OWNER TO regress_seclabel_user2;
+--
+-- Test of SECURITY LABEL statement without a plugin
+--
+SECURITY LABEL ON TABLE seclabel_tbl1 IS 'classified';			-- fail
+ERROR:  no security label providers have been loaded
+SECURITY LABEL FOR 'dummy' ON TABLE seclabel_tbl1 IS 'classified';		-- fail
+ERROR:  security label provider "dummy" is not loaded
+SECURITY LABEL ON TABLE seclabel_tbl1 IS '...invalid label...';		-- fail
+ERROR:  no security label providers have been loaded
+SECURITY LABEL ON TABLE seclabel_tbl3 IS 'unclassified';			-- fail
+ERROR:  no security label providers have been loaded
+SECURITY LABEL ON ROLE regress_seclabel_user1 IS 'classified';			-- fail
+ERROR:  no security label providers have been loaded
+SECURITY LABEL FOR 'dummy' ON ROLE regress_seclabel_user1 IS 'classified';		-- fail
+ERROR:  security label provider "dummy" is not loaded
+SECURITY LABEL ON ROLE regress_seclabel_user1 IS '...invalid label...';		-- fail
+ERROR:  no security label providers have been loaded
+SECURITY LABEL ON ROLE regress_seclabel_user3 IS 'unclassified';			-- fail
+ERROR:  no security label providers have been loaded
+-- clean up objects
+DROP FUNCTION seclabel_four();
+DROP DOMAIN seclabel_domain;
+DROP VIEW seclabel_view1;
+DROP TABLE seclabel_tbl1;
+DROP TABLE seclabel_tbl2;
+DROP USER regress_seclabel_user1;
+DROP USER regress_seclabel_user2;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33a6dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select.out
@@ -0,0 +1,970 @@
+--
+-- SELECT
+--
+-- btree index
+-- awk '{if($1<10){print;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +0n -1
+--
+SELECT * FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 < 10
+   ORDER BY onek.unique1;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+       0 |     998 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |        0 |           0 |         0 |        0 |   0 |    1 | AAAAAA   | KMBAAA   | OOOOxx
+       1 |     214 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |        1 |           1 |         1 |        1 |   2 |    3 | BAAAAA   | GIAAAA   | OOOOxx
+       2 |     326 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |        2 |           2 |         2 |        2 |   4 |    5 | CAAAAA   | OMAAAA   | OOOOxx
+       3 |     431 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |       3 |        3 |           3 |         3 |        3 |   6 |    7 | DAAAAA   | PQAAAA   | VVVVxx
+       4 |     833 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |        4 |           4 |         4 |        4 |   8 |    9 | EAAAAA   | BGBAAA   | HHHHxx
+       5 |     541 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |       5 |        5 |           5 |         5 |        5 |  10 |   11 | FAAAAA   | VUAAAA   | HHHHxx
+       6 |     978 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |           6 |         6 |        6 |  12 |   13 | GAAAAA   | QLBAAA   | OOOOxx
+       7 |     647 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |       7 |        7 |           7 |         7 |        7 |  14 |   15 | HAAAAA   | XYAAAA   | VVVVxx
+       8 |     653 |   0 |    0 |   8 |      8 |       8 |        8 |           8 |         8 |        8 |  16 |   17 | IAAAAA   | DZAAAA   | HHHHxx
+       9 |      49 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |         9 |        9 |  18 |   19 | JAAAAA   | XBAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(10 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1<20){print $1,$14;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +0nr -1
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.stringu1 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 < 20
+   ORDER BY unique1 using >;
+ unique1 | stringu1 
+---------+----------
+      19 | TAAAAA
+      18 | SAAAAA
+      17 | RAAAAA
+      16 | QAAAAA
+      15 | PAAAAA
+      14 | OAAAAA
+      13 | NAAAAA
+      12 | MAAAAA
+      11 | LAAAAA
+      10 | KAAAAA
+       9 | JAAAAA
+       8 | IAAAAA
+       7 | HAAAAA
+       6 | GAAAAA
+       5 | FAAAAA
+       4 | EAAAAA
+       3 | DAAAAA
+       2 | CAAAAA
+       1 | BAAAAA
+       0 | AAAAAA
+(20 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1>980){print $1,$14;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +1d -2
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.stringu1 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 > 980
+   ORDER BY stringu1 using <;
+ unique1 | stringu1 
+---------+----------
+     988 | AMAAAA
+     989 | BMAAAA
+     990 | CMAAAA
+     991 | DMAAAA
+     992 | EMAAAA
+     993 | FMAAAA
+     994 | GMAAAA
+     995 | HMAAAA
+     996 | IMAAAA
+     997 | JMAAAA
+     998 | KMAAAA
+     999 | LMAAAA
+     981 | TLAAAA
+     982 | ULAAAA
+     983 | VLAAAA
+     984 | WLAAAA
+     985 | XLAAAA
+     986 | YLAAAA
+     987 | ZLAAAA
+(19 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1>980){print $1,$16;}else{next;}}' onek.data |
+-- sort +1d -2 +0nr -1
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.string4 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 > 980
+   ORDER BY string4 using <, unique1 using >;
+ unique1 | string4 
+---------+---------
+     999 | AAAAxx
+     995 | AAAAxx
+     983 | AAAAxx
+     982 | AAAAxx
+     981 | AAAAxx
+     998 | HHHHxx
+     997 | HHHHxx
+     993 | HHHHxx
+     990 | HHHHxx
+     986 | HHHHxx
+     996 | OOOOxx
+     991 | OOOOxx
+     988 | OOOOxx
+     987 | OOOOxx
+     985 | OOOOxx
+     994 | VVVVxx
+     992 | VVVVxx
+     989 | VVVVxx
+     984 | VVVVxx
+(19 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1>980){print $1,$16;}else{next;}}' onek.data |
+-- sort +1dr -2 +0n -1
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.string4 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 > 980
+   ORDER BY string4 using >, unique1 using <;
+ unique1 | string4 
+---------+---------
+     984 | VVVVxx
+     989 | VVVVxx
+     992 | VVVVxx
+     994 | VVVVxx
+     985 | OOOOxx
+     987 | OOOOxx
+     988 | OOOOxx
+     991 | OOOOxx
+     996 | OOOOxx
+     986 | HHHHxx
+     990 | HHHHxx
+     993 | HHHHxx
+     997 | HHHHxx
+     998 | HHHHxx
+     981 | AAAAxx
+     982 | AAAAxx
+     983 | AAAAxx
+     995 | AAAAxx
+     999 | AAAAxx
+(19 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1<20){print $1,$16;}else{next;}}' onek.data |
+-- sort +0nr -1 +1d -2
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.string4 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 < 20
+   ORDER BY unique1 using >, string4 using <;
+ unique1 | string4 
+---------+---------
+      19 | OOOOxx
+      18 | VVVVxx
+      17 | HHHHxx
+      16 | OOOOxx
+      15 | VVVVxx
+      14 | AAAAxx
+      13 | OOOOxx
+      12 | AAAAxx
+      11 | OOOOxx
+      10 | AAAAxx
+       9 | HHHHxx
+       8 | HHHHxx
+       7 | VVVVxx
+       6 | OOOOxx
+       5 | HHHHxx
+       4 | HHHHxx
+       3 | VVVVxx
+       2 | OOOOxx
+       1 | OOOOxx
+       0 | OOOOxx
+(20 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1<20){print $1,$16;}else{next;}}' onek.data |
+-- sort +0n -1 +1dr -2
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.string4 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 < 20
+   ORDER BY unique1 using <, string4 using >;
+ unique1 | string4 
+---------+---------
+       0 | OOOOxx
+       1 | OOOOxx
+       2 | OOOOxx
+       3 | VVVVxx
+       4 | HHHHxx
+       5 | HHHHxx
+       6 | OOOOxx
+       7 | VVVVxx
+       8 | HHHHxx
+       9 | HHHHxx
+      10 | AAAAxx
+      11 | OOOOxx
+      12 | AAAAxx
+      13 | OOOOxx
+      14 | AAAAxx
+      15 | VVVVxx
+      16 | OOOOxx
+      17 | HHHHxx
+      18 | VVVVxx
+      19 | OOOOxx
+(20 rows)
+
+--
+-- test partial btree indexes
+--
+-- As of 7.2, planner probably won't pick an indexscan without stats,
+-- so ANALYZE first.  Also, we want to prevent it from picking a bitmapscan
+-- followed by sort, because that could hide index ordering problems.
+--
+ANALYZE onek2;
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+SET enable_sort TO off;
+--
+-- awk '{if($1<10){print $0;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +0n -1
+--
+SELECT onek2.* FROM onek2 WHERE onek2.unique1 < 10;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+       0 |     998 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |        0 |           0 |         0 |        0 |   0 |    1 | AAAAAA   | KMBAAA   | OOOOxx
+       1 |     214 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |        1 |           1 |         1 |        1 |   2 |    3 | BAAAAA   | GIAAAA   | OOOOxx
+       2 |     326 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |        2 |           2 |         2 |        2 |   4 |    5 | CAAAAA   | OMAAAA   | OOOOxx
+       3 |     431 |   1 |    3 |   3 |      3 |       3 |        3 |           3 |         3 |        3 |   6 |    7 | DAAAAA   | PQAAAA   | VVVVxx
+       4 |     833 |   0 |    0 |   4 |      4 |       4 |        4 |           4 |         4 |        4 |   8 |    9 | EAAAAA   | BGBAAA   | HHHHxx
+       5 |     541 |   1 |    1 |   5 |      5 |       5 |        5 |           5 |         5 |        5 |  10 |   11 | FAAAAA   | VUAAAA   | HHHHxx
+       6 |     978 |   0 |    2 |   6 |      6 |       6 |        6 |           6 |         6 |        6 |  12 |   13 | GAAAAA   | QLBAAA   | OOOOxx
+       7 |     647 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |       7 |        7 |           7 |         7 |        7 |  14 |   15 | HAAAAA   | XYAAAA   | VVVVxx
+       8 |     653 |   0 |    0 |   8 |      8 |       8 |        8 |           8 |         8 |        8 |  16 |   17 | IAAAAA   | DZAAAA   | HHHHxx
+       9 |      49 |   1 |    1 |   9 |      9 |       9 |        9 |           9 |         9 |        9 |  18 |   19 | JAAAAA   | XBAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(10 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1<20){print $1,$14;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +0nr -1
+--
+SELECT onek2.unique1, onek2.stringu1 FROM onek2
+    WHERE onek2.unique1 < 20
+    ORDER BY unique1 using >;
+ unique1 | stringu1 
+---------+----------
+      19 | TAAAAA
+      18 | SAAAAA
+      17 | RAAAAA
+      16 | QAAAAA
+      15 | PAAAAA
+      14 | OAAAAA
+      13 | NAAAAA
+      12 | MAAAAA
+      11 | LAAAAA
+      10 | KAAAAA
+       9 | JAAAAA
+       8 | IAAAAA
+       7 | HAAAAA
+       6 | GAAAAA
+       5 | FAAAAA
+       4 | EAAAAA
+       3 | DAAAAA
+       2 | CAAAAA
+       1 | BAAAAA
+       0 | AAAAAA
+(20 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1>980){print $1,$14;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +1d -2
+--
+SELECT onek2.unique1, onek2.stringu1 FROM onek2
+   WHERE onek2.unique1 > 980;
+ unique1 | stringu1 
+---------+----------
+     981 | TLAAAA
+     982 | ULAAAA
+     983 | VLAAAA
+     984 | WLAAAA
+     985 | XLAAAA
+     986 | YLAAAA
+     987 | ZLAAAA
+     988 | AMAAAA
+     989 | BMAAAA
+     990 | CMAAAA
+     991 | DMAAAA
+     992 | EMAAAA
+     993 | FMAAAA
+     994 | GMAAAA
+     995 | HMAAAA
+     996 | IMAAAA
+     997 | JMAAAA
+     998 | KMAAAA
+     999 | LMAAAA
+(19 rows)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+RESET enable_sort;
+--
+-- awk '{print $1,$2;}' person.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=2){print $3,$2;}else{print;}}' - emp.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=2){print $3,$2;}else{print;}}' - student.data |
+-- awk 'BEGIN{FS="      ";}{if(NF!=2){print $4,$5;}else{print;}}' - stud_emp.data
+--
+-- SELECT name, age FROM person*; ??? check if different
+SELECT p.name, p.age FROM person* p;
+  name   | age 
+---------+-----
+ mike    |  40
+ joe     |  20
+ sally   |  34
+ sandra  |  19
+ alex    |  30
+ sue     |  50
+ denise  |  24
+ sarah   |  88
+ teresa  |  38
+ nan     |  28
+ leah    |  68
+ wendy   |  78
+ melissa |  28
+ joan    |  18
+ mary    |   8
+ jane    |  58
+ liza    |  38
+ jean    |  28
+ jenifer |  38
+ juanita |  58
+ susan   |  78
+ zena    |  98
+ martie  |  88
+ chris   |  78
+ pat     |  18
+ zola    |  58
+ louise  |  98
+ edna    |  18
+ bertha  |  88
+ sumi    |  38
+ koko    |  88
+ gina    |  18
+ rean    |  48
+ sharon  |  78
+ paula   |  68
+ julie   |  68
+ belinda |  38
+ karen   |  48
+ carina  |  58
+ diane   |  18
+ esther  |  98
+ trudy   |  88
+ fanny   |   8
+ carmen  |  78
+ lita    |  25
+ pamela  |  48
+ sandy   |  38
+ trisha  |  88
+ uma     |  78
+ velma   |  68
+ sharon  |  25
+ sam     |  30
+ bill    |  20
+ fred    |  28
+ larry   |  60
+ jeff    |  23
+ cim     |  30
+ linda   |  19
+(58 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $1,$2;}' person.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=2){print $3,$2;}else{print;}}' - emp.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=2){print $3,$2;}else{print;}}' - student.data |
+-- awk 'BEGIN{FS="      ";}{if(NF!=1){print $4,$5;}else{print;}}' - stud_emp.data |
+-- sort +1nr -2
+--
+SELECT p.name, p.age FROM person* p ORDER BY age using >, name;
+  name   | age 
+---------+-----
+ esther  |  98
+ louise  |  98
+ zena    |  98
+ bertha  |  88
+ koko    |  88
+ martie  |  88
+ sarah   |  88
+ trisha  |  88
+ trudy   |  88
+ carmen  |  78
+ chris   |  78
+ sharon  |  78
+ susan   |  78
+ uma     |  78
+ wendy   |  78
+ julie   |  68
+ leah    |  68
+ paula   |  68
+ velma   |  68
+ larry   |  60
+ carina  |  58
+ jane    |  58
+ juanita |  58
+ zola    |  58
+ sue     |  50
+ karen   |  48
+ pamela  |  48
+ rean    |  48
+ mike    |  40
+ belinda |  38
+ jenifer |  38
+ liza    |  38
+ sandy   |  38
+ sumi    |  38
+ teresa  |  38
+ sally   |  34
+ alex    |  30
+ cim     |  30
+ sam     |  30
+ fred    |  28
+ jean    |  28
+ melissa |  28
+ nan     |  28
+ lita    |  25
+ sharon  |  25
+ denise  |  24
+ jeff    |  23
+ bill    |  20
+ joe     |  20
+ linda   |  19
+ sandra  |  19
+ diane   |  18
+ edna    |  18
+ gina    |  18
+ joan    |  18
+ pat     |  18
+ fanny   |   8
+ mary    |   8
+(58 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test some cases involving whole-row Var referencing a subquery
+--
+select foo from (select 1 offset 0) as foo;
+ foo 
+-----
+ (1)
+(1 row)
+
+select foo from (select null offset 0) as foo;
+ foo 
+-----
+ ()
+(1 row)
+
+select foo from (select 'xyzzy',1,null offset 0) as foo;
+    foo     
+------------
+ (xyzzy,1,)
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test VALUES lists
+--
+select * from onek, (values(147, 'RFAAAA'), (931, 'VJAAAA')) as v (i, j)
+    WHERE onek.unique1 = v.i and onek.stringu1 = v.j;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 |  i  |   j    
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------+-----+--------
+     147 |       0 |   1 |    3 |   7 |      7 |       7 |       47 |         147 |       147 |      147 |  14 |   15 | RFAAAA   | AAAAAA   | AAAAxx  | 147 | RFAAAA
+     931 |       1 |   1 |    3 |   1 |     11 |       1 |       31 |         131 |       431 |      931 |   2 |    3 | VJAAAA   | BAAAAA   | HHHHxx  | 931 | VJAAAA
+(2 rows)
+
+-- a more complex case
+-- looks like we're coding lisp :-)
+select * from onek,
+  (values ((select i from
+    (values(10000), (2), (389), (1000), (2000), ((select 10029))) as foo(i)
+    order by i asc limit 1))) bar (i)
+  where onek.unique1 = bar.i;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 | i 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------+---
+       2 |     326 |   0 |    2 |   2 |      2 |       2 |        2 |           2 |         2 |        2 |   4 |    5 | CAAAAA   | OMAAAA   | OOOOxx  | 2
+(1 row)
+
+-- try VALUES in a subquery
+select * from onek
+    where (unique1,ten) in (values (1,1), (20,0), (99,9), (17,99))
+    order by unique1;
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+       1 |     214 |   1 |    1 |   1 |      1 |       1 |        1 |           1 |         1 |        1 |   2 |    3 | BAAAAA   | GIAAAA   | OOOOxx
+      20 |     306 |   0 |    0 |   0 |      0 |       0 |       20 |          20 |        20 |       20 |   0 |    1 | UAAAAA   | ULAAAA   | OOOOxx
+      99 |     101 |   1 |    3 |   9 |     19 |       9 |       99 |          99 |        99 |       99 |  18 |   19 | VDAAAA   | XDAAAA   | HHHHxx
+(3 rows)
+
+-- VALUES is also legal as a standalone query or a set-operation member
+VALUES (1,2), (3,4+4), (7,77.7);
+ column1 | column2 
+---------+---------
+       1 |       2
+       3 |       8
+       7 |    77.7
+(3 rows)
+
+VALUES (1,2), (3,4+4), (7,77.7)
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 2+2, 57
+UNION ALL
+TABLE int8_tbl;
+     column1      |      column2      
+------------------+-------------------
+                1 |                 2
+                3 |                 8
+                7 |              77.7
+                4 |                57
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(9 rows)
+
+-- corner case: VALUES with no columns
+CREATE TEMP TABLE nocols();
+INSERT INTO nocols DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM nocols n, LATERAL (VALUES(n.*)) v;
+--
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test ORDER BY options
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (f1 int);
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (42),(3),(10),(7),(null),(null),(1);
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+  3
+  7
+ 10
+ 42
+   
+   
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 ASC;	-- same thing
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+  3
+  7
+ 10
+ 42
+   
+   
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 NULLS FIRST;
+ f1 
+----
+   
+   
+  1
+  3
+  7
+ 10
+ 42
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC;
+ f1 
+----
+   
+   
+ 42
+ 10
+  7
+  3
+  1
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC NULLS LAST;
+ f1 
+----
+ 42
+ 10
+  7
+  3
+  1
+   
+   
+(7 rows)
+
+-- check if indexscans do the right things
+CREATE INDEX fooi ON foo (f1);
+SET enable_sort = false;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+  3
+  7
+ 10
+ 42
+   
+   
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 NULLS FIRST;
+ f1 
+----
+   
+   
+  1
+  3
+  7
+ 10
+ 42
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC;
+ f1 
+----
+   
+   
+ 42
+ 10
+  7
+  3
+  1
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC NULLS LAST;
+ f1 
+----
+ 42
+ 10
+  7
+  3
+  1
+   
+   
+(7 rows)
+
+DROP INDEX fooi;
+CREATE INDEX fooi ON foo (f1 DESC);
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+  3
+  7
+ 10
+ 42
+   
+   
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 NULLS FIRST;
+ f1 
+----
+   
+   
+  1
+  3
+  7
+ 10
+ 42
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC;
+ f1 
+----
+   
+   
+ 42
+ 10
+  7
+  3
+  1
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC NULLS LAST;
+ f1 
+----
+ 42
+ 10
+  7
+  3
+  1
+   
+   
+(7 rows)
+
+DROP INDEX fooi;
+CREATE INDEX fooi ON foo (f1 DESC NULLS LAST);
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+  3
+  7
+ 10
+ 42
+   
+   
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 NULLS FIRST;
+ f1 
+----
+   
+   
+  1
+  3
+  7
+ 10
+ 42
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC;
+ f1 
+----
+   
+   
+ 42
+ 10
+  7
+  3
+  1
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC NULLS LAST;
+ f1 
+----
+ 42
+ 10
+  7
+  3
+  1
+   
+   
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test planning of some cases with partial indexes
+--
+-- partial index is usable
+explain (costs off)
+select * from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 = 'ATAAAA';
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using onek2_u2_prtl on onek2
+   Index Cond: (unique2 = 11)
+   Filter: (stringu1 = 'ATAAAA'::name)
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 = 'ATAAAA';
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+     494 |      11 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |       4 |       94 |          94 |       494 |      494 |   8 |    9 | ATAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(1 row)
+
+-- actually run the query with an analyze to use the partial index
+explain (costs off, analyze on, timing off, summary off)
+select * from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 = 'ATAAAA';
+                           QUERY PLAN                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using onek2_u2_prtl on onek2 (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   Index Cond: (unique2 = 11)
+   Filter: (stringu1 = 'ATAAAA'::name)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 = 'ATAAAA';
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using onek2_u2_prtl on onek2
+   Index Cond: (unique2 = 11)
+   Filter: (stringu1 = 'ATAAAA'::name)
+(3 rows)
+
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 = 'ATAAAA';
+ unique2 
+---------
+      11
+(1 row)
+
+-- partial index predicate implies clause, so no need for retest
+explain (costs off)
+select * from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Index Scan using onek2_u2_prtl on onek2
+   Index Cond: (unique2 = 11)
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+ unique1 | unique2 | two | four | ten | twenty | hundred | thousand | twothousand | fivethous | tenthous | odd | even | stringu1 | stringu2 | string4 
+---------+---------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+-----+------+----------+----------+---------
+     494 |      11 |   0 |    2 |   4 |     14 |       4 |       94 |          94 |       494 |      494 |   8 |    9 | ATAAAA   | LAAAAA   | VVVVxx
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Index Only Scan using onek2_u2_prtl on onek2
+   Index Cond: (unique2 = 11)
+(2 rows)
+
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+ unique2 
+---------
+      11
+(1 row)
+
+-- but if it's an update target, must retest anyway
+explain (costs off)
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B' for update;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ LockRows
+   ->  Index Scan using onek2_u2_prtl on onek2
+         Index Cond: (unique2 = 11)
+         Filter: (stringu1 < 'B'::name)
+(4 rows)
+
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B' for update;
+ unique2 
+---------
+      11
+(1 row)
+
+-- partial index is not applicable
+explain (costs off)
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'C';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on onek2
+   Filter: ((stringu1 < 'C'::name) AND (unique2 = 11))
+(2 rows)
+
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'C';
+ unique2 
+---------
+      11
+(1 row)
+
+-- partial index implies clause, but bitmap scan must recheck predicate anyway
+SET enable_indexscan TO off;
+explain (costs off)
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on onek2
+   Recheck Cond: ((unique2 = 11) AND (stringu1 < 'B'::name))
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on onek2_u2_prtl
+         Index Cond: (unique2 = 11)
+(4 rows)
+
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+ unique2 
+---------
+      11
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+-- check multi-index cases too
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, unique2 from onek2
+  where (unique2 = 11 or unique1 = 0) and stringu1 < 'B';
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on onek2
+   Recheck Cond: (((unique2 = 11) AND (stringu1 < 'B'::name)) OR (unique1 = 0))
+   Filter: (stringu1 < 'B'::name)
+   ->  BitmapOr
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on onek2_u2_prtl
+               Index Cond: (unique2 = 11)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on onek2_u1_prtl
+               Index Cond: (unique1 = 0)
+(8 rows)
+
+select unique1, unique2 from onek2
+  where (unique2 = 11 or unique1 = 0) and stringu1 < 'B';
+ unique1 | unique2 
+---------+---------
+     494 |      11
+       0 |     998
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, unique2 from onek2
+  where (unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B') or unique1 = 0;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on onek2
+   Recheck Cond: (((unique2 = 11) AND (stringu1 < 'B'::name)) OR (unique1 = 0))
+   ->  BitmapOr
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on onek2_u2_prtl
+               Index Cond: (unique2 = 11)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on onek2_u1_prtl
+               Index Cond: (unique1 = 0)
+(7 rows)
+
+select unique1, unique2 from onek2
+  where (unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B') or unique1 = 0;
+ unique1 | unique2 
+---------+---------
+     494 |      11
+       0 |     998
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test some corner cases that have been known to confuse the planner
+--
+-- ORDER BY on a constant doesn't really need any sorting
+SELECT 1 AS x ORDER BY x;
+ x 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- But ORDER BY on a set-valued expression does
+create function sillysrf(int) returns setof int as
+  'values (1),(10),(2),($1)' language sql immutable;
+select sillysrf(42);
+ sillysrf 
+----------
+        1
+       10
+        2
+       42
+(4 rows)
+
+select sillysrf(-1) order by 1;
+ sillysrf 
+----------
+       -1
+        1
+        2
+       10
+(4 rows)
+
+drop function sillysrf(int);
+-- X = X isn't a no-op, it's effectively X IS NOT NULL assuming = is strict
+-- (see bug #5084)
+select * from (values (2),(null),(1)) v(k) where k = k order by k;
+ k 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from (values (2),(null),(1)) v(k) where k = k;
+ k 
+---
+ 2
+ 1
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test partitioned tables with no partitions, which should be handled the
+-- same as the non-inheritance case when expanding its RTE.
+create table list_parted_tbl (a int,b int) partition by list (a);
+create table list_parted_tbl1 partition of list_parted_tbl
+  for values in (1) partition by list(b);
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted_tbl;
+        QUERY PLAN        
+--------------------------
+ Result
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table list_parted_tbl;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select_distinct.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select_distinct.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..748419c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select_distinct.out
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_DISTINCT
+--
+--
+-- awk '{print $3;}' onek.data | sort -n | uniq
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT two FROM onek ORDER BY 1;
+ two 
+-----
+   0
+   1
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $5;}' onek.data | sort -n | uniq
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT ten FROM onek ORDER BY 1;
+ ten 
+-----
+   0
+   1
+   2
+   3
+   4
+   5
+   6
+   7
+   8
+   9
+(10 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $16;}' onek.data | sort -d | uniq
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT string4 FROM onek ORDER BY 1;
+ string4 
+---------
+ AAAAxx
+ HHHHxx
+ OOOOxx
+ VVVVxx
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $3,$16,$5;}' onek.data | sort -d | uniq |
+-- sort +0n -1 +1d -2 +2n -3
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT two, string4, ten
+   FROM onek
+   ORDER BY two using <, string4 using <, ten using <;
+ two | string4 | ten 
+-----+---------+-----
+   0 | AAAAxx  |   0
+   0 | AAAAxx  |   2
+   0 | AAAAxx  |   4
+   0 | AAAAxx  |   6
+   0 | AAAAxx  |   8
+   0 | HHHHxx  |   0
+   0 | HHHHxx  |   2
+   0 | HHHHxx  |   4
+   0 | HHHHxx  |   6
+   0 | HHHHxx  |   8
+   0 | OOOOxx  |   0
+   0 | OOOOxx  |   2
+   0 | OOOOxx  |   4
+   0 | OOOOxx  |   6
+   0 | OOOOxx  |   8
+   0 | VVVVxx  |   0
+   0 | VVVVxx  |   2
+   0 | VVVVxx  |   4
+   0 | VVVVxx  |   6
+   0 | VVVVxx  |   8
+   1 | AAAAxx  |   1
+   1 | AAAAxx  |   3
+   1 | AAAAxx  |   5
+   1 | AAAAxx  |   7
+   1 | AAAAxx  |   9
+   1 | HHHHxx  |   1
+   1 | HHHHxx  |   3
+   1 | HHHHxx  |   5
+   1 | HHHHxx  |   7
+   1 | HHHHxx  |   9
+   1 | OOOOxx  |   1
+   1 | OOOOxx  |   3
+   1 | OOOOxx  |   5
+   1 | OOOOxx  |   7
+   1 | OOOOxx  |   9
+   1 | VVVVxx  |   1
+   1 | VVVVxx  |   3
+   1 | VVVVxx  |   5
+   1 | VVVVxx  |   7
+   1 | VVVVxx  |   9
+(40 rows)
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $2;}' person.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=1){print $2;}else{print;}}' - emp.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=1){print $2;}else{print;}}' - student.data |
+-- awk 'BEGIN{FS="      ";}{if(NF!=1){print $5;}else{print;}}' - stud_emp.data |
+-- sort -n -r | uniq
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT p.age FROM person* p ORDER BY age using >;
+ age 
+-----
+  98
+  88
+  78
+  68
+  60
+  58
+  50
+  48
+  40
+  38
+  34
+  30
+  28
+  25
+  24
+  23
+  20
+  19
+  18
+   8
+(20 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check mentioning same column more than once
+--
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM
+  (SELECT DISTINCT two, four, two FROM tenk1) ss;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   Output: count(*)
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Output: tenk1.two, tenk1.four, tenk1.two
+         Group Key: tenk1.two, tenk1.four, tenk1.two
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.tenk1
+               Output: tenk1.two, tenk1.four, tenk1.two
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM
+  (SELECT DISTINCT two, four, two FROM tenk1) ss;
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Compare results between plans using sorting and plans using hash
+-- aggregation. Force spilling in both cases by setting work_mem low.
+--
+SET work_mem='64kB';
+-- Produce results with sorting.
+SET enable_hashagg=FALSE;
+SET jit_above_cost=0;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+SELECT DISTINCT g%1000 FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: ((g % 1000))
+         ->  Function Scan on generate_series g
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE distinct_group_1 AS
+SELECT DISTINCT g%1000 FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+SET jit_above_cost TO DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE distinct_group_2 AS
+SELECT DISTINCT (g%1000)::text FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+SET enable_hashagg=TRUE;
+-- Produce results with hash aggregation.
+SET enable_sort=FALSE;
+SET jit_above_cost=0;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+SELECT DISTINCT g%1000 FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: (g % 1000)
+   ->  Function Scan on generate_series g
+(3 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE distinct_hash_1 AS
+SELECT DISTINCT g%1000 FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+SET jit_above_cost TO DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE distinct_hash_2 AS
+SELECT DISTINCT (g%1000)::text FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+SET enable_sort=TRUE;
+SET work_mem TO DEFAULT;
+-- Compare results
+(SELECT * FROM distinct_hash_1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM distinct_group_1)
+  UNION ALL
+(SELECT * FROM distinct_group_1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM distinct_hash_1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+(SELECT * FROM distinct_hash_1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM distinct_group_1)
+  UNION ALL
+(SELECT * FROM distinct_group_1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM distinct_hash_1);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE distinct_hash_1;
+DROP TABLE distinct_hash_2;
+DROP TABLE distinct_group_1;
+DROP TABLE distinct_group_2;
+-- Test parallel DISTINCT
+SET parallel_tuple_cost=0;
+SET parallel_setup_cost=0;
+SET min_parallel_table_scan_size=0;
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather=2;
+-- Ensure we get a parallel plan
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+SELECT DISTINCT four FROM tenk1;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: four
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: four
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Ensure the parallel plan produces the correct results
+SELECT DISTINCT four FROM tenk1;
+ four 
+------
+    0
+    1
+    2
+    3
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION distinct_func(a INT) RETURNS INT AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN a;
+  END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql PARALLEL UNSAFE;
+-- Ensure we don't do parallel distinct with a parallel unsafe function
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT DISTINCT distinct_func(1) FROM tenk1;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: (distinct_func(1))
+         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_hundred on tenk1
+(4 rows)
+
+-- make the function parallel safe
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION distinct_func(a INT) RETURNS INT AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN a;
+  END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql PARALLEL SAFE;
+-- Ensure we do parallel distinct now that the function is parallel safe
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT DISTINCT distinct_func(1) FROM tenk1;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: (distinct_func(1))
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 2
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(6 rows)
+
+RESET max_parallel_workers_per_gather;
+RESET min_parallel_table_scan_size;
+RESET parallel_setup_cost;
+RESET parallel_tuple_cost;
+--
+-- Also, some tests of IS DISTINCT FROM, which doesn't quite deserve its
+-- very own regression file.
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE disttable (f1 integer);
+INSERT INTO DISTTABLE VALUES(1);
+INSERT INTO DISTTABLE VALUES(2);
+INSERT INTO DISTTABLE VALUES(3);
+INSERT INTO DISTTABLE VALUES(NULL);
+-- basic cases
+SELECT f1, f1 IS DISTINCT FROM 2 as "not 2" FROM disttable;
+ f1 | not 2 
+----+-------
+  1 | t
+  2 | f
+  3 | t
+    | t
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f1, f1 IS DISTINCT FROM NULL as "not null" FROM disttable;
+ f1 | not null 
+----+----------
+  1 | t
+  2 | t
+  3 | t
+    | f
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f1, f1 IS DISTINCT FROM f1 as "false" FROM disttable;
+ f1 | false 
+----+-------
+  1 | f
+  2 | f
+  3 | f
+    | f
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f1, f1 IS DISTINCT FROM f1+1 as "not null" FROM disttable;
+ f1 | not null 
+----+----------
+  1 | t
+  2 | t
+  3 | t
+    | f
+(4 rows)
+
+-- check that optimizer constant-folds it properly
+SELECT 1 IS DISTINCT FROM 2 as "yes";
+ yes 
+-----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2 IS DISTINCT FROM 2 as "no";
+ no 
+----
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2 IS DISTINCT FROM null as "yes";
+ yes 
+-----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT null IS DISTINCT FROM null as "no";
+ no 
+----
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- negated form
+SELECT 1 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM 2 as "no";
+ no 
+----
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM 2 as "yes";
+ yes 
+-----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 2 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM null as "no";
+ no 
+----
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT null IS NOT DISTINCT FROM null as "yes";
+ yes 
+-----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select_distinct_on.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select_distinct_on.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d98990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select_distinct_on.out
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_DISTINCT_ON
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (string4) string4, two, ten
+   FROM onek
+   ORDER BY string4 using <, two using >, ten using <;
+ string4 | two | ten 
+---------+-----+-----
+ AAAAxx  |   1 |   1
+ HHHHxx  |   1 |   1
+ OOOOxx  |   1 |   1
+ VVVVxx  |   1 |   1
+(4 rows)
+
+-- this will fail due to conflict of ordering requirements
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (string4, ten) string4, two, ten
+   FROM onek
+   ORDER BY string4 using <, two using <, ten using <;
+ERROR:  SELECT DISTINCT ON expressions must match initial ORDER BY expressions
+LINE 1: SELECT DISTINCT ON (string4, ten) string4, two, ten
+                                     ^
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (string4, ten) string4, ten, two
+   FROM onek
+   ORDER BY string4 using <, ten using >, two using <;
+ string4 | ten | two 
+---------+-----+-----
+ AAAAxx  |   9 |   1
+ AAAAxx  |   8 |   0
+ AAAAxx  |   7 |   1
+ AAAAxx  |   6 |   0
+ AAAAxx  |   5 |   1
+ AAAAxx  |   4 |   0
+ AAAAxx  |   3 |   1
+ AAAAxx  |   2 |   0
+ AAAAxx  |   1 |   1
+ AAAAxx  |   0 |   0
+ HHHHxx  |   9 |   1
+ HHHHxx  |   8 |   0
+ HHHHxx  |   7 |   1
+ HHHHxx  |   6 |   0
+ HHHHxx  |   5 |   1
+ HHHHxx  |   4 |   0
+ HHHHxx  |   3 |   1
+ HHHHxx  |   2 |   0
+ HHHHxx  |   1 |   1
+ HHHHxx  |   0 |   0
+ OOOOxx  |   9 |   1
+ OOOOxx  |   8 |   0
+ OOOOxx  |   7 |   1
+ OOOOxx  |   6 |   0
+ OOOOxx  |   5 |   1
+ OOOOxx  |   4 |   0
+ OOOOxx  |   3 |   1
+ OOOOxx  |   2 |   0
+ OOOOxx  |   1 |   1
+ OOOOxx  |   0 |   0
+ VVVVxx  |   9 |   1
+ VVVVxx  |   8 |   0
+ VVVVxx  |   7 |   1
+ VVVVxx  |   6 |   0
+ VVVVxx  |   5 |   1
+ VVVVxx  |   4 |   0
+ VVVVxx  |   3 |   1
+ VVVVxx  |   2 |   0
+ VVVVxx  |   1 |   1
+ VVVVxx  |   0 |   0
+(40 rows)
+
+-- bug #5049: early 8.4.x chokes on volatile DISTINCT ON clauses
+select distinct on (1) floor(random()) as r, f1 from int4_tbl order by 1,2;
+ r |     f1      
+---+-------------
+ 0 | -2147483647
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select_having.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select_having.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3950c0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select_having.out
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_HAVING
+--
+-- load test data
+CREATE TABLE test_having (a int, b int, c char(8), d char);
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (0, 1, 'XXXX', 'A');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (1, 2, 'AAAA', 'b');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (2, 2, 'AAAA', 'c');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (3, 3, 'BBBB', 'D');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (4, 3, 'BBBB', 'e');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (5, 3, 'bbbb', 'F');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (6, 4, 'cccc', 'g');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (7, 4, 'cccc', 'h');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (8, 4, 'CCCC', 'I');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (9, 4, 'CCCC', 'j');
+SELECT b, c FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY b, c HAVING count(*) = 1 ORDER BY b, c;
+ b |    c     
+---+----------
+ 1 | XXXX    
+ 3 | bbbb    
+(2 rows)
+
+-- HAVING is effectively equivalent to WHERE in this case
+SELECT b, c FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY b, c HAVING b = 3 ORDER BY b, c;
+ b |    c     
+---+----------
+ 3 | BBBB    
+ 3 | bbbb    
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT lower(c), count(c) FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY lower(c) HAVING count(*) > 2 OR min(a) = max(a)
+	ORDER BY lower(c);
+ lower | count 
+-------+-------
+ bbbb  |     3
+ cccc  |     4
+ xxxx  |     1
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT c, max(a) FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY c HAVING count(*) > 2 OR min(a) = max(a)
+	ORDER BY c;
+    c     | max 
+----------+-----
+ XXXX     |   0
+ bbbb     |   5
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test degenerate cases involving HAVING without GROUP BY
+-- Per SQL spec, these should generate 0 or 1 row, even without aggregates
+SELECT min(a), max(a) FROM test_having HAVING min(a) = max(a);
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT min(a), max(a) FROM test_having HAVING min(a) < max(a);
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+   0 |   9
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors: ungrouped column references
+SELECT a FROM test_having HAVING min(a) < max(a);
+ERROR:  column "test_having.a" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT a FROM test_having HAVING min(a) < max(a);
+               ^
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING a > 1;
+ERROR:  column "test_having.a" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING a > 1;
+                                                ^
+-- the really degenerate case: need not scan table at all
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING 1 > 2;
+ one 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING 1 < 2;
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+-- and just to prove that we aren't scanning the table:
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having WHERE 1/a = 1 HAVING 1 < 2;
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE test_having;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select_having_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select_having_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c58da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select_having_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_HAVING
+--
+-- load test data
+CREATE TABLE test_having (a int, b int, c char(8), d char);
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (0, 1, 'XXXX', 'A');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (1, 2, 'AAAA', 'b');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (2, 2, 'AAAA', 'c');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (3, 3, 'BBBB', 'D');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (4, 3, 'BBBB', 'e');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (5, 3, 'bbbb', 'F');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (6, 4, 'cccc', 'g');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (7, 4, 'cccc', 'h');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (8, 4, 'CCCC', 'I');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (9, 4, 'CCCC', 'j');
+SELECT b, c FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY b, c HAVING count(*) = 1 ORDER BY b, c;
+ b |    c     
+---+----------
+ 1 | XXXX    
+ 3 | bbbb    
+(2 rows)
+
+-- HAVING is effectively equivalent to WHERE in this case
+SELECT b, c FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY b, c HAVING b = 3 ORDER BY b, c;
+ b |    c     
+---+----------
+ 3 | BBBB    
+ 3 | bbbb    
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT lower(c), count(c) FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY lower(c) HAVING count(*) > 2 OR min(a) = max(a)
+	ORDER BY lower(c);
+ lower | count 
+-------+-------
+ bbbb  |     3
+ cccc  |     4
+ xxxx  |     1
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT c, max(a) FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY c HAVING count(*) > 2 OR min(a) = max(a)
+	ORDER BY c;
+    c     | max 
+----------+-----
+ bbbb     |   5
+ XXXX     |   0
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test degenerate cases involving HAVING without GROUP BY
+-- Per SQL spec, these should generate 0 or 1 row, even without aggregates
+SELECT min(a), max(a) FROM test_having HAVING min(a) = max(a);
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT min(a), max(a) FROM test_having HAVING min(a) < max(a);
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+   0 |   9
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors: ungrouped column references
+SELECT a FROM test_having HAVING min(a) < max(a);
+ERROR:  column "test_having.a" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT a FROM test_having HAVING min(a) < max(a);
+               ^
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING a > 1;
+ERROR:  column "test_having.a" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING a > 1;
+                                                ^
+-- the really degenerate case: need not scan table at all
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING 1 > 2;
+ one 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING 1 < 2;
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+-- and just to prove that we aren't scanning the table:
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having WHERE 1/a = 1 HAVING 1 < 2;
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE test_having;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select_having_2.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select_having_2.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7087fb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select_having_2.out
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_HAVING
+--
+-- load test data
+CREATE TABLE test_having (a int, b int, c char(8), d char);
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (0, 1, 'XXXX', 'A');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (1, 2, 'AAAA', 'b');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (2, 2, 'AAAA', 'c');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (3, 3, 'BBBB', 'D');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (4, 3, 'BBBB', 'e');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (5, 3, 'bbbb', 'F');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (6, 4, 'cccc', 'g');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (7, 4, 'cccc', 'h');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (8, 4, 'CCCC', 'I');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (9, 4, 'CCCC', 'j');
+SELECT b, c FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY b, c HAVING count(*) = 1 ORDER BY b, c;
+ b |    c     
+---+----------
+ 1 | XXXX    
+ 3 | bbbb    
+(2 rows)
+
+-- HAVING is effectively equivalent to WHERE in this case
+SELECT b, c FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY b, c HAVING b = 3 ORDER BY b, c;
+ b |    c     
+---+----------
+ 3 | bbbb    
+ 3 | BBBB    
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT lower(c), count(c) FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY lower(c) HAVING count(*) > 2 OR min(a) = max(a)
+	ORDER BY lower(c);
+ lower | count 
+-------+-------
+ bbbb  |     3
+ cccc  |     4
+ xxxx  |     1
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT c, max(a) FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY c HAVING count(*) > 2 OR min(a) = max(a)
+	ORDER BY c;
+    c     | max 
+----------+-----
+ bbbb     |   5
+ XXXX     |   0
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test degenerate cases involving HAVING without GROUP BY
+-- Per SQL spec, these should generate 0 or 1 row, even without aggregates
+SELECT min(a), max(a) FROM test_having HAVING min(a) = max(a);
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT min(a), max(a) FROM test_having HAVING min(a) < max(a);
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+   0 |   9
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors: ungrouped column references
+SELECT a FROM test_having HAVING min(a) < max(a);
+ERROR:  column "test_having.a" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT a FROM test_having HAVING min(a) < max(a);
+               ^
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING a > 1;
+ERROR:  column "test_having.a" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING a > 1;
+                                                ^
+-- the really degenerate case: need not scan table at all
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING 1 > 2;
+ one 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING 1 < 2;
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+-- and just to prove that we aren't scanning the table:
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having WHERE 1/a = 1 HAVING 1 < 2;
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE test_having;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select_implicit.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select_implicit.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27c07de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select_implicit.out
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_IMPLICIT
+-- Test cases for queries with ordering terms missing from the target list.
+-- This used to be called "junkfilter.sql".
+-- The parser uses the term "resjunk" to handle these cases.
+-- - thomas 1998-07-09
+--
+-- load test data
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target (a int, b int, c char(8), d char);
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (0, 1, 'XXXX', 'A');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (1, 2, 'ABAB', 'b');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (2, 2, 'ABAB', 'c');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (3, 3, 'BBBB', 'D');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (4, 3, 'BBBB', 'e');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (5, 3, 'bbbb', 'F');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (6, 4, 'cccc', 'g');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (7, 4, 'cccc', 'h');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (8, 4, 'CCCC', 'I');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (9, 4, 'CCCC', 'j');
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY test_missing_target.c ORDER BY c;
+    c     | count 
+----------+-------
+ ABAB     |     2
+ BBBB     |     2
+ CCCC     |     2
+ XXXX     |     1
+ bbbb     |     1
+ cccc     |     2
+(6 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY test_missing_target.c ORDER BY c;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+     2
+     2
+     1
+     1
+     2
+(6 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing a different ORDER BY target
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+ERROR:  column "test_missing_target.b" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: ...ECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+                                                                     ^
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing same ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+     3
+     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in target
+SELECT test_missing_target.b, count(*)
+  FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+ b | count 
+---+-------
+ 1 |     1
+ 2 |     2
+ 3 |     3
+ 4 |     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT c FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY a;
+    c     
+----------
+ XXXX    
+ ABAB    
+ ABAB    
+ BBBB    
+ BBBB    
+ bbbb    
+ cccc    
+ cccc    
+ CCCC    
+ CCCC    
+(10 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b desc;
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+     3
+     2
+     1
+(4 rows)
+
+--   group using reference number
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY 1 desc;
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+(1 row)
+
+--   order using reference number
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1;
+    c     | count 
+----------+-------
+ ABAB     |     2
+ BBBB     |     2
+ CCCC     |     2
+ XXXX     |     1
+ bbbb     |     1
+ cccc     |     2
+(6 rows)
+
+--   group using reference number out of range
+--   failure expected
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 3;
+ERROR:  GROUP BY position 3 is not in select list
+LINE 1: SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 3;
+                                                             ^
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY and ORDER BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+ERROR:  column reference "b" is ambiguous
+LINE 3:  GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+                             ^
+--   order w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a, a FROM test_missing_target
+	ORDER BY a;
+ a | a 
+---+---
+ 0 | 0
+ 1 | 1
+ 2 | 2
+ 3 | 3
+ 4 | 4
+ 5 | 5
+ 6 | 6
+ 7 | 7
+ 8 | 8
+ 9 | 9
+(10 rows)
+
+--   order expression w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target
+	ORDER BY a/2;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+        0 |        0
+        0 |        0
+        1 |        1
+        1 |        1
+        2 |        2
+        2 |        2
+        3 |        3
+        3 |        3
+        4 |        4
+        4 |        4
+(10 rows)
+
+--   group expression w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target
+	GROUP BY a/2 ORDER BY a/2;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+        0 |        0
+        1 |        1
+        2 |        2
+        3 |        3
+        4 |        4
+(5 rows)
+
+--   group w/ existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT x.b, count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+ b | count 
+---+-------
+ 1 |     1
+ 2 |     2
+ 3 |     3
+ 4 |     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+     3
+     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   into a table
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target2 AS
+SELECT count(*)
+FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+SELECT * FROM test_missing_target2;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+     3
+     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--  Functions and expressions
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT a%2, count(b) FROM test_missing_target
+GROUP BY test_missing_target.a%2
+ORDER BY test_missing_target.a%2;
+ ?column? | count 
+----------+-------
+        0 |     5
+        1 |     5
+(2 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT count(c) FROM test_missing_target
+GROUP BY lower(test_missing_target.c)
+ORDER BY lower(test_missing_target.c);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+     3
+     4
+     1
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing a different ORDER BY target
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(a) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+ERROR:  column "test_missing_target.b" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: ...ECT count(a) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+                                                                     ^
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing same ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     5
+     4
+(3 rows)
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in target
+SELECT lower(test_missing_target.c), count(c)
+  FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY lower(c) ORDER BY lower(c);
+ lower | count 
+-------+-------
+ abab  |     2
+ bbbb  |     3
+ cccc  |     4
+ xxxx  |     1
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT a FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY upper(d);
+ a 
+---
+ 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+(10 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target
+	GROUP BY (b + 1) / 2 ORDER BY (b + 1) / 2 desc;
+ count 
+-------
+     7
+     3
+(2 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY and ORDER BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(x.a) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+ERROR:  column reference "b" is ambiguous
+LINE 3:  GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+                               ^
+--   group w/ existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT x.b/2, count(x.b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2 ORDER BY x.b/2;
+ ?column? | count 
+----------+-------
+        0 |     1
+        1 |     5
+        2 |     4
+(3 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected due to ambiguous b in count(b)
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2;
+ERROR:  column reference "b" is ambiguous
+LINE 1: SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_tar...
+                     ^
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   into a table
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target3 AS
+SELECT count(x.b)
+FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2 ORDER BY x.b/2;
+SELECT * FROM test_missing_target3;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     5
+     4
+(3 rows)
+
+--   Cleanup
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target;
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target2;
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target3;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select_implicit_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select_implicit_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d67521e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select_implicit_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_IMPLICIT
+-- Test cases for queries with ordering terms missing from the target list.
+-- This used to be called "junkfilter.sql".
+-- The parser uses the term "resjunk" to handle these cases.
+-- - thomas 1998-07-09
+--
+-- load test data
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target (a int, b int, c char(8), d char);
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (0, 1, 'XXXX', 'A');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (1, 2, 'ABAB', 'b');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (2, 2, 'ABAB', 'c');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (3, 3, 'BBBB', 'D');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (4, 3, 'BBBB', 'e');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (5, 3, 'bbbb', 'F');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (6, 4, 'cccc', 'g');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (7, 4, 'cccc', 'h');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (8, 4, 'CCCC', 'I');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (9, 4, 'CCCC', 'j');
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY test_missing_target.c ORDER BY c;
+    c     | count 
+----------+-------
+ ABAB     |     2
+ BBBB     |     2
+ bbbb     |     1
+ CCCC     |     2
+ cccc     |     2
+ XXXX     |     1
+(6 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY test_missing_target.c ORDER BY c;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+     2
+     1
+     2
+     2
+     1
+(6 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing a different ORDER BY target
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+ERROR:  column "test_missing_target.b" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: ...ECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+                                                                     ^
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing same ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+     3
+     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in target
+SELECT test_missing_target.b, count(*)
+  FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+ b | count 
+---+-------
+ 1 |     1
+ 2 |     2
+ 3 |     3
+ 4 |     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT c FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY a;
+    c     
+----------
+ XXXX    
+ ABAB    
+ ABAB    
+ BBBB    
+ BBBB    
+ bbbb    
+ cccc    
+ cccc    
+ CCCC    
+ CCCC    
+(10 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b desc;
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+     3
+     2
+     1
+(4 rows)
+
+--   group using reference number
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY 1 desc;
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+(1 row)
+
+--   order using reference number
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1;
+    c     | count 
+----------+-------
+ ABAB     |     2
+ BBBB     |     2
+ bbbb     |     1
+ CCCC     |     2
+ cccc     |     2
+ XXXX     |     1
+(6 rows)
+
+--   group using reference number out of range
+--   failure expected
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 3;
+ERROR:  GROUP BY position 3 is not in select list
+LINE 1: SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 3;
+                                                             ^
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY and ORDER BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+ERROR:  column reference "b" is ambiguous
+LINE 3:  GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+                             ^
+--   order w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a, a FROM test_missing_target
+	ORDER BY a;
+ a | a 
+---+---
+ 0 | 0
+ 1 | 1
+ 2 | 2
+ 3 | 3
+ 4 | 4
+ 5 | 5
+ 6 | 6
+ 7 | 7
+ 8 | 8
+ 9 | 9
+(10 rows)
+
+--   order expression w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target
+	ORDER BY a/2;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+        0 |        0
+        0 |        0
+        1 |        1
+        1 |        1
+        2 |        2
+        2 |        2
+        3 |        3
+        3 |        3
+        4 |        4
+        4 |        4
+(10 rows)
+
+--   group expression w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target
+	GROUP BY a/2 ORDER BY a/2;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+        0 |        0
+        1 |        1
+        2 |        2
+        3 |        3
+        4 |        4
+(5 rows)
+
+--   group w/ existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT x.b, count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+ b | count 
+---+-------
+ 1 |     1
+ 2 |     2
+ 3 |     3
+ 4 |     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+     3
+     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   into a table
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target2 AS
+SELECT count(*)
+FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+SELECT * FROM test_missing_target2;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+     3
+     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--  Functions and expressions
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT a%2, count(b) FROM test_missing_target
+GROUP BY test_missing_target.a%2
+ORDER BY test_missing_target.a%2;
+ ?column? | count 
+----------+-------
+        0 |     5
+        1 |     5
+(2 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT count(c) FROM test_missing_target
+GROUP BY lower(test_missing_target.c)
+ORDER BY lower(test_missing_target.c);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+     3
+     4
+     1
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing a different ORDER BY target
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(a) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+ERROR:  column "test_missing_target.b" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: ...ECT count(a) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+                                                                     ^
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing same ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     5
+     4
+(3 rows)
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in target
+SELECT lower(test_missing_target.c), count(c)
+  FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY lower(c) ORDER BY lower(c);
+ lower | count 
+-------+-------
+ abab  |     2
+ bbbb  |     3
+ cccc  |     4
+ xxxx  |     1
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT a FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY upper(d);
+ a 
+---
+ 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+(10 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target
+	GROUP BY (b + 1) / 2 ORDER BY (b + 1) / 2 desc;
+ count 
+-------
+     7
+     3
+(2 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY and ORDER BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(x.a) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+ERROR:  column reference "b" is ambiguous
+LINE 3:  GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+                               ^
+--   group w/ existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT x.b/2, count(x.b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2 ORDER BY x.b/2;
+ ?column? | count 
+----------+-------
+        0 |     1
+        1 |     5
+        2 |     4
+(3 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected due to ambiguous b in count(b)
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2;
+ERROR:  column reference "b" is ambiguous
+LINE 1: SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_tar...
+                     ^
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   into a table
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target3 AS
+SELECT count(x.b)
+FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2 ORDER BY x.b/2;
+SELECT * FROM test_missing_target3;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     5
+     4
+(3 rows)
+
+--   Cleanup
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target;
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target2;
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target3;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select_implicit_2.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select_implicit_2.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a353d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select_implicit_2.out
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_IMPLICIT
+-- Test cases for queries with ordering terms missing from the target list.
+-- This used to be called "junkfilter.sql".
+-- The parser uses the term "resjunk" to handle these cases.
+-- - thomas 1998-07-09
+--
+-- load test data
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target (a int, b int, c char(8), d char);
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (0, 1, 'XXXX', 'A');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (1, 2, 'ABAB', 'b');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (2, 2, 'ABAB', 'c');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (3, 3, 'BBBB', 'D');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (4, 3, 'BBBB', 'e');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (5, 3, 'bbbb', 'F');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (6, 4, 'cccc', 'g');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (7, 4, 'cccc', 'h');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (8, 4, 'CCCC', 'I');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (9, 4, 'CCCC', 'j');
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY test_missing_target.c ORDER BY c;
+    c     | count 
+----------+-------
+ ABAB     |     2
+ bbbb     |     1
+ BBBB     |     2
+ cccc     |     2
+ CCCC     |     2
+ XXXX     |     1
+(6 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY test_missing_target.c ORDER BY c;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+     1
+     2
+     2
+     2
+     1
+(6 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing a different ORDER BY target
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+ERROR:  column "test_missing_target.b" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: ...ECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+                                                                     ^
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing same ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+     3
+     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in target
+SELECT test_missing_target.b, count(*)
+  FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+ b | count 
+---+-------
+ 1 |     1
+ 2 |     2
+ 3 |     3
+ 4 |     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT c FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY a;
+    c     
+----------
+ XXXX    
+ ABAB    
+ ABAB    
+ BBBB    
+ BBBB    
+ bbbb    
+ cccc    
+ cccc    
+ CCCC    
+ CCCC    
+(10 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b desc;
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+     3
+     2
+     1
+(4 rows)
+
+--   group using reference number
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY 1 desc;
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+(1 row)
+
+--   order using reference number
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1;
+    c     | count 
+----------+-------
+ ABAB     |     2
+ bbbb     |     1
+ BBBB     |     2
+ cccc     |     2
+ CCCC     |     2
+ XXXX     |     1
+(6 rows)
+
+--   group using reference number out of range
+--   failure expected
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 3;
+ERROR:  GROUP BY position 3 is not in select list
+LINE 1: SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 3;
+                                                             ^
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY and ORDER BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+ERROR:  column reference "b" is ambiguous
+LINE 3:  GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+                             ^
+--   order w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a, a FROM test_missing_target
+	ORDER BY a;
+ a | a 
+---+---
+ 0 | 0
+ 1 | 1
+ 2 | 2
+ 3 | 3
+ 4 | 4
+ 5 | 5
+ 6 | 6
+ 7 | 7
+ 8 | 8
+ 9 | 9
+(10 rows)
+
+--   order expression w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target
+	ORDER BY a/2;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+        0 |        0
+        0 |        0
+        1 |        1
+        1 |        1
+        2 |        2
+        2 |        2
+        3 |        3
+        3 |        3
+        4 |        4
+        4 |        4
+(10 rows)
+
+--   group expression w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target
+	GROUP BY a/2 ORDER BY a/2;
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+        0 |        0
+        1 |        1
+        2 |        2
+        3 |        3
+        4 |        4
+(5 rows)
+
+--   group w/ existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT x.b, count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+ b | count 
+---+-------
+ 1 |     1
+ 2 |     2
+ 3 |     3
+ 4 |     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+     3
+     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   into a table
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target2 AS
+SELECT count(*)
+FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+SELECT * FROM test_missing_target2;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+     3
+     4
+(4 rows)
+
+--  Functions and expressions
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT a%2, count(b) FROM test_missing_target
+GROUP BY test_missing_target.a%2
+ORDER BY test_missing_target.a%2;
+ ?column? | count 
+----------+-------
+        0 |     5
+        1 |     5
+(2 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT count(c) FROM test_missing_target
+GROUP BY lower(test_missing_target.c)
+ORDER BY lower(test_missing_target.c);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+     3
+     4
+     1
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing a different ORDER BY target
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(a) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+ERROR:  column "test_missing_target.b" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
+LINE 1: ...ECT count(a) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+                                                                     ^
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing same ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     5
+     4
+(3 rows)
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in target
+SELECT lower(test_missing_target.c), count(c)
+  FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY lower(c) ORDER BY lower(c);
+ lower | count 
+-------+-------
+ abab  |     2
+ bbbb  |     3
+ cccc  |     4
+ xxxx  |     1
+(4 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT a FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY upper(d);
+ a 
+---
+ 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+ 8
+ 9
+(10 rows)
+
+--   w/o existing ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target
+	GROUP BY (b + 1) / 2 ORDER BY (b + 1) / 2 desc;
+ count 
+-------
+     7
+     3
+(2 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY and ORDER BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(x.a) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+ERROR:  column reference "b" is ambiguous
+LINE 3:  GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+                               ^
+--   group w/ existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT x.b/2, count(x.b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2 ORDER BY x.b/2;
+ ?column? | count 
+----------+-------
+        0 |     1
+        1 |     5
+        2 |     4
+(3 rows)
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected due to ambiguous b in count(b)
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2;
+ERROR:  column reference "b" is ambiguous
+LINE 1: SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_tar...
+                     ^
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   into a table
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target3 AS
+SELECT count(x.b)
+FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2 ORDER BY x.b/2;
+SELECT * FROM test_missing_target3;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+     5
+     4
+(3 rows)
+
+--   Cleanup
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target;
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target2;
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target3;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select_into.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select_into.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b79fe9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select_into.out
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_INTO
+--
+SELECT *
+   INTO TABLE sitmp1
+   FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 < 2;
+DROP TABLE sitmp1;
+SELECT *
+   INTO TABLE sitmp1
+   FROM onek2
+   WHERE onek2.unique1 < 2;
+DROP TABLE sitmp1;
+--
+-- SELECT INTO and INSERT permission, if owner is not allowed to insert.
+--
+CREATE SCHEMA selinto_schema;
+CREATE USER regress_selinto_user;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_selinto_user
+	  REVOKE INSERT ON TABLES FROM regress_selinto_user;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA selinto_schema TO public;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_selinto_user;
+-- WITH DATA, passes.
+CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_withdata1 (a)
+  AS SELECT generate_series(1,3) WITH DATA;
+INSERT INTO selinto_schema.tbl_withdata1 VALUES (4);
+ERROR:  permission denied for table tbl_withdata1
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_withdata2 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1,3) WITH DATA;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ ProjectSet (actual rows=3 loops=1)
+   ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- WITH NO DATA, passes.
+CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_nodata1 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1,3) WITH NO DATA;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_nodata2 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1,3) WITH NO DATA;
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ ProjectSet (never executed)
+   ->  Result (never executed)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- EXECUTE and WITH DATA, passes.
+PREPARE data_sel AS SELECT generate_series(1,3);
+CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_withdata3 (a) AS
+  EXECUTE data_sel WITH DATA;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_withdata4 (a) AS
+  EXECUTE data_sel WITH DATA;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ ProjectSet (actual rows=3 loops=1)
+   ->  Result (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- EXECUTE and WITH NO DATA, passes.
+CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_nodata3 (a) AS
+  EXECUTE data_sel WITH NO DATA;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_nodata4 (a) AS
+  EXECUTE data_sel WITH NO DATA;
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ ProjectSet (never executed)
+   ->  Result (never executed)
+(2 rows)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_selinto_user
+	  GRANT INSERT ON TABLES TO regress_selinto_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_selinto_user;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DEALLOCATE data_sel;
+DROP SCHEMA selinto_schema CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 8 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table selinto_schema.tbl_withdata1
+drop cascades to table selinto_schema.tbl_withdata2
+drop cascades to table selinto_schema.tbl_nodata1
+drop cascades to table selinto_schema.tbl_nodata2
+drop cascades to table selinto_schema.tbl_withdata3
+drop cascades to table selinto_schema.tbl_withdata4
+drop cascades to table selinto_schema.tbl_nodata3
+drop cascades to table selinto_schema.tbl_nodata4
+DROP USER regress_selinto_user;
+-- Tests for WITH NO DATA and column name consistency
+CREATE TABLE ctas_base (i int, j int);
+INSERT INTO ctas_base VALUES (1, 2);
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata (ii, jj, kk) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base; -- Error
+ERROR:  too many column names were specified
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata (ii, jj, kk) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base WITH NO DATA; -- Error
+ERROR:  too many column names were specified
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata (ii, jj) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base; -- OK
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata_2 (ii, jj) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base WITH NO DATA; -- OK
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata_3 (ii) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base; -- OK
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata_4 (ii) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base WITH NO DATA; -- OK
+SELECT * FROM ctas_nodata;
+ ii | jj 
+----+----
+  1 |  2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM ctas_nodata_2;
+ ii | jj 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM ctas_nodata_3;
+ ii | j 
+----+---
+  1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM ctas_nodata_4;
+ ii | j 
+----+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE ctas_base;
+DROP TABLE ctas_nodata;
+DROP TABLE ctas_nodata_2;
+DROP TABLE ctas_nodata_3;
+DROP TABLE ctas_nodata_4;
+--
+-- CREATE TABLE AS/SELECT INTO as last command in a SQL function
+-- have been known to cause problems
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION make_table() RETURNS VOID
+AS $$
+  CREATE TABLE created_table AS SELECT * FROM int8_tbl;
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT make_table();
+ make_table 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM created_table;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Try EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT INTO and EXPLAIN ANALYZE CREATE TABLE AS
+-- WITH NO DATA, but hide the outputs since they won't be stable.
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+	EXECUTE 'EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * INTO TABLE easi FROM int8_tbl';
+	EXECUTE 'EXPLAIN ANALYZE CREATE TABLE easi2 AS SELECT * FROM int8_tbl WITH NO DATA';
+END$$;
+DROP TABLE created_table;
+DROP TABLE easi, easi2;
+--
+-- Disallowed uses of SELECT ... INTO.  All should fail
+--
+DECLARE foo CURSOR FOR SELECT 1 INTO int4_tbl;
+ERROR:  SELECT ... INTO is not allowed here
+LINE 1: DECLARE foo CURSOR FOR SELECT 1 INTO int4_tbl;
+                                             ^
+COPY (SELECT 1 INTO frak UNION SELECT 2) TO 'blob';
+ERROR:  COPY (SELECT INTO) is not supported
+SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1 INTO f) bar;
+ERROR:  SELECT ... INTO is not allowed here
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1 INTO f) bar;
+                                     ^
+CREATE VIEW foo AS SELECT 1 INTO int4_tbl;
+ERROR:  views must not contain SELECT INTO
+INSERT INTO int4_tbl SELECT 1 INTO f;
+ERROR:  SELECT ... INTO is not allowed here
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO int4_tbl SELECT 1 INTO f;
+                                           ^
+-- Test CREATE TABLE AS ... IF NOT EXISTS
+CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0; -- error
+ERROR:  relation "ctas_ine_tbl" already exists
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0; -- ok
+NOTICE:  relation "ctas_ine_tbl" already exists, skipping
+CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- error
+ERROR:  relation "ctas_ine_tbl" already exists
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+NOTICE:  relation "ctas_ine_tbl" already exists, skipping
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0; -- error
+ERROR:  relation "ctas_ine_tbl" already exists
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0; -- ok
+NOTICE:  relation "ctas_ine_tbl" already exists, skipping
+ QUERY PLAN 
+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- error
+ERROR:  relation "ctas_ine_tbl" already exists
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+NOTICE:  relation "ctas_ine_tbl" already exists, skipping
+ QUERY PLAN 
+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+PREPARE ctas_ine_query AS SELECT 1 / 0;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS EXECUTE ctas_ine_query; -- error
+ERROR:  relation "ctas_ine_tbl" already exists
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ctas_ine_tbl AS EXECUTE ctas_ine_query; -- ok
+NOTICE:  relation "ctas_ine_tbl" already exists, skipping
+ QUERY PLAN 
+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE ctas_ine_tbl;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select_parallel.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select_parallel.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91f74fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select_parallel.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1221 @@
+--
+-- PARALLEL
+--
+create function sp_parallel_restricted(int) returns int as
+  $$begin return $1; end$$ language plpgsql parallel restricted;
+begin;
+-- encourage use of parallel plans
+set parallel_setup_cost=0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost=0;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size=0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather=4;
+-- Parallel Append with partial-subplans
+explain (costs off)
+  select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 3
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Append
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on d_star a_star_4
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on f_star a_star_6
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on e_star a_star_5
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on b_star a_star_2
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on c_star a_star_3
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on a_star a_star_1
+(11 rows)
+
+select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star a1;
+ round | sum 
+-------+-----
+    14 | 355
+(1 row)
+
+-- Parallel Append with both partial and non-partial subplans
+alter table c_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+alter table d_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+explain (costs off)
+  select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 3
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on d_star a_star_4
+                     ->  Seq Scan on c_star a_star_3
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on f_star a_star_6
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on e_star a_star_5
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on b_star a_star_2
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on a_star a_star_1
+(11 rows)
+
+select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star a2;
+ round | sum 
+-------+-----
+    14 | 355
+(1 row)
+
+-- Parallel Append with only non-partial subplans
+alter table a_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+alter table b_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+alter table e_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+alter table f_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+explain (costs off)
+  select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 3
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on d_star a_star_4
+                     ->  Seq Scan on f_star a_star_6
+                     ->  Seq Scan on e_star a_star_5
+                     ->  Seq Scan on b_star a_star_2
+                     ->  Seq Scan on c_star a_star_3
+                     ->  Seq Scan on a_star a_star_1
+(11 rows)
+
+select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star a3;
+ round | sum 
+-------+-----
+    14 | 355
+(1 row)
+
+-- Disable Parallel Append
+alter table a_star reset (parallel_workers);
+alter table b_star reset (parallel_workers);
+alter table c_star reset (parallel_workers);
+alter table d_star reset (parallel_workers);
+alter table e_star reset (parallel_workers);
+alter table f_star reset (parallel_workers);
+set enable_parallel_append to off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 1
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on a_star a_star_1
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on b_star a_star_2
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on c_star a_star_3
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on d_star a_star_4
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on e_star a_star_5
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on f_star a_star_6
+(11 rows)
+
+select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star a4;
+ round | sum 
+-------+-----
+    14 | 355
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_parallel_append;
+-- Parallel Append that runs serially
+create function sp_test_func() returns setof text as
+$$ select 'foo'::varchar union all select 'bar'::varchar $$
+language sql stable;
+select sp_test_func() order by 1;
+ sp_test_func 
+--------------
+ bar
+ foo
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Parallel Append is not to be used when the subpath depends on the outer param
+create table part_pa_test(a int, b int) partition by range(a);
+create table part_pa_test_p1 partition of part_pa_test for values from (minvalue) to (0);
+create table part_pa_test_p2 partition of part_pa_test for values from (0) to (maxvalue);
+explain (costs off)
+	select (select max((select pa1.b from part_pa_test pa1 where pa1.a = pa2.a)))
+	from part_pa_test pa2;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 3
+         ->  Parallel Append
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on part_pa_test_p1 pa2_1
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on part_pa_test_p2 pa2_2
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Result
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Append
+           ->  Seq Scan on part_pa_test_p1 pa1_1
+                 Filter: (a = pa2.a)
+           ->  Seq Scan on part_pa_test_p2 pa1_2
+                 Filter: (a = pa2.a)
+(14 rows)
+
+drop table part_pa_test;
+-- test with leader participation disabled
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 where stringu1 = 'GRAAAA';
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+                     Filter: (stringu1 = 'GRAAAA'::name)
+(6 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 where stringu1 = 'GRAAAA';
+ count 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+-- test with leader participation disabled, but no workers available (so
+-- the leader will have to run the plan despite the setting)
+set max_parallel_workers = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 where stringu1 = 'GRAAAA';
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+                     Filter: (stringu1 = 'GRAAAA'::name)
+(6 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 where stringu1 = 'GRAAAA';
+ count 
+-------
+    15
+(1 row)
+
+reset max_parallel_workers;
+reset parallel_leader_participation;
+-- test that parallel_restricted function doesn't run in worker
+alter table tenk1 set (parallel_workers = 4);
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select sp_parallel_restricted(unique1) from tenk1
+  where stringu1 = 'GRAAAA' order by 1;
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Output: (sp_parallel_restricted(unique1))
+   Sort Key: (sp_parallel_restricted(tenk1.unique1))
+   ->  Gather
+         Output: sp_parallel_restricted(unique1)
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1
+               Output: unique1
+               Filter: (tenk1.stringu1 = 'GRAAAA'::name)
+(9 rows)
+
+-- test parallel plan when group by expression is in target list.
+explain (costs off)
+	select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize HashAggregate
+   Group Key: (length((stringu1)::text))
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial HashAggregate
+               Group Key: length((stringu1)::text)
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(7 rows)
+
+select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+ length 
+--------
+      6
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+	select stringu1, count(*) from tenk1 group by stringu1 order by stringu1;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: stringu1
+   ->  Finalize HashAggregate
+         Group Key: stringu1
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 4
+               ->  Partial HashAggregate
+                     Group Key: stringu1
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(9 rows)
+
+-- test that parallel plan for aggregates is not selected when
+-- target list contains parallel restricted clause.
+explain (costs off)
+	select  sum(sp_parallel_restricted(unique1)) from tenk1
+	group by(sp_parallel_restricted(unique1));
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: sp_parallel_restricted(unique1)
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+(5 rows)
+
+-- test prepared statement
+prepare tenk1_count(integer) As select  count((unique1)) from tenk1 where hundred > $1;
+explain (costs off) execute tenk1_count(1);
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+                     Filter: (hundred > 1)
+(6 rows)
+
+execute tenk1_count(1);
+ count 
+-------
+  9800
+(1 row)
+
+deallocate tenk1_count;
+-- test parallel plans for queries containing un-correlated subplans.
+alter table tenk2 set (parallel_workers = 0);
+explain (costs off)
+	select count(*) from tenk1 where (two, four) not in
+	(select hundred, thousand from tenk2 where thousand > 100);
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+                     Filter: (NOT (hashed SubPlan 1))
+                     SubPlan 1
+                       ->  Seq Scan on tenk2
+                             Filter: (thousand > 100)
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 where (two, four) not in
+	(select hundred, thousand from tenk2 where thousand > 100);
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+-- this is not parallel-safe due to use of random() within SubLink's testexpr:
+explain (costs off)
+	select * from tenk1 where (unique1 + random())::integer not in
+	(select ten from tenk2);
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on tenk1
+   Filter: (NOT (hashed SubPlan 1))
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Seq Scan on tenk2
+(4 rows)
+
+alter table tenk2 reset (parallel_workers);
+-- test parallel plan for a query containing initplan.
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+set enable_indexonlyscan = off;
+set enable_bitmapscan = off;
+alter table tenk2 set (parallel_workers = 2);
+explain (costs off)
+	select count(*) from tenk1
+        where tenk1.unique1 = (Select max(tenk2.unique1) from tenk2);
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $2)
+     ->  Finalize Aggregate
+           ->  Gather
+                 Workers Planned: 2
+                 ->  Partial Aggregate
+                       ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk2
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         Params Evaluated: $2
+         ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+               Filter: (unique1 = $2)
+(12 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1
+    where tenk1.unique1 = (Select max(tenk2.unique1) from tenk2);
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset enable_indexonlyscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+alter table tenk2 reset (parallel_workers);
+-- test parallel index scans.
+set enable_seqscan to off;
+set enable_bitmapscan to off;
+explain (costs off)
+	select  count((unique1)) from tenk1 where hundred > 1;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Index Scan using tenk1_hundred on tenk1
+                     Index Cond: (hundred > 1)
+(6 rows)
+
+select  count((unique1)) from tenk1 where hundred > 1;
+ count 
+-------
+  9800
+(1 row)
+
+-- test parallel index-only scans.
+explain (costs off)
+	select  count(*) from tenk1 where thousand > 95;
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+                     Index Cond: (thousand > 95)
+(6 rows)
+
+select  count(*) from tenk1 where thousand > 95;
+ count 
+-------
+  9040
+(1 row)
+
+-- test rescan cases too
+set enable_material = false;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select count(unique1) from tenk1 where hundred > 10) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+   ->  Finalize Aggregate
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 4
+               ->  Partial Aggregate
+                     ->  Parallel Index Scan using tenk1_hundred on tenk1
+                           Index Cond: (hundred > 10)
+(8 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select count(unique1) from tenk1 where hundred > 10) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+ count | x 
+-------+---
+  8900 | 1
+  8900 | 2
+  8900 | 3
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select count(*) from tenk1 where thousand > 99) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                      
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+   ->  Finalize Aggregate
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 4
+               ->  Partial Aggregate
+                     ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
+                           Index Cond: (thousand > 99)
+(8 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select count(*) from tenk1 where thousand > 99) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+ count | x 
+-------+---
+  9000 | 1
+  9000 | 2
+  9000 | 3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- test rescans for a Limit node with a parallel node beneath it.
+reset enable_seqscan;
+set enable_indexonlyscan to off;
+set enable_indexscan to off;
+alter table tenk1 set (parallel_workers = 0);
+alter table tenk2 set (parallel_workers = 1);
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from tenk1
+  left join (select tenk2.unique1 from tenk2 order by 1 limit 1000) ss
+  on tenk1.unique1 < ss.unique1 + 1
+  where tenk1.unique1 < 2;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop Left Join
+         Join Filter: (tenk1.unique1 < (tenk2.unique1 + 1))
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+               Filter: (unique1 < 2)
+         ->  Limit
+               ->  Gather Merge
+                     Workers Planned: 1
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: tenk2.unique1
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk2
+(11 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1
+  left join (select tenk2.unique1 from tenk2 order by 1 limit 1000) ss
+  on tenk1.unique1 < ss.unique1 + 1
+  where tenk1.unique1 < 2;
+ count 
+-------
+  1999
+(1 row)
+
+--reset the value of workers for each table as it was before this test.
+alter table tenk1 set (parallel_workers = 4);
+alter table tenk2 reset (parallel_workers);
+reset enable_material;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+reset enable_indexonlyscan;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+-- test parallel bitmap heap scan.
+set enable_seqscan to off;
+set enable_indexscan to off;
+set enable_hashjoin to off;
+set enable_mergejoin to off;
+set enable_material to off;
+-- test prefetching, if the platform allows it
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+ SET effective_io_concurrency = 50;
+EXCEPTION WHEN invalid_parameter_value THEN
+END $$;
+set work_mem='64kB';  --set small work mem to force lossy pages
+explain (costs off)
+	select count(*) from tenk1, tenk2 where tenk1.hundred > 1 and tenk2.thousand=0;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk2
+               Filter: (thousand = 0)
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 4
+               ->  Parallel Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1
+                     Recheck Cond: (hundred > 1)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_hundred
+                           Index Cond: (hundred > 1)
+(10 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1, tenk2 where tenk1.hundred > 1 and tenk2.thousand=0;
+ count 
+-------
+ 98000
+(1 row)
+
+create table bmscantest (a int, t text);
+insert into bmscantest select r, 'fooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo' FROM generate_series(1,100000) r;
+create index i_bmtest ON bmscantest(a);
+select count(*) from bmscantest where a>1;
+ count 
+-------
+ 99999
+(1 row)
+
+-- test accumulation of stats for parallel nodes
+reset enable_seqscan;
+alter table tenk2 set (parallel_workers = 0);
+explain (analyze, timing off, summary off, costs off)
+   select count(*) from tenk1, tenk2 where tenk1.hundred > 1
+        and tenk2.thousand=0;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Nested Loop (actual rows=98000 loops=1)
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk2 (actual rows=10 loops=1)
+               Filter: (thousand = 0)
+               Rows Removed by Filter: 9990
+         ->  Gather (actual rows=9800 loops=10)
+               Workers Planned: 4
+               Workers Launched: 4
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1 (actual rows=1960 loops=50)
+                     Filter: (hundred > 1)
+                     Rows Removed by Filter: 40
+(11 rows)
+
+alter table tenk2 reset (parallel_workers);
+reset work_mem;
+create function explain_parallel_sort_stats() returns setof text
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in
+        explain (analyze, timing off, summary off, costs off)
+          select * from
+          (select ten from tenk1 where ten < 100 order by ten) ss
+          right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true
+    loop
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Memory: \S*',  'Memory: xxx');
+        return next ln;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+select * from explain_parallel_sort_stats();
+                       explain_parallel_sort_stats                        
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join (actual rows=30000 loops=1)
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*" (actual rows=3 loops=1)
+   ->  Gather Merge (actual rows=10000 loops=3)
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         Workers Launched: 4
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=2000 loops=15)
+               Sort Key: tenk1.ten
+               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               Worker 0:  Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               Worker 1:  Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               Worker 2:  Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               Worker 3:  Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1 (actual rows=2000 loops=15)
+                     Filter: (ten < 100)
+(14 rows)
+
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_mergejoin;
+reset enable_material;
+reset effective_io_concurrency;
+drop table bmscantest;
+drop function explain_parallel_sort_stats();
+-- test parallel merge join path.
+set enable_hashjoin to off;
+set enable_nestloop to off;
+explain (costs off)
+	select  count(*) from tenk1, tenk2 where tenk1.unique1 = tenk2.unique1;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Merge Join
+                     Merge Cond: (tenk1.unique1 = tenk2.unique1)
+                     ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                     ->  Index Only Scan using tenk2_unique1 on tenk2
+(8 rows)
+
+select  count(*) from tenk1, tenk2 where tenk1.unique1 = tenk2.unique1;
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_nestloop;
+-- test gather merge
+set enable_hashagg = false;
+explain (costs off)
+   select count(*) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: twenty
+   ->  Gather Merge
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: twenty
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: twenty
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+(20 rows)
+
+--test expressions in targetlist are pushed down for gather merge
+create function sp_simple_func(var1 integer) returns integer
+as $$
+begin
+        return var1 + 10;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql PARALLEL SAFE;
+explain (costs off, verbose)
+    select ten, sp_simple_func(ten) from tenk1 where ten < 100 order by ten;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Gather Merge
+   Output: ten, (sp_simple_func(ten))
+   Workers Planned: 4
+   ->  Result
+         Output: ten, sp_simple_func(ten)
+         ->  Sort
+               Output: ten
+               Sort Key: tenk1.ten
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1
+                     Output: ten
+                     Filter: (tenk1.ten < 100)
+(11 rows)
+
+drop function sp_simple_func(integer);
+-- test handling of SRFs in targetlist (bug in 10.0)
+explain (costs off)
+   select count(*), generate_series(1,2) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ ProjectSet
+   ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: twenty
+         ->  Gather Merge
+               Workers Planned: 4
+               ->  Partial GroupAggregate
+                     Group Key: twenty
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: twenty
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(10 rows)
+
+select count(*), generate_series(1,2) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+ count | generate_series 
+-------+-----------------
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+   500 |               1
+   500 |               2
+(40 rows)
+
+-- test gather merge with parallel leader participation disabled
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+explain (costs off)
+   select count(*) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: twenty
+   ->  Gather Merge
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: twenty
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: twenty
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+ count 
+-------
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+   500
+(20 rows)
+
+reset parallel_leader_participation;
+--test rescan behavior of gather merge
+set enable_material = false;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select string4, count(unique2)
+   from tenk1 group by string4 order by string4) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+   ->  Finalize GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: tenk1.string4
+         ->  Gather Merge
+               Workers Planned: 4
+               ->  Partial GroupAggregate
+                     Group Key: tenk1.string4
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: tenk1.string4
+                           ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(11 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select string4, count(unique2)
+   from tenk1 group by string4 order by string4) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+ string4 | count | x 
+---------+-------+---
+ AAAAxx  |  2500 | 1
+ HHHHxx  |  2500 | 1
+ OOOOxx  |  2500 | 1
+ VVVVxx  |  2500 | 1
+ AAAAxx  |  2500 | 2
+ HHHHxx  |  2500 | 2
+ OOOOxx  |  2500 | 2
+ VVVVxx  |  2500 | 2
+ AAAAxx  |  2500 | 3
+ HHHHxx  |  2500 | 3
+ OOOOxx  |  2500 | 3
+ VVVVxx  |  2500 | 3
+(12 rows)
+
+reset enable_material;
+reset enable_hashagg;
+-- check parallelized int8 aggregate (bug #14897)
+explain (costs off)
+select avg(unique1::int8) from tenk1;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize Aggregate
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial Aggregate
+               ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+(5 rows)
+
+select avg(unique1::int8) from tenk1;
+          avg          
+-----------------------
+ 4999.5000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- gather merge test with a LIMIT
+explain (costs off)
+  select fivethous from tenk1 order by fivethous limit 4;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Gather Merge
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: fivethous
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(6 rows)
+
+select fivethous from tenk1 order by fivethous limit 4;
+ fivethous 
+-----------
+         0
+         0
+         1
+         1
+(4 rows)
+
+-- gather merge test with 0 worker
+set max_parallel_workers = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+   select string4 from tenk1 order by string4 limit 5;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Gather Merge
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: string4
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(6 rows)
+
+select string4 from tenk1 order by string4 limit 5;
+ string4 
+---------
+ AAAAxx
+ AAAAxx
+ AAAAxx
+ AAAAxx
+ AAAAxx
+(5 rows)
+
+-- gather merge test with 0 workers, with parallel leader
+-- participation disabled (the leader will have to run the plan
+-- despite the setting)
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+explain (costs off)
+   select string4 from tenk1 order by string4 limit 5;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Gather Merge
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: string4
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(6 rows)
+
+select string4 from tenk1 order by string4 limit 5;
+ string4 
+---------
+ AAAAxx
+ AAAAxx
+ AAAAxx
+ AAAAxx
+ AAAAxx
+(5 rows)
+
+reset parallel_leader_participation;
+reset max_parallel_workers;
+SAVEPOINT settings;
+SET LOCAL force_parallel_mode = 1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select stringu1::int2 from tenk1 where unique1 = 1;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Gather
+   Workers Planned: 1
+   Single Copy: true
+   ->  Index Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+         Index Cond: (unique1 = 1)
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT settings;
+-- exercise record typmod remapping between backends
+CREATE FUNCTION make_record(n int)
+  RETURNS RECORD LANGUAGE plpgsql PARALLEL SAFE AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  RETURN CASE n
+           WHEN 1 THEN ROW(1)
+           WHEN 2 THEN ROW(1, 2)
+           WHEN 3 THEN ROW(1, 2, 3)
+           WHEN 4 THEN ROW(1, 2, 3, 4)
+           ELSE ROW(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+         END;
+END;
+$$;
+SAVEPOINT settings;
+SET LOCAL force_parallel_mode = 1;
+SELECT make_record(x) FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 5) x) ss ORDER BY x;
+ make_record 
+-------------
+ (1)
+ (1,2)
+ (1,2,3)
+ (1,2,3,4)
+ (1,2,3,4,5)
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT settings;
+DROP function make_record(n int);
+-- test the sanity of parallel query after the active role is dropped.
+drop role if exists regress_parallel_worker;
+NOTICE:  role "regress_parallel_worker" does not exist, skipping
+create role regress_parallel_worker;
+set role regress_parallel_worker;
+reset session authorization;
+drop role regress_parallel_worker;
+set force_parallel_mode = 1;
+select count(*) from tenk1;
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+reset force_parallel_mode;
+reset role;
+-- Window function calculation can't be pushed to workers.
+explain (costs off, verbose)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a where (unique1, two) in
+    (select unique1, row_number() over() from tenk1 b);
+                                          QUERY PLAN                                          
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   Output: count(*)
+   ->  Hash Semi Join
+         Hash Cond: ((a.unique1 = b.unique1) AND (a.two = (row_number() OVER (?))))
+         ->  Gather
+               Output: a.unique1, a.two
+               Workers Planned: 4
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1 a
+                     Output: a.unique1, a.two
+         ->  Hash
+               Output: b.unique1, (row_number() OVER (?))
+               ->  WindowAgg
+                     Output: b.unique1, row_number() OVER (?)
+                     ->  Gather
+                           Output: b.unique1
+                           Workers Planned: 4
+                           ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on public.tenk1 b
+                                 Output: b.unique1
+(18 rows)
+
+-- LIMIT/OFFSET within sub-selects can't be pushed to workers.
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from tenk1 a where two in
+    (select two from tenk1 b where stringu1 like '%AAAA' limit 3);
+                          QUERY PLAN                           
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Semi Join
+   Hash Cond: (a.two = b.two)
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1 a
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Limit
+               ->  Gather
+                     Workers Planned: 4
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1 b
+                           Filter: (stringu1 ~~ '%AAAA'::text)
+(11 rows)
+
+-- to increase the parallel query test coverage
+SAVEPOINT settings;
+SET LOCAL force_parallel_mode = 1;
+EXPLAIN (analyze, timing off, summary off, costs off) SELECT * FROM tenk1;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Gather (actual rows=10000 loops=1)
+   Workers Planned: 4
+   Workers Launched: 4
+   ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1 (actual rows=2000 loops=5)
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT settings;
+-- provoke error in worker
+-- (make the error message long enough to require multiple bufferloads)
+SAVEPOINT settings;
+SET LOCAL force_parallel_mode = 1;
+select (stringu1 || repeat('abcd', 5000))::int2 from tenk1 where unique1 = 1;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type smallint: "BAAAAAabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcda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bcdabcd"
+CONTEXT:  parallel worker
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT settings;
+-- test interaction with set-returning functions
+SAVEPOINT settings;
+-- multiple subqueries under a single Gather node
+-- must set parallel_setup_cost > 0 to discourage multiple Gather nodes
+SET LOCAL parallel_setup_cost = 10;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous = tenthous + 1
+UNION ALL
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous = tenthous + 1;
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ Gather
+   Workers Planned: 4
+   ->  Parallel Append
+         ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+               Filter: (fivethous = (tenthous + 1))
+         ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1 tenk1_1
+               Filter: (fivethous = (tenthous + 1))
+(7 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT settings;
+-- can't use multiple subqueries under a single Gather node due to initPlans
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous =
+	(SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous = 1 LIMIT 1)
+UNION ALL
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous =
+	(SELECT unique2 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous = 1 LIMIT 1)
+ORDER BY 1;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: tenk1.unique1
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 4
+               Params Evaluated: $1
+               InitPlan 1 (returns $1)
+                 ->  Limit
+                       ->  Gather
+                             Workers Planned: 4
+                             ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1 tenk1_2
+                                   Filter: (fivethous = 1)
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+                     Filter: (fivethous = $1)
+         ->  Gather
+               Workers Planned: 4
+               Params Evaluated: $3
+               InitPlan 2 (returns $3)
+                 ->  Limit
+                       ->  Gather
+                             Workers Planned: 4
+                             ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1 tenk1_3
+                                   Filter: (fivethous = 1)
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1 tenk1_1
+                     Filter: (fivethous = $3)
+(25 rows)
+
+-- test interaction with SRFs
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_data_wrapper_options
+ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+ foreign_data_wrapper_catalog | foreign_data_wrapper_name | option_name | option_value 
+------------------------------+---------------------------+-------------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT generate_series(1, two), array(select generate_series(1, two))
+  FROM tenk1 ORDER BY tenthous;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ProjectSet
+   Output: generate_series(1, tenk1.two), (SubPlan 1), tenk1.tenthous
+   ->  Gather Merge
+         Output: tenk1.two, tenk1.tenthous
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Result
+               Output: tenk1.two, tenk1.tenthous
+               ->  Sort
+                     Output: tenk1.tenthous, tenk1.two
+                     Sort Key: tenk1.tenthous
+                     ->  Parallel Seq Scan on public.tenk1
+                           Output: tenk1.tenthous, tenk1.two
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  ProjectSet
+           Output: generate_series(1, tenk1.two)
+           ->  Result
+(16 rows)
+
+-- must disallow pushing sort below gather when pathkey contains an SRF
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT unnest(ARRAY[]::integer[]) + 1 AS pathkey
+  FROM tenk1 t1 JOIN tenk1 t2 ON TRUE
+  ORDER BY pathkey;
+                                             QUERY PLAN                                              
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Output: (((unnest('{}'::integer[])) + 1))
+   Sort Key: (((unnest('{}'::integer[])) + 1))
+   ->  Result
+         Output: ((unnest('{}'::integer[])) + 1)
+         ->  ProjectSet
+               Output: unnest('{}'::integer[])
+               ->  Nested Loop
+                     ->  Gather
+                           Workers Planned: 4
+                           ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_hundred on public.tenk1 t1
+                     ->  Materialize
+                           ->  Gather
+                                 Workers Planned: 4
+                                 ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_hundred on public.tenk1 t2
+(15 rows)
+
+-- test passing expanded-value representations to workers
+CREATE FUNCTION make_some_array(int,int) returns int[] as
+$$declare x int[];
+  begin
+    x[1] := $1;
+    x[2] := $2;
+    return x;
+  end$$ language plpgsql parallel safe;
+CREATE TABLE fooarr(f1 text, f2 int[], f3 text);
+INSERT INTO fooarr VALUES('1', ARRAY[1,2], 'one');
+PREPARE pstmt(text, int[]) AS SELECT * FROM fooarr WHERE f1 = $1 AND f2 = $2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE pstmt('1', make_some_array(1,2));
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Gather
+   Workers Planned: 3
+   ->  Parallel Seq Scan on fooarr
+         Filter: ((f1 = '1'::text) AND (f2 = '{1,2}'::integer[]))
+(4 rows)
+
+EXECUTE pstmt('1', make_some_array(1,2));
+ f1 |  f2   | f3  
+----+-------+-----
+ 1  | {1,2} | one
+(1 row)
+
+DEALLOCATE pstmt;
+-- test interaction between subquery and partial_paths
+CREATE VIEW tenk1_vw_sec WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM tenk1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT 1 FROM tenk1_vw_sec
+  WHERE (SELECT sum(f1) FROM int4_tbl WHERE f1 < unique1) < 100;
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on tenk1_vw_sec
+   Filter: ((SubPlan 1) < 100)
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Parallel Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Aggregate
+           ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
+                 Filter: (f1 < tenk1_vw_sec.unique1)
+(9 rows)
+
+rollback;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/select_views.out b/src/test/regress/expected/select_views.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1aeed84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/select_views.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1552 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_VIEWS
+-- test the views defined in CREATE_VIEWS
+--
+SELECT * FROM street;
+                name                |                                                                                                                                                                                                                   thepath                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |   cname   
+------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
+ Access Rd 25                       | [(-121.9283,37.894),(-121.9283,37.9)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Ada                           St   | [(-122.2487,37.398),(-122.2496,37.401)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Agua Fria Creek                    | [(-121.9254,37.922),(-121.9281,37.889)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Allen                         Ct   | [(-122.0131,37.602),(-122.0117,37.597)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Alvarado Niles                Road | [(-122.0325,37.903),(-122.0316,37.9)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Berkeley
+ Andrea                        Cir  | [(-121.733218,37.88641),(-121.733286,37.90617)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Oakland
+ Apricot                       Lane | [(-121.9471,37.401),(-121.9456,37.392)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Apricot                       Lane | [(-121.9471,37.401),(-121.9456,37.392)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Arden                         Road | [(-122.0978,37.177),(-122.1,37.177)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | Oakland
+ Arizona                       St   | [(-122.0381,37.901),(-122.0367,37.898)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Arlington                     Dr   | [(-121.8802,37.408),(-121.8807,37.394)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Arlington                     Dr   | [(-121.8802,37.408),(-121.8807,37.394)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Arlington                     Road | [(-121.7957,37.898),(-121.7956,37.906)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Arroyo Las Positas                 | [(-121.7973,37.997),(-121.7957,37.005)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Arroyo Las Positas                 | [(-121.7973,37.997),(-121.7957,37.005)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Arroyo Seco                        | [(-121.7073,37.766),(-121.6997,37.729)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Ash                           St   | [(-122.0408,37.31),(-122.04,37.292)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | Oakland
+ Avenue 134th                       | [(-122.1823,37.002),(-122.1851,37.992)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Avenue 134th                       | [(-122.1823,37.002),(-122.1851,37.992)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Avenue 140th                       | [(-122.1656,37.003),(-122.1691,37.988)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Avenue 140th                       | [(-122.1656,37.003),(-122.1691,37.988)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Avenue D                           | [(-122.298,37.848),(-122.3024,37.849)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ B                             St   | [(-122.1749,37.451),(-122.1743,37.443)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Bancroft                      Ave  | [(-122.15714,37.4242),(-122.156,37.409)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Oakland
+ Bancroft                      Ave  | [(-122.1643,37.523),(-122.1631,37.508),(-122.1621,37.493)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ Birch                         St   | [(-122.1617,37.425),(-122.1614,37.417)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Birch                         St   | [(-122.1673,37.509),(-122.1661,37.492)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Blacow                        Road | [(-122.0179,37.469),(-122.0167,37.465)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Bridgepointe                  Dr   | [(-122.0514,37.305),(-122.0509,37.299)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Broadmore                     Ave  | [(-122.095,37.522),(-122.0936,37.497)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Broadway                           | [(-122.2409,37.586),(-122.2395,37.601)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Buckingham                    Blvd | [(-122.2231,37.59),(-122.2214,37.606)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ Butterfield                   Dr   | [(-122.0838,37.002),(-122.0834,37.987)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Butterfield                   Dr   | [(-122.0838,37.002),(-122.0834,37.987)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Butterfield                   Dr   | [(-122.0838,37.002),(-122.0834,37.987)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ C                             St   | [(-122.1768,37.46),(-122.1749,37.435)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Calaveras Creek                    | [(-121.8203,37.035),(-121.8207,37.931)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Calaveras Creek                    | [(-121.8203,37.035),(-121.8207,37.931)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ California                    St   | [(-122.2032,37.005),(-122.2016,37.996)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ California                    St   | [(-122.2032,37.005),(-122.2016,37.996)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Cameron                       Ave  | [(-122.1316,37.502),(-122.1327,37.481)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Campus                        Dr   | [(-122.1704,37.905),(-122.1678,37.868),(-122.1671,37.865)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Berkeley
+ Capricorn                     Ave  | [(-122.2176,37.404),(-122.2164,37.384)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Carson                        St   | [(-122.1846,37.9),(-122.1843,37.901)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Berkeley
+ Cedar                         Blvd | [(-122.0282,37.446),(-122.0265,37.43)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Cedar                         St   | [(-122.3011,37.737),(-122.2999,37.739)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Celia                         St   | [(-122.0611,37.3),(-122.0616,37.299)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Central                       Ave  | [(-122.2343,37.602),(-122.2331,37.595)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Chambers                      Dr   | [(-122.2004,37.352),(-122.1972,37.368)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Chambers                      Lane | [(-122.2001,37.359),(-122.1975,37.371)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Champion                      St   | [(-122.214,37.991),(-122.2147,37.002)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ Champion                      St   | [(-122.214,37.991),(-122.2147,37.002)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Lafayette
+ Chapman                       Dr   | [(-122.0421,37.504),(-122.0414,37.498)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Charles                       St   | [(-122.0255,37.505),(-122.0252,37.499)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Cherry                        St   | [(-122.0437,37.42),(-122.0434,37.413)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Claremont                     Pl   | [(-122.0542,37.995),(-122.0542,37.008)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Claremont                     Pl   | [(-122.0542,37.995),(-122.0542,37.008)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Claremont                     Pl   | [(-122.0542,37.995),(-122.0542,37.008)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Coliseum                      Way  | [(-122.2001,37.47),(-122.1978,37.516)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Coliseum                      Way  | [(-122.2113,37.626),(-122.2085,37.592),(-122.2063,37.568)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Berkeley
+ Coolidge                      Ave  | [(-122.2007,37.058),(-122.1992,37.06)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Lafayette
+ Cornell                       Ave  | [(-122.2956,37.925),(-122.2949,37.906),(-122.2939,37.875)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Berkeley
+ Corriea                       Way  | [(-121.9501,37.402),(-121.9505,37.398)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Corriea                       Way  | [(-121.9501,37.402),(-121.9505,37.398)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Cowing                        Road | [(-122.0002,37.934),(-121.9772,37.782)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Creston                       Road | [(-122.2639,37.002),(-122.2613,37.986),(-122.2602,37.978),(-122.2598,37.973)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Berkeley
+ Creston                       Road | [(-122.2639,37.002),(-122.2613,37.986),(-122.2602,37.978),(-122.2598,37.973)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Lafayette
+ Crow Canyon Creek                  | [(-122.043,37.905),(-122.0368,37.71)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Berkeley
+ Crystaline                    Dr   | [(-121.925856,37),(-121.925869,37.00527)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Oakland
+ Cull Canyon                   Road | [(-122.0536,37.435),(-122.0499,37.315)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Cull Creek                         | [(-122.0624,37.875),(-122.0582,37.527)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ D                             St   | [(-122.1811,37.505),(-122.1805,37.497)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Decoto                        Road | [(-122.0159,37.006),(-122.016,37.002),(-122.0164,37.993)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Oakland
+ Decoto                        Road | [(-122.0159,37.006),(-122.016,37.002),(-122.0164,37.993)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Oakland
+ Decoto                        Road | [(-122.0159,37.006),(-122.016,37.002),(-122.0164,37.993)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Berkeley
+ Deering                       St   | [(-122.2146,37.904),(-122.2126,37.897)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Dimond                        Ave  | [(-122.2167,37.994),(-122.2162,37.006)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Dimond                        Ave  | [(-122.2167,37.994),(-122.2162,37.006)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Donna                         Way  | [(-122.1333,37.606),(-122.1316,37.599)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Driftwood                     Dr   | [(-122.0109,37.482),(-122.0113,37.477)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Driscoll                      Road | [(-121.9482,37.403),(-121.948451,37.39995)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ Driscoll                      Road | [(-121.9482,37.403),(-121.948451,37.39995)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ E                             St   | [(-122.1832,37.505),(-122.1826,37.498),(-122.182,37.49)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Oakland
+ Eden                          Ave  | [(-122.1143,37.505),(-122.1142,37.491)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Eden Creek                         | [(-122.022037,37.00675),(-122.0221,37.998)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ Eden Creek                         | [(-122.022037,37.00675),(-122.0221,37.998)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ Eden Creek                         | [(-122.022037,37.00675),(-122.0221,37.998)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Berkeley
+ Edgewater                     Dr   | [(-122.201,37.379),(-122.2042,37.41)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Lafayette
+ Enos                          Way  | [(-121.7677,37.896),(-121.7673,37.91)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Euclid                        Ave  | [(-122.2671,37.009),(-122.2666,37.987)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Euclid                        Ave  | [(-122.2671,37.009),(-122.2666,37.987)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Fairview                      Ave  | [(-121.999,37.428),(-121.9863,37.351)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Fairview                      Ave  | [(-121.999,37.428),(-121.9863,37.351)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Foothill                      Blvd | [(-122.2414,37.9),(-122.2403,37.893)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Berkeley
+ Fountain                      St   | [(-122.2306,37.593),(-122.2293,37.605)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Gading                        Road | [(-122.0801,37.343),(-122.08,37.336)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Grizzly Peak                  Blvd | [(-122.2213,37.638),(-122.2127,37.581)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Grove                         Way  | [(-122.0643,37.884),(-122.062679,37.89162),(-122.061796,37.89578),(-122.0609,37.9)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Berkeley
+ Harris                        Road | [(-122.0659,37.372),(-122.0675,37.363)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Heartwood                     Dr   | [(-122.2006,37.341),(-122.1992,37.338)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Hegenberger                   Exwy | [(-122.1946,37.52),(-122.1947,37.497)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Herrier                       St   | [(-122.1943,37.006),(-122.1936,37.998)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Herrier                       St   | [(-122.1943,37.006),(-122.1936,37.998)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Hesperian                     Blvd | [(-122.097,37.333),(-122.0956,37.31),(-122.0946,37.293)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Oakland
+ Hesperian                     Blvd | [(-122.097,37.333),(-122.0956,37.31),(-122.0946,37.293)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Oakland
+ Hesperian                     Blvd | [(-122.1132,37.6),(-122.1123,37.586)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Berkeley
+ Hollis                        St   | [(-122.2885,37.397),(-122.289,37.414)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Lafayette
+ I- 580                             | [(-121.727,37.074),(-121.7229,37.093),(-121.722301,37.09522),(-121.721001,37.10005),(-121.7194,37.106),(-121.7188,37.109),(-121.7168,37.12),(-121.7163,37.123),(-121.7145,37.127),(-121.7096,37.148),(-121.707731,37.1568),(-121.7058,37.166),(-121.7055,37.168),(-121.7044,37.174),(-121.7038,37.172),(-121.7037,37.172),(-121.7027,37.175),(-121.7001,37.181),(-121.6957,37.191),(-121.6948,37.192),(-121.6897,37.204),(-121.6697,37.185)] | Oakland
+ I- 580                             | [(-121.9322,37.989),(-121.9243,37.006),(-121.9217,37.014)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ I- 580                             | [(-121.9322,37.989),(-121.9243,37.006),(-121.9217,37.014)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ I- 580                             | [(-122.018,37.019),(-122.0009,37.032),(-121.9787,37.983),(-121.958,37.984),(-121.9571,37.986)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Oakland
+ I- 580                             | [(-122.018,37.019),(-122.0009,37.032),(-121.9787,37.983),(-121.958,37.984),(-121.9571,37.986)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Oakland
+ I- 580                             | [(-122.1108,37.023),(-122.1101,37.02),(-122.108103,37.00764),(-122.108,37.007),(-122.1069,37.998),(-122.1064,37.994),(-122.1053,37.982),(-122.1048,37.977),(-122.1032,37.958),(-122.1026,37.953),(-122.1013,37.938),(-122.0989,37.911),(-122.0984,37.91),(-122.098,37.908)]                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ I- 580                             | [(-122.1108,37.023),(-122.1101,37.02),(-122.108103,37.00764),(-122.108,37.007),(-122.1069,37.998),(-122.1064,37.994),(-122.1053,37.982),(-122.1048,37.977),(-122.1032,37.958),(-122.1026,37.953),(-122.1013,37.938),(-122.0989,37.911),(-122.0984,37.91),(-122.098,37.908)]                                                                                                                                                                  | Berkeley
+ I- 580                             | [(-122.1543,37.703),(-122.1535,37.694),(-122.1512,37.655),(-122.1475,37.603),(-122.1468,37.583),(-122.1472,37.569),(-122.149044,37.54874),(-122.1493,37.546),(-122.1501,37.532),(-122.1506,37.509),(-122.1495,37.482),(-122.1487,37.467),(-122.1477,37.447),(-122.1414,37.383),(-122.1404,37.376),(-122.1398,37.372),(-122.139,37.356),(-122.1388,37.353),(-122.1385,37.34),(-122.1382,37.33),(-122.1378,37.316)]                            | Oakland
+ I- 580                             | [(-122.1543,37.703),(-122.1535,37.694),(-122.1512,37.655),(-122.1475,37.603),(-122.1468,37.583),(-122.1472,37.569),(-122.149044,37.54874),(-122.1493,37.546),(-122.1501,37.532),(-122.1506,37.509),(-122.1495,37.482),(-122.1487,37.467),(-122.1477,37.447),(-122.1414,37.383),(-122.1404,37.376),(-122.1398,37.372),(-122.139,37.356),(-122.1388,37.353),(-122.1385,37.34),(-122.1382,37.33),(-122.1378,37.316)]                            | Berkeley
+ I- 580                             | [(-122.2197,37.99),(-122.22,37.99),(-122.222092,37.99523),(-122.2232,37.998),(-122.224146,37.99963),(-122.2261,37.003),(-122.2278,37.007),(-122.2302,37.026),(-122.2323,37.043),(-122.2344,37.059),(-122.235405,37.06427),(-122.2365,37.07)]                                                                                                                                                                                                 | Berkeley
+ I- 580                             | [(-122.2197,37.99),(-122.22,37.99),(-122.222092,37.99523),(-122.2232,37.998),(-122.224146,37.99963),(-122.2261,37.003),(-122.2278,37.007),(-122.2302,37.026),(-122.2323,37.043),(-122.2344,37.059),(-122.235405,37.06427),(-122.2365,37.07)]                                                                                                                                                                                                 | Lafayette
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-121.8521,37.011),(-121.8479,37.999),(-121.8476,37.999),(-121.8456,37.01),(-121.8455,37.011)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Oakland
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-121.8521,37.011),(-121.8479,37.999),(-121.8476,37.999),(-121.8456,37.01),(-121.8455,37.011)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Oakland
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-121.8743,37.014),(-121.8722,37.999),(-121.8714,37.999)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-121.8743,37.014),(-121.8722,37.999),(-121.8714,37.999)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-121.9043,37.998),(-121.9036,37.013),(-121.902632,37.0174),(-121.9025,37.018)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | Oakland
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-121.9043,37.998),(-121.9036,37.013),(-121.902632,37.0174),(-121.9025,37.018)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | Oakland
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-121.9368,37.986),(-121.936483,37.98832),(-121.9353,37.997),(-121.93504,37.00035),(-121.9346,37.006),(-121.933764,37.00031),(-121.9333,37.997),(-121.9322,37.989)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | Oakland
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-121.9368,37.986),(-121.936483,37.98832),(-121.9353,37.997),(-121.93504,37.00035),(-121.9346,37.006),(-121.933764,37.00031),(-121.9333,37.997),(-121.9322,37.989)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | Oakland
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-122.093241,37.90351),(-122.09364,37.89634),(-122.093788,37.89212)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Berkeley
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-122.0934,37.896),(-122.09257,37.89961),(-122.0911,37.906)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Berkeley
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-122.0941,37.897),(-122.0943,37.902)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-122.096,37.888),(-122.0962,37.891),(-122.0964,37.9)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-122.101,37.898),(-122.1005,37.902),(-122.0989,37.911)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Berkeley
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-122.1086,37.003),(-122.1068,37.993),(-122.1066,37.992),(-122.1053,37.982)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Oakland
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-122.1086,37.003),(-122.1068,37.993),(-122.1066,37.992),(-122.1053,37.982)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Berkeley
+ I- 580                        Ramp | [(-122.1414,37.383),(-122.1407,37.376),(-122.1403,37.372),(-122.139,37.356)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | Oakland
+ I- 580/I-680                  Ramp | ((-121.9207,37.988),(-121.9192,37.016))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ I- 580/I-680                  Ramp | ((-121.9207,37.988),(-121.9192,37.016))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ I- 680                             | ((-121.939,37.15),(-121.9387,37.145),(-121.9373,37.125),(-121.934242,37.07643),(-121.933886,37.0709),(-121.9337,37.068),(-121.933122,37.06139),(-121.932736,37.05698),(-121.93222,37.05108),(-121.931844,37.04678),(-121.930113,37.027),(-121.926829,37),(-121.9265,37.998),(-121.9217,37.96),(-121.9203,37.949),(-121.9184,37.934))                                                                                                         | Oakland
+ I- 680                             | ((-121.939,37.15),(-121.9387,37.145),(-121.9373,37.125),(-121.934242,37.07643),(-121.933886,37.0709),(-121.9337,37.068),(-121.933122,37.06139),(-121.932736,37.05698),(-121.93222,37.05108),(-121.931844,37.04678),(-121.930113,37.027),(-121.926829,37),(-121.9265,37.998),(-121.9217,37.96),(-121.9203,37.949),(-121.9184,37.934))                                                                                                         | Oakland
+ I- 680                             | [(-121.9101,37.715),(-121.911269,37.74682),(-121.9119,37.764),(-121.9124,37.776),(-121.9174,37.905),(-121.9194,37.957),(-121.9207,37.988)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ I- 680                             | [(-121.9184,37.934),(-121.917,37.913),(-121.9122,37.83),(-121.9052,37.702)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ I- 680                        Ramp | [(-121.8833,37.376),(-121.8833,37.392),(-121.883,37.4),(-121.8835,37.402),(-121.8852,37.422)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Oakland
+ I- 680                        Ramp | [(-121.8833,37.376),(-121.8833,37.392),(-121.883,37.4),(-121.8835,37.402),(-121.8852,37.422)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Oakland
+ I- 680                        Ramp | [(-121.92,37.438),(-121.9218,37.424),(-121.9238,37.408),(-121.9252,37.392)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ I- 680                        Ramp | [(-121.92,37.438),(-121.9218,37.424),(-121.9238,37.408),(-121.9252,37.392)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ I- 680                        Ramp | [(-121.9238,37.402),(-121.9234,37.395),(-121.923,37.399)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Oakland
+ I- 680                        Ramp | [(-121.9238,37.402),(-121.9234,37.395),(-121.923,37.399)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Oakland
+ I- 80                              | ((-122.2937,37.277),(-122.3016,37.262))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ I- 80                              | ((-122.2962,37.273),(-122.3004,37.264))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ I- 80                         Ramp | [(-122.2962,37.413),(-122.2959,37.382),(-122.2951,37.372)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Lafayette
+ I- 880                             | ((-121.9669,37.075),(-121.9663,37.071),(-121.9656,37.065),(-121.9618,37.037),(-121.95689,37),(-121.948,37.933))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Oakland
+ I- 880                             | ((-121.9669,37.075),(-121.9663,37.071),(-121.9656,37.065),(-121.9618,37.037),(-121.95689,37),(-121.948,37.933))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Oakland
+ I- 880                             | [(-121.948,37.933),(-121.9471,37.925),(-121.9467,37.923),(-121.946,37.918),(-121.9452,37.912),(-121.937,37.852)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | Oakland
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.0219,37.466),(-122.0205,37.447),(-122.020331,37.44447),(-122.020008,37.43962),(-122.0195,37.432),(-122.0193,37.429),(-122.0164,37.393),(-122.010219,37.34771),(-122.0041,37.313)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Oakland
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.0375,37.632),(-122.0359,37.619),(-122.0358,37.616),(-122.034514,37.60409),(-122.031876,37.57965),(-122.031193,37.57332),(-122.03016,37.56375),(-122.02943,37.55698),(-122.028689,37.54929),(-122.027833,37.53908),(-122.025979,37.51698),(-122.0238,37.491)]                                                                                                                                                                          | Oakland
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.0375,37.632),(-122.0359,37.619),(-122.0358,37.616),(-122.034514,37.60409),(-122.031876,37.57965),(-122.031193,37.57332),(-122.03016,37.56375),(-122.02943,37.55698),(-122.028689,37.54929),(-122.027833,37.53908),(-122.025979,37.51698),(-122.0238,37.491)]                                                                                                                                                                          | Berkeley
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.0612,37.003),(-122.0604,37.991),(-122.0596,37.982),(-122.0585,37.967),(-122.0583,37.961),(-122.0553,37.918),(-122.053635,37.89475),(-122.050759,37.8546),(-122.05,37.844),(-122.0485,37.817),(-122.0483,37.813),(-122.0482,37.811)]                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.0612,37.003),(-122.0604,37.991),(-122.0596,37.982),(-122.0585,37.967),(-122.0583,37.961),(-122.0553,37.918),(-122.053635,37.89475),(-122.050759,37.8546),(-122.05,37.844),(-122.0485,37.817),(-122.0483,37.813),(-122.0482,37.811)]                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.0612,37.003),(-122.0604,37.991),(-122.0596,37.982),(-122.0585,37.967),(-122.0583,37.961),(-122.0553,37.918),(-122.053635,37.89475),(-122.050759,37.8546),(-122.05,37.844),(-122.0485,37.817),(-122.0483,37.813),(-122.0482,37.811)]                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Berkeley
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.0831,37.312),(-122.0819,37.296),(-122.081,37.285),(-122.0786,37.248),(-122.078,37.24),(-122.077642,37.23496),(-122.076983,37.22567),(-122.076599,37.22026),(-122.076229,37.21505),(-122.0758,37.209)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | Oakland
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.0978,37.528),(-122.096,37.496),(-122.0931,37.453),(-122.09277,37.4496),(-122.090189,37.41442),(-122.0896,37.405),(-122.085,37.34)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Oakland
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.1365,37.902),(-122.1358,37.898),(-122.1333,37.881),(-122.1323,37.874),(-122.1311,37.866),(-122.1308,37.865),(-122.1307,37.864),(-122.1289,37.851),(-122.1277,37.843),(-122.1264,37.834),(-122.1231,37.812),(-122.1165,37.766),(-122.1104,37.72),(-122.109695,37.71094),(-122.109,37.702),(-122.108312,37.69168),(-122.1076,37.681)]                                                                                                   | Berkeley
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.1755,37.185),(-122.1747,37.178),(-122.1742,37.173),(-122.1692,37.126),(-122.167792,37.11594),(-122.16757,37.11435),(-122.1671,37.111),(-122.1655,37.1),(-122.165169,37.09811),(-122.1641,37.092),(-122.1596,37.061),(-122.158381,37.05275),(-122.155991,37.03657),(-122.1531,37.017),(-122.1478,37.98),(-122.1407,37.932),(-122.1394,37.924),(-122.1389,37.92),(-122.1376,37.91)]                                                     | Oakland
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.1755,37.185),(-122.1747,37.178),(-122.1742,37.173),(-122.1692,37.126),(-122.167792,37.11594),(-122.16757,37.11435),(-122.1671,37.111),(-122.1655,37.1),(-122.165169,37.09811),(-122.1641,37.092),(-122.1596,37.061),(-122.158381,37.05275),(-122.155991,37.03657),(-122.1531,37.017),(-122.1478,37.98),(-122.1407,37.932),(-122.1394,37.924),(-122.1389,37.92),(-122.1376,37.91)]                                                     | Berkeley
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.2214,37.711),(-122.2202,37.699),(-122.2199,37.695),(-122.219,37.682),(-122.2184,37.672),(-122.2173,37.652),(-122.2159,37.638),(-122.2144,37.616),(-122.2138,37.612),(-122.2135,37.609),(-122.212,37.592),(-122.2116,37.586),(-122.2111,37.581)]                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ I- 880                             | [(-122.2707,37.975),(-122.2693,37.972),(-122.2681,37.966),(-122.267,37.962),(-122.2659,37.957),(-122.2648,37.952),(-122.2636,37.946),(-122.2625,37.935),(-122.2617,37.927),(-122.2607,37.921),(-122.2593,37.916),(-122.258,37.911),(-122.2536,37.898),(-122.2432,37.858),(-122.2408,37.845),(-122.2386,37.827),(-122.2374,37.811)]                                                                                                           | Berkeley
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.0019,37.301),(-122.002,37.293)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.0041,37.313),(-122.0018,37.315),(-122.0007,37.315),(-122.0005,37.313),(-122.0002,37.308),(-121.9995,37.289)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.0041,37.313),(-122.0038,37.308),(-122.0039,37.284),(-122.0013,37.287),(-121.9995,37.289)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.0236,37.488),(-122.0231,37.458),(-122.0227,37.458),(-122.0223,37.452),(-122.0205,37.447)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.0238,37.491),(-122.0215,37.483),(-122.0211,37.477),(-122.0205,37.447)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.059,37.982),(-122.0577,37.984),(-122.0612,37.003)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.059,37.982),(-122.0577,37.984),(-122.0612,37.003)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.059,37.982),(-122.0577,37.984),(-122.0612,37.003)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Berkeley
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.0618,37.011),(-122.0631,37.982),(-122.0585,37.967)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.0618,37.011),(-122.0631,37.982),(-122.0585,37.967)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.0618,37.011),(-122.0631,37.982),(-122.0585,37.967)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Berkeley
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.085,37.34),(-122.0801,37.316),(-122.081,37.285)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.085,37.34),(-122.0801,37.316),(-122.081,37.285)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.085,37.34),(-122.0866,37.316),(-122.0819,37.296)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.085,37.34),(-122.0866,37.316),(-122.0819,37.296)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Oakland
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.1029,37.61),(-122.1013,37.587),(-122.0999,37.569)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Berkeley
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.1379,37.891),(-122.1383,37.897),(-122.1377,37.902)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Berkeley
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.1379,37.931),(-122.137597,37.92736),(-122.1374,37.925),(-122.1373,37.924),(-122.1369,37.914),(-122.1358,37.905),(-122.1365,37.908),(-122.1358,37.898)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Berkeley
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.2536,37.898),(-122.254,37.902)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ I- 880                        Ramp | [(-122.2771,37.002),(-122.278,37)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | Lafayette
+ Indian                        Way  | [(-122.2066,37.398),(-122.2045,37.411)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Jackson                       St   | [(-122.0845,37.6),(-122.0842,37.606)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Berkeley
+ Johnson                       Dr   | [(-121.9145,37.901),(-121.915,37.877)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Joyce                         St   | [(-122.0792,37.604),(-122.0774,37.581)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Juniper                       St   | [(-121.7823,37.897),(-121.7815,37.9)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Kaiser                        Dr   | [(-122.067163,37.47821),(-122.060402,37.51961)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Oakland
+ Keeler                        Ave  | [(-122.2578,37.906),(-122.2579,37.899)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Kildare                       Road | [(-122.0968,37.016),(-122.0959,37)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Oakland
+ La Playa                      Dr   | [(-122.1039,37.545),(-122.101,37.493)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Laguna                        Ave  | [(-122.2099,37.989),(-122.2089,37)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Berkeley
+ Laguna                        Ave  | [(-122.2099,37.989),(-122.2089,37)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Lafayette
+ Lakehurst                     Cir  | [(-122.284729,37.89025),(-122.286096,37.90364)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Berkeley
+ Lakeshore                     Ave  | [(-122.2586,37.99),(-122.2556,37.006)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ Lakeshore                     Ave  | [(-122.2586,37.99),(-122.2556,37.006)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Lafayette
+ Las Positas                   Road | [(-121.764488,37.99199),(-121.75569,37.02022)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Oakland
+ Las Positas                   Road | [(-121.764488,37.99199),(-121.75569,37.02022)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Oakland
+ Linden                        St   | [(-122.2867,37.998),(-122.2864,37.008)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Linden                        St   | [(-122.2867,37.998),(-122.2864,37.008)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Livermore                     Ave  | [(-121.7687,37.448),(-121.769,37.375)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Livermore                     Ave  | [(-121.7687,37.448),(-121.769,37.375)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Livermore                     Ave  | [(-121.772719,37.99085),(-121.7728,37.001)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ Livermore                     Ave  | [(-121.772719,37.99085),(-121.7728,37.001)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ Locust                        St   | [(-122.1606,37.007),(-122.1593,37.987)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Locust                        St   | [(-122.1606,37.007),(-122.1593,37.987)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Logan                         Ct   | [(-122.0053,37.492),(-122.0061,37.484)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Magnolia                      St   | [(-122.0971,37.5),(-122.0962,37.484)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Mandalay                      Road | [(-122.2322,37.397),(-122.2321,37.403)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Marin                         Ave  | [(-122.2741,37.894),(-122.272,37.901)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ Martin Luther King Jr         Way  | [(-122.2712,37.608),(-122.2711,37.599)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Mattos                        Dr   | [(-122.0005,37.502),(-122.000898,37.49683)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ Maubert                       Ave  | [(-122.1114,37.009),(-122.1096,37.995)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Maubert                       Ave  | [(-122.1114,37.009),(-122.1096,37.995)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ McClure                       Ave  | [(-122.1431,37.001),(-122.1436,37.998)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ McClure                       Ave  | [(-122.1431,37.001),(-122.1436,37.998)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Medlar                        Dr   | [(-122.0627,37.378),(-122.0625,37.375)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Mildred                       Ct   | [(-122.0002,37.388),(-121.9998,37.386)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Miller                        Road | [(-122.0902,37.645),(-122.0865,37.545)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Miramar                       Ave  | [(-122.1009,37.025),(-122.099089,37.03209)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ Mission                       Blvd | [(-121.918886,37),(-121.9194,37.976),(-121.9198,37.975)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Oakland
+ Mission                       Blvd | [(-121.918886,37),(-121.9194,37.976),(-121.9198,37.975)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Oakland
+ Mission                       Blvd | [(-122.0006,37.896),(-121.9989,37.88)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Mission                       Blvd | [(-122.0006,37.896),(-121.9989,37.88)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ Moores                        Ave  | [(-122.0087,37.301),(-122.0094,37.292)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ National                      Ave  | [(-122.1192,37.5),(-122.1281,37.489)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Navajo                        Ct   | [(-121.8779,37.901),(-121.8783,37.9)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Newark                        Blvd | [(-122.0352,37.438),(-122.0341,37.423)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Oakland Inner Harbor               | [(-122.2625,37.913),(-122.260016,37.89484)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Berkeley
+ Oakridge                      Road | [(-121.8316,37.049),(-121.828382,37)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Oneil                         Ave  | [(-122.076754,37.62476),(-122.0745,37.595)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Berkeley
+ Parkridge                     Dr   | [(-122.1438,37.884),(-122.1428,37.9)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Berkeley
+ Parkside                      Dr   | [(-122.0475,37.603),(-122.0443,37.596)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Paseo Padre                   Pkwy | [(-121.9143,37.005),(-121.913522,37)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Paseo Padre                   Pkwy | [(-122.0021,37.639),(-121.996,37.628)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Paseo Padre                   Pkwy | [(-122.0021,37.639),(-121.996,37.628)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ Pearl                         St   | [(-122.2383,37.594),(-122.2366,37.615)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Periwinkle                    Road | [(-122.0451,37.301),(-122.044758,37.29844)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Oakland
+ Pimlico                       Dr   | [(-121.8616,37.998),(-121.8618,37.008)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Pimlico                       Dr   | [(-121.8616,37.998),(-121.8618,37.008)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Portsmouth                    Ave  | [(-122.1064,37.315),(-122.1064,37.308)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Proctor                       Ave  | [(-122.2267,37.406),(-122.2251,37.386)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Railroad                      Ave  | [(-122.0245,37.013),(-122.0234,37.003),(-122.0223,37.993)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ Railroad                      Ave  | [(-122.0245,37.013),(-122.0234,37.003),(-122.0223,37.993)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ Railroad                      Ave  | [(-122.0245,37.013),(-122.0234,37.003),(-122.0223,37.993)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Berkeley
+ Ranspot                       Dr   | [(-122.0972,37.999),(-122.0959,37)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Oakland
+ Ranspot                       Dr   | [(-122.0972,37.999),(-122.0959,37)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Oakland
+ Ranspot                       Dr   | [(-122.0972,37.999),(-122.0959,37)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Berkeley
+ Redding                       St   | [(-122.1978,37.901),(-122.1975,37.895)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Redwood                       Road | [(-122.1493,37.98),(-122.1437,37.001)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Redwood                       Road | [(-122.1493,37.98),(-122.1437,37.001)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ Roca                          Dr   | [(-122.0335,37.609),(-122.0314,37.599)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Rosedale                      Ct   | [(-121.9232,37.9),(-121.924,37.897)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | Oakland
+ Sacramento                    St   | [(-122.2799,37.606),(-122.2797,37.597)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Saddle Brook                  Dr   | [(-122.1478,37.909),(-122.1454,37.904),(-122.1451,37.888)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Berkeley
+ Saginaw                       Ct   | [(-121.8803,37.898),(-121.8806,37.901)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ San Andreas                   Dr   | [(-122.0609,37.9),(-122.0614,37.895)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Berkeley
+ Santa Maria                   Ave  | [(-122.0773,37),(-122.0773,37.98)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | Oakland
+ Santa Maria                   Ave  | [(-122.0773,37),(-122.0773,37.98)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | Oakland
+ Santa Maria                   Ave  | [(-122.0773,37),(-122.0773,37.98)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | Berkeley
+ Shattuck                      Ave  | [(-122.2686,37.904),(-122.2686,37.897)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Sheridan                      Road | [(-122.2279,37.425),(-122.2253,37.411),(-122.2223,37.377)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Lafayette
+ Shoreline                     Dr   | [(-122.2657,37.603),(-122.2648,37.6)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Berkeley
+ Skyline                       Blvd | [(-122.1738,37.01),(-122.1714,37.996)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Skyline                       Blvd | [(-122.1738,37.01),(-122.1714,37.996)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ Skyline                       Dr   | [(-122.0277,37.5),(-122.0284,37.498)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Skywest                       Dr   | [(-122.1161,37.62),(-122.1123,37.586)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ Southern Pacific Railroad          | [(-122.3002,37.674),(-122.2999,37.661)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Sp Railroad                        | [(-121.893564,37.99009),(-121.897,37.016)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ Sp Railroad                        | [(-121.893564,37.99009),(-121.897,37.016)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ Sp Railroad                        | [(-121.9565,37.898),(-121.9562,37.9)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Sp Railroad                        | [(-122.0734,37.001),(-122.0734,37.997)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Sp Railroad                        | [(-122.0734,37.001),(-122.0734,37.997)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Sp Railroad                        | [(-122.0734,37.001),(-122.0734,37.997)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Sp Railroad                        | [(-122.0914,37.601),(-122.087,37.56),(-122.086408,37.5551)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Berkeley
+ Sp Railroad                        | [(-122.137792,37.003),(-122.1365,37.992),(-122.131257,37.94612)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | Oakland
+ Sp Railroad                        | [(-122.137792,37.003),(-122.1365,37.992),(-122.131257,37.94612)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | Berkeley
+ Sp Railroad                        | [(-122.1947,37.497),(-122.193328,37.4848)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ Stanton                       Ave  | [(-122.100392,37.0697),(-122.099513,37.06052)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Oakland
+ State Hwy 123                      | [(-122.3004,37.986),(-122.2998,37.969),(-122.2995,37.962),(-122.2992,37.952),(-122.299,37.942),(-122.2987,37.935),(-122.2984,37.924),(-122.2982,37.92),(-122.2976,37.904),(-122.297,37.88),(-122.2966,37.869),(-122.2959,37.848),(-122.2961,37.843)]                                                                                                                                                                                         | Berkeley
+ State Hwy 13                       | [(-122.1797,37.943),(-122.179871,37.91849),(-122.18,37.9),(-122.179023,37.86615),(-122.1787,37.862),(-122.1781,37.851),(-122.1777,37.845),(-122.1773,37.839),(-122.177,37.833)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Berkeley
+ State Hwy 13                       | [(-122.2049,37.2),(-122.20328,37.17975),(-122.1989,37.125),(-122.198078,37.11641),(-122.1975,37.11)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | Lafayette
+ State Hwy 13                  Ramp | [(-122.2244,37.427),(-122.223,37.414),(-122.2214,37.396),(-122.2213,37.388)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | Lafayette
+ State Hwy 238                      | ((-122.098,37.908),(-122.0983,37.907),(-122.099,37.905),(-122.101,37.898),(-122.101535,37.89711),(-122.103173,37.89438),(-122.1046,37.892),(-122.106,37.89))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | Berkeley
+ State Hwy 238                 Ramp | [(-122.1288,37.9),(-122.1293,37.895),(-122.1296,37.906)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Berkeley
+ State Hwy 24                       | [(-122.2674,37.246),(-122.2673,37.248),(-122.267,37.261),(-122.2668,37.271),(-122.2663,37.298),(-122.2659,37.315),(-122.2655,37.336),(-122.265007,37.35882),(-122.264443,37.37286),(-122.2641,37.381),(-122.2638,37.388),(-122.2631,37.396),(-122.2617,37.405),(-122.2615,37.407),(-122.2605,37.412)]                                                                                                                                        | Lafayette
+ State Hwy 84                       | [(-121.9565,37.898),(-121.956589,37.89911),(-121.9569,37.903),(-121.956,37.91),(-121.9553,37.919)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | Oakland
+ State Hwy 84                       | [(-122.0671,37.426),(-122.07,37.402),(-122.074,37.37),(-122.0773,37.338)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Oakland
+ State Hwy 92                       | [(-122.1085,37.326),(-122.1095,37.322),(-122.1111,37.316),(-122.1119,37.313),(-122.1125,37.311),(-122.1131,37.308),(-122.1167,37.292),(-122.1187,37.285),(-122.12,37.28)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Oakland
+ State Hwy 92                  Ramp | [(-122.1086,37.321),(-122.1089,37.315),(-122.1111,37.316)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ Stuart                        St   | [(-122.2518,37.6),(-122.2507,37.601),(-122.2491,37.606)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Berkeley
+ Sunol Ridge                   Trl  | [(-121.9419,37.455),(-121.9345,37.38)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Sunol Ridge                   Trl  | [(-121.9419,37.455),(-121.9345,37.38)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Tassajara Creek                    | [(-121.87866,37.98898),(-121.8782,37.015)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ Tassajara Creek                    | [(-121.87866,37.98898),(-121.8782,37.015)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ Taurus                        Ave  | [(-122.2159,37.416),(-122.2128,37.389)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Lafayette
+ Tennyson                      Road | [(-122.0891,37.317),(-122.0927,37.317)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Thackeray                     Ave  | [(-122.072,37.305),(-122.0715,37.298)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Theresa                       Way  | [(-121.7289,37.906),(-121.728,37.899)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ Tissiack                      Way  | [(-121.920364,37),(-121.9208,37.995)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Tissiack                      Way  | [(-121.920364,37),(-121.9208,37.995)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Oakland
+ Tupelo                        Ter  | [(-122.059087,37.6113),(-122.057021,37.59942)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Berkeley
+ Vallecitos                    Road | [(-121.8699,37.916),(-121.8703,37.891)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Warm Springs                  Blvd | [(-121.933956,37),(-121.9343,37.97)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | Oakland
+ Warm Springs                  Blvd | [(-121.933956,37),(-121.9343,37.97)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | Oakland
+ Welch Creek                   Road | [(-121.7695,37.386),(-121.7737,37.413)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Welch Creek                   Road | [(-121.7695,37.386),(-121.7737,37.413)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ West Loop                     Road | [(-122.0576,37.604),(-122.0602,37.586)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Western Pacific Railroad Spur      | [(-122.0394,37.018),(-122.0394,37.961)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Western Pacific Railroad Spur      | [(-122.0394,37.018),(-122.0394,37.961)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Western Pacific Railroad Spur      | [(-122.0394,37.018),(-122.0394,37.961)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ Whitlock Creek                     | [(-121.74683,37.91276),(-121.733107,37)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Oakland
+ Whitlock Creek                     | [(-121.74683,37.91276),(-121.733107,37)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Oakland
+ Willimet                      Way  | [(-122.0964,37.517),(-122.0949,37.493)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ Wisconsin                     St   | [(-122.1994,37.017),(-122.1975,37.998),(-122.1971,37.994)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Oakland
+ Wisconsin                     St   | [(-122.1994,37.017),(-122.1975,37.998),(-122.1971,37.994)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Berkeley
+ Wp Railroad                        | [(-122.254,37.902),(-122.2506,37.891)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ 100th                         Ave  | [(-122.1657,37.429),(-122.1647,37.432)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ 107th                         Ave  | [(-122.1555,37.403),(-122.1531,37.41)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ 14th                          St   | [(-122.299,37.147),(-122.3,37.148)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Lafayette
+ 19th                          Ave  | [(-122.2366,37.897),(-122.2359,37.905)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ 1st                           St   | [(-121.75508,37.89294),(-121.753581,37.90031)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Oakland
+ 5th                           St   | [(-122.278,37),(-122.2792,37.005),(-122.2803,37.009)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Lafayette
+ 5th                           St   | [(-122.296,37.615),(-122.2953,37.598)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Berkeley
+ 82nd                          Ave  | [(-122.1695,37.596),(-122.1681,37.603)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Berkeley
+ 85th                          Ave  | [(-122.1877,37.466),(-122.186,37.476)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Oakland
+ 89th                          Ave  | [(-122.1822,37.459),(-122.1803,37.471)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ 98th                          Ave  | [(-122.1568,37.498),(-122.1558,37.502)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ 98th                          Ave  | [(-122.1693,37.438),(-122.1682,37.444)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Oakland
+ 98th                          Ave  | [(-122.2001,37.258),(-122.1974,37.27)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Lafayette
+(333 rows)
+
+SELECT name, #thepath FROM iexit ORDER BY name COLLATE "C", 2;
+                name                | ?column? 
+------------------------------------+----------
+ I- 580                             |        2
+ I- 580                             |        2
+ I- 580                             |        2
+ I- 580                             |        2
+ I- 580                             |        2
+ I- 580                             |        2
+ I- 580                             |        2
+ I- 580                             |        2
+ I- 580                             |        2
+ I- 580                             |        2
+ I- 580                             |        2
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        3
+ I- 580                             |        4
+ I- 580                             |        4
+ I- 580                             |        4
+ I- 580                             |        4
+ I- 580                             |        5
+ I- 580                             |        5
+ I- 580                             |        5
+ I- 580                             |        5
+ I- 580                             |        5
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        6
+ I- 580                             |        7
+ I- 580                             |        7
+ I- 580                             |        7
+ I- 580                             |        7
+ I- 580                             |        7
+ I- 580                             |        7
+ I- 580                             |        7
+ I- 580                             |        8
+ I- 580                             |        8
+ I- 580                             |        8
+ I- 580                             |        8
+ I- 580                             |        8
+ I- 580                             |        8
+ I- 580                             |        8
+ I- 580                             |        8
+ I- 580                             |        8
+ I- 580                             |        9
+ I- 580                             |        9
+ I- 580                             |        9
+ I- 580                             |        9
+ I- 580                             |        9
+ I- 580                             |       12
+ I- 580                             |       12
+ I- 580                             |       12
+ I- 580                             |       12
+ I- 580                             |       12
+ I- 580                             |       12
+ I- 580                             |       12
+ I- 580                             |       12
+ I- 580                             |       12
+ I- 580                             |       12
+ I- 580                             |       13
+ I- 580                             |       13
+ I- 580                             |       13
+ I- 580                             |       13
+ I- 580                             |       13
+ I- 580                             |       13
+ I- 580                             |       14
+ I- 580                             |       14
+ I- 580                             |       14
+ I- 580                             |       14
+ I- 580                             |       14
+ I- 580                             |       14
+ I- 580                             |       14
+ I- 580                             |       14
+ I- 580                             |       18
+ I- 580                             |       18
+ I- 580                             |       18
+ I- 580                             |       18
+ I- 580                             |       18
+ I- 580                             |       18
+ I- 580                             |       21
+ I- 580                             |       21
+ I- 580                             |       21
+ I- 580                             |       21
+ I- 580                             |       21
+ I- 580                             |       21
+ I- 580                             |       21
+ I- 580                             |       21
+ I- 580                             |       21
+ I- 580                             |       21
+ I- 580                             |       22
+ I- 580                             |       22
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
+ I- 580                        Ramp |        2
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+ I- 880                        Ramp |        4
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        4
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        4
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        5
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        6
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        8
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        8
+ I- 880                        Ramp |        8
+ I- 980                             |        2
+ I- 980                             |        2
+ I- 980                             |        2
+ I- 980                             |        2
+ I- 980                             |        2
+ I- 980                             |        2
+ I- 980                             |        2
+ I- 980                             |        2
+ I- 980                             |        3
+ I- 980                             |        3
+ I- 980                             |        3
+ I- 980                             |        3
+ I- 980                             |        3
+ I- 980                             |        3
+ I- 980                             |        3
+ I- 980                             |        3
+ I- 980                             |        3
+ I- 980                             |        4
+ I- 980                             |        4
+ I- 980                             |        5
+ I- 980                             |        5
+ I- 980                             |        7
+ I- 980                             |        7
+ I- 980                             |        7
+ I- 980                             |        7
+ I- 980                             |       12
+ I- 980                        Ramp |        3
+ I- 980                        Ramp |        3
+ I- 980                        Ramp |        3
+ I- 980                        Ramp |        7
+(896 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM toyemp WHERE name = 'sharon';
+  name  | age | location | annualsal 
+--------+-----+----------+-----------
+ sharon |  25 | (15,12)  |     12000
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test for Leaky view scenario
+--
+CREATE ROLE regress_alice;
+CREATE FUNCTION f_leak (text)
+       RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'plpgsql' COST 0.0000001
+       AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''f_leak => %'', $1; RETURN true; END';
+CREATE TABLE customer (
+       cid      int primary key,
+       name     text not null,
+       tel      text,
+       passwd	text
+);
+CREATE TABLE credit_card (
+       cid      int references customer(cid),
+       cnum     text,
+       climit   int
+);
+CREATE TABLE credit_usage (
+       cid      int references customer(cid),
+       ymd      date,
+       usage    int
+);
+INSERT INTO customer
+       VALUES (101, 'regress_alice', '+81-12-3456-7890', 'passwd123'),
+              (102, 'regress_bob',   '+01-234-567-8901', 'beafsteak'),
+              (103, 'regress_eve',   '+49-8765-43210',   'hamburger');
+INSERT INTO credit_card
+       VALUES (101, '1111-2222-3333-4444', 4000),
+              (102, '5555-6666-7777-8888', 3000),
+              (103, '9801-2345-6789-0123', 2000);
+INSERT INTO credit_usage
+       VALUES (101, '2011-09-15', 120),
+	      (101, '2011-10-05',  90),
+	      (101, '2011-10-18', 110),
+	      (101, '2011-10-21', 200),
+	      (101, '2011-11-10',  80),
+	      (102, '2011-09-22', 300),
+	      (102, '2011-10-12', 120),
+	      (102, '2011-10-28', 200),
+	      (103, '2011-10-15', 480);
+CREATE VIEW my_property_normal AS
+       SELECT * FROM customer WHERE name = current_user;
+CREATE VIEW my_property_secure WITH (security_barrier) AS
+       SELECT * FROM customer WHERE name = current_user;
+CREATE VIEW my_credit_card_normal AS
+       SELECT * FROM customer l NATURAL JOIN credit_card r
+       WHERE l.name = current_user;
+CREATE VIEW my_credit_card_secure WITH (security_barrier) AS
+       SELECT * FROM customer l NATURAL JOIN credit_card r
+       WHERE l.name = current_user;
+CREATE VIEW my_credit_card_usage_normal AS
+       SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_secure l NATURAL JOIN credit_usage r;
+CREATE VIEW my_credit_card_usage_secure WITH (security_barrier) AS
+       SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_secure l NATURAL JOIN credit_usage r;
+GRANT SELECT ON my_property_normal TO public;
+GRANT SELECT ON my_property_secure TO public;
+GRANT SELECT ON my_credit_card_normal TO public;
+GRANT SELECT ON my_credit_card_secure TO public;
+GRANT SELECT ON my_credit_card_usage_normal TO public;
+GRANT SELECT ON my_credit_card_usage_secure TO public;
+--
+-- Run leaky view scenarios
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alice;
+--
+-- scenario: if a qualifier with tiny-cost is given, it shall be launched
+--           prior to the security policy of the view.
+--
+SELECT * FROM my_property_normal WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd123
+NOTICE:  f_leak => beafsteak
+NOTICE:  f_leak => hamburger
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_property_normal WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on customer
+   Filter: (f_leak(passwd) AND (name = CURRENT_USER))
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM my_property_secure WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd123
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_property_secure WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on my_property_secure
+   Filter: f_leak(my_property_secure.passwd)
+   ->  Seq Scan on customer
+         Filter: (name = CURRENT_USER)
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- scenario: qualifiers can be pushed down if they contain leaky functions,
+--           provided they aren't passed data from inside the view.
+--
+SELECT * FROM my_property_normal v
+		WHERE f_leak('passwd') AND f_leak(passwd);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd123
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => beafsteak
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => hamburger
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_property_normal v
+		WHERE f_leak('passwd') AND f_leak(passwd);
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                    
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on customer
+   Filter: (f_leak('passwd'::text) AND f_leak(passwd) AND (name = CURRENT_USER))
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM my_property_secure v
+		WHERE f_leak('passwd') AND f_leak(passwd);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd123
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_property_secure v
+		WHERE f_leak('passwd') AND f_leak(passwd);
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on v
+   Filter: f_leak(v.passwd)
+   ->  Seq Scan on customer
+         Filter: (f_leak('passwd'::text) AND (name = CURRENT_USER))
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- scenario: if a qualifier references only one-side of a particular join-
+--           tree, it shall be distributed to the most deep scan plan as
+--           possible as we can.
+--
+SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_normal WHERE f_leak(cnum);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1111-2222-3333-4444
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 5555-6666-7777-8888
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 9801-2345-6789-0123
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   |        cnum         | climit 
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------+---------------------+--------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123 | 1111-2222-3333-4444 |   4000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_normal WHERE f_leak(cnum);
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (r.cid = l.cid)
+   ->  Seq Scan on credit_card r
+         Filter: f_leak(cnum)
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on customer l
+               Filter: (name = CURRENT_USER)
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_secure WHERE f_leak(cnum);
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1111-2222-3333-4444
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   |        cnum         | climit 
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------+---------------------+--------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123 | 1111-2222-3333-4444 |   4000
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_secure WHERE f_leak(cnum);
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on my_credit_card_secure
+   Filter: f_leak(my_credit_card_secure.cnum)
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (r.cid = l.cid)
+         ->  Seq Scan on credit_card r
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on customer l
+                     Filter: (name = CURRENT_USER)
+(8 rows)
+
+--
+-- scenario: an external qualifier can be pushed-down by in-front-of the
+--           views with "security_barrier" attribute, except for operators
+--           implemented with leakproof functions.
+--
+SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_usage_normal
+       WHERE f_leak(cnum) AND ymd >= '2011-10-01' AND ymd < '2011-11-01';
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1111-2222-3333-4444
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   |        cnum         | climit |    ymd     | usage 
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------+---------------------+--------+------------+-------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123 | 1111-2222-3333-4444 |   4000 | 10-05-2011 |    90
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123 | 1111-2222-3333-4444 |   4000 | 10-18-2011 |   110
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123 | 1111-2222-3333-4444 |   4000 | 10-21-2011 |   200
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_usage_normal
+       WHERE f_leak(cnum) AND ymd >= '2011-10-01' AND ymd < '2011-11-01';
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (l.cid = r.cid)
+   ->  Seq Scan on credit_usage r
+         Filter: ((ymd >= '10-01-2011'::date) AND (ymd < '11-01-2011'::date))
+   ->  Materialize
+         ->  Subquery Scan on l
+               Filter: f_leak(l.cnum)
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (r_1.cid = l_1.cid)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on credit_card r_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on customer l_1
+                                 Filter: (name = CURRENT_USER)
+(13 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_usage_secure
+       WHERE f_leak(cnum) AND ymd >= '2011-10-01' AND ymd < '2011-11-01';
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1111-2222-3333-4444
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1111-2222-3333-4444
+NOTICE:  f_leak => 1111-2222-3333-4444
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   |        cnum         | climit |    ymd     | usage 
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------+---------------------+--------+------------+-------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123 | 1111-2222-3333-4444 |   4000 | 10-05-2011 |    90
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123 | 1111-2222-3333-4444 |   4000 | 10-18-2011 |   110
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123 | 1111-2222-3333-4444 |   4000 | 10-21-2011 |   200
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_usage_secure
+       WHERE f_leak(cnum) AND ymd >= '2011-10-01' AND ymd < '2011-11-01';
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on my_credit_card_usage_secure
+   Filter: f_leak(my_credit_card_usage_secure.cnum)
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Join Filter: (l.cid = r.cid)
+         ->  Seq Scan on credit_usage r
+               Filter: ((ymd >= '10-01-2011'::date) AND (ymd < '11-01-2011'::date))
+         ->  Materialize
+               ->  Hash Join
+                     Hash Cond: (r_1.cid = l.cid)
+                     ->  Seq Scan on credit_card r_1
+                     ->  Hash
+                           ->  Seq Scan on customer l
+                                 Filter: (name = CURRENT_USER)
+(13 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test for the case when security_barrier gets changed between rewriter
+-- and planner stage.
+--
+PREPARE p1 AS SELECT * FROM my_property_normal WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+PREPARE p2 AS SELECT * FROM my_property_secure WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+EXECUTE p1;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd123
+NOTICE:  f_leak => beafsteak
+NOTICE:  f_leak => hamburger
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123
+(1 row)
+
+EXECUTE p2;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd123
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123
+(1 row)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+ALTER VIEW my_property_normal SET (security_barrier=true);
+ALTER VIEW my_property_secure SET (security_barrier=false);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alice;
+EXECUTE p1;		-- To be perform as a view with security-barrier
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd123
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123
+(1 row)
+
+EXECUTE p2;		-- To be perform as a view without security-barrier
+NOTICE:  f_leak => passwd123
+NOTICE:  f_leak => beafsteak
+NOTICE:  f_leak => hamburger
+ cid |     name      |       tel        |  passwd   
+-----+---------------+------------------+-----------
+ 101 | regress_alice | +81-12-3456-7890 | passwd123
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP ROLE regress_alice;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/sequence.out b/src/test/regress/expected/sequence.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cb2f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/sequence.out
@@ -0,0 +1,841 @@
+--
+-- CREATE SEQUENCE
+--
+-- various error cases
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx INCREMENT BY 0;
+ERROR:  INCREMENT must not be zero
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx INCREMENT BY -1 MINVALUE 20;
+ERROR:  MINVALUE (20) must be less than MAXVALUE (-1)
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx INCREMENT BY 1 MAXVALUE -20;
+ERROR:  MINVALUE (1) must be less than MAXVALUE (-20)
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx INCREMENT BY -1 START 10;
+ERROR:  START value (10) cannot be greater than MAXVALUE (-1)
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx INCREMENT BY 1 START -10;
+ERROR:  START value (-10) cannot be less than MINVALUE (1)
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx CACHE 0;
+ERROR:  CACHE (0) must be greater than zero
+-- OWNED BY errors
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx OWNED BY nobody;  -- nonsense word
+ERROR:  invalid OWNED BY option
+HINT:  Specify OWNED BY table.column or OWNED BY NONE.
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx OWNED BY pg_class_oid_index.oid;  -- not a table
+ERROR:  sequence cannot be owned by relation "pg_class_oid_index"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for indexes.
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx OWNED BY pg_class.relname;  -- not same schema
+ERROR:  sequence must be in same schema as table it is linked to
+CREATE TABLE sequence_test_table (a int);
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx OWNED BY sequence_test_table.b;  -- wrong column
+ERROR:  column "b" of relation "sequence_test_table" does not exist
+DROP TABLE sequence_test_table;
+-- sequence data types
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test5 AS integer;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test6 AS smallint;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test7 AS bigint;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test8 AS integer MAXVALUE 100000;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test9 AS integer INCREMENT BY -1;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test10 AS integer MINVALUE -100000 START 1;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test11 AS smallint;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test12 AS smallint INCREMENT -1;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test13 AS smallint MINVALUE -32768;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test14 AS smallint MAXVALUE 32767 INCREMENT -1;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx AS text;
+ERROR:  sequence type must be smallint, integer, or bigint
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx AS nosuchtype;
+ERROR:  type "nosuchtype" does not exist
+LINE 1: CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx AS nosuchtype;
+                                          ^
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx AS smallint MAXVALUE 100000;
+ERROR:  MAXVALUE (100000) is out of range for sequence data type smallint
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx AS smallint MINVALUE -100000;
+ERROR:  MINVALUE (-100000) is out of range for sequence data type smallint
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test5 AS smallint;  -- success, max will be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test8 AS smallint;  -- fail, max has to be adjusted
+ERROR:  MAXVALUE (100000) is out of range for sequence data type smallint
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test8 AS smallint MAXVALUE 20000;  -- ok now
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test9 AS smallint;  -- success, min will be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test10 AS smallint;  -- fail, min has to be adjusted
+ERROR:  MINVALUE (-100000) is out of range for sequence data type smallint
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test10 AS smallint MINVALUE -20000;  -- ok now
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test11 AS int;  -- max will be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test12 AS int;  -- min will be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test13 AS int;  -- min and max will be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test14 AS int;  -- min and max will be adjusted
+---
+--- test creation of SERIAL column
+---
+CREATE TABLE serialTest1 (f1 text, f2 serial);
+INSERT INTO serialTest1 VALUES ('foo');
+INSERT INTO serialTest1 VALUES ('bar');
+INSERT INTO serialTest1 VALUES ('force', 100);
+INSERT INTO serialTest1 VALUES ('wrong', NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "f2" of relation "serialtest1" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (wrong, null).
+SELECT * FROM serialTest1;
+  f1   | f2  
+-------+-----
+ foo   |   1
+ bar   |   2
+ force | 100
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence('serialTest1', 'f2');
+  pg_get_serial_sequence   
+---------------------------
+ public.serialtest1_f2_seq
+(1 row)
+
+-- test smallserial / bigserial
+CREATE TABLE serialTest2 (f1 text, f2 serial, f3 smallserial, f4 serial2,
+  f5 bigserial, f6 serial8);
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1)
+  VALUES ('test_defaults');
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6)
+  VALUES ('test_max_vals', 2147483647, 32767, 32767, 9223372036854775807,
+          9223372036854775807),
+         ('test_min_vals', -2147483648, -32768, -32768, -9223372036854775808,
+          -9223372036854775808);
+-- All these INSERTs should fail:
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f3)
+  VALUES ('bogus', -32769);
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f4)
+  VALUES ('bogus', -32769);
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f3)
+  VALUES ('bogus', 32768);
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f4)
+  VALUES ('bogus', 32768);
+ERROR:  smallint out of range
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f5)
+  VALUES ('bogus', -9223372036854775809);
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f6)
+  VALUES ('bogus', -9223372036854775809);
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f5)
+  VALUES ('bogus', 9223372036854775808);
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f6)
+  VALUES ('bogus', 9223372036854775808);
+ERROR:  bigint out of range
+SELECT * FROM serialTest2 ORDER BY f2 ASC;
+      f1       |     f2      |   f3   |   f4   |          f5          |          f6          
+---------------+-------------+--------+--------+----------------------+----------------------
+ test_min_vals | -2147483648 | -32768 | -32768 | -9223372036854775808 | -9223372036854775808
+ test_defaults |           1 |      1 |      1 |                    1 |                    1
+ test_max_vals |  2147483647 |  32767 |  32767 |  9223372036854775807 |  9223372036854775807
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT nextval('serialTest2_f2_seq');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('serialTest2_f3_seq');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('serialTest2_f4_seq');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('serialTest2_f5_seq');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('serialTest2_f6_seq');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+-- basic sequence operations using both text and oid references
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test;
+CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS sequence_test;
+NOTICE:  relation "sequence_test" already exists, skipping
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::text);
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::regclass);
+ nextval 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT currval('sequence_test'::text);
+ currval 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT currval('sequence_test'::regclass);
+ currval 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setval('sequence_test'::text, 32);
+ setval 
+--------
+     32
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::regclass);
+ nextval 
+---------
+      33
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setval('sequence_test'::text, 99, false);
+ setval 
+--------
+     99
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::regclass);
+ nextval 
+---------
+      99
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setval('sequence_test'::regclass, 32);
+ setval 
+--------
+     32
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::text);
+ nextval 
+---------
+      33
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setval('sequence_test'::regclass, 99, false);
+ setval 
+--------
+     99
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::text);
+ nextval 
+---------
+      99
+(1 row)
+
+DISCARD SEQUENCES;
+SELECT currval('sequence_test'::regclass);
+ERROR:  currval of sequence "sequence_test" is not yet defined in this session
+DROP SEQUENCE sequence_test;
+-- renaming sequences
+CREATE SEQUENCE foo_seq;
+ALTER TABLE foo_seq RENAME TO foo_seq_new;
+SELECT * FROM foo_seq_new;
+ last_value | log_cnt | is_called 
+------------+---------+-----------
+          1 |       0 | f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('foo_seq_new');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('foo_seq_new');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+-- log_cnt can be higher if there is a checkpoint just at the right
+-- time, so just test for the expected range
+SELECT last_value, log_cnt IN (31, 32) AS log_cnt_ok, is_called FROM foo_seq_new;
+ last_value | log_cnt_ok | is_called 
+------------+------------+-----------
+          2 | t          | t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP SEQUENCE foo_seq_new;
+-- renaming serial sequences
+ALTER TABLE serialtest1_f2_seq RENAME TO serialtest1_f2_foo;
+INSERT INTO serialTest1 VALUES ('more');
+SELECT * FROM serialTest1;
+  f1   | f2  
+-------+-----
+ foo   |   1
+ bar   |   2
+ force | 100
+ more  |   3
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check dependencies of serial and ordinary sequences
+--
+CREATE TEMP SEQUENCE myseq2;
+CREATE TEMP SEQUENCE myseq3;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t1 (
+  f1 serial,
+  f2 int DEFAULT nextval('myseq2'),
+  f3 int DEFAULT nextval('myseq3'::text)
+);
+-- Both drops should fail, but with different error messages:
+DROP SEQUENCE t1_f1_seq;
+ERROR:  cannot drop sequence t1_f1_seq because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  default value for column f1 of table t1 depends on sequence t1_f1_seq
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP SEQUENCE myseq2;
+ERROR:  cannot drop sequence myseq2 because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  default value for column f2 of table t1 depends on sequence myseq2
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- This however will work:
+DROP SEQUENCE myseq3;
+DROP TABLE t1;
+-- Fails because no longer existent:
+DROP SEQUENCE t1_f1_seq;
+ERROR:  sequence "t1_f1_seq" does not exist
+-- Now OK:
+DROP SEQUENCE myseq2;
+--
+-- Alter sequence
+--
+ALTER SEQUENCE IF EXISTS sequence_test2 RESTART WITH 24
+  INCREMENT BY 4 MAXVALUE 36 MINVALUE 5 CYCLE;
+NOTICE:  relation "sequence_test2" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER SEQUENCE serialTest1 CYCLE;  -- error, not a sequence
+ERROR:  "serialtest1" is not a sequence
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test2 START WITH 32;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test4 INCREMENT BY -1;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      32
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test4');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      -1
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      32
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART WITH 0;  -- error
+ERROR:  RESTART value (0) cannot be less than MINVALUE (1)
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test4 RESTART WITH 40;  -- error
+ERROR:  RESTART value (40) cannot be greater than MAXVALUE (-1)
+-- test CYCLE and NO CYCLE
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART WITH 24
+  INCREMENT BY 4 MAXVALUE 36 MINVALUE 5 CYCLE;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      24
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      28
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      32
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      36
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');  -- cycled
+ nextval 
+---------
+       5
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART WITH 24
+  NO CYCLE;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      24
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      28
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      32
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      36
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');  -- error
+ERROR:  nextval: reached maximum value of sequence "sequence_test2" (36)
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART WITH -24 START WITH -24
+  INCREMENT BY -4 MINVALUE -36 MAXVALUE -5 CYCLE;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+     -24
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+     -28
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+     -32
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+     -36
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');  -- cycled
+ nextval 
+---------
+      -5
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART WITH -24
+  NO CYCLE;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+     -24
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+     -28
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+     -32
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+     -36
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');  -- error
+ERROR:  nextval: reached minimum value of sequence "sequence_test2" (-36)
+-- reset
+ALTER SEQUENCE IF EXISTS sequence_test2 RESTART WITH 32 START WITH 32
+  INCREMENT BY 4 MAXVALUE 36 MINVALUE 5 CYCLE;
+SELECT setval('sequence_test2', -100);  -- error
+ERROR:  setval: value -100 is out of bounds for sequence "sequence_test2" (5..36)
+SELECT setval('sequence_test2', 100);  -- error
+ERROR:  setval: value 100 is out of bounds for sequence "sequence_test2" (5..36)
+SELECT setval('sequence_test2', 5);
+ setval 
+--------
+      5
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test3;  -- not read from, to test is_called
+-- Information schema
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.sequences
+  WHERE sequence_name ~ ANY(ARRAY['sequence_test', 'serialtest'])
+  ORDER BY sequence_name ASC;
+ sequence_catalog | sequence_schema |   sequence_name    | data_type | numeric_precision | numeric_precision_radix | numeric_scale | start_value |    minimum_value     |    maximum_value    | increment | cycle_option 
+------------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----------+-------------------+-------------------------+---------------+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-----------+--------------
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test10    | smallint  |                16 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | -20000               | 32767               | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test11    | integer   |                32 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 2147483647          | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test12    | integer   |                32 |                       2 |             0 | -1          | -2147483648          | -1                  | -1        | NO
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test13    | integer   |                32 |                       2 |             0 | -32768      | -2147483648          | 2147483647          | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test14    | integer   |                32 |                       2 |             0 | 32767       | -2147483648          | 2147483647          | -1        | NO
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test2     | bigint    |                64 |                       2 |             0 | 32          | 5                    | 36                  | 4         | YES
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test3     | bigint    |                64 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 9223372036854775807 | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test4     | bigint    |                64 |                       2 |             0 | -1          | -9223372036854775808 | -1                  | -1        | NO
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test5     | smallint  |                16 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 32767               | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test6     | smallint  |                16 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 32767               | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test7     | bigint    |                64 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 9223372036854775807 | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test8     | smallint  |                16 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 20000               | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test9     | smallint  |                16 |                       2 |             0 | -1          | -32768               | -1                  | -1        | NO
+ regression       | public          | serialtest1_f2_foo | integer   |                32 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 2147483647          | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | serialtest2_f2_seq | integer   |                32 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 2147483647          | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | serialtest2_f3_seq | smallint  |                16 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 32767               | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | serialtest2_f4_seq | smallint  |                16 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 32767               | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | serialtest2_f5_seq | bigint    |                64 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 9223372036854775807 | 1         | NO
+ regression       | public          | serialtest2_f6_seq | bigint    |                64 |                       2 |             0 | 1           | 1                    | 9223372036854775807 | 1         | NO
+(19 rows)
+
+SELECT schemaname, sequencename, start_value, min_value, max_value, increment_by, cycle, cache_size, last_value
+FROM pg_sequences
+WHERE sequencename ~ ANY(ARRAY['sequence_test', 'serialtest'])
+  ORDER BY sequencename ASC;
+ schemaname |    sequencename    | start_value |      min_value       |      max_value      | increment_by | cycle | cache_size | last_value 
+------------+--------------------+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+--------------+-------+------------+------------
+ public     | sequence_test10    |           1 |               -20000 |               32767 |            1 | f     |          1 |           
+ public     | sequence_test11    |           1 |                    1 |          2147483647 |            1 | f     |          1 |           
+ public     | sequence_test12    |          -1 |          -2147483648 |                  -1 |           -1 | f     |          1 |           
+ public     | sequence_test13    |      -32768 |          -2147483648 |          2147483647 |            1 | f     |          1 |           
+ public     | sequence_test14    |       32767 |          -2147483648 |          2147483647 |           -1 | f     |          1 |           
+ public     | sequence_test2     |          32 |                    5 |                  36 |            4 | t     |          1 |          5
+ public     | sequence_test3     |           1 |                    1 | 9223372036854775807 |            1 | f     |          1 |           
+ public     | sequence_test4     |          -1 | -9223372036854775808 |                  -1 |           -1 | f     |          1 |         -1
+ public     | sequence_test5     |           1 |                    1 |               32767 |            1 | f     |          1 |           
+ public     | sequence_test6     |           1 |                    1 |               32767 |            1 | f     |          1 |           
+ public     | sequence_test7     |           1 |                    1 | 9223372036854775807 |            1 | f     |          1 |           
+ public     | sequence_test8     |           1 |                    1 |               20000 |            1 | f     |          1 |           
+ public     | sequence_test9     |          -1 |               -32768 |                  -1 |           -1 | f     |          1 |           
+ public     | serialtest1_f2_foo |           1 |                    1 |          2147483647 |            1 | f     |          1 |          3
+ public     | serialtest2_f2_seq |           1 |                    1 |          2147483647 |            1 | f     |          1 |          2
+ public     | serialtest2_f3_seq |           1 |                    1 |               32767 |            1 | f     |          1 |          2
+ public     | serialtest2_f4_seq |           1 |                    1 |               32767 |            1 | f     |          1 |          2
+ public     | serialtest2_f5_seq |           1 |                    1 | 9223372036854775807 |            1 | f     |          1 |          2
+ public     | serialtest2_f6_seq |           1 |                    1 | 9223372036854775807 |            1 | f     |          1 |          2
+(19 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_sequence_parameters('sequence_test4'::regclass);
+ start_value |    minimum_value     | maximum_value | increment | cycle_option | cache_size | data_type 
+-------------+----------------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+------------+-----------
+          -1 | -9223372036854775808 |            -1 |        -1 | f            |          1 |        20
+(1 row)
+
+\d sequence_test4
+                       Sequence "public.sequence_test4"
+  Type  | Start |       Minimum        | Maximum | Increment | Cycles? | Cache 
+--------+-------+----------------------+---------+-----------+---------+-------
+ bigint |    -1 | -9223372036854775808 |      -1 |        -1 | no      |     1
+
+\d serialtest2_f2_seq
+                 Sequence "public.serialtest2_f2_seq"
+  Type   | Start | Minimum |  Maximum   | Increment | Cycles? | Cache 
+---------+-------+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------
+ integer |     1 |       1 | 2147483647 |         1 | no      |     1
+Owned by: public.serialtest2.f2
+
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON SEQUENCE asdf IS 'won''t work';
+ERROR:  relation "asdf" does not exist
+COMMENT ON SEQUENCE sequence_test2 IS 'will work';
+COMMENT ON SEQUENCE sequence_test2 IS NULL;
+-- Test lastval()
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq;
+SELECT nextval('seq');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lastval();
+ lastval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setval('seq', 99);
+ setval 
+--------
+     99
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lastval();
+ lastval 
+---------
+      99
+(1 row)
+
+DISCARD SEQUENCES;
+SELECT lastval();
+ERROR:  lastval is not yet defined in this session
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq2;
+SELECT nextval('seq2');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lastval();
+ lastval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP SEQUENCE seq2;
+-- should fail
+SELECT lastval();
+ERROR:  lastval is not yet defined in this session
+-- unlogged sequences
+-- (more tests in src/test/recovery/)
+CREATE UNLOGGED SEQUENCE sequence_test_unlogged;
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test_unlogged SET LOGGED;
+\d sequence_test_unlogged
+                   Sequence "public.sequence_test_unlogged"
+  Type  | Start | Minimum |       Maximum       | Increment | Cycles? | Cache 
+--------+-------+---------+---------------------+-----------+---------+-------
+ bigint |     1 |       1 | 9223372036854775807 |         1 | no      |     1
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test_unlogged SET UNLOGGED;
+\d sequence_test_unlogged
+              Unlogged sequence "public.sequence_test_unlogged"
+  Type  | Start | Minimum |       Maximum       | Increment | Cycles? | Cache 
+--------+-------+---------+---------------------+-----------+---------+-------
+ bigint |     1 |       1 | 9223372036854775807 |         1 | no      |     1
+
+DROP SEQUENCE sequence_test_unlogged;
+-- Test sequences in read-only transactions
+CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE sequence_test_temp1;
+START TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test_temp1');  -- ok
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot execute nextval() in a read-only transaction
+ROLLBACK;
+START TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+SELECT setval('sequence_test_temp1', 1);  -- ok
+ setval 
+--------
+      1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setval('sequence_test2', 1);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot execute setval() in a read-only transaction
+ROLLBACK;
+-- privileges tests
+CREATE USER regress_seq_user;
+-- nextval
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT SELECT ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ERROR:  permission denied for sequence seq3
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT UPDATE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT USAGE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- currval
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT SELECT ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT currval('seq3');
+ currval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT UPDATE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT currval('seq3');
+ERROR:  permission denied for sequence seq3
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT USAGE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT currval('seq3');
+ currval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- lastval
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT SELECT ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT lastval();
+ lastval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT UPDATE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT lastval();
+ERROR:  permission denied for sequence seq3
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT USAGE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT lastval();
+ lastval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- setval
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+SAVEPOINT save;
+SELECT setval('seq3', 5);
+ERROR:  permission denied for sequence seq3
+ROLLBACK TO save;
+GRANT UPDATE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT setval('seq3', 5);
+ setval 
+--------
+      5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       6
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- ALTER SEQUENCE
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 START WITH 1;
+ERROR:  must be owner of sequence sequence_test2
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Sequences should get wiped out as well:
+DROP TABLE serialTest1, serialTest2;
+-- Make sure sequences are gone:
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.sequences WHERE sequence_name IN
+  ('sequence_test2', 'serialtest2_f2_seq', 'serialtest2_f3_seq',
+   'serialtest2_f4_seq', 'serialtest2_f5_seq', 'serialtest2_f6_seq')
+  ORDER BY sequence_name ASC;
+ sequence_catalog | sequence_schema | sequence_name  | data_type | numeric_precision | numeric_precision_radix | numeric_scale | start_value | minimum_value | maximum_value | increment | cycle_option 
+------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------+-------------------+-------------------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+---------------+-----------+--------------
+ regression       | public          | sequence_test2 | bigint    |                64 |                       2 |             0 | 32          | 5             | 36            | 4         | YES
+(1 row)
+
+DROP USER regress_seq_user;
+DROP SEQUENCE seq;
+-- cache tests
+CREATE SEQUENCE test_seq1 CACHE 10;
+SELECT nextval('test_seq1');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('test_seq1');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT nextval('test_seq1');
+ nextval 
+---------
+       3
+(1 row)
+
+DROP SEQUENCE test_seq1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/spgist.out b/src/test/regress/expected/spgist.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e91128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/spgist.out
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+--
+-- Test SP-GiST indexes.
+--
+-- There are other tests to test different SP-GiST opclasses. This is for
+-- testing SP-GiST code itself.
+create table spgist_point_tbl(id int4, p point);
+create index spgist_point_idx on spgist_point_tbl using spgist(p) with (fillfactor = 75);
+-- Test vacuum-root operation. It gets invoked when the root is also a leaf,
+-- i.e. the index is very small.
+insert into spgist_point_tbl (id, p)
+select g, point(g*10, g*10) from generate_series(1, 10) g;
+delete from spgist_point_tbl where id < 5;
+vacuum spgist_point_tbl;
+-- Insert more data, to make the index a few levels deep.
+insert into spgist_point_tbl (id, p)
+select g,      point(g*10, g*10) from generate_series(1, 10000) g;
+insert into spgist_point_tbl (id, p)
+select g+100000, point(g*10+1, g*10+1) from generate_series(1, 10000) g;
+-- To test vacuum, delete some entries from all over the index.
+delete from spgist_point_tbl where id % 2 = 1;
+-- And also delete some concentration of values. (SP-GiST doesn't currently
+-- attempt to delete pages even when they become empty, but if it did, this
+-- would exercise it)
+delete from spgist_point_tbl where id < 10000;
+vacuum spgist_point_tbl;
+-- Test rescan paths (cf. bug #15378)
+-- use box and && rather than point, so that rescan happens when the
+-- traverse stack is non-empty
+create table spgist_box_tbl(id serial, b box);
+insert into spgist_box_tbl(b)
+select box(point(i,j),point(i+s,j+s))
+  from generate_series(1,100,5) i,
+       generate_series(1,100,5) j,
+       generate_series(1,10) s;
+create index spgist_box_idx on spgist_box_tbl using spgist (b);
+select count(*)
+  from (values (point(5,5)),(point(8,8)),(point(12,12))) v(p)
+ where exists(select * from spgist_box_tbl b where b.b && box(v.p,v.p));
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- The point opclass's choose method only uses the spgMatchNode action,
+-- so the other actions are not tested by the above. Create an index using
+-- text opclass, which uses the others actions.
+create table spgist_text_tbl(id int4, t text);
+create index spgist_text_idx on spgist_text_tbl using spgist(t);
+insert into spgist_text_tbl (id, t)
+select g, 'f' || repeat('o', 100) || g from generate_series(1, 10000) g
+union all
+select g, 'baaaaaaaaaaaaaar' || g from generate_series(1, 1000) g;
+-- Do a lot of insertions that have to split an existing node. Hopefully
+-- one of these will cause the page to run out of space, causing the inner
+-- tuple to be moved to another page.
+insert into spgist_text_tbl (id, t)
+select -g, 'f' || repeat('o', 100-g) || 'surprise' from generate_series(1, 100) g;
+-- Test out-of-range fillfactor values
+create index spgist_point_idx2 on spgist_point_tbl using spgist(p) with (fillfactor = 9);
+ERROR:  value 9 out of bounds for option "fillfactor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "10" and "100".
+create index spgist_point_idx2 on spgist_point_tbl using spgist(p) with (fillfactor = 101);
+ERROR:  value 101 out of bounds for option "fillfactor"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "10" and "100".
+-- Modify fillfactor in existing index
+alter index spgist_point_idx set (fillfactor = 90);
+reindex index spgist_point_idx;
+-- Test index over a domain
+create domain spgist_text as varchar;
+create table spgist_domain_tbl (f1 spgist_text);
+create index spgist_domain_idx on spgist_domain_tbl using spgist(f1);
+insert into spgist_domain_tbl values('fee'), ('fi'), ('fo'), ('fum');
+explain (costs off)
+select * from spgist_domain_tbl where f1 = 'fo';
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on spgist_domain_tbl
+   Recheck Cond: ((f1)::text = 'fo'::text)
+   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on spgist_domain_idx
+         Index Cond: ((f1)::text = 'fo'::text)
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from spgist_domain_tbl where f1 = 'fo';
+ f1 
+----
+ fo
+(1 row)
+
+-- test an unlogged table, mostly to get coverage of spgistbuildempty
+create unlogged table spgist_unlogged_tbl(id serial, b box);
+create index spgist_unlogged_idx on spgist_unlogged_tbl using spgist (b);
+insert into spgist_unlogged_tbl(b)
+select box(point(i,j))
+  from generate_series(1,100,5) i,
+       generate_series(1,10,5) j;
+-- leave this table around, to help in testing dump/restore
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/stats.out b/src/test/regress/expected/stats.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffcba30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/stats.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1015 @@
+--
+-- Test cumulative stats system
+--
+-- Must be run after tenk2 has been created (by create_table),
+-- populated (by create_misc) and indexed (by create_index).
+--
+-- conditio sine qua non
+SHOW track_counts;  -- must be on
+ track_counts 
+--------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+-- ensure that both seqscan and indexscan plans are allowed
+SET enable_seqscan TO on;
+SET enable_indexscan TO on;
+-- for the moment, we don't want index-only scans here
+SET enable_indexonlyscan TO off;
+-- not enabled by default, but we want to test it...
+SET track_functions TO 'all';
+-- record dboid for later use
+SELECT oid AS dboid from pg_database where datname = current_database() \gset
+-- save counters
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = snapshot;
+CREATE TABLE prevstats AS
+SELECT t.seq_scan, t.seq_tup_read, t.idx_scan, t.idx_tup_fetch,
+       (b.heap_blks_read + b.heap_blks_hit) AS heap_blks,
+       (b.idx_blks_read + b.idx_blks_hit) AS idx_blks,
+       pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() as snap_ts
+  FROM pg_catalog.pg_stat_user_tables AS t,
+       pg_catalog.pg_statio_user_tables AS b
+ WHERE t.relname='tenk2' AND b.relname='tenk2';
+COMMIT;
+-- test effects of TRUNCATE on n_live_tup/n_dead_tup counters
+CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test(id serial);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test1(id serial, stuff text);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test2(id serial);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test3(id serial, stuff text);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test4(id serial);
+-- check that n_live_tup is reset to 0 after truncate
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test DEFAULT VALUES;
+TRUNCATE trunc_stats_test;
+-- test involving a truncate in a transaction; 4 ins but only 1 live
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+UPDATE trunc_stats_test1 SET id = id + 10 WHERE id IN (1, 2);
+DELETE FROM trunc_stats_test1 WHERE id = 3;
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE trunc_stats_test1 SET id = id + 100;
+TRUNCATE trunc_stats_test1;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+COMMIT;
+-- use a savepoint: 1 insert, 1 live
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SAVEPOINT p1;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+TRUNCATE trunc_stats_test2;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT p1;
+COMMIT;
+-- rollback a savepoint: this should count 4 inserts and have 2
+-- live tuples after commit (and 2 dead ones due to aborted subxact)
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SAVEPOINT p1;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+TRUNCATE trunc_stats_test3;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT p1;
+COMMIT;
+-- rollback a truncate: this should count 2 inserts and produce 2 dead tuples
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+TRUNCATE trunc_stats_test4;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- do a seqscan
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk2;
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+-- do an indexscan
+-- make sure it is not a bitmap scan, which might skip fetching heap tuples
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk2 WHERE unique1 = 1;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+-- ensure pending stats are flushed
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+ pg_stat_force_next_flush 
+--------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- check effects
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = snapshot;
+SELECT relname, n_tup_ins, n_tup_upd, n_tup_del, n_live_tup, n_dead_tup
+  FROM pg_stat_user_tables
+ WHERE relname like 'trunc_stats_test%' order by relname;
+      relname      | n_tup_ins | n_tup_upd | n_tup_del | n_live_tup | n_dead_tup 
+-------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+------------
+ trunc_stats_test  |         3 |         0 |         0 |          0 |          0
+ trunc_stats_test1 |         4 |         2 |         1 |          1 |          0
+ trunc_stats_test2 |         1 |         0 |         0 |          1 |          0
+ trunc_stats_test3 |         4 |         0 |         0 |          2 |          2
+ trunc_stats_test4 |         2 |         0 |         0 |          0 |          2
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT st.seq_scan >= pr.seq_scan + 1,
+       st.seq_tup_read >= pr.seq_tup_read + cl.reltuples,
+       st.idx_scan >= pr.idx_scan + 1,
+       st.idx_tup_fetch >= pr.idx_tup_fetch + 1
+  FROM pg_stat_user_tables AS st, pg_class AS cl, prevstats AS pr
+ WHERE st.relname='tenk2' AND cl.relname='tenk2';
+ ?column? | ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------+----------+----------
+ t        | t        | t        | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT st.heap_blks_read + st.heap_blks_hit >= pr.heap_blks + cl.relpages,
+       st.idx_blks_read + st.idx_blks_hit >= pr.idx_blks + 1
+  FROM pg_statio_user_tables AS st, pg_class AS cl, prevstats AS pr
+ WHERE st.relname='tenk2' AND cl.relname='tenk2';
+ ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------
+ t        | t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pr.snap_ts < pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() as snapshot_newer
+FROM prevstats AS pr;
+ snapshot_newer 
+----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+----
+-- Basic tests for track_functions
+---
+CREATE FUNCTION stats_test_func1() RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$BEGIN END;$$;
+SELECT 'stats_test_func1()'::regprocedure::oid AS stats_test_func1_oid \gset
+CREATE FUNCTION stats_test_func2() RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$BEGIN END;$$;
+SELECT 'stats_test_func2()'::regprocedure::oid AS stats_test_func2_oid \gset
+-- test that stats are accumulated
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = none;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_function_calls 
+----------------------------
+                           
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls 
+---------------------------------
+                                
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_test_func1();
+ stats_test_func1 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls 
+---------------------------------
+                               1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_test_func1();
+ stats_test_func1 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls 
+---------------------------------
+                               2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_function_calls 
+----------------------------
+                          0
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- Verify that function stats are not transactional
+-- rolled back savepoint in committing transaction
+BEGIN;
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+ stats_test_func2 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT foo;
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+ stats_test_func2 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT foo;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls(:stats_test_func2_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls 
+---------------------------------
+                               2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+ stats_test_func2 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- rolled back transaction
+BEGIN;
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+ stats_test_func2 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+ pg_stat_force_next_flush 
+--------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- check collected stats
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func1_oid;
+     funcname     | calls 
+------------------+-------
+ stats_test_func1 |     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func2_oid;
+     funcname     | calls 
+------------------+-------
+ stats_test_func2 |     4
+(1 row)
+
+-- check that a rolled back drop function stats leaves stats alive
+BEGIN;
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func1_oid;
+     funcname     | calls 
+------------------+-------
+ stats_test_func1 |     2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION stats_test_func1();
+-- shouldn't be visible via view
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func1_oid;
+ funcname | calls 
+----------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- but still via oid access
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_function_calls 
+----------------------------
+                          2
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func1_oid;
+     funcname     | calls 
+------------------+-------
+ stats_test_func1 |     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_function_calls 
+----------------------------
+                          2
+(1 row)
+
+-- check that function dropped in main transaction leaves no stats behind
+BEGIN;
+DROP FUNCTION stats_test_func1();
+COMMIT;
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func1_oid;
+ funcname | calls 
+----------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_function_calls 
+----------------------------
+                           
+(1 row)
+
+-- check that function dropped in a subtransaction leaves no stats behind
+BEGIN;
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+ stats_test_func2 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT a;
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+ stats_test_func2 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT b;
+DROP FUNCTION stats_test_func2();
+COMMIT;
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func2_oid;
+ funcname | calls 
+----------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func2_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_function_calls 
+----------------------------
+                           
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check that stats for relations are dropped. For that we need to access stats
+-- by oid after the DROP TABLE. Save oids.
+CREATE TABLE drop_stats_test();
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT 'drop_stats_test'::regclass::oid AS drop_stats_test_oid \gset
+CREATE TABLE drop_stats_test_xact();
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_xact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT 'drop_stats_test_xact'::regclass::oid AS drop_stats_test_xact_oid \gset
+CREATE TABLE drop_stats_test_subxact();
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_subxact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT 'drop_stats_test_subxact'::regclass::oid AS drop_stats_test_subxact_oid \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+ pg_stat_force_next_flush 
+--------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted 
+----------------------------------
+                                0
+(1 row)
+
+-- check that rollback protects against having stats dropped and that local
+-- modifications don't pose a problem
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted 
+-----------------------------
+                           1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted 
+----------------------------------
+                                0
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_xact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted 
+----------------------------------
+                                1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test_xact;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted 
+----------------------------------
+                                0
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+ pg_stat_force_next_flush 
+--------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted 
+-----------------------------
+                           2
+(1 row)
+
+-- transactional drop
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted 
+-----------------------------
+                           2
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_xact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted 
+----------------------------------
+                                1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test_xact;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted 
+----------------------------------
+                                0
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+ pg_stat_force_next_flush 
+--------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted 
+-----------------------------
+                           0
+(1 row)
+
+-- savepoint rollback (2 levels)
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       1
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_subxact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SAVEPOINT sp1;
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_subxact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted 
+----------------------------------
+                                2
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT sp2;
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test_subxact;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp2;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted 
+----------------------------------
+                                2
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+ pg_stat_force_next_flush 
+--------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       3
+(1 row)
+
+-- savepoint rolback (1 level)
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       3
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+SAVEPOINT sp1;
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test_subxact;
+SAVEPOINT sp2;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp1;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       3
+(1 row)
+
+-- and now actually drop
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       3
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+SAVEPOINT sp1;
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test_subxact;
+SAVEPOINT sp2;
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT sp1;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+ pg_stat_get_live_tuples 
+-------------------------
+                       0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE trunc_stats_test, trunc_stats_test1, trunc_stats_test2, trunc_stats_test3, trunc_stats_test4;
+DROP TABLE prevstats;
+-----
+-- Test reset of some stats for shared table
+-----
+-- This updates the comment of the database currently in use in
+-- pg_shdescription with a fake value, then sets it back to its
+-- original value.
+SELECT shobj_description(d.oid, 'pg_database') as description_before
+  FROM pg_database d WHERE datname = current_database() \gset
+-- force some stats in pg_shdescription.
+BEGIN;
+SELECT current_database() as datname \gset
+COMMENT ON DATABASE :"datname" IS 'This is a test comment';
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+ pg_stat_force_next_flush 
+--------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- check that the stats are reset.
+SELECT (n_tup_ins + n_tup_upd) > 0 AS has_data FROM pg_stat_all_tables
+  WHERE relid = 'pg_shdescription'::regclass;
+ has_data 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters('pg_shdescription'::regclass);
+ pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters 
+-------------------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (n_tup_ins + n_tup_upd) > 0 AS has_data FROM pg_stat_all_tables
+  WHERE relid = 'pg_shdescription'::regclass;
+ has_data 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- set back comment
+\if :{?description_before}
+  COMMENT ON DATABASE :"datname" IS :'description_before';
+\else
+  COMMENT ON DATABASE :"datname" IS NULL;
+\endif
+-----
+-- Test that various stats views are being properly populated
+-----
+-- Test that sessions is incremented when a new session is started in pg_stat_database
+SELECT sessions AS db_stat_sessions FROM pg_stat_database WHERE datname = (SELECT current_database()) \gset
+\c
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+ pg_stat_force_next_flush 
+--------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sessions > :db_stat_sessions FROM pg_stat_database WHERE datname = (SELECT current_database());
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test pg_stat_bgwriter checkpointer-related stats, together with pg_stat_wal
+SELECT checkpoints_req AS rqst_ckpts_before FROM pg_stat_bgwriter \gset
+-- Test pg_stat_wal
+SELECT wal_bytes AS wal_bytes_before FROM pg_stat_wal \gset
+CREATE TABLE test_stats_temp AS SELECT 17;
+DROP TABLE test_stats_temp;
+-- Checkpoint twice: The checkpointer reports stats after reporting completion
+-- of the checkpoint. But after a second checkpoint we'll see at least the
+-- results of the first.
+CHECKPOINT;
+CHECKPOINT;
+SELECT checkpoints_req > :rqst_ckpts_before FROM pg_stat_bgwriter;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT wal_bytes > :wal_bytes_before FROM pg_stat_wal;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-----
+-- Test that resetting stats works for reset timestamp
+-----
+-- Test that reset_slru with a specified SLRU works.
+SELECT stats_reset AS slru_commit_ts_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'CommitTs' \gset
+SELECT stats_reset AS slru_notify_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'Notify' \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_slru('CommitTs');
+ pg_stat_reset_slru 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset > :'slru_commit_ts_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'CommitTs';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset AS slru_commit_ts_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'CommitTs' \gset
+-- Test that multiple SLRUs are reset when no specific SLRU provided to reset function
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_slru(NULL);
+ pg_stat_reset_slru 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset > :'slru_commit_ts_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'CommitTs';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset > :'slru_notify_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'Notify';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test that reset_shared with archiver specified as the stats type works
+SELECT stats_reset AS archiver_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_archiver \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_shared('archiver');
+ pg_stat_reset_shared 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset > :'archiver_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_archiver;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset AS archiver_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_archiver \gset
+-- Test that reset_shared with bgwriter specified as the stats type works
+SELECT stats_reset AS bgwriter_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_bgwriter \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_shared('bgwriter');
+ pg_stat_reset_shared 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset > :'bgwriter_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_bgwriter;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset AS bgwriter_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_bgwriter \gset
+-- Test that reset_shared with wal specified as the stats type works
+SELECT stats_reset AS wal_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_wal \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_shared('wal');
+ pg_stat_reset_shared 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset > :'wal_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_wal;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset AS wal_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_wal \gset
+-- Test that reset_shared with no specified stats type doesn't reset anything
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_shared(NULL);
+ pg_stat_reset_shared 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset = :'archiver_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_archiver;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset = :'bgwriter_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_bgwriter;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset = :'wal_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_wal;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test that reset works for pg_stat_database
+-- Since pg_stat_database stats_reset starts out as NULL, reset it once first so we have something to compare it to
+SELECT pg_stat_reset();
+ pg_stat_reset 
+---------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset AS db_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_database WHERE datname = (SELECT current_database()) \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_reset();
+ pg_stat_reset 
+---------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT stats_reset > :'db_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_database WHERE datname = (SELECT current_database());
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+----
+-- pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp behavior
+----
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = snapshot;
+-- no snapshot yet, return NULL
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp();
+ pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp 
+--------------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- any attempt at accessing stats will build snapshot
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(0);
+ pg_stat_get_function_calls 
+----------------------------
+                           
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() >= NOW();
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- shows NULL again after clearing
+SELECT pg_stat_clear_snapshot();
+ pg_stat_clear_snapshot 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp();
+ pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp 
+--------------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+----
+-- Changing stats_fetch_consistency in a transaction.
+----
+BEGIN;
+-- Stats filled under the cache mode
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = cache;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(0);
+ pg_stat_get_function_calls 
+----------------------------
+                           
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() IS NOT NULL AS snapshot_ok;
+ snapshot_ok 
+-------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- Success in accessing pre-existing snapshot data.
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = snapshot;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() IS NOT NULL AS snapshot_ok;
+ snapshot_ok 
+-------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(0);
+ pg_stat_get_function_calls 
+----------------------------
+                           
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() IS NOT NULL AS snapshot_ok;
+ snapshot_ok 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Snapshot cleared.
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = none;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() IS NOT NULL AS snapshot_ok;
+ snapshot_ok 
+-------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(0);
+ pg_stat_get_function_calls 
+----------------------------
+                           
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() IS NOT NULL AS snapshot_ok;
+ snapshot_ok 
+-------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+----
+-- pg_stat_have_stats behavior
+----
+-- fixed-numbered stats exist
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('bgwriter', 0, 0);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- unknown stats kinds error out
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('zaphod', 0, 0);
+ERROR:  invalid statistics kind: "zaphod"
+-- db stats have objoid 0
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('database', :dboid, 1);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('database', :dboid, 0);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- pg_stat_have_stats returns true for committed index creation
+CREATE table stats_test_tab1 as select generate_series(1,10) a;
+CREATE index stats_test_idx1 on stats_test_tab1(a);
+SELECT 'stats_test_idx1'::regclass::oid AS stats_test_idx1_oid \gset
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+select a from stats_test_tab1 where a = 3;
+ a 
+---
+ 3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- pg_stat_have_stats returns false for dropped index with stats
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP index stats_test_idx1;
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- pg_stat_have_stats returns false for rolled back index creation
+BEGIN;
+CREATE index stats_test_idx1 on stats_test_tab1(a);
+SELECT 'stats_test_idx1'::regclass::oid AS stats_test_idx1_oid \gset
+select a from stats_test_tab1 where a = 3;
+ a 
+---
+ 3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- pg_stat_have_stats returns true for reindex CONCURRENTLY
+CREATE index stats_test_idx1 on stats_test_tab1(a);
+SELECT 'stats_test_idx1'::regclass::oid AS stats_test_idx1_oid \gset
+select a from stats_test_tab1 where a = 3;
+ a 
+---
+ 3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+REINDEX index CONCURRENTLY stats_test_idx1;
+-- false for previous oid
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- true for new oid
+SELECT 'stats_test_idx1'::regclass::oid AS stats_test_idx1_oid \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- pg_stat_have_stats returns true for a rolled back drop index with stats
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP index stats_test_idx1;
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+ pg_stat_have_stats 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- put enable_seqscan back to on
+SET enable_seqscan TO on;
+-- ensure that stats accessors handle NULL input correctly
+SELECT pg_stat_get_replication_slot(NULL);
+ pg_stat_get_replication_slot 
+------------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_subscription_stats(NULL);
+ pg_stat_get_subscription_stats 
+--------------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- End of Stats Test
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/stats_ext.out b/src/test/regress/expected/stats_ext.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67cae4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/stats_ext.out
@@ -0,0 +1,3277 @@
+-- Generic extended statistics support
+--
+-- Note: tables for which we check estimated row counts should be created
+-- with autovacuum_enabled = off, so that we don't have unstable results
+-- from auto-analyze happening when we didn't expect it.
+--
+-- check the number of estimated/actual rows in the top node
+create function check_estimated_rows(text) returns table (estimated int, actual int)
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+    ln text;
+    tmp text[];
+    first_row bool := true;
+begin
+    for ln in
+        execute format('explain analyze %s', $1)
+    loop
+        if first_row then
+            first_row := false;
+            tmp := regexp_match(ln, 'rows=(\d*) .* rows=(\d*)');
+            return query select tmp[1]::int, tmp[2]::int;
+        end if;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+-- Verify failures
+CREATE TABLE ext_stats_test (x text, y int, z int);
+CREATE STATISTICS tst;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: CREATE STATISTICS tst;
+                             ^
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON a, b;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: CREATE STATISTICS tst ON a, b;
+                                     ^
+CREATE STATISTICS tst FROM sometab;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "FROM"
+LINE 1: CREATE STATISTICS tst FROM sometab;
+                              ^
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON a, b FROM nonexistent;
+ERROR:  relation "nonexistent" does not exist
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON a, b FROM ext_stats_test;
+ERROR:  column "a" does not exist
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON x, x, y FROM ext_stats_test;
+ERROR:  duplicate column name in statistics definition
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON x, x, y, x, x, y, x, x, y FROM ext_stats_test;
+ERROR:  cannot have more than 8 columns in statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON x, x, y, x, x, (x || 'x'), (y + 1), (x || 'x'), (x || 'x'), (y + 1) FROM ext_stats_test;
+ERROR:  cannot have more than 8 columns in statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON (x || 'x'), (x || 'x'), (y + 1), (x || 'x'), (x || 'x'), (y + 1), (x || 'x'), (x || 'x'), (y + 1) FROM ext_stats_test;
+ERROR:  cannot have more than 8 columns in statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON (x || 'x'), (x || 'x'), y FROM ext_stats_test;
+ERROR:  duplicate expression in statistics definition
+CREATE STATISTICS tst (unrecognized) ON x, y FROM ext_stats_test;
+ERROR:  unrecognized statistics kind "unrecognized"
+-- incorrect expressions
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON (y) FROM ext_stats_test; -- single column reference
+ERROR:  extended statistics require at least 2 columns
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON y + z FROM ext_stats_test; -- missing parentheses
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "+"
+LINE 1: CREATE STATISTICS tst ON y + z FROM ext_stats_test;
+                                   ^
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON (x, y) FROM ext_stats_test; -- tuple expression
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ","
+LINE 1: CREATE STATISTICS tst ON (x, y) FROM ext_stats_test;
+                                   ^
+DROP TABLE ext_stats_test;
+-- Ensure stats are dropped sanely, and test IF NOT EXISTS while at it
+CREATE TABLE ab1 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c INTEGER);
+CREATE STATISTICS IF NOT EXISTS ab1_a_b_stats ON a, b FROM ab1;
+COMMENT ON STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats IS 'new comment';
+CREATE ROLE regress_stats_ext;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_stats_ext;
+COMMENT ON STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats IS 'changed comment';
+ERROR:  must be owner of statistics object ab1_a_b_stats
+DROP STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats;
+ERROR:  must be owner of statistics object ab1_a_b_stats
+ALTER STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats RENAME TO ab1_a_b_stats_new;
+ERROR:  must be owner of statistics object ab1_a_b_stats
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP ROLE regress_stats_ext;
+CREATE STATISTICS IF NOT EXISTS ab1_a_b_stats ON a, b FROM ab1;
+NOTICE:  statistics object "ab1_a_b_stats" already exists, skipping
+DROP STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats;
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_2;
+CREATE STATISTICS regress_schema_2.ab1_a_b_stats ON a, b FROM ab1;
+-- Let's also verify the pg_get_statisticsobjdef output looks sane.
+SELECT pg_get_statisticsobjdef(oid) FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxname = 'ab1_a_b_stats';
+                      pg_get_statisticsobjdef                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE STATISTICS regress_schema_2.ab1_a_b_stats ON a, b FROM ab1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP STATISTICS regress_schema_2.ab1_a_b_stats;
+-- Ensure statistics are dropped when columns are
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_b_c_stats ON b, c FROM ab1;
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_a_b_c_stats ON a, b, c FROM ab1;
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_b_a_stats ON b, a FROM ab1;
+ALTER TABLE ab1 DROP COLUMN a;
+\d ab1
+                Table "public.ab1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+ c      | integer |           |          | 
+Statistics objects:
+    "public.ab1_b_c_stats" ON b, c FROM ab1
+
+-- Ensure statistics are dropped when table is
+SELECT stxname FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxname LIKE 'ab1%';
+    stxname    
+---------------
+ ab1_b_c_stats
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE ab1;
+SELECT stxname FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxname LIKE 'ab1%';
+ stxname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Ensure things work sanely with SET STATISTICS 0
+CREATE TABLE ab1 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER);
+ALTER TABLE ab1 ALTER a SET STATISTICS 0;
+INSERT INTO ab1 SELECT a, a%23 FROM generate_series(1, 1000) a;
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats ON a, b FROM ab1;
+ANALYZE ab1;
+WARNING:  statistics object "public.ab1_a_b_stats" could not be computed for relation "public.ab1"
+ALTER TABLE ab1 ALTER a SET STATISTICS -1;
+-- setting statistics target 0 skips the statistics, without printing any message, so check catalog
+ALTER STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats SET STATISTICS 0;
+\d ab1
+                Table "public.ab1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Statistics objects:
+    "public.ab1_a_b_stats" ON a, b FROM ab1; STATISTICS 0
+
+ANALYZE ab1;
+SELECT stxname, stxdndistinct, stxddependencies, stxdmcv, stxdinherit
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s LEFT JOIN pg_statistic_ext_data d ON (d.stxoid = s.oid)
+ WHERE s.stxname = 'ab1_a_b_stats';
+    stxname    | stxdndistinct | stxddependencies | stxdmcv | stxdinherit 
+---------------+---------------+------------------+---------+-------------
+ ab1_a_b_stats |               |                  |         | 
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats SET STATISTICS -1;
+\d+ ab1
+                                    Table "public.ab1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Statistics objects:
+    "public.ab1_a_b_stats" ON a, b FROM ab1
+
+-- partial analyze doesn't build stats either
+ANALYZE ab1 (a);
+WARNING:  statistics object "public.ab1_a_b_stats" could not be computed for relation "public.ab1"
+ANALYZE ab1;
+DROP TABLE ab1;
+ALTER STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats SET STATISTICS 0;
+ERROR:  statistics object "ab1_a_b_stats" does not exist
+ALTER STATISTICS IF EXISTS ab1_a_b_stats SET STATISTICS 0;
+NOTICE:  statistics object "ab1_a_b_stats" does not exist, skipping
+-- Ensure we can build statistics for tables with inheritance.
+CREATE TABLE ab1 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE ab1c () INHERITS (ab1);
+INSERT INTO ab1 VALUES (1,1);
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats ON a, b FROM ab1;
+ANALYZE ab1;
+DROP TABLE ab1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table ab1c
+-- Tests for stats with inheritance
+CREATE TABLE stxdinh(a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE stxdinh1() INHERITS(stxdinh);
+CREATE TABLE stxdinh2() INHERITS(stxdinh);
+INSERT INTO stxdinh SELECT mod(a,50), mod(a,100) FROM generate_series(0, 1999) a;
+INSERT INTO stxdinh1 SELECT mod(a,100), mod(a,100) FROM generate_series(0, 999) a;
+INSERT INTO stxdinh2 SELECT mod(a,100), mod(a,100) FROM generate_series(0, 999) a;
+VACUUM ANALYZE stxdinh, stxdinh1, stxdinh2;
+-- Ensure non-inherited stats are not applied to inherited query
+-- Without stats object, it looks like this
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM stxdinh* GROUP BY 1, 2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       400 |    150
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM stxdinh* WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         3 |     40
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE STATISTICS stxdinh ON a, b FROM stxdinh;
+VACUUM ANALYZE stxdinh, stxdinh1, stxdinh2;
+-- See if the extended stats affect the estimates
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM stxdinh* GROUP BY 1, 2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       150 |    150
+(1 row)
+
+-- Dependencies are applied at individual relations (within append), so
+-- this estimate changes a bit because we improve estimates for the parent
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM stxdinh* WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        22 |     40
+(1 row)
+
+-- Ensure correct (non-inherited) stats are applied to inherited query
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM ONLY stxdinh GROUP BY 1, 2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM ONLY stxdinh WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        20 |     20
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE stxdinh, stxdinh1, stxdinh2;
+-- Ensure inherited stats ARE applied to inherited query in partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE stxdinp(i int, a int, b int) PARTITION BY RANGE (i);
+CREATE TABLE stxdinp1 PARTITION OF stxdinp FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100);
+INSERT INTO stxdinp SELECT 1, a/100, a/100 FROM generate_series(1, 999) a;
+CREATE STATISTICS stxdinp ON (a + 1), a, b FROM stxdinp;
+VACUUM ANALYZE stxdinp; -- partitions are processed recursively
+SELECT 1 FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxrelid = 'stxdinp'::regclass;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM stxdinp GROUP BY 1, 2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        10 |     10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a + 1, b FROM ONLY stxdinp GROUP BY 1, 2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE stxdinp;
+-- basic test for statistics on expressions
+CREATE TABLE ab1 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c TIMESTAMP, d TIMESTAMPTZ);
+-- expression stats may be built on a single expression column
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_1 ON (a+b) FROM ab1;
+-- with a single expression, we only enable expression statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_2 ON (a+b) FROM ab1;
+SELECT stxkind FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxname = 'ab1_exprstat_2';
+ stxkind 
+---------
+ {e}
+(1 row)
+
+-- adding anything to the expression builds all statistics kinds
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_3 ON (a+b), a FROM ab1;
+SELECT stxkind FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxname = 'ab1_exprstat_3';
+  stxkind  
+-----------
+ {d,f,m,e}
+(1 row)
+
+-- date_trunc on timestamptz is not immutable, but that should not matter
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_4 ON date_trunc('day', d) FROM ab1;
+-- date_trunc on timestamp is immutable
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_5 ON date_trunc('day', c) FROM ab1;
+-- check use of a boolean-returning expression
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_6 ON
+  (case a when 1 then true else false end), b FROM ab1;
+-- insert some data and run analyze, to test that these cases build properly
+INSERT INTO ab1
+SELECT x / 10, x / 3,
+    '2020-10-01'::timestamp + x * interval '1 day',
+    '2020-10-01'::timestamptz + x * interval '1 day'
+FROM generate_series(1, 100) x;
+ANALYZE ab1;
+-- apply some stats
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM ab1 WHERE (case a when 1 then true else false end) AND b=2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE ab1;
+-- Verify supported object types for extended statistics
+CREATE schema tststats;
+CREATE TABLE tststats.t (a int, b int, c text);
+CREATE INDEX ti ON tststats.t (a, b);
+CREATE SEQUENCE tststats.s;
+CREATE VIEW tststats.v AS SELECT * FROM tststats.t;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW tststats.mv AS SELECT * FROM tststats.t;
+CREATE TYPE tststats.ty AS (a int, b int, c text);
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER extstats_dummy_fdw;
+CREATE SERVER extstats_dummy_srv FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER extstats_dummy_fdw;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE tststats.f (a int, b int, c text) SERVER extstats_dummy_srv;
+CREATE TABLE tststats.pt (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, b);
+CREATE TABLE tststats.pt1 PARTITION OF tststats.pt FOR VALUES FROM (-10, -10) TO (10, 10);
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s1 ON a, b FROM tststats.t;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s2 ON a, b FROM tststats.ti;
+ERROR:  cannot define statistics for relation "ti"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for indexes.
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s3 ON a, b FROM tststats.s;
+ERROR:  cannot define statistics for relation "s"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for sequences.
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s4 ON a, b FROM tststats.v;
+ERROR:  cannot define statistics for relation "v"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for views.
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s5 ON a, b FROM tststats.mv;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s6 ON a, b FROM tststats.ty;
+ERROR:  cannot define statistics for relation "ty"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for composite types.
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s7 ON a, b FROM tststats.f;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s8 ON a, b FROM tststats.pt;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s9 ON a, b FROM tststats.pt1;
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+	relname text := reltoastrelid::regclass FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'tststats.t'::regclass;
+BEGIN
+	EXECUTE 'CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s10 ON a, b FROM ' || relname;
+EXCEPTION WHEN wrong_object_type THEN
+	RAISE NOTICE 'stats on toast table not created';
+END;
+$$;
+NOTICE:  stats on toast table not created
+DROP SCHEMA tststats CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 7 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table tststats.t
+drop cascades to sequence tststats.s
+drop cascades to view tststats.v
+drop cascades to materialized view tststats.mv
+drop cascades to type tststats.ty
+drop cascades to foreign table tststats.f
+drop cascades to table tststats.pt
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER extstats_dummy_fdw CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to server extstats_dummy_srv
+-- n-distinct tests
+CREATE TABLE ndistinct (
+    filler1 TEXT,
+    filler2 NUMERIC,
+    a INT,
+    b INT,
+    filler3 DATE,
+    c INT,
+    d INT
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+-- over-estimates when using only per-column statistics
+INSERT INTO ndistinct (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT i/100, i/100, i/100, cash_words((i/100)::money)
+       FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+-- Group Aggregate, due to over-estimate of the number of groups
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c, d');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c, d');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (a+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+-- correct command
+CREATE STATISTICS s10 ON a, b, c FROM ndistinct;
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+SELECT s.stxkind, d.stxdndistinct
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxrelid = 'ndistinct'::regclass
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+ stxkind |                    stxdndistinct                    
+---------+-----------------------------------------------------
+ {d,f,m} | {"3, 4": 11, "3, 6": 11, "4, 6": 11, "3, 4, 6": 11}
+(1 row)
+
+-- minor improvement, make sure the ctid does not break the matching
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY ctid, a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1000 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+-- Hash Aggregate, thanks to estimates improved by the statistic
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        11 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        11 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        11 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+-- partial improvement (match on attributes)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (a+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        11 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+-- expressions - no improvement
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        11 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        11 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        11 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+-- last two plans keep using Group Aggregate, because 'd' is not covered
+-- by the statistic and while it's NULL-only we assume 200 values for it
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c, d');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c, d');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |     11
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE ndistinct;
+-- under-estimates when using only per-column statistics
+INSERT INTO ndistinct (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT mod(i,13), mod(i,17), mod(i,19),
+            cash_words(mod(i,23)::int::money)
+       FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+SELECT s.stxkind, d.stxdndistinct
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxrelid = 'ndistinct'::regclass
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+ stxkind |                      stxdndistinct                       
+---------+----------------------------------------------------------
+ {d,f,m} | {"3, 4": 221, "3, 6": 247, "4, 6": 323, "3, 4, 6": 1000}
+(1 row)
+
+-- correct estimates
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       221 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1000 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c, d');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1000 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c, d');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       323 |    323
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, d');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |     13
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (a+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       221 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       221 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1000 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       221 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+DROP STATISTICS s10;
+SELECT s.stxkind, d.stxdndistinct
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxrelid = 'ndistinct'::regclass
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+ stxkind | stxdndistinct 
+---------+---------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- dropping the statistics results in under-estimates
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c, d');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c, d');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    323
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, d');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |     13
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (a+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+-- ndistinct estimates with statistics on expressions
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE STATISTICS s10 (ndistinct) ON (a+1), (b+100), (2*c) FROM ndistinct;
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+SELECT s.stxkind, d.stxdndistinct
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxrelid = 'ndistinct'::regclass
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+ stxkind |                           stxdndistinct                           
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {d,e}   | {"-1, -2": 221, "-1, -3": 247, "-2, -3": 323, "-1, -2, -3": 1000}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       221 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1000 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       221 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+DROP STATISTICS s10;
+-- a mix of attributes and expressions
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (2*c)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    247
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (2*c)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE STATISTICS s10 (ndistinct) ON a, b, (2*c) FROM ndistinct;
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+SELECT s.stxkind, d.stxdndistinct
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxrelid = 'ndistinct'::regclass
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+ stxkind |                        stxdndistinct                        
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ {d,e}   | {"3, 4": 221, "3, -1": 247, "4, -1": 323, "3, 4, -1": 1000}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       221 |    221
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (2*c)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       247 |    247
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (2*c)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1000 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+DROP STATISTICS s10;
+-- combination of multiple ndistinct statistics, with/without expressions
+TRUNCATE ndistinct;
+-- two mostly independent groups of columns
+INSERT INTO ndistinct (a, b, c, d)
+     SELECT mod(i,3), mod(i,9), mod(i,5), mod(i,20)
+       FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        27 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        27 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        27 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        27 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    180
+(1 row)
+
+-- basic statistics on both attributes (no expressions)
+CREATE STATISTICS s11 (ndistinct) ON a, b FROM ndistinct;
+CREATE STATISTICS s12 (ndistinct) ON c, d FROM ndistinct;
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        45 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        45 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    180
+(1 row)
+
+-- replace the second statistics by statistics on expressions
+DROP STATISTICS s12;
+CREATE STATISTICS s12 (ndistinct) ON (c * 10), (d - 1) FROM ndistinct;
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        45 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        45 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    180
+(1 row)
+
+-- replace the second statistics by statistics on both attributes and expressions
+DROP STATISTICS s12;
+CREATE STATISTICS s12 (ndistinct) ON c, d, (c * 10), (d - 1) FROM ndistinct;
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        45 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        45 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    180
+(1 row)
+
+-- replace the other statistics by statistics on both attributes and expressions
+DROP STATISTICS s11;
+CREATE STATISTICS s11 (ndistinct) ON a, b, (a*5), (b+1) FROM ndistinct;
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        45 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        45 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    180
+(1 row)
+
+-- replace statistics by somewhat overlapping ones (this expected to get worse estimate
+-- because the first statistics shall be applied to 3 columns, and the second one can't
+-- be really applied)
+DROP STATISTICS s11;
+DROP STATISTICS s12;
+CREATE STATISTICS s11 (ndistinct) ON a, b, (a*5), (b+1) FROM ndistinct;
+CREATE STATISTICS s12 (ndistinct) ON a, (b+1), (c * 10) FROM ndistinct;
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         9 |      9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        45 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |     45
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    180
+(1 row)
+
+DROP STATISTICS s11;
+DROP STATISTICS s12;
+-- functional dependencies tests
+CREATE TABLE functional_dependencies (
+    filler1 TEXT,
+    filler2 NUMERIC,
+    a INT,
+    b TEXT,
+    filler3 DATE,
+    c INT,
+    d TEXT
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+CREATE INDEX fdeps_ab_idx ON functional_dependencies (a, b);
+CREATE INDEX fdeps_abc_idx ON functional_dependencies (a, b, c);
+-- random data (no functional dependencies)
+INSERT INTO functional_dependencies (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT mod(i, 5), mod(i, 7), mod(i, 11), i FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        29 |     29
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         3 |      3
+(1 row)
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS func_deps_stat (dependencies) ON a, b, c FROM functional_dependencies;
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        29 |     29
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         3 |      3
+(1 row)
+
+-- a => b, a => c, b => c
+TRUNCATE functional_dependencies;
+DROP STATISTICS func_deps_stat;
+-- now do the same thing, but with expressions
+INSERT INTO functional_dependencies (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT i, i, i, i FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE mod(a, 11) = 1 AND mod(b::int, 13) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     35
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE mod(a, 11) = 1 AND mod(b::int, 13) = 1 AND mod(c, 7) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      5
+(1 row)
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS func_deps_stat (dependencies) ON (mod(a,11)), (mod(b::int, 13)), (mod(c, 7)) FROM functional_dependencies;
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE mod(a, 11) = 1 AND mod(b::int, 13) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        35 |     35
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE mod(a, 11) = 1 AND mod(b::int, 13) = 1 AND mod(c, 7) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         5 |      5
+(1 row)
+
+-- a => b, a => c, b => c
+TRUNCATE functional_dependencies;
+DROP STATISTICS func_deps_stat;
+INSERT INTO functional_dependencies (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT mod(i,100), mod(i,50), mod(i,25), i FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+-- IN
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         2 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         4 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         8 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         4 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c IN (1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND c IN (1, 2)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         3 |    400
+(1 row)
+
+-- OR clauses referencing the same attribute
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 51) AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         2 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 51) AND (b = ''1'' OR b = ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         4 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 2 OR a = 51 OR a = 52) AND (b = ''1'' OR b = ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         8 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+-- OR clauses referencing different attributes
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR b = ''1'') AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         3 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+-- ANY
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         2 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         4 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         8 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         3 |    400
+(1 row)
+
+-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a < ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b > ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      2472 |   2400
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a >= ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1441 |   1250
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      3909 |   2550
+(1 row)
+
+-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         2 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS func_deps_stat (dependencies) ON a, b, c FROM functional_dependencies;
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+-- print the detected dependencies
+SELECT dependencies FROM pg_stats_ext WHERE statistics_name = 'func_deps_stat';
+                                                dependencies                                                
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"3 => 4": 1.000000, "3 => 6": 1.000000, "4 => 6": 1.000000, "3, 4 => 6": 1.000000, "3, 6 => 4": 1.000000}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+-- IN
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c IN (1)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND c IN (1, 2)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       400 |    400
+(1 row)
+
+-- OR clauses referencing the same attribute
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 51) AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        99 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 51) AND (b = ''1'' OR b = ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        99 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 2 OR a = 51 OR a = 52) AND (b = ''1'' OR b = ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       197 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+-- OR clauses referencing different attributes are incompatible
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR b = ''1'') AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         3 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+-- ANY
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       400 |    400
+(1 row)
+
+-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a < ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b > ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      2472 |   2400
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a >= ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1441 |   1250
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      3909 |   2550
+(1 row)
+
+-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         2 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+-- changing the type of column c causes all its stats to be dropped, reverting
+-- to default estimates without any statistics, i.e. 0.5% selectivity for each
+-- condition
+ALTER TABLE functional_dependencies ALTER COLUMN c TYPE numeric;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+DROP STATISTICS func_deps_stat;
+-- now try functional dependencies with expressions
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = 2 AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = 2 AND upper(b) = ''1'' AND (c + 1) = 2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+-- IN
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 52, 102, 152) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''26'') AND (c + 1) = 2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 52, 102, 152) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''26'') AND (c + 1) IN (2)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 52, 54, 102, 104, 152, 154) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND (c + 1) IN (2, 3)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    400
+(1 row)
+
+-- OR clauses referencing the same attribute
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 102) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 102) AND (upper(b) = ''1'' OR upper(b) = ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 4 OR (a * 2) = 102 OR (a * 2) = 104) AND (upper(b) = ''1'' OR upper(b) = ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+-- OR clauses referencing different attributes
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR upper(b) = ''1'') AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+-- ANY
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 102, 104]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 52, 102, 152]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND (c + 1) = 2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 52, 102, 152]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND (c + 1) = ANY (ARRAY[2])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 52, 54, 102, 104, 152, 154]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND (c + 1) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    400
+(1 row)
+
+-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
+-- the estimates however improve thanks to having expression statistics
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) < ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) > ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       926 |   2400
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) >= ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1543 |   1250
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) <= ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 102, 104]) AND upper(b) >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      2229 |   2550
+(1 row)
+
+-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+-- create statistics on expressions
+CREATE STATISTICS func_deps_stat (dependencies) ON (a * 2), upper(b), (c + 1) FROM functional_dependencies;
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+-- print the detected dependencies
+SELECT dependencies FROM pg_stats_ext WHERE statistics_name = 'func_deps_stat';
+                                                      dependencies                                                      
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"-1 => -2": 1.000000, "-1 => -3": 1.000000, "-2 => -3": 1.000000, "-1, -2 => -3": 1.000000, "-1, -3 => -2": 1.000000}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = 2 AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = 2 AND upper(b) = ''1'' AND (c + 1) = 2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+-- IN
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 52, 102, 152) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''26'') AND (c + 1) = 2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 52, 102, 152) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''26'') AND (c + 1) IN (2)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 52, 54, 102, 104, 152, 154) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND (c + 1) IN (2, 3)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       400 |    400
+(1 row)
+
+-- OR clauses referencing the same attribute
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 102) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        99 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 102) AND (upper(b) = ''1'' OR upper(b) = ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        99 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 4 OR (a * 2) = 102 OR (a * 2) = 104) AND (upper(b) = ''1'' OR upper(b) = ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       197 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+-- OR clauses referencing different attributes
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR upper(b) = ''1'') AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         3 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+-- ANY
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 102, 104]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 52, 102, 152]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND (c + 1) = 2');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 52, 102, 152]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND (c + 1) = ANY (ARRAY[2])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 52, 54, 102, 104, 152, 154]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND (c + 1) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       400 |    400
+(1 row)
+
+-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
+-- the estimates however improve thanks to having expression statistics
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) < ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) > ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      2472 |   2400
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) >= ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1441 |   1250
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) <= ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 102, 104]) AND upper(b) >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      3909 |   2550
+(1 row)
+
+-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         2 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+-- check the ability to use multiple functional dependencies
+CREATE TABLE functional_dependencies_multi (
+	a INTEGER,
+	b INTEGER,
+	c INTEGER,
+	d INTEGER
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+INSERT INTO functional_dependencies_multi (a, b, c, d)
+    SELECT
+         mod(i,7),
+         mod(i,7),
+         mod(i,11),
+         mod(i,11)
+    FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies_multi;
+-- estimates without any functional dependencies
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       102 |    714
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE 0 = a AND 0 = b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       102 |    714
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE c = 0 AND d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        41 |    454
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0 AND d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     64
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE 0 = a AND b = 0 AND 0 = c AND d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     64
+(1 row)
+
+-- create separate functional dependencies
+CREATE STATISTICS functional_dependencies_multi_1 (dependencies) ON a, b FROM functional_dependencies_multi;
+CREATE STATISTICS functional_dependencies_multi_2 (dependencies) ON c, d FROM functional_dependencies_multi;
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies_multi;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       714 |    714
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE 0 = a AND 0 = b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       714 |    714
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE c = 0 AND d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       454 |    454
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0 AND d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        65 |     64
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE 0 = a AND b = 0 AND 0 = c AND d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        65 |     64
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE functional_dependencies_multi;
+-- MCV lists
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists (
+    filler1 TEXT,
+    filler2 NUMERIC,
+    a INT,
+    b VARCHAR,
+    filler3 DATE,
+    c INT,
+    d TEXT,
+    ia INT[]
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+-- random data (no MCV list)
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT mod(i,37), mod(i,41), mod(i,43), mod(i,47) FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         3 |      4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c FROM mcv_lists;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         3 |      4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats;
+-- random data (no MCV list), but with expression
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT i, i, i, i FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,7) = 1 AND mod(b::int,11) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     13
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,7) = 1 AND mod(b::int,11) = 1 AND mod(c,13) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON (mod(a,7)), (mod(b::int,11)), (mod(c,13)) FROM mcv_lists;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,7) = 1 AND mod(b::int,11) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        13 |     13
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,7) = 1 AND mod(b::int,11) = 1 AND mod(c,13) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      1
+(1 row)
+
+-- 100 distinct combinations, all in the MCV list
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats;
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, ia, filler1)
+     SELECT mod(i,100), mod(i,50), mod(i,25), array[mod(i,25)], i
+       FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 = a AND ''1'' = b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 1 AND b < ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 > a AND ''1'' > b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= 0 AND b <= ''0''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 0 >= a AND ''0'' >= b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 5 AND b < ''1'' AND c < 5');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 5 AND ''1'' > b AND 5 > c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= 4 AND b <= ''0'' AND c <= 4');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 4 >= a AND ''0'' >= b AND 4 >= c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       343 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       343 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         8 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52, NULL) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'', NULL)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         8 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         8 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[NULL, 1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', NULL])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         8 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        26 |    150
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, NULL, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', NULL, ''3'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        26 |    150
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        10 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3, NULL])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        10 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', NULL, ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, NULL, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[4,5]) AND 4 = ANY(ia)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         4 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c, ia FROM mcv_lists;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 = a AND ''1'' = b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 1 AND b < ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 > a AND ''1'' > b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= 0 AND b <= ''0''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 0 >= a AND ''0'' >= b');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 5 AND b < ''1'' AND c < 5');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 5 AND ''1'' > b AND 5 > c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= 4 AND b <= ''0'' AND c <= 4');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 4 >= a AND ''0'' >= b AND 4 >= c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52, NULL) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'', NULL)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[NULL, 1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', NULL])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       150 |    150
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, NULL, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', NULL, ''3'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       150 |    150
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3, NULL])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', NULL, ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, NULL, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[4,5]) AND 4 = ANY(ia)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         4 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+-- check change of unrelated column type does not reset the MCV statistics
+ALTER TABLE mcv_lists ALTER COLUMN d TYPE VARCHAR(64);
+SELECT d.stxdmcv IS NOT NULL
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxname = 'mcv_lists_stats'
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- check change of column type resets the MCV statistics
+ALTER TABLE mcv_lists ALTER COLUMN c TYPE numeric;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+-- 100 distinct combinations, all in the MCV list, but with expressions
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats;
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT i, i, i, i FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+-- without any stats on the expressions, we have to use default selectivities, which
+-- is why the estimates here are different from the pre-computed case above
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 = mod(a,20) AND 1 = mod(b::int,10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < 1 AND mod(b::int,10) < 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       111 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 > mod(a,20) AND 1 > mod(b::int,10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       111 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1 AND mod(c,5) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 OR mod(b::int,10) = 1 OR mod(c,25) = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        15 |    120
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) IN (1, 2, 51, 52, NULL) AND mod(b::int,10) IN ( 1, 2, NULL)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND mod(b::int,10) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) <= ANY (ARRAY[1, NULL, 2, 3]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, NULL, 3)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        11 |    150
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, 3) AND mod(c,5) > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+-- create statistics with expressions only (we create three separate stats, in order not to build more complex extended stats)
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_1 ON (mod(a,20)) FROM mcv_lists;
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_2 ON (mod(b::int,10)) FROM mcv_lists;
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_3 ON (mod(c,5)) FROM mcv_lists;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         5 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 = mod(a,20) AND 1 = mod(b::int,10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         5 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < 1 AND mod(b::int,10) < 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         5 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 > mod(a,20) AND 1 > mod(b::int,10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         5 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1 AND mod(c,5) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 OR mod(b::int,10) = 1 OR mod(c,25) = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       149 |    120
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) IN (1, 2, 51, 52, NULL) AND mod(b::int,10) IN ( 1, 2, NULL)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        20 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND mod(b::int,10) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        20 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) <= ANY (ARRAY[1, NULL, 2, 3]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, NULL, 3)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       116 |    150
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, 3) AND mod(c,5) > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        12 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_1;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_2;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_3;
+-- create statistics with both MCV and expressions
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON (mod(a,20)), (mod(b::int,10)), (mod(c,5)) FROM mcv_lists;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 = mod(a,20) AND 1 = mod(b::int,10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < 1 AND mod(b::int,10) < 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 > mod(a,20) AND 1 > mod(b::int,10)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1 AND mod(c,5) = 1');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 OR mod(b::int,10) = 1 OR mod(c,25) = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       105 |    120
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) IN (1, 2, 51, 52, NULL) AND mod(b::int,10) IN ( 1, 2, NULL)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND mod(b::int,10) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) <= ANY (ARRAY[1, NULL, 2, 3]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, NULL, 3)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       150 |    150
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, 3) AND mod(c,5) > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+-- we can't use the statistic for OR clauses that are not fully covered (missing 'd' attribute)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 OR mod(b::int,10) = 1 OR mod(c,5) = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+-- 100 distinct combinations with NULL values, all in the MCV list
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats;
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,100) = 1 THEN NULL ELSE mod(i,100) END),
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,50) = 1  THEN NULL ELSE mod(i,50) END),
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,25) = 1  THEN NULL ELSE mod(i,25) END),
+         i
+     FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NULL AND c IS NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NOT NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        49 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NOT NULL AND b IS NULL AND c IS NOT NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        95 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (0, 1) AND b IN (''0'', ''1'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c FROM mcv_lists;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NULL AND c IS NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NOT NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NOT NULL AND b IS NULL AND c IS NOT NULL');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (0, 1) AND b IN (''0'', ''1'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+-- test pg_mcv_list_items with a very simple (single item) MCV list
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c) SELECT 1, 2, 3 FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT m.*
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d,
+       pg_mcv_list_items(d.stxdmcv) m
+ WHERE s.stxname = 'mcv_lists_stats'
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+ index | values  |  nulls  | frequency | base_frequency 
+-------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------
+     0 | {1,2,3} | {f,f,f} |         1 |              1
+(1 row)
+
+-- 2 distinct combinations with NULL values, all in the MCV list
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats;
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, d)
+     SELECT
+         NULL, -- always NULL
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,2) = 0 THEN NULL ELSE 'x' END),
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,2) = 0 THEN NULL ELSE 0 END),
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,2) = 0 THEN NULL ELSE 'x' END)
+     FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE b = ''x'' OR d = ''x''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      3750 |   2500
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''x'' OR d = ''x''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      3750 |   2500
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND (b = ''x'' OR d = ''x'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      3750 |   2500
+(1 row)
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON a, b, d FROM mcv_lists;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+-- test pg_mcv_list_items with MCV list containing variable-length data and NULLs
+SELECT m.*
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d,
+       pg_mcv_list_items(d.stxdmcv) m
+ WHERE s.stxname = 'mcv_lists_stats'
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+ index |      values      |  nulls  | frequency | base_frequency 
+-------+------------------+---------+-----------+----------------
+     0 | {NULL,x,x}       | {t,f,f} |       0.5 |           0.25
+     1 | {NULL,NULL,NULL} | {t,t,t} |       0.5 |           0.25
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE b = ''x'' OR d = ''x''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      2500 |   2500
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''x'' OR d = ''x''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      2500 |   2500
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND (b = ''x'' OR d = ''x'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      2500 |   2500
+(1 row)
+
+-- mcv with pass-by-ref fixlen types, e.g. uuid
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists_uuid (
+    a UUID,
+    b UUID,
+    c UUID
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_uuid (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         md5(mod(i,100)::text)::uuid,
+         md5(mod(i,50)::text)::uuid,
+         md5(mod(i,25)::text)::uuid
+     FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_uuid;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_uuid WHERE a = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND b = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_uuid WHERE a = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND b = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND c = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_uuid_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c
+  FROM mcv_lists_uuid;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_uuid;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_uuid WHERE a = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND b = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_uuid WHERE a = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND b = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND c = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        50 |     50
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE mcv_lists_uuid;
+-- mcv with arrays
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists_arrays (
+    a TEXT[],
+    b NUMERIC[],
+    c INT[]
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_arrays (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         ARRAY[md5((i/100)::text), md5((i/100-1)::text), md5((i/100+1)::text)],
+         ARRAY[(i/100-1)::numeric/1000, (i/100)::numeric/1000, (i/100+1)::numeric/1000],
+         ARRAY[(i/100-1), i/100, (i/100+1)]
+     FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_arrays_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c
+  FROM mcv_lists_arrays;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_arrays;
+-- mcv with bool
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists_bool (
+    a BOOL,
+    b BOOL,
+    c BOOL
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_bool (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         (mod(i,2) = 0), (mod(i,4) = 0), (mod(i,8) = 0)
+     FROM generate_series(1,10000) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_bool;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE a AND b AND c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       156 |   1250
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND b AND c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       156 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND NOT b AND c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       469 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND b AND NOT c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1094 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_bool_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c
+  FROM mcv_lists_bool;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_bool;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE a AND b AND c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1250 |   1250
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND b AND c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND NOT b AND c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND b AND NOT c');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+-- mcv covering just a small fraction of data
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists_partial (
+    a INT,
+    b INT,
+    c INT
+);
+-- 10 frequent groups, each with 100 elements
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_partial (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         mod(i,10),
+         mod(i,10),
+         mod(i,10)
+     FROM generate_series(0,999) s(i);
+-- 100 groups that will make it to the MCV list (includes the 10 frequent ones)
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_partial (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         i,
+         i,
+         i
+     FROM generate_series(0,99) s(i);
+-- 4000 groups in total, most of which won't make it (just a single item)
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_partial (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         i,
+         i,
+         i
+     FROM generate_series(0,3999) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_partial;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    102
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       300 |    102
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 10 AND b = 10 AND c = 10');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 10 OR b = 10 OR c = 10');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         6 |      2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 10');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 10');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       204 |    104
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0) OR (a = 1 AND b = 1 AND c = 1) OR (a = 2 AND b = 2 AND c = 2)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    306
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0) OR (a = 0 AND c = 0) OR (b = 0 AND c = 0)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         6 |    102
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_partial_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c
+  FROM mcv_lists_partial;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_partial;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       102 |    102
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        96 |    102
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 10 AND b = 10 AND c = 10');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         2 |      2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 10 OR b = 10 OR c = 10');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         2 |      2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 10');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 10');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       102 |    104
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0) OR (a = 1 AND b = 1 AND c = 1) OR (a = 2 AND b = 2 AND c = 2)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       306 |    306
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0) OR (a = 0 AND c = 0) OR (b = 0 AND c = 0)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       108 |    102
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE mcv_lists_partial;
+-- check the ability to use multiple MCV lists
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists_multi (
+	a INTEGER,
+	b INTEGER,
+	c INTEGER,
+	d INTEGER
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_multi (a, b, c, d)
+    SELECT
+         mod(i,5),
+         mod(i,5),
+         mod(i,7),
+         mod(i,7)
+    FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_multi;
+-- estimates without any mcv statistics
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE c = 0 AND d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       102 |    714
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE b = 0 AND c = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       143 |    142
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE b = 0 OR c = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1571 |   1572
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0 AND d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         4 |    142
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0) OR (c = 0 AND d = 0)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       298 |   1572
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 0 OR d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      2649 |   1572
+(1 row)
+
+-- create separate MCV statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_multi_1 (mcv) ON a, b FROM mcv_lists_multi;
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_multi_2 (mcv) ON c, d FROM mcv_lists_multi;
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_multi;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1000 |   1000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE c = 0 AND d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       714 |    714
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE b = 0 AND c = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       143 |    142
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE b = 0 OR c = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1571 |   1572
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0 AND d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       143 |    142
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0) OR (c = 0 AND d = 0)');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1571 |   1572
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 0 OR d = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+      1571 |   1572
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE mcv_lists_multi;
+-- statistics on integer expressions
+CREATE TABLE expr_stats (a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO expr_stats SELECT mod(i,10), mod(i,10), mod(i,10) FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE (2*a) = 0 AND (3*b) = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE (a+b) = 0 AND (a-b) = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE STATISTICS expr_stats_1 (mcv) ON (a+b), (a-b), (2*a), (3*b) FROM expr_stats;
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE (2*a) = 0 AND (3*b) = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE (a+b) = 0 AND (a-b) = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+DROP STATISTICS expr_stats_1;
+DROP TABLE expr_stats;
+-- statistics on a mix columns and expressions
+CREATE TABLE expr_stats (a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO expr_stats SELECT mod(i,10), mod(i,10), mod(i,10) FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND (2*a) = 0 AND (3*b) = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 3 AND b = 3 AND (a-b) = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND b = 1 AND (a-b) = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE STATISTICS expr_stats_1 (mcv) ON a, b, (2*a), (3*b), (a+b), (a-b) FROM expr_stats;
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND (2*a) = 0 AND (3*b) = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 3 AND b = 3 AND (a-b) = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND b = 1 AND (a-b) = 0');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |      0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE expr_stats;
+-- statistics on expressions with different data types
+CREATE TABLE expr_stats (a int, b name, c text);
+INSERT INTO expr_stats SELECT mod(i,10), md5(mod(i,10)::text), md5(mod(i,10)::text) FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND (b || c) <= ''z'' AND (c || b) >= ''0''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        11 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE STATISTICS expr_stats_1 (mcv) ON a, b, (b || c), (c || b) FROM expr_stats;
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND (b || c) <= ''z'' AND (c || b) >= ''0''');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE expr_stats;
+-- test handling of a mix of compatible and incompatible expressions
+CREATE TABLE expr_stats_incompatible_test (
+    c0 double precision,
+    c1 boolean NOT NULL
+);
+CREATE STATISTICS expr_stat_comp_1 ON c0, c1 FROM expr_stats_incompatible_test;
+INSERT INTO expr_stats_incompatible_test VALUES (1234,false), (5678,true);
+ANALYZE expr_stats_incompatible_test;
+SELECT c0 FROM ONLY expr_stats_incompatible_test WHERE
+(
+  upper('x') LIKE ('x'||('[0,1]'::int4range))
+  AND
+  (c0 IN (0, 1) OR c1)
+);
+ c0 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE expr_stats_incompatible_test;
+-- Permission tests. Users should not be able to see specific data values in
+-- the extended statistics, if they lack permission to see those values in
+-- the underlying table.
+--
+-- Currently this is only relevant for MCV stats.
+CREATE SCHEMA tststats;
+CREATE TABLE tststats.priv_test_tbl (
+    a int,
+    b int
+);
+INSERT INTO tststats.priv_test_tbl
+     SELECT mod(i,5), mod(i,10) FROM generate_series(1,100) s(i);
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.priv_test_stats (mcv) ON a, b
+  FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl;
+ANALYZE tststats.priv_test_tbl;
+-- Check printing info about extended statistics by \dX
+create table stts_t1 (a int, b int);
+create statistics stts_1 (ndistinct) on a, b from stts_t1;
+create statistics stts_2 (ndistinct, dependencies) on a, b from stts_t1;
+create statistics stts_3 (ndistinct, dependencies, mcv) on a, b from stts_t1;
+create table stts_t2 (a int, b int, c int);
+create statistics stts_4 on b, c from stts_t2;
+create table stts_t3 (col1 int, col2 int, col3 int);
+create statistics stts_hoge on col1, col2, col3 from stts_t3;
+create schema stts_s1;
+create schema stts_s2;
+create statistics stts_s1.stts_foo on col1, col2 from stts_t3;
+create statistics stts_s2.stts_yama (dependencies, mcv) on col1, col3 from stts_t3;
+insert into stts_t1 select i,i from generate_series(1,100) i;
+analyze stts_t1;
+set search_path to public, stts_s1, stts_s2, tststats;
+\dX
+                                                        List of extended statistics
+  Schema  |          Name          |                            Definition                            | Ndistinct | Dependencies |   MCV   
+----------+------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+---------
+ public   | func_deps_stat         | (a * 2), upper(b), (c + 1::numeric) FROM functional_dependencies |           | defined      | 
+ public   | mcv_lists_arrays_stats | a, b, c FROM mcv_lists_arrays                                    |           |              | defined
+ public   | mcv_lists_bool_stats   | a, b, c FROM mcv_lists_bool                                      |           |              | defined
+ public   | mcv_lists_stats        | a, b, d FROM mcv_lists                                           |           |              | defined
+ public   | stts_1                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   |              | 
+ public   | stts_2                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   | defined      | 
+ public   | stts_3                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   | defined      | defined
+ public   | stts_4                 | b, c FROM stts_t2                                                | defined   | defined      | defined
+ public   | stts_hoge              | col1, col2, col3 FROM stts_t3                                    | defined   | defined      | defined
+ stts_s1  | stts_foo               | col1, col2 FROM stts_t3                                          | defined   | defined      | defined
+ stts_s2  | stts_yama              | col1, col3 FROM stts_t3                                          |           | defined      | defined
+ tststats | priv_test_stats        | a, b FROM priv_test_tbl                                          |           |              | defined
+(12 rows)
+
+\dX stts_?
+                       List of extended statistics
+ Schema |  Name  |    Definition     | Ndistinct | Dependencies |   MCV   
+--------+--------+-------------------+-----------+--------------+---------
+ public | stts_1 | a, b FROM stts_t1 | defined   |              | 
+ public | stts_2 | a, b FROM stts_t1 | defined   | defined      | 
+ public | stts_3 | a, b FROM stts_t1 | defined   | defined      | defined
+ public | stts_4 | b, c FROM stts_t2 | defined   | defined      | defined
+(4 rows)
+
+\dX *stts_hoge
+                               List of extended statistics
+ Schema |   Name    |          Definition           | Ndistinct | Dependencies |   MCV   
+--------+-----------+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------+---------
+ public | stts_hoge | col1, col2, col3 FROM stts_t3 | defined   | defined      | defined
+(1 row)
+
+\dX+
+                                                        List of extended statistics
+  Schema  |          Name          |                            Definition                            | Ndistinct | Dependencies |   MCV   
+----------+------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+---------
+ public   | func_deps_stat         | (a * 2), upper(b), (c + 1::numeric) FROM functional_dependencies |           | defined      | 
+ public   | mcv_lists_arrays_stats | a, b, c FROM mcv_lists_arrays                                    |           |              | defined
+ public   | mcv_lists_bool_stats   | a, b, c FROM mcv_lists_bool                                      |           |              | defined
+ public   | mcv_lists_stats        | a, b, d FROM mcv_lists                                           |           |              | defined
+ public   | stts_1                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   |              | 
+ public   | stts_2                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   | defined      | 
+ public   | stts_3                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   | defined      | defined
+ public   | stts_4                 | b, c FROM stts_t2                                                | defined   | defined      | defined
+ public   | stts_hoge              | col1, col2, col3 FROM stts_t3                                    | defined   | defined      | defined
+ stts_s1  | stts_foo               | col1, col2 FROM stts_t3                                          | defined   | defined      | defined
+ stts_s2  | stts_yama              | col1, col3 FROM stts_t3                                          |           | defined      | defined
+ tststats | priv_test_stats        | a, b FROM priv_test_tbl                                          |           |              | defined
+(12 rows)
+
+\dX+ stts_?
+                       List of extended statistics
+ Schema |  Name  |    Definition     | Ndistinct | Dependencies |   MCV   
+--------+--------+-------------------+-----------+--------------+---------
+ public | stts_1 | a, b FROM stts_t1 | defined   |              | 
+ public | stts_2 | a, b FROM stts_t1 | defined   | defined      | 
+ public | stts_3 | a, b FROM stts_t1 | defined   | defined      | defined
+ public | stts_4 | b, c FROM stts_t2 | defined   | defined      | defined
+(4 rows)
+
+\dX+ *stts_hoge
+                               List of extended statistics
+ Schema |   Name    |          Definition           | Ndistinct | Dependencies |   MCV   
+--------+-----------+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------+---------
+ public | stts_hoge | col1, col2, col3 FROM stts_t3 | defined   | defined      | defined
+(1 row)
+
+\dX+ stts_s2.stts_yama
+                            List of extended statistics
+ Schema  |   Name    |       Definition        | Ndistinct | Dependencies |   MCV   
+---------+-----------+-------------------------+-----------+--------------+---------
+ stts_s2 | stts_yama | col1, col3 FROM stts_t3 |           | defined      | defined
+(1 row)
+
+set search_path to public, stts_s1;
+\dX
+                                                       List of extended statistics
+ Schema  |          Name          |                            Definition                            | Ndistinct | Dependencies |   MCV   
+---------+------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+---------
+ public  | func_deps_stat         | (a * 2), upper(b), (c + 1::numeric) FROM functional_dependencies |           | defined      | 
+ public  | mcv_lists_arrays_stats | a, b, c FROM mcv_lists_arrays                                    |           |              | defined
+ public  | mcv_lists_bool_stats   | a, b, c FROM mcv_lists_bool                                      |           |              | defined
+ public  | mcv_lists_stats        | a, b, d FROM mcv_lists                                           |           |              | defined
+ public  | stts_1                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   |              | 
+ public  | stts_2                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   | defined      | 
+ public  | stts_3                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   | defined      | defined
+ public  | stts_4                 | b, c FROM stts_t2                                                | defined   | defined      | defined
+ public  | stts_hoge              | col1, col2, col3 FROM stts_t3                                    | defined   | defined      | defined
+ stts_s1 | stts_foo               | col1, col2 FROM stts_t3                                          | defined   | defined      | defined
+(10 rows)
+
+create role regress_stats_ext nosuperuser;
+set role regress_stats_ext;
+\dX
+                                                       List of extended statistics
+ Schema |          Name          |                            Definition                            | Ndistinct | Dependencies |   MCV   
+--------+------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+---------
+ public | func_deps_stat         | (a * 2), upper(b), (c + 1::numeric) FROM functional_dependencies |           | defined      | 
+ public | mcv_lists_arrays_stats | a, b, c FROM mcv_lists_arrays                                    |           |              | defined
+ public | mcv_lists_bool_stats   | a, b, c FROM mcv_lists_bool                                      |           |              | defined
+ public | mcv_lists_stats        | a, b, d FROM mcv_lists                                           |           |              | defined
+ public | stts_1                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   |              | 
+ public | stts_2                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   | defined      | 
+ public | stts_3                 | a, b FROM stts_t1                                                | defined   | defined      | defined
+ public | stts_4                 | b, c FROM stts_t2                                                | defined   | defined      | defined
+ public | stts_hoge              | col1, col2, col3 FROM stts_t3                                    | defined   | defined      | defined
+(9 rows)
+
+reset role;
+drop table stts_t1, stts_t2, stts_t3;
+drop schema stts_s1, stts_s2 cascade;
+drop user regress_stats_ext;
+reset search_path;
+-- User with no access
+CREATE USER regress_stats_user1;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA tststats TO regress_stats_user1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_stats_user1;
+SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl; -- Permission denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for table priv_test_tbl
+-- Check individual columns if we don't have table privilege
+SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl
+  WHERE a = 1 and tststats.priv_test_tbl.* > (1, 1) is not null;
+ERROR:  permission denied for table priv_test_tbl
+-- Attempt to gain access using a leaky operator
+CREATE FUNCTION op_leak(int, int) RETURNS bool
+    AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''op_leak => %, %'', $1, $2; RETURN $1 < $2; END'
+    LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE OPERATOR <<< (procedure = op_leak, leftarg = int, rightarg = int,
+                     restrict = scalarltsel);
+SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Permission denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for table priv_test_tbl
+DELETE FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Permission denied
+ERROR:  permission denied for table priv_test_tbl
+-- Grant access via a security barrier view, but hide all data
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE VIEW tststats.priv_test_view WITH (security_barrier=true)
+    AS SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl WHERE false;
+GRANT SELECT, DELETE ON tststats.priv_test_view TO regress_stats_user1;
+-- Should now have access via the view, but see nothing and leak nothing
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_stats_user1;
+SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_view WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Should not leak
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM tststats.priv_test_view WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Should not leak
+-- Grant table access, but hide all data with RLS
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+ALTER TABLE tststats.priv_test_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT SELECT, DELETE ON tststats.priv_test_tbl TO regress_stats_user1;
+-- Should now have direct table access, but see nothing and leak nothing
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_stats_user1;
+SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Should not leak
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Should not leak
+-- Tidy up
+DROP OPERATOR <<< (int, int);
+DROP FUNCTION op_leak(int, int);
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP SCHEMA tststats CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table tststats.priv_test_tbl
+drop cascades to view tststats.priv_test_view
+DROP USER regress_stats_user1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out b/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b72120d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2668 @@
+--
+-- STRINGS
+-- Test various data entry syntaxes.
+--
+-- SQL string continuation syntax
+-- E021-03 character string literals
+SELECT 'first line'
+' - next line'
+	' - third line'
+	AS "Three lines to one";
+         Three lines to one          
+-------------------------------------
+ first line - next line - third line
+(1 row)
+
+-- illegal string continuation syntax
+SELECT 'first line'
+' - next line' /* this comment is not allowed here */
+' - third line'
+	AS "Illegal comment within continuation";
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "' - third line'"
+LINE 3: ' - third line'
+        ^
+-- Unicode escapes
+SET standard_conforming_strings TO on;
+SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
+ data 
+------
+ data
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061" UESCAPE '*';
+ dat\+000061 
+-------------
+ dat\+000061
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT U&'a\\b' AS "a\b";
+ a\b 
+-----
+ a\b
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
+ tricky 
+--------
+  \
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'tricky' AS U&"\" UESCAPE '!';
+   \    
+--------
+ tricky
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode escape
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
+                         ^
+HINT:  Unicode escapes must be \XXXX or \+XXXXXX.
+SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode escape
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
+                         ^
+HINT:  Unicode escapes must be \XXXX or \+XXXXXX.
+SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE +;
+ERROR:  UESCAPE must be followed by a simple string literal at or near "+"
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE +;
+                                        ^
+SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode escape character at or near "'+'"
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
+                                        ^
+SELECT U&'wrong: \db99';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99';
+                              ^
+SELECT U&'wrong: \db99xy';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99xy';
+                              ^
+SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\\';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\\';
+                              ^
+SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\0061';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\0061';
+                              ^
+SELECT U&'wrong: \+00db99\+000061';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+00db99\+000061';
+                                 ^
+SELECT U&'wrong: \+2FFFFF';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode escape value
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+2FFFFF';
+                         ^
+-- while we're here, check the same cases in E-style literals
+SELECT E'd\u0061t\U00000061' AS "data";
+ data 
+------
+ data
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'a\\b' AS "a\b";
+ a\b 
+-----
+ a\b
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'wrong: \u061';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode escape
+LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \u061';
+                        ^
+HINT:  Unicode escapes must be \uXXXX or \UXXXXXXXX.
+SELECT E'wrong: \U0061';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode escape
+LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \U0061';
+                        ^
+HINT:  Unicode escapes must be \uXXXX or \UXXXXXXXX.
+SELECT E'wrong: \udb99';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "'"
+LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99';
+                              ^
+SELECT E'wrong: \udb99xy';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "x"
+LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99xy';
+                              ^
+SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\\';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "\"
+LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\\';
+                              ^
+SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\u0061';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "\u0061"
+LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\u0061';
+                              ^
+SELECT E'wrong: \U0000db99\U00000061';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "\U00000061"
+LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \U0000db99\U00000061';
+                                  ^
+SELECT E'wrong: \U002FFFFF';
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode escape value at or near "\U002FFFFF"
+LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \U002FFFFF';
+                        ^
+SET standard_conforming_strings TO off;
+SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
+ERROR:  unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
+               ^
+DETAIL:  String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
+SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061" UESCAPE '*';
+ERROR:  unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061...
+               ^
+DETAIL:  String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
+SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
+ERROR:  unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
+LINE 1: SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
+               ^
+DETAIL:  String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
+SELECT 'tricky' AS U&"\" UESCAPE '!';
+   \    
+--------
+ tricky
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
+ERROR:  unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
+               ^
+DETAIL:  String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
+SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
+ERROR:  unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
+               ^
+DETAIL:  String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
+SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
+ERROR:  unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
+LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
+               ^
+DETAIL:  String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
+RESET standard_conforming_strings;
+-- bytea
+SET bytea_output TO hex;
+SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEf'::bytea;
+   bytea    
+------------
+ \xdeadbeef
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'\\x De Ad Be Ef '::bytea;
+   bytea    
+------------
+ \xdeadbeef
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeE'::bytea;
+ERROR:  invalid hexadecimal data: odd number of digits
+LINE 1: SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeE'::bytea;
+               ^
+SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEx'::bytea;
+ERROR:  invalid hexadecimal digit: "x"
+LINE 1: SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEx'::bytea;
+               ^
+SELECT E'\\xDe00BeEf'::bytea;
+   bytea    
+------------
+ \xde00beef
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'DeAdBeEf'::bytea;
+       bytea        
+--------------------
+ \x4465416442654566
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'De\\000dBeEf'::bytea;
+       bytea        
+--------------------
+ \x4465006442654566
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'De\123dBeEf'::bytea;
+       bytea        
+--------------------
+ \x4465536442654566
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'De\\123dBeEf'::bytea;
+       bytea        
+--------------------
+ \x4465536442654566
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'De\\678dBeEf'::bytea;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type bytea
+LINE 1: SELECT E'De\\678dBeEf'::bytea;
+               ^
+SET bytea_output TO escape;
+SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEf'::bytea;
+      bytea       
+------------------
+ \336\255\276\357
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'\\x De Ad Be Ef '::bytea;
+      bytea       
+------------------
+ \336\255\276\357
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'\\xDe00BeEf'::bytea;
+      bytea       
+------------------
+ \336\000\276\357
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'DeAdBeEf'::bytea;
+  bytea   
+----------
+ DeAdBeEf
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'De\\000dBeEf'::bytea;
+    bytea    
+-------------
+ De\000dBeEf
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'De\\123dBeEf'::bytea;
+  bytea   
+----------
+ DeSdBeEf
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test conversions between various string types
+-- E021-10 implicit casting among the character data types
+--
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL;
+ text(char) 
+------------
+ a
+ ab
+ abcd
+ abcd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
+ text(varchar) 
+---------------
+ a
+ ab
+ abcd
+ abcd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS text) AS "text(name)";
+ text(name) 
+------------
+ namefield
+(1 row)
+
+-- since this is an explicit cast, it should truncate w/o error:
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
+ char(text) 
+------------
+ doh!      
+ hi de ho n
+(2 rows)
+
+-- note: implicit-cast case is tested in char.sql
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(20)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
+      char(text)      
+----------------------
+ doh!                
+ hi de ho neighbor   
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
+ char(varchar) 
+---------------
+ a         
+ ab        
+ abcd      
+ abcd      
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS char(10)) AS "char(name)";
+ char(name) 
+------------
+ namefield 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
+   varchar(text)   
+-------------------
+ doh!
+ hi de ho neighbor
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL;
+ varchar(char) 
+---------------
+ a
+ ab
+ abcd
+ abcd
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS varchar) AS "varchar(name)";
+ varchar(name) 
+---------------
+ namefield
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test SQL string functions
+-- E### and T### are feature reference numbers from SQL99
+--
+-- E021-09 trim function
+SELECT TRIM(BOTH FROM '  bunch o blanks  ') = 'bunch o blanks' AS "bunch o blanks";
+ bunch o blanks 
+----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT TRIM(LEADING FROM '  bunch o blanks  ') = 'bunch o blanks  ' AS "bunch o blanks  ";
+ bunch o blanks   
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT TRIM(TRAILING FROM '  bunch o blanks  ') = '  bunch o blanks' AS "  bunch o blanks";
+   bunch o blanks 
+------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT TRIM(BOTH 'x' FROM 'xxxxxsome Xsxxxxx') = 'some Xs' AS "some Xs";
+ some Xs 
+---------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- E021-06 substring expression
+SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 3) = '34567890' AS "34567890";
+ 34567890 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 4 FOR 3) = '456' AS "456";
+ 456 
+-----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- test overflow cases
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "tring";
+ tring 
+-------
+ tring
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "string";
+ string 
+--------
+ string
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
+ERROR:  negative substring length not allowed
+-- T581 regular expression substring (with SQL's bizarre regexp syntax)
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"(b_d)#"%' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcd";
+ bcd 
+-----
+ bcd
+(1 row)
+
+-- obsolete SQL99 syntax
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'a#"(b_d)#"%' FOR '#') AS "bcd";
+ bcd 
+-----
+ bcd
+(1 row)
+
+-- No match should return NULL
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR '#"(b_d)#"%' ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Null inputs should return NULL
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR '%' ESCAPE NULL) IS NULL AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING(NULL SIMILAR '%' ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR NULL ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
+ True 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- The first and last parts should act non-greedy
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
+ bcdef 
+-------
+ bcdef
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a*#"%#"g*' ESCAPE '#') AS "abcdefg";
+ abcdefg 
+---------
+ abcdefg
+(1 row)
+
+-- Vertical bar in any part affects only that part
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a|b#"%#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
+ bcdef 
+-------
+ bcdef
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%#"x|g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
+ bcdef 
+-------
+ bcdef
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%|ab#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
+ bcdef 
+-------
+ bcdef
+(1 row)
+
+-- Can't have more than two part separators
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a*#"%#"g*#"x' ESCAPE '#') AS "error";
+ERROR:  SQL regular expression may not contain more than two escape-double-quote separators
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "substring" statement 1
+-- Postgres extension: with 0 or 1 separator, assume parts 1 and 3 are empty
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdefg";
+ bcdefg 
+--------
+ bcdefg
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a%g' ESCAPE '#') AS "abcdefg";
+ abcdefg 
+---------
+ abcdefg
+(1 row)
+
+-- substring() with just two arguments is not allowed by SQL spec;
+-- we accept it, but we interpret the pattern as a POSIX regexp not SQL
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'c.e') AS "cde";
+ cde 
+-----
+ cde
+(1 row)
+
+-- With a parenthesized subexpression, return only what matches the subexpr
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'b(.*)f') AS "cde";
+ cde 
+-----
+ cde
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
+SELECT SUBSTRING('foo' FROM 'foo(bar)?') IS NULL AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check behavior of SIMILAR TO, which uses largely the same regexp variant
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd%' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO 'bcd%' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '#' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'abcd%' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '#' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Postgres uses '\' as the default escape character, which is not per spec
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd\%' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- and an empty string to mean "no escape", which is also not per spec
+SELECT 'abcd\efg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd\%' ESCAPE '' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- these behaviors are per spec, though:
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd%' ESCAPE NULL AS null;
+ null 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '##' AS error;
+ERROR:  invalid escape string
+HINT:  Escape string must be empty or one character.
+-- Test backslash escapes in regexp_replace's replacement string
+SELECT regexp_replace('1112223333', E'(\\d{3})(\\d{3})(\\d{4})', E'(\\1) \\2-\\3');
+ regexp_replace 
+----------------
+ (111) 222-3333
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\&Y', 'g');
+  regexp_replace   
+-------------------
+ fXooYbaXrrYbaXzzY
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\\\Y', 'g');
+ regexp_replace 
+----------------
+ fX\YbaX\YbaX\Y
+(1 row)
+
+-- not an error, though perhaps it should be:
+SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\Y\\1Z\\');
+ regexp_replace  
+-----------------
+ fX\YoZ\barrbazz
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('AAA   BBB   CCC   ', E'\\s+', ' ', 'g');
+ regexp_replace 
+----------------
+ AAA BBB CCC 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('AAA', '^|$', 'Z', 'g');
+ regexp_replace 
+----------------
+ ZAAAZ
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'gi');
+ regexp_replace 
+----------------
+ Z Z
+(1 row)
+
+-- invalid regexp option
+SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'z');
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression option: "z"
+-- extended regexp_replace tests
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1);
+    regexp_replace     
+-----------------------
+ X PostgreSQL function
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 2);
+    regexp_replace     
+-----------------------
+ A PXstgreSQL function
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 0, 'i');
+    regexp_replace     
+-----------------------
+ X PXstgrXSQL fXnctXXn
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 1, 'i');
+    regexp_replace     
+-----------------------
+ X PostgreSQL function
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 2, 'i');
+    regexp_replace     
+-----------------------
+ A PXstgreSQL function
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 3, 'i');
+    regexp_replace     
+-----------------------
+ A PostgrXSQL function
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 9, 'i');
+    regexp_replace     
+-----------------------
+ A PostgreSQL function
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 7, 0, 'i');
+    regexp_replace     
+-----------------------
+ A PostgrXSQL fXnctXXn
+(1 row)
+
+-- 'g' flag should be ignored when N is specified
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 1, 'g');
+    regexp_replace     
+-----------------------
+ A PXstgreSQL function
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', -1, 0, 'i');
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "start": -1
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, -1, 'i');
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "n": -1
+-- erroneous invocation of non-extended form
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', '1');
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression option: "1"
+HINT:  If you meant to use regexp_replace() with a start parameter, cast the fourth argument to integer explicitly.
+--  regexp_count tests
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123123', '(12)3');
+ regexp_count 
+--------------
+            5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 1);
+ regexp_count 
+--------------
+            4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 3);
+ regexp_count 
+--------------
+            3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 33);
+ regexp_count 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_count('ABCABCABCABC', 'Abc', 1, '');
+ regexp_count 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_count('ABCABCABCABC', 'Abc', 1, 'i');
+ regexp_count 
+--------------
+            4
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 0);
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "start": 0
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', -3);
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "start": -3
+-- regexp_like tests
+SELECT regexp_like('Steven', '^Ste(v|ph)en$');
+ regexp_like 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_like('a'||CHR(10)||'d', 'a.d', 'n');
+ regexp_like 
+-------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_like('a'||CHR(10)||'d', 'a.d', 's');
+ regexp_like 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_like('abc', ' a . c ', 'x');
+ regexp_like 
+-------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_like('abc', 'a.c', 'g');  -- error
+ERROR:  regexp_like() does not support the "global" option
+-- regexp_instr tests
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcdefghi', 'd.f');
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcdefghi', 'd.q');
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c');
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 2);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 3);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 4);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'A.C', 1, 2, 0, 'i');
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 0);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 1);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 2);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 3);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 4);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 5);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 0);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 1);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 2);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 3);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 4);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            9
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 5);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
+SELECT regexp_instr('foo', 'foo(bar)?', 1, 1, 0, '', 1);
+ regexp_instr 
+--------------
+            0
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 0, 1);
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "start": 0
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 0);
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "n": 0
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, -1);
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "endoption": -1
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 2);
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "endoption": 2
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 0, 'g');
+ERROR:  regexp_instr() does not support the "global" option
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 0, '', -1);
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "subexpr": -1
+-- regexp_substr tests
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcdefghi', 'd.f');
+ regexp_substr 
+---------------
+ def
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcdefghi', 'd.q') IS NULL AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c');
+ regexp_substr 
+---------------
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 2);
+ regexp_substr 
+---------------
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 3);
+ regexp_substr 
+---------------
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 4) IS NULL AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'A.C', 1, 2, 'i');
+ regexp_substr 
+---------------
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 0);
+ regexp_substr 
+---------------
+ 12345678
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 1);
+ regexp_substr 
+---------------
+ 123
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 2);
+ regexp_substr 
+---------------
+ 45678
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 3);
+ regexp_substr 
+---------------
+ 56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 4);
+ regexp_substr 
+---------------
+ 78
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 5) IS NULL AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
+SELECT regexp_substr('foo', 'foo(bar)?', 1, 1, '', 1) IS NULL AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 0, 1);
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "start": 0
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 0);
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "n": 0
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 'g');
+ERROR:  regexp_substr() does not support the "global" option
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, '', -1);
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "subexpr": -1
+-- set so we can tell NULL from empty string
+\pset null '\\N'
+-- return all matches from regexp
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$);
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {bar,beque}
+(1 row)
+
+-- test case insensitive
+SELECT regexp_matches('foObARbEqUEbAz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'i');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {bAR,bEqUE}
+(1 row)
+
+-- global option - more than one match
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebazilbarfbonk', $re$(b[^b]+)(b[^b]+)$re$, 'g');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {bar,beque}
+ {bazil,barf}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- empty capture group (matched empty string)
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.*)(beque)$re$);
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {bar,"",beque}
+(1 row)
+
+-- no match
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)(beque)$re$);
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- optional capture group did not match, null entry in array
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)?(beque)$re$);
+  regexp_matches  
+------------------
+ {bar,NULL,beque}
+(1 row)
+
+-- no capture groups
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$barbeque$re$);
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {barbeque}
+(1 row)
+
+-- start/end-of-line matches are of zero length
+SELECT regexp_matches('foo' || chr(10) || 'bar' || chr(10) || 'bequq' || chr(10) || 'baz', '^', 'mg');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {""}
+ {""}
+ {""}
+ {""}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('foo' || chr(10) || 'bar' || chr(10) || 'bequq' || chr(10) || 'baz', '$', 'mg');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {""}
+ {""}
+ {""}
+ {""}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches('1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4' || chr(10), '^.?', 'mg');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {1}
+ {2}
+ {3}
+ {4}
+ {""}
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches(chr(10) || '1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4' || chr(10), '.?$', 'mg');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {""}
+ {1}
+ {""}
+ {2}
+ {""}
+ {3}
+ {""}
+ {4}
+ {""}
+ {""}
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_matches(chr(10) || '1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4', '.?$', 'mg');
+ regexp_matches 
+----------------
+ {""}
+ {1}
+ {""}
+ {2}
+ {""}
+ {3}
+ {""}
+ {4}
+ {""}
+(9 rows)
+
+-- give me errors
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'gz');
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression option: "z"
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(barbeque$re$);
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression: parentheses () not balanced
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque){2,1}$re$);
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression: invalid repetition count(s)
+-- split string on regexp
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$) AS foo;
+  foo  | length 
+-------+--------
+ the   |      3
+ quick |      5
+ brown |      5
+ fox   |      3
+ jumps |      5
+ over  |      4
+ the   |      3
+ lazy  |      4
+ dog   |      3
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$);
+             regexp_split_to_array             
+-----------------------------------------------
+ {the,quick,brown,fox,jumps,over,the,lazy,dog}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$) AS foo;
+ foo | length 
+-----+--------
+ t   |      1
+ h   |      1
+ e   |      1
+ q   |      1
+ u   |      1
+ i   |      1
+ c   |      1
+ k   |      1
+ b   |      1
+ r   |      1
+ o   |      1
+ w   |      1
+ n   |      1
+ f   |      1
+ o   |      1
+ x   |      1
+ j   |      1
+ u   |      1
+ m   |      1
+ p   |      1
+ s   |      1
+ o   |      1
+ v   |      1
+ e   |      1
+ r   |      1
+ t   |      1
+ h   |      1
+ e   |      1
+ l   |      1
+ a   |      1
+ z   |      1
+ y   |      1
+ d   |      1
+ o   |      1
+ g   |      1
+(35 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$);
+                          regexp_split_to_array                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {t,h,e,q,u,i,c,k,b,r,o,w,n,f,o,x,j,u,m,p,s,o,v,e,r,t,h,e,l,a,z,y,d,o,g}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '') AS foo;
+ foo | length 
+-----+--------
+ t   |      1
+ h   |      1
+ e   |      1
+     |      1
+ q   |      1
+ u   |      1
+ i   |      1
+ c   |      1
+ k   |      1
+     |      1
+ b   |      1
+ r   |      1
+ o   |      1
+ w   |      1
+ n   |      1
+     |      1
+ f   |      1
+ o   |      1
+ x   |      1
+     |      1
+ j   |      1
+ u   |      1
+ m   |      1
+ p   |      1
+ s   |      1
+     |      1
+ o   |      1
+ v   |      1
+ e   |      1
+ r   |      1
+     |      1
+ t   |      1
+ h   |      1
+ e   |      1
+     |      1
+ l   |      1
+ a   |      1
+ z   |      1
+ y   |      1
+     |      1
+ d   |      1
+ o   |      1
+ g   |      1
+(43 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '');
+                                          regexp_split_to_array                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {t,h,e," ",q,u,i,c,k," ",b,r,o,w,n," ",f,o,x," ",j,u,m,p,s," ",o,v,e,r," ",t,h,e," ",l,a,z,y," ",d,o,g}
+(1 row)
+
+-- case insensitive
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'i') AS foo;
+            foo            | length 
+---------------------------+--------
+ th                        |      2
+  QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ov |     25
+ r Th                      |      4
+  lazy dOG                 |      9
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'i');
+                regexp_split_to_array                
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ {th," QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ov","r Th"," lazy dOG"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- no match of pattern
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 'nomatch') AS foo;
+                     foo                     | length 
+---------------------------------------------+--------
+ the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog |     43
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 'nomatch');
+              regexp_split_to_array              
+-------------------------------------------------
+ {"the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- some corner cases
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','1');
+ regexp_split_to_array 
+-----------------------
+ {"",23456}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','6');
+ regexp_split_to_array 
+-----------------------
+ {12345,""}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','.');
+ regexp_split_to_array  
+------------------------
+ {"","","","","","",""}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','');
+ regexp_split_to_array 
+-----------------------
+ {1,2,3,4,5,6}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','(?:)');
+ regexp_split_to_array 
+-----------------------
+ {1,2,3,4,5,6}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('1','');
+ regexp_split_to_array 
+-----------------------
+ {1}
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'zippy') AS foo;
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression option: "z"
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'iz');
+ERROR:  invalid regular expression option: "z"
+-- global option meaningless for regexp_split
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'g') AS foo;
+ERROR:  regexp_split_to_table() does not support the "global" option
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'g');
+ERROR:  regexp_split_to_array() does not support the "global" option
+-- change NULL-display back
+\pset null ''
+-- E021-11 position expression
+SELECT POSITION('4' IN '1234567890') = '4' AS "4";
+ 4 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT POSITION('5' IN '1234567890') = '5' AS "5";
+ 5 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- T312 character overlay function
+SELECT OVERLAY('abcdef' PLACING '45' FROM 4) AS "abc45f";
+ abc45f 
+--------
+ abc45f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5) AS "yabadaba";
+ yabadaba 
+----------
+ yabadaba
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5 FOR 0) AS "yabadabadoo";
+ yabadabadoo 
+-------------
+ yabadabadoo
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT OVERLAY('babosa' PLACING 'ubb' FROM 2 FOR 4) AS "bubba";
+ bubba 
+-------
+ bubba
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test LIKE
+-- Be sure to form every test as a LIKE/NOT LIKE pair.
+--
+-- simplest examples
+-- E061-04 like predicate
+SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'H%' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'H%' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'indio%' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'indio%' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%eye' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%eye' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in__o' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in__o' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in_o' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in_o' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'abc'::name LIKE '_b_' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'abc'::name NOT LIKE '_b_' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'abc'::bytea LIKE '_b_'::bytea AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'abc'::bytea NOT LIKE '_b_'::bytea AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- unused escape character
+SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- escape character
+-- E061-05 like predicate with escape clause
+SELECT 'h%' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'h%' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'h%awkeye' LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'h%awkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a_c'::bytea LIKE 'a$__'::bytea ESCAPE '$'::bytea AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a_c'::bytea NOT LIKE 'a$__'::bytea ESCAPE '$'::bytea AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- escape character same as pattern character
+SELECT 'maca' LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'maca' NOT LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'ma%a' LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'ma%a' NOT LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bear' LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'bear' NOT LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'be_r' LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'be_r' LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test ILIKE (case-insensitive LIKE)
+-- Be sure to form every test as an ILIKE/NOT ILIKE pair.
+--
+SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'ABC'::name ILIKE '_b_' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'ABC'::name NOT ILIKE '_b_' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test %/_ combination cases, cf bugs #4821 and #5478
+--
+SELECT 'foo' LIKE '_%' as t, 'f' LIKE '_%' as t, '' LIKE '_%' as f;
+ t | t | f 
+---+---+---
+ t | t | f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%_' as t, 'f' LIKE '%_' as t, '' LIKE '%_' as f;
+ t | t | f 
+---+---+---
+ t | t | f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo' LIKE '__%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '___%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '____%' as f;
+ t | t | f 
+---+---+---
+ t | t | f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%__' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%___' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%____' as f;
+ t | t | f 
+---+---+---
+ t | t | f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'jack' LIKE '%____%' AS t;
+ t 
+---
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- basic tests of LIKE with indexes
+--
+CREATE TABLE texttest (a text PRIMARY KEY, b int);
+SELECT * FROM texttest WHERE a LIKE '%1%';
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE byteatest (a bytea PRIMARY KEY, b int);
+SELECT * FROM byteatest WHERE a LIKE '%1%';
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE texttest, byteatest;
+--
+-- test implicit type conversion
+--
+-- E021-07 character concatenation
+SELECT 'unknown' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat unknown types";
+ Concat unknown types 
+----------------------
+ unknown and unknown
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT text 'text' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat text to unknown type";
+ Concat text to unknown type 
+-----------------------------
+ text and unknown
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT char(20) 'characters' || ' and text' AS "Concat char to unknown type";
+ Concat char to unknown type 
+-----------------------------
+ characters and text
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT text 'text' || char(20) ' and characters' AS "Concat text to char";
+ Concat text to char 
+---------------------
+ text and characters
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT text 'text' || varchar ' and varchar' AS "Concat text to varchar";
+ Concat text to varchar 
+------------------------
+ text and varchar
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test substr with toasted text values
+--
+CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 text);
+insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
+insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
+--
+-- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
+-- operation used in that case
+--
+alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
+insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
+insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
+-- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
+-- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL.
+SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
+ substr 
+--------
+ 123
+ 123
+ 123
+ 123
+(4 rows)
+
+-- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
+SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
+ERROR:  negative substring length not allowed
+-- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
+-- string is assumed.
+SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
+ substr 
+--------
+ 567890
+ 567890
+ 567890
+ 567890
+(4 rows)
+
+-- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
+-- string length
+SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
+ substr 
+--------
+ 567890
+ 567890
+ 567890
+ 567890
+(4 rows)
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE toasttest;
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+-- expect >0 blocks
+SELECT pg_relation_size(reltoastrelid) = 0 AS is_empty
+  FROM pg_class where relname = 'toasttest';
+ is_empty 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE toasttest;
+ALTER TABLE toasttest set (toast_tuple_target = 4080);
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+-- expect 0 blocks
+SELECT pg_relation_size(reltoastrelid) = 0 AS is_empty
+  FROM pg_class where relname = 'toasttest';
+ is_empty 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE toasttest;
+--
+-- test substr with toasted bytea values
+--
+CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 bytea);
+insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
+insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
+--
+-- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
+-- operation used in that case
+--
+alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
+insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
+insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
+-- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
+-- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL.
+SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
+ substr 
+--------
+ 123
+ 123
+ 123
+ 123
+(4 rows)
+
+-- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
+SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
+ERROR:  negative substring length not allowed
+-- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
+-- string is assumed.
+SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
+ substr 
+--------
+ 567890
+ 567890
+ 567890
+ 567890
+(4 rows)
+
+-- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
+-- string length
+SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
+ substr 
+--------
+ 567890
+ 567890
+ 567890
+ 567890
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE toasttest;
+-- test internally compressing datums
+-- this tests compressing a datum to a very small size which exercises a
+-- corner case in packed-varlena handling: even though small, the compressed
+-- datum must be given a 4-byte header because there are no bits to indicate
+-- compression in a 1-byte header
+CREATE TABLE toasttest (c char(4096));
+INSERT INTO toasttest VALUES('x');
+SELECT length(c), c::text FROM toasttest;
+ length | c 
+--------+---
+      1 | x
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c FROM toasttest;
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                c                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ x                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE toasttest;
+--
+-- test length
+--
+SELECT length('abcdef') AS "length_6";
+ length_6 
+----------
+        6
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test strpos
+--
+SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'cd') AS "pos_3";
+ pos_3 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
+ pos_0 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('abcdef', '') AS "pos_1";
+ pos_1 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
+ pos_0 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strpos('', '') AS "pos_1";
+ pos_1 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test replace
+--
+SELECT replace('abcdef', 'de', '45') AS "abc45f";
+ abc45f 
+--------
+ abc45f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('yabadabadoo', 'ba', '123') AS "ya123da123doo";
+ ya123da123doo 
+---------------
+ ya123da123doo
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT replace('yabadoo', 'bad', '') AS "yaoo";
+ yaoo 
+------
+ yaoo
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test split_part
+--
+select split_part('','@',1) AS "empty string";
+ empty string 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('','@',-1) AS "empty string";
+ empty string 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
+ joeuser@mydatabase 
+--------------------
+ joeuser@mydatabase
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',2) AS "empty string";
+ empty string 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',-1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
+ joeuser@mydatabase 
+--------------------
+ joeuser@mydatabase
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',-2) AS "empty string";
+ empty string 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',0) AS "an error";
+ERROR:  field position must not be zero
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@@',1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
+ joeuser@mydatabase 
+--------------------
+ joeuser@mydatabase
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@@',2) AS "empty string";
+ empty string 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',1) AS "joeuser";
+ joeuser 
+---------
+ joeuser
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',2) AS "mydatabase";
+ mydatabase 
+------------
+ mydatabase
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',3) AS "empty string";
+ empty string 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',2) AS "joeuser";
+ joeuser 
+---------
+ joeuser
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-1) AS "mydatabase";
+ mydatabase 
+------------
+ mydatabase
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-2) AS "joeuser";
+ joeuser 
+---------
+ joeuser
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-3) AS "empty string";
+ empty string 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',-2) AS "mydatabase";
+ mydatabase 
+------------
+ mydatabase
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- test to_hex
+--
+select to_hex(256*256*256 - 1) AS "ffffff";
+ ffffff 
+--------
+ ffffff
+(1 row)
+
+select to_hex(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "ffffffff";
+ ffffffff 
+----------
+ ffffffff
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- MD5 test suite - from IETF RFC 1321
+-- (see: ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1321.txt)
+--
+select md5('') = 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('a') = '0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('abc') = '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('message digest') = 'f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz') = 'c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789') = 'd174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890') = '57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5(''::bytea) = 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('a'::bytea) = '0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('abc'::bytea) = '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('message digest'::bytea) = 'f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'::bytea) = 'c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'::bytea) = 'd174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select md5('12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890'::bytea) = '57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a' AS "TRUE";
+ TRUE 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- SHA-2
+--
+SET bytea_output TO hex;
+SELECT sha224('');
+                           sha224                           
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ \xd14a028c2a3a2bc9476102bb288234c415a2b01f828ea62ac5b3e42f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sha224('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
+                           sha224                           
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ \x619cba8e8e05826e9b8c519c0a5c68f4fb653e8a3d8aa04bb2c8cd4c
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sha256('');
+                               sha256                               
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ \xe3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sha256('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
+                               sha256                               
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ \xef537f25c895bfa782526529a9b63d97aa631564d5d789c2b765448c8635fb6c
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sha384('');
+                                               sha384                                               
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ \x38b060a751ac96384cd9327eb1b1e36a21fdb71114be07434c0cc7bf63f6e1da274edebfe76f65fbd51ad2f14898b95b
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sha384('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
+                                               sha384                                               
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ \xed892481d8272ca6df370bf706e4d7bc1b5739fa2177aae6c50e946678718fc67a7af2819a021c2fc34e91bdb63409d7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sha512('');
+                                                               sha512                                                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ \xcf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sha512('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
+                                                               sha512                                                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ \x91ea1245f20d46ae9a037a989f54f1f790f0a47607eeb8a14d12890cea77a1bbc6c7ed9cf205e67b7f2b8fd4c7dfd3a7a8617e45f3c463d481c7e586c39ac1ed
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- encode/decode
+--
+SELECT encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'hex');
+       encode       
+--------------------
+ 1234567890abcdef00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT decode('1234567890abcdef00', 'hex');
+        decode        
+----------------------
+ \x1234567890abcdef00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT encode(('\x' || repeat('1234567890abcdef0001', 7))::bytea, 'base64');
+                                    encode                                    
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ EjRWeJCrze8AARI0VniQq83vAAESNFZ4kKvN7wABEjRWeJCrze8AARI0VniQq83vAAESNFZ4kKvN+
+ 7wABEjRWeJCrze8AAQ==
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT decode(encode(('\x' || repeat('1234567890abcdef0001', 7))::bytea,
+                     'base64'), 'base64');
+                                                                     decode                                                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ \x1234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef0001
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'escape');
+           encode            
+-----------------------------
+ \x124Vx\220\253\315\357\000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT decode(encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'escape'), 'escape');
+        decode        
+----------------------
+ \x1234567890abcdef00
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- get_bit/set_bit etc
+--
+SELECT get_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 43);
+ get_bit 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT get_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99);  -- error
+ERROR:  index 99 out of valid range, 0..71
+SELECT set_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 43, 0);
+       set_bit        
+----------------------
+ \x1234567890a3cdef00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT set_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99, 0);  -- error
+ERROR:  index 99 out of valid range, 0..71
+SELECT get_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 3);
+ get_byte 
+----------
+      120
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT get_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99);  -- error
+ERROR:  index 99 out of valid range, 0..8
+SELECT set_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 7, 11);
+       set_byte       
+----------------------
+ \x1234567890abcd0b00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT set_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99, 11);  -- error
+ERROR:  index 99 out of valid range, 0..8
+--
+-- test behavior of escape_string_warning and standard_conforming_strings options
+--
+set escape_string_warning = off;
+set standard_conforming_strings = off;
+show escape_string_warning;
+ escape_string_warning 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+show standard_conforming_strings;
+ standard_conforming_strings 
+-----------------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+set escape_string_warning = on;
+set standard_conforming_strings = on;
+show escape_string_warning;
+ escape_string_warning 
+-----------------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+show standard_conforming_strings;
+ standard_conforming_strings 
+-----------------------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\'   as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
+  f1   |   f2   |   f3    |  f4   |   f5   | f6 
+-------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
+ a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
+(1 row)
+
+set standard_conforming_strings = off;
+select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\'   as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
+WARNING:  nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
+LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
+               ^
+HINT:  Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
+WARNING:  nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
+LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
+                               ^
+HINT:  Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
+WARNING:  nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
+LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
+                                                 ^
+HINT:  Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
+WARNING:  nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
+LINE 1: ...bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\'  ...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
+WARNING:  nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
+LINE 1: ...'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\'   as f4, 'ab\\\'cd'...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
+WARNING:  nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
+LINE 1: ...'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\'   as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as ...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
+  f1   |   f2   |   f3    |  f4   |   f5   | f6 
+-------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
+ a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
+(1 row)
+
+set escape_string_warning = off;
+set standard_conforming_strings = on;
+select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\'   as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
+  f1   |   f2   |   f3    |  f4   |   f5   | f6 
+-------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
+ a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
+(1 row)
+
+set standard_conforming_strings = off;
+select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\'   as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
+  f1   |   f2   |   f3    |  f4   |   f5   | f6 
+-------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
+ a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
+(1 row)
+
+reset standard_conforming_strings;
+--
+-- Additional string functions
+--
+SET bytea_output TO escape;
+SELECT initcap('hi THOMAS');
+  initcap  
+-----------
+ Hi Thomas
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
+ lpad  
+-------
+ xyxhi
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi', 5);
+ lpad  
+-------
+    hi
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
+ lpad 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lpad('hello', 2);
+ lpad 
+------
+ he
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT lpad('hi', 5, '');
+ lpad 
+------
+ hi
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
+ rpad  
+-------
+ hixyx
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi', 5);
+ rpad  
+-------
+ hi   
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
+ rpad 
+------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hello', 2);
+ rpad 
+------
+ he
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT rpad('hi', 5, '');
+ rpad 
+------
+ hi
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim', 'xyz');
+ ltrim 
+-------
+ trim
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT translate('', '14', 'ax');
+ translate 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT translate('12345', '14', 'ax');
+ translate 
+-----------
+ a23x5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT translate('12345', '134', 'a');
+ translate 
+-----------
+ a25
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ascii('x');
+ ascii 
+-------
+   120
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ascii('');
+ ascii 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT chr(65);
+ chr 
+-----
+ A
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT chr(0);
+ERROR:  null character not permitted
+SELECT repeat('Pg', 4);
+  repeat  
+----------
+ PgPgPgPg
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT repeat('Pg', -4);
+ repeat 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890'::bytea FROM 3) "34567890";
+ 34567890 
+----------
+ 34567890
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890'::bytea FROM 4 FOR 3) AS "456";
+ 456 
+-----
+ 456
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "tring";
+ tring 
+-------
+ tring
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "string";
+ string 
+--------
+ string
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
+ERROR:  negative substring length not allowed
+SELECT trim(E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
+ btrim 
+-------
+ Tom
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT trim(leading E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
+  ltrim  
+---------
+ Tom\000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT trim(trailing E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
+  rtrim  
+---------
+ \000Tom
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
+ btrim 
+-------
+ trim
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT btrim(''::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
+ btrim 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, ''::bytea);
+    btrim     
+--------------
+ \000trim\000
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'Th\\001omas'::bytea from 2),'escape');
+   encode    
+-------------
+ TTh\x01omas
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'\\002\\003'::bytea from 8),'escape');
+       encode       
+--------------------
+ Th\000omas\x02\x03
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'\\002\\003'::bytea from 5 for 3),'escape');
+     encode      
+-----------------
+ Th\000o\x02\x03
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT bit_count('\x1234567890'::bytea);
+ bit_count 
+-----------
+        15
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT unistr('\0064at\+0000610');
+ unistr 
+--------
+ data0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT unistr('d\u0061t\U000000610');
+ unistr 
+--------
+ data0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT unistr('a\\b');
+ unistr 
+--------
+ a\b
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors:
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \db99');
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \db99\0061');
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \+00db99\+000061');
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \+2FFFFF');
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode code point: 2FFFFF
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \udb99\u0061');
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \U0000db99\U00000061');
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode surrogate pair
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \U002FFFFF');
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode code point: 2FFFFF
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \xyz');
+ERROR:  invalid Unicode escape
+HINT:  Unicode escapes must be \XXXX, \+XXXXXX, \uXXXX, or \UXXXXXXXX.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out b/src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab58735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+--
+-- SUBSCRIPTION
+--
+CREATE ROLE regress_subscription_user LOGIN SUPERUSER;
+CREATE ROLE regress_subscription_user2;
+CREATE ROLE regress_subscription_user_dummy LOGIN NOSUPERUSER;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION 'regress_subscription_user';
+-- fail - no publications
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'foo';
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near ";"
+LINE 1: CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'foo';
+                                                            ^
+-- fail - no connection
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub PUBLICATION foo;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "PUBLICATION"
+LINE 1: CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub PUBLICATION foo;
+                                            ^
+-- fail - cannot do CREATE SUBSCRIPTION CREATE SLOT inside transaction block
+BEGIN;
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'testconn' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (create_slot);
+ERROR:  CREATE SUBSCRIPTION ... WITH (create_slot = true) cannot run inside a transaction block
+COMMIT;
+-- fail - invalid connection string
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'testconn' PUBLICATION testpub;
+ERROR:  invalid connection string syntax: missing "=" after "testconn" in connection info string
+
+-- fail - duplicate publications
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION foo, testpub, foo WITH (connect = false);
+ERROR:  publication name "foo" used more than once
+-- ok
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false);
+WARNING:  tables were not subscribed, you will have to run ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH PUBLICATION to subscribe the tables
+COMMENT ON SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub IS 'test subscription';
+SELECT obj_description(s.oid, 'pg_subscription') FROM pg_subscription s;
+  obj_description  
+-------------------
+ test subscription
+(1 row)
+
+-- fail - name already exists
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false);
+ERROR:  subscription "regress_testsub" already exists
+-- fail - must be superuser
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION 'regress_subscription_user2';
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION foo WITH (connect = false);
+ERROR:  must be superuser to create subscriptions
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION 'regress_subscription_user';
+-- fail - invalid option combinations
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, copy_data = true);
+ERROR:  connect = false and copy_data = true are mutually exclusive options
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, enabled = true);
+ERROR:  connect = false and enabled = true are mutually exclusive options
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, create_slot = true);
+ERROR:  connect = false and create_slot = true are mutually exclusive options
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE, enabled = true);
+ERROR:  slot_name = NONE and enabled = true are mutually exclusive options
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE, enabled = false, create_slot = true);
+ERROR:  slot_name = NONE and create_slot = true are mutually exclusive options
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE);
+ERROR:  subscription with slot_name = NONE must also set enabled = false
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE, enabled = false);
+ERROR:  subscription with slot_name = NONE must also set create_slot = false
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE, create_slot = false);
+ERROR:  subscription with slot_name = NONE must also set enabled = false
+-- ok - with slot_name = NONE
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub3 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE, connect = false);
+WARNING:  tables were not subscribed, you will have to run ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH PUBLICATION to subscribe the tables
+-- fail
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub3 ENABLE;
+ERROR:  cannot enable subscription that does not have a slot name
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub3 REFRESH PUBLICATION;
+ERROR:  ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH is not allowed for disabled subscriptions
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub3;
+-- fail, connection string does not parse
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub5 CONNECTION 'i_dont_exist=param' PUBLICATION testpub;
+ERROR:  invalid connection string syntax: invalid connection option "i_dont_exist"
+
+-- fail, connection string parses, but doesn't work (and does so without
+-- connecting, so this is reliable and safe)
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub5 CONNECTION 'port=-1' PUBLICATION testpub;
+ERROR:  could not connect to the publisher: invalid port number: "-1"
+-- fail - invalid connection string during ALTER
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'foobar';
+ERROR:  invalid connection string syntax: missing "=" after "foobar" in connection info string
+
+\dRs+
+                                                                                    List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | f         | d                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET PUBLICATION testpub2, testpub3 WITH (refresh = false);
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist2';
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = 'newname');
+-- fail
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = '');
+ERROR:  replication slot name "" is too short
+-- fail
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_doesnotexist CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist2';
+ERROR:  subscription "regress_doesnotexist" does not exist
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (create_slot = false);
+ERROR:  unrecognized subscription parameter: "create_slot"
+-- ok
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SKIP (lsn = '0/12345');
+\dRs+
+                                                                                         List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled |     Publication     | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |           Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+---------------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+------------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub2,testpub3} | f      | f         | d                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist2 | 0/12345
+(1 row)
+
+-- ok - with lsn = NONE
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SKIP (lsn = NONE);
+-- fail
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SKIP (lsn = '0/0');
+ERROR:  invalid WAL location (LSN): 0/0
+\dRs+
+                                                                                         List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled |     Publication     | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |           Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+---------------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+------------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub2,testpub3} | f      | f         | d                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist2 | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ENABLE;
+\dRs
+                            List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled |     Publication     
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+---------------------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | t       | {testpub2,testpub3}
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DISABLE;
+\dRs
+                            List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled |     Publication     
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+---------------------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub2,testpub3}
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- fail - must be owner of subscription
+SET ROLE regress_subscription_user_dummy;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub RENAME TO regress_testsub_dummy;
+ERROR:  must be owner of subscription regress_testsub
+RESET ROLE;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub RENAME TO regress_testsub_foo;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub_foo SET (synchronous_commit = local);
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub_foo SET (synchronous_commit = foobar);
+ERROR:  invalid value for parameter "synchronous_commit": "foobar"
+HINT:  Available values: local, remote_write, remote_apply, on, off.
+\dRs+
+                                                                                           List of subscriptions
+        Name         |           Owner           | Enabled |     Publication     | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |           Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+---------------------+---------------------------+---------+---------------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+------------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub_foo | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub2,testpub3} | f      | f         | d                | f                | local              | dbname=regress_doesnotexist2 | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+-- rename back to keep the rest simple
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub_foo RENAME TO regress_testsub;
+-- fail - new owner must be superuser
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub OWNER TO regress_subscription_user2;
+ERROR:  permission denied to change owner of subscription "regress_testsub"
+HINT:  The owner of a subscription must be a superuser.
+ALTER ROLE regress_subscription_user2 SUPERUSER;
+-- now it works
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub OWNER TO regress_subscription_user2;
+-- fail - cannot do DROP SUBSCRIPTION inside transaction block with slot name
+BEGIN;
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+ERROR:  DROP SUBSCRIPTION cannot run inside a transaction block
+COMMIT;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+-- now it works
+BEGIN;
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+COMMIT;
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION IF EXISTS regress_testsub;
+NOTICE:  subscription "regress_testsub" does not exist, skipping
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;  -- fail
+ERROR:  subscription "regress_testsub" does not exist
+-- fail - binary must be boolean
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, binary = foo);
+ERROR:  binary requires a Boolean value
+-- now it works
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, binary = true);
+WARNING:  tables were not subscribed, you will have to run ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH PUBLICATION to subscribe the tables
+\dRs+
+                                                                                    List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | t      | f         | d                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (binary = false);
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+\dRs+
+                                                                                    List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | f         | d                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+-- fail - streaming must be boolean
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, streaming = foo);
+ERROR:  streaming requires a Boolean value
+-- now it works
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, streaming = true);
+WARNING:  tables were not subscribed, you will have to run ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH PUBLICATION to subscribe the tables
+\dRs+
+                                                                                    List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | t         | d                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (streaming = false);
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+\dRs+
+                                                                                    List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | f         | d                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+-- fail - publication already exists
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ADD PUBLICATION testpub WITH (refresh = false);
+ERROR:  publication "testpub" is already in subscription "regress_testsub"
+-- fail - publication used more than once
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ADD PUBLICATION testpub1, testpub1 WITH (refresh = false);
+ERROR:  publication name "testpub1" used more than once
+-- ok - add two publications into subscription
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ADD PUBLICATION testpub1, testpub2 WITH (refresh = false);
+-- fail - publications already exist
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ADD PUBLICATION testpub1, testpub2 WITH (refresh = false);
+ERROR:  publication "testpub1" is already in subscription "regress_testsub"
+\dRs+
+                                                                                            List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled |         Publication         | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-----------------------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub,testpub1,testpub2} | f      | f         | d                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+-- fail - publication used more then once
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DROP PUBLICATION testpub1, testpub1 WITH (refresh = false);
+ERROR:  publication name "testpub1" used more than once
+-- fail - all publications are deleted
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DROP PUBLICATION testpub, testpub1, testpub2 WITH (refresh = false);
+ERROR:  cannot drop all the publications from a subscription
+-- fail - publication does not exist in subscription
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DROP PUBLICATION testpub3 WITH (refresh = false);
+ERROR:  publication "testpub3" is not in subscription "regress_testsub"
+-- ok - delete publications
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DROP PUBLICATION testpub1, testpub2 WITH (refresh = false);
+\dRs+
+                                                                                    List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | f         | d                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION mypub
+       WITH (connect = false, create_slot = false, copy_data = false);
+WARNING:  tables were not subscribed, you will have to run ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH PUBLICATION to subscribe the tables
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ENABLE;
+-- fail - ALTER SUBSCRIPTION with refresh is not allowed in a transaction
+-- block or function
+BEGIN;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET PUBLICATION mypub WITH (refresh = true);
+ERROR:  ALTER SUBSCRIPTION with refresh cannot run inside a transaction block
+END;
+BEGIN;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub REFRESH PUBLICATION;
+ERROR:  ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH cannot run inside a transaction block
+END;
+CREATE FUNCTION func() RETURNS VOID AS
+$$ ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET PUBLICATION mypub WITH (refresh = true) $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT func();
+ERROR:  ALTER SUBSCRIPTION with refresh cannot be executed from a function
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "func" statement 1
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DISABLE;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+DROP FUNCTION func;
+-- fail - two_phase must be boolean
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, two_phase = foo);
+ERROR:  two_phase requires a Boolean value
+-- now it works
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, two_phase = true);
+WARNING:  tables were not subscribed, you will have to run ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH PUBLICATION to subscribe the tables
+\dRs+
+                                                                                    List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | f         | p                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+--fail - alter of two_phase option not supported.
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (two_phase = false);
+ERROR:  unrecognized subscription parameter: "two_phase"
+-- but can alter streaming when two_phase enabled
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (streaming = true);
+\dRs+
+                                                                                    List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | t         | p                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+-- two_phase and streaming are compatible.
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, streaming = true, two_phase = true);
+WARNING:  tables were not subscribed, you will have to run ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH PUBLICATION to subscribe the tables
+\dRs+
+                                                                                    List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | t         | p                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+-- fail - disable_on_error must be boolean
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, disable_on_error = foo);
+ERROR:  disable_on_error requires a Boolean value
+-- now it works
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, disable_on_error = false);
+WARNING:  tables were not subscribed, you will have to run ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH PUBLICATION to subscribe the tables
+\dRs+
+                                                                                    List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | f         | d                | f                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (disable_on_error = true);
+\dRs+
+                                                                                    List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | f         | d                | t                | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP ROLE regress_subscription_user;
+DROP ROLE regress_subscription_user2;
+DROP ROLE regress_subscription_user_dummy;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/subselect.out b/src/test/regress/expected/subselect.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45c75ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/subselect.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1859 @@
+--
+-- SUBSELECT
+--
+SELECT 1 AS one WHERE 1 IN (SELECT 1);
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 1 AS zero WHERE 1 NOT IN (SELECT 1);
+ zero 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT 1 AS zero WHERE 1 IN (SELECT 2);
+ zero 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check grammar's handling of extra parens in assorted contexts
+SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1 AS x) ss;
+ x 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM ((SELECT 1 AS x)) ss;
+ x 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+(SELECT 2) UNION SELECT 2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+((SELECT 2)) UNION SELECT 2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ((SELECT 2) UNION SELECT 2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (((SELECT 2)) UNION SELECT 2);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3])[1];
+ array 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ((SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3]))[2];
+ array 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT (((SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3])))[3];
+ array 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- Set up some simple test tables
+CREATE TABLE SUBSELECT_TBL (
+  f1 integer,
+  f2 integer,
+  f3 float
+);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (1, 2, 3);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (2, 3, 4);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (3, 4, 5);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (1, 1, 1);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (2, 2, 2);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (3, 3, 3);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (6, 7, 8);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (8, 9, NULL);
+SELECT * FROM SUBSELECT_TBL;
+ f1 | f2 | f3 
+----+----+----
+  1 |  2 |  3
+  2 |  3 |  4
+  3 |  4 |  5
+  1 |  1 |  1
+  2 |  2 |  2
+  3 |  3 |  3
+  6 |  7 |  8
+  8 |  9 |   
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Uncorrelated subselects
+SELECT f1 AS "Constant Select" FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+  WHERE f1 IN (SELECT 1);
+ Constant Select 
+-----------------
+               1
+               1
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Uncorrelated Field" FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+  WHERE f1 IN (SELECT f2 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL);
+ Uncorrelated Field 
+--------------------
+                  1
+                  2
+                  3
+                  1
+                  2
+                  3
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Uncorrelated Field" FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+  WHERE f1 IN (SELECT f2 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL WHERE
+    f2 IN (SELECT f1 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL));
+ Uncorrelated Field 
+--------------------
+                  1
+                  2
+                  3
+                  1
+                  2
+                  3
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT f1, f2
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+  WHERE (f1, f2) NOT IN (SELECT f2, CAST(f3 AS int4) FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+                         WHERE f3 IS NOT NULL);
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 |  2
+  6 |  7
+  8 |  9
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Correlated subselects
+SELECT f1 AS "Correlated Field", f2 AS "Second Field"
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL upper
+  WHERE f1 IN (SELECT f2 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL WHERE f1 = upper.f1);
+ Correlated Field | Second Field 
+------------------+--------------
+                1 |            2
+                2 |            3
+                3 |            4
+                1 |            1
+                2 |            2
+                3 |            3
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Correlated Field", f3 AS "Second Field"
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL upper
+  WHERE f1 IN
+    (SELECT f2 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL WHERE CAST(upper.f2 AS float) = f3);
+ Correlated Field | Second Field 
+------------------+--------------
+                2 |            4
+                3 |            5
+                1 |            1
+                2 |            2
+                3 |            3
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Correlated Field", f3 AS "Second Field"
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL upper
+  WHERE f3 IN (SELECT upper.f1 + f2 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+               WHERE f2 = CAST(f3 AS integer));
+ Correlated Field | Second Field 
+------------------+--------------
+                1 |            3
+                2 |            4
+                3 |            5
+                6 |            8
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Correlated Field"
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+  WHERE (f1, f2) IN (SELECT f2, CAST(f3 AS int4) FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+                     WHERE f3 IS NOT NULL);
+ Correlated Field 
+------------------
+                2
+                3
+                1
+                2
+                3
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- Use some existing tables in the regression test
+--
+SELECT ss.f1 AS "Correlated Field", ss.f3 AS "Second Field"
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL ss
+  WHERE f1 NOT IN (SELECT f1+1 FROM INT4_TBL
+                   WHERE f1 != ss.f1 AND f1 < 2147483647);
+ Correlated Field | Second Field 
+------------------+--------------
+                2 |            4
+                3 |            5
+                2 |            2
+                3 |            3
+                6 |            8
+                8 |             
+(6 rows)
+
+select q1, float8(count(*)) / (select count(*) from int8_tbl)
+from int8_tbl group by q1 order by q1;
+        q1        | ?column? 
+------------------+----------
+              123 |      0.4
+ 4567890123456789 |      0.6
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Unspecified-type literals in output columns should resolve as text
+SELECT *, pg_typeof(f1) FROM
+  (SELECT 'foo' AS f1 FROM generate_series(1,3)) ss ORDER BY 1;
+ f1  | pg_typeof 
+-----+-----------
+ foo | text
+ foo | text
+ foo | text
+(3 rows)
+
+-- ... unless there's context to suggest differently
+explain (verbose, costs off) select '42' union all select '43';
+         QUERY PLAN         
+----------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Result
+         Output: '42'::text
+   ->  Result
+         Output: '43'::text
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off) select '42' union all select 43;
+     QUERY PLAN     
+--------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Result
+         Output: 42
+   ->  Result
+         Output: 43
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check materialization of an initplan reference (bug #14524)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select 1 = all (select (select 1));
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: (SubPlan 2)
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Materialize
+           Output: ($0)
+           InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+             ->  Result
+                   Output: 1
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: $0
+(10 rows)
+
+select 1 = all (select (select 1));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check EXISTS simplification with LIMIT
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl o where exists
+  (select 1 from int4_tbl i where i.f1=o.f1 limit null);
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Hash Semi Join
+   Hash Cond: (o.f1 = i.f1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl o
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl o where not exists
+  (select 1 from int4_tbl i where i.f1=o.f1 limit 1);
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Hash Anti Join
+   Hash Cond: (o.f1 = i.f1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl o
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl o where exists
+  (select 1 from int4_tbl i where i.f1=o.f1 limit 0);
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on int4_tbl o
+   Filter: (SubPlan 1)
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl i
+                 Filter: (f1 = o.f1)
+(6 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test cases to catch unpleasant interactions between IN-join processing
+-- and subquery pullup.
+--
+select count(*) from
+  (select 1 from tenk1 a
+   where unique1 IN (select hundred from tenk1 b)) ss;
+ count 
+-------
+   100
+(1 row)
+
+select count(distinct ss.ten) from
+  (select ten from tenk1 a
+   where unique1 IN (select hundred from tenk1 b)) ss;
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from
+  (select 1 from tenk1 a
+   where unique1 IN (select distinct hundred from tenk1 b)) ss;
+ count 
+-------
+   100
+(1 row)
+
+select count(distinct ss.ten) from
+  (select ten from tenk1 a
+   where unique1 IN (select distinct hundred from tenk1 b)) ss;
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test cases to check for overenthusiastic optimization of
+-- "IN (SELECT DISTINCT ...)" and related cases.  Per example from
+-- Luca Pireddu and Michael Fuhr.
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (id integer);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE bar (id1 integer, id2 integer);
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO bar VALUES (1, 1);
+INSERT INTO bar VALUES (2, 2);
+INSERT INTO bar VALUES (3, 1);
+-- These cases require an extra level of distinct-ing above subquery s
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT DISTINCT id1, id2 FROM bar) AS s);
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT id1,id2 FROM bar GROUP BY id1,id2) AS s);
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT id1, id2 FROM bar UNION
+                      SELECT id1, id2 FROM bar) AS s);
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+-- These cases do not
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT DISTINCT ON (id2) id1, id2 FROM bar) AS s);
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT id2 FROM bar GROUP BY id2) AS s);
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT id2 FROM bar UNION
+                      SELECT id2 FROM bar) AS s);
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test case to catch problems with multiply nested sub-SELECTs not getting
+-- recalculated properly.  Per bug report from Didier Moens.
+--
+CREATE TABLE orderstest (
+    approver_ref integer,
+    po_ref integer,
+    ordercanceled boolean
+);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (1, 1, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 5, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 6, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 7, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 1, true);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 8, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 1, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (77, 1, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (1, 1, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 1, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (1, 1, false);
+CREATE VIEW orders_view AS
+SELECT *,
+(SELECT CASE
+   WHEN ord.approver_ref=1 THEN '---' ELSE 'Approved'
+ END) AS "Approved",
+(SELECT CASE
+ WHEN ord.ordercanceled
+ THEN 'Canceled'
+ ELSE
+  (SELECT CASE
+		WHEN ord.po_ref=1
+		THEN
+		 (SELECT CASE
+				WHEN ord.approver_ref=1
+				THEN '---'
+				ELSE 'Approved'
+			END)
+		ELSE 'PO'
+	END)
+END) AS "Status",
+(CASE
+ WHEN ord.ordercanceled
+ THEN 'Canceled'
+ ELSE
+  (CASE
+		WHEN ord.po_ref=1
+		THEN
+		 (CASE
+				WHEN ord.approver_ref=1
+				THEN '---'
+				ELSE 'Approved'
+			END)
+		ELSE 'PO'
+	END)
+END) AS "Status_OK"
+FROM orderstest ord;
+SELECT * FROM orders_view;
+ approver_ref | po_ref | ordercanceled | Approved |  Status  | Status_OK 
+--------------+--------+---------------+----------+----------+-----------
+            1 |      1 | f             | ---      | ---      | ---
+           66 |      5 | f             | Approved | PO       | PO
+           66 |      6 | f             | Approved | PO       | PO
+           66 |      7 | f             | Approved | PO       | PO
+           66 |      1 | t             | Approved | Canceled | Canceled
+           66 |      8 | f             | Approved | PO       | PO
+           66 |      1 | f             | Approved | Approved | Approved
+           77 |      1 | f             | Approved | Approved | Approved
+            1 |      1 | f             | ---      | ---      | ---
+           66 |      1 | f             | Approved | Approved | Approved
+            1 |      1 | f             | ---      | ---      | ---
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE orderstest cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view orders_view
+--
+-- Test cases to catch situations where rule rewriter fails to propagate
+-- hasSubLinks flag correctly.  Per example from Kyle Bateman.
+--
+create temp table parts (
+    partnum     text,
+    cost        float8
+);
+create temp table shipped (
+    ttype       char(2),
+    ordnum      int4,
+    partnum     text,
+    value       float8
+);
+create temp view shipped_view as
+    select * from shipped where ttype = 'wt';
+create rule shipped_view_insert as on insert to shipped_view do instead
+    insert into shipped values('wt', new.ordnum, new.partnum, new.value);
+insert into parts (partnum, cost) values (1, 1234.56);
+insert into shipped_view (ordnum, partnum, value)
+    values (0, 1, (select cost from parts where partnum = '1'));
+select * from shipped_view;
+ ttype | ordnum | partnum |  value  
+-------+--------+---------+---------
+ wt    |      0 | 1       | 1234.56
+(1 row)
+
+create rule shipped_view_update as on update to shipped_view do instead
+    update shipped set partnum = new.partnum, value = new.value
+        where ttype = new.ttype and ordnum = new.ordnum;
+update shipped_view set value = 11
+    from int4_tbl a join int4_tbl b
+      on (a.f1 = (select f1 from int4_tbl c where c.f1=b.f1))
+    where ordnum = a.f1;
+select * from shipped_view;
+ ttype | ordnum | partnum | value 
+-------+--------+---------+-------
+ wt    |      0 | 1       |    11
+(1 row)
+
+select f1, ss1 as relabel from
+    (select *, (select sum(f1) from int4_tbl b where f1 >= a.f1) as ss1
+     from int4_tbl a) ss;
+     f1      |  relabel   
+-------------+------------
+           0 | 2147607103
+      123456 | 2147607103
+     -123456 | 2147483647
+  2147483647 | 2147483647
+ -2147483647 |          0
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test cases involving PARAM_EXEC parameters and min/max index optimizations.
+-- Per bug report from David Sanchez i Gregori.
+--
+select * from (
+  select max(unique1) from tenk1 as a
+  where exists (select 1 from tenk1 as b where b.thousand = a.unique2)
+) ss;
+ max  
+------
+ 9997
+(1 row)
+
+select * from (
+  select min(unique1) from tenk1 as a
+  where not exists (select 1 from tenk1 as b where b.unique2 = 10000)
+) ss;
+ min 
+-----
+   0
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test that an IN implemented using a UniquePath does unique-ification
+-- with the right semantics, as per bug #4113.  (Unfortunately we have
+-- no simple way to ensure that this test case actually chooses that type
+-- of plan, but it does in releases 7.4-8.3.  Note that an ordering difference
+-- here might mean that some other plan type is being used, rendering the test
+-- pointless.)
+--
+create temp table numeric_table (num_col numeric);
+insert into numeric_table values (1), (1.000000000000000000001), (2), (3);
+create temp table float_table (float_col float8);
+insert into float_table values (1), (2), (3);
+select * from float_table
+  where float_col in (select num_col from numeric_table);
+ float_col 
+-----------
+         1
+         2
+         3
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from numeric_table
+  where num_col in (select float_col from float_table);
+         num_col         
+-------------------------
+                       1
+ 1.000000000000000000001
+                       2
+                       3
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test case for bug #4290: bogus calculation of subplan param sets
+--
+create temp table ta (id int primary key, val int);
+insert into ta values(1,1);
+insert into ta values(2,2);
+create temp table tb (id int primary key, aval int);
+insert into tb values(1,1);
+insert into tb values(2,1);
+insert into tb values(3,2);
+insert into tb values(4,2);
+create temp table tc (id int primary key, aid int);
+insert into tc values(1,1);
+insert into tc values(2,2);
+select
+  ( select min(tb.id) from tb
+    where tb.aval = (select ta.val from ta where ta.id = tc.aid) ) as min_tb_id
+from tc;
+ min_tb_id 
+-----------
+         1
+         3
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test case for 8.3 "failed to locate grouping columns" bug
+--
+create temp table t1 (f1 numeric(14,0), f2 varchar(30));
+select * from
+  (select distinct f1, f2, (select f2 from t1 x where x.f1 = up.f1) as fs
+   from t1 up) ss
+group by f1,f2,fs;
+ f1 | f2 | fs 
+----+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test case for bug #5514 (mishandling of whole-row Vars in subselects)
+--
+create temp table table_a(id integer);
+insert into table_a values (42);
+create temp view view_a as select * from table_a;
+select view_a from view_a;
+ view_a 
+--------
+ (42)
+(1 row)
+
+select (select view_a) from view_a;
+ view_a 
+--------
+ (42)
+(1 row)
+
+select (select (select view_a)) from view_a;
+ view_a 
+--------
+ (42)
+(1 row)
+
+select (select (a.*)::text) from view_a a;
+  a   
+------
+ (42)
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check that whole-row Vars reading the result of a subselect don't include
+-- any junk columns therein
+--
+select q from (select max(f1) from int4_tbl group by f1 order by f1) q;
+       q       
+---------------
+ (-2147483647)
+ (-123456)
+ (0)
+ (123456)
+ (2147483647)
+(5 rows)
+
+with q as (select max(f1) from int4_tbl group by f1 order by f1)
+  select q from q;
+       q       
+---------------
+ (-2147483647)
+ (-123456)
+ (0)
+ (123456)
+ (2147483647)
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test case for sublinks pulled up into joinaliasvars lists in an
+-- inherited update/delete query
+--
+begin;  --  this shouldn't delete anything, but be safe
+delete from road
+where exists (
+  select 1
+  from
+    int4_tbl cross join
+    ( select f1, array(select q1 from int8_tbl) as arr
+      from text_tbl ) ss
+  where road.name = ss.f1 );
+rollback;
+--
+-- Test case for sublinks pushed down into subselects via join alias expansion
+--
+select
+  (select sq1) as qq1
+from
+  (select exists(select 1 from int4_tbl where f1 = q2) as sq1, 42 as dummy
+   from int8_tbl) sq0
+  join
+  int4_tbl i4 on dummy = i4.f1;
+ qq1 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test case for subselect within UPDATE of INSERT...ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
+--
+create temp table upsert(key int4 primary key, val text);
+insert into upsert values(1, 'val') on conflict (key) do update set val = 'not seen';
+insert into upsert values(1, 'val') on conflict (key) do update set val = 'seen with subselect ' || (select f1 from int4_tbl where f1 != 0 limit 1)::text;
+select * from upsert;
+ key |            val             
+-----+----------------------------
+   1 | seen with subselect 123456
+(1 row)
+
+with aa as (select 'int4_tbl' u from int4_tbl limit 1)
+insert into upsert values (1, 'x'), (999, 'y')
+on conflict (key) do update set val = (select u from aa)
+returning *;
+ key |   val    
+-----+----------
+   1 | int4_tbl
+ 999 | y
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test case for cross-type partial matching in hashed subplan (bug #7597)
+--
+create temp table outer_7597 (f1 int4, f2 int4);
+insert into outer_7597 values (0, 0);
+insert into outer_7597 values (1, 0);
+insert into outer_7597 values (0, null);
+insert into outer_7597 values (1, null);
+create temp table inner_7597(c1 int8, c2 int8);
+insert into inner_7597 values(0, null);
+select * from outer_7597 where (f1, f2) not in (select * from inner_7597);
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+  1 |  0
+  1 |   
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Similar test case using text that verifies that collation
+-- information is passed through by execTuplesEqual() in nodeSubplan.c
+-- (otherwise it would error in texteq())
+--
+create temp table outer_text (f1 text, f2 text);
+insert into outer_text values ('a', 'a');
+insert into outer_text values ('b', 'a');
+insert into outer_text values ('a', null);
+insert into outer_text values ('b', null);
+create temp table inner_text (c1 text, c2 text);
+insert into inner_text values ('a', null);
+insert into inner_text values ('123', '456');
+select * from outer_text where (f1, f2) not in (select * from inner_text);
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+ b  | a
+ b  | 
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Another test case for cross-type hashed subplans: comparison of
+-- inner-side values must be done with appropriate operator
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select 'foo'::text in (select 'bar'::name union all select 'bar'::name);
+             QUERY PLAN              
+-------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: (hashed SubPlan 1)
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Append
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: 'bar'::name
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: 'bar'::name
+(8 rows)
+
+select 'foo'::text in (select 'bar'::name union all select 'bar'::name);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test that we don't try to hash nested records (bug #17363)
+-- (Hashing could be supported, but for now we don't)
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select row(row(row(1))) = any (select row(row(1)));
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: (SubPlan 1)
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Materialize
+           Output: '("(1)")'::record
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: '("(1)")'::record
+(7 rows)
+
+select row(row(row(1))) = any (select row(row(1)));
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test case for premature memory release during hashing of subplan output
+--
+select '1'::text in (select '1'::name union all select '1'::name);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test that we don't try to use a hashed subplan if the simplified
+-- testexpr isn't of the right shape
+--
+-- this fails by default, of course
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: bigint = text
+LINE 1: select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_tex...
+                                        ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+begin;
+-- make an operator to allow it to succeed
+create function bogus_int8_text_eq(int8, text) returns boolean
+language sql as 'select $1::text = $2';
+create operator = (procedure=bogus_int8_text_eq, leftarg=int8, rightarg=text);
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on int8_tbl
+   Filter: (hashed SubPlan 1)
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Seq Scan on inner_text
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+-- inlining of this function results in unusual number of hash clauses,
+-- which we can still cope with
+create or replace function bogus_int8_text_eq(int8, text) returns boolean
+language sql as 'select $1::text = $2 and $1::text = $2';
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on int8_tbl
+   Filter: (hashed SubPlan 1)
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Seq Scan on inner_text
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+-- inlining of this function causes LHS and RHS to be switched,
+-- which we can't cope with, so hashing should be abandoned
+create or replace function bogus_int8_text_eq(int8, text) returns boolean
+language sql as 'select $2 = $1::text';
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on int8_tbl
+   Filter: (SubPlan 1)
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Materialize
+           ->  Seq Scan on inner_text
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 |              456
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+rollback;  -- to get rid of the bogus operator
+--
+-- Test resolution of hashed vs non-hashed implementation of EXISTS subplan
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from tenk1 t
+where (exists(select 1 from tenk1 k where k.unique1 = t.unique2) or ten < 0);
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 t
+         Filter: ((hashed SubPlan 2) OR (ten < 0))
+         SubPlan 2
+           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 k
+(5 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 t
+where (exists(select 1 from tenk1 k where k.unique1 = t.unique2) or ten < 0);
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from tenk1 t
+where (exists(select 1 from tenk1 k where k.unique1 = t.unique2) or ten < 0)
+  and thousand = 1;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on tenk1 t
+         Recheck Cond: (thousand = 1)
+         Filter: ((SubPlan 1) OR (ten < 0))
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on tenk1_thous_tenthous
+               Index Cond: (thousand = 1)
+         SubPlan 1
+           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 k
+                 Index Cond: (unique1 = t.unique2)
+(9 rows)
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 t
+where (exists(select 1 from tenk1 k where k.unique1 = t.unique2) or ten < 0)
+  and thousand = 1;
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+(1 row)
+
+-- It's possible for the same EXISTS to get resolved both ways
+create temp table exists_tbl (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int) partition by list (c1);
+create temp table exists_tbl_null partition of exists_tbl for values in (null);
+create temp table exists_tbl_def partition of exists_tbl default;
+insert into exists_tbl select x, x/2, x+1 from generate_series(0,10) x;
+analyze exists_tbl;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from exists_tbl t1
+  where (exists(select 1 from exists_tbl t2 where t1.c1 = t2.c2) or c3 < 0);
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on exists_tbl_null t1_1
+         Filter: ((SubPlan 1) OR (c3 < 0))
+         SubPlan 1
+           ->  Append
+                 ->  Seq Scan on exists_tbl_null t2_1
+                       Filter: (t1_1.c1 = c2)
+                 ->  Seq Scan on exists_tbl_def t2_2
+                       Filter: (t1_1.c1 = c2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on exists_tbl_def t1_2
+         Filter: ((hashed SubPlan 2) OR (c3 < 0))
+         SubPlan 2
+           ->  Append
+                 ->  Seq Scan on exists_tbl_null t2_4
+                 ->  Seq Scan on exists_tbl_def t2_5
+(15 rows)
+
+select * from exists_tbl t1
+  where (exists(select 1 from exists_tbl t2 where t1.c1 = t2.c2) or c3 < 0);
+ c1 | c2 | c3 
+----+----+----
+  0 |  0 |  1
+  1 |  0 |  2
+  2 |  1 |  3
+  3 |  1 |  4
+  4 |  2 |  5
+  5 |  2 |  6
+(6 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test case for planner bug with nested EXISTS handling
+--
+select a.thousand from tenk1 a, tenk1 b
+where a.thousand = b.thousand
+  and exists ( select 1 from tenk1 c where b.hundred = c.hundred
+                   and not exists ( select 1 from tenk1 d
+                                    where a.thousand = d.thousand ) );
+ thousand 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check that nested sub-selects are not pulled up if they contain volatiles
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select x, x from
+    (select (select now()) as x from (values(1),(2)) v(y)) ss;
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+   Output: $0, $1
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result
+           Output: now()
+   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
+     ->  Result
+           Output: now()
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select x, x from
+    (select (select random()) as x from (values(1),(2)) v(y)) ss;
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on ss
+   Output: ss.x, ss.x
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+         Output: $0
+         InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: random()
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select x, x from
+    (select (select now() where y=y) as x from (values(1),(2)) v(y)) ss;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+   Output: (SubPlan 1), (SubPlan 2)
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Result
+           Output: now()
+           One-Time Filter: ("*VALUES*".column1 = "*VALUES*".column1)
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Result
+           Output: now()
+           One-Time Filter: ("*VALUES*".column1 = "*VALUES*".column1)
+(10 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select x, x from
+    (select (select random() where y=y) as x from (values(1),(2)) v(y)) ss;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on ss
+   Output: ss.x, ss.x
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+         Output: (SubPlan 1)
+         SubPlan 1
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: random()
+                 One-Time Filter: ("*VALUES*".column1 = "*VALUES*".column1)
+(8 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test rescan of a hashed subplan (the use of random() is to prevent the
+-- sub-select from being pulled up, which would result in not hashing)
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select sum(ss.tst::int) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+  select i.ten in (select f1 from int4_tbl where f1 <= o.hundred) as tst,
+         random() as r
+  from onek i where i.unique1 = o.unique1 ) ss
+where o.ten = 0;
+                                                                                         QUERY PLAN                                                                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   Output: sum((((hashed SubPlan 1)))::integer)
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Output: ((hashed SubPlan 1))
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.onek o
+               Output: o.unique1, o.unique2, o.two, o.four, o.ten, o.twenty, o.hundred, o.thousand, o.twothousand, o.fivethous, o.tenthous, o.odd, o.even, o.stringu1, o.stringu2, o.string4
+               Filter: (o.ten = 0)
+         ->  Index Scan using onek_unique1 on public.onek i
+               Output: (hashed SubPlan 1), random()
+               Index Cond: (i.unique1 = o.unique1)
+               SubPlan 1
+                 ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl
+                       Output: int4_tbl.f1
+                       Filter: (int4_tbl.f1 <= $0)
+(14 rows)
+
+select sum(ss.tst::int) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+  select i.ten in (select f1 from int4_tbl where f1 <= o.hundred) as tst,
+         random() as r
+  from onek i where i.unique1 = o.unique1 ) ss
+where o.ten = 0;
+ sum 
+-----
+ 100
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test rescan of a SetOp node
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+    select * from onek i1 where i1.unique1 = o.unique1
+    except
+    select * from onek i2 where i2.unique1 = o.unique2
+  ) ss
+where o.ten = 1;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on onek o
+               Filter: (ten = 1)
+         ->  Subquery Scan on ss
+               ->  HashSetOp Except
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+                                 ->  Index Scan using onek_unique1 on onek i1
+                                       Index Cond: (unique1 = o.unique1)
+                           ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+                                 ->  Index Scan using onek_unique1 on onek i2
+                                       Index Cond: (unique1 = o.unique2)
+(13 rows)
+
+select count(*) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+    select * from onek i1 where i1.unique1 = o.unique1
+    except
+    select * from onek i2 where i2.unique1 = o.unique2
+  ) ss
+where o.ten = 1;
+ count 
+-------
+   100
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test rescan of a RecursiveUnion node
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select sum(o.four), sum(ss.a) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+    with recursive x(a) as
+      (select o.four as a
+       union
+       select a + 1 from x
+       where a < 10)
+    select * from x
+  ) ss
+where o.ten = 1;
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Seq Scan on onek o
+               Filter: (ten = 1)
+         ->  Memoize
+               Cache Key: o.four
+               Cache Mode: binary
+               ->  CTE Scan on x
+                     CTE x
+                       ->  Recursive Union
+                             ->  Result
+                             ->  WorkTable Scan on x x_1
+                                   Filter: (a < 10)
+(13 rows)
+
+select sum(o.four), sum(ss.a) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+    with recursive x(a) as
+      (select o.four as a
+       union
+       select a + 1 from x
+       where a < 10)
+    select * from x
+  ) ss
+where o.ten = 1;
+ sum  | sum  
+------+------
+ 1700 | 5350
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check we don't misoptimize a NOT IN where the subquery returns no rows.
+--
+create temp table notinouter (a int);
+create temp table notininner (b int not null);
+insert into notinouter values (null), (1);
+select * from notinouter where a not in (select b from notininner);
+ a 
+---
+  
+ 1
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check we behave sanely in corner case of empty SELECT list (bug #8648)
+--
+create temp table nocolumns();
+select exists(select * from nocolumns);
+ exists 
+--------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check behavior with a SubPlan in VALUES (bug #14924)
+--
+select val.x
+  from generate_series(1,10) as s(i),
+  lateral (
+    values ((select s.i + 1)), (s.i + 101)
+  ) as val(x)
+where s.i < 10 and (select val.x) < 110;
+  x  
+-----
+   2
+ 102
+   3
+ 103
+   4
+ 104
+   5
+ 105
+   6
+ 106
+   7
+ 107
+   8
+ 108
+   9
+ 109
+  10
+(17 rows)
+
+-- another variant of that (bug #16213)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+(values
+  (3 not in (select * from (values (1), (2)) ss1)),
+  (false)
+) ss;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+   Output: "*VALUES*".column1
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+           Output: "*VALUES*_1".column1
+(5 rows)
+
+select * from
+(values
+  (3 not in (select * from (values (1), (2)) ss1)),
+  (false)
+) ss;
+ column1 
+---------
+ t
+ f
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check sane behavior with nested IN SubLinks
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl where
+  (case when f1 in (select unique1 from tenk1 a) then f1 else null end) in
+  (select ten from tenk1 b);
+                                                                                      QUERY PLAN                                                                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Semi Join
+   Output: int4_tbl.f1
+   Join Filter: (CASE WHEN (hashed SubPlan 1) THEN int4_tbl.f1 ELSE NULL::integer END = b.ten)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl
+         Output: int4_tbl.f1
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.tenk1 b
+         Output: b.unique1, b.unique2, b.two, b.four, b.ten, b.twenty, b.hundred, b.thousand, b.twothousand, b.fivethous, b.tenthous, b.odd, b.even, b.stringu1, b.stringu2, b.string4
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on public.tenk1 a
+           Output: a.unique1
+(10 rows)
+
+select * from int4_tbl where
+  (case when f1 in (select unique1 from tenk1 a) then f1 else null end) in
+  (select ten from tenk1 b);
+ f1 
+----
+  0
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check for incorrect optimization when IN subquery contains a SRF
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl o where (f1, f1) in
+  (select f1, generate_series(1,50) / 10 g from int4_tbl i group by f1);
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Semi Join
+   Output: o.f1
+   Join Filter: (o.f1 = "ANY_subquery".f1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl o
+         Output: o.f1
+   ->  Materialize
+         Output: "ANY_subquery".f1, "ANY_subquery".g
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "ANY_subquery"
+               Output: "ANY_subquery".f1, "ANY_subquery".g
+               Filter: ("ANY_subquery".f1 = "ANY_subquery".g)
+               ->  Result
+                     Output: i.f1, ((generate_series(1, 50)) / 10)
+                     ->  ProjectSet
+                           Output: generate_series(1, 50), i.f1
+                           ->  HashAggregate
+                                 Output: i.f1
+                                 Group Key: i.f1
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i
+                                       Output: i.f1
+(19 rows)
+
+select * from int4_tbl o where (f1, f1) in
+  (select f1, generate_series(1,50) / 10 g from int4_tbl i group by f1);
+ f1 
+----
+  0
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- check for over-optimization of whole-row Var referencing an Append plan
+--
+select (select q from
+         (select 1,2,3 where f1 > 0
+          union all
+          select 4,5,6.0 where f1 <= 0
+         ) q )
+from int4_tbl;
+     q     
+-----------
+ (4,5,6.0)
+ (1,2,3)
+ (4,5,6.0)
+ (1,2,3)
+ (4,5,6.0)
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check for sane handling of a lateral reference in a subquery's quals
+-- (most of the complication here is to prevent the test case from being
+-- flattened too much)
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+    int4_tbl i4,
+    lateral (
+        select i4.f1 > 1 as b, 1 as id
+        from (select random() order by 1) as t1
+      union all
+        select true as b, 2 as id
+    ) as t2
+where b and f1 >= 0;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: i4.f1, ((i4.f1 > 1)), (1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl i4
+         Output: i4.f1
+         Filter: (i4.f1 >= 0)
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Subquery Scan on t1
+               Output: (i4.f1 > 1), 1
+               Filter: (i4.f1 > 1)
+               ->  Sort
+                     Output: (random())
+                     Sort Key: (random())
+                     ->  Result
+                           Output: random()
+         ->  Result
+               Output: true, 2
+(16 rows)
+
+select * from
+    int4_tbl i4,
+    lateral (
+        select i4.f1 > 1 as b, 1 as id
+        from (select random() order by 1) as t1
+      union all
+        select true as b, 2 as id
+    ) as t2
+where b and f1 >= 0;
+     f1     | b | id 
+------------+---+----
+          0 | t |  2
+     123456 | t |  1
+     123456 | t |  2
+ 2147483647 | t |  1
+ 2147483647 | t |  2
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check that volatile quals aren't pushed down past a DISTINCT:
+-- nextval() should not be called more than the nominal number of times
+--
+create temp sequence ts1;
+select * from
+  (select distinct ten from tenk1) ss
+  where ten < 10 + nextval('ts1')
+  order by 1;
+ ten 
+-----
+   0
+   1
+   2
+   3
+   4
+   5
+   6
+   7
+   8
+   9
+(10 rows)
+
+select nextval('ts1');
+ nextval 
+---------
+      11
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Check that volatile quals aren't pushed down past a set-returning function;
+-- while a nonvolatile qual can be, if it doesn't reference the SRF.
+--
+create function tattle(x int, y int) returns bool
+volatile language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'x = %, y = %', x, y;
+  return x > y;
+end$$;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, 8);
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on ss
+   Output: ss.x, ss.u
+   Filter: tattle(ss.x, 8)
+   ->  ProjectSet
+         Output: 9, unnest('{1,2,3,11,12,13}'::integer[])
+         ->  Result
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, 8);
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 8
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 8
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 8
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 8
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 8
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 8
+ x | u  
+---+----
+ 9 |  1
+ 9 |  2
+ 9 |  3
+ 9 | 11
+ 9 | 12
+ 9 | 13
+(6 rows)
+
+-- if we pretend it's stable, we get different results:
+alter function tattle(x int, y int) stable;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, 8);
+                     QUERY PLAN                     
+----------------------------------------------------
+ ProjectSet
+   Output: 9, unnest('{1,2,3,11,12,13}'::integer[])
+   ->  Result
+         One-Time Filter: tattle(9, 8)
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, 8);
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 8
+ x | u  
+---+----
+ 9 |  1
+ 9 |  2
+ 9 |  3
+ 9 | 11
+ 9 | 12
+ 9 | 13
+(6 rows)
+
+-- although even a stable qual should not be pushed down if it references SRF
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, u);
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on ss
+   Output: ss.x, ss.u
+   Filter: tattle(ss.x, ss.u)
+   ->  ProjectSet
+         Output: 9, unnest('{1,2,3,11,12,13}'::integer[])
+         ->  Result
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, u);
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 1
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 2
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 3
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 11
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 12
+NOTICE:  x = 9, y = 13
+ x | u 
+---+---
+ 9 | 1
+ 9 | 2
+ 9 | 3
+(3 rows)
+
+drop function tattle(x int, y int);
+--
+-- Test that LIMIT can be pushed to SORT through a subquery that just projects
+-- columns.  We check for that having happened by looking to see if EXPLAIN
+-- ANALYZE shows that a top-N sort was used.  We must suppress or filter away
+-- all the non-invariant parts of the EXPLAIN ANALYZE output.
+--
+create table sq_limit (pk int primary key, c1 int, c2 int);
+insert into sq_limit values
+    (1, 1, 1),
+    (2, 2, 2),
+    (3, 3, 3),
+    (4, 4, 4),
+    (5, 1, 1),
+    (6, 2, 2),
+    (7, 3, 3),
+    (8, 4, 4);
+create function explain_sq_limit() returns setof text language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in
+        explain (analyze, summary off, timing off, costs off)
+        select * from (select pk,c2 from sq_limit order by c1,pk) as x limit 3
+    loop
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Memory: \S*',  'Memory: xxx');
+        return next ln;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+select * from explain_sq_limit();
+                        explain_sq_limit                        
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit (actual rows=3 loops=1)
+   ->  Subquery Scan on x (actual rows=3 loops=1)
+         ->  Sort (actual rows=3 loops=1)
+               Sort Key: sq_limit.c1, sq_limit.pk
+               Sort Method: top-N heapsort  Memory: xxx
+               ->  Seq Scan on sq_limit (actual rows=8 loops=1)
+(6 rows)
+
+select * from (select pk,c2 from sq_limit order by c1,pk) as x limit 3;
+ pk | c2 
+----+----
+  1 |  1
+  5 |  1
+  2 |  2
+(3 rows)
+
+drop function explain_sq_limit();
+drop table sq_limit;
+--
+-- Ensure that backward scan direction isn't propagated into
+-- expression subqueries (bug #15336)
+--
+begin;
+declare c1 scroll cursor for
+ select * from generate_series(1,4) i
+  where i <> all (values (2),(3));
+move forward all in c1;
+fetch backward all in c1;
+ i 
+---
+ 4
+ 1
+(2 rows)
+
+commit;
+--
+-- Tests for CTE inlining behavior
+--
+-- Basic subquery that can be inlined
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from (select f1 from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x where f1 = 1;
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.subselect_tbl
+   Output: subselect_tbl.f1
+   Filter: (subselect_tbl.f1 = 1)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Explicitly request materialization
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as materialized (select * from (select f1 from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x where f1 = 1;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ CTE Scan on x
+   Output: x.f1
+   Filter: (x.f1 = 1)
+   CTE x
+     ->  Seq Scan on public.subselect_tbl
+           Output: subselect_tbl.f1
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Stable functions are safe to inline
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from (select f1, now() from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x where f1 = 1;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.subselect_tbl
+   Output: subselect_tbl.f1, now()
+   Filter: (subselect_tbl.f1 = 1)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Volatile functions prevent inlining
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from (select f1, random() from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x where f1 = 1;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ CTE Scan on x
+   Output: x.f1, x.random
+   Filter: (x.f1 = 1)
+   CTE x
+     ->  Seq Scan on public.subselect_tbl
+           Output: subselect_tbl.f1, random()
+(6 rows)
+
+-- SELECT FOR UPDATE cannot be inlined
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from (select f1 from subselect_tbl for update) ss)
+select * from x where f1 = 1;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CTE Scan on x
+   Output: x.f1
+   Filter: (x.f1 = 1)
+   CTE x
+     ->  Subquery Scan on ss
+           Output: ss.f1
+           ->  LockRows
+                 Output: subselect_tbl.f1, subselect_tbl.ctid
+                 ->  Seq Scan on public.subselect_tbl
+                       Output: subselect_tbl.f1, subselect_tbl.ctid
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Multiply-referenced CTEs are inlined only when requested
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from (select f1, now() as n from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x, x x2 where x.n = x2.n;
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Merge Join
+   Output: x.f1, x.n, x2.f1, x2.n
+   Merge Cond: (x.n = x2.n)
+   CTE x
+     ->  Seq Scan on public.subselect_tbl
+           Output: subselect_tbl.f1, now()
+   ->  Sort
+         Output: x.f1, x.n
+         Sort Key: x.n
+         ->  CTE Scan on x
+               Output: x.f1, x.n
+   ->  Sort
+         Output: x2.f1, x2.n
+         Sort Key: x2.n
+         ->  CTE Scan on x x2
+               Output: x2.f1, x2.n
+(16 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as not materialized (select * from (select f1, now() as n from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x, x x2 where x.n = x2.n;
+                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: subselect_tbl.f1, now(), subselect_tbl_1.f1, now()
+   One-Time Filter: (now() = now())
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         Output: subselect_tbl.f1, subselect_tbl_1.f1
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.subselect_tbl
+               Output: subselect_tbl.f1, subselect_tbl.f2, subselect_tbl.f3
+         ->  Materialize
+               Output: subselect_tbl_1.f1
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.subselect_tbl subselect_tbl_1
+                     Output: subselect_tbl_1.f1
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Multiply-referenced CTEs can't be inlined if they contain outer self-refs
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive x(a) as
+  ((values ('a'), ('b'))
+   union all
+   (with z as not materialized (select * from x)
+    select z.a || z1.a as a from z cross join z as z1
+    where length(z.a || z1.a) < 5))
+select * from x;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ CTE Scan on x
+   Output: x.a
+   CTE x
+     ->  Recursive Union
+           ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+                 Output: "*VALUES*".column1
+           ->  Nested Loop
+                 Output: (z.a || z1.a)
+                 Join Filter: (length((z.a || z1.a)) < 5)
+                 CTE z
+                   ->  WorkTable Scan on x x_1
+                         Output: x_1.a
+                 ->  CTE Scan on z
+                       Output: z.a
+                 ->  CTE Scan on z z1
+                       Output: z1.a
+(16 rows)
+
+with recursive x(a) as
+  ((values ('a'), ('b'))
+   union all
+   (with z as not materialized (select * from x)
+    select z.a || z1.a as a from z cross join z as z1
+    where length(z.a || z1.a) < 5))
+select * from x;
+  a   
+------
+ a
+ b
+ aa
+ ab
+ ba
+ bb
+ aaaa
+ aaab
+ aaba
+ aabb
+ abaa
+ abab
+ abba
+ abbb
+ baaa
+ baab
+ baba
+ babb
+ bbaa
+ bbab
+ bbba
+ bbbb
+(22 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive x(a) as
+  ((values ('a'), ('b'))
+   union all
+   (with z as not materialized (select * from x)
+    select z.a || z.a as a from z
+    where length(z.a || z.a) < 5))
+select * from x;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ CTE Scan on x
+   Output: x.a
+   CTE x
+     ->  Recursive Union
+           ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+                 Output: "*VALUES*".column1
+           ->  WorkTable Scan on x x_1
+                 Output: (x_1.a || x_1.a)
+                 Filter: (length((x_1.a || x_1.a)) < 5)
+(9 rows)
+
+with recursive x(a) as
+  ((values ('a'), ('b'))
+   union all
+   (with z as not materialized (select * from x)
+    select z.a || z.a as a from z
+    where length(z.a || z.a) < 5))
+select * from x;
+  a   
+------
+ a
+ b
+ aa
+ bb
+ aaaa
+ bbbb
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Check handling of outer references
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from int4_tbl)
+select * from (with y as (select * from x) select * from y) ss;
+         QUERY PLAN          
+-----------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl
+   Output: int4_tbl.f1
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as materialized (select * from int4_tbl)
+select * from (with y as (select * from x) select * from y) ss;
+             QUERY PLAN              
+-------------------------------------
+ CTE Scan on x
+   Output: x.f1
+   CTE x
+     ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl
+           Output: int4_tbl.f1
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Ensure that we inline the currect CTE when there are
+-- multiple CTEs with the same name
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select 1 as y)
+select * from (with x as (select 2 as y) select * from x) ss;
+ QUERY PLAN  
+-------------
+ Result
+   Output: 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Row marks are not pushed into CTEs
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from subselect_tbl)
+select * from x for update;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.subselect_tbl
+   Output: subselect_tbl.f1, subselect_tbl.f2, subselect_tbl.f3
+(2 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out b/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..579b861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+--
+-- Test assorted system views
+--
+-- This test is mainly meant to provide some code coverage for the
+-- set-returning functions that underlie certain system views.
+-- The output of most of these functions is very environment-dependent,
+-- so our ability to test with fixed expected output is pretty limited;
+-- but even a trivial check of count(*) will exercise the normal code path
+-- through the SRF.
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok from pg_available_extension_versions;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok from pg_available_extensions;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- The entire output of pg_backend_memory_contexts is not stable,
+-- we test only the existence and basic condition of TopMemoryContext.
+select name, ident, parent, level, total_bytes >= free_bytes
+  from pg_backend_memory_contexts where level = 0;
+       name       | ident | parent | level | ?column? 
+------------------+-------+--------+-------+----------
+ TopMemoryContext |       |        |     0 | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- At introduction, pg_config had 23 entries; it may grow
+select count(*) > 20 as ok from pg_config;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- We expect no cursors in this test; see also portals.sql
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_cursors;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok from pg_file_settings;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- There will surely be at least one rule, with no errors.
+select count(*) > 0 as ok, count(*) FILTER (WHERE error IS NOT NULL) = 0 AS no_err
+  from pg_hba_file_rules;
+ ok | no_err 
+----+--------
+ t  | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- There may be no rules, and there should be no errors.
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok, count(*) FILTER (WHERE error IS NOT NULL) = 0 AS no_err
+  from pg_ident_file_mappings;
+ ok | no_err 
+----+--------
+ t  | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- There will surely be at least one active lock
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from pg_locks;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- We expect no prepared statements in this test; see also prepare.sql
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_prepared_statements;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- See also prepared_xacts.sql
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok from pg_prepared_xacts;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- There will surely be at least one SLRU cache
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from pg_stat_slru;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- There must be only one record
+select count(*) = 1 as ok from pg_stat_wal;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- We expect no walreceiver running in this test
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_wal_receiver;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- This is to record the prevailing planner enable_foo settings during
+-- a regression test run.
+select name, setting from pg_settings where name like 'enable%';
+              name              | setting 
+--------------------------------+---------
+ enable_async_append            | on
+ enable_bitmapscan              | on
+ enable_gathermerge             | on
+ enable_hashagg                 | on
+ enable_hashjoin                | on
+ enable_incremental_sort        | on
+ enable_indexonlyscan           | on
+ enable_indexscan               | on
+ enable_material                | on
+ enable_memoize                 | on
+ enable_mergejoin               | on
+ enable_nestloop                | on
+ enable_parallel_append         | on
+ enable_parallel_hash           | on
+ enable_partition_pruning       | on
+ enable_partitionwise_aggregate | off
+ enable_partitionwise_join      | off
+ enable_seqscan                 | on
+ enable_sort                    | on
+ enable_tidscan                 | on
+(20 rows)
+
+-- Test that the pg_timezone_names and pg_timezone_abbrevs views are
+-- more-or-less working.  We can't test their contents in any great detail
+-- without the outputs changing anytime IANA updates the underlying data,
+-- but it seems reasonable to expect at least one entry per major meridian.
+-- (At the time of writing, the actual counts are around 38 because of
+-- zones using fractional GMT offsets, so this is a pretty loose test.)
+select count(distinct utc_offset) >= 24 as ok from pg_timezone_names;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select count(distinct utc_offset) >= 24 as ok from pg_timezone_abbrevs;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Let's check the non-default timezone abbreviation sets, too
+set timezone_abbreviations = 'Australia';
+select count(distinct utc_offset) >= 24 as ok from pg_timezone_abbrevs;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+set timezone_abbreviations = 'India';
+select count(distinct utc_offset) >= 24 as ok from pg_timezone_abbrevs;
+ ok 
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tablesample.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tablesample.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60bb4e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tablesample.out
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+CREATE TABLE test_tablesample (id int, name text) WITH (fillfactor=10);
+-- use fillfactor so we don't have to load too much data to get multiple pages
+INSERT INTO test_tablesample
+  SELECT i, repeat(i::text, 200) FROM generate_series(0, 9) s(i);
+SELECT t.id FROM test_tablesample AS t TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (0);
+ id 
+----
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (100.0/11) REPEATABLE (0);
+ id 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (0);
+ id 
+----
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (50) REPEATABLE (0);
+ id 
+----
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (5.5) REPEATABLE (0);
+ id 
+----
+  7
+(1 row)
+
+-- 100% should give repeatable count results (ie, all rows) in any case
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (100);
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (100) REPEATABLE (1+2);
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (100) REPEATABLE (0.4);
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE VIEW test_tablesample_v1 AS
+  SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (10*2) REPEATABLE (2);
+CREATE VIEW test_tablesample_v2 AS
+  SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (99);
+\d+ test_tablesample_v1
+                     View "public.test_tablesample_v1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT test_tablesample.id
+   FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE system ((10 * 2)) REPEATABLE (2);
+
+\d+ test_tablesample_v2
+                     View "public.test_tablesample_v2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ id     | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT test_tablesample.id
+   FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE system (99);
+
+-- check a sampled query doesn't affect cursor in progress
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE tablesample_cur SCROLL CURSOR FOR
+  SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (0);
+FETCH FIRST FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  3
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  4
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (0);
+ id 
+----
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+(6 rows)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  6
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  7
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  8
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH FIRST FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  3
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  4
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  5
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  6
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  7
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+ id 
+----
+  8
+(1 row)
+
+CLOSE tablesample_cur;
+END;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+  SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (2);
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sample Scan on test_tablesample
+   Sampling: system ('50'::real) REPEATABLE ('2'::double precision)
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+  SELECT * FROM test_tablesample_v1;
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sample Scan on test_tablesample
+   Sampling: system ('20'::real) REPEATABLE ('2'::double precision)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- check inheritance behavior
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from person tablesample bernoulli (100);
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Sample Scan on person person_1
+               Sampling: bernoulli ('100'::real)
+         ->  Sample Scan on emp person_2
+               Sampling: bernoulli ('100'::real)
+         ->  Sample Scan on student person_3
+               Sampling: bernoulli ('100'::real)
+         ->  Sample Scan on stud_emp person_4
+               Sampling: bernoulli ('100'::real)
+(10 rows)
+
+select count(*) from person tablesample bernoulli (100);
+ count 
+-------
+    58
+(1 row)
+
+select count(*) from person;
+ count 
+-------
+    58
+(1 row)
+
+-- check that collations get assigned within the tablesample arguments
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE bernoulli (('1'::text < '0'::text)::int);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- check behavior during rescans, as well as correct handling of min/max pct
+select * from
+  (values (0),(100)) v(pct),
+  lateral (select count(*) from tenk1 tablesample bernoulli (pct)) ss;
+ pct | count 
+-----+-------
+   0 |     0
+ 100 | 10000
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (values (0),(100)) v(pct),
+  lateral (select count(*) from tenk1 tablesample system (pct)) ss;
+ pct | count 
+-----+-------
+   0 |     0
+ 100 | 10000
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select pct, count(unique1) from
+  (values (0),(100)) v(pct),
+  lateral (select * from tenk1 tablesample bernoulli (pct)) ss
+  group by pct;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+         ->  Sample Scan on tenk1
+               Sampling: bernoulli ("*VALUES*".column1)
+(6 rows)
+
+select pct, count(unique1) from
+  (values (0),(100)) v(pct),
+  lateral (select * from tenk1 tablesample bernoulli (pct)) ss
+  group by pct;
+ pct | count 
+-----+-------
+ 100 | 10000
+(1 row)
+
+select pct, count(unique1) from
+  (values (0),(100)) v(pct),
+  lateral (select * from tenk1 tablesample system (pct)) ss
+  group by pct;
+ pct | count 
+-----+-------
+ 100 | 10000
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE FOOBAR (1);
+ERROR:  tablesample method foobar does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE FOOBAR (1);
+                                                    ^
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (NULL);
+ERROR:  TABLESAMPLE parameter cannot be null
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (NULL);
+ERROR:  TABLESAMPLE REPEATABLE parameter cannot be null
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (-1);
+ERROR:  sample percentage must be between 0 and 100
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (200);
+ERROR:  sample percentage must be between 0 and 100
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (-1);
+ERROR:  sample percentage must be between 0 and 100
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (200);
+ERROR:  sample percentage must be between 0 and 100
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample_v1 TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (1);
+ERROR:  TABLESAMPLE clause can only be applied to tables and materialized views
+LINE 1: SELECT id FROM test_tablesample_v1 TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (1)...
+                       ^
+INSERT INTO test_tablesample_v1 VALUES(1);
+ERROR:  cannot insert into view "test_tablesample_v1"
+DETAIL:  Views containing TABLESAMPLE are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable inserting into the view, provide an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger or an unconditional ON INSERT DO INSTEAD rule.
+WITH query_select AS (SELECT * FROM test_tablesample)
+SELECT * FROM query_select TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (5.5) REPEATABLE (1);
+ERROR:  TABLESAMPLE clause can only be applied to tables and materialized views
+LINE 2: SELECT * FROM query_select TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (5.5) REPEA...
+                      ^
+SELECT q.* FROM (SELECT * FROM test_tablesample) as q TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (5);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "TABLESAMPLE"
+LINE 1: ...CT q.* FROM (SELECT * FROM test_tablesample) as q TABLESAMPL...
+                                                             ^
+-- check partitioned tables support tablesample
+create table parted_sample (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_sample_1 partition of parted_sample for values in (1);
+create table parted_sample_2 partition of parted_sample for values in (2);
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from parted_sample tablesample bernoulli (100);
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Sample Scan on parted_sample_1
+         Sampling: bernoulli ('100'::real)
+   ->  Sample Scan on parted_sample_2
+         Sampling: bernoulli ('100'::real)
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table parted_sample, parted_sample_1, parted_sample_2;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tablespace.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tablespace.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c52cf1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tablespace.out
@@ -0,0 +1,970 @@
+-- relative tablespace locations are not allowed
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tblspace LOCATION 'relative'; -- fail
+ERROR:  tablespace location must be an absolute path
+-- empty tablespace locations are not usually allowed
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tblspace LOCATION ''; -- fail
+ERROR:  tablespace location must be an absolute path
+-- as a special developer-only option to allow us to use tablespaces
+-- with streaming replication on the same server, an empty location
+-- can be allowed as a way to say that the tablespace should be created
+-- as a directory in pg_tblspc, rather than being a symlink
+SET allow_in_place_tablespaces = true;
+-- create a tablespace using WITH clause
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tblspacewith LOCATION '' WITH (some_nonexistent_parameter = true); -- fail
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "some_nonexistent_parameter"
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tblspacewith LOCATION '' WITH (random_page_cost = 3.0); -- ok
+-- check to see the parameter was used
+SELECT spcoptions FROM pg_tablespace WHERE spcname = 'regress_tblspacewith';
+       spcoptions       
+------------------------
+ {random_page_cost=3.0}
+(1 row)
+
+-- drop the tablespace so we can re-use the location
+DROP TABLESPACE regress_tblspacewith;
+-- create a tablespace we can use
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tblspace LOCATION '';
+-- This returns a relative path as of an effect of allow_in_place_tablespaces,
+-- masking the tablespace OID used in the path name.
+SELECT regexp_replace(pg_tablespace_location(oid), '(pg_tblspc)/(\d+)', '\1/NNN')
+  FROM pg_tablespace  WHERE spcname = 'regress_tblspace';
+ regexp_replace 
+----------------
+ pg_tblspc/NNN
+(1 row)
+
+-- try setting and resetting some properties for the new tablespace
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace SET (random_page_cost = 1.0, seq_page_cost = 1.1);
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace SET (some_nonexistent_parameter = true);  -- fail
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "some_nonexistent_parameter"
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace RESET (random_page_cost = 2.0); -- fail
+ERROR:  RESET must not include values for parameters
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace RESET (random_page_cost, effective_io_concurrency); -- ok
+-- REINDEX (TABLESPACE)
+-- catalogs and system tablespaces
+-- system catalog, fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE pg_am;
+ERROR:  cannot move system relation "pg_am_name_index"
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_am;
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+-- shared catalog, fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE pg_authid;
+ERROR:  cannot move system relation "pg_authid_rolname_index"
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_authid;
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+-- toast relations, fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) INDEX pg_toast.pg_toast_1260_index;
+ERROR:  cannot move system relation "pg_toast_1260_index"
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) INDEX CONCURRENTLY pg_toast.pg_toast_1260_index;
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE pg_toast.pg_toast_1260;
+ERROR:  cannot move system relation "pg_toast_1260_index"
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_toast.pg_toast_1260;
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+-- system catalog, fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_global) TABLE pg_authid;
+ERROR:  cannot move system relation "pg_authid_rolname_index"
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_global) TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_authid;
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+-- table with toast relation
+CREATE TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1 bigint, num2 double precision, t text);
+INSERT INTO regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1, num2, t)
+  SELECT round(random()*100), random(), 'text'
+  FROM generate_series(1, 10) s(i);
+CREATE INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx ON regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1);
+-- move to global tablespace, fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_global) INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx;
+ERROR:  only shared relations can be placed in pg_global tablespace
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_global) INDEX CONCURRENTLY regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx;
+ERROR:  cannot move non-shared relation to tablespace "pg_global"
+-- check transactional behavior of REINDEX (TABLESPACE)
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- no relation moved to the new tablespace
+SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c, pg_tablespace s
+  WHERE c.reltablespace = s.oid AND s.spcname = 'regress_tblspace';
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- check that all indexes are moved to a new tablespace with different
+-- relfilenode.
+-- Save first the existing relfilenode for the toast and main relations.
+SELECT relfilenode as main_filenode FROM pg_class
+  WHERE relname = 'regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx' \gset
+SELECT relfilenode as toast_filenode FROM pg_class
+  WHERE oid =
+    (SELECT i.indexrelid
+       FROM pg_class c,
+            pg_index i
+       WHERE i.indrelid = c.reltoastrelid AND
+             c.relname = 'regress_tblspace_test_tbl') \gset
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
+SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c, pg_tablespace s
+  WHERE c.reltablespace = s.oid AND s.spcname = 'regress_tblspace'
+  ORDER BY c.relname;
+            relname            
+-------------------------------
+ regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c, pg_tablespace s
+  WHERE c.reltablespace = s.oid AND s.spcname = 'regress_tblspace'
+  ORDER BY c.relname;
+            relname            
+-------------------------------
+ regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx
+(1 row)
+
+-- Move back to the default tablespace.
+ALTER INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c, pg_tablespace s
+  WHERE c.reltablespace = s.oid AND s.spcname = 'regress_tblspace'
+  ORDER BY c.relname;
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace, CONCURRENTLY) TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
+SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c, pg_tablespace s
+  WHERE c.reltablespace = s.oid AND s.spcname = 'regress_tblspace'
+  ORDER BY c.relname;
+            relname            
+-------------------------------
+ regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT relfilenode = :main_filenode AS main_same FROM pg_class
+  WHERE relname = 'regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx';
+ main_same 
+-----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT relfilenode = :toast_filenode as toast_same FROM pg_class
+  WHERE oid =
+    (SELECT i.indexrelid
+       FROM pg_class c,
+            pg_index i
+       WHERE i.indrelid = c.reltoastrelid AND
+             c.relname = 'regress_tblspace_test_tbl');
+ toast_same 
+------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
+-- REINDEX (TABLESPACE) with partitions
+-- Create a partition tree and check the set of relations reindexed
+-- with their new tablespace.
+CREATE TABLE tbspace_reindex_part (c1 int, c2 int) PARTITION BY RANGE (c1);
+CREATE TABLE tbspace_reindex_part_0 PARTITION OF tbspace_reindex_part
+  FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10) PARTITION BY list (c2);
+CREATE TABLE tbspace_reindex_part_0_1 PARTITION OF tbspace_reindex_part_0
+  FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE tbspace_reindex_part_0_2 PARTITION OF tbspace_reindex_part_0
+  FOR VALUES IN (2);
+-- This partitioned table will have no partitions.
+CREATE TABLE tbspace_reindex_part_10 PARTITION OF tbspace_reindex_part
+   FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20) PARTITION BY list (c2);
+-- Create some partitioned indexes
+CREATE INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index ON ONLY tbspace_reindex_part (c1);
+CREATE INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_0 ON ONLY tbspace_reindex_part_0 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index ATTACH PARTITION tbspace_reindex_part_index_0;
+-- This partitioned index will have no partitions.
+CREATE INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_10 ON ONLY tbspace_reindex_part_10 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index ATTACH PARTITION tbspace_reindex_part_index_10;
+CREATE INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_1 ON ONLY tbspace_reindex_part_0_1 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_0 ATTACH PARTITION tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_1;
+CREATE INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_2 ON ONLY tbspace_reindex_part_0_2 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_0 ATTACH PARTITION tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_2;
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('tbspace_reindex_part_index')
+  ORDER BY relid, level;
+             relid              |         parentrelid          | level 
+--------------------------------+------------------------------+-------
+ tbspace_reindex_part_index     |                              |     0
+ tbspace_reindex_part_index_0   | tbspace_reindex_part_index   |     1
+ tbspace_reindex_part_index_10  | tbspace_reindex_part_index   |     1
+ tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_1 | tbspace_reindex_part_index_0 |     2
+ tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_2 | tbspace_reindex_part_index_0 |     2
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Track the original tablespace, relfilenode and OID of each index
+-- in the tree.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE reindex_temp_before AS
+  SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, reltablespace
+  FROM pg_class
+    WHERE relname ~ 'tbspace_reindex_part_index';
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace, CONCURRENTLY) TABLE tbspace_reindex_part;
+-- REINDEX CONCURRENTLY changes the OID of the old relation, hence a check
+-- based on the relation name below.
+SELECT b.relname,
+       CASE WHEN a.relfilenode = b.relfilenode THEN 'relfilenode is unchanged'
+       ELSE 'relfilenode has changed' END AS filenode,
+       CASE WHEN a.reltablespace = b.reltablespace THEN 'reltablespace is unchanged'
+       ELSE 'reltablespace has changed' END AS tbspace
+  FROM reindex_temp_before b JOIN pg_class a ON b.relname = a.relname
+  ORDER BY 1;
+            relname             |         filenode         |          tbspace           
+--------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------
+ tbspace_reindex_part_index     | relfilenode is unchanged | reltablespace is unchanged
+ tbspace_reindex_part_index_0   | relfilenode is unchanged | reltablespace is unchanged
+ tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_1 | relfilenode has changed  | reltablespace has changed
+ tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_2 | relfilenode has changed  | reltablespace has changed
+ tbspace_reindex_part_index_10  | relfilenode is unchanged | reltablespace is unchanged
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE tbspace_reindex_part;
+-- create a schema we can use
+CREATE SCHEMA testschema;
+-- try a table
+CREATE TABLE testschema.foo (i int) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t, pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    where c.reltablespace = t.oid AND c.relname = 'foo';
+ relname |     spcname      
+---------+------------------
+ foo     | regress_tblspace
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO testschema.foo VALUES(1);
+INSERT INTO testschema.foo VALUES(2);
+-- tables from dynamic sources
+CREATE TABLE testschema.asselect TABLESPACE regress_tblspace AS SELECT 1;
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t, pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    where c.reltablespace = t.oid AND c.relname = 'asselect';
+ relname  |     spcname      
+----------+------------------
+ asselect | regress_tblspace
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE selectsource(int) AS SELECT $1;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.asexecute TABLESPACE regress_tblspace
+    AS EXECUTE selectsource(2);
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t, pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    where c.reltablespace = t.oid AND c.relname = 'asexecute';
+  relname  |     spcname      
+-----------+------------------
+ asexecute | regress_tblspace
+(1 row)
+
+-- index
+CREATE INDEX foo_idx on testschema.foo(i) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t, pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    where c.reltablespace = t.oid AND c.relname = 'foo_idx';
+ relname |     spcname      
+---------+------------------
+ foo_idx | regress_tblspace
+(1 row)
+
+-- check \d output
+\d testschema.foo
+              Table "testschema.foo"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ i      | integer |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "foo_idx" btree (i), tablespace "regress_tblspace"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.foo_idx
+      Index "testschema.foo_idx"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ i      | integer | yes  | i
+btree, for table "testschema.foo"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+--
+-- partitioned table
+--
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+SET default_tablespace TO pg_global;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_1 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ERROR:  only shared relations can be placed in pg_global tablespace
+RESET default_tablespace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_1 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+SET default_tablespace TO regress_tblspace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_2 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (2);
+SET default_tablespace TO pg_global;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_3 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (3);
+ERROR:  only shared relations can be placed in pg_global tablespace
+ALTER TABLE testschema.part SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_3 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (3);
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_4 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (4)
+  TABLESPACE pg_default;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_56 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (5, 6)
+  PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ALTER TABLE testschema.part SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_78 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (7, 8)
+  PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ERROR:  only shared relations can be placed in pg_global tablespace
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_910 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (9, 10)
+  PARTITION BY LIST (a) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+RESET default_tablespace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_78 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (7, 8)
+  PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON (c.relnamespace = n.oid)
+    LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t ON c.reltablespace = t.oid
+    where c.relname LIKE 'part%' AND n.nspname = 'testschema' order by relname;
+ relname  |     spcname      
+----------+------------------
+ part     | 
+ part_1   | 
+ part_2   | regress_tblspace
+ part_3   | regress_tblspace
+ part_4   | 
+ part_56  | regress_tblspace
+ part_78  | 
+ part_910 | regress_tblspace
+(8 rows)
+
+RESET default_tablespace;
+DROP TABLE testschema.part;
+-- partitioned index
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part1 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE INDEX part_a_idx ON testschema.part (a) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part2 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (2);
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t, pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    where c.reltablespace = t.oid AND c.relname LIKE 'part%_idx';
+   relname   |     spcname      
+-------------+------------------
+ part1_a_idx | regress_tblspace
+ part2_a_idx | regress_tblspace
+ part_a_idx  | regress_tblspace
+(3 rows)
+
+\d testschema.part
+        Partitioned table "testschema.part"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition key: LIST (a)
+Indexes:
+    "part_a_idx" btree (a), tablespace "regress_tblspace"
+Number of partitions: 2 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d+ testschema.part
+                           Partitioned table "testschema.part"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition key: LIST (a)
+Indexes:
+    "part_a_idx" btree (a), tablespace "regress_tblspace"
+Partitions: testschema.part1 FOR VALUES IN (1),
+            testschema.part2 FOR VALUES IN (2)
+
+\d testschema.part1
+             Table "testschema.part1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (1)
+Indexes:
+    "part1_a_idx" btree (a), tablespace "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d+ testschema.part1
+                                 Table "testschema.part1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Partition of: testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (1)
+Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 1))
+Indexes:
+    "part1_a_idx" btree (a), tablespace "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.part_a_idx
+Partitioned index "testschema.part_a_idx"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ a      | integer | yes  | a
+btree, for table "testschema.part"
+Number of partitions: 2 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d+ testschema.part_a_idx
+           Partitioned index "testschema.part_a_idx"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition | Storage | Stats target 
+--------+---------+------+------------+---------+--------------
+ a      | integer | yes  | a          | plain   | 
+btree, for table "testschema.part"
+Partitions: testschema.part1_a_idx,
+            testschema.part2_a_idx
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+-- partitioned rels cannot specify the default tablespace.  These fail:
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (a) TABLESPACE pg_default;
+ERROR:  cannot specify default tablespace for partitioned relations
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt (a int PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX TABLESPACE pg_default) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ERROR:  cannot specify default tablespace for partitioned relations
+SET default_tablespace TO 'pg_default';
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (a) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ERROR:  cannot specify default tablespace for partitioned relations
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt (a int PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ERROR:  cannot specify default tablespace for partitioned relations
+-- but these work:
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt (a int PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) PARTITION BY LIST (a) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+SET default_tablespace TO '';
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt2 (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+DROP TABLE testschema.dflt, testschema.dflt2;
+-- check that default_tablespace doesn't affect ALTER TABLE index rebuilds
+CREATE TABLE testschema.test_default_tab(id bigint) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+INSERT INTO testschema.test_default_tab VALUES (1);
+CREATE INDEX test_index1 on testschema.test_default_tab (id);
+CREATE INDEX test_index2 on testschema.test_default_tab (id) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ADD CONSTRAINT test_index3 PRIMARY KEY (id);
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ADD CONSTRAINT test_index4 UNIQUE (id) USING INDEX TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+   Index "testschema.test_index1"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+
+\d testschema.test_index2
+   Index "testschema.test_index2"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_index3
+   Index "testschema.test_index3"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+primary key, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+
+\d testschema.test_index4
+   Index "testschema.test_index4"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+-- use a custom tablespace for default_tablespace
+SET default_tablespace TO regress_tblspace;
+-- tablespace should not change if no rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ALTER id TYPE bigint;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+   Index "testschema.test_index1"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+
+\d testschema.test_index2
+   Index "testschema.test_index2"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_index3
+   Index "testschema.test_index3"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+primary key, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+
+\d testschema.test_index4
+   Index "testschema.test_index4"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+SELECT * FROM testschema.test_default_tab;
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+-- tablespace should not change even if there is an index rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ALTER id TYPE int;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+    Index "testschema.test_index1"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ id     | integer | yes  | id
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+
+\d testschema.test_index2
+    Index "testschema.test_index2"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ id     | integer | yes  | id
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_index3
+    Index "testschema.test_index3"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ id     | integer | yes  | id
+primary key, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+
+\d testschema.test_index4
+    Index "testschema.test_index4"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ id     | integer | yes  | id
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+SELECT * FROM testschema.test_default_tab;
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+-- now use the default tablespace for default_tablespace
+SET default_tablespace TO '';
+-- tablespace should not change if no rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ALTER id TYPE int;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+    Index "testschema.test_index1"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ id     | integer | yes  | id
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+
+\d testschema.test_index2
+    Index "testschema.test_index2"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ id     | integer | yes  | id
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_index3
+    Index "testschema.test_index3"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ id     | integer | yes  | id
+primary key, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+
+\d testschema.test_index4
+    Index "testschema.test_index4"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ id     | integer | yes  | id
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+-- tablespace should not change even if there is an index rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ALTER id TYPE bigint;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+   Index "testschema.test_index1"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+
+\d testschema.test_index2
+   Index "testschema.test_index2"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_index3
+   Index "testschema.test_index3"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+primary key, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+
+\d testschema.test_index4
+   Index "testschema.test_index4"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+DROP TABLE testschema.test_default_tab;
+-- check that default_tablespace doesn't affect ALTER TABLE index rebuilds
+-- (this time with a partitioned table)
+CREATE TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p(id bigint, val bigint)
+    PARTITION BY LIST (id) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p1 PARTITION OF testschema.test_default_tab_p
+    FOR VALUES IN (1);
+INSERT INTO testschema.test_default_tab_p VALUES (1);
+CREATE INDEX test_index1 on testschema.test_default_tab_p (val);
+CREATE INDEX test_index2 on testschema.test_default_tab_p (val) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ADD CONSTRAINT test_index3 PRIMARY KEY (id);
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ADD CONSTRAINT test_index4 UNIQUE (id) USING INDEX TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index1"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ val    | bigint | yes  | val
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d testschema.test_index2
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index2"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ val    | bigint | yes  | val
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_index3
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index3"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+primary key, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d testschema.test_index4
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index4"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+-- use a custom tablespace for default_tablespace
+SET default_tablespace TO regress_tblspace;
+-- tablespace should not change if no rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ALTER val TYPE bigint;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index1"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ val    | bigint | yes  | val
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d testschema.test_index2
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index2"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ val    | bigint | yes  | val
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_index3
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index3"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+primary key, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d testschema.test_index4
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index4"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+SELECT * FROM testschema.test_default_tab_p;
+ id | val 
+----+-----
+  1 |    
+(1 row)
+
+-- tablespace should not change even if there is an index rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ALTER val TYPE int;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index1"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ val    | integer | yes  | val
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d testschema.test_index2
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index2"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ val    | integer | yes  | val
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_index3
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index3"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+primary key, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d testschema.test_index4
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index4"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+SELECT * FROM testschema.test_default_tab_p;
+ id | val 
+----+-----
+  1 |    
+(1 row)
+
+-- now use the default tablespace for default_tablespace
+SET default_tablespace TO '';
+-- tablespace should not change if no rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ALTER val TYPE int;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index1"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ val    | integer | yes  | val
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d testschema.test_index2
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index2"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ val    | integer | yes  | val
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_index3
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index3"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+primary key, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d testschema.test_index4
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index4"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+-- tablespace should not change even if there is an index rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ALTER val TYPE bigint;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index1"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ val    | bigint | yes  | val
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d testschema.test_index2
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index2"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ val    | bigint | yes  | val
+btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_index3
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index3"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+primary key, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+
+\d testschema.test_index4
+Partitioned index "testschema.test_index4"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ id     | bigint | yes  | id
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_default_tab_p"
+Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+DROP TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p;
+-- check that default_tablespace affects index additions in ALTER TABLE
+CREATE TABLE testschema.test_tab(id int) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+INSERT INTO testschema.test_tab VALUES (1);
+SET default_tablespace TO regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_tab ADD CONSTRAINT test_tab_unique UNIQUE (id);
+SET default_tablespace TO '';
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_tab ADD CONSTRAINT test_tab_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+\d testschema.test_tab_unique
+  Index "testschema.test_tab_unique"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ id     | integer | yes  | id
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_tab_pkey
+   Index "testschema.test_tab_pkey"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ id     | integer | yes  | id
+primary key, btree, for table "testschema.test_tab"
+
+SELECT * FROM testschema.test_tab;
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE testschema.test_tab;
+-- check that default_tablespace is handled correctly by multi-command
+-- ALTER TABLE that includes a tablespace-preserving rewrite
+CREATE TABLE testschema.test_tab(a int, b int, c int);
+SET default_tablespace TO regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_tab ADD CONSTRAINT test_tab_unique UNIQUE (a);
+CREATE INDEX test_tab_a_idx ON testschema.test_tab (a);
+SET default_tablespace TO '';
+CREATE INDEX test_tab_b_idx ON testschema.test_tab (b);
+\d testschema.test_tab_unique
+  Index "testschema.test_tab_unique"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ a      | integer | yes  | a
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_tab_a_idx
+  Index "testschema.test_tab_a_idx"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ a      | integer | yes  | a
+btree, for table "testschema.test_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_tab_b_idx
+  Index "testschema.test_tab_b_idx"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ b      | integer | yes  | b
+btree, for table "testschema.test_tab"
+
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_tab ALTER b TYPE bigint, ADD UNIQUE (c);
+\d testschema.test_tab_unique
+  Index "testschema.test_tab_unique"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ a      | integer | yes  | a
+unique, btree, for table "testschema.test_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_tab_a_idx
+  Index "testschema.test_tab_a_idx"
+ Column |  Type   | Key? | Definition 
+--------+---------+------+------------
+ a      | integer | yes  | a
+btree, for table "testschema.test_tab"
+Tablespace: "regress_tblspace"
+
+\d testschema.test_tab_b_idx
+  Index "testschema.test_tab_b_idx"
+ Column |  Type  | Key? | Definition 
+--------+--------+------+------------
+ b      | bigint | yes  | b
+btree, for table "testschema.test_tab"
+
+DROP TABLE testschema.test_tab;
+-- let's try moving a table from one place to another
+CREATE TABLE testschema.atable AS VALUES (1), (2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX anindex ON testschema.atable(column1);
+ALTER TABLE testschema.atable SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER INDEX testschema.anindex SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER INDEX testschema.part_a_idx SET TABLESPACE pg_global;
+ERROR:  only shared relations can be placed in pg_global tablespace
+ALTER INDEX testschema.part_a_idx SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+ALTER INDEX testschema.part_a_idx SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+INSERT INTO testschema.atable VALUES(3);	-- ok
+INSERT INTO testschema.atable VALUES(1);	-- fail (checks index)
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "anindex"
+DETAIL:  Key (column1)=(1) already exists.
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM testschema.atable;		-- checks heap
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- let's try moving a materialized view from one place to another
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW testschema.amv AS SELECT * FROM testschema.atable;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW testschema.amv SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW testschema.amv;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM testschema.amv;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- Will fail with bad path
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_badspace LOCATION '/no/such/location';
+ERROR:  directory "/no/such/location" does not exist
+-- No such tablespace
+CREATE TABLE bar (i int) TABLESPACE regress_nosuchspace;
+ERROR:  tablespace "regress_nosuchspace" does not exist
+-- Fail, in use for some partitioned object
+DROP TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ERROR:  tablespace "regress_tblspace" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  tablespace for index testschema.part_a_idx
+ALTER INDEX testschema.part_a_idx SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+-- Fail, not empty
+DROP TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ERROR:  tablespace "regress_tblspace" is not empty
+CREATE ROLE regress_tablespace_user1 login;
+CREATE ROLE regress_tablespace_user2 login;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA testschema TO regress_tablespace_user2;
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace OWNER TO regress_tablespace_user1;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.tablespace_acl (c int);
+-- new owner lacks permission to create this index from scratch
+CREATE INDEX k ON testschema.tablespace_acl (c) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE testschema.tablespace_acl OWNER TO regress_tablespace_user2;
+SET SESSION ROLE regress_tablespace_user2;
+CREATE TABLE tablespace_table (i int) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for tablespace regress_tblspace
+ALTER TABLE testschema.tablespace_acl ALTER c TYPE bigint;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE tablespace_table; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for tablespace regress_tblspace
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace, CONCURRENTLY) TABLE tablespace_table; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied for tablespace regress_tblspace
+RESET ROLE;
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace RENAME TO regress_tblspace_renamed;
+ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+ALTER INDEX ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+-- Should show notice that nothing was done
+ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+NOTICE:  no matching relations in tablespace "regress_tblspace_renamed" found
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+NOTICE:  no matching relations in tablespace "regress_tblspace_renamed" found
+-- Should succeed
+DROP TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed;
+DROP SCHEMA testschema CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 7 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table testschema.foo
+drop cascades to table testschema.asselect
+drop cascades to table testschema.asexecute
+drop cascades to table testschema.part
+drop cascades to table testschema.atable
+drop cascades to materialized view testschema.amv
+drop cascades to table testschema.tablespace_acl
+DROP ROLE regress_tablespace_user1;
+DROP ROLE regress_tablespace_user2;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/temp.out b/src/test/regress/expected/temp.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a246a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/temp.out
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+--
+-- TEMP
+-- Test temp relations and indexes
+--
+-- test temp table/index masking
+CREATE TABLE temptest(col int);
+CREATE INDEX i_temptest ON temptest(col);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(tcol int);
+CREATE INDEX i_temptest ON temptest(tcol);
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ tcol 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP INDEX i_temptest;
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ col 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP INDEX i_temptest;
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+-- test temp table selects
+CREATE TABLE temptest(col int);
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (1);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(tcol float);
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (2.1);
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ tcol 
+------
+  2.1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ col 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+-- test temp table deletion
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(col int);
+\c
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ERROR:  relation "temptest" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM temptest;
+                      ^
+-- Test ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(col int) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+-- while we're here, verify successful truncation of index with SQL function
+CREATE INDEX ON temptest(bit_length(''));
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (2);
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ col 
+-----
+   1
+   2
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ col 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(col) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS AS SELECT 1;
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ col 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ col 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+-- Test ON COMMIT DROP
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(col int) ON COMMIT DROP;
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (2);
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ col 
+-----
+   1
+   2
+(2 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ERROR:  relation "temptest" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM temptest;
+                      ^
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(col) ON COMMIT DROP AS SELECT 1;
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ col 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ERROR:  relation "temptest" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM temptest;
+                      ^
+-- Test it with a CHECK condition that produces a toasted pg_constraint entry
+BEGIN;
+do $$
+begin
+  execute format($cmd$
+    CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest (col text CHECK (col < %L)) ON COMMIT DROP
+  $cmd$,
+    (SELECT string_agg(g.i::text || ':' || random()::text, '|')
+     FROM generate_series(1, 100) g(i)));
+end$$;
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ col 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+ERROR:  relation "temptest" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM temptest;
+                      ^
+-- ON COMMIT is only allowed for TEMP
+CREATE TABLE temptest(col int) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+ERROR:  ON COMMIT can only be used on temporary tables
+CREATE TABLE temptest(col) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS AS SELECT 1;
+ERROR:  ON COMMIT can only be used on temporary tables
+-- Test foreign keys
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest1(col int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest2(col int REFERENCES temptest1)
+  ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+INSERT INTO temptest1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO temptest2 VALUES (1);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM temptest1;
+ col 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest2;
+ col 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest3(col int PRIMARY KEY) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest4(col int REFERENCES temptest3);
+COMMIT;
+ERROR:  unsupported ON COMMIT and foreign key combination
+DETAIL:  Table "temptest4" references "temptest3", but they do not have the same ON COMMIT setting.
+-- Test manipulation of temp schema's placement in search path
+create table public.whereami (f1 text);
+insert into public.whereami values ('public');
+create temp table whereami (f1 text);
+insert into whereami values ('temp');
+create function public.whoami() returns text
+  as $$select 'public'::text$$ language sql;
+create function pg_temp.whoami() returns text
+  as $$select 'temp'::text$$ language sql;
+-- default should have pg_temp implicitly first, but only for tables
+select * from whereami;
+  f1  
+------
+ temp
+(1 row)
+
+select whoami();
+ whoami 
+--------
+ public
+(1 row)
+
+-- can list temp first explicitly, but it still doesn't affect functions
+set search_path = pg_temp, public;
+select * from whereami;
+  f1  
+------
+ temp
+(1 row)
+
+select whoami();
+ whoami 
+--------
+ public
+(1 row)
+
+-- or put it last for security
+set search_path = public, pg_temp;
+select * from whereami;
+   f1   
+--------
+ public
+(1 row)
+
+select whoami();
+ whoami 
+--------
+ public
+(1 row)
+
+-- you can invoke a temp function explicitly, though
+select pg_temp.whoami();
+ whoami 
+--------
+ temp
+(1 row)
+
+drop table public.whereami;
+-- types in temp schema
+set search_path = pg_temp, public;
+create domain pg_temp.nonempty as text check (value <> '');
+-- function-syntax invocation of types matches rules for functions
+select nonempty('');
+ERROR:  function nonempty(unknown) does not exist
+LINE 1: select nonempty('');
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select pg_temp.nonempty('');
+ERROR:  value for domain nonempty violates check constraint "nonempty_check"
+-- other syntax matches rules for tables
+select ''::nonempty;
+ERROR:  value for domain nonempty violates check constraint "nonempty_check"
+reset search_path;
+-- For partitioned temp tables, ON COMMIT actions ignore storage-less
+-- partitioned tables.
+begin;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit (a int)
+  partition by list (a) on commit delete rows;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_1
+  partition of temp_parted_oncommit
+  for values in (1) on commit delete rows;
+insert into temp_parted_oncommit values (1);
+commit;
+-- partitions are emptied by the previous commit
+select * from temp_parted_oncommit;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+drop table temp_parted_oncommit;
+-- Check dependencies between ON COMMIT actions with a partitioned
+-- table and its partitions.  Using ON COMMIT DROP on a parent removes
+-- the whole set.
+begin;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test (a int)
+  partition by list (a) on commit drop;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test1
+  partition of temp_parted_oncommit_test
+  for values in (1) on commit delete rows;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test2
+  partition of temp_parted_oncommit_test
+  for values in (2) on commit drop;
+insert into temp_parted_oncommit_test values (1), (2);
+commit;
+-- no relations remain in this case.
+select relname from pg_class where relname ~ '^temp_parted_oncommit_test';
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Using ON COMMIT DELETE on a partitioned table does not remove
+-- all rows if partitions preserve their data.
+begin;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test (a int)
+  partition by list (a) on commit delete rows;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test1
+  partition of temp_parted_oncommit_test
+  for values in (1) on commit preserve rows;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test2
+  partition of temp_parted_oncommit_test
+  for values in (2) on commit drop;
+insert into temp_parted_oncommit_test values (1), (2);
+commit;
+-- Data from the remaining partition is still here as its rows are
+-- preserved.
+select * from temp_parted_oncommit_test;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- two relations remain in this case.
+select relname from pg_class where relname ~ '^temp_parted_oncommit_test'
+  order by relname;
+          relname           
+----------------------------
+ temp_parted_oncommit_test
+ temp_parted_oncommit_test1
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table temp_parted_oncommit_test;
+-- Check dependencies between ON COMMIT actions with inheritance trees.
+-- Using ON COMMIT DROP on a parent removes the whole set.
+begin;
+create temp table temp_inh_oncommit_test (a int) on commit drop;
+create temp table temp_inh_oncommit_test1 ()
+  inherits(temp_inh_oncommit_test) on commit delete rows;
+insert into temp_inh_oncommit_test1 values (1);
+commit;
+-- no relations remain in this case
+select relname from pg_class where relname ~ '^temp_inh_oncommit_test';
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Data on the parent is removed, and the child goes away.
+begin;
+create temp table temp_inh_oncommit_test (a int) on commit delete rows;
+create temp table temp_inh_oncommit_test1 ()
+  inherits(temp_inh_oncommit_test) on commit drop;
+insert into temp_inh_oncommit_test1 values (1);
+insert into temp_inh_oncommit_test values (1);
+commit;
+select * from temp_inh_oncommit_test;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- one relation remains
+select relname from pg_class where relname ~ '^temp_inh_oncommit_test';
+        relname         
+------------------------
+ temp_inh_oncommit_test
+(1 row)
+
+drop table temp_inh_oncommit_test;
+-- Tests with two-phase commit
+-- Transactions creating objects in a temporary namespace cannot be used
+-- with two-phase commit.
+-- These cases generate errors about temporary namespace.
+-- Function creation
+begin;
+create function pg_temp.twophase_func() returns void as
+  $$ select '2pc_func'::text $$ language sql;
+prepare transaction 'twophase_func';
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE a transaction that has operated on temporary objects
+-- Function drop
+create function pg_temp.twophase_func() returns void as
+  $$ select '2pc_func'::text $$ language sql;
+begin;
+drop function pg_temp.twophase_func();
+prepare transaction 'twophase_func';
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE a transaction that has operated on temporary objects
+-- Operator creation
+begin;
+create operator pg_temp.@@ (leftarg = int4, rightarg = int4, procedure = int4mi);
+prepare transaction 'twophase_operator';
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE a transaction that has operated on temporary objects
+-- These generate errors about temporary tables.
+begin;
+create type pg_temp.twophase_type as (a int);
+prepare transaction 'twophase_type';
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE a transaction that has operated on temporary objects
+begin;
+create view pg_temp.twophase_view as select 1;
+prepare transaction 'twophase_view';
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE a transaction that has operated on temporary objects
+begin;
+create sequence pg_temp.twophase_seq;
+prepare transaction 'twophase_sequence';
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE a transaction that has operated on temporary objects
+-- Temporary tables cannot be used with two-phase commit.
+create temp table twophase_tab (a int);
+begin;
+select a from twophase_tab;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+prepare transaction 'twophase_tab';
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE a transaction that has operated on temporary objects
+begin;
+insert into twophase_tab values (1);
+prepare transaction 'twophase_tab';
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE a transaction that has operated on temporary objects
+begin;
+lock twophase_tab in access exclusive mode;
+prepare transaction 'twophase_tab';
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE a transaction that has operated on temporary objects
+begin;
+drop table twophase_tab;
+prepare transaction 'twophase_tab';
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE a transaction that has operated on temporary objects
+-- Corner case: current_schema may create a temporary schema if namespace
+-- creation is pending, so check after that.  First reset the connection
+-- to remove the temporary namespace.
+\c -
+SET search_path TO 'pg_temp';
+BEGIN;
+SELECT current_schema() ~ 'pg_temp' AS is_temp_schema;
+ is_temp_schema 
+----------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'twophase_search';
+ERROR:  cannot PREPARE a transaction that has operated on temporary objects
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/test_setup.out b/src/test/regress/expected/test_setup.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..391b36d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/test_setup.out
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+--
+-- TEST_SETUP --- prepare environment expected by regression test scripts
+--
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+--
+-- synchronous_commit=off delays when hint bits may be set. Some plans change
+-- depending on the number of all-visible pages, which in turn can be
+-- influenced by the delayed hint bits. Force synchronous_commit=on to avoid
+-- that source of variability.
+--
+SET synchronous_commit = on;
+--
+-- Postgres formerly made the public schema read/write by default,
+-- and most of the core regression tests still expect that.
+--
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA public TO public;
+--
+-- These tables have traditionally been referenced by many tests,
+-- so create and populate them.  Insert only non-error values here.
+-- (Some subsequent tests try to insert erroneous values.  That's okay
+-- because the table won't actually change.  Do not change the contents
+-- of these tables in later tests, as it may affect other tests.)
+--
+CREATE TABLE CHAR_TBL(f1 char(4));
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES
+  ('a'),
+  ('ab'),
+  ('abcd'),
+  ('abcd    ');
+VACUUM CHAR_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE FLOAT8_TBL(f1 float8);
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES
+  ('0.0'),
+  ('-34.84'),
+  ('-1004.30'),
+  ('-1.2345678901234e+200'),
+  ('-1.2345678901234e-200');
+VACUUM FLOAT8_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE INT2_TBL(f1 int2);
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES
+  ('0   '),
+  ('  1234 '),
+  ('    -1234'),
+  ('32767'),  -- largest and smallest values
+  ('-32767');
+VACUUM INT2_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE INT4_TBL(f1 int4);
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES
+  ('   0  '),
+  ('123456     '),
+  ('    -123456'),
+  ('2147483647'),  -- largest and smallest values
+  ('-2147483647');
+VACUUM INT4_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE INT8_TBL(q1 int8, q2 int8);
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL VALUES
+  ('  123   ','  456'),
+  ('123   ','4567890123456789'),
+  ('4567890123456789','123'),
+  (+4567890123456789,'4567890123456789'),
+  ('+4567890123456789','-4567890123456789');
+VACUUM INT8_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE POINT_TBL(f1 point);
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES
+  ('(0.0,0.0)'),
+  ('(-10.0,0.0)'),
+  ('(-3.0,4.0)'),
+  ('(5.1, 34.5)'),
+  ('(-5.0,-12.0)'),
+  ('(1e-300,-1e-300)'),  -- To underflow
+  ('(1e+300,Inf)'),  -- To overflow
+  ('(Inf,1e+300)'),  -- Transposed
+  (' ( Nan , NaN ) '),
+  ('10.0,10.0');
+-- We intentionally don't vacuum point_tbl here; geometry depends on that
+CREATE TABLE TEXT_TBL (f1 text);
+INSERT INTO TEXT_TBL VALUES
+  ('doh!'),
+  ('hi de ho neighbor');
+VACUUM TEXT_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE VARCHAR_TBL(f1 varchar(4));
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES
+  ('a'),
+  ('ab'),
+  ('abcd'),
+  ('abcd    ');
+VACUUM VARCHAR_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE onek (
+	unique1		int4,
+	unique2		int4,
+	two			int4,
+	four		int4,
+	ten			int4,
+	twenty		int4,
+	hundred		int4,
+	thousand	int4,
+	twothousand	int4,
+	fivethous	int4,
+	tenthous	int4,
+	odd			int4,
+	even		int4,
+	stringu1	name,
+	stringu2	name,
+	string4		name
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/onek.data'
+COPY onek FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE onek;
+CREATE TABLE onek2 AS SELECT * FROM onek;
+VACUUM ANALYZE onek2;
+CREATE TABLE tenk1 (
+	unique1		int4,
+	unique2		int4,
+	two			int4,
+	four		int4,
+	ten			int4,
+	twenty		int4,
+	hundred		int4,
+	thousand	int4,
+	twothousand	int4,
+	fivethous	int4,
+	tenthous	int4,
+	odd			int4,
+	even		int4,
+	stringu1	name,
+	stringu2	name,
+	string4		name
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/tenk.data'
+COPY tenk1 FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE tenk1;
+CREATE TABLE tenk2 AS SELECT * FROM tenk1;
+VACUUM ANALYZE tenk2;
+CREATE TABLE person (
+	name 		text,
+	age			int4,
+	location 	point
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/person.data'
+COPY person FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE person;
+CREATE TABLE emp (
+	salary 		int4,
+	manager 	name
+) INHERITS (person);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/emp.data'
+COPY emp FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE emp;
+CREATE TABLE student (
+	gpa 		float8
+) INHERITS (person);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/student.data'
+COPY student FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE student;
+CREATE TABLE stud_emp (
+	percent 	int4
+) INHERITS (emp, student);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "name"
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "age"
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "location"
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/stud_emp.data'
+COPY stud_emp FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE stud_emp;
+CREATE TABLE road (
+	name		text,
+	thepath 	path
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/streets.data'
+COPY road FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE road;
+CREATE TABLE ihighway () INHERITS (road);
+INSERT INTO ihighway
+   SELECT *
+   FROM ONLY road
+   WHERE name ~ 'I- .*';
+VACUUM ANALYZE ihighway;
+CREATE TABLE shighway (
+	surface		text
+) INHERITS (road);
+INSERT INTO shighway
+   SELECT *, 'asphalt'
+   FROM ONLY road
+   WHERE name ~ 'State Hwy.*';
+VACUUM ANALYZE shighway;
+--
+-- We must have some enum type in the database for opr_sanity and type_sanity.
+--
+create type stoplight as enum ('red', 'yellow', 'green');
+--
+-- Also create some non-built-in range types.
+--
+create type float8range as range (subtype = float8, subtype_diff = float8mi);
+create type textrange as range (subtype = text, collation = "C");
+--
+-- Create some C functions that will be used by various tests.
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION binary_coercible(oid, oid)
+    RETURNS bool
+    AS :'regresslib', 'binary_coercible'
+    LANGUAGE C STRICT STABLE PARALLEL SAFE;
+CREATE FUNCTION ttdummy ()
+    RETURNS trigger
+    AS :'regresslib'
+    LANGUAGE C;
+CREATE FUNCTION get_columns_length(oid[])
+    RETURNS int
+    AS :'regresslib'
+    LANGUAGE C STRICT STABLE PARALLEL SAFE;
+-- Use hand-rolled hash functions and operator classes to get predictable
+-- result on different machines.  The hash function for int4 simply returns
+-- the sum of the values passed to it and the one for text returns the length
+-- of the non-empty string value passed to it or 0.
+create function part_hashint4_noop(value int4, seed int8)
+    returns int8 as $$
+    select value + seed;
+    $$ language sql strict immutable parallel safe;
+create operator class part_test_int4_ops for type int4 using hash as
+    operator 1 =,
+    function 2 part_hashint4_noop(int4, int8);
+create function part_hashtext_length(value text, seed int8)
+    returns int8 as $$
+    select length(coalesce(value, ''))::int8
+    $$ language sql strict immutable parallel safe;
+create operator class part_test_text_ops for type text using hash as
+    operator 1 =,
+    function 2 part_hashtext_length(text, int8);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/text.out b/src/test/regress/expected/text.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c65b23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/text.out
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+--
+-- TEXT
+--
+SELECT text 'this is a text string' = text 'this is a text string' AS true;
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT text 'this is a text string' = text 'this is a text strin' AS false;
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- text_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+SELECT * FROM TEXT_TBL;
+        f1         
+-------------------
+ doh!
+ hi de ho neighbor
+(2 rows)
+
+-- As of 8.3 we have removed most implicit casts to text, so that for example
+-- this no longer works:
+select length(42);
+ERROR:  function length(integer) does not exist
+LINE 1: select length(42);
+               ^
+HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+-- But as a special exception for usability's sake, we still allow implicit
+-- casting to text in concatenations, so long as the other input is text or
+-- an unknown literal.  So these work:
+select 'four: '::text || 2+2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ four: 4
+(1 row)
+
+select 'four: ' || 2+2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ four: 4
+(1 row)
+
+-- but not this:
+select 3 || 4.0;
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: integer || numeric
+LINE 1: select 3 || 4.0;
+                 ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+/*
+ * various string functions
+ */
+select concat('one');
+ concat 
+--------
+ one
+(1 row)
+
+select concat(1,2,3,'hello',true, false, to_date('20100309','YYYYMMDD'));
+        concat        
+----------------------
+ 123hellotf03-09-2010
+(1 row)
+
+select concat_ws('#','one');
+ concat_ws 
+-----------
+ one
+(1 row)
+
+select concat_ws('#',1,2,3,'hello',true, false, to_date('20100309','YYYYMMDD'));
+         concat_ws          
+----------------------------
+ 1#2#3#hello#t#f#03-09-2010
+(1 row)
+
+select concat_ws(',',10,20,null,30);
+ concat_ws 
+-----------
+ 10,20,30
+(1 row)
+
+select concat_ws('',10,20,null,30);
+ concat_ws 
+-----------
+ 102030
+(1 row)
+
+select concat_ws(NULL,10,20,null,30) is null;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select reverse('abcde');
+ reverse 
+---------
+ edcba
+(1 row)
+
+select i, left('ahoj', i), right('ahoj', i) from generate_series(-5, 5) t(i) order by i;
+ i  | left | right 
+----+------+-------
+ -5 |      | 
+ -4 |      | 
+ -3 | a    | j
+ -2 | ah   | oj
+ -1 | aho  | hoj
+  0 |      | 
+  1 | a    | j
+  2 | ah   | oj
+  3 | aho  | hoj
+  4 | ahoj | ahoj
+  5 | ahoj | ahoj
+(11 rows)
+
+select quote_literal('');
+ quote_literal 
+---------------
+ ''
+(1 row)
+
+select quote_literal('abc''');
+ quote_literal 
+---------------
+ 'abc'''
+(1 row)
+
+select quote_literal(e'\\');
+ quote_literal 
+---------------
+ E'\\'
+(1 row)
+
+-- check variadic labeled argument
+select concat(variadic array[1,2,3]);
+ concat 
+--------
+ 123
+(1 row)
+
+select concat_ws(',', variadic array[1,2,3]);
+ concat_ws 
+-----------
+ 1,2,3
+(1 row)
+
+select concat_ws(',', variadic NULL::int[]);
+ concat_ws 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select concat(variadic NULL::int[]) is NULL;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select concat(variadic '{}'::int[]) = '';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--should fail
+select concat_ws(',', variadic 10);
+ERROR:  VARIADIC argument must be an array
+LINE 1: select concat_ws(',', variadic 10);
+                                       ^
+/*
+ * format
+ */
+select format(NULL);
+ format 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select format('Hello');
+ format 
+--------
+ Hello
+(1 row)
+
+select format('Hello %s', 'World');
+   format    
+-------------
+ Hello World
+(1 row)
+
+select format('Hello %%');
+ format  
+---------
+ Hello %
+(1 row)
+
+select format('Hello %%%%');
+  format  
+----------
+ Hello %%
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+select format('Hello %s %s', 'World');
+ERROR:  too few arguments for format()
+select format('Hello %s');
+ERROR:  too few arguments for format()
+select format('Hello %x', 20);
+ERROR:  unrecognized format() type specifier "x"
+HINT:  For a single "%" use "%%".
+-- check literal and sql identifiers
+select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', 10, 'Hello');
+                 format                 
+----------------------------------------
+ INSERT INTO mytab VALUES('10','Hello')
+(1 row)
+
+select format('%s%s%s','Hello', NULL,'World');
+   format   
+------------
+ HelloWorld
+(1 row)
+
+select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', 10, NULL);
+               format                
+-------------------------------------
+ INSERT INTO mytab VALUES('10',NULL)
+(1 row)
+
+select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', NULL, 'Hello');
+                 format                 
+----------------------------------------
+ INSERT INTO mytab VALUES(NULL,'Hello')
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail, sql identifier cannot be NULL
+select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', NULL, 10, 'Hello');
+ERROR:  null values cannot be formatted as an SQL identifier
+-- check positional placeholders
+select format('%1$s %3$s', 1, 2, 3);
+ format 
+--------
+ 1 3
+(1 row)
+
+select format('%1$s %12$s', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
+ format 
+--------
+ 1 12
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+select format('%1$s %4$s', 1, 2, 3);
+ERROR:  too few arguments for format()
+select format('%1$s %13$s', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
+ERROR:  too few arguments for format()
+select format('%0$s', 'Hello');
+ERROR:  format specifies argument 0, but arguments are numbered from 1
+select format('%*0$s', 'Hello');
+ERROR:  format specifies argument 0, but arguments are numbered from 1
+select format('%1$', 1);
+ERROR:  unterminated format() type specifier
+HINT:  For a single "%" use "%%".
+select format('%1$1', 1);
+ERROR:  unterminated format() type specifier
+HINT:  For a single "%" use "%%".
+-- check mix of positional and ordered placeholders
+select format('Hello %s %1$s %s', 'World', 'Hello again');
+            format             
+-------------------------------
+ Hello World World Hello again
+(1 row)
+
+select format('Hello %s %s, %2$s %2$s', 'World', 'Hello again');
+                      format                      
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Hello World Hello again, Hello again Hello again
+(1 row)
+
+-- check variadic labeled arguments
+select format('%s, %s', variadic array['Hello','World']);
+    format    
+--------------
+ Hello, World
+(1 row)
+
+select format('%s, %s', variadic array[1, 2]);
+ format 
+--------
+ 1, 2
+(1 row)
+
+select format('%s, %s', variadic array[true, false]);
+ format 
+--------
+ t, f
+(1 row)
+
+select format('%s, %s', variadic array[true, false]::text[]);
+   format    
+-------------
+ true, false
+(1 row)
+
+-- check variadic with positional placeholders
+select format('%2$s, %1$s', variadic array['first', 'second']);
+    format     
+---------------
+ second, first
+(1 row)
+
+select format('%2$s, %1$s', variadic array[1, 2]);
+ format 
+--------
+ 2, 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- variadic argument can be array type NULL, but should not be referenced
+select format('Hello', variadic NULL::int[]);
+ format 
+--------
+ Hello
+(1 row)
+
+-- variadic argument allows simulating more than FUNC_MAX_ARGS parameters
+select format(string_agg('%s',','), variadic array_agg(i))
+from generate_series(1,200) g(i);
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       format                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200
+(1 row)
+
+-- check field widths and left, right alignment
+select format('>>%10s<<', 'Hello');
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>     Hello<<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%10s<<', NULL);
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>          <<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%10s<<', '');
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>          <<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%-10s<<', '');
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>          <<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%-10s<<', 'Hello');
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>Hello     <<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%-10s<<', NULL);
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>          <<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%1$10s<<', 'Hello');
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>     Hello<<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%1$-10I<<', 'Hello');
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>"Hello"   <<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 10, 'Hello');
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>   'Hello'<<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 10, NULL);
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>      NULL<<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', -10, NULL);
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>NULL      <<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%*s<<', 10, 'Hello');
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>     Hello<<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%*1$s<<', 10, 'Hello');
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>     Hello<<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%-s<<', 'Hello');
+  format   
+-----------
+ >>Hello<<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%10L<<', NULL);
+     format     
+----------------
+ >>      NULL<<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', NULL, 'Hello');
+   format    
+-------------
+ >>'Hello'<<
+(1 row)
+
+select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 0, 'Hello');
+   format    
+-------------
+ >>'Hello'<<
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tid.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tid.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d8957b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tid.out
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+-- basic tests for the TID data type
+SELECT
+  '(0,0)'::tid as tid00,
+  '(0,1)'::tid as tid01,
+  '(-1,0)'::tid as tidm10,
+  '(4294967295,65535)'::tid as tidmax;
+ tid00 | tid01 |     tidm10     |       tidmax       
+-------+-------+----------------+--------------------
+ (0,0) | (0,1) | (4294967295,0) | (4294967295,65535)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '(4294967296,1)'::tid;  -- error
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type tid: "(4294967296,1)"
+LINE 1: SELECT '(4294967296,1)'::tid;
+               ^
+SELECT '(1,65536)'::tid;  -- error
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type tid: "(1,65536)"
+LINE 1: SELECT '(1,65536)'::tid;
+               ^
+-- tests for functions related to TID handling
+CREATE TABLE tid_tab (a int);
+-- min() and max() for TIDs
+INSERT INTO tid_tab VALUES (1), (2);
+SELECT min(ctid) FROM tid_tab;
+  min  
+-------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT max(ctid) FROM tid_tab;
+  max  
+-------
+ (0,2)
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE tid_tab;
+-- Tests for currtid2() with various relation kinds
+-- Materialized view
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW tid_matview AS SELECT a FROM tid_tab;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_matview'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+ERROR:  tid (0, 1) is not valid for relation "tid_matview"
+INSERT INTO tid_tab VALUES (1);
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW tid_matview;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_matview'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- ok
+ currtid2 
+----------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW tid_matview;
+TRUNCATE tid_tab;
+-- Sequence
+CREATE SEQUENCE tid_seq;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_seq'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- ok
+ currtid2 
+----------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+DROP SEQUENCE tid_seq;
+-- Index, fails with incorrect relation type
+CREATE INDEX tid_ind ON tid_tab(a);
+SELECT currtid2('tid_ind'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+ERROR:  "tid_ind" is an index
+DROP INDEX tid_ind;
+-- Partitioned table, no storage
+CREATE TABLE tid_part (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+SELECT currtid2('tid_part'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot look at latest visible tid for relation "public.tid_part"
+DROP TABLE tid_part;
+-- Views
+-- ctid not defined in the view
+CREATE VIEW tid_view_no_ctid AS SELECT a FROM tid_tab;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_view_no_ctid'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+ERROR:  currtid cannot handle views with no CTID
+DROP VIEW tid_view_no_ctid;
+-- ctid fetched directly from the source table.
+CREATE VIEW tid_view_with_ctid AS SELECT ctid, a FROM tid_tab;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_view_with_ctid'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+ERROR:  tid (0, 1) is not valid for relation "tid_tab"
+INSERT INTO tid_tab VALUES (1);
+SELECT currtid2('tid_view_with_ctid'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- ok
+ currtid2 
+----------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW tid_view_with_ctid;
+TRUNCATE tid_tab;
+-- ctid attribute with incorrect data type
+CREATE VIEW tid_view_fake_ctid AS SELECT 1 AS ctid, 2 AS a;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_view_fake_ctid'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+ERROR:  ctid isn't of type TID
+DROP VIEW tid_view_fake_ctid;
+DROP TABLE tid_tab CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tidrangescan.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tidrangescan.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..721f3b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tidrangescan.out
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+-- tests for tidrangescans
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+CREATE TABLE tidrangescan(id integer, data text);
+-- empty table
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1, 0)';
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: (ctid < '(1,0)'::tid)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1, 0)';
+ ctid 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(9, 0)';
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: (ctid > '(9,0)'::tid)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(9, 0)';
+ ctid 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- insert enough tuples to fill at least two pages
+INSERT INTO tidrangescan SELECT i,repeat('x', 100) FROM generate_series(1,200) AS s(i);
+-- remove all tuples after the 10th tuple on each page.  Trying to ensure
+-- we get the same layout with all CPU architectures and smaller than standard
+-- page sizes.
+DELETE FROM tidrangescan
+WHERE substring(ctid::text FROM ',(\d+)\)')::integer > 10 OR substring(ctid::text FROM '\((\d+),')::integer > 2;
+VACUUM tidrangescan;
+-- range scans with upper bound
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1,0)';
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: (ctid < '(1,0)'::tid)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1,0)';
+  ctid  
+--------
+ (0,1)
+ (0,2)
+ (0,3)
+ (0,4)
+ (0,5)
+ (0,6)
+ (0,7)
+ (0,8)
+ (0,9)
+ (0,10)
+(10 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid <= '(1,5)';
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: (ctid <= '(1,5)'::tid)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid <= '(1,5)';
+  ctid  
+--------
+ (0,1)
+ (0,2)
+ (0,3)
+ (0,4)
+ (0,5)
+ (0,6)
+ (0,7)
+ (0,8)
+ (0,9)
+ (0,10)
+ (1,1)
+ (1,2)
+ (1,3)
+ (1,4)
+ (1,5)
+(15 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(0,0)';
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: (ctid < '(0,0)'::tid)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(0,0)';
+ ctid 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- range scans with lower bound
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(2,8)';
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: (ctid > '(2,8)'::tid)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(2,8)';
+  ctid  
+--------
+ (2,9)
+ (2,10)
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE '(2,8)' < ctid;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: ('(2,8)'::tid < ctid)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE '(2,8)' < ctid;
+  ctid  
+--------
+ (2,9)
+ (2,10)
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid >= '(2,8)';
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: (ctid >= '(2,8)'::tid)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid >= '(2,8)';
+  ctid  
+--------
+ (2,8)
+ (2,9)
+ (2,10)
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid >= '(100,0)';
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: (ctid >= '(100,0)'::tid)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid >= '(100,0)';
+ ctid 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- range scans with both bounds
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(1,4)' AND '(1,7)' >= ctid;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: ((ctid > '(1,4)'::tid) AND ('(1,7)'::tid >= ctid))
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(1,4)' AND '(1,7)' >= ctid;
+ ctid  
+-------
+ (1,5)
+ (1,6)
+ (1,7)
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE '(1,7)' >= ctid AND ctid > '(1,4)';
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: (('(1,7)'::tid >= ctid) AND (ctid > '(1,4)'::tid))
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE '(1,7)' >= ctid AND ctid > '(1,4)';
+ ctid  
+-------
+ (1,5)
+ (1,6)
+ (1,7)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- extreme offsets
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(0,65535)' AND ctid < '(1,0)' LIMIT 1;
+ ctid 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(0,0)' LIMIT 1;
+ ctid 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(4294967295,65535)';
+ ctid 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(0,0)';
+ ctid 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- NULLs in the range cannot return tuples
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid >= (SELECT NULL::tid);
+ ctid 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- rescans
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t.ctid,t2.c FROM tidrangescan t,
+LATERAL (SELECT count(*) c FROM tidrangescan t2 WHERE t2.ctid <= t.ctid) t2
+WHERE t.ctid < '(1,0)';
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan t
+         TID Cond: (ctid < '(1,0)'::tid)
+   ->  Aggregate
+         ->  Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan t2
+               TID Cond: (ctid <= t.ctid)
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT t.ctid,t2.c FROM tidrangescan t,
+LATERAL (SELECT count(*) c FROM tidrangescan t2 WHERE t2.ctid <= t.ctid) t2
+WHERE t.ctid < '(1,0)';
+  ctid  | c  
+--------+----
+ (0,1)  |  1
+ (0,2)  |  2
+ (0,3)  |  3
+ (0,4)  |  4
+ (0,5)  |  5
+ (0,6)  |  6
+ (0,7)  |  7
+ (0,8)  |  8
+ (0,9)  |  9
+ (0,10) | 10
+(10 rows)
+
+-- cursors
+-- Ensure we get a TID Range scan without a Materialize node.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1,0)';
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Tid Range Scan on tidrangescan
+   TID Cond: (ctid < '(1,0)'::tid)
+(2 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1,0)';
+FETCH NEXT c;
+ ctid  
+-------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT c;
+ ctid  
+-------
+ (0,2)
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH PRIOR c;
+ ctid  
+-------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH FIRST c;
+ ctid  
+-------
+ (0,1)
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH LAST c;
+  ctid  
+--------
+ (0,10)
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE tidrangescan;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tidscan.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tidscan.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13c3c36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tidscan.out
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+-- tests for tidscans
+CREATE TABLE tidscan(id integer);
+-- only insert a few rows, we don't want to spill onto a second table page
+INSERT INTO tidscan VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+-- show ctids
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan;
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1
+ (0,2) |  2
+ (0,3) |  3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- ctid equality - implemented as tidscan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = '(0,1)';
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Tid Scan on tidscan
+   TID Cond: (ctid = '(0,1)'::tid)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = '(0,1)';
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE '(0,1)' = ctid;
+            QUERY PLAN             
+-----------------------------------
+ Tid Scan on tidscan
+   TID Cond: ('(0,1)'::tid = ctid)
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE '(0,1)' = ctid;
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1
+(1 row)
+
+-- OR'd clauses
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = '(0,2)' OR '(0,1)' = ctid;
+                          QUERY PLAN                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ Tid Scan on tidscan
+   TID Cond: ((ctid = '(0,2)'::tid) OR ('(0,1)'::tid = ctid))
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = '(0,2)' OR '(0,1)' = ctid;
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1
+ (0,2) |  2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- ctid = ScalarArrayOp - implemented as tidscan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = ANY(ARRAY['(0,1)', '(0,2)']::tid[]);
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Tid Scan on tidscan
+   TID Cond: (ctid = ANY ('{"(0,1)","(0,2)"}'::tid[]))
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = ANY(ARRAY['(0,1)', '(0,2)']::tid[]);
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1
+ (0,2) |  2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- ctid != ScalarArrayOp - can't be implemented as tidscan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid != ANY(ARRAY['(0,1)', '(0,2)']::tid[]);
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on tidscan
+   Filter: (ctid <> ANY ('{"(0,1)","(0,2)"}'::tid[]))
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid != ANY(ARRAY['(0,1)', '(0,2)']::tid[]);
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1
+ (0,2) |  2
+ (0,3) |  3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- tid equality extracted from sub-AND clauses
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan
+WHERE (id = 3 AND ctid IN ('(0,2)', '(0,3)')) OR (ctid = '(0,1)' AND id = 1);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                  
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Tid Scan on tidscan
+   TID Cond: ((ctid = ANY ('{"(0,2)","(0,3)"}'::tid[])) OR (ctid = '(0,1)'::tid))
+   Filter: (((id = 3) AND (ctid = ANY ('{"(0,2)","(0,3)"}'::tid[]))) OR ((ctid = '(0,1)'::tid) AND (id = 1)))
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan
+WHERE (id = 3 AND ctid IN ('(0,2)', '(0,3)')) OR (ctid = '(0,1)' AND id = 1);
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1
+ (0,3) |  3
+(2 rows)
+
+-- nestloop-with-inner-tidscan joins on tid
+SET enable_hashjoin TO off;  -- otherwise hash join might win
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.ctid, t1.*, t2.ctid, t2.*
+FROM tidscan t1 JOIN tidscan t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid WHERE t1.id = 1;
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on tidscan t1
+         Filter: (id = 1)
+   ->  Tid Scan on tidscan t2
+         TID Cond: (ctid = t1.ctid)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.ctid, t1.*, t2.ctid, t2.*
+FROM tidscan t1 JOIN tidscan t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid WHERE t1.id = 1;
+ ctid  | id | ctid  | id 
+-------+----+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1 | (0,1) |  1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.ctid, t1.*, t2.ctid, t2.*
+FROM tidscan t1 LEFT JOIN tidscan t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid WHERE t1.id = 1;
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop Left Join
+   ->  Seq Scan on tidscan t1
+         Filter: (id = 1)
+   ->  Tid Scan on tidscan t2
+         TID Cond: (t1.ctid = ctid)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.ctid, t1.*, t2.ctid, t2.*
+FROM tidscan t1 LEFT JOIN tidscan t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid WHERE t1.id = 1;
+ ctid  | id | ctid  | id 
+-------+----+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1 | (0,1) |  1
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+-- exercise backward scan and rewind
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = ANY(ARRAY['(0,1)', '(0,2)']::tid[]);
+FETCH ALL FROM c;
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1
+ (0,2) |  2
+(2 rows)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD 1 FROM c;
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,2) |  2
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH FIRST FROM c;
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- tidscan via CURRENT OF
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c; -- skip one row
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,1) |  1
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,2) |  2
+(1 row)
+
+-- perform update
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+UPDATE tidscan SET id = -id WHERE CURRENT OF c RETURNING *;
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Update on tidscan (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Tid Scan on tidscan (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         TID Cond: CURRENT OF c
+(3 rows)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+ ctid  | id 
+-------+----
+ (0,3) |  3
+(1 row)
+
+-- perform update
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+UPDATE tidscan SET id = -id WHERE CURRENT OF c RETURNING *;
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Update on tidscan (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+   ->  Tid Scan on tidscan (actual rows=1 loops=1)
+         TID Cond: CURRENT OF c
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM tidscan;
+ id 
+----
+  1
+ -2
+ -3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- position cursor past any rows
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+ ctid | id 
+------+----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- should error out
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+UPDATE tidscan SET id = -id WHERE CURRENT OF c RETURNING *;
+ERROR:  cursor "c" is not positioned on a row
+ROLLBACK;
+-- bulk joins on CTID
+-- (these plans don't use TID scans, but this still seems like an
+-- appropriate place for these tests)
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 t1 JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid;
+               QUERY PLAN               
+----------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (t1.ctid = t2.ctid)
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 t1
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 t2
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 t1 JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid;
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+SET enable_hashjoin TO off;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 t1 JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Merge Join
+         Merge Cond: (t1.ctid = t2.ctid)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t1.ctid
+               ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 t1
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t2.ctid
+               ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 t2
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 t1 JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid;
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+-- check predicate lock on CTID
+BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+SELECT * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = '(0,1)';
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+-- locktype should be 'tuple'
+SELECT locktype, mode FROM pg_locks WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() AND mode = 'SIReadLock';
+ locktype |    mode    
+----------+------------
+ tuple    | SIReadLock
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TABLE tidscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/time.out b/src/test/regress/expected/time.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3a7150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/time.out
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+--
+-- TIME
+--
+CREATE TABLE TIME_TBL (f1 time(2));
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('00:00');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('01:00');
+-- as of 7.4, timezone spec should be accepted and ignored
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('02:03 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('11:59 EDT');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('12:00');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('12:01');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('23:59');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('11:59:59.99 PM');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('2003-03-07 15:36:39 America/New_York');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('2003-07-07 15:36:39 America/New_York');
+-- this should fail (the timezone offset is not known)
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 America/New_York');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type time: "15:36:39 America/New_York"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 America/New_York');
+                                     ^
+SELECT f1 AS "Time" FROM TIME_TBL;
+    Time     
+-------------
+ 00:00:00
+ 01:00:00
+ 02:03:00
+ 11:59:00
+ 12:00:00
+ 12:01:00
+ 23:59:00
+ 23:59:59.99
+ 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Three" FROM TIME_TBL WHERE f1 < '05:06:07';
+  Three   
+----------
+ 00:00:00
+ 01:00:00
+ 02:03:00
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Five" FROM TIME_TBL WHERE f1 > '05:06:07';
+    Five     
+-------------
+ 11:59:00
+ 12:00:00
+ 12:01:00
+ 23:59:00
+ 23:59:59.99
+ 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "None" FROM TIME_TBL WHERE f1 < '00:00';
+ None 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Eight" FROM TIME_TBL WHERE f1 >= '00:00';
+    Eight    
+-------------
+ 00:00:00
+ 01:00:00
+ 02:03:00
+ 11:59:00
+ 12:00:00
+ 12:01:00
+ 23:59:00
+ 23:59:59.99
+ 15:36:39
+ 15:36:39
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Check edge cases
+SELECT '23:59:59.999999'::time;
+      time       
+-----------------
+ 23:59:59.999999
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '23:59:59.9999999'::time;  -- rounds up
+   time   
+----------
+ 24:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '23:59:60'::time;  -- rounds up
+   time   
+----------
+ 24:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '24:00:00'::time;  -- allowed
+   time   
+----------
+ 24:00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '24:00:00.01'::time;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "24:00:00.01"
+LINE 1: SELECT '24:00:00.01'::time;
+               ^
+SELECT '23:59:60.01'::time;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "23:59:60.01"
+LINE 1: SELECT '23:59:60.01'::time;
+               ^
+SELECT '24:01:00'::time;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "24:01:00"
+LINE 1: SELECT '24:01:00'::time;
+               ^
+SELECT '25:00:00'::time;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "25:00:00"
+LINE 1: SELECT '25:00:00'::time;
+               ^
+--
+-- TIME simple math
+--
+-- We now make a distinction between time and intervals,
+-- and adding two times together makes no sense at all.
+-- Leave in one query to show that it is rejected,
+-- and do the rest of the testing in horology.sql
+-- where we do mixed-type arithmetic. - thomas 2000-12-02
+SELECT f1 + time '00:01' AS "Illegal" FROM TIME_TBL;
+ERROR:  operator is not unique: time without time zone + time without time zone
+LINE 1: SELECT f1 + time '00:01' AS "Illegal" FROM TIME_TBL;
+                  ^
+HINT:  Could not choose a best candidate operator. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+--
+-- test EXTRACT
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(MICROSECOND FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+ extract  
+----------
+ 25575401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLISECOND FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+  extract  
+-----------
+ 25575.401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(SECOND      FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+  extract  
+-----------
+ 25.575401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MINUTE      FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+ extract 
+---------
+      30
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR        FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+ extract 
+---------
+      13
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY         FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');  -- error
+ERROR:  unit "day" not supported for type time without time zone
+SELECT EXTRACT(FORTNIGHT   FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');  -- error
+ERROR:  unit "fortnight" not recognized for type time without time zone
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE    FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');  -- error
+ERROR:  unit "timezone" not supported for type time without time zone
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH       FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+   extract    
+--------------
+ 48625.575401
+(1 row)
+
+-- date_part implementation is mostly the same as extract, so only
+-- test a few cases for additional coverage.
+SELECT date_part('microsecond', TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+ date_part 
+-----------
+  25575401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date_part('millisecond', TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+ date_part 
+-----------
+ 25575.401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date_part('second',      TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+ date_part 
+-----------
+ 25.575401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date_part('epoch',       TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+  date_part   
+--------------
+ 48625.575401
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/timestamp.out b/src/test/regress/expected/timestamp.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79f8180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/timestamp.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2081 @@
+--
+-- TIMESTAMP
+--
+CREATE TABLE TIMESTAMP_TBL (d1 timestamp(2) without time zone);
+-- Test shorthand input values
+-- We can't just "select" the results since they aren't constants; test for
+-- equality instead.  We can do that by running the test inside a transaction
+-- block, within which the value of 'now' shouldn't change, and so these
+-- related values shouldn't either.
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('today');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('yesterday');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow');
+-- time zone should be ignored by this data type
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow EST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow zulu');
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'today';
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) AS Three FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow';
+ three 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'yesterday';
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+DELETE FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+-- Verify that 'now' *does* change over a reasonable interval such as 100 msec,
+-- and that it doesn't change over the same interval within a transaction block
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+ pg_sleep 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+ pg_sleep 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+ pg_sleep 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) AS two FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp(2) without time zone 'now';
+ two 
+-----
+   2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(d1) AS three, count(DISTINCT d1) AS two FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+ three | two 
+-------+-----
+     3 |   2
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+TRUNCATE TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+-- Special values
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('-infinity');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('infinity');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('epoch');
+-- Postgres v6.0 standard output format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST');
+-- Variations on Postgres v6.1 standard output format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.000001 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.999999 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST');
+-- ISO 8601 format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02 03:04:05');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-08');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 -08:00');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 -0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 17:32:01 -07:00');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2001-09-22T18:19:20');
+-- POSIX format (note that the timezone abbrev is just decoration here)
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 08:14:01 GMT+8');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 13:14:02 GMT-1');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 12:14:03 GMT-2');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 03:14:04 PST+8');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 02:14:05 MST+7:00');
+-- Variations for acceptable input formats
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 -0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 5:32PM 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997/02/10 17:32:01-0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb-10-1997 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('02-10-1997 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 PST');
+set datestyle to ymd;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('97FEB10 5:32:01PM UTC');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('97/02/10 17:32:01 UTC');
+reset datestyle;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997.041 17:32:01 UTC');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 America/New_York');
+-- this fails (even though TZ is a no-op, we still look it up)
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America/Does_not_exist');
+ERROR:  time zone "america/does_not_exist" not recognized
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America/D...
+                                          ^
+-- Check date conversion and date arithmetic
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 18:32:01 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 11 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 12 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 13 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 14 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 15 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0597');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1697');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1797');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1897');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 2097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1997');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "Feb 29 17:32:01 1997"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1997');
+                                          ^
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1999');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2000');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 2000');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2001');
+-- Currently unsupported syntax and ranges
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097');
+ERROR:  time zone displacement out of range: "Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097');
+                                          ^
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC');
+ERROR:  timestamp out of range: "Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC')...
+                                          ^
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+             d1              
+-----------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001
+(65 rows)
+
+-- Check behavior at the boundaries of the timestamp range
+SELECT '4714-11-24 00:00:00 BC'::timestamp;
+          timestamp          
+-----------------------------
+ Mon Nov 24 00:00:00 4714 BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4714-11-23 23:59:59 BC'::timestamp;  -- out of range
+ERROR:  timestamp out of range: "4714-11-23 23:59:59 BC"
+LINE 1: SELECT '4714-11-23 23:59:59 BC'::timestamp;
+               ^
+SELECT '294276-12-31 23:59:59'::timestamp;
+         timestamp          
+----------------------------
+ Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 294276
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '294277-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp;  -- out of range
+ERROR:  timestamp out of range: "294277-01-01 00:00:00"
+LINE 1: SELECT '294277-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp;
+               ^
+-- Demonstrate functions and operators
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 > timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+             d1             
+----------------------------
+ infinity
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001
+(49 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 < timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+             d1              
+-----------------------------
+ -infinity
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+            d1            
+--------------------------
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 != timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+             d1              
+-----------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001
+(64 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 <= timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+             d1              
+-----------------------------
+ -infinity
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 >= timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+             d1             
+----------------------------
+ infinity
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001
+(50 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 - timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 BETWEEN '1902-01-01' AND '2038-01-01';
+                  diff                  
+----------------------------------------
+ @ 9863 days ago
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 2 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.4 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.6 secs
+ @ 0
+ @ 3 hours 4 mins 5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 159 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1724 days 18 hours 19 mins 20 secs
+ @ 1168 days 8 hours 14 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1168 days 13 hours 14 mins 2 secs
+ @ 1168 days 12 hours 14 mins 3 secs
+ @ 1168 days 3 hours 14 mins 4 secs
+ @ 1168 days 2 hours 14 mins 5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 159 days 18 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 40 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 41 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 42 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 43 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 44 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 308 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 307 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 306 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 2 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 1 day 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 57 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 58 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 362 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 363 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1093 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1094 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1459 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1460 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+(55 rows)
+
+SELECT date_trunc( 'week', timestamp '2004-02-29 15:44:17.71393' ) AS week_trunc;
+        week_trunc        
+--------------------------
+ Mon Feb 23 00:00:00 2004
+(1 row)
+
+-- verify date_bin behaves the same as date_trunc for relevant intervals
+-- case 1: AD dates, origin < input
+SELECT
+  str,
+  interval,
+  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2001-01-01') AS equal
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('week', '7 d'),
+  ('day', '1 d'),
+  ('hour', '1 h'),
+  ('minute', '1 m'),
+  ('second', '1 s'),
+  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
+  ('microsecond', '1 us')
+) intervals (str, interval),
+(VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-29 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts);
+     str     | interval | equal 
+-------------+----------+-------
+ week        | 7 d      | t
+ day         | 1 d      | t
+ hour        | 1 h      | t
+ minute      | 1 m      | t
+ second      | 1 s      | t
+ millisecond | 1 ms     | t
+ microsecond | 1 us     | t
+(7 rows)
+
+-- case 2: BC dates, origin < input
+SELECT
+  str,
+  interval,
+  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2000-01-01 BC') AS equal
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('week', '7 d'),
+  ('day', '1 d'),
+  ('hour', '1 h'),
+  ('minute', '1 m'),
+  ('second', '1 s'),
+  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
+  ('microsecond', '1 us')
+) intervals (str, interval),
+(VALUES (timestamp '0055-6-10 15:44:17.71393 BC')) ts (ts);
+     str     | interval | equal 
+-------------+----------+-------
+ week        | 7 d      | t
+ day         | 1 d      | t
+ hour        | 1 h      | t
+ minute      | 1 m      | t
+ second      | 1 s      | t
+ millisecond | 1 ms     | t
+ microsecond | 1 us     | t
+(7 rows)
+
+-- case 3: AD dates, origin > input
+SELECT
+  str,
+  interval,
+  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2020-03-02') AS equal
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('week', '7 d'),
+  ('day', '1 d'),
+  ('hour', '1 h'),
+  ('minute', '1 m'),
+  ('second', '1 s'),
+  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
+  ('microsecond', '1 us')
+) intervals (str, interval),
+(VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-29 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts);
+     str     | interval | equal 
+-------------+----------+-------
+ week        | 7 d      | t
+ day         | 1 d      | t
+ hour        | 1 h      | t
+ minute      | 1 m      | t
+ second      | 1 s      | t
+ millisecond | 1 ms     | t
+ microsecond | 1 us     | t
+(7 rows)
+
+-- case 4: BC dates, origin > input
+SELECT
+  str,
+  interval,
+  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '0055-06-17 BC') AS equal
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('week', '7 d'),
+  ('day', '1 d'),
+  ('hour', '1 h'),
+  ('minute', '1 m'),
+  ('second', '1 s'),
+  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
+  ('microsecond', '1 us')
+) intervals (str, interval),
+(VALUES (timestamp '0055-6-10 15:44:17.71393 BC')) ts (ts);
+     str     | interval | equal 
+-------------+----------+-------
+ week        | 7 d      | t
+ day         | 1 d      | t
+ hour        | 1 h      | t
+ minute      | 1 m      | t
+ second      | 1 s      | t
+ millisecond | 1 ms     | t
+ microsecond | 1 us     | t
+(7 rows)
+
+-- bin timestamps into arbitrary intervals
+SELECT
+  interval,
+  ts,
+  origin,
+  date_bin(interval::interval, ts, origin)
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('15 days'),
+  ('2 hours'),
+  ('1 hour 30 minutes'),
+  ('15 minutes'),
+  ('10 seconds'),
+  ('100 milliseconds'),
+  ('250 microseconds')
+) intervals (interval),
+(VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-11 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts),
+(VALUES (timestamp '2001-01-01')) origin (origin);
+     interval      |               ts               |          origin          |            date_bin            
+-------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------------
+ 15 days           | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Thu Feb 06 00:00:00 2020
+ 2 hours           | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 14:00:00 2020
+ 1 hour 30 minutes | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:00:00 2020
+ 15 minutes        | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:30:00 2020
+ 10 seconds        | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:44:10 2020
+ 100 milliseconds  | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.7 2020
+ 250 microseconds  | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71375 2020
+(7 rows)
+
+-- shift bins using the origin parameter:
+SELECT date_bin('5 min'::interval, timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2020-02-01 00:02:30');
+         date_bin         
+--------------------------
+ Sat Feb 01 00:57:30 2020
+(1 row)
+
+-- disallow intervals with months or years
+SELECT date_bin('5 months'::interval, timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2001-01-01');
+ERROR:  timestamps cannot be binned into intervals containing months or years
+SELECT date_bin('5 years'::interval,  timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2001-01-01');
+ERROR:  timestamps cannot be binned into intervals containing months or years
+-- disallow zero intervals
+SELECT date_bin('0 days'::interval, timestamp '1970-01-01 01:00:00' , timestamp '1970-01-01 00:00:00');
+ERROR:  stride must be greater than zero
+-- disallow negative intervals
+SELECT date_bin('-2 days'::interval, timestamp '1970-01-01 01:00:00' , timestamp '1970-01-01 00:00:00');
+ERROR:  stride must be greater than zero
+-- Test casting within a BETWEEN qualifier
+SELECT d1 - timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff
+  FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+  WHERE d1 BETWEEN timestamp without time zone '1902-01-01'
+   AND timestamp without time zone '2038-01-01';
+                  diff                  
+----------------------------------------
+ @ 9863 days ago
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 2 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.4 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.6 secs
+ @ 0
+ @ 3 hours 4 mins 5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 159 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1724 days 18 hours 19 mins 20 secs
+ @ 1168 days 8 hours 14 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1168 days 13 hours 14 mins 2 secs
+ @ 1168 days 12 hours 14 mins 3 secs
+ @ 1168 days 3 hours 14 mins 4 secs
+ @ 1168 days 2 hours 14 mins 5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 159 days 18 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 40 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 41 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 42 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 43 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 44 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 308 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 307 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 306 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 2 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 1 day 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 57 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 58 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 362 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 363 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1093 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1094 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1459 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1460 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+(55 rows)
+
+-- DATE_PART (timestamp_part)
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   date_part( 'year', d1) AS year, date_part( 'month', d1) AS month,
+   date_part( 'day', d1) AS day, date_part( 'hour', d1) AS hour,
+   date_part( 'minute', d1) AS minute, date_part( 'second', d1) AS second
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+          timestamp          |   year    | month | day | hour | minute | second 
+-----------------------------+-----------+-------+-----+------+--------+--------
+ -infinity                   | -Infinity |       |     |      |        |       
+ infinity                    |  Infinity |       |     |      |        |       
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970    |      1970 |     1 |   1 |    0 |      0 |      0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      2
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997  |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |    1.4
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997  |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |    1.5
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997  |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |    1.6
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997    |      1997 |     1 |   2 |    0 |      0 |      0
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997    |      1997 |     1 |   2 |    3 |      4 |      5
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     6 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001    |      2001 |     9 |  22 |   18 |     19 |     20
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |    8 |     14 |      1
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |   13 |     14 |      2
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |   12 |     14 |      3
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |    3 |     14 |      4
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |    2 |     14 |      5
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     6 |  10 |   18 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  11 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  12 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  13 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  14 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  15 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC |       -97 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097    |        97 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597    |       597 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097    |      1097 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697    |      1697 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797    |      1797 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897    |      1897 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097    |      2097 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |     2 |  28 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |     2 |  29 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |     3 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |    12 |  30 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     1 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  28 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     3 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    12 |  30 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999    |      1999 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000    |      2000 |     1 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000    |      2000 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001    |      2001 |     1 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   date_part( 'quarter', d1) AS quarter, date_part( 'msec', d1) AS msec,
+   date_part( 'usec', d1) AS usec
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+          timestamp          | quarter | msec  |   usec   
+-----------------------------+---------+-------+----------
+ -infinity                   |         |       |         
+ infinity                    |         |       |         
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970    |       1 |     0 |        0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997    |       1 |  2000 |  2000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997  |       1 |  1400 |  1400000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997  |       1 |  1500 |  1500000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997  |       1 |  1600 |  1600000
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997    |       1 |     0 |        0
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997    |       1 |  5000 |  5000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997    |       2 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001    |       3 | 20000 | 20000000
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000    |       1 |  2000 |  2000000
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000    |       1 |  3000 |  3000000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000    |       1 |  4000 |  4000000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000    |       1 |  5000 |  5000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997    |       1 |     0 |        0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997    |       2 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   date_part( 'isoyear', d1) AS isoyear, date_part( 'week', d1) AS week,
+   date_part( 'isodow', d1) AS isodow, date_part( 'dow', d1) AS dow,
+   date_part( 'doy', d1) AS doy
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+          timestamp          |  isoyear  | week | isodow | dow | doy 
+-----------------------------+-----------+------+--------+-----+-----
+ -infinity                   | -Infinity |      |        |     |    
+ infinity                    |  Infinity |      |        |     |    
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970    |      1970 |    1 |      4 |   4 |   1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997  |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997  |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997  |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997    |      1997 |    1 |      4 |   4 |   2
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997    |      1997 |    1 |      4 |   4 |   2
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |   24 |      2 |   2 | 161
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001    |      2001 |   38 |      6 |   6 | 265
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997    |      1997 |   24 |      2 |   2 | 161
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  42
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      3 |   3 |  43
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      4 |   4 |  44
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      5 |   5 |  45
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  46
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      7 |   0 |  47
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC |       -97 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  47
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097    |        97 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  47
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597    |       597 |    7 |      4 |   4 |  47
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097    |      1097 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  47
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697    |      1697 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  47
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797    |      1797 |    7 |      4 |   4 |  47
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897    |      1897 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  47
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      7 |   0 |  47
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097    |      2097 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  47
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |    9 |      3 |   3 |  59
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |    9 |      4 |   4 |  60
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |    9 |      5 |   5 |  61
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996    |      1997 |    1 |      1 |   1 | 365
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996    |      1997 |    1 |      2 |   2 | 366
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    1 |      3 |   3 |   1
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    9 |      5 |   5 |  59
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    9 |      6 |   6 |  60
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997    |      1998 |    1 |      2 |   2 | 364
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997    |      1998 |    1 |      3 |   3 | 365
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999    |      1999 |   52 |      5 |   5 | 365
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000    |      1999 |   52 |      6 |   6 |   1
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000    |      2000 |   52 |      7 |   0 | 366
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001    |      2001 |    1 |      1 |   1 |   1
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   date_part( 'decade', d1) AS decade,
+   date_part( 'century', d1) AS century,
+   date_part( 'millennium', d1) AS millennium,
+   round(date_part( 'julian', d1)) AS julian,
+   date_part( 'epoch', d1) AS epoch
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+          timestamp          |  decade   |  century  | millennium |  julian   |    epoch     
+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+--------------
+ -infinity                   | -Infinity | -Infinity |  -Infinity | -Infinity |    -Infinity
+ infinity                    |  Infinity |  Infinity |   Infinity |  Infinity |     Infinity
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970    |       197 |        20 |          2 |   2440588 |            0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595922
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997  |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |  855595921.4
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997  |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |  855595921.5
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997  |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |  855595921.6
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450451 |    852163200
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450451 |    852174245
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450611 |    865963921
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001    |       200 |        21 |          3 |   2452176 |   1001182760
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451619 |    953108041
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451620 |    953126042
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451620 |    953122443
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451619 |    953090044
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451619 |    953086445
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595920
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450611 |    865967521
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450492 |    855682321
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450493 |    855768721
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450494 |    855855121
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450495 |    855941521
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450496 |    856027921
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450497 |    856114321
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC |       -10 |        -1 |         -1 |   1686043 | -65192711279
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097    |         9 |         1 |          1 |   1756537 | -59102029679
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597    |        59 |         6 |          1 |   1939158 | -43323575279
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097    |       109 |        11 |          2 |   2121779 | -27545120879
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697    |       169 |        17 |          2 |   2340925 |  -8610906479
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797    |       179 |        18 |          2 |   2377449 |  -5455232879
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897    |       189 |        19 |          2 |   2413973 |  -2299559279
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450497 |    856114321
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097    |       209 |        21 |          3 |   2487022 |   4011874321
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450143 |    825528721
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450144 |    825615121
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450145 |    825701521
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450449 |    851967121
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450450 |    852053521
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450451 |    852139921
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450509 |    857151121
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450510 |    857237521
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450814 |    883503121
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450815 |    883589521
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2451545 |    946661521
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451546 |    946747921
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451911 |    978283921
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001    |       200 |        21 |          3 |   2451912 |    978370321
+(65 rows)
+
+-- extract implementation is mostly the same as date_part, so only
+-- test a few cases for additional coverage.
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   extract(microseconds from d1) AS microseconds,
+   extract(milliseconds from d1) AS milliseconds,
+   extract(seconds from d1) AS seconds,
+   round(extract(julian from d1)) AS julian,
+   extract(epoch from d1) AS epoch
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+          timestamp          | microseconds | milliseconds |  seconds  |  julian   |        epoch        
+-----------------------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+-----------+---------------------
+ -infinity                   |              |              |           | -Infinity |           -Infinity
+ infinity                    |              |              |           |  Infinity |            Infinity
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970    |            0 |        0.000 |  0.000000 |   2440588 |            0.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997    |      2000000 |     2000.000 |  2.000000 |   2450491 |    855595922.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997  |      1400000 |     1400.000 |  1.400000 |   2450491 |    855595921.400000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997  |      1500000 |     1500.000 |  1.500000 |   2450491 |    855595921.500000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997  |      1600000 |     1600.000 |  1.600000 |   2450491 |    855595921.600000
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997    |            0 |        0.000 |  0.000000 |   2450451 |    852163200.000000
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997    |      5000000 |     5000.000 |  5.000000 |   2450451 |    852174245.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450611 |    865963921.000000
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001    |     20000000 |    20000.000 | 20.000000 |   2452176 |   1001182760.000000
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451619 |    953108041.000000
+ Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000    |      2000000 |     2000.000 |  2.000000 |   2451620 |    953126042.000000
+ Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000    |      3000000 |     3000.000 |  3.000000 |   2451620 |    953122443.000000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000    |      4000000 |     4000.000 |  4.000000 |   2451619 |    953090044.000000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000    |      5000000 |     5000.000 |  5.000000 |   2451619 |    953086445.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997    |            0 |        0.000 |  0.000000 |   2450491 |    855595920.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450611 |    865967521.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450492 |    855682321.000000
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450493 |    855768721.000000
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450494 |    855855121.000000
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450495 |    855941521.000000
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450496 |    856027921.000000
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450497 |    856114321.000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   1686043 | -65192711279.000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   1756537 | -59102029679.000000
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   1939158 | -43323575279.000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2121779 | -27545120879.000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2340925 |  -8610906479.000000
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2377449 |  -5455232879.000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2413973 |  -2299559279.000000
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450497 |    856114321.000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2487022 |   4011874321.000000
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450143 |    825528721.000000
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450144 |    825615121.000000
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450145 |    825701521.000000
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450449 |    851967121.000000
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450450 |    852053521.000000
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450451 |    852139921.000000
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450509 |    857151121.000000
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450510 |    857237521.000000
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450814 |    883503121.000000
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450815 |    883589521.000000
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451545 |    946661521.000000
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451546 |    946747921.000000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451911 |    978283921.000000
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451912 |    978370321.000000
+(65 rows)
+
+-- value near upper bound uses special case in code
+SELECT date_part('epoch', '294270-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp);
+   date_part   
+---------------
+ 9224097091200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT extract(epoch from '294270-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp);
+       extract        
+----------------------
+ 9224097091200.000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- another internal overflow test case
+SELECT extract(epoch from '5000-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp);
+      extract       
+--------------------
+ 95617584000.000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- TO_CHAR()
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'DAY Day day DY Dy dy MONTH Month month RM MON Mon mon')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+                                         to_char                                          
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue JUNE      June      june      VI   JUN Jun jun
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat SEPTEMBER September september IX   SEP Sep sep
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue JUNE      June      june      VI   JUN Jun jun
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SUNDAY    Sunday    sunday    SUN Sun sun FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SUNDAY    Sunday    sunday    SUN Sun sun FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
+ FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
+ SUNDAY    Sunday    sunday    SUN Sun sun DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMDAY FMDay FMday FMMONTH FMMonth FMmonth FMRM')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+                           to_char                            
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday JANUARY January january I
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday JANUARY January january I
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday JANUARY January january I
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday JUNE June june VI
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday SEPTEMBER September september IX
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday JUNE June june VI
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
+ FRIDAY Friday friday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SUNDAY Sunday sunday FEBRUARY February february II
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SUNDAY Sunday sunday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
+ FRIDAY Friday friday MARCH March march III
+ MONDAY Monday monday DECEMBER December december XII
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday DECEMBER December december XII
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday JANUARY January january I
+ FRIDAY Friday friday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday MARCH March march III
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday DECEMBER December december XII
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday DECEMBER December december XII
+ FRIDAY Friday friday DECEMBER December december XII
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday JANUARY January january I
+ SUNDAY Sunday sunday DECEMBER December december XII
+ MONDAY Monday monday JANUARY January january I
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'Y,YYY YYYY YYY YY Y CC Q MM WW DDD DD D J')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+                     to_char                      
+--------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1,970 1970 970 70 0 20 1 01 01 001 01 5 2440588
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 002 02 5 2450451
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 002 02 5 2450451
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 06 23 161 10 3 2450610
+ 2,001 2001 001 01 1 21 3 09 38 265 22 7 2452175
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 06 23 161 10 3 2450610
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 042 11 3 2450491
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 043 12 4 2450492
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 044 13 5 2450493
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 045 14 6 2450494
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 046 15 7 2450495
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 047 16 1 2450496
+ 0,097 0097 097 97 7 -01 1 02 07 047 16 3 1686042
+ 0,097 0097 097 97 7 01 1 02 07 047 16 7 1756536
+ 0,597 0597 597 97 7 06 1 02 07 047 16 5 1939157
+ 1,097 1097 097 97 7 11 1 02 07 047 16 3 2121778
+ 1,697 1697 697 97 7 17 1 02 07 047 16 7 2340924
+ 1,797 1797 797 97 7 18 1 02 07 047 16 5 2377448
+ 1,897 1897 897 97 7 19 1 02 07 047 16 3 2413972
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 047 16 1 2450496
+ 2,097 2097 097 97 7 21 1 02 07 047 16 7 2487021
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 02 09 059 28 4 2450142
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 02 09 060 29 5 2450143
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 03 09 061 01 6 2450144
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 365 30 2 2450448
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 366 31 3 2450449
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 001 01 4 2450450
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 09 059 28 6 2450508
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 03 09 060 01 7 2450509
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 52 364 30 3 2450813
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 53 365 31 4 2450814
+ 1,999 1999 999 99 9 20 4 12 53 365 31 6 2451544
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 01 01 001 01 7 2451545
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 4 12 53 366 31 1 2451910
+ 2,001 2001 001 01 1 21 1 01 01 001 01 2 2451911
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMY,YYY FMYYYY FMYYY FMYY FMY FMCC FMQ FMMM FMWW FMDDD FMDD FMD FMJ')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+                     to_char                     
+-------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1,970 1970 970 70 0 20 1 1 1 1 1 5 2440588
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 2 2 5 2450451
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 2 2 5 2450451
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 6 23 161 10 3 2450610
+ 2,001 2001 1 1 1 21 3 9 38 265 22 7 2452175
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 6 23 161 10 3 2450610
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 42 11 3 2450491
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 43 12 4 2450492
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 44 13 5 2450493
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 45 14 6 2450494
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 46 15 7 2450495
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 47 16 1 2450496
+ 0,097 97 97 97 7 -1 1 2 7 47 16 3 1686042
+ 0,097 97 97 97 7 1 1 2 7 47 16 7 1756536
+ 0,597 597 597 97 7 6 1 2 7 47 16 5 1939157
+ 1,097 1097 97 97 7 11 1 2 7 47 16 3 2121778
+ 1,697 1697 697 97 7 17 1 2 7 47 16 7 2340924
+ 1,797 1797 797 97 7 18 1 2 7 47 16 5 2377448
+ 1,897 1897 897 97 7 19 1 2 7 47 16 3 2413972
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 47 16 1 2450496
+ 2,097 2097 97 97 7 21 1 2 7 47 16 7 2487021
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 2 9 59 28 4 2450142
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 2 9 60 29 5 2450143
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 3 9 61 1 6 2450144
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 365 30 2 2450448
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 366 31 3 2450449
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 1 1 4 2450450
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 9 59 28 6 2450508
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 3 9 60 1 7 2450509
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 52 364 30 3 2450813
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 53 365 31 4 2450814
+ 1,999 1999 999 99 9 20 4 12 53 365 31 6 2451544
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 1 1 1 1 7 2451545
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 4 12 53 366 31 1 2451910
+ 2,001 2001 1 1 1 21 1 1 1 1 1 2 2451911
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH HH12 HH24 MI SS SSSS')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+       to_char        
+----------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 12 12 00 00 00 0
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 02 63122
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 12 12 00 00 00 0
+ 03 03 03 04 05 11045
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 06 06 18 19 20 65960
+ 08 08 08 14 01 29641
+ 01 01 13 14 02 47642
+ 12 12 12 14 03 44043
+ 03 03 03 14 04 11644
+ 02 02 02 14 05 8045
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 00 63120
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 06 06 18 32 01 66721
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, E'"HH:MI:SS is" HH:MI:SS "\\"text between quote marks\\""')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+                     to_char                     
+-------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ HH:MI:SS is 12:00:00 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:02 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 12:00:00 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 03:04:05 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 06:19:20 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 08:14:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 01:14:02 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 12:14:03 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 03:14:04 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 02:14:05 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:00 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 06:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH24--text--MI--text--SS')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+        to_char         
+------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 00--text--00--text--00
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--02
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 00--text--00--text--00
+ 03--text--04--text--05
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 18--text--19--text--20
+ 08--text--14--text--01
+ 13--text--14--text--02
+ 12--text--14--text--03
+ 03--text--14--text--04
+ 02--text--14--text--05
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--00
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 18--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYYTH YYYYth Jth')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+         to_char         
+-------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1970TH 1970th 2440588th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450451st
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450451st
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450610th
+ 2001ST 2001st 2452175th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450610th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450491st
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450492nd
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450493rd
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450494th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450495th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450496th
+ 0097TH 0097th 1686042nd
+ 0097TH 0097th 1756536th
+ 0597TH 0597th 1939157th
+ 1097TH 1097th 2121778th
+ 1697TH 1697th 2340924th
+ 1797TH 1797th 2377448th
+ 1897TH 1897th 2413972nd
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450496th
+ 2097TH 2097th 2487021st
+ 1996TH 1996th 2450142nd
+ 1996TH 1996th 2450143rd
+ 1996TH 1996th 2450144th
+ 1996TH 1996th 2450448th
+ 1996TH 1996th 2450449th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450450th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450508th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450509th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450813th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450814th
+ 1999TH 1999th 2451544th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451545th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451910th
+ 2001ST 2001st 2451911th
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYY A.D. YYYY a.d. YYYY bc HH:MI:SS P.M. HH:MI:SS p.m. HH:MI:SS pm')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+                               to_char                               
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1970 A.D. 1970 a.d. 1970 ad 12:00:00 A.M. 12:00:00 a.m. 12:00:00 am
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:02 P.M. 05:32:02 p.m. 05:32:02 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 12:00:00 A.M. 12:00:00 a.m. 12:00:00 am
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 03:04:05 A.M. 03:04:05 a.m. 03:04:05 am
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 2001 A.D. 2001 a.d. 2001 ad 06:19:20 P.M. 06:19:20 p.m. 06:19:20 pm
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 08:14:01 A.M. 08:14:01 a.m. 08:14:01 am
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 01:14:02 P.M. 01:14:02 p.m. 01:14:02 pm
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 12:14:03 P.M. 12:14:03 p.m. 12:14:03 pm
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 03:14:04 A.M. 03:14:04 a.m. 03:14:04 am
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 02:14:05 A.M. 02:14:05 a.m. 02:14:05 am
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:00 P.M. 05:32:00 p.m. 05:32:00 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 06:32:01 P.M. 06:32:01 p.m. 06:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 0097 B.C. 0097 b.c. 0097 bc 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 0097 A.D. 0097 a.d. 0097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 0597 A.D. 0597 a.d. 0597 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1097 A.D. 1097 a.d. 1097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1697 A.D. 1697 a.d. 1697 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1797 A.D. 1797 a.d. 1797 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1897 A.D. 1897 a.d. 1897 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 2097 A.D. 2097 a.d. 2097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1999 A.D. 1999 a.d. 1999 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 2001 A.D. 2001 a.d. 2001 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'IYYY IYY IY I IW IDDD ID')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+        to_char         
+------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1970 970 70 0 01 004 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 01 004 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 01 004 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
+ 2001 001 01 1 38 265 6
+ 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
+ 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
+ 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
+ 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
+ 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 044 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 045 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 046 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 047 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 048 6
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 049 7
+ 0097 097 97 7 07 044 2
+ 0097 097 97 7 07 048 6
+ 0597 597 97 7 07 046 4
+ 1097 097 97 7 07 044 2
+ 1697 697 97 7 07 048 6
+ 1797 797 97 7 07 046 4
+ 1897 897 97 7 07 044 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 049 7
+ 2097 097 97 7 07 048 6
+ 1996 996 96 6 09 059 3
+ 1996 996 96 6 09 060 4
+ 1996 996 96 6 09 061 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 01 001 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 01 002 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 01 003 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 09 061 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 09 062 6
+ 1998 998 98 8 01 002 2
+ 1998 998 98 8 01 003 3
+ 1999 999 99 9 52 362 5
+ 1999 999 99 9 52 363 6
+ 2000 000 00 0 52 364 7
+ 2001 001 01 1 01 001 1
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMIYYY FMIYY FMIY FMI FMIW FMIDDD FMID')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+        to_char         
+------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1970 970 70 0 1 4 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 1 4 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 1 4 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
+ 2001 1 1 1 38 265 6
+ 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
+ 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
+ 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
+ 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
+ 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 44 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 45 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 46 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 47 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 48 6
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 49 7
+ 97 97 97 7 7 44 2
+ 97 97 97 7 7 48 6
+ 597 597 97 7 7 46 4
+ 1097 97 97 7 7 44 2
+ 1697 697 97 7 7 48 6
+ 1797 797 97 7 7 46 4
+ 1897 897 97 7 7 44 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 49 7
+ 2097 97 97 7 7 48 6
+ 1996 996 96 6 9 59 3
+ 1996 996 96 6 9 60 4
+ 1996 996 96 6 9 61 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 1 1 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 1 2 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 1 3 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 9 61 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 9 62 6
+ 1998 998 98 8 1 2 2
+ 1998 998 98 8 1 3 3
+ 1999 999 99 9 52 362 5
+ 1999 999 99 9 52 363 6
+ 2000 0 0 0 52 364 7
+ 2001 1 1 1 1 1 1
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d, 'FF1 FF2 FF3 FF4 FF5 FF6  ff1 ff2 ff3 ff4 ff5 ff6  MS US')
+   FROM (VALUES
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56'::timestamp),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78'),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901'),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901234')
+   ) d(d);
+                              to_char                               
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 0 00 000 0000 00000 000000  0 00 000 0000 00000 000000  000 000000
+ 7 78 780 7800 78000 780000  7 78 780 7800 78000 780000  780 780000
+ 7 78 789 7890 78901 789010  7 78 789 7890 78901 789010  789 789010
+ 7 78 789 7890 78901 789012  7 78 789 7890 78901 789012  789 789012
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Roman months, with upper and lower case.
+SELECT i,
+       to_char(i * interval '1mon', 'rm'),
+       to_char(i * interval '1mon', 'RM')
+    FROM generate_series(-13, 13) i;
+  i  | to_char | to_char 
+-----+---------+---------
+ -13 | xii     | XII 
+ -12 | i       | I   
+ -11 | ii      | II  
+ -10 | iii     | III 
+  -9 | iv      | IV  
+  -8 | v       | V   
+  -7 | vi      | VI  
+  -6 | vii     | VII 
+  -5 | viii    | VIII
+  -4 | ix      | IX  
+  -3 | x       | X   
+  -2 | xi      | XI  
+  -1 | xii     | XII 
+   0 |         | 
+   1 | i       | I   
+   2 | ii      | II  
+   3 | iii     | III 
+   4 | iv      | IV  
+   5 | v       | V   
+   6 | vi      | VI  
+   7 | vii     | VII 
+   8 | viii    | VIII
+   9 | ix      | IX  
+  10 | x       | X   
+  11 | xi      | XI  
+  12 | xii     | XII 
+  13 | i       | I   
+(27 rows)
+
+-- timestamp numeric fields constructor
+SELECT make_timestamp(2014, 12, 28, 6, 30, 45.887);
+        make_timestamp        
+------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 28 06:30:45.887 2014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT make_timestamp(-44, 3, 15, 12, 30, 15);
+       make_timestamp        
+-----------------------------
+ Fri Mar 15 12:30:15 0044 BC
+(1 row)
+
+-- should fail
+select make_timestamp(0, 7, 15, 12, 30, 15);
+ERROR:  date field value out of range: 0-07-15
+-- generate_series for timestamp
+select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamp,
+                              '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamp,
+                              '1 hour'::interval);
+     generate_series      
+--------------------------
+ Wed Jan 01 00:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 01:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 02:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 03:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 04:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 05:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 06:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 07:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 08:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 09:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 10:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 11:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 12:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 13:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 14:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 15:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 16:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 17:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 18:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 19:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 20:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 21:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 22:00:00 2020
+ Wed Jan 01 23:00:00 2020
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2020
+ Thu Jan 02 01:00:00 2020
+ Thu Jan 02 02:00:00 2020
+ Thu Jan 02 03:00:00 2020
+(28 rows)
+
+-- the LIMIT should allow this to terminate in a reasonable amount of time
+-- (but that unfortunately doesn't work yet for SELECT * FROM ...)
+select generate_series('2022-01-01 00:00'::timestamp,
+                       'infinity'::timestamp,
+                       '1 month'::interval) limit 10;
+     generate_series      
+--------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 2022
+ Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 2022
+ Tue Mar 01 00:00:00 2022
+ Fri Apr 01 00:00:00 2022
+ Sun May 01 00:00:00 2022
+ Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 2022
+ Fri Jul 01 00:00:00 2022
+ Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 2022
+ Thu Sep 01 00:00:00 2022
+ Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 2022
+(10 rows)
+
+-- errors
+select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamp,
+                              '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamp,
+                              '0 hour'::interval);
+ERROR:  step size cannot equal zero
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/timestamptz.out b/src/test/regress/expected/timestamptz.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eba8419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/timestamptz.out
@@ -0,0 +1,3056 @@
+--
+-- TIMESTAMPTZ
+--
+CREATE TABLE TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL (d1 timestamp(2) with time zone);
+-- Test shorthand input values
+-- We can't just "select" the results since they aren't constants; test for
+-- equality instead.  We can do that by running the test inside a transaction
+-- block, within which the value of 'now' shouldn't change, and so these
+-- related values shouldn't either.
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('today');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('yesterday');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow EST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow zulu');
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone 'today';
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow';
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone 'yesterday';
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow EST';
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow zulu';
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+DELETE FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+-- Verify that 'now' *does* change over a reasonable interval such as 100 msec,
+-- and that it doesn't change over the same interval within a transaction block
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+ pg_sleep 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+ pg_sleep 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+ pg_sleep 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) AS two FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp(2) with time zone 'now';
+ two 
+-----
+   2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(d1) AS three, count(DISTINCT d1) AS two FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+ three | two 
+-------+-----
+     3 |   2
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+TRUNCATE TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+-- Special values
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('-infinity');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('infinity');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('epoch');
+-- Postgres v6.0 standard output format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST');
+-- Variations on Postgres v6.1 standard output format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.000001 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.999999 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST');
+-- ISO 8601 format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02 03:04:05');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-08');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 -08:00');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 -0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 17:32:01 -07:00');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2001-09-22T18:19:20');
+-- POSIX format (note that the timezone abbrev is just decoration here)
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 08:14:01 GMT+8');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 13:14:02 GMT-1');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 12:14:03 GMT-2');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 03:14:04 PST+8');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 02:14:05 MST+7:00');
+-- Variations for acceptable input formats
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 -0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 5:32PM 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997/02/10 17:32:01-0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb-10-1997 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('02-10-1997 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 PST');
+set datestyle to ymd;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('97FEB10 5:32:01PM UTC');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('97/02/10 17:32:01 UTC');
+reset datestyle;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997.041 17:32:01 UTC');
+-- timestamps at different timezones
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 America/New_York');
+SELECT '19970210 173201' AT TIME ZONE 'America/New_York';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Mon Feb 10 20:32:01 1997
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America/New_York');
+SELECT '19970710 173201' AT TIME ZONE 'America/New_York';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Thu Jul 10 20:32:01 1997
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America/Does_not_exist');
+ERROR:  time zone "america/does_not_exist" not recognized
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America...
+                                            ^
+SELECT '19970710 173201' AT TIME ZONE 'America/Does_not_exist';
+ERROR:  time zone "America/Does_not_exist" not recognized
+-- Daylight saving time for timestamps beyond 32-bit time_t range.
+SELECT '20500710 173201 Europe/Helsinki'::timestamptz; -- DST
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Jul 10 07:32:01 2050 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '20500110 173201 Europe/Helsinki'::timestamptz; -- non-DST
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Mon Jan 10 07:32:01 2050 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '205000-07-10 17:32:01 Europe/Helsinki'::timestamptz; -- DST
+          timestamptz           
+--------------------------------
+ Thu Jul 10 07:32:01 205000 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '205000-01-10 17:32:01 Europe/Helsinki'::timestamptz; -- non-DST
+          timestamptz           
+--------------------------------
+ Fri Jan 10 07:32:01 205000 PST
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check date conversion and date arithmetic
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 18:32:01 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 11 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 12 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 13 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 14 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 15 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0597');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1697');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1797');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1897');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 2097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1997');
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "Feb 29 17:32:01 1997"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1997');
+                                            ^
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1999');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2000');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 2000');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2001');
+-- Currently unsupported syntax and ranges
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097');
+ERROR:  time zone displacement out of range: "Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097')...
+                                            ^
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC');
+ERROR:  timestamp out of range: "Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC...
+                                            ^
+-- Alternative field order that we've historically supported (sort of)
+-- with regular and POSIXy timezone specs
+SELECT 'Wed Jul 11 10:51:14 America/New_York 2001'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Wed Jul 11 07:51:14 2001 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Wed Jul 11 10:51:14 GMT-4 2001'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Tue Jul 10 23:51:14 2001 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Wed Jul 11 10:51:14 GMT+4 2001'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Wed Jul 11 07:51:14 2001 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Wed Jul 11 10:51:14 PST-03:00 2001'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Wed Jul 11 00:51:14 2001 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Wed Jul 11 10:51:14 PST+03:00 2001'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Wed Jul 11 06:51:14 2001 PDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+               d1                
+---------------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 PST
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 04:14:02 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:03 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 01:14:05 2000 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 14:32:01 1997 PST
+ Thu Jul 10 14:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST BC
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 PST
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 PST
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST
+(66 rows)
+
+-- Check behavior at the boundaries of the timestamp range
+SELECT '4714-11-24 00:00:00+00 BC'::timestamptz;
+           timestamptz           
+---------------------------------
+ Sun Nov 23 16:00:00 4714 PST BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4714-11-23 16:00:00-08 BC'::timestamptz;
+           timestamptz           
+---------------------------------
+ Sun Nov 23 16:00:00 4714 PST BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'Sun Nov 23 16:00:00 4714 PST BC'::timestamptz;
+           timestamptz           
+---------------------------------
+ Sun Nov 23 16:00:00 4714 PST BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '4714-11-23 23:59:59+00 BC'::timestamptz;  -- out of range
+ERROR:  timestamp out of range: "4714-11-23 23:59:59+00 BC"
+LINE 1: SELECT '4714-11-23 23:59:59+00 BC'::timestamptz;
+               ^
+SELECT '294276-12-31 23:59:59+00'::timestamptz;
+          timestamptz           
+--------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 31 15:59:59 294276 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '294276-12-31 15:59:59-08'::timestamptz;
+          timestamptz           
+--------------------------------
+ Sun Dec 31 15:59:59 294276 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '294277-01-01 00:00:00+00'::timestamptz;  -- out of range
+ERROR:  timestamp out of range: "294277-01-01 00:00:00+00"
+LINE 1: SELECT '294277-01-01 00:00:00+00'::timestamptz;
+               ^
+SELECT '294277-12-31 16:00:00-08'::timestamptz;  -- out of range
+ERROR:  timestamp out of range: "294277-12-31 16:00:00-08"
+LINE 1: SELECT '294277-12-31 16:00:00-08'::timestamptz;
+               ^
+-- Demonstrate functions and operators
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 > timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+               d1               
+--------------------------------
+ infinity
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 04:14:02 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:03 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 01:14:05 2000 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 14:32:01 1997 PST
+ Thu Jul 10 14:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 PST
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST
+(50 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 < timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+               d1                
+---------------------------------
+ -infinity
+ Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST BC
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 PST
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 PST
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 PST
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+              d1              
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 != timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+               d1                
+---------------------------------
+ -infinity
+ infinity
+ Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 04:14:02 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:03 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 01:14:05 2000 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 14:32:01 1997 PST
+ Thu Jul 10 14:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST BC
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 PST
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 PST
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST
+(65 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 <= timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+               d1                
+---------------------------------
+ -infinity
+ Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 PST
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST BC
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 PST
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 PST
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 PST
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 PST
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 PST
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 >= timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+               d1               
+--------------------------------
+ infinity
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 PST
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 04:14:02 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:03 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST
+ Wed Mar 15 01:14:05 2000 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST
+ Mon Feb 10 14:32:01 1997 PST
+ Thu Jul 10 14:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 PDT
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 PST
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 PST
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST
+(51 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 - timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 BETWEEN '1902-01-01' AND '2038-01-01';
+                  diff                  
+----------------------------------------
+ @ 9863 days 8 hours ago
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 2 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.4 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.6 secs
+ @ 0
+ @ 3 hours 4 mins 5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 159 days 16 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1724 days 17 hours 19 mins 20 secs
+ @ 1168 days 8 hours 14 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1168 days 4 hours 14 mins 2 secs
+ @ 1168 days 2 hours 14 mins 3 secs
+ @ 1168 days 3 hours 14 mins 4 secs
+ @ 1168 days 1 hour 14 mins 5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 9 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 9 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 9 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 14 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 189 days 13 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 159 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 40 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 41 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 42 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 43 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 44 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 308 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 307 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 306 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 2 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 1 day 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 57 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 58 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 362 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 363 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1093 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1094 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1459 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1460 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+(56 rows)
+
+SELECT date_trunc( 'week', timestamp with time zone '2004-02-29 15:44:17.71393' ) AS week_trunc;
+          week_trunc          
+------------------------------
+ Mon Feb 23 00:00:00 2004 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date_trunc('day', timestamp with time zone '2001-02-16 20:38:40+00', 'Australia/Sydney') as sydney_trunc;  -- zone name
+         sydney_trunc         
+------------------------------
+ Fri Feb 16 05:00:00 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date_trunc('day', timestamp with time zone '2001-02-16 20:38:40+00', 'GMT') as gmt_trunc;  -- fixed-offset abbreviation
+          gmt_trunc           
+------------------------------
+ Thu Feb 15 16:00:00 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date_trunc('day', timestamp with time zone '2001-02-16 20:38:40+00', 'VET') as vet_trunc;  -- variable-offset abbreviation
+          vet_trunc           
+------------------------------
+ Thu Feb 15 20:00:00 2001 PST
+(1 row)
+
+-- verify date_bin behaves the same as date_trunc for relevant intervals
+SELECT
+  str,
+  interval,
+  date_trunc(str, ts, 'Australia/Sydney') = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp with time zone '2001-01-01+11') AS equal
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('day', '1 d'),
+  ('hour', '1 h'),
+  ('minute', '1 m'),
+  ('second', '1 s'),
+  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
+  ('microsecond', '1 us')
+) intervals (str, interval),
+(VALUES (timestamptz '2020-02-29 15:44:17.71393+00')) ts (ts);
+     str     | interval | equal 
+-------------+----------+-------
+ day         | 1 d      | t
+ hour        | 1 h      | t
+ minute      | 1 m      | t
+ second      | 1 s      | t
+ millisecond | 1 ms     | t
+ microsecond | 1 us     | t
+(6 rows)
+
+-- bin timestamps into arbitrary intervals
+SELECT
+  interval,
+  ts,
+  origin,
+  date_bin(interval::interval, ts, origin)
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('15 days'),
+  ('2 hours'),
+  ('1 hour 30 minutes'),
+  ('15 minutes'),
+  ('10 seconds'),
+  ('100 milliseconds'),
+  ('250 microseconds')
+) intervals (interval),
+(VALUES (timestamptz '2020-02-11 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts),
+(VALUES (timestamptz '2001-01-01')) origin (origin);
+     interval      |                 ts                 |            origin            |              date_bin              
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------------
+ 15 days           | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 PST | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 PST | Thu Feb 06 00:00:00 2020 PST
+ 2 hours           | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 PST | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 PST | Tue Feb 11 14:00:00 2020 PST
+ 1 hour 30 minutes | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 PST | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 PST | Tue Feb 11 15:00:00 2020 PST
+ 15 minutes        | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 PST | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 PST | Tue Feb 11 15:30:00 2020 PST
+ 10 seconds        | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 PST | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 PST | Tue Feb 11 15:44:10 2020 PST
+ 100 milliseconds  | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 PST | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 PST | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.7 2020 PST
+ 250 microseconds  | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 PST | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 PST | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71375 2020 PST
+(7 rows)
+
+-- shift bins using the origin parameter:
+SELECT date_bin('5 min'::interval, timestamptz '2020-02-01 01:01:01+00', timestamptz '2020-02-01 00:02:30+00');
+           date_bin           
+------------------------------
+ Fri Jan 31 16:57:30 2020 PST
+(1 row)
+
+-- disallow intervals with months or years
+SELECT date_bin('5 months'::interval, timestamp with time zone '2020-02-01 01:01:01+00', timestamp with time zone '2001-01-01+00');
+ERROR:  timestamps cannot be binned into intervals containing months or years
+SELECT date_bin('5 years'::interval,  timestamp with time zone '2020-02-01 01:01:01+00', timestamp with time zone '2001-01-01+00');
+ERROR:  timestamps cannot be binned into intervals containing months or years
+-- disallow zero intervals
+SELECT date_bin('0 days'::interval, timestamp with time zone '1970-01-01 01:00:00+00' , timestamp with time zone '1970-01-01 00:00:00+00');
+ERROR:  stride must be greater than zero
+-- disallow negative intervals
+SELECT date_bin('-2 days'::interval, timestamp with time zone '1970-01-01 01:00:00+00' , timestamp with time zone '1970-01-01 00:00:00+00');
+ERROR:  stride must be greater than zero
+-- Test casting within a BETWEEN qualifier
+SELECT d1 - timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff
+  FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+  WHERE d1 BETWEEN timestamp with time zone '1902-01-01' AND timestamp with time zone '2038-01-01';
+                  diff                  
+----------------------------------------
+ @ 9863 days 8 hours ago
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 2 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.4 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.6 secs
+ @ 0
+ @ 3 hours 4 mins 5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 159 days 16 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1724 days 17 hours 19 mins 20 secs
+ @ 1168 days 8 hours 14 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1168 days 4 hours 14 mins 2 secs
+ @ 1168 days 2 hours 14 mins 3 secs
+ @ 1168 days 3 hours 14 mins 4 secs
+ @ 1168 days 1 hour 14 mins 5 secs
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 9 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 9 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 9 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 14 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 189 days 13 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 159 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 40 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 41 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 42 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 43 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 44 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 308 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 307 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 306 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 2 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 1 day 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
+ @ 57 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 58 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 362 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 363 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1093 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1094 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1459 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+ @ 1460 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
+(56 rows)
+
+-- DATE_PART (timestamptz_part)
+SELECT d1 as timestamptz,
+   date_part( 'year', d1) AS year, date_part( 'month', d1) AS month,
+   date_part( 'day', d1) AS day, date_part( 'hour', d1) AS hour,
+   date_part( 'minute', d1) AS minute, date_part( 'second', d1) AS second
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+           timestamptz           |   year    | month | day | hour | minute | second 
+---------------------------------+-----------+-------+-----+------+--------+--------
+ -infinity                       | -Infinity |       |     |      |        |       
+ infinity                        |  Infinity |       |     |      |        |       
+ Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 PST    |      1969 |    12 |  31 |   16 |      0 |      0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      2
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST  |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |    1.4
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST  |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |    1.5
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST  |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |    1.6
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 PST    |      1997 |     1 |   2 |    0 |      0 |      0
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 PST    |      1997 |     1 |   2 |    3 |      4 |      5
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 PDT    |      1997 |     6 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT    |      2001 |     9 |  22 |   18 |     19 |     20
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |    8 |     14 |      1
+ Wed Mar 15 04:14:02 2000 PST    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |    4 |     14 |      2
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:03 2000 PST    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |    2 |     14 |      3
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |    3 |     14 |      4
+ Wed Mar 15 01:14:05 2000 PST    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |    1 |     14 |      5
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |    9 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |    9 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |    9 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 14:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   14 |     32 |      1
+ Thu Jul 10 14:32:01 1997 PDT    |      1997 |     7 |  10 |   14 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 PDT    |      1997 |     6 |  10 |   18 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  11 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  12 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  13 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  14 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  15 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST BC |       -97 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST    |        97 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 PST    |       597 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 PST    |      1097 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 PST    |      1697 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 PST    |      1797 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 PST    |      1897 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 PST    |      2097 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1996 |     2 |  28 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1996 |     2 |  29 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1996 |     3 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1996 |    12 |  30 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1996 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     1 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     2 |  28 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |     3 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    12 |  30 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST    |      1999 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST    |      2000 |     1 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST    |      2000 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST    |      2001 |     1 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 as timestamptz,
+   date_part( 'quarter', d1) AS quarter, date_part( 'msec', d1) AS msec,
+   date_part( 'usec', d1) AS usec
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+           timestamptz           | quarter | msec  |   usec   
+---------------------------------+---------+-------+----------
+ -infinity                       |         |       |         
+ infinity                        |         |       |         
+ Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 PST    |       4 |     0 |        0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 PST    |       1 |  2000 |  2000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST  |       1 |  1400 |  1400000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST  |       1 |  1500 |  1500000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST  |       1 |  1600 |  1600000
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 PST    |       1 |     0 |        0
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 PST    |       1 |  5000 |  5000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 PDT    |       2 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT    |       3 | 20000 | 20000000
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Wed Mar 15 04:14:02 2000 PST    |       1 |  2000 |  2000000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:03 2000 PST    |       1 |  3000 |  3000000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST    |       1 |  4000 |  4000000
+ Wed Mar 15 01:14:05 2000 PST    |       1 |  5000 |  5000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 PST    |       1 |     0 |        0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 14:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Thu Jul 10 14:32:01 1997 PDT    |       3 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 PDT    |       2 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST BC |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 as timestamptz,
+   date_part( 'isoyear', d1) AS isoyear, date_part( 'week', d1) AS week,
+   date_part( 'isodow', d1) AS isodow, date_part( 'dow', d1) AS dow,
+   date_part( 'doy', d1) AS doy
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+           timestamptz           |  isoyear  | week | isodow | dow | doy 
+---------------------------------+-----------+------+--------+-----+-----
+ -infinity                       | -Infinity |      |        |     |    
+ infinity                        |  Infinity |      |        |     |    
+ Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 PST    |      1970 |    1 |      3 |   3 | 365
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST  |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST  |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST  |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 PST    |      1997 |    1 |      4 |   4 |   2
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 PST    |      1997 |    1 |      4 |   4 |   2
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 PDT    |      1997 |   24 |      2 |   2 | 161
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT    |      2001 |   38 |      6 |   6 | 265
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
+ Wed Mar 15 04:14:02 2000 PST    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:03 2000 PST    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
+ Wed Mar 15 01:14:05 2000 PST    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Mon Feb 10 14:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Thu Jul 10 14:32:01 1997 PDT    |      1997 |   28 |      4 |   4 | 191
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 PDT    |      1997 |   24 |      2 |   2 | 161
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  42
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      3 |   3 |  43
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      4 |   4 |  44
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      5 |   5 |  45
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  46
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      7 |   0 |  47
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST BC |       -97 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  47
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST    |        97 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  47
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 PST    |       597 |    7 |      4 |   4 |  47
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 PST    |      1097 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  47
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 PST    |      1697 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  47
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 PST    |      1797 |    7 |      4 |   4 |  47
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 PST    |      1897 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  47
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    7 |      7 |   0 |  47
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 PST    |      2097 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  47
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1996 |    9 |      3 |   3 |  59
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1996 |    9 |      4 |   4 |  60
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1996 |    9 |      5 |   5 |  61
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1997 |    1 |      1 |   1 | 365
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1997 |    1 |      2 |   2 | 366
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    1 |      3 |   3 |   1
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    9 |      5 |   5 |  59
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1997 |    9 |      6 |   6 |  60
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1998 |    1 |      2 |   2 | 364
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1998 |    1 |      3 |   3 | 365
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST    |      1999 |   52 |      5 |   5 | 365
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST    |      1999 |   52 |      6 |   6 |   1
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST    |      2000 |   52 |      7 |   0 | 366
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST    |      2001 |    1 |      1 |   1 |   1
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 as timestamptz,
+   date_part( 'decade', d1) AS decade,
+   date_part( 'century', d1) AS century,
+   date_part( 'millennium', d1) AS millennium,
+   round(date_part( 'julian', d1)) AS julian,
+   date_part( 'epoch', d1) AS epoch
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+           timestamptz           |  decade   |  century  | millennium |  julian   |    epoch     
+---------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+--------------
+ -infinity                       | -Infinity | -Infinity |  -Infinity | -Infinity |    -Infinity
+ infinity                        |  Infinity |  Infinity |   Infinity |  Infinity |     Infinity
+ Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 PST    |       196 |        20 |          2 |   2440588 |            0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624722
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST  |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |  855624721.4
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST  |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |  855624721.5
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST  |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |  855624721.6
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450451 |    852192000
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450451 |    852203045
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 PDT    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450611 |    865989121
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT    |       200 |        21 |          3 |   2452176 |   1001207960
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451619 |    953136841
+ Wed Mar 15 04:14:02 2000 PST    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451619 |    953122442
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:03 2000 PST    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451619 |    953115243
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451619 |    953118844
+ Wed Mar 15 01:14:05 2000 PST    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451619 |    953111645
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624720
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450490 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450490 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450490 |    855595921
+ Mon Feb 10 14:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855613921
+ Thu Jul 10 14:32:01 1997 PDT    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450641 |    868570321
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 PDT    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450611 |    865992721
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855624721
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450492 |    855711121
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450493 |    855797521
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450494 |    855883921
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450495 |    855970321
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450496 |    856056721
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450497 |    856143121
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST BC |       -10 |        -1 |         -1 |   1686043 | -65192682479
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST    |         9 |         1 |          1 |   1756537 | -59102000879
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 PST    |        59 |         6 |          1 |   1939158 | -43323546479
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 PST    |       109 |        11 |          2 |   2121779 | -27545092079
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 PST    |       169 |        17 |          2 |   2340925 |  -8610877679
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 PST    |       179 |        18 |          2 |   2377449 |  -5455204079
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 PST    |       189 |        19 |          2 |   2413973 |  -2299530479
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450497 |    856143121
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 PST    |       209 |        21 |          3 |   2487022 |   4011903121
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450143 |    825557521
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450144 |    825643921
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450145 |    825730321
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450449 |    851995921
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450450 |    852082321
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450451 |    852168721
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450509 |    857179921
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450510 |    857266321
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450814 |    883531921
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450815 |    883618321
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2451545 |    946690321
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451546 |    946776721
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451911 |    978312721
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST    |       200 |        21 |          3 |   2451912 |    978399121
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT d1 as timestamptz,
+   date_part( 'timezone', d1) AS timezone,
+   date_part( 'timezone_hour', d1) AS timezone_hour,
+   date_part( 'timezone_minute', d1) AS timezone_minute
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+           timestamptz           | timezone | timezone_hour | timezone_minute 
+---------------------------------+----------+---------------+-----------------
+ -infinity                       |          |               |                
+ infinity                        |          |               |                
+ Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST  |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST  |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST  |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 PDT    |   -25200 |            -7 |               0
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT    |   -25200 |            -7 |               0
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Wed Mar 15 04:14:02 2000 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:03 2000 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Wed Mar 15 01:14:05 2000 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 14:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Thu Jul 10 14:32:01 1997 PDT    |   -25200 |            -7 |               0
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 PDT    |   -25200 |            -7 |               0
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST BC |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST    |   -28800 |            -8 |               0
+(66 rows)
+
+-- extract implementation is mostly the same as date_part, so only
+-- test a few cases for additional coverage.
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   extract(microseconds from d1) AS microseconds,
+   extract(milliseconds from d1) AS milliseconds,
+   extract(seconds from d1) AS seconds,
+   round(extract(julian from d1)) AS julian,
+   extract(epoch from d1) AS epoch
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+            timestamp            | microseconds | milliseconds |  seconds  |  julian   |        epoch        
+---------------------------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+-----------+---------------------
+ -infinity                       |              |              |           | -Infinity |           -Infinity
+ infinity                        |              |              |           |  Infinity |            Infinity
+ Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 PST    |            0 |        0.000 |  0.000000 |   2440588 |            0.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997 PST    |      2000000 |     2000.000 |  2.000000 |   2450491 |    855624722.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST  |      1400000 |     1400.000 |  1.400000 |   2450491 |    855624721.400000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST  |      1500000 |     1500.000 |  1.500000 |   2450491 |    855624721.500000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST  |      1600000 |     1600.000 |  1.600000 |   2450491 |    855624721.600000
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997 PST    |            0 |        0.000 |  0.000000 |   2450451 |    852192000.000000
+ Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997 PST    |      5000000 |     5000.000 |  5.000000 |   2450451 |    852203045.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997 PDT    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450611 |    865989121.000000
+ Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001 PDT    |     20000000 |    20000.000 | 20.000000 |   2452176 |   1001207960.000000
+ Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451619 |    953136841.000000
+ Wed Mar 15 04:14:02 2000 PST    |      2000000 |     2000.000 |  2.000000 |   2451619 |    953122442.000000
+ Wed Mar 15 02:14:03 2000 PST    |      3000000 |     3000.000 |  3.000000 |   2451619 |    953115243.000000
+ Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000 PST    |      4000000 |     4000.000 |  4.000000 |   2451619 |    953118844.000000
+ Wed Mar 15 01:14:05 2000 PST    |      5000000 |     5000.000 |  5.000000 |   2451619 |    953111645.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997 PST    |            0 |        0.000 |  0.000000 |   2450491 |    855624720.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450490 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450490 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 09:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450490 |    855595921.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 14:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855613921.000000
+ Thu Jul 10 14:32:01 1997 PDT    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450641 |    868570321.000000
+ Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997 PDT    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450611 |    865992721.000000
+ Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855624721.000000
+ Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450492 |    855711121.000000
+ Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450493 |    855797521.000000
+ Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450494 |    855883921.000000
+ Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450495 |    855970321.000000
+ Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450496 |    856056721.000000
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450497 |    856143121.000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST BC |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   1686043 | -65192682479.000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   1756537 | -59102000879.000000
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   1939158 | -43323546479.000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2121779 | -27545092079.000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2340925 |  -8610877679.000000
+ Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2377449 |  -5455204079.000000
+ Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2413973 |  -2299530479.000000
+ Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450497 |    856143121.000000
+ Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2487022 |   4011903121.000000
+ Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450143 |    825557521.000000
+ Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450144 |    825643921.000000
+ Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450145 |    825730321.000000
+ Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450449 |    851995921.000000
+ Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450450 |    852082321.000000
+ Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450451 |    852168721.000000
+ Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450509 |    857179921.000000
+ Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450510 |    857266321.000000
+ Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450814 |    883531921.000000
+ Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450815 |    883618321.000000
+ Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451545 |    946690321.000000
+ Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451546 |    946776721.000000
+ Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451911 |    978312721.000000
+ Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001 PST    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451912 |    978399121.000000
+(66 rows)
+
+-- value near upper bound uses special case in code
+SELECT date_part('epoch', '294270-01-01 00:00:00+00'::timestamptz);
+   date_part   
+---------------
+ 9224097091200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT extract(epoch from '294270-01-01 00:00:00+00'::timestamptz);
+       extract        
+----------------------
+ 9224097091200.000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- another internal overflow test case
+SELECT extract(epoch from '5000-01-01 00:00:00+00'::timestamptz);
+      extract       
+--------------------
+ 95617584000.000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- TO_CHAR()
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'DAY Day day DY Dy dy MONTH Month month RM MON Mon mon')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+                                         to_char                                          
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue JUNE      June      june      VI   JUN Jun jun
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat SEPTEMBER September september IX   SEP Sep sep
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu JULY      July      july      VII  JUL Jul jul
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue JUNE      June      june      VI   JUN Jun jun
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SUNDAY    Sunday    sunday    SUN Sun sun FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SUNDAY    Sunday    sunday    SUN Sun sun FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
+ FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
+ TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
+ SUNDAY    Sunday    sunday    SUN Sun sun DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
+ MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMDAY FMDay FMday FMMONTH FMMonth FMmonth FMRM')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+                           to_char                            
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday DECEMBER December december XII
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday JANUARY January january I
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday JANUARY January january I
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday JUNE June june VI
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday SEPTEMBER September september IX
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday JULY July july VII
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday JUNE June june VI
+ MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
+ FRIDAY Friday friday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SUNDAY Sunday sunday FEBRUARY February february II
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SUNDAY Sunday sunday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday FEBRUARY February february II
+ THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
+ FRIDAY Friday friday MARCH March march III
+ MONDAY Monday monday DECEMBER December december XII
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday DECEMBER December december XII
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday JANUARY January january I
+ FRIDAY Friday friday FEBRUARY February february II
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday MARCH March march III
+ TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday DECEMBER December december XII
+ WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday DECEMBER December december XII
+ FRIDAY Friday friday DECEMBER December december XII
+ SATURDAY Saturday saturday JANUARY January january I
+ SUNDAY Sunday sunday DECEMBER December december XII
+ MONDAY Monday monday JANUARY January january I
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'Y,YYY YYYY YYY YY Y CC Q MM WW DDD DD D J')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+                     to_char                      
+--------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1,969 1969 969 69 9 20 4 12 53 365 31 4 2440587
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 002 02 5 2450451
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 002 02 5 2450451
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 06 23 161 10 3 2450610
+ 2,001 2001 001 01 1 21 3 09 38 265 22 7 2452175
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 3 07 28 191 10 5 2450640
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 06 23 161 10 3 2450610
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 042 11 3 2450491
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 043 12 4 2450492
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 044 13 5 2450493
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 045 14 6 2450494
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 046 15 7 2450495
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 047 16 1 2450496
+ 0,097 0097 097 97 7 -01 1 02 07 047 16 3 1686042
+ 0,097 0097 097 97 7 01 1 02 07 047 16 7 1756536
+ 0,597 0597 597 97 7 06 1 02 07 047 16 5 1939157
+ 1,097 1097 097 97 7 11 1 02 07 047 16 3 2121778
+ 1,697 1697 697 97 7 17 1 02 07 047 16 7 2340924
+ 1,797 1797 797 97 7 18 1 02 07 047 16 5 2377448
+ 1,897 1897 897 97 7 19 1 02 07 047 16 3 2413972
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 047 16 1 2450496
+ 2,097 2097 097 97 7 21 1 02 07 047 16 7 2487021
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 02 09 059 28 4 2450142
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 02 09 060 29 5 2450143
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 03 09 061 01 6 2450144
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 365 30 2 2450448
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 366 31 3 2450449
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 001 01 4 2450450
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 09 059 28 6 2450508
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 03 09 060 01 7 2450509
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 52 364 30 3 2450813
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 53 365 31 4 2450814
+ 1,999 1999 999 99 9 20 4 12 53 365 31 6 2451544
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 01 01 001 01 7 2451545
+ 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 4 12 53 366 31 1 2451910
+ 2,001 2001 001 01 1 21 1 01 01 001 01 2 2451911
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMY,YYY FMYYYY FMYYY FMYY FMY FMCC FMQ FMMM FMWW FMDDD FMDD FMD FMJ')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+                     to_char                     
+-------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1,969 1969 969 69 9 20 4 12 53 365 31 4 2440587
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 2 2 5 2450451
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 2 2 5 2450451
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 6 23 161 10 3 2450610
+ 2,001 2001 1 1 1 21 3 9 38 265 22 7 2452175
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 3 7 28 191 10 5 2450640
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 6 23 161 10 3 2450610
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 42 11 3 2450491
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 43 12 4 2450492
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 44 13 5 2450493
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 45 14 6 2450494
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 46 15 7 2450495
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 47 16 1 2450496
+ 0,097 97 97 97 7 -1 1 2 7 47 16 3 1686042
+ 0,097 97 97 97 7 1 1 2 7 47 16 7 1756536
+ 0,597 597 597 97 7 6 1 2 7 47 16 5 1939157
+ 1,097 1097 97 97 7 11 1 2 7 47 16 3 2121778
+ 1,697 1697 697 97 7 17 1 2 7 47 16 7 2340924
+ 1,797 1797 797 97 7 18 1 2 7 47 16 5 2377448
+ 1,897 1897 897 97 7 19 1 2 7 47 16 3 2413972
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 47 16 1 2450496
+ 2,097 2097 97 97 7 21 1 2 7 47 16 7 2487021
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 2 9 59 28 4 2450142
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 2 9 60 29 5 2450143
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 3 9 61 1 6 2450144
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 365 30 2 2450448
+ 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 366 31 3 2450449
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 1 1 4 2450450
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 9 59 28 6 2450508
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 3 9 60 1 7 2450509
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 52 364 30 3 2450813
+ 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 53 365 31 4 2450814
+ 1,999 1999 999 99 9 20 4 12 53 365 31 6 2451544
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 1 1 1 1 7 2451545
+ 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 4 12 53 366 31 1 2451910
+ 2,001 2001 1 1 1 21 1 1 1 1 1 2 2451911
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH HH12 HH24 MI SS SSSS')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+       to_char        
+----------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 04 04 16 00 00 57600
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 02 63122
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 12 12 00 00 00 0
+ 03 03 03 04 05 11045
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 06 06 18 19 20 65960
+ 08 08 08 14 01 29641
+ 04 04 04 14 02 15242
+ 02 02 02 14 03 8043
+ 03 03 03 14 04 11644
+ 01 01 01 14 05 4445
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 00 63120
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 09 09 09 32 01 34321
+ 09 09 09 32 01 34321
+ 09 09 09 32 01 34321
+ 02 02 14 32 01 52321
+ 02 02 14 32 01 52321
+ 06 06 18 32 01 66721
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+ 05 05 17 32 01 63121
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, E'"HH:MI:SS is" HH:MI:SS "\\"text between quote marks\\""')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+                     to_char                     
+-------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ HH:MI:SS is 04:00:00 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:02 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 12:00:00 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 03:04:05 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 06:19:20 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 08:14:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 04:14:02 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 02:14:03 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 03:14:04 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 01:14:05 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:00 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 09:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 09:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 09:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 02:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 02:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 06:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+ HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH24--text--MI--text--SS')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+        to_char         
+------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 16--text--00--text--00
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--02
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 00--text--00--text--00
+ 03--text--04--text--05
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 18--text--19--text--20
+ 08--text--14--text--01
+ 04--text--14--text--02
+ 02--text--14--text--03
+ 03--text--14--text--04
+ 01--text--14--text--05
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--00
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 09--text--32--text--01
+ 09--text--32--text--01
+ 09--text--32--text--01
+ 14--text--32--text--01
+ 14--text--32--text--01
+ 18--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+ 17--text--32--text--01
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYYTH YYYYth Jth')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+         to_char         
+-------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1969TH 1969th 2440587th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450451st
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450451st
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450610th
+ 2001ST 2001st 2452175th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450640th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450610th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450491st
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450492nd
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450493rd
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450494th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450495th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450496th
+ 0097TH 0097th 1686042nd
+ 0097TH 0097th 1756536th
+ 0597TH 0597th 1939157th
+ 1097TH 1097th 2121778th
+ 1697TH 1697th 2340924th
+ 1797TH 1797th 2377448th
+ 1897TH 1897th 2413972nd
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450496th
+ 2097TH 2097th 2487021st
+ 1996TH 1996th 2450142nd
+ 1996TH 1996th 2450143rd
+ 1996TH 1996th 2450144th
+ 1996TH 1996th 2450448th
+ 1996TH 1996th 2450449th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450450th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450508th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450509th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450813th
+ 1997TH 1997th 2450814th
+ 1999TH 1999th 2451544th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451545th
+ 2000TH 2000th 2451910th
+ 2001ST 2001st 2451911th
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYY A.D. YYYY a.d. YYYY bc HH:MI:SS P.M. HH:MI:SS p.m. HH:MI:SS pm')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+                               to_char                               
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1969 A.D. 1969 a.d. 1969 ad 04:00:00 P.M. 04:00:00 p.m. 04:00:00 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:02 P.M. 05:32:02 p.m. 05:32:02 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 12:00:00 A.M. 12:00:00 a.m. 12:00:00 am
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 03:04:05 A.M. 03:04:05 a.m. 03:04:05 am
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 2001 A.D. 2001 a.d. 2001 ad 06:19:20 P.M. 06:19:20 p.m. 06:19:20 pm
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 08:14:01 A.M. 08:14:01 a.m. 08:14:01 am
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 04:14:02 A.M. 04:14:02 a.m. 04:14:02 am
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 02:14:03 A.M. 02:14:03 a.m. 02:14:03 am
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 03:14:04 A.M. 03:14:04 a.m. 03:14:04 am
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 01:14:05 A.M. 01:14:05 a.m. 01:14:05 am
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:00 P.M. 05:32:00 p.m. 05:32:00 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 09:32:01 A.M. 09:32:01 a.m. 09:32:01 am
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 09:32:01 A.M. 09:32:01 a.m. 09:32:01 am
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 09:32:01 A.M. 09:32:01 a.m. 09:32:01 am
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 02:32:01 P.M. 02:32:01 p.m. 02:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 02:32:01 P.M. 02:32:01 p.m. 02:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 06:32:01 P.M. 06:32:01 p.m. 06:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 0097 B.C. 0097 b.c. 0097 bc 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 0097 A.D. 0097 a.d. 0097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 0597 A.D. 0597 a.d. 0597 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1097 A.D. 1097 a.d. 1097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1697 A.D. 1697 a.d. 1697 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1797 A.D. 1797 a.d. 1797 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1897 A.D. 1897 a.d. 1897 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 2097 A.D. 2097 a.d. 2097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 1999 A.D. 1999 a.d. 1999 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+ 2001 A.D. 2001 a.d. 2001 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'IYYY IYY IY I IW IDDD ID')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+        to_char         
+------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1970 970 70 0 01 003 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 01 004 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 01 004 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
+ 2001 001 01 1 38 265 6
+ 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
+ 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
+ 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
+ 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
+ 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 28 193 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 044 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 045 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 046 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 047 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 048 6
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 049 7
+ 0097 097 97 7 07 044 2
+ 0097 097 97 7 07 048 6
+ 0597 597 97 7 07 046 4
+ 1097 097 97 7 07 044 2
+ 1697 697 97 7 07 048 6
+ 1797 797 97 7 07 046 4
+ 1897 897 97 7 07 044 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 07 049 7
+ 2097 097 97 7 07 048 6
+ 1996 996 96 6 09 059 3
+ 1996 996 96 6 09 060 4
+ 1996 996 96 6 09 061 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 01 001 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 01 002 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 01 003 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 09 061 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 09 062 6
+ 1998 998 98 8 01 002 2
+ 1998 998 98 8 01 003 3
+ 1999 999 99 9 52 362 5
+ 1999 999 99 9 52 363 6
+ 2000 000 00 0 52 364 7
+ 2001 001 01 1 01 001 1
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMIYYY FMIYY FMIY FMI FMIW FMIDDD FMID')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+        to_char         
+------------------------
+ 
+ 
+ 1970 970 70 0 1 3 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 1 4 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 1 4 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
+ 2001 1 1 1 38 265 6
+ 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
+ 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
+ 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
+ 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
+ 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 28 193 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 44 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 45 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 46 4
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 47 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 48 6
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 49 7
+ 97 97 97 7 7 44 2
+ 97 97 97 7 7 48 6
+ 597 597 97 7 7 46 4
+ 1097 97 97 7 7 44 2
+ 1697 697 97 7 7 48 6
+ 1797 797 97 7 7 46 4
+ 1897 897 97 7 7 44 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 7 49 7
+ 2097 97 97 7 7 48 6
+ 1996 996 96 6 9 59 3
+ 1996 996 96 6 9 60 4
+ 1996 996 96 6 9 61 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 1 1 1
+ 1997 997 97 7 1 2 2
+ 1997 997 97 7 1 3 3
+ 1997 997 97 7 9 61 5
+ 1997 997 97 7 9 62 6
+ 1998 998 98 8 1 2 2
+ 1998 998 98 8 1 3 3
+ 1999 999 99 9 52 362 5
+ 1999 999 99 9 52 363 6
+ 2000 0 0 0 52 364 7
+ 2001 1 1 1 1 1 1
+(66 rows)
+
+SELECT to_char(d, 'FF1 FF2 FF3 FF4 FF5 FF6  ff1 ff2 ff3 ff4 ff5 ff6  MS US')
+   FROM (VALUES
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56'::timestamptz),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78'),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901'),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901234')
+   ) d(d);
+                              to_char                               
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 0 00 000 0000 00000 000000  0 00 000 0000 00000 000000  000 000000
+ 7 78 780 7800 78000 780000  7 78 780 7800 78000 780000  780 780000
+ 7 78 789 7890 78901 789010  7 78 789 7890 78901 789010  789 789010
+ 7 78 789 7890 78901 789012  7 78 789 7890 78901 789012  789 789012
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Check OF, TZH, TZM with various zone offsets, particularly fractional hours
+SET timezone = '00:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+ OF  | TZH:TZM 
+-----+---------
+ +00 | +00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '+02:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+ OF  | TZH:TZM 
+-----+---------
+ -02 | -02:00
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '-13:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+ OF  | TZH:TZM 
+-----+---------
+ +13 | +13:00
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '-00:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+   OF   | TZH:TZM 
+--------+---------
+ +00:30 | +00:30
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '00:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+   OF   | TZH:TZM 
+--------+---------
+ -00:30 | -00:30
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '-04:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+   OF   | TZH:TZM 
+--------+---------
+ +04:30 | +04:30
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '04:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+   OF   | TZH:TZM 
+--------+---------
+ -04:30 | -04:30
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '-04:15';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+   OF   | TZH:TZM 
+--------+---------
+ +04:15 | +04:15
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '04:15';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+   OF   | TZH:TZM 
+--------+---------
+ -04:15 | -04:15
+(1 row)
+
+RESET timezone;
+-- Check of, tzh, tzm with various zone offsets.
+SET timezone = '00:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "Of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+ Of  | tzh:tzm 
+-----+---------
+ +00 | +00:00
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '+02:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+ of  | tzh:tzm 
+-----+---------
+ -02 | -02:00
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '-13:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+ of  | tzh:tzm 
+-----+---------
+ +13 | +13:00
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '-00:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+   of   | tzh:tzm 
+--------+---------
+ +00:30 | +00:30
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '00:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+   of   | tzh:tzm 
+--------+---------
+ -00:30 | -00:30
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '-04:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+   of   | tzh:tzm 
+--------+---------
+ +04:30 | +04:30
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '04:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+   of   | tzh:tzm 
+--------+---------
+ -04:30 | -04:30
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '-04:15';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+   of   | tzh:tzm 
+--------+---------
+ +04:15 | +04:15
+(1 row)
+
+SET timezone = '04:15';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+   of   | tzh:tzm 
+--------+---------
+ -04:15 | -04:15
+(1 row)
+
+RESET timezone;
+CREATE TABLE TIMESTAMPTZ_TST (a int , b timestamptz);
+-- Test year field value with len > 4
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(1, 'Sat Mar 12 23:58:48 1000 IST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(2, 'Sat Mar 12 23:58:48 10000 IST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(3, 'Sat Mar 12 23:58:48 100000 IST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(3, '10000 Mar 12 23:58:48 IST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(4, '100000312 23:58:48 IST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(4, '1000000312 23:58:48 IST');
+--Verify data
+SELECT * FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TST ORDER BY a;
+ a |               b                
+---+--------------------------------
+ 1 | Wed Mar 12 13:58:48 1000 PST
+ 2 | Sun Mar 12 14:58:48 10000 PDT
+ 3 | Sun Mar 12 14:58:48 100000 PDT
+ 3 | Sun Mar 12 14:58:48 10000 PDT
+ 4 | Sun Mar 12 14:58:48 10000 PDT
+ 4 | Sun Mar 12 14:58:48 100000 PDT
+(6 rows)
+
+--Cleanup
+DROP TABLE TIMESTAMPTZ_TST;
+-- test timestamptz constructors
+set TimeZone to 'America/New_York';
+-- numeric timezone
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1973, 07, 15, 08, 15, 55.33);
+        make_timestamptz         
+---------------------------------
+ Sun Jul 15 08:15:55.33 1973 EDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1973, 07, 15, 08, 15, 55.33, '+2');
+        make_timestamptz         
+---------------------------------
+ Sun Jul 15 02:15:55.33 1973 EDT
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1973, 07, 15, 08, 15, 55.33, '-2');
+        make_timestamptz         
+---------------------------------
+ Sun Jul 15 06:15:55.33 1973 EDT
+(1 row)
+
+WITH tzs (tz) AS (VALUES
+    ('+1'), ('+1:'), ('+1:0'), ('+100'), ('+1:00'), ('+01:00'),
+    ('+10'), ('+1000'), ('+10:'), ('+10:0'), ('+10:00'), ('+10:00:'),
+    ('+10:00:1'), ('+10:00:01'),
+    ('+10:00:10'))
+     SELECT make_timestamptz(2010, 2, 27, 3, 45, 00, tz), tz FROM tzs;
+       make_timestamptz       |    tz     
+------------------------------+-----------
+ Fri Feb 26 21:45:00 2010 EST | +1
+ Fri Feb 26 21:45:00 2010 EST | +1:
+ Fri Feb 26 21:45:00 2010 EST | +1:0
+ Fri Feb 26 21:45:00 2010 EST | +100
+ Fri Feb 26 21:45:00 2010 EST | +1:00
+ Fri Feb 26 21:45:00 2010 EST | +01:00
+ Fri Feb 26 12:45:00 2010 EST | +10
+ Fri Feb 26 12:45:00 2010 EST | +1000
+ Fri Feb 26 12:45:00 2010 EST | +10:
+ Fri Feb 26 12:45:00 2010 EST | +10:0
+ Fri Feb 26 12:45:00 2010 EST | +10:00
+ Fri Feb 26 12:45:00 2010 EST | +10:00:
+ Fri Feb 26 12:44:59 2010 EST | +10:00:1
+ Fri Feb 26 12:44:59 2010 EST | +10:00:01
+ Fri Feb 26 12:44:50 2010 EST | +10:00:10
+(15 rows)
+
+-- these should fail
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1973, 07, 15, 08, 15, 55.33, '2');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type numeric time zone: "2"
+HINT:  Numeric time zones must have "-" or "+" as first character.
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, '+16');
+ERROR:  numeric time zone "+16" out of range
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, '-16');
+ERROR:  numeric time zone "-16" out of range
+-- should be true
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1973, 07, 15, 08, 15, 55.33, '+2') = '1973-07-15 08:15:55.33+02'::timestamptz;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- full timezone names
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 12, 10, 0, 0, 0, 'Europe/Prague') = timestamptz '2014-12-10 00:00:00 Europe/Prague';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 12, 10, 0, 0, 0, 'Europe/Prague') AT TIME ZONE 'UTC';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Tue Dec 09 23:00:00 2014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1846, 12, 10, 0, 0, 0, 'Asia/Manila') AT TIME ZONE 'UTC';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Wed Dec 09 15:56:00 1846
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1881, 12, 10, 0, 0, 0, 'Europe/Paris') AT TIME ZONE 'UTC';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Fri Dec 09 23:50:39 1881
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1910, 12, 24, 0, 0, 0, 'Nehwon/Lankhmar');
+ERROR:  time zone "Nehwon/Lankhmar" not recognized
+-- abbreviations
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2008, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, 'EST');
+       make_timestamptz       
+------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 10 10:10:10 2008 EST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2008, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, 'EDT');
+       make_timestamptz       
+------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 10 09:10:10 2008 EST
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, 'PST8PDT');
+       make_timestamptz       
+------------------------------
+ Wed Dec 10 13:10:10 2014 EST
+(1 row)
+
+RESET TimeZone;
+-- generate_series for timestamptz
+select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamptz,
+                              '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamptz,
+                              '1 hour'::interval);
+       generate_series        
+------------------------------
+ Wed Jan 01 00:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 01:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 02:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 03:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 04:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 05:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 06:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 07:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 08:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 09:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 10:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 11:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 12:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 13:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 14:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 15:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 16:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 17:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 18:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 19:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 20:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 21:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 22:00:00 2020 PST
+ Wed Jan 01 23:00:00 2020 PST
+ Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2020 PST
+ Thu Jan 02 01:00:00 2020 PST
+ Thu Jan 02 02:00:00 2020 PST
+ Thu Jan 02 03:00:00 2020 PST
+(28 rows)
+
+-- the LIMIT should allow this to terminate in a reasonable amount of time
+-- (but that unfortunately doesn't work yet for SELECT * FROM ...)
+select generate_series('2022-01-01 00:00'::timestamptz,
+                       'infinity'::timestamptz,
+                       '1 month'::interval) limit 10;
+       generate_series        
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 2022 PST
+ Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 2022 PST
+ Tue Mar 01 00:00:00 2022 PST
+ Fri Apr 01 00:00:00 2022 PDT
+ Sun May 01 00:00:00 2022 PDT
+ Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 2022 PDT
+ Fri Jul 01 00:00:00 2022 PDT
+ Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 2022 PDT
+ Thu Sep 01 00:00:00 2022 PDT
+ Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 2022 PDT
+(10 rows)
+
+-- errors
+select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamptz,
+                              '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamptz,
+                              '0 hour'::interval);
+ERROR:  step size cannot equal zero
+--
+-- Test behavior with a dynamic (time-varying) timezone abbreviation.
+-- These tests rely on the knowledge that MSK (Europe/Moscow standard time)
+-- moved forwards in Mar 2011 and backwards again in Oct 2014.
+--
+SET TimeZone to 'UTC';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 21:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:59:59 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:59:59 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:01 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:01 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:59:59 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:59:59 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:01 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:01 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 04:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 00:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 21:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:59:59 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:59:59 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:01 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:00:01 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:59:59 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:59:59 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:01 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:01 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 04:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 00:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 20:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:59:59 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 20:59:59 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 22:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:01 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 22:00:01 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 02:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 23:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 20:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:59:59 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 20:59:59 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 22:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:01 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 22:00:01 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 02:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 23:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 21:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:59:59 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:01 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:59:59 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:01 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 04:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 00:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 21:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:59:59 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:00:01 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 22:59:59 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Mar 26 23:00:01 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 04:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 00:00:00 2011 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 20:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 20:59:59 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 22:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 22:00:01 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 02:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 23:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 20:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 20:59:59 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 22:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 22:00:01 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 02:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+           timezone           
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 23:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 10, 26, 0, 0, 0, 'MSK');
+       make_timestamptz       
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 20:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 10, 26, 1, 0, 0, 'MSK');
+       make_timestamptz       
+------------------------------
+ Sat Oct 25 22:00:00 2014 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp(         0);          -- 1970-01-01 00:00:00+00
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp( 946684800);          -- 2000-01-01 00:00:00+00
+         to_timestamp         
+------------------------------
+ Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 2000 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp(1262349296.7890123);  -- 2010-01-01 12:34:56.789012+00
+            to_timestamp             
+-------------------------------------
+ Fri Jan 01 12:34:56.789012 2010 UTC
+(1 row)
+
+-- edge cases
+SELECT to_timestamp(-210866803200);       --   4714-11-24 00:00:00+00 BC
+          to_timestamp           
+---------------------------------
+ Mon Nov 24 00:00:00 4714 UTC BC
+(1 row)
+
+-- upper limit varies between integer and float timestamps, so hard to test
+-- nonfinite values
+SELECT to_timestamp(' Infinity'::float);
+ to_timestamp 
+--------------
+ infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('-Infinity'::float);
+ to_timestamp 
+--------------
+ -infinity
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('NaN'::float);
+ERROR:  timestamp cannot be NaN
+SET TimeZone to 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-26 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 00:00:00 2011 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 01:00:00 2011 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 01:59:59 2011 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 03:00:00 2011 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 03:00:01 2011 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 03:59:59 2011 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 04:00:00 2011 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:00:00 2014 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:59:59 2014 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:00:00 2014 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:00:01 2014 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+         timestamptz          
+------------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 02:00:00 2014 MSK
+(1 row)
+
+RESET TimeZone;
+SELECT '2011-03-26 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 00:00:00 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 01:00:00 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 01:59:59 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 03:00:00 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 03:00:01 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 03:59:59 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 04:00:00 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:00:00 2014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:59:59 2014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:00:00 2014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:00:01 2014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 02:00:00 2014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 00:00:00 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 01:00:00 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 01:59:59 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 03:00:00 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 03:00:01 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 03:59:59 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Mar 27 04:00:00 2011
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:00:00 2014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:59:59 2014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:00:00 2014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 01:00:01 2014
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+         timezone         
+--------------------------
+ Sun Oct 26 02:00:00 2014
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test that AT TIME ZONE isn't misoptimized when using an index (bug #14504)
+--
+create temp table tmptz (f1 timestamptz primary key);
+insert into tmptz values ('2017-01-18 00:00+00');
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tmptz where f1 at time zone 'utc' = '2017-01-18 00:00';
+                                             QUERY PLAN                                              
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on tmptz
+   Filter: ((f1 AT TIME ZONE 'utc'::text) = 'Wed Jan 18 00:00:00 2017'::timestamp without time zone)
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from tmptz where f1 at time zone 'utc' = '2017-01-18 00:00';
+              f1              
+------------------------------
+ Tue Jan 17 16:00:00 2017 PST
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/timetz.out b/src/test/regress/expected/timetz.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a9ec54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/timetz.out
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+--
+-- TIMETZ
+--
+CREATE TABLE TIMETZ_TBL (f1 time(2) with time zone);
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('00:01 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('01:00 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('02:03 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('07:07 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('08:08 EDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('11:59 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('12:00 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('12:01 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('23:59 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('11:59:59.99 PM PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('2003-03-07 15:36:39 America/New_York');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('2003-07-07 15:36:39 America/New_York');
+-- this should fail (the timezone offset is not known)
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 America/New_York');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type time with time zone: "15:36:39 America/New_York"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 America/New_York');
+                                       ^
+-- this should fail (timezone not specified without a date)
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 m2');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type time with time zone: "15:36:39 m2"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 m2');
+                                       ^
+-- this should fail (dynamic timezone abbreviation without a date)
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 MSK m2');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type time with time zone: "15:36:39 MSK m2"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 MSK m2');
+                                       ^
+SELECT f1 AS "Time TZ" FROM TIMETZ_TBL;
+    Time TZ     
+----------------
+ 00:01:00-07
+ 01:00:00-07
+ 02:03:00-07
+ 07:07:00-08
+ 08:08:00-04
+ 11:59:00-07
+ 12:00:00-07
+ 12:01:00-07
+ 23:59:00-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07
+ 15:36:39-05
+ 15:36:39-04
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Three" FROM TIMETZ_TBL WHERE f1 < '05:06:07-07';
+    Three    
+-------------
+ 00:01:00-07
+ 01:00:00-07
+ 02:03:00-07
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Seven" FROM TIMETZ_TBL WHERE f1 > '05:06:07-07';
+     Seven      
+----------------
+ 07:07:00-08
+ 08:08:00-04
+ 11:59:00-07
+ 12:00:00-07
+ 12:01:00-07
+ 23:59:00-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07
+ 15:36:39-05
+ 15:36:39-04
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "None" FROM TIMETZ_TBL WHERE f1 < '00:00-07';
+ None 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Ten" FROM TIMETZ_TBL WHERE f1 >= '00:00-07';
+      Ten       
+----------------
+ 00:01:00-07
+ 01:00:00-07
+ 02:03:00-07
+ 07:07:00-08
+ 08:08:00-04
+ 11:59:00-07
+ 12:00:00-07
+ 12:01:00-07
+ 23:59:00-07
+ 23:59:59.99-07
+ 15:36:39-05
+ 15:36:39-04
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Check edge cases
+SELECT '23:59:59.999999 PDT'::timetz;
+       timetz       
+--------------------
+ 23:59:59.999999-07
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '23:59:59.9999999 PDT'::timetz;  -- rounds up
+   timetz    
+-------------
+ 24:00:00-07
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '23:59:60 PDT'::timetz;  -- rounds up
+   timetz    
+-------------
+ 24:00:00-07
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '24:00:00 PDT'::timetz;  -- allowed
+   timetz    
+-------------
+ 24:00:00-07
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '24:00:00.01 PDT'::timetz;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "24:00:00.01 PDT"
+LINE 1: SELECT '24:00:00.01 PDT'::timetz;
+               ^
+SELECT '23:59:60.01 PDT'::timetz;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "23:59:60.01 PDT"
+LINE 1: SELECT '23:59:60.01 PDT'::timetz;
+               ^
+SELECT '24:01:00 PDT'::timetz;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "24:01:00 PDT"
+LINE 1: SELECT '24:01:00 PDT'::timetz;
+               ^
+SELECT '25:00:00 PDT'::timetz;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "25:00:00 PDT"
+LINE 1: SELECT '25:00:00 PDT'::timetz;
+               ^
+--
+-- TIME simple math
+--
+-- We now make a distinction between time and intervals,
+-- and adding two times together makes no sense at all.
+-- Leave in one query to show that it is rejected,
+-- and do the rest of the testing in horology.sql
+-- where we do mixed-type arithmetic. - thomas 2000-12-02
+SELECT f1 + time with time zone '00:01' AS "Illegal" FROM TIMETZ_TBL;
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: time with time zone + time with time zone
+LINE 1: SELECT f1 + time with time zone '00:01' AS "Illegal" FROM TI...
+                  ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+--
+-- test EXTRACT
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(MICROSECOND FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+ extract  
+----------
+ 25575401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLISECOND FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+  extract  
+-----------
+ 25575.401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(SECOND      FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+  extract  
+-----------
+ 25.575401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(MINUTE      FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+ extract 
+---------
+      30
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR        FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+ extract 
+---------
+      13
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY         FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');  -- error
+ERROR:  unit "day" not supported for type time with time zone
+SELECT EXTRACT(FORTNIGHT   FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');  -- error
+ERROR:  unit "fortnight" not recognized for type time with time zone
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE    FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04:30');
+ extract 
+---------
+  -16200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_HOUR   FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04:30');
+ extract 
+---------
+      -4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_MINUTE FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04:30');
+ extract 
+---------
+     -30
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH       FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+   extract    
+--------------
+ 63025.575401
+(1 row)
+
+-- date_part implementation is mostly the same as extract, so only
+-- test a few cases for additional coverage.
+SELECT date_part('microsecond', TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+ date_part 
+-----------
+  25575401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date_part('millisecond', TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+ date_part 
+-----------
+ 25575.401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date_part('second',      TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+ date_part 
+-----------
+ 25.575401
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT date_part('epoch',       TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+  date_part   
+--------------
+ 63025.575401
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test timetz_zone, timetz_izone
+--
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL TimeZone TO 'UTC';
+CREATE VIEW timetz_local_view AS
+  SELECT f1 AS dat,
+       f1 AT TIME ZONE current_setting('TimeZone') AS dat_at_tz,
+       f1 AT TIME ZONE INTERVAL '00:00' AS dat_at_int
+  FROM TIMETZ_TBL
+  ORDER BY f1;
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('timetz_local_view', true);
+                                  pg_get_viewdef                                  
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT timetz_tbl.f1 AS dat,                                                   +
+     (timetz_tbl.f1 AT TIME ZONE current_setting('TimeZone'::text)) AS dat_at_tz,+
+     (timetz_tbl.f1 AT TIME ZONE '@ 0'::interval) AS dat_at_int                  +
+    FROM timetz_tbl                                                              +
+   ORDER BY timetz_tbl.f1;
+(1 row)
+
+TABLE timetz_local_view;
+      dat       |   dat_at_tz    |   dat_at_int   
+----------------+----------------+----------------
+ 00:01:00-07    | 07:01:00+00    | 07:01:00+00
+ 01:00:00-07    | 08:00:00+00    | 08:00:00+00
+ 02:03:00-07    | 09:03:00+00    | 09:03:00+00
+ 08:08:00-04    | 12:08:00+00    | 12:08:00+00
+ 07:07:00-08    | 15:07:00+00    | 15:07:00+00
+ 11:59:00-07    | 18:59:00+00    | 18:59:00+00
+ 12:00:00-07    | 19:00:00+00    | 19:00:00+00
+ 12:01:00-07    | 19:01:00+00    | 19:01:00+00
+ 15:36:39-04    | 19:36:39+00    | 19:36:39+00
+ 15:36:39-05    | 20:36:39+00    | 20:36:39+00
+ 23:59:00-07    | 06:59:00+00    | 06:59:00+00
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | 06:59:59.99+00 | 06:59:59.99+00
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS dat,
+       f1 AT TIME ZONE 'UTC+10' AS dat_at_tz,
+       f1 AT TIME ZONE INTERVAL '-10:00' AS dat_at_int
+  FROM TIMETZ_TBL
+  ORDER BY f1;
+      dat       |   dat_at_tz    |   dat_at_int   
+----------------+----------------+----------------
+ 00:01:00-07    | 21:01:00-10    | 21:01:00-10
+ 01:00:00-07    | 22:00:00-10    | 22:00:00-10
+ 02:03:00-07    | 23:03:00-10    | 23:03:00-10
+ 08:08:00-04    | 02:08:00-10    | 02:08:00-10
+ 07:07:00-08    | 05:07:00-10    | 05:07:00-10
+ 11:59:00-07    | 08:59:00-10    | 08:59:00-10
+ 12:00:00-07    | 09:00:00-10    | 09:00:00-10
+ 12:01:00-07    | 09:01:00-10    | 09:01:00-10
+ 15:36:39-04    | 09:36:39-10    | 09:36:39-10
+ 15:36:39-05    | 10:36:39-10    | 10:36:39-10
+ 23:59:00-07    | 20:59:00-10    | 20:59:00-10
+ 23:59:59.99-07 | 20:59:59.99-10 | 20:59:59.99-10
+(12 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/transactions.out b/src/test/regress/expected/transactions.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d80a048
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/transactions.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1164 @@
+--
+-- TRANSACTIONS
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE xacttest (a smallint, b real);
+INSERT INTO xacttest VALUES
+  (56, 7.8),
+  (100, 99.097),
+  (0, 0.09561),
+  (42, 324.78);
+INSERT INTO xacttest (a, b) VALUES (777, 777.777);
+END;
+-- should retrieve one value--
+SELECT a FROM xacttest WHERE a > 100;
+  a  
+-----
+ 777
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE disappear (a int4);
+DELETE FROM xacttest;
+-- should be empty
+SELECT * FROM xacttest;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+ABORT;
+-- should not exist
+SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'disappear';
+ oid 
+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- should have members again
+SELECT * FROM xacttest;
+  a  |    b    
+-----+---------
+  56 |     7.8
+ 100 |  99.097
+   0 | 0.09561
+  42 |  324.78
+ 777 | 777.777
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Read-only tests
+CREATE TABLE writetest (a int);
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temptest (a int);
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE, READ ONLY, DEFERRABLE; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
+ERROR:  transaction read-write mode must be set before any query
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SAVEPOINT x;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
+ERROR:  cannot set transaction read-write mode inside a read-only transaction
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
+SAVEPOINT x;
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
+ERROR:  cannot set transaction read-write mode inside a read-only transaction
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
+SAVEPOINT x;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT x;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;  -- off
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT y;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT y;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;  -- off
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+DROP TABLE writetest; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot execute DROP TABLE in a read-only transaction
+INSERT INTO writetest VALUES (1); -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot execute INSERT in a read-only transaction
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM temptest; -- ok
+UPDATE temptest SET a = 0 FROM writetest WHERE temptest.a = 1 AND writetest.a = temptest.a; -- ok
+PREPARE test AS UPDATE writetest SET a = 0; -- ok
+EXECUTE test; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot execute UPDATE in a read-only transaction
+SELECT * FROM writetest, temptest; -- ok
+ a | a 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE test AS SELECT * FROM writetest; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot execute CREATE TABLE AS in a read-only transaction
+START TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
+DROP TABLE writetest; -- ok
+COMMIT;
+-- Subtransactions, basic tests
+-- create & drop tables
+SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
+CREATE TABLE trans_foobar (a int);
+BEGIN;
+	CREATE TABLE trans_foo (a int);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		DROP TABLE trans_foo;
+		CREATE TABLE trans_bar (a int);
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	SAVEPOINT two;
+		CREATE TABLE trans_baz (a int);
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT two;
+	drop TABLE trans_foobar;
+	CREATE TABLE trans_barbaz (a int);
+COMMIT;
+-- should exist: trans_barbaz, trans_baz, trans_foo
+SELECT * FROM trans_foo;		-- should be empty
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trans_bar;		-- shouldn't exist
+ERROR:  relation "trans_bar" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM trans_bar;
+                      ^
+SELECT * FROM trans_barbaz;	-- should be empty
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trans_baz;		-- should be empty
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- inserts
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO trans_foo VALUES (1);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT into trans_bar VALUES (1);
+ERROR:  relation "trans_bar" does not exist
+LINE 1: INSERT into trans_bar VALUES (1);
+                    ^
+	ROLLBACK TO one;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	SAVEPOINT two;
+		INSERT into trans_barbaz VALUES (1);
+	RELEASE two;
+	SAVEPOINT three;
+		SAVEPOINT four;
+			INSERT INTO trans_foo VALUES (2);
+		RELEASE SAVEPOINT four;
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT three;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT three;
+	INSERT INTO trans_foo VALUES (3);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM trans_foo;		-- should have 1 and 3
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trans_barbaz;	-- should have 1
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- test whole-tree commit
+BEGIN;
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		SELECT trans_foo;
+ERROR:  column "trans_foo" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT trans_foo;
+               ^
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	SAVEPOINT two;
+		CREATE TABLE savepoints (a int);
+		SAVEPOINT three;
+			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (1);
+			SAVEPOINT four;
+				INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (2);
+				SAVEPOINT five;
+					INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (3);
+				ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT five;
+COMMIT;
+COMMIT;		-- should not be in a transaction block
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+SELECT * FROM savepoints;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test whole-tree rollback
+BEGIN;
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=1;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	SAVEPOINT two;
+		DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=1;
+		SAVEPOINT three;
+			DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=2;
+ROLLBACK;
+COMMIT;		-- should not be in a transaction block
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+SELECT * FROM savepoints;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test whole-tree commit on an aborted subtransaction
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (4);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (5);
+		SELECT trans_foo;
+ERROR:  column "trans_foo" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT trans_foo;
+               ^
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM savepoints;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+(2 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (6);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (7);
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (8);
+COMMIT;
+-- rows 6 and 8 should have been created by the same xact
+SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=6 AND b.a=8;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- rows 6 and 7 should have been created by different xacts
+SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=6 AND b.a=7;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (9);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (10);
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (11);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a in (9, 10, 11);
+ a  
+----
+  9
+ 11
+(2 rows)
+
+-- rows 9 and 11 should have been created by different xacts
+SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=9 AND b.a=11;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (12);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (13);
+		SAVEPOINT two;
+			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (14);
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (15);
+		SAVEPOINT two;
+			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (16);
+			SAVEPOINT three;
+				INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (17);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a BETWEEN 12 AND 17;
+ a  
+----
+ 12
+ 15
+ 16
+ 17
+(4 rows)
+
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (18);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (19);
+		SAVEPOINT two;
+			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (20);
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (21);
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (22);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a BETWEEN 18 AND 22;
+ a  
+----
+ 18
+ 22
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE savepoints;
+-- only in a transaction block:
+SAVEPOINT one;
+ERROR:  SAVEPOINT can only be used in transaction blocks
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+ERROR:  ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT can only be used in transaction blocks
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+ERROR:  RELEASE SAVEPOINT can only be used in transaction blocks
+-- Only "rollback to" allowed in aborted state
+BEGIN;
+  SAVEPOINT one;
+  SELECT 0/0;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+  SAVEPOINT two;    -- ignored till the end of ...
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+  RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;      -- ignored till the end of ...
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+  ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+  SELECT 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT 1;			-- this should work
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+-- check non-transactional behavior of cursors
+BEGIN;
+	DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT unique2 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		FETCH 10 FROM c;
+ unique2 
+---------
+       0
+       1
+       2
+       3
+       4
+       5
+       6
+       7
+       8
+       9
+(10 rows)
+
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+		FETCH 10 FROM c;
+ unique2 
+---------
+      10
+      11
+      12
+      13
+      14
+      15
+      16
+      17
+      18
+      19
+(10 rows)
+
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	FETCH 10 FROM c;
+ unique2 
+---------
+      20
+      21
+      22
+      23
+      24
+      25
+      26
+      27
+      28
+      29
+(10 rows)
+
+	CLOSE c;
+	DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT unique2/0 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+	SAVEPOINT two;
+		FETCH 10 FROM c;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT two;
+	-- c is now dead to the world ...
+		FETCH 10 FROM c;
+ERROR:  portal "c" cannot be run
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT two;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT two;
+	FETCH 10 FROM c;
+ERROR:  portal "c" cannot be run
+COMMIT;
+--
+-- Check that "stable" functions are really stable.  They should not be
+-- able to see the partial results of the calling query.  (Ideally we would
+-- also check that they don't see commits of concurrent transactions, but
+-- that's a mite hard to do within the limitations of pg_regress.)
+--
+select * from xacttest;
+  a  |    b    
+-----+---------
+  56 |     7.8
+ 100 |  99.097
+   0 | 0.09561
+  42 |  324.78
+ 777 | 777.777
+(5 rows)
+
+create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language sql as
+'select max(a) from xacttest' stable;
+begin;
+update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
+select * from xacttest;
+  a  |    b    
+-----+---------
+   0 | 0.09561
+ 787 |     7.8
+ 787 |  99.097
+ 787 |  324.78
+ 787 | 777.777
+(5 rows)
+
+rollback;
+-- But a volatile function can see the partial results of the calling query
+create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language sql as
+'select max(a) from xacttest' volatile;
+begin;
+update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
+select * from xacttest;
+  a  |    b    
+-----+---------
+   0 | 0.09561
+ 787 |     7.8
+ 797 |  99.097
+ 807 |  324.78
+ 817 | 777.777
+(5 rows)
+
+rollback;
+-- Now the same test with plpgsql (since it depends on SPI which is different)
+create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language plpgsql as
+'begin return max(a) from xacttest; end' stable;
+begin;
+update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
+select * from xacttest;
+  a  |    b    
+-----+---------
+   0 | 0.09561
+ 787 |     7.8
+ 787 |  99.097
+ 787 |  324.78
+ 787 | 777.777
+(5 rows)
+
+rollback;
+create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language plpgsql as
+'begin return max(a) from xacttest; end' volatile;
+begin;
+update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
+select * from xacttest;
+  a  |    b    
+-----+---------
+   0 | 0.09561
+ 787 |     7.8
+ 797 |  99.097
+ 807 |  324.78
+ 817 | 777.777
+(5 rows)
+
+rollback;
+-- test case for problems with dropping an open relation during abort
+BEGIN;
+	savepoint x;
+		CREATE TABLE koju (a INT UNIQUE);
+		INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
+		INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "koju_a_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) already exists.
+	rollback to x;
+	CREATE TABLE koju (a INT UNIQUE);
+	INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
+	INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "koju_a_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (a)=(1) already exists.
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TABLE trans_foo;
+DROP TABLE trans_baz;
+DROP TABLE trans_barbaz;
+-- test case for problems with revalidating an open relation during abort
+create function inverse(int) returns float8 as
+$$
+begin
+  analyze revalidate_bug;
+  return 1::float8/$1;
+exception
+  when division_by_zero then return 0;
+end$$ language plpgsql volatile;
+create table revalidate_bug (c float8 unique);
+insert into revalidate_bug values (1);
+insert into revalidate_bug values (inverse(0));
+drop table revalidate_bug;
+drop function inverse(int);
+-- verify that cursors created during an aborted subtransaction are
+-- closed, but that we do not rollback the effect of any FETCHs
+-- performed in the aborted subtransaction
+begin;
+savepoint x;
+create table trans_abc (a int);
+insert into trans_abc values (5);
+insert into trans_abc values (10);
+declare foo cursor for select * from trans_abc;
+fetch from foo;
+ a 
+---
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to x;
+-- should fail
+fetch from foo;
+ERROR:  cursor "foo" does not exist
+commit;
+begin;
+create table trans_abc (a int);
+insert into trans_abc values (5);
+insert into trans_abc values (10);
+insert into trans_abc values (15);
+declare foo cursor for select * from trans_abc;
+fetch from foo;
+ a 
+---
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+savepoint x;
+fetch from foo;
+ a  
+----
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+rollback to x;
+fetch from foo;
+ a  
+----
+ 15
+(1 row)
+
+abort;
+-- Test for proper cleanup after a failure in a cursor portal
+-- that was created in an outer subtransaction
+CREATE FUNCTION invert(x float8) RETURNS float8 LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
+$$ begin return 1/x; end $$;
+CREATE FUNCTION create_temp_tab() RETURNS text
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+  CREATE TEMP TABLE new_table (f1 float8);
+  -- case of interest is that we fail while holding an open
+  -- relcache reference to new_table
+  INSERT INTO new_table SELECT invert(0.0);
+  RETURN 'foo';
+END $$;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE ok CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM int8_tbl;
+DECLARE ctt CURSOR FOR SELECT create_temp_tab();
+FETCH ok;
+ q1  | q2  
+-----+-----
+ 123 | 456
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+FETCH ok;  -- should work
+ q1  |        q2        
+-----+------------------
+ 123 | 4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH ctt; -- error occurs here
+ERROR:  division by zero
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function invert(double precision) line 1 at RETURN
+SQL statement "INSERT INTO new_table SELECT invert(0.0)"
+PL/pgSQL function create_temp_tab() line 6 at SQL statement
+ROLLBACK TO s1;
+FETCH ok;  -- should work
+        q1        | q2  
+------------------+-----
+ 4567890123456789 | 123
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH ctt; -- must be rejected
+ERROR:  portal "ctt" cannot be run
+COMMIT;
+DROP FUNCTION create_temp_tab();
+DROP FUNCTION invert(x float8);
+-- Tests for AND CHAIN
+CREATE TABLE trans_abc (a int);
+-- set nondefault value so we have something to override below
+SET default_transaction_read_only = on;
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ WRITE, DEFERRABLE;
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ repeatable read
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (2);
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_END
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ repeatable read
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES ('error');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "error"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES ('error');
+                                      ^
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (3);  -- check it's really aborted
+ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_END
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ repeatable read
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (4);
+COMMIT;
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ WRITE, DEFERRABLE;
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ repeatable read
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT x;
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES ('error');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "error"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES ('error');
+                                      ^
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_PENDING
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ repeatable read
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (5);
+COMMIT;
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ WRITE, DEFERRABLE;
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ repeatable read
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT x;
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_SUBCOMMIT
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ repeatable read
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED, READ WRITE, DEFERRABLE;
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ read committed
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+SAVEPOINT x;
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_SUBCOMMIT
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ read committed
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ on
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- different mix of options just for fun
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE, READ WRITE, NOT DEFERRABLE;
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ serializable
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (6);
+ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_PENDING
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ serializable
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES ('error');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: "error"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES ('error');
+                                      ^
+ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_END
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ serializable
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ transaction_deferrable 
+------------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- not allowed outside a transaction block
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- error
+ERROR:  COMMIT AND CHAIN can only be used in transaction blocks
+ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- error
+ERROR:  ROLLBACK AND CHAIN can only be used in transaction blocks
+SELECT * FROM trans_abc ORDER BY 1;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 4
+ 5
+(4 rows)
+
+RESET default_transaction_read_only;
+DROP TABLE trans_abc;
+-- Test assorted behaviors around the implicit transaction block created
+-- when multiple SQL commands are sent in a single Query message.  These
+-- tests rely on the fact that psql will not break SQL commands apart at a
+-- backslash-quoted semicolon, but will send them as one Query.
+create temp table i_table (f1 int);
+-- psql will show all results of a multi-statement Query
+SELECT 1\; SELECT 2\; SELECT 3;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        3
+(1 row)
+
+-- this implicitly commits:
+insert into i_table values(1)\; select * from i_table;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+-- 1/0 error will cause rolling back the whole implicit transaction
+insert into i_table values(2)\; select * from i_table\; select 1/0;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+  2
+(2 rows)
+
+ERROR:  division by zero
+select * from i_table;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+-- can use regular begin/commit/rollback within a single Query
+begin\; insert into i_table values(3)\; commit;
+rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+begin\; insert into i_table values(4)\; rollback;
+rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+-- begin converts implicit transaction into a regular one that
+-- can extend past the end of the Query
+select 1\; begin\; insert into i_table values(5);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+commit;
+select 1\; begin\; insert into i_table values(6);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+rollback;
+-- commit in implicit-transaction state commits but issues a warning.
+insert into i_table values(7)\; commit\; insert into i_table values(8)\; select 1/0;
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+ERROR:  division by zero
+-- similarly, rollback aborts but issues a warning.
+insert into i_table values(9)\; rollback\; select 2;
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+select * from i_table;
+ f1 
+----
+  1
+  3
+  5
+  7
+(4 rows)
+
+rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+-- implicit transaction block is still a transaction block, for e.g. VACUUM
+SELECT 1\; VACUUM;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+ERROR:  VACUUM cannot run inside a transaction block
+SELECT 1\; COMMIT\; VACUUM;
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+ERROR:  VACUUM cannot run inside a transaction block
+-- we disallow savepoint-related commands in implicit-transaction state
+SELECT 1\; SAVEPOINT sp;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+ERROR:  SAVEPOINT can only be used in transaction blocks
+SELECT 1\; COMMIT\; SAVEPOINT sp;
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+ERROR:  SAVEPOINT can only be used in transaction blocks
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp\; SELECT 2;
+ERROR:  ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT can only be used in transaction blocks
+SELECT 2\; RELEASE SAVEPOINT sp\; SELECT 3;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+ERROR:  RELEASE SAVEPOINT can only be used in transaction blocks
+-- but this is OK, because the BEGIN converts it to a regular xact
+SELECT 1\; BEGIN\; SAVEPOINT sp\; ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp\; COMMIT;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Tests for AND CHAIN in implicit transaction blocks
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- error
+ERROR:  COMMIT AND CHAIN can only be used in transaction blocks
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- error
+ERROR:  ROLLBACK AND CHAIN can only be used in transaction blocks
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+ transaction_read_only 
+-----------------------
+ off
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE trans_abc (a int);
+-- COMMIT/ROLLBACK + COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (7)\; COMMIT\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (8)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- 7 commit, 8 error
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+ERROR:  COMMIT AND CHAIN can only be used in transaction blocks
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (9)\; ROLLBACK\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (10)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- 9 rollback, 10 error
+WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
+ERROR:  ROLLBACK AND CHAIN can only be used in transaction blocks
+-- COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN + COMMIT/ROLLBACK
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (11)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (12)\; COMMIT;  -- 11 error, 12 not reached
+ERROR:  COMMIT AND CHAIN can only be used in transaction blocks
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (13)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (14)\; ROLLBACK;  -- 13 error, 14 not reached
+ERROR:  ROLLBACK AND CHAIN can only be used in transaction blocks
+-- START TRANSACTION + COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (15)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- 15 ok
+SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- transaction is active at this point
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ repeatable read
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (16)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- 16 ok
+SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- transaction is active at this point
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ repeatable read
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SET default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed';
+-- START TRANSACTION + COMMIT/ROLLBACK + COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (17)\; COMMIT\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (18)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- 17 commit, 18 error
+ERROR:  COMMIT AND CHAIN can only be used in transaction blocks
+SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- out of transaction block
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ read committed
+(1 row)
+
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (19)\; ROLLBACK\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (20)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- 19 rollback, 20 error
+ERROR:  ROLLBACK AND CHAIN can only be used in transaction blocks
+SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- out of transaction block
+ transaction_isolation 
+-----------------------
+ read committed
+(1 row)
+
+RESET default_transaction_isolation;
+SELECT * FROM trans_abc ORDER BY 1;
+ a  
+----
+  7
+ 15
+ 17
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE trans_abc;
+-- Test for successful cleanup of an aborted transaction at session exit.
+-- THIS MUST BE THE LAST TEST IN THIS FILE.
+begin;
+select 1/0;
+ERROR:  division by zero
+rollback to X;
+ERROR:  savepoint "x" does not exist
+-- DO NOT ADD ANYTHING HERE.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/triggers.out b/src/test/regress/expected/triggers.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc15f5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/triggers.out
@@ -0,0 +1,3666 @@
+--
+-- TRIGGERS
+--
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+\set autoinclib :libdir '/autoinc' :dlsuffix
+\set refintlib :libdir '/refint' :dlsuffix
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+CREATE FUNCTION autoinc ()
+	RETURNS trigger
+	AS :'autoinclib'
+	LANGUAGE C;
+CREATE FUNCTION check_primary_key ()
+	RETURNS trigger
+	AS :'refintlib'
+	LANGUAGE C;
+CREATE FUNCTION check_foreign_key ()
+	RETURNS trigger
+	AS :'refintlib'
+	LANGUAGE C;
+CREATE FUNCTION trigger_return_old ()
+        RETURNS trigger
+        AS :'regresslib'
+        LANGUAGE C;
+CREATE FUNCTION set_ttdummy (int4)
+        RETURNS int4
+        AS :'regresslib'
+        LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+create table pkeys (pkey1 int4 not null, pkey2 text not null);
+create table fkeys (fkey1 int4, fkey2 text, fkey3 int);
+create table fkeys2 (fkey21 int4, fkey22 text, pkey23 int not null);
+create index fkeys_i on fkeys (fkey1, fkey2);
+create index fkeys2_i on fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22);
+create index fkeys2p_i on fkeys2 (pkey23);
+insert into pkeys values (10, '1');
+insert into pkeys values (20, '2');
+insert into pkeys values (30, '3');
+insert into pkeys values (40, '4');
+insert into pkeys values (50, '5');
+insert into pkeys values (60, '6');
+create unique index pkeys_i on pkeys (pkey1, pkey2);
+--
+-- For fkeys:
+-- 	(fkey1, fkey2)	--> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
+-- 	(fkey3)		--> fkeys2 (pkey23)
+--
+create trigger check_fkeys_pkey_exist
+	before insert or update on fkeys
+	for each row
+	execute function
+	check_primary_key ('fkey1', 'fkey2', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');
+create trigger check_fkeys_pkey2_exist
+	before insert or update on fkeys
+	for each row
+	execute function check_primary_key ('fkey3', 'fkeys2', 'pkey23');
+--
+-- For fkeys2:
+-- 	(fkey21, fkey22)	--> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
+--
+create trigger check_fkeys2_pkey_exist
+	before insert or update on fkeys2
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	check_primary_key ('fkey21', 'fkey22', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_bad ON fkeys2 IS 'wrong';
+ERROR:  trigger "check_fkeys2_pkey_bad" for table "fkeys2" does not exist
+COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS 'right';
+COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS NULL;
+--
+-- For pkeys:
+-- 	ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey1, pkey2) CASCADE:
+-- 		fkeys (fkey1, fkey2) and fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22)
+--
+create trigger check_pkeys_fkey_cascade
+	before delete or update on pkeys
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	check_foreign_key (2, 'cascade', 'pkey1', 'pkey2',
+	'fkeys', 'fkey1', 'fkey2', 'fkeys2', 'fkey21', 'fkey22');
+--
+-- For fkeys2:
+-- 	ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey23) RESTRICT:
+-- 		fkeys (fkey3)
+--
+create trigger check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict
+	before delete or update on fkeys2
+	for each row
+	execute procedure check_foreign_key (1, 'restrict', 'pkey23', 'fkeys', 'fkey3');
+insert into fkeys2 values (10, '1', 1);
+insert into fkeys2 values (30, '3', 2);
+insert into fkeys2 values (40, '4', 5);
+insert into fkeys2 values (50, '5', 3);
+-- no key in pkeys
+insert into fkeys2 values (70, '5', 3);
+ERROR:  tuple references non-existent key
+DETAIL:  Trigger "check_fkeys2_pkey_exist" found tuple referencing non-existent key in "pkeys".
+insert into fkeys values (10, '1', 2);
+insert into fkeys values (30, '3', 3);
+insert into fkeys values (40, '4', 2);
+insert into fkeys values (50, '5', 2);
+-- no key in pkeys
+insert into fkeys values (70, '5', 1);
+ERROR:  tuple references non-existent key
+DETAIL:  Trigger "check_fkeys_pkey_exist" found tuple referencing non-existent key in "pkeys".
+-- no key in fkeys2
+insert into fkeys values (60, '6', 4);
+ERROR:  tuple references non-existent key
+DETAIL:  Trigger "check_fkeys_pkey2_exist" found tuple referencing non-existent key in "fkeys2".
+delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 30 and pkey2 = '3';
+NOTICE:  check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys are deleted
+ERROR:  "check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict": tuple is referenced in "fkeys"
+CONTEXT:  SQL statement "delete from fkeys2 where fkey21 = $1 and fkey22 = $2 "
+delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 40 and pkey2 = '4';
+NOTICE:  check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys are deleted
+NOTICE:  check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys2 are deleted
+update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 50 and pkey2 = '5';
+NOTICE:  check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys are deleted
+ERROR:  "check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict": tuple is referenced in "fkeys"
+CONTEXT:  SQL statement "delete from fkeys2 where fkey21 = $1 and fkey22 = $2 "
+update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 10 and pkey2 = '1';
+NOTICE:  check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys are deleted
+NOTICE:  check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys2 are deleted
+SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
+       action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
+       action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
+  FROM information_schema.triggers
+  WHERE event_object_table in ('pkeys', 'fkeys', 'fkeys2')
+  ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
+        trigger_name        | event_manipulation | event_object_schema | event_object_table | action_order | action_condition | action_orientation | action_timing | action_reference_old_table | action_reference_new_table 
+----------------------------+--------------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+---------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict | DELETE             | public              | fkeys2             |            1 |                  | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict | UPDATE             | public              | fkeys2             |            1 |                  | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ check_fkeys2_pkey_exist    | INSERT             | public              | fkeys2             |            1 |                  | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ check_fkeys2_pkey_exist    | UPDATE             | public              | fkeys2             |            2 |                  | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ check_fkeys_pkey2_exist    | INSERT             | public              | fkeys              |            1 |                  | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ check_fkeys_pkey2_exist    | UPDATE             | public              | fkeys              |            1 |                  | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ check_fkeys_pkey_exist     | INSERT             | public              | fkeys              |            2 |                  | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ check_fkeys_pkey_exist     | UPDATE             | public              | fkeys              |            2 |                  | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ check_pkeys_fkey_cascade   | DELETE             | public              | pkeys              |            1 |                  | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ check_pkeys_fkey_cascade   | UPDATE             | public              | pkeys              |            1 |                  | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+(10 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE pkeys;
+DROP TABLE fkeys;
+DROP TABLE fkeys2;
+-- Check behavior when trigger returns unmodified trigtuple
+create table trigtest (f1 int, f2 text);
+create trigger trigger_return_old
+	before insert or delete or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure trigger_return_old();
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | foo
+(1 row)
+
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+  1 | foo
+(1 row)
+
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Also check what happens when such a trigger runs before or after others
+create function f1_times_10() returns trigger as
+$$ begin new.f1 := new.f1 * 10; return new; end $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger trigger_alpha
+	before insert or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure f1_times_10();
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+ 10 | foo
+(1 row)
+
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+ 10 | foo
+(1 row)
+
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+create trigger trigger_zed
+	before insert or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure f1_times_10();
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+ f1  | f2  
+-----+-----
+ 100 | foo
+(1 row)
+
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+  f1  | f2  
+------+-----
+ 1000 | foo
+(1 row)
+
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+drop trigger trigger_alpha on trigtest;
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+ f1 | f2  
+----+-----
+ 10 | foo
+(1 row)
+
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+ f1  | f2  
+-----+-----
+ 100 | foo
+(1 row)
+
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+ f1 | f2 
+----+----
+(0 rows)
+
+drop table trigtest;
+-- Check behavior with an implicit column default, too (bug #16644)
+create table trigtest (
+  a integer,
+  b bool default true not null,
+  c text default 'xyzzy' not null);
+create trigger trigger_return_old
+	before insert or delete or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure trigger_return_old();
+insert into trigtest values(1);
+select * from trigtest;
+ a | b |   c   
+---+---+-------
+ 1 | t | xyzzy
+(1 row)
+
+alter table trigtest add column d integer default 42 not null;
+select * from trigtest;
+ a | b |   c   | d  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 1 | t | xyzzy | 42
+(1 row)
+
+update trigtest set a = 2 where a = 1 returning *;
+ a | b |   c   | d  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 1 | t | xyzzy | 42
+(1 row)
+
+select * from trigtest;
+ a | b |   c   | d  
+---+---+-------+----
+ 1 | t | xyzzy | 42
+(1 row)
+
+alter table trigtest drop column b;
+select * from trigtest;
+ a |   c   | d  
+---+-------+----
+ 1 | xyzzy | 42
+(1 row)
+
+update trigtest set a = 2 where a = 1 returning *;
+ a |   c   | d  
+---+-------+----
+ 1 | xyzzy | 42
+(1 row)
+
+select * from trigtest;
+ a |   c   | d  
+---+-------+----
+ 1 | xyzzy | 42
+(1 row)
+
+drop table trigtest;
+create sequence ttdummy_seq increment 10 start 0 minvalue 0;
+create table tttest (
+	price_id	int4,
+	price_val	int4,
+	price_on	int4,
+	price_off	int4 default 999999
+);
+create trigger ttdummy
+	before delete or update on tttest
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	ttdummy (price_on, price_off);
+create trigger ttserial
+	before insert or update on tttest
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	autoinc (price_on, ttdummy_seq);
+insert into tttest values (1, 1, null);
+insert into tttest values (2, 2, null);
+insert into tttest values (3, 3, 0);
+select * from tttest;
+ price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off 
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------
+        1 |         1 |       10 |    999999
+        2 |         2 |       20 |    999999
+        3 |         3 |       30 |    999999
+(3 rows)
+
+delete from tttest where price_id = 2;
+select * from tttest;
+ price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off 
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------
+        1 |         1 |       10 |    999999
+        3 |         3 |       30 |    999999
+        2 |         2 |       20 |        40
+(3 rows)
+
+-- what do we see ?
+-- get current prices
+select * from tttest where price_off = 999999;
+ price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off 
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------
+        1 |         1 |       10 |    999999
+        3 |         3 |       30 |    999999
+(2 rows)
+
+-- change price for price_id == 3
+update tttest set price_val = 30 where price_id = 3;
+select * from tttest;
+ price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off 
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------
+        1 |         1 |       10 |    999999
+        2 |         2 |       20 |        40
+        3 |        30 |       50 |    999999
+        3 |         3 |       30 |        50
+(4 rows)
+
+-- now we want to change pric_id in ALL tuples
+-- this gets us not what we need
+update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
+select * from tttest;
+ price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off 
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------
+        1 |         1 |       10 |    999999
+        2 |         2 |       20 |        40
+        3 |         3 |       30 |        50
+        5 |        30 |       60 |    999999
+        3 |        30 |       50 |        60
+(5 rows)
+
+-- restore data as before last update:
+select set_ttdummy(0);
+ set_ttdummy 
+-------------
+           1
+(1 row)
+
+delete from tttest where price_id = 5;
+update tttest set price_off = 999999 where price_val = 30;
+select * from tttest;
+ price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off 
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------
+        1 |         1 |       10 |    999999
+        2 |         2 |       20 |        40
+        3 |         3 |       30 |        50
+        3 |        30 |       50 |    999999
+(4 rows)
+
+-- and try change price_id now!
+update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
+select * from tttest;
+ price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off 
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------
+        1 |         1 |       10 |    999999
+        2 |         2 |       20 |        40
+        5 |         3 |       30 |        50
+        5 |        30 |       50 |    999999
+(4 rows)
+
+-- isn't it what we need ?
+select set_ttdummy(1);
+ set_ttdummy 
+-------------
+           0
+(1 row)
+
+-- we want to correct some "date"
+update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
+ERROR:  ttdummy (tttest): you cannot change price_on and/or price_off columns (use set_ttdummy)
+-- but this doesn't work
+-- try in this way
+select set_ttdummy(0);
+ set_ttdummy 
+-------------
+           1
+(1 row)
+
+update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
+select * from tttest;
+ price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off 
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------
+        2 |         2 |       20 |        40
+        5 |         3 |       30 |        50
+        5 |        30 |       50 |    999999
+        1 |         1 |       -1 |    999999
+(4 rows)
+
+-- isn't it what we need ?
+-- get price for price_id == 5 as it was @ "date" 35
+select * from tttest where price_on <= 35 and price_off > 35 and price_id = 5;
+ price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off 
+----------+-----------+----------+-----------
+        5 |         3 |       30 |        50
+(1 row)
+
+drop table tttest;
+drop sequence ttdummy_seq;
+--
+-- tests for per-statement triggers
+--
+CREATE TABLE log_table (tstamp timestamp default timeofday()::timestamp);
+CREATE TABLE main_table (a int unique, b int);
+COPY main_table (a,b) FROM stdin;
+CREATE FUNCTION trigger_func() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS '
+BEGIN
+	RAISE NOTICE ''trigger_func(%) called: action = %, when = %, level = %'', TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
+	RETURN NULL;
+END;';
+CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_stmt');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_ins_stmt');
+--
+-- if neither 'FOR EACH ROW' nor 'FOR EACH STATEMENT' was specified,
+-- CREATE TRIGGER should default to 'FOR EACH STATEMENT'
+--
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_stmt');
+-- Both insert and update statement level triggers (before and after) should
+-- fire.  Doesn't fire UPDATE before trigger, but only because one isn't
+-- defined.
+INSERT INTO main_table (a, b) VALUES (5, 10) ON CONFLICT (a)
+  DO UPDATE SET b = EXCLUDED.b;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_row');
+INSERT INTO main_table DEFAULT VALUES;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 1 WHERE b < 30;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+-- UPDATE that effects zero rows should still call per-statement trigger
+UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 2 WHERE b > 100;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+-- constraint now unneeded
+ALTER TABLE main_table DROP CONSTRAINT main_table_a_key;
+-- COPY should fire per-row and per-statement INSERT triggers
+COPY main_table (a, b) FROM stdin;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  6 | 10
+ 21 | 20
+ 30 | 40
+ 31 | 10
+ 50 | 35
+ 50 | 60
+ 81 | 15
+    |   
+(8 rows)
+
+--
+-- test triggers with WHEN clause
+--
+CREATE TRIGGER modified_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER modified_any BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_any');
+CREATE TRIGGER insert_a AFTER INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER delete_a AFTER DELETE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER insert_when BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_when');
+CREATE TRIGGER delete_when AFTER DELETE ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_when');
+SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
+       action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
+       action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
+  FROM information_schema.triggers
+  WHERE event_object_table IN ('main_table')
+  ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
+     trigger_name     | event_manipulation | event_object_schema | event_object_table | action_order |        action_condition        | action_orientation | action_timing | action_reference_old_table | action_reference_new_table 
+----------------------+--------------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------------+--------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ after_ins_stmt_trig  | INSERT             | public              | main_table         |            1 |                                | STATEMENT          | AFTER         |                            | 
+ after_upd_row_trig   | UPDATE             | public              | main_table         |            1 |                                | ROW                | AFTER         |                            | 
+ after_upd_stmt_trig  | UPDATE             | public              | main_table         |            1 |                                | STATEMENT          | AFTER         |                            | 
+ before_ins_stmt_trig | INSERT             | public              | main_table         |            1 |                                | STATEMENT          | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ delete_a             | DELETE             | public              | main_table         |            1 | (old.a = 123)                  | ROW                | AFTER         |                            | 
+ delete_when          | DELETE             | public              | main_table         |            1 | true                           | STATEMENT          | AFTER         |                            | 
+ insert_a             | INSERT             | public              | main_table         |            1 | (new.a = 123)                  | ROW                | AFTER         |                            | 
+ insert_when          | INSERT             | public              | main_table         |            2 | true                           | STATEMENT          | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ modified_a           | UPDATE             | public              | main_table         |            1 | (old.a <> new.a)               | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+ modified_any         | UPDATE             | public              | main_table         |            2 | (old.* IS DISTINCT FROM new.*) | ROW                | BEFORE        |                            | 
+(10 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO main_table (a) VALUES (123), (456);
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(insert_when) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(insert_a) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+COPY main_table FROM stdin;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(insert_when) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(insert_a) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a IN (123, 456);
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(delete_a) called: action = DELETE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(delete_a) called: action = DELETE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(delete_when) called: action = DELETE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+UPDATE main_table SET a = 50, b = 60;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(modified_any) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(modified_any) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(modified_a) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(modified_a) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(modified_a) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(modified_a) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(modified_a) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  6 | 10
+ 21 | 20
+ 30 | 40
+ 31 | 10
+ 50 | 35
+ 50 | 60
+ 81 | 15
+    |   
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
+                                                             pg_get_triggerdef                                                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE TRIGGER modified_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table FOR EACH ROW WHEN (old.a <> new.a) EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_func('modified_a')
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, false) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
+                                                                 pg_get_triggerdef                                                                  
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE TRIGGER modified_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON public.main_table FOR EACH ROW WHEN ((old.a <> new.a)) EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_func('modified_a')
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_any';
+                                                                      pg_get_triggerdef                                                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE TRIGGER modified_any BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table FOR EACH ROW WHEN (old.* IS DISTINCT FROM new.*) EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_func('modified_any')
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test RENAME TRIGGER
+ALTER TRIGGER modified_a ON main_table RENAME TO modified_modified_a;
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_modified_a';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TRIGGER modified_modified_a ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER modified_any ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER insert_a ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER delete_a ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER insert_when ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER delete_when ON main_table;
+-- Test WHEN condition accessing system columns.
+create table table_with_oids(a int);
+insert into table_with_oids values (1);
+create trigger oid_unchanged_trig after update on table_with_oids
+	for each row
+	when (new.tableoid = old.tableoid AND new.tableoid <> 0)
+	execute procedure trigger_func('after_upd_oid_unchanged');
+update table_with_oids set a = a + 1;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_oid_unchanged) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+drop table table_with_oids;
+-- Test column-level triggers
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig ON main_table;
+CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_row');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_row');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF a, b ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_a_b_row');
+CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_stmt');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_stmt');
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'after_upd_a_b_row_trig';
+                                                                pg_get_triggerdef                                                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF a, b ON public.main_table FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_func('after_upd_a_b_row')
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE main_table SET a = 50;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+UPDATE main_table SET b = 10;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+--
+-- Test case for bug with BEFORE trigger followed by AFTER trigger with WHEN
+--
+CREATE TABLE some_t (some_col boolean NOT NULL);
+CREATE FUNCTION dummy_update_func() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'dummy_update_func(%) called: action = %, old = %, new = %',
+    TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, OLD, NEW;
+  RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_before BEFORE UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('before');
+CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_aftera AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NOT OLD.some_col AND NEW.some_col)
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('aftera');
+CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_afterb AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NOT NEW.some_col)
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('afterb');
+INSERT INTO some_t VALUES (TRUE);
+UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
+NOTICE:  dummy_update_func(before) called: action = UPDATE, old = (t), new = (t)
+UPDATE some_t SET some_col = FALSE;
+NOTICE:  dummy_update_func(before) called: action = UPDATE, old = (t), new = (f)
+NOTICE:  dummy_update_func(afterb) called: action = UPDATE, old = (t), new = (f)
+UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
+NOTICE:  dummy_update_func(before) called: action = UPDATE, old = (f), new = (t)
+NOTICE:  dummy_update_func(aftera) called: action = UPDATE, old = (f), new = (t)
+DROP TABLE some_t;
+-- bogus cases
+CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_and_col BEFORE UPDATE OR UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_and_col');
+ERROR:  duplicate trigger events specified at or near "ON"
+LINE 1: ...ER error_upd_and_col BEFORE UPDATE OR UPDATE OF a ON main_ta...
+                                                             ^
+CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_a_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a, a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_a_a');
+ERROR:  column "a" specified more than once
+CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_a BEFORE INSERT OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_a');
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "OF"
+LINE 1: CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_a BEFORE INSERT OF a ON main_table
+                                                 ^
+CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_old');
+ERROR:  INSERT trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference OLD values
+LINE 2: FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
+                           ^
+CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_del_new');
+ERROR:  DELETE trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference NEW values
+LINE 2: FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
+                                    ^
+CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.tableoid <> 0)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_when_sys_column');
+ERROR:  BEFORE trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference NEW system columns
+LINE 2: FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.tableoid <> 0)
+                           ^
+CREATE TRIGGER error_stmt_when BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_stmt_when');
+ERROR:  statement trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference column values
+LINE 2: FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*)
+                                 ^
+-- check dependency restrictions
+ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
+ERROR:  cannot drop column b of table main_table because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  trigger after_upd_b_row_trig on table main_table depends on column b of table main_table
+trigger after_upd_a_b_row_trig on table main_table depends on column b of table main_table
+trigger after_upd_b_stmt_trig on table main_table depends on column b of table main_table
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+-- this should succeed, but we'll roll it back to keep the triggers around
+begin;
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig ON main_table;
+ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
+rollback;
+-- Test enable/disable triggers
+create table trigtest (i serial primary key);
+-- test that disabling RI triggers works
+create table trigtest2 (i int references trigtest(i) on delete cascade);
+create function trigtest() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+	raise notice '% % % %', TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
+	return new;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger trigtest_b_row_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each row execute procedure trigtest();
+create trigger trigtest_a_row_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each row execute procedure trigtest();
+create trigger trigtest_b_stmt_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each statement execute procedure trigtest();
+create trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each statement execute procedure trigtest();
+insert into trigtest default values;
+NOTICE:  trigtest INSERT BEFORE STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigtest INSERT BEFORE ROW
+NOTICE:  trigtest INSERT AFTER ROW
+NOTICE:  trigtest INSERT AFTER STATEMENT
+alter table trigtest disable trigger trigtest_b_row_tg;
+insert into trigtest default values;
+NOTICE:  trigtest INSERT BEFORE STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigtest INSERT AFTER ROW
+NOTICE:  trigtest INSERT AFTER STATEMENT
+alter table trigtest disable trigger user;
+insert into trigtest default values;
+alter table trigtest enable trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg;
+insert into trigtest default values;
+NOTICE:  trigtest INSERT AFTER STATEMENT
+set session_replication_role = replica;
+insert into trigtest default values;  -- does not trigger
+alter table trigtest enable always trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg;
+insert into trigtest default values;  -- now it does
+NOTICE:  trigtest INSERT AFTER STATEMENT
+reset session_replication_role;
+insert into trigtest2 values(1);
+insert into trigtest2 values(2);
+delete from trigtest where i=2;
+NOTICE:  trigtest DELETE AFTER STATEMENT
+select * from trigtest2;
+ i 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+alter table trigtest disable trigger all;
+delete from trigtest where i=1;
+select * from trigtest2;
+ i 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- ensure we still insert, even when all triggers are disabled
+insert into trigtest default values;
+select *  from trigtest;
+ i 
+---
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table trigtest2;
+drop table trigtest;
+-- dump trigger data
+CREATE TABLE trigger_test (
+        i int,
+        v varchar
+);
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION trigger_data()  RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+
+declare
+
+	argstr text;
+	relid text;
+
+begin
+
+	relid := TG_relid::regclass;
+
+	-- plpgsql can't discover its trigger data in a hash like perl and python
+	-- can, or by a sort of reflection like tcl can,
+	-- so we have to hard code the names.
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_NAME: %', TG_name;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_WHEN: %', TG_when;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_LEVEL: %', TG_level;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_OP: %', TG_op;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_RELID::regclass: %', relid;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_RELNAME: %', TG_relname;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_NAME: %', TG_table_name;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: %', TG_table_schema;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_NARGS: %', TG_nargs;
+
+	argstr := '[';
+	for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
+		if i > 0 then
+			argstr := argstr || ', ';
+		end if;
+		argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
+	end loop;
+	argstr := argstr || ']';
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_ARGV: %', argstr;
+
+	if TG_OP != 'INSERT' then
+		raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
+	end if;
+
+	if TG_OP != 'DELETE' then
+		raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
+	end if;
+
+	if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
+		return OLD;
+	else
+		return NEW;
+	end if;
+
+end;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig
+BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON trigger_test
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_data(23,'skidoo');
+insert into trigger_test values(1,'insert');
+NOTICE:  TG_NAME: show_trigger_data_trig
+NOTICE:  TG_WHEN: BEFORE
+NOTICE:  TG_LEVEL: ROW
+NOTICE:  TG_OP: INSERT
+NOTICE:  TG_RELID::regclass: trigger_test
+NOTICE:  TG_RELNAME: trigger_test
+NOTICE:  TG_TABLE_NAME: trigger_test
+NOTICE:  TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: public
+NOTICE:  TG_NARGS: 2
+NOTICE:  TG_ARGV: [23, skidoo]
+NOTICE:  NEW: (1,insert)
+update trigger_test set v = 'update' where i = 1;
+NOTICE:  TG_NAME: show_trigger_data_trig
+NOTICE:  TG_WHEN: BEFORE
+NOTICE:  TG_LEVEL: ROW
+NOTICE:  TG_OP: UPDATE
+NOTICE:  TG_RELID::regclass: trigger_test
+NOTICE:  TG_RELNAME: trigger_test
+NOTICE:  TG_TABLE_NAME: trigger_test
+NOTICE:  TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: public
+NOTICE:  TG_NARGS: 2
+NOTICE:  TG_ARGV: [23, skidoo]
+NOTICE:  OLD: (1,insert)
+NOTICE:  NEW: (1,update)
+delete from trigger_test;
+NOTICE:  TG_NAME: show_trigger_data_trig
+NOTICE:  TG_WHEN: BEFORE
+NOTICE:  TG_LEVEL: ROW
+NOTICE:  TG_OP: DELETE
+NOTICE:  TG_RELID::regclass: trigger_test
+NOTICE:  TG_RELNAME: trigger_test
+NOTICE:  TG_TABLE_NAME: trigger_test
+NOTICE:  TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: public
+NOTICE:  TG_NARGS: 2
+NOTICE:  TG_ARGV: [23, skidoo]
+NOTICE:  OLD: (1,update)
+DROP TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig on trigger_test;
+DROP FUNCTION trigger_data();
+DROP TABLE trigger_test;
+--
+-- Test use of row comparisons on OLD/NEW
+--
+CREATE TABLE trigger_test (f1 int, f2 text, f3 text);
+-- this is the obvious (and wrong...) way to compare rows
+CREATE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
+begin
+	if row(old.*) = row(new.*) then
+		raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
+	else
+		raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
+	end if;
+	return new;
+end$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER t
+BEFORE UPDATE ON trigger_test
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE mytrigger();
+INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(1, 'foo', 'bar');
+INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(2, 'baz', 'quux');
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
+NOTICE:  row 1 not changed
+NOTICE:  row 2 changed
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+NOTICE:  row 1 changed
+NOTICE:  row 2 changed
+-- this demonstrates that the above isn't really working as desired:
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+NOTICE:  row 1 changed
+NOTICE:  row 2 changed
+-- the right way when considering nulls is
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
+begin
+	if row(old.*) is distinct from row(new.*) then
+		raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
+	else
+		raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
+	end if;
+	return new;
+end$$;
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
+NOTICE:  row 1 changed
+NOTICE:  row 2 changed
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+NOTICE:  row 1 changed
+NOTICE:  row 2 changed
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+NOTICE:  row 1 not changed
+NOTICE:  row 2 not changed
+DROP TABLE trigger_test;
+DROP FUNCTION mytrigger();
+-- Test snapshot management in serializable transactions involving triggers
+-- per bug report in 6bc73d4c0910042358k3d1adff3qa36f8df75198ecea@mail.gmail.com
+CREATE FUNCTION serializable_update_trig() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
+$$
+declare
+	rec record;
+begin
+	new.description = 'updated in trigger';
+	return new;
+end;
+$$;
+CREATE TABLE serializable_update_tab (
+	id int,
+	filler  text,
+	description text
+);
+CREATE TRIGGER serializable_update_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON serializable_update_tab
+	FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE serializable_update_trig();
+INSERT INTO serializable_update_tab SELECT a, repeat('xyzxz', 100), 'new'
+	FROM generate_series(1, 50) a;
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE serializable_update_tab SET description = 'no no', id = 1 WHERE id = 1;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT description FROM serializable_update_tab WHERE id = 1;
+    description     
+--------------------
+ updated in trigger
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE serializable_update_tab;
+-- minimal update trigger
+CREATE TABLE min_updates_test (
+	f1	text,
+	f2 int,
+	f3 int);
+INSERT INTO min_updates_test VALUES ('a',1,2),('b','2',null);
+CREATE TRIGGER z_min_update
+BEFORE UPDATE ON min_updates_test
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE suppress_redundant_updates_trigger();
+\set QUIET false
+UPDATE min_updates_test SET f1 = f1;
+UPDATE 0
+UPDATE min_updates_test SET f2 = f2 + 1;
+UPDATE 2
+UPDATE min_updates_test SET f3 = 2 WHERE f3 is null;
+UPDATE 1
+\set QUIET true
+SELECT * FROM min_updates_test;
+ f1 | f2 | f3 
+----+----+----
+ a  |  2 |  2
+ b  |  3 |  2
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE min_updates_test;
+--
+-- Test triggers on views
+--
+CREATE VIEW main_view AS SELECT a, b FROM main_table;
+-- VIEW trigger function
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION view_trigger() RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+    argstr text := '';
+begin
+    for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
+        if i > 0 then
+            argstr := argstr || ', ';
+        end if;
+        argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
+    end loop;
+
+    raise notice '% % % % (%)', TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, argstr;
+
+    if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
+        if TG_OP = 'INSERT' then
+            raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
+            INSERT INTO main_table VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b);
+            RETURN NEW;
+        end if;
+
+        if TG_OP = 'UPDATE' then
+            raise NOTICE 'OLD: %, NEW: %', OLD, NEW;
+            UPDATE main_table SET a = NEW.a, b = NEW.b WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
+            if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+            RETURN NEW;
+        end if;
+
+        if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
+            raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
+            DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
+            if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+            RETURN OLD;
+        end if;
+    end if;
+
+    RETURN NULL;
+end;
+$$;
+-- Before row triggers aren't allowed on views
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');
+ERROR:  "main_view" is a view
+DETAIL:  Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');
+ERROR:  "main_view" is a view
+DETAIL:  Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');
+ERROR:  "main_view" is a view
+DETAIL:  Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
+-- After row triggers aren't allowed on views
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');
+ERROR:  "main_view" is a view
+DETAIL:  Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');
+ERROR:  "main_view" is a view
+DETAIL:  Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');
+ERROR:  "main_view" is a view
+DETAIL:  Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
+-- Truncate triggers aren't allowed on views
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE TRUNCATE ON main_view
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');
+ERROR:  "main_view" is a view
+DETAIL:  Views cannot have TRUNCATE triggers.
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER TRUNCATE ON main_view
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');
+ERROR:  "main_view" is a view
+DETAIL:  Views cannot have TRUNCATE triggers.
+-- INSTEAD OF triggers aren't allowed on tables
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');
+ERROR:  "main_table" is a table
+DETAIL:  Tables cannot have INSTEAD OF triggers.
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+ERROR:  "main_table" is a table
+DETAIL:  Tables cannot have INSTEAD OF triggers.
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');
+ERROR:  "main_table" is a table
+DETAIL:  Tables cannot have INSTEAD OF triggers.
+-- Don't support WHEN clauses with INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+ERROR:  INSTEAD OF triggers cannot have WHEN conditions
+-- Don't support column-level INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE OF a ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+ERROR:  INSTEAD OF triggers cannot have column lists
+-- Don't support statement-level INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+ERROR:  INSTEAD OF triggers must be FOR EACH ROW
+-- Valid INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');
+CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');
+-- Valid BEFORE statement VIEW triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_ins_stmt');
+CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_upd_stmt');
+CREATE TRIGGER before_del_stmt_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_del_stmt');
+-- Valid AFTER statement VIEW triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_ins_stmt');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_upd_stmt');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_del_stmt_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_del_stmt');
+\set QUIET false
+-- Insert into view using trigger
+INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (20, 30);
+NOTICE:  main_view BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT (before_view_ins_stmt)
+NOTICE:  main_view INSTEAD OF INSERT ROW (instead_of_ins)
+NOTICE:  NEW: (20,30)
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  main_view AFTER INSERT STATEMENT (after_view_ins_stmt)
+INSERT 0 1
+INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (21, 31) RETURNING a, b;
+NOTICE:  main_view BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT (before_view_ins_stmt)
+NOTICE:  main_view INSTEAD OF INSERT ROW (instead_of_ins)
+NOTICE:  NEW: (21,31)
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  main_view AFTER INSERT STATEMENT (after_view_ins_stmt)
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+ 21 | 31
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT 0 1
+-- Table trigger will prevent updates
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
+NOTICE:  main_view BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT (before_view_upd_stmt)
+NOTICE:  main_view INSTEAD OF UPDATE ROW (instead_of_upd)
+NOTICE:  OLD: (20,30), NEW: (20,31)
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  main_view AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT (after_view_upd_stmt)
+UPDATE 0
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;
+NOTICE:  main_view BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT (before_view_upd_stmt)
+NOTICE:  main_view INSTEAD OF UPDATE ROW (instead_of_upd)
+NOTICE:  OLD: (21,31), NEW: (21,32)
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  main_view AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT (after_view_upd_stmt)
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+UPDATE 0
+-- Remove table trigger to allow updates
+DROP TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
+NOTICE:  main_view BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT (before_view_upd_stmt)
+NOTICE:  main_view INSTEAD OF UPDATE ROW (instead_of_upd)
+NOTICE:  OLD: (20,30), NEW: (20,31)
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  main_view AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT (after_view_upd_stmt)
+UPDATE 1
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;
+NOTICE:  main_view BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT (before_view_upd_stmt)
+NOTICE:  main_view INSTEAD OF UPDATE ROW (instead_of_upd)
+NOTICE:  OLD: (21,31), NEW: (21,32)
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(before_upd_a_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_b_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  main_view AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT (after_view_upd_stmt)
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+ 21 | 32
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE 1
+-- Before and after stmt triggers should fire even when no rows are affected
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 0 WHERE false;
+NOTICE:  main_view BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT (before_view_upd_stmt)
+NOTICE:  main_view AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT (after_view_upd_stmt)
+UPDATE 0
+-- Delete from view using trigger
+DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a IN (20,21);
+NOTICE:  main_view BEFORE DELETE STATEMENT (before_view_del_stmt)
+NOTICE:  main_view INSTEAD OF DELETE ROW (instead_of_del)
+NOTICE:  OLD: (21,10)
+NOTICE:  main_view INSTEAD OF DELETE ROW (instead_of_del)
+NOTICE:  OLD: (20,31)
+NOTICE:  main_view INSTEAD OF DELETE ROW (instead_of_del)
+NOTICE:  OLD: (21,32)
+NOTICE:  main_view AFTER DELETE STATEMENT (after_view_del_stmt)
+DELETE 3
+DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a = 31 RETURNING a, b;
+NOTICE:  main_view BEFORE DELETE STATEMENT (before_view_del_stmt)
+NOTICE:  main_view INSTEAD OF DELETE ROW (instead_of_del)
+NOTICE:  OLD: (31,10)
+NOTICE:  main_view AFTER DELETE STATEMENT (after_view_del_stmt)
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+ 31 | 10
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE 1
+\set QUIET true
+-- Describe view should list triggers
+\d main_view
+              View "public.main_view"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Triggers:
+    after_del_stmt_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('after_view_del_stmt')
+    after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('after_view_ins_stmt')
+    after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('after_view_upd_stmt')
+    before_del_stmt_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('before_view_del_stmt')
+    before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('before_view_ins_stmt')
+    before_upd_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('before_view_upd_stmt')
+    instead_of_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('instead_of_del')
+    instead_of_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('instead_of_ins')
+    instead_of_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('instead_of_upd')
+
+-- Test dropping view triggers
+DROP TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig ON main_view;
+DROP TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig ON main_view;
+\d+ main_view
+                          View "public.main_view"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT main_table.a,
+    main_table.b
+   FROM main_table;
+Triggers:
+    after_del_stmt_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('after_view_del_stmt')
+    after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('after_view_ins_stmt')
+    after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('after_view_upd_stmt')
+    before_del_stmt_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('before_view_del_stmt')
+    before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('before_view_ins_stmt')
+    before_upd_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('before_view_upd_stmt')
+    instead_of_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION view_trigger('instead_of_upd')
+
+DROP VIEW main_view;
+--
+-- Test triggers on a join view
+--
+CREATE TABLE country_table (
+    country_id        serial primary key,
+    country_name    text unique not null,
+    continent        text not null
+);
+INSERT INTO country_table (country_name, continent)
+    VALUES ('Japan', 'Asia'),
+           ('UK', 'Europe'),
+           ('USA', 'North America')
+    RETURNING *;
+ country_id | country_name |   continent   
+------------+--------------+---------------
+          1 | Japan        | Asia
+          2 | UK           | Europe
+          3 | USA          | North America
+(3 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE city_table (
+    city_id        serial primary key,
+    city_name    text not null,
+    population    bigint,
+    country_id    int references country_table
+);
+CREATE VIEW city_view AS
+    SELECT city_id, city_name, population, country_name, continent
+    FROM city_table ci
+    LEFT JOIN country_table co ON co.country_id = ci.country_id;
+CREATE FUNCTION city_insert() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+    ctry_id int;
+begin
+    if NEW.country_name IS NOT NULL then
+        SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
+            FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
+        if NOT FOUND then
+            raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
+        end if;
+    else
+        NEW.continent := NULL;
+    end if;
+
+    if NEW.city_id IS NOT NULL then
+        INSERT INTO city_table
+            VALUES(NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id);
+    else
+        INSERT INTO city_table(city_name, population, country_id)
+            VALUES(NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id)
+            RETURNING city_id INTO NEW.city_id;
+    end if;
+
+    RETURN NEW;
+end;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER city_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON city_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_insert();
+CREATE FUNCTION city_delete() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+begin
+    DELETE FROM city_table WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
+    if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+    RETURN OLD;
+end;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER city_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON city_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_delete();
+CREATE FUNCTION city_update() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+    ctry_id int;
+begin
+    if NEW.country_name IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.country_name then
+        SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
+            FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
+        if NOT FOUND then
+            raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
+        end if;
+
+        UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
+                              population = NEW.population,
+                              country_id = ctry_id
+            WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
+    else
+        UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
+                              population = NEW.population
+            WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
+        NEW.continent := OLD.continent;
+    end if;
+
+    if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+    RETURN NEW;
+end;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER city_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON city_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_update();
+\set QUIET false
+-- INSERT .. RETURNING
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_name) VALUES('Tokyo') RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
+       1 | Tokyo     |            |              | 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT 0 1
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, population) VALUES('London', 7556900) RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
+       2 | London    |    7556900 |              | 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT 0 1
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, country_name) VALUES('Washington DC', 'USA') RETURNING *;
+ city_id |   city_name   | population | country_name |   continent   
+---------+---------------+------------+--------------+---------------
+       3 | Washington DC |            | USA          | North America
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT 0 1
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_id, city_name) VALUES(123456, 'New York') RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
+  123456 | New York  |            |              | 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT 0 1
+INSERT INTO city_view VALUES(234567, 'Birmingham', 1016800, 'UK', 'EU') RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name  | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-----------
+  234567 | Birmingham |    1016800 | UK           | Europe
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT 0 1
+-- UPDATE .. RETURNING
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japon' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo'; -- error
+ERROR:  No such country: "Japon"
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function city_update() line 9 at RAISE
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Takyo'; -- no match
+UPDATE 0
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *; -- OK
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
+       1 | Tokyo     |            | Japan        | Asia
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE 1
+UPDATE city_view SET population = 13010279 WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
+       1 | Tokyo     |   13010279 | Japan        | Asia
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE 1
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK' WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
+  123456 | New York  |            | UK           | Europe
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE 1
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'USA', population = 8391881 WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name |   continent   
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------
+  123456 | New York  |    8391881 | USA          | North America
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE 1
+UPDATE city_view SET continent = 'EU' WHERE continent = 'Europe' RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name  | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-----------
+  234567 | Birmingham |    1016800 | UK           | Europe
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE 1
+UPDATE city_view v1 SET country_name = v2.country_name FROM city_view v2
+    WHERE v2.city_name = 'Birmingham' AND v1.city_name = 'London' RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent | city_id | city_name  | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-----------
+       2 | London    |    7556900 | UK           | Europe    |  234567 | Birmingham |    1016800 | UK           | Europe
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE 1
+-- DELETE .. RETURNING
+DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_name = 'Birmingham' RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name  | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-----------
+  234567 | Birmingham |    1016800 | UK           | Europe
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE 1
+\set QUIET true
+-- read-only view with WHERE clause
+CREATE VIEW european_city_view AS
+    SELECT * FROM city_view WHERE continent = 'Europe';
+SELECT count(*) FROM european_city_view;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION no_op_trig_fn() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS 'begin RETURN NULL; end';
+CREATE TRIGGER no_op_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON european_city_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE no_op_trig_fn();
+\set QUIET false
+INSERT INTO european_city_view VALUES (0, 'x', 10000, 'y', 'z');
+INSERT 0 0
+UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 10000;
+UPDATE 0
+DELETE FROM european_city_view;
+DELETE 0
+\set QUIET true
+-- rules bypassing no-op triggers
+CREATE RULE european_city_insert_rule AS ON INSERT TO european_city_view
+DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO city_view
+VALUES (NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, NEW.country_name, NEW.continent)
+RETURNING *;
+CREATE RULE european_city_update_rule AS ON UPDATE TO european_city_view
+DO INSTEAD UPDATE city_view SET
+    city_name = NEW.city_name,
+    population = NEW.population,
+    country_name = NEW.country_name
+WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id
+RETURNING NEW.*;
+CREATE RULE european_city_delete_rule AS ON DELETE TO european_city_view
+DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id RETURNING *;
+\set QUIET false
+-- INSERT not limited by view's WHERE clause, but UPDATE AND DELETE are
+INSERT INTO european_city_view(city_name, country_name)
+    VALUES ('Cambridge', 'USA') RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name |   continent   
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------
+       4 | Cambridge |            | USA          | North America
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT 0 1
+UPDATE european_city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
+    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';
+UPDATE 0
+DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';
+DELETE 0
+-- UPDATE and DELETE via rule and trigger
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
+    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
+       4 | Cambridge |            | UK           | Europe
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE 1
+UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 122800
+    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
+       4 | Cambridge |     122800 | UK           | Europe
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE 1
+DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
+ city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent 
+---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
+       4 | Cambridge |     122800 | UK           | Europe
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE 1
+-- join UPDATE test
+UPDATE city_view v SET population = 599657
+    FROM city_table ci, country_table co
+    WHERE ci.city_name = 'Washington DC' and co.country_name = 'USA'
+    AND v.city_id = ci.city_id AND v.country_name = co.country_name
+    RETURNING co.country_id, v.country_name,
+              v.city_id, v.city_name, v.population;
+ country_id | country_name | city_id |   city_name   | population 
+------------+--------------+---------+---------------+------------
+          3 | USA          |       3 | Washington DC |     599657
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE 1
+\set QUIET true
+SELECT * FROM city_view;
+ city_id |   city_name   | population | country_name |   continent   
+---------+---------------+------------+--------------+---------------
+       1 | Tokyo         |   13010279 | Japan        | Asia
+  123456 | New York      |    8391881 | USA          | North America
+       2 | London        |    7556900 | UK           | Europe
+       3 | Washington DC |     599657 | USA          | North America
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE city_table CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view city_view
+drop cascades to view european_city_view
+DROP TABLE country_table;
+-- Test pg_trigger_depth()
+create table depth_a (id int not null primary key);
+create table depth_b (id int not null primary key);
+create table depth_c (id int not null primary key);
+create function depth_a_tf() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  insert into depth_b values (new.id);
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger depth_a_tr before insert on depth_a
+  for each row execute procedure depth_a_tf();
+create function depth_b_tf() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  begin
+    execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
+  exception
+    when sqlstate 'U9999' then
+      raise notice 'SQLSTATE = U9999: depth = %', pg_trigger_depth();
+  end;
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  if new.id = 1 then
+    execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger depth_b_tr before insert on depth_b
+  for each row execute procedure depth_b_tf();
+create function depth_c_tf() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  if new.id = 1 then
+    raise exception sqlstate 'U9999';
+  end if;
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger depth_c_tr before insert on depth_c
+  for each row execute procedure depth_c_tf();
+select pg_trigger_depth();
+ pg_trigger_depth 
+------------------
+                0
+(1 row)
+
+insert into depth_a values (1);
+NOTICE:  depth_a_tr: depth = 1
+NOTICE:  depth_b_tr: depth = 2
+NOTICE:  depth_c_tr: depth = 3
+NOTICE:  SQLSTATE = U9999: depth = 2
+NOTICE:  depth_b_tr: depth = 2
+NOTICE:  depth_c_tr: depth = 3
+ERROR:  U9999
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function depth_c_tf() line 5 at RAISE
+SQL statement "insert into depth_c values (1)"
+PL/pgSQL function depth_b_tf() line 12 at EXECUTE
+SQL statement "insert into depth_b values (new.id)"
+PL/pgSQL function depth_a_tf() line 4 at SQL statement
+select pg_trigger_depth();
+ pg_trigger_depth 
+------------------
+                0
+(1 row)
+
+insert into depth_a values (2);
+NOTICE:  depth_a_tr: depth = 1
+NOTICE:  depth_b_tr: depth = 2
+NOTICE:  depth_c_tr: depth = 3
+NOTICE:  depth_c_tr: depth = 3
+NOTICE:  depth_b_tr: depth = 2
+NOTICE:  depth_a_tr: depth = 1
+select pg_trigger_depth();
+ pg_trigger_depth 
+------------------
+                0
+(1 row)
+
+drop table depth_a, depth_b, depth_c;
+drop function depth_a_tf();
+drop function depth_b_tf();
+drop function depth_c_tf();
+--
+-- Test updates to rows during firing of BEFORE ROW triggers.
+-- As of 9.2, such cases should be rejected (see bug #6123).
+--
+create temp table parent (
+    aid int not null primary key,
+    val1 text,
+    val2 text,
+    val3 text,
+    val4 text,
+    bcnt int not null default 0);
+create temp table child (
+    bid int not null primary key,
+    aid int not null,
+    val1 text);
+create function parent_upd_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if old.val1 <> new.val1 then
+    new.val2 = new.val1;
+    delete from child where child.aid = new.aid and child.val1 = new.val1;
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger parent_upd_trig before update on parent
+  for each row execute procedure parent_upd_func();
+create function parent_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  delete from child where aid = old.aid;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger parent_del_trig before delete on parent
+  for each row execute procedure parent_del_func();
+create function child_ins_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  update parent set bcnt = bcnt + 1 where aid = new.aid;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger child_ins_trig after insert on child
+  for each row execute procedure child_ins_func();
+create function child_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  update parent set bcnt = bcnt - 1 where aid = old.aid;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger child_del_trig after delete on child
+  for each row execute procedure child_del_func();
+insert into parent values (1, 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 0);
+insert into child values (10, 1, 'b');
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+ aid | val1 | val2 | val3 | val4 | bcnt 
+-----+------+------+------+------+------
+   1 | a    | a    | a    | a    |    1
+(1 row)
+
+ bid | aid | val1 
+-----+-----+------
+  10 |   1 | b
+(1 row)
+
+update parent set val1 = 'b' where aid = 1; -- should fail
+ERROR:  tuple to be updated was already modified by an operation triggered by the current command
+HINT:  Consider using an AFTER trigger instead of a BEFORE trigger to propagate changes to other rows.
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+ aid | val1 | val2 | val3 | val4 | bcnt 
+-----+------+------+------+------+------
+   1 | a    | a    | a    | a    |    1
+(1 row)
+
+ bid | aid | val1 
+-----+-----+------
+  10 |   1 | b
+(1 row)
+
+delete from parent where aid = 1; -- should fail
+ERROR:  tuple to be deleted was already modified by an operation triggered by the current command
+HINT:  Consider using an AFTER trigger instead of a BEFORE trigger to propagate changes to other rows.
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+ aid | val1 | val2 | val3 | val4 | bcnt 
+-----+------+------+------+------+------
+   1 | a    | a    | a    | a    |    1
+(1 row)
+
+ bid | aid | val1 
+-----+-----+------
+  10 |   1 | b
+(1 row)
+
+-- replace the trigger function with one that restarts the deletion after
+-- having modified a child
+create or replace function parent_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  delete from child where aid = old.aid;
+  if found then
+    delete from parent where aid = old.aid;
+    return null; -- cancel outer deletion
+  end if;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+delete from parent where aid = 1;
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+ aid | val1 | val2 | val3 | val4 | bcnt 
+-----+------+------+------+------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+ bid | aid | val1 
+-----+-----+------
+(0 rows)
+
+drop table parent, child;
+drop function parent_upd_func();
+drop function parent_del_func();
+drop function child_ins_func();
+drop function child_del_func();
+-- similar case, but with a self-referencing FK so that parent and child
+-- rows can be affected by a single operation
+create temp table self_ref_trigger (
+    id int primary key,
+    parent int references self_ref_trigger,
+    data text,
+    nchildren int not null default 0
+);
+create function self_ref_trigger_ins_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if new.parent is not null then
+    update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren + 1
+      where id = new.parent;
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger self_ref_trigger_ins_trig before insert on self_ref_trigger
+  for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_ins_func();
+create function self_ref_trigger_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if old.parent is not null then
+    update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren - 1
+      where id = old.parent;
+  end if;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger self_ref_trigger_del_trig before delete on self_ref_trigger
+  for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_del_func();
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (1, null, 'root');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (2, 1, 'root child A');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (3, 1, 'root child B');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (4, 2, 'grandchild 1');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (5, 3, 'grandchild 2');
+update self_ref_trigger set data = 'root!' where id = 1;
+select * from self_ref_trigger;
+ id | parent |     data     | nchildren 
+----+--------+--------------+-----------
+  2 |      1 | root child A |         1
+  4 |      2 | grandchild 1 |         0
+  3 |      1 | root child B |         1
+  5 |      3 | grandchild 2 |         0
+  1 |        | root!        |         2
+(5 rows)
+
+delete from self_ref_trigger;
+ERROR:  tuple to be updated was already modified by an operation triggered by the current command
+HINT:  Consider using an AFTER trigger instead of a BEFORE trigger to propagate changes to other rows.
+select * from self_ref_trigger;
+ id | parent |     data     | nchildren 
+----+--------+--------------+-----------
+  2 |      1 | root child A |         1
+  4 |      2 | grandchild 1 |         0
+  3 |      1 | root child B |         1
+  5 |      3 | grandchild 2 |         0
+  1 |        | root!        |         2
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table self_ref_trigger;
+drop function self_ref_trigger_ins_func();
+drop function self_ref_trigger_del_func();
+--
+-- Check that statement triggers work correctly even with all children excluded
+--
+create table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd (a int);
+create table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1 () inherits (stmt_trig_on_empty_upd);
+create function update_stmt_notice() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+	raise notice 'updating %', TG_TABLE_NAME;
+	return null;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger before_stmt_trigger
+	before update on stmt_trig_on_empty_upd
+	execute procedure update_stmt_notice();
+create trigger before_stmt_trigger
+	before update on stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1
+	execute procedure update_stmt_notice();
+-- inherited no-op update
+update stmt_trig_on_empty_upd set a = a where false returning a+1 as aa;
+NOTICE:  updating stmt_trig_on_empty_upd
+ aa 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- simple no-op update
+update stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1 set a = a where false returning a+1 as aa;
+NOTICE:  updating stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1
+ aa 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+drop table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd cascade;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1
+drop function update_stmt_notice();
+--
+-- Check that index creation (or DDL in general) is prohibited in a trigger
+--
+create table trigger_ddl_table (
+   col1 integer,
+   col2 integer
+);
+create function trigger_ddl_func() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  alter table trigger_ddl_table add primary key (col1);
+  return new;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger trigger_ddl_func before insert on trigger_ddl_table for each row
+  execute procedure trigger_ddl_func();
+insert into trigger_ddl_table values (1, 42);  -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot ALTER TABLE "trigger_ddl_table" because it is being used by active queries in this session
+CONTEXT:  SQL statement "alter table trigger_ddl_table add primary key (col1)"
+PL/pgSQL function trigger_ddl_func() line 3 at SQL statement
+create or replace function trigger_ddl_func() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  create index on trigger_ddl_table (col2);
+  return new;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+insert into trigger_ddl_table values (1, 42);  -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot CREATE INDEX "trigger_ddl_table" because it is being used by active queries in this session
+CONTEXT:  SQL statement "create index on trigger_ddl_table (col2)"
+PL/pgSQL function trigger_ddl_func() line 3 at SQL statement
+drop table trigger_ddl_table;
+drop function trigger_ddl_func();
+--
+-- Verify behavior of before and after triggers with INSERT...ON CONFLICT
+-- DO UPDATE
+--
+create table upsert (key int4 primary key, color text);
+create function upsert_before_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
+    raise warning 'before update (old): %', old.*::text;
+    raise warning 'before update (new): %', new.*::text;
+  elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
+    raise warning 'before insert (new): %', new.*::text;
+    if new.key % 2 = 0 then
+      new.key := new.key + 1;
+      new.color := new.color || ' trig modified';
+      raise warning 'before insert (new, modified): %', new.*::text;
+    end if;
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger upsert_before_trig before insert or update on upsert
+  for each row execute procedure upsert_before_func();
+create function upsert_after_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
+    raise warning 'after update (old): %', old.*::text;
+    raise warning 'after update (new): %', new.*::text;
+  elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
+    raise warning 'after insert (new): %', new.*::text;
+  end if;
+  return null;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger upsert_after_trig after insert or update on upsert
+  for each row execute procedure upsert_after_func();
+insert into upsert values(1, 'black') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+WARNING:  before insert (new): (1,black)
+WARNING:  after insert (new): (1,black)
+insert into upsert values(2, 'red') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+WARNING:  before insert (new): (2,red)
+WARNING:  before insert (new, modified): (3,"red trig modified")
+WARNING:  after insert (new): (3,"red trig modified")
+insert into upsert values(3, 'orange') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+WARNING:  before insert (new): (3,orange)
+WARNING:  before update (old): (3,"red trig modified")
+WARNING:  before update (new): (3,"updated red trig modified")
+WARNING:  after update (old): (3,"red trig modified")
+WARNING:  after update (new): (3,"updated red trig modified")
+insert into upsert values(4, 'green') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+WARNING:  before insert (new): (4,green)
+WARNING:  before insert (new, modified): (5,"green trig modified")
+WARNING:  after insert (new): (5,"green trig modified")
+insert into upsert values(5, 'purple') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+WARNING:  before insert (new): (5,purple)
+WARNING:  before update (old): (5,"green trig modified")
+WARNING:  before update (new): (5,"updated green trig modified")
+WARNING:  after update (old): (5,"green trig modified")
+WARNING:  after update (new): (5,"updated green trig modified")
+insert into upsert values(6, 'white') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+WARNING:  before insert (new): (6,white)
+WARNING:  before insert (new, modified): (7,"white trig modified")
+WARNING:  after insert (new): (7,"white trig modified")
+insert into upsert values(7, 'pink') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+WARNING:  before insert (new): (7,pink)
+WARNING:  before update (old): (7,"white trig modified")
+WARNING:  before update (new): (7,"updated white trig modified")
+WARNING:  after update (old): (7,"white trig modified")
+WARNING:  after update (new): (7,"updated white trig modified")
+insert into upsert values(8, 'yellow') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+WARNING:  before insert (new): (8,yellow)
+WARNING:  before insert (new, modified): (9,"yellow trig modified")
+WARNING:  after insert (new): (9,"yellow trig modified")
+select * from upsert;
+ key |            color            
+-----+-----------------------------
+   1 | black
+   3 | updated red trig modified
+   5 | updated green trig modified
+   7 | updated white trig modified
+   9 | yellow trig modified
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table upsert;
+drop function upsert_before_func();
+drop function upsert_after_func();
+--
+-- Verify that triggers with transition tables are not allowed on
+-- views
+--
+create table my_table (i int);
+create view my_view as select * from my_table;
+create function my_trigger_function() returns trigger as $$ begin end; $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger my_trigger after update on my_view referencing old table as old_table
+   for each statement execute procedure my_trigger_function();
+ERROR:  "my_view" is a view
+DETAIL:  Triggers on views cannot have transition tables.
+drop function my_trigger_function();
+drop view my_view;
+drop table my_table;
+--
+-- Verify cases that are unsupported with partitioned tables
+--
+create table parted_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create function trigger_nothing() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$ begin end; $$;
+create trigger failed instead of update on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+ERROR:  "parted_trig" is a table
+DETAIL:  Tables cannot have INSTEAD OF triggers.
+create trigger failed after update on parted_trig
+  referencing old table as old_table
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+ERROR:  "parted_trig" is a partitioned table
+DETAIL:  ROW triggers with transition tables are not supported on partitioned tables.
+drop table parted_trig;
+--
+-- Verify trigger creation for partitioned tables, and drop behavior
+--
+create table trigpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table trigpart1 partition of trigpart for values from (0) to (1000);
+create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+create table trigpart2 partition of trigpart for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table trigpart3 (like trigpart);
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+create table trigpart4 partition of trigpart for values from (3000) to (4000) partition by range (a);
+create table trigpart41 partition of trigpart4 for values from (3000) to (3500);
+create table trigpart42 (like trigpart);
+alter table trigpart4 attach partition trigpart42 for values from (3500) to (4000);
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+  tgrelid   | tgname |     tgfoid      
+------------+--------+-----------------
+ trigpart   | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+ trigpart1  | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+ trigpart2  | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+ trigpart3  | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+ trigpart4  | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+ trigpart41 | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+ trigpart42 | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+(7 rows)
+
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart1;	-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop trigger trg1 on table trigpart1 because trigger trg1 on table trigpart requires it
+HINT:  You can drop trigger trg1 on table trigpart instead.
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart2;	-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop trigger trg1 on table trigpart2 because trigger trg1 on table trigpart requires it
+HINT:  You can drop trigger trg1 on table trigpart instead.
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart3;	-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot drop trigger trg1 on table trigpart3 because trigger trg1 on table trigpart requires it
+HINT:  You can drop trigger trg1 on table trigpart instead.
+drop table trigpart2;			-- ok, trigger should be gone in that partition
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+  tgrelid   | tgname |     tgfoid      
+------------+--------+-----------------
+ trigpart   | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+ trigpart1  | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+ trigpart3  | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+ trigpart4  | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+ trigpart41 | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+ trigpart42 | trg1   | trigger_nothing
+(6 rows)
+
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart;		-- ok, all gone
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+ tgrelid | tgname | tgfoid 
+---------+--------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- check detach behavior
+create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+\d trigpart3
+             Table "public.trigpart3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: trigpart FOR VALUES FROM (2000) TO (3000)
+Triggers:
+    trg1 AFTER INSERT ON trigpart3 FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_nothing(), ON TABLE trigpart
+
+alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart3;
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart3; -- fail due to "does not exist"
+ERROR:  trigger "trg1" for table "trigpart3" does not exist
+alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart4;
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart41; -- fail due to "does not exist"
+ERROR:  trigger "trg1" for table "trigpart41" does not exist
+drop table trigpart4;
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart3;
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+drop table trigpart3;
+select tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname, tgfoid::regproc, tgenabled, tgisinternal from pg_trigger
+  where tgname ~ '^trg1' order by 1;
+  tgrelid  | tgname |     tgfoid      | tgenabled | tgisinternal 
+-----------+--------+-----------------+-----------+--------------
+ trigpart  | trg1   | trigger_nothing | O         | f
+ trigpart1 | trg1   | trigger_nothing | O         | f
+(2 rows)
+
+create table trigpart3 (like trigpart);
+create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart3 for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+\d trigpart3
+             Table "public.trigpart3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Triggers:
+    trg1 AFTER INSERT ON trigpart3 FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_nothing()
+
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 FOR VALUES FROM (2000) to (3000); -- fail
+ERROR:  trigger "trg1" for relation "trigpart3" already exists
+drop table trigpart3;
+-- check display of unrelated triggers
+create trigger samename after delete on trigpart execute function trigger_nothing();
+create trigger samename after delete on trigpart1 execute function trigger_nothing();
+\d trigpart1
+             Table "public.trigpart1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ a      | integer |           |          | 
+ b      | integer |           |          | 
+Partition of: trigpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000)
+Triggers:
+    samename AFTER DELETE ON trigpart1 FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_nothing()
+    trg1 AFTER INSERT ON trigpart1 FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_nothing(), ON TABLE trigpart
+
+drop table trigpart;
+drop function trigger_nothing();
+--
+-- Verify that triggers are fired for partitioned tables
+--
+create table parted_stmt_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_stmt_trig1 partition of parted_stmt_trig for values in (1);
+create table parted_stmt_trig2 partition of parted_stmt_trig for values in (2);
+create table parted2_stmt_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted2_stmt_trig1 partition of parted2_stmt_trig for values in (1);
+create table parted2_stmt_trig2 partition of parted2_stmt_trig for values in (2);
+create or replace function trigger_notice() returns trigger as $$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for %', TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL;
+    if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
+       return NEW;
+    end if;
+    return null;
+  end;
+  $$ language plpgsql;
+-- insert/update/delete statement-level triggers on the parent
+create trigger trig_ins_before before insert on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_ins_after after insert on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_before before update on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after after update on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_before before delete on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after after delete on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+-- insert/update/delete row-level triggers on the parent
+create trigger trig_ins_after_parent after insert on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after_parent after update on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after_parent after delete on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+-- insert/update/delete row-level triggers on the first partition
+create trigger trig_ins_before_child before insert on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_ins_after_child after insert on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_before_child before update on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after_child after update on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_before_child before delete on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after_child after delete on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+-- insert/update/delete statement-level triggers on the parent
+create trigger trig_ins_before_3 before insert on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_ins_after_3 after insert on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_before_3 before update on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after_3 after update on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_before_3 before delete on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after_3 after delete on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+with ins (a) as (
+  insert into parted2_stmt_trig values (1), (2) returning a
+) insert into parted_stmt_trig select a from ins returning tableoid::regclass, a;
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_before on parted_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT for STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_before_3 on parted2_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT for STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_before_child on parted_stmt_trig1 BEFORE INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_child on parted_stmt_trig1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_parent on parted_stmt_trig1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_parent on parted_stmt_trig2 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_3 on parted2_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT for STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after on parted_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT for STATEMENT
+     tableoid      | a 
+-------------------+---
+ parted_stmt_trig1 | 1
+ parted_stmt_trig2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+with upd as (
+  update parted2_stmt_trig set a = a
+) update parted_stmt_trig  set a = a;
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_upd_before on parted_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE for STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_upd_before_child on parted_stmt_trig1 BEFORE UPDATE for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_upd_before_3 on parted2_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE for STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_upd_after_child on parted_stmt_trig1 AFTER UPDATE for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_upd_after_parent on parted_stmt_trig1 AFTER UPDATE for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_upd_after_parent on parted_stmt_trig2 AFTER UPDATE for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_upd_after on parted_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE for STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_upd_after_3 on parted2_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE for STATEMENT
+delete from parted_stmt_trig;
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_del_before on parted_stmt_trig BEFORE DELETE for STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_del_before_child on parted_stmt_trig1 BEFORE DELETE for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_del_after_parent on parted_stmt_trig2 AFTER DELETE for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_del_after on parted_stmt_trig AFTER DELETE for STATEMENT
+-- insert via copy on the parent
+copy parted_stmt_trig(a) from stdin;
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_before on parted_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT for STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_before_child on parted_stmt_trig1 BEFORE INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_child on parted_stmt_trig1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_parent on parted_stmt_trig1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_parent on parted_stmt_trig2 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after on parted_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT for STATEMENT
+-- insert via copy on the first partition
+copy parted_stmt_trig1(a) from stdin;
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_before_child on parted_stmt_trig1 BEFORE INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_child on parted_stmt_trig1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_parent on parted_stmt_trig1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+-- Disabling a trigger in the parent table should disable children triggers too
+alter table parted_stmt_trig disable trigger trig_ins_after_parent;
+insert into parted_stmt_trig values (1);
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_before on parted_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT for STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_before_child on parted_stmt_trig1 BEFORE INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_child on parted_stmt_trig1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after on parted_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT for STATEMENT
+alter table parted_stmt_trig enable trigger trig_ins_after_parent;
+insert into parted_stmt_trig values (1);
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_before on parted_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT for STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_before_child on parted_stmt_trig1 BEFORE INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_child on parted_stmt_trig1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after_parent on parted_stmt_trig1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger trig_ins_after on parted_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT for STATEMENT
+drop table parted_stmt_trig, parted2_stmt_trig;
+-- Verify that triggers fire in alphabetical order
+create table parted_trig (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trig_1 partition of parted_trig for values from (0) to (1000)
+   partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trig_1_1 partition of parted_trig_1 for values from (0) to (100);
+create table parted_trig_2 partition of parted_trig for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create trigger zzz after insert on parted_trig for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger mmm after insert on parted_trig_1_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger aaa after insert on parted_trig_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger bbb after insert on parted_trig for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger qqq after insert on parted_trig_1_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+insert into parted_trig values (50), (1500);
+NOTICE:  trigger aaa on parted_trig_1_1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger bbb on parted_trig_1_1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger mmm on parted_trig_1_1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger qqq on parted_trig_1_1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger zzz on parted_trig_1_1 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger bbb on parted_trig_2 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+NOTICE:  trigger zzz on parted_trig_2 AFTER INSERT for ROW
+drop table parted_trig;
+-- Verify propagation of trigger arguments to partitions
+create table parted_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_trig1 partition of parted_trig for values in (1);
+create or replace function trigger_notice() returns trigger as $$
+  declare
+    arg1 text = TG_ARGV[0];
+    arg2 integer = TG_ARGV[1];
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for % args % %',
+		TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, arg1, arg2;
+    return null;
+  end;
+  $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger aaa after insert on parted_trig
+   for each row execute procedure trigger_notice('quirky', 1);
+-- Verify propagation of trigger arguments to partitions attached after creating trigger
+create table parted_trig2 partition of parted_trig for values in (2);
+create table parted_trig3 (like parted_trig);
+alter table parted_trig attach partition parted_trig3 for values in (3);
+insert into parted_trig values (1), (2), (3);
+NOTICE:  trigger aaa on parted_trig1 AFTER INSERT for ROW args quirky 1
+NOTICE:  trigger aaa on parted_trig2 AFTER INSERT for ROW args quirky 1
+NOTICE:  trigger aaa on parted_trig3 AFTER INSERT for ROW args quirky 1
+drop table parted_trig;
+-- test irregular partitions (i.e., different column definitions),
+-- including that the WHEN clause works
+create function bark(text) returns bool language plpgsql immutable
+  as $$ begin raise notice '% <- woof!', $1; return true; end; $$;
+create or replace function trigger_notice_ab() returns trigger as $$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for %: (a,b)=(%,%)',
+		TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL,
+		NEW.a, NEW.b;
+    if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
+       return NEW;
+    end if;
+    return null;
+  end;
+  $$ language plpgsql;
+create table parted_irreg_ancestor (fd text, b text, fd2 int, fd3 int, a int)
+  partition by range (b);
+alter table parted_irreg_ancestor drop column fd,
+  drop column fd2, drop column fd3;
+create table parted_irreg (fd int, a int, fd2 int, b text)
+  partition by range (b);
+alter table parted_irreg drop column fd, drop column fd2;
+alter table parted_irreg_ancestor attach partition parted_irreg
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('zzzz');
+create table parted1_irreg (b text, fd int, a int);
+alter table parted1_irreg drop column fd;
+alter table parted_irreg attach partition parted1_irreg
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('bbbb');
+create trigger parted_trig after insert on parted_irreg
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create trigger parted_trig_odd after insert on parted_irreg for each row
+  when (bark(new.b) AND new.a % 2 = 1) execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+-- we should hear barking for every insert, but parted_trig_odd only emits
+-- noise for odd values of a. parted_trig does it for all inserts.
+insert into parted_irreg values (1, 'aardvark'), (2, 'aanimals');
+NOTICE:  aardvark <- woof!
+NOTICE:  aanimals <- woof!
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig on parted1_irreg AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(1,aardvark)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig_odd on parted1_irreg AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(1,aardvark)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig on parted1_irreg AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(2,aanimals)
+insert into parted1_irreg values ('aardwolf', 2);
+NOTICE:  aardwolf <- woof!
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig on parted1_irreg AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(2,aardwolf)
+insert into parted_irreg_ancestor values ('aasvogel', 3);
+NOTICE:  aasvogel <- woof!
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig on parted1_irreg AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(3,aasvogel)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig_odd on parted1_irreg AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(3,aasvogel)
+drop table parted_irreg_ancestor;
+-- Before triggers and partitions
+create table parted (a int, b int, c text) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_1 partition of parted for values in (1)
+  partition by list (b);
+create table parted_1_1 partition of parted_1 for values in (1);
+create function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.a = new.a + 1;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v1');    -- works
+create trigger t before insert or update or delete on parted
+  for each row execute function parted_trigfunc();
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v2');    -- fail
+ERROR:  moving row to another partition during a BEFORE FOR EACH ROW trigger is not supported
+DETAIL:  Before executing trigger "t", the row was to be in partition "public.parted_1_1".
+update parted set c = c || 'v3';                   -- fail
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "parted" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (a) = (2).
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.b = new.b + 1;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v4');    -- fail
+ERROR:  moving row to another partition during a BEFORE FOR EACH ROW trigger is not supported
+DETAIL:  Before executing trigger "t", the row was to be in partition "public.parted_1_1".
+update parted set c = c || 'v5';                   -- fail
+ERROR:  no partition of relation "parted_1" found for row
+DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (b) = (2).
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.c = new.c || ' did '|| TG_OP;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno');       -- works
+update parted set c = c || ' v6';                   -- works
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+  tableoid  | a | b |                c                 
+------------+---+---+----------------------------------
+ parted_1_1 | 1 | 1 | uno uno v1 v6 did UPDATE
+ parted_1_1 | 1 | 1 | uno uno did INSERT v6 did UPDATE
+(2 rows)
+
+-- update itself moves tuple to new partition; trigger still works
+truncate table parted;
+create table parted_2 partition of parted for values in (2);
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v5');
+update parted set a = 2;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+ tableoid | a | b |                      c                      
+----------+---+---+---------------------------------------------
+ parted_2 | 2 | 1 | uno uno v5 did INSERT did UPDATE did INSERT
+(1 row)
+
+-- both trigger and update change the partition
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc2() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.a = new.a + 1;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger t2 before update on parted
+  for each row execute function parted_trigfunc2();
+truncate table parted;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v6');
+create table parted_3 partition of parted for values in (3);
+update parted set a = a + 1;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+ tableoid | a | b |                      c                      
+----------+---+---+---------------------------------------------
+ parted_3 | 3 | 1 | uno uno v6 did INSERT did UPDATE did INSERT
+(1 row)
+
+-- there's no partition for a=0, but this update works anyway because
+-- the trigger causes the tuple to be routed to another partition
+update parted set a = 0;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+  tableoid  | a | b |                                 c                                 
+------------+---+---+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ parted_1_1 | 1 | 1 | uno uno v6 did INSERT did UPDATE did INSERT did UPDATE did INSERT
+(1 row)
+
+drop table parted;
+create table parted (a int, b int, c text) partition by list ((a + b));
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.a = new.a + new.b;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create table parted_1 partition of parted for values in (1, 2);
+create table parted_2 partition of parted for values in (3, 4);
+create trigger t before insert or update on parted
+  for each row execute function parted_trigfunc();
+insert into parted values (0, 1, 'zero win');
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'one fail');
+ERROR:  moving row to another partition during a BEFORE FOR EACH ROW trigger is not supported
+DETAIL:  Before executing trigger "t", the row was to be in partition "public.parted_1".
+insert into parted values (1, 2, 'two fail');
+ERROR:  moving row to another partition during a BEFORE FOR EACH ROW trigger is not supported
+DETAIL:  Before executing trigger "t", the row was to be in partition "public.parted_2".
+select * from parted;
+ a | b |    c     
+---+---+----------
+ 1 | 1 | zero win
+(1 row)
+
+drop table parted;
+drop function parted_trigfunc();
+--
+-- Constraint triggers and partitioned tables
+create table parted_constr_ancestor (a int, b text)
+  partition by range (b);
+create table parted_constr (a int, b text)
+  partition by range (b);
+alter table parted_constr_ancestor attach partition parted_constr
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('zzzz');
+create table parted1_constr (a int, b text);
+alter table parted_constr attach partition parted1_constr
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('bbbb');
+create constraint trigger parted_trig after insert on parted_constr_ancestor
+  deferrable
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create constraint trigger parted_trig_two after insert on parted_constr
+  deferrable initially deferred
+  for each row when (bark(new.b) AND new.a % 2 = 1)
+  execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+-- The immediate constraint is fired immediately; the WHEN clause of the
+-- deferred constraint is also called immediately.  The deferred constraint
+-- is fired at commit time.
+begin;
+insert into parted_constr values (1, 'aardvark');
+NOTICE:  aardvark <- woof!
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig on parted1_constr AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(1,aardvark)
+insert into parted1_constr values (2, 'aardwolf');
+NOTICE:  aardwolf <- woof!
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig on parted1_constr AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(2,aardwolf)
+insert into parted_constr_ancestor values (3, 'aasvogel');
+NOTICE:  aasvogel <- woof!
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig on parted1_constr AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(3,aasvogel)
+commit;
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig_two on parted1_constr AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(1,aardvark)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig_two on parted1_constr AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(3,aasvogel)
+-- The WHEN clause is immediate, and both constraint triggers are fired at
+-- commit time.
+begin;
+set constraints parted_trig deferred;
+insert into parted_constr values (1, 'aardvark');
+NOTICE:  aardvark <- woof!
+insert into parted1_constr values (2, 'aardwolf'), (3, 'aasvogel');
+NOTICE:  aardwolf <- woof!
+NOTICE:  aasvogel <- woof!
+commit;
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig on parted1_constr AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(1,aardvark)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig_two on parted1_constr AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(1,aardvark)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig on parted1_constr AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(2,aardwolf)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig on parted1_constr AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(3,aasvogel)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trig_two on parted1_constr AFTER INSERT for ROW: (a,b)=(3,aasvogel)
+drop table parted_constr_ancestor;
+drop function bark(text);
+-- Test that the WHEN clause is set properly to partitions
+create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
+alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create trigger parted_trigger after update on parted_trigger
+  for each row when (new.a % 2 = 1 and length(old.b) >= 2) execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
+create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (3);
+create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (3) to (5);
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+insert into parted_trigger values
+    (0, 'a'), (1, 'bbb'), (2, 'bcd'), (3, 'c'),
+	(1000, 'c'), (1001, 'ddd'), (1002, 'efg'), (1003, 'f'),
+	(2000, 'e'), (2001, 'fff'), (2002, 'ghi'), (2003, 'h');
+update parted_trigger set a = a + 2; -- notice for odd 'a' values, long 'b' values
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trigger on parted_trigger_1 AFTER UPDATE for ROW: (a,b)=(3,bbb)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trigger on parted_trigger_2 AFTER UPDATE for ROW: (a,b)=(1003,ddd)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trigger on parted_trigger_3_2 AFTER UPDATE for ROW: (a,b)=(2003,fff)
+drop table parted_trigger;
+-- try a constraint trigger, also
+create table parted_referenced (a int);
+create table unparted_trigger (a int, b text);	-- for comparison purposes
+create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
+alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create constraint trigger parted_trigger after update on parted_trigger
+  from parted_referenced
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create constraint trigger parted_trigger after update on unparted_trigger
+  from parted_referenced
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
+create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (3);
+create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (3) to (5);
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+select tgname, conname, t.tgrelid::regclass, t.tgconstrrelid::regclass,
+  c.conrelid::regclass, c.confrelid::regclass
+  from pg_trigger t join pg_constraint c on (t.tgconstraint = c.oid)
+  where tgname = 'parted_trigger'
+  order by t.tgrelid::regclass::text;
+     tgname     |    conname     |      tgrelid       |   tgconstrrelid   |      conrelid      | confrelid 
+----------------+----------------+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+-----------
+ parted_trigger | parted_trigger | parted_trigger     | parted_referenced | parted_trigger     | -
+ parted_trigger | parted_trigger | parted_trigger_1   | parted_referenced | parted_trigger_1   | -
+ parted_trigger | parted_trigger | parted_trigger_2   | parted_referenced | parted_trigger_2   | -
+ parted_trigger | parted_trigger | parted_trigger_3   | parted_referenced | parted_trigger_3   | -
+ parted_trigger | parted_trigger | parted_trigger_3_1 | parted_referenced | parted_trigger_3_1 | -
+ parted_trigger | parted_trigger | parted_trigger_3_2 | parted_referenced | parted_trigger_3_2 | -
+ parted_trigger | parted_trigger | unparted_trigger   | parted_referenced | unparted_trigger   | -
+(7 rows)
+
+drop table parted_referenced, parted_trigger, unparted_trigger;
+-- verify that the "AFTER UPDATE OF columns" event is propagated correctly
+create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
+alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create trigger parted_trigger after update of b on parted_trigger
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
+create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (4);
+create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (4) to (8);
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+insert into parted_trigger values (0, 'a'), (1000, 'c'), (2000, 'e'), (2001, 'eeee');
+update parted_trigger set a = a + 2;	-- no notices here
+update parted_trigger set b = b || 'b';	-- all triggers should fire
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trigger on parted_trigger_1 AFTER UPDATE for ROW: (a,b)=(2,ab)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trigger on parted_trigger_2 AFTER UPDATE for ROW: (a,b)=(1002,cb)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trigger on parted_trigger_3_1 AFTER UPDATE for ROW: (a,b)=(2002,eb)
+NOTICE:  trigger parted_trigger on parted_trigger_3_2 AFTER UPDATE for ROW: (a,b)=(2003,eeeeb)
+drop table parted_trigger;
+drop function trigger_notice_ab();
+-- Make sure we don't end up with unnecessary copies of triggers, when
+-- cloning them.
+create table trg_clone (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table trg_clone1 partition of trg_clone for values from (0) to (1000);
+alter table trg_clone add constraint uniq unique (a) deferrable;
+create table trg_clone2 partition of trg_clone for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table trg_clone3 partition of trg_clone for values from (2000) to (3000)
+  partition by range (a);
+create table trg_clone_3_3 partition of trg_clone3 for values from (2000) to (2100);
+select tgrelid::regclass, count(*) from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass in ('trg_clone', 'trg_clone1', 'trg_clone2',
+	'trg_clone3', 'trg_clone_3_3')
+  group by tgrelid::regclass order by tgrelid::regclass;
+    tgrelid    | count 
+---------------+-------
+ trg_clone     |     1
+ trg_clone1    |     1
+ trg_clone2    |     1
+ trg_clone3    |     1
+ trg_clone_3_3 |     1
+(5 rows)
+
+drop table trg_clone;
+-- Test the interaction between ALTER TABLE .. DISABLE TRIGGER and
+-- both kinds of inheritance.  Historically, legacy inheritance has
+-- not recursed to children, so that behavior is preserved.
+create table parent (a int);
+create table child1 () inherits (parent);
+create function trig_nothing() returns trigger language plpgsql
+  as $$ begin return null; end $$;
+create trigger tg after insert on parent
+  for each row execute function trig_nothing();
+create trigger tg after insert on child1
+  for each row execute function trig_nothing();
+alter table parent disable trigger tg;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+ tgrelid | tgname | tgenabled 
+---------+--------+-----------
+ child1  | tg     | O
+ parent  | tg     | D
+(2 rows)
+
+alter table only parent enable always trigger tg;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+ tgrelid | tgname | tgenabled 
+---------+--------+-----------
+ child1  | tg     | O
+ parent  | tg     | A
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table parent, child1;
+create table parent (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table child1 partition of parent for values in (1);
+create trigger tg after insert on parent
+  for each row execute procedure trig_nothing();
+create trigger tg_stmt after insert on parent
+  for statement execute procedure trig_nothing();
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
+ tgrelid | tgname  | tgenabled 
+---------+---------+-----------
+ child1  | tg      | O
+ parent  | tg      | O
+ parent  | tg_stmt | O
+(3 rows)
+
+alter table only parent enable always trigger tg;	-- no recursion because ONLY
+alter table parent enable always trigger tg_stmt;	-- no recursion because statement trigger
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
+ tgrelid | tgname  | tgenabled 
+---------+---------+-----------
+ child1  | tg      | O
+ parent  | tg      | A
+ parent  | tg_stmt | A
+(3 rows)
+
+-- The following is a no-op for the parent trigger but not so
+-- for the child trigger, so recursion should be applied.
+alter table parent enable always trigger tg;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
+ tgrelid | tgname  | tgenabled 
+---------+---------+-----------
+ child1  | tg      | A
+ parent  | tg      | A
+ parent  | tg_stmt | A
+(3 rows)
+
+-- This variant malfunctioned in some releases.
+alter table parent disable trigger user;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
+ tgrelid | tgname  | tgenabled 
+---------+---------+-----------
+ child1  | tg      | D
+ parent  | tg      | D
+ parent  | tg_stmt | D
+(3 rows)
+
+drop table parent, child1;
+-- Check processing of foreign key triggers
+create table parent (a int primary key, f int references parent)
+  partition by list (a);
+create table child1 partition of parent for values in (1);
+select tgrelid::regclass, rtrim(tgname, '0123456789') as tgname,
+  tgfoid::regproc, tgenabled
+  from pg_trigger where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgfoid;
+ tgrelid |         tgname          |         tgfoid         | tgenabled 
+---------+-------------------------+------------------------+-----------
+ child1  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_c_ | "RI_FKey_check_ins"    | O
+ child1  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_c_ | "RI_FKey_check_upd"    | O
+ parent  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_c_ | "RI_FKey_check_ins"    | O
+ parent  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_c_ | "RI_FKey_check_upd"    | O
+ parent  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_a_ | "RI_FKey_noaction_del" | O
+ parent  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_a_ | "RI_FKey_noaction_upd" | O
+(6 rows)
+
+alter table parent disable trigger all;
+select tgrelid::regclass, rtrim(tgname, '0123456789') as tgname,
+  tgfoid::regproc, tgenabled
+  from pg_trigger where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgfoid;
+ tgrelid |         tgname          |         tgfoid         | tgenabled 
+---------+-------------------------+------------------------+-----------
+ child1  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_c_ | "RI_FKey_check_ins"    | D
+ child1  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_c_ | "RI_FKey_check_upd"    | D
+ parent  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_c_ | "RI_FKey_check_ins"    | D
+ parent  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_c_ | "RI_FKey_check_upd"    | D
+ parent  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_a_ | "RI_FKey_noaction_del" | D
+ parent  | RI_ConstraintTrigger_a_ | "RI_FKey_noaction_upd" | D
+(6 rows)
+
+drop table parent, child1;
+-- Verify that firing state propagates correctly on creation, too
+CREATE TABLE trgfire (i int) PARTITION BY RANGE (i);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire1 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION tgf() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql
+  AS $$ begin raise exception 'except'; end $$;
+CREATE TRIGGER tg AFTER INSERT ON trgfire FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION tgf();
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
+ERROR:  except
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tgf() line 1 at RAISE
+ALTER TABLE trgfire DISABLE TRIGGER tg;
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire2 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (11);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire3 (LIKE trgfire);
+ALTER TABLE trgfire ATTACH PARTITION trgfire3 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (21);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire4 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (40) PARTITION BY LIST (i);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire4_30 PARTITION OF trgfire4 FOR VALUES IN (30);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (30);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire5 (LIKE trgfire) PARTITION BY LIST (i);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire5_40 PARTITION OF trgfire5 FOR VALUES IN (40);
+ALTER TABLE trgfire ATTACH PARTITION trgfire5 FOR VALUES FROM (40) TO (50);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (40);
+SELECT tgrelid::regclass, tgenabled FROM pg_trigger
+  WHERE tgrelid::regclass IN (SELECT oid from pg_class where relname LIKE 'trgfire%')
+  ORDER BY tgrelid::regclass::text;
+   tgrelid   | tgenabled 
+-------------+-----------
+ trgfire     | D
+ trgfire1    | D
+ trgfire2    | D
+ trgfire3    | D
+ trgfire4    | D
+ trgfire4_30 | D
+ trgfire5    | D
+ trgfire5_40 | D
+(8 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE trgfire ENABLE TRIGGER tg;
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
+ERROR:  except
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tgf() line 1 at RAISE
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (11);
+ERROR:  except
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tgf() line 1 at RAISE
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (21);
+ERROR:  except
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tgf() line 1 at RAISE
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (30);
+ERROR:  except
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tgf() line 1 at RAISE
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (40);
+ERROR:  except
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function tgf() line 1 at RAISE
+DROP TABLE trgfire;
+DROP FUNCTION tgf();
+--
+-- Test the interaction between transition tables and both kinds of
+-- inheritance.  We'll dump the contents of the transition tables in a
+-- format that shows the attribute order, so that we can distinguish
+-- tuple formats (though not dropped attributes).
+--
+create or replace function dump_insert() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, new table = %',
+                 TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by a) from new_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+create or replace function dump_update() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %, new table = %',
+                 TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by a) from old_table),
+                 (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by a) from new_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+create or replace function dump_delete() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %',
+                 TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by a) from old_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+--
+-- Verify behavior of statement triggers on partition hierarchy with
+-- transition tables.  Tuples should appear to each trigger in the
+-- format of the relation the trigger is attached to.
+--
+-- set up a partition hierarchy with some different TupleDescriptors
+create table parent (a text, b int) partition by list (a);
+-- a child matching parent
+create table child1 partition of parent for values in ('AAA');
+-- a child with a dropped column
+create table child2 (x int, a text, b int);
+alter table child2 drop column x;
+alter table parent attach partition child2 for values in ('BBB');
+-- a child with a different column order
+create table child3 (b int, a text);
+alter table parent attach partition child3 for values in ('CCC');
+create trigger parent_insert_trig
+  after insert on parent referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger parent_update_trig
+  after update on parent referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger parent_delete_trig
+  after delete on parent referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+create trigger child1_insert_trig
+  after insert on child1 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child1_update_trig
+  after update on child1 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child1_delete_trig
+  after delete on child1 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+create trigger child2_insert_trig
+  after insert on child2 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child2_update_trig
+  after update on child2 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child2_delete_trig
+  after delete on child2 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+create trigger child3_insert_trig
+  after insert on child3 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child3_update_trig
+  after update on child3 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child3_delete_trig
+  after delete on child3 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
+       action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
+       action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
+  FROM information_schema.triggers
+  WHERE event_object_table IN ('parent', 'child1', 'child2', 'child3')
+  ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
+    trigger_name    | event_manipulation | event_object_schema | event_object_table | action_order | action_condition | action_orientation | action_timing | action_reference_old_table | action_reference_new_table 
+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+---------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
+ child1_delete_trig | DELETE             | public              | child1             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         | old_table                  | 
+ child1_insert_trig | INSERT             | public              | child1             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         |                            | new_table
+ child1_update_trig | UPDATE             | public              | child1             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         | old_table                  | new_table
+ child2_delete_trig | DELETE             | public              | child2             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         | old_table                  | 
+ child2_insert_trig | INSERT             | public              | child2             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         |                            | new_table
+ child2_update_trig | UPDATE             | public              | child2             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         | old_table                  | new_table
+ child3_delete_trig | DELETE             | public              | child3             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         | old_table                  | 
+ child3_insert_trig | INSERT             | public              | child3             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         |                            | new_table
+ child3_update_trig | UPDATE             | public              | child3             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         | old_table                  | new_table
+ parent_delete_trig | DELETE             | public              | parent             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         | old_table                  | 
+ parent_insert_trig | INSERT             | public              | parent             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         |                            | new_table
+ parent_update_trig | UPDATE             | public              | parent             |            1 |                  | STATEMENT          | AFTER         | old_table                  | new_table
+(12 rows)
+
+-- insert directly into children sees respective child-format tuples
+insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
+NOTICE:  trigger = child1_insert_trig, new table = (AAA,42)
+insert into child2 values ('BBB', 42);
+NOTICE:  trigger = child2_insert_trig, new table = (BBB,42)
+insert into child3 values (42, 'CCC');
+NOTICE:  trigger = child3_insert_trig, new table = (42,CCC)
+-- update via parent sees parent-format tuples
+update parent set b = b + 1;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_update_trig, old table = (AAA,42), (BBB,42), (CCC,42), new table = (AAA,43), (BBB,43), (CCC,43)
+-- delete via parent sees parent-format tuples
+delete from parent;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_delete_trig, old table = (AAA,43), (BBB,43), (CCC,43)
+-- insert into parent sees parent-format tuples
+insert into parent values ('AAA', 42);
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_insert_trig, new table = (AAA,42)
+insert into parent values ('BBB', 42);
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_insert_trig, new table = (BBB,42)
+insert into parent values ('CCC', 42);
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_insert_trig, new table = (CCC,42)
+-- delete from children sees respective child-format tuples
+delete from child1;
+NOTICE:  trigger = child1_delete_trig, old table = (AAA,42)
+delete from child2;
+NOTICE:  trigger = child2_delete_trig, old table = (BBB,42)
+delete from child3;
+NOTICE:  trigger = child3_delete_trig, old table = (42,CCC)
+-- copy into parent sees parent-format tuples
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_insert_trig, new table = (AAA,42), (BBB,42), (CCC,42)
+-- DML affecting parent sees tuples collected from children even if
+-- there is no transition table trigger on the children
+drop trigger child1_insert_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_update_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_delete_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child2_insert_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_update_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_delete_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child3_insert_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_update_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_delete_trig on child3;
+delete from parent;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_delete_trig, old table = (AAA,42), (BBB,42), (CCC,42)
+-- copy into parent sees tuples collected from children even if there
+-- is no transition-table trigger on the children
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_insert_trig, new table = (AAA,42), (BBB,42), (CCC,42)
+-- insert into parent with a before trigger on a child tuple before
+-- insertion, and we capture the newly modified row in parent format
+create or replace function intercept_insert() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    new.b = new.b + 1000;
+    return new;
+  end;
+$$;
+create trigger intercept_insert_child3
+  before insert on child3
+  for each row execute procedure intercept_insert();
+-- insert, parent trigger sees post-modification parent-format tuple
+insert into parent values ('AAA', 42), ('BBB', 42), ('CCC', 66);
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_insert_trig, new table = (AAA,42), (BBB,42), (CCC,1066)
+-- copy, parent trigger sees post-modification parent-format tuple
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_insert_trig, new table = (AAA,42), (BBB,42), (CCC,1234)
+drop table child1, child2, child3, parent;
+drop function intercept_insert();
+--
+-- Verify prohibition of row triggers with transition triggers on
+-- partitions
+--
+create table parent (a text, b int) partition by list (a);
+create table child partition of parent for values in ('AAA');
+-- adding row trigger with transition table fails
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+ERROR:  ROW triggers with transition tables are not supported on partitions
+-- detaching it first works
+alter table parent detach partition child;
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+-- but now we're not allowed to reattach it
+alter table parent attach partition child for values in ('AAA');
+ERROR:  trigger "child_row_trig" prevents table "child" from becoming a partition
+DETAIL:  ROW triggers with transition tables are not supported on partitions.
+-- drop the trigger, and now we're allowed to attach it again
+drop trigger child_row_trig on child;
+alter table parent attach partition child for values in ('AAA');
+drop table child, parent;
+--
+-- Verify behavior of statement triggers on (non-partition)
+-- inheritance hierarchy with transition tables; similar to the
+-- partition case, except there is no rerouting on insertion and child
+-- tables can have extra columns
+--
+-- set up inheritance hierarchy with different TupleDescriptors
+create table parent (a text, b int);
+-- a child matching parent
+create table child1 () inherits (parent);
+-- a child with a different column order
+create table child2 (b int, a text);
+alter table child2 inherit parent;
+-- a child with an extra column
+create table child3 (c text) inherits (parent);
+create trigger parent_insert_trig
+  after insert on parent referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger parent_update_trig
+  after update on parent referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger parent_delete_trig
+  after delete on parent referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+create trigger child1_insert_trig
+  after insert on child1 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child1_update_trig
+  after update on child1 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child1_delete_trig
+  after delete on child1 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+create trigger child2_insert_trig
+  after insert on child2 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child2_update_trig
+  after update on child2 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child2_delete_trig
+  after delete on child2 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+create trigger child3_insert_trig
+  after insert on child3 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child3_update_trig
+  after update on child3 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child3_delete_trig
+  after delete on child3 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+-- insert directly into children sees respective child-format tuples
+insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
+NOTICE:  trigger = child1_insert_trig, new table = (AAA,42)
+insert into child2 values (42, 'BBB');
+NOTICE:  trigger = child2_insert_trig, new table = (42,BBB)
+insert into child3 values ('CCC', 42, 'foo');
+NOTICE:  trigger = child3_insert_trig, new table = (CCC,42,foo)
+-- update via parent sees parent-format tuples
+update parent set b = b + 1;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_update_trig, old table = (AAA,42), (BBB,42), (CCC,42), new table = (AAA,43), (BBB,43), (CCC,43)
+-- delete via parent sees parent-format tuples
+delete from parent;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_delete_trig, old table = (AAA,43), (BBB,43), (CCC,43)
+-- reinsert values into children for next test...
+insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
+NOTICE:  trigger = child1_insert_trig, new table = (AAA,42)
+insert into child2 values (42, 'BBB');
+NOTICE:  trigger = child2_insert_trig, new table = (42,BBB)
+insert into child3 values ('CCC', 42, 'foo');
+NOTICE:  trigger = child3_insert_trig, new table = (CCC,42,foo)
+-- delete from children sees respective child-format tuples
+delete from child1;
+NOTICE:  trigger = child1_delete_trig, old table = (AAA,42)
+delete from child2;
+NOTICE:  trigger = child2_delete_trig, old table = (42,BBB)
+delete from child3;
+NOTICE:  trigger = child3_delete_trig, old table = (CCC,42,foo)
+-- copy into parent sees parent-format tuples (no rerouting, so these
+-- are really inserted into the parent)
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_insert_trig, new table = (AAA,42), (BBB,42), (CCC,42)
+-- same behavior for copy if there is an index (interesting because rows are
+-- captured by a different code path in copyfrom.c if there are indexes)
+create index on parent(b);
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_insert_trig, new table = (DDD,42)
+-- DML affecting parent sees tuples collected from children even if
+-- there is no transition table trigger on the children
+drop trigger child1_insert_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_update_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_delete_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child2_insert_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_update_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_delete_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child3_insert_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_update_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_delete_trig on child3;
+delete from parent;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_delete_trig, old table = (AAA,42), (BBB,42), (CCC,42), (DDD,42)
+drop table child1, child2, child3, parent;
+--
+-- Verify prohibition of row triggers with transition triggers on
+-- inheritance children
+--
+create table parent (a text, b int);
+create table child () inherits (parent);
+-- adding row trigger with transition table fails
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+ERROR:  ROW triggers with transition tables are not supported on inheritance children
+-- disinheriting it first works
+alter table child no inherit parent;
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+-- but now we're not allowed to make it inherit anymore
+alter table child inherit parent;
+ERROR:  trigger "child_row_trig" prevents table "child" from becoming an inheritance child
+DETAIL:  ROW triggers with transition tables are not supported in inheritance hierarchies.
+-- drop the trigger, and now we're allowed to make it inherit again
+drop trigger child_row_trig on child;
+alter table child inherit parent;
+drop table child, parent;
+--
+-- Verify behavior of queries with wCTEs, where multiple transition
+-- tuplestores can be active at the same time because there are
+-- multiple DML statements that might fire triggers with transition
+-- tables
+--
+create table table1 (a int);
+create table table2 (a text);
+create trigger table1_trig
+  after insert on table1 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger table2_trig
+  after insert on table2 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+with wcte as (insert into table1 values (42))
+  insert into table2 values ('hello world');
+NOTICE:  trigger = table2_trig, new table = ("hello world")
+NOTICE:  trigger = table1_trig, new table = (42)
+with wcte as (insert into table1 values (43))
+  insert into table1 values (44);
+NOTICE:  trigger = table1_trig, new table = (43), (44)
+select * from table1;
+ a  
+----
+ 42
+ 44
+ 43
+(3 rows)
+
+select * from table2;
+      a      
+-------------
+ hello world
+(1 row)
+
+drop table table1;
+drop table table2;
+--
+-- Verify behavior of INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE ... with
+-- transition tables.
+--
+create table my_table (a int primary key, b text);
+create trigger my_table_insert_trig
+  after insert on my_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger my_table_update_trig
+  after update on my_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+-- inserts only
+insert into my_table values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+NOTICE:  trigger = my_table_update_trig, old table = <NULL>, new table = <NULL>
+NOTICE:  trigger = my_table_insert_trig, new table = (1,AAA), (2,BBB)
+-- mixture of inserts and updates
+insert into my_table values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB'), (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+NOTICE:  trigger = my_table_update_trig, old table = (1,AAA), (2,BBB), new table = (1,AAA:AAA), (2,BBB:BBB)
+NOTICE:  trigger = my_table_insert_trig, new table = (3,CCC), (4,DDD)
+-- updates only
+insert into my_table values (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+NOTICE:  trigger = my_table_update_trig, old table = (3,CCC), (4,DDD), new table = (3,CCC:CCC), (4,DDD:DDD)
+NOTICE:  trigger = my_table_insert_trig, new table = <NULL>
+--
+-- now using a partitioned table
+--
+create table iocdu_tt_parted (a int primary key, b text) partition by list (a);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted1 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (1);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted2 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (2);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted3 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (3);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted4 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (4);
+create trigger iocdu_tt_parted_insert_trig
+  after insert on iocdu_tt_parted referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger iocdu_tt_parted_update_trig
+  after update on iocdu_tt_parted referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+-- inserts only
+insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+NOTICE:  trigger = iocdu_tt_parted_update_trig, old table = <NULL>, new table = <NULL>
+NOTICE:  trigger = iocdu_tt_parted_insert_trig, new table = (1,AAA), (2,BBB)
+-- mixture of inserts and updates
+insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB'), (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+NOTICE:  trigger = iocdu_tt_parted_update_trig, old table = (1,AAA), (2,BBB), new table = (1,AAA:AAA), (2,BBB:BBB)
+NOTICE:  trigger = iocdu_tt_parted_insert_trig, new table = (3,CCC), (4,DDD)
+-- updates only
+insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+NOTICE:  trigger = iocdu_tt_parted_update_trig, old table = (3,CCC), (4,DDD), new table = (3,CCC:CCC), (4,DDD:DDD)
+NOTICE:  trigger = iocdu_tt_parted_insert_trig, new table = <NULL>
+drop table iocdu_tt_parted;
+--
+-- Verify that you can't create a trigger with transition tables for
+-- more than one event.
+--
+create trigger my_table_multievent_trig
+  after insert or update on my_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+ERROR:  transition tables cannot be specified for triggers with more than one event
+--
+-- Verify that you can't create a trigger with transition tables with
+-- a column list.
+--
+create trigger my_table_col_update_trig
+  after update of b on my_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+ERROR:  transition tables cannot be specified for triggers with column lists
+drop table my_table;
+--
+-- Test firing of triggers with transition tables by foreign key cascades
+--
+create table refd_table (a int primary key, b text);
+create table trig_table (a int, b text,
+  foreign key (a) references refd_table on update cascade on delete cascade
+);
+create trigger trig_table_before_trig
+  before insert or update or delete on trig_table
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_func('trig_table');
+create trigger trig_table_insert_trig
+  after insert on trig_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger trig_table_update_trig
+  after update on trig_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger trig_table_delete_trig
+  after delete on trig_table referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+insert into refd_table values
+  (1, 'one'),
+  (2, 'two'),
+  (3, 'three');
+insert into trig_table values
+  (1, 'one a'),
+  (1, 'one b'),
+  (2, 'two a'),
+  (2, 'two b'),
+  (3, 'three a'),
+  (3, 'three b');
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(trig_table) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger = trig_table_insert_trig, new table = (1,"one a"), (1,"one b"), (2,"two a"), (2,"two b"), (3,"three a"), (3,"three b")
+update refd_table set a = 11 where b = 'one';
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(trig_table) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger = trig_table_update_trig, old table = (1,"one a"), (1,"one b"), new table = (11,"one a"), (11,"one b")
+select * from trig_table;
+ a  |    b    
+----+---------
+  2 | two a
+  2 | two b
+  3 | three a
+  3 | three b
+ 11 | one a
+ 11 | one b
+(6 rows)
+
+delete from refd_table where length(b) = 3;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(trig_table) called: action = DELETE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger = trig_table_delete_trig, old table = (2,"two a"), (2,"two b"), (11,"one a"), (11,"one b")
+select * from trig_table;
+ a |    b    
+---+---------
+ 3 | three a
+ 3 | three b
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table refd_table, trig_table;
+--
+-- self-referential FKs are even more fun
+--
+create table self_ref (a int primary key,
+                       b int references self_ref(a) on delete cascade);
+create trigger self_ref_before_trig
+  before delete on self_ref
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_func('self_ref');
+create trigger self_ref_r_trig
+  after delete on self_ref referencing old table as old_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_delete();
+create trigger self_ref_s_trig
+  after delete on self_ref referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+insert into self_ref values (1, null), (2, 1), (3, 2);
+delete from self_ref where a = 1;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(self_ref) called: action = DELETE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger = self_ref_r_trig, old table = (1,), (2,1)
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(self_ref) called: action = DELETE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger = self_ref_r_trig, old table = (1,), (2,1)
+NOTICE:  trigger = self_ref_s_trig, old table = (1,), (2,1)
+NOTICE:  trigger = self_ref_r_trig, old table = (3,2)
+NOTICE:  trigger = self_ref_s_trig, old table = (3,2)
+-- without AR trigger, cascaded deletes all end up in one transition table
+drop trigger self_ref_r_trig on self_ref;
+insert into self_ref values (1, null), (2, 1), (3, 2), (4, 3);
+delete from self_ref where a = 1;
+NOTICE:  trigger_func(self_ref) called: action = DELETE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
+NOTICE:  trigger = self_ref_s_trig, old table = (1,), (2,1), (3,2), (4,3)
+drop table self_ref;
+--
+-- test transition tables with MERGE
+--
+create table merge_target_table (a int primary key, b text);
+create trigger merge_target_table_insert_trig
+  after insert on merge_target_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger merge_target_table_update_trig
+  after update on merge_target_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger merge_target_table_delete_trig
+  after delete on merge_target_table referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+create table merge_source_table (a int, b text);
+insert into merge_source_table
+  values (1, 'initial1'), (2, 'initial2'),
+		 (3, 'initial3'), (4, 'initial4');
+merge into merge_target_table t
+using merge_source_table s
+on t.a = s.a
+when not matched then
+  insert values (a, b);
+NOTICE:  trigger = merge_target_table_insert_trig, new table = (1,initial1), (2,initial2), (3,initial3), (4,initial4)
+merge into merge_target_table t
+using merge_source_table s
+on t.a = s.a
+when matched and s.a <= 2 then
+	update set b = t.b || ' updated by merge'
+when matched and s.a > 2 then
+	delete
+when not matched then
+  insert values (a, b);
+NOTICE:  trigger = merge_target_table_delete_trig, old table = (3,initial3), (4,initial4)
+NOTICE:  trigger = merge_target_table_update_trig, old table = (1,initial1), (2,initial2), new table = (1,"initial1 updated by merge"), (2,"initial2 updated by merge")
+NOTICE:  trigger = merge_target_table_insert_trig, new table = <NULL>
+merge into merge_target_table t
+using merge_source_table s
+on t.a = s.a
+when matched and s.a <= 2 then
+	update set b = t.b || ' updated again by merge'
+when matched and s.a > 2 then
+	delete
+when not matched then
+  insert values (a, b);
+NOTICE:  trigger = merge_target_table_delete_trig, old table = <NULL>
+NOTICE:  trigger = merge_target_table_update_trig, old table = (1,"initial1 updated by merge"), (2,"initial2 updated by merge"), new table = (1,"initial1 updated by merge updated again by merge"), (2,"initial2 updated by merge updated again by merge")
+NOTICE:  trigger = merge_target_table_insert_trig, new table = (3,initial3), (4,initial4)
+drop table merge_source_table, merge_target_table;
+-- cleanup
+drop function dump_insert();
+drop function dump_update();
+drop function dump_delete();
+--
+-- Tests for CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER
+--
+create table my_table (id integer);
+create function funcA() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'hello from funcA';
+  return null;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+create function funcB() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'hello from funcB';
+  return null;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger my_trig
+  after insert on my_table
+  for each row execute procedure funcA();
+create trigger my_trig
+  before insert on my_table
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();  -- should fail
+ERROR:  trigger "my_trig" for relation "my_table" already exists
+insert into my_table values (1);
+NOTICE:  hello from funcA
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  before insert on my_table
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();  -- OK
+insert into my_table values (2);  -- this insert should become a no-op
+NOTICE:  hello from funcB
+table my_table;
+ id 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+drop table my_table;
+-- test CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER on partition table
+create table parted_trig (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trig_1 partition of parted_trig
+       for values from (0) to (1000) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trig_1_1 partition of parted_trig_1 for values from (0) to (100);
+create table parted_trig_2 partition of parted_trig for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table default_parted_trig partition of parted_trig default;
+-- test that trigger can be replaced by another one
+-- at the same level of partition table
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure funcA();
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+NOTICE:  hello from funcA
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+NOTICE:  hello from funcB
+-- test that child trigger cannot be replaced directly
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure funcA();
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+NOTICE:  hello from funcA
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig_1
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();  -- should fail
+ERROR:  trigger "my_trig" for relation "parted_trig_1" is an internal or a child trigger
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+NOTICE:  hello from funcA
+drop trigger my_trig on parted_trig;
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+-- test that user trigger can be overwritten by one defined at upper level
+create trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig_1
+  for each row execute procedure funcA();
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+NOTICE:  hello from funcA
+create trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();  -- should fail
+ERROR:  trigger "my_trig" for relation "parted_trig_1" already exists
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+NOTICE:  hello from funcA
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+NOTICE:  hello from funcB
+-- cleanup
+drop table parted_trig;
+drop function funcA();
+drop function funcB();
+-- Leave around some objects for other tests
+create table trigger_parted (a int primary key) partition by list (a);
+create function trigger_parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+  $$ begin end; $$;
+create trigger aft_row after insert or update on trigger_parted
+  for each row execute function trigger_parted_trigfunc();
+create table trigger_parted_p1 partition of trigger_parted for values in (1)
+  partition by list (a);
+create table trigger_parted_p1_1 partition of trigger_parted_p1 for values in (1);
+create table trigger_parted_p2 partition of trigger_parted for values in (2)
+  partition by list (a);
+create table trigger_parted_p2_2 partition of trigger_parted_p2 for values in (2);
+alter table only trigger_parted_p2 disable trigger aft_row;
+alter table trigger_parted_p2_2 enable always trigger aft_row;
+-- verify transition table conversion slot's lifetime
+-- https://postgr.es/m/39a71864-b120-5a5c-8cc5-c632b6f16761@amazon.com
+create table convslot_test_parent (col1 text primary key);
+create table convslot_test_child (col1 text primary key,
+	foreign key (col1) references convslot_test_parent(col1) on delete cascade on update cascade
+);
+alter table convslot_test_child add column col2 text not null default 'tutu';
+insert into convslot_test_parent(col1) values ('1');
+insert into convslot_test_child(col1) values ('1');
+insert into convslot_test_parent(col1) values ('3');
+insert into convslot_test_child(col1) values ('3');
+create function convslot_trig1()
+returns trigger
+language plpgsql
+AS $$
+begin
+raise notice 'trigger = %, old_table = %',
+          TG_NAME,
+          (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from old_table);
+return null;
+end; $$;
+create function convslot_trig2()
+returns trigger
+language plpgsql
+AS $$
+begin
+raise notice 'trigger = %, new table = %',
+          TG_NAME,
+          (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from new_table);
+return null;
+end; $$;
+create trigger but_trigger after update on convslot_test_child
+referencing new table as new_table
+for each statement execute function convslot_trig2();
+update convslot_test_parent set col1 = col1 || '1';
+NOTICE:  trigger = but_trigger, new table = (11,tutu), (31,tutu)
+create function convslot_trig3()
+returns trigger
+language plpgsql
+AS $$
+begin
+raise notice 'trigger = %, old_table = %, new table = %',
+          TG_NAME,
+          (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from old_table),
+          (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from new_table);
+return null;
+end; $$;
+create trigger but_trigger2 after update on convslot_test_child
+referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+for each statement execute function convslot_trig3();
+update convslot_test_parent set col1 = col1 || '1';
+NOTICE:  trigger = but_trigger, new table = (111,tutu), (311,tutu)
+NOTICE:  trigger = but_trigger2, old_table = (11,tutu), (31,tutu), new table = (111,tutu), (311,tutu)
+create trigger bdt_trigger after delete on convslot_test_child
+referencing old table as old_table
+for each statement execute function convslot_trig1();
+delete from convslot_test_parent;
+NOTICE:  trigger = bdt_trigger, old_table = (111,tutu), (311,tutu)
+drop table convslot_test_child, convslot_test_parent;
+drop function convslot_trig1();
+drop function convslot_trig2();
+drop function convslot_trig3();
+-- Bug #17607: variant of above in which trigger function raises an error;
+-- we don't see any ill effects unless trigger tuple requires mapping
+create table convslot_test_parent (id int primary key, val int)
+partition by range (id);
+create table convslot_test_part (val int, id int not null);
+alter table convslot_test_parent
+  attach partition convslot_test_part for values from (1) to (1000);
+create function convslot_trig4() returns trigger as
+$$begin raise exception 'BOOM!'; end$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger convslot_test_parent_update
+    after update on convslot_test_parent
+    referencing old table as old_rows new table as new_rows
+    for each statement execute procedure convslot_trig4();
+insert into convslot_test_parent (id, val) values (1, 2);
+begin;
+savepoint svp;
+update convslot_test_parent set val = 3;  -- error expected
+ERROR:  BOOM!
+CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function convslot_trig4() line 1 at RAISE
+rollback to savepoint svp;
+rollback;
+drop table convslot_test_parent;
+drop function convslot_trig4();
+-- Test trigger renaming on partitioned tables
+create table grandparent (id int, primary key (id)) partition by range (id);
+create table middle partition of grandparent for values from (1) to (10)
+partition by range (id);
+create table chi partition of middle for values from (1) to (5);
+create table cho partition of middle for values from (6) to (10);
+create function f () returns trigger as
+$$ begin return new; end; $$
+language plpgsql;
+create trigger a after insert on grandparent
+for each row execute procedure f();
+alter trigger a on grandparent rename to b;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname,
+(select tgname from pg_trigger tr where tr.oid = pg_trigger.tgparentid) parent_tgname
+from pg_trigger where tgrelid in (select relid from pg_partition_tree('grandparent'))
+order by tgname, tgrelid::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
+   tgrelid   | tgname | parent_tgname 
+-------------+--------+---------------
+ chi         | b      | b
+ cho         | b      | b
+ grandparent | b      | 
+ middle      | b      | b
+(4 rows)
+
+alter trigger a on only grandparent rename to b;	-- ONLY not supported
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "only"
+LINE 1: alter trigger a on only grandparent rename to b;
+                           ^
+alter trigger b on middle rename to c;	-- can't rename trigger on partition
+ERROR:  cannot rename trigger "b" on table "middle"
+HINT:  Rename the trigger on the partitioned table "grandparent" instead.
+create trigger c after insert on middle
+for each row execute procedure f();
+alter trigger b on grandparent rename to c;
+ERROR:  trigger "c" for relation "middle" already exists
+-- Rename cascading does not affect statement triggers
+create trigger p after insert on grandparent for each statement execute function f();
+create trigger p after insert on middle for each statement execute function f();
+alter trigger p on grandparent rename to q;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname,
+(select tgname from pg_trigger tr where tr.oid = pg_trigger.tgparentid) parent_tgname
+from pg_trigger where tgrelid in (select relid from pg_partition_tree('grandparent'))
+order by tgname, tgrelid::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
+   tgrelid   | tgname | parent_tgname 
+-------------+--------+---------------
+ chi         | b      | b
+ cho         | b      | b
+ grandparent | b      | 
+ middle      | b      | b
+ chi         | c      | c
+ cho         | c      | c
+ middle      | c      | 
+ middle      | p      | 
+ grandparent | q      | 
+(9 rows)
+
+drop table grandparent;
+-- Trigger renaming does not recurse on legacy inheritance
+create table parent (a int);
+create table child () inherits (parent);
+create trigger parenttrig after insert on parent
+for each row execute procedure f();
+create trigger parenttrig after insert on child
+for each row execute procedure f();
+alter trigger parenttrig on parent rename to anothertrig;
+\d+ child
+                                   Table "public.child"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
+Triggers:
+    parenttrig AFTER INSERT ON child FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION f()
+Inherits: parent
+
+drop table parent, child;
+drop function f();
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/truncate.out b/src/test/regress/expected/truncate.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e88e86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/truncate.out
@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+-- Test basic TRUNCATE functionality.
+CREATE TABLE truncate_a (col1 integer primary key);
+INSERT INTO truncate_a VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO truncate_a VALUES (2);
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+ col1 
+------
+    1
+    2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Roll truncate back
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE truncate_a;
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+ col1 
+------
+    1
+    2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Commit the truncate this time
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE truncate_a;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+ col1 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Test foreign-key checks
+CREATE TABLE trunc_b (a int REFERENCES truncate_a);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_c (a serial PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_d (a int REFERENCES trunc_c);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_e (a int REFERENCES truncate_a, b int REFERENCES trunc_c);
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a;		-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "trunc_b" references "truncate_a".
+HINT:  Truncate table "trunc_b" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a,trunc_b;		-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "trunc_e" references "truncate_a".
+HINT:  Truncate table "trunc_e" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a,trunc_b,trunc_e;	-- ok
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a,trunc_e;		-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "trunc_b" references "truncate_a".
+HINT:  Truncate table "trunc_b" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c;		-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "trunc_d" references "trunc_c".
+HINT:  Truncate table "trunc_d" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,trunc_d;		-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "trunc_e" references "trunc_c".
+HINT:  Truncate table "trunc_e" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,trunc_d,trunc_e;	-- ok
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,trunc_d,trunc_e,truncate_a;	-- fail
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "trunc_b" references "truncate_a".
+HINT:  Truncate table "trunc_b" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,trunc_d,trunc_e,truncate_a,trunc_b;	-- ok
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a RESTRICT; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "trunc_b" references "truncate_a".
+HINT:  Truncate table "trunc_b" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a CASCADE;  -- ok
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "trunc_b"
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "trunc_e"
+-- circular references
+ALTER TABLE truncate_a ADD FOREIGN KEY (col1) REFERENCES trunc_c;
+-- Add some data to verify that truncating actually works ...
+INSERT INTO trunc_c VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO truncate_a VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_b VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_d VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_e VALUES (1,1);
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c;
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "truncate_a" references "trunc_c".
+HINT:  Truncate table "truncate_a" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,truncate_a;
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "trunc_d" references "trunc_c".
+HINT:  Truncate table "trunc_d" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,truncate_a,trunc_d;
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "trunc_e" references "trunc_c".
+HINT:  Truncate table "trunc_e" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,truncate_a,trunc_d,trunc_e;
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "trunc_b" references "truncate_a".
+HINT:  Truncate table "trunc_b" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,truncate_a,trunc_d,trunc_e,trunc_b;
+-- Verify that truncating did actually work
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_c
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_b
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_d;
+ col1 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_e;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Add data again to test TRUNCATE ... CASCADE
+INSERT INTO trunc_c VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO truncate_a VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_b VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_d VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_e VALUES (1,1);
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c CASCADE;  -- ok
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "truncate_a"
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "trunc_d"
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "trunc_e"
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "trunc_b"
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_c
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_b
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_d;
+ col1 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_e;
+ a | b 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE truncate_a,trunc_c,trunc_b,trunc_d,trunc_e CASCADE;
+-- Test TRUNCATE with inheritance
+CREATE TABLE trunc_f (col1 integer primary key);
+INSERT INTO trunc_f VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_f VALUES (2);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_fa (col2a text) INHERITS (trunc_f);
+INSERT INTO trunc_fa VALUES (3, 'three');
+CREATE TABLE trunc_fb (col2b int) INHERITS (trunc_f);
+INSERT INTO trunc_fb VALUES (4, 444);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_faa (col3 text) INHERITS (trunc_fa);
+INSERT INTO trunc_faa VALUES (5, 'five', 'FIVE');
+BEGIN;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+ col1 
+------
+    1
+    2
+    3
+    4
+    5
+(5 rows)
+
+TRUNCATE trunc_f;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+ col1 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+ col1 
+------
+    1
+    2
+    3
+    4
+    5
+(5 rows)
+
+TRUNCATE ONLY trunc_f;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+ col1 
+------
+    3
+    4
+    5
+(3 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+ col1 
+------
+    1
+    2
+    3
+    4
+    5
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_fa;
+ col1 | col2a 
+------+-------
+    3 | three
+    5 | five
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_faa;
+ col1 | col2a | col3 
+------+-------+------
+    5 | five  | FIVE
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE ONLY trunc_fb, ONLY trunc_fa;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+ col1 
+------
+    1
+    2
+    5
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_fa;
+ col1 | col2a 
+------+-------
+    5 | five
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_faa;
+ col1 | col2a | col3 
+------+-------+------
+    5 | five  | FIVE
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+ col1 
+------
+    1
+    2
+    3
+    4
+    5
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_fa;
+ col1 | col2a 
+------+-------
+    3 | three
+    5 | five
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_faa;
+ col1 | col2a | col3 
+------+-------+------
+    5 | five  | FIVE
+(1 row)
+
+TRUNCATE ONLY trunc_fb, trunc_fa;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+ col1 
+------
+    1
+    2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_fa;
+ col1 | col2a 
+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_faa;
+ col1 | col2a | col3 
+------+-------+------
+(0 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TABLE trunc_f CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table trunc_fa
+drop cascades to table trunc_faa
+drop cascades to table trunc_fb
+-- Test ON TRUNCATE triggers
+CREATE TABLE trunc_trigger_test (f1 int, f2 text, f3 text);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_trigger_log (tgop text, tglevel text, tgwhen text,
+        tgargv text, tgtable name, rowcount bigint);
+CREATE FUNCTION trunctrigger() RETURNS trigger as $$
+declare c bigint;
+begin
+    execute 'select count(*) from ' || quote_ident(tg_table_name) into c;
+    insert into trunc_trigger_log values
+      (TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, TG_WHEN, TG_ARGV[0], tg_table_name, c);
+    return null;
+end;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+-- basic before trigger
+INSERT INTO trunc_trigger_test VALUES(1, 'foo', 'bar'), (2, 'baz', 'quux');
+CREATE TRIGGER t
+BEFORE TRUNCATE ON trunc_trigger_test
+FOR EACH STATEMENT
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trunctrigger('before trigger truncate');
+SELECT count(*) as "Row count in test table" FROM trunc_trigger_test;
+ Row count in test table 
+-------------------------
+                       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_trigger_log;
+ tgop | tglevel | tgwhen | tgargv | tgtable | rowcount 
+------+---------+--------+--------+---------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+TRUNCATE trunc_trigger_test;
+SELECT count(*) as "Row count in test table" FROM trunc_trigger_test;
+ Row count in test table 
+-------------------------
+                       0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_trigger_log;
+   tgop   |  tglevel  | tgwhen |         tgargv          |      tgtable       | rowcount 
+----------+-----------+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------
+ TRUNCATE | STATEMENT | BEFORE | before trigger truncate | trunc_trigger_test |        2
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TRIGGER t ON trunc_trigger_test;
+truncate trunc_trigger_log;
+-- same test with an after trigger
+INSERT INTO trunc_trigger_test VALUES(1, 'foo', 'bar'), (2, 'baz', 'quux');
+CREATE TRIGGER tt
+AFTER TRUNCATE ON trunc_trigger_test
+FOR EACH STATEMENT
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trunctrigger('after trigger truncate');
+SELECT count(*) as "Row count in test table" FROM trunc_trigger_test;
+ Row count in test table 
+-------------------------
+                       2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_trigger_log;
+ tgop | tglevel | tgwhen | tgargv | tgtable | rowcount 
+------+---------+--------+--------+---------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+TRUNCATE trunc_trigger_test;
+SELECT count(*) as "Row count in test table" FROM trunc_trigger_test;
+ Row count in test table 
+-------------------------
+                       0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM trunc_trigger_log;
+   tgop   |  tglevel  | tgwhen |         tgargv         |      tgtable       | rowcount 
+----------+-----------+--------+------------------------+--------------------+----------
+ TRUNCATE | STATEMENT | AFTER  | after trigger truncate | trunc_trigger_test |        0
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE trunc_trigger_test;
+DROP TABLE trunc_trigger_log;
+DROP FUNCTION trunctrigger();
+-- test TRUNCATE ... RESTART IDENTITY
+CREATE SEQUENCE truncate_a_id1 START WITH 33;
+CREATE TABLE truncate_a (id serial,
+                         id1 integer default nextval('truncate_a_id1'));
+ALTER SEQUENCE truncate_a_id1 OWNED BY truncate_a.id1;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+ id | id1 
+----+-----
+  1 |  33
+  2 |  34
+(2 rows)
+
+TRUNCATE truncate_a;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+ id | id1 
+----+-----
+  3 |  35
+  4 |  36
+(2 rows)
+
+TRUNCATE truncate_a RESTART IDENTITY;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+ id | id1 
+----+-----
+  1 |  33
+  2 |  34
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE truncate_b (id int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY (START WITH 44));
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_b;
+ id 
+----
+ 44
+ 45
+(2 rows)
+
+TRUNCATE truncate_b;
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_b;
+ id 
+----
+ 46
+ 47
+(2 rows)
+
+TRUNCATE truncate_b RESTART IDENTITY;
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_b;
+ id 
+----
+ 44
+ 45
+(2 rows)
+
+-- check rollback of a RESTART IDENTITY operation
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE truncate_a RESTART IDENTITY;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+ id | id1 
+----+-----
+  1 |  33
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+ id | id1 
+----+-----
+  1 |  33
+  2 |  34
+  3 |  35
+  4 |  36
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE truncate_a;
+SELECT nextval('truncate_a_id1'); -- fail, seq should have been dropped
+ERROR:  relation "truncate_a_id1" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT nextval('truncate_a_id1');
+                       ^
+-- partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE truncparted (a int, b char) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+-- error, can't truncate a partitioned table
+TRUNCATE ONLY truncparted;
+ERROR:  cannot truncate only a partitioned table
+HINT:  Do not specify the ONLY keyword, or use TRUNCATE ONLY on the partitions directly.
+CREATE TABLE truncparted1 PARTITION OF truncparted FOR VALUES IN (1);
+INSERT INTO truncparted VALUES (1, 'a');
+-- error, must truncate partitions
+TRUNCATE ONLY truncparted;
+ERROR:  cannot truncate only a partitioned table
+HINT:  Do not specify the ONLY keyword, or use TRUNCATE ONLY on the partitions directly.
+TRUNCATE truncparted;
+DROP TABLE truncparted;
+-- foreign key on partitioned table: partition key is referencing column.
+-- Make sure truncate did execute on all tables
+CREATE FUNCTION tp_ins_data() RETURNS void LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+  BEGIN
+	INSERT INTO truncprim VALUES (1), (100), (150);
+	INSERT INTO truncpart VALUES (1), (100), (150);
+  END
+$$;
+CREATE FUNCTION tp_chk_data(OUT pktb regclass, OUT pkval int, OUT fktb regclass, OUT fkval int)
+  RETURNS SETOF record LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN QUERY SELECT
+      pk.tableoid::regclass, pk.a, fk.tableoid::regclass, fk.a
+    FROM truncprim pk FULL JOIN truncpart fk USING (a)
+    ORDER BY 2, 4;
+  END
+$$;
+CREATE TABLE truncprim (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE truncpart (a int REFERENCES truncprim)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE truncpart_1 PARTITION OF truncpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100);
+CREATE TABLE truncpart_2 PARTITION OF truncpart FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE truncpart_2_1 PARTITION OF truncpart_2 FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (150);
+CREATE TABLE truncpart_2_d PARTITION OF truncpart_2 DEFAULT;
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncprim;	-- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot truncate a table referenced in a foreign key constraint
+DETAIL:  Table "truncpart" references "truncprim".
+HINT:  Truncate table "truncpart" at the same time, or use TRUNCATE ... CASCADE.
+select tp_ins_data();
+ tp_ins_data 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- should truncate everything
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncprim, truncpart;
+select * from tp_chk_data();
+ pktb | pkval | fktb | fkval 
+------+-------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+select tp_ins_data();
+ tp_ins_data 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- should truncate everything
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncprim CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "truncpart"
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "truncpart_1"
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "truncpart_2"
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "truncpart_2_1"
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "truncpart_2_d"
+SELECT * FROM tp_chk_data();
+ pktb | pkval | fktb | fkval 
+------+-------+------+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT tp_ins_data();
+ tp_ins_data 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- should truncate all partitions
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncpart;
+SELECT * FROM tp_chk_data();
+   pktb    | pkval | fktb | fkval 
+-----------+-------+------+-------
+ truncprim |     1 |      |      
+ truncprim |   100 |      |      
+ truncprim |   150 |      |      
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE truncprim, truncpart;
+DROP FUNCTION tp_ins_data(), tp_chk_data();
+-- test cascade when referencing a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a (a INT PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a1 PARTITION OF trunc_a FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a2 PARTITION OF trunc_a FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a21 PARTITION OF trunc_a2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (12);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a22 PARTITION OF trunc_a2 FOR VALUES FROM (12) TO (16);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a2d PARTITION OF trunc_a2 DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a3 PARTITION OF trunc_a FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+INSERT INTO trunc_a VALUES (0), (5), (10), (15), (20), (25);
+-- truncate a partition cascading to a table
+CREATE TABLE ref_b (
+    b INT PRIMARY KEY,
+    a INT REFERENCES trunc_a(a) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+INSERT INTO ref_b VALUES (10, 0), (50, 5), (100, 10), (150, 15);
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_a1 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "ref_b"
+SELECT a FROM ref_b;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE ref_b;
+-- truncate a partition cascading to a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE ref_c (
+    c INT PRIMARY KEY,
+    a INT REFERENCES trunc_a(a) ON DELETE CASCADE
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (c);
+CREATE TABLE ref_c1 PARTITION OF ref_c FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE TABLE ref_c2 PARTITION OF ref_c FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+INSERT INTO ref_c VALUES (100, 10), (150, 15), (200, 20), (250, 25);
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_a21 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "ref_c"
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "ref_c1"
+NOTICE:  truncate cascades to table "ref_c2"
+SELECT a as "from table ref_c" FROM ref_c;
+ from table ref_c 
+------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT a as "from table trunc_a" FROM trunc_a ORDER BY a;
+ from table trunc_a 
+--------------------
+                 15
+                 20
+                 25
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE trunc_a, ref_c;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tsdicts.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tsdicts.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c804293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tsdicts.out
@@ -0,0 +1,689 @@
+--Test text search dictionaries and configurations
+-- Test ISpell dictionary with ispell affix file
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY ispell (
+                        Template=ispell,
+                        DictFile=ispell_sample,
+                        AffFile=ispell_sample
+);
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'skies');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {sky}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'bookings');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'booking');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'foot');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {foot}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'foots');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {foot}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'rebookings');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'rebooking');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'rebook');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'unbookings');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'unbooking');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'unbook');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'footklubber');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {foot,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'footballklubber');
+                      ts_lexize                       
+------------------------------------------------------
+ {footballklubber,foot,ball,klubber,football,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'ballyklubber');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {ball,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'footballyklubber');
+      ts_lexize      
+---------------------
+ {foot,ball,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test ISpell dictionary with hunspell affix file
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell (
+                        Template=ispell,
+                        DictFile=ispell_sample,
+                        AffFile=hunspell_sample
+);
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'skies');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {sky}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'bookings');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'booking');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'foot');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {foot}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'foots');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {foot}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'rebookings');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'rebooking');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'rebook');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'unbookings');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'unbooking');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'unbook');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'footklubber');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {foot,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'footballklubber');
+                      ts_lexize                       
+------------------------------------------------------
+ {footballklubber,foot,ball,klubber,football,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'ballyklubber');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {ball,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'footballyklubber');
+      ts_lexize      
+---------------------
+ {foot,ball,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test ISpell dictionary with hunspell affix file with FLAG long parameter
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_long (
+                        Template=ispell,
+                        DictFile=hunspell_sample_long,
+                        AffFile=hunspell_sample_long
+);
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'skies');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {sky}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'bookings');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'booking');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'foot');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {foot}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'foots');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {foot}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'rebookings');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'rebooking');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'rebook');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'unbookings');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'unbooking');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'unbook');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'booked');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'footklubber');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {foot,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'footballklubber');
+                      ts_lexize                       
+------------------------------------------------------
+ {footballklubber,foot,ball,klubber,football,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'ballyklubber');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {ball,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'ballsklubber');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {ball,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'footballyklubber');
+      ts_lexize      
+---------------------
+ {foot,ball,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'ex-machina');
+   ts_lexize   
+---------------
+ {ex-,machina}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test ISpell dictionary with hunspell affix file with FLAG num parameter
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_num (
+                        Template=ispell,
+                        DictFile=hunspell_sample_num,
+                        AffFile=hunspell_sample_num
+);
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'skies');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {sky}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'sk');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {sky}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'bookings');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'booking');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'foot');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {foot}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'foots');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {foot}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'rebookings');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'rebooking');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {booking,book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'rebook');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'unbookings');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'unbooking');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'unbook');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'booked');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {book}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'footklubber');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {foot,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'footballklubber');
+                      ts_lexize                       
+------------------------------------------------------
+ {footballklubber,foot,ball,klubber,football,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'ballyklubber');
+   ts_lexize    
+----------------
+ {ball,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'footballyklubber');
+      ts_lexize      
+---------------------
+ {foot,ball,klubber}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test suitability of affix and dict files
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_err (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=ispell_sample,
+						AffFile=hunspell_sample_long
+);
+ERROR:  invalid affix alias "GJUS"
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_err (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=ispell_sample,
+						AffFile=hunspell_sample_num
+);
+ERROR:  invalid affix flag "SZ\"
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_invalid_1 (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=hunspell_sample_long,
+						AffFile=ispell_sample
+);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_invalid_2 (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=hunspell_sample_long,
+						AffFile=hunspell_sample_num
+);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_invalid_3 (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=hunspell_sample_num,
+						AffFile=ispell_sample
+);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_err (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=hunspell_sample_num,
+						AffFile=hunspell_sample_long
+);
+ERROR:  invalid affix alias "302,301,202,303"
+-- Synonym dictionary
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY synonym (
+						Template=synonym,
+						Synonyms=synonym_sample
+);
+SELECT ts_lexize('synonym', 'PoStGrEs');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {pgsql}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('synonym', 'Gogle');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {googl}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('synonym', 'indices');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {index}
+(1 row)
+
+-- test altering boolean parameters
+SELECT dictinitoption FROM pg_ts_dict WHERE dictname = 'synonym';
+       dictinitoption        
+-----------------------------
+ synonyms = 'synonym_sample'
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY synonym (CaseSensitive = 1);
+SELECT ts_lexize('synonym', 'PoStGrEs');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT dictinitoption FROM pg_ts_dict WHERE dictname = 'synonym';
+                 dictinitoption                 
+------------------------------------------------
+ synonyms = 'synonym_sample', casesensitive = 1
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY synonym (CaseSensitive = 2);  -- fail
+ERROR:  casesensitive requires a Boolean value
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY synonym (CaseSensitive = off);
+SELECT ts_lexize('synonym', 'PoStGrEs');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {pgsql}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT dictinitoption FROM pg_ts_dict WHERE dictname = 'synonym';
+                   dictinitoption                   
+----------------------------------------------------
+ synonyms = 'synonym_sample', casesensitive = 'off'
+(1 row)
+
+-- Create and simple test thesaurus dictionary
+-- More tests in configuration checks because ts_lexize()
+-- cannot pass more than one word to thesaurus.
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY thesaurus (
+                        Template=thesaurus,
+						DictFile=thesaurus_sample,
+						Dictionary=english_stem
+);
+SELECT ts_lexize('thesaurus', 'one');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {1}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test ispell dictionary in configuration
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION ispell_tst (
+						COPY=english
+);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION ispell_tst ALTER MAPPING FOR
+	word, numword, asciiword, hword, numhword, asciihword, hword_part, hword_numpart, hword_asciipart
+	WITH ispell, english_stem;
+SELECT to_tsvector('ispell_tst', 'Booking the skies after rebookings for footballklubber from a foot');
+                                            to_tsvector                                             
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'ball':7 'book':1,5 'booking':1,5 'foot':7,10 'football':7 'footballklubber':7 'klubber':7 'sky':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('ispell_tst', 'footballklubber');
+                                to_tsquery                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'footballklubber' | 'foot' & 'ball' & 'klubber' | 'football' & 'klubber'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('ispell_tst', 'footballyklubber:b & rebookings:A & sky');
+                               to_tsquery                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'foot':B & 'ball':B & 'klubber':B & ( 'booking':A | 'book':A ) & 'sky'
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test ispell dictionary with hunspell affix in configuration
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION hunspell_tst (
+						COPY=ispell_tst
+);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION hunspell_tst ALTER MAPPING
+	REPLACE ispell WITH hunspell;
+SELECT to_tsvector('hunspell_tst', 'Booking the skies after rebookings for footballklubber from a foot');
+                                            to_tsvector                                             
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'ball':7 'book':1,5 'booking':1,5 'foot':7,10 'football':7 'footballklubber':7 'klubber':7 'sky':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballklubber');
+                                to_tsquery                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'footballklubber' | 'foot' & 'ball' & 'klubber' | 'football' & 'klubber'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballyklubber:b & rebookings:A & sky');
+                               to_tsquery                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'foot':B & 'ball':B & 'klubber':B & ( 'booking':A | 'book':A ) & 'sky'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballyklubber:b <-> sky');
+                   to_tsquery                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ ( 'foot':B & 'ball':B & 'klubber':B ) <-> 'sky'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT phraseto_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballyklubber sky');
+             phraseto_tsquery              
+-------------------------------------------
+ ( 'foot' & 'ball' & 'klubber' ) <-> 'sky'
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test ispell dictionary with hunspell affix with FLAG long in configuration
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION hunspell_tst ALTER MAPPING
+	REPLACE hunspell WITH hunspell_long;
+SELECT to_tsvector('hunspell_tst', 'Booking the skies after rebookings for footballklubber from a foot');
+                                            to_tsvector                                             
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'ball':7 'book':1,5 'booking':1,5 'foot':7,10 'football':7 'footballklubber':7 'klubber':7 'sky':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballklubber');
+                                to_tsquery                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'footballklubber' | 'foot' & 'ball' & 'klubber' | 'football' & 'klubber'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballyklubber:b & rebookings:A & sky');
+                               to_tsquery                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'foot':B & 'ball':B & 'klubber':B & ( 'booking':A | 'book':A ) & 'sky'
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test ispell dictionary with hunspell affix with FLAG num in configuration
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION hunspell_tst ALTER MAPPING
+	REPLACE hunspell_long WITH hunspell_num;
+SELECT to_tsvector('hunspell_tst', 'Booking the skies after rebookings for footballklubber from a foot');
+                                            to_tsvector                                             
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'ball':7 'book':1,5 'booking':1,5 'foot':7,10 'football':7 'footballklubber':7 'klubber':7 'sky':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballklubber');
+                                to_tsquery                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'footballklubber' | 'foot' & 'ball' & 'klubber' | 'football' & 'klubber'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballyklubber:b & rebookings:A & sky');
+                               to_tsquery                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'foot':B & 'ball':B & 'klubber':B & ( 'booking':A | 'book':A ) & 'sky'
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test synonym dictionary in configuration
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION synonym_tst (
+						COPY=english
+);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION synonym_tst ALTER MAPPING FOR
+	asciiword, hword_asciipart, asciihword
+	WITH synonym, english_stem;
+SELECT to_tsvector('synonym_tst', 'Postgresql is often called as postgres or pgsql and pronounced as postgre');
+                    to_tsvector                    
+---------------------------------------------------
+ 'call':4 'often':3 'pgsql':1,6,8,12 'pronounc':10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('synonym_tst', 'Most common mistake is to write Gogle instead of Google');
+                       to_tsvector                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ 'common':2 'googl':7,10 'instead':8 'mistak':3 'write':6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('synonym_tst', 'Indexes or indices - Which is right plural form of index?');
+                 to_tsvector                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ 'form':8 'index':1,3,10 'plural':7 'right':6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('synonym_tst', 'Index & indices');
+     to_tsquery      
+---------------------
+ 'index' & 'index':*
+(1 row)
+
+-- test thesaurus in configuration
+-- see thesaurus_sample.ths to understand 'odd' resulting tsvector
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION thesaurus_tst (
+						COPY=synonym_tst
+);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION thesaurus_tst ALTER MAPPING FOR
+	asciiword, hword_asciipart, asciihword
+	WITH synonym, thesaurus, english_stem;
+SELECT to_tsvector('thesaurus_tst', 'one postgres one two one two three one');
+           to_tsvector            
+----------------------------------
+ '1':1,5 '12':3 '123':4 'pgsql':2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('thesaurus_tst', 'Supernovae star is very new star and usually called supernovae (abbreviation SN)');
+                         to_tsvector                          
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'abbrevi':10 'call':8 'new':4 'sn':1,9,11 'star':5 'usual':7
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('thesaurus_tst', 'Booking tickets is looking like a booking a tickets');
+                      to_tsvector                      
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ 'card':3,10 'invit':2,9 'like':6 'look':5 'order':1,8
+(1 row)
+
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY tsdict_case
+(
+	Template = ispell,
+	"DictFile" = ispell_sample,
+	"AffFile" = ispell_sample
+);
+ERROR:  unrecognized Ispell parameter: "DictFile"
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tsearch.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tsearch.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8511370
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tsearch.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2880 @@
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+--
+-- Sanity checks for text search catalogs
+--
+-- NB: we assume the oidjoins test will have caught any dangling links,
+-- that is OID or REGPROC fields that are not zero and do not match some
+-- row in the linked-to table.  However, if we want to enforce that a link
+-- field can't be 0, we have to check it here.
+-- Find unexpected zero link entries
+SELECT oid, prsname
+FROM pg_ts_parser
+WHERE prsnamespace = 0 OR prsstart = 0 OR prstoken = 0 OR prsend = 0 OR
+      -- prsheadline is optional
+      prslextype = 0;
+ oid | prsname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT oid, dictname
+FROM pg_ts_dict
+WHERE dictnamespace = 0 OR dictowner = 0 OR dicttemplate = 0;
+ oid | dictname 
+-----+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT oid, tmplname
+FROM pg_ts_template
+WHERE tmplnamespace = 0 OR tmpllexize = 0;  -- tmplinit is optional
+ oid | tmplname 
+-----+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT oid, cfgname
+FROM pg_ts_config
+WHERE cfgnamespace = 0 OR cfgowner = 0 OR cfgparser = 0;
+ oid | cfgname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT mapcfg, maptokentype, mapseqno
+FROM pg_ts_config_map
+WHERE mapcfg = 0 OR mapdict = 0;
+ mapcfg | maptokentype | mapseqno 
+--------+--------------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for pg_ts_config_map entries that aren't one of parser's token types
+SELECT * FROM
+  ( SELECT oid AS cfgid, (ts_token_type(cfgparser)).tokid AS tokid
+    FROM pg_ts_config ) AS tt
+RIGHT JOIN pg_ts_config_map AS m
+    ON (tt.cfgid=m.mapcfg AND tt.tokid=m.maptokentype)
+WHERE
+    tt.cfgid IS NULL OR tt.tokid IS NULL;
+ cfgid | tokid | mapcfg | maptokentype | mapseqno | mapdict 
+-------+-------+--------+--------------+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Load some test data
+CREATE TABLE test_tsvector(
+	t text,
+	a tsvector
+);
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/tsearch.data'
+COPY test_tsvector FROM :'filename';
+ANALYZE test_tsvector;
+-- test basic text search behavior without indexes, then with
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+ count 
+-------
+    17
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+ count 
+-------
+    98
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    23
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    39
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+ count 
+-------
+   494
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+ count 
+-------
+   432
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+    56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+    58
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+   452
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+   450
+(1 row)
+
+create index wowidx on test_tsvector using gist (a);
+SET enable_seqscan=OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan=ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan=OFF;
+explain (costs off) SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Index Scan using wowidx on test_tsvector
+         Index Cond: (a @@ '''wr'' | ''qh'''::tsquery)
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+ count 
+-------
+    17
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+ count 
+-------
+    98
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    23
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    39
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+ count 
+-------
+   494
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+ count 
+-------
+   432
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+    56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+    58
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+   452
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+   450
+(1 row)
+
+SET enable_indexscan=OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan=ON;
+explain (costs off) SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on test_tsvector
+         Recheck Cond: (a @@ '''wr'' | ''qh'''::tsquery)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on wowidx
+               Index Cond: (a @@ '''wr'' | ''qh'''::tsquery)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+ count 
+-------
+    17
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+ count 
+-------
+    98
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    23
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    39
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+ count 
+-------
+   494
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+ count 
+-------
+   432
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+    56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+    58
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+   452
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+   450
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test siglen parameter of GiST tsvector_ops
+CREATE INDEX wowidx1 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(foo=1));
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "foo"
+CREATE INDEX wowidx1 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=0));
+ERROR:  value 0 out of bounds for option "siglen"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "1" and "2024".
+CREATE INDEX wowidx1 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=2048));
+ERROR:  value 2048 out of bounds for option "siglen"
+DETAIL:  Valid values are between "1" and "2024".
+CREATE INDEX wowidx1 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=100,foo='bar'));
+ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "foo"
+CREATE INDEX wowidx1 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=100, siglen = 200));
+ERROR:  parameter "siglen" specified more than once
+CREATE INDEX wowidx2 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=1));
+\d test_tsvector
+            Table "public.test_tsvector"
+ Column |   Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+----------+-----------+----------+---------
+ t      | text     |           |          | 
+ a      | tsvector |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "wowidx" gist (a)
+    "wowidx2" gist (a tsvector_ops (siglen='1'))
+
+DROP INDEX wowidx;
+EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on test_tsvector
+         Recheck Cond: (a @@ '''wr'' | ''qh'''::tsquery)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on wowidx2
+               Index Cond: (a @@ '''wr'' | ''qh'''::tsquery)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+ count 
+-------
+    17
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+ count 
+-------
+    98
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    23
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    39
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+ count 
+-------
+   494
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+ count 
+-------
+   432
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+    56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+    58
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+   452
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+   450
+(1 row)
+
+DROP INDEX wowidx2;
+CREATE INDEX wowidx ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=484));
+\d test_tsvector
+            Table "public.test_tsvector"
+ Column |   Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+----------+-----------+----------+---------
+ t      | text     |           |          | 
+ a      | tsvector |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "wowidx" gist (a tsvector_ops (siglen='484'))
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on test_tsvector
+         Recheck Cond: (a @@ '''wr'' | ''qh'''::tsquery)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on wowidx
+               Index Cond: (a @@ '''wr'' | ''qh'''::tsquery)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+ count 
+-------
+    17
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+ count 
+-------
+    98
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    23
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    39
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+ count 
+-------
+   494
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+ count 
+-------
+   432
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+    56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+    58
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+   452
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+   450
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+DROP INDEX wowidx;
+CREATE INDEX wowidx ON test_tsvector USING gin (a);
+SET enable_seqscan=OFF;
+-- GIN only supports bitmapscan, so no need to test plain indexscan
+explain (costs off) SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on test_tsvector
+         Recheck Cond: (a @@ '''wr'' | ''qh'''::tsquery)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on wowidx
+               Index Cond: (a @@ '''wr'' | ''qh'''::tsquery)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+ count 
+-------
+    17
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+ count 
+-------
+    98
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    23
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+ count 
+-------
+    39
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+ count 
+-------
+   494
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+ count 
+-------
+   158
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+ count 
+-------
+   432
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+ count 
+-------
+     6
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+ count 
+-------
+   508
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+ count 
+-------
+   507
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+    56
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+    58
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+ count 
+-------
+   452
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+ count 
+-------
+   450
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test optimization of non-empty GIN_SEARCH_MODE_ALL queries
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qh';
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on test_tsvector
+         Recheck Cond: (a @@ '!''qh'''::tsquery)
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on wowidx
+               Index Cond: (a @@ '!''qh'''::tsquery)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qh';
+ count 
+-------
+   410
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr' AND a @@ '!qh';
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on test_tsvector
+         Recheck Cond: ((a @@ '''wr'''::tsquery) AND (a @@ '!''qh'''::tsquery))
+         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on wowidx
+               Index Cond: ((a @@ '''wr'''::tsquery) AND (a @@ '!''qh'''::tsquery))
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr' AND a @@ '!qh';
+ count 
+-------
+    60
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+INSERT INTO test_tsvector VALUES ('???', 'DFG:1A,2B,6C,10 FGH');
+SELECT * FROM ts_stat('SELECT a FROM test_tsvector') ORDER BY ndoc DESC, nentry DESC, word LIMIT 10;
+ word | ndoc | nentry 
+------+------+--------
+ qq   |  108 |    108
+ qt   |  102 |    102
+ qe   |  100 |    101
+ qh   |   98 |     99
+ qw   |   98 |     98
+ qa   |   97 |     97
+ ql   |   94 |     94
+ qs   |   94 |     94
+ qr   |   92 |     93
+ qi   |   92 |     92
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM ts_stat('SELECT a FROM test_tsvector', 'AB') ORDER BY ndoc DESC, nentry DESC, word;
+ word | ndoc | nentry 
+------+------+--------
+ DFG  |    1 |      2
+(1 row)
+
+--dictionaries and to_tsvector
+SELECT ts_lexize('english_stem', 'skies');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {sky}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('english_stem', 'identity');
+ ts_lexize 
+-----------
+ {ident}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM ts_token_type('default');
+ tokid |      alias      |               description                
+-------+-----------------+------------------------------------------
+     1 | asciiword       | Word, all ASCII
+     2 | word            | Word, all letters
+     3 | numword         | Word, letters and digits
+     4 | email           | Email address
+     5 | url             | URL
+     6 | host            | Host
+     7 | sfloat          | Scientific notation
+     8 | version         | Version number
+     9 | hword_numpart   | Hyphenated word part, letters and digits
+    10 | hword_part      | Hyphenated word part, all letters
+    11 | hword_asciipart | Hyphenated word part, all ASCII
+    12 | blank           | Space symbols
+    13 | tag             | XML tag
+    14 | protocol        | Protocol head
+    15 | numhword        | Hyphenated word, letters and digits
+    16 | asciihword      | Hyphenated word, all ASCII
+    17 | hword           | Hyphenated word, all letters
+    18 | url_path        | URL path
+    19 | file            | File or path name
+    20 | float           | Decimal notation
+    21 | int             | Signed integer
+    22 | uint            | Unsigned integer
+    23 | entity          | XML entity
+(23 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM ts_parse('default', '345 qwe@efd.r '' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?  ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net teodor@123-stack.net 123_teodor@stack.net 123-teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
+/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
+<i <b> wow  < jqw <> qwerty');
+ tokid |                token                 
+-------+--------------------------------------
+    22 | 345
+    12 |  
+     1 | qwe
+    12 | @
+    19 | efd.r
+    12 |  ' 
+    14 | http://
+     6 | www.com
+    12 | / 
+    14 | http://
+     5 | aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw
+     6 | aew.werc.ewr
+    18 | /?ad=qwe&dw
+    12 |  
+     5 | 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw
+     6 | 1aew.werc.ewr
+    18 | /?ad=qwe&dw
+    12 |  
+     6 | 2aew.werc.ewr
+    12 |  
+    14 | http://
+     5 | 3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw
+     6 | 3aew.werc.ewr
+    18 | /?ad=qwe&dw
+    12 |  
+    14 | http://
+     6 | 4aew.werc.ewr
+    12 |  
+    14 | http://
+     5 | 5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?
+     6 | 5aew.werc.ewr:8100
+    18 | /?
+    12 |   
+     1 | ad
+    12 | =
+     1 | qwe
+    12 | &
+     1 | dw
+    12 |  
+     5 | 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw
+     6 | 6aew.werc.ewr:8100
+    18 | /?ad=qwe&dw
+    12 |  
+     5 | 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32
+     6 | 7aew.werc.ewr:8100
+    18 | /?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32
+    12 |  
+     7 | +4.0e-10
+    12 |  
+     1 | qwe
+    12 |  
+     1 | qwe
+    12 |  
+     1 | qwqwe
+    12 |  
+    20 | 234.435
+    12 |  
+    22 | 455
+    12 |  
+    20 | 5.005
+    12 |  
+     4 | teodor@stack.net
+    12 |  
+     4 | teodor@123-stack.net
+    12 |  
+     4 | 123_teodor@stack.net
+    12 |  
+     4 | 123-teodor@stack.net
+    12 |  
+    16 | qwe-wer
+    11 | qwe
+    12 | -
+    11 | wer
+    12 |  
+     1 | asdf
+    12 |  
+    13 | <fr>
+     1 | qwer
+    12 |  
+     1 | jf
+    12 |  
+     1 | sdjk
+    12 | <
+     1 | we
+    12 |  
+     1 | hjwer
+    12 |  
+    13 | <werrwe>
+    12 |  
+     3 | ewr1
+    12 | > 
+     3 | ewri2
+    12 |  
+    13 | <a href="qwe<qwe>">
+    12 |                                     +
+       | 
+    19 | /usr/local/fff
+    12 |  
+    19 | /awdf/dwqe/4325
+    12 |  
+    19 | rewt/ewr
+    12 |  
+     1 | wefjn
+    12 |  
+    19 | /wqe-324/ewr
+    12 |  
+    19 | gist.h
+    12 |  
+    19 | gist.h.c
+    12 |  
+    19 | gist.c
+    12 | . 
+     1 | readline
+    12 |  
+    20 | 4.2
+    12 |  
+    20 | 4.2
+    12 | . 
+    20 | 4.2
+    12 | , 
+     1 | readline
+    20 | -4.2
+    12 |  
+     1 | readline
+    20 | -4.2
+    12 | . 
+    22 | 234
+    12 |                                     +
+       | 
+    12 | <
+     1 | i
+    12 |  
+    13 | <b>
+    12 |  
+     1 | wow
+    12 |   
+    12 | < 
+     1 | jqw
+    12 |  
+    12 | <> 
+     1 | qwerty
+(139 rows)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('english', '345 qwe@efd.r '' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?  ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net teodor@123-stack.net 123_teodor@stack.net 123-teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
+/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
+<i <b> wow  < jqw <> qwerty');
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              to_tsvector                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ '+4.0e-10':28 '-4.2':63,65 '/?':18 '/?ad=qwe&dw':7,10,14,24 '/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32':27 '/awdf/dwqe/4325':51 '/usr/local/fff':50 '/wqe-324/ewr':54 '123-teodor@stack.net':38 '123_teodor@stack.net':37 '1aew.werc.ewr':9 '1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw':8 '234':66 '234.435':32 '2aew.werc.ewr':11 '345':1 '3aew.werc.ewr':13 '3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw':12 '4.2':59,60,61 '455':33 '4aew.werc.ewr':15 '5.005':34 '5aew.werc.ewr:8100':17 '5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?':16 '6aew.werc.ewr:8100':23 '6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw':22 '7aew.werc.ewr:8100':26 '7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32':25 'ad':19 'aew.werc.ewr':6 'aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw':5 'asdf':42 'dw':21 'efd.r':3 'ewr1':48 'ewri2':49 'gist.c':57 'gist.h':55 'gist.h.c':56 'hjwer':47 'jf':44 'jqw':69 'qwe':2,20,29,30,40 'qwe-wer':39 'qwer':43 'qwerti':70 'qwqwe':31 'readlin':58,62,64 'rewt/ewr':52 'sdjk':45 'teodor@123-stack.net':36 'teodor@stack.net':35 'wefjn':53 'wer':41 'wow':68 'www.com':4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT length(to_tsvector('english', '345 qwe@efd.r '' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?  ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net teodor@123-stack.net 123_teodor@stack.net 123-teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
+/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
+<i <b> wow  < jqw <> qwerty'));
+ length 
+--------
+     56
+(1 row)
+
+-- ts_debug
+SELECT * from ts_debug('english', '<myns:foo-bar_baz.blurfl>abc&nm1;def&#xa9;ghi&#245;jkl</myns:foo-bar_baz.blurfl>');
+   alias   |   description   |           token            |  dictionaries  |  dictionary  | lexemes 
+-----------+-----------------+----------------------------+----------------+--------------+---------
+ tag       | XML tag         | <myns:foo-bar_baz.blurfl>  | {}             |              | 
+ asciiword | Word, all ASCII | abc                        | {english_stem} | english_stem | {abc}
+ entity    | XML entity      | &nm1;                      | {}             |              | 
+ asciiword | Word, all ASCII | def                        | {english_stem} | english_stem | {def}
+ entity    | XML entity      | &#xa9;                     | {}             |              | 
+ asciiword | Word, all ASCII | ghi                        | {english_stem} | english_stem | {ghi}
+ entity    | XML entity      | &#245;                     | {}             |              | 
+ asciiword | Word, all ASCII | jkl                        | {english_stem} | english_stem | {jkl}
+ tag       | XML tag         | </myns:foo-bar_baz.blurfl> | {}             |              | 
+(9 rows)
+
+-- check parsing of URLs
+SELECT * from ts_debug('english', 'http://www.harewoodsolutions.co.uk/press.aspx</span>');
+  alias   |  description  |                 token                  | dictionaries | dictionary |                 lexemes                  
+----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+--------------+------------+------------------------------------------
+ protocol | Protocol head | http://                                | {}           |            | 
+ url      | URL           | www.harewoodsolutions.co.uk/press.aspx | {simple}     | simple     | {www.harewoodsolutions.co.uk/press.aspx}
+ host     | Host          | www.harewoodsolutions.co.uk            | {simple}     | simple     | {www.harewoodsolutions.co.uk}
+ url_path | URL path      | /press.aspx                            | {simple}     | simple     | {/press.aspx}
+ tag      | XML tag       | </span>                                | {}           |            | 
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * from ts_debug('english', 'http://aew.wer0c.ewr/id?ad=qwe&dw<span>');
+  alias   |  description  |           token            | dictionaries | dictionary |           lexemes            
+----------+---------------+----------------------------+--------------+------------+------------------------------
+ protocol | Protocol head | http://                    | {}           |            | 
+ url      | URL           | aew.wer0c.ewr/id?ad=qwe&dw | {simple}     | simple     | {aew.wer0c.ewr/id?ad=qwe&dw}
+ host     | Host          | aew.wer0c.ewr              | {simple}     | simple     | {aew.wer0c.ewr}
+ url_path | URL path      | /id?ad=qwe&dw              | {simple}     | simple     | {/id?ad=qwe&dw}
+ tag      | XML tag       | <span>                     | {}           |            | 
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * from ts_debug('english', 'http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?');
+  alias   |  description  |        token         | dictionaries | dictionary |        lexemes         
+----------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+------------+------------------------
+ protocol | Protocol head | http://              | {}           |            | 
+ url      | URL           | 5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? | {simple}     | simple     | {5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?}
+ host     | Host          | 5aew.werc.ewr:8100   | {simple}     | simple     | {5aew.werc.ewr:8100}
+ url_path | URL path      | /?                   | {simple}     | simple     | {/?}
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * from ts_debug('english', '5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?xx');
+  alias   | description |         token          | dictionaries | dictionary |         lexemes          
+----------+-------------+------------------------+--------------+------------+--------------------------
+ url      | URL         | 5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?xx | {simple}     | simple     | {5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?xx}
+ host     | Host        | 5aew.werc.ewr:8100     | {simple}     | simple     | {5aew.werc.ewr:8100}
+ url_path | URL path    | /?xx                   | {simple}     | simple     | {/?xx}
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT token, alias,
+  dictionaries, dictionaries is null as dnull, array_dims(dictionaries) as ddims,
+  lexemes, lexemes is null as lnull, array_dims(lexemes) as ldims
+from ts_debug('english', 'a title');
+ token |   alias   |  dictionaries  | dnull | ddims | lexemes | lnull | ldims 
+-------+-----------+----------------+-------+-------+---------+-------+-------
+ a     | asciiword | {english_stem} | f     | [1:1] | {}      | f     | 
+       | blank     | {}             | f     |       |         | t     | 
+ title | asciiword | {english_stem} | f     | [1:1] | {titl}  | f     | [1:1]
+(3 rows)
+
+-- to_tsquery
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'qwe & sKies ');
+  to_tsquery   
+---------------
+ 'qwe' & 'sky'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('simple', 'qwe & sKies ');
+   to_tsquery    
+-----------------
+ 'qwe' & 'skies'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '''the wether'':dc & ''           sKies '':BC ');
+       to_tsquery       
+------------------------
+ 'wether':CD & 'sky':BC
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'asd&(and|fghj)');
+   to_tsquery   
+----------------
+ 'asd' & 'fghj'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(asd&and)|fghj');
+   to_tsquery   
+----------------
+ 'asd' | 'fghj'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(asd&!and)|fghj');
+   to_tsquery   
+----------------
+ 'asd' | 'fghj'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(the|and&(i&1))&fghj');
+  to_tsquery  
+--------------
+ '1' & 'fghj'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'the and z 1))& fghj');
+  plainto_tsquery   
+--------------------
+ 'z' & '1' & 'fghj'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'foo bar') && plainto_tsquery('english', 'asd');
+       ?column?        
+-----------------------
+ 'foo' & 'bar' & 'asd'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'foo bar') || plainto_tsquery('english', 'asd fg');
+           ?column?           
+------------------------------
+ 'foo' & 'bar' | 'asd' & 'fg'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'foo bar') || !!plainto_tsquery('english', 'asd fg');
+             ?column?              
+-----------------------------------
+ 'foo' & 'bar' | !( 'asd' & 'fg' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'foo bar') && 'asd | fg';
+             ?column?             
+----------------------------------
+ 'foo' & 'bar' & ( 'asd' | 'fg' )
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check stop word deletion, a and s are stop-words
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '!(a & !b) & c');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ !!'b' & 'c'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '!(a & !b)');
+ to_tsquery 
+------------
+ !!'b'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <-> 2) <-> a');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <-> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <-> a) <-> 2');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <2> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(a <-> 1) <-> 2');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <-> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'a <-> (1 <-> 2)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <-> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <-> (a <-> 2)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <2> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <-> (2 <-> a)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <-> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <-> 2) <3> a');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <-> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <-> a) <3> 2');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <4> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(a <-> 1) <3> 2');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <3> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'a <3> (1 <-> 2)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <-> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <3> (a <-> 2)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <4> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <3> (2 <-> a)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <3> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <3> 2) <-> a');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <3> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <3> a) <-> 2');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <4> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(a <3> 1) <-> 2');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <-> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'a <-> (1 <3> 2)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <3> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <-> (a <3> 2)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <4> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <-> (2 <3> a)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <-> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '((a <-> 1) <-> 2) <-> s');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <-> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(2 <-> (a <-> 1)) <-> s');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '2' <2> '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '((1 <-> a) <-> 2) <-> s');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <2> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(2 <-> (1 <-> a)) <-> s');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '2' <-> '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 's <-> ((a <-> 1) <-> 2)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <-> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 's <-> (2 <-> (a <-> 1))');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '2' <2> '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 's <-> ((1 <-> a) <-> 2)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <2> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 's <-> (2 <-> (1 <-> a))');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '2' <-> '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '((a <-> 1) <-> s) <-> 2');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <2> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(s <-> (a <-> 1)) <-> 2');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <-> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '((1 <-> a) <-> s) <-> 2');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <3> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(s <-> (1 <-> a)) <-> 2');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '1' <2> '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '2 <-> ((a <-> 1) <-> s)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '2' <2> '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '2 <-> (s <-> (a <-> 1))');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '2' <3> '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '2 <-> ((1 <-> a) <-> s)');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '2' <-> '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '2 <-> (s <-> (1 <-> a))');
+ to_tsquery  
+-------------
+ '2' <2> '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'foo <-> (a <-> (the <-> bar))');
+   to_tsquery    
+-----------------
+ 'foo' <3> 'bar'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '((foo <-> a) <-> the) <-> bar');
+   to_tsquery    
+-----------------
+ 'foo' <3> 'bar'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'foo <-> a <-> the <-> bar');
+   to_tsquery    
+-----------------
+ 'foo' <3> 'bar'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT phraseto_tsquery('english', 'PostgreSQL can be extended by the user in many ways');
+                     phraseto_tsquery                      
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ 'postgresql' <3> 'extend' <3> 'user' <2> 'mani' <-> 'way'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(to_tsvector('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+'), to_tsquery('english', 'paint&water'));
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+       0.05
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(to_tsvector('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+'), to_tsquery('english', 'breath&motion&water'));
+ ts_rank_cd  
+-------------
+ 0.008333334
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(to_tsvector('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+'), to_tsquery('english', 'ocean'));
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(to_tsvector('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+'), to_tsquery('english', 'painted <-> Ship'));
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(strip(to_tsvector('both stripped')),
+                  to_tsquery('both & stripped'));
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+          0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(to_tsvector('unstripped') || strip(to_tsvector('stripped')),
+                  to_tsquery('unstripped & stripped'));
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+          0
+(1 row)
+
+--headline tests
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'paint&water'));
+               ts_headline               
+-----------------------------------------
+ <b>painted</b> Ocean.                  +
+ <b>Water</b>, <b>water</b>, every where+
+   And all the boards did shrink;       +
+ <b>Water</b>, <b>water</b>, every
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'breath&motion&water'));
+           ts_headline            
+----------------------------------
+ <b>breath</b> nor <b>motion</b>,+
+ As idle as a painted Ship       +
+   Upon a painted Ocean.         +
+ <b>Water</b>, <b>water</b>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'ocean'));
+           ts_headline            
+----------------------------------
+ <b>Ocean</b>.                   +
+ Water, water, every where       +
+   And all the boards did shrink;+
+ Water, water, every where
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', phraseto_tsquery('english', 'painted Ocean'));
+              ts_headline              
+---------------------------------------
+ <b>painted</b> Ship                  +
+   Upon a <b>painted</b> <b>Ocean</b>.+
+ Water, water, every where            +
+   And all the boards did shrink
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', phraseto_tsquery('english', 'idle as a painted Ship'));
+                 ts_headline                 
+---------------------------------------------
+ <b>idle</b> as a <b>painted</b> <b>Ship</b>+
+   Upon a <b>painted</b> Ocean.             +
+ Water, water, every where                  +
+   And all the boards
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english',
+'Lorem ipsum urna.  Nullam nullam ullamcorper urna.',
+to_tsquery('english','Lorem') && phraseto_tsquery('english','ullamcorper urna'),
+'MaxWords=100, MinWords=1');
+                                  ts_headline                                  
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <b>Lorem</b> ipsum <b>urna</b>.  Nullam nullam <b>ullamcorper</b> <b>urna</b>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+<html>
+<!-- some comment -->
+<body>
+Sea view wow <u>foo bar</u> <i>qq</i>
+<a href="http://www.google.com/foo.bar.html" target="_blank">YES &nbsp;</a>
+ff-bg
+<script>
+       document.write(15);
+</script>
+</body>
+</html>',
+to_tsquery('english', 'sea&foo'), 'HighlightAll=true');
+                                 ts_headline                                 
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+                                                                            +
+ <html>                                                                     +
+ <!-- some comment -->                                                      +
+ <body>                                                                     +
+ <b>Sea</b> view wow <u><b>foo</b> bar</u> <i>qq</i>                        +
+ <a href="http://www.google.com/foo.bar.html" target="_blank">YES &nbsp;</a>+
+ ff-bg                                                                      +
+ <script>                                                                   +
+        document.write(15);                                                 +
+ </script>                                                                  +
+ </body>                                                                    +
+ </html>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_headline('simple', '1 2 3 1 3'::text, '1 <-> 3', 'MaxWords=2, MinWords=1');
+    ts_headline    
+-------------------
+ <b>1</b> <b>3</b>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_headline('simple', '1 2 3 1 3'::text, '1 & 3', 'MaxWords=4, MinWords=1');
+     ts_headline     
+---------------------
+ <b>1</b> 2 <b>3</b>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_headline('simple', '1 2 3 1 3'::text, '1 <-> 3', 'MaxWords=4, MinWords=1');
+        ts_headline         
+----------------------------
+ <b>3</b> <b>1</b> <b>3</b>
+(1 row)
+
+--Check if headline fragments work
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'ocean'), 'MaxFragments=1');
+            ts_headline             
+------------------------------------
+ after day,                        +
+   We stuck, nor breath nor motion,+
+ As idle as a painted Ship         +
+   Upon a painted <b>Ocean</b>.    +
+ Water, water, every where         +
+   And all the boards did shrink;  +
+ Water, water, every where,        +
+   Nor any drop
+(1 row)
+
+--Check if more than one fragments are displayed
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'Coleridge & stuck'), 'MaxFragments=2');
+                 ts_headline                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ after day, day after day,                   +
+   We <b>stuck</b>, nor breath nor motion,   +
+ As idle as a painted Ship                   +
+   Upon a painted Ocean.                     +
+ Water, water, every where                   +
+   And all the boards did shrink;            +
+ Water, water, every where ... drop to drink.+
+ S. T. <b>Coleridge</b>
+(1 row)
+
+--Fragments when there all query words are not in the document
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'ocean & seahorse'), 'MaxFragments=1');
+            ts_headline             
+------------------------------------
+                                   +
+ Day after day, day after day,     +
+   We stuck, nor breath nor motion,+
+ As idle as
+(1 row)
+
+--FragmentDelimiter option
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'Coleridge & stuck'), 'MaxFragments=2,FragmentDelimiter=***');
+                ts_headline                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ after day, day after day,                 +
+   We <b>stuck</b>, nor breath nor motion, +
+ As idle as a painted Ship                 +
+   Upon a painted Ocean.                   +
+ Water, water, every where                 +
+   And all the boards did shrink;          +
+ Water, water, every where***drop to drink.+
+ S. T. <b>Coleridge</b>
+(1 row)
+
+--Fragments with phrase search
+SELECT ts_headline('english',
+'Lorem ipsum urna.  Nullam nullam ullamcorper urna.',
+to_tsquery('english','Lorem') && phraseto_tsquery('english','ullamcorper urna'),
+'MaxFragments=100, MaxWords=100, MinWords=1');
+                                  ts_headline                                  
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <b>Lorem</b> ipsum <b>urna</b>.  Nullam nullam <b>ullamcorper</b> <b>urna</b>
+(1 row)
+
+-- Edge cases with empty query
+SELECT ts_headline('english',
+'', to_tsquery('english', ''));
+NOTICE:  text-search query doesn't contain lexemes: ""
+ ts_headline 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english',
+'foo bar', to_tsquery('english', ''));
+NOTICE:  text-search query doesn't contain lexemes: ""
+ ts_headline 
+-------------
+ foo bar
+(1 row)
+
+--Rewrite sub system
+CREATE TABLE test_tsquery (txtkeyword TEXT, txtsample TEXT);
+\set ECHO none
+ALTER TABLE test_tsquery ADD COLUMN keyword tsquery;
+UPDATE test_tsquery SET keyword = to_tsquery('english', txtkeyword);
+ALTER TABLE test_tsquery ADD COLUMN sample tsquery;
+UPDATE test_tsquery SET sample = to_tsquery('english', txtsample::text);
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <  'new <-> york';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <= 'new <-> york';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword = 'new <-> york';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword >= 'new <-> york';
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword >  'new <-> york';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX bt_tsq ON test_tsquery (keyword);
+SET enable_seqscan=OFF;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <  'new <-> york';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <= 'new <-> york';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword = 'new <-> york';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword >= 'new <-> york';
+ count 
+-------
+     4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword >  'new <-> york';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+SELECT ts_rewrite('foo & bar & qq & new & york',  'new & york'::tsquery, 'big & apple | nyc | new & york & city');
+                                  ts_rewrite                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'foo' & 'bar' & 'qq' & ( 'city' & 'new' & 'york' | 'nyc' | 'big' & 'apple' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite(ts_rewrite('new & !york ', 'york', '!jersey'),
+                  'jersey', 'mexico');
+     ts_rewrite     
+--------------------
+ 'new' & !!'mexico'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite('moscow', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+     ts_rewrite      
+---------------------
+ 'moskva' | 'moscow'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite('moscow & hotel', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+            ts_rewrite             
+-----------------------------------
+ 'hotel' & ( 'moskva' | 'moscow' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite('bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+                                     ts_rewrite                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'citi' & 'foo' & ( 'bar' | 'qq' ) & ( 'nyc' | 'big' <-> 'appl' | 'new' <-> 'york' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( 'moscow', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery');
+     ts_rewrite      
+---------------------
+ 'moskva' | 'moscow'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( 'moscow & hotel', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery');
+            ts_rewrite             
+-----------------------------------
+ 'hotel' & ( 'moskva' | 'moscow' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( 'bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery');
+                                     ts_rewrite                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'citi' & 'foo' & ( 'bar' | 'qq' ) & ( 'nyc' | 'big' <-> 'appl' | 'new' <-> 'york' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite('1 & (2 <-> 3)', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+ ts_rewrite  
+-------------
+ '2' <-> '4'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite('1 & (2 <2> 3)', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+    ts_rewrite     
+-------------------
+ '1' & '2' <2> '3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite('5 <-> (1 & (2 <-> 3))', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+       ts_rewrite        
+-------------------------
+ '5' <-> ( '2' <-> '4' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite('5 <-> (6 | 8)', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+      ts_rewrite       
+-----------------------
+ '5' <-> ( '6' | '8' )
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check empty substitution
+SELECT ts_rewrite(to_tsquery('5 & (6 | 5)'), to_tsquery('5'), to_tsquery(''));
+NOTICE:  text-search query doesn't contain lexemes: ""
+ ts_rewrite 
+------------
+ '6'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite(to_tsquery('!5'), to_tsquery('5'), to_tsquery(''));
+NOTICE:  text-search query doesn't contain lexemes: ""
+ ts_rewrite 
+------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword @> 'new';
+     keyword      
+------------------
+ 'new' <-> 'york'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword @> 'moscow';
+ keyword  
+----------
+ 'moscow'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <@ 'new';
+ keyword 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <@ 'moscow';
+ keyword  
+----------
+ 'moscow'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow') AS query;
+     ts_rewrite      
+---------------------
+ 'moskva' | 'moscow'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow & hotel') AS query;
+            ts_rewrite             
+-----------------------------------
+ 'hotel' & ( 'moskva' | 'moscow' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)') AS query;
+                                     ts_rewrite                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'citi' & 'foo' & ( 'bar' | 'qq' ) & ( 'nyc' | 'big' <-> 'appl' | 'new' <-> 'york' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow') AS query;
+     ts_rewrite      
+---------------------
+ 'moskva' | 'moscow'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow & hotel') AS query;
+            ts_rewrite             
+-----------------------------------
+ 'hotel' & ( 'moskva' | 'moscow' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)') AS query;
+                                     ts_rewrite                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'citi' & 'foo' & ( 'bar' | 'qq' ) & ( 'nyc' | 'big' <-> 'appl' | 'new' <-> 'york' )
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE INDEX qq ON test_tsquery USING gist (keyword tsquery_ops);
+SET enable_seqscan=OFF;
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword @> 'new';
+     keyword      
+------------------
+ 'new' <-> 'york'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword @> 'moscow';
+ keyword  
+----------
+ 'moscow'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <@ 'new';
+ keyword 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <@ 'moscow';
+ keyword  
+----------
+ 'moscow'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow') AS query;
+     ts_rewrite      
+---------------------
+ 'moskva' | 'moscow'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow & hotel') AS query;
+            ts_rewrite             
+-----------------------------------
+ 'hotel' & ( 'moskva' | 'moscow' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)') AS query;
+                                     ts_rewrite                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'citi' & 'foo' & ( 'bar' | 'qq' ) & ( 'nyc' | 'big' <-> 'appl' | 'new' <-> 'york' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow') AS query;
+     ts_rewrite      
+---------------------
+ 'moskva' | 'moscow'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow & hotel') AS query;
+            ts_rewrite             
+-----------------------------------
+ 'hotel' & ( 'moskva' | 'moscow' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)') AS query;
+                                     ts_rewrite                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'citi' & 'foo' & ( 'bar' | 'qq' ) & ( 'nyc' | 'big' <-> 'appl' | 'new' <-> 'york' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite(tsquery_phrase('foo', 'foo'), 'foo', 'bar | baz');
+               ts_rewrite                
+-----------------------------------------
+ ( 'bar' | 'baz' ) <-> ( 'bar' | 'baz' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('foo bar') @@
+  ts_rewrite(tsquery_phrase('foo', 'foo'), 'foo', 'bar | baz');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('bar baz') @@
+  ts_rewrite(tsquery_phrase('foo', 'foo'), 'foo', 'bar | baz');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+--test GUC
+SET default_text_search_config=simple;
+SELECT to_tsvector('SKIES My booKs');
+        to_tsvector         
+----------------------------
+ 'books':3 'my':2 'skies':1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('SKIES My booKs');
+     plainto_tsquery      
+--------------------------
+ 'skies' & 'my' & 'books'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('SKIES & My | booKs');
+        to_tsquery        
+--------------------------
+ 'skies' & 'my' | 'books'
+(1 row)
+
+SET default_text_search_config=english;
+SELECT to_tsvector('SKIES My booKs');
+   to_tsvector    
+------------------
+ 'book':3 'sky':1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('SKIES My booKs');
+ plainto_tsquery 
+-----------------
+ 'sky' & 'book'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('SKIES & My | booKs');
+   to_tsquery   
+----------------
+ 'sky' | 'book'
+(1 row)
+
+--trigger
+CREATE TRIGGER tsvectorupdate
+BEFORE UPDATE OR INSERT ON test_tsvector
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE tsvector_update_trigger(a, 'pg_catalog.english', t);
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ to_tsquery('345&qwerty');
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO test_tsvector (t) VALUES ('345 qwerty');
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ to_tsquery('345&qwerty');
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE test_tsvector SET t = null WHERE t = '345 qwerty';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ to_tsquery('345&qwerty');
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO test_tsvector (t) VALUES ('345 qwerty');
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ to_tsquery('345&qwerty');
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test inlining of immutable constant functions
+-- to_tsquery(text) is not immutable, so it won't be inlined
+explain (costs off)
+select * from test_tsquery, to_tsquery('new') q where txtsample @@ q;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Join Filter: (test_tsquery.txtsample @@ q.q)
+   ->  Function Scan on to_tsquery q
+   ->  Seq Scan on test_tsquery
+(4 rows)
+
+-- to_tsquery(regconfig, text) is an immutable function.
+-- That allows us to get rid of using function scan and join at all.
+explain (costs off)
+select * from test_tsquery, to_tsquery('english', 'new') q where txtsample @@ q;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on test_tsquery
+   Filter: (txtsample @@ '''new'''::tsquery)
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test finding items in GIN's pending list
+create temp table pendtest (ts tsvector);
+create index pendtest_idx on pendtest using gin(ts);
+insert into pendtest values (to_tsvector('Lore ipsam'));
+insert into pendtest values (to_tsvector('Lore ipsum'));
+select * from pendtest where 'ipsu:*'::tsquery @@ ts;
+         ts         
+--------------------
+ 'ipsum':2 'lore':1
+(1 row)
+
+select * from pendtest where 'ipsa:*'::tsquery @@ ts;
+         ts         
+--------------------
+ 'ipsam':2 'lore':1
+(1 row)
+
+select * from pendtest where 'ips:*'::tsquery @@ ts;
+         ts         
+--------------------
+ 'ipsam':2 'lore':1
+ 'ipsum':2 'lore':1
+(2 rows)
+
+select * from pendtest where 'ipt:*'::tsquery @@ ts;
+ ts 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+select * from pendtest where 'ipi:*'::tsquery @@ ts;
+ ts 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+--check OP_PHRASE on index
+create temp table phrase_index_test(fts tsvector);
+insert into phrase_index_test values ('A fat cat has just eaten a rat.');
+insert into phrase_index_test values (to_tsvector('english', 'A fat cat has just eaten a rat.'));
+create index phrase_index_test_idx on phrase_index_test using gin(fts);
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+select * from phrase_index_test where fts @@ phraseto_tsquery('english', 'fat cat');
+                fts                
+-----------------------------------
+ 'cat':3 'eaten':6 'fat':2 'rat':8
+(1 row)
+
+set enable_seqscan = on;
+-- test websearch_to_tsquery function
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'I have a fat:*ABCD cat');
+            websearch_to_tsquery             
+---------------------------------------------
+ 'i' & 'have' & 'a' & 'fat' & 'abcd' & 'cat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'orange:**AABBCCDD');
+ websearch_to_tsquery  
+-----------------------
+ 'orange' & 'aabbccdd'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat:A!cat:B|rat:C<');
+          websearch_to_tsquery           
+-----------------------------------------
+ 'fat' & 'a' & 'cat' & 'b' & 'rat' & 'c'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat:A : cat:B');
+   websearch_to_tsquery    
+---------------------------
+ 'fat' & 'a' & 'cat' & 'b'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat*rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'fat' <-> 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat-rat');
+     websearch_to_tsquery      
+-------------------------------
+ 'fat-rat' <-> 'fat' <-> 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat_rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'fat' <-> 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+-- weights are completely ignored
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc : def');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' & 'def'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc:def');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' & 'def'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'a:::b');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'a' & 'b'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc:d');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' & 'd'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', ':');
+NOTICE:  text-search query contains only stop words or doesn't contain lexemes, ignored
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- these operators are ignored
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc & def');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' & 'def'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc | def');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' & 'def'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc <-> def');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' & 'def'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc (pg or class)');
+  websearch_to_tsquery  
+------------------------
+ 'abc' & 'pg' | 'class'
+(1 row)
+
+-- NOT is ignored in quotes
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'My brand new smartphone');
+     websearch_to_tsquery      
+-------------------------------
+ 'brand' & 'new' & 'smartphon'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'My brand "new smartphone"');
+      websearch_to_tsquery       
+---------------------------------
+ 'brand' & 'new' <-> 'smartphon'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'My brand "new -smartphone"');
+      websearch_to_tsquery       
+---------------------------------
+ 'brand' & 'new' <-> 'smartphon'
+(1 row)
+
+-- test OR operator
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'cat or rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'cat' | 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'cat OR rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'cat' | 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'cat "OR" rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'cat' & 'or' & 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'cat OR');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'cat' & 'or'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'OR rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'or' & 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', '"fat cat OR rat"');
+        websearch_to_tsquery        
+------------------------------------
+ 'fat' <-> 'cat' <-> 'or' <-> 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat (cat OR rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery  
+-----------------------
+ 'fat' & 'cat' | 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'or OR or');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'or' | 'or'
+(1 row)
+
+-- OR is an operator here ...
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', '"fat cat"or"fat rat"');
+       websearch_to_tsquery        
+-----------------------------------
+ 'fat' <-> 'cat' | 'fat' <-> 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or(rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'fat' | 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or)rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'fat' | 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or&rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'fat' | 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or|rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'fat' | 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or!rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'fat' | 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or<rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'fat' | 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or>rat');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'fat' | 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or ');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'fat' & 'or'
+(1 row)
+
+-- ... but not here
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc orange');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' & 'orange'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc OR1234');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' & 'or1234'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc or-abc');
+        websearch_to_tsquery         
+-------------------------------------
+ 'abc' & 'or-abc' <-> 'or' <-> 'abc'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc OR_abc');
+  websearch_to_tsquery  
+------------------------
+ 'abc' & 'or' <-> 'abc'
+(1 row)
+
+-- test quotes
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"pg_class pg');
+   websearch_to_tsquery    
+---------------------------
+ 'pg' <-> 'class' <-> 'pg'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'pg_class pg"');
+  websearch_to_tsquery   
+-------------------------
+ 'pg' <-> 'class' & 'pg'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"pg_class pg"');
+   websearch_to_tsquery    
+---------------------------
+ 'pg' <-> 'class' <-> 'pg'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"pg_class : pg"');
+   websearch_to_tsquery    
+---------------------------
+ 'pg' <-> 'class' <-> 'pg'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'abc "pg_class pg"');
+       websearch_to_tsquery        
+-----------------------------------
+ 'abc' & 'pg' <-> 'class' <-> 'pg'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"pg_class pg" def');
+       websearch_to_tsquery        
+-----------------------------------
+ 'pg' <-> 'class' <-> 'pg' & 'def'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'abc "pg pg_class pg" def');
+                websearch_to_tsquery                
+----------------------------------------------------
+ 'abc' & 'pg' <-> 'pg' <-> 'class' <-> 'pg' & 'def'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', ' or "pg pg_class pg" or ');
+        websearch_to_tsquery        
+------------------------------------
+ 'pg' <-> 'pg' <-> 'class' <-> 'pg'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '""pg pg_class pg""');
+      websearch_to_tsquery      
+--------------------------------
+ 'pg' & 'pg' <-> 'class' & 'pg'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'abc """"" def');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' & 'def'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'cat -"fat rat"');
+     websearch_to_tsquery     
+------------------------------
+ 'cat' & !( 'fat' <-> 'rat' )
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'cat -"fat rat" cheese');
+          websearch_to_tsquery          
+----------------------------------------
+ 'cat' & !( 'fat' <-> 'rat' ) & 'chees'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'abc "def -"');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' & 'def'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'abc "def :"');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' & 'def'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"A fat cat" has just eaten a -rat.');
+        websearch_to_tsquery        
+------------------------------------
+ 'fat' <-> 'cat' & 'eaten' & !'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"A fat cat" has just eaten OR !rat.');
+       websearch_to_tsquery        
+-----------------------------------
+ 'fat' <-> 'cat' & 'eaten' | 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"A fat cat" has just (+eaten OR -rat)');
+        websearch_to_tsquery        
+------------------------------------
+ 'fat' <-> 'cat' & 'eaten' | !'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'this is ----fine');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ !!!!'fine'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '(()) )))) this ||| is && -fine, "dear friend" OR good');
+          websearch_to_tsquery          
+----------------------------------------
+ !'fine' & 'dear' <-> 'friend' | 'good'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'an old <-> cat " is fine &&& too');
+  websearch_to_tsquery  
+------------------------
+ 'old' & 'cat' & 'fine'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"A the" OR just on');
+NOTICE:  text-search query contains only stop words or doesn't contain lexemes, ignored
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"a fat cat" ate a rat');
+      websearch_to_tsquery       
+---------------------------------
+ 'fat' <-> 'cat' & 'ate' & 'rat'
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('english', 'A fat cat ate a rat') @@
+	websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"a fat cat" ate a rat');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('english', 'A fat grey cat ate a rat') @@
+	websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"a fat cat" ate a rat');
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- cases handled by gettoken_tsvector()
+select websearch_to_tsquery('''');
+NOTICE:  text-search query contains only stop words or doesn't contain lexemes, ignored
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('''abc''''def''');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc' <-> 'def'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('\abc');
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 'abc'
+(1 row)
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('\');
+NOTICE:  text-search query contains only stop words or doesn't contain lexemes, ignored
+ websearch_to_tsquery 
+----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tsrf.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tsrf.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d47b5f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tsrf.out
@@ -0,0 +1,712 @@
+--
+-- tsrf - targetlist set returning function tests
+--
+-- simple srf
+SELECT generate_series(1, 3);
+ generate_series 
+-----------------
+               1
+               2
+               3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- parallel iteration
+SELECT generate_series(1, 3), generate_series(3,5);
+ generate_series | generate_series 
+-----------------+-----------------
+               1 |               3
+               2 |               4
+               3 |               5
+(3 rows)
+
+-- parallel iteration, different number of rows
+SELECT generate_series(1, 2), generate_series(1,4);
+ generate_series | generate_series 
+-----------------+-----------------
+               1 |               1
+               2 |               2
+                 |               3
+                 |               4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- srf, with SRF argument
+SELECT generate_series(1, generate_series(1, 3));
+ generate_series 
+-----------------
+               1
+               1
+               2
+               1
+               2
+               3
+(6 rows)
+
+-- but we've traditionally rejected the same in FROM
+SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, generate_series(1, 3));
+ERROR:  set-returning functions must appear at top level of FROM
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, generate_series(1, 3));
+                                         ^
+-- srf, with two SRF arguments
+SELECT generate_series(generate_series(1,3), generate_series(2, 4));
+ generate_series 
+-----------------
+               1
+               2
+               2
+               3
+               3
+               4
+(6 rows)
+
+-- check proper nesting of SRFs in different expressions
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+SELECT generate_series(1, generate_series(1, 3)), generate_series(2, 4);
+                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ProjectSet
+   Output: generate_series(1, (generate_series(1, 3))), (generate_series(2, 4))
+   ->  ProjectSet
+         Output: generate_series(1, 3), generate_series(2, 4)
+         ->  Result
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT generate_series(1, generate_series(1, 3)), generate_series(2, 4);
+ generate_series | generate_series 
+-----------------+-----------------
+               1 |               2
+               1 |               3
+               2 |               3
+               1 |               4
+               2 |               4
+               3 |               4
+(6 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE few(id int, dataa text, datab text);
+INSERT INTO few VALUES(1, 'a', 'foo'),(2, 'a', 'bar'),(3, 'b', 'bar');
+-- SRF with a provably-dummy relation
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1, 2]) FROM few WHERE false;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ ProjectSet
+   Output: unnest('{1,2}'::integer[])
+   ->  Result
+         One-Time Filter: false
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1, 2]) FROM few WHERE false;
+ unnest 
+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- SRF shouldn't prevent upper query from recognizing lower as dummy
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+SELECT * FROM few f1,
+  (SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1,2]) FROM few f2 WHERE false OFFSET 0) ss;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: f1.id, f1.dataa, f1.datab, ss.unnest
+   One-Time Filter: false
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM few f1,
+  (SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1,2]) FROM few f2 WHERE false OFFSET 0) ss;
+ id | dataa | datab | unnest 
+----+-------+-------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- SRF output order of sorting is maintained, if SRF is not referenced
+SELECT few.id, generate_series(1,3) g FROM few ORDER BY id DESC;
+ id | g 
+----+---
+  3 | 1
+  3 | 2
+  3 | 3
+  2 | 1
+  2 | 2
+  2 | 3
+  1 | 1
+  1 | 2
+  1 | 3
+(9 rows)
+
+-- but SRFs can be referenced in sort
+SELECT few.id, generate_series(1,3) g FROM few ORDER BY id, g DESC;
+ id | g 
+----+---
+  1 | 3
+  1 | 2
+  1 | 1
+  2 | 3
+  2 | 2
+  2 | 1
+  3 | 3
+  3 | 2
+  3 | 1
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT few.id, generate_series(1,3) g FROM few ORDER BY id, generate_series(1,3) DESC;
+ id | g 
+----+---
+  1 | 3
+  1 | 2
+  1 | 1
+  2 | 3
+  2 | 2
+  2 | 1
+  3 | 3
+  3 | 2
+  3 | 1
+(9 rows)
+
+-- it's weird to have ORDER BYs that increase the number of results
+SELECT few.id FROM few ORDER BY id, generate_series(1,3) DESC;
+ id 
+----
+  1
+  1
+  1
+  2
+  2
+  2
+  3
+  3
+  3
+(9 rows)
+
+-- SRFs are computed after aggregation
+SET enable_hashagg TO 0; -- stable output order
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*), min(id), max(id), unnest('{1,1,3}'::int[]) FROM few WHERE few.id = 1 GROUP BY few.dataa;
+ dataa | count | min | max | unnest 
+-------+-------+-----+-----+--------
+ a     |     1 |   1 |   1 |      1
+ a     |     1 |   1 |   1 |      1
+ a     |     1 |   1 |   1 |      3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- unless referenced in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*), min(id), max(id), unnest('{1,1,3}'::int[]) FROM few WHERE few.id = 1 GROUP BY few.dataa, unnest('{1,1,3}'::int[]);
+ dataa | count | min | max | unnest 
+-------+-------+-----+-----+--------
+ a     |     2 |   1 |   1 |      1
+ a     |     1 |   1 |   1 |      3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*), min(id), max(id), unnest('{1,1,3}'::int[]) FROM few WHERE few.id = 1 GROUP BY few.dataa, 5;
+ dataa | count | min | max | unnest 
+-------+-------+-----+-----+--------
+ a     |     2 |   1 |   1 |      1
+ a     |     1 |   1 |   1 |      3
+(2 rows)
+
+RESET enable_hashagg;
+-- check HAVING works when GROUP BY does [not] reference SRF output
+SELECT dataa, generate_series(1,1), count(*) FROM few GROUP BY 1 HAVING count(*) > 1;
+ dataa | generate_series | count 
+-------+-----------------+-------
+ a     |               1 |     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT dataa, generate_series(1,1), count(*) FROM few GROUP BY 1, 2 HAVING count(*) > 1;
+ dataa | generate_series | count 
+-------+-----------------+-------
+ a     |               1 |     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- it's weird to have GROUP BYs that increase the number of results
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*) FROM few WHERE dataa = 'a' GROUP BY few.dataa ORDER BY 2;
+ dataa | count 
+-------+-------
+ a     |     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*) FROM few WHERE dataa = 'a' GROUP BY few.dataa, unnest('{1,1,3}'::int[]) ORDER BY 2;
+ dataa | count 
+-------+-------
+ a     |     2
+ a     |     4
+(2 rows)
+
+-- SRFs are not allowed if they'd need to be conditionally executed
+SELECT q1, case when q1 > 0 then generate_series(1,3) else 0 end FROM int8_tbl;
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in CASE
+LINE 1: SELECT q1, case when q1 > 0 then generate_series(1,3) else 0...
+                                         ^
+HINT:  You might be able to move the set-returning function into a LATERAL FROM item.
+SELECT q1, coalesce(generate_series(1,3), 0) FROM int8_tbl;
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in COALESCE
+LINE 1: SELECT q1, coalesce(generate_series(1,3), 0) FROM int8_tbl;
+                            ^
+HINT:  You might be able to move the set-returning function into a LATERAL FROM item.
+-- SRFs are not allowed in aggregate arguments
+SELECT min(generate_series(1, 3)) FROM few;
+ERROR:  aggregate function calls cannot contain set-returning function calls
+LINE 1: SELECT min(generate_series(1, 3)) FROM few;
+                   ^
+HINT:  You might be able to move the set-returning function into a LATERAL FROM item.
+-- ... unless they're within a sub-select
+SELECT sum((3 = ANY(SELECT generate_series(1,4)))::int);
+ sum 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT sum((3 = ANY(SELECT lag(x) over(order by x)
+                    FROM generate_series(1,4) x))::int);
+ sum 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+-- SRFs are not allowed in window function arguments, either
+SELECT min(generate_series(1, 3)) OVER() FROM few;
+ERROR:  window function calls cannot contain set-returning function calls
+LINE 1: SELECT min(generate_series(1, 3)) OVER() FROM few;
+                   ^
+HINT:  You might be able to move the set-returning function into a LATERAL FROM item.
+-- SRFs are normally computed after window functions
+SELECT id,lag(id) OVER(), count(*) OVER(), generate_series(1,3) FROM few;
+ id | lag | count | generate_series 
+----+-----+-------+-----------------
+  1 |     |     3 |               1
+  1 |     |     3 |               2
+  1 |     |     3 |               3
+  2 |   1 |     3 |               1
+  2 |   1 |     3 |               2
+  2 |   1 |     3 |               3
+  3 |   2 |     3 |               1
+  3 |   2 |     3 |               2
+  3 |   2 |     3 |               3
+(9 rows)
+
+-- unless referencing SRFs
+SELECT SUM(count(*)) OVER(PARTITION BY generate_series(1,3) ORDER BY generate_series(1,3)), generate_series(1,3) g FROM few GROUP BY g;
+ sum | g 
+-----+---
+   3 | 1
+   3 | 2
+   3 | 3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- sorting + grouping
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*), min(id), max(id), generate_series(1,3) FROM few GROUP BY few.dataa ORDER BY 5, 1;
+ dataa | count | min | max | generate_series 
+-------+-------+-----+-----+-----------------
+ a     |     2 |   1 |   2 |               1
+ b     |     1 |   3 |   3 |               1
+ a     |     2 |   1 |   2 |               2
+ b     |     1 |   3 |   3 |               2
+ a     |     2 |   1 |   2 |               3
+ b     |     1 |   3 |   3 |               3
+(6 rows)
+
+-- grouping sets are a bit special, they produce NULLs in columns not actually NULL
+set enable_hashagg = false;
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab);
+ dataa |  b  | g | count 
+-------+-----+---+-------
+ a     | bar | 1 |     1
+ a     | bar | 2 |     1
+ a     | foo | 1 |     1
+ a     | foo | 2 |     1
+ a     |     | 1 |     2
+ a     |     | 2 |     2
+ b     | bar | 1 |     1
+ b     | bar | 2 |     1
+ b     |     | 1 |     1
+ b     |     | 2 |     1
+       |     | 1 |     3
+       |     | 2 |     3
+       | bar | 1 |     2
+       | bar | 2 |     2
+       | foo | 1 |     1
+       | foo | 2 |     1
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab) ORDER BY dataa;
+ dataa |  b  | g | count 
+-------+-----+---+-------
+ a     | bar | 1 |     1
+ a     | bar | 2 |     1
+ a     | foo | 1 |     1
+ a     | foo | 2 |     1
+ a     |     | 1 |     2
+ a     |     | 2 |     2
+ b     | bar | 1 |     1
+ b     | bar | 2 |     1
+ b     |     | 1 |     1
+ b     |     | 2 |     1
+       |     | 1 |     3
+       |     | 2 |     3
+       | bar | 1 |     2
+       | bar | 2 |     2
+       | foo | 1 |     1
+       | foo | 2 |     1
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab) ORDER BY g;
+ dataa |  b  | g | count 
+-------+-----+---+-------
+ a     | bar | 1 |     1
+ a     | foo | 1 |     1
+ a     |     | 1 |     2
+ b     | bar | 1 |     1
+ b     |     | 1 |     1
+       |     | 1 |     3
+       | bar | 1 |     2
+       | foo | 1 |     1
+       | foo | 2 |     1
+ a     | bar | 2 |     1
+ b     |     | 2 |     1
+ a     | foo | 2 |     1
+       | bar | 2 |     2
+ a     |     | 2 |     2
+       |     | 2 |     3
+ b     | bar | 2 |     1
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab, g);
+ dataa |  b  | g | count 
+-------+-----+---+-------
+ a     | bar | 1 |     1
+ a     | bar | 2 |     1
+ a     | bar |   |     2
+ a     | foo | 1 |     1
+ a     | foo | 2 |     1
+ a     | foo |   |     2
+ a     |     |   |     4
+ b     | bar | 1 |     1
+ b     | bar | 2 |     1
+ b     | bar |   |     2
+ b     |     |   |     2
+       |     |   |     6
+       | bar | 1 |     2
+       | bar | 2 |     2
+       | bar |   |     4
+       | foo | 1 |     1
+       | foo | 2 |     1
+       | foo |   |     2
+ a     |     | 1 |     2
+ b     |     | 1 |     1
+       |     | 1 |     3
+ a     |     | 2 |     2
+ b     |     | 2 |     1
+       |     | 2 |     3
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab, g) ORDER BY dataa;
+ dataa |  b  | g | count 
+-------+-----+---+-------
+ a     | foo |   |     2
+ a     |     |   |     4
+ a     |     | 2 |     2
+ a     | bar | 1 |     1
+ a     | bar | 2 |     1
+ a     | bar |   |     2
+ a     | foo | 1 |     1
+ a     | foo | 2 |     1
+ a     |     | 1 |     2
+ b     | bar | 1 |     1
+ b     |     |   |     2
+ b     |     | 1 |     1
+ b     | bar | 2 |     1
+ b     | bar |   |     2
+ b     |     | 2 |     1
+       |     | 2 |     3
+       |     |   |     6
+       | bar | 1 |     2
+       | bar | 2 |     2
+       | bar |   |     4
+       | foo | 1 |     1
+       | foo | 2 |     1
+       | foo |   |     2
+       |     | 1 |     3
+(24 rows)
+
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab, g) ORDER BY g;
+ dataa |  b  | g | count 
+-------+-----+---+-------
+ a     | bar | 1 |     1
+ a     | foo | 1 |     1
+ b     | bar | 1 |     1
+       | bar | 1 |     2
+       | foo | 1 |     1
+ a     |     | 1 |     2
+ b     |     | 1 |     1
+       |     | 1 |     3
+ a     |     | 2 |     2
+ b     |     | 2 |     1
+       | bar | 2 |     2
+       |     | 2 |     3
+       | foo | 2 |     1
+ a     | bar | 2 |     1
+ a     | foo | 2 |     1
+ b     | bar | 2 |     1
+ a     |     |   |     4
+ b     | bar |   |     2
+ b     |     |   |     2
+       |     |   |     6
+ a     | foo |   |     2
+ a     | bar |   |     2
+       | bar |   |     4
+       | foo |   |     2
+(24 rows)
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+-- case with degenerate ORDER BY
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select 'foo' as f, generate_series(1,2) as g from few order by 1;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ ProjectSet
+   Output: 'foo'::text, generate_series(1, 2)
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.few
+         Output: id, dataa, datab
+(4 rows)
+
+select 'foo' as f, generate_series(1,2) as g from few order by 1;
+  f  | g 
+-----+---
+ foo | 1
+ foo | 2
+ foo | 1
+ foo | 2
+ foo | 1
+ foo | 2
+(6 rows)
+
+-- data modification
+CREATE TABLE fewmore AS SELECT generate_series(1,3) AS data;
+INSERT INTO fewmore VALUES(generate_series(4,5));
+SELECT * FROM fewmore;
+ data 
+------
+    1
+    2
+    3
+    4
+    5
+(5 rows)
+
+-- SRFs are not allowed in UPDATE (they once were, but it was nonsense)
+UPDATE fewmore SET data = generate_series(4,9);
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in UPDATE
+LINE 1: UPDATE fewmore SET data = generate_series(4,9);
+                                  ^
+-- SRFs are not allowed in RETURNING
+INSERT INTO fewmore VALUES(1) RETURNING generate_series(1,3);
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in RETURNING
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO fewmore VALUES(1) RETURNING generate_series(1,3)...
+                                                ^
+-- nor standalone VALUES (but surely this is a bug?)
+VALUES(1, generate_series(1,2));
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in VALUES
+LINE 1: VALUES(1, generate_series(1,2));
+                  ^
+-- We allow tSRFs that are not at top level
+SELECT int4mul(generate_series(1,2), 10);
+ int4mul 
+---------
+      10
+      20
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT generate_series(1,3) IS DISTINCT FROM 2;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+ f
+ t
+(3 rows)
+
+-- but SRFs in function RTEs must be at top level (annoying restriction)
+SELECT * FROM int4mul(generate_series(1,2), 10);
+ERROR:  set-returning functions must appear at top level of FROM
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM int4mul(generate_series(1,2), 10);
+                              ^
+-- DISTINCT ON is evaluated before tSRF evaluation if SRF is not
+-- referenced either in ORDER BY or in the DISTINCT ON list. The ORDER
+-- BY reference can be implicitly generated, if there's no other ORDER BY.
+-- implicit reference (via implicit ORDER) to all columns
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (a) a, b, generate_series(1,3) g
+FROM (VALUES (3, 2), (3,1), (1,1), (1,4), (5,3), (5,1)) AS t(a, b);
+ a | b | g 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | 1
+ 3 | 2 | 1
+ 5 | 3 | 1
+(3 rows)
+
+-- unreferenced in DISTINCT ON or ORDER BY
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (a) a, b, generate_series(1,3) g
+FROM (VALUES (3, 2), (3,1), (1,1), (1,4), (5,3), (5,1)) AS t(a, b)
+ORDER BY a, b DESC;
+ a | b | g 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 4 | 1
+ 1 | 4 | 2
+ 1 | 4 | 3
+ 3 | 2 | 1
+ 3 | 2 | 2
+ 3 | 2 | 3
+ 5 | 3 | 1
+ 5 | 3 | 2
+ 5 | 3 | 3
+(9 rows)
+
+-- referenced in ORDER BY
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (a) a, b, generate_series(1,3) g
+FROM (VALUES (3, 2), (3,1), (1,1), (1,4), (5,3), (5,1)) AS t(a, b)
+ORDER BY a, b DESC, g DESC;
+ a | b | g 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 4 | 3
+ 3 | 2 | 3
+ 5 | 3 | 3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- referenced in ORDER BY and DISTINCT ON
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (a, b, g) a, b, generate_series(1,3) g
+FROM (VALUES (3, 2), (3,1), (1,1), (1,4), (5,3), (5,1)) AS t(a, b)
+ORDER BY a, b DESC, g DESC;
+ a | b | g 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 4 | 3
+ 1 | 4 | 2
+ 1 | 4 | 1
+ 1 | 1 | 3
+ 1 | 1 | 2
+ 1 | 1 | 1
+ 3 | 2 | 3
+ 3 | 2 | 2
+ 3 | 2 | 1
+ 3 | 1 | 3
+ 3 | 1 | 2
+ 3 | 1 | 1
+ 5 | 3 | 3
+ 5 | 3 | 2
+ 5 | 3 | 1
+ 5 | 1 | 3
+ 5 | 1 | 2
+ 5 | 1 | 1
+(18 rows)
+
+-- only SRF mentioned in DISTINCT ON
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (g) a, b, generate_series(1,3) g
+FROM (VALUES (3, 2), (3,1), (1,1), (1,4), (5,3), (5,1)) AS t(a, b);
+ a | b | g 
+---+---+---
+ 3 | 2 | 1
+ 5 | 1 | 2
+ 3 | 1 | 3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- LIMIT / OFFSET is evaluated after SRF evaluation
+SELECT a, generate_series(1,2) FROM (VALUES(1),(2),(3)) r(a) LIMIT 2 OFFSET 2;
+ a | generate_series 
+---+-----------------
+ 2 |               1
+ 2 |               2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- SRFs are not allowed in LIMIT.
+SELECT 1 LIMIT generate_series(1,3);
+ERROR:  set-returning functions are not allowed in LIMIT
+LINE 1: SELECT 1 LIMIT generate_series(1,3);
+                       ^
+-- tSRF in correlated subquery, referencing table outside
+SELECT (SELECT generate_series(1,3) LIMIT 1 OFFSET few.id) FROM few;
+ generate_series 
+-----------------
+               2
+               3
+                
+(3 rows)
+
+-- tSRF in correlated subquery, referencing SRF outside
+SELECT (SELECT generate_series(1,3) LIMIT 1 OFFSET g.i) FROM generate_series(0,3) g(i);
+ generate_series 
+-----------------
+               1
+               2
+               3
+                
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Operators can return sets too
+CREATE OPERATOR |@| (PROCEDURE = unnest, RIGHTARG = ANYARRAY);
+SELECT |@|ARRAY[1,2,3];
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+        2
+        3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Some fun cases involving duplicate SRF calls
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select generate_series(1,3) as x, generate_series(1,3) + 1 as xp1;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: (generate_series(1, 3)), ((generate_series(1, 3)) + 1)
+   ->  ProjectSet
+         Output: generate_series(1, 3)
+         ->  Result
+(5 rows)
+
+select generate_series(1,3) as x, generate_series(1,3) + 1 as xp1;
+ x | xp1 
+---+-----
+ 1 |   2
+ 2 |   3
+ 3 |   4
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select generate_series(1,3)+1 order by generate_series(1,3);
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Output: (((generate_series(1, 3)) + 1)), (generate_series(1, 3))
+   Sort Key: (generate_series(1, 3))
+   ->  Result
+         Output: ((generate_series(1, 3)) + 1), (generate_series(1, 3))
+         ->  ProjectSet
+               Output: generate_series(1, 3)
+               ->  Result
+(8 rows)
+
+select generate_series(1,3)+1 order by generate_series(1,3);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        2
+        3
+        4
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Check that SRFs of same nesting level run in lockstep
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select generate_series(1,3) as x, generate_series(3,6) + 1 as y;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   Output: (generate_series(1, 3)), ((generate_series(3, 6)) + 1)
+   ->  ProjectSet
+         Output: generate_series(1, 3), generate_series(3, 6)
+         ->  Result
+(5 rows)
+
+select generate_series(1,3) as x, generate_series(3,6) + 1 as y;
+ x | y 
+---+---
+ 1 | 4
+ 2 | 5
+ 3 | 6
+   | 7
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Clean up
+DROP TABLE few;
+DROP TABLE fewmore;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tstypes.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tstypes.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92c1c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tstypes.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1400 @@
+-- deal with numeric instability of ts_rank
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+--Base tsvector test
+SELECT '1'::tsvector;
+ tsvector 
+----------
+ '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1 '::tsvector;
+ tsvector 
+----------
+ '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ' 1'::tsvector;
+ tsvector 
+----------
+ '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ' 1 '::tsvector;
+ tsvector 
+----------
+ '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1 2'::tsvector;
+ tsvector 
+----------
+ '1' '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '''1 2'''::tsvector;
+ tsvector 
+----------
+ '1 2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'''1 \\''2'''::tsvector;
+ tsvector 
+----------
+ '1 ''2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'''1 \\''2''3'::tsvector;
+  tsvector   
+-------------
+ '1 ''2' '3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'''1 \\''2'' 3'::tsvector;
+  tsvector   
+-------------
+ '1 ''2' '3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'''1 \\''2'' '' 3'' 4 '::tsvector;
+     tsvector     
+------------------
+ ' 3' '1 ''2' '4'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT $$'\\as' ab\c ab\\c AB\\\c ab\\\\c$$::tsvector;
+                tsvector                
+----------------------------------------
+ 'AB\\c' '\\as' 'ab\\\\c' 'ab\\c' 'abc'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT tsvectorin(tsvectorout($$'\\as' ab\c ab\\c AB\\\c ab\\\\c$$::tsvector));
+               tsvectorin               
+----------------------------------------
+ 'AB\\c' '\\as' 'ab\\\\c' 'ab\\c' 'abc'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '''w'':4A,3B,2C,1D,5 a:8';
+       ?column?        
+-----------------------
+ 'w':4A,3B,2C,1D,5 a:8
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:3A b:2a'::tsvector || 'ba:1234 a:1B';
+          ?column?          
+----------------------------
+ 'a':3A,4B 'b':2A 'ba':1237
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT $$'' '1' '2'$$::tsvector;  -- error, empty lexeme is not allowed
+ERROR:  syntax error in tsvector: "'' '1' '2'"
+LINE 1: SELECT $$'' '1' '2'$$::tsvector;
+               ^
+--Base tsquery test
+SELECT '1'::tsquery;
+ tsquery 
+---------
+ '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1 '::tsquery;
+ tsquery 
+---------
+ '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ' 1'::tsquery;
+ tsquery 
+---------
+ '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ' 1 '::tsquery;
+ tsquery 
+---------
+ '1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '''1 2'''::tsquery;
+ tsquery 
+---------
+ '1 2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'''1 \\''2'''::tsquery;
+ tsquery 
+---------
+ '1 ''2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!1'::tsquery;
+ tsquery 
+---------
+ !'1'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1|2'::tsquery;
+  tsquery  
+-----------
+ '1' | '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1|!2'::tsquery;
+  tsquery   
+------------
+ '1' | !'2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!1|2'::tsquery;
+  tsquery   
+------------
+ !'1' | '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!1|!2'::tsquery;
+   tsquery   
+-------------
+ !'1' | !'2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!(!1|!2)'::tsquery;
+     tsquery      
+------------------
+ !( !'1' | !'2' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!(!1|2)'::tsquery;
+     tsquery     
+-----------------
+ !( !'1' | '2' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!(1|!2)'::tsquery;
+     tsquery     
+-----------------
+ !( '1' | !'2' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!(1|2)'::tsquery;
+    tsquery     
+----------------
+ !( '1' | '2' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1&2'::tsquery;
+  tsquery  
+-----------
+ '1' & '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!1&2'::tsquery;
+  tsquery   
+------------
+ !'1' & '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1&!2'::tsquery;
+  tsquery   
+------------
+ '1' & !'2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!1&!2'::tsquery;
+   tsquery   
+-------------
+ !'1' & !'2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '(1&2)'::tsquery;
+  tsquery  
+-----------
+ '1' & '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1&(2)'::tsquery;
+  tsquery  
+-----------
+ '1' & '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!(1)&2'::tsquery;
+  tsquery   
+------------
+ !'1' & '2'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!(1&2)'::tsquery;
+    tsquery     
+----------------
+ !( '1' & '2' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1|2&3'::tsquery;
+     tsquery     
+-----------------
+ '1' | '2' & '3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1|(2&3)'::tsquery;
+     tsquery     
+-----------------
+ '1' | '2' & '3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '(1|2)&3'::tsquery;
+       tsquery       
+---------------------
+ ( '1' | '2' ) & '3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1|2&!3'::tsquery;
+     tsquery      
+------------------
+ '1' | '2' & !'3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1|!2&3'::tsquery;
+     tsquery      
+------------------
+ '1' | !'2' & '3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!1|2&3'::tsquery;
+     tsquery      
+------------------
+ !'1' | '2' & '3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!1|(2&3)'::tsquery;
+     tsquery      
+------------------
+ !'1' | '2' & '3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!(1|2)&3'::tsquery;
+       tsquery        
+----------------------
+ !( '1' | '2' ) & '3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '(!1|2)&3'::tsquery;
+       tsquery        
+----------------------
+ ( !'1' | '2' ) & '3'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1|(2|(4|(5|6)))'::tsquery;
+           tsquery           
+-----------------------------
+ '1' | '2' | '4' | '5' | '6'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1|2|4|5|6'::tsquery;
+           tsquery           
+-----------------------------
+ '1' | '2' | '4' | '5' | '6'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1&(2&(4&(5&6)))'::tsquery;
+           tsquery           
+-----------------------------
+ '1' & '2' & '4' & '5' & '6'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1&2&4&5&6'::tsquery;
+           tsquery           
+-----------------------------
+ '1' & '2' & '4' & '5' & '6'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1&(2&(4&(5|6)))'::tsquery;
+             tsquery             
+---------------------------------
+ '1' & '2' & '4' & ( '5' | '6' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '1&(2&(4&(5|!6)))'::tsquery;
+             tsquery              
+----------------------------------
+ '1' & '2' & '4' & ( '5' | !'6' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT E'1&(''2''&('' 4''&(\\|5 | ''6 \\'' !|&'')))'::tsquery;
+                 tsquery                  
+------------------------------------------
+ '1' & '2' & ' 4' & ( '|5' | '6 '' !|&' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT $$'\\as'$$::tsquery;
+ tsquery 
+---------
+ '\\as'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:* & nbb:*ac | doo:a* | goo'::tsquery;
+               tsquery                
+--------------------------------------
+ 'a':* & 'nbb':*AC | 'doo':*A | 'goo'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!!b'::tsquery;
+ tsquery 
+---------
+ !!'b'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!!!b'::tsquery;
+ tsquery 
+---------
+ !!!'b'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!(!b)'::tsquery;
+ tsquery 
+---------
+ !!'b'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a & !!b'::tsquery;
+   tsquery   
+-------------
+ 'a' & !!'b'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!!a & b'::tsquery;
+   tsquery   
+-------------
+ !!'a' & 'b'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '!!a & !!b'::tsquery;
+    tsquery    
+---------------
+ !!'a' & !!'b'
+(1 row)
+
+--comparisons
+SELECT 'a' < 'b & c'::tsquery as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a' > 'b & c'::tsquery as "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a | f' < 'b & c'::tsquery as "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a | ff' < 'b & c'::tsquery as "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a | f | g' < 'b & c'::tsquery as "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+--concatenation
+SELECT numnode( 'new'::tsquery );
+ numnode 
+---------
+       1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numnode( 'new & york'::tsquery );
+ numnode 
+---------
+       3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT numnode( 'new & york | qwery'::tsquery );
+ numnode 
+---------
+       5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo & bar'::tsquery && 'asd';
+       ?column?        
+-----------------------
+ 'foo' & 'bar' & 'asd'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo & bar'::tsquery || 'asd & fg';
+           ?column?           
+------------------------------
+ 'foo' & 'bar' | 'asd' & 'fg'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo & bar'::tsquery || !!'asd & fg'::tsquery;
+             ?column?              
+-----------------------------------
+ 'foo' & 'bar' | !( 'asd' & 'fg' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'foo & bar'::tsquery && 'asd | fg';
+             ?column?             
+----------------------------------
+ 'foo' & 'bar' & ( 'asd' | 'fg' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a' <-> 'b & d'::tsquery;
+       ?column?        
+-----------------------
+ 'a' <-> ( 'b' & 'd' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a & g' <-> 'b & d'::tsquery;
+            ?column?             
+---------------------------------
+ ( 'a' & 'g' ) <-> ( 'b' & 'd' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a & g' <-> 'b | d'::tsquery;
+            ?column?             
+---------------------------------
+ ( 'a' & 'g' ) <-> ( 'b' | 'd' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a & g' <-> 'b <-> d'::tsquery;
+             ?column?              
+-----------------------------------
+ ( 'a' & 'g' ) <-> ( 'b' <-> 'd' )
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT tsquery_phrase('a <3> g', 'b & d', 10);
+         tsquery_phrase         
+--------------------------------
+ 'a' <3> 'g' <10> ( 'b' & 'd' )
+(1 row)
+
+-- tsvector-tsquery operations
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & ca' as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & ca:B' as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & ca:A' as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & ca:C' as "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & ca:CB' as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & c:*C' as "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & c:*CB' as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b cb:80c d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & c:*C' as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64c cb:80b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & c:*C' as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64c cb:80b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & c:*B' as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'wa:1D wb:2A'::tsvector @@ 'w:*D & w:*A'::tsquery as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'wa:1D wb:2A'::tsvector @@ 'w:*D <-> w:*A'::tsquery as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'wa:1A wb:2D'::tsvector @@ 'w:*D <-> w:*A'::tsquery as "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'wa:1A'::tsvector @@ 'w:*A'::tsquery as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'wa:1A'::tsvector @@ 'w:*D'::tsquery as "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'wa:1A'::tsvector @@ '!w:*A'::tsquery as "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'wa:1A'::tsvector @@ '!w:*D'::tsquery as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- historically, a stripped tsvector matches queries ignoring weights:
+SELECT strip('wa:1A'::tsvector) @@ 'w:*A'::tsquery as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strip('wa:1A'::tsvector) @@ 'w:*D'::tsquery as "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strip('wa:1A'::tsvector) @@ '!w:*A'::tsquery as "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strip('wa:1A'::tsvector) @@ '!w:*D'::tsquery as "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super'::tsquery AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'supeanova supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super'::tsquery AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'supeznova supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super'::tsquery AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super:*'::tsquery AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'supeanova supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super:*'::tsquery AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'supeznova supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super:*'::tsquery AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--phrase search
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 1') @@ '1 <-> 2' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 1') @@ '1 <2> 2' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 1') @@ '1 <-> 3' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 1') @@ '1 <2> 3' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 1 2') @@ '1 <3> 2' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 11 3') @@ '1 <-> 3' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 11 3') @@ '1:* <-> 3' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 4') @@ '1 <-> 2 <-> 3' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 4') @@ '(1 <-> 2) <-> 3' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 4') @@ '1 <-> (2 <-> 3)' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 4') @@ '1 <2> (2 <-> 3)' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 1 2 3 4') @@ '(1 <-> 2) <-> 3' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 1 2 3 4') @@ '1 <-> 2 <-> 3' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- without position data, phrase search does not match
+SELECT strip(to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 4')) @@ '1 <-> 2 <-> 3' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q x q y') @@ 'q <-> (x & y)' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q x') @@ 'q <-> (x | y <-> z)' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q y') @@ 'q <-> (x | y <-> z)' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q y z') @@ 'q <-> (x | y <-> z)' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q y x') @@ 'q <-> (x | y <-> z)' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q x y') @@ 'q <-> (x | y <-> z)' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q x') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x q') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y z') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y z q') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'y z q') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'y y q') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'y y q') @@ '(!x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(!x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'y y q') @@ '(x | y <-> !z) <-> q' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x q') @@ '(x | y <-> !z) <-> q' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x q') @@ '(!x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'z q') @@ '(!x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(!x | y) <-> y <-> q' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(!x | !y) <-> y <-> q' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(x | !y) <-> y <-> q' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(x | !!z) <-> y <-> q' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!x <-> y' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!x <-> !y' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!x <-> !!y' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!(x <-> y)' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!(x <2> y)' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select strip(to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y')) @@ '!x <-> y' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select strip(to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y')) @@ '!x <-> !y' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select strip(to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y')) @@ '!x <-> !!y' AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select strip(to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y')) @@ '!(x <-> y)' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select strip(to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y')) @@ '!(x <2> y)' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!foo' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', '') @@ '!foo' AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+--ranking
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+  ts_rank  
+-----------
+ 0.0911891
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+  ts_rank  
+-----------
+ 0.0303964
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s:*');
+  ts_rank  
+-----------
+ 0.0911891
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | sa:*');
+  ts_rank  
+-----------
+ 0.0911891
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2B d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+ ts_rank  
+----------
+ 0.151982
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2 d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+  ts_rank  
+-----------
+ 0.0607927
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+ ts_rank  
+----------
+ 0.140153
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2B d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+ ts_rank  
+----------
+ 0.198206
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2 d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+  ts_rank  
+-----------
+ 0.0991032
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s:*');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | sa:*');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:3C sab:2c d g'::tsvector, 'a | sa:*');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2B d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2 d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+   0.133333
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2B d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+       0.16
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2 d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2A d g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+   0.181818
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+   0.133333
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2 d g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2 d:2A g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2,3A d:2A g'::tsvector, 'a <2> s:A');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+  0.0909091
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 b:2 s:3A d:2A g'::tsvector, 'a <2> s:A');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+  0.0909091
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2D sb:2A g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s:*');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2A sb:2D g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s:*');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+        0.1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2A sb:2D g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s:* <-> sa:A');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+          0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2A sb:2D g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s:* <-> sa:B');
+ ts_rank_cd 
+------------
+          0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:1 b:2'::tsvector @@ 'a <-> b'::tsquery AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:1 b:2'::tsvector @@ 'a <0> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:1 b:2'::tsvector @@ 'a <1> b'::tsquery AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:1 b:2'::tsvector @@ 'a <2> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <-> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <0> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <1> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <2> b'::tsquery AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <3> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+ false 
+-------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <0> a:*'::tsquery AS "true";
+ true 
+------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- tsvector editing operations
+SELECT strip('w:12B w:13* w:12,5,6 a:1,3* a:3 w asd:1dc asd'::tsvector);
+     strip     
+---------------
+ 'a' 'asd' 'w'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strip('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector);
+                    strip                     
+----------------------------------------------
+ 'base' 'hidden' 'rebel' 'spaceship' 'strike'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT strip('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector);
+                    strip                     
+----------------------------------------------
+ 'base' 'hidden' 'rebel' 'spaceship' 'strike'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete(to_tsvector('english', 'Rebel spaceships, striking from a hidden base'), 'spaceship');
+                ts_delete                 
+------------------------------------------
+ 'base':7 'hidden':6 'rebel':1 'strike':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, 'base');
+                          ts_delete                           
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'hidden':6 'rebel':1 'spaceship':2,33A,34B,35C,36 'strike':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, 'bas');
+                               ts_delete                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'base':7 'hidden':6 'rebel':1 'spaceship':2,33A,34B,35C,36 'strike':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, 'bases');
+                               ts_delete                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'base':7 'hidden':6 'rebel':1 'spaceship':2,33A,34B,35C,36 'strike':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, 'spaceship');
+                ts_delete                 
+------------------------------------------
+ 'base':7 'hidden':6 'rebel':1 'strike':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, 'spaceship');
+            ts_delete             
+----------------------------------
+ 'base' 'hidden' 'rebel' 'strike'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceship','rebel']);
+           ts_delete            
+--------------------------------
+ 'base':7 'hidden':6 'strike':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceships','rebel']);
+                          ts_delete                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'base':7 'hidden':6 'spaceship':2,33A,34B,35C,36 'strike':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceshi','rebel']);
+                          ts_delete                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'base':7 'hidden':6 'spaceship':2,33A,34B,35C,36 'strike':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceship','leya','rebel']);
+           ts_delete            
+--------------------------------
+ 'base':7 'hidden':6 'strike':3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceship','leya','rebel']);
+        ts_delete         
+--------------------------
+ 'base' 'hidden' 'strike'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceship','leya','rebel','rebel']);
+        ts_delete         
+--------------------------
+ 'base' 'hidden' 'strike'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceship','leya','rebel', '', NULL]);
+        ts_delete         
+--------------------------
+ 'base' 'hidden' 'strike'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT unnest('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector);
+                   unnest                    
+---------------------------------------------
+ (base,{7},{D})
+ (hidden,{6},{D})
+ (rebel,{1},{D})
+ (spaceship,"{2,33,34,35,36}","{D,A,B,C,D}")
+ (strike,{3},{D})
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT unnest('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector);
+    unnest     
+---------------
+ (base,,)
+ (hidden,,)
+ (rebel,,)
+ (spaceship,,)
+ (strike,,)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM unnest('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector);
+  lexeme   |    positions    |   weights   
+-----------+-----------------+-------------
+ base      | {7}             | {D}
+ hidden    | {6}             | {D}
+ rebel     | {1}             | {D}
+ spaceship | {2,33,34,35,36} | {D,A,B,C,D}
+ strike    | {3}             | {D}
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM unnest('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector);
+  lexeme   | positions | weights 
+-----------+-----------+---------
+ base      |           | 
+ hidden    |           | 
+ rebel     |           | 
+ spaceship |           | 
+ strike    |           | 
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT lexeme, positions[1] from unnest('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector);
+  lexeme   | positions 
+-----------+-----------
+ base      |         7
+ hidden    |         6
+ rebel     |         1
+ spaceship |         2
+ strike    |         3
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT tsvector_to_array('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector);
+          tsvector_to_array           
+--------------------------------------
+ {base,hidden,rebel,spaceship,strike}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT tsvector_to_array('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector);
+          tsvector_to_array           
+--------------------------------------
+ {base,hidden,rebel,spaceship,strike}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT array_to_tsvector(ARRAY['base','hidden','rebel','spaceship','strike']);
+              array_to_tsvector               
+----------------------------------------------
+ 'base' 'hidden' 'rebel' 'spaceship' 'strike'
+(1 row)
+
+-- null and empty string are disallowed, since we mustn't make an empty lexeme
+SELECT array_to_tsvector(ARRAY['base','hidden','rebel','spaceship', NULL]);
+ERROR:  lexeme array may not contain nulls
+SELECT array_to_tsvector(ARRAY['base','hidden','rebel','spaceship', '']);
+ERROR:  lexeme array may not contain empty strings
+-- array_to_tsvector must sort and de-dup
+SELECT array_to_tsvector(ARRAY['foo','bar','baz','bar']);
+ array_to_tsvector 
+-------------------
+ 'bar' 'baz' 'foo'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setweight('w:12B w:13* w:12,5,6 a:1,3* a:3 w asd:1dc asd zxc:81,567,222A'::tsvector, 'c');
+                        setweight                         
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ 'a':1C,3C 'asd':1C 'w':5C,6C,12C,13C 'zxc':81C,222C,567C
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setweight('a:1,3A asd:1C w:5,6,12B,13A zxc:81,222A,567'::tsvector, 'c');
+                        setweight                         
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ 'a':1C,3C 'asd':1C 'w':5C,6C,12C,13C 'zxc':81C,222C,567C
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setweight('a:1,3A asd:1C w:5,6,12B,13A zxc:81,222A,567'::tsvector, 'c', '{a}');
+                      setweight                       
+------------------------------------------------------
+ 'a':1C,3C 'asd':1C 'w':5,6,12B,13A 'zxc':81,222A,567
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setweight('a:1,3A asd:1C w:5,6,12B,13A zxc:81,222A,567'::tsvector, 'c', '{a}');
+                      setweight                       
+------------------------------------------------------
+ 'a':1C,3C 'asd':1C 'w':5,6,12B,13A 'zxc':81,222A,567
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setweight('a:1,3A asd:1C w:5,6,12B,13A zxc:81,222A,567'::tsvector, 'c', '{a,zxc}');
+                       setweight                        
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ 'a':1C,3C 'asd':1C 'w':5,6,12B,13A 'zxc':81C,222C,567C
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT setweight('a asd w:5,6,12B,13A zxc'::tsvector, 'c', ARRAY['a', 'zxc', '', NULL]);
+            setweight            
+---------------------------------
+ 'a' 'asd' 'w':5,6,12B,13A 'zxc'
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_filter('base:7A empir:17 evil:15 first:11 galact:16 hidden:6A rebel:1A spaceship:2A strike:3A victori:12 won:9'::tsvector, '{a}');
+                          ts_filter                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ 'base':7A 'hidden':6A 'rebel':1A 'spaceship':2A 'strike':3A
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_filter('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, '{a}');
+ ts_filter 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT ts_filter('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, '{a,b,NULL}');
+ERROR:  weight array may not contain nulls
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tuplesort.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tuplesort.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..418f296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tuplesort.out
@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+-- only use parallelism when explicitly intending to do so
+SET max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 0;
+SET max_parallel_workers = 0;
+-- A table with contents that, when sorted, triggers abbreviated
+-- key aborts. One easy way to achieve that is to use uuids that all
+-- have the same prefix, as abbreviated keys for uuids just use the
+-- first sizeof(Datum) bytes.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE abbrev_abort_uuids (
+    id serial not null,
+    abort_increasing uuid,
+    abort_decreasing uuid,
+    noabort_increasing uuid,
+    noabort_decreasing uuid);
+INSERT INTO abbrev_abort_uuids (abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing)
+    SELECT
+        ('00000000-0000-0000-0000-'||to_char(g.i, '000000000000FM'))::uuid abort_increasing,
+        ('00000000-0000-0000-0000-'||to_char(20000 - g.i, '000000000000FM'))::uuid abort_decreasing,
+        (to_char(g.i % 10009, '00000000FM')||'-0000-0000-0000-'||to_char(g.i, '000000000000FM'))::uuid noabort_increasing,
+        (to_char(((20000 - g.i) % 10009), '00000000FM')||'-0000-0000-0000-'||to_char(20000 - g.i, '000000000000FM'))::uuid noabort_decreasing
+    FROM generate_series(0, 20000, 1) g(i);
+-- and a few NULLs
+INSERT INTO abbrev_abort_uuids(id) VALUES(0);
+INSERT INTO abbrev_abort_uuids DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO abbrev_abort_uuids DEFAULT VALUES;
+-- add just a few duplicates
+INSERT INTO abbrev_abort_uuids (abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing)
+    SELECT abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+    FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+    WHERE (id < 10 OR id > 19990) AND id % 3 = 0 AND abort_increasing is not null;
+----
+-- Check sort node uses of tuplesort wrt. abbreviated keys
+----
+-- plain sort triggering abbreviated abort
+SELECT abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_increasing OFFSET 20000 - 4;
+           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019992 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000008
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019993 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000007
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019994 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000006
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019994 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000006
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019995 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000005
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019996 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019997 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019997 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019999 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+                                      | 
+                                      | 
+                                      | 
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_decreasing NULLS FIRST OFFSET 20000 - 4;
+           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000011 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019989
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000010 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019990
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000009 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019991
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000008 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019992
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000008 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019992
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000007 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019993
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000006 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019994
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000005 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019995
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000005 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019995
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019996
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019997
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019999
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000
+(15 rows)
+
+-- plain sort not triggering abbreviated abort
+SELECT noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_increasing OFFSET 20000 - 4;
+          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+ 00009997-0000-0000-0000-000000009997 | 00010003-0000-0000-0000-000000010003
+ 00009998-0000-0000-0000-000000009998 | 00010002-0000-0000-0000-000000010002
+ 00009999-0000-0000-0000-000000009999 | 00010001-0000-0000-0000-000000010001
+ 00010000-0000-0000-0000-000000010000 | 00010000-0000-0000-0000-000000010000
+ 00010001-0000-0000-0000-000000010001 | 00009999-0000-0000-0000-000000009999
+ 00010002-0000-0000-0000-000000010002 | 00009998-0000-0000-0000-000000009998
+ 00010003-0000-0000-0000-000000010003 | 00009997-0000-0000-0000-000000009997
+ 00010004-0000-0000-0000-000000010004 | 00009996-0000-0000-0000-000000009996
+ 00010005-0000-0000-0000-000000010005 | 00009995-0000-0000-0000-000000009995
+ 00010006-0000-0000-0000-000000010006 | 00009994-0000-0000-0000-000000009994
+ 00010007-0000-0000-0000-000000010007 | 00009993-0000-0000-0000-000000009993
+ 00010008-0000-0000-0000-000000010008 | 00009992-0000-0000-0000-000000009992
+                                      | 
+                                      | 
+                                      | 
+(15 rows)
+
+SELECT noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing NULLS FIRST OFFSET 20000 - 4;
+          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+ 00010006-0000-0000-0000-000000010006 | 00009994-0000-0000-0000-000000009994
+ 00010005-0000-0000-0000-000000010005 | 00009995-0000-0000-0000-000000009995
+ 00010004-0000-0000-0000-000000010004 | 00009996-0000-0000-0000-000000009996
+ 00010003-0000-0000-0000-000000010003 | 00009997-0000-0000-0000-000000009997
+ 00010002-0000-0000-0000-000000010002 | 00009998-0000-0000-0000-000000009998
+ 00010001-0000-0000-0000-000000010001 | 00009999-0000-0000-0000-000000009999
+ 00010000-0000-0000-0000-000000010000 | 00010000-0000-0000-0000-000000010000
+ 00009999-0000-0000-0000-000000009999 | 00010001-0000-0000-0000-000000010001
+ 00009998-0000-0000-0000-000000009998 | 00010002-0000-0000-0000-000000010002
+ 00009997-0000-0000-0000-000000009997 | 00010003-0000-0000-0000-000000010003
+ 00009996-0000-0000-0000-000000009996 | 00010004-0000-0000-0000-000000010004
+ 00009995-0000-0000-0000-000000009995 | 00010005-0000-0000-0000-000000010005
+ 00009994-0000-0000-0000-000000009994 | 00010006-0000-0000-0000-000000010006
+ 00009993-0000-0000-0000-000000009993 | 00010007-0000-0000-0000-000000010007
+ 00009992-0000-0000-0000-000000009992 | 00010008-0000-0000-0000-000000010008
+(15 rows)
+
+-- bounded sort (disables abbreviated keys)
+SELECT abort_increasing, noabort_increasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_increasing LIMIT 5;
+           abort_increasing           |          noabort_increasing          
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00000002-0000-0000-0000-000000000002
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00000002-0000-0000-0000-000000000002
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003 | 00000003-0000-0000-0000-000000000003
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT abort_increasing, noabort_increasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_increasing NULLS FIRST LIMIT 5;
+           abort_increasing           |          noabort_increasing          
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+                                      | 
+                                      | 
+                                      | 
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010009 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010009
+(5 rows)
+
+----
+-- Check index creation uses of tuplesort wrt. abbreviated keys
+----
+-- index creation using abbreviated keys successfully
+CREATE INDEX abbrev_abort_uuids__noabort_increasing_idx ON abbrev_abort_uuids (noabort_increasing);
+CREATE INDEX abbrev_abort_uuids__noabort_decreasing_idx ON abbrev_abort_uuids (noabort_decreasing);
+-- verify
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT id, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_increasing LIMIT 5;
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan using abbrev_abort_uuids__noabort_increasing_idx on abbrev_abort_uuids
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT id, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_increasing LIMIT 5;
+  id   |          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+     1 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000
+ 10010 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010009 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000009991
+     2 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00009990-0000-0000-0000-000000019999
+ 10011 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000010010 | 00009990-0000-0000-0000-000000009990
+     3 | 00000002-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00009989-0000-0000-0000-000000019998
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT id, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing LIMIT 5;
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan using abbrev_abort_uuids__noabort_decreasing_idx on abbrev_abort_uuids
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT id, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing LIMIT 5;
+  id   |          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+ 20001 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ 20010 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+  9992 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000009991 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010009
+ 20000 | 00009990-0000-0000-0000-000000019999 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001
+  9991 | 00009990-0000-0000-0000-000000009990 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000010010
+(5 rows)
+
+-- index creation using abbreviated keys, hitting abort
+CREATE INDEX abbrev_abort_uuids__abort_increasing_idx ON abbrev_abort_uuids (abort_increasing);
+CREATE INDEX abbrev_abort_uuids__abort_decreasing_idx ON abbrev_abort_uuids (abort_decreasing);
+-- verify
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_increasing LIMIT 5;
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan using abbrev_abort_uuids__abort_increasing_idx on abbrev_abort_uuids
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_increasing LIMIT 5;
+  id   |           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+     1 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000
+     2 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019999
+     3 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998
+ 20004 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998
+     4 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019997
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_decreasing LIMIT 5;
+                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Index Scan using abbrev_abort_uuids__abort_decreasing_idx on abbrev_abort_uuids
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_decreasing LIMIT 5;
+  id   |           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+ 20001 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ 20010 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ 20000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019999 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001
+ 19999 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002
+ 19998 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019997 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003
+(5 rows)
+
+----
+-- Check CLUSTER uses of tuplesort wrt. abbreviated keys
+----
+-- when aborting, increasing order
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+CLUSTER abbrev_abort_uuids USING abbrev_abort_uuids__abort_increasing_idx;
+-- head
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid LIMIT 5;
+  id   |           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           |          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+     1 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000
+     2 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019999 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00009990-0000-0000-0000-000000019999
+     3 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998 | 00000002-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00009989-0000-0000-0000-000000019998
+ 20004 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998 | 00000002-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00009989-0000-0000-0000-000000019998
+     4 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019997 | 00000003-0000-0000-0000-000000000003 | 00009988-0000-0000-0000-000000019997
+(5 rows)
+
+-- tail
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid DESC LIMIT 5;
+  id   |           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           |          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+     0 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+ 20002 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+ 20003 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+ 20001 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ 20010 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- when aborting, decreasing order
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+CLUSTER abbrev_abort_uuids USING abbrev_abort_uuids__abort_decreasing_idx;
+-- head
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid LIMIT 5;
+  id   |           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           |          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+ 20010 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ 20001 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ 20000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019999 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00009990-0000-0000-0000-000000019999 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001
+ 19999 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00009989-0000-0000-0000-000000019998 | 00000002-0000-0000-0000-000000000002
+ 20009 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019997 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003 | 00009988-0000-0000-0000-000000019997 | 00000003-0000-0000-0000-000000000003
+(5 rows)
+
+-- tail
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid DESC LIMIT 5;
+  id   |           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           |          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+     0 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+ 20002 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+ 20003 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+     1 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000
+     2 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019999 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00009990-0000-0000-0000-000000019999
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- when not aborting, increasing order
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+CLUSTER abbrev_abort_uuids USING abbrev_abort_uuids__noabort_increasing_idx;
+-- head
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid LIMIT 5;
+  id   |           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           |          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+     1 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000
+ 10010 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010009 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000009991 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010009 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000009991
+     2 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019999 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00009990-0000-0000-0000-000000019999
+ 10011 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010010 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000009990 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000010010 | 00009990-0000-0000-0000-000000009990
+ 20004 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998 | 00000002-0000-0000-0000-000000000002 | 00009989-0000-0000-0000-000000019998
+(5 rows)
+
+-- tail
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid DESC LIMIT 5;
+  id   |           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           |          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+     0 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+ 20002 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+ 20003 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+ 10009 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010008 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000009992 | 00010008-0000-0000-0000-000000010008 | 00009992-0000-0000-0000-000000009992
+ 10008 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010007 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000009993 | 00010007-0000-0000-0000-000000010007 | 00009993-0000-0000-0000-000000009993
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- when no aborting, decreasing order
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+CLUSTER abbrev_abort_uuids USING abbrev_abort_uuids__noabort_decreasing_idx;
+-- head
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid LIMIT 5;
+  id   |           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           |          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+ 20010 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ 20001 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000020000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+  9992 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000009991 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010009 | 00009991-0000-0000-0000-000000009991 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010009
+ 20000 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019999 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | 00009990-0000-0000-0000-000000019999 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001
+  9991 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000009990 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010010 | 00009990-0000-0000-0000-000000009990 | 00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000010010
+(5 rows)
+
+-- tail
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid DESC LIMIT 5;
+  id   |           abort_increasing           |           abort_decreasing           |          noabort_increasing          |          noabort_decreasing          
+-------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------
+     0 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+ 20003 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+ 20002 |                                      |                                      |                                      | 
+  9993 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000009992 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010008 | 00009992-0000-0000-0000-000000009992 | 00010008-0000-0000-0000-000000010008
+  9994 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000009993 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000010007 | 00009993-0000-0000-0000-000000009993 | 00010007-0000-0000-0000-000000010007
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+----
+-- test forward and backward scans for in-memory and disk based tuplesort
+----
+-- in-memory
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+-- unfortunately can't show analyze output confirming sort method,
+-- the memory used output wouldn't be stable
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: noabort_decreasing
+   ->  Seq Scan on abbrev_abort_uuids
+(3 rows)
+
+DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing;
+-- first and second
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+          noabort_decreasing          
+--------------------------------------
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+          noabort_decreasing          
+--------------------------------------
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- scroll beyond beginning
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+          noabort_decreasing          
+--------------------------------------
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+          noabort_decreasing          
+--------------------------------------
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- scroll beyond end end
+FETCH LAST FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- disk based
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+SET LOCAL work_mem = '100kB';
+-- unfortunately can't show analyze output confirming sort method,
+-- the memory used output wouldn't be stable
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: noabort_decreasing
+   ->  Seq Scan on abbrev_abort_uuids
+(3 rows)
+
+DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing;
+-- first and second
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+          noabort_decreasing          
+--------------------------------------
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+          noabort_decreasing          
+--------------------------------------
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- scroll beyond beginning
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+          noabort_decreasing          
+--------------------------------------
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+          noabort_decreasing          
+--------------------------------------
+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+-- scroll beyond end end
+FETCH LAST FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+ noabort_decreasing 
+--------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+----
+-- test tuplesort using both in-memory and disk sort
+---
+-- memory based
+SELECT
+    -- fixed-width by-value datum
+    (array_agg(id ORDER BY id DESC NULLS FIRST))[0:5],
+    -- fixed-width by-ref datum
+    (array_agg(abort_increasing ORDER BY abort_increasing DESC NULLS LAST))[0:5],
+    -- variable-width datum
+    (array_agg(id::text ORDER BY id::text DESC NULLS LAST))[0:5],
+    -- fixed width by-value datum tuplesort
+    percentile_disc(0.99) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id),
+    -- ensure state is shared
+    percentile_disc(0.01) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id),
+    -- fixed width by-ref datum tuplesort
+    percentile_disc(0.8) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY abort_increasing),
+    -- variable width by-ref datum tuplesort
+    percentile_disc(0.2) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id::text),
+    -- multi-column tuplesort
+    rank('00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000', '2', '2') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY noabort_increasing, id, id::text)
+FROM (
+    SELECT * FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) s;
+           array_agg            |                                                                                         array_agg                                                                                          |         array_agg          | percentile_disc | percentile_disc |           percentile_disc            | percentile_disc | rank 
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------+------
+ {NULL,20010,20009,20008,20007} | {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000,00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000,00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019999,00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998,00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019997} | {9999,9998,9997,9996,9995} |           19810 |             200 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000016003 | 136             |    2
+(1 row)
+
+-- disk based (see also above)
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL work_mem = '100kB';
+SELECT
+    (array_agg(id ORDER BY id DESC NULLS FIRST))[0:5],
+    (array_agg(abort_increasing ORDER BY abort_increasing DESC NULLS LAST))[0:5],
+    (array_agg(id::text ORDER BY id::text DESC NULLS LAST))[0:5],
+    percentile_disc(0.99) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id),
+    percentile_disc(0.01) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id),
+    percentile_disc(0.8) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY abort_increasing),
+    percentile_disc(0.2) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id::text),
+    rank('00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000', '2', '2') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY noabort_increasing, id, id::text)
+FROM (
+    SELECT * FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) s;
+           array_agg            |                                                                                         array_agg                                                                                          |         array_agg          | percentile_disc | percentile_disc |           percentile_disc            | percentile_disc | rank 
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------+------
+ {NULL,20010,20009,20008,20007} | {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000,00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000020000,00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019999,00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019998,00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000019997} | {9999,9998,9997,9996,9995} |           19810 |             200 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000016003 | 136             |    2
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+----
+-- test tuplesort mark/restore
+---
+CREATE TEMP TABLE test_mark_restore(col1 int, col2 int, col12 int);
+-- need a few duplicates for mark/restore to matter
+INSERT INTO test_mark_restore(col1, col2, col12)
+   SELECT a.i, b.i, a.i * b.i FROM generate_series(1, 500) a(i), generate_series(1, 5) b(i);
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_nestloop = off;
+SET LOCAL enable_hashjoin = off;
+SET LOCAL enable_material = off;
+-- set query into variable once, to avoid repetition of the fairly long query
+SELECT $$
+    SELECT col12, count(distinct a.col1), count(distinct a.col2), count(distinct b.col1), count(distinct b.col2), count(*)
+    FROM test_mark_restore a
+        JOIN test_mark_restore b USING(col12)
+    GROUP BY 1
+    HAVING count(*) > 1
+    ORDER BY 2 DESC, 1 DESC, 3 DESC, 4 DESC, 5 DESC, 6 DESC
+    LIMIT 10
+$$ AS qry \gset
+-- test mark/restore with in-memory sorts
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) :qry;
+                                                                                 QUERY PLAN                                                                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: (count(DISTINCT a.col1)) DESC, a.col12 DESC, (count(DISTINCT a.col2)) DESC, (count(DISTINCT b.col1)) DESC, (count(DISTINCT b.col2)) DESC, (count(*)) DESC
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: a.col12
+               Filter: (count(*) > 1)
+               ->  Merge Join
+                     Merge Cond: (a.col12 = b.col12)
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: a.col12 DESC
+                           ->  Seq Scan on test_mark_restore a
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: b.col12 DESC
+                           ->  Seq Scan on test_mark_restore b
+(14 rows)
+
+:qry;
+ col12 | count | count | count | count | count 
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+   480 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   420 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   360 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   300 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   240 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   180 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   120 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+    60 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   960 |     4 |     4 |     4 |     4 |    16
+   900 |     4 |     4 |     4 |     4 |    16
+(10 rows)
+
+-- test mark/restore with on-disk sorts
+SET LOCAL work_mem = '100kB';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) :qry;
+                                                                                 QUERY PLAN                                                                                  
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: (count(DISTINCT a.col1)) DESC, a.col12 DESC, (count(DISTINCT a.col2)) DESC, (count(DISTINCT b.col1)) DESC, (count(DISTINCT b.col2)) DESC, (count(*)) DESC
+         ->  GroupAggregate
+               Group Key: a.col12
+               Filter: (count(*) > 1)
+               ->  Merge Join
+                     Merge Cond: (a.col12 = b.col12)
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: a.col12 DESC
+                           ->  Seq Scan on test_mark_restore a
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: b.col12 DESC
+                           ->  Seq Scan on test_mark_restore b
+(14 rows)
+
+:qry;
+ col12 | count | count | count | count | count 
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+   480 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   420 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   360 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   300 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   240 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   180 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   120 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+    60 |     5 |     5 |     5 |     5 |    25
+   960 |     4 |     4 |     4 |     4 |    16
+   900 |     4 |     4 |     4 |     4 |    16
+(10 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/txid.out b/src/test/regress/expected/txid.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95ba66e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/txid.out
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+-- txid_snapshot data type and related functions
+-- Note: these are backward-compatibility functions and types, and have been
+-- replaced by new xid8-based variants.  See xid.sql.  The txid variants will
+-- be removed in a future release.
+-- i/o
+select '12:13:'::txid_snapshot;
+ txid_snapshot 
+---------------
+ 12:13:
+(1 row)
+
+select '12:18:14,16'::txid_snapshot;
+ txid_snapshot 
+---------------
+ 12:18:14,16
+(1 row)
+
+select '12:16:14,14'::txid_snapshot;
+ txid_snapshot 
+---------------
+ 12:16:14
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors
+select '31:12:'::txid_snapshot;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_snapshot: "31:12:"
+LINE 1: select '31:12:'::txid_snapshot;
+               ^
+select '0:1:'::txid_snapshot;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_snapshot: "0:1:"
+LINE 1: select '0:1:'::txid_snapshot;
+               ^
+select '12:13:0'::txid_snapshot;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_snapshot: "12:13:0"
+LINE 1: select '12:13:0'::txid_snapshot;
+               ^
+select '12:16:14,13'::txid_snapshot;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_snapshot: "12:16:14,13"
+LINE 1: select '12:16:14,13'::txid_snapshot;
+               ^
+create temp table snapshot_test (
+	nr	integer,
+	snap	txid_snapshot
+);
+insert into snapshot_test values (1, '12:13:');
+insert into snapshot_test values (2, '12:20:13,15,18');
+insert into snapshot_test values (3, '100001:100009:100005,100007,100008');
+insert into snapshot_test values (4, '100:150:101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131');
+select snap from snapshot_test order by nr;
+                                                                snap                                                                 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 12:13:
+ 12:20:13,15,18
+ 100001:100009:100005,100007,100008
+ 100:150:101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131
+(4 rows)
+
+select  txid_snapshot_xmin(snap),
+	txid_snapshot_xmax(snap),
+	txid_snapshot_xip(snap)
+from snapshot_test order by nr;
+ txid_snapshot_xmin | txid_snapshot_xmax | txid_snapshot_xip 
+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------
+                 12 |                 20 |                13
+                 12 |                 20 |                15
+                 12 |                 20 |                18
+             100001 |             100009 |            100005
+             100001 |             100009 |            100007
+             100001 |             100009 |            100008
+                100 |                150 |               101
+                100 |                150 |               102
+                100 |                150 |               103
+                100 |                150 |               104
+                100 |                150 |               105
+                100 |                150 |               106
+                100 |                150 |               107
+                100 |                150 |               108
+                100 |                150 |               109
+                100 |                150 |               110
+                100 |                150 |               111
+                100 |                150 |               112
+                100 |                150 |               113
+                100 |                150 |               114
+                100 |                150 |               115
+                100 |                150 |               116
+                100 |                150 |               117
+                100 |                150 |               118
+                100 |                150 |               119
+                100 |                150 |               120
+                100 |                150 |               121
+                100 |                150 |               122
+                100 |                150 |               123
+                100 |                150 |               124
+                100 |                150 |               125
+                100 |                150 |               126
+                100 |                150 |               127
+                100 |                150 |               128
+                100 |                150 |               129
+                100 |                150 |               130
+                100 |                150 |               131
+(37 rows)
+
+select id, txid_visible_in_snapshot(id, snap)
+from snapshot_test, generate_series(11, 21) id
+where nr = 2;
+ id | txid_visible_in_snapshot 
+----+--------------------------
+ 11 | t
+ 12 | t
+ 13 | f
+ 14 | t
+ 15 | f
+ 16 | t
+ 17 | t
+ 18 | f
+ 19 | t
+ 20 | f
+ 21 | f
+(11 rows)
+
+-- test bsearch
+select id, txid_visible_in_snapshot(id, snap)
+from snapshot_test, generate_series(90, 160) id
+where nr = 4;
+ id  | txid_visible_in_snapshot 
+-----+--------------------------
+  90 | t
+  91 | t
+  92 | t
+  93 | t
+  94 | t
+  95 | t
+  96 | t
+  97 | t
+  98 | t
+  99 | t
+ 100 | t
+ 101 | f
+ 102 | f
+ 103 | f
+ 104 | f
+ 105 | f
+ 106 | f
+ 107 | f
+ 108 | f
+ 109 | f
+ 110 | f
+ 111 | f
+ 112 | f
+ 113 | f
+ 114 | f
+ 115 | f
+ 116 | f
+ 117 | f
+ 118 | f
+ 119 | f
+ 120 | f
+ 121 | f
+ 122 | f
+ 123 | f
+ 124 | f
+ 125 | f
+ 126 | f
+ 127 | f
+ 128 | f
+ 129 | f
+ 130 | f
+ 131 | f
+ 132 | t
+ 133 | t
+ 134 | t
+ 135 | t
+ 136 | t
+ 137 | t
+ 138 | t
+ 139 | t
+ 140 | t
+ 141 | t
+ 142 | t
+ 143 | t
+ 144 | t
+ 145 | t
+ 146 | t
+ 147 | t
+ 148 | t
+ 149 | t
+ 150 | f
+ 151 | f
+ 152 | f
+ 153 | f
+ 154 | f
+ 155 | f
+ 156 | f
+ 157 | f
+ 158 | f
+ 159 | f
+ 160 | f
+(71 rows)
+
+-- test current values also
+select txid_current() >= txid_snapshot_xmin(txid_current_snapshot());
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- we can't assume current is always less than xmax, however
+select txid_visible_in_snapshot(txid_current(), txid_current_snapshot());
+ txid_visible_in_snapshot 
+--------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- test 64bitness
+select txid_snapshot '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013';
+                            txid_snapshot                            
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013
+(1 row)
+
+select txid_visible_in_snapshot('1000100010001012', '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013');
+ txid_visible_in_snapshot 
+--------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select txid_visible_in_snapshot('1000100010001015', '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013');
+ txid_visible_in_snapshot 
+--------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- test 64bit overflow
+SELECT txid_snapshot '1:9223372036854775807:3';
+      txid_snapshot      
+-------------------------
+ 1:9223372036854775807:3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT txid_snapshot '1:9223372036854775808:3';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_snapshot: "1:9223372036854775808:3"
+LINE 1: SELECT txid_snapshot '1:9223372036854775808:3';
+                             ^
+-- test txid_current_if_assigned
+BEGIN;
+SELECT txid_current_if_assigned() IS NULL;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT txid_current() \gset
+SELECT txid_current_if_assigned() IS NOT DISTINCT FROM BIGINT :'txid_current';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- test xid status functions
+BEGIN;
+SELECT txid_current() AS committed \gset
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+SELECT txid_current() AS rolledback \gset
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+SELECT txid_current() AS inprogress \gset
+SELECT txid_status(:committed) AS committed;
+ committed 
+-----------
+ committed
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT txid_status(:rolledback) AS rolledback;
+ rolledback 
+------------
+ aborted
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT txid_status(:inprogress) AS inprogress;
+ inprogress  
+-------------
+ in progress
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT txid_status(1); -- BootstrapTransactionId is always committed
+ txid_status 
+-------------
+ committed
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT txid_status(2); -- FrozenTransactionId is always committed
+ txid_status 
+-------------
+ committed
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT txid_status(3); -- in regress testing FirstNormalTransactionId will always be behind oldestXmin
+ txid_status 
+-------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION test_future_xid_status(bigint)
+RETURNS void
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  PERFORM txid_status($1);
+  RAISE EXCEPTION 'didn''t ERROR at xid in the future as expected';
+EXCEPTION
+  WHEN invalid_parameter_value THEN
+    RAISE NOTICE 'Got expected error for xid in the future';
+END;
+$$;
+SELECT test_future_xid_status(:inprogress + 10000);
+NOTICE:  Got expected error for xid in the future
+ test_future_xid_status 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/type_sanity.out b/src/test/regress/expected/type_sanity.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3ac08c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/type_sanity.out
@@ -0,0 +1,773 @@
+--
+-- TYPE_SANITY
+-- Sanity checks for common errors in making type-related system tables:
+-- pg_type, pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_range.
+--
+-- None of the SELECTs here should ever find any matching entries,
+-- so the expected output is easy to maintain ;-).
+-- A test failure indicates someone messed up an entry in the system tables.
+--
+-- NB: we assume the oidjoins test will have caught any dangling links,
+-- that is OID or REGPROC fields that are not zero and do not match some
+-- row in the linked-to table.  However, if we want to enforce that a link
+-- field can't be 0, we have to check it here.
+-- **************** pg_type ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_type fields.
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE t1.typnamespace = 0 OR
+    (t1.typlen <= 0 AND t1.typlen != -1 AND t1.typlen != -2) OR
+    (t1.typtype not in ('b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'm', 'p', 'r')) OR
+    NOT t1.typisdefined OR
+    (t1.typalign not in ('c', 's', 'i', 'd')) OR
+    (t1.typstorage not in ('p', 'x', 'e', 'm'));
+ oid | typname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for "pass by value" types that can't be passed by value.
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE t1.typbyval AND
+    (t1.typlen != 1 OR t1.typalign != 'c') AND
+    (t1.typlen != 2 OR t1.typalign != 's') AND
+    (t1.typlen != 4 OR t1.typalign != 'i') AND
+    (t1.typlen != 8 OR t1.typalign != 'd');
+ oid | typname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for "toastable" types that aren't varlena.
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE t1.typstorage != 'p' AND
+    (t1.typbyval OR t1.typlen != -1);
+ oid | typname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for complex types that do not have a typrelid entry,
+-- or basic types that do.
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE (t1.typtype = 'c' AND t1.typrelid = 0) OR
+    (t1.typtype != 'c' AND t1.typrelid != 0);
+ oid | typname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for types that should have an array type but don't.
+-- Generally anything that's not a pseudotype should have an array type.
+-- However, we do have a small number of exceptions.
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE t1.typtype not in ('p') AND t1.typname NOT LIKE E'\\_%'
+    AND NOT EXISTS
+    (SELECT 1 FROM pg_type as t2
+     WHERE t2.typname = ('_' || t1.typname)::name AND
+           t2.typelem = t1.oid and t1.typarray = t2.oid)
+ORDER BY t1.oid;
+ oid  |           typname            
+------+------------------------------
+  194 | pg_node_tree
+ 3361 | pg_ndistinct
+ 3402 | pg_dependencies
+ 4600 | pg_brin_bloom_summary
+ 4601 | pg_brin_minmax_multi_summary
+ 5017 | pg_mcv_list
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Make sure typarray points to a "true" array type of our own base
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname as basetype, t2.typname as arraytype,
+       t2.typsubscript
+FROM   pg_type t1 LEFT JOIN pg_type t2 ON (t1.typarray = t2.oid)
+WHERE  t1.typarray <> 0 AND
+       (t2.oid IS NULL OR
+        t2.typsubscript <> 'array_subscript_handler'::regproc);
+ oid | basetype | arraytype | typsubscript 
+-----+----------+-----------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for range types that do not have a pg_range entry
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE t1.typtype = 'r' AND
+   NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_range r WHERE rngtypid = t1.oid);
+ oid | typname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for range types whose typalign isn't sufficient
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t1.typalign, t2.typname, t2.typalign
+FROM pg_type as t1
+     LEFT JOIN pg_range as r ON rngtypid = t1.oid
+     LEFT JOIN pg_type as t2 ON rngsubtype = t2.oid
+WHERE t1.typtype = 'r' AND
+    (t1.typalign != (CASE WHEN t2.typalign = 'd' THEN 'd'::"char"
+                          ELSE 'i'::"char" END)
+     OR t2.oid IS NULL);
+ oid | typname | typalign | typname | typalign 
+-----+---------+----------+---------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Text conversion routines must be provided.
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE (t1.typinput = 0 OR t1.typoutput = 0);
+ oid | typname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for bogus typinput routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typinput = p1.oid AND NOT
+    ((p1.pronargs = 1 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'cstring'::regtype) OR
+     (p1.pronargs = 2 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'cstring'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[1] = 'oid'::regtype) OR
+     (p1.pronargs = 3 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'cstring'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[1] = 'oid'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[2] = 'int4'::regtype));
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for type of the variadic array parameter's elements.
+-- provariadic should be ANYOID if the type of the last element is ANYOID,
+-- ANYELEMENTOID if the type of the last element is ANYARRAYOID,
+-- ANYCOMPATIBLEOID if the type of the last element is ANYCOMPATIBLEARRAYOID,
+-- and otherwise the element type corresponding to the array type.
+SELECT oid::regprocedure, provariadic::regtype, proargtypes::regtype[]
+FROM pg_proc
+WHERE provariadic != 0
+AND case proargtypes[array_length(proargtypes, 1)-1]
+	WHEN '"any"'::regtype THEN '"any"'::regtype
+	WHEN 'anyarray'::regtype THEN 'anyelement'::regtype
+	WHEN 'anycompatiblearray'::regtype THEN 'anycompatible'::regtype
+	ELSE (SELECT t.oid
+		  FROM pg_type t
+		  WHERE t.typarray = proargtypes[array_length(proargtypes, 1)-1])
+	END  != provariadic;
+ oid | provariadic | proargtypes 
+-----+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check that all and only those functions with a variadic type have
+-- a variadic argument.
+SELECT oid::regprocedure, proargmodes, provariadic
+FROM pg_proc
+WHERE (proargmodes IS NOT NULL AND 'v' = any(proargmodes))
+    IS DISTINCT FROM
+    (provariadic != 0);
+ oid | proargmodes | provariadic 
+-----+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- As of 8.0, this check finds refcursor, which is borrowing
+-- other types' I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typinput = p1.oid AND t1.typtype in ('b', 'p') AND NOT
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen < 0) AND NOT
+    (p1.prorettype = t1.oid AND NOT p1.proretset)
+ORDER BY 1;
+ oid  |  typname  | oid | proname 
+------+-----------+-----+---------
+ 1790 | refcursor |  46 | textin
+(1 row)
+
+-- Varlena array types will point to array_in
+-- Exception as of 8.1: int2vector and oidvector have their own I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typinput = p1.oid AND
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen < 0) AND NOT
+    (p1.oid = 'array_in'::regproc)
+ORDER BY 1;
+ oid |  typname   | oid |   proname    
+-----+------------+-----+--------------
+  22 | int2vector |  40 | int2vectorin
+  30 | oidvector  |  54 | oidvectorin
+(2 rows)
+
+-- typinput routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typinput = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Composites, domains, enums, multiranges, ranges should all use the same input routines
+SELECT DISTINCT typtype, typinput
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typtype not in ('b', 'p')
+ORDER BY 1;
+ typtype |   typinput    
+---------+---------------
+ c       | record_in
+ d       | domain_in
+ e       | enum_in
+ m       | multirange_in
+ r       | range_in
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Check for bogus typoutput routines
+-- As of 8.0, this check finds refcursor, which is borrowing
+-- other types' I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typoutput = p1.oid AND t1.typtype in ('b', 'p') AND NOT
+    (p1.pronargs = 1 AND
+     (p1.proargtypes[0] = t1.oid OR
+      (p1.oid = 'array_out'::regproc AND
+       t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen = -1)))
+ORDER BY 1;
+ oid  |  typname  | oid | proname 
+------+-----------+-----+---------
+ 1790 | refcursor |  47 | textout
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typoutput = p1.oid AND NOT
+    (p1.prorettype = 'cstring'::regtype AND NOT p1.proretset);
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- typoutput routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typoutput = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Composites, enums, multiranges, ranges should all use the same output routines
+SELECT DISTINCT typtype, typoutput
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typtype not in ('b', 'd', 'p')
+ORDER BY 1;
+ typtype |   typoutput    
+---------+----------------
+ c       | record_out
+ e       | enum_out
+ m       | multirange_out
+ r       | range_out
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Domains should have same typoutput as their base types
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t2.oid, t2.typname
+FROM pg_type AS t1 LEFT JOIN pg_type AS t2 ON t1.typbasetype = t2.oid
+WHERE t1.typtype = 'd' AND t1.typoutput IS DISTINCT FROM t2.typoutput;
+ oid | typname | oid | typname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for bogus typreceive routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typreceive = p1.oid AND NOT
+    ((p1.pronargs = 1 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype) OR
+     (p1.pronargs = 2 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[1] = 'oid'::regtype) OR
+     (p1.pronargs = 3 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[1] = 'oid'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[2] = 'int4'::regtype));
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- As of 7.4, this check finds refcursor, which is borrowing
+-- other types' I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typreceive = p1.oid AND t1.typtype in ('b', 'p') AND NOT
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen < 0) AND NOT
+    (p1.prorettype = t1.oid AND NOT p1.proretset)
+ORDER BY 1;
+ oid  |  typname  | oid  | proname  
+------+-----------+------+----------
+ 1790 | refcursor | 2414 | textrecv
+(1 row)
+
+-- Varlena array types will point to array_recv
+-- Exception as of 8.1: int2vector and oidvector have their own I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typreceive = p1.oid AND
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen < 0) AND NOT
+    (p1.oid = 'array_recv'::regproc)
+ORDER BY 1;
+ oid |  typname   | oid  |    proname     
+-----+------------+------+----------------
+  22 | int2vector | 2410 | int2vectorrecv
+  30 | oidvector  | 2420 | oidvectorrecv
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Suspicious if typreceive doesn't take same number of args as typinput
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE t1.typinput = p1.oid AND t1.typreceive = p2.oid AND
+    p1.pronargs != p2.pronargs;
+ oid | typname | oid | proname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- typreceive routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typreceive = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Composites, domains, enums, multiranges, ranges should all use the same receive routines
+SELECT DISTINCT typtype, typreceive
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typtype not in ('b', 'p')
+ORDER BY 1;
+ typtype |   typreceive    
+---------+-----------------
+ c       | record_recv
+ d       | domain_recv
+ e       | enum_recv
+ m       | multirange_recv
+ r       | range_recv
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Check for bogus typsend routines
+-- As of 7.4, this check finds refcursor, which is borrowing
+-- other types' I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typsend = p1.oid AND t1.typtype in ('b', 'p') AND NOT
+    (p1.pronargs = 1 AND
+     (p1.proargtypes[0] = t1.oid OR
+      (p1.oid = 'array_send'::regproc AND
+       t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen = -1)))
+ORDER BY 1;
+ oid  |  typname  | oid  | proname  
+------+-----------+------+----------
+ 1790 | refcursor | 2415 | textsend
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typsend = p1.oid AND NOT
+    (p1.prorettype = 'bytea'::regtype AND NOT p1.proretset);
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- typsend routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typsend = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Composites, enums, multiranges, ranges should all use the same send routines
+SELECT DISTINCT typtype, typsend
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typtype not in ('b', 'd', 'p')
+ORDER BY 1;
+ typtype |     typsend     
+---------+-----------------
+ c       | record_send
+ e       | enum_send
+ m       | multirange_send
+ r       | range_send
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Domains should have same typsend as their base types
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t2.oid, t2.typname
+FROM pg_type AS t1 LEFT JOIN pg_type AS t2 ON t1.typbasetype = t2.oid
+WHERE t1.typtype = 'd' AND t1.typsend IS DISTINCT FROM t2.typsend;
+ oid | typname | oid | typname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for bogus typmodin routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typmodin = p1.oid AND NOT
+    (p1.pronargs = 1 AND
+     p1.proargtypes[0] = 'cstring[]'::regtype AND
+     p1.prorettype = 'int4'::regtype AND NOT p1.proretset);
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- typmodin routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typmodin = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for bogus typmodout routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typmodout = p1.oid AND NOT
+    (p1.pronargs = 1 AND
+     p1.proargtypes[0] = 'int4'::regtype AND
+     p1.prorettype = 'cstring'::regtype AND NOT p1.proretset);
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- typmodout routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typmodout = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Array types should have same typmodin/out as their element types
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t2.oid, t2.typname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_type AS t2
+WHERE t1.typelem = t2.oid AND NOT
+    (t1.typmodin = t2.typmodin AND t1.typmodout = t2.typmodout);
+ oid | typname | oid | typname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Array types should have same typdelim as their element types
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t2.oid, t2.typname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_type AS t2
+WHERE t1.typarray = t2.oid AND NOT (t1.typdelim = t2.typdelim);
+ oid | typname | oid | typname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Look for array types whose typalign isn't sufficient
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t1.typalign, t2.typname, t2.typalign
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_type AS t2
+WHERE t1.typarray = t2.oid AND
+    t2.typalign != (CASE WHEN t1.typalign = 'd' THEN 'd'::"char"
+                         ELSE 'i'::"char" END);
+ oid | typname | typalign | typname | typalign 
+-----+---------+----------+---------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for typelem set without a handler
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t1.typelem
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typsubscript = 0;
+ oid | typname | typelem 
+-----+---------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for misuse of standard subscript handlers
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname,
+       t1.typelem, t1.typlen, t1.typbyval
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typsubscript = 'array_subscript_handler'::regproc AND NOT
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen = -1 AND NOT t1.typbyval);
+ oid | typname | typelem | typlen | typbyval 
+-----+---------+---------+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname,
+       t1.typelem, t1.typlen, t1.typbyval
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typsubscript = 'raw_array_subscript_handler'::regproc AND NOT
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen > 0 AND NOT t1.typbyval);
+ oid | typname | typelem | typlen | typbyval 
+-----+---------+---------+--------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Check for bogus typanalyze routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typanalyze = p1.oid AND NOT
+    (p1.pronargs = 1 AND
+     p1.proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype AND
+     p1.prorettype = 'bool'::regtype AND NOT p1.proretset);
+ oid | typname | oid | proname 
+-----+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- there does not seem to be a reason to care about volatility of typanalyze
+-- domains inherit their base type's typanalyze
+SELECT d.oid, d.typname, d.typanalyze, t.oid, t.typname, t.typanalyze
+FROM pg_type d JOIN pg_type t ON d.typbasetype = t.oid
+WHERE d.typanalyze != t.typanalyze;
+ oid | typname | typanalyze | oid | typname | typanalyze 
+-----+---------+------------+-----+---------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- range_typanalyze should be used for all and only range types
+-- (but exclude domains, which we checked above)
+SELECT t.oid, t.typname, t.typanalyze
+FROM pg_type t LEFT JOIN pg_range r on t.oid = r.rngtypid
+WHERE t.typbasetype = 0 AND
+    (t.typanalyze = 'range_typanalyze'::regproc) != (r.rngtypid IS NOT NULL);
+ oid | typname | typanalyze 
+-----+---------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- array_typanalyze should be used for all and only array types
+-- (but exclude domains, which we checked above)
+-- As of 9.2 this finds int2vector and oidvector, which are weird anyway
+SELECT t.oid, t.typname, t.typanalyze
+FROM pg_type t
+WHERE t.typbasetype = 0 AND
+    (t.typanalyze = 'array_typanalyze'::regproc) !=
+    (t.typsubscript = 'array_subscript_handler'::regproc)
+ORDER BY 1;
+ oid |  typname   | typanalyze 
+-----+------------+------------
+  22 | int2vector | -
+  30 | oidvector  | -
+(2 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_class ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_class fields
+SELECT c1.oid, c1.relname
+FROM pg_class as c1
+WHERE relkind NOT IN ('r', 'i', 'S', 't', 'v', 'm', 'c', 'f', 'p') OR
+    relpersistence NOT IN ('p', 'u', 't') OR
+    relreplident NOT IN ('d', 'n', 'f', 'i');
+ oid | relname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- All tables and indexes should have an access method.
+SELECT c1.oid, c1.relname
+FROM pg_class as c1
+WHERE c1.relkind NOT IN ('S', 'v', 'f', 'c') and
+    c1.relam = 0;
+ oid | relname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Conversely, sequences, views, types shouldn't have them
+SELECT c1.oid, c1.relname
+FROM pg_class as c1
+WHERE c1.relkind IN ('S', 'v', 'f', 'c') and
+    c1.relam != 0;
+ oid | relname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Indexes should have AMs of type 'i'
+SELECT pc.oid, pc.relname, pa.amname, pa.amtype
+FROM pg_class as pc JOIN pg_am AS pa ON (pc.relam = pa.oid)
+WHERE pc.relkind IN ('i') and
+    pa.amtype != 'i';
+ oid | relname | amname | amtype 
+-----+---------+--------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Tables, matviews etc should have AMs of type 't'
+SELECT pc.oid, pc.relname, pa.amname, pa.amtype
+FROM pg_class as pc JOIN pg_am AS pa ON (pc.relam = pa.oid)
+WHERE pc.relkind IN ('r', 't', 'm') and
+    pa.amtype != 't';
+ oid | relname | amname | amtype 
+-----+---------+--------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_attribute ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_attribute fields
+SELECT a1.attrelid, a1.attname
+FROM pg_attribute as a1
+WHERE a1.attrelid = 0 OR a1.atttypid = 0 OR a1.attnum = 0 OR
+    a1.attcacheoff != -1 OR a1.attinhcount < 0 OR
+    (a1.attinhcount = 0 AND NOT a1.attislocal);
+ attrelid | attname 
+----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Cross-check attnum against parent relation
+SELECT a1.attrelid, a1.attname, c1.oid, c1.relname
+FROM pg_attribute AS a1, pg_class AS c1
+WHERE a1.attrelid = c1.oid AND a1.attnum > c1.relnatts;
+ attrelid | attname | oid | relname 
+----------+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Detect missing pg_attribute entries: should have as many non-system
+-- attributes as parent relation expects
+SELECT c1.oid, c1.relname
+FROM pg_class AS c1
+WHERE c1.relnatts != (SELECT count(*) FROM pg_attribute AS a1
+                      WHERE a1.attrelid = c1.oid AND a1.attnum > 0);
+ oid | relname 
+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Cross-check against pg_type entry
+-- NOTE: we allow attstorage to be 'plain' even when typstorage is not;
+-- this is mainly for toast tables.
+SELECT a1.attrelid, a1.attname, t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_attribute AS a1, pg_type AS t1
+WHERE a1.atttypid = t1.oid AND
+    (a1.attlen != t1.typlen OR
+     a1.attalign != t1.typalign OR
+     a1.attbyval != t1.typbyval OR
+     (a1.attstorage != t1.typstorage AND a1.attstorage != 'p'));
+ attrelid | attname | oid | typname 
+----------+---------+-----+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- **************** pg_range ****************
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_range fields.
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype
+FROM pg_range as r
+WHERE r.rngtypid = 0 OR r.rngsubtype = 0 OR r.rngsubopc = 0;
+ rngtypid | rngsubtype 
+----------+------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- rngcollation should be specified iff subtype is collatable
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype, r.rngcollation, t.typcollation
+FROM pg_range r JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = r.rngsubtype
+WHERE (rngcollation = 0) != (typcollation = 0);
+ rngtypid | rngsubtype | rngcollation | typcollation 
+----------+------------+--------------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- opclass had better be a btree opclass accepting the subtype.
+-- We must allow anyarray matches, cf IsBinaryCoercible()
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype, o.opcmethod, o.opcname
+FROM pg_range r JOIN pg_opclass o ON o.oid = r.rngsubopc
+WHERE o.opcmethod != 403 OR
+    ((o.opcintype != r.rngsubtype) AND NOT
+     (o.opcintype = 'pg_catalog.anyarray'::regtype AND
+      EXISTS(select 1 from pg_catalog.pg_type where
+             oid = r.rngsubtype and typelem != 0 and
+             typsubscript = 'array_subscript_handler'::regproc)));
+ rngtypid | rngsubtype | opcmethod | opcname 
+----------+------------+-----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- canonical function, if any, had better match the range type
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype, p.proname
+FROM pg_range r JOIN pg_proc p ON p.oid = r.rngcanonical
+WHERE pronargs != 1 OR proargtypes[0] != rngtypid OR prorettype != rngtypid;
+ rngtypid | rngsubtype | proname 
+----------+------------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- subdiff function, if any, had better match the subtype
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype, p.proname
+FROM pg_range r JOIN pg_proc p ON p.oid = r.rngsubdiff
+WHERE pronargs != 2
+    OR proargtypes[0] != rngsubtype OR proargtypes[1] != rngsubtype
+    OR prorettype != 'pg_catalog.float8'::regtype;
+ rngtypid | rngsubtype | proname 
+----------+------------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- every range should have a valid multirange
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype, r.rngmultitypid
+FROM pg_range r
+WHERE r.rngmultitypid IS NULL OR r.rngmultitypid = 0;
+ rngtypid | rngsubtype | rngmultitypid 
+----------+------------+---------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- Create a table that holds all the known in-core data types and leave it
+-- around so as pg_upgrade is able to test their binary compatibility.
+CREATE TABLE tab_core_types AS SELECT
+  '(11,12)'::point,
+  '(1,1),(2,2)'::line,
+  '((11,11),(12,12))'::lseg,
+  '((11,11),(13,13))'::box,
+  '((11,12),(13,13),(14,14))'::path AS openedpath,
+  '[(11,12),(13,13),(14,14)]'::path AS closedpath,
+  '((11,12),(13,13),(14,14))'::polygon,
+  '1,1,1'::circle,
+  'today'::date,
+  'now'::time,
+  'now'::timestamp,
+  'now'::timetz,
+  'now'::timestamptz,
+  '12 seconds'::interval,
+  '{"reason":"because"}'::json,
+  '{"when":"now"}'::jsonb,
+  '$.a[*] ? (@ > 2)'::jsonpath,
+  '127.0.0.1'::inet,
+  '127.0.0.0/8'::cidr,
+  '00:01:03:86:1c:ba'::macaddr8,
+  '00:01:03:86:1c:ba'::macaddr,
+  2::int2, 4::int4, 8::int8,
+  4::float4, '8'::float8, pi()::numeric,
+  'foo'::"char",
+  'c'::bpchar,
+  'abc'::varchar,
+  'name'::name,
+  'txt'::text,
+  true::bool,
+  E'\\xDEADBEEF'::bytea,
+  B'10001'::bit,
+  B'10001'::varbit AS varbit,
+  '12.34'::money,
+  'abc'::refcursor,
+  '1 2'::int2vector,
+  '1 2'::oidvector,
+  format('%I=UC/%I', USER, USER)::aclitem AS aclitem,
+  'a fat cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat'::tsvector,
+  'fat & rat'::tsquery,
+  'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid,
+  '11'::xid8,
+  'pg_class'::regclass,
+  'regtype'::regtype type,
+  'pg_monitor'::regrole,
+  'pg_class'::regclass::oid,
+  '(1,1)'::tid, '2'::xid, '3'::cid,
+  '10:20:10,14,15'::txid_snapshot,
+  '10:20:10,14,15'::pg_snapshot,
+  '16/B374D848'::pg_lsn,
+  1::information_schema.cardinal_number,
+  'l'::information_schema.character_data,
+  'n'::information_schema.sql_identifier,
+  'now'::information_schema.time_stamp,
+  'YES'::information_schema.yes_or_no,
+  '(1,2)'::int4range, '{(1,2)}'::int4multirange,
+  '(3,4)'::int8range, '{(3,4)}'::int8multirange,
+  '(3,4)'::numrange, '{(3,4)}'::nummultirange,
+  '(2020-01-02, 2021-02-03)'::daterange,
+  '{(2020-01-02, 2021-02-03)}'::datemultirange,
+  '(2020-01-02 03:04:05, 2021-02-03 06:07:08)'::tsrange,
+  '{(2020-01-02 03:04:05, 2021-02-03 06:07:08)}'::tsmultirange,
+  '(2020-01-02 03:04:05, 2021-02-03 06:07:08)'::tstzrange,
+  '{(2020-01-02 03:04:05, 2021-02-03 06:07:08)}'::tstzmultirange;
+-- Sanity check on the previous table, checking that all core types are
+-- included in this table.
+SELECT oid, typname, typtype, typelem, typarray
+  FROM pg_type t
+  WHERE oid < 16384 AND
+    -- Exclude pseudotypes and composite types.
+    typtype NOT IN ('p', 'c') AND
+    -- These reg* types cannot be pg_upgraded, so discard them.
+    oid != ALL(ARRAY['regproc', 'regprocedure', 'regoper',
+                     'regoperator', 'regconfig', 'regdictionary',
+                     'regnamespace', 'regcollation']::regtype[]) AND
+    -- Discard types that do not accept input values as these cannot be
+    -- tested easily.
+    -- Note: XML might be disabled at compile-time.
+    oid != ALL(ARRAY['gtsvector', 'pg_node_tree',
+                     'pg_ndistinct', 'pg_dependencies', 'pg_mcv_list',
+                     'pg_brin_bloom_summary',
+                     'pg_brin_minmax_multi_summary', 'xml']::regtype[]) AND
+    -- Discard arrays.
+    NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_type u WHERE u.typarray = t.oid)
+    -- Exclude everything from the table created above.  This checks
+    -- that no in-core types are missing in tab_core_types.
+    AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1
+                    FROM pg_attribute a
+                    WHERE a.atttypid=t.oid AND
+                          a.attnum > 0 AND
+                          a.attrelid='tab_core_types'::regclass);
+ oid | typname | typtype | typelem | typarray 
+-----+---------+---------+---------+----------
+(0 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/typed_table.out b/src/test/regress/expected/typed_table.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e47ecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/typed_table.out
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+CREATE TABLE ttable1 OF nothing;
+ERROR:  type "nothing" does not exist
+CREATE TYPE person_type AS (id int, name text);
+CREATE TABLE persons OF person_type;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS persons OF person_type;
+NOTICE:  relation "persons" already exists, skipping
+SELECT * FROM persons;
+ id | name 
+----+------
+(0 rows)
+
+\d persons
+              Table "public.persons"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           |          | 
+ name   | text    |           |          | 
+Typed table of type: person_type
+
+CREATE FUNCTION get_all_persons() RETURNS SETOF person_type
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+    SELECT * FROM persons;
+$$;
+SELECT * FROM get_all_persons();
+ id | name 
+----+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- certain ALTER TABLE operations on typed tables are not allowed
+ALTER TABLE persons ADD COLUMN comment text;
+ERROR:  cannot add column to typed table
+ALTER TABLE persons DROP COLUMN name;
+ERROR:  cannot drop column from typed table
+ALTER TABLE persons RENAME COLUMN id TO num;
+ERROR:  cannot rename column of typed table
+ALTER TABLE persons ALTER COLUMN name TYPE varchar;
+ERROR:  cannot alter column type of typed table
+CREATE TABLE stuff (id int);
+ALTER TABLE persons INHERIT stuff;
+ERROR:  cannot change inheritance of typed table
+CREATE TABLE personsx OF person_type (myname WITH OPTIONS NOT NULL); -- error
+ERROR:  column "myname" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE persons2 OF person_type (
+    id WITH OPTIONS PRIMARY KEY,
+    UNIQUE (name)
+);
+\d persons2
+              Table "public.persons2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | 
+ name   | text    |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "persons2_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+    "persons2_name_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (name)
+Typed table of type: person_type
+
+CREATE TABLE persons3 OF person_type (
+    PRIMARY KEY (id),
+    name WITH OPTIONS DEFAULT ''
+);
+\d persons3
+              Table "public.persons3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default  
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+----------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | 
+ name   | text    |           |          | ''::text
+Indexes:
+    "persons3_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+Typed table of type: person_type
+
+CREATE TABLE persons4 OF person_type (
+    name WITH OPTIONS NOT NULL,
+    name WITH OPTIONS DEFAULT ''  -- error, specified more than once
+);
+ERROR:  column "name" specified more than once
+DROP TYPE person_type RESTRICT;
+ERROR:  cannot drop type person_type because other objects depend on it
+DETAIL:  table persons depends on type person_type
+function get_all_persons() depends on type person_type
+table persons2 depends on type person_type
+table persons3 depends on type person_type
+HINT:  Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
+DROP TYPE person_type CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 4 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table persons
+drop cascades to function get_all_persons()
+drop cascades to table persons2
+drop cascades to table persons3
+CREATE TABLE persons5 OF stuff; -- only CREATE TYPE AS types may be used
+ERROR:  type stuff is not a composite type
+DROP TABLE stuff;
+-- implicit casting
+CREATE TYPE person_type AS (id int, name text);
+CREATE TABLE persons OF person_type;
+INSERT INTO persons VALUES (1, 'test');
+CREATE FUNCTION namelen(person_type) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT length($1.name) $$;
+SELECT id, namelen(persons) FROM persons;
+ id | namelen 
+----+---------
+  1 |       4
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE persons2 OF person_type (
+    id WITH OPTIONS PRIMARY KEY,
+    UNIQUE (name)
+);
+\d persons2
+              Table "public.persons2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | 
+ name   | text    |           |          | 
+Indexes:
+    "persons2_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+    "persons2_name_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (name)
+Typed table of type: person_type
+
+CREATE TABLE persons3 OF person_type (
+    PRIMARY KEY (id),
+    name NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
+);
+\d persons3
+              Table "public.persons3"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default  
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+----------
+ id     | integer |           | not null | 
+ name   | text    |           | not null | ''::text
+Indexes:
+    "persons3_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+Typed table of type: person_type
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/unicode.out b/src/test/regress/expected/unicode.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2713a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/unicode.out
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() <> 'UTF8' AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+SELECT U&'\0061\0308bc' <> U&'\00E4bc' COLLATE "C" AS sanity_check;
+ sanity_check 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT normalize('');
+ normalize 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT normalize(U&'\0061\0308\24D1c') = U&'\00E4\24D1c' COLLATE "C" AS test_default;
+ test_default 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT normalize(U&'\0061\0308\24D1c', NFC) = U&'\00E4\24D1c' COLLATE "C" AS test_nfc;
+ test_nfc 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT normalize(U&'\00E4bc', NFC) = U&'\00E4bc' COLLATE "C" AS test_nfc_idem;
+ test_nfc_idem 
+---------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT normalize(U&'\00E4\24D1c', NFD) = U&'\0061\0308\24D1c' COLLATE "C" AS test_nfd;
+ test_nfd 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT normalize(U&'\0061\0308\24D1c', NFKC) = U&'\00E4bc' COLLATE "C" AS test_nfkc;
+ test_nfkc 
+-----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT normalize(U&'\00E4\24D1c', NFKD) = U&'\0061\0308bc' COLLATE "C" AS test_nfkd;
+ test_nfkd 
+-----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT "normalize"('abc', 'def');  -- run-time error
+ERROR:  invalid normalization form: def
+SELECT U&'\00E4\24D1c' IS NORMALIZED AS test_default;
+ test_default 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT U&'\00E4\24D1c' IS NFC NORMALIZED AS test_nfc;
+ test_nfc 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT num, val,
+    val IS NFC NORMALIZED AS NFC,
+    val IS NFD NORMALIZED AS NFD,
+    val IS NFKC NORMALIZED AS NFKC,
+    val IS NFKD NORMALIZED AS NFKD
+FROM
+  (VALUES (1, U&'\00E4bc'),
+          (2, U&'\0061\0308bc'),
+          (3, U&'\00E4\24D1c'),
+          (4, U&'\0061\0308\24D1c'),
+          (5, '')) vals (num, val)
+ORDER BY num;
+ num | val | nfc | nfd | nfkc | nfkd 
+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------
+   1 | äbc | t   | f   | t    | f
+   2 | äbc | f   | t   | f    | t
+   3 | äⓑc | t   | f   | f    | f
+   4 | äⓑc | f   | t   | f    | f
+   5 |     | t   | t   | t    | t
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT is_normalized('abc', 'def');  -- run-time error
+ERROR:  invalid normalization form: def
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/unicode_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/unicode_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8505c4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/unicode_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() <> 'UTF8' AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/union.out b/src/test/regress/expected/union.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dece731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/union.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1434 @@
+--
+-- UNION (also INTERSECT, EXCEPT)
+--
+-- Simple UNION constructs
+SELECT 1 AS two UNION SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+ two 
+-----
+   1
+   2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT 1 AS one UNION SELECT 1 ORDER BY 1;
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 1 AS two UNION ALL SELECT 2;
+ two 
+-----
+   1
+   2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT 1 AS two UNION ALL SELECT 1;
+ two 
+-----
+   1
+   1
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT 1 AS three UNION SELECT 2 UNION SELECT 3 ORDER BY 1;
+ three 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+     3
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT 1 AS two UNION SELECT 2 UNION SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+ two 
+-----
+   1
+   2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT 1 AS three UNION SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+ three 
+-------
+     1
+     2
+     2
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT 1.1 AS two UNION SELECT 2.2 ORDER BY 1;
+ two 
+-----
+ 1.1
+ 2.2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Mixed types
+SELECT 1.1 AS two UNION SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+ two 
+-----
+ 1.1
+   2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT 1 AS two UNION SELECT 2.2 ORDER BY 1;
+ two 
+-----
+   1
+ 2.2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT 1 AS one UNION SELECT 1.0::float8 ORDER BY 1;
+ one 
+-----
+   1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT 1.1 AS two UNION ALL SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+ two 
+-----
+ 1.1
+   2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT 1.0::float8 AS two UNION ALL SELECT 1 ORDER BY 1;
+ two 
+-----
+   1
+   1
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT 1.1 AS three UNION SELECT 2 UNION SELECT 3 ORDER BY 1;
+ three 
+-------
+   1.1
+     2
+     3
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT 1.1::float8 AS two UNION SELECT 2 UNION SELECT 2.0::float8 ORDER BY 1;
+ two 
+-----
+ 1.1
+   2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT 1.1 AS three UNION SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+ three 
+-------
+   1.1
+     2
+     2
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT 1.1 AS two UNION (SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 2) ORDER BY 1;
+ two 
+-----
+ 1.1
+   2
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Try testing from tables...
+--
+SELECT f1 AS five FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT f1 FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+ORDER BY 1;
+         five          
+-----------------------
+ -1.2345678901234e+200
+               -1004.3
+                -34.84
+ -1.2345678901234e-200
+                     0
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS ten FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+UNION ALL
+SELECT f1 FROM FLOAT8_TBL;
+          ten          
+-----------------------
+                     0
+                -34.84
+               -1004.3
+ -1.2345678901234e+200
+ -1.2345678901234e-200
+                     0
+                -34.84
+               -1004.3
+ -1.2345678901234e+200
+ -1.2345678901234e-200
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS nine FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT f1 FROM INT4_TBL
+ORDER BY 1;
+         nine          
+-----------------------
+ -1.2345678901234e+200
+           -2147483647
+               -123456
+               -1004.3
+                -34.84
+ -1.2345678901234e-200
+                     0
+                123456
+            2147483647
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS ten FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+UNION ALL
+SELECT f1 FROM INT4_TBL;
+          ten          
+-----------------------
+                     0
+                -34.84
+               -1004.3
+ -1.2345678901234e+200
+ -1.2345678901234e-200
+                     0
+                123456
+               -123456
+            2147483647
+           -2147483647
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS five FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+  WHERE f1 BETWEEN -1e6 AND 1e6
+UNION
+SELECT f1 FROM INT4_TBL
+  WHERE f1 BETWEEN 0 AND 1000000
+ORDER BY 1;
+         five          
+-----------------------
+               -1004.3
+                -34.84
+ -1.2345678901234e-200
+                     0
+                123456
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(4)) AS three FROM VARCHAR_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT f1 FROM CHAR_TBL
+ORDER BY 1;
+ three 
+-------
+ a   
+ ab  
+ abcd
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS three FROM VARCHAR_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) FROM CHAR_TBL
+ORDER BY 1;
+ three 
+-------
+ a
+ ab
+ abcd
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS eight FROM VARCHAR_TBL
+UNION ALL
+SELECT f1 FROM CHAR_TBL;
+ eight 
+-------
+ a
+ ab
+ abcd
+ abcd
+ a
+ ab
+ abcd
+ abcd
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT f1 AS five FROM TEXT_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT f1 FROM VARCHAR_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT TRIM(TRAILING FROM f1) FROM CHAR_TBL
+ORDER BY 1;
+       five        
+-------------------
+ a
+ ab
+ abcd
+ doh!
+ hi de ho neighbor
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- INTERSECT and EXCEPT
+--
+SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl INTERSECT SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+        q2        
+------------------
+              123
+ 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl INTERSECT ALL SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+        q2        
+------------------
+              123
+ 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+        q2         
+-------------------
+ -4567890123456789
+               456
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT ALL SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+        q2         
+-------------------
+ -4567890123456789
+               456
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT ALL SELECT DISTINCT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+        q2         
+-------------------
+ -4567890123456789
+               456
+  4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+ q1 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+        q1        
+------------------
+              123
+ 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT ALL SELECT DISTINCT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+        q1        
+------------------
+              123
+ 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT ALL SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl FOR NO KEY UPDATE;
+ERROR:  FOR NO KEY UPDATE is not allowed with UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT
+-- nested cases
+(SELECT 1,2,3 UNION SELECT 4,5,6) INTERSECT SELECT 4,5,6;
+ ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------+----------
+        4 |        5 |        6
+(1 row)
+
+(SELECT 1,2,3 UNION SELECT 4,5,6 ORDER BY 1,2) INTERSECT SELECT 4,5,6;
+ ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------+----------
+        4 |        5 |        6
+(1 row)
+
+(SELECT 1,2,3 UNION SELECT 4,5,6) EXCEPT SELECT 4,5,6;
+ ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------+----------
+        1 |        2 |        3
+(1 row)
+
+(SELECT 1,2,3 UNION SELECT 4,5,6 ORDER BY 1,2) EXCEPT SELECT 4,5,6;
+ ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------+----------
+        1 |        2 |        3
+(1 row)
+
+-- exercise both hashed and sorted implementations of UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT
+set enable_hashagg to on;
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: tenk1.unique1
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+               ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 tenk1_1
+(6 rows)
+
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 intersect select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Subquery Scan on ss
+         ->  HashSetOp Intersect
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+                           ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+                     ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+                           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 tenk1_1
+(8 rows)
+
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 intersect select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+ count 
+-------
+  5000
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1 except select unique2 from tenk1 where unique2 != 10;
+                               QUERY PLAN                               
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ HashSetOp Except
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+               ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+               ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 tenk1_1
+                     Filter: (unique2 <> 10)
+(7 rows)
+
+select unique1 from tenk1 except select unique2 from tenk1 where unique2 != 10;
+ unique1 
+---------
+      10
+(1 row)
+
+set enable_hashagg to off;
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Unique
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: tenk1.unique1
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on tenk1 tenk1_1
+(7 rows)
+
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+ count 
+-------
+ 10000
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 intersect select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                        
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   ->  Subquery Scan on ss
+         ->  SetOp Intersect
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: "*SELECT* 2".fivethous
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+                                 ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+                           ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+                                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 tenk1_1
+(10 rows)
+
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 intersect select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+ count 
+-------
+  5000
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1 except select unique2 from tenk1 where unique2 != 10;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ SetOp Except
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".unique1
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+                     ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+                     ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 tenk1_1
+                           Filter: (unique2 <> 10)
+(9 rows)
+
+select unique1 from tenk1 except select unique2 from tenk1 where unique2 != 10;
+ unique1 
+---------
+      10
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+-- non-hashable type
+set enable_hashagg to on;
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (100::money), (200::money)) _(x) union select x from (values (100::money), (300::money)) _(x);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(6 rows)
+
+set enable_hashagg to off;
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (100::money), (200::money)) _(x) union select x from (values (100::money), (300::money)) _(x);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(6 rows)
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+-- arrays
+set enable_hashagg to on;
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(5 rows)
+
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ {1,4}
+ {1,2}
+ {1,3}
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ HashSetOp Intersect
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(6 rows)
+
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ {1,2}
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ HashSetOp Except
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(6 rows)
+
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ {1,3}
+(1 row)
+
+-- non-hashable type
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[200::money])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[300::money])) _(x);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(6 rows)
+
+select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[200::money])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[300::money])) _(x);
+     x     
+-----------
+ {$100.00}
+ {$200.00}
+ {$300.00}
+(3 rows)
+
+set enable_hashagg to off;
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(6 rows)
+
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ {1,2}
+ {1,3}
+ {1,4}
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ SetOp Intersect
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(8 rows)
+
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ {1,2}
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ SetOp Except
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(8 rows)
+
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ {1,3}
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+-- records
+set enable_hashagg to on;
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(6 rows)
+
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ (1,2)
+ (1,3)
+ (1,4)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ SetOp Intersect
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(8 rows)
+
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ (1,2)
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ SetOp Except
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(8 rows)
+
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ (1,3)
+(1 row)
+
+-- non-hashable type
+-- With an anonymous row type, the typcache does not report that the
+-- type is hashable.  (Otherwise, this would fail at execution time.)
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(200::money))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(300::money))) _(x);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(6 rows)
+
+select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(200::money))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(300::money))) _(x);
+     x     
+-----------
+ ($100.00)
+ ($200.00)
+ ($300.00)
+(3 rows)
+
+-- With a defined row type, the typcache can inspect the type's fields
+-- for hashability.
+create type ct1 as (f1 money);
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(100::money)::ct1), (row(200::money)::ct1)) _(x) union select x from (values (row(100::money)::ct1), (row(300::money)::ct1)) _(x);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(6 rows)
+
+select x from (values (row(100::money)::ct1), (row(200::money)::ct1)) _(x) union select x from (values (row(100::money)::ct1), (row(300::money)::ct1)) _(x);
+     x     
+-----------
+ ($100.00)
+ ($200.00)
+ ($300.00)
+(3 rows)
+
+drop type ct1;
+set enable_hashagg to off;
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(6 rows)
+
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ (1,2)
+ (1,3)
+ (1,4)
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ SetOp Intersect
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(8 rows)
+
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ (1,2)
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ SetOp Except
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+                     ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
+(8 rows)
+
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+   x   
+-------
+ (1,3)
+(1 row)
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+--
+-- Mixed types
+--
+SELECT f1 FROM float8_tbl INTERSECT SELECT f1 FROM int4_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+ f1 
+----
+  0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT f1 FROM float8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT f1 FROM int4_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+          f1           
+-----------------------
+ -1.2345678901234e+200
+               -1004.3
+                -34.84
+ -1.2345678901234e-200
+(4 rows)
+
+--
+-- Operator precedence and (((((extra))))) parentheses
+--
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl INTERSECT SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl UNION ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl  ORDER BY 1;
+        q1         
+-------------------
+ -4567890123456789
+               123
+               123
+               456
+  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl INTERSECT (((SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl UNION ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl))) ORDER BY 1;
+        q1        
+------------------
+              123
+ 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+(((SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl INTERSECT SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1))) UNION ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl;
+        q1         
+-------------------
+               123
+  4567890123456789
+               456
+  4567890123456789
+               123
+  4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl UNION ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+        q1         
+-------------------
+ -4567890123456789
+               456
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl UNION ALL (((SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1)));
+        q1         
+-------------------
+               123
+               123
+  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789
+  4567890123456789
+ -4567890123456789
+               456
+(7 rows)
+
+(((SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl UNION ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl))) EXCEPT SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+        q1         
+-------------------
+ -4567890123456789
+               456
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Subqueries with ORDER BY & LIMIT clauses
+--
+-- In this syntax, ORDER BY/LIMIT apply to the result of the EXCEPT
+SELECT q1,q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q2,q1 FROM int8_tbl
+ORDER BY q2,q1;
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+              123 |               456
+(2 rows)
+
+-- This should fail, because q2 isn't a name of an EXCEPT output column
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY q2 LIMIT 1;
+ERROR:  column "q2" does not exist
+LINE 1: ... int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY q2 LIMIT 1...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  There is a column named "q2" in table "*SELECT* 2", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+-- But this should work:
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT (((SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY q2 LIMIT 1))) ORDER BY 1;
+        q1        
+------------------
+              123
+ 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- New syntaxes (7.1) permit new tests
+--
+(((((select * from int8_tbl)))));
+        q1        |        q2         
+------------------+-------------------
+              123 |               456
+              123 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 |               123
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- Check behavior with empty select list (allowed since 9.4)
+--
+select union select;
+--
+(1 row)
+
+select intersect select;
+--
+(1 row)
+
+select except select;
+--
+(0 rows)
+
+-- check hashed implementation
+set enable_hashagg = true;
+set enable_sort = false;
+explain (costs off)
+select from generate_series(1,5) union select from generate_series(1,3);
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+         ->  Function Scan on generate_series generate_series_1
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect select from generate_series(1,3);
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ HashSetOp Intersect
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+               ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+               ->  Function Scan on generate_series generate_series_1
+(6 rows)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) union select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(1 row)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) union all select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(8 rows)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(1 row)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect all select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(3 rows)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) except select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(0 rows)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) except all select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(2 rows)
+
+-- check sorted implementation
+set enable_hashagg = false;
+set enable_sort = true;
+explain (costs off)
+select from generate_series(1,5) union select from generate_series(1,3);
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+         ->  Function Scan on generate_series generate_series_1
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect select from generate_series(1,3);
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ SetOp Intersect
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+               ->  Function Scan on generate_series
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+               ->  Function Scan on generate_series generate_series_1
+(6 rows)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) union select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(1 row)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) union all select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(8 rows)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(1 row)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect all select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(3 rows)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) except select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(0 rows)
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) except all select from generate_series(1,3);
+--
+(2 rows)
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+reset enable_sort;
+--
+-- Check handling of a case with unknown constants.  We don't guarantee
+-- an undecorated constant will work in all cases, but historically this
+-- usage has worked, so test we don't break it.
+--
+SELECT a.f1 FROM (SELECT 'test' AS f1 FROM varchar_tbl) a
+UNION
+SELECT b.f1 FROM (SELECT f1 FROM varchar_tbl) b
+ORDER BY 1;
+  f1  
+------
+ a
+ ab
+ abcd
+ test
+(4 rows)
+
+-- This should fail, but it should produce an error cursor
+SELECT '3.4'::numeric UNION SELECT 'foo';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type numeric: "foo"
+LINE 1: SELECT '3.4'::numeric UNION SELECT 'foo';
+                                           ^
+--
+-- Test that expression-index constraints can be pushed down through
+-- UNION or UNION ALL
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t1 (a text, b text);
+CREATE INDEX t1_ab_idx on t1 ((a || b));
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t2 (ab text primary key);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('a', 'b'), ('x', 'y');
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ('ab'), ('xy');
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+set enable_indexscan = on;
+set enable_bitmapscan = off;
+explain (costs off)
+ SELECT * FROM
+ (SELECT a || b AS ab FROM t1
+  UNION ALL
+  SELECT * FROM t2) t
+ WHERE ab = 'ab';
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Index Scan using t1_ab_idx on t1
+         Index Cond: ((a || b) = 'ab'::text)
+   ->  Index Only Scan using t2_pkey on t2
+         Index Cond: (ab = 'ab'::text)
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+ SELECT * FROM
+ (SELECT a || b AS ab FROM t1
+  UNION
+  SELECT * FROM t2) t
+ WHERE ab = 'ab';
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Group Key: ((t1.a || t1.b))
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Index Scan using t1_ab_idx on t1
+               Index Cond: ((a || b) = 'ab'::text)
+         ->  Index Only Scan using t2_pkey on t2
+               Index Cond: (ab = 'ab'::text)
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test that ORDER BY for UNION ALL can be pushed down to inheritance
+-- children.
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t1c (b text, a text);
+ALTER TABLE t1c INHERIT t1;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t2c (primary key (ab)) INHERITS (t2);
+INSERT INTO t1c VALUES ('v', 'w'), ('c', 'd'), ('m', 'n'), ('e', 'f');
+INSERT INTO t2c VALUES ('vw'), ('cd'), ('mn'), ('ef');
+CREATE INDEX t1c_ab_idx on t1c ((a || b));
+set enable_seqscan = on;
+set enable_indexonlyscan = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT a || b AS ab FROM t1
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT ab FROM t2) t
+  ORDER BY 1 LIMIT 8;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   ->  Merge Append
+         Sort Key: ((t1.a || t1.b))
+         ->  Index Scan using t1_ab_idx on t1
+         ->  Index Scan using t1c_ab_idx on t1c t1_1
+         ->  Index Scan using t2_pkey on t2
+         ->  Index Scan using t2c_pkey on t2c t2_1
+(7 rows)
+
+  SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT a || b AS ab FROM t1
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT ab FROM t2) t
+  ORDER BY 1 LIMIT 8;
+ ab 
+----
+ ab
+ ab
+ cd
+ dc
+ ef
+ fe
+ mn
+ nm
+(8 rows)
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+-- This simpler variant of the above test has been observed to fail differently
+create table events (event_id int primary key);
+create table other_events (event_id int primary key);
+create table events_child () inherits (events);
+explain (costs off)
+select event_id
+ from (select event_id from events
+       union all
+       select event_id from other_events) ss
+ order by event_id;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge Append
+   Sort Key: events.event_id
+   ->  Index Scan using events_pkey on events
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: events_1.event_id
+         ->  Seq Scan on events_child events_1
+   ->  Index Scan using other_events_pkey on other_events
+(7 rows)
+
+drop table events_child, events, other_events;
+reset enable_indexonlyscan;
+-- Test constraint exclusion of UNION ALL subqueries
+explain (costs off)
+ SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, * FROM tenk1 a
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT 2 AS t, * FROM tenk1 b) c
+ WHERE t = 2;
+     QUERY PLAN      
+---------------------
+ Seq Scan on tenk1 b
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test that we push quals into UNION sub-selects only when it's safe
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, 2 AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x < 4
+ORDER BY x;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (2)
+   ->  Unique
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: (1), (2)
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Result
+                     ->  Result
+                           One-Time Filter: false
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, 2 AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x < 4
+ORDER BY x;
+ t | x 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, generate_series(1,10) AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x < 4
+ORDER BY x;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: ss.x
+   ->  Subquery Scan on ss
+         Filter: (ss.x < 4)
+         ->  HashAggregate
+               Group Key: (1), (generate_series(1, 10))
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  ProjectSet
+                           ->  Result
+                     ->  Result
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, generate_series(1,10) AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x < 4
+ORDER BY x;
+ t | x 
+---+---
+ 1 | 1
+ 1 | 2
+ 1 | 3
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, (random()*3)::int AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x > 3
+ORDER BY x;
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: ss.x
+   ->  Subquery Scan on ss
+         Filter: (ss.x > 3)
+         ->  Unique
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: (1), (((random() * '3'::double precision))::integer)
+                     ->  Append
+                           ->  Result
+                           ->  Result
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, (random()*3)::int AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x > 3
+ORDER BY x;
+ t | x 
+---+---
+ 2 | 4
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test cases where the native ordering of a sub-select has more pathkeys
+-- than the outer query cares about
+explain (costs off)
+select distinct q1 from
+  (select distinct * from int8_tbl i81
+   union all
+   select distinct * from int8_tbl i82) ss
+where q2 = q2;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Merge Append
+         Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".q1
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+               ->  Unique
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: i81.q1, i81.q2
+                           ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl i81
+                                 Filter: (q2 IS NOT NULL)
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+               ->  Unique
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: i82.q1, i82.q2
+                           ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl i82
+                                 Filter: (q2 IS NOT NULL)
+(15 rows)
+
+select distinct q1 from
+  (select distinct * from int8_tbl i81
+   union all
+   select distinct * from int8_tbl i82) ss
+where q2 = q2;
+        q1        
+------------------
+              123
+ 4567890123456789
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select distinct q1 from
+  (select distinct * from int8_tbl i81
+   union all
+   select distinct * from int8_tbl i82) ss
+where -q1 = q2;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Unique
+   ->  Merge Append
+         Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".q1
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
+               ->  Unique
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: i81.q1, i81.q2
+                           ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl i81
+                                 Filter: ((- q1) = q2)
+         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
+               ->  Unique
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: i82.q1, i82.q2
+                           ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl i82
+                                 Filter: ((- q1) = q2)
+(15 rows)
+
+select distinct q1 from
+  (select distinct * from int8_tbl i81
+   union all
+   select distinct * from int8_tbl i82) ss
+where -q1 = q2;
+        q1        
+------------------
+ 4567890123456789
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test proper handling of parameterized appendrel paths when the
+-- potential join qual is expensive
+create function expensivefunc(int) returns int
+language plpgsql immutable strict cost 10000
+as $$begin return $1; end$$;
+create temp table t3 as select generate_series(-1000,1000) as x;
+create index t3i on t3 (expensivefunc(x));
+analyze t3;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select * from t3 a union all select * from t3 b) ss
+  join int4_tbl on f1 = expensivefunc(x);
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Index Scan using t3i on t3 a
+               Index Cond: (expensivefunc(x) = int4_tbl.f1)
+         ->  Index Scan using t3i on t3 b
+               Index Cond: (expensivefunc(x) = int4_tbl.f1)
+(7 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select * from t3 a union all select * from t3 b) ss
+  join int4_tbl on f1 = expensivefunc(x);
+ x | f1 
+---+----
+ 0 |  0
+ 0 |  0
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table t3;
+drop function expensivefunc(int);
+-- Test handling of appendrel quals that const-simplify into an AND
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select *, 0 as x from int8_tbl a
+   union all
+   select *, 1 as x from int8_tbl b) ss
+where (x = 0) or (q1 >= q2 and q1 <= q2);
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Append
+   ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl a
+   ->  Seq Scan on int8_tbl b
+         Filter: ((q1 >= q2) AND (q1 <= q2))
+(4 rows)
+
+select * from
+  (select *, 0 as x from int8_tbl a
+   union all
+   select *, 1 as x from int8_tbl b) ss
+where (x = 0) or (q1 >= q2 and q1 <= q2);
+        q1        |        q2         | x 
+------------------+-------------------+---
+              123 |               456 | 0
+              123 |  4567890123456789 | 0
+ 4567890123456789 |               123 | 0
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 0
+ 4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789 | 0
+ 4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789 | 1
+(6 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/updatable_views.out b/src/test/regress/expected/updatable_views.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c27e2e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/updatable_views.out
@@ -0,0 +1,3366 @@
+--
+-- UPDATABLE VIEWS
+--
+-- avoid bit-exact output here because operations may not be bit-exact.
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+-- check that non-updatable views and columns are rejected with useful error
+-- messages
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+CREATE VIEW ro_view1 AS SELECT DISTINCT a, b FROM base_tbl; -- DISTINCT not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view2 AS SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl GROUP BY a, b; -- GROUP BY not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view3 AS SELECT 1 FROM base_tbl HAVING max(a) > 0; -- HAVING not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view4 AS SELECT count(*) FROM base_tbl; -- Aggregate functions not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view5 AS SELECT a, rank() OVER() FROM base_tbl; -- Window functions not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view6 AS SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl UNION SELECT -a, b FROM base_tbl; -- Set ops not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view7 AS WITH t AS (SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl) SELECT * FROM t; -- WITH not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view8 AS SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl ORDER BY a OFFSET 1; -- OFFSET not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view9 AS SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl ORDER BY a LIMIT 1; -- LIMIT not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view10 AS SELECT 1 AS a; -- No base relations
+CREATE VIEW ro_view11 AS SELECT b1.a, b2.b FROM base_tbl b1, base_tbl b2; -- Multiple base relations
+CREATE VIEW ro_view12 AS SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 10) AS g(a); -- SRF in rangetable
+CREATE VIEW ro_view13 AS SELECT a, b FROM (SELECT * FROM base_tbl) AS t; -- Subselect in rangetable
+CREATE VIEW rw_view14 AS SELECT ctid, a, b FROM base_tbl; -- System columns may be part of an updatable view
+CREATE VIEW rw_view15 AS SELECT a, upper(b) FROM base_tbl; -- Expression/function may be part of an updatable view
+CREATE VIEW rw_view16 AS SELECT a, b, a AS aa FROM base_tbl; -- Repeated column may be part of an updatable view
+CREATE VIEW ro_view17 AS SELECT * FROM ro_view1; -- Base relation not updatable
+CREATE VIEW ro_view18 AS SELECT * FROM (VALUES(1)) AS tmp(a); -- VALUES in rangetable
+CREATE SEQUENCE uv_seq;
+CREATE VIEW ro_view19 AS SELECT * FROM uv_seq; -- View based on a sequence
+CREATE VIEW ro_view20 AS SELECT a, b, generate_series(1, a) g FROM base_tbl; -- SRF in targetlist not supported
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ ro_view1   | NO
+ ro_view10  | NO
+ ro_view11  | NO
+ ro_view12  | NO
+ ro_view13  | NO
+ ro_view17  | NO
+ ro_view18  | NO
+ ro_view19  | NO
+ ro_view2   | NO
+ ro_view20  | NO
+ ro_view3   | NO
+ ro_view4   | NO
+ ro_view5   | NO
+ ro_view6   | NO
+ ro_view7   | NO
+ ro_view8   | NO
+ ro_view9   | NO
+ rw_view14  | YES
+ rw_view15  | YES
+ rw_view16  | YES
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ ro_view1   | NO           | NO
+ ro_view10  | NO           | NO
+ ro_view11  | NO           | NO
+ ro_view12  | NO           | NO
+ ro_view13  | NO           | NO
+ ro_view17  | NO           | NO
+ ro_view18  | NO           | NO
+ ro_view19  | NO           | NO
+ ro_view2   | NO           | NO
+ ro_view20  | NO           | NO
+ ro_view3   | NO           | NO
+ ro_view4   | NO           | NO
+ ro_view5   | NO           | NO
+ ro_view6   | NO           | NO
+ ro_view7   | NO           | NO
+ ro_view8   | NO           | NO
+ ro_view9   | NO           | NO
+ rw_view14  | YES          | YES
+ rw_view15  | YES          | YES
+ rw_view16  | YES          | YES
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ ro_view1   | a           | NO
+ ro_view1   | b           | NO
+ ro_view10  | a           | NO
+ ro_view11  | a           | NO
+ ro_view11  | b           | NO
+ ro_view12  | a           | NO
+ ro_view13  | a           | NO
+ ro_view13  | b           | NO
+ ro_view17  | a           | NO
+ ro_view17  | b           | NO
+ ro_view18  | a           | NO
+ ro_view19  | last_value  | NO
+ ro_view19  | log_cnt     | NO
+ ro_view19  | is_called   | NO
+ ro_view2   | a           | NO
+ ro_view2   | b           | NO
+ ro_view20  | a           | NO
+ ro_view20  | b           | NO
+ ro_view20  | g           | NO
+ ro_view3   | ?column?    | NO
+ ro_view4   | count       | NO
+ ro_view5   | a           | NO
+ ro_view5   | rank        | NO
+ ro_view6   | a           | NO
+ ro_view6   | b           | NO
+ ro_view7   | a           | NO
+ ro_view7   | b           | NO
+ ro_view8   | a           | NO
+ ro_view8   | b           | NO
+ ro_view9   | a           | NO
+ ro_view9   | b           | NO
+ rw_view14  | ctid        | NO
+ rw_view14  | a           | YES
+ rw_view14  | b           | YES
+ rw_view15  | a           | YES
+ rw_view15  | upper       | NO
+ rw_view16  | a           | YES
+ rw_view16  | b           | YES
+ rw_view16  | aa          | YES
+(39 rows)
+
+-- Read-only views
+DELETE FROM ro_view1;
+ERROR:  cannot delete from view "ro_view1"
+DETAIL:  Views containing DISTINCT are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable deleting from the view, provide an INSTEAD OF DELETE trigger or an unconditional ON DELETE DO INSTEAD rule.
+DELETE FROM ro_view2;
+ERROR:  cannot delete from view "ro_view2"
+DETAIL:  Views containing GROUP BY are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable deleting from the view, provide an INSTEAD OF DELETE trigger or an unconditional ON DELETE DO INSTEAD rule.
+DELETE FROM ro_view3;
+ERROR:  cannot delete from view "ro_view3"
+DETAIL:  Views containing HAVING are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable deleting from the view, provide an INSTEAD OF DELETE trigger or an unconditional ON DELETE DO INSTEAD rule.
+DELETE FROM ro_view4;
+ERROR:  cannot delete from view "ro_view4"
+DETAIL:  Views that return aggregate functions are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable deleting from the view, provide an INSTEAD OF DELETE trigger or an unconditional ON DELETE DO INSTEAD rule.
+DELETE FROM ro_view5;
+ERROR:  cannot delete from view "ro_view5"
+DETAIL:  Views that return window functions are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable deleting from the view, provide an INSTEAD OF DELETE trigger or an unconditional ON DELETE DO INSTEAD rule.
+DELETE FROM ro_view6;
+ERROR:  cannot delete from view "ro_view6"
+DETAIL:  Views containing UNION, INTERSECT, or EXCEPT are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable deleting from the view, provide an INSTEAD OF DELETE trigger or an unconditional ON DELETE DO INSTEAD rule.
+UPDATE ro_view7 SET a=a+1;
+ERROR:  cannot update view "ro_view7"
+DETAIL:  Views containing WITH are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable updating the view, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger or an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule.
+UPDATE ro_view8 SET a=a+1;
+ERROR:  cannot update view "ro_view8"
+DETAIL:  Views containing LIMIT or OFFSET are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable updating the view, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger or an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule.
+UPDATE ro_view9 SET a=a+1;
+ERROR:  cannot update view "ro_view9"
+DETAIL:  Views containing LIMIT or OFFSET are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable updating the view, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger or an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule.
+UPDATE ro_view10 SET a=a+1;
+ERROR:  cannot update view "ro_view10"
+DETAIL:  Views that do not select from a single table or view are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable updating the view, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger or an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule.
+UPDATE ro_view11 SET a=a+1;
+ERROR:  cannot update view "ro_view11"
+DETAIL:  Views that do not select from a single table or view are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable updating the view, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger or an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule.
+UPDATE ro_view12 SET a=a+1;
+ERROR:  cannot update view "ro_view12"
+DETAIL:  Views that do not select from a single table or view are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable updating the view, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger or an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule.
+INSERT INTO ro_view13 VALUES (3, 'Row 3');
+ERROR:  cannot insert into view "ro_view13"
+DETAIL:  Views that do not select from a single table or view are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable inserting into the view, provide an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger or an unconditional ON INSERT DO INSTEAD rule.
+-- Partially updatable view
+INSERT INTO rw_view14 VALUES (null, 3, 'Row 3'); -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot insert into column "ctid" of view "rw_view14"
+DETAIL:  View columns that refer to system columns are not updatable.
+INSERT INTO rw_view14 (a, b) VALUES (3, 'Row 3'); -- should be OK
+UPDATE rw_view14 SET ctid=null WHERE a=3; -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot update column "ctid" of view "rw_view14"
+DETAIL:  View columns that refer to system columns are not updatable.
+UPDATE rw_view14 SET b='ROW 3' WHERE a=3; -- should be OK
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ a  |   b    
+----+--------
+ -2 | Row -2
+ -1 | Row -1
+  0 | Row 0
+  1 | Row 1
+  2 | Row 2
+  3 | ROW 3
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM rw_view14 WHERE a=3; -- should be OK
+-- Partially updatable view
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 VALUES (3, 'ROW 3'); -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot insert into column "upper" of view "rw_view15"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (3); -- should be OK
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (3) ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING; -- succeeds
+SELECT * FROM rw_view15;
+ a  |    upper    
+----+-------------
+ -2 | ROW -2
+ -1 | ROW -1
+  0 | ROW 0
+  1 | ROW 1
+  2 | ROW 2
+  3 | UNSPECIFIED
+(6 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (3) ON CONFLICT (a) DO NOTHING; -- succeeds
+SELECT * FROM rw_view15;
+ a  |    upper    
+----+-------------
+ -2 | ROW -2
+ -1 | ROW -1
+  0 | ROW 0
+  1 | ROW 1
+  2 | ROW 2
+  3 | UNSPECIFIED
+(6 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (3) ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE set a = excluded.a; -- succeeds
+SELECT * FROM rw_view15;
+ a  |    upper    
+----+-------------
+ -2 | ROW -2
+ -1 | ROW -1
+  0 | ROW 0
+  1 | ROW 1
+  2 | ROW 2
+  3 | UNSPECIFIED
+(6 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (3) ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE set upper = 'blarg'; -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot insert into column "upper" of view "rw_view15"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+SELECT * FROM rw_view15;
+ a  |    upper    
+----+-------------
+ -2 | ROW -2
+ -1 | ROW -1
+  0 | ROW 0
+  1 | ROW 1
+  2 | ROW 2
+  3 | UNSPECIFIED
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view15;
+ a  |    upper    
+----+-------------
+ -2 | ROW -2
+ -1 | ROW -1
+  0 | ROW 0
+  1 | ROW 1
+  2 | ROW 2
+  3 | UNSPECIFIED
+(6 rows)
+
+ALTER VIEW rw_view15 ALTER COLUMN upper SET DEFAULT 'NOT SET';
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (4); -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot insert into column "upper" of view "rw_view15"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+UPDATE rw_view15 SET upper='ROW 3' WHERE a=3; -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot update column "upper" of view "rw_view15"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+UPDATE rw_view15 SET upper=DEFAULT WHERE a=3; -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot update column "upper" of view "rw_view15"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+UPDATE rw_view15 SET a=4 WHERE a=3; -- should be OK
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ a  |      b      
+----+-------------
+ -2 | Row -2
+ -1 | Row -1
+  0 | Row 0
+  1 | Row 1
+  2 | Row 2
+  4 | Unspecified
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM rw_view15 WHERE a=4; -- should be OK
+-- Partially updatable view
+INSERT INTO rw_view16 VALUES (3, 'Row 3', 3); -- should fail
+ERROR:  multiple assignments to same column "a"
+INSERT INTO rw_view16 (a, b) VALUES (3, 'Row 3'); -- should be OK
+UPDATE rw_view16 SET a=3, aa=-3 WHERE a=3; -- should fail
+ERROR:  multiple assignments to same column "a"
+UPDATE rw_view16 SET aa=-3 WHERE a=3; -- should be OK
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ a  |   b    
+----+--------
+ -2 | Row -2
+ -1 | Row -1
+  0 | Row 0
+  1 | Row 1
+  2 | Row 2
+ -3 | Row 3
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM rw_view16 WHERE a=-3; -- should be OK
+-- Read-only views
+INSERT INTO ro_view17 VALUES (3, 'ROW 3');
+ERROR:  cannot insert into view "ro_view1"
+DETAIL:  Views containing DISTINCT are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable inserting into the view, provide an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger or an unconditional ON INSERT DO INSTEAD rule.
+DELETE FROM ro_view18;
+ERROR:  cannot delete from view "ro_view18"
+DETAIL:  Views that do not select from a single table or view are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable deleting from the view, provide an INSTEAD OF DELETE trigger or an unconditional ON DELETE DO INSTEAD rule.
+UPDATE ro_view19 SET last_value=1000;
+ERROR:  cannot update view "ro_view19"
+DETAIL:  Views that do not select from a single table or view are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable updating the view, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger or an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule.
+UPDATE ro_view20 SET b=upper(b);
+ERROR:  cannot update view "ro_view20"
+DETAIL:  Views that return set-returning functions are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable updating the view, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger or an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule.
+-- A view with a conditional INSTEAD rule but no unconditional INSTEAD rules
+-- or INSTEAD OF triggers should be non-updatable and generate useful error
+-- messages with appropriate detail
+CREATE RULE rw_view16_ins_rule AS ON INSERT TO rw_view16
+  WHERE NEW.a > 0 DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b);
+CREATE RULE rw_view16_upd_rule AS ON UPDATE TO rw_view16
+  WHERE OLD.a > 0 DO INSTEAD UPDATE base_tbl SET b=NEW.b WHERE a=OLD.a;
+CREATE RULE rw_view16_del_rule AS ON DELETE TO rw_view16
+  WHERE OLD.a > 0 DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=OLD.a;
+INSERT INTO rw_view16 (a, b) VALUES (3, 'Row 3'); -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot insert into view "rw_view16"
+DETAIL:  Views with conditional DO INSTEAD rules are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable inserting into the view, provide an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger or an unconditional ON INSERT DO INSTEAD rule.
+UPDATE rw_view16 SET b='ROW 2' WHERE a=2; -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot update view "rw_view16"
+DETAIL:  Views with conditional DO INSTEAD rules are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable updating the view, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger or an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule.
+DELETE FROM rw_view16 WHERE a=2; -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot delete from view "rw_view16"
+DETAIL:  Views with conditional DO INSTEAD rules are not automatically updatable.
+HINT:  To enable deleting from the view, provide an INSTEAD OF DELETE trigger or an unconditional ON DELETE DO INSTEAD rule.
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 16 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view ro_view1
+drop cascades to view ro_view17
+drop cascades to view ro_view2
+drop cascades to view ro_view3
+drop cascades to view ro_view4
+drop cascades to view ro_view5
+drop cascades to view ro_view6
+drop cascades to view ro_view7
+drop cascades to view ro_view8
+drop cascades to view ro_view9
+drop cascades to view ro_view11
+drop cascades to view ro_view13
+drop cascades to view rw_view14
+drop cascades to view rw_view15
+drop cascades to view rw_view16
+drop cascades to view ro_view20
+DROP VIEW ro_view10, ro_view12, ro_view18;
+DROP SEQUENCE uv_seq CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view ro_view19
+-- simple updatable view
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a>0;
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | YES
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | YES          | YES
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1'
+ ORDER BY ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view1   | a           | YES
+ rw_view1   | b           | YES
+(2 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (3, 'Row 3');
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (a) VALUES (4);
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a=5 WHERE a=4;
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE b='Row 2';
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ a  |      b      
+----+-------------
+ -2 | Row -2
+ -1 | Row -1
+  0 | Row 0
+  1 | Row 1
+  3 | Row 3
+  5 | Unspecified
+(6 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view1 SET a=6 WHERE a=5;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Update on base_tbl
+   ->  Index Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl
+         Index Cond: ((a > 0) AND (a = 5))
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE a=5;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on base_tbl
+   ->  Index Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl
+         Index Cond: ((a > 0) AND (a = 5))
+(3 rows)
+
+-- it's still updatable if we add a DO ALSO rule
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl_hist(ts timestamptz default now(), a int, b text);
+CREATE RULE base_tbl_log AS ON INSERT TO rw_view1 DO ALSO
+  INSERT INTO base_tbl_hist(a,b) VALUES(new.a, new.b);
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | YES          | YES
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check behavior with DEFAULTs (bug #17633)
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (9, DEFAULT), (10, DEFAULT);
+SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl_hist;
+ a  | b 
+----+---
+  9 | 
+ 10 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+DROP TABLE base_tbl_hist;
+-- view on top of view
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT b AS bb, a AS aa FROM base_tbl WHERE a>0;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT aa AS aaa, bb AS bbb FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa<10;
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view2   | YES
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ rw_view2   | YES          | YES
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2'
+ ORDER BY ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view2   | aaa         | YES
+ rw_view2   | bbb         | YES
+(2 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (3, 'Row 3');
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 (aaa) VALUES (4);
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+ aaa |     bbb     
+-----+-------------
+   1 | Row 1
+   2 | Row 2
+   3 | Row 3
+   4 | Unspecified
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb='Row 4' WHERE aaa=4;
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE aaa=2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+ aaa |  bbb  
+-----+-------
+   1 | Row 1
+   3 | Row 3
+   4 | Row 4
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=5 WHERE aaa=4;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on base_tbl
+   ->  Index Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl
+         Index Cond: ((a < 10) AND (a > 0) AND (a = 4))
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE aaa=4;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on base_tbl
+   ->  Index Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl
+         Index Cond: ((a < 10) AND (a > 0) AND (a = 4))
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+-- view on top of view with rules
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a>0 OFFSET 0; -- not updatable without rules/triggers
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a<10;
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO
+ rw_view2   | NO
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO           | NO
+ rw_view2   | NO           | NO
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view1   | a           | NO
+ rw_view1   | b           | NO
+ rw_view2   | a           | NO
+ rw_view2   | b           | NO
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_ins_rule AS ON INSERT TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b) RETURNING *;
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | YES
+ rw_view2   | YES
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO           | YES
+ rw_view2   | NO           | YES
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view1   | a           | NO
+ rw_view1   | b           | NO
+ rw_view2   | a           | NO
+ rw_view2   | b           | NO
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_upd_rule AS ON UPDATE TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD UPDATE base_tbl SET b=NEW.b WHERE a=OLD.a RETURNING NEW.*;
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | YES
+ rw_view2   | YES
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO           | YES
+ rw_view2   | NO           | YES
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view1   | a           | NO
+ rw_view1   | b           | NO
+ rw_view2   | a           | NO
+ rw_view2   | b           | NO
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_del_rule AS ON DELETE TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=OLD.a RETURNING OLD.*;
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | YES
+ rw_view2   | YES
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | YES          | YES
+ rw_view2   | YES          | YES
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view1   | a           | YES
+ rw_view1   | b           | YES
+ rw_view2   | a           | YES
+ rw_view2   | b           | YES
+(4 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (3, 'Row 3') RETURNING *;
+ a |   b   
+---+-------
+ 3 | Row 3
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b='Row three' WHERE a=3 RETURNING *;
+ a |     b     
+---+-----------
+ 3 | Row three
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+ a |     b     
+---+-----------
+ 1 | Row 1
+ 2 | Row 2
+ 3 | Row three
+(3 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE a=3 RETURNING *;
+ a |     b     
+---+-----------
+ 3 | Row three
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+ a |   b   
+---+-------
+ 1 | Row 1
+ 2 | Row 2
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view2 SET a=3 WHERE a=2;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on base_tbl
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Index Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl
+               Index Cond: (a = 2)
+         ->  Subquery Scan on rw_view1
+               Filter: ((rw_view1.a < 10) AND (rw_view1.a = 2))
+               ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on base_tbl base_tbl_1
+                     Recheck Cond: (a > 0)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on base_tbl_pkey
+                           Index Cond: (a > 0)
+(10 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE a=2;
+                           QUERY PLAN                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on base_tbl
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Index Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl
+               Index Cond: (a = 2)
+         ->  Subquery Scan on rw_view1
+               Filter: ((rw_view1.a < 10) AND (rw_view1.a = 2))
+               ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on base_tbl base_tbl_1
+                     Recheck Cond: (a > 0)
+                     ->  Bitmap Index Scan on base_tbl_pkey
+                           Index Cond: (a > 0)
+(10 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+-- view on top of view with triggers
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a>0 OFFSET 0; -- not updatable without rules/triggers
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a<10;
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO
+ rw_view2   | NO
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into,
+       is_trigger_updatable, is_trigger_deletable,
+       is_trigger_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into | is_trigger_updatable | is_trigger_deletable | is_trigger_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO           | NO                 | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+ rw_view2   | NO           | NO                 | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view1   | a           | NO
+ rw_view1   | b           | NO
+ rw_view2   | a           | NO
+ rw_view2   | b           | NO
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn()
+RETURNS trigger AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  IF TG_OP = 'INSERT' THEN
+    INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b);
+    RETURN NEW;
+  ELSIF TG_OP = 'UPDATE' THEN
+    UPDATE base_tbl SET b=NEW.b WHERE a=OLD.a;
+    RETURN NEW;
+  ELSIF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN
+    DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=OLD.a;
+    RETURN OLD;
+  END IF;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER rw_view1_ins_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON rw_view1
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE rw_view1_trig_fn();
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO
+ rw_view2   | NO
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into,
+       is_trigger_updatable, is_trigger_deletable,
+       is_trigger_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into | is_trigger_updatable | is_trigger_deletable | is_trigger_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO           | NO                 | NO                   | NO                   | YES
+ rw_view2   | NO           | NO                 | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view1   | a           | NO
+ rw_view1   | b           | NO
+ rw_view2   | a           | NO
+ rw_view2   | b           | NO
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TRIGGER rw_view1_upd_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON rw_view1
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE rw_view1_trig_fn();
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO
+ rw_view2   | NO
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into,
+       is_trigger_updatable, is_trigger_deletable,
+       is_trigger_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into | is_trigger_updatable | is_trigger_deletable | is_trigger_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO           | NO                 | YES                  | NO                   | YES
+ rw_view2   | NO           | NO                 | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view1   | a           | NO
+ rw_view1   | b           | NO
+ rw_view2   | a           | NO
+ rw_view2   | b           | NO
+(4 rows)
+
+CREATE TRIGGER rw_view1_del_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON rw_view1
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE rw_view1_trig_fn();
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO
+ rw_view2   | NO
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into,
+       is_trigger_updatable, is_trigger_deletable,
+       is_trigger_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into | is_trigger_updatable | is_trigger_deletable | is_trigger_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------------
+ rw_view1   | NO           | NO                 | YES                  | YES                  | YES
+ rw_view2   | NO           | NO                 | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view1   | a           | NO
+ rw_view1   | b           | NO
+ rw_view2   | a           | NO
+ rw_view2   | b           | NO
+(4 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (3, 'Row 3') RETURNING *;
+ a |   b   
+---+-------
+ 3 | Row 3
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b='Row three' WHERE a=3 RETURNING *;
+ a |     b     
+---+-----------
+ 3 | Row three
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+ a |     b     
+---+-----------
+ 1 | Row 1
+ 2 | Row 2
+ 3 | Row three
+(3 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE a=3 RETURNING *;
+ a |     b     
+---+-----------
+ 3 | Row three
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+ a |   b   
+---+-------
+ 1 | Row 1
+ 2 | Row 2
+(2 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view2 SET a=3 WHERE a=2;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on rw_view1 rw_view1_1
+   ->  Subquery Scan on rw_view1
+         Filter: ((rw_view1.a < 10) AND (rw_view1.a = 2))
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on base_tbl
+               Recheck Cond: (a > 0)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on base_tbl_pkey
+                     Index Cond: (a > 0)
+(7 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE a=2;
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on rw_view1 rw_view1_1
+   ->  Subquery Scan on rw_view1
+         Filter: ((rw_view1.a < 10) AND (rw_view1.a = 2))
+         ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on base_tbl
+               Recheck Cond: (a > 0)
+               ->  Bitmap Index Scan on base_tbl_pkey
+                     Index Cond: (a > 0)
+(7 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+DROP FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn();
+-- update using whole row from view
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT b AS bb, a AS aa FROM base_tbl;
+CREATE FUNCTION rw_view1_aa(x rw_view1)
+  RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT x.aa $$ LANGUAGE sql;
+UPDATE rw_view1 v SET bb='Updated row 2' WHERE rw_view1_aa(v)=2
+  RETURNING rw_view1_aa(v), v.bb;
+ rw_view1_aa |      bb       
+-------------+---------------
+           2 | Updated row 2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ a  |       b       
+----+---------------
+ -2 | Row -2
+ -1 | Row -1
+  0 | Row 0
+  1 | Row 1
+  2 | Updated row 2
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+UPDATE rw_view1 v SET bb='Updated row 2' WHERE rw_view1_aa(v)=2
+  RETURNING rw_view1_aa(v), v.bb;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Update on base_tbl
+   ->  Index Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl
+         Index Cond: (a = 2)
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to function rw_view1_aa(rw_view1)
+-- permissions checks
+CREATE USER regress_view_user1;
+CREATE USER regress_view_user2;
+CREATE USER regress_view_user3;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(a int, b text, c float);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1', 1.0);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT b AS bb, c AS cc, a AS aa FROM base_tbl;
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 2', 2.0, 2);
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT SELECT ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (a,c) ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (bb,cc) ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT b AS bb, c AS cc, a AS aa FROM base_tbl;
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl; -- ok
+ a |   b   | c 
+---+-------+---
+ 1 | Row 1 | 1
+ 2 | Row 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1; -- ok
+  bb   | cc | aa 
+-------+----+----
+ Row 1 |  1 |  1
+ Row 2 |  2 |  2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2; -- ok
+  bb   | cc | aa 
+-------+----+----
+ Row 1 |  1 |  1
+ Row 2 |  2 |  2
+(2 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (3, 'Row 3', 3.0); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 3', 3.0, 3); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES ('Row 3', 3.0, 3); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE base_tbl SET a=a, c=c; -- ok
+UPDATE base_tbl SET b=b; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET bb=bb, cc=cc; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET aa=aa; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aa=aa, cc=cc; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bb=bb; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+DELETE FROM base_tbl; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+DELETE FROM rw_view1; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+DELETE FROM rw_view2; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT INSERT, DELETE ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (3, 'Row 3', 3.0); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 4', 4.0, 4); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES ('Row 4', 4.0, 4); -- ok
+DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=1; -- ok
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa=2; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE aa=2; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ a |   b   | c 
+---+-------+---
+ 3 | Row 3 | 3
+ 4 | Row 4 | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+REVOKE INSERT, DELETE ON base_tbl FROM regress_view_user2;
+GRANT INSERT, DELETE ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (5, 'Row 5', 5.0); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 5', 5.0, 5); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES ('Row 6', 6.0, 6); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=3; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa=3; -- ok
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE aa=4; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ a |   b   | c 
+---+-------+---
+ 4 | Row 4 | 4
+ 5 | Row 5 | 5
+(2 rows)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+-- nested-view permissions
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(a int, b text, c float);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1', 1.0);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = 'foo' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+ a |   b   | c 
+---+-------+---
+ 1 | Row 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = 'foo' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT SELECT ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+ a |   b   | c 
+---+-------+---
+ 1 | Row 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+GRANT UPDATE ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+ a |   b   | c 
+---+-------+---
+ 1 | Row 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 FOR UPDATE;
+ a |   b   | c 
+---+-------+---
+ 1 | Row 1 | 1
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = 'foo' WHERE a = 1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+ a |  b  | c 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | foo | 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT UPDATE ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+ a |  b  | c 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | foo | 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;
+ a |  b  | c 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | foo | 1
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+REVOKE UPDATE ON base_tbl FROM regress_view_user1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+ a |  b  | c 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | bar | 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = 'foo' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+ a |  b  | c 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | bar | 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+-- security invoker view permissions
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(a int, b text, c float);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1', 1.0);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT b AS bb, c AS cc, a AS aa FROM base_tbl;
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 SET (security_invoker = true);
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 2', 2.0, 2);
+GRANT SELECT ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (bb,cc) ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (3, 'Row 3', 3.0); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 3', 3.0, 3); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE base_tbl SET a=a; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET bb=bb, cc=cc; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+DELETE FROM base_tbl; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+DELETE FROM rw_view1; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (a,c) ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl; -- ok
+ a |   b   | c 
+---+-------+---
+ 1 | Row 1 | 1
+ 2 | Row 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1; -- ok
+  bb   | cc | aa 
+-------+----+----
+ Row 1 |  1 |  1
+ Row 2 |  2 |  2
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE base_tbl SET a=a, c=c; -- ok
+UPDATE base_tbl SET b=b; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET cc=cc; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET aa=aa; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET bb=bb; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT INSERT, DELETE ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (3, 'Row 3', 3.0); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 4', 4.0, 4); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=1; -- ok
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa=2; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+REVOKE INSERT, DELETE ON base_tbl FROM regress_view_user2;
+GRANT INSERT, DELETE ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 4', 4.0, 4); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa=2; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT INSERT, DELETE ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 4', 4.0, 4); -- ok
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa=2; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl; -- ok
+ a |   b   | c 
+---+-------+---
+ 3 | Row 3 | 3
+ 4 | Row 4 | 4
+(2 rows)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+-- ordinary view on top of security invoker view permissions
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(a int, b text, c float);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1', 1.0);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT b AS bb, c AS cc, a AS aa FROM base_tbl;
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 SET (security_invoker = true);
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET aa=aa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT cc AS ccc, aa AS aaa, bb AS bbb FROM rw_view1;
+GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON rw_view2 TO regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user1;
+GRANT UPDATE (a, b) ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1; -- ok
+  bb   | cc | aa 
+-------+----+----
+ Row 1 |  1 |  1
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET aa=aa, bb=bb;  -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET cc=cc;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT SELECT ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (bb, cc) ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (a, c) ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- ok
+ ccc | aaa |  bbb  
+-----+-----+-------
+   1 |   1 | Row 1
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- ok
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user3;
+GRANT UPDATE (a, c) ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user3;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- ok
+ ccc | aaa |  bbb  
+-----+-----+-------
+   1 |   1 | Row 1
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- ok
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON base_tbl FROM regress_view_user1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET aa=aa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- ok
+ ccc | aaa |  bbb  
+-----+-----+-------
+   1 |   1 | Row 1
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- ok
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- ok
+ ccc | aaa |  bbb  
+-----+-----+-------
+   1 |   1 | Row 1
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- ok
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON base_tbl FROM regress_view_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- ok
+ ccc | aaa |  bbb  
+-----+-----+-------
+   1 |   1 | Row 1
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- ok
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+DROP USER regress_view_user1;
+DROP USER regress_view_user2;
+DROP USER regress_view_user3;
+-- column defaults
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified', c serial);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (2, 'Row 2');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (3);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT a AS aa, b AS bb FROM base_tbl;
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 ALTER COLUMN bb SET DEFAULT 'View default';
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (4, 'Row 4');
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (aa) VALUES (5);
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ a |      b       | c 
+---+--------------+---
+ 1 | Row 1        | 1
+ 2 | Row 2        | 2
+ 3 | Unspecified  | 3
+ 4 | Row 4        | 4
+ 5 | View default | 5
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+-- Table having triggers
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (2, 'Row 2');
+CREATE FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn()
+RETURNS trigger AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  IF TG_OP = 'INSERT' THEN
+    UPDATE base_tbl SET b=NEW.b WHERE a=1;
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END IF;
+  RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER rw_view1_ins_trig AFTER INSERT ON base_tbl
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE rw_view1_trig_fn();
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT a AS aa, b AS bb FROM base_tbl;
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (3, 'Row 3');
+select * from base_tbl;
+ a |   b   
+---+-------
+ 2 | Row 2
+ 3 | Row 3
+ 1 | Row 3
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW rw_view1;
+DROP TRIGGER rw_view1_ins_trig on base_tbl;
+DROP FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn();
+DROP TABLE base_tbl;
+-- view with ORDER BY
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, b int);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1,2), (4,5), (3,-3);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl ORDER BY a+b;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 3 | -3
+ 1 |  2
+ 4 |  5
+(3 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (7,-8);
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 7 | -8
+ 3 | -3
+ 1 |  2
+ 4 |  5
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (verbose, costs off) UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = b + 1 RETURNING *;
+                   QUERY PLAN                    
+-------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.base_tbl
+   Output: base_tbl.a, base_tbl.b
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.base_tbl
+         Output: (base_tbl.b + 1), base_tbl.ctid
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = b + 1 RETURNING *;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 |  3
+ 4 |  6
+ 3 | -2
+ 7 | -7
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 7 | -7
+ 3 | -2
+ 1 |  3
+ 4 |  6
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+-- multiple array-column updates
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, arr int[]);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1,ARRAY[2]), (3,ARRAY[4]);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET arr[1] = 42, arr[2] = 77 WHERE a = 3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+ a |   arr   
+---+---------
+ 1 | {2}
+ 3 | {42,77}
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+-- views with updatable and non-updatable columns
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(a float);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i/10.0 FROM generate_series(1,10) g(i);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS
+  SELECT ctid, sin(a) s, a, cos(a) c
+  FROM base_tbl
+  WHERE a != 0
+  ORDER BY abs(a);
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (null, null, 1.1, null); -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot insert into column "ctid" of view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  View columns that refer to system columns are not updatable.
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (s, c, a) VALUES (null, null, 1.1); -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot insert into column "s" of view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (a) VALUES (1.1) RETURNING a, s, c; -- OK
+  a  |         s         |         c         
+-----+-------------------+-------------------
+ 1.1 | 0.891207360061435 | 0.453596121425577
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET s = s WHERE a = 1.1; -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot update column "s" of view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = 1.05 WHERE a = 1.1 RETURNING s; -- OK
+         s         
+-------------------
+ 0.867423225594017
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE a = 1.05; -- OK
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS
+  SELECT s, c, s/c t, a base_a, ctid
+  FROM rw_view1;
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (null, null, null, 1.1, null); -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot insert into column "t" of view "rw_view2"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+INSERT INTO rw_view2(s, c, base_a) VALUES (null, null, 1.1); -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot insert into column "s" of view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+INSERT INTO rw_view2(base_a) VALUES (1.1) RETURNING t; -- OK
+        t         
+------------------
+ 1.96475965724865
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET s = s WHERE base_a = 1.1; -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot update column "s" of view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET t = t WHERE base_a = 1.1; -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot update column "t" of view "rw_view2"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET base_a = 1.05 WHERE base_a = 1.1; -- OK
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE base_a = 1.05 RETURNING base_a, s, c, t; -- OK
+ base_a |         s         |         c         |        t         
+--------+-------------------+-------------------+------------------
+   1.05 | 0.867423225594017 | 0.497571047891727 | 1.74331530998317
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view3 AS
+  SELECT s, c, s/c t, ctid
+  FROM rw_view1;
+INSERT INTO rw_view3 VALUES (null, null, null, null); -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot insert into column "t" of view "rw_view3"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+INSERT INTO rw_view3(s) VALUES (null); -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot insert into column "s" of view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+UPDATE rw_view3 SET s = s; -- should fail
+ERROR:  cannot update column "s" of view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+DELETE FROM rw_view3 WHERE s = sin(0.1); -- should be OK
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl ORDER BY a;
+  a  
+-----
+ 0.2
+ 0.3
+ 0.4
+ 0.5
+ 0.6
+ 0.7
+ 0.8
+ 0.9
+   1
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | YES
+ rw_view2   | YES
+ rw_view3   | NO
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | YES          | YES
+ rw_view2   | YES          | YES
+ rw_view3   | NO           | NO
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view1   | ctid        | NO
+ rw_view1   | s           | NO
+ rw_view1   | a           | YES
+ rw_view1   | c           | NO
+ rw_view2   | s           | NO
+ rw_view2   | c           | NO
+ rw_view2   | t           | NO
+ rw_view2   | base_a      | YES
+ rw_view2   | ctid        | NO
+ rw_view3   | s           | NO
+ rw_view3   | c           | NO
+ rw_view3   | t           | NO
+ rw_view3   | ctid        | NO
+(13 rows)
+
+SELECT events & 4 != 0 AS upd,
+       events & 8 != 0 AS ins,
+       events & 16 != 0 AS del
+  FROM pg_catalog.pg_relation_is_updatable('rw_view3'::regclass, false) t(events);
+ upd | ins | del 
+-----+-----+-----
+ f   | f   | t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+drop cascades to view rw_view3
+-- view on table with GENERATED columns
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (id int, idplus1 int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (id + 1) STORED);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+INSERT INTO base_tbl (id) VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (id) VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl (id, idplus1) VALUES (3, DEFAULT);
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (id, idplus1) VALUES (4, DEFAULT);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl (id, idplus1) VALUES (5, 6);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "idplus1"
+DETAIL:  Column "idplus1" is a generated column.
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (id, idplus1) VALUES (6, 7);  -- error
+ERROR:  cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "idplus1"
+DETAIL:  Column "idplus1" is a generated column.
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ id | idplus1 
+----+---------
+  1 |       2
+  2 |       3
+  3 |       4
+  4 |       5
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE base_tbl SET id = 2000 WHERE id = 2;
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET id = 3000 WHERE id = 3;
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+  id  | idplus1 
+------+---------
+    1 |       2
+    4 |       5
+ 2000 |    2001
+ 3000 |    3001
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+-- inheritance tests
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl_parent (a int);
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl_child (CHECK (a > 0)) INHERITS (base_tbl_parent);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl_parent SELECT * FROM generate_series(-8, -1);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl_child SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 8);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl_parent;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM ONLY base_tbl_parent;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 ORDER BY a;
+ a  
+----
+ -8
+ -7
+ -6
+ -5
+ -4
+ -3
+ -2
+ -1
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM ONLY rw_view1 ORDER BY a;
+ a  
+----
+ -8
+ -7
+ -6
+ -5
+ -4
+ -3
+ -2
+ -1
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 ORDER BY a;
+ a  
+----
+ -8
+ -7
+ -6
+ -5
+ -4
+ -3
+ -2
+ -1
+(8 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (-100), (100);
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-200), (200);
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a*10 WHERE a IN (-1, 1); -- Should produce -10 and 10
+UPDATE ONLY rw_view1 SET a = a*10 WHERE a IN (-2, 2); -- Should produce -20 and 20
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = a*10 WHERE a IN (-3, 3); -- Should produce -30 only
+UPDATE ONLY rw_view2 SET a = a*10 WHERE a IN (-4, 4); -- Should produce -40 only
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE a IN (-5, 5); -- Should delete -5 and 5
+DELETE FROM ONLY rw_view1 WHERE a IN (-6, 6); -- Should delete -6 and 6
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE a IN (-7, 7); -- Should delete -7 only
+DELETE FROM ONLY rw_view2 WHERE a IN (-8, 8); -- Should delete -8 only
+SELECT * FROM ONLY base_tbl_parent ORDER BY a;
+  a   
+------
+ -200
+ -100
+  -40
+  -30
+  -20
+  -10
+  100
+  200
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl_child ORDER BY a;
+ a  
+----
+  3
+  4
+  7
+  8
+ 10
+ 20
+(6 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE other_tbl_parent (id int);
+CREATE TABLE other_tbl_child () INHERITS (other_tbl_parent);
+INSERT INTO other_tbl_parent VALUES (7),(200);
+INSERT INTO other_tbl_child VALUES (8),(100);
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a + 1000 FROM other_tbl_parent WHERE a = id;
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on base_tbl_parent
+   Update on base_tbl_parent base_tbl_parent_1
+   Update on base_tbl_child base_tbl_parent_2
+   ->  Merge Join
+         Merge Cond: (base_tbl_parent.a = other_tbl_parent.id)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: base_tbl_parent.a
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on base_tbl_parent base_tbl_parent_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on base_tbl_child base_tbl_parent_2
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: other_tbl_parent.id
+               ->  Append
+                     ->  Seq Scan on other_tbl_parent other_tbl_parent_1
+                     ->  Seq Scan on other_tbl_child other_tbl_parent_2
+(15 rows)
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a + 1000 FROM other_tbl_parent WHERE a = id;
+SELECT * FROM ONLY base_tbl_parent ORDER BY a;
+  a   
+------
+ -200
+ -100
+  -40
+  -30
+  -20
+  -10
+ 1100
+ 1200
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl_child ORDER BY a;
+  a   
+------
+    3
+    4
+   10
+   20
+ 1007
+ 1008
+(6 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl_parent, base_tbl_child CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+DROP TABLE other_tbl_parent CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table other_tbl_child
+-- simple WITH CHECK OPTION
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, b int DEFAULT 10);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1,2), (2,3), (1,-1);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a < b
+  WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION;
+\d+ rw_view1
+                          View "public.rw_view1"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+ b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT base_tbl.a,
+    base_tbl.b
+   FROM base_tbl
+  WHERE base_tbl.a < base_tbl.b;
+Options: check_option=local
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.views WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+ table_catalog | table_schema | table_name |          view_definition           | check_option | is_updatable | is_insertable_into | is_trigger_updatable | is_trigger_deletable | is_trigger_insertable_into 
+---------------+--------------+------------+------------------------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------------
+ regression    | public       | rw_view1   |  SELECT base_tbl.a,               +| LOCAL        | YES          | YES                | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+               |              |            |     base_tbl.b                    +|              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+               |              |            |    FROM base_tbl                  +|              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+               |              |            |   WHERE (base_tbl.a < base_tbl.b); |              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES(3,4); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES(4,3); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (4, 3).
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES(5,null); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (5, null).
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = 5 WHERE a = 3; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = -5 WHERE a = 3; -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (3, -5).
+INSERT INTO rw_view1(a) VALUES (9); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1(a) VALUES (10); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 10).
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ a | b  
+---+----
+ 1 |  2
+ 2 |  3
+ 1 | -1
+ 3 |  5
+ 9 | 10
+(5 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+-- WITH LOCAL/CASCADED CHECK OPTION
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a > 0;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a < 10
+  WITH CHECK OPTION; -- implicitly cascaded
+\d+ rw_view2
+                          View "public.rw_view2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT rw_view1.a
+   FROM rw_view1
+  WHERE rw_view1.a < 10;
+Options: check_option=cascaded
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.views WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+ table_catalog | table_schema | table_name |      view_definition       | check_option | is_updatable | is_insertable_into | is_trigger_updatable | is_trigger_deletable | is_trigger_insertable_into 
+---------------+--------------+------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------------
+ regression    | public       | rw_view2   |  SELECT rw_view1.a        +| CASCADED     | YES          | YES                | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+               |              |            |    FROM rw_view1          +|              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+               |              |            |   WHERE (rw_view1.a < 10); |              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-5); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-5).
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (5); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (15); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view2"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (15).
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ a 
+---
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = a - 10; -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-5).
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = a + 10; -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view2"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (15).
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a < 10
+  WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION;
+\d+ rw_view2
+                          View "public.rw_view2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT rw_view1.a
+   FROM rw_view1
+  WHERE rw_view1.a < 10;
+Options: check_option=local
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.views WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+ table_catalog | table_schema | table_name |      view_definition       | check_option | is_updatable | is_insertable_into | is_trigger_updatable | is_trigger_deletable | is_trigger_insertable_into 
+---------------+--------------+------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------------
+ regression    | public       | rw_view2   |  SELECT rw_view1.a        +| LOCAL        | YES          | YES                | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+               |              |            |    FROM rw_view1          +|              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+               |              |            |   WHERE (rw_view1.a < 10); |              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-10); -- ok, but not in view
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (20); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view2"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20).
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+  a  
+-----
+   5
+ -10
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 SET (check_option=here); -- invalid
+ERROR:  invalid value for enum option "check_option": here
+DETAIL:  Valid values are "local" and "cascaded".
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 SET (check_option=local);
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-20); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-20).
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (30); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view2"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (30).
+ALTER VIEW rw_view2 RESET (check_option);
+\d+ rw_view2
+                          View "public.rw_view2"
+ Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ a      | integer |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ SELECT rw_view1.a
+   FROM rw_view1
+  WHERE rw_view1.a < 10;
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.views WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+ table_catalog | table_schema | table_name |      view_definition       | check_option | is_updatable | is_insertable_into | is_trigger_updatable | is_trigger_deletable | is_trigger_insertable_into 
+---------------+--------------+------------+----------------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------------
+ regression    | public       | rw_view2   |  SELECT rw_view1.a        +| NONE         | YES          | YES                | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+               |              |            |    FROM rw_view1          +|              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+               |              |            |   WHERE (rw_view1.a < 10); |              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (30); -- ok, but not in view
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+  a  
+-----
+   5
+ -10
+  30
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+-- WITH CHECK OPTION with no local view qual
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WITH CHECK OPTION;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a > 0;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view3 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view2 WITH CHECK OPTION;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.views WHERE table_name LIKE E'rw\\_view_' ORDER BY table_name;
+ table_catalog | table_schema | table_name |      view_definition      | check_option | is_updatable | is_insertable_into | is_trigger_updatable | is_trigger_deletable | is_trigger_insertable_into 
+---------------+--------------+------------+---------------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------------
+ regression    | public       | rw_view1   |  SELECT base_tbl.a       +| CASCADED     | YES          | YES                | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+               |              |            |    FROM base_tbl;         |              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+ regression    | public       | rw_view2   |  SELECT rw_view1.a       +| NONE         | YES          | YES                | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+               |              |            |    FROM rw_view1         +|              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+               |              |            |   WHERE (rw_view1.a > 0); |              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+ regression    | public       | rw_view3   |  SELECT rw_view2.a       +| CASCADED     | YES          | YES                | NO                   | NO                   | NO
+               |              |            |    FROM rw_view2;         |              |              |                    |                      |                      | 
+(3 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (-1); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (1); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-2); -- ok, but not in view
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (2); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view3 VALUES (-3); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view2"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-3).
+INSERT INTO rw_view3 VALUES (3); -- ok
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+drop cascades to view rw_view3
+-- WITH CHECK OPTION with scalar array ops
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, b int[]);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a = ANY (b)
+  WITH CHECK OPTION;
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (1, ARRAY[1,2,3]); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (10, ARRAY[4,5]); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, {4,5}).
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b[2] = -b[2] WHERE a = 1; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b[1] = -b[1] WHERE a = 1; -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, {-1,-2,3}).
+PREPARE ins(int, int[]) AS INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES($1, $2);
+EXECUTE ins(2, ARRAY[1,2,3]); -- ok
+EXECUTE ins(10, ARRAY[4,5]); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, {4,5}).
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE ins;
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+-- WITH CHECK OPTION with subquery
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int);
+CREATE TABLE ref_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO ref_tbl SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,10);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS
+  SELECT * FROM base_tbl b
+  WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM ref_tbl r WHERE r.a = b.a)
+  WITH CHECK OPTION;
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (5); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (15); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (15).
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a + 5; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a + 5; -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (15).
+EXPLAIN (costs off) INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (5);
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on base_tbl b
+   ->  Result
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Index Only Scan using ref_tbl_pkey on ref_tbl r
+           Index Cond: (a = b.a)
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a + 5;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on base_tbl b
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Hash Cond: (b.a = r.a)
+         ->  Seq Scan on base_tbl b
+         ->  Hash
+               ->  Seq Scan on ref_tbl r
+   SubPlan 1
+     ->  Index Only Scan using ref_tbl_pkey on ref_tbl r_1
+           Index Cond: (a = b.a)
+(9 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl, ref_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+-- WITH CHECK OPTION with BEFORE trigger on base table
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, b int);
+CREATE FUNCTION base_tbl_trig_fn()
+RETURNS trigger AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  NEW.b := 10;
+  RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER base_tbl_trig BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON base_tbl
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE base_tbl_trig_fn();
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a < b WITH CHECK OPTION;
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (5,0); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (15, 20); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (15, 10).
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = 20, b = 30; -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 10).
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+DROP FUNCTION base_tbl_trig_fn();
+-- WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION with INSTEAD OF trigger on base view
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, b int);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT a FROM base_tbl WHERE a < b;
+CREATE FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn()
+RETURNS trigger AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  IF TG_OP = 'INSERT' THEN
+    INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a, 10);
+    RETURN NEW;
+  ELSIF TG_OP = 'UPDATE' THEN
+    UPDATE base_tbl SET a=NEW.a WHERE a=OLD.a;
+    RETURN NEW;
+  ELSIF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN
+    DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=OLD.a;
+    RETURN OLD;
+  END IF;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER rw_view1_trig
+  INSTEAD OF INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON rw_view1
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE rw_view1_trig_fn();
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS
+  SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a > 0 WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION;
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-5); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view2"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-5).
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (5); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (50); -- ok, but not in view
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = a - 10; -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "rw_view2"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-5).
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ a  | b  
+----+----
+  5 | 10
+ 50 | 10
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Check option won't cascade down to base view with INSTEAD OF triggers
+ALTER VIEW rw_view2 SET (check_option=cascaded);
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (100); -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view1's check)
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = 200 WHERE a = 5; -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view1's check)
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+  a  | b  
+-----+----
+  50 | 10
+ 100 | 10
+ 200 | 10
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Neither local nor cascaded check options work with INSTEAD rules
+DROP TRIGGER rw_view1_trig ON rw_view1;
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_ins_rule AS ON INSERT TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a, 10);
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_upd_rule AS ON UPDATE TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD UPDATE base_tbl SET a=NEW.a WHERE a=OLD.a;
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-10); -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view2's check)
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (5); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (20); -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view1's check)
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = 30 WHERE a = 5; -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view1's check)
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (5); -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = -5 WHERE a = 5; -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view2's check)
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+  a  | b  
+-----+----
+  50 | 10
+ 100 | 10
+ 200 | 10
+ -10 | 10
+  20 | 10
+  30 | 10
+  -5 | 10
+(7 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+DROP FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn();
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT a,10 AS b FROM base_tbl;
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_ins_rule AS ON INSERT TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS
+  SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a > b WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION;
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (2,3); -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view2's check)
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+-- security barrier view
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (person text, visibility text);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES ('Tom', 'public'),
+                            ('Dick', 'private'),
+                            ('Harry', 'public');
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS
+  SELECT person FROM base_tbl WHERE visibility = 'public';
+CREATE FUNCTION snoop(anyelement)
+RETURNS boolean AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'snooped value: %', $1;
+  RETURN true;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql COST 0.000001;
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION leakproof(anyelement)
+RETURNS boolean AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  RETURN true;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql STRICT IMMUTABLE LEAKPROOF;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE snoop(person);
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Dick
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+ person 
+--------
+ Tom
+ Harry
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET person=person WHERE snoop(person);
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Dick
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE NOT snoop(person);
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Dick
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 SET (security_barrier = true);
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | YES
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ rw_view1   | YES          | YES
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1'
+ ORDER BY ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view1   | person      | YES
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE snoop(person);
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+ person 
+--------
+ Tom
+ Harry
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET person=person WHERE snoop(person);
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE NOT snoop(person);
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE snoop(person);
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on rw_view1
+   Filter: snoop(rw_view1.person)
+   ->  Seq Scan on base_tbl
+         Filter: (visibility = 'public'::text)
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view1 SET person=person WHERE snoop(person);
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on base_tbl
+   ->  Seq Scan on base_tbl
+         Filter: ((visibility = 'public'::text) AND snoop(person))
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE NOT snoop(person);
+                               QUERY PLAN                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on base_tbl
+   ->  Seq Scan on base_tbl
+         Filter: ((visibility = 'public'::text) AND (NOT snoop(person)))
+(3 rows)
+
+-- security barrier view on top of security barrier view
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 WITH (security_barrier = true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE snoop(person);
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+ table_name | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------------
+ rw_view2   | YES
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ rw_view2   | YES          | YES
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2'
+ ORDER BY ordinal_position;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ rw_view2   | person      | YES
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 WHERE snoop(person);
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+ person 
+--------
+ Tom
+ Harry
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET person=person WHERE snoop(person);
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE NOT snoop(person);
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Tom
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Harry
+EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT * FROM rw_view2 WHERE snoop(person);
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on rw_view2
+   Filter: snoop(rw_view2.person)
+   ->  Subquery Scan on rw_view1
+         Filter: snoop(rw_view1.person)
+         ->  Seq Scan on base_tbl
+               Filter: (visibility = 'public'::text)
+(6 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view2 SET person=person WHERE snoop(person);
+                                     QUERY PLAN                                      
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on base_tbl
+   ->  Seq Scan on base_tbl
+         Filter: ((visibility = 'public'::text) AND snoop(person) AND snoop(person))
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE NOT snoop(person);
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on base_tbl
+   ->  Seq Scan on base_tbl
+         Filter: ((visibility = 'public'::text) AND snoop(person) AND (NOT snoop(person)))
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+drop cascades to view rw_view2
+-- security barrier view on top of table with rules
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(id int PRIMARY KEY, data text, deleted boolean);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1', false), (2, 'Row 2', true);
+CREATE RULE base_tbl_ins_rule AS ON INSERT TO base_tbl
+  WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM base_tbl t WHERE t.id = new.id)
+  DO INSTEAD
+    UPDATE base_tbl SET data = new.data, deleted = false WHERE id = new.id;
+CREATE RULE base_tbl_del_rule AS ON DELETE TO base_tbl
+  DO INSTEAD
+    UPDATE base_tbl SET deleted = true WHERE id = old.id;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 WITH (security_barrier=true) AS
+  SELECT id, data FROM base_tbl WHERE NOT deleted;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+ id | data  
+----+-------
+  1 | Row 1
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE id = 1 AND snoop(data);
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on base_tbl base_tbl_1
+   ->  Nested Loop
+         ->  Index Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl base_tbl_1
+               Index Cond: (id = 1)
+         ->  Index Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl
+               Index Cond: (id = 1)
+               Filter: ((NOT deleted) AND snoop(data))
+(7 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE id = 1 AND snoop(data);
+NOTICE:  snooped value: Row 1
+EXPLAIN (costs off) INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (2, 'New row 2');
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on base_tbl
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Index Only Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl t
+           Index Cond: (id = 2)
+   ->  Result
+         One-Time Filter: ($0 IS NOT TRUE)
+ 
+ Update on base_tbl
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Index Only Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl t
+           Index Cond: (id = 2)
+   ->  Result
+         One-Time Filter: $0
+         ->  Index Scan using base_tbl_pkey on base_tbl
+               Index Cond: (id = 2)
+(15 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (2, 'New row 2');
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+ id |   data    | deleted 
+----+-----------+---------
+  1 | Row 1     | t
+  2 | New row 2 | f
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view rw_view1
+-- security barrier view based on inheritance set
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a int, b float, c text);
+CREATE INDEX t1_a_idx ON t1(a);
+INSERT INTO t1
+SELECT i,i,'t1' FROM generate_series(1,10) g(i);
+ANALYZE t1;
+CREATE TABLE t11 (d text) INHERITS (t1);
+CREATE INDEX t11_a_idx ON t11(a);
+INSERT INTO t11
+SELECT i,i,'t11','t11d' FROM generate_series(1,10) g(i);
+ANALYZE t11;
+CREATE TABLE t12 (e int[]) INHERITS (t1);
+CREATE INDEX t12_a_idx ON t12(a);
+INSERT INTO t12
+SELECT i,i,'t12','{1,2}'::int[] FROM generate_series(1,10) g(i);
+ANALYZE t12;
+CREATE TABLE t111 () INHERITS (t11, t12);
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "a"
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
+NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "c"
+CREATE INDEX t111_a_idx ON t111(a);
+INSERT INTO t111
+SELECT i,i,'t111','t111d','{1,1,1}'::int[] FROM generate_series(1,10) g(i);
+ANALYZE t111;
+CREATE VIEW v1 WITH (security_barrier=true) AS
+SELECT *, (SELECT d FROM t11 WHERE t11.a = t1.a LIMIT 1) AS d
+FROM t1
+WHERE a > 5 AND EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM t12 WHERE t12.a = t1.a);
+SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE a=3; -- should not see anything
+ a | b | c | d 
+---+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE a=8;
+ a | b |  c   |  d   
+---+---+------+------
+ 8 | 8 | t1   | t11d
+ 8 | 8 | t11  | t11d
+ 8 | 8 | t12  | t11d
+ 8 | 8 | t111 | t11d
+(4 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE v1 SET a=100 WHERE snoop(a) AND leakproof(a) AND a < 7 AND a != 6;
+                                             QUERY PLAN                                              
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.t1
+   Update on public.t1 t1_1
+   Update on public.t11 t1_2
+   Update on public.t12 t1_3
+   Update on public.t111 t1_4
+   ->  Result
+         Output: 100, t1.tableoid, t1.ctid
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Index Scan using t1_a_idx on public.t1 t1_1
+                     Output: t1_1.tableoid, t1_1.ctid
+                     Index Cond: ((t1_1.a > 5) AND (t1_1.a < 7))
+                     Filter: ((t1_1.a <> 6) AND (SubPlan 1) AND snoop(t1_1.a) AND leakproof(t1_1.a))
+                     SubPlan 1
+                       ->  Append
+                             ->  Seq Scan on public.t12 t12_1
+                                   Filter: (t12_1.a = t1_1.a)
+                             ->  Seq Scan on public.t111 t12_2
+                                   Filter: (t12_2.a = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Index Scan using t11_a_idx on public.t11 t1_2
+                     Output: t1_2.tableoid, t1_2.ctid
+                     Index Cond: ((t1_2.a > 5) AND (t1_2.a < 7))
+                     Filter: ((t1_2.a <> 6) AND (SubPlan 1) AND snoop(t1_2.a) AND leakproof(t1_2.a))
+               ->  Index Scan using t12_a_idx on public.t12 t1_3
+                     Output: t1_3.tableoid, t1_3.ctid
+                     Index Cond: ((t1_3.a > 5) AND (t1_3.a < 7))
+                     Filter: ((t1_3.a <> 6) AND (SubPlan 1) AND snoop(t1_3.a) AND leakproof(t1_3.a))
+               ->  Index Scan using t111_a_idx on public.t111 t1_4
+                     Output: t1_4.tableoid, t1_4.ctid
+                     Index Cond: ((t1_4.a > 5) AND (t1_4.a < 7))
+                     Filter: ((t1_4.a <> 6) AND (SubPlan 1) AND snoop(t1_4.a) AND leakproof(t1_4.a))
+(30 rows)
+
+UPDATE v1 SET a=100 WHERE snoop(a) AND leakproof(a) AND a < 7 AND a != 6;
+SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE a=100; -- Nothing should have been changed to 100
+ a | b | c | d 
+---+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=100; -- Nothing should have been changed to 100
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE v1 SET a=a+1 WHERE snoop(a) AND leakproof(a) AND a = 8;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.t1
+   Update on public.t1 t1_1
+   Update on public.t11 t1_2
+   Update on public.t12 t1_3
+   Update on public.t111 t1_4
+   ->  Result
+         Output: (t1.a + 1), t1.tableoid, t1.ctid
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Index Scan using t1_a_idx on public.t1 t1_1
+                     Output: t1_1.a, t1_1.tableoid, t1_1.ctid
+                     Index Cond: ((t1_1.a > 5) AND (t1_1.a = 8))
+                     Filter: ((SubPlan 1) AND snoop(t1_1.a) AND leakproof(t1_1.a))
+                     SubPlan 1
+                       ->  Append
+                             ->  Seq Scan on public.t12 t12_1
+                                   Filter: (t12_1.a = t1_1.a)
+                             ->  Seq Scan on public.t111 t12_2
+                                   Filter: (t12_2.a = t1_1.a)
+               ->  Index Scan using t11_a_idx on public.t11 t1_2
+                     Output: t1_2.a, t1_2.tableoid, t1_2.ctid
+                     Index Cond: ((t1_2.a > 5) AND (t1_2.a = 8))
+                     Filter: ((SubPlan 1) AND snoop(t1_2.a) AND leakproof(t1_2.a))
+               ->  Index Scan using t12_a_idx on public.t12 t1_3
+                     Output: t1_3.a, t1_3.tableoid, t1_3.ctid
+                     Index Cond: ((t1_3.a > 5) AND (t1_3.a = 8))
+                     Filter: ((SubPlan 1) AND snoop(t1_3.a) AND leakproof(t1_3.a))
+               ->  Index Scan using t111_a_idx on public.t111 t1_4
+                     Output: t1_4.a, t1_4.tableoid, t1_4.ctid
+                     Index Cond: ((t1_4.a > 5) AND (t1_4.a = 8))
+                     Filter: ((SubPlan 1) AND snoop(t1_4.a) AND leakproof(t1_4.a))
+(30 rows)
+
+UPDATE v1 SET a=a+1 WHERE snoop(a) AND leakproof(a) AND a = 8;
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 8
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 8
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 8
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 8
+SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE b=8;
+ a | b |  c   |  d   
+---+---+------+------
+ 9 | 8 | t1   | t11d
+ 9 | 8 | t11  | t11d
+ 9 | 8 | t12  | t11d
+ 9 | 8 | t111 | t11d
+(4 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM v1 WHERE snoop(a) AND leakproof(a); -- should not delete everything, just where a>5
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 6
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 7
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 9
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 10
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 9
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 6
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 7
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 9
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 10
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 9
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 6
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 7
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 9
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 10
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 9
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 6
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 7
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 9
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 10
+NOTICE:  snooped value: 9
+TABLE t1; -- verify all a<=5 are intact
+ a | b |  c   
+---+---+------
+ 1 | 1 | t1
+ 2 | 2 | t1
+ 3 | 3 | t1
+ 4 | 4 | t1
+ 5 | 5 | t1
+ 1 | 1 | t11
+ 2 | 2 | t11
+ 3 | 3 | t11
+ 4 | 4 | t11
+ 5 | 5 | t11
+ 1 | 1 | t12
+ 2 | 2 | t12
+ 3 | 3 | t12
+ 4 | 4 | t12
+ 5 | 5 | t12
+ 1 | 1 | t111
+ 2 | 2 | t111
+ 3 | 3 | t111
+ 4 | 4 | t111
+ 5 | 5 | t111
+(20 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE t1, t11, t12, t111 CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to view v1
+DROP FUNCTION snoop(anyelement);
+DROP FUNCTION leakproof(anyelement);
+CREATE TABLE tx1 (a integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx2 (b integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx3 (c integer);
+CREATE VIEW vx1 AS SELECT a FROM tx1 WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM tx2 JOIN tx3 ON b=c);
+INSERT INTO vx1 values (1);
+SELECT * FROM tx1;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM vx1;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW vx1;
+DROP TABLE tx1;
+DROP TABLE tx2;
+DROP TABLE tx3;
+CREATE TABLE tx1 (a integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx2 (b integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx3 (c integer);
+CREATE VIEW vx1 AS SELECT a FROM tx1 WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM tx2 JOIN tx3 ON b=c);
+INSERT INTO vx1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO vx1 VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM tx1;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 1
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM vx1;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW vx1;
+DROP TABLE tx1;
+DROP TABLE tx2;
+DROP TABLE tx3;
+CREATE TABLE tx1 (a integer, b integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx2 (b integer, c integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx3 (c integer, d integer);
+ALTER TABLE tx1 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE tx2 DROP COLUMN c;
+ALTER TABLE tx3 DROP COLUMN d;
+CREATE VIEW vx1 AS SELECT a FROM tx1 WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM tx2 JOIN tx3 ON b=c);
+INSERT INTO vx1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO vx1 VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM tx1;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 1
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM vx1;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW vx1;
+DROP TABLE tx1;
+DROP TABLE tx2;
+DROP TABLE tx3;
+--
+-- Test handling of vars from correlated subqueries in quals from outer
+-- security barrier views, per bug #13988
+--
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a int, b text, c int);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 'one', 10);
+CREATE TABLE t2 (cc int);
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (10), (20);
+CREATE VIEW v1 WITH (security_barrier = true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (a > 0)
+  WITH CHECK OPTION;
+CREATE VIEW v2 WITH (security_barrier = true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM t2 WHERE t2.cc = v1.c)
+  WITH CHECK OPTION;
+INSERT INTO v2 VALUES (2, 'two', 20); -- ok
+INSERT INTO v2 VALUES (-2, 'minus two', 20); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "v1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-2, minus two, 20).
+INSERT INTO v2 VALUES (3, 'three', 30); -- not allowed
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "v2"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (3, three, 30).
+UPDATE v2 SET b = 'ONE' WHERE a = 1; -- ok
+UPDATE v2 SET a = -1 WHERE a = 1; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "v1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-1, ONE, 10).
+UPDATE v2 SET c = 30 WHERE a = 1; -- not allowed
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "v2"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, ONE, 30).
+DELETE FROM v2 WHERE a = 2; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM v2;
+ a |  b  | c  
+---+-----+----
+ 1 | ONE | 10
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW v2;
+DROP VIEW v1;
+DROP TABLE t2;
+DROP TABLE t1;
+--
+-- Test sub-select in nested security barrier views, per bug #17972
+--
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a int);
+CREATE VIEW v1 WITH (security_barrier = true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM t1;
+CREATE RULE v1_upd_rule AS ON UPDATE TO v1 DO INSTEAD
+  UPDATE t1 SET a = NEW.a WHERE a = OLD.a;
+CREATE VIEW v2 WITH (security_barrier = true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE v2 SET a = 1;
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Update on t1
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Result
+   ->  Merge Join
+         Merge Cond: (t1.a = v1.a)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: t1.a
+               ->  Seq Scan on t1
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: v1.a
+               ->  Subquery Scan on v1
+                     ->  Result
+                           One-Time Filter: $0
+                           ->  Seq Scan on t1 t1_1
+(14 rows)
+
+DROP VIEW v2;
+DROP VIEW v1;
+DROP TABLE t1;
+--
+-- Test CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW turning a non-updatable view into an
+-- auto-updatable view and adding check options in a single step
+--
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT null::int AS a;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a > 0 WITH CHECK OPTION;
+INSERT INTO v1 VALUES (1, 'ok'); -- ok
+INSERT INTO v1 VALUES (-1, 'invalid'); -- should fail
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "v1"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (-1, invalid).
+DROP VIEW v1;
+DROP TABLE t1;
+-- check that an auto-updatable view on a partitioned table works correctly
+create table uv_pt (a int, b int, v varchar) partition by range (a, b);
+create table uv_pt1 (b int not null, v varchar, a int not null) partition by range (b);
+create table uv_pt11 (like uv_pt1);
+alter table uv_pt11 drop a;
+alter table uv_pt11 add a int;
+alter table uv_pt11 drop a;
+alter table uv_pt11 add a int not null;
+alter table uv_pt1 attach partition uv_pt11 for values from (2) to (5);
+alter table uv_pt attach partition uv_pt1 for values from (1, 2) to (1, 10);
+create view uv_ptv as select * from uv_pt;
+select events & 4 != 0 AS upd,
+       events & 8 != 0 AS ins,
+       events & 16 != 0 AS del
+  from pg_catalog.pg_relation_is_updatable('uv_pt'::regclass, false) t(events);
+ upd | ins | del 
+-----+-----+-----
+ t   | t   | t
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_catalog.pg_column_is_updatable('uv_pt'::regclass, 1::smallint, false);
+ pg_column_is_updatable 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_catalog.pg_column_is_updatable('uv_pt'::regclass, 2::smallint, false);
+ pg_column_is_updatable 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  from information_schema.views where table_name = 'uv_ptv';
+ table_name | is_updatable | is_insertable_into 
+------------+--------------+--------------------
+ uv_ptv     | YES          | YES
+(1 row)
+
+select table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  from information_schema.columns where table_name = 'uv_ptv' order by column_name;
+ table_name | column_name | is_updatable 
+------------+-------------+--------------
+ uv_ptv     | a           | YES
+ uv_ptv     | b           | YES
+ uv_ptv     | v           | YES
+(3 rows)
+
+insert into uv_ptv values (1, 2);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from uv_pt;
+ tableoid | a | b | v 
+----------+---+---+---
+ uv_pt11  | 1 | 2 | 
+(1 row)
+
+create view uv_ptv_wco as select * from uv_pt where a = 0 with check option;
+insert into uv_ptv_wco values (1, 2);
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "uv_ptv_wco"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, 2, null).
+drop view uv_ptv, uv_ptv_wco;
+drop table uv_pt, uv_pt1, uv_pt11;
+-- check that wholerow vars appearing in WITH CHECK OPTION constraint expressions
+-- work fine with partitioned tables
+create table wcowrtest (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table wcowrtest1 partition of wcowrtest for values in (1);
+create view wcowrtest_v as select * from wcowrtest where wcowrtest = '(2)'::wcowrtest with check option;
+insert into wcowrtest_v values (1);
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "wcowrtest_v"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1).
+alter table wcowrtest add b text;
+create table wcowrtest2 (b text, c int, a int);
+alter table wcowrtest2 drop c;
+alter table wcowrtest attach partition wcowrtest2 for values in (2);
+create table sometable (a int, b text);
+insert into sometable values (1, 'a'), (2, 'b');
+create view wcowrtest_v2 as
+    select *
+      from wcowrtest r
+      where r in (select s from sometable s where r.a = s.a)
+with check option;
+-- WITH CHECK qual will be processed with wcowrtest2's
+-- rowtype after tuple-routing
+insert into wcowrtest_v2 values (2, 'no such row in sometable');
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "wcowrtest_v2"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2, no such row in sometable).
+drop view wcowrtest_v, wcowrtest_v2;
+drop table wcowrtest, sometable;
+-- Check INSERT .. ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE works correctly when the view's
+-- columns are named and ordered differently than the underlying table's.
+create table uv_iocu_tab (a text unique, b float);
+insert into uv_iocu_tab values ('xyxyxy', 0);
+create view uv_iocu_view as
+   select b, b+1 as c, a, '2.0'::text as two from uv_iocu_tab;
+insert into uv_iocu_view (a, b) values ('xyxyxy', 1)
+   on conflict (a) do update set b = uv_iocu_view.b;
+select * from uv_iocu_tab;
+   a    | b 
+--------+---
+ xyxyxy | 0
+(1 row)
+
+insert into uv_iocu_view (a, b) values ('xyxyxy', 1)
+   on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+select * from uv_iocu_tab;
+   a    | b 
+--------+---
+ xyxyxy | 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- OK to access view columns that are not present in underlying base
+-- relation in the ON CONFLICT portion of the query
+insert into uv_iocu_view (a, b) values ('xyxyxy', 3)
+   on conflict (a) do update set b = cast(excluded.two as float);
+select * from uv_iocu_tab;
+   a    | b 
+--------+---
+ xyxyxy | 2
+(1 row)
+
+explain (costs off)
+insert into uv_iocu_view (a, b) values ('xyxyxy', 3)
+   on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where excluded.c > 0;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on uv_iocu_tab
+   Conflict Resolution: UPDATE
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: uv_iocu_tab_a_key
+   Conflict Filter: ((excluded.b + '1'::double precision) > '0'::double precision)
+   ->  Result
+(5 rows)
+
+insert into uv_iocu_view (a, b) values ('xyxyxy', 3)
+   on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where excluded.c > 0;
+select * from uv_iocu_tab;
+   a    | b 
+--------+---
+ xyxyxy | 3
+(1 row)
+
+drop view uv_iocu_view;
+drop table uv_iocu_tab;
+-- Test whole-row references to the view
+create table uv_iocu_tab (a int unique, b text);
+create view uv_iocu_view as
+    select b as bb, a as aa, uv_iocu_tab::text as cc from uv_iocu_tab;
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa,bb) values (1,'x');
+explain (costs off)
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa,bb) values (1,'y')
+   on conflict (aa) do update set bb = 'Rejected: '||excluded.*
+   where excluded.aa > 0
+   and excluded.bb != ''
+   and excluded.cc is not null;
+                                               QUERY PLAN                                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Insert on uv_iocu_tab
+   Conflict Resolution: UPDATE
+   Conflict Arbiter Indexes: uv_iocu_tab_a_key
+   Conflict Filter: ((excluded.a > 0) AND (excluded.b <> ''::text) AND ((excluded.*)::text IS NOT NULL))
+   ->  Result
+(5 rows)
+
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa,bb) values (1,'y')
+   on conflict (aa) do update set bb = 'Rejected: '||excluded.*
+   where excluded.aa > 0
+   and excluded.bb != ''
+   and excluded.cc is not null;
+select * from uv_iocu_view;
+           bb            | aa |               cc                
+-------------------------+----+---------------------------------
+ Rejected: (y,1,"(1,y)") |  1 | (1,"Rejected: (y,1,""(1,y)"")")
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test omitting a column of the base relation
+delete from uv_iocu_view;
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa,bb) values (1,'x');
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa) values (1)
+   on conflict (aa) do update set bb = 'Rejected: '||excluded.*;
+select * from uv_iocu_view;
+          bb           | aa |              cc               
+-----------------------+----+-------------------------------
+ Rejected: (,1,"(1,)") |  1 | (1,"Rejected: (,1,""(1,)"")")
+(1 row)
+
+alter table uv_iocu_tab alter column b set default 'table default';
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa) values (1)
+   on conflict (aa) do update set bb = 'Rejected: '||excluded.*;
+select * from uv_iocu_view;
+                          bb                           | aa |                                 cc                                  
+-------------------------------------------------------+----+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Rejected: ("table default",1,"(1,""table default"")") |  1 | (1,"Rejected: (""table default"",1,""(1,""""table default"""")"")")
+(1 row)
+
+alter view uv_iocu_view alter column bb set default 'view default';
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa) values (1)
+   on conflict (aa) do update set bb = 'Rejected: '||excluded.*;
+select * from uv_iocu_view;
+                         bb                          | aa |                                cc                                 
+-----------------------------------------------------+----+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Rejected: ("view default",1,"(1,""view default"")") |  1 | (1,"Rejected: (""view default"",1,""(1,""""view default"""")"")")
+(1 row)
+
+-- Should fail to update non-updatable columns
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa) values (1)
+   on conflict (aa) do update set cc = 'XXX';
+ERROR:  cannot insert into column "cc" of view "uv_iocu_view"
+DETAIL:  View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable.
+drop view uv_iocu_view;
+drop table uv_iocu_tab;
+-- ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE permissions checks
+create user regress_view_user1;
+create user regress_view_user2;
+set session authorization regress_view_user1;
+create table base_tbl(a int unique, b text, c float);
+insert into base_tbl values (1,'xxx',1.0);
+create view rw_view1 as select b as bb, c as cc, a as aa from base_tbl;
+grant select (aa,bb) on rw_view1 to regress_view_user2;
+grant insert on rw_view1 to regress_view_user2;
+grant update (bb) on rw_view1 to regress_view_user2;
+set session authorization regress_view_user2;
+insert into rw_view1 values ('yyy',2.0,1)
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.cc; -- Not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+insert into rw_view1 values ('yyy',2.0,1)
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = rw_view1.cc; -- Not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+insert into rw_view1 values ('yyy',2.0,1)
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.bb; -- OK
+insert into rw_view1 values ('zzz',2.0,1)
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = rw_view1.bb||'xxx'; -- OK
+insert into rw_view1 values ('zzz',2.0,1)
+  on conflict (aa) do update set cc = 3.0; -- Not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+reset session authorization;
+select * from base_tbl;
+ a |   b    | c 
+---+--------+---
+ 1 | yyyxxx | 1
+(1 row)
+
+set session authorization regress_view_user1;
+grant select (a,b) on base_tbl to regress_view_user2;
+grant insert (a,b) on base_tbl to regress_view_user2;
+grant update (a,b) on base_tbl to regress_view_user2;
+set session authorization regress_view_user2;
+create view rw_view2 as select b as bb, c as cc, a as aa from base_tbl;
+insert into rw_view2 (aa,bb) values (1,'xxx')
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.bb; -- Not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for table base_tbl
+create view rw_view3 as select b as bb, a as aa from base_tbl;
+insert into rw_view3 (aa,bb) values (1,'xxx')
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.bb; -- OK
+reset session authorization;
+select * from base_tbl;
+ a |  b  | c 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | xxx | 1
+(1 row)
+
+set session authorization regress_view_user2;
+create view rw_view4 as select aa, bb, cc FROM rw_view1;
+insert into rw_view4 (aa,bb) values (1,'yyy')
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.bb; -- Not allowed
+ERROR:  permission denied for view rw_view1
+create view rw_view5 as select aa, bb FROM rw_view1;
+insert into rw_view5 (aa,bb) values (1,'yyy')
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.bb; -- OK
+reset session authorization;
+select * from base_tbl;
+ a |  b  | c 
+---+-----+---
+ 1 | yyy | 1
+(1 row)
+
+drop view rw_view5;
+drop view rw_view4;
+drop view rw_view3;
+drop view rw_view2;
+drop view rw_view1;
+drop table base_tbl;
+drop user regress_view_user1;
+drop user regress_view_user2;
+-- Test single- and multi-row inserts with table and view defaults.
+-- Table defaults should be used, unless overridden by view defaults.
+create table base_tab_def (a int, b text default 'Table default',
+                           c text default 'Table default', d text, e text);
+create view base_tab_def_view as select * from base_tab_def;
+alter view base_tab_def_view alter b set default 'View default';
+alter view base_tab_def_view alter d set default 'View default';
+insert into base_tab_def values (1);
+insert into base_tab_def values (2), (3);
+insert into base_tab_def values (4, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def values (5, default, default, default, default),
+                                (6, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (11);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (12), (13);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (14, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (15, default, default, default, default),
+                                     (16, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (17), (default);
+select * from base_tab_def order by a;
+ a  |       b       |       c       |      d       | e 
+----+---------------+---------------+--------------+---
+  1 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  2 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  3 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  4 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  5 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  6 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+ 11 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 12 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 13 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 14 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 15 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 16 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 17 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+    | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+(14 rows)
+
+-- Adding an INSTEAD OF trigger should cause NULLs to be inserted instead of
+-- table defaults, where there are no view defaults.
+create function base_tab_def_view_instrig_func() returns trigger
+as
+$$
+begin
+  insert into base_tab_def values (new.a, new.b, new.c, new.d, new.e);
+  return new;
+end;
+$$
+language plpgsql;
+create trigger base_tab_def_view_instrig instead of insert on base_tab_def_view
+  for each row execute function base_tab_def_view_instrig_func();
+truncate base_tab_def;
+insert into base_tab_def values (1);
+insert into base_tab_def values (2), (3);
+insert into base_tab_def values (4, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def values (5, default, default, default, default),
+                                (6, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (11);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (12), (13);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (14, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (15, default, default, default, default),
+                                     (16, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (17), (default);
+select * from base_tab_def order by a;
+ a  |       b       |       c       |      d       | e 
+----+---------------+---------------+--------------+---
+  1 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  2 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  3 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  4 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  5 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  6 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+ 11 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 12 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 13 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 14 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 15 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 16 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 17 | View default  |               | View default | 
+    | View default  |               | View default | 
+(14 rows)
+
+-- Using an unconditional DO INSTEAD rule should also cause NULLs to be
+-- inserted where there are no view defaults.
+drop trigger base_tab_def_view_instrig on base_tab_def_view;
+drop function base_tab_def_view_instrig_func;
+create rule base_tab_def_view_ins_rule as on insert to base_tab_def_view
+  do instead insert into base_tab_def values (new.a, new.b, new.c, new.d, new.e);
+truncate base_tab_def;
+insert into base_tab_def values (1);
+insert into base_tab_def values (2), (3);
+insert into base_tab_def values (4, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def values (5, default, default, default, default),
+                                (6, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (11);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (12), (13);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (14, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (15, default, default, default, default),
+                                     (16, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (17), (default);
+select * from base_tab_def order by a;
+ a  |       b       |       c       |      d       | e 
+----+---------------+---------------+--------------+---
+  1 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  2 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  3 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  4 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  5 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  6 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+ 11 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 12 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 13 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 14 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 15 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 16 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 17 | View default  |               | View default | 
+    | View default  |               | View default | 
+(14 rows)
+
+-- A DO ALSO rule should cause each row to be inserted twice. The first
+-- insert should behave the same as an auto-updatable view (using table
+-- defaults, unless overridden by view defaults). The second insert should
+-- behave the same as a rule-updatable view (inserting NULLs where there are
+-- no view defaults).
+drop rule base_tab_def_view_ins_rule on base_tab_def_view;
+create rule base_tab_def_view_ins_rule as on insert to base_tab_def_view
+  do also insert into base_tab_def values (new.a, new.b, new.c, new.d, new.e);
+truncate base_tab_def;
+insert into base_tab_def values (1);
+insert into base_tab_def values (2), (3);
+insert into base_tab_def values (4, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def values (5, default, default, default, default),
+                                (6, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (11);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (12), (13);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (14, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (15, default, default, default, default),
+                                     (16, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (17), (default);
+select * from base_tab_def order by a, c NULLS LAST;
+ a  |       b       |       c       |      d       | e 
+----+---------------+---------------+--------------+---
+  1 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  2 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  3 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  4 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  5 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+  6 | Table default | Table default |              | 
+ 11 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 11 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 12 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 12 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 13 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 13 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 14 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 14 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 15 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 15 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 16 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 16 | View default  |               | View default | 
+ 17 | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+ 17 | View default  |               | View default | 
+    | View default  | Table default | View default | 
+    | View default  |               | View default | 
+(22 rows)
+
+-- Test a DO ALSO INSERT ... SELECT rule
+drop rule base_tab_def_view_ins_rule on base_tab_def_view;
+create rule base_tab_def_view_ins_rule as on insert to base_tab_def_view
+  do also insert into base_tab_def (a, b, e) select new.a, new.b, 'xxx';
+truncate base_tab_def;
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (1, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (2, default, default, default, default),
+                                     (3, default, default, default, default);
+select * from base_tab_def order by a, e nulls first;
+ a |      b       |       c       |      d       |  e  
+---+--------------+---------------+--------------+-----
+ 1 | View default | Table default | View default | 
+ 1 | View default | Table default |              | xxx
+ 2 | View default | Table default | View default | 
+ 2 | View default | Table default |              | xxx
+ 3 | View default | Table default | View default | 
+ 3 | View default | Table default |              | xxx
+(6 rows)
+
+drop view base_tab_def_view;
+drop table base_tab_def;
+-- Test defaults with array assignments
+create table base_tab (a serial, b int[], c text, d text default 'Table default');
+create view base_tab_view as select c, a, b from base_tab;
+alter view base_tab_view alter column c set default 'View default';
+insert into base_tab_view (b[1], b[2], c, b[5], b[4], a, b[3])
+values (1, 2, default, 5, 4, default, 3), (10, 11, 'C value', 14, 13, 100, 12);
+select * from base_tab order by a;
+  a  |        b         |      c       |       d       
+-----+------------------+--------------+---------------
+   1 | {1,2,3,4,5}      | View default | Table default
+ 100 | {10,11,12,13,14} | C value      | Table default
+(2 rows)
+
+drop view base_tab_view;
+drop table base_tab;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/update.out b/src/test/regress/expected/update.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c809f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/update.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1028 @@
+--
+-- UPDATE syntax tests
+--
+CREATE TABLE update_test (
+    a   INT DEFAULT 10,
+    b   INT,
+    c   TEXT
+);
+CREATE TABLE upsert_test (
+    a   INT PRIMARY KEY,
+    b   TEXT
+);
+INSERT INTO update_test VALUES (5, 10, 'foo');
+INSERT INTO update_test(b, a) VALUES (15, 10);
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+ a  | b  |  c  
+----+----+-----
+  5 | 10 | foo
+ 10 | 15 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE update_test SET a = DEFAULT, b = DEFAULT;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+ a  | b |  c  
+----+---+-----
+ 10 |   | foo
+ 10 |   | 
+(2 rows)
+
+-- aliases for the UPDATE target table
+UPDATE update_test AS t SET b = 10 WHERE t.a = 10;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+ a  | b  |  c  
+----+----+-----
+ 10 | 10 | foo
+ 10 | 10 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE update_test t SET b = t.b + 10 WHERE t.a = 10;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+ a  | b  |  c  
+----+----+-----
+ 10 | 20 | foo
+ 10 | 20 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test VALUES in FROM
+--
+UPDATE update_test SET a=v.i FROM (VALUES(100, 20)) AS v(i, j)
+  WHERE update_test.b = v.j;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+  a  | b  |  c  
+-----+----+-----
+ 100 | 20 | foo
+ 100 | 20 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+-- fail, wrong data type:
+UPDATE update_test SET a = v.* FROM (VALUES(100, 20)) AS v(i, j)
+  WHERE update_test.b = v.j;
+ERROR:  column "a" is of type integer but expression is of type record
+LINE 1: UPDATE update_test SET a = v.* FROM (VALUES(100, 20)) AS v(i...
+                                   ^
+HINT:  You will need to rewrite or cast the expression.
+--
+-- Test multiple-set-clause syntax
+--
+INSERT INTO update_test SELECT a,b+1,c FROM update_test;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+  a  | b  |  c  
+-----+----+-----
+ 100 | 20 | foo
+ 100 | 20 | 
+ 100 | 21 | foo
+ 100 | 21 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE update_test SET (c,b,a) = ('bugle', b+11, DEFAULT) WHERE c = 'foo';
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+  a  | b  |   c   
+-----+----+-------
+ 100 | 20 | 
+ 100 | 21 | 
+  10 | 31 | bugle
+  10 | 32 | bugle
+(4 rows)
+
+UPDATE update_test SET (c,b) = ('car', a+b), a = a + 1 WHERE a = 10;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+  a  | b  |  c  
+-----+----+-----
+ 100 | 20 | 
+ 100 | 21 | 
+  11 | 41 | car
+  11 | 42 | car
+(4 rows)
+
+-- fail, multi assignment to same column:
+UPDATE update_test SET (c,b) = ('car', a+b), b = a + 1 WHERE a = 10;
+ERROR:  multiple assignments to same column "b"
+-- uncorrelated sub-select:
+UPDATE update_test
+  SET (b,a) = (select a,b from update_test where b = 41 and c = 'car')
+  WHERE a = 100 AND b = 20;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+  a  | b  |  c  
+-----+----+-----
+ 100 | 21 | 
+  11 | 41 | car
+  11 | 42 | car
+  41 | 11 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+-- correlated sub-select:
+UPDATE update_test o
+  SET (b,a) = (select a+1,b from update_test i
+               where i.a=o.a and i.b=o.b and i.c is not distinct from o.c);
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+ a  |  b  |  c  
+----+-----+-----
+ 21 | 101 | 
+ 41 |  12 | car
+ 42 |  12 | car
+ 11 |  42 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+-- fail, multiple rows supplied:
+UPDATE update_test SET (b,a) = (select a+1,b from update_test);
+ERROR:  more than one row returned by a subquery used as an expression
+-- set to null if no rows supplied:
+UPDATE update_test SET (b,a) = (select a+1,b from update_test where a = 1000)
+  WHERE a = 11;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+ a  |  b  |  c  
+----+-----+-----
+ 21 | 101 | 
+ 41 |  12 | car
+ 42 |  12 | car
+    |     | 
+(4 rows)
+
+-- *-expansion should work in this context:
+UPDATE update_test SET (a,b) = ROW(v.*) FROM (VALUES(21, 100)) AS v(i, j)
+  WHERE update_test.a = v.i;
+-- you might expect this to work, but syntactically it's not a RowExpr:
+UPDATE update_test SET (a,b) = (v.*) FROM (VALUES(21, 101)) AS v(i, j)
+  WHERE update_test.a = v.i;
+ERROR:  source for a multiple-column UPDATE item must be a sub-SELECT or ROW() expression
+LINE 1: UPDATE update_test SET (a,b) = (v.*) FROM (VALUES(21, 101)) ...
+                                        ^
+-- if an alias for the target table is specified, don't allow references
+-- to the original table name
+UPDATE update_test AS t SET b = update_test.b + 10 WHERE t.a = 10;
+ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "update_test"
+LINE 1: UPDATE update_test AS t SET b = update_test.b + 10 WHERE t.a...
+                                        ^
+HINT:  Perhaps you meant to reference the table alias "t".
+-- Make sure that we can update to a TOASTed value.
+UPDATE update_test SET c = repeat('x', 10000) WHERE c = 'car';
+SELECT a, b, char_length(c) FROM update_test;
+ a  |  b  | char_length 
+----+-----+-------------
+    |     |            
+ 21 | 100 |            
+ 41 |  12 |       10000
+ 42 |  12 |       10000
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Check multi-assignment with a Result node to handle a one-time filter.
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE update_test t
+  SET (a, b) = (SELECT b, a FROM update_test s WHERE s.a = t.a)
+  WHERE CURRENT_USER = SESSION_USER;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.update_test t
+   ->  Result
+         Output: $1, $2, (SubPlan 1 (returns $1,$2)), t.ctid
+         One-Time Filter: (CURRENT_USER = SESSION_USER)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.update_test t
+               Output: t.a, t.ctid
+         SubPlan 1 (returns $1,$2)
+           ->  Seq Scan on public.update_test s
+                 Output: s.b, s.a
+                 Filter: (s.a = t.a)
+(10 rows)
+
+UPDATE update_test t
+  SET (a, b) = (SELECT b, a FROM update_test s WHERE s.a = t.a)
+  WHERE CURRENT_USER = SESSION_USER;
+SELECT a, b, char_length(c) FROM update_test;
+  a  | b  | char_length 
+-----+----+-------------
+     |    |            
+ 100 | 21 |            
+  12 | 41 |       10000
+  12 | 42 |       10000
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Test ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES(1, 'Boo'), (3, 'Zoo');
+-- uncorrelated  sub-select:
+WITH aaa AS (SELECT 1 AS a, 'Foo' AS b) INSERT INTO upsert_test
+  VALUES (1, 'Bar') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b, a FROM aaa) RETURNING *;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | Foo
+(1 row)
+
+-- correlated sub-select:
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES (1, 'Baz'), (3, 'Zaz') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b || ', Correlated', a from upsert_test i WHERE i.a = upsert_test.a)
+  RETURNING *;
+ a |        b        
+---+-----------------
+ 1 | Foo, Correlated
+ 3 | Zoo, Correlated
+(2 rows)
+
+-- correlated sub-select (EXCLUDED.* alias):
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES (1, 'Bat'), (3, 'Zot') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b || ', Excluded', a from upsert_test i WHERE i.a = excluded.a)
+  RETURNING *;
+ a |             b             
+---+---------------------------
+ 1 | Foo, Correlated, Excluded
+ 3 | Zoo, Correlated, Excluded
+(2 rows)
+
+-- ON CONFLICT using system attributes in RETURNING, testing both the
+-- inserting and updating paths. See bug report at:
+-- https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/73436355-6432-49B1-92ED-1FE4F7E7E100%40finefun.com.au
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES (2, 'Beeble') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b || ', Excluded', a from upsert_test i WHERE i.a = excluded.a)
+  RETURNING tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid AS xmin_correct, xmax = 0 AS xmax_correct;
+  tableoid   | xmin_correct | xmax_correct 
+-------------+--------------+--------------
+ upsert_test | t            | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- currently xmax is set after a conflict - that's probably not good,
+-- but it seems worthwhile to have to be explicit if that changes.
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES (2, 'Brox') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b || ', Excluded', a from upsert_test i WHERE i.a = excluded.a)
+  RETURNING tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid AS xmin_correct, xmax = pg_current_xact_id()::xid AS xmax_correct;
+  tableoid   | xmin_correct | xmax_correct 
+-------------+--------------+--------------
+ upsert_test | t            | t
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE update_test;
+DROP TABLE upsert_test;
+-- Test ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE with partitioned table and non-identical children
+CREATE TABLE upsert_test (
+    a   INT PRIMARY KEY,
+    b   TEXT
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE upsert_test_1 PARTITION OF upsert_test FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE upsert_test_2 (b TEXT, a INT PRIMARY KEY);
+ALTER TABLE upsert_test ATTACH PARTITION upsert_test_2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES(1, 'Boo'), (2, 'Zoo');
+-- uncorrelated sub-select:
+WITH aaa AS (SELECT 1 AS a, 'Foo' AS b) INSERT INTO upsert_test
+  VALUES (1, 'Bar') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b, a FROM aaa) RETURNING *;
+ a |  b  
+---+-----
+ 1 | Foo
+(1 row)
+
+-- correlated sub-select:
+WITH aaa AS (SELECT 1 AS ctea, ' Foo' AS cteb) INSERT INTO upsert_test
+  VALUES (1, 'Bar'), (2, 'Baz') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT upsert_test.b||cteb, upsert_test.a FROM aaa) RETURNING *;
+ a |    b    
+---+---------
+ 1 | Foo Foo
+ 2 | Zoo Foo
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE upsert_test;
+---------------------------
+-- UPDATE with row movement
+---------------------------
+-- When a partitioned table receives an UPDATE to the partitioned key and the
+-- new values no longer meet the partition's bound, the row must be moved to
+-- the correct partition for the new partition key (if one exists). We must
+-- also ensure that updatable views on partitioned tables properly enforce any
+-- WITH CHECK OPTION that is defined. The situation with triggers in this case
+-- also requires thorough testing as partition key updates causing row
+-- movement convert UPDATEs into DELETE+INSERT.
+CREATE TABLE range_parted (
+	a text,
+	b bigint,
+	c numeric,
+	d int,
+	e varchar
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, b);
+-- Create partitions intentionally in descending bound order, so as to test
+-- that update-row-movement works with the leaf partitions not in bound order.
+CREATE TABLE part_b_20_b_30 (e varchar, c numeric, a text, b bigint, d int);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION part_b_20_b_30 FOR VALUES FROM ('b', 20) TO ('b', 30);
+CREATE TABLE part_b_10_b_20 (e varchar, c numeric, a text, b bigint, d int) PARTITION BY RANGE (c);
+CREATE TABLE part_b_1_b_10 PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('b', 1) TO ('b', 10);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION part_b_10_b_20 FOR VALUES FROM ('b', 10) TO ('b', 20);
+CREATE TABLE part_a_10_a_20 PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a', 10) TO ('a', 20);
+CREATE TABLE part_a_1_a_10 PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a', 1) TO ('a', 10);
+-- Check that partition-key UPDATE works sanely on a partitioned table that
+-- does not have any child partitions.
+UPDATE part_b_10_b_20 set b = b - 6;
+-- Create some more partitions following the above pattern of descending bound
+-- order, but let's make the situation a bit more complex by having the
+-- attribute numbers of the columns vary from their parent partition.
+CREATE TABLE part_c_100_200 (e varchar, c numeric, a text, b bigint, d int) PARTITION BY range (abs(d));
+ALTER TABLE part_c_100_200 DROP COLUMN e, DROP COLUMN c, DROP COLUMN a;
+ALTER TABLE part_c_100_200 ADD COLUMN c numeric, ADD COLUMN e varchar, ADD COLUMN a text;
+ALTER TABLE part_c_100_200 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE part_c_100_200 ADD COLUMN b bigint;
+CREATE TABLE part_d_1_15 PARTITION OF part_c_100_200 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (15);
+CREATE TABLE part_d_15_20 PARTITION OF part_c_100_200 FOR VALUES FROM (15) TO (20);
+ALTER TABLE part_b_10_b_20 ATTACH PARTITION part_c_100_200 FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE TABLE part_c_1_100 (e varchar, d int, c numeric, b bigint, a text);
+ALTER TABLE part_b_10_b_20 ATTACH PARTITION part_c_1_100 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100);
+\set init_range_parted 'truncate range_parted; insert into range_parted VALUES (''a'', 1, 1, 1), (''a'', 10, 200, 1), (''b'', 12, 96, 1), (''b'', 13, 97, 2), (''b'', 15, 105, 16), (''b'', 17, 105, 19)'
+\set show_data 'select tableoid::regclass::text COLLATE "C" partname, * from range_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6'
+:init_range_parted;
+:show_data;
+    partname    | a | b  |  c  | d  | e 
+----------------+---+----+-----+----+---
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 10 | 200 |  1 | 
+ part_a_1_a_10  | a |  1 |   1 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 12 |  96 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 13 |  97 |  2 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 15 | 105 | 16 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 17 | 105 | 19 | 
+(6 rows)
+
+-- The order of subplans should be in bound order
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE range_parted set c = c - 50 WHERE c > 97;
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on range_parted
+   Update on part_a_1_a_10 range_parted_1
+   Update on part_a_10_a_20 range_parted_2
+   Update on part_b_1_b_10 range_parted_3
+   Update on part_c_1_100 range_parted_4
+   Update on part_d_1_15 range_parted_5
+   Update on part_d_15_20 range_parted_6
+   Update on part_b_20_b_30 range_parted_7
+   ->  Append
+         ->  Seq Scan on part_a_1_a_10 range_parted_1
+               Filter: (c > '97'::numeric)
+         ->  Seq Scan on part_a_10_a_20 range_parted_2
+               Filter: (c > '97'::numeric)
+         ->  Seq Scan on part_b_1_b_10 range_parted_3
+               Filter: (c > '97'::numeric)
+         ->  Seq Scan on part_c_1_100 range_parted_4
+               Filter: (c > '97'::numeric)
+         ->  Seq Scan on part_d_1_15 range_parted_5
+               Filter: (c > '97'::numeric)
+         ->  Seq Scan on part_d_15_20 range_parted_6
+               Filter: (c > '97'::numeric)
+         ->  Seq Scan on part_b_20_b_30 range_parted_7
+               Filter: (c > '97'::numeric)
+(23 rows)
+
+-- fail, row movement happens only within the partition subtree.
+UPDATE part_c_100_200 set c = c - 20, d = c WHERE c = 105;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_c_100_200" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (105, 85, null, b, 15).
+-- fail, no partition key update, so no attempt to move tuple,
+-- but "a = 'a'" violates partition constraint enforced by root partition)
+UPDATE part_b_10_b_20 set a = 'a';
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_b_10_b_20" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, 96, a, 12, 1).
+-- ok, partition key update, no constraint violation
+UPDATE range_parted set d = d - 10 WHERE d > 10;
+-- ok, no partition key update, no constraint violation
+UPDATE range_parted set e = d;
+-- No row found
+UPDATE part_c_1_100 set c = c + 20 WHERE c = 98;
+-- ok, row movement
+UPDATE part_b_10_b_20 set c = c + 20 returning c, b, a;
+  c  | b  | a 
+-----+----+---
+ 116 | 12 | b
+ 117 | 13 | b
+ 125 | 15 | b
+ 125 | 17 | b
+(4 rows)
+
+:show_data;
+    partname    | a | b  |  c  | d | e 
+----------------+---+----+-----+---+---
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 10 | 200 | 1 | 1
+ part_a_1_a_10  | a |  1 |   1 | 1 | 1
+ part_d_1_15    | b | 12 | 116 | 1 | 1
+ part_d_1_15    | b | 13 | 117 | 2 | 2
+ part_d_1_15    | b | 15 | 125 | 6 | 6
+ part_d_1_15    | b | 17 | 125 | 9 | 9
+(6 rows)
+
+-- fail, row movement happens only within the partition subtree.
+UPDATE part_b_10_b_20 set b = b - 6 WHERE c > 116 returning *;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_b_10_b_20" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2, 117, b, 7, 2).
+-- ok, row movement, with subset of rows moved into different partition.
+UPDATE range_parted set b = b - 6 WHERE c > 116 returning a, b + c;
+ a | ?column? 
+---+----------
+ a |      204
+ b |      124
+ b |      134
+ b |      136
+(4 rows)
+
+:show_data;
+   partname    | a | b  |  c  | d | e 
+---------------+---+----+-----+---+---
+ part_a_1_a_10 | a |  1 |   1 | 1 | 1
+ part_a_1_a_10 | a |  4 | 200 | 1 | 1
+ part_b_1_b_10 | b |  7 | 117 | 2 | 2
+ part_b_1_b_10 | b |  9 | 125 | 6 | 6
+ part_d_1_15   | b | 11 | 125 | 9 | 9
+ part_d_1_15   | b | 12 | 116 | 1 | 1
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Common table needed for multiple test scenarios.
+CREATE TABLE mintab(c1 int);
+INSERT into mintab VALUES (120);
+-- update partition key using updatable view.
+CREATE VIEW upview AS SELECT * FROM range_parted WHERE (select c > c1 FROM mintab) WITH CHECK OPTION;
+-- ok
+UPDATE upview set c = 199 WHERE b = 4;
+-- fail, check option violation
+UPDATE upview set c = 120 WHERE b = 4;
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "upview"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, 4, 120, 1, 1).
+-- fail, row movement with check option violation
+UPDATE upview set a = 'b', b = 15, c = 120 WHERE b = 4;
+ERROR:  new row violates check option for view "upview"
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (b, 15, 120, 1, 1).
+-- ok, row movement, check option passes
+UPDATE upview set a = 'b', b = 15 WHERE b = 4;
+:show_data;
+   partname    | a | b  |  c  | d | e 
+---------------+---+----+-----+---+---
+ part_a_1_a_10 | a |  1 |   1 | 1 | 1
+ part_b_1_b_10 | b |  7 | 117 | 2 | 2
+ part_b_1_b_10 | b |  9 | 125 | 6 | 6
+ part_d_1_15   | b | 11 | 125 | 9 | 9
+ part_d_1_15   | b | 12 | 116 | 1 | 1
+ part_d_1_15   | b | 15 | 199 | 1 | 1
+(6 rows)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP VIEW upview;
+-- RETURNING having whole-row vars.
+:init_range_parted;
+UPDATE range_parted set c = 95 WHERE a = 'b' and b > 10 and c > 100 returning (range_parted), *;
+ range_parted  | a | b  | c  | d  | e 
+---------------+---+----+----+----+---
+ (b,15,95,16,) | b | 15 | 95 | 16 | 
+ (b,17,95,19,) | b | 17 | 95 | 19 | 
+(2 rows)
+
+:show_data;
+    partname    | a | b  |  c  | d  | e 
+----------------+---+----+-----+----+---
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 10 | 200 |  1 | 
+ part_a_1_a_10  | a |  1 |   1 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 12 |  96 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 13 |  97 |  2 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 15 |  95 | 16 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 17 |  95 | 19 | 
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Transition tables with update row movement
+:init_range_parted;
+CREATE FUNCTION trans_updatetrigfunc() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %, new table = %',
+                 TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' ORDER BY a) FROM old_table),
+                 (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' ORDER BY a) FROM new_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER trans_updatetrig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON range_parted REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS old_table NEW TABLE AS new_table
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trans_updatetrigfunc();
+UPDATE range_parted set c = (case when c = 96 then 110 else c + 1 end ) WHERE a = 'b' and b > 10 and c >= 96;
+NOTICE:  trigger = trans_updatetrig, old table = (b,12,96,1,), (b,13,97,2,), (b,15,105,16,), (b,17,105,19,), new table = (b,12,110,1,), (b,13,98,2,), (b,15,106,16,), (b,17,106,19,)
+:show_data;
+    partname    | a | b  |  c  | d  | e 
+----------------+---+----+-----+----+---
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 10 | 200 |  1 | 
+ part_a_1_a_10  | a |  1 |   1 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 13 |  98 |  2 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 15 | 106 | 16 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 17 | 106 | 19 | 
+ part_d_1_15    | b | 12 | 110 |  1 | 
+(6 rows)
+
+:init_range_parted;
+-- Enabling OLD TABLE capture for both DELETE as well as UPDATE stmt triggers
+-- should not cause DELETEd rows to be captured twice. Similar thing for
+-- INSERT triggers and inserted rows.
+CREATE TRIGGER trans_deletetrig
+  AFTER DELETE ON range_parted REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS old_table
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trans_updatetrigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER trans_inserttrig
+  AFTER INSERT ON range_parted REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS new_table
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trans_updatetrigfunc();
+UPDATE range_parted set c = c + 50 WHERE a = 'b' and b > 10 and c >= 96;
+NOTICE:  trigger = trans_updatetrig, old table = (b,12,96,1,), (b,13,97,2,), (b,15,105,16,), (b,17,105,19,), new table = (b,12,146,1,), (b,13,147,2,), (b,15,155,16,), (b,17,155,19,)
+:show_data;
+    partname    | a | b  |  c  | d  | e 
+----------------+---+----+-----+----+---
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 10 | 200 |  1 | 
+ part_a_1_a_10  | a |  1 |   1 |  1 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 15 | 155 | 16 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 17 | 155 | 19 | 
+ part_d_1_15    | b | 12 | 146 |  1 | 
+ part_d_1_15    | b | 13 | 147 |  2 | 
+(6 rows)
+
+DROP TRIGGER trans_deletetrig ON range_parted;
+DROP TRIGGER trans_inserttrig ON range_parted;
+-- Don't drop trans_updatetrig yet. It is required below.
+-- Test with transition tuple conversion happening for rows moved into the
+-- new partition. This requires a trigger that references transition table
+-- (we already have trans_updatetrig). For inserted rows, the conversion
+-- is not usually needed, because the original tuple is already compatible with
+-- the desired transition tuple format. But conversion happens when there is a
+-- BR trigger because the trigger can change the inserted row. So install a
+-- BR triggers on those child partitions where the rows will be moved.
+CREATE FUNCTION func_parted_mod_b() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+   NEW.b = NEW.b + 1;
+   return NEW;
+END $$ language plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_c1_100 BEFORE UPDATE OR INSERT ON part_c_1_100
+   FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_parted_mod_b();
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_d1_15 BEFORE UPDATE OR INSERT ON part_d_1_15
+   FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_parted_mod_b();
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_d15_20 BEFORE UPDATE OR INSERT ON part_d_15_20
+   FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_parted_mod_b();
+:init_range_parted;
+UPDATE range_parted set c = (case when c = 96 then 110 else c + 1 end) WHERE a = 'b' and b > 10 and c >= 96;
+NOTICE:  trigger = trans_updatetrig, old table = (b,13,96,1,), (b,14,97,2,), (b,16,105,16,), (b,18,105,19,), new table = (b,15,110,1,), (b,15,98,2,), (b,17,106,16,), (b,19,106,19,)
+:show_data;
+    partname    | a | b  |  c  | d  | e 
+----------------+---+----+-----+----+---
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 10 | 200 |  1 | 
+ part_a_1_a_10  | a |  1 |   1 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 15 |  98 |  2 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 17 | 106 | 16 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 19 | 106 | 19 | 
+ part_d_1_15    | b | 15 | 110 |  1 | 
+(6 rows)
+
+:init_range_parted;
+UPDATE range_parted set c = c + 50 WHERE a = 'b' and b > 10 and c >= 96;
+NOTICE:  trigger = trans_updatetrig, old table = (b,13,96,1,), (b,14,97,2,), (b,16,105,16,), (b,18,105,19,), new table = (b,15,146,1,), (b,16,147,2,), (b,17,155,16,), (b,19,155,19,)
+:show_data;
+    partname    | a | b  |  c  | d  | e 
+----------------+---+----+-----+----+---
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 10 | 200 |  1 | 
+ part_a_1_a_10  | a |  1 |   1 |  1 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 17 | 155 | 16 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 19 | 155 | 19 | 
+ part_d_1_15    | b | 15 | 146 |  1 | 
+ part_d_1_15    | b | 16 | 147 |  2 | 
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Case where per-partition tuple conversion map array is allocated, but the
+-- map is not required for the particular tuple that is routed, thanks to
+-- matching table attributes of the partition and the target table.
+:init_range_parted;
+UPDATE range_parted set b = 15 WHERE b = 1;
+NOTICE:  trigger = trans_updatetrig, old table = (a,1,1,1,), new table = (a,15,1,1,)
+:show_data;
+    partname    | a | b  |  c  | d  | e 
+----------------+---+----+-----+----+---
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 10 | 200 |  1 | 
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 15 |   1 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 13 |  96 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 14 |  97 |  2 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 16 | 105 | 16 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 18 | 105 | 19 | 
+(6 rows)
+
+DROP TRIGGER trans_updatetrig ON range_parted;
+DROP TRIGGER trig_c1_100 ON part_c_1_100;
+DROP TRIGGER trig_d1_15 ON part_d_1_15;
+DROP TRIGGER trig_d15_20 ON part_d_15_20;
+DROP FUNCTION func_parted_mod_b();
+-- RLS policies with update-row-movement
+-----------------------------------------
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE USER regress_range_parted_user;
+GRANT ALL ON range_parted, mintab TO regress_range_parted_user;
+CREATE POLICY seeall ON range_parted AS PERMISSIVE FOR SELECT USING (true);
+CREATE POLICY policy_range_parted ON range_parted for UPDATE USING (true) WITH CHECK (c % 2 = 0);
+:init_range_parted;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+-- This should fail with RLS violation error while moving row from
+-- part_a_10_a_20 to part_d_1_15, because we are setting 'c' to an odd number.
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 151 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "range_parted"
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+-- Create a trigger on part_d_1_15
+CREATE FUNCTION func_d_1_15() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+   NEW.c = NEW.c + 1; -- Make even numbers odd, or vice versa
+   return NEW;
+END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_d_1_15 BEFORE INSERT ON part_d_1_15
+   FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_d_1_15();
+:init_range_parted;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+-- Here, RLS checks should succeed while moving row from part_a_10_a_20 to
+-- part_d_1_15. Even though the UPDATE is setting 'c' to an odd number, the
+-- trigger at the destination partition again makes it an even number.
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 151 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+:init_range_parted;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+-- This should fail with RLS violation error. Even though the UPDATE is setting
+-- 'c' to an even number, the trigger at the destination partition again makes
+-- it an odd number.
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 150 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "range_parted"
+-- Cleanup
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TRIGGER trig_d_1_15 ON part_d_1_15;
+DROP FUNCTION func_d_1_15();
+-- Policy expression contains SubPlan
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+:init_range_parted;
+CREATE POLICY policy_range_parted_subplan on range_parted
+    AS RESTRICTIVE for UPDATE USING (true)
+    WITH CHECK ((SELECT range_parted.c <= c1 FROM mintab));
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+-- fail, mintab has row with c1 = 120
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 122 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy "policy_range_parted_subplan" for table "range_parted"
+-- ok
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 120 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+-- RLS policy expression contains whole row.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+:init_range_parted;
+CREATE POLICY policy_range_parted_wholerow on range_parted AS RESTRICTIVE for UPDATE USING (true)
+   WITH CHECK (range_parted = row('b', 10, 112, 1, NULL)::range_parted);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+-- ok, should pass the RLS check
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 112 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+:init_range_parted;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+-- fail, the whole row RLS check should fail
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 116 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy "policy_range_parted_wholerow" for table "range_parted"
+-- Cleanup
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP POLICY policy_range_parted ON range_parted;
+DROP POLICY policy_range_parted_subplan ON range_parted;
+DROP POLICY policy_range_parted_wholerow ON range_parted;
+REVOKE ALL ON range_parted, mintab FROM regress_range_parted_user;
+DROP USER regress_range_parted_user;
+DROP TABLE mintab;
+-- statement triggers with update row movement
+---------------------------------------------------
+:init_range_parted;
+CREATE FUNCTION trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = % fired on table % during %',
+                 TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_OP;
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+-- Triggers on root partition
+CREATE TRIGGER parent_delete_trig
+  AFTER DELETE ON range_parted for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER parent_update_trig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON range_parted for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER parent_insert_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON range_parted for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+-- Triggers on leaf partition part_c_1_100
+CREATE TRIGGER c1_delete_trig
+  AFTER DELETE ON part_c_1_100 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER c1_update_trig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON part_c_1_100 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER c1_insert_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON part_c_1_100 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+-- Triggers on leaf partition part_d_1_15
+CREATE TRIGGER d1_delete_trig
+  AFTER DELETE ON part_d_1_15 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER d1_update_trig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON part_d_1_15 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER d1_insert_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON part_d_1_15 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+-- Triggers on leaf partition part_d_15_20
+CREATE TRIGGER d15_delete_trig
+  AFTER DELETE ON part_d_15_20 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER d15_update_trig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON part_d_15_20 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER d15_insert_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON part_d_15_20 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+-- Move all rows from part_c_100_200 to part_c_1_100. None of the delete or
+-- insert statement triggers should be fired.
+UPDATE range_parted set c = c - 50 WHERE c > 97;
+NOTICE:  trigger = parent_update_trig fired on table range_parted during UPDATE
+:show_data;
+    partname    | a | b  |  c  | d  | e 
+----------------+---+----+-----+----+---
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 10 | 150 |  1 | 
+ part_a_1_a_10  | a |  1 |   1 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 12 |  96 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 13 |  97 |  2 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 15 |  55 | 16 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 17 |  55 | 19 | 
+(6 rows)
+
+DROP TRIGGER parent_delete_trig ON range_parted;
+DROP TRIGGER parent_update_trig ON range_parted;
+DROP TRIGGER parent_insert_trig ON range_parted;
+DROP TRIGGER c1_delete_trig ON part_c_1_100;
+DROP TRIGGER c1_update_trig ON part_c_1_100;
+DROP TRIGGER c1_insert_trig ON part_c_1_100;
+DROP TRIGGER d1_delete_trig ON part_d_1_15;
+DROP TRIGGER d1_update_trig ON part_d_1_15;
+DROP TRIGGER d1_insert_trig ON part_d_1_15;
+DROP TRIGGER d15_delete_trig ON part_d_15_20;
+DROP TRIGGER d15_update_trig ON part_d_15_20;
+DROP TRIGGER d15_insert_trig ON part_d_15_20;
+-- Creating default partition for range
+:init_range_parted;
+create table part_def partition of range_parted default;
+\d+ part_def
+                                       Table "public.part_def"
+ Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
+--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
+ a      | text              |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+ b      | bigint            |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ c      | numeric           |           |          |         | main     |              | 
+ d      | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
+ e      | character varying |           |          |         | extended |              | 
+Partition of: range_parted DEFAULT
+Partition constraint: (NOT ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b IS NOT NULL) AND (((a = 'a'::text) AND (b >= '1'::bigint) AND (b < '10'::bigint)) OR ((a = 'a'::text) AND (b >= '10'::bigint) AND (b < '20'::bigint)) OR ((a = 'b'::text) AND (b >= '1'::bigint) AND (b < '10'::bigint)) OR ((a = 'b'::text) AND (b >= '10'::bigint) AND (b < '20'::bigint)) OR ((a = 'b'::text) AND (b >= '20'::bigint) AND (b < '30'::bigint)))))
+
+insert into range_parted values ('c', 9);
+-- ok
+update part_def set a = 'd' where a = 'c';
+-- fail
+update part_def set a = 'a' where a = 'd';
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_def" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, 9, null, null, null).
+:show_data;
+    partname    | a | b  |  c  | d  | e 
+----------------+---+----+-----+----+---
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 10 | 200 |  1 | 
+ part_a_1_a_10  | a |  1 |   1 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 12 |  96 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 13 |  97 |  2 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 15 | 105 | 16 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 17 | 105 | 19 | 
+ part_def       | d |  9 |     |    | 
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Update row movement from non-default to default partition.
+-- fail, default partition is not under part_a_10_a_20;
+UPDATE part_a_10_a_20 set a = 'ad' WHERE a = 'a';
+ERROR:  new row for relation "part_a_10_a_20" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (ad, 10, 200, 1, null).
+-- ok
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'ad' WHERE a = 'a';
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'bd' WHERE a = 'b';
+:show_data;
+ partname | a  | b  |  c  | d  | e 
+----------+----+----+-----+----+---
+ part_def | ad |  1 |   1 |  1 | 
+ part_def | ad | 10 | 200 |  1 | 
+ part_def | bd | 12 |  96 |  1 | 
+ part_def | bd | 13 |  97 |  2 | 
+ part_def | bd | 15 | 105 | 16 | 
+ part_def | bd | 17 | 105 | 19 | 
+ part_def | d  |  9 |     |    | 
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Update row movement from default to non-default partitions.
+-- ok
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'a' WHERE a = 'ad';
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b' WHERE a = 'bd';
+:show_data;
+    partname    | a | b  |  c  | d  | e 
+----------------+---+----+-----+----+---
+ part_a_10_a_20 | a | 10 | 200 |  1 | 
+ part_a_1_a_10  | a |  1 |   1 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 12 |  96 |  1 | 
+ part_c_1_100   | b | 13 |  97 |  2 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 15 | 105 | 16 | 
+ part_d_15_20   | b | 17 | 105 | 19 | 
+ part_def       | d |  9 |     |    | 
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup: range_parted no longer needed.
+DROP TABLE range_parted;
+CREATE TABLE list_parted (
+	a text,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY list (a);
+CREATE TABLE list_part1  PARTITION OF list_parted for VALUES in ('a', 'b');
+CREATE TABLE list_default PARTITION OF list_parted default;
+INSERT into list_part1 VALUES ('a', 1);
+INSERT into list_default VALUES ('d', 10);
+-- fail
+UPDATE list_default set a = 'a' WHERE a = 'd';
+ERROR:  new row for relation "list_default" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (a, 10).
+-- ok
+UPDATE list_default set a = 'x' WHERE a = 'd';
+DROP TABLE list_parted;
+-- Test retrieval of system columns with non-consistent partition row types.
+-- This is only partially supported, as seen in the results.
+create table utrtest (a int, b text) partition by list (a);
+create table utr1 (a int check (a in (1)), q text, b text);
+create table utr2 (a int check (a in (2)), b text);
+alter table utr1 drop column q;
+alter table utrtest attach partition utr1 for values in (1);
+alter table utrtest attach partition utr2 for values in (2);
+insert into utrtest values (1, 'foo')
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid as xmin_ok;
+ a |  b  | tableoid | xmin_ok 
+---+-----+----------+---------
+ 1 | foo | utr1     | t
+(1 row)
+
+insert into utrtest values (2, 'bar')
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid as xmin_ok;  -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot retrieve a system column in this context
+insert into utrtest values (2, 'bar')
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass;
+ a |  b  | tableoid 
+---+-----+----------
+ 2 | bar | utr2
+(1 row)
+
+update utrtest set b = b || b from (values (1), (2)) s(x) where a = s.x
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid as xmin_ok;
+ a |   b    | x | tableoid | xmin_ok 
+---+--------+---+----------+---------
+ 1 | foofoo | 1 | utr1     | t
+ 2 | barbar | 2 | utr2     | t
+(2 rows)
+
+update utrtest set a = 3 - a from (values (1), (2)) s(x) where a = s.x
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid as xmin_ok;  -- fails
+ERROR:  cannot retrieve a system column in this context
+update utrtest set a = 3 - a from (values (1), (2)) s(x) where a = s.x
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass;
+ a |   b    | x | tableoid 
+---+--------+---+----------
+ 2 | foofoo | 1 | utr2
+ 1 | barbar | 2 | utr1
+(2 rows)
+
+delete from utrtest
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass, xmax = pg_current_xact_id()::xid as xmax_ok;
+ a |   b    | tableoid | xmax_ok 
+---+--------+----------+---------
+ 1 | barbar | utr1     | t
+ 2 | foofoo | utr2     | t
+(2 rows)
+
+drop table utrtest;
+--------------
+-- Some more update-partition-key test scenarios below. This time use list
+-- partitions.
+--------------
+-- Setup for list partitions
+CREATE TABLE list_parted (a numeric, b int, c int8) PARTITION BY list (a);
+CREATE TABLE sub_parted PARTITION OF list_parted for VALUES in (1) PARTITION BY list (b);
+CREATE TABLE sub_part1(b int, c int8, a numeric);
+ALTER TABLE sub_parted ATTACH PARTITION sub_part1 for VALUES in (1);
+CREATE TABLE sub_part2(b int, c int8, a numeric);
+ALTER TABLE sub_parted ATTACH PARTITION sub_part2 for VALUES in (2);
+CREATE TABLE list_part1(a numeric, b int, c int8);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION list_part1 for VALUES in (2,3);
+INSERT into list_parted VALUES (2,5,50);
+INSERT into list_parted VALUES (3,6,60);
+INSERT into sub_parted VALUES (1,1,60);
+INSERT into sub_parted VALUES (1,2,10);
+-- Test partition constraint violation when intermediate ancestor is used and
+-- constraint is inherited from upper root.
+UPDATE sub_parted set a = 2 WHERE c = 10;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "sub_parted" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (2, 2, 10).
+-- Test update-partition-key, where the unpruned partitions do not have their
+-- partition keys updated.
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted WHERE a = 2 ORDER BY 1;
+  tableoid  | a | b | c  
+------------+---+---+----
+ list_part1 | 2 | 5 | 50
+(1 row)
+
+UPDATE list_parted set b = c + a WHERE a = 2;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted WHERE a = 2 ORDER BY 1;
+  tableoid  | a | b  | c  
+------------+---+----+----
+ list_part1 | 2 | 52 | 50
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test the case where BR UPDATE triggers change the partition key.
+CREATE FUNCTION func_parted_mod_b() returns trigger as $$
+BEGIN
+   NEW.b = 2; -- This is changing partition key column.
+   return NEW;
+END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER parted_mod_b before update on sub_part1
+   for each row execute procedure func_parted_mod_b();
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+  tableoid  | a | b  | c  
+------------+---+----+----
+ list_part1 | 2 | 52 | 50
+ list_part1 | 3 |  6 | 60
+ sub_part1  | 1 |  1 | 60
+ sub_part2  | 1 |  2 | 10
+(4 rows)
+
+-- This should do the tuple routing even though there is no explicit
+-- partition-key update, because there is a trigger on sub_part1.
+UPDATE list_parted set c = 70 WHERE b  = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+  tableoid  | a | b  | c  
+------------+---+----+----
+ list_part1 | 2 | 52 | 50
+ list_part1 | 3 |  6 | 60
+ sub_part2  | 1 |  2 | 10
+ sub_part2  | 1 |  2 | 70
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TRIGGER parted_mod_b ON sub_part1;
+-- If BR DELETE trigger prevented DELETE from happening, we should also skip
+-- the INSERT if that delete is part of UPDATE=>DELETE+INSERT.
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION func_parted_mod_b() returns trigger as $$
+BEGIN
+   raise notice 'Trigger: Got OLD row %, but returning NULL', OLD;
+   return NULL;
+END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_skip_delete before delete on sub_part2
+   for each row execute procedure func_parted_mod_b();
+UPDATE list_parted set b = 1 WHERE c = 70;
+NOTICE:  Trigger: Got OLD row (2,70,1), but returning NULL
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+  tableoid  | a | b  | c  
+------------+---+----+----
+ list_part1 | 2 | 52 | 50
+ list_part1 | 3 |  6 | 60
+ sub_part2  | 1 |  2 | 10
+ sub_part2  | 1 |  2 | 70
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Drop the trigger. Now the row should be moved.
+DROP TRIGGER trig_skip_delete ON sub_part2;
+UPDATE list_parted set b = 1 WHERE c = 70;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+  tableoid  | a | b  | c  
+------------+---+----+----
+ list_part1 | 2 | 52 | 50
+ list_part1 | 3 |  6 | 60
+ sub_part1  | 1 |  1 | 70
+ sub_part2  | 1 |  2 | 10
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP FUNCTION func_parted_mod_b();
+-- UPDATE partition-key with FROM clause. If join produces multiple output
+-- rows for the same row to be modified, we should tuple-route the row only
+-- once. There should not be any rows inserted.
+CREATE TABLE non_parted (id int);
+INSERT into non_parted VALUES (1), (1), (1), (2), (2), (2), (3), (3), (3);
+UPDATE list_parted t1 set a = 2 FROM non_parted t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.id and a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+  tableoid  | a | b  | c  
+------------+---+----+----
+ list_part1 | 2 |  1 | 70
+ list_part1 | 2 |  2 | 10
+ list_part1 | 2 | 52 | 50
+ list_part1 | 3 |  6 | 60
+(4 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE non_parted;
+-- Cleanup: list_parted no longer needed.
+DROP TABLE list_parted;
+-- create custom operator class and hash function, for the same reason
+-- explained in alter_table.sql
+create or replace function dummy_hashint4(a int4, seed int8) returns int8 as
+$$ begin return (a + seed); end; $$ language 'plpgsql' immutable;
+create operator class custom_opclass for type int4 using hash as
+operator 1 = , function 2 dummy_hashint4(int4, int8);
+create table hash_parted (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) partition by hash (a custom_opclass, b custom_opclass);
+create table hpart1 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+create table hpart2 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 4, remainder 2);
+create table hpart3 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 8, remainder 0);
+create table hpart4 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 8, remainder 4);
+insert into hpart1 values (1, 1);
+insert into hpart2 values (2, 5);
+insert into hpart4 values (3, 4);
+-- fail
+update hpart1 set a = 3, b=4 where a = 1;
+ERROR:  new row for relation "hpart1" violates partition constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (3, 4).
+-- ok, row movement
+update hash_parted set b = b - 1 where b = 1;
+-- ok
+update hash_parted set b = b + 8 where b = 1;
+-- cleanup
+drop table hash_parted;
+drop operator class custom_opclass using hash;
+drop function dummy_hashint4(a int4, seed int8);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/uuid.out b/src/test/regress/expected/uuid.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..090103d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/uuid.out
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+-- regression test for the uuid datatype
+-- creating test tables
+CREATE TABLE guid1
+(
+	guid_field UUID,
+	text_field TEXT DEFAULT(now())
+);
+CREATE TABLE guid2
+(
+	guid_field UUID,
+	text_field TEXT DEFAULT(now())
+);
+-- inserting invalid data tests
+-- too long
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111F');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type uuid: "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111F"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-111...
+                                             ^
+-- too short
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('{11111111-1111-1111-1111-11111111111}');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type uuid: "{11111111-1111-1111-1111-11111111111}"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('{11111111-1111-1111-11...
+                                             ^
+-- valid data but invalid format
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('111-11111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type uuid: "111-11111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('111-11111-1111-1111-11...
+                                             ^
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('{22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222 ');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type uuid: "{22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222 "
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('{22222222-2222-2222-22...
+                                             ^
+-- invalid data
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-G111-111111111111');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type uuid: "11111111-1111-1111-G111-111111111111"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-G11...
+                                             ^
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11+11111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111');
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type uuid: "11+11111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111"
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11+11111-1111-1111-111...
+                                             ^
+--inserting three input formats
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111');
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('{22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222}');
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('3f3e3c3b3a3039383736353433a2313e');
+-- retrieving the inserted data
+SELECT guid_field FROM guid1;
+              guid_field              
+--------------------------------------
+ 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111
+ 22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222
+ 3f3e3c3b-3a30-3938-3736-353433a2313e
+(3 rows)
+
+-- ordering test
+SELECT guid_field FROM guid1 ORDER BY guid_field ASC;
+              guid_field              
+--------------------------------------
+ 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111
+ 22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222
+ 3f3e3c3b-3a30-3938-3736-353433a2313e
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT guid_field FROM guid1 ORDER BY guid_field DESC;
+              guid_field              
+--------------------------------------
+ 3f3e3c3b-3a30-3938-3736-353433a2313e
+ 22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222
+ 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111
+(3 rows)
+
+-- = operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field = '3f3e3c3b-3a30-3938-3736-353433a2313e';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- <> operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field <> '11111111111111111111111111111111';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- < operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field < '22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- <= operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field <= '22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- > operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field > '22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222';
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- >= operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field >= '22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222';
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- btree and hash index creation test
+CREATE INDEX guid1_btree ON guid1 USING BTREE (guid_field);
+CREATE INDEX guid1_hash  ON guid1 USING HASH  (guid_field);
+-- unique index test
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX guid1_unique_BTREE ON guid1 USING BTREE (guid_field);
+-- should fail
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "guid1_unique_btree"
+DETAIL:  Key (guid_field)=(11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111) already exists.
+-- check to see whether the new indexes are actually there
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_class WHERE relkind='i' AND relname LIKE 'guid%';
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+-- populating the test tables with additional records
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('44444444-4444-4444-4444-444444444444');
+INSERT INTO guid2(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111');
+INSERT INTO guid2(guid_field) VALUES('{22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222}');
+INSERT INTO guid2(guid_field) VALUES('3f3e3c3b3a3039383736353433a2313e');
+-- join test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 g1 INNER JOIN guid2 g2 ON g1.guid_field = g2.guid_field;
+ count 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 g1 LEFT JOIN guid2 g2 ON g1.guid_field = g2.guid_field WHERE g2.guid_field IS NULL;
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+-- generation test
+TRUNCATE guid1;
+INSERT INTO guid1 (guid_field) VALUES (gen_random_uuid());
+INSERT INTO guid1 (guid_field) VALUES (gen_random_uuid());
+SELECT count(DISTINCT guid_field) FROM guid1;
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- clean up
+DROP TABLE guid1, guid2 CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/vacuum.out b/src/test/regress/expected/vacuum.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c63a157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/vacuum.out
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+--
+-- VACUUM
+--
+CREATE TABLE vactst (i INT);
+INSERT INTO vactst VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst VALUES (0);
+SELECT count(*) FROM vactst;
+ count 
+-------
+  2049
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM vactst WHERE i != 0;
+SELECT * FROM vactst;
+ i 
+---
+ 0
+(1 row)
+
+VACUUM FULL vactst;
+UPDATE vactst SET i = i + 1;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst VALUES (0);
+SELECT count(*) FROM vactst;
+ count 
+-------
+  2049
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM vactst WHERE i != 0;
+VACUUM (FULL) vactst;
+DELETE FROM vactst;
+SELECT * FROM vactst;
+ i 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+VACUUM (FULL, FREEZE) vactst;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE, FULL) vactst;
+CREATE TABLE vaccluster (i INT PRIMARY KEY);
+ALTER TABLE vaccluster CLUSTER ON vaccluster_pkey;
+CLUSTER vaccluster;
+CREATE FUNCTION do_analyze() RETURNS VOID VOLATILE LANGUAGE SQL
+	AS 'ANALYZE pg_am';
+CREATE FUNCTION wrap_do_analyze(c INT) RETURNS INT IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE SQL
+	AS 'SELECT $1 FROM do_analyze()';
+CREATE INDEX ON vaccluster(wrap_do_analyze(i));
+INSERT INTO vaccluster VALUES (1), (2);
+ANALYZE vaccluster;
+ERROR:  ANALYZE cannot be executed from VACUUM or ANALYZE
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "do_analyze" statement 1
+SQL function "wrap_do_analyze" statement 1
+-- Test ANALYZE in transaction, where the transaction surrounding
+-- analyze performed modifications. This tests for the bug at
+-- https://postgr.es/m/c7988239-d42c-ddc4-41db-171b23b35e4f%40ssinger.info
+-- (which hopefully is unlikely to be reintroduced), but also seems
+-- independently worthwhile to cover.
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT generate_series(1, 300);
+DELETE FROM vactst WHERE i % 7 = 0; -- delete a few rows outside
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT generate_series(301, 400);
+DELETE FROM vactst WHERE i % 5 <> 0; -- delete a few rows inside
+ANALYZE vactst;
+COMMIT;
+VACUUM FULL pg_am;
+VACUUM FULL pg_class;
+VACUUM FULL pg_database;
+VACUUM FULL vaccluster;
+ERROR:  ANALYZE cannot be executed from VACUUM or ANALYZE
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "do_analyze" statement 1
+SQL function "wrap_do_analyze" statement 1
+VACUUM FULL vactst;
+VACUUM (DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) vaccluster;
+-- PARALLEL option
+CREATE TABLE pvactst (i INT, a INT[], p POINT) with (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+INSERT INTO pvactst SELECT i, array[1,2,3], point(i, i+1) FROM generate_series(1,1000) i;
+CREATE INDEX btree_pvactst ON pvactst USING btree (i);
+CREATE INDEX hash_pvactst ON pvactst USING hash (i);
+CREATE INDEX brin_pvactst ON pvactst USING brin (i);
+CREATE INDEX gin_pvactst ON pvactst USING gin (a);
+CREATE INDEX gist_pvactst ON pvactst USING gist (p);
+CREATE INDEX spgist_pvactst ON pvactst USING spgist (p);
+-- VACUUM invokes parallel index cleanup
+SET min_parallel_index_scan_size to 0;
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 2) pvactst;
+-- VACUUM invokes parallel bulk-deletion
+UPDATE pvactst SET i = i WHERE i < 1000;
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 2) pvactst;
+UPDATE pvactst SET i = i WHERE i < 1000;
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 0) pvactst; -- disable parallel vacuum
+VACUUM (PARALLEL -1) pvactst; -- error
+ERROR:  parallel workers for vacuum must be between 0 and 1024
+LINE 1: VACUUM (PARALLEL -1) pvactst;
+                ^
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 2, INDEX_CLEANUP FALSE) pvactst;
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 2, FULL TRUE) pvactst; -- error, cannot use both PARALLEL and FULL
+ERROR:  VACUUM FULL cannot be performed in parallel
+VACUUM (PARALLEL) pvactst; -- error, cannot use PARALLEL option without parallel degree
+ERROR:  parallel option requires a value between 0 and 1024
+LINE 1: VACUUM (PARALLEL) pvactst;
+                ^
+-- Test different combinations of parallel and full options for temporary tables
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE INDEX tmp_idx1 ON tmp (a);
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 1, FULL FALSE) tmp; -- parallel vacuum disabled for temp tables
+WARNING:  disabling parallel option of vacuum on "tmp" --- cannot vacuum temporary tables in parallel
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 0, FULL TRUE) tmp; -- can specify parallel disabled (even though that's implied by FULL)
+RESET min_parallel_index_scan_size;
+DROP TABLE pvactst;
+-- INDEX_CLEANUP option
+CREATE TABLE no_index_cleanup (i INT PRIMARY KEY, t TEXT);
+-- Use uncompressed data stored in toast.
+CREATE INDEX no_index_cleanup_idx ON no_index_cleanup(t);
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup ALTER COLUMN t SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+INSERT INTO no_index_cleanup(i, t) VALUES (generate_series(1,30),
+    repeat('1234567890',269));
+-- index cleanup option is ignored if VACUUM FULL
+VACUUM (INDEX_CLEANUP TRUE, FULL TRUE) no_index_cleanup;
+VACUUM (FULL TRUE) no_index_cleanup;
+-- Toast inherits the value from its parent table.
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup SET (vacuum_index_cleanup = false);
+DELETE FROM no_index_cleanup WHERE i < 15;
+-- Nothing is cleaned up.
+VACUUM no_index_cleanup;
+-- Both parent relation and toast are cleaned up.
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup SET (vacuum_index_cleanup = true);
+VACUUM no_index_cleanup;
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup SET (vacuum_index_cleanup = auto);
+VACUUM no_index_cleanup;
+-- Parameter is set for both the parent table and its toast relation.
+INSERT INTO no_index_cleanup(i, t) VALUES (generate_series(31,60),
+    repeat('1234567890',269));
+DELETE FROM no_index_cleanup WHERE i < 45;
+-- Only toast index is cleaned up.
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup SET (vacuum_index_cleanup = off,
+    toast.vacuum_index_cleanup = yes);
+VACUUM no_index_cleanup;
+-- Only parent is cleaned up.
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup SET (vacuum_index_cleanup = true,
+    toast.vacuum_index_cleanup = false);
+VACUUM no_index_cleanup;
+-- Test some extra relations.
+VACUUM (INDEX_CLEANUP FALSE) vaccluster;
+VACUUM (INDEX_CLEANUP AUTO) vactst; -- index cleanup option is ignored if no indexes
+VACUUM (INDEX_CLEANUP FALSE, FREEZE TRUE) vaccluster;
+-- TRUNCATE option
+CREATE TEMP TABLE vac_truncate_test(i INT NOT NULL, j text)
+	WITH (vacuum_truncate=true, autovacuum_enabled=false);
+INSERT INTO vac_truncate_test VALUES (1, NULL), (NULL, NULL);
+ERROR:  null value in column "i" of relation "vac_truncate_test" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
+VACUUM (TRUNCATE FALSE, DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) vac_truncate_test;
+SELECT pg_relation_size('vac_truncate_test') > 0;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+VACUUM (DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) vac_truncate_test;
+SELECT pg_relation_size('vac_truncate_test') = 0;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+VACUUM (TRUNCATE FALSE, FULL TRUE) vac_truncate_test;
+DROP TABLE vac_truncate_test;
+-- partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE vacparted (a int, b char) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE vacparted1 PARTITION OF vacparted FOR VALUES IN (1);
+INSERT INTO vacparted VALUES (1, 'a');
+UPDATE vacparted SET b = 'b';
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacparted;
+VACUUM (FULL) vacparted;
+VACUUM (FREEZE) vacparted;
+-- check behavior with duplicate column mentions
+VACUUM ANALYZE vacparted(a,b,a);
+ERROR:  column "a" of relation "vacparted" appears more than once
+ANALYZE vacparted(a,b,b);
+ERROR:  column "b" of relation "vacparted" appears more than once
+-- partitioned table with index
+CREATE TABLE vacparted_i (a int primary key, b varchar(100))
+  PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+CREATE TABLE vacparted_i1 PARTITION OF vacparted_i
+  FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE vacparted_i2 PARTITION OF vacparted_i
+  FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO vacparted_i SELECT i, 'test_'|| i from generate_series(1,10) i;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacparted_i;
+VACUUM (FULL) vacparted_i;
+VACUUM (FREEZE) vacparted_i;
+SELECT relname, relhasindex FROM pg_class
+  WHERE relname LIKE 'vacparted_i%' AND relkind IN ('p','r')
+  ORDER BY relname;
+   relname    | relhasindex 
+--------------+-------------
+ vacparted_i  | t
+ vacparted_i1 | t
+ vacparted_i2 | t
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE vacparted_i;
+-- multiple tables specified
+VACUUM vaccluster, vactst;
+VACUUM vacparted, does_not_exist;
+ERROR:  relation "does_not_exist" does not exist
+VACUUM (FREEZE) vacparted, vaccluster, vactst;
+VACUUM (FREEZE) does_not_exist, vaccluster;
+ERROR:  relation "does_not_exist" does not exist
+VACUUM ANALYZE vactst, vacparted (a);
+VACUUM ANALYZE vactst (does_not_exist), vacparted (b);
+ERROR:  column "does_not_exist" of relation "vactst" does not exist
+VACUUM FULL vacparted, vactst;
+VACUUM FULL vactst, vacparted (a, b), vaccluster (i);
+ERROR:  ANALYZE option must be specified when a column list is provided
+ANALYZE vactst, vacparted;
+ANALYZE vacparted (b), vactst;
+ANALYZE vactst, does_not_exist, vacparted;
+ERROR:  relation "does_not_exist" does not exist
+ANALYZE vactst (i), vacparted (does_not_exist);
+ERROR:  column "does_not_exist" of relation "vacparted" does not exist
+ANALYZE vactst, vactst;
+BEGIN;  -- ANALYZE behaves differently inside a transaction block
+ANALYZE vactst, vactst;
+COMMIT;
+-- parenthesized syntax for ANALYZE
+ANALYZE (VERBOSE) does_not_exist;
+ERROR:  relation "does_not_exist" does not exist
+ANALYZE (nonexistent-arg) does_not_exist;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "arg"
+LINE 1: ANALYZE (nonexistent-arg) does_not_exist;
+                             ^
+ANALYZE (nonexistentarg) does_not_exit;
+ERROR:  unrecognized ANALYZE option "nonexistentarg"
+LINE 1: ANALYZE (nonexistentarg) does_not_exit;
+                 ^
+-- ensure argument order independence, and that SKIP_LOCKED on non-existing
+-- relation still errors out.  Suppress WARNING messages caused by concurrent
+-- autovacuums.
+SET client_min_messages TO 'ERROR';
+ANALYZE (SKIP_LOCKED, VERBOSE) does_not_exist;
+ERROR:  relation "does_not_exist" does not exist
+ANALYZE (VERBOSE, SKIP_LOCKED) does_not_exist;
+ERROR:  relation "does_not_exist" does not exist
+-- SKIP_LOCKED option
+VACUUM (SKIP_LOCKED) vactst;
+VACUUM (SKIP_LOCKED, FULL) vactst;
+ANALYZE (SKIP_LOCKED) vactst;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- ensure VACUUM and ANALYZE don't have a problem with serializable
+SET default_transaction_isolation = serializable;
+VACUUM vactst;
+ANALYZE vactst;
+RESET default_transaction_isolation;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+ANALYZE vactst;
+COMMIT;
+-- PROCESS_TOAST option
+ALTER TABLE vactst ADD COLUMN t TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE vactst ALTER COLUMN t SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+VACUUM (PROCESS_TOAST FALSE) vactst;
+VACUUM (PROCESS_TOAST FALSE, FULL) vactst;
+ERROR:  PROCESS_TOAST required with VACUUM FULL
+DROP TABLE vaccluster;
+DROP TABLE vactst;
+DROP TABLE vacparted;
+DROP TABLE no_index_cleanup;
+-- relation ownership, WARNING logs generated as all are skipped.
+CREATE TABLE vacowned (a int);
+CREATE TABLE vacowned_parted (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE vacowned_part1 PARTITION OF vacowned_parted FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE vacowned_part2 PARTITION OF vacowned_parted FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE ROLE regress_vacuum;
+SET ROLE regress_vacuum;
+-- Simple table
+VACUUM vacowned;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+ANALYZE vacowned;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+-- Catalog
+VACUUM pg_catalog.pg_class;
+WARNING:  skipping "pg_class" --- only superuser or database owner can vacuum it
+ANALYZE pg_catalog.pg_class;
+WARNING:  skipping "pg_class" --- only superuser or database owner can analyze it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) pg_catalog.pg_class;
+WARNING:  skipping "pg_class" --- only superuser or database owner can vacuum it
+-- Shared catalog
+VACUUM pg_catalog.pg_authid;
+WARNING:  skipping "pg_authid" --- only superuser can vacuum it
+ANALYZE pg_catalog.pg_authid;
+WARNING:  skipping "pg_authid" --- only superuser can analyze it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) pg_catalog.pg_authid;
+WARNING:  skipping "pg_authid" --- only superuser can vacuum it
+-- Partitioned table and its partitions, nothing owned by other user.
+-- Relations are not listed in a single command to test ownership
+-- independently.
+VACUUM vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_parted" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM vacowned_part1;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+ANALYZE vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_parted" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+ANALYZE vacowned_part1;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+ANALYZE vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_parted" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part1;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+RESET ROLE;
+-- Partitioned table and one partition owned by other user.
+ALTER TABLE vacowned_parted OWNER TO regress_vacuum;
+ALTER TABLE vacowned_part1 OWNER TO regress_vacuum;
+SET ROLE regress_vacuum;
+VACUUM vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+ANALYZE vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+ANALYZE vacowned_part1;
+ANALYZE vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+RESET ROLE;
+-- Only one partition owned by other user.
+ALTER TABLE vacowned_parted OWNER TO CURRENT_USER;
+SET ROLE regress_vacuum;
+VACUUM vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_parted" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+ANALYZE vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_parted" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+ANALYZE vacowned_part1;
+ANALYZE vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_parted" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+RESET ROLE;
+-- Only partitioned table owned by other user.
+ALTER TABLE vacowned_parted OWNER TO regress_vacuum;
+ALTER TABLE vacowned_part1 OWNER TO CURRENT_USER;
+SET ROLE regress_vacuum;
+VACUUM vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM vacowned_part1;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+ANALYZE vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+ANALYZE vacowned_part1;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+ANALYZE vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can analyze it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_parted;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part1;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part1" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part2;
+WARNING:  skipping "vacowned_part2" --- only table or database owner can vacuum it
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP TABLE vacowned;
+DROP TABLE vacowned_parted;
+DROP ROLE regress_vacuum;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/vacuum_parallel.out b/src/test/regress/expected/vacuum_parallel.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddf0ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/vacuum_parallel.out
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+SET max_parallel_maintenance_workers TO 4;
+SET min_parallel_index_scan_size TO '128kB';
+-- Bug #17245: Make sure that we don't totally fail to VACUUM individual indexes that
+-- happen to be below min_parallel_index_scan_size during parallel VACUUM:
+CREATE TABLE parallel_vacuum_table (a int) WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+INSERT INTO parallel_vacuum_table SELECT i from generate_series(1, 10000) i;
+-- Parallel VACUUM will never be used unless there are at least two indexes
+-- that exceed min_parallel_index_scan_size.  Create two such indexes, and
+-- a third index that is smaller than min_parallel_index_scan_size.
+CREATE INDEX regular_sized_index ON parallel_vacuum_table(a);
+CREATE INDEX typically_sized_index ON parallel_vacuum_table(a);
+-- Note: vacuum_in_leader_small_index can apply deduplication, making it ~3x
+-- smaller than the other indexes
+CREATE INDEX vacuum_in_leader_small_index ON parallel_vacuum_table((1));
+-- Verify (as best we can) that the cost model for parallel VACUUM
+-- will make our VACUUM run in parallel, while always leaving it up to the
+-- parallel leader to handle the vacuum_in_leader_small_index index:
+SELECT EXISTS (
+SELECT 1
+FROM pg_class
+WHERE oid = 'vacuum_in_leader_small_index'::regclass AND
+  pg_relation_size(oid) <
+  pg_size_bytes(current_setting('min_parallel_index_scan_size'))
+) as leader_will_handle_small_index;
+ leader_will_handle_small_index 
+--------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT count(*) as trigger_parallel_vacuum_nindexes
+FROM pg_class
+WHERE oid in ('regular_sized_index'::regclass, 'typically_sized_index'::regclass) AND
+  pg_relation_size(oid) >=
+  pg_size_bytes(current_setting('min_parallel_index_scan_size'));
+ trigger_parallel_vacuum_nindexes 
+----------------------------------
+                                2
+(1 row)
+
+-- Parallel VACUUM with B-Tree page deletions, ambulkdelete calls:
+DELETE FROM parallel_vacuum_table;
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 4, INDEX_CLEANUP ON) parallel_vacuum_table;
+-- Since vacuum_in_leader_small_index uses deduplication, we expect an
+-- assertion failure with bug #17245 (in the absence of bugfix):
+INSERT INTO parallel_vacuum_table SELECT i FROM generate_series(1, 10000) i;
+RESET max_parallel_maintenance_workers;
+RESET min_parallel_index_scan_size;
+-- Deliberately don't drop table, to get further coverage from tools like
+-- pg_amcheck in some testing scenarios
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/varchar.out b/src/test/regress/expected/varchar.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1a8202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/varchar.out
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+--
+-- VARCHAR
+--
+--
+-- Build a table for testing
+-- (This temporarily hides the table created in test_setup.sql)
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE VARCHAR_TBL(f1 varchar(1));
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a');
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('A');
+-- any of the following three input formats are acceptable
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1');
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('3');
+-- zero-length char
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('');
+-- try varchar's of greater than 1 length
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('cd');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(1)
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('c     ');
+SELECT * FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 
+ c
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <> 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 
+ c
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 = 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 < 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 > 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ c
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 >= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ c
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE VARCHAR_TBL;
+--
+-- Now test longer arrays of char
+--
+-- This varchar_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+--
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcde');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(4)
+SELECT * FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
+  f1  
+------
+ a
+ ab
+ abcd
+ abcd
+(4 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/varchar_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/varchar_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f01ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/varchar_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+--
+-- VARCHAR
+--
+--
+-- Build a table for testing
+-- (This temporarily hides the table created in test_setup.sql)
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE VARCHAR_TBL(f1 varchar(1));
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a');
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('A');
+-- any of the following three input formats are acceptable
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1');
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('3');
+-- zero-length char
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('');
+-- try varchar's of greater than 1 length
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('cd');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(1)
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('c     ');
+SELECT * FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 
+ c
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <> 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 
+ c
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 = 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 < 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 > 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ c
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 >= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ c
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE VARCHAR_TBL;
+--
+-- Now test longer arrays of char
+--
+-- This varchar_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+--
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcde');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(4)
+SELECT * FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
+  f1  
+------
+ a
+ ab
+ abcd
+ abcd
+(4 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/varchar_2.out b/src/test/regress/expected/varchar_2.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72e5705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/varchar_2.out
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+--
+-- VARCHAR
+--
+--
+-- Build a table for testing
+-- (This temporarily hides the table created in test_setup.sql)
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE VARCHAR_TBL(f1 varchar(1));
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a');
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('A');
+-- any of the following three input formats are acceptable
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1');
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('3');
+-- zero-length char
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('');
+-- try varchar's of greater than 1 length
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('cd');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(1)
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('c     ');
+SELECT * FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 
+ c
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <> 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 
+ c
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 = 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 < 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ 
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 > 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ c
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 >= 'a';
+ f1 
+----
+ a
+ A
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ c
+(6 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE VARCHAR_TBL;
+--
+-- Now test longer arrays of char
+--
+-- This varchar_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+--
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcde');
+ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(4)
+SELECT * FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
+  f1  
+------
+ a
+ ab
+ abcd
+ abcd
+(4 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/window.out b/src/test/regress/expected/window.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f23baa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/window.out
@@ -0,0 +1,4654 @@
+--
+-- WINDOW FUNCTIONS
+--
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE empsalary (
+    depname varchar,
+    empno bigint,
+    salary int,
+    enroll_date date
+);
+INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES
+('develop', 10, 5200, '2007-08-01'),
+('sales', 1, 5000, '2006-10-01'),
+('personnel', 5, 3500, '2007-12-10'),
+('sales', 4, 4800, '2007-08-08'),
+('personnel', 2, 3900, '2006-12-23'),
+('develop', 7, 4200, '2008-01-01'),
+('develop', 9, 4500, '2008-01-01'),
+('sales', 3, 4800, '2007-08-01'),
+('develop', 8, 6000, '2006-10-01'),
+('develop', 11, 5200, '2007-08-15');
+SELECT depname, empno, salary, sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) FROM empsalary ORDER BY depname, salary;
+  depname  | empno | salary |  sum  
+-----------+-------+--------+-------
+ develop   |     7 |   4200 | 25100
+ develop   |     9 |   4500 | 25100
+ develop   |    11 |   5200 | 25100
+ develop   |    10 |   5200 | 25100
+ develop   |     8 |   6000 | 25100
+ personnel |     5 |   3500 |  7400
+ personnel |     2 |   3900 |  7400
+ sales     |     3 |   4800 | 14600
+ sales     |     4 |   4800 | 14600
+ sales     |     1 |   5000 | 14600
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT depname, empno, salary, rank() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary) FROM empsalary;
+  depname  | empno | salary | rank 
+-----------+-------+--------+------
+ develop   |     7 |   4200 |    1
+ develop   |     9 |   4500 |    2
+ develop   |    11 |   5200 |    3
+ develop   |    10 |   5200 |    3
+ develop   |     8 |   6000 |    5
+ personnel |     5 |   3500 |    1
+ personnel |     2 |   3900 |    2
+ sales     |     3 |   4800 |    1
+ sales     |     4 |   4800 |    1
+ sales     |     1 |   5000 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+-- with GROUP BY
+SELECT four, ten, SUM(SUM(four)) OVER (PARTITION BY four), AVG(ten) FROM tenk1
+GROUP BY four, ten ORDER BY four, ten;
+ four | ten | sum  |          avg           
+------+-----+------+------------------------
+    0 |   0 |    0 | 0.00000000000000000000
+    0 |   2 |    0 |     2.0000000000000000
+    0 |   4 |    0 |     4.0000000000000000
+    0 |   6 |    0 |     6.0000000000000000
+    0 |   8 |    0 |     8.0000000000000000
+    1 |   1 | 2500 | 1.00000000000000000000
+    1 |   3 | 2500 |     3.0000000000000000
+    1 |   5 | 2500 |     5.0000000000000000
+    1 |   7 | 2500 |     7.0000000000000000
+    1 |   9 | 2500 |     9.0000000000000000
+    2 |   0 | 5000 | 0.00000000000000000000
+    2 |   2 | 5000 |     2.0000000000000000
+    2 |   4 | 5000 |     4.0000000000000000
+    2 |   6 | 5000 |     6.0000000000000000
+    2 |   8 | 5000 |     8.0000000000000000
+    3 |   1 | 7500 | 1.00000000000000000000
+    3 |   3 | 7500 |     3.0000000000000000
+    3 |   5 | 7500 |     5.0000000000000000
+    3 |   7 | 7500 |     7.0000000000000000
+    3 |   9 | 7500 |     9.0000000000000000
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT depname, empno, salary, sum(salary) OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname);
+  depname  | empno | salary |  sum  
+-----------+-------+--------+-------
+ develop   |    11 |   5200 | 25100
+ develop   |     7 |   4200 | 25100
+ develop   |     9 |   4500 | 25100
+ develop   |     8 |   6000 | 25100
+ develop   |    10 |   5200 | 25100
+ personnel |     5 |   3500 |  7400
+ personnel |     2 |   3900 |  7400
+ sales     |     3 |   4800 | 14600
+ sales     |     1 |   5000 | 14600
+ sales     |     4 |   4800 | 14600
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT depname, empno, salary, rank() OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary) ORDER BY rank() OVER w;
+  depname  | empno | salary | rank 
+-----------+-------+--------+------
+ develop   |     7 |   4200 |    1
+ personnel |     5 |   3500 |    1
+ sales     |     3 |   4800 |    1
+ sales     |     4 |   4800 |    1
+ personnel |     2 |   3900 |    2
+ develop   |     9 |   4500 |    2
+ sales     |     1 |   5000 |    3
+ develop   |    11 |   5200 |    3
+ develop   |    10 |   5200 |    3
+ develop   |     8 |   6000 |    5
+(10 rows)
+
+-- empty window specification
+SELECT COUNT(*) OVER () FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) OVER w FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 WINDOW w AS ();
+ count 
+-------
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+    10
+(10 rows)
+
+-- no window operation
+SELECT four FROM tenk1 WHERE FALSE WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY ten);
+ four 
+------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- cumulative aggregate
+SELECT sum(four) OVER (PARTITION BY ten ORDER BY unique2) AS sum_1, ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ sum_1 | ten | four 
+-------+-----+------
+     0 |   0 |    0
+     0 |   0 |    0
+     2 |   0 |    2
+     3 |   1 |    3
+     4 |   1 |    1
+     5 |   1 |    1
+     3 |   3 |    3
+     0 |   4 |    0
+     1 |   7 |    1
+     1 |   9 |    1
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY unique2) FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ row_number 
+------------
+          1
+          2
+          3
+          4
+          5
+          6
+          7
+          8
+          9
+         10
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) AS rank_1, ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ rank_1 | ten | four 
+--------+-----+------
+      1 |   0 |    0
+      1 |   0 |    0
+      3 |   4 |    0
+      1 |   1 |    1
+      1 |   1 |    1
+      3 |   7 |    1
+      4 |   9 |    1
+      1 |   0 |    2
+      1 |   1 |    3
+      2 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT dense_rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ dense_rank | ten | four 
+------------+-----+------
+          1 |   0 |    0
+          1 |   0 |    0
+          2 |   4 |    0
+          1 |   1 |    1
+          1 |   1 |    1
+          2 |   7 |    1
+          3 |   9 |    1
+          1 |   0 |    2
+          1 |   1 |    3
+          2 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT percent_rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+    percent_rank    | ten | four 
+--------------------+-----+------
+                  0 |   0 |    0
+                  0 |   0 |    0
+                  1 |   4 |    0
+                  0 |   1 |    1
+                  0 |   1 |    1
+ 0.6666666666666666 |   7 |    1
+                  1 |   9 |    1
+                  0 |   0 |    2
+                  0 |   1 |    3
+                  1 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT cume_dist() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+     cume_dist      | ten | four 
+--------------------+-----+------
+ 0.6666666666666666 |   0 |    0
+ 0.6666666666666666 |   0 |    0
+                  1 |   4 |    0
+                0.5 |   1 |    1
+                0.5 |   1 |    1
+               0.75 |   7 |    1
+                  1 |   9 |    1
+                  1 |   0 |    2
+                0.5 |   1 |    3
+                  1 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT ntile(3) OVER (ORDER BY ten, four), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ ntile | ten | four 
+-------+-----+------
+     1 |   0 |    0
+     1 |   0 |    0
+     1 |   0 |    2
+     1 |   1 |    1
+     2 |   1 |    1
+     2 |   1 |    3
+     2 |   3 |    3
+     3 |   4 |    0
+     3 |   7 |    1
+     3 |   9 |    1
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT ntile(NULL) OVER (ORDER BY ten, four), ten, four FROM tenk1 LIMIT 2;
+ ntile | ten | four 
+-------+-----+------
+       |   0 |    0
+       |   0 |    0
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT lag(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ lag | ten | four 
+-----+-----+------
+     |   0 |    0
+   0 |   0 |    0
+   0 |   4 |    0
+     |   1 |    1
+   1 |   1 |    1
+   1 |   7 |    1
+   7 |   9 |    1
+     |   0 |    2
+     |   1 |    3
+   1 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT lag(ten, four) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ lag | ten | four 
+-----+-----+------
+   0 |   0 |    0
+   0 |   0 |    0
+   4 |   4 |    0
+     |   1 |    1
+   1 |   1 |    1
+   1 |   7 |    1
+   7 |   9 |    1
+     |   0 |    2
+     |   1 |    3
+     |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT lag(ten, four, 0) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ lag | ten | four 
+-----+-----+------
+   0 |   0 |    0
+   0 |   0 |    0
+   4 |   4 |    0
+   0 |   1 |    1
+   1 |   1 |    1
+   1 |   7 |    1
+   7 |   9 |    1
+   0 |   0 |    2
+   0 |   1 |    3
+   0 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT lag(ten, four, 0.7) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten;
+ lag | ten | four 
+-----+-----+------
+   0 |   0 |    0
+   0 |   0 |    0
+   4 |   4 |    0
+ 0.7 |   1 |    1
+   1 |   1 |    1
+   1 |   7 |    1
+   7 |   9 |    1
+ 0.7 |   0 |    2
+ 0.7 |   1 |    3
+ 0.7 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT lead(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ lead | ten | four 
+------+-----+------
+    0 |   0 |    0
+    4 |   0 |    0
+      |   4 |    0
+    1 |   1 |    1
+    7 |   1 |    1
+    9 |   7 |    1
+      |   9 |    1
+      |   0 |    2
+    3 |   1 |    3
+      |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT lead(ten * 2, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ lead | ten | four 
+------+-----+------
+    0 |   0 |    0
+    8 |   0 |    0
+      |   4 |    0
+    2 |   1 |    1
+   14 |   1 |    1
+   18 |   7 |    1
+      |   9 |    1
+      |   0 |    2
+    6 |   1 |    3
+      |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT lead(ten * 2, 1, -1) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ lead | ten | four 
+------+-----+------
+    0 |   0 |    0
+    8 |   0 |    0
+   -1 |   4 |    0
+    2 |   1 |    1
+   14 |   1 |    1
+   18 |   7 |    1
+   -1 |   9 |    1
+   -1 |   0 |    2
+    6 |   1 |    3
+   -1 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT lead(ten * 2, 1, -1.4) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten;
+ lead | ten | four 
+------+-----+------
+    0 |   0 |    0
+    8 |   0 |    0
+ -1.4 |   4 |    0
+    2 |   1 |    1
+   14 |   1 |    1
+   18 |   7 |    1
+ -1.4 |   9 |    1
+ -1.4 |   0 |    2
+    6 |   1 |    3
+ -1.4 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT first_value(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ first_value | ten | four 
+-------------+-----+------
+           0 |   0 |    0
+           0 |   0 |    0
+           0 |   4 |    0
+           1 |   1 |    1
+           1 |   1 |    1
+           1 |   7 |    1
+           1 |   9 |    1
+           0 |   0 |    2
+           1 |   1 |    3
+           1 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+-- last_value returns the last row of the frame, which is CURRENT ROW in ORDER BY window.
+SELECT last_value(four) OVER (ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ last_value | ten | four 
+------------+-----+------
+          0 |   0 |    0
+          0 |   0 |    2
+          0 |   0 |    0
+          1 |   1 |    1
+          1 |   1 |    3
+          1 |   1 |    1
+          3 |   3 |    3
+          0 |   4 |    0
+          1 |   7 |    1
+          1 |   9 |    1
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT last_value(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four FROM
+	(SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten)s
+	ORDER BY four, ten;
+ last_value | ten | four 
+------------+-----+------
+          4 |   0 |    0
+          4 |   0 |    0
+          4 |   4 |    0
+          9 |   1 |    1
+          9 |   1 |    1
+          9 |   7 |    1
+          9 |   9 |    1
+          0 |   0 |    2
+          3 |   1 |    3
+          3 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT nth_value(ten, four + 1) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four
+	FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten)s;
+ nth_value | ten | four 
+-----------+-----+------
+         0 |   0 |    0
+         0 |   0 |    0
+         0 |   4 |    0
+         1 |   1 |    1
+         1 |   1 |    1
+         1 |   7 |    1
+         1 |   9 |    1
+           |   0 |    2
+           |   1 |    3
+           |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT ten, two, sum(hundred) AS gsum, sum(sum(hundred)) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS wsum
+FROM tenk1 GROUP BY ten, two;
+ ten | two | gsum  |  wsum  
+-----+-----+-------+--------
+   0 |   0 | 45000 |  45000
+   2 |   0 | 47000 |  92000
+   4 |   0 | 49000 | 141000
+   6 |   0 | 51000 | 192000
+   8 |   0 | 53000 | 245000
+   1 |   1 | 46000 |  46000
+   3 |   1 | 48000 |  94000
+   5 |   1 | 50000 | 144000
+   7 |   1 | 52000 | 196000
+   9 |   1 | 54000 | 250000
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four), four FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE two = 1)s WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ count | four 
+-------+------
+     4 |    1
+     4 |    1
+     4 |    1
+     4 |    1
+     2 |    3
+     2 |    3
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT (count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) +
+  sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten))::varchar AS cntsum
+  FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ cntsum 
+--------
+ 22
+ 22
+ 87
+ 24
+ 24
+ 82
+ 92
+ 51
+ 92
+ 136
+(10 rows)
+
+-- opexpr with different windows evaluation.
+SELECT * FROM(
+  SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) +
+    sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS total,
+    count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) AS fourcount,
+    sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS twosum
+    FROM tenk1
+)sub
+WHERE total <> fourcount + twosum;
+ total | fourcount | twosum 
+-------+-----------+--------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT avg(four) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY thousand / 100) FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+          avg           
+------------------------
+ 0.00000000000000000000
+ 0.00000000000000000000
+ 0.00000000000000000000
+ 1.00000000000000000000
+ 1.00000000000000000000
+ 1.00000000000000000000
+ 1.00000000000000000000
+     2.0000000000000000
+     3.0000000000000000
+     3.0000000000000000
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT ten, two, sum(hundred) AS gsum, sum(sum(hundred)) OVER win AS wsum
+FROM tenk1 GROUP BY ten, two WINDOW win AS (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten);
+ ten | two | gsum  |  wsum  
+-----+-----+-------+--------
+   0 |   0 | 45000 |  45000
+   2 |   0 | 47000 |  92000
+   4 |   0 | 49000 | 141000
+   6 |   0 | 51000 | 192000
+   8 |   0 | 53000 | 245000
+   1 |   1 | 46000 |  46000
+   3 |   1 | 48000 |  94000
+   5 |   1 | 50000 | 144000
+   7 |   1 | 52000 | 196000
+   9 |   1 | 54000 | 250000
+(10 rows)
+
+-- more than one window with GROUP BY
+SELECT sum(salary),
+	row_number() OVER (ORDER BY depname),
+	sum(sum(salary)) OVER (ORDER BY depname DESC)
+FROM empsalary GROUP BY depname;
+  sum  | row_number |  sum  
+-------+------------+-------
+ 25100 |          1 | 47100
+  7400 |          2 | 22000
+ 14600 |          3 | 14600
+(3 rows)
+
+-- identical windows with different names
+SELECT sum(salary) OVER w1, count(*) OVER w2
+FROM empsalary WINDOW w1 AS (ORDER BY salary), w2 AS (ORDER BY salary);
+  sum  | count 
+-------+-------
+  3500 |     1
+  7400 |     2
+ 11600 |     3
+ 16100 |     4
+ 25700 |     6
+ 25700 |     6
+ 30700 |     7
+ 41100 |     9
+ 41100 |     9
+ 47100 |    10
+(10 rows)
+
+-- subplan
+SELECT lead(ten, (SELECT two FROM tenk1 WHERE s.unique2 = unique2)) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten)
+FROM tenk1 s WHERE unique2 < 10;
+ lead 
+------
+    0
+    0
+    4
+    1
+    7
+    9
+     
+    0
+    3
+     
+(10 rows)
+
+-- empty table
+SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four) FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE FALSE)s;
+ count 
+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- mixture of agg/wfunc in the same window
+SELECT sum(salary) OVER w, rank() OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary DESC);
+  sum  | rank 
+-------+------
+  6000 |    1
+ 16400 |    2
+ 16400 |    2
+ 20900 |    4
+ 25100 |    5
+  3900 |    1
+  7400 |    2
+  5000 |    1
+ 14600 |    2
+ 14600 |    2
+(10 rows)
+
+-- strict aggs
+SELECT empno, depname, salary, bonus, depadj, MIN(bonus) OVER (ORDER BY empno), MAX(depadj) OVER () FROM(
+	SELECT *,
+		CASE WHEN enroll_date < '2008-01-01' THEN 2008 - extract(YEAR FROM enroll_date) END * 500 AS bonus,
+		CASE WHEN
+			AVG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) < salary
+		THEN 200 END AS depadj FROM empsalary
+)s;
+ empno |  depname  | salary | bonus | depadj | min  | max 
+-------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+------+-----
+     1 | sales     |   5000 |  1000 |    200 | 1000 | 200
+     2 | personnel |   3900 |  1000 |    200 | 1000 | 200
+     3 | sales     |   4800 |   500 |        |  500 | 200
+     4 | sales     |   4800 |   500 |        |  500 | 200
+     5 | personnel |   3500 |   500 |        |  500 | 200
+     7 | develop   |   4200 |       |        |  500 | 200
+     8 | develop   |   6000 |  1000 |    200 |  500 | 200
+     9 | develop   |   4500 |       |        |  500 | 200
+    10 | develop   |   5200 |   500 |    200 |  500 | 200
+    11 | develop   |   5200 |   500 |    200 |  500 | 200
+(10 rows)
+
+-- window function over ungrouped agg over empty row set (bug before 9.1)
+SELECT SUM(COUNT(f1)) OVER () FROM int4_tbl WHERE f1=42;
+ sum 
+-----
+   0
+(1 row)
+
+-- window function with ORDER BY an expression involving aggregates (9.1 bug)
+select ten,
+  sum(unique1) + sum(unique2) as res,
+  rank() over (order by sum(unique1) + sum(unique2)) as rank
+from tenk1
+group by ten order by ten;
+ ten |   res    | rank 
+-----+----------+------
+   0 |  9976146 |    4
+   1 | 10114187 |    9
+   2 | 10059554 |    8
+   3 |  9878541 |    1
+   4 |  9881005 |    2
+   5 |  9981670 |    5
+   6 |  9947099 |    3
+   7 | 10120309 |   10
+   8 |  9991305 |    6
+   9 | 10040184 |    7
+(10 rows)
+
+-- window and aggregate with GROUP BY expression (9.2 bug)
+explain (costs off)
+select first_value(max(x)) over (), y
+  from (select unique1 as x, ten+four as y from tenk1) ss
+  group by y;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Group Key: (tenk1.ten + tenk1.four)
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+(4 rows)
+
+-- test non-default frame specifications
+SELECT four, ten,
+	sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten),
+	last_value(ten) over (partition by four order by ten)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+ four | ten | sum | last_value 
+------+-----+-----+------------
+    0 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    0 |   2 |   2 |          2
+    0 |   4 |   6 |          4
+    0 |   6 |  12 |          6
+    0 |   8 |  20 |          8
+    1 |   1 |   1 |          1
+    1 |   3 |   4 |          3
+    1 |   5 |   9 |          5
+    1 |   7 |  16 |          7
+    1 |   9 |  25 |          9
+    2 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    2 |   2 |   2 |          2
+    2 |   4 |   6 |          4
+    2 |   6 |  12 |          6
+    2 |   8 |  20 |          8
+    3 |   1 |   1 |          1
+    3 |   3 |   4 |          3
+    3 |   5 |   9 |          5
+    3 |   7 |  16 |          7
+    3 |   9 |  25 |          9
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT four, ten,
+	sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and current row),
+	last_value(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and current row)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+ four | ten | sum | last_value 
+------+-----+-----+------------
+    0 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    0 |   2 |   2 |          2
+    0 |   4 |   6 |          4
+    0 |   6 |  12 |          6
+    0 |   8 |  20 |          8
+    1 |   1 |   1 |          1
+    1 |   3 |   4 |          3
+    1 |   5 |   9 |          5
+    1 |   7 |  16 |          7
+    1 |   9 |  25 |          9
+    2 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    2 |   2 |   2 |          2
+    2 |   4 |   6 |          4
+    2 |   6 |  12 |          6
+    2 |   8 |  20 |          8
+    3 |   1 |   1 |          1
+    3 |   3 |   4 |          3
+    3 |   5 |   9 |          5
+    3 |   7 |  16 |          7
+    3 |   9 |  25 |          9
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT four, ten,
+	sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
+	last_value(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+ four | ten | sum | last_value 
+------+-----+-----+------------
+    0 |   0 |  20 |          8
+    0 |   2 |  20 |          8
+    0 |   4 |  20 |          8
+    0 |   6 |  20 |          8
+    0 |   8 |  20 |          8
+    1 |   1 |  25 |          9
+    1 |   3 |  25 |          9
+    1 |   5 |  25 |          9
+    1 |   7 |  25 |          9
+    1 |   9 |  25 |          9
+    2 |   0 |  20 |          8
+    2 |   2 |  20 |          8
+    2 |   4 |  20 |          8
+    2 |   6 |  20 |          8
+    2 |   8 |  20 |          8
+    3 |   1 |  25 |          9
+    3 |   3 |  25 |          9
+    3 |   5 |  25 |          9
+    3 |   7 |  25 |          9
+    3 |   9 |  25 |          9
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT four, ten/4 as two,
+	sum(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 range between unbounded preceding and current row),
+	last_value(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 range between unbounded preceding and current row)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+ four | two | sum | last_value 
+------+-----+-----+------------
+    0 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    0 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    0 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    0 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    0 |   2 |   4 |          2
+    1 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    1 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    1 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    1 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    1 |   2 |   4 |          2
+    2 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    2 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    2 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    2 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    2 |   2 |   4 |          2
+    3 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    3 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    3 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    3 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    3 |   2 |   4 |          2
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT four, ten/4 as two,
+	sum(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 rows between unbounded preceding and current row),
+	last_value(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 rows between unbounded preceding and current row)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+ four | two | sum | last_value 
+------+-----+-----+------------
+    0 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    0 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    0 |   1 |   1 |          1
+    0 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    0 |   2 |   4 |          2
+    1 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    1 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    1 |   1 |   1 |          1
+    1 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    1 |   2 |   4 |          2
+    2 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    2 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    2 |   1 |   1 |          1
+    2 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    2 |   2 |   4 |          2
+    3 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    3 |   0 |   0 |          0
+    3 |   1 |   1 |          1
+    3 |   1 |   2 |          1
+    3 |   2 |   4 |          2
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between current row and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  45 |       0 |    0
+  45 |       8 |    0
+  45 |       4 |    0
+  33 |       5 |    1
+  33 |       9 |    1
+  33 |       1 |    1
+  18 |       6 |    2
+  18 |       2 |    2
+  10 |       3 |    3
+  10 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between current row and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  45 |       4 |    0
+  41 |       2 |    2
+  39 |       1 |    1
+  38 |       6 |    2
+  32 |       9 |    1
+  23 |       8 |    0
+  15 |       5 |    1
+  10 |       3 |    3
+   7 |       7 |    3
+   0 |       0 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+   7 |       4 |    0
+  13 |       2 |    2
+  22 |       1 |    1
+  26 |       6 |    2
+  29 |       9 |    1
+  31 |       8 |    0
+  32 |       5 |    1
+  23 |       3 |    3
+  15 |       7 |    3
+  10 |       0 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude no others),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+   7 |       4 |    0
+  13 |       2 |    2
+  22 |       1 |    1
+  26 |       6 |    2
+  29 |       9 |    1
+  31 |       8 |    0
+  32 |       5 |    1
+  23 |       3 |    3
+  15 |       7 |    3
+  10 |       0 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+   3 |       4 |    0
+  11 |       2 |    2
+  21 |       1 |    1
+  20 |       6 |    2
+  20 |       9 |    1
+  23 |       8 |    0
+  27 |       5 |    1
+  20 |       3 |    3
+   8 |       7 |    3
+  10 |       0 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+     |       4 |    0
+     |       2 |    2
+     |       1 |    1
+     |       6 |    2
+     |       9 |    1
+     |       8 |    0
+     |       5 |    1
+     |       3 |    3
+     |       7 |    3
+     |       0 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+   4 |       4 |    0
+   2 |       2 |    2
+   1 |       1 |    1
+   6 |       6 |    2
+   9 |       9 |    1
+   8 |       8 |    0
+   5 |       5 |    1
+   3 |       3 |    3
+   7 |       7 |    3
+   0 |       0 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT first_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ first_value | unique1 | four 
+-------------+---------+------
+           8 |       0 |    0
+           4 |       8 |    0
+           5 |       4 |    0
+           9 |       5 |    1
+           1 |       9 |    1
+           6 |       1 |    1
+           2 |       6 |    2
+           3 |       2 |    2
+           7 |       3 |    3
+             |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT first_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ first_value | unique1 | four 
+-------------+---------+------
+             |       0 |    0
+           5 |       8 |    0
+           5 |       4 |    0
+             |       5 |    1
+           6 |       9 |    1
+           6 |       1 |    1
+           3 |       6 |    2
+           3 |       2 |    2
+             |       3 |    3
+             |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT first_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ first_value | unique1 | four 
+-------------+---------+------
+           0 |       0 |    0
+           8 |       8 |    0
+           4 |       4 |    0
+           5 |       5 |    1
+           9 |       9 |    1
+           1 |       1 |    1
+           6 |       6 |    2
+           2 |       2 |    2
+           3 |       3 |    3
+           7 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT last_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ last_value | unique1 | four 
+------------+---------+------
+          4 |       0 |    0
+          5 |       8 |    0
+          9 |       4 |    0
+          1 |       5 |    1
+          6 |       9 |    1
+          2 |       1 |    1
+          3 |       6 |    2
+          7 |       2 |    2
+          7 |       3 |    3
+            |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT last_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ last_value | unique1 | four 
+------------+---------+------
+            |       0 |    0
+          5 |       8 |    0
+          9 |       4 |    0
+            |       5 |    1
+          6 |       9 |    1
+          2 |       1 |    1
+          3 |       6 |    2
+          7 |       2 |    2
+            |       3 |    3
+            |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT last_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ last_value | unique1 | four 
+------------+---------+------
+          0 |       0 |    0
+          5 |       8 |    0
+          9 |       4 |    0
+          5 |       5 |    1
+          6 |       9 |    1
+          2 |       1 |    1
+          3 |       6 |    2
+          7 |       2 |    2
+          3 |       3 |    3
+          7 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 1 preceding),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+     |       4 |    0
+   4 |       2 |    2
+   6 |       1 |    1
+   3 |       6 |    2
+   7 |       9 |    1
+  15 |       8 |    0
+  17 |       5 |    1
+  13 |       3 |    3
+   8 |       7 |    3
+  10 |       0 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 1 following and 3 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+   9 |       4 |    0
+  16 |       2 |    2
+  23 |       1 |    1
+  22 |       6 |    2
+  16 |       9 |    1
+  15 |       8 |    0
+  10 |       5 |    1
+   7 |       3 |    3
+   0 |       7 |    3
+     |       0 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded preceding and 1 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+   6 |       4 |    0
+   7 |       2 |    2
+  13 |       1 |    1
+  22 |       6 |    2
+  30 |       9 |    1
+  35 |       8 |    0
+  38 |       5 |    1
+  45 |       3 |    3
+  45 |       7 |    3
+  45 |       0 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between current row and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  45 |       0 |    0
+  45 |       8 |    0
+  45 |       4 |    0
+  33 |       5 |    1
+  33 |       9 |    1
+  33 |       1 |    1
+  18 |       6 |    2
+  18 |       2 |    2
+  10 |       3 |    3
+  10 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  12 |       0 |    0
+   4 |       8 |    0
+   8 |       4 |    0
+  22 |       5 |    1
+  18 |       9 |    1
+  26 |       1 |    1
+  29 |       6 |    2
+  33 |       2 |    2
+  42 |       3 |    3
+  38 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+     |       0 |    0
+     |       8 |    0
+     |       4 |    0
+  12 |       5 |    1
+  12 |       9 |    1
+  12 |       1 |    1
+  27 |       6 |    2
+  27 |       2 |    2
+  35 |       3 |    3
+  35 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+   0 |       0 |    0
+   8 |       8 |    0
+   4 |       4 |    0
+  17 |       5 |    1
+  21 |       9 |    1
+  13 |       1 |    1
+  33 |       6 |    2
+  29 |       2 |    2
+  38 |       3 |    3
+  42 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT first_value(unique1) over w,
+	nth_value(unique1, 2) over w AS nth_2,
+	last_value(unique1) over w, unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10
+WINDOW w AS (order by four range between current row and unbounded following);
+ first_value | nth_2 | last_value | unique1 | four 
+-------------+-------+------------+---------+------
+           0 |     8 |          7 |       0 |    0
+           0 |     8 |          7 |       8 |    0
+           0 |     8 |          7 |       4 |    0
+           5 |     9 |          7 |       5 |    1
+           5 |     9 |          7 |       9 |    1
+           5 |     9 |          7 |       1 |    1
+           6 |     2 |          7 |       6 |    2
+           6 |     2 |          7 |       2 |    2
+           3 |     7 |          7 |       3 |    3
+           3 |     7 |          7 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over
+	(order by unique1
+	 rows (SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 1) + 1 PRECEDING),
+	unique1
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 
+-----+---------
+   0 |       0
+   1 |       1
+   3 |       2
+   5 |       3
+   7 |       4
+   9 |       5
+  11 |       6
+  13 |       7
+  15 |       8
+  17 |       9
+(10 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following) as sum_rows
+	FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+ i  | sum_rows 
+----+----------
+  1 |        3
+  2 |        6
+  3 |        9
+  4 |       12
+  5 |       15
+  6 |       18
+  7 |       21
+  8 |       24
+  9 |       27
+ 10 |       19
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+                                    pg_get_viewdef                                     
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT i.i,                                                                         +
+     sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS sum_rows+
+    FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude current row) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+ i  | sum_rows 
+----+----------
+  1 |        2
+  2 |        4
+  3 |        6
+  4 |        8
+  5 |       10
+  6 |       12
+  7 |       14
+  8 |       16
+  9 |       18
+ 10 |        9
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+                                              pg_get_viewdef                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT i.i,                                                                                             +
+     sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING EXCLUDE CURRENT ROW) AS sum_rows+
+    FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude group) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+ i  | sum_rows 
+----+----------
+  1 |        2
+  2 |        4
+  3 |        6
+  4 |        8
+  5 |       10
+  6 |       12
+  7 |       14
+  8 |       16
+  9 |       18
+ 10 |        9
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+                                           pg_get_viewdef                                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT i.i,                                                                                       +
+     sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING EXCLUDE GROUP) AS sum_rows+
+    FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude ties) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+ i  | sum_rows 
+----+----------
+  1 |        3
+  2 |        6
+  3 |        9
+  4 |       12
+  5 |       15
+  6 |       18
+  7 |       21
+  8 |       24
+  9 |       27
+ 10 |       19
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+                                           pg_get_viewdef                                           
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT i.i,                                                                                      +
+     sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING EXCLUDE TIES) AS sum_rows+
+    FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude no others) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+ i  | sum_rows 
+----+----------
+  1 |        3
+  2 |        6
+  3 |        9
+  4 |       12
+  5 |       15
+  6 |       18
+  7 |       21
+  8 |       24
+  9 |       27
+ 10 |       19
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+                                    pg_get_viewdef                                     
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT i.i,                                                                         +
+     sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS sum_rows+
+    FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i groups between 1 preceding and 1 following) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+ i  | sum_rows 
+----+----------
+  1 |        3
+  2 |        6
+  3 |        9
+  4 |       12
+  5 |       15
+  6 |       18
+  7 |       21
+  8 |       24
+  9 |       27
+ 10 |       19
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+                                     pg_get_viewdef                                      
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT i.i,                                                                           +
+     sum(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i GROUPS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS sum_rows+
+    FROM generate_series(1, 10) i(i);
+(1 row)
+
+DROP VIEW v_window;
+CREATE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, min(i) over (order by i range between '1 day' preceding and '10 days' following) as min_i
+  FROM generate_series(now(), now()+'100 days'::interval, '1 hour') i;
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+                                                      pg_get_viewdef                                                       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  SELECT i.i,                                                                                                             +
+     min(i.i) OVER (ORDER BY i.i RANGE BETWEEN '@ 1 day'::interval PRECEDING AND '@ 10 days'::interval FOLLOWING) AS min_i+
+    FROM generate_series(now(), (now() + '@ 100 days'::interval), '@ 1 hour'::interval) i(i);
+(1 row)
+
+-- RANGE offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING tests
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+     |       0 |    0
+     |       8 |    0
+     |       4 |    0
+  12 |       5 |    1
+  12 |       9 |    1
+  12 |       1 |    1
+  27 |       6 |    2
+  27 |       2 |    2
+  23 |       3 |    3
+  23 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four desc range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+     |       3 |    3
+     |       7 |    3
+  10 |       6 |    2
+  10 |       2 |    2
+  18 |       9 |    1
+  18 |       5 |    1
+  18 |       1 |    1
+  23 |       0 |    0
+  23 |       8 |    0
+  23 |       4 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude no others),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+     |       0 |    0
+     |       8 |    0
+     |       4 |    0
+  12 |       5 |    1
+  12 |       9 |    1
+  12 |       1 |    1
+  27 |       6 |    2
+  27 |       2 |    2
+  23 |       3 |    3
+  23 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+     |       0 |    0
+     |       8 |    0
+     |       4 |    0
+  12 |       5 |    1
+  12 |       9 |    1
+  12 |       1 |    1
+  27 |       6 |    2
+  27 |       2 |    2
+  23 |       3 |    3
+  23 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+     |       0 |    0
+     |       8 |    0
+     |       4 |    0
+  12 |       5 |    1
+  12 |       9 |    1
+  12 |       1 |    1
+  27 |       6 |    2
+  27 |       2 |    2
+  23 |       3 |    3
+  23 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+     |       0 |    0
+     |       8 |    0
+     |       4 |    0
+  12 |       5 |    1
+  12 |       9 |    1
+  12 |       1 |    1
+  27 |       6 |    2
+  27 |       2 |    2
+  23 |       3 |    3
+  23 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  33 |       0 |    0
+  41 |       8 |    0
+  37 |       4 |    0
+  35 |       5 |    1
+  39 |       9 |    1
+  31 |       1 |    1
+  43 |       6 |    2
+  39 |       2 |    2
+  26 |       3 |    3
+  30 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  33 |       0 |    0
+  33 |       8 |    0
+  33 |       4 |    0
+  30 |       5 |    1
+  30 |       9 |    1
+  30 |       1 |    1
+  37 |       6 |    2
+  37 |       2 |    2
+  23 |       3 |    3
+  23 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by four order by unique1 range between 5::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+   4 |       0 |    0
+  12 |       4 |    0
+  12 |       8 |    0
+   6 |       1 |    1
+  15 |       5 |    1
+  14 |       9 |    1
+   8 |       2 |    2
+   8 |       6 |    2
+  10 |       3 |    3
+  10 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by four order by unique1 range between 5::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following
+	exclude current row),unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+   4 |       0 |    0
+   8 |       4 |    0
+   4 |       8 |    0
+   5 |       1 |    1
+  10 |       5 |    1
+   5 |       9 |    1
+   6 |       2 |    2
+   2 |       6 |    2
+   7 |       3 |    3
+   3 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+  sum  | salary | enroll_date 
+-------+--------+-------------
+ 34900 |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+ 34900 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+ 38400 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+ 47100 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+ 47100 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+ 47100 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+ 47100 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+ 36100 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+ 32200 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+ 32200 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date desc range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+  sum  | salary | enroll_date 
+-------+--------+-------------
+ 32200 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+ 32200 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+ 36100 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+ 47100 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+ 47100 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+ 47100 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+ 47100 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+ 38400 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+ 34900 |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+ 34900 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+(10 rows)
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date desc range between '1 year'::interval following and '1 year'::interval following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ sum | salary | enroll_date 
+-----+--------+-------------
+     |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+     |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+     |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+     |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+     |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+     |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+     |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+     |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+     |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+     |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+(10 rows)
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude current row), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+  sum  | salary | enroll_date 
+-------+--------+-------------
+ 29900 |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+ 28900 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+ 34500 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+ 42300 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+ 41900 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+ 42300 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+ 41900 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+ 32600 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+ 27700 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+ 28000 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude group), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+  sum  | salary | enroll_date 
+-------+--------+-------------
+ 23900 |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+ 23900 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+ 34500 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+ 37100 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+ 37100 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+ 42300 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+ 41900 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+ 32600 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+ 23500 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+ 23500 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+  sum  | salary | enroll_date 
+-------+--------+-------------
+ 28900 |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+ 29900 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+ 38400 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+ 41900 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+ 42300 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+ 47100 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+ 47100 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+ 36100 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+ 28000 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+ 27700 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
+	lead(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
+	nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
+	salary from empsalary;
+ first_value | lead | nth_value | salary 
+-------------+------+-----------+--------
+        3500 | 3900 |      3500 |   3500
+        3500 | 4200 |      3500 |   3900
+        3500 | 4500 |      3500 |   4200
+        3500 | 4800 |      3500 |   4500
+        3900 | 4800 |      3900 |   4800
+        3900 | 5000 |      3900 |   4800
+        4200 | 5200 |      4200 |   5000
+        4200 | 5200 |      4200 |   5200
+        4200 | 6000 |      4200 |   5200
+        5000 |      |      5000 |   6000
+(10 rows)
+
+select last_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
+	lag(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
+	salary from empsalary;
+ last_value | lag  | salary 
+------------+------+--------
+       4500 |      |   3500
+       4800 | 3500 |   3900
+       5200 | 3900 |   4200
+       5200 | 4200 |   4500
+       5200 | 4500 |   4800
+       5200 | 4800 |   4800
+       6000 | 4800 |   5000
+       6000 | 5000 |   5200
+       6000 | 5200 |   5200
+       6000 | 5200 |   6000
+(10 rows)
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following
+	exclude current row),
+	lead(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following exclude ties),
+	nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following
+	exclude ties),
+	salary from empsalary;
+ first_value | lead | nth_value | salary 
+-------------+------+-----------+--------
+        4500 | 3900 |      4500 |   3500
+        5000 | 4200 |      5000 |   3900
+        5200 | 4500 |      5200 |   4200
+        6000 | 4800 |      6000 |   4500
+        6000 | 4800 |      6000 |   4800
+        6000 | 5000 |      6000 |   4800
+        6000 | 5200 |      6000 |   5000
+             | 5200 |           |   5200
+             | 6000 |           |   5200
+             |      |           |   6000
+(10 rows)
+
+select last_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following
+	exclude group),
+	lag(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following exclude group),
+	salary from empsalary;
+ last_value | lag  | salary 
+------------+------+--------
+       6000 |      |   3500
+       6000 | 3500 |   3900
+       6000 | 3900 |   4200
+       6000 | 4200 |   4500
+       6000 | 4500 |   4800
+       6000 | 4800 |   4800
+       6000 | 4800 |   5000
+            | 5000 |   5200
+            | 5200 |   5200
+            | 5200 |   6000
+(10 rows)
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude ties),
+	last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ first_value | last_value | salary | enroll_date 
+-------------+------------+--------+-------------
+        5000 |       5200 |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+        6000 |       5200 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+        5000 |       3500 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+        5000 |       4200 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+        5000 |       4200 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude ties),
+	last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude ties),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ first_value | last_value | salary | enroll_date 
+-------------+------------+--------+-------------
+        5000 |       5200 |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+        6000 |       5200 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+        5000 |       3500 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+        5000 |       4200 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+        5000 |       4500 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+        5000 |       4200 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude group),
+	last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude group),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ first_value | last_value | salary | enroll_date 
+-------------+------------+--------+-------------
+        3900 |       5200 |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+        3900 |       5200 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+        5000 |       3500 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+        5000 |       4200 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+        5000 |       3500 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+        5000 |       3500 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude current row),
+	last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude current row),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ first_value | last_value | salary | enroll_date 
+-------------+------------+--------+-------------
+        6000 |       5200 |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+        5000 |       5200 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+        5000 |       3500 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+        5000 |       4200 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+        5000 |       4200 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+        5000 |       4500 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+-- RANGE offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING with null values
+select x, y,
+       first_value(y) over w,
+       last_value(y) over w
+from
+  (select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
+   union all select null, 42
+   union all select null, 43) ss
+window w as
+  (order by x asc nulls first range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
+ x | y  | first_value | last_value 
+---+----+-------------+------------
+   | 42 |          42 |         43
+   | 43 |          42 |         43
+ 1 |  1 |           1 |          3
+ 2 |  2 |           1 |          4
+ 3 |  3 |           1 |          5
+ 4 |  4 |           2 |          5
+ 5 |  5 |           3 |          5
+(7 rows)
+
+select x, y,
+       first_value(y) over w,
+       last_value(y) over w
+from
+  (select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
+   union all select null, 42
+   union all select null, 43) ss
+window w as
+  (order by x asc nulls last range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
+ x | y  | first_value | last_value 
+---+----+-------------+------------
+ 1 |  1 |           1 |          3
+ 2 |  2 |           1 |          4
+ 3 |  3 |           1 |          5
+ 4 |  4 |           2 |          5
+ 5 |  5 |           3 |          5
+   | 42 |          42 |         43
+   | 43 |          42 |         43
+(7 rows)
+
+select x, y,
+       first_value(y) over w,
+       last_value(y) over w
+from
+  (select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
+   union all select null, 42
+   union all select null, 43) ss
+window w as
+  (order by x desc nulls first range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
+ x | y  | first_value | last_value 
+---+----+-------------+------------
+   | 43 |          43 |         42
+   | 42 |          43 |         42
+ 5 |  5 |           5 |          3
+ 4 |  4 |           5 |          2
+ 3 |  3 |           5 |          1
+ 2 |  2 |           4 |          1
+ 1 |  1 |           3 |          1
+(7 rows)
+
+select x, y,
+       first_value(y) over w,
+       last_value(y) over w
+from
+  (select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
+   union all select null, 42
+   union all select null, 43) ss
+window w as
+  (order by x desc nulls last range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
+ x | y  | first_value | last_value 
+---+----+-------------+------------
+ 5 |  5 |           5 |          3
+ 4 |  4 |           5 |          2
+ 3 |  3 |           5 |          1
+ 2 |  2 |           4 |          1
+ 1 |  1 |           3 |          1
+   | 42 |          42 |         43
+   | 43 |          42 |         43
+(7 rows)
+
+-- There is a syntactic ambiguity in the SQL standard.  Since
+-- UNBOUNDED is a non-reserved word, it could be the name of a
+-- function parameter and be used as an expression.  There is a
+-- grammar hack to resolve such cases as the keyword.  The following
+-- tests record this behavior.
+CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test1a(x int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+  SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between x preceding and x following),
+         unique1, four
+  FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+END;
+CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test1b(x int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+  SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between x preceding and x following),
+         unique1, four
+  FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+$$;
+-- These will apply the argument to the window specification inside the function.
+SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test1a(2);
+ a  | b | c 
+----+---+---
+  7 | 4 | 0
+ 13 | 2 | 2
+ 22 | 1 | 1
+ 26 | 6 | 2
+ 29 | 9 | 1
+ 31 | 8 | 0
+ 32 | 5 | 1
+ 23 | 3 | 3
+ 15 | 7 | 3
+ 10 | 0 | 0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test1b(2);
+ a  | b | c 
+----+---+---
+  7 | 4 | 0
+ 13 | 2 | 2
+ 22 | 1 | 1
+ 26 | 6 | 2
+ 29 | 9 | 1
+ 31 | 8 | 0
+ 32 | 5 | 1
+ 23 | 3 | 3
+ 15 | 7 | 3
+ 10 | 0 | 0
+(10 rows)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test2a(unbounded int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+  SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
+         unique1, four
+  FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+END;
+CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test2b(unbounded int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+  SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
+         unique1, four
+  FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+$$;
+-- These will not apply the argument but instead treat UNBOUNDED as a keyword.
+SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test2a(2);
+ a  | b | c 
+----+---+---
+ 45 | 4 | 0
+ 45 | 2 | 2
+ 45 | 1 | 1
+ 45 | 6 | 2
+ 45 | 9 | 1
+ 45 | 8 | 0
+ 45 | 5 | 1
+ 45 | 3 | 3
+ 45 | 7 | 3
+ 45 | 0 | 0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test2b(2);
+ a  | b | c 
+----+---+---
+ 45 | 4 | 0
+ 45 | 2 | 2
+ 45 | 1 | 1
+ 45 | 6 | 2
+ 45 | 9 | 1
+ 45 | 8 | 0
+ 45 | 5 | 1
+ 45 | 3 | 3
+ 45 | 7 | 3
+ 45 | 0 | 0
+(10 rows)
+
+DROP FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test1a, unbounded_syntax_test1b,
+              unbounded_syntax_test2a, unbounded_syntax_test2b;
+-- Other tests with token UNBOUNDED in potentially problematic position
+CREATE FUNCTION unbounded(x int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE RETURN x;
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+       unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+   6 |       4 |    0
+   7 |       2 |    2
+   9 |       1 |    1
+  16 |       6 |    2
+  23 |       9 |    1
+  22 |       8 |    0
+  16 |       5 |    1
+  15 |       3 |    3
+  10 |       7 |    3
+   7 |       0 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded(1) preceding and unbounded(1) following),
+       unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+   6 |       4 |    0
+   7 |       2 |    2
+   9 |       1 |    1
+  16 |       6 |    2
+  23 |       9 |    1
+  22 |       8 |    0
+  16 |       5 |    1
+  15 |       3 |    3
+  10 |       7 |    3
+   7 |       0 |    0
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded.x preceding and unbounded.x following),
+       unique1, four
+FROM tenk1, (values (1)) as unbounded(x) WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ERROR:  argument of ROWS must not contain variables
+LINE 1: SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded.x preceding...
+                                               ^
+DROP FUNCTION unbounded;
+-- Check overflow behavior for various integer sizes
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x::smallint range between current row and 2147450884 following)
+from generate_series(32764, 32766) x;
+   x   | last_value 
+-------+------------
+ 32764 |      32766
+ 32765 |      32766
+ 32766 |      32766
+(3 rows)
+
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x::smallint desc range between current row and 2147450885 following)
+from generate_series(-32766, -32764) x;
+   x    | last_value 
+--------+------------
+ -32764 |     -32766
+ -32765 |     -32766
+ -32766 |     -32766
+(3 rows)
+
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x range between current row and 4 following)
+from generate_series(2147483644, 2147483646) x;
+     x      | last_value 
+------------+------------
+ 2147483644 | 2147483646
+ 2147483645 | 2147483646
+ 2147483646 | 2147483646
+(3 rows)
+
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x desc range between current row and 5 following)
+from generate_series(-2147483646, -2147483644) x;
+      x      | last_value  
+-------------+-------------
+ -2147483644 | -2147483646
+ -2147483645 | -2147483646
+ -2147483646 | -2147483646
+(3 rows)
+
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x range between current row and 4 following)
+from generate_series(9223372036854775804, 9223372036854775806) x;
+          x          |     last_value      
+---------------------+---------------------
+ 9223372036854775804 | 9223372036854775806
+ 9223372036854775805 | 9223372036854775806
+ 9223372036854775806 | 9223372036854775806
+(3 rows)
+
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x desc range between current row and 5 following)
+from generate_series(-9223372036854775806, -9223372036854775804) x;
+          x           |      last_value      
+----------------------+----------------------
+ -9223372036854775804 | -9223372036854775806
+ -9223372036854775805 | -9223372036854775806
+ -9223372036854775806 | -9223372036854775806
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Test in_range for other numeric datatypes
+create temp table numerics(
+    id int,
+    f_float4 float4,
+    f_float8 float8,
+    f_numeric numeric
+);
+insert into numerics values
+(0, '-infinity', '-infinity', '-infinity'),
+(1, -3, -3, -3),
+(2, -1, -1, -1),
+(3, 0, 0, 0),
+(4, 1.1, 1.1, 1.1),
+(5, 1.12, 1.12, 1.12),
+(6, 2, 2, 2),
+(7, 100, 100, 100),
+(8, 'infinity', 'infinity', 'infinity'),
+(9, 'NaN', 'NaN', 'NaN');
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             1 preceding and 1 following);
+ id | f_float4  | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          0
+  1 |        -3 |           1 |          1
+  2 |        -1 |           2 |          3
+  3 |         0 |           2 |          3
+  4 |       1.1 |           4 |          6
+  5 |      1.12 |           4 |          6
+  6 |         2 |           4 |          6
+  7 |       100 |           7 |          7
+  8 |  Infinity |           8 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             1 preceding and 1.1::float4 following);
+ id | f_float4  | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          0
+  1 |        -3 |           1 |          1
+  2 |        -1 |           2 |          3
+  3 |         0 |           2 |          4
+  4 |       1.1 |           4 |          6
+  5 |      1.12 |           4 |          6
+  6 |         2 |           4 |          6
+  7 |       100 |           7 |          7
+  8 |  Infinity |           8 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' following);
+ id | f_float4  | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          8
+  1 |        -3 |           0 |          8
+  2 |        -1 |           0 |          8
+  3 |         0 |           0 |          8
+  4 |       1.1 |           0 |          8
+  5 |      1.12 |           0 |          8
+  6 |         2 |           0 |          8
+  7 |       100 |           0 |          8
+  8 |  Infinity |           0 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' preceding);
+ id | f_float4  | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          0
+  1 |        -3 |           0 |          0
+  2 |        -1 |           0 |          0
+  3 |         0 |           0 |          0
+  4 |       1.1 |           0 |          0
+  5 |      1.12 |           0 |          0
+  6 |         2 |           0 |          0
+  7 |       100 |           0 |          0
+  8 |  Infinity |           0 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             'inf' following and 'inf' following);
+ id | f_float4  | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          8
+  1 |        -3 |           8 |          8
+  2 |        -1 |           8 |          8
+  3 |         0 |           8 |          8
+  4 |       1.1 |           8 |          8
+  5 |      1.12 |           8 |          8
+  6 |         2 |           8 |          8
+  7 |       100 |           8 |          8
+  8 |  Infinity |           8 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             1.1 preceding and 'NaN' following);  -- error, NaN disallowed
+ERROR:  invalid preceding or following size in window function
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             1 preceding and 1 following);
+ id | f_float8  | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          0
+  1 |        -3 |           1 |          1
+  2 |        -1 |           2 |          3
+  3 |         0 |           2 |          3
+  4 |       1.1 |           4 |          6
+  5 |      1.12 |           4 |          6
+  6 |         2 |           4 |          6
+  7 |       100 |           7 |          7
+  8 |  Infinity |           8 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             1 preceding and 1.1::float8 following);
+ id | f_float8  | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          0
+  1 |        -3 |           1 |          1
+  2 |        -1 |           2 |          3
+  3 |         0 |           2 |          4
+  4 |       1.1 |           4 |          6
+  5 |      1.12 |           4 |          6
+  6 |         2 |           4 |          6
+  7 |       100 |           7 |          7
+  8 |  Infinity |           8 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' following);
+ id | f_float8  | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          8
+  1 |        -3 |           0 |          8
+  2 |        -1 |           0 |          8
+  3 |         0 |           0 |          8
+  4 |       1.1 |           0 |          8
+  5 |      1.12 |           0 |          8
+  6 |         2 |           0 |          8
+  7 |       100 |           0 |          8
+  8 |  Infinity |           0 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' preceding);
+ id | f_float8  | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          0
+  1 |        -3 |           0 |          0
+  2 |        -1 |           0 |          0
+  3 |         0 |           0 |          0
+  4 |       1.1 |           0 |          0
+  5 |      1.12 |           0 |          0
+  6 |         2 |           0 |          0
+  7 |       100 |           0 |          0
+  8 |  Infinity |           0 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             'inf' following and 'inf' following);
+ id | f_float8  | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          8
+  1 |        -3 |           8 |          8
+  2 |        -1 |           8 |          8
+  3 |         0 |           8 |          8
+  4 |       1.1 |           8 |          8
+  5 |      1.12 |           8 |          8
+  6 |         2 |           8 |          8
+  7 |       100 |           8 |          8
+  8 |  Infinity |           8 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             1.1 preceding and 'NaN' following);  -- error, NaN disallowed
+ERROR:  invalid preceding or following size in window function
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             1 preceding and 1 following);
+ id | f_numeric | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          0
+  1 |        -3 |           1 |          1
+  2 |        -1 |           2 |          3
+  3 |         0 |           2 |          3
+  4 |       1.1 |           4 |          6
+  5 |      1.12 |           4 |          6
+  6 |         2 |           4 |          6
+  7 |       100 |           7 |          7
+  8 |  Infinity |           8 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             1 preceding and 1.1::numeric following);
+ id | f_numeric | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          0
+  1 |        -3 |           1 |          1
+  2 |        -1 |           2 |          3
+  3 |         0 |           2 |          4
+  4 |       1.1 |           4 |          6
+  5 |      1.12 |           4 |          6
+  6 |         2 |           4 |          6
+  7 |       100 |           7 |          7
+  8 |  Infinity |           8 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             1 preceding and 1.1::float8 following);  -- currently unsupported
+ERROR:  RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING is not supported for column type numeric and offset type double precision
+LINE 4:              1 preceding and 1.1::float8 following);
+                                     ^
+HINT:  Cast the offset value to an appropriate type.
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' following);
+ id | f_numeric | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          8
+  1 |        -3 |           0 |          8
+  2 |        -1 |           0 |          8
+  3 |         0 |           0 |          8
+  4 |       1.1 |           0 |          8
+  5 |      1.12 |           0 |          8
+  6 |         2 |           0 |          8
+  7 |       100 |           0 |          8
+  8 |  Infinity |           0 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' preceding);
+ id | f_numeric | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          0
+  1 |        -3 |           0 |          0
+  2 |        -1 |           0 |          0
+  3 |         0 |           0 |          0
+  4 |       1.1 |           0 |          0
+  5 |      1.12 |           0 |          0
+  6 |         2 |           0 |          0
+  7 |       100 |           0 |          0
+  8 |  Infinity |           0 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             'inf' following and 'inf' following);
+ id | f_numeric | first_value | last_value 
+----+-----------+-------------+------------
+  0 | -Infinity |           0 |          8
+  1 |        -3 |           8 |          8
+  2 |        -1 |           8 |          8
+  3 |         0 |           8 |          8
+  4 |       1.1 |           8 |          8
+  5 |      1.12 |           8 |          8
+  6 |         2 |           8 |          8
+  7 |       100 |           8 |          8
+  8 |  Infinity |           8 |          8
+  9 |       NaN |           9 |          9
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             1.1 preceding and 'NaN' following);  -- error, NaN disallowed
+ERROR:  invalid preceding or following size in window function
+-- Test in_range for other datetime datatypes
+create temp table datetimes(
+    id int,
+    f_time time,
+    f_timetz timetz,
+    f_interval interval,
+    f_timestamptz timestamptz,
+    f_timestamp timestamp
+);
+insert into datetimes values
+(1, '11:00', '11:00 BST', '1 year', '2000-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2000-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(2, '12:00', '12:00 BST', '2 years', '2001-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2001-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(3, '13:00', '13:00 BST', '3 years', '2001-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2001-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(4, '14:00', '14:00 BST', '4 years', '2002-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2002-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(5, '15:00', '15:00 BST', '5 years', '2003-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2003-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(6, '15:00', '15:00 BST', '5 years', '2004-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2004-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(7, '17:00', '17:00 BST', '7 years', '2005-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2005-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(8, '18:00', '18:00 BST', '8 years', '2006-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2006-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(9, '19:00', '19:00 BST', '9 years', '2007-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2007-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(10, '20:00', '20:00 BST', '10 years', '2008-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2008-10-19 10:23:54');
+select id, f_time, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_time range between
+             '70 min'::interval preceding and '2 hours'::interval following);
+ id |  f_time  | first_value | last_value 
+----+----------+-------------+------------
+  1 | 11:00:00 |           1 |          3
+  2 | 12:00:00 |           1 |          4
+  3 | 13:00:00 |           2 |          6
+  4 | 14:00:00 |           3 |          6
+  5 | 15:00:00 |           4 |          7
+  6 | 15:00:00 |           4 |          7
+  7 | 17:00:00 |           7 |          9
+  8 | 18:00:00 |           7 |         10
+  9 | 19:00:00 |           8 |         10
+ 10 | 20:00:00 |           9 |         10
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_time, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_time desc range between
+             '70 min' preceding and '2 hours' following);
+ id |  f_time  | first_value | last_value 
+----+----------+-------------+------------
+ 10 | 20:00:00 |          10 |          8
+  9 | 19:00:00 |          10 |          7
+  8 | 18:00:00 |           9 |          7
+  7 | 17:00:00 |           8 |          5
+  6 | 15:00:00 |           6 |          3
+  5 | 15:00:00 |           6 |          3
+  4 | 14:00:00 |           6 |          2
+  3 | 13:00:00 |           4 |          1
+  2 | 12:00:00 |           3 |          1
+  1 | 11:00:00 |           2 |          1
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_timetz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timetz range between
+             '70 min'::interval preceding and '2 hours'::interval following);
+ id |  f_timetz   | first_value | last_value 
+----+-------------+-------------+------------
+  1 | 11:00:00+01 |           1 |          3
+  2 | 12:00:00+01 |           1 |          4
+  3 | 13:00:00+01 |           2 |          6
+  4 | 14:00:00+01 |           3 |          6
+  5 | 15:00:00+01 |           4 |          7
+  6 | 15:00:00+01 |           4 |          7
+  7 | 17:00:00+01 |           7 |          9
+  8 | 18:00:00+01 |           7 |         10
+  9 | 19:00:00+01 |           8 |         10
+ 10 | 20:00:00+01 |           9 |         10
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_timetz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timetz desc range between
+             '70 min' preceding and '2 hours' following);
+ id |  f_timetz   | first_value | last_value 
+----+-------------+-------------+------------
+ 10 | 20:00:00+01 |          10 |          8
+  9 | 19:00:00+01 |          10 |          7
+  8 | 18:00:00+01 |           9 |          7
+  7 | 17:00:00+01 |           8 |          5
+  6 | 15:00:00+01 |           6 |          3
+  5 | 15:00:00+01 |           6 |          3
+  4 | 14:00:00+01 |           6 |          2
+  3 | 13:00:00+01 |           4 |          1
+  2 | 12:00:00+01 |           3 |          1
+  1 | 11:00:00+01 |           2 |          1
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_interval, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_interval range between
+             '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following);
+ id | f_interval | first_value | last_value 
+----+------------+-------------+------------
+  1 | @ 1 year   |           1 |          2
+  2 | @ 2 years  |           1 |          3
+  3 | @ 3 years  |           2 |          4
+  4 | @ 4 years  |           3 |          6
+  5 | @ 5 years  |           4 |          6
+  6 | @ 5 years  |           4 |          6
+  7 | @ 7 years  |           7 |          8
+  8 | @ 8 years  |           7 |          9
+  9 | @ 9 years  |           8 |         10
+ 10 | @ 10 years |           9 |         10
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_interval, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_interval desc range between
+             '1 year' preceding and '1 year' following);
+ id | f_interval | first_value | last_value 
+----+------------+-------------+------------
+ 10 | @ 10 years |          10 |          9
+  9 | @ 9 years  |          10 |          8
+  8 | @ 8 years  |           9 |          7
+  7 | @ 7 years  |           8 |          7
+  6 | @ 5 years  |           6 |          4
+  5 | @ 5 years  |           6 |          4
+  4 | @ 4 years  |           6 |          3
+  3 | @ 3 years  |           4 |          2
+  2 | @ 2 years  |           3 |          1
+  1 | @ 1 year   |           2 |          1
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_timestamptz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timestamptz range between
+             '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following);
+ id |        f_timestamptz         | first_value | last_value 
+----+------------------------------+-------------+------------
+  1 | Thu Oct 19 02:23:54 2000 PDT |           1 |          3
+  2 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2001 PDT |           1 |          4
+  3 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2001 PDT |           1 |          4
+  4 | Sat Oct 19 02:23:54 2002 PDT |           2 |          5
+  5 | Sun Oct 19 02:23:54 2003 PDT |           4 |          6
+  6 | Tue Oct 19 02:23:54 2004 PDT |           5 |          7
+  7 | Wed Oct 19 02:23:54 2005 PDT |           6 |          8
+  8 | Thu Oct 19 02:23:54 2006 PDT |           7 |          9
+  9 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2007 PDT |           8 |         10
+ 10 | Sun Oct 19 02:23:54 2008 PDT |           9 |         10
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_timestamptz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timestamptz desc range between
+             '1 year' preceding and '1 year' following);
+ id |        f_timestamptz         | first_value | last_value 
+----+------------------------------+-------------+------------
+ 10 | Sun Oct 19 02:23:54 2008 PDT |          10 |          9
+  9 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2007 PDT |          10 |          8
+  8 | Thu Oct 19 02:23:54 2006 PDT |           9 |          7
+  7 | Wed Oct 19 02:23:54 2005 PDT |           8 |          6
+  6 | Tue Oct 19 02:23:54 2004 PDT |           7 |          5
+  5 | Sun Oct 19 02:23:54 2003 PDT |           6 |          4
+  4 | Sat Oct 19 02:23:54 2002 PDT |           5 |          2
+  3 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2001 PDT |           4 |          1
+  2 | Fri Oct 19 02:23:54 2001 PDT |           4 |          1
+  1 | Thu Oct 19 02:23:54 2000 PDT |           3 |          1
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_timestamp, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timestamp range between
+             '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following);
+ id |       f_timestamp        | first_value | last_value 
+----+--------------------------+-------------+------------
+  1 | Thu Oct 19 10:23:54 2000 |           1 |          3
+  2 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2001 |           1 |          4
+  3 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2001 |           1 |          4
+  4 | Sat Oct 19 10:23:54 2002 |           2 |          5
+  5 | Sun Oct 19 10:23:54 2003 |           4 |          6
+  6 | Tue Oct 19 10:23:54 2004 |           5 |          7
+  7 | Wed Oct 19 10:23:54 2005 |           6 |          8
+  8 | Thu Oct 19 10:23:54 2006 |           7 |          9
+  9 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2007 |           8 |         10
+ 10 | Sun Oct 19 10:23:54 2008 |           9 |         10
+(10 rows)
+
+select id, f_timestamp, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timestamp desc range between
+             '1 year' preceding and '1 year' following);
+ id |       f_timestamp        | first_value | last_value 
+----+--------------------------+-------------+------------
+ 10 | Sun Oct 19 10:23:54 2008 |          10 |          9
+  9 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2007 |          10 |          8
+  8 | Thu Oct 19 10:23:54 2006 |           9 |          7
+  7 | Wed Oct 19 10:23:54 2005 |           8 |          6
+  6 | Tue Oct 19 10:23:54 2004 |           7 |          5
+  5 | Sun Oct 19 10:23:54 2003 |           6 |          4
+  4 | Sat Oct 19 10:23:54 2002 |           5 |          2
+  3 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2001 |           4 |          1
+  2 | Fri Oct 19 10:23:54 2001 |           4 |          1
+  1 | Thu Oct 19 10:23:54 2000 |           3 |          1
+(10 rows)
+
+-- RANGE offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING error cases
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date, salary range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ERROR:  RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING requires exactly one ORDER BY column
+LINE 1: select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date, salary range ...
+                                ^
+select sum(salary) over (range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ERROR:  RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING requires exactly one ORDER BY column
+LINE 1: select sum(salary) over (range between '1 year'::interval pr...
+                                ^
+select sum(salary) over (order by depname range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ERROR:  RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING is not supported for column type text
+LINE 1: ... sum(salary) over (order by depname range between '1 year'::...
+                                                             ^
+select max(enroll_date) over (order by enroll_date range between 1 preceding and 2 following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ERROR:  RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING is not supported for column type date and offset type integer
+LINE 1: ...ll_date) over (order by enroll_date range between 1 precedin...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  Cast the offset value to an appropriate type.
+select max(enroll_date) over (order by salary range between -1 preceding and 2 following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ERROR:  invalid preceding or following size in window function
+select max(enroll_date) over (order by salary range between 1 preceding and -2 following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ERROR:  invalid preceding or following size in window function
+select max(enroll_date) over (order by salary range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ERROR:  RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING is not supported for column type integer and offset type interval
+LINE 1: ...(enroll_date) over (order by salary range between '1 year'::...
+                                                             ^
+HINT:  Cast the offset value to an appropriate type.
+select max(enroll_date) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '-2 years'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ERROR:  invalid preceding or following size in window function
+-- GROUPS tests
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between unbounded preceding and current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  12 |       0 |    0
+  12 |       8 |    0
+  12 |       4 |    0
+  27 |       5 |    1
+  27 |       9 |    1
+  27 |       1 |    1
+  35 |       6 |    2
+  35 |       2 |    2
+  45 |       3 |    3
+  45 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  45 |       0 |    0
+  45 |       8 |    0
+  45 |       4 |    0
+  45 |       5 |    1
+  45 |       9 |    1
+  45 |       1 |    1
+  45 |       6 |    2
+  45 |       2 |    2
+  45 |       3 |    3
+  45 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between current row and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  45 |       0 |    0
+  45 |       8 |    0
+  45 |       4 |    0
+  33 |       5 |    1
+  33 |       9 |    1
+  33 |       1 |    1
+  18 |       6 |    2
+  18 |       2 |    2
+  10 |       3 |    3
+  10 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 1 preceding and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  45 |       0 |    0
+  45 |       8 |    0
+  45 |       4 |    0
+  45 |       5 |    1
+  45 |       9 |    1
+  45 |       1 |    1
+  33 |       6 |    2
+  33 |       2 |    2
+  18 |       3 |    3
+  18 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 1 following and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  33 |       0 |    0
+  33 |       8 |    0
+  33 |       4 |    0
+  18 |       5 |    1
+  18 |       9 |    1
+  18 |       1 |    1
+  10 |       6 |    2
+  10 |       2 |    2
+     |       3 |    3
+     |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between unbounded preceding and 2 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  35 |       0 |    0
+  35 |       8 |    0
+  35 |       4 |    0
+  45 |       5 |    1
+  45 |       9 |    1
+  45 |       1 |    1
+  45 |       6 |    2
+  45 |       2 |    2
+  45 |       3 |    3
+  45 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 preceding),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+     |       0 |    0
+     |       8 |    0
+     |       4 |    0
+  12 |       5 |    1
+  12 |       9 |    1
+  12 |       1 |    1
+  27 |       6 |    2
+  27 |       2 |    2
+  23 |       3 |    3
+  23 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  27 |       0 |    0
+  27 |       8 |    0
+  27 |       4 |    0
+  35 |       5 |    1
+  35 |       9 |    1
+  35 |       1 |    1
+  45 |       6 |    2
+  45 |       2 |    2
+  33 |       3 |    3
+  33 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  12 |       0 |    0
+  12 |       8 |    0
+  12 |       4 |    0
+  15 |       5 |    1
+  15 |       9 |    1
+  15 |       1 |    1
+   8 |       6 |    2
+   8 |       2 |    2
+  10 |       3 |    3
+  10 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude current row), unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  27 |       0 |    0
+  19 |       8 |    0
+  23 |       4 |    0
+  30 |       5 |    1
+  26 |       9 |    1
+  34 |       1 |    1
+  39 |       6 |    2
+  43 |       2 |    2
+  30 |       3 |    3
+  26 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude group), unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  15 |       0 |    0
+  15 |       8 |    0
+  15 |       4 |    0
+  20 |       5 |    1
+  20 |       9 |    1
+  20 |       1 |    1
+  37 |       6 |    2
+  37 |       2 |    2
+  23 |       3 |    3
+  23 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude ties), unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four 
+-----+---------+------
+  15 |       0 |    0
+  23 |       8 |    0
+  19 |       4 |    0
+  25 |       5 |    1
+  29 |       9 |    1
+  21 |       1 |    1
+  43 |       6 |    2
+  39 |       2 |    2
+  26 |       3 |    3
+  30 |       7 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
+	order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following),unique1, four, ten
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four | ten 
+-----+---------+------+-----
+   0 |       0 |    0 |   0
+   1 |       1 |    1 |   1
+   2 |       2 |    2 |   2
+   3 |       3 |    3 |   3
+   4 |       4 |    0 |   4
+   5 |       5 |    1 |   5
+   6 |       6 |    2 |   6
+   7 |       7 |    3 |   7
+   8 |       8 |    0 |   8
+   9 |       9 |    1 |   9
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
+	order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following exclude current row), unique1, four, ten
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four | ten 
+-----+---------+------+-----
+     |       0 |    0 |   0
+     |       1 |    1 |   1
+     |       2 |    2 |   2
+     |       3 |    3 |   3
+     |       4 |    0 |   4
+     |       5 |    1 |   5
+     |       6 |    2 |   6
+     |       7 |    3 |   7
+     |       8 |    0 |   8
+     |       9 |    1 |   9
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
+	order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following exclude group), unique1, four, ten
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four | ten 
+-----+---------+------+-----
+     |       0 |    0 |   0
+     |       1 |    1 |   1
+     |       2 |    2 |   2
+     |       3 |    3 |   3
+     |       4 |    0 |   4
+     |       5 |    1 |   5
+     |       6 |    2 |   6
+     |       7 |    3 |   7
+     |       8 |    0 |   8
+     |       9 |    1 |   9
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
+	order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following exclude ties), unique1, four, ten
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+ sum | unique1 | four | ten 
+-----+---------+------+-----
+   0 |       0 |    0 |   0
+   1 |       1 |    1 |   1
+   2 |       2 |    2 |   2
+   3 |       3 |    3 |   3
+   4 |       4 |    0 |   4
+   5 |       5 |    1 |   5
+   6 |       6 |    2 |   6
+   7 |       7 |    3 |   7
+   8 |       8 |    0 |   8
+   9 |       9 |    1 |   9
+(10 rows)
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+	lead(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+	nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ first_value | lead | nth_value | salary | enroll_date 
+-------------+------+-----------+--------+-------------
+        5000 | 6000 |      5000 |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+        5000 | 3900 |      5000 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+        5000 | 4800 |      5000 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+        3900 | 5200 |      3900 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+        3900 | 4800 |      3900 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+        4800 | 5200 |      4800 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+        4800 | 3500 |      4800 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+        5200 | 4500 |      5200 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+        3500 | 4200 |      3500 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+        3500 |      |      3500 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+select last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+	lag(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ last_value | lag  | salary | enroll_date 
+------------+------+--------+-------------
+       3900 |      |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+       3900 | 5000 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+       5200 | 6000 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+       4800 | 3900 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+       4800 | 4800 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+       5200 | 5200 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+       3500 | 4800 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+       4200 | 5200 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+       4200 | 3500 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+       4200 | 4500 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following
+	exclude current row),
+	lead(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following exclude ties),
+	nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following
+	exclude ties),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ first_value | lead | nth_value | salary | enroll_date 
+-------------+------+-----------+--------+-------------
+        3900 | 6000 |      3900 |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+        3900 | 3900 |      3900 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+        4800 | 4800 |      4800 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+        4800 | 5200 |      4800 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+        4800 | 4800 |      4800 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+        5200 | 5200 |      5200 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+        3500 | 3500 |      3500 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+        4500 | 4500 |      4500 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+             | 4200 |           |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+             |      |           |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+select last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following
+	exclude group),
+	lag(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following exclude group),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+ last_value | lag  | salary | enroll_date 
+------------+------+--------+-------------
+       4800 |      |   5000 | 10-01-2006
+       4800 | 5000 |   6000 | 10-01-2006
+       5200 | 6000 |   3900 | 12-23-2006
+       3500 | 3900 |   4800 | 08-01-2007
+       3500 | 4800 |   5200 | 08-01-2007
+       4200 | 5200 |   4800 | 08-08-2007
+       4200 | 4800 |   5200 | 08-15-2007
+       4200 | 5200 |   3500 | 12-10-2007
+            | 3500 |   4500 | 01-01-2008
+            | 4500 |   4200 | 01-01-2008
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Show differences in offset interpretation between ROWS, RANGE, and GROUPS
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 35, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x rows between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+ x  | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |   4
+  3 |   9
+  5 |  15
+  7 |  21
+  9 |  27
+ 11 |  33
+ 13 |  39
+ 15 |  45
+ 17 |  51
+ 19 |  57
+ 21 |  63
+ 23 |  69
+ 25 |  75
+ 27 |  81
+ 29 |  87
+ 31 |  93
+ 33 |  99
+ 35 |  68
+(18 rows)
+
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 35, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x range between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+ x  | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |   1
+  3 |   3
+  5 |   5
+  7 |   7
+  9 |   9
+ 11 |  11
+ 13 |  13
+ 15 |  15
+ 17 |  17
+ 19 |  19
+ 21 |  21
+ 23 |  23
+ 25 |  25
+ 27 |  27
+ 29 |  29
+ 31 |  31
+ 33 |  33
+ 35 |  35
+(18 rows)
+
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 35, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x groups between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+ x  | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |   4
+  3 |   9
+  5 |  15
+  7 |  21
+  9 |  27
+ 11 |  33
+ 13 |  39
+ 15 |  45
+ 17 |  51
+ 19 |  57
+ 21 |  63
+ 23 |  69
+ 25 |  75
+ 27 |  81
+ 29 |  87
+ 31 |  93
+ 33 |  99
+ 35 |  68
+(18 rows)
+
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        select 1 union all select 1 union all select 1 union all
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(5, 49, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x rows between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+ x  | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |   2
+  1 |   3
+  1 |   7
+  5 |  13
+  7 |  21
+  9 |  27
+ 11 |  33
+ 13 |  39
+ 15 |  45
+ 17 |  51
+ 19 |  57
+ 21 |  63
+ 23 |  69
+ 25 |  75
+ 27 |  81
+ 29 |  87
+ 31 |  93
+ 33 |  99
+ 35 | 105
+ 37 | 111
+ 39 | 117
+ 41 | 123
+ 43 | 129
+ 45 | 135
+ 47 | 141
+ 49 |  96
+(26 rows)
+
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        select 1 union all select 1 union all select 1 union all
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(5, 49, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x range between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+ x  | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |   3
+  1 |   3
+  1 |   3
+  5 |   5
+  7 |   7
+  9 |   9
+ 11 |  11
+ 13 |  13
+ 15 |  15
+ 17 |  17
+ 19 |  19
+ 21 |  21
+ 23 |  23
+ 25 |  25
+ 27 |  27
+ 29 |  29
+ 31 |  31
+ 33 |  33
+ 35 |  35
+ 37 |  37
+ 39 |  39
+ 41 |  41
+ 43 |  43
+ 45 |  45
+ 47 |  47
+ 49 |  49
+(26 rows)
+
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        select 1 union all select 1 union all select 1 union all
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(5, 49, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x groups between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+ x  | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |   8
+  1 |   8
+  1 |   8
+  5 |  15
+  7 |  21
+  9 |  27
+ 11 |  33
+ 13 |  39
+ 15 |  45
+ 17 |  51
+ 19 |  57
+ 21 |  63
+ 23 |  69
+ 25 |  75
+ 27 |  81
+ 29 |  87
+ 31 |  93
+ 33 |  99
+ 35 | 105
+ 37 | 111
+ 39 | 117
+ 41 | 123
+ 43 | 129
+ 45 | 135
+ 47 | 141
+ 49 |  96
+(26 rows)
+
+-- with UNION
+SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four) FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk2)s LIMIT 0;
+ count 
+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- check some degenerate cases
+create temp table t1 (f1 int, f2 int8);
+insert into t1 values (1,1),(1,2),(2,2);
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1
+                         range between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;  -- error, must have order by
+ERROR:  RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING requires exactly one ORDER BY column
+LINE 1: select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1
+                                ^
+explain (costs off)
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
+                         range between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: f1
+         ->  Seq Scan on t1
+               Filter: (f1 = f2)
+(5 rows)
+
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
+                         range between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+ f1 | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |   1
+  2 |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f1 order by f2
+                         range between 2 preceding and 1 preceding)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+ f1 | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |    
+  2 |    
+(2 rows)
+
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f2 order by f2
+                         range between 1 following and 2 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+ f1 | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |    
+  2 |    
+(2 rows)
+
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1
+                         groups between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;  -- error, must have order by
+ERROR:  GROUPS mode requires an ORDER BY clause
+LINE 1: select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1
+                                ^
+explain (costs off)
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
+                         groups between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+           QUERY PLAN            
+---------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: f1
+         ->  Seq Scan on t1
+               Filter: (f1 = f2)
+(5 rows)
+
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
+                         groups between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+ f1 | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |   1
+  2 |   2
+(2 rows)
+
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f1 order by f2
+                         groups between 2 preceding and 1 preceding)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+ f1 | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |    
+  2 |    
+(2 rows)
+
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f2 order by f2
+                         groups between 1 following and 2 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+ f1 | sum 
+----+-----
+  1 |    
+  2 |    
+(2 rows)
+
+-- ordering by a non-integer constant is allowed
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY length('abc'));
+ rank 
+------
+    1
+(1 row)
+
+-- can't order by another window function
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY rank() OVER (ORDER BY random()));
+ERROR:  window functions are not allowed in window definitions
+LINE 1: SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY rank() OVER (ORDER BY random())...
+                                     ^
+-- some other errors
+SELECT * FROM empsalary WHERE row_number() OVER (ORDER BY salary) < 10;
+ERROR:  window functions are not allowed in WHERE
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM empsalary WHERE row_number() OVER (ORDER BY sa...
+                                      ^
+SELECT * FROM empsalary INNER JOIN tenk1 ON row_number() OVER (ORDER BY salary) < 10;
+ERROR:  window functions are not allowed in JOIN conditions
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM empsalary INNER JOIN tenk1 ON row_number() OVE...
+                                                    ^
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY 1), count(*) FROM empsalary GROUP BY 1;
+ERROR:  window functions are not allowed in GROUP BY
+LINE 1: SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY 1), count(*) FROM empsalary GRO...
+               ^
+SELECT * FROM rank() OVER (ORDER BY random());
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "ORDER"
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM rank() OVER (ORDER BY random());
+                                   ^
+DELETE FROM empsalary WHERE (rank() OVER (ORDER BY random())) > 10;
+ERROR:  window functions are not allowed in WHERE
+LINE 1: DELETE FROM empsalary WHERE (rank() OVER (ORDER BY random())...
+                                     ^
+DELETE FROM empsalary RETURNING rank() OVER (ORDER BY random());
+ERROR:  window functions are not allowed in RETURNING
+LINE 1: DELETE FROM empsalary RETURNING rank() OVER (ORDER BY random...
+                                        ^
+SELECT count(*) OVER w FROM tenk1 WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY unique1), w AS (ORDER BY unique1);
+ERROR:  window "w" is already defined
+LINE 1: ...w FROM tenk1 WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY unique1), w AS (ORDER BY ...
+                                                             ^
+SELECT rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four, ORDER BY ten) FROM tenk1;
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "ORDER"
+LINE 1: SELECT rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four, ORDER BY ten) FROM te...
+                                               ^
+SELECT count() OVER () FROM tenk1;
+ERROR:  count(*) must be used to call a parameterless aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT count() OVER () FROM tenk1;
+               ^
+SELECT generate_series(1, 100) OVER () FROM empsalary;
+ERROR:  OVER specified, but generate_series is not a window function nor an aggregate function
+LINE 1: SELECT generate_series(1, 100) OVER () FROM empsalary;
+               ^
+SELECT ntile(0) OVER (ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1;
+ERROR:  argument of ntile must be greater than zero
+SELECT nth_value(four, 0) OVER (ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1;
+ERROR:  argument of nth_value must be greater than zero
+-- filter
+SELECT sum(salary), row_number() OVER (ORDER BY depname), sum(
+    sum(salary) FILTER (WHERE enroll_date > '2007-01-01')
+) FILTER (WHERE depname <> 'sales') OVER (ORDER BY depname DESC) AS "filtered_sum",
+    depname
+FROM empsalary GROUP BY depname;
+  sum  | row_number | filtered_sum |  depname  
+-------+------------+--------------+-----------
+ 25100 |          1 |        22600 | develop
+  7400 |          2 |         3500 | personnel
+ 14600 |          3 |              | sales
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Test pushdown of quals into a subquery containing window functions
+-- pushdown is safe because all PARTITION BY clauses include depname:
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT depname,
+          sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) depsalary,
+          min(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname || 'A', depname) depminsalary
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE depname = 'sales';
+                                QUERY PLAN                                
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on emp
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         ->  WindowAgg
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: (((empsalary.depname)::text || 'A'::text))
+                     ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+                           Filter: ((depname)::text = 'sales'::text)
+(7 rows)
+
+-- pushdown is unsafe because there's a PARTITION BY clause without depname:
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT depname,
+          sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY enroll_date) enroll_salary,
+          min(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) depminsalary
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE depname = 'sales';
+                      QUERY PLAN                       
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on emp
+   Filter: ((emp.depname)::text = 'sales'::text)
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: empsalary.enroll_date
+               ->  WindowAgg
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: empsalary.depname
+                           ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Test window function run conditions are properly pushed down into the
+-- WindowAgg
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE rn < 3;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   Run Condition: (row_number() OVER (?) < 3)
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: empsalary.empno
+         ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(5 rows)
+
+-- The following 3 statements should result the same result.
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE rn < 3;
+ empno | rn 
+-------+----
+     1 |  1
+     2 |  2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE 3 > rn;
+ empno | rn 
+-------+----
+     1 |  1
+     2 |  2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE 2 >= rn;
+ empno | rn 
+-------+----
+     1 |  1
+     2 |  2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Ensure r <= 3 is pushed down into the run condition of the window agg
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) r
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE r <= 3;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   Run Condition: (rank() OVER (?) <= 3)
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
+         ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) r
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE r <= 3;
+ empno | salary | r 
+-------+--------+---
+     8 |   6000 | 1
+    10 |   5200 | 2
+    11 |   5200 | 2
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Ensure dr = 1 is converted to dr <= 1 to get all rows leading up to dr = 1
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          dense_rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) dr
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE dr = 1;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on emp
+   Filter: (emp.dr = 1)
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         Run Condition: (dense_rank() OVER (?) <= 1)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
+               ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          dense_rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) dr
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE dr = 1;
+ empno | salary | dr 
+-------+--------+----
+     8 |   6000 |  1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check COUNT() and COUNT(*)
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   Run Condition: (count(*) OVER (?) <= 3)
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
+         ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+ empno | salary | c 
+-------+--------+---
+     8 |   6000 | 1
+    10 |   5200 | 3
+    11 |   5200 | 3
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(empno) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+                       QUERY PLAN                        
+---------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   Run Condition: (count(empsalary.empno) OVER (?) <= 3)
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
+         ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(empno) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+ empno | salary | c 
+-------+--------+---
+     8 |   6000 | 1
+    10 |   5200 | 3
+    11 |   5200 | 3
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c >= 3;
+                QUERY PLAN                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   Run Condition: (count(*) OVER (?) >= 3)
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
+         ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER () c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE 11 <= c;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   Run Condition: (11 <= count(*) OVER (?))
+   ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c,
+          dense_rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) dr
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE dr = 1;
+                     QUERY PLAN                      
+-----------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on emp
+   Filter: (emp.dr = 1)
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         Run Condition: (dense_rank() OVER (?) <= 1)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
+               ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Ensure we get a run condition when there's a PARTITION BY clause
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE rn < 3;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   Run Condition: (row_number() OVER (?) < 3)
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: empsalary.depname, empsalary.empno
+         ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(5 rows)
+
+-- and ensure we get the correct results from the above plan
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE rn < 3;
+ empno |  depname  | rn 
+-------+-----------+----
+     7 | develop   |  1
+     8 | develop   |  2
+     2 | personnel |  1
+     5 | personnel |  2
+     1 | sales     |  1
+     3 | sales     |  2
+(6 rows)
+
+-- ensure that "unused" subquery columns are not removed when the column only
+-- exists in the run condition
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT empno, depname FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE rn < 3;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on emp
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         Run Condition: (row_number() OVER (?) < 3)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: empsalary.depname, empsalary.empno
+               ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(6 rows)
+
+-- likewise with count(empno) instead of row_number()
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          salary,
+          count(empno) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   Run Condition: (count(empsalary.empno) OVER (?) <= 3)
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: empsalary.depname, empsalary.salary DESC
+         ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(5 rows)
+
+-- and again, check the results are what we expect.
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          salary,
+          count(empno) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+ empno |  depname  | salary | c 
+-------+-----------+--------+---
+     8 | develop   |   6000 | 1
+    10 | develop   |   5200 | 3
+    11 | develop   |   5200 | 3
+     2 | personnel |   3900 | 1
+     5 | personnel |   3500 | 2
+     1 | sales     |   5000 | 1
+     4 | sales     |   4800 | 3
+     3 | sales     |   4800 | 3
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Ensure we get the correct run condition when the window function is both
+-- monotonically increasing and decreasing.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          salary,
+          count(empno) OVER () c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c = 1;
+                       QUERY PLAN                       
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   Run Condition: (count(empsalary.empno) OVER (?) = 1)
+   ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Some more complex cases with multiple window clauses
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT *,
+          count(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname || '') c1, -- w1
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname) rn, -- w2
+          count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) c2, -- w2
+          count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY '' || depname) c3 -- w3
+   FROM empsalary
+) e WHERE rn <= 1 AND c1 <= 3;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on e
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         Filter: ((row_number() OVER (?)) <= 1)
+         Run Condition: (count(empsalary.salary) OVER (?) <= 3)
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: (((empsalary.depname)::text || ''::text))
+               ->  WindowAgg
+                     Run Condition: (row_number() OVER (?) <= 1)
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: empsalary.depname
+                           ->  WindowAgg
+                                 ->  Sort
+                                       Sort Key: ((''::text || (empsalary.depname)::text))
+                                       ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(14 rows)
+
+-- Ensure we correctly filter out all of the run conditions from each window
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT *,
+          count(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname || '') c1, -- w1
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname) rn, -- w2
+          count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) c2, -- w2
+          count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY '' || depname) c3 -- w3
+   FROM empsalary
+) e WHERE rn <= 1 AND c1 <= 3;
+  depname  | empno | salary | enroll_date | c1 | rn | c2 | c3 
+-----------+-------+--------+-------------+----+----+----+----
+ personnel |     5 |   3500 | 12-10-2007  |  2 |  1 |  2 |  2
+ sales     |     3 |   4800 | 08-01-2007  |  3 |  1 |  3 |  3
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Tests to ensure we don't push down the run condition when it's not valid to
+-- do so.
+-- Ensure we don't push down when the frame options show that the window
+-- function is not monotonically increasing
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+                  QUERY PLAN                   
+-----------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on emp
+   Filter: (emp.c <= 3)
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: empsalary.salary DESC
+               ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Ensure we don't push down when the window function's monotonic properties
+-- don't match that of the clauses.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE 3 <= c;
+                QUERY PLAN                
+------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on emp
+   Filter: (3 <= emp.c)
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: empsalary.salary
+               ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Ensure we don't use a run condition when there's a volatile function in the
+-- WindowFunc
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(random()) OVER (ORDER BY empno DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c = 1;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on emp
+   Filter: (emp.c = 1)
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: empsalary.empno DESC
+               ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Ensure we don't use a run condition when the WindowFunc contains subplans
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count((SELECT 1)) OVER (ORDER BY empno DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c = 1;
+                  QUERY PLAN                  
+----------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on emp
+   Filter: (emp.c = 1)
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+           ->  Result
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: empsalary.empno DESC
+               ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Test Sort node collapsing
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT depname,
+          sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname order by empno) depsalary,
+          min(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname, empno order by enroll_date) depminsalary
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE depname = 'sales';
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on emp
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         ->  WindowAgg
+               ->  Sort
+                     Sort Key: empsalary.empno, empsalary.enroll_date
+                     ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+                           Filter: ((depname)::text = 'sales'::text)
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Test Sort node reordering
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT
+  lead(1) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary, enroll_date),
+  lag(1) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary,enroll_date,empno)
+FROM empsalary;
+                         QUERY PLAN                          
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ WindowAgg
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: depname, salary, enroll_date, empno
+               ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Test incremental sorting
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT depname,
+          empno,
+          salary,
+          enroll_date,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date) AS first_emp,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date DESC) AS last_emp
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE first_emp = 1 OR last_emp = 1;
+                                    QUERY PLAN                                     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on emp
+   Filter: ((emp.first_emp = 1) OR (emp.last_emp = 1))
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         ->  Incremental Sort
+               Sort Key: empsalary.depname, empsalary.enroll_date
+               Presorted Key: empsalary.depname
+               ->  WindowAgg
+                     ->  Sort
+                           Sort Key: empsalary.depname, empsalary.enroll_date DESC
+                           ->  Seq Scan on empsalary
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT depname,
+          empno,
+          salary,
+          enroll_date,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date) AS first_emp,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date DESC) AS last_emp
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE first_emp = 1 OR last_emp = 1;
+  depname  | empno | salary | enroll_date | first_emp | last_emp 
+-----------+-------+--------+-------------+-----------+----------
+ develop   |     8 |   6000 | 10-01-2006  |         1 |        5
+ develop   |     7 |   4200 | 01-01-2008  |         5 |        1
+ personnel |     2 |   3900 | 12-23-2006  |         1 |        2
+ personnel |     5 |   3500 | 12-10-2007  |         2 |        1
+ sales     |     1 |   5000 | 10-01-2006  |         1 |        3
+ sales     |     4 |   4800 | 08-08-2007  |         3 |        1
+(6 rows)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP TABLE empsalary;
+-- test user-defined window function with named args and default args
+CREATE FUNCTION nth_value_def(val anyelement, n integer = 1) RETURNS anyelement
+  LANGUAGE internal WINDOW IMMUTABLE STRICT AS 'window_nth_value';
+SELECT nth_value_def(n := 2, val := ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four
+  FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten) s;
+ nth_value_def | ten | four 
+---------------+-----+------
+             0 |   0 |    0
+             0 |   0 |    0
+             0 |   4 |    0
+             1 |   1 |    1
+             1 |   1 |    1
+             1 |   7 |    1
+             1 |   9 |    1
+               |   0 |    2
+             3 |   1 |    3
+             3 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT nth_value_def(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four
+  FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten) s;
+ nth_value_def | ten | four 
+---------------+-----+------
+             0 |   0 |    0
+             0 |   0 |    0
+             0 |   4 |    0
+             1 |   1 |    1
+             1 |   1 |    1
+             1 |   7 |    1
+             1 |   9 |    1
+             0 |   0 |    2
+             1 |   1 |    3
+             1 |   3 |    3
+(10 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test the basic moving-aggregate machinery
+--
+-- create aggregates that record the series of transform calls (these are
+-- intentionally not true inverses)
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_sfunc_nonstrict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT COALESCE($1, '') || '*' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_msfunc_nonstrict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT COALESCE($1, '') || '+' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_minvfunc_nonstrict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT $1 || '-' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_nonstrict (anyelement)
+(
+	stype = text,
+	sfunc = logging_sfunc_nonstrict,
+	mstype = text,
+	msfunc = logging_msfunc_nonstrict,
+	minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_nonstrict
+);
+CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_nonstrict_initcond (anyelement)
+(
+	stype = text,
+	sfunc = logging_sfunc_nonstrict,
+	mstype = text,
+	msfunc = logging_msfunc_nonstrict,
+	minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_nonstrict,
+	initcond = 'I',
+	minitcond = 'MI'
+);
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_sfunc_strict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT $1 || '*' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_msfunc_strict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT $1 || '+' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_minvfunc_strict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT $1 || '-' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_strict (text)
+(
+	stype = text,
+	sfunc = logging_sfunc_strict,
+	mstype = text,
+	msfunc = logging_msfunc_strict,
+	minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_strict
+);
+CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_strict_initcond (anyelement)
+(
+	stype = text,
+	sfunc = logging_sfunc_strict,
+	mstype = text,
+	msfunc = logging_msfunc_strict,
+	minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_strict,
+	initcond = 'I',
+	minitcond = 'MI'
+);
+-- test strict and non-strict cases
+SELECT
+	p::text || ',' || i::text || ':' || COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') AS row,
+	logging_agg_nonstrict(v) over wnd as nstrict,
+	logging_agg_nonstrict_initcond(v) over wnd as nstrict_init,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text) over wnd as strict,
+	logging_agg_strict_initcond(v) over wnd as strict_init
+FROM (VALUES
+	(1, 1, NULL),
+	(1, 2, 'a'),
+	(1, 3, 'b'),
+	(1, 4, NULL),
+	(1, 5, NULL),
+	(1, 6, 'c'),
+	(2, 1, NULL),
+	(2, 2, 'x'),
+	(3, 1, 'z')
+) AS t(p, i, v)
+WINDOW wnd AS (PARTITION BY P ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
+ORDER BY p, i;
+   row    |                    nstrict                    |                  nstrict_init                   |  strict   |  strict_init   
+----------+-----------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------+----------------
+ 1,1:NULL | +NULL                                         | MI+NULL                                         |           | MI
+ 1,2:a    | +NULL+'a'                                     | MI+NULL+'a'                                     | a         | MI+'a'
+ 1,3:b    | +NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'                            | MI+NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'                            | a+'b'     | MI+'a'+'b'
+ 1,4:NULL | +NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL                   | MI+NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL                   | a+'b'-'a' | MI+'a'+'b'-'a'
+ 1,5:NULL | +NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL-'b'+NULL          | MI+NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL-'b'+NULL          |           | MI
+ 1,6:c    | +NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL-'b'+NULL-NULL+'c' | MI+NULL+'a'-NULL+'b'-'a'+NULL-'b'+NULL-NULL+'c' | c         | MI+'c'
+ 2,1:NULL | +NULL                                         | MI+NULL                                         |           | MI
+ 2,2:x    | +NULL+'x'                                     | MI+NULL+'x'                                     | x         | MI+'x'
+ 3,1:z    | +'z'                                          | MI+'z'                                          | z         | MI+'z'
+(9 rows)
+
+-- and again, but with filter
+SELECT
+	p::text || ',' || i::text || ':' ||
+		CASE WHEN f THEN COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') ELSE '-' END as row,
+	logging_agg_nonstrict(v) filter(where f) over wnd as nstrict_filt,
+	logging_agg_nonstrict_initcond(v) filter(where f) over wnd as nstrict_init_filt,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text) filter(where f) over wnd as strict_filt,
+	logging_agg_strict_initcond(v) filter(where f) over wnd as strict_init_filt
+FROM (VALUES
+	(1, 1, true,  NULL),
+	(1, 2, false, 'a'),
+	(1, 3, true,  'b'),
+	(1, 4, false, NULL),
+	(1, 5, false, NULL),
+	(1, 6, false, 'c'),
+	(2, 1, false, NULL),
+	(2, 2, true,  'x'),
+	(3, 1, true,  'z')
+) AS t(p, i, f, v)
+WINDOW wnd AS (PARTITION BY p ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
+ORDER BY p, i;
+   row    | nstrict_filt | nstrict_init_filt | strict_filt | strict_init_filt 
+----------+--------------+-------------------+-------------+------------------
+ 1,1:NULL | +NULL        | MI+NULL           |             | MI
+ 1,2:-    | +NULL        | MI+NULL           |             | MI
+ 1,3:b    | +'b'         | MI+'b'            | b           | MI+'b'
+ 1,4:-    | +'b'         | MI+'b'            | b           | MI+'b'
+ 1,5:-    |              | MI                |             | MI
+ 1,6:-    |              | MI                |             | MI
+ 2,1:-    |              | MI                |             | MI
+ 2,2:x    | +'x'         | MI+'x'            | x           | MI+'x'
+ 3,1:z    | +'z'         | MI+'z'            | z           | MI+'z'
+(9 rows)
+
+-- test that volatile arguments disable moving-aggregate mode
+SELECT
+	i::text || ':' || COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') as row,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text)
+		over wnd as inverse,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text || CASE WHEN random() < 0 then '?' ELSE '' END)
+		over wnd as noinverse
+FROM (VALUES
+	(1, 'a'),
+	(2, 'b'),
+	(3, 'c')
+) AS t(i, v)
+WINDOW wnd AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
+ORDER BY i;
+ row |    inverse    | noinverse 
+-----+---------------+-----------
+ 1:a | a             | a
+ 2:b | a+'b'         | a*'b'
+ 3:c | a+'b'-'a'+'c' | b*'c'
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT
+	i::text || ':' || COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') as row,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text) filter(where true)
+		over wnd as inverse,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text) filter(where random() >= 0)
+		over wnd as noinverse
+FROM (VALUES
+	(1, 'a'),
+	(2, 'b'),
+	(3, 'c')
+) AS t(i, v)
+WINDOW wnd AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
+ORDER BY i;
+ row |    inverse    | noinverse 
+-----+---------------+-----------
+ 1:a | a             | a
+ 2:b | a+'b'         | a*'b'
+ 3:c | a+'b'-'a'+'c' | b*'c'
+(3 rows)
+
+-- test that non-overlapping windows don't use inverse transitions
+SELECT
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text) OVER wnd
+FROM (VALUES
+	(1, 'a'),
+	(2, 'b'),
+	(3, 'c')
+) AS t(i, v)
+WINDOW wnd AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND CURRENT ROW)
+ORDER BY i;
+ logging_agg_strict 
+--------------------
+ a
+ b
+ c
+(3 rows)
+
+-- test that returning NULL from the inverse transition functions
+-- restarts the aggregation from scratch. The second aggregate is supposed
+-- to test cases where only some aggregates restart, the third one checks
+-- that one aggregate restarting doesn't cause others to restart.
+CREATE FUNCTION sum_int_randrestart_minvfunc(int4, int4) RETURNS int4 AS
+$$ SELECT CASE WHEN random() < 0.2 THEN NULL ELSE $1 - $2 END $$
+LANGUAGE SQL STRICT;
+CREATE AGGREGATE sum_int_randomrestart (int4)
+(
+	stype = int4,
+	sfunc = int4pl,
+	mstype = int4,
+	msfunc = int4pl,
+	minvfunc = sum_int_randrestart_minvfunc
+);
+WITH
+vs AS (
+	SELECT i, (random() * 100)::int4 AS v
+	FROM generate_series(1, 100) AS i
+),
+sum_following AS (
+	SELECT i, SUM(v) OVER
+		(ORDER BY i DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS s
+	FROM vs
+)
+SELECT DISTINCT
+	sum_following.s = sum_int_randomrestart(v) OVER fwd AS eq1,
+	-sum_following.s = sum_int_randomrestart(-v) OVER fwd AS eq2,
+	100*3+(vs.i-1)*3 = length(logging_agg_nonstrict(''::text) OVER fwd) AS eq3
+FROM vs
+JOIN sum_following ON sum_following.i = vs.i
+WINDOW fwd AS (
+	ORDER BY vs.i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+);
+ eq1 | eq2 | eq3 
+-----+-----+-----
+ t   | t   | t
+(1 row)
+
+--
+-- Test various built-in aggregates that have moving-aggregate support
+--
+-- test inverse transition functions handle NULLs properly
+SELECT i,AVG(v::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i |        avg         
+---+--------------------
+ 1 | 1.5000000000000000
+ 2 | 2.0000000000000000
+ 3 |                   
+ 4 |                   
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,AVG(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i |        avg         
+---+--------------------
+ 1 | 1.5000000000000000
+ 2 | 2.0000000000000000
+ 3 |                   
+ 4 |                   
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,AVG(v::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i |        avg         
+---+--------------------
+ 1 | 1.5000000000000000
+ 2 | 2.0000000000000000
+ 3 |                   
+ 4 |                   
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,AVG(v::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1.5),(2,2.5),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i |        avg         
+---+--------------------
+ 1 | 2.0000000000000000
+ 2 | 2.5000000000000000
+ 3 |                   
+ 4 |                   
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,AVG(v::interval) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,'1 sec'),(2,'2 sec'),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i |    avg     
+---+------------
+ 1 | @ 1.5 secs
+ 2 | @ 2 secs
+ 3 | 
+ 4 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i | sum 
+---+-----
+ 1 |   3
+ 2 |   2
+ 3 |    
+ 4 |    
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i | sum 
+---+-----
+ 1 |   3
+ 2 |   2
+ 3 |    
+ 4 |    
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i | sum 
+---+-----
+ 1 |   3
+ 2 |   2
+ 3 |    
+ 4 |    
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::money) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,'1.10'),(2,'2.20'),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i |  sum  
+---+-------
+ 1 | $3.30
+ 2 | $2.20
+ 3 |      
+ 4 |      
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::interval) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,'1 sec'),(2,'2 sec'),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i |   sum    
+---+----------
+ 1 | @ 3 secs
+ 2 | @ 2 secs
+ 3 | 
+ 4 | 
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1.1),(2,2.2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i | sum 
+---+-----
+ 1 | 3.3
+ 2 | 2.2
+ 3 |    
+ 4 |    
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT SUM(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1.01),(2,2),(3,3)) v(i,n);
+ sum  
+------
+ 6.01
+    5
+    3
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT i,COUNT(v) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i | count 
+---+-------
+ 1 |     2
+ 2 |     1
+ 3 |     0
+ 4 |     0
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,COUNT(*) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i | count 
+---+-------
+ 1 |     4
+ 2 |     3
+ 3 |     2
+ 4 |     1
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT VAR_POP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+        var_pop        
+-----------------------
+    21704.000000000000
+    13868.750000000000
+    11266.666666666667
+ 4225.0000000000000000
+                     0
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT VAR_POP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+        var_pop        
+-----------------------
+    21704.000000000000
+    13868.750000000000
+    11266.666666666667
+ 4225.0000000000000000
+                     0
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT VAR_POP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+        var_pop        
+-----------------------
+    21704.000000000000
+    13868.750000000000
+    11266.666666666667
+ 4225.0000000000000000
+                     0
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT VAR_POP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+        var_pop        
+-----------------------
+    21704.000000000000
+    13868.750000000000
+    11266.666666666667
+ 4225.0000000000000000
+                     0
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       var_samp        
+-----------------------
+    27130.000000000000
+    18491.666666666667
+    16900.000000000000
+ 8450.0000000000000000
+                      
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       var_samp        
+-----------------------
+    27130.000000000000
+    18491.666666666667
+    16900.000000000000
+ 8450.0000000000000000
+                      
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       var_samp        
+-----------------------
+    27130.000000000000
+    18491.666666666667
+    16900.000000000000
+ 8450.0000000000000000
+                      
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       var_samp        
+-----------------------
+    27130.000000000000
+    18491.666666666667
+    16900.000000000000
+ 8450.0000000000000000
+                      
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT VARIANCE(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       variance        
+-----------------------
+    27130.000000000000
+    18491.666666666667
+    16900.000000000000
+ 8450.0000000000000000
+                      
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT VARIANCE(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       variance        
+-----------------------
+    27130.000000000000
+    18491.666666666667
+    16900.000000000000
+ 8450.0000000000000000
+                      
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT VARIANCE(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       variance        
+-----------------------
+    27130.000000000000
+    18491.666666666667
+    16900.000000000000
+ 8450.0000000000000000
+                      
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT VARIANCE(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       variance        
+-----------------------
+    27130.000000000000
+    18491.666666666667
+    16900.000000000000
+ 8450.0000000000000000
+                      
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+     stddev_pop      
+---------------------
+    147.322774885623
+    147.322774885623
+    117.765657133139
+    106.144555520604
+ 65.0000000000000000
+                   0
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+     stddev_pop      
+---------------------
+    147.322774885623
+    147.322774885623
+    117.765657133139
+    106.144555520604
+ 65.0000000000000000
+                   0
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+     stddev_pop      
+---------------------
+    147.322774885623
+    147.322774885623
+    117.765657133139
+    106.144555520604
+ 65.0000000000000000
+                   0
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+     stddev_pop      
+---------------------
+    147.322774885623
+    147.322774885623
+    117.765657133139
+    106.144555520604
+ 65.0000000000000000
+                   0
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+     stddev_samp     
+---------------------
+    164.711869639076
+    164.711869639076
+    135.984067694222
+    130.000000000000
+ 91.9238815542511782
+                    
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+     stddev_samp     
+---------------------
+    164.711869639076
+    164.711869639076
+    135.984067694222
+    130.000000000000
+ 91.9238815542511782
+                    
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+     stddev_samp     
+---------------------
+    164.711869639076
+    164.711869639076
+    135.984067694222
+    130.000000000000
+ 91.9238815542511782
+                    
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+     stddev_samp     
+---------------------
+    164.711869639076
+    164.711869639076
+    135.984067694222
+    130.000000000000
+ 91.9238815542511782
+                    
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       stddev        
+---------------------
+    164.711869639076
+    164.711869639076
+    135.984067694222
+    130.000000000000
+ 91.9238815542511782
+                    
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       stddev        
+---------------------
+    164.711869639076
+    164.711869639076
+    135.984067694222
+    130.000000000000
+ 91.9238815542511782
+                    
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       stddev        
+---------------------
+    164.711869639076
+    164.711869639076
+    135.984067694222
+    130.000000000000
+ 91.9238815542511782
+                    
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT STDDEV(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+       stddev        
+---------------------
+    164.711869639076
+    164.711869639076
+    135.984067694222
+    130.000000000000
+ 91.9238815542511782
+                    
+(6 rows)
+
+-- test that inverse transition functions work with various frame options
+SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND CURRENT ROW)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i | sum 
+---+-----
+ 1 |   1
+ 2 |   2
+ 3 |    
+ 4 |    
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND 1 FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+ i | sum 
+---+-----
+ 1 |   3
+ 2 |   2
+ 3 |    
+ 4 |    
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4)) t(i,v);
+ i | sum 
+---+-----
+ 1 |   3
+ 2 |   6
+ 3 |   9
+ 4 |   7
+(4 rows)
+
+-- ensure aggregate over numeric properly recovers from NaN values
+SELECT a, b,
+       SUM(b) OVER(ORDER BY A ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
+FROM (VALUES(1,1::numeric),(2,2),(3,'NaN'),(4,3),(5,4)) t(a,b);
+ a |  b  | sum 
+---+-----+-----
+ 1 |   1 |   1
+ 2 |   2 |   3
+ 3 | NaN | NaN
+ 4 |   3 | NaN
+ 5 |   4 |   7
+(5 rows)
+
+-- It might be tempting for someone to add an inverse trans function for
+-- float and double precision. This should not be done as it can give incorrect
+-- results. This test should fail if anyone ever does this without thinking too
+-- hard about it.
+SELECT to_char(SUM(n::float8) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND 1 FOLLOWING),'999999999999999999999D9')
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1e20),(2,1)) n(i,n);
+         to_char          
+--------------------------
+  100000000000000000000
+                      1.0
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT i, b, bool_and(b) OVER w, bool_or(b) OVER w
+  FROM (VALUES (1,true), (2,true), (3,false), (4,false), (5,true)) v(i,b)
+  WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND 1 FOLLOWING);
+ i | b | bool_and | bool_or 
+---+---+----------+---------
+ 1 | t | t        | t
+ 2 | t | f        | t
+ 3 | f | f        | f
+ 4 | f | f        | t
+ 5 | t | t        | t
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Tests for problems with failure to walk or mutate expressions
+-- within window frame clauses.
+-- test walker (fails with collation error if expressions are not walked)
+SELECT array_agg(i) OVER w
+  FROM generate_series(1,5) i
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN (('foo' < 'foobar')::integer) PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW);
+ array_agg 
+-----------
+ {1}
+ {1,2}
+ {2,3}
+ {3,4}
+ {4,5}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- test mutator (fails when inlined if expressions are not mutated)
+CREATE FUNCTION pg_temp.f(group_size BIGINT) RETURNS SETOF integer[]
+AS $$
+    SELECT array_agg(s) OVER w
+      FROM generate_series(1,5) s
+    WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY s ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND GROUP_SIZE FOLLOWING)
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL STABLE;
+EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT * FROM pg_temp.f(2);
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on f
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: s.s
+               ->  Function Scan on generate_series s
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_temp.f(2);
+    f    
+---------
+ {1,2,3}
+ {2,3,4}
+ {3,4,5}
+ {4,5}
+ {5}
+(5 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/with.out b/src/test/regress/expected/with.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8188c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/with.out
@@ -0,0 +1,3532 @@
+--
+-- Tests for common table expressions (WITH query, ... SELECT ...)
+--
+-- Basic WITH
+WITH q1(x,y) AS (SELECT 1,2)
+SELECT * FROM q1, q1 AS q2;
+ x | y | x | y 
+---+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 1 | 2
+(1 row)
+
+-- Multiple uses are evaluated only once
+SELECT count(*) FROM (
+  WITH q1(x) AS (SELECT random() FROM generate_series(1, 5))
+    SELECT * FROM q1
+  UNION
+    SELECT * FROM q1
+) ss;
+ count 
+-------
+     5
+(1 row)
+
+-- WITH RECURSIVE
+-- sum of 1..100
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    VALUES (1)
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 100
+)
+SELECT sum(n) FROM t;
+ sum  
+------
+ 5050
+(1 row)
+
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    SELECT (VALUES(1))
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 5
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ n 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+(5 rows)
+
+-- UNION DISTINCT requires hashable type
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    VALUES (1::money)
+UNION
+    SELECT n+1::money FROM t WHERE n < 100::money
+)
+SELECT sum(n) FROM t;
+ERROR:  could not implement recursive UNION
+DETAIL:  All column datatypes must be hashable.
+-- recursive view
+CREATE RECURSIVE VIEW nums (n) AS
+    VALUES (1)
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM nums WHERE n < 5;
+SELECT * FROM nums;
+ n 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+(5 rows)
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE RECURSIVE VIEW nums (n) AS
+    VALUES (1)
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM nums WHERE n < 6;
+SELECT * FROM nums;
+ n 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+(6 rows)
+
+-- This is an infinite loop with UNION ALL, but not with UNION
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    SELECT 1
+UNION
+    SELECT 10-n FROM t)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ n 
+---
+ 1
+ 9
+(2 rows)
+
+-- This'd be an infinite loop, but outside query reads only as much as needed
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    VALUES (1)
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t)
+SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10;
+ n  
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+(10 rows)
+
+-- UNION case should have same property
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    SELECT 1
+UNION
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t)
+SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10;
+ n  
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Test behavior with an unknown-type literal in the WITH
+WITH q AS (SELECT 'foo' AS x)
+SELECT x, pg_typeof(x) FROM q;
+  x  | pg_typeof 
+-----+-----------
+ foo | text
+(1 row)
+
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    SELECT 'foo'
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n || ' bar' FROM t WHERE length(n) < 20
+)
+SELECT n, pg_typeof(n) FROM t;
+            n            | pg_typeof 
+-------------------------+-----------
+ foo                     | text
+ foo bar                 | text
+ foo bar bar             | text
+ foo bar bar bar         | text
+ foo bar bar bar bar     | text
+ foo bar bar bar bar bar | text
+(6 rows)
+
+-- In a perfect world, this would work and resolve the literal as int ...
+-- but for now, we have to be content with resolving to text too soon.
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    SELECT '7'
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 10
+)
+SELECT n, pg_typeof(n) FROM t;
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: text + integer
+LINE 4:     SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 10
+                    ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+-- Deeply nested WITH caused a list-munging problem in v13
+-- Detection of cross-references and self-references
+WITH RECURSIVE w1(c1) AS
+ (WITH w2(c2) AS
+  (WITH w3(c3) AS
+   (WITH w4(c4) AS
+    (WITH w5(c5) AS
+     (WITH RECURSIVE w6(c6) AS
+      (WITH w6(c6) AS
+       (WITH w8(c8) AS
+        (SELECT 1)
+        SELECT * FROM w8)
+       SELECT * FROM w6)
+      SELECT * FROM w6)
+     SELECT * FROM w5)
+    SELECT * FROM w4)
+   SELECT * FROM w3)
+  SELECT * FROM w2)
+SELECT * FROM w1;
+ c1 
+----
+  1
+(1 row)
+
+-- Detection of invalid self-references
+WITH RECURSIVE outermost(x) AS (
+ SELECT 1
+ UNION (WITH innermost1 AS (
+  SELECT 2
+  UNION (WITH innermost2 AS (
+   SELECT 3
+   UNION (WITH innermost3 AS (
+    SELECT 4
+    UNION (WITH innermost4 AS (
+     SELECT 5
+     UNION (WITH innermost5 AS (
+      SELECT 6
+      UNION (WITH innermost6 AS
+       (SELECT 7)
+       SELECT * FROM innermost6))
+      SELECT * FROM innermost5))
+     SELECT * FROM innermost4))
+    SELECT * FROM innermost3))
+   SELECT * FROM innermost2))
+  SELECT * FROM outermost
+  UNION SELECT * FROM innermost1)
+ )
+ SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
+ x 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
+ 7
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- Some examples with a tree
+--
+-- department structure represented here is as follows:
+--
+-- ROOT-+->A-+->B-+->C
+--      |         |
+--      |         +->D-+->F
+--      +->E-+->G
+CREATE TEMP TABLE department (
+	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,  -- department ID
+	parent_department INTEGER REFERENCES department, -- upper department ID
+	name TEXT -- department name
+);
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (0, NULL, 'ROOT');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (1, 0, 'A');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (2, 1, 'B');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (3, 2, 'C');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (4, 2, 'D');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (5, 0, 'E');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (6, 4, 'F');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (7, 5, 'G');
+-- extract all departments under 'A'. Result should be A, B, C, D and F
+WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS
+(
+	-- non recursive term
+	SELECT name as root_name, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
+	UNION ALL
+	-- recursive term
+	SELECT sd.root_name, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
+		WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
+)
+SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name;
+ root_name | id | parent_department | name 
+-----------+----+-------------------+------
+ A         |  1 |                 0 | A
+ A         |  2 |                 1 | B
+ A         |  3 |                 2 | C
+ A         |  4 |                 2 | D
+ A         |  6 |                 4 | F
+(5 rows)
+
+-- extract all departments under 'A' with "level" number
+WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment(level, id, parent_department, name) AS
+(
+	-- non recursive term
+	SELECT 1, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
+	UNION ALL
+	-- recursive term
+	SELECT sd.level + 1, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
+		WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
+)
+SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name;
+ level | id | parent_department | name 
+-------+----+-------------------+------
+     1 |  1 |                 0 | A
+     2 |  2 |                 1 | B
+     3 |  3 |                 2 | C
+     3 |  4 |                 2 | D
+     4 |  6 |                 4 | F
+(5 rows)
+
+-- extract all departments under 'A' with "level" number.
+-- Only shows level 2 or more
+WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment(level, id, parent_department, name) AS
+(
+	-- non recursive term
+	SELECT 1, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
+	UNION ALL
+	-- recursive term
+	SELECT sd.level + 1, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
+		WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
+)
+SELECT * FROM subdepartment WHERE level >= 2 ORDER BY name;
+ level | id | parent_department | name 
+-------+----+-------------------+------
+     2 |  2 |                 1 | B
+     3 |  3 |                 2 | C
+     3 |  4 |                 2 | D
+     4 |  6 |                 4 | F
+(4 rows)
+
+-- "RECURSIVE" is ignored if the query has no self-reference
+WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS
+(
+	-- note lack of recursive UNION structure
+	SELECT * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
+)
+SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name;
+ id | parent_department | name 
+----+-------------------+------
+  1 |                 0 | A
+(1 row)
+
+-- inside subqueries
+SELECT count(*) FROM (
+    WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+        SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n + 1 FROM t WHERE n < 500
+    )
+    SELECT * FROM t) AS t WHERE n < (
+        SELECT count(*) FROM (
+            WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+                   SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n + 1 FROM t WHERE n < 100
+                )
+            SELECT * FROM t WHERE n < 50000
+         ) AS t WHERE n < 100);
+ count 
+-------
+    98
+(1 row)
+
+-- use same CTE twice at different subquery levels
+WITH q1(x,y) AS (
+    SELECT hundred, sum(ten) FROM tenk1 GROUP BY hundred
+  )
+SELECT count(*) FROM q1 WHERE y > (SELECT sum(y)/100 FROM q1 qsub);
+ count 
+-------
+    50
+(1 row)
+
+-- via a VIEW
+CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW vsubdepartment AS
+	WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS
+	(
+		 -- non recursive term
+		SELECT * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
+		UNION ALL
+		-- recursive term
+		SELECT d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
+			WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
+	)
+	SELECT * FROM subdepartment;
+SELECT * FROM vsubdepartment ORDER BY name;
+ id | parent_department | name 
+----+-------------------+------
+  1 |                 0 | A
+  2 |                 1 | B
+  3 |                 2 | C
+  4 |                 2 | D
+  6 |                 4 | F
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Check reverse listing
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('vsubdepartment'::regclass);
+                pg_get_viewdef                 
+-----------------------------------------------
+  WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS (           +
+          SELECT department.id,               +
+             department.parent_department,    +
+             department.name                  +
+            FROM department                   +
+           WHERE (department.name = 'A'::text)+
+         UNION ALL                            +
+          SELECT d.id,                        +
+             d.parent_department,             +
+             d.name                           +
+            FROM department d,                +
+             subdepartment sd                 +
+           WHERE (d.parent_department = sd.id)+
+         )                                    +
+  SELECT subdepartment.id,                    +
+     subdepartment.parent_department,         +
+     subdepartment.name                       +
+    FROM subdepartment;
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('vsubdepartment'::regclass, true);
+               pg_get_viewdef                
+---------------------------------------------
+  WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS (         +
+          SELECT department.id,             +
+             department.parent_department,  +
+             department.name                +
+            FROM department                 +
+           WHERE department.name = 'A'::text+
+         UNION ALL                          +
+          SELECT d.id,                      +
+             d.parent_department,           +
+             d.name                         +
+            FROM department d,              +
+             subdepartment sd               +
+           WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id+
+         )                                  +
+  SELECT subdepartment.id,                  +
+     subdepartment.parent_department,       +
+     subdepartment.name                     +
+    FROM subdepartment;
+(1 row)
+
+-- Another reverse-listing example
+CREATE VIEW sums_1_100 AS
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    VALUES (1)
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 100
+)
+SELECT sum(n) FROM t;
+\d+ sums_1_100
+                         View "public.sums_1_100"
+ Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Description 
+--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+-------------
+ sum    | bigint |           |          |         | plain   | 
+View definition:
+ WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+         VALUES (1)
+        UNION ALL
+         SELECT t_1.n + 1
+           FROM t t_1
+          WHERE t_1.n < 100
+        )
+ SELECT sum(t.n) AS sum
+   FROM t;
+
+-- corner case in which sub-WITH gets initialized first
+with recursive q as (
+      select * from department
+    union all
+      (with x as (select * from q)
+       select * from x)
+    )
+select * from q limit 24;
+ id | parent_department | name 
+----+-------------------+------
+  0 |                   | ROOT
+  1 |                 0 | A
+  2 |                 1 | B
+  3 |                 2 | C
+  4 |                 2 | D
+  5 |                 0 | E
+  6 |                 4 | F
+  7 |                 5 | G
+  0 |                   | ROOT
+  1 |                 0 | A
+  2 |                 1 | B
+  3 |                 2 | C
+  4 |                 2 | D
+  5 |                 0 | E
+  6 |                 4 | F
+  7 |                 5 | G
+  0 |                   | ROOT
+  1 |                 0 | A
+  2 |                 1 | B
+  3 |                 2 | C
+  4 |                 2 | D
+  5 |                 0 | E
+  6 |                 4 | F
+  7 |                 5 | G
+(24 rows)
+
+with recursive q as (
+      select * from department
+    union all
+      (with recursive x as (
+           select * from department
+         union all
+           (select * from q union all select * from x)
+        )
+       select * from x)
+    )
+select * from q limit 32;
+ id | parent_department | name 
+----+-------------------+------
+  0 |                   | ROOT
+  1 |                 0 | A
+  2 |                 1 | B
+  3 |                 2 | C
+  4 |                 2 | D
+  5 |                 0 | E
+  6 |                 4 | F
+  7 |                 5 | G
+  0 |                   | ROOT
+  1 |                 0 | A
+  2 |                 1 | B
+  3 |                 2 | C
+  4 |                 2 | D
+  5 |                 0 | E
+  6 |                 4 | F
+  7 |                 5 | G
+  0 |                   | ROOT
+  1 |                 0 | A
+  2 |                 1 | B
+  3 |                 2 | C
+  4 |                 2 | D
+  5 |                 0 | E
+  6 |                 4 | F
+  7 |                 5 | G
+  0 |                   | ROOT
+  1 |                 0 | A
+  2 |                 1 | B
+  3 |                 2 | C
+  4 |                 2 | D
+  5 |                 0 | E
+  6 |                 4 | F
+  7 |                 5 | G
+(32 rows)
+
+-- recursive term has sub-UNION
+WITH RECURSIVE t(i,j) AS (
+	VALUES (1,2)
+	UNION ALL
+	SELECT t2.i, t.j+1 FROM
+		(SELECT 2 AS i UNION ALL SELECT 3 AS i) AS t2
+		JOIN t ON (t2.i = t.i+1))
+	SELECT * FROM t;
+ i | j 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+ 2 | 3
+ 3 | 4
+(3 rows)
+
+--
+-- different tree example
+--
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tree(
+    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    parent_id INTEGER REFERENCES tree(id)
+);
+INSERT INTO tree
+VALUES (1, NULL), (2, 1), (3,1), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (7,3), (8,3),
+       (9,4), (10,4), (11,7), (12,7), (13,7), (14, 9), (15,11), (16,11);
+--
+-- get all paths from "second level" nodes to leaf nodes
+--
+WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS (
+    VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[])
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id
+    FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id)
+)
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON
+	(t1.path[1] = t2.path[1] AND
+	array_upper(t1.path,1) = 1 AND
+	array_upper(t2.path,1) > 1)
+	ORDER BY t1.id, t2.id;
+ id | path | id |    path     
+----+------+----+-------------
+  2 | {2}  |  4 | {2,4}
+  2 | {2}  |  5 | {2,5}
+  2 | {2}  |  6 | {2,6}
+  2 | {2}  |  9 | {2,4,9}
+  2 | {2}  | 10 | {2,4,10}
+  2 | {2}  | 14 | {2,4,9,14}
+  3 | {3}  |  7 | {3,7}
+  3 | {3}  |  8 | {3,8}
+  3 | {3}  | 11 | {3,7,11}
+  3 | {3}  | 12 | {3,7,12}
+  3 | {3}  | 13 | {3,7,13}
+  3 | {3}  | 15 | {3,7,11,15}
+  3 | {3}  | 16 | {3,7,11,16}
+(13 rows)
+
+-- just count 'em
+WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS (
+    VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[])
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id
+    FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id)
+)
+SELECT t1.id, count(t2.*) FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON
+	(t1.path[1] = t2.path[1] AND
+	array_upper(t1.path,1) = 1 AND
+	array_upper(t2.path,1) > 1)
+	GROUP BY t1.id
+	ORDER BY t1.id;
+ id | count 
+----+-------
+  2 |     6
+  3 |     7
+(2 rows)
+
+-- this variant tickled a whole-row-variable bug in 8.4devel
+WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS (
+    VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[])
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id
+    FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id)
+)
+SELECT t1.id, t2.path, t2 FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON
+(t1.id=t2.id);
+ id |    path     |         t2         
+----+-------------+--------------------
+  1 | {}          | (1,{})
+  2 | {2}         | (2,{2})
+  3 | {3}         | (3,{3})
+  4 | {2,4}       | (4,"{2,4}")
+  5 | {2,5}       | (5,"{2,5}")
+  6 | {2,6}       | (6,"{2,6}")
+  7 | {3,7}       | (7,"{3,7}")
+  8 | {3,8}       | (8,"{3,8}")
+  9 | {2,4,9}     | (9,"{2,4,9}")
+ 10 | {2,4,10}    | (10,"{2,4,10}")
+ 11 | {3,7,11}    | (11,"{3,7,11}")
+ 12 | {3,7,12}    | (12,"{3,7,12}")
+ 13 | {3,7,13}    | (13,"{3,7,13}")
+ 14 | {2,4,9,14}  | (14,"{2,4,9,14}")
+ 15 | {3,7,11,15} | (15,"{3,7,11,15}")
+ 16 | {3,7,11,16} | (16,"{3,7,11,16}")
+(16 rows)
+
+-- SEARCH clause
+create temp table graph0( f int, t int, label text );
+insert into graph0 values
+	(1, 2, 'arc 1 -> 2'),
+	(1, 3, 'arc 1 -> 3'),
+	(2, 3, 'arc 2 -> 3'),
+	(1, 4, 'arc 1 -> 4'),
+	(4, 5, 'arc 4 -> 5');
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+                                          QUERY PLAN                                          
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Output: search_graph.f, search_graph.t, search_graph.label, search_graph.seq
+   Sort Key: search_graph.seq
+   CTE search_graph
+     ->  Recursive Union
+           ->  Seq Scan on pg_temp.graph0 g
+                 Output: g.f, g.t, g.label, ARRAY[ROW(g.f, g.t)]
+           ->  Merge Join
+                 Output: g_1.f, g_1.t, g_1.label, array_cat(sg.seq, ARRAY[ROW(g_1.f, g_1.t)])
+                 Merge Cond: (g_1.f = sg.t)
+                 ->  Sort
+                       Output: g_1.f, g_1.t, g_1.label
+                       Sort Key: g_1.f
+                       ->  Seq Scan on pg_temp.graph0 g_1
+                             Output: g_1.f, g_1.t, g_1.label
+                 ->  Sort
+                       Output: sg.seq, sg.t
+                       Sort Key: sg.t
+                       ->  WorkTable Scan on search_graph sg
+                             Output: sg.seq, sg.t
+   ->  CTE Scan on search_graph
+         Output: search_graph.f, search_graph.t, search_graph.label, search_graph.seq
+(22 rows)
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+ f | t |   label    |        seq        
+---+---+------------+-------------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | {"(1,2)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | {"(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | {"(1,4)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(4,5)"}
+(7 rows)
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union distinct
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+ f | t |   label    |        seq        
+---+---+------------+-------------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | {"(1,2)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | {"(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | {"(1,4)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(4,5)"}
+(7 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search breadth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Output: search_graph.f, search_graph.t, search_graph.label, search_graph.seq
+   Sort Key: search_graph.seq
+   CTE search_graph
+     ->  Recursive Union
+           ->  Seq Scan on pg_temp.graph0 g
+                 Output: g.f, g.t, g.label, ROW('0'::bigint, g.f, g.t)
+           ->  Merge Join
+                 Output: g_1.f, g_1.t, g_1.label, ROW(int8inc((sg.seq)."*DEPTH*"), g_1.f, g_1.t)
+                 Merge Cond: (g_1.f = sg.t)
+                 ->  Sort
+                       Output: g_1.f, g_1.t, g_1.label
+                       Sort Key: g_1.f
+                       ->  Seq Scan on pg_temp.graph0 g_1
+                             Output: g_1.f, g_1.t, g_1.label
+                 ->  Sort
+                       Output: sg.seq, sg.t
+                       Sort Key: sg.t
+                       ->  WorkTable Scan on search_graph sg
+                             Output: sg.seq, sg.t
+   ->  CTE Scan on search_graph
+         Output: search_graph.f, search_graph.t, search_graph.label, search_graph.seq
+(22 rows)
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search breadth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+ f | t |   label    |   seq   
+---+---+------------+---------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | (0,1,2)
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | (0,1,3)
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | (0,1,4)
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | (0,2,3)
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | (0,4,5)
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | (1,2,3)
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | (1,4,5)
+(7 rows)
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union distinct
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search breadth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+ f | t |   label    |   seq   
+---+---+------------+---------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | (0,1,2)
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | (0,1,3)
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | (0,1,4)
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | (0,2,3)
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | (0,4,5)
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | (1,2,3)
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | (1,4,5)
+(7 rows)
+
+-- a constant initial value causes issues for EXPLAIN
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive test as (
+  select 1 as x
+  union all
+  select x + 1
+  from test
+) search depth first by x set y
+select * from test limit 5;
+                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: test.x, test.y
+   CTE test
+     ->  Recursive Union
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: 1, '{(1)}'::record[]
+           ->  WorkTable Scan on test test_1
+                 Output: (test_1.x + 1), array_cat(test_1.y, ARRAY[ROW((test_1.x + 1))])
+   ->  CTE Scan on test
+         Output: test.x, test.y
+(10 rows)
+
+with recursive test as (
+  select 1 as x
+  union all
+  select x + 1
+  from test
+) search depth first by x set y
+select * from test limit 5;
+ x |           y           
+---+-----------------------
+ 1 | {(1)}
+ 2 | {(1),(2)}
+ 3 | {(1),(2),(3)}
+ 4 | {(1),(2),(3),(4)}
+ 5 | {(1),(2),(3),(4),(5)}
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive test as (
+  select 1 as x
+  union all
+  select x + 1
+  from test
+) search breadth first by x set y
+select * from test limit 5;
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                         
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: test.x, test.y
+   CTE test
+     ->  Recursive Union
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: 1, '(0,1)'::record
+           ->  WorkTable Scan on test test_1
+                 Output: (test_1.x + 1), ROW(int8inc((test_1.y)."*DEPTH*"), (test_1.x + 1))
+   ->  CTE Scan on test
+         Output: test.x, test.y
+(10 rows)
+
+with recursive test as (
+  select 1 as x
+  union all
+  select x + 1
+  from test
+) search breadth first by x set y
+select * from test limit 5;
+ x |   y   
+---+-------
+ 1 | (0,1)
+ 2 | (1,2)
+ 3 | (2,3)
+ 4 | (3,4)
+ 5 | (4,5)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- various syntax errors
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by foo, tar set seq
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  search column "foo" not in WITH query column list
+LINE 7: ) search depth first by foo, tar set seq
+          ^
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set label
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  search sequence column name "label" already used in WITH query column list
+LINE 7: ) search depth first by f, t set label
+          ^
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t, f set seq
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  search column "f" specified more than once
+LINE 7: ) search depth first by f, t, f set seq
+          ^
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+ERROR:  with a SEARCH or CYCLE clause, the left side of the UNION must be a SELECT
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	(select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t)
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+ERROR:  with a SEARCH or CYCLE clause, the right side of the UNION must be a SELECT
+-- check that we distinguish same CTE name used at different levels
+-- (this case could be supported, perhaps, but it isn't today)
+with recursive x(col) as (
+	select 1
+	union
+	(with x as (select * from x)
+	 select * from x)
+) search depth first by col set seq
+select * from x;
+ERROR:  with a SEARCH or CYCLE clause, the recursive reference to WITH query "x" must be at the top level of its right-hand SELECT
+-- test ruleutils and view expansion
+create temp view v_search as
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select f, t, label from search_graph;
+select pg_get_viewdef('v_search');
+                 pg_get_viewdef                 
+------------------------------------------------
+  WITH RECURSIVE search_graph(f, t, label) AS (+
+          SELECT g.f,                          +
+             g.t,                              +
+             g.label                           +
+            FROM graph0 g                      +
+         UNION ALL                             +
+          SELECT g.f,                          +
+             g.t,                              +
+             g.label                           +
+            FROM graph0 g,                     +
+             search_graph sg                   +
+           WHERE (g.f = sg.t)                  +
+         ) SEARCH DEPTH FIRST BY f, t SET seq  +
+  SELECT search_graph.f,                       +
+     search_graph.t,                           +
+     search_graph.label                        +
+    FROM search_graph;
+(1 row)
+
+select * from v_search;
+ f | t |   label    
+---+---+------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- test cycle detection
+--
+create temp table graph( f int, t int, label text );
+insert into graph values
+	(1, 2, 'arc 1 -> 2'),
+	(1, 3, 'arc 1 -> 3'),
+	(2, 3, 'arc 2 -> 3'),
+	(1, 4, 'arc 1 -> 4'),
+	(4, 5, 'arc 4 -> 5'),
+	(5, 1, 'arc 5 -> 1');
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, is_cycle, path) as (
+	select *, false, array[row(g.f, g.t)] from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*, row(g.f, g.t) = any(path), path || row(g.f, g.t)
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t and not is_cycle
+)
+select * from search_graph;
+ f | t |   label    | is_cycle |                   path                    
+---+---+------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,3)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(1,4)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | t        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | t        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | t        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+(25 rows)
+
+-- UNION DISTINCT exercises row type hashing support
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, is_cycle, path) as (
+	select *, false, array[row(g.f, g.t)] from graph g
+	union distinct
+	select g.*, row(g.f, g.t) = any(path), path || row(g.f, g.t)
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t and not is_cycle
+)
+select * from search_graph;
+ f | t |   label    | is_cycle |                   path                    
+---+---+------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,3)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(1,4)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | t        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | t        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | t        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+(25 rows)
+
+-- ordering by the path column has same effect as SEARCH DEPTH FIRST
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, is_cycle, path) as (
+	select *, false, array[row(g.f, g.t)] from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*, row(g.f, g.t) = any(path), path || row(g.f, g.t)
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t and not is_cycle
+)
+select * from search_graph order by path;
+ f | t |   label    | is_cycle |                   path                    
+---+---+------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(1,2)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(1,4)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | t        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | t        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | t        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+(25 rows)
+
+-- CYCLE clause
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle using path
+select * from search_graph;
+                                                                              QUERY PLAN                                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CTE Scan on search_graph
+   Output: search_graph.f, search_graph.t, search_graph.label, search_graph.is_cycle, search_graph.path
+   CTE search_graph
+     ->  Recursive Union
+           ->  Seq Scan on pg_temp.graph g
+                 Output: g.f, g.t, g.label, false, ARRAY[ROW(g.f, g.t)]
+           ->  Merge Join
+                 Output: g_1.f, g_1.t, g_1.label, CASE WHEN (ROW(g_1.f, g_1.t) = ANY (sg.path)) THEN true ELSE false END, array_cat(sg.path, ARRAY[ROW(g_1.f, g_1.t)])
+                 Merge Cond: (g_1.f = sg.t)
+                 ->  Sort
+                       Output: g_1.f, g_1.t, g_1.label
+                       Sort Key: g_1.f
+                       ->  Seq Scan on pg_temp.graph g_1
+                             Output: g_1.f, g_1.t, g_1.label
+                 ->  Sort
+                       Output: sg.path, sg.t
+                       Sort Key: sg.t
+                       ->  WorkTable Scan on search_graph sg
+                             Output: sg.path, sg.t
+                             Filter: (NOT sg.is_cycle)
+(20 rows)
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle using path
+select * from search_graph;
+ f | t |   label    | is_cycle |                   path                    
+---+---+------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,3)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(1,4)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | t        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | t        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | t        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+(25 rows)
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union distinct
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to 'Y' default 'N' using path
+select * from search_graph;
+ f | t |   label    | is_cycle |                   path                    
+---+---+------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | N        | {"(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | N        | {"(1,3)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | N        | {"(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | N        | {"(1,4)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | N        | {"(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | N        | {"(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | N        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | N        | {"(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | N        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | N        | {"(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | N        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | N        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | N        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | N        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | N        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | N        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | N        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | N        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | N        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | N        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | Y        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | N        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | Y        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | Y        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | N        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+(25 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive test as (
+  select 0 as x
+  union all
+  select (x + 1) % 10
+  from test
+) cycle x set is_cycle using path
+select * from test;
+                                                                                          QUERY PLAN                                                                                           
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ CTE Scan on test
+   Output: test.x, test.is_cycle, test.path
+   CTE test
+     ->  Recursive Union
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: 0, false, '{(0)}'::record[]
+           ->  WorkTable Scan on test test_1
+                 Output: ((test_1.x + 1) % 10), CASE WHEN (ROW(((test_1.x + 1) % 10)) = ANY (test_1.path)) THEN true ELSE false END, array_cat(test_1.path, ARRAY[ROW(((test_1.x + 1) % 10))])
+                 Filter: (NOT test_1.is_cycle)
+(9 rows)
+
+with recursive test as (
+  select 0 as x
+  union all
+  select (x + 1) % 10
+  from test
+) cycle x set is_cycle using path
+select * from test;
+ x | is_cycle |                     path                      
+---+----------+-----------------------------------------------
+ 0 | f        | {(0)}
+ 1 | f        | {(0),(1)}
+ 2 | f        | {(0),(1),(2)}
+ 3 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3)}
+ 4 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4)}
+ 5 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5)}
+ 6 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6)}
+ 7 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7)}
+ 8 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8)}
+ 9 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9)}
+ 0 | t        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(0)}
+(11 rows)
+
+with recursive test as (
+  select 0 as x
+  union all
+  select (x + 1) % 10
+  from test
+    where not is_cycle  -- redundant, but legal
+) cycle x set is_cycle using path
+select * from test;
+ x | is_cycle |                     path                      
+---+----------+-----------------------------------------------
+ 0 | f        | {(0)}
+ 1 | f        | {(0),(1)}
+ 2 | f        | {(0),(1),(2)}
+ 3 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3)}
+ 4 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4)}
+ 5 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5)}
+ 6 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6)}
+ 7 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7)}
+ 8 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8)}
+ 9 | f        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9)}
+ 0 | t        | {(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(0)}
+(11 rows)
+
+-- multiple CTEs
+with recursive
+graph(f, t, label) as (
+  values (1, 2, 'arc 1 -> 2'),
+         (1, 3, 'arc 1 -> 3'),
+         (2, 3, 'arc 2 -> 3'),
+         (1, 4, 'arc 1 -> 4'),
+         (4, 5, 'arc 4 -> 5'),
+         (5, 1, 'arc 5 -> 1')
+),
+search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+        select * from graph g
+        union all
+        select g.*
+        from graph g, search_graph sg
+        where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default false using path
+select f, t, label from search_graph;
+ f | t |   label    
+---+---+------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+(25 rows)
+
+-- star expansion
+with recursive a as (
+	select 1 as b
+	union all
+	select * from a
+) cycle b set c using p
+select * from a;
+ b | c |     p     
+---+---+-----------
+ 1 | f | {(1)}
+ 1 | t | {(1),(1)}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- search+cycle
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+  cycle f, t set is_cycle using path
+select * from search_graph;
+ f | t |   label    |                    seq                    | is_cycle |                   path                    
+---+---+------------+-------------------------------------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | {"(1,2)"}                                 | f        | {"(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | {"(1,3)"}                                 | f        | {"(1,3)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(2,3)"}                                 | f        | {"(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | {"(1,4)"}                                 | f        | {"(1,4)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(4,5)"}                                 | f        | {"(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | {"(5,1)"}                                 | f        | {"(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | {"(5,1)","(1,2)"}                         | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | {"(5,1)","(1,3)"}                         | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | {"(5,1)","(1,4)"}                         | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(1,2)","(2,3)"}                         | f        | {"(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)"}                         | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)"}                         | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}                 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}                 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}                 | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}                 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}                 | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}                 | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}         | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}         | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}         | t        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}         | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}         | t        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}         | t        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"} | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+(25 rows)
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search breadth first by f, t set seq
+  cycle f, t set is_cycle using path
+select * from search_graph;
+ f | t |   label    |   seq   | is_cycle |                   path                    
+---+---+------------+---------+----------+-------------------------------------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | (0,1,2) | f        | {"(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | (0,1,3) | f        | {"(1,3)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | (0,2,3) | f        | {"(2,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | (0,1,4) | f        | {"(1,4)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | (0,4,5) | f        | {"(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | (0,5,1) | f        | {"(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | (1,1,2) | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | (1,1,3) | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | (1,1,4) | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | (1,2,3) | f        | {"(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | (1,4,5) | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | (1,5,1) | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | (2,1,2) | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | (2,1,3) | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | (2,1,4) | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | (2,2,3) | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | (2,4,5) | f        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | (2,5,1) | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2 | (3,1,2) | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)"}
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3 | (3,1,3) | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,3)"}
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4 | (3,1,4) | t        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | (3,2,3) | f        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5 | (3,4,5) | t        | {"(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)"}
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1 | (3,5,1) | t        | {"(5,1)","(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)"}
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3 | (4,2,3) | f        | {"(1,4)","(4,5)","(5,1)","(1,2)","(2,3)"}
+(25 rows)
+
+-- various syntax errors
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle foo, tar set is_cycle using path
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  cycle column "foo" not in WITH query column list
+LINE 7: ) cycle foo, tar set is_cycle using path
+          ^
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default 55 using path
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  CYCLE types boolean and integer cannot be matched
+LINE 7: ) cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default 55 using path
+                                                  ^
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to point '(1,1)' default point '(0,0)' using path
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  could not identify an equality operator for type point
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set label to true default false using path
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  cycle mark column name "label" already used in WITH query column list
+LINE 7: ) cycle f, t set label to true default false using path
+          ^
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default false using label
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  cycle path column name "label" already used in WITH query column list
+LINE 7: ) cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default false using label
+          ^
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set foo to true default false using foo
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  cycle mark column name and cycle path column name are the same
+LINE 7: ) cycle f, t set foo to true default false using foo
+          ^
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t, f set is_cycle to true default false using path
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  cycle column "f" specified more than once
+LINE 7: ) cycle f, t, f set is_cycle to true default false using pat...
+          ^
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set foo
+  cycle f, t set foo to true default false using path
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  search sequence column name and cycle mark column name are the same
+LINE 7: ) search depth first by f, t set foo
+          ^
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set foo
+  cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default false using foo
+select * from search_graph;
+ERROR:  search sequence column name and cycle path column name are the same
+LINE 7: ) search depth first by f, t set foo
+          ^
+-- test ruleutils and view expansion
+create temp view v_cycle1 as
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle using path
+select f, t, label from search_graph;
+create temp view v_cycle2 as
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to 'Y' default 'N' using path
+select f, t, label from search_graph;
+select pg_get_viewdef('v_cycle1');
+                 pg_get_viewdef                 
+------------------------------------------------
+  WITH RECURSIVE search_graph(f, t, label) AS (+
+          SELECT g.f,                          +
+             g.t,                              +
+             g.label                           +
+            FROM graph g                       +
+         UNION ALL                             +
+          SELECT g.f,                          +
+             g.t,                              +
+             g.label                           +
+            FROM graph g,                      +
+             search_graph sg                   +
+           WHERE (g.f = sg.t)                  +
+         ) CYCLE f, t SET is_cycle USING path  +
+  SELECT search_graph.f,                       +
+     search_graph.t,                           +
+     search_graph.label                        +
+    FROM search_graph;
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v_cycle2');
+                               pg_get_viewdef                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  WITH RECURSIVE search_graph(f, t, label) AS (                             +
+          SELECT g.f,                                                       +
+             g.t,                                                           +
+             g.label                                                        +
+            FROM graph g                                                    +
+         UNION ALL                                                          +
+          SELECT g.f,                                                       +
+             g.t,                                                           +
+             g.label                                                        +
+            FROM graph g,                                                   +
+             search_graph sg                                                +
+           WHERE (g.f = sg.t)                                               +
+         ) CYCLE f, t SET is_cycle TO 'Y'::text DEFAULT 'N'::text USING path+
+  SELECT search_graph.f,                                                    +
+     search_graph.t,                                                        +
+     search_graph.label                                                     +
+    FROM search_graph;
+(1 row)
+
+select * from v_cycle1;
+ f | t |   label    
+---+---+------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+(25 rows)
+
+select * from v_cycle2;
+ f | t |   label    
+---+---+------------
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 1 | 2 | arc 1 -> 2
+ 1 | 3 | arc 1 -> 3
+ 1 | 4 | arc 1 -> 4
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+ 4 | 5 | arc 4 -> 5
+ 5 | 1 | arc 5 -> 1
+ 2 | 3 | arc 2 -> 3
+(25 rows)
+
+--
+-- test multiple WITH queries
+--
+WITH RECURSIVE
+  y (id) AS (VALUES (1)),
+  x (id) AS (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+ id 
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+(5 rows)
+
+-- forward reference OK
+WITH RECURSIVE
+    x(id) AS (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5),
+    y(id) AS (values (1))
+ SELECT * FROM x;
+ id 
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+(5 rows)
+
+WITH RECURSIVE
+   x(id) AS
+     (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5),
+   y(id) AS
+     (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM y WHERE id < 10)
+ SELECT y.*, x.* FROM y LEFT JOIN x USING (id);
+ id | id 
+----+----
+  1 |  1
+  2 |  2
+  3 |  3
+  4 |  4
+  5 |  5
+  6 |   
+  7 |   
+  8 |   
+  9 |   
+ 10 |   
+(10 rows)
+
+WITH RECURSIVE
+   x(id) AS
+     (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5),
+   y(id) AS
+     (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 10)
+ SELECT y.*, x.* FROM y LEFT JOIN x USING (id);
+ id | id 
+----+----
+  1 |  1
+  2 |  2
+  3 |  3
+  4 |  4
+  5 |  5
+  6 |   
+(6 rows)
+
+WITH RECURSIVE
+   x(id) AS
+     (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 3 ),
+   y(id) AS
+     (SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x),
+   z(id) AS
+     (SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM z WHERE id < 10)
+ SELECT * FROM z;
+ id 
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  7
+  8
+  9
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+  9
+ 10
+ 10
+(27 rows)
+
+WITH RECURSIVE
+   x(id) AS
+     (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 3 ),
+   y(id) AS
+     (SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x),
+   z(id) AS
+     (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM z WHERE id < 10)
+ SELECT * FROM z;
+ id 
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  7
+  8
+  9
+  7
+  8
+  9
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+  9
+ 10
+  9
+ 10
+ 10
+ 10
+(54 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test WITH attached to a data-modifying statement
+--
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE y (a INTEGER);
+INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10);
+WITH t AS (
+	SELECT a FROM y
+)
+INSERT INTO y
+SELECT a+20 FROM t RETURNING *;
+ a  
+----
+ 21
+ 22
+ 23
+ 24
+ 25
+ 26
+ 27
+ 28
+ 29
+ 30
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+ 21
+ 22
+ 23
+ 24
+ 25
+ 26
+ 27
+ 28
+ 29
+ 30
+(20 rows)
+
+WITH t AS (
+	SELECT a FROM y
+)
+UPDATE y SET a = y.a-10 FROM t WHERE y.a > 20 AND t.a = y.a RETURNING y.a;
+ a  
+----
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+ 15
+ 16
+ 17
+ 18
+ 19
+ 20
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+ 15
+ 16
+ 17
+ 18
+ 19
+ 20
+(20 rows)
+
+WITH RECURSIVE t(a) AS (
+	SELECT 11
+	UNION ALL
+	SELECT a+1 FROM t WHERE a < 50
+)
+DELETE FROM y USING t WHERE t.a = y.a RETURNING y.a;
+ a  
+----
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+ 15
+ 16
+ 17
+ 18
+ 19
+ 20
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+(10 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE y;
+--
+-- error cases
+--
+WITH x(n, b) AS (SELECT 1)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  WITH query "x" has 1 columns available but 2 columns specified
+LINE 1: WITH x(n, b) AS (SELECT 1)
+             ^
+-- INTERSECT
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 INTERSECT SELECT n+1 FROM x)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  recursive query "x" does not have the form non-recursive-term UNION [ALL] recursive-term
+LINE 1: WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 INTERSECT SELECT n+1 FROM x...
+                       ^
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 INTERSECT ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  recursive query "x" does not have the form non-recursive-term UNION [ALL] recursive-term
+LINE 1: WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 INTERSECT ALL SELECT n+1 FR...
+                       ^
+-- EXCEPT
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 EXCEPT SELECT n+1 FROM x)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  recursive query "x" does not have the form non-recursive-term UNION [ALL] recursive-term
+LINE 1: WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 EXCEPT SELECT n+1 FROM x)
+                       ^
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 EXCEPT ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  recursive query "x" does not have the form non-recursive-term UNION [ALL] recursive-term
+LINE 1: WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 EXCEPT ALL SELECT n+1 FROM ...
+                       ^
+-- no non-recursive term
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT n FROM x)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  recursive query "x" does not have the form non-recursive-term UNION [ALL] recursive-term
+LINE 1: WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT n FROM x)
+                       ^
+-- recursive term in the left hand side (strictly speaking, should allow this)
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT n FROM x UNION ALL SELECT 1)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  recursive reference to query "x" must not appear within its non-recursive term
+LINE 1: WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT n FROM x UNION ALL SELECT 1)
+                                              ^
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE y (a INTEGER);
+INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10);
+-- LEFT JOIN
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1
+	UNION ALL
+	SELECT x.n+1 FROM y LEFT JOIN x ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  recursive reference to query "x" must not appear within an outer join
+LINE 3:  SELECT x.n+1 FROM y LEFT JOIN x ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
+                                       ^
+-- RIGHT JOIN
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1
+	UNION ALL
+	SELECT x.n+1 FROM x RIGHT JOIN y ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  recursive reference to query "x" must not appear within an outer join
+LINE 3:  SELECT x.n+1 FROM x RIGHT JOIN y ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
+                           ^
+-- FULL JOIN
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1
+	UNION ALL
+	SELECT x.n+1 FROM x FULL JOIN y ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  recursive reference to query "x" must not appear within an outer join
+LINE 3:  SELECT x.n+1 FROM x FULL JOIN y ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
+                           ^
+-- subquery
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x
+                          WHERE n IN (SELECT * FROM x))
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  recursive reference to query "x" must not appear within a subquery
+LINE 2:                           WHERE n IN (SELECT * FROM x))
+                                                            ^
+-- aggregate functions
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT count(*) FROM x)
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in a recursive query's recursive term
+LINE 1: WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT count(*) F...
+                                                          ^
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT sum(n) FROM x)
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in a recursive query's recursive term
+LINE 1: WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT sum(n) FRO...
+                                                          ^
+-- ORDER BY
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x ORDER BY 1)
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  ORDER BY in a recursive query is not implemented
+LINE 1: ...VE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x ORDER BY 1)
+                                                                     ^
+-- LIMIT/OFFSET
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x LIMIT 10 OFFSET 1)
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  OFFSET in a recursive query is not implemented
+LINE 1: ... AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x LIMIT 10 OFFSET 1)
+                                                                     ^
+-- FOR UPDATE
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x FOR UPDATE)
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  FOR UPDATE/SHARE in a recursive query is not implemented
+-- target list has a recursive query name
+WITH RECURSIVE x(id) AS (values (1)
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT (SELECT * FROM x) FROM x WHERE id < 5
+) SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  recursive reference to query "x" must not appear within a subquery
+LINE 3:     SELECT (SELECT * FROM x) FROM x WHERE id < 5
+                                  ^
+-- mutual recursive query (not implemented)
+WITH RECURSIVE
+  x (id) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM y WHERE id < 5),
+  y (id) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  mutual recursion between WITH items is not implemented
+LINE 2:   x (id) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM y WHERE id ...
+          ^
+-- non-linear recursion is not allowed
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+    (values (1)
+    UNION ALL
+       (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
+          UNION ALL
+       SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  recursive reference to query "foo" must not appear more than once
+LINE 6:        SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
+                               ^
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+    (values (1)
+    UNION ALL
+	   SELECT * FROM
+       (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
+          UNION ALL
+       SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5) AS t
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  recursive reference to query "foo" must not appear more than once
+LINE 7:        SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5) AS t
+                               ^
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+    (values (1)
+    UNION ALL
+       (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
+          EXCEPT
+       SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  recursive reference to query "foo" must not appear within EXCEPT
+LINE 6:        SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
+                               ^
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+    (values (1)
+    UNION ALL
+       (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
+          INTERSECT
+       SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  recursive reference to query "foo" must not appear more than once
+LINE 6:        SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
+                               ^
+-- Wrong type induced from non-recursive term
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+   (SELECT i FROM (VALUES(1),(2)) t(i)
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT (i+1)::numeric(10,0) FROM foo WHERE i < 10)
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  recursive query "foo" column 1 has type integer in non-recursive term but type numeric overall
+LINE 2:    (SELECT i FROM (VALUES(1),(2)) t(i)
+                   ^
+HINT:  Cast the output of the non-recursive term to the correct type.
+-- rejects different typmod, too (should we allow this?)
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+   (SELECT i::numeric(3,0) FROM (VALUES(1),(2)) t(i)
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT (i+1)::numeric(10,0) FROM foo WHERE i < 10)
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+ERROR:  recursive query "foo" column 1 has type numeric(3,0) in non-recursive term but type numeric overall
+LINE 2:    (SELECT i::numeric(3,0) FROM (VALUES(1),(2)) t(i)
+                   ^
+HINT:  Cast the output of the non-recursive term to the correct type.
+-- disallow OLD/NEW reference in CTE
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE x (n integer);
+CREATE RULE r2 AS ON UPDATE TO x DO INSTEAD
+    WITH t AS (SELECT OLD.*) UPDATE y SET a = t.n FROM t;
+ERROR:  cannot refer to OLD within WITH query
+--
+-- test for bug #4902
+--
+with cte(foo) as ( values(42) ) values((select foo from cte));
+ column1 
+---------
+      42
+(1 row)
+
+with cte(foo) as ( select 42 ) select * from ((select foo from cte)) q;
+ foo 
+-----
+  42
+(1 row)
+
+-- test CTE referencing an outer-level variable (to see that changed-parameter
+-- signaling still works properly after fixing this bug)
+select ( with cte(foo) as ( values(f1) )
+         select (select foo from cte) )
+from int4_tbl;
+     foo     
+-------------
+           0
+      123456
+     -123456
+  2147483647
+ -2147483647
+(5 rows)
+
+select ( with cte(foo) as ( values(f1) )
+          values((select foo from cte)) )
+from int4_tbl;
+   column1   
+-------------
+           0
+      123456
+     -123456
+  2147483647
+ -2147483647
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- test for nested-recursive-WITH bug
+--
+WITH RECURSIVE t(j) AS (
+    WITH RECURSIVE s(i) AS (
+        VALUES (1)
+        UNION ALL
+        SELECT i+1 FROM s WHERE i < 10
+    )
+    SELECT i FROM s
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT j+1 FROM t WHERE j < 10
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ j  
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+  9
+ 10
+ 10
+(55 rows)
+
+--
+-- test WITH attached to intermediate-level set operation
+--
+WITH outermost(x) AS (
+  SELECT 1
+  UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2)
+         SELECT * FROM innermost
+         UNION SELECT 3)
+)
+SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
+ x 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(3 rows)
+
+WITH outermost(x) AS (
+  SELECT 1
+  UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2)
+         SELECT * FROM outermost  -- fail
+         UNION SELECT * FROM innermost)
+)
+SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
+ERROR:  relation "outermost" does not exist
+LINE 4:          SELECT * FROM outermost  -- fail
+                               ^
+DETAIL:  There is a WITH item named "outermost", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.
+HINT:  Use WITH RECURSIVE, or re-order the WITH items to remove forward references.
+WITH RECURSIVE outermost(x) AS (
+  SELECT 1
+  UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2)
+         SELECT * FROM outermost
+         UNION SELECT * FROM innermost)
+)
+SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
+ x 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+(2 rows)
+
+WITH RECURSIVE outermost(x) AS (
+  WITH innermost as (SELECT 2 FROM outermost) -- fail
+    SELECT * FROM innermost
+    UNION SELECT * from outermost
+)
+SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
+ERROR:  recursive reference to query "outermost" must not appear within a subquery
+LINE 2:   WITH innermost as (SELECT 2 FROM outermost) -- fail
+                                           ^
+--
+-- This test will fail with the old implementation of PARAM_EXEC parameter
+-- assignment, because the "q1" Var passed down to A's targetlist subselect
+-- looks exactly like the "A.id" Var passed down to C's subselect, causing
+-- the old code to give them the same runtime PARAM_EXEC slot.  But the
+-- lifespans of the two parameters overlap, thanks to B also reading A.
+--
+with
+A as ( select q2 as id, (select q1) as x from int8_tbl ),
+B as ( select id, row_number() over (partition by id) as r from A ),
+C as ( select A.id, array(select B.id from B where B.id = A.id) from A )
+select * from C;
+        id         |                array                
+-------------------+-------------------------------------
+               456 | {456}
+  4567890123456789 | {4567890123456789,4567890123456789}
+               123 | {123}
+  4567890123456789 | {4567890123456789,4567890123456789}
+ -4567890123456789 | {-4567890123456789}
+(5 rows)
+
+--
+-- Test CTEs read in non-initialization orders
+--
+WITH RECURSIVE
+  tab(id_key,link) AS (VALUES (1,17), (2,17), (3,17), (4,17), (6,17), (5,17)),
+  iter (id_key, row_type, link) AS (
+      SELECT 0, 'base', 17
+    UNION ALL (
+      WITH remaining(id_key, row_type, link, min) AS (
+        SELECT tab.id_key, 'true'::text, iter.link, MIN(tab.id_key) OVER ()
+        FROM tab INNER JOIN iter USING (link)
+        WHERE tab.id_key > iter.id_key
+      ),
+      first_remaining AS (
+        SELECT id_key, row_type, link
+        FROM remaining
+        WHERE id_key=min
+      ),
+      effect AS (
+        SELECT tab.id_key, 'new'::text, tab.link
+        FROM first_remaining e INNER JOIN tab ON e.id_key=tab.id_key
+        WHERE e.row_type = 'false'
+      )
+      SELECT * FROM first_remaining
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM effect
+    )
+  )
+SELECT * FROM iter;
+ id_key | row_type | link 
+--------+----------+------
+      0 | base     |   17
+      1 | true     |   17
+      2 | true     |   17
+      3 | true     |   17
+      4 | true     |   17
+      5 | true     |   17
+      6 | true     |   17
+(7 rows)
+
+WITH RECURSIVE
+  tab(id_key,link) AS (VALUES (1,17), (2,17), (3,17), (4,17), (6,17), (5,17)),
+  iter (id_key, row_type, link) AS (
+      SELECT 0, 'base', 17
+    UNION (
+      WITH remaining(id_key, row_type, link, min) AS (
+        SELECT tab.id_key, 'true'::text, iter.link, MIN(tab.id_key) OVER ()
+        FROM tab INNER JOIN iter USING (link)
+        WHERE tab.id_key > iter.id_key
+      ),
+      first_remaining AS (
+        SELECT id_key, row_type, link
+        FROM remaining
+        WHERE id_key=min
+      ),
+      effect AS (
+        SELECT tab.id_key, 'new'::text, tab.link
+        FROM first_remaining e INNER JOIN tab ON e.id_key=tab.id_key
+        WHERE e.row_type = 'false'
+      )
+      SELECT * FROM first_remaining
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM effect
+    )
+  )
+SELECT * FROM iter;
+ id_key | row_type | link 
+--------+----------+------
+      0 | base     |   17
+      1 | true     |   17
+      2 | true     |   17
+      3 | true     |   17
+      4 | true     |   17
+      5 | true     |   17
+      6 | true     |   17
+(7 rows)
+
+--
+-- Data-modifying statements in WITH
+--
+-- INSERT ... RETURNING
+WITH t AS (
+    INSERT INTO y
+    VALUES
+        (11),
+        (12),
+        (13),
+        (14),
+        (15),
+        (16),
+        (17),
+        (18),
+        (19),
+        (20)
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ a  
+----
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+ 15
+ 16
+ 17
+ 18
+ 19
+ 20
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+ 15
+ 16
+ 17
+ 18
+ 19
+ 20
+(20 rows)
+
+-- UPDATE ... RETURNING
+WITH t AS (
+    UPDATE y
+    SET a=a+1
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ a  
+----
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+ 15
+ 16
+ 17
+ 18
+ 19
+ 20
+ 21
+(20 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+ 15
+ 16
+ 17
+ 18
+ 19
+ 20
+ 21
+(20 rows)
+
+-- DELETE ... RETURNING
+WITH t AS (
+    DELETE FROM y
+    WHERE a <= 10
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ a  
+----
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+(9 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+ 15
+ 16
+ 17
+ 18
+ 19
+ 20
+ 21
+(11 rows)
+
+-- forward reference
+WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y
+		SELECT a+5 FROM t2 WHERE a > 5
+	RETURNING *
+), t2 AS (
+	UPDATE y SET a=a-11 RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t
+UNION ALL
+SELECT * FROM t2;
+ a  
+----
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+ 15
+  0
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+  0
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+ 11
+  7
+ 12
+  8
+ 13
+  9
+ 14
+ 10
+ 15
+(16 rows)
+
+-- unconditional DO INSTEAD rule
+CREATE RULE y_rule AS ON DELETE TO y DO INSTEAD
+  INSERT INTO y VALUES(42) RETURNING *;
+WITH t AS (
+	DELETE FROM y RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ a  
+----
+ 42
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+  0
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+ 11
+  7
+ 12
+  8
+ 13
+  9
+ 14
+ 10
+ 15
+ 42
+(17 rows)
+
+DROP RULE y_rule ON y;
+-- check merging of outer CTE with CTE in a rule action
+CREATE TEMP TABLE bug6051 AS
+  select i from generate_series(1,3) as t(i);
+SELECT * FROM bug6051;
+ i 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(3 rows)
+
+WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051 RETURNING * )
+INSERT INTO bug6051 SELECT * FROM t1;
+SELECT * FROM bug6051;
+ i 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(3 rows)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE bug6051_2 (i int);
+CREATE RULE bug6051_ins AS ON INSERT TO bug6051 DO INSTEAD
+ INSERT INTO bug6051_2
+ VALUES(NEW.i);
+WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051 RETURNING * )
+INSERT INTO bug6051 SELECT * FROM t1;
+SELECT * FROM bug6051;
+ i 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM bug6051_2;
+ i 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(3 rows)
+
+-- check INSERT...SELECT rule actions are disallowed on commands
+-- that have modifyingCTEs
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE bug6051_ins AS ON INSERT TO bug6051 DO INSTEAD
+ INSERT INTO bug6051_2
+ SELECT NEW.i;
+WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051 RETURNING * )
+INSERT INTO bug6051 SELECT * FROM t1;
+ERROR:  INSERT...SELECT rule actions are not supported for queries having data-modifying statements in WITH
+-- silly example to verify that hasModifyingCTE flag is propagated
+CREATE TEMP TABLE bug6051_3 AS
+  SELECT a FROM generate_series(11,13) AS a;
+CREATE RULE bug6051_3_ins AS ON INSERT TO bug6051_3 DO INSTEAD
+  SELECT i FROM bug6051_2;
+BEGIN; SET LOCAL force_parallel_mode = on;
+WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051_3 RETURNING * )
+  INSERT INTO bug6051_3 SELECT * FROM t1;
+ i 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(9 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM bug6051_3;
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- check case where CTE reference is removed due to optimization
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT q1 FROM
+(
+  WITH t_cte AS (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t)
+  SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub
+  FROM int8_tbl i8
+) ss;
+              QUERY PLAN              
+--------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on ss
+   Output: ss.q1
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+         Output: i8.q1, NULL::bigint
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT q1 FROM
+(
+  WITH t_cte AS (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t)
+  SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub
+  FROM int8_tbl i8
+) ss;
+        q1        
+------------------
+              123
+              123
+ 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT q1 FROM
+(
+  WITH t_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t)
+  SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub
+  FROM int8_tbl i8
+) ss;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on ss
+   Output: ss.q1
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i8
+         Output: i8.q1, NULL::bigint
+         CTE t_cte
+           ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl t
+                 Output: t.q1, t.q2
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT q1 FROM
+(
+  WITH t_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t)
+  SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub
+  FROM int8_tbl i8
+) ss;
+        q1        
+------------------
+              123
+              123
+ 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789
+ 4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+-- a truly recursive CTE in the same list
+WITH RECURSIVE t(a) AS (
+	SELECT 0
+		UNION ALL
+	SELECT a+1 FROM t WHERE a+1 < 5
+), t2 as (
+	INSERT INTO y
+		SELECT * FROM t RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t2 JOIN y USING (a) ORDER BY a;
+ a 
+---
+ 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+  0
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+ 11
+  7
+ 12
+  8
+ 13
+  9
+ 14
+ 10
+ 15
+ 42
+  0
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+(22 rows)
+
+-- data-modifying WITH in a modifying statement
+WITH t AS (
+    DELETE FROM y
+    WHERE a <= 10
+    RETURNING *
+)
+INSERT INTO y SELECT -a FROM t RETURNING *;
+  a  
+-----
+   0
+  -1
+  -2
+  -3
+  -4
+  -5
+  -6
+  -7
+  -8
+  -9
+ -10
+   0
+  -1
+  -2
+  -3
+  -4
+(16 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+  a  
+-----
+  11
+  12
+  13
+  14
+  15
+  42
+   0
+  -1
+  -2
+  -3
+  -4
+  -5
+  -6
+  -7
+  -8
+  -9
+ -10
+   0
+  -1
+  -2
+  -3
+  -4
+(22 rows)
+
+-- check that WITH query is run to completion even if outer query isn't
+WITH t AS (
+    UPDATE y SET a = a * 100 RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10;
+  a   
+------
+ 1100
+ 1200
+ 1300
+ 1400
+ 1500
+ 4200
+    0
+ -100
+ -200
+ -300
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+   a   
+-------
+  1100
+  1200
+  1300
+  1400
+  1500
+  4200
+     0
+  -100
+  -200
+  -300
+  -400
+  -500
+  -600
+  -700
+  -800
+  -900
+ -1000
+     0
+  -100
+  -200
+  -300
+  -400
+(22 rows)
+
+-- data-modifying WITH containing INSERT...ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
+CREATE TABLE withz AS SELECT i AS k, (i || ' v')::text v FROM generate_series(1, 16, 3) i;
+ALTER TABLE withz ADD UNIQUE (k);
+WITH t AS (
+    INSERT INTO withz SELECT i, 'insert'
+    FROM generate_series(0, 16) i
+    ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = withz.v || ', now update'
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t JOIN y ON t.k = y.a ORDER BY a, k;
+ k |   v    | a 
+---+--------+---
+ 0 | insert | 0
+ 0 | insert | 0
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Test EXCLUDED.* reference within CTE
+WITH aa AS (
+    INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 5) ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = EXCLUDED.v
+    WHERE withz.k != EXCLUDED.k
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM aa;
+ k | v 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- New query/snapshot demonstrates side-effects of previous query.
+SELECT * FROM withz ORDER BY k;
+ k  |        v         
+----+------------------
+  0 | insert
+  1 | 1 v, now update
+  2 | insert
+  3 | insert
+  4 | 4 v, now update
+  5 | insert
+  6 | insert
+  7 | 7 v, now update
+  8 | insert
+  9 | insert
+ 10 | 10 v, now update
+ 11 | insert
+ 12 | insert
+ 13 | 13 v, now update
+ 14 | insert
+ 15 | insert
+ 16 | 16 v, now update
+(17 rows)
+
+--
+-- Ensure subqueries within the update clause work, even if they
+-- reference outside values
+--
+WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert')
+ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1);
+WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert')
+ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = ' update' WHERE withz.k = (SELECT a FROM aa);
+WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert')
+ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1);
+WITH aa AS (SELECT 'a' a, 'b' b UNION ALL SELECT 'a' a, 'b' b)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert')
+ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 'a' LIMIT 1);
+WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, (SELECT b || ' insert' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 ))
+ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1);
+-- Update a row more than once, in different parts of a wCTE. That is
+-- an allowed, presumably very rare, edge case, but since it was
+-- broken in the past, having a test seems worthwhile.
+WITH simpletup AS (
+  SELECT 2 k, 'Green' v),
+upsert_cte AS (
+  INSERT INTO withz VALUES(2, 'Blue') ON CONFLICT (k) DO
+    UPDATE SET (k, v) = (SELECT k, v FROM simpletup WHERE simpletup.k = withz.k)
+    RETURNING k, v)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(2, 'Red') ON CONFLICT (k) DO
+UPDATE SET (k, v) = (SELECT k, v FROM upsert_cte WHERE upsert_cte.k = withz.k)
+RETURNING k, v;
+ k | v 
+---+---
+(0 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE withz;
+-- WITH referenced by MERGE statement
+CREATE TABLE m AS SELECT i AS k, (i || ' v')::text v FROM generate_series(1, 16, 3) i;
+ALTER TABLE m ADD UNIQUE (k);
+WITH RECURSIVE cte_basic AS (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v) o ON m.k=o.k
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
+ERROR:  WITH RECURSIVE is not supported for MERGE statement
+-- Basic:
+WITH cte_basic AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
+-- Examine
+SELECT * FROM m where k = 0;
+ k |          v           
+---+----------------------
+ 0 | merge source SubPlan
+(1 row)
+
+-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+WITH cte_basic AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
+                            QUERY PLAN                             
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge on public.m
+   CTE cte_basic
+     ->  Result
+           Output: 1, 'cte_basic val'::text
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Output: m.ctid, o.k, o.v, o.*
+         Hash Cond: (m.k = o.k)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.m
+               Output: m.ctid, m.k
+         ->  Hash
+               Output: o.k, o.v, o.*
+               ->  Subquery Scan on o
+                     Output: o.k, o.v, o.*
+                     ->  Result
+                           Output: 0, 'merge source SubPlan'::text
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Limit
+           Output: ((cte_basic.b || ' merge update'::text))
+           ->  CTE Scan on cte_basic
+                 Output: (cte_basic.b || ' merge update'::text)
+                 Filter: (cte_basic.a = m.k)
+(21 rows)
+
+-- InitPlan
+WITH cte_init AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_init val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select 1 k, 'merge source InitPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_init WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
+-- Examine
+SELECT * FROM m where k = 1;
+ k |             v             
+---+---------------------------
+ 1 | cte_init val merge update
+(1 row)
+
+-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+WITH cte_init AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_init val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select 1 k, 'merge source InitPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_init WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
+                             QUERY PLAN                             
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge on public.m
+   CTE cte_init
+     ->  Result
+           Output: 1, 'cte_init val'::text
+   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
+     ->  Limit
+           Output: ((cte_init.b || ' merge update'::text))
+           ->  CTE Scan on cte_init
+                 Output: (cte_init.b || ' merge update'::text)
+                 Filter: (cte_init.a = 1)
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Output: m.ctid, o.k, o.v, o.*
+         Hash Cond: (m.k = o.k)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.m
+               Output: m.ctid, m.k
+         ->  Hash
+               Output: o.k, o.v, o.*
+               ->  Subquery Scan on o
+                     Output: o.k, o.v, o.*
+                     ->  Result
+                           Output: 1, 'merge source InitPlan'::text
+(21 rows)
+
+-- MERGE source comes from CTE:
+WITH merge_source_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 15 a, 'merge_source_cte val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select * from merge_source_cte) o ON m.k=o.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge update' FROM merge_source_cte WHERE a = 15)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.a, o.b || (SELECT merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge insert' FROM merge_source_cte));
+-- Examine
+SELECT * FROM m where k = 15;
+ k  |                              v                               
+----+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ 15 | merge_source_cte val(15,"merge_source_cte val") merge insert
+(1 row)
+
+-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+WITH merge_source_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 15 a, 'merge_source_cte val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select * from merge_source_cte) o ON m.k=o.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge update' FROM merge_source_cte WHERE a = 15)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.a, o.b || (SELECT merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge insert' FROM merge_source_cte));
+                                             QUERY PLAN                                              
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Merge on public.m
+   CTE merge_source_cte
+     ->  Result
+           Output: 15, 'merge_source_cte val'::text
+   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
+     ->  CTE Scan on merge_source_cte merge_source_cte_1
+           Output: ((merge_source_cte_1.b || (merge_source_cte_1.*)::text) || ' merge update'::text)
+           Filter: (merge_source_cte_1.a = 15)
+   InitPlan 3 (returns $2)
+     ->  CTE Scan on merge_source_cte merge_source_cte_2
+           Output: ((merge_source_cte_2.*)::text || ' merge insert'::text)
+   ->  Hash Right Join
+         Output: m.ctid, merge_source_cte.a, merge_source_cte.b, merge_source_cte.*
+         Hash Cond: (m.k = merge_source_cte.a)
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.m
+               Output: m.ctid, m.k
+         ->  Hash
+               Output: merge_source_cte.a, merge_source_cte.b, merge_source_cte.*
+               ->  CTE Scan on merge_source_cte
+                     Output: merge_source_cte.a, merge_source_cte.b, merge_source_cte.*
+(20 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE m;
+-- check that run to completion happens in proper ordering
+TRUNCATE TABLE y;
+INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 3);
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE yy (a INTEGER);
+WITH RECURSIVE t1 AS (
+  INSERT INTO y SELECT * FROM y RETURNING *
+), t2 AS (
+  INSERT INTO yy SELECT * FROM t1 RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM yy;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(3 rows)
+
+WITH RECURSIVE t1 AS (
+  INSERT INTO yy SELECT * FROM t2 RETURNING *
+), t2 AS (
+  INSERT INTO y SELECT * FROM y RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT 1;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+        1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(12 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM yy;
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+(9 rows)
+
+-- triggers
+TRUNCATE TABLE y;
+INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10);
+CREATE FUNCTION y_trigger() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'y_trigger: a = %', new.a;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER y_trig BEFORE INSERT ON y FOR EACH ROW
+    EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger();
+WITH t AS (
+    INSERT INTO y
+    VALUES
+        (21),
+        (22),
+        (23)
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+NOTICE:  y_trigger: a = 21
+NOTICE:  y_trigger: a = 22
+NOTICE:  y_trigger: a = 23
+ a  
+----
+ 21
+ 22
+ 23
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+ 21
+ 22
+ 23
+(13 rows)
+
+DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y;
+CREATE TRIGGER y_trig AFTER INSERT ON y FOR EACH ROW
+    EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger();
+WITH t AS (
+    INSERT INTO y
+    VALUES
+        (31),
+        (32),
+        (33)
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 1;
+NOTICE:  y_trigger: a = 31
+NOTICE:  y_trigger: a = 32
+NOTICE:  y_trigger: a = 33
+ a  
+----
+ 31
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+ 21
+ 22
+ 23
+ 31
+ 32
+ 33
+(16 rows)
+
+DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y;
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION y_trigger() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'y_trigger';
+  return null;
+end;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER y_trig AFTER INSERT ON y FOR EACH STATEMENT
+    EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger();
+WITH t AS (
+    INSERT INTO y
+    VALUES
+        (41),
+        (42),
+        (43)
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+NOTICE:  y_trigger
+ a  
+----
+ 41
+ 42
+ 43
+(3 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+ a  
+----
+  1
+  2
+  3
+  4
+  5
+  6
+  7
+  8
+  9
+ 10
+ 21
+ 22
+ 23
+ 31
+ 32
+ 33
+ 41
+ 42
+ 43
+(19 rows)
+
+DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y;
+DROP FUNCTION y_trigger();
+-- WITH attached to inherited UPDATE or DELETE
+CREATE TEMP TABLE parent ( id int, val text );
+CREATE TEMP TABLE child1 ( ) INHERITS ( parent );
+CREATE TEMP TABLE child2 ( ) INHERITS ( parent );
+INSERT INTO parent VALUES ( 1, 'p1' );
+INSERT INTO child1 VALUES ( 11, 'c11' ),( 12, 'c12' );
+INSERT INTO child2 VALUES ( 23, 'c21' ),( 24, 'c22' );
+WITH rcte AS ( SELECT sum(id) AS totalid FROM parent )
+UPDATE parent SET id = id + totalid FROM rcte;
+SELECT * FROM parent;
+ id | val 
+----+-----
+ 72 | p1
+ 82 | c11
+ 83 | c12
+ 94 | c21
+ 95 | c22
+(5 rows)
+
+WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO child1 VALUES ( 42, 'new' ) RETURNING id AS newid )
+UPDATE parent SET id = id + newid FROM wcte;
+SELECT * FROM parent;
+ id  | val 
+-----+-----
+ 114 | p1
+  42 | new
+ 124 | c11
+ 125 | c12
+ 136 | c21
+ 137 | c22
+(6 rows)
+
+WITH rcte AS ( SELECT max(id) AS maxid FROM parent )
+DELETE FROM parent USING rcte WHERE id = maxid;
+SELECT * FROM parent;
+ id  | val 
+-----+-----
+ 114 | p1
+  42 | new
+ 124 | c11
+ 125 | c12
+ 136 | c21
+(5 rows)
+
+WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO child2 VALUES ( 42, 'new2' ) RETURNING id AS newid )
+DELETE FROM parent USING wcte WHERE id = newid;
+SELECT * FROM parent;
+ id  | val  
+-----+------
+ 114 | p1
+ 124 | c11
+ 125 | c12
+ 136 | c21
+  42 | new2
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check EXPLAIN VERBOSE for a wCTE with RETURNING
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO int8_tbl VALUES ( 42, 47 ) RETURNING q2 )
+DELETE FROM a_star USING wcte WHERE aa = q2;
+                                QUERY PLAN                                 
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.a_star
+   Delete on public.a_star a_star_1
+   Delete on public.b_star a_star_2
+   Delete on public.c_star a_star_3
+   Delete on public.d_star a_star_4
+   Delete on public.e_star a_star_5
+   Delete on public.f_star a_star_6
+   CTE wcte
+     ->  Insert on public.int8_tbl
+           Output: int8_tbl.q2
+           ->  Result
+                 Output: '42'::bigint, '47'::bigint
+   ->  Hash Join
+         Output: wcte.*, a_star.tableoid, a_star.ctid
+         Hash Cond: (a_star.aa = wcte.q2)
+         ->  Append
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.a_star a_star_1
+                     Output: a_star_1.aa, a_star_1.tableoid, a_star_1.ctid
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.b_star a_star_2
+                     Output: a_star_2.aa, a_star_2.tableoid, a_star_2.ctid
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.c_star a_star_3
+                     Output: a_star_3.aa, a_star_3.tableoid, a_star_3.ctid
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.d_star a_star_4
+                     Output: a_star_4.aa, a_star_4.tableoid, a_star_4.ctid
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.e_star a_star_5
+                     Output: a_star_5.aa, a_star_5.tableoid, a_star_5.ctid
+               ->  Seq Scan on public.f_star a_star_6
+                     Output: a_star_6.aa, a_star_6.tableoid, a_star_6.ctid
+         ->  Hash
+               Output: wcte.*, wcte.q2
+               ->  CTE Scan on wcte
+                     Output: wcte.*, wcte.q2
+(32 rows)
+
+-- error cases
+-- data-modifying WITH tries to use its own output
+WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y
+		SELECT * FROM t
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+ERROR:  recursive query "t" must not contain data-modifying statements
+LINE 1: WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
+                       ^
+-- no RETURNING in a referenced data-modifying WITH
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+ERROR:  WITH query "t" does not have a RETURNING clause
+LINE 4: SELECT * FROM t;
+                      ^
+-- data-modifying WITH allowed only at the top level
+SELECT * FROM (
+	WITH t AS (UPDATE y SET a=a+1 RETURNING *)
+	SELECT * FROM t
+) ss;
+ERROR:  WITH clause containing a data-modifying statement must be at the top level
+LINE 2:  WITH t AS (UPDATE y SET a=a+1 RETURNING *)
+              ^
+-- most variants of rules aren't allowed
+CREATE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y WHERE a=0 DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM y;
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+ERROR:  conditional DO INSTEAD rules are not supported for data-modifying statements in WITH
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y DO INSTEAD NOTHING;
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+ERROR:  DO INSTEAD NOTHING rules are not supported for data-modifying statements in WITH
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y DO INSTEAD NOTIFY foo;
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+ERROR:  DO INSTEAD NOTIFY rules are not supported for data-modifying statements in WITH
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y DO ALSO NOTIFY foo;
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+ERROR:  DO ALSO rules are not supported for data-modifying statements in WITH
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y
+  DO INSTEAD (NOTIFY foo; NOTIFY bar);
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+ERROR:  multi-statement DO INSTEAD rules are not supported for data-modifying statements in WITH
+DROP RULE y_rule ON y;
+-- check that parser lookahead for WITH doesn't cause any odd behavior
+create table foo (with baz);  -- fail, WITH is a reserved word
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "with"
+LINE 1: create table foo (with baz);
+                          ^
+create table foo (with ordinality);  -- fail, WITH is a reserved word
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "with"
+LINE 1: create table foo (with ordinality);
+                          ^
+with ordinality as (select 1 as x) select * from ordinality;
+ x 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+-- check sane response to attempt to modify CTE relation
+WITH with_test AS (SELECT 42) INSERT INTO with_test VALUES (1);
+ERROR:  relation "with_test" does not exist
+LINE 1: WITH with_test AS (SELECT 42) INSERT INTO with_test VALUES (...
+                                                  ^
+-- check response to attempt to modify table with same name as a CTE (perhaps
+-- surprisingly it works, because CTEs don't hide tables from data-modifying
+-- statements)
+create temp table with_test (i int);
+with with_test as (select 42) insert into with_test select * from with_test;
+select * from with_test;
+ i  
+----
+ 42
+(1 row)
+
+drop table with_test;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/write_parallel.out b/src/test/regress/expected/write_parallel.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc0c4ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/write_parallel.out
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+--
+-- PARALLEL
+--
+begin;
+-- encourage use of parallel plans
+set parallel_setup_cost=0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost=0;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size=0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather=4;
+--
+-- Test write operations that has an underlying query that is eligible
+-- for parallel plans
+--
+explain (costs off) create table parallel_write as
+    select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize HashAggregate
+   Group Key: (length((stringu1)::text))
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial HashAggregate
+               Group Key: length((stringu1)::text)
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(7 rows)
+
+create table parallel_write as
+    select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+drop table parallel_write;
+explain (costs off) select length(stringu1) into parallel_write
+    from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize HashAggregate
+   Group Key: (length((stringu1)::text))
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial HashAggregate
+               Group Key: length((stringu1)::text)
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(7 rows)
+
+select length(stringu1) into parallel_write
+    from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+drop table parallel_write;
+explain (costs off) create materialized view parallel_mat_view as
+    select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize HashAggregate
+   Group Key: (length((stringu1)::text))
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial HashAggregate
+               Group Key: length((stringu1)::text)
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(7 rows)
+
+create materialized view parallel_mat_view as
+    select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+create unique index on parallel_mat_view(length);
+refresh materialized view parallel_mat_view;
+refresh materialized view concurrently parallel_mat_view;
+drop materialized view parallel_mat_view;
+prepare prep_stmt as select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+explain (costs off) create table parallel_write as execute prep_stmt;
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ Finalize HashAggregate
+   Group Key: (length((stringu1)::text))
+   ->  Gather
+         Workers Planned: 4
+         ->  Partial HashAggregate
+               Group Key: length((stringu1)::text)
+               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on tenk1
+(7 rows)
+
+create table parallel_write as execute prep_stmt;
+drop table parallel_write;
+rollback;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/xid.out b/src/test/regress/expected/xid.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8e76f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/xid.out
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+-- xid and xid8
+-- values in range, in octal, decimal, hex
+select '010'::xid,
+       '42'::xid,
+       '0xffffffff'::xid,
+       '-1'::xid,
+	   '010'::xid8,
+	   '42'::xid8,
+	   '0xffffffffffffffff'::xid8,
+	   '-1'::xid8;
+ xid | xid |    xid     |    xid     | xid8 | xid8 |         xid8         |         xid8         
+-----+-----+------------+------------+------+------+----------------------+----------------------
+   8 |  42 | 4294967295 | 4294967295 |    8 |   42 | 18446744073709551615 | 18446744073709551615
+(1 row)
+
+-- garbage values are not yet rejected (perhaps they should be)
+select ''::xid;
+ xid 
+-----
+   0
+(1 row)
+
+select 'asdf'::xid;
+ xid 
+-----
+   0
+(1 row)
+
+select ''::xid8;
+ xid8 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+select 'asdf'::xid8;
+ xid8 
+------
+    0
+(1 row)
+
+-- equality
+select '1'::xid = '1'::xid;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select '1'::xid != '1'::xid;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select '1'::xid8 = '1'::xid8;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select '1'::xid8 != '1'::xid8;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- conversion
+select '1'::xid = '1'::xid8::xid;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+select '1'::xid != '1'::xid8::xid;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- we don't want relational operators for xid, due to use of modular arithmetic
+select '1'::xid < '2'::xid;
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: xid < xid
+LINE 1: select '1'::xid < '2'::xid;
+                        ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select '1'::xid <= '2'::xid;
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: xid <= xid
+LINE 1: select '1'::xid <= '2'::xid;
+                        ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select '1'::xid > '2'::xid;
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: xid > xid
+LINE 1: select '1'::xid > '2'::xid;
+                        ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+select '1'::xid >= '2'::xid;
+ERROR:  operator does not exist: xid >= xid
+LINE 1: select '1'::xid >= '2'::xid;
+                        ^
+HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+-- we want them for xid8 though
+select '1'::xid8 < '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 < '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 < '1'::xid8;
+ ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------+----------
+ t        | f        | f
+(1 row)
+
+select '1'::xid8 <= '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 <= '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 <= '1'::xid8;
+ ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------+----------
+ t        | t        | f
+(1 row)
+
+select '1'::xid8 > '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 > '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 > '1'::xid8;
+ ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------+----------
+ f        | f        | t
+(1 row)
+
+select '1'::xid8 >= '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 >= '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 >= '1'::xid8;
+ ?column? | ?column? | ?column? 
+----------+----------+----------
+ f        | t        | t
+(1 row)
+
+-- we also have a 3way compare for btrees
+select xid8cmp('1', '2'), xid8cmp('2', '2'), xid8cmp('2', '1');
+ xid8cmp | xid8cmp | xid8cmp 
+---------+---------+---------
+      -1 |       0 |       1
+(1 row)
+
+-- min() and max() for xid8
+create table xid8_t1 (x xid8);
+insert into xid8_t1 values ('0'), ('010'), ('42'), ('0xffffffffffffffff'), ('-1');
+select min(x), max(x) from xid8_t1;
+ min |         max          
+-----+----------------------
+   0 | 18446744073709551615
+(1 row)
+
+-- xid8 has btree and hash opclasses
+create index on xid8_t1 using btree(x);
+create index on xid8_t1 using hash(x);
+drop table xid8_t1;
+-- pg_snapshot data type and related functions
+-- Note: another set of tests similar to this exists in txid.sql, for a limited
+-- time (the relevant functions share C code)
+-- i/o
+select '12:13:'::pg_snapshot;
+ pg_snapshot 
+-------------
+ 12:13:
+(1 row)
+
+select '12:18:14,16'::pg_snapshot;
+ pg_snapshot 
+-------------
+ 12:18:14,16
+(1 row)
+
+select '12:16:14,14'::pg_snapshot;
+ pg_snapshot 
+-------------
+ 12:16:14
+(1 row)
+
+-- errors
+select '31:12:'::pg_snapshot;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_snapshot: "31:12:"
+LINE 1: select '31:12:'::pg_snapshot;
+               ^
+select '0:1:'::pg_snapshot;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_snapshot: "0:1:"
+LINE 1: select '0:1:'::pg_snapshot;
+               ^
+select '12:13:0'::pg_snapshot;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_snapshot: "12:13:0"
+LINE 1: select '12:13:0'::pg_snapshot;
+               ^
+select '12:16:14,13'::pg_snapshot;
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_snapshot: "12:16:14,13"
+LINE 1: select '12:16:14,13'::pg_snapshot;
+               ^
+create temp table snapshot_test (
+	nr	integer,
+	snap	pg_snapshot
+);
+insert into snapshot_test values (1, '12:13:');
+insert into snapshot_test values (2, '12:20:13,15,18');
+insert into snapshot_test values (3, '100001:100009:100005,100007,100008');
+insert into snapshot_test values (4, '100:150:101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131');
+select snap from snapshot_test order by nr;
+                                                                snap                                                                 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 12:13:
+ 12:20:13,15,18
+ 100001:100009:100005,100007,100008
+ 100:150:101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131
+(4 rows)
+
+select  pg_snapshot_xmin(snap),
+	pg_snapshot_xmax(snap),
+	pg_snapshot_xip(snap)
+from snapshot_test order by nr;
+ pg_snapshot_xmin | pg_snapshot_xmax | pg_snapshot_xip 
+------------------+------------------+-----------------
+               12 |               20 |              13
+               12 |               20 |              15
+               12 |               20 |              18
+           100001 |           100009 |          100005
+           100001 |           100009 |          100007
+           100001 |           100009 |          100008
+              100 |              150 |             101
+              100 |              150 |             102
+              100 |              150 |             103
+              100 |              150 |             104
+              100 |              150 |             105
+              100 |              150 |             106
+              100 |              150 |             107
+              100 |              150 |             108
+              100 |              150 |             109
+              100 |              150 |             110
+              100 |              150 |             111
+              100 |              150 |             112
+              100 |              150 |             113
+              100 |              150 |             114
+              100 |              150 |             115
+              100 |              150 |             116
+              100 |              150 |             117
+              100 |              150 |             118
+              100 |              150 |             119
+              100 |              150 |             120
+              100 |              150 |             121
+              100 |              150 |             122
+              100 |              150 |             123
+              100 |              150 |             124
+              100 |              150 |             125
+              100 |              150 |             126
+              100 |              150 |             127
+              100 |              150 |             128
+              100 |              150 |             129
+              100 |              150 |             130
+              100 |              150 |             131
+(37 rows)
+
+select id, pg_visible_in_snapshot(id::text::xid8, snap)
+from snapshot_test, generate_series(11, 21) id
+where nr = 2;
+ id | pg_visible_in_snapshot 
+----+------------------------
+ 11 | t
+ 12 | t
+ 13 | f
+ 14 | t
+ 15 | f
+ 16 | t
+ 17 | t
+ 18 | f
+ 19 | t
+ 20 | f
+ 21 | f
+(11 rows)
+
+-- test bsearch
+select id, pg_visible_in_snapshot(id::text::xid8, snap)
+from snapshot_test, generate_series(90, 160) id
+where nr = 4;
+ id  | pg_visible_in_snapshot 
+-----+------------------------
+  90 | t
+  91 | t
+  92 | t
+  93 | t
+  94 | t
+  95 | t
+  96 | t
+  97 | t
+  98 | t
+  99 | t
+ 100 | t
+ 101 | f
+ 102 | f
+ 103 | f
+ 104 | f
+ 105 | f
+ 106 | f
+ 107 | f
+ 108 | f
+ 109 | f
+ 110 | f
+ 111 | f
+ 112 | f
+ 113 | f
+ 114 | f
+ 115 | f
+ 116 | f
+ 117 | f
+ 118 | f
+ 119 | f
+ 120 | f
+ 121 | f
+ 122 | f
+ 123 | f
+ 124 | f
+ 125 | f
+ 126 | f
+ 127 | f
+ 128 | f
+ 129 | f
+ 130 | f
+ 131 | f
+ 132 | t
+ 133 | t
+ 134 | t
+ 135 | t
+ 136 | t
+ 137 | t
+ 138 | t
+ 139 | t
+ 140 | t
+ 141 | t
+ 142 | t
+ 143 | t
+ 144 | t
+ 145 | t
+ 146 | t
+ 147 | t
+ 148 | t
+ 149 | t
+ 150 | f
+ 151 | f
+ 152 | f
+ 153 | f
+ 154 | f
+ 155 | f
+ 156 | f
+ 157 | f
+ 158 | f
+ 159 | f
+ 160 | f
+(71 rows)
+
+-- test current values also
+select pg_current_xact_id() >= pg_snapshot_xmin(pg_current_snapshot());
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- we can't assume current is always less than xmax, however
+select pg_visible_in_snapshot(pg_current_xact_id(), pg_current_snapshot());
+ pg_visible_in_snapshot 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+-- test 64bitness
+select pg_snapshot '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013';
+                             pg_snapshot                             
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_visible_in_snapshot('1000100010001012', '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013');
+ pg_visible_in_snapshot 
+------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+select pg_visible_in_snapshot('1000100010001015', '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013');
+ pg_visible_in_snapshot 
+------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- test 64bit overflow
+SELECT pg_snapshot '1:9223372036854775807:3';
+       pg_snapshot       
+-------------------------
+ 1:9223372036854775807:3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_snapshot '1:9223372036854775808:3';
+ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type pg_snapshot: "1:9223372036854775808:3"
+LINE 1: SELECT pg_snapshot '1:9223372036854775808:3';
+                           ^
+-- test pg_current_xact_id_if_assigned
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id_if_assigned() IS NULL;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id() \gset
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id_if_assigned() IS NOT DISTINCT FROM xid8 :'pg_current_xact_id';
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- test xid status functions
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id() AS committed \gset
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id() AS rolledback \gset
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id() AS inprogress \gset
+SELECT pg_xact_status(:committed::text::xid8) AS committed;
+ committed 
+-----------
+ committed
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_xact_status(:rolledback::text::xid8) AS rolledback;
+ rolledback 
+------------
+ aborted
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_xact_status(:inprogress::text::xid8) AS inprogress;
+ inprogress  
+-------------
+ in progress
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_xact_status('1'::xid8); -- BootstrapTransactionId is always committed
+ pg_xact_status 
+----------------
+ committed
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_xact_status('2'::xid8); -- FrozenTransactionId is always committed
+ pg_xact_status 
+----------------
+ committed
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pg_xact_status('3'::xid8); -- in regress testing FirstNormalTransactionId will always be behind oldestXmin
+ pg_xact_status 
+----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION test_future_xid_status(xid8)
+RETURNS void
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  PERFORM pg_xact_status($1);
+  RAISE EXCEPTION 'didn''t ERROR at xid in the future as expected';
+EXCEPTION
+  WHEN invalid_parameter_value THEN
+    RAISE NOTICE 'Got expected error for xid in the future';
+END;
+$$;
+SELECT test_future_xid_status((:inprogress + 10000)::text::xid8);
+NOTICE:  Got expected error for xid in the future
+ test_future_xid_status 
+------------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/xml.out b/src/test/regress/expected/xml.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55ac49b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/xml.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1570 @@
+CREATE TABLE xmltest (
+    id int,
+    data xml
+);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (1, '<value>one</value>');
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (2, '<value>two</value>');
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (3, '<wrong');
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (3, '<wrong');
+                                       ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: Couldn't find end of Start Tag wrong line 1
+<wrong
+      ^
+SELECT * FROM xmltest;
+ id |        data        
+----+--------------------
+  1 | <value>one</value>
+  2 | <value>two</value>
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmlcomment('test');
+ xmlcomment  
+-------------
+ <!--test-->
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlcomment('-test');
+  xmlcomment  
+--------------
+ <!---test-->
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlcomment('test-');
+ERROR:  invalid XML comment
+SELECT xmlcomment('--test');
+ERROR:  invalid XML comment
+SELECT xmlcomment('te st');
+  xmlcomment  
+--------------
+ <!--te st-->
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat(xmlcomment('hello'),
+                 xmlelement(NAME qux, 'foo'),
+                 xmlcomment('world'));
+               xmlconcat                
+----------------------------------------
+ <!--hello--><qux>foo</qux><!--world-->
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat('hello', 'you');
+ xmlconcat 
+-----------
+ helloyou
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat(1, 2);
+ERROR:  argument of XMLCONCAT must be type xml, not type integer
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlconcat(1, 2);
+                         ^
+SELECT xmlconcat('bad', '<syntax');
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlconcat('bad', '<syntax');
+                                ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: Couldn't find end of Start Tag syntax line 1
+<syntax
+       ^
+SELECT xmlconcat('<foo/>', NULL, '<?xml version="1.1" standalone="no"?><bar/>');
+  xmlconcat   
+--------------
+ <foo/><bar/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat('<?xml version="1.1"?><foo/>', NULL, '<?xml version="1.1" standalone="no"?><bar/>');
+             xmlconcat             
+-----------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.1"?><foo/><bar/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat(NULL);
+ xmlconcat 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat(NULL, NULL);
+ xmlconcat 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name element,
+                  xmlattributes (1 as one, 'deuce' as two),
+                  'content');
+                   xmlelement                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ <element one="1" two="deuce">content</element>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name element,
+                  xmlattributes ('unnamed and wrong'));
+ERROR:  unnamed XML attribute value must be a column reference
+LINE 2:                   xmlattributes ('unnamed and wrong'));
+                                         ^
+SELECT xmlelement(name element, xmlelement(name nested, 'stuff'));
+                xmlelement                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ <element><nested>stuff</nested></element>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name employee, xmlforest(name, age, salary as pay)) FROM emp;
+                              xmlelement                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <employee><name>sharon</name><age>25</age><pay>1000</pay></employee>
+ <employee><name>sam</name><age>30</age><pay>2000</pay></employee>
+ <employee><name>bill</name><age>20</age><pay>1000</pay></employee>
+ <employee><name>jeff</name><age>23</age><pay>600</pay></employee>
+ <employee><name>cim</name><age>30</age><pay>400</pay></employee>
+ <employee><name>linda</name><age>19</age><pay>100</pay></employee>
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name duplicate, xmlattributes(1 as a, 2 as b, 3 as a));
+ERROR:  XML attribute name "a" appears more than once
+LINE 1: ...ment(name duplicate, xmlattributes(1 as a, 2 as b, 3 as a));
+                                                              ^
+SELECT xmlelement(name num, 37);
+  xmlelement   
+---------------
+ <num>37</num>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, text 'bar');
+   xmlelement   
+----------------
+ <foo>bar</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xml 'bar');
+   xmlelement   
+----------------
+ <foo>bar</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, text 'b<a/>r');
+       xmlelement        
+-------------------------
+ <foo>b&lt;a/&gt;r</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xml 'b<a/>r');
+    xmlelement     
+-------------------
+ <foo>b<a/>r</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, array[1, 2, 3]);
+                               xmlelement                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <foo><element>1</element><element>2</element><element>3</element></foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SET xmlbinary TO base64;
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, bytea 'bar');
+   xmlelement    
+-----------------
+ <foo>YmFy</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SET xmlbinary TO hex;
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, bytea 'bar');
+    xmlelement     
+-------------------
+ <foo>626172</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes(true as bar));
+    xmlelement     
+-------------------
+ <foo bar="true"/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('2009-04-09 00:24:37'::timestamp as bar));
+            xmlelement            
+----------------------------------
+ <foo bar="2009-04-09T00:24:37"/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('infinity'::timestamp as bar));
+ERROR:  timestamp out of range
+DETAIL:  XML does not support infinite timestamp values.
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('<>&"''' as funny, xml 'b<a/>r' as funnier));
+                         xmlelement                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ <foo funny="&lt;&gt;&amp;&quot;'" funnier="b&lt;a/&gt;r"/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '');
+ xmlparse 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '  ');
+ xmlparse 
+----------
+   
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content 'abc');
+ xmlparse 
+----------
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<abc>x</abc>');
+   xmlparse   
+--------------
+ <abc>x</abc>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<invalidentity>&</invalidentity>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+DETAIL:  line 1: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
+<invalidentity>&</invalidentity>
+                ^
+line 1: chunk is not well balanced
+<invalidentity>&</invalidentity>
+                                ^
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</undefinedentity>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+DETAIL:  line 1: Entity 'idontexist' not defined
+<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</undefinedentity>
+                             ^
+line 1: chunk is not well balanced
+<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</undefinedentity>
+                                               ^
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+         xmlparse          
+---------------------------
+ <invalidns xmlns='&lt;'/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+            xmlparse            
+--------------------------------
+ <relativens xmlns='relative'/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+DETAIL:  line 1: Entity 'idontexist' not defined
+<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>
+                       ^
+line 1: Opening and ending tag mismatch: twoerrors line 1 and unbalanced
+<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>
+                                    ^
+line 1: chunk is not well balanced
+<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>
+                                    ^
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+      xmlparse       
+---------------------
+ <nosuchprefix:tag/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(document '   ');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: Start tag expected, '<' not found
+   
+   ^
+SELECT xmlparse(document 'abc');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: Start tag expected, '<' not found
+abc
+^
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<abc>x</abc>');
+   xmlparse   
+--------------
+ <abc>x</abc>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<invalidentity>&</abc>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
+<invalidentity>&</abc>
+                ^
+line 1: Opening and ending tag mismatch: invalidentity line 1 and abc
+<invalidentity>&</abc>
+                      ^
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</abc>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: Entity 'idontexist' not defined
+<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</abc>
+                             ^
+line 1: Opening and ending tag mismatch: undefinedentity line 1 and abc
+<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</abc>
+                                   ^
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+         xmlparse          
+---------------------------
+ <invalidns xmlns='&lt;'/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+            xmlparse            
+--------------------------------
+ <relativens xmlns='relative'/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: Entity 'idontexist' not defined
+<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>
+                       ^
+line 1: Opening and ending tag mismatch: twoerrors line 1 and unbalanced
+<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>
+                                    ^
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+      xmlparse       
+---------------------
+ <nosuchprefix:tag/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo);
+  xmlpi  
+---------
+ <?foo?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name xml);
+ERROR:  invalid XML processing instruction
+DETAIL:  XML processing instruction target name cannot be "xml".
+SELECT xmlpi(name xmlstuff);
+    xmlpi     
+--------------
+ <?xmlstuff?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'bar');
+    xmlpi    
+-------------
+ <?foo bar?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'in?>valid');
+ERROR:  invalid XML processing instruction
+DETAIL:  XML processing instruction cannot contain "?>".
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, null);
+ xmlpi 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name xml, null);
+ERROR:  invalid XML processing instruction
+DETAIL:  XML processing instruction target name cannot be "xml".
+SELECT xmlpi(name xmlstuff, null);
+ xmlpi 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name "xml-stylesheet", 'href="mystyle.css" type="text/css"');
+                         xmlpi                         
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ <?xml-stylesheet href="mystyle.css" type="text/css"?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, '   bar');
+    xmlpi    
+-------------
+ <?foo bar?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone no value);
+ xmlroot 
+---------
+ <foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version '2.0');
+           xmlroot           
+-----------------------------
+ <?xml version="2.0"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+                   xmlroot                    
+----------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<?xml version="1.1"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+                   xmlroot                    
+----------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot(xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version '1.0'), version '1.1', standalone no);
+                   xmlroot                   
+---------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.1" standalone="no"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone no);
+                   xmlroot                   
+---------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone no value);
+ xmlroot 
+---------
+ <foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value);
+                   xmlroot                    
+----------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot (
+  xmlelement (
+    name gazonk,
+    xmlattributes (
+      'val' AS name,
+      1 + 1 AS num
+    ),
+    xmlelement (
+      NAME qux,
+      'foo'
+    )
+  ),
+  version '1.0',
+  standalone yes
+);
+                                         xmlroot                                          
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?><gazonk name="val" num="2"><qux>foo</qux></gazonk>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlserialize(content data as character varying(20)) FROM xmltest;
+    xmlserialize    
+--------------------
+ <value>one</value>
+ <value>two</value>
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as char(10));
+ xmlserialize 
+--------------
+ good      
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlserialize(document 'bad' as text);
+ERROR:  not an XML document
+SELECT xml '<foo>bar</foo>' IS DOCUMENT;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<foo>bar</foo><bar>foo</bar>' IS DOCUMENT;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<abc/>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml 'abc' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '<>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: SELECT '<>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: StartTag: invalid element name
+<>
+ ^
+SELECT xmlagg(data) FROM xmltest;
+                xmlagg                
+--------------------------------------
+ <value>one</value><value>two</value>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlagg(data) FROM xmltest WHERE id > 10;
+ xmlagg 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name employees, xmlagg(xmlelement(name name, name))) FROM emp;
+                                                           xmlelement                                                           
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <employees><name>sharon</name><name>sam</name><name>bill</name><name>jeff</name><name>cim</name><name>linda</name></employees>
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check mapping SQL identifier to XML name
+SELECT xmlpi(name ":::_xml_abc135.%-&_");
+                      xmlpi                      
+-------------------------------------------------
+ <?_x003A_::_x005F_xml_abc135._x0025_-_x0026__?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name "123");
+     xmlpi     
+---------------
+ <?_x0031_23?>
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE foo (xml) AS SELECT xmlconcat('<foo/>', $1);
+SET XML OPTION DOCUMENT;
+EXECUTE foo ('<bar/>');
+  xmlconcat   
+--------------
+ <foo/><bar/>
+(1 row)
+
+EXECUTE foo ('bad');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+LINE 1: EXECUTE foo ('bad');
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: Start tag expected, '<' not found
+bad
+^
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: Extra content at the end of the document
+<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>
+                ^
+SET XML OPTION CONTENT;
+EXECUTE foo ('<bar/>');
+  xmlconcat   
+--------------
+ <foo/><bar/>
+(1 row)
+
+EXECUTE foo ('good');
+ xmlconcat  
+------------
+ <foo/>good
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<!-- in SQL:2006+ a doc is content too--> <?y z?> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+                                xml                                 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <!-- in SQL:2006+ a doc is content too--> <?y z?> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- hi--> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+             xml              
+------------------------------
+  <!-- hi--> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+       xml        
+------------------
+ <!DOCTYPE a><a/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> oops <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> oops <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: StartTag: invalid element name
+<!-- hi--> oops <!DOCTYPE a><a/>
+                 ^
+SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> <oops/> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> <oops/> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: StartTag: invalid element name
+<!-- hi--> <oops/> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>
+                    ^
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: Extra content at the end of the document
+<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>
+                ^
+-- Test backwards parsing
+CREATE VIEW xmlview1 AS SELECT xmlcomment('test');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview2 AS SELECT xmlconcat('hello', 'you');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview3 AS SELECT xmlelement(name element, xmlattributes (1 as ":one:", 'deuce' as two), 'content&');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview4 AS SELECT xmlelement(name employee, xmlforest(name, age, salary as pay)) FROM emp;
+CREATE VIEW xmlview5 AS SELECT xmlparse(content '<abc>x</abc>');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview6 AS SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'bar');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview7 AS SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+CREATE VIEW xmlview8 AS SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as char(10));
+CREATE VIEW xmlview9 AS SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as text);
+SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
+  WHERE table_name LIKE 'xmlview%' ORDER BY 1;
+ table_name |                                                  view_definition                                                  
+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ xmlview1   |  SELECT xmlcomment('test'::text) AS xmlcomment;
+ xmlview2   |  SELECT XMLCONCAT('hello'::xml, 'you'::xml) AS "xmlconcat";
+ xmlview3   |  SELECT XMLELEMENT(NAME element, XMLATTRIBUTES(1 AS ":one:", 'deuce' AS two), 'content&') AS "xmlelement";
+ xmlview4   |  SELECT XMLELEMENT(NAME employee, XMLFOREST(emp.name AS name, emp.age AS age, emp.salary AS pay)) AS "xmlelement"+
+            |    FROM emp;
+ xmlview5   |  SELECT XMLPARSE(CONTENT '<abc>x</abc>'::text STRIP WHITESPACE) AS "xmlparse";
+ xmlview6   |  SELECT XMLPI(NAME foo, 'bar'::text) AS "xmlpi";
+ xmlview7   |  SELECT XMLROOT('<foo/>'::xml, VERSION NO VALUE, STANDALONE YES) AS "xmlroot";
+ xmlview8   |  SELECT (XMLSERIALIZE(CONTENT 'good'::xml AS character(10)))::character(10) AS "xmlserialize";
+ xmlview9   |  SELECT XMLSERIALIZE(CONTENT 'good'::xml AS text) AS "xmlserialize";
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Text XPath expressions evaluation
+SELECT xpath('/value', data) FROM xmltest;
+        xpath         
+----------------------
+ {<value>one</value>}
+ {<value>two</value>}
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xpath(NULL, NULL) IS NULL FROM xmltest;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+ t
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xpath('', '<!-- error -->');
+ERROR:  empty XPath expression
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "xpath" statement 1
+SELECT xpath('//text()', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>');
+     xpath      
+----------------
+ {"number one"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece/@id', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+ xpath 
+-------
+ {1,2}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+                                                                     xpath                                                                      
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"<local:piece xmlns:local=\"http://127.0.0.1\" id=\"1\">number one</local:piece>","<local:piece xmlns:local=\"http://127.0.0.1\" id=\"2\"/>"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1" xmlns="http://127.0.0.2"><local:piece id="1"><internal>number one</internal><internal2/></local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+                                                                                                   xpath                                                                                                    
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"<local:piece xmlns:local=\"http://127.0.0.1\" xmlns=\"http://127.0.0.2\" id=\"1\"><internal>number one</internal><internal2/></local:piece>","<local:piece xmlns:local=\"http://127.0.0.1\" id=\"2\"/>"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//b', '<a>one <b>two</b> three <b>etc</b></a>');
+          xpath          
+-------------------------
+ {<b>two</b>,<b>etc</b>}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//text()', '<root>&lt;</root>');
+ xpath  
+--------
+ {&lt;}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//@value', '<root value="&lt;"/>');
+ xpath  
+--------
+ {&lt;}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('''<<invalid>>''', '<root/>');
+           xpath           
+---------------------------
+ {&lt;&lt;invalid&gt;&gt;}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+ xpath 
+-------
+ {3}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)=0', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+  xpath  
+---------
+ {false}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)=3', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+ xpath  
+--------
+ {true}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('name(/*)', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+ xpath  
+--------
+ {root}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('/nosuchtag', '<root/>');
+ xpath 
+-------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('root', '<root/>');
+   xpath   
+-----------
+ {<root/>}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Round-trip non-ASCII data through xpath().
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+  xml_declaration text := '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>';
+  degree_symbol text;
+  res xml[];
+BEGIN
+  -- Per the documentation, except when the server encoding is UTF8, xpath()
+  -- may not work on non-ASCII data.  The untranslatable_character and
+  -- undefined_function traps below, currently dead code, will become relevant
+  -- if we remove this limitation.
+  IF current_setting('server_encoding') <> 'UTF8' THEN
+    RAISE LOG 'skip: encoding % unsupported for xpath',
+      current_setting('server_encoding');
+    RETURN;
+  END IF;
+
+  degree_symbol := convert_from('\xc2b0', 'UTF8');
+  res := xpath('text()', (xml_declaration ||
+    '<x>' || degree_symbol || '</x>')::xml);
+  IF degree_symbol <> res[1]::text THEN
+    RAISE 'expected % (%), got % (%)',
+      degree_symbol, convert_to(degree_symbol, 'UTF8'),
+      res[1], convert_to(res[1]::text, 'UTF8');
+  END IF;
+EXCEPTION
+  -- character with byte sequence 0xc2 0xb0 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN8"
+  WHEN untranslatable_character
+  -- default conversion function for encoding "UTF8" to "MULE_INTERNAL" does not exist
+  OR undefined_function
+  -- unsupported XML feature
+  OR feature_not_supported THEN
+    RAISE LOG 'skip: %', SQLERRM;
+END
+$$;
+-- Test xmlexists and xpath_exists
+SELECT xmlexists('//town[text() = ''Toronto'']' PASSING BY REF '<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>');
+ xmlexists 
+-----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlexists('//town[text() = ''Cwmbran'']' PASSING BY REF '<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>');
+ xmlexists 
+-----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlexists('count(/nosuchtag)' PASSING BY REF '<root/>');
+ xmlexists 
+-----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath_exists('//town[text() = ''Toronto'']','<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>'::xml);
+ xpath_exists 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath_exists('//town[text() = ''Cwmbran'']','<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>'::xml);
+ xpath_exists 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath_exists('count(/nosuchtag)', '<root/>'::xml);
+ xpath_exists 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (4, '<menu><beers><name>Budvar</name><cost>free</cost><name>Carling</name><cost>lots</cost></beers></menu>'::xml);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (5, '<menu><beers><name>Molson</name><cost>free</cost><name>Carling</name><cost>lots</cost></beers></menu>'::xml);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (6, '<myns:menu xmlns:myns="http://myns.com"><myns:beers><myns:name>Budvar</myns:name><myns:cost>free</myns:cost><myns:name>Carling</myns:name><myns:cost>lots</myns:cost></myns:beers></myns:menu>'::xml);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (7, '<myns:menu xmlns:myns="http://myns.com"><myns:beers><myns:name>Molson</myns:name><myns:cost>free</myns:cost><myns:name>Carling</myns:name><myns:cost>lots</myns:cost></myns:beers></myns:menu>'::xml);
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beer' PASSING data);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beer' PASSING BY REF data BY REF);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beers' PASSING BY REF data);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beers/name[text() = ''Molson'']' PASSING BY REF data);
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beer',data);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beers',data);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beers/name[text() = ''Molson'']',data);
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beer',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beers',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beers/myns:name[text() = ''Molson'']',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE query ( expr TEXT );
+INSERT INTO query VALUES ('/menu/beers/cost[text() = ''lots'']');
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest, query WHERE xmlexists(expr PASSING BY REF data);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test xml_is_well_formed and variants
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_document('<foo>bar</foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed_document 
+-----------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_document('abc');
+ xml_is_well_formed_document 
+-----------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_content('<foo>bar</foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed_content 
+----------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_content('abc');
+ xml_is_well_formed_content 
+----------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SET xmloption TO DOCUMENT;
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('abc');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<abc/>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo>bar</foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo>bar</foo');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo><bar>baz</foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<pg:foo xmlns:pg="http://postgresql.org/stuff">bar</my:foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<pg:foo xmlns:pg="http://postgresql.org/stuff">bar</pg:foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<invalidentity>&</abc>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</abc>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SET xmloption TO CONTENT;
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('abc');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Since xpath() deals with namespaces, it's a bit stricter about
+-- what's well-formed and what's not. If we don't obey these rules
+-- (i.e. ignore namespace-related errors from libxml), xpath()
+-- fails in subtle ways. The following would for example produce
+-- the xml value
+--   <invalidns xmlns='<'/>
+-- which is invalid because '<' may not appear un-escaped in
+-- attribute values.
+-- Since different libxml versions emit slightly different
+-- error messages, we suppress the DETAIL in this test.
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+ERROR:  could not parse XML document
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- Again, the XML isn't well-formed for namespace purposes
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+ERROR:  could not parse XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: Namespace prefix nosuchprefix on tag is not defined
+<nosuchprefix:tag/>
+                 ^
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "xpath" statement 1
+-- XPath deprecates relative namespaces, but they're not supposed to
+-- throw an error, only a warning.
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+WARNING:  line 1: xmlns: URI relative is not absolute
+<relativens xmlns='relative'/>
+                            ^
+                xpath                 
+--------------------------------------
+ {"<relativens xmlns=\"relative\"/>"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- External entity references should not leak filesystem information.
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/passwd">]><foo>&c;</foo>');
+                            xmlparse                             
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ <!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/passwd">]><foo>&c;</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/no.such.file">]><foo>&c;</foo>');
+                               xmlparse                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/no.such.file">]><foo>&c;</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+-- This might or might not load the requested DTD, but it mustn't throw error.
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd"><chapter>&nbsp;</chapter>');
+                                                                       xmlparse                                                                       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd"><chapter>&nbsp;</chapter>
+(1 row)
+
+-- XMLPATH tests
+CREATE TABLE xmldata(data xml);
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="1">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>AU</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Australia</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="2">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>CN</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>China</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="3">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>HK</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>HongKong</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="4">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>IN</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>India</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="5">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>JP</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Japan</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Sinzo Abe</PREMIER_NAME>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="6">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>SG</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Singapore</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><SIZE unit="km">791</SIZE>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+-- XMLTABLE with columns
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME/text()' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name  
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+---------------
+  1 |   1 | Australia    | AU         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  2 |   2 | China        | CN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  3 |   3 | HongKong     | HK         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  4 |   4 | India        | IN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  5 |   5 | Japan        | JP         |         3 |      |      | Sinzo Abe
+  6 |   6 | Singapore    | SG         |         3 |  791 | km   | not specified
+(6 rows)
+
+CREATE VIEW xmltableview1 AS SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME/text()' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name  
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+---------------
+  1 |   1 | Australia    | AU         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  2 |   2 | China        | CN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  3 |   3 | HongKong     | HK         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  4 |   4 | India        | IN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  5 |   5 | Japan        | JP         |         3 |      |      | Sinzo Abe
+  6 |   6 | Singapore    | SG         |         3 |  791 | km   | not specified
+(6 rows)
+
+\sv xmltableview1
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW public.xmltableview1 AS
+ SELECT "xmltable".id,
+    "xmltable"._id,
+    "xmltable".country_name,
+    "xmltable".country_id,
+    "xmltable".region_id,
+    "xmltable".size,
+    "xmltable".unit,
+    "xmltable".premier_name
+   FROM ( SELECT xmldata.data
+           FROM xmldata) x,
+    LATERAL XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (x.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME/text()'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on xmldata
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE) SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                            QUERY PLAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME/text()'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- errors
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE (ROW () PASSING null COLUMNS v1 timestamp) AS f (v1, v2);
+ERROR:  XMLTABLE function has 1 columns available but 2 columns specified
+-- XMLNAMESPACES tests
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES('http://x.y' AS zz),
+                      '/zz:rows/zz:row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'zz:a');
+ a  
+----
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE VIEW xmltableview2 AS SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES('http://x.y' AS zz),
+                      '/zz:rows/zz:row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'zz:a');
+SELECT * FROM xmltableview2;
+ a  
+----
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES(DEFAULT 'http://x.y'),
+                      '/rows/row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'a');
+ERROR:  DEFAULT namespace is not supported
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('.'
+                       PASSING '<foo/>'
+                       COLUMNS a text PATH 'foo/namespace::node()');
+                  a                   
+--------------------------------------
+ http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace
+(1 row)
+
+-- used in prepare statements
+PREPARE pp AS
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+EXECUTE pp;
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name  
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+---------------
+  1 |   1 | Australia    | AU         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  2 |   2 | China        | CN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  3 |   3 | HongKong     | HK         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  4 |   4 | India        | IN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  5 |   5 | Japan        | JP         |         3 |      |      | Sinzo Abe
+  6 |   6 | Singapore    | SG         |         3 |  791 | km   | not specified
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+ COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+--------------+-----------
+ India        |         3
+ Japan        |         3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id FOR ORDINALITY, "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+----+--------------+-----------
+  1 | India        |         3
+  2 | Japan        |         3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+----+--------------+-----------
+  4 | India        |         3
+  5 | Japan        |         3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id');
+ id 
+----
+  4
+  5
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id FOR ORDINALITY);
+ id 
+----
+  1
+  2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int, rawdata xml PATH '.');
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID |                             rawdata                              
+----+--------------+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------
+  4 | India        |         3 | <ROW id="4">                                                    +
+    |              |           |   <COUNTRY_ID>IN</COUNTRY_ID>                                   +
+    |              |           |   <COUNTRY_NAME>India</COUNTRY_NAME>                            +
+    |              |           |   <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>                                      +
+    |              |           | </ROW>
+  5 | Japan        |         3 | <ROW id="5">                                                    +
+    |              |           |   <COUNTRY_ID>JP</COUNTRY_ID>                                   +
+    |              |           |   <COUNTRY_NAME>Japan</COUNTRY_NAME>                            +
+    |              |           |   <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Sinzo Abe</PREMIER_NAME>+
+    |              |           | </ROW>
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int, rawdata xml PATH './*');
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID |                                                           rawdata                                                           
+----+--------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  4 | India        |         3 | <COUNTRY_ID>IN</COUNTRY_ID><COUNTRY_NAME>India</COUNTRY_NAME><REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+  5 | Japan        |         3 | <COUNTRY_ID>JP</COUNTRY_ID><COUNTRY_NAME>Japan</COUNTRY_NAME><REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Sinzo Abe</PREMIER_NAME>
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/root' passing '<root><element>a1a<!-- aaaa -->a2a<?aaaaa?> <!--z-->  bbbb<x>xxx</x>cccc</element></root>' COLUMNS element text);
+       element        
+----------------------
+ a1aa2a   bbbbxxxcccc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/root' passing '<root><element>a1a<!-- aaaa -->a2a<?aaaaa?> <!--z-->  bbbb<x>xxx</x>cccc</element></root>' COLUMNS element text PATH 'element/text()'); -- should fail
+ERROR:  more than one value returned by column XPath expression
+-- CDATA test
+select * from xmltable('d/r' passing '<d><r><c><![CDATA[<hello> &"<>!<a>foo</a>]]></c></r><r><c>2</c></r></d>' columns c text);
+            c            
+-------------------------
+ <hello> &"<>!<a>foo</a>
+ 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- XML builtin entities
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/x/a' PASSING '<x><a><ent>&apos;</ent></a><a><ent>&quot;</ent></a><a><ent>&amp;</ent></a><a><ent>&lt;</ent></a><a><ent>&gt;</ent></a></x>' COLUMNS ent text);
+ ent 
+-----
+ '
+ "
+ &
+ <
+ >
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/x/a' PASSING '<x><a><ent>&apos;</ent></a><a><ent>&quot;</ent></a><a><ent>&amp;</ent></a><a><ent>&lt;</ent></a><a><ent>&gt;</ent></a></x>' COLUMNS ent xml);
+       ent        
+------------------
+ <ent>'</ent>
+ <ent>"</ent>
+ <ent>&amp;</ent>
+ <ent>&lt;</ent>
+ <ent>&gt;</ent>
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                        QUERY PLAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- test qual
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int) WHERE "COUNTRY_NAME" = 'Japan';
+ COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+--------------+-----------
+ Japan        |         3
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int) WHERE "COUNTRY_NAME" = 'Japan';
+                                                                                    QUERY PLAN                                                                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable"."COUNTRY_NAME", "xmltable"."REGION_ID"
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable"."COUNTRY_NAME", "xmltable"."REGION_ID"
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" integer)
+         Filter: ("xmltable"."COUNTRY_NAME" = 'Japan'::text)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- should to work with more data
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="10">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>CZ</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Czech Republic</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Milos Zeman</PREMIER_NAME>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="11">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>DE</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Germany</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="12">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>FR</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>France</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="20">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>EG</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Egypt</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>1</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="21">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>SD</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Sudan</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>1</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+ id | _id |  country_name  | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name  
+----+-----+----------------+------------+-----------+------+------+---------------
+  1 |   1 | Australia      | AU         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  2 |   2 | China          | CN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  3 |   3 | HongKong       | HK         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  4 |   4 | India          | IN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  5 |   5 | Japan          | JP         |         3 |      |      | Sinzo Abe
+  6 |   6 | Singapore      | SG         |         3 |  791 | km   | not specified
+ 10 |   1 | Czech Republic | CZ         |         2 |      |      | Milos Zeman
+ 11 |   2 | Germany        | DE         |         2 |      |      | not specified
+ 12 |   3 | France         | FR         |         2 |      |      | not specified
+ 20 |   1 | Egypt          | EG         |         1 |      |      | not specified
+ 21 |   2 | Sudan          | SD         |         1 |      |      | not specified
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified')
+  WHERE region_id = 2;
+ id | _id |  country_name  | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name  
+----+-----+----------------+------------+-----------+------+------+---------------
+ 10 |   1 | Czech Republic | CZ         |         2 |      |      | Milos Zeman
+ 11 |   2 | Germany        | DE         |         2 |      |      | not specified
+ 12 |   3 | France         | FR         |         2 |      |      | not specified
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified')
+  WHERE region_id = 2;
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                        QUERY PLAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+         Filter: ("xmltable".region_id = 2)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- should fail, NULL value
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE' NOT NULL,
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+ERROR:  null is not allowed in column "size"
+-- if all is ok, then result is empty
+-- one line xml test
+WITH
+   x AS (SELECT proname, proowner, procost::numeric, pronargs,
+                array_to_string(proargnames,',') as proargnames,
+                case when proargtypes <> '' then array_to_string(proargtypes::oid[],',') end as proargtypes
+           FROM pg_proc WHERE proname = 'f_leak'),
+   y AS (SELECT xmlelement(name proc,
+                           xmlforest(proname, proowner,
+                                     procost, pronargs,
+                                     proargnames, proargtypes)) as proc
+           FROM x),
+   z AS (SELECT xmltable.*
+           FROM y,
+                LATERAL xmltable('/proc' PASSING proc
+                                 COLUMNS proname name,
+                                         proowner oid,
+                                         procost float,
+                                         pronargs int,
+                                         proargnames text,
+                                         proargtypes text))
+   SELECT * FROM z
+   EXCEPT SELECT * FROM x;
+ proname | proowner | procost | pronargs | proargnames | proargtypes 
+---------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- multi line xml test, result should be empty too
+WITH
+   x AS (SELECT proname, proowner, procost::numeric, pronargs,
+                array_to_string(proargnames,',') as proargnames,
+                case when proargtypes <> '' then array_to_string(proargtypes::oid[],',') end as proargtypes
+           FROM pg_proc),
+   y AS (SELECT xmlelement(name data,
+                           xmlagg(xmlelement(name proc,
+                                             xmlforest(proname, proowner, procost,
+                                                       pronargs, proargnames, proargtypes)))) as doc
+           FROM x),
+   z AS (SELECT xmltable.*
+           FROM y,
+                LATERAL xmltable('/data/proc' PASSING doc
+                                 COLUMNS proname name,
+                                         proowner oid,
+                                         procost float,
+                                         pronargs int,
+                                         proargnames text,
+                                         proargtypes text))
+   SELECT * FROM z
+   EXCEPT SELECT * FROM x;
+ proname | proowner | procost | pronargs | proargnames | proargtypes 
+---------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE xmltest2(x xml, _path text);
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><ac>1</ac></r></d>', 'A');
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><bc>2</bc></r></d>', 'B');
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><cc>3</cc></r></d>', 'C');
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><dc>2</dc></r></d>', 'D');
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable('/d/r' PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH '' || lower(_path) || 'c');
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 2
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable(('/d/r/' || lower(_path) || 'c') PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH '.');
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 2
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable(('/d/r/' || lower(_path) || 'c') PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH 'x' DEFAULT ascii(_path) - 54);
+ a  
+----
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+(4 rows)
+
+-- XPath result can be boolean or number too
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('*' PASSING '<a>a</a>' COLUMNS a xml PATH '.', b text PATH '.', c text PATH '"hi"', d boolean PATH '. = "a"', e integer PATH 'string-length(.)');
+    a     | b | c  | d | e 
+----------+---+----+---+---
+ <a>a</a> | a | hi | t | 1
+(1 row)
+
+\x
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('*' PASSING '<e>pre<!--c1--><?pi arg?><![CDATA[&ent1]]><n2>&amp;deep</n2>post</e>' COLUMNS x xml PATH 'node()', y xml PATH '/');
+-[ RECORD 1 ]-----------------------------------------------------------
+x | pre<!--c1--><?pi arg?><![CDATA[&ent1]]><n2>&amp;deep</n2>post
+y | <e>pre<!--c1--><?pi arg?><![CDATA[&ent1]]><n2>&amp;deep</n2>post</e>+
+  | 
+
+\x
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('.' PASSING XMLELEMENT(NAME a) columns a varchar(20) PATH '"<foo/>"', b xml PATH '"<foo/>"');
+   a    |      b       
+--------+--------------
+ <foo/> | &lt;foo/&gt;
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/xml_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/xml_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3477606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/xml_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1254 @@
+CREATE TABLE xmltest (
+    id int,
+    data xml
+);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (1, '<value>one</value>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (1, '<value>one</value>');
+                                       ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (2, '<value>two</value>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (2, '<value>two</value>');
+                                       ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (3, '<wrong');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (3, '<wrong');
+                                       ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT * FROM xmltest;
+ id | data 
+----+------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xmlcomment('test');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlcomment('-test');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlcomment('test-');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlcomment('--test');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlcomment('te st');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlconcat(xmlcomment('hello'),
+                 xmlelement(NAME qux, 'foo'),
+                 xmlcomment('world'));
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlconcat('hello', 'you');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlconcat('hello', 'you');
+                         ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlconcat(1, 2);
+ERROR:  argument of XMLCONCAT must be type xml, not type integer
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlconcat(1, 2);
+                         ^
+SELECT xmlconcat('bad', '<syntax');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlconcat('bad', '<syntax');
+                         ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlconcat('<foo/>', NULL, '<?xml version="1.1" standalone="no"?><bar/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlconcat('<foo/>', NULL, '<?xml version="1.1" standa...
+                         ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlconcat('<?xml version="1.1"?><foo/>', NULL, '<?xml version="1.1" standalone="no"?><bar/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlconcat('<?xml version="1.1"?><foo/>', NULL, '<?xml...
+                         ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlconcat(NULL);
+ xmlconcat 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat(NULL, NULL);
+ xmlconcat 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name element,
+                  xmlattributes (1 as one, 'deuce' as two),
+                  'content');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name element,
+                  xmlattributes ('unnamed and wrong'));
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name element, xmlelement(name nested, 'stuff'));
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name employee, xmlforest(name, age, salary as pay)) FROM emp;
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name duplicate, xmlattributes(1 as a, 2 as b, 3 as a));
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name num, 37);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, text 'bar');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xml 'bar');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, text 'b<a/>r');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xml 'b<a/>r');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, array[1, 2, 3]);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SET xmlbinary TO base64;
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, bytea 'bar');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SET xmlbinary TO hex;
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, bytea 'bar');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes(true as bar));
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('2009-04-09 00:24:37'::timestamp as bar));
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('infinity'::timestamp as bar));
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('<>&"''' as funny, xml 'b<a/>r' as funnier));
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(content '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(content '  ');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(content 'abc');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<abc>x</abc>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<invalidentity>&</invalidentity>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</undefinedentity>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(document '   ');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(document 'abc');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<abc>x</abc>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<invalidentity>&</abc>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</abc>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlpi(name xml);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlpi(name xmlstuff);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'bar');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'in?>valid');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, null);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlpi(name xml, null);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlpi(name xmlstuff, null);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlpi(name "xml-stylesheet", 'href="mystyle.css" type="text/css"');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, '   bar');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone no value);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone no...
+                           ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version '2.0');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version '2.0');
+                           ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone ye...
+                           ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<?xml version="1.1"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlroot(xml '<?xml version="1.1"?><foo/>', version no...
+                           ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlroot(xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version '1.0'), version '1.1', standalone no);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlroot(xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version '1.0'), version...
+                                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone no);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>...
+                       ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone no value);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>...
+                       ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>...
+                       ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlroot (
+  xmlelement (
+    name gazonk,
+    xmlattributes (
+      'val' AS name,
+      1 + 1 AS num
+    ),
+    xmlelement (
+      NAME qux,
+      'foo'
+    )
+  ),
+  version '1.0',
+  standalone yes
+);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlserialize(content data as character varying(20)) FROM xmltest;
+ xmlserialize 
+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as char(10));
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as char(10));
+                                    ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlserialize(document 'bad' as text);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlserialize(document 'bad' as text);
+                                     ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml '<foo>bar</foo>' IS DOCUMENT;
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<foo>bar</foo>' IS DOCUMENT;
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml '<foo>bar</foo><bar>foo</bar>' IS DOCUMENT;
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<foo>bar</foo><bar>foo</bar>' IS DOCUMENT;
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml '<abc/>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<abc/>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml 'abc' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xml 'abc' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT '<>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT '<>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlagg(data) FROM xmltest;
+ xmlagg 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlagg(data) FROM xmltest WHERE id > 10;
+ xmlagg 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name employees, xmlagg(xmlelement(name name, name))) FROM emp;
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- Check mapping SQL identifier to XML name
+SELECT xmlpi(name ":::_xml_abc135.%-&_");
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlpi(name "123");
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+PREPARE foo (xml) AS SELECT xmlconcat('<foo/>', $1);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: PREPARE foo (xml) AS SELECT xmlconcat('<foo/>', $1);
+                                              ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SET XML OPTION DOCUMENT;
+EXECUTE foo ('<bar/>');
+ERROR:  prepared statement "foo" does not exist
+EXECUTE foo ('bad');
+ERROR:  prepared statement "foo" does not exist
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SET XML OPTION CONTENT;
+EXECUTE foo ('<bar/>');
+ERROR:  prepared statement "foo" does not exist
+EXECUTE foo ('good');
+ERROR:  prepared statement "foo" does not exist
+SELECT xml '<!-- in SQL:2006+ a doc is content too--> <?y z?> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!-- in SQL:2006+ a doc is content too--> <?y z?...
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml '<?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- hi--> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- hi--> <!DOCTYPE a><a/...
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> oops <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> oops <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> <oops/> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> <oops/> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- Test backwards parsing
+CREATE VIEW xmlview1 AS SELECT xmlcomment('test');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview2 AS SELECT xmlconcat('hello', 'you');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: CREATE VIEW xmlview2 AS SELECT xmlconcat('hello', 'you');
+                                                 ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+CREATE VIEW xmlview3 AS SELECT xmlelement(name element, xmlattributes (1 as ":one:", 'deuce' as two), 'content&');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+CREATE VIEW xmlview4 AS SELECT xmlelement(name employee, xmlforest(name, age, salary as pay)) FROM emp;
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+CREATE VIEW xmlview5 AS SELECT xmlparse(content '<abc>x</abc>');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview6 AS SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'bar');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+CREATE VIEW xmlview7 AS SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: CREATE VIEW xmlview7 AS SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version...
+                                                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+CREATE VIEW xmlview8 AS SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as char(10));
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: ...EATE VIEW xmlview8 AS SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as ...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+CREATE VIEW xmlview9 AS SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as text);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: ...EATE VIEW xmlview9 AS SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as ...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
+  WHERE table_name LIKE 'xmlview%' ORDER BY 1;
+ table_name |                                view_definition                                 
+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ xmlview1   |  SELECT xmlcomment('test'::text) AS xmlcomment;
+ xmlview5   |  SELECT XMLPARSE(CONTENT '<abc>x</abc>'::text STRIP WHITESPACE) AS "xmlparse";
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Text XPath expressions evaluation
+SELECT xpath('/value', data) FROM xmltest;
+ xpath 
+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xpath(NULL, NULL) IS NULL FROM xmltest;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xpath('', '<!-- error -->');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('', '<!-- error -->');
+                         ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('//text()', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('//text()', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://12...
+                                 ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece/@id', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('//loc:piece/@id', '<local:data xmlns:local="ht...
+                                        ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('//loc:piece', '<local:data xmlns:local="http:/...
+                                    ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1" xmlns="http://127.0.0.2"><local:piece id="1"><internal>number one</internal><internal2/></local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('//loc:piece', '<local:data xmlns:local="http:/...
+                                    ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('//b', '<a>one <b>two</b> three <b>etc</b></a>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('//b', '<a>one <b>two</b> three <b>etc</b></a>'...
+                            ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('//text()', '<root>&lt;</root>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('//text()', '<root>&lt;</root>');
+                                 ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('//@value', '<root value="&lt;"/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('//@value', '<root value="&lt;"/>');
+                                 ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('''<<invalid>>''', '<root/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('''<<invalid>>''', '<root/>');
+                                        ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('count(//*)', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+                                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)=0', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('count(//*)=0', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+                                     ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)=3', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('count(//*)=3', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+                                     ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('name(/*)', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('name(/*)', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+                                 ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('/nosuchtag', '<root/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('/nosuchtag', '<root/>');
+                                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath('root', '<root/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('root', '<root/>');
+                             ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- Round-trip non-ASCII data through xpath().
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+  xml_declaration text := '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>';
+  degree_symbol text;
+  res xml[];
+BEGIN
+  -- Per the documentation, except when the server encoding is UTF8, xpath()
+  -- may not work on non-ASCII data.  The untranslatable_character and
+  -- undefined_function traps below, currently dead code, will become relevant
+  -- if we remove this limitation.
+  IF current_setting('server_encoding') <> 'UTF8' THEN
+    RAISE LOG 'skip: encoding % unsupported for xpath',
+      current_setting('server_encoding');
+    RETURN;
+  END IF;
+
+  degree_symbol := convert_from('\xc2b0', 'UTF8');
+  res := xpath('text()', (xml_declaration ||
+    '<x>' || degree_symbol || '</x>')::xml);
+  IF degree_symbol <> res[1]::text THEN
+    RAISE 'expected % (%), got % (%)',
+      degree_symbol, convert_to(degree_symbol, 'UTF8'),
+      res[1], convert_to(res[1]::text, 'UTF8');
+  END IF;
+EXCEPTION
+  -- character with byte sequence 0xc2 0xb0 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN8"
+  WHEN untranslatable_character
+  -- default conversion function for encoding "UTF8" to "MULE_INTERNAL" does not exist
+  OR undefined_function
+  -- unsupported XML feature
+  OR feature_not_supported THEN
+    RAISE LOG 'skip: %', SQLERRM;
+END
+$$;
+-- Test xmlexists and xpath_exists
+SELECT xmlexists('//town[text() = ''Toronto'']' PASSING BY REF '<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: ...sts('//town[text() = ''Toronto'']' PASSING BY REF '<towns><t...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlexists('//town[text() = ''Cwmbran'']' PASSING BY REF '<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: ...sts('//town[text() = ''Cwmbran'']' PASSING BY REF '<towns><t...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmlexists('count(/nosuchtag)' PASSING BY REF '<root/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: ...LECT xmlexists('count(/nosuchtag)' PASSING BY REF '<root/>')...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath_exists('//town[text() = ''Toronto'']','<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>'::xml);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: ...ELECT xpath_exists('//town[text() = ''Toronto'']','<towns><t...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath_exists('//town[text() = ''Cwmbran'']','<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>'::xml);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: ...ELECT xpath_exists('//town[text() = ''Cwmbran'']','<towns><t...
+                                                             ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xpath_exists('count(/nosuchtag)', '<root/>'::xml);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath_exists('count(/nosuchtag)', '<root/>'::xml);
+                                                 ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (4, '<menu><beers><name>Budvar</name><cost>free</cost><name>Carling</name><cost>lots</cost></beers></menu>'::xml);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (4, '<menu><beers><name>Budvar</n...
+                                       ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (5, '<menu><beers><name>Molson</name><cost>free</cost><name>Carling</name><cost>lots</cost></beers></menu>'::xml);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (5, '<menu><beers><name>Molson</n...
+                                       ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (6, '<myns:menu xmlns:myns="http://myns.com"><myns:beers><myns:name>Budvar</myns:name><myns:cost>free</myns:cost><myns:name>Carling</myns:name><myns:cost>lots</myns:cost></myns:beers></myns:menu>'::xml);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (6, '<myns:menu xmlns:myns="http:...
+                                       ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (7, '<myns:menu xmlns:myns="http://myns.com"><myns:beers><myns:name>Molson</myns:name><myns:cost>free</myns:cost><myns:name>Carling</myns:name><myns:cost>lots</myns:cost></myns:beers></myns:menu>'::xml);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (7, '<myns:menu xmlns:myns="http:...
+                                       ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beer' PASSING data);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beer' PASSING BY REF data BY REF);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beers' PASSING BY REF data);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beers/name[text() = ''Molson'']' PASSING BY REF data);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beer',data);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beers',data);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beers/name[text() = ''Molson'']',data);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beer',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beers',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beers/myns:name[text() = ''Molson'']',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE query ( expr TEXT );
+INSERT INTO query VALUES ('/menu/beers/cost[text() = ''lots'']');
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest, query WHERE xmlexists(expr PASSING BY REF data);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test xml_is_well_formed and variants
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_document('<foo>bar</foo>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_document('abc');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_content('<foo>bar</foo>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_content('abc');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SET xmloption TO DOCUMENT;
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('abc');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<abc/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo>bar</foo>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo>bar</foo');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo><bar>baz</foo>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<pg:foo xmlns:pg="http://postgresql.org/stuff">bar</my:foo>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<pg:foo xmlns:pg="http://postgresql.org/stuff">bar</pg:foo>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<invalidentity>&</abc>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</abc>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SET xmloption TO CONTENT;
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('abc');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- Since xpath() deals with namespaces, it's a bit stricter about
+-- what's well-formed and what's not. If we don't obey these rules
+-- (i.e. ignore namespace-related errors from libxml), xpath()
+-- fails in subtle ways. The following would for example produce
+-- the xml value
+--   <invalidns xmlns='<'/>
+-- which is invalid because '<' may not appear un-escaped in
+-- attribute values.
+-- Since different libxml versions emit slightly different
+-- error messages, we suppress the DETAIL in this test.
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature at character 20
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- Again, the XML isn't well-formed for namespace purposes
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('/*', '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+                           ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- XPath deprecates relative namespaces, but they're not supposed to
+-- throw an error, only a warning.
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT xpath('/*', '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+                           ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- External entity references should not leak filesystem information.
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/passwd">]><foo>&c;</foo>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/no.such.file">]><foo>&c;</foo>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- This might or might not load the requested DTD, but it mustn't throw error.
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd"><chapter>&nbsp;</chapter>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- XMLPATH tests
+CREATE TABLE xmldata(data xml);
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="1">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>AU</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Australia</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="2">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>CN</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>China</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="3">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>HK</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>HongKong</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="4">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>IN</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>India</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="5">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>JP</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Japan</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Sinzo Abe</PREMIER_NAME>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="6">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>SG</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Singapore</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><SIZE unit="km">791</SIZE>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+                                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- XMLTABLE with columns
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME/text()' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name 
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE VIEW xmltableview1 AS SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME/text()' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name 
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+\sv xmltableview1
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW public.xmltableview1 AS
+ SELECT "xmltable".id,
+    "xmltable"._id,
+    "xmltable".country_name,
+    "xmltable".country_id,
+    "xmltable".region_id,
+    "xmltable".size,
+    "xmltable".unit,
+    "xmltable".premier_name
+   FROM ( SELECT xmldata.data
+           FROM xmldata) x,
+    LATERAL XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (x.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME/text()'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on xmldata
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE) SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                            QUERY PLAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME/text()'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- errors
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE (ROW () PASSING null COLUMNS v1 timestamp) AS f (v1, v2);
+ERROR:  XMLTABLE function has 1 columns available but 2 columns specified
+-- XMLNAMESPACES tests
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES('http://x.y' AS zz),
+                      '/zz:rows/zz:row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'zz:a');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 3:                       PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row...
+                                      ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+CREATE VIEW xmltableview2 AS SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES('http://x.y' AS zz),
+                      '/zz:rows/zz:row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'zz:a');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 3:                       PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row...
+                                      ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT * FROM xmltableview2;
+ERROR:  relation "xmltableview2" does not exist
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM xmltableview2;
+                      ^
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES(DEFAULT 'http://x.y'),
+                      '/rows/row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'a');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 3:                       PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row...
+                                      ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('.'
+                       PASSING '<foo/>'
+                       COLUMNS a text PATH 'foo/namespace::node()');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 2:                        PASSING '<foo/>'
+                                       ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- used in prepare statements
+PREPARE pp AS
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+EXECUTE pp;
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name 
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+ COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+--------------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id FOR ORDINALITY, "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+----+--------------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+----+--------------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id');
+ id 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id FOR ORDINALITY);
+ id 
+----
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int, rawdata xml PATH '.');
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID | rawdata 
+----+--------------+-----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int, rawdata xml PATH './*');
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID | rawdata 
+----+--------------+-----------+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/root' passing '<root><element>a1a<!-- aaaa -->a2a<?aaaaa?> <!--z-->  bbbb<x>xxx</x>cccc</element></root>' COLUMNS element text);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM xmltable('/root' passing '<root><element>a1a<!...
+                                               ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/root' passing '<root><element>a1a<!-- aaaa -->a2a<?aaaaa?> <!--z-->  bbbb<x>xxx</x>cccc</element></root>' COLUMNS element text PATH 'element/text()'); -- should fail
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM xmltable('/root' passing '<root><element>a1a<!...
+                                               ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- CDATA test
+select * from xmltable('d/r' passing '<d><r><c><![CDATA[<hello> &"<>!<a>foo</a>]]></c></r><r><c>2</c></r></d>' columns c text);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: select * from xmltable('d/r' passing '<d><r><c><![CDATA[<hel...
+                                             ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- XML builtin entities
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/x/a' PASSING '<x><a><ent>&apos;</ent></a><a><ent>&quot;</ent></a><a><ent>&amp;</ent></a><a><ent>&lt;</ent></a><a><ent>&gt;</ent></a></x>' COLUMNS ent text);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM xmltable('/x/a' PASSING '<x><a><ent>&apos;</en...
+                                              ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/x/a' PASSING '<x><a><ent>&apos;</ent></a><a><ent>&quot;</ent></a><a><ent>&amp;</ent></a><a><ent>&lt;</ent></a><a><ent>&gt;</ent></a></x>' COLUMNS ent xml);
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM xmltable('/x/a' PASSING '<x><a><ent>&apos;</en...
+                                              ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                        QUERY PLAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- test qual
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int) WHERE "COUNTRY_NAME" = 'Japan';
+ COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+--------------+-----------
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int) WHERE "COUNTRY_NAME" = 'Japan';
+                                                                                    QUERY PLAN                                                                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable"."COUNTRY_NAME", "xmltable"."REGION_ID"
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable"."COUNTRY_NAME", "xmltable"."REGION_ID"
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" integer)
+         Filter: ("xmltable"."COUNTRY_NAME" = 'Japan'::text)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- should to work with more data
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="10">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>CZ</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Czech Republic</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Milos Zeman</PREMIER_NAME>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="11">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>DE</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Germany</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="12">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>FR</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>France</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+                                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="20">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>EG</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Egypt</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>1</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="21">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>SD</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Sudan</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>1</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+                                   ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name 
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified')
+  WHERE region_id = 2;
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name 
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified')
+  WHERE region_id = 2;
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                        QUERY PLAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+         Filter: ("xmltable".region_id = 2)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- should fail, NULL value
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE' NOT NULL,
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name 
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+--------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- if all is ok, then result is empty
+-- one line xml test
+WITH
+   x AS (SELECT proname, proowner, procost::numeric, pronargs,
+                array_to_string(proargnames,',') as proargnames,
+                case when proargtypes <> '' then array_to_string(proargtypes::oid[],',') end as proargtypes
+           FROM pg_proc WHERE proname = 'f_leak'),
+   y AS (SELECT xmlelement(name proc,
+                           xmlforest(proname, proowner,
+                                     procost, pronargs,
+                                     proargnames, proargtypes)) as proc
+           FROM x),
+   z AS (SELECT xmltable.*
+           FROM y,
+                LATERAL xmltable('/proc' PASSING proc
+                                 COLUMNS proname name,
+                                         proowner oid,
+                                         procost float,
+                                         pronargs int,
+                                         proargnames text,
+                                         proargtypes text))
+   SELECT * FROM z
+   EXCEPT SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- multi line xml test, result should be empty too
+WITH
+   x AS (SELECT proname, proowner, procost::numeric, pronargs,
+                array_to_string(proargnames,',') as proargnames,
+                case when proargtypes <> '' then array_to_string(proargtypes::oid[],',') end as proargtypes
+           FROM pg_proc),
+   y AS (SELECT xmlelement(name data,
+                           xmlagg(xmlelement(name proc,
+                                             xmlforest(proname, proowner, procost,
+                                                       pronargs, proargnames, proargtypes)))) as doc
+           FROM x),
+   z AS (SELECT xmltable.*
+           FROM y,
+                LATERAL xmltable('/data/proc' PASSING doc
+                                 COLUMNS proname name,
+                                         proowner oid,
+                                         procost float,
+                                         pronargs int,
+                                         proargnames text,
+                                         proargtypes text))
+   SELECT * FROM z
+   EXCEPT SELECT * FROM x;
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+CREATE TABLE xmltest2(x xml, _path text);
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><ac>1</ac></r></d>', 'A');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><ac>1</ac></r></d>', 'A')...
+                                    ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><bc>2</bc></r></d>', 'B');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><bc>2</bc></r></d>', 'B')...
+                                    ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><cc>3</cc></r></d>', 'C');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><cc>3</cc></r></d>', 'C')...
+                                    ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><dc>2</dc></r></d>', 'D');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><dc>2</dc></r></d>', 'D')...
+                                    ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable('/d/r' PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH '' || lower(_path) || 'c');
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable(('/d/r/' || lower(_path) || 'c') PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH '.');
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable(('/d/r/' || lower(_path) || 'c') PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH 'x' DEFAULT ascii(_path) - 54);
+ a 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+-- XPath result can be boolean or number too
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('*' PASSING '<a>a</a>' COLUMNS a xml PATH '.', b text PATH '.', c text PATH '"hi"', d boolean PATH '. = "a"', e integer PATH 'string-length(.)');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('*' PASSING '<a>a</a>' COLUMNS a xml ...
+                                           ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+\x
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('*' PASSING '<e>pre<!--c1--><?pi arg?><![CDATA[&ent1]]><n2>&amp;deep</n2>post</e>' COLUMNS x xml PATH 'node()', y xml PATH '/');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+LINE 1: SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('*' PASSING '<e>pre<!--c1--><?pi arg?...
+                                           ^
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+\x
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('.' PASSING XMLELEMENT(NAME a) columns a varchar(20) PATH '"<foo/>"', b xml PATH '"<foo/>"');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/xml_2.out b/src/test/regress/expected/xml_2.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..493c618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/xml_2.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1550 @@
+CREATE TABLE xmltest (
+    id int,
+    data xml
+);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (1, '<value>one</value>');
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (2, '<value>two</value>');
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (3, '<wrong');
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (3, '<wrong');
+                                       ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: Couldn't find end of Start Tag wrong line 1
+SELECT * FROM xmltest;
+ id |        data        
+----+--------------------
+  1 | <value>one</value>
+  2 | <value>two</value>
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmlcomment('test');
+ xmlcomment  
+-------------
+ <!--test-->
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlcomment('-test');
+  xmlcomment  
+--------------
+ <!---test-->
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlcomment('test-');
+ERROR:  invalid XML comment
+SELECT xmlcomment('--test');
+ERROR:  invalid XML comment
+SELECT xmlcomment('te st');
+  xmlcomment  
+--------------
+ <!--te st-->
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat(xmlcomment('hello'),
+                 xmlelement(NAME qux, 'foo'),
+                 xmlcomment('world'));
+               xmlconcat                
+----------------------------------------
+ <!--hello--><qux>foo</qux><!--world-->
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat('hello', 'you');
+ xmlconcat 
+-----------
+ helloyou
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat(1, 2);
+ERROR:  argument of XMLCONCAT must be type xml, not type integer
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlconcat(1, 2);
+                         ^
+SELECT xmlconcat('bad', '<syntax');
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: SELECT xmlconcat('bad', '<syntax');
+                                ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: Couldn't find end of Start Tag syntax line 1
+SELECT xmlconcat('<foo/>', NULL, '<?xml version="1.1" standalone="no"?><bar/>');
+  xmlconcat   
+--------------
+ <foo/><bar/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat('<?xml version="1.1"?><foo/>', NULL, '<?xml version="1.1" standalone="no"?><bar/>');
+             xmlconcat             
+-----------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.1"?><foo/><bar/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat(NULL);
+ xmlconcat 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlconcat(NULL, NULL);
+ xmlconcat 
+-----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name element,
+                  xmlattributes (1 as one, 'deuce' as two),
+                  'content');
+                   xmlelement                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ <element one="1" two="deuce">content</element>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name element,
+                  xmlattributes ('unnamed and wrong'));
+ERROR:  unnamed XML attribute value must be a column reference
+LINE 2:                   xmlattributes ('unnamed and wrong'));
+                                         ^
+SELECT xmlelement(name element, xmlelement(name nested, 'stuff'));
+                xmlelement                 
+-------------------------------------------
+ <element><nested>stuff</nested></element>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name employee, xmlforest(name, age, salary as pay)) FROM emp;
+                              xmlelement                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <employee><name>sharon</name><age>25</age><pay>1000</pay></employee>
+ <employee><name>sam</name><age>30</age><pay>2000</pay></employee>
+ <employee><name>bill</name><age>20</age><pay>1000</pay></employee>
+ <employee><name>jeff</name><age>23</age><pay>600</pay></employee>
+ <employee><name>cim</name><age>30</age><pay>400</pay></employee>
+ <employee><name>linda</name><age>19</age><pay>100</pay></employee>
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name duplicate, xmlattributes(1 as a, 2 as b, 3 as a));
+ERROR:  XML attribute name "a" appears more than once
+LINE 1: ...ment(name duplicate, xmlattributes(1 as a, 2 as b, 3 as a));
+                                                              ^
+SELECT xmlelement(name num, 37);
+  xmlelement   
+---------------
+ <num>37</num>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, text 'bar');
+   xmlelement   
+----------------
+ <foo>bar</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xml 'bar');
+   xmlelement   
+----------------
+ <foo>bar</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, text 'b<a/>r');
+       xmlelement        
+-------------------------
+ <foo>b&lt;a/&gt;r</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xml 'b<a/>r');
+    xmlelement     
+-------------------
+ <foo>b<a/>r</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, array[1, 2, 3]);
+                               xmlelement                                
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <foo><element>1</element><element>2</element><element>3</element></foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SET xmlbinary TO base64;
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, bytea 'bar');
+   xmlelement    
+-----------------
+ <foo>YmFy</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SET xmlbinary TO hex;
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, bytea 'bar');
+    xmlelement     
+-------------------
+ <foo>626172</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes(true as bar));
+    xmlelement     
+-------------------
+ <foo bar="true"/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('2009-04-09 00:24:37'::timestamp as bar));
+            xmlelement            
+----------------------------------
+ <foo bar="2009-04-09T00:24:37"/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('infinity'::timestamp as bar));
+ERROR:  timestamp out of range
+DETAIL:  XML does not support infinite timestamp values.
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('<>&"''' as funny, xml 'b<a/>r' as funnier));
+                         xmlelement                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ <foo funny="&lt;&gt;&amp;&quot;'" funnier="b&lt;a/&gt;r"/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '');
+ xmlparse 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '  ');
+ xmlparse 
+----------
+   
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content 'abc');
+ xmlparse 
+----------
+ abc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<abc>x</abc>');
+   xmlparse   
+--------------
+ <abc>x</abc>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<invalidentity>&</invalidentity>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+DETAIL:  line 1: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
+<invalidentity>&</invalidentity>
+                ^
+line 1: chunk is not well balanced
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</undefinedentity>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+DETAIL:  line 1: Entity 'idontexist' not defined
+<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</undefinedentity>
+                             ^
+line 1: chunk is not well balanced
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+         xmlparse          
+---------------------------
+ <invalidns xmlns='&lt;'/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+            xmlparse            
+--------------------------------
+ <relativens xmlns='relative'/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+DETAIL:  line 1: Entity 'idontexist' not defined
+<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>
+                       ^
+line 1: Opening and ending tag mismatch: twoerrors line 1 and unbalanced
+line 1: chunk is not well balanced
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+      xmlparse       
+---------------------
+ <nosuchprefix:tag/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(document '   ');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: Start tag expected, '<' not found
+SELECT xmlparse(document 'abc');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: Start tag expected, '<' not found
+abc
+^
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<abc>x</abc>');
+   xmlparse   
+--------------
+ <abc>x</abc>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<invalidentity>&</abc>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
+<invalidentity>&</abc>
+                ^
+line 1: Opening and ending tag mismatch: invalidentity line 1 and abc
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</abc>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: Entity 'idontexist' not defined
+<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</abc>
+                             ^
+line 1: Opening and ending tag mismatch: undefinedentity line 1 and abc
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+         xmlparse          
+---------------------------
+ <invalidns xmlns='&lt;'/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+            xmlparse            
+--------------------------------
+ <relativens xmlns='relative'/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: Entity 'idontexist' not defined
+<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>
+                       ^
+line 1: Opening and ending tag mismatch: twoerrors line 1 and unbalanced
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+      xmlparse       
+---------------------
+ <nosuchprefix:tag/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo);
+  xmlpi  
+---------
+ <?foo?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name xml);
+ERROR:  invalid XML processing instruction
+DETAIL:  XML processing instruction target name cannot be "xml".
+SELECT xmlpi(name xmlstuff);
+    xmlpi     
+--------------
+ <?xmlstuff?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'bar');
+    xmlpi    
+-------------
+ <?foo bar?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'in?>valid');
+ERROR:  invalid XML processing instruction
+DETAIL:  XML processing instruction cannot contain "?>".
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, null);
+ xmlpi 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name xml, null);
+ERROR:  invalid XML processing instruction
+DETAIL:  XML processing instruction target name cannot be "xml".
+SELECT xmlpi(name xmlstuff, null);
+ xmlpi 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name "xml-stylesheet", 'href="mystyle.css" type="text/css"');
+                         xmlpi                         
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ <?xml-stylesheet href="mystyle.css" type="text/css"?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, '   bar');
+    xmlpi    
+-------------
+ <?foo bar?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone no value);
+ xmlroot 
+---------
+ <foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version '2.0');
+           xmlroot           
+-----------------------------
+ <?xml version="2.0"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+                   xmlroot                    
+----------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<?xml version="1.1"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+                   xmlroot                    
+----------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot(xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version '1.0'), version '1.1', standalone no);
+                   xmlroot                   
+---------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.1" standalone="no"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone no);
+                   xmlroot                   
+---------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone no value);
+ xmlroot 
+---------
+ <foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value);
+                   xmlroot                    
+----------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?><foo/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlroot (
+  xmlelement (
+    name gazonk,
+    xmlattributes (
+      'val' AS name,
+      1 + 1 AS num
+    ),
+    xmlelement (
+      NAME qux,
+      'foo'
+    )
+  ),
+  version '1.0',
+  standalone yes
+);
+                                         xmlroot                                          
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?><gazonk name="val" num="2"><qux>foo</qux></gazonk>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlserialize(content data as character varying(20)) FROM xmltest;
+    xmlserialize    
+--------------------
+ <value>one</value>
+ <value>two</value>
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as char(10));
+ xmlserialize 
+--------------
+ good      
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlserialize(document 'bad' as text);
+ERROR:  not an XML document
+SELECT xml '<foo>bar</foo>' IS DOCUMENT;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<foo>bar</foo><bar>foo</bar>' IS DOCUMENT;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<abc/>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml 'abc' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT '<>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: SELECT '<>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+               ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: StartTag: invalid element name
+<>
+ ^
+SELECT xmlagg(data) FROM xmltest;
+                xmlagg                
+--------------------------------------
+ <value>one</value><value>two</value>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlagg(data) FROM xmltest WHERE id > 10;
+ xmlagg 
+--------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name employees, xmlagg(xmlelement(name name, name))) FROM emp;
+                                                           xmlelement                                                           
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <employees><name>sharon</name><name>sam</name><name>bill</name><name>jeff</name><name>cim</name><name>linda</name></employees>
+(1 row)
+
+-- Check mapping SQL identifier to XML name
+SELECT xmlpi(name ":::_xml_abc135.%-&_");
+                      xmlpi                      
+-------------------------------------------------
+ <?_x003A_::_x005F_xml_abc135._x0025_-_x0026__?>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name "123");
+     xmlpi     
+---------------
+ <?_x0031_23?>
+(1 row)
+
+PREPARE foo (xml) AS SELECT xmlconcat('<foo/>', $1);
+SET XML OPTION DOCUMENT;
+EXECUTE foo ('<bar/>');
+  xmlconcat   
+--------------
+ <foo/><bar/>
+(1 row)
+
+EXECUTE foo ('bad');
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+LINE 1: EXECUTE foo ('bad');
+                     ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: Start tag expected, '<' not found
+bad
+^
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+ERROR:  invalid XML document
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: Extra content at the end of the document
+<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>
+                ^
+SET XML OPTION CONTENT;
+EXECUTE foo ('<bar/>');
+  xmlconcat   
+--------------
+ <foo/><bar/>
+(1 row)
+
+EXECUTE foo ('good');
+ xmlconcat  
+------------
+ <foo/>good
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<!-- in SQL:2006+ a doc is content too--> <?y z?> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+                                xml                                 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <!-- in SQL:2006+ a doc is content too--> <?y z?> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- hi--> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+             xml              
+------------------------------
+  <!-- hi--> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+       xml        
+------------------
+ <!DOCTYPE a><a/>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> oops <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> oops <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: StartTag: invalid element name
+<!-- hi--> oops <!DOCTYPE a><a/>
+                 ^
+SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> <oops/> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> <oops/> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: StartTag: invalid element name
+<!-- hi--> <oops/> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>
+                    ^
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+ERROR:  invalid XML content
+LINE 1: SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+                   ^
+DETAIL:  line 1: Extra content at the end of the document
+<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>
+                ^
+-- Test backwards parsing
+CREATE VIEW xmlview1 AS SELECT xmlcomment('test');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview2 AS SELECT xmlconcat('hello', 'you');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview3 AS SELECT xmlelement(name element, xmlattributes (1 as ":one:", 'deuce' as two), 'content&');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview4 AS SELECT xmlelement(name employee, xmlforest(name, age, salary as pay)) FROM emp;
+CREATE VIEW xmlview5 AS SELECT xmlparse(content '<abc>x</abc>');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview6 AS SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'bar');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview7 AS SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+CREATE VIEW xmlview8 AS SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as char(10));
+CREATE VIEW xmlview9 AS SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as text);
+SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
+  WHERE table_name LIKE 'xmlview%' ORDER BY 1;
+ table_name |                                                  view_definition                                                  
+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ xmlview1   |  SELECT xmlcomment('test'::text) AS xmlcomment;
+ xmlview2   |  SELECT XMLCONCAT('hello'::xml, 'you'::xml) AS "xmlconcat";
+ xmlview3   |  SELECT XMLELEMENT(NAME element, XMLATTRIBUTES(1 AS ":one:", 'deuce' AS two), 'content&') AS "xmlelement";
+ xmlview4   |  SELECT XMLELEMENT(NAME employee, XMLFOREST(emp.name AS name, emp.age AS age, emp.salary AS pay)) AS "xmlelement"+
+            |    FROM emp;
+ xmlview5   |  SELECT XMLPARSE(CONTENT '<abc>x</abc>'::text STRIP WHITESPACE) AS "xmlparse";
+ xmlview6   |  SELECT XMLPI(NAME foo, 'bar'::text) AS "xmlpi";
+ xmlview7   |  SELECT XMLROOT('<foo/>'::xml, VERSION NO VALUE, STANDALONE YES) AS "xmlroot";
+ xmlview8   |  SELECT (XMLSERIALIZE(CONTENT 'good'::xml AS character(10)))::character(10) AS "xmlserialize";
+ xmlview9   |  SELECT XMLSERIALIZE(CONTENT 'good'::xml AS text) AS "xmlserialize";
+(9 rows)
+
+-- Text XPath expressions evaluation
+SELECT xpath('/value', data) FROM xmltest;
+        xpath         
+----------------------
+ {<value>one</value>}
+ {<value>two</value>}
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xpath(NULL, NULL) IS NULL FROM xmltest;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+ t
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xpath('', '<!-- error -->');
+ERROR:  empty XPath expression
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "xpath" statement 1
+SELECT xpath('//text()', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>');
+     xpath      
+----------------
+ {"number one"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece/@id', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+ xpath 
+-------
+ {1,2}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+                                                                     xpath                                                                      
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"<local:piece xmlns:local=\"http://127.0.0.1\" id=\"1\">number one</local:piece>","<local:piece xmlns:local=\"http://127.0.0.1\" id=\"2\"/>"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1" xmlns="http://127.0.0.2"><local:piece id="1"><internal>number one</internal><internal2/></local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+                                                                                                   xpath                                                                                                    
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"<local:piece xmlns:local=\"http://127.0.0.1\" xmlns=\"http://127.0.0.2\" id=\"1\"><internal>number one</internal><internal2/></local:piece>","<local:piece xmlns:local=\"http://127.0.0.1\" id=\"2\"/>"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//b', '<a>one <b>two</b> three <b>etc</b></a>');
+          xpath          
+-------------------------
+ {<b>two</b>,<b>etc</b>}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//text()', '<root>&lt;</root>');
+ xpath  
+--------
+ {&lt;}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('//@value', '<root value="&lt;"/>');
+ xpath  
+--------
+ {&lt;}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('''<<invalid>>''', '<root/>');
+           xpath           
+---------------------------
+ {&lt;&lt;invalid&gt;&gt;}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+ xpath 
+-------
+ {3}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)=0', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+  xpath  
+---------
+ {false}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)=3', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+ xpath  
+--------
+ {true}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('name(/*)', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+ xpath  
+--------
+ {root}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('/nosuchtag', '<root/>');
+ xpath 
+-------
+ {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath('root', '<root/>');
+   xpath   
+-----------
+ {<root/>}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Round-trip non-ASCII data through xpath().
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+  xml_declaration text := '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>';
+  degree_symbol text;
+  res xml[];
+BEGIN
+  -- Per the documentation, except when the server encoding is UTF8, xpath()
+  -- may not work on non-ASCII data.  The untranslatable_character and
+  -- undefined_function traps below, currently dead code, will become relevant
+  -- if we remove this limitation.
+  IF current_setting('server_encoding') <> 'UTF8' THEN
+    RAISE LOG 'skip: encoding % unsupported for xpath',
+      current_setting('server_encoding');
+    RETURN;
+  END IF;
+
+  degree_symbol := convert_from('\xc2b0', 'UTF8');
+  res := xpath('text()', (xml_declaration ||
+    '<x>' || degree_symbol || '</x>')::xml);
+  IF degree_symbol <> res[1]::text THEN
+    RAISE 'expected % (%), got % (%)',
+      degree_symbol, convert_to(degree_symbol, 'UTF8'),
+      res[1], convert_to(res[1]::text, 'UTF8');
+  END IF;
+EXCEPTION
+  -- character with byte sequence 0xc2 0xb0 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN8"
+  WHEN untranslatable_character
+  -- default conversion function for encoding "UTF8" to "MULE_INTERNAL" does not exist
+  OR undefined_function
+  -- unsupported XML feature
+  OR feature_not_supported THEN
+    RAISE LOG 'skip: %', SQLERRM;
+END
+$$;
+-- Test xmlexists and xpath_exists
+SELECT xmlexists('//town[text() = ''Toronto'']' PASSING BY REF '<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>');
+ xmlexists 
+-----------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlexists('//town[text() = ''Cwmbran'']' PASSING BY REF '<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>');
+ xmlexists 
+-----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xmlexists('count(/nosuchtag)' PASSING BY REF '<root/>');
+ xmlexists 
+-----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath_exists('//town[text() = ''Toronto'']','<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>'::xml);
+ xpath_exists 
+--------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath_exists('//town[text() = ''Cwmbran'']','<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>'::xml);
+ xpath_exists 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xpath_exists('count(/nosuchtag)', '<root/>'::xml);
+ xpath_exists 
+--------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (4, '<menu><beers><name>Budvar</name><cost>free</cost><name>Carling</name><cost>lots</cost></beers></menu>'::xml);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (5, '<menu><beers><name>Molson</name><cost>free</cost><name>Carling</name><cost>lots</cost></beers></menu>'::xml);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (6, '<myns:menu xmlns:myns="http://myns.com"><myns:beers><myns:name>Budvar</myns:name><myns:cost>free</myns:cost><myns:name>Carling</myns:name><myns:cost>lots</myns:cost></myns:beers></myns:menu>'::xml);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (7, '<myns:menu xmlns:myns="http://myns.com"><myns:beers><myns:name>Molson</myns:name><myns:cost>free</myns:cost><myns:name>Carling</myns:name><myns:cost>lots</myns:cost></myns:beers></myns:menu>'::xml);
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beer' PASSING data);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beer' PASSING BY REF data BY REF);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beers' PASSING BY REF data);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beers/name[text() = ''Molson'']' PASSING BY REF data);
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beer',data);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beers',data);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beers/name[text() = ''Molson'']',data);
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beer',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+ count 
+-------
+     0
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beers',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beers/myns:name[text() = ''Molson'']',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+ count 
+-------
+     1
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE TABLE query ( expr TEXT );
+INSERT INTO query VALUES ('/menu/beers/cost[text() = ''lots'']');
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest, query WHERE xmlexists(expr PASSING BY REF data);
+ count 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test xml_is_well_formed and variants
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_document('<foo>bar</foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed_document 
+-----------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_document('abc');
+ xml_is_well_formed_document 
+-----------------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_content('<foo>bar</foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed_content 
+----------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_content('abc');
+ xml_is_well_formed_content 
+----------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SET xmloption TO DOCUMENT;
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('abc');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<abc/>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo>bar</foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo>bar</foo');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo><bar>baz</foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<pg:foo xmlns:pg="http://postgresql.org/stuff">bar</my:foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<pg:foo xmlns:pg="http://postgresql.org/stuff">bar</pg:foo>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<invalidentity>&</abc>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</abc>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ f
+(1 row)
+
+SET xmloption TO CONTENT;
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('abc');
+ xml_is_well_formed 
+--------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Since xpath() deals with namespaces, it's a bit stricter about
+-- what's well-formed and what's not. If we don't obey these rules
+-- (i.e. ignore namespace-related errors from libxml), xpath()
+-- fails in subtle ways. The following would for example produce
+-- the xml value
+--   <invalidns xmlns='<'/>
+-- which is invalid because '<' may not appear un-escaped in
+-- attribute values.
+-- Since different libxml versions emit slightly different
+-- error messages, we suppress the DETAIL in this test.
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+ERROR:  could not parse XML document
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- Again, the XML isn't well-formed for namespace purposes
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+ERROR:  could not parse XML document
+DETAIL:  line 1: Namespace prefix nosuchprefix on tag is not defined
+<nosuchprefix:tag/>
+                 ^
+CONTEXT:  SQL function "xpath" statement 1
+-- XPath deprecates relative namespaces, but they're not supposed to
+-- throw an error, only a warning.
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+WARNING:  line 1: xmlns: URI relative is not absolute
+<relativens xmlns='relative'/>
+                            ^
+                xpath                 
+--------------------------------------
+ {"<relativens xmlns=\"relative\"/>"}
+(1 row)
+
+-- External entity references should not leak filesystem information.
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/passwd">]><foo>&c;</foo>');
+                            xmlparse                             
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+ <!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/passwd">]><foo>&c;</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/no.such.file">]><foo>&c;</foo>');
+                               xmlparse                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/no.such.file">]><foo>&c;</foo>
+(1 row)
+
+-- This might or might not load the requested DTD, but it mustn't throw error.
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd"><chapter>&nbsp;</chapter>');
+                                                                       xmlparse                                                                       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd"><chapter>&nbsp;</chapter>
+(1 row)
+
+-- XMLPATH tests
+CREATE TABLE xmldata(data xml);
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="1">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>AU</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Australia</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="2">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>CN</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>China</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="3">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>HK</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>HongKong</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="4">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>IN</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>India</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="5">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>JP</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Japan</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Sinzo Abe</PREMIER_NAME>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="6">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>SG</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Singapore</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><SIZE unit="km">791</SIZE>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+-- XMLTABLE with columns
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME/text()' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name  
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+---------------
+  1 |   1 | Australia    | AU         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  2 |   2 | China        | CN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  3 |   3 | HongKong     | HK         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  4 |   4 | India        | IN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  5 |   5 | Japan        | JP         |         3 |      |      | Sinzo Abe
+  6 |   6 | Singapore    | SG         |         3 |  791 | km   | not specified
+(6 rows)
+
+CREATE VIEW xmltableview1 AS SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME/text()' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name  
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+---------------
+  1 |   1 | Australia    | AU         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  2 |   2 | China        | CN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  3 |   3 | HongKong     | HK         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  4 |   4 | India        | IN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  5 |   5 | Japan        | JP         |         3 |      |      | Sinzo Abe
+  6 |   6 | Singapore    | SG         |         3 |  791 | km   | not specified
+(6 rows)
+
+\sv xmltableview1
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW public.xmltableview1 AS
+ SELECT "xmltable".id,
+    "xmltable"._id,
+    "xmltable".country_name,
+    "xmltable".country_id,
+    "xmltable".region_id,
+    "xmltable".size,
+    "xmltable".unit,
+    "xmltable".premier_name
+   FROM ( SELECT xmldata.data
+           FROM xmldata) x,
+    LATERAL XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (x.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME/text()'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+               QUERY PLAN                
+-----------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   ->  Seq Scan on xmldata
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE) SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                            QUERY PLAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME/text()'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- errors
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE (ROW () PASSING null COLUMNS v1 timestamp) AS f (v1, v2);
+ERROR:  XMLTABLE function has 1 columns available but 2 columns specified
+-- XMLNAMESPACES tests
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES('http://x.y' AS zz),
+                      '/zz:rows/zz:row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'zz:a');
+ a  
+----
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE VIEW xmltableview2 AS SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES('http://x.y' AS zz),
+                      '/zz:rows/zz:row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'zz:a');
+SELECT * FROM xmltableview2;
+ a  
+----
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES(DEFAULT 'http://x.y'),
+                      '/rows/row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'a');
+ERROR:  DEFAULT namespace is not supported
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('.'
+                       PASSING '<foo/>'
+                       COLUMNS a text PATH 'foo/namespace::node()');
+                  a                   
+--------------------------------------
+ http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace
+(1 row)
+
+-- used in prepare statements
+PREPARE pp AS
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+EXECUTE pp;
+ id | _id | country_name | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name  
+----+-----+--------------+------------+-----------+------+------+---------------
+  1 |   1 | Australia    | AU         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  2 |   2 | China        | CN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  3 |   3 | HongKong     | HK         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  4 |   4 | India        | IN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  5 |   5 | Japan        | JP         |         3 |      |      | Sinzo Abe
+  6 |   6 | Singapore    | SG         |         3 |  791 | km   | not specified
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+ COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+--------------+-----------
+ India        |         3
+ Japan        |         3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id FOR ORDINALITY, "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+----+--------------+-----------
+  1 | India        |         3
+  2 | Japan        |         3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+----+--------------+-----------
+  4 | India        |         3
+  5 | Japan        |         3
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id');
+ id 
+----
+  4
+  5
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id FOR ORDINALITY);
+ id 
+----
+  1
+  2
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int, rawdata xml PATH '.');
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID |                             rawdata                              
+----+--------------+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------
+  4 | India        |         3 | <ROW id="4">                                                    +
+    |              |           |   <COUNTRY_ID>IN</COUNTRY_ID>                                   +
+    |              |           |   <COUNTRY_NAME>India</COUNTRY_NAME>                            +
+    |              |           |   <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>                                      +
+    |              |           | </ROW>
+  5 | Japan        |         3 | <ROW id="5">                                                    +
+    |              |           |   <COUNTRY_ID>JP</COUNTRY_ID>                                   +
+    |              |           |   <COUNTRY_NAME>Japan</COUNTRY_NAME>                            +
+    |              |           |   <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Sinzo Abe</PREMIER_NAME>+
+    |              |           | </ROW>
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int, rawdata xml PATH './*');
+ id | COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID |                                                           rawdata                                                           
+----+--------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  4 | India        |         3 | <COUNTRY_ID>IN</COUNTRY_ID><COUNTRY_NAME>India</COUNTRY_NAME><REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+  5 | Japan        |         3 | <COUNTRY_ID>JP</COUNTRY_ID><COUNTRY_NAME>Japan</COUNTRY_NAME><REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Sinzo Abe</PREMIER_NAME>
+(2 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/root' passing '<root><element>a1a<!-- aaaa -->a2a<?aaaaa?> <!--z-->  bbbb<x>xxx</x>cccc</element></root>' COLUMNS element text);
+       element        
+----------------------
+ a1aa2a   bbbbxxxcccc
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/root' passing '<root><element>a1a<!-- aaaa -->a2a<?aaaaa?> <!--z-->  bbbb<x>xxx</x>cccc</element></root>' COLUMNS element text PATH 'element/text()'); -- should fail
+ERROR:  more than one value returned by column XPath expression
+-- CDATA test
+select * from xmltable('d/r' passing '<d><r><c><![CDATA[<hello> &"<>!<a>foo</a>]]></c></r><r><c>2</c></r></d>' columns c text);
+            c            
+-------------------------
+ <hello> &"<>!<a>foo</a>
+ 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- XML builtin entities
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/x/a' PASSING '<x><a><ent>&apos;</ent></a><a><ent>&quot;</ent></a><a><ent>&amp;</ent></a><a><ent>&lt;</ent></a><a><ent>&gt;</ent></a></x>' COLUMNS ent text);
+ ent 
+-----
+ '
+ "
+ &
+ <
+ >
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/x/a' PASSING '<x><a><ent>&apos;</ent></a><a><ent>&quot;</ent></a><a><ent>&amp;</ent></a><a><ent>&lt;</ent></a><a><ent>&gt;</ent></a></x>' COLUMNS ent xml);
+       ent        
+------------------
+ <ent>'</ent>
+ <ent>"</ent>
+ <ent>&amp;</ent>
+ <ent>&lt;</ent>
+ <ent>&gt;</ent>
+(5 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                        QUERY PLAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+(7 rows)
+
+-- test qual
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int) WHERE "COUNTRY_NAME" = 'Japan';
+ COUNTRY_NAME | REGION_ID 
+--------------+-----------
+ Japan        |         3
+(1 row)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int) WHERE "COUNTRY_NAME" = 'Japan';
+                                                                                    QUERY PLAN                                                                                    
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable"."COUNTRY_NAME", "xmltable"."REGION_ID"
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable"."COUNTRY_NAME", "xmltable"."REGION_ID"
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" integer)
+         Filter: ("xmltable"."COUNTRY_NAME" = 'Japan'::text)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- should to work with more data
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="10">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>CZ</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Czech Republic</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Milos Zeman</PREMIER_NAME>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="11">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>DE</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Germany</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="12">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>FR</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>France</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="20">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>EG</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Egypt</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>1</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="21">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>SD</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Sudan</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>1</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+ id | _id |  country_name  | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name  
+----+-----+----------------+------------+-----------+------+------+---------------
+  1 |   1 | Australia      | AU         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  2 |   2 | China          | CN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  3 |   3 | HongKong       | HK         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  4 |   4 | India          | IN         |         3 |      |      | not specified
+  5 |   5 | Japan          | JP         |         3 |      |      | Sinzo Abe
+  6 |   6 | Singapore      | SG         |         3 |  791 | km   | not specified
+ 10 |   1 | Czech Republic | CZ         |         2 |      |      | Milos Zeman
+ 11 |   2 | Germany        | DE         |         2 |      |      | not specified
+ 12 |   3 | France         | FR         |         2 |      |      | not specified
+ 20 |   1 | Egypt          | EG         |         1 |      |      | not specified
+ 21 |   2 | Sudan          | SD         |         1 |      |      | not specified
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified')
+  WHERE region_id = 2;
+ id | _id |  country_name  | country_id | region_id | size | unit | premier_name  
+----+-----+----------------+------------+-----------+------+------+---------------
+ 10 |   1 | Czech Republic | CZ         |         2 |      |      | Milos Zeman
+ 11 |   2 | Germany        | DE         |         2 |      |      | not specified
+ 12 |   3 | France         | FR         |         2 |      |      | not specified
+(3 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified')
+  WHERE region_id = 2;
+                                                                                                                                                                                                                        QUERY PLAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Nested Loop
+   Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.xmldata
+         Output: xmldata.data
+   ->  Table Function Scan on "xmltable"
+         Output: "xmltable".id, "xmltable"._id, "xmltable".country_name, "xmltable".country_id, "xmltable".region_id, "xmltable".size, "xmltable".unit, "xmltable".premier_name
+         Table Function Call: XMLTABLE(('/ROWS/ROW'::text) PASSING (xmldata.data) COLUMNS id integer PATH ('@id'::text), _id FOR ORDINALITY, country_name text PATH ('COUNTRY_NAME'::text) NOT NULL, country_id text PATH ('COUNTRY_ID'::text), region_id integer PATH ('REGION_ID'::text), size double precision PATH ('SIZE'::text), unit text PATH ('SIZE/@unit'::text), premier_name text DEFAULT ('not specified'::text) PATH ('PREMIER_NAME'::text))
+         Filter: ("xmltable".region_id = 2)
+(8 rows)
+
+-- should fail, NULL value
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE' NOT NULL,
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+ERROR:  null is not allowed in column "size"
+-- if all is ok, then result is empty
+-- one line xml test
+WITH
+   x AS (SELECT proname, proowner, procost::numeric, pronargs,
+                array_to_string(proargnames,',') as proargnames,
+                case when proargtypes <> '' then array_to_string(proargtypes::oid[],',') end as proargtypes
+           FROM pg_proc WHERE proname = 'f_leak'),
+   y AS (SELECT xmlelement(name proc,
+                           xmlforest(proname, proowner,
+                                     procost, pronargs,
+                                     proargnames, proargtypes)) as proc
+           FROM x),
+   z AS (SELECT xmltable.*
+           FROM y,
+                LATERAL xmltable('/proc' PASSING proc
+                                 COLUMNS proname name,
+                                         proowner oid,
+                                         procost float,
+                                         pronargs int,
+                                         proargnames text,
+                                         proargtypes text))
+   SELECT * FROM z
+   EXCEPT SELECT * FROM x;
+ proname | proowner | procost | pronargs | proargnames | proargtypes 
+---------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- multi line xml test, result should be empty too
+WITH
+   x AS (SELECT proname, proowner, procost::numeric, pronargs,
+                array_to_string(proargnames,',') as proargnames,
+                case when proargtypes <> '' then array_to_string(proargtypes::oid[],',') end as proargtypes
+           FROM pg_proc),
+   y AS (SELECT xmlelement(name data,
+                           xmlagg(xmlelement(name proc,
+                                             xmlforest(proname, proowner, procost,
+                                                       pronargs, proargnames, proargtypes)))) as doc
+           FROM x),
+   z AS (SELECT xmltable.*
+           FROM y,
+                LATERAL xmltable('/data/proc' PASSING doc
+                                 COLUMNS proname name,
+                                         proowner oid,
+                                         procost float,
+                                         pronargs int,
+                                         proargnames text,
+                                         proargtypes text))
+   SELECT * FROM z
+   EXCEPT SELECT * FROM x;
+ proname | proowner | procost | pronargs | proargnames | proargtypes 
+---------+----------+---------+----------+-------------+-------------
+(0 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE xmltest2(x xml, _path text);
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><ac>1</ac></r></d>', 'A');
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><bc>2</bc></r></d>', 'B');
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><cc>3</cc></r></d>', 'C');
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><dc>2</dc></r></d>', 'D');
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable('/d/r' PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH '' || lower(_path) || 'c');
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 2
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable(('/d/r/' || lower(_path) || 'c') PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH '.');
+ a 
+---
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 2
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable(('/d/r/' || lower(_path) || 'c') PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH 'x' DEFAULT ascii(_path) - 54);
+ a  
+----
+ 11
+ 12
+ 13
+ 14
+(4 rows)
+
+-- XPath result can be boolean or number too
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('*' PASSING '<a>a</a>' COLUMNS a xml PATH '.', b text PATH '.', c text PATH '"hi"', d boolean PATH '. = "a"', e integer PATH 'string-length(.)');
+    a     | b | c  | d | e 
+----------+---+----+---+---
+ <a>a</a> | a | hi | t | 1
+(1 row)
+
+\x
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('*' PASSING '<e>pre<!--c1--><?pi arg?><![CDATA[&ent1]]><n2>&amp;deep</n2>post</e>' COLUMNS x xml PATH 'node()', y xml PATH '/');
+-[ RECORD 1 ]-----------------------------------------------------------
+x | pre<!--c1--><?pi arg?><![CDATA[&ent1]]><n2>&amp;deep</n2>post
+y | <e>pre<!--c1--><?pi arg?><![CDATA[&ent1]]><n2>&amp;deep</n2>post</e>+
+  | 
+
+\x
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('.' PASSING XMLELEMENT(NAME a) columns a varchar(20) PATH '"<foo/>"', b xml PATH '"<foo/>"');
+   a    |      b       
+--------+--------------
+ <foo/> | &lt;foo/&gt;
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/xmlmap.out b/src/test/regress/expected/xmlmap.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccc5460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/xmlmap.out
@@ -0,0 +1,1305 @@
+CREATE SCHEMA testxmlschema;
+CREATE TABLE testxmlschema.test1 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO testxmlschema.test1 VALUES (1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (-1, null);
+CREATE DOMAIN testxmldomain AS varchar;
+CREATE TABLE testxmlschema.test2 (z int, y varchar(500), x char(6),
+    w numeric(9,2), v smallint, u bigint, t real,
+    s time, stz timetz, r timestamp, rtz timestamptz, q date,
+    p xml, o testxmldomain, n bool, m bytea, aaa text);
+ALTER TABLE testxmlschema.test2 DROP COLUMN aaa;
+INSERT INTO testxmlschema.test2 VALUES (55, 'abc', 'def',
+    98.6, 2, 999, 0,
+    '21:07', '21:11 +05', '2009-06-08 21:07:30', '2009-06-08 21:07:30 -07', '2009-06-08',
+    NULL, 'ABC', true, 'XYZ');
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+                         table_to_xml                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+                                                              +
+ <row>                                                        +
+   <a>1</a>                                                   +
+   <b>one</b>                                                 +
+ </row>                                                       +
+                                                              +
+ <row>                                                        +
+   <a>2</a>                                                   +
+   <b>two</b>                                                 +
+ </row>                                                       +
+                                                              +
+ <row>                                                        +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                  +
+ </row>                                                       +
+                                                              +
+ </test1>                                                     +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', true, false, 'foo');
+                               table_to_xml                                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="foo">+
+                                                                          +
+ <row>                                                                    +
+   <a>1</a>                                                               +
+   <b>one</b>                                                             +
+ </row>                                                                   +
+                                                                          +
+ <row>                                                                    +
+   <a>2</a>                                                               +
+   <b>two</b>                                                             +
+ </row>                                                                   +
+                                                                          +
+ <row>                                                                    +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                              +
+   <b xsi:nil="true"/>                                                    +
+ </row>                                                                   +
+                                                                          +
+ </test1>                                                                 +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', false, true, '');
+                         table_to_xml                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+   <a>1</a>                                                   +
+   <b>one</b>                                                 +
+ </test1>                                                     +
+                                                              +
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+   <a>2</a>                                                   +
+   <b>two</b>                                                 +
+ </test1>                                                     +
+                                                              +
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+   <a>-1</a>                                                  +
+ </test1>                                                     +
+                                                              +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', true, true, '');
+                         table_to_xml                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+   <a>1</a>                                                   +
+   <b>one</b>                                                 +
+ </test1>                                                     +
+                                                              +
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+   <a>2</a>                                                   +
+   <b>two</b>                                                 +
+ </test1>                                                     +
+                                                              +
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+   <a>-1</a>                                                  +
+   <b xsi:nil="true"/>                                        +
+ </test1>                                                     +
+                                                              +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test2', false, false, '');
+                         table_to_xml                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ <test2 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+                                                              +
+ <row>                                                        +
+   <z>55</z>                                                  +
+   <y>abc</y>                                                 +
+   <x>def   </x>                                              +
+   <w>98.60</w>                                               +
+   <v>2</v>                                                   +
+   <u>999</u>                                                 +
+   <t>0</t>                                                   +
+   <s>21:07:00</s>                                            +
+   <stz>21:11:00+05</stz>                                     +
+   <r>2009-06-08T21:07:30</r>                                 +
+   <rtz>2009-06-08T21:07:30-07:00</rtz>                       +
+   <q>2009-06-08</q>                                          +
+   <o>ABC</o>                                                 +
+   <n>true</n>                                                +
+   <m>WFla</m>                                                +
+ </row>                                                       +
+                                                              +
+ </test2>                                                     +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+                                               table_to_xmlschema                                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                                    +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                                                +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                                             +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                                     +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                                    +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                                         +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                          +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                                                +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                               +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                          +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                   +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                              +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                             +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:complexType name="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                                              +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                               +
+     <xsd:element name="row" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                              +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                             +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:element name="test1" type="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test1"/>                                    +
+                                                                                                                +
+ </xsd:schema>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, false, '');
+                                               table_to_xmlschema                                                
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                                    +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                                                +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                                             +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                                     +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                                    +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                                         +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                          +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                                                +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                               +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" nillable="true"></xsd:element>                                        +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" nillable="true"></xsd:element>                 +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                              +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                             +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:complexType name="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                                              +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                               +
+     <xsd:element name="row" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                              +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                             +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:element name="test1" type="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test1"/>                                    +
+                                                                                                                +
+ </xsd:schema>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, true, 'foo');
+                                      table_to_xmlschema                                      
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                 +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"                                            +
+     targetNamespace="foo"                                                                   +
+     elementFormDefault="qualified">                                                         +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                             +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                          +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                  +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                 +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                        +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                           +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                      +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                       +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                        +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                           +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                             +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                            +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                       +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                           +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                          +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:element name="test1" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1"/>                   +
+                                                                                             +
+ </xsd:schema>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, true, '');
+                                       table_to_xmlschema                                       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                   +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                             +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                               +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                            +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                    +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                   +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                          +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                             +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                        +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                         +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                          +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                             +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                               +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                              +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" nillable="true"></xsd:element>                       +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" nillable="true"></xsd:element>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                             +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                            +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:element name="test1" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1"/>                     +
+                                                                                               +
+ </xsd:schema>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test2', false, false, '');
+                                                     table_to_xmlschema                                                     
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                                               +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                                                        +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                                                +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                                               +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="VARCHAR">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                                     +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="CHAR">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                                     +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="NUMERIC">                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="SMALLINT">                                                                                          +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:short">                                                                                      +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="32767"/>                                                                                     +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-32768"/>                                                                                    +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="BIGINT">                                                                                            +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:long">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="9223372036854775807"/>                                                                       +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-9223372036854775808"/>                                                                      +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="REAL">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:float"></xsd:restriction>                                                                    +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIME">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:time">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?"/>                                                       +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIME_WTZ">                                                                                          +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:time">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?(\+|-)\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}"/>                              +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIMESTAMP">                                                                                         +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime">                                                                                   +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}T\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?"/>                         +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIMESTAMP_WTZ">                                                                                     +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime">                                                                                   +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}T\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?(\+|-)\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}"/>+
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="DATE">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:date">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}"/>                                                                  +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:complexType mixed="true">                                                                                            +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                                          +
+     <xsd:any name="element" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" processContents="skip"/>                                  +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                                         +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                                        +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="Domain.regression.public.testxmldomain">                                                            +
+   <xsd:restriction base="VARCHAR"/>                                                                                       +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="BOOLEAN">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:boolean"></xsd:restriction>                                                                  +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.bytea">                                                                   +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:base64Binary">                                                                               +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test2">                                                           +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                                          +
+     <xsd:element name="z" type="INTEGER" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                     +
+     <xsd:element name="y" type="VARCHAR" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                     +
+     <xsd:element name="x" type="CHAR" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                        +
+     <xsd:element name="w" type="NUMERIC" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                     +
+     <xsd:element name="v" type="SMALLINT" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                    +
+     <xsd:element name="u" type="BIGINT" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                      +
+     <xsd:element name="t" type="REAL" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                        +
+     <xsd:element name="s" type="TIME" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                        +
+     <xsd:element name="stz" type="TIME_WTZ" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                  +
+     <xsd:element name="r" type="TIMESTAMP" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                   +
+     <xsd:element name="rtz" type="TIMESTAMP_WTZ" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                             +
+     <xsd:element name="q" type="DATE" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                        +
+     <xsd:element name="p" type="XML" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                         +
+     <xsd:element name="o" type="Domain.regression.public.testxmldomain" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                      +
+     <xsd:element name="n" type="BOOLEAN" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                                     +
+     <xsd:element name="m" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.bytea" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                             +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                                         +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                                        +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:complexType name="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test2">                                                         +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                                          +
+     <xsd:element name="row" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test2" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>           +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                                         +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                                        +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:element name="test2" type="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test2"/>                                               +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:schema>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+                                           table_to_xml_and_xmlschema                                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="#">                +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                                    +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                                                +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                                             +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                                     +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                                    +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                                         +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                          +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                                                +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                               +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                                          +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                   +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                              +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                             +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:complexType name="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                                              +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                               +
+     <xsd:element name="row" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                              +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                             +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:element name="test1" type="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test1"/>                                    +
+                                                                                                                +
+ </xsd:schema>                                                                                                  +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <row>                                                                                                          +
+   <a>1</a>                                                                                                     +
+   <b>one</b>                                                                                                   +
+ </row>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <row>                                                                                                          +
+   <a>2</a>                                                                                                     +
+   <b>two</b>                                                                                                   +
+ </row>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <row>                                                                                                          +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                                                                    +
+ </row>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                +
+ </test1>                                                                                                       +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, false, '');
+                                           table_to_xml_and_xmlschema                                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="#">                +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                                    +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                                                +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                                             +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                                     +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                                    +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                                         +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                          +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                              +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                                                +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                               +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" nillable="true"></xsd:element>                                        +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" nillable="true"></xsd:element>                 +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                              +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                             +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:complexType name="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                                              +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                               +
+     <xsd:element name="row" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                              +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                             +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <xsd:element name="test1" type="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test1"/>                                    +
+                                                                                                                +
+ </xsd:schema>                                                                                                  +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <row>                                                                                                          +
+   <a>1</a>                                                                                                     +
+   <b>one</b>                                                                                                   +
+ </row>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <row>                                                                                                          +
+   <a>2</a>                                                                                                     +
+   <b>two</b>                                                                                                   +
+ </row>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                +
+ <row>                                                                                                          +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                                                                    +
+   <b xsi:nil="true"/>                                                                                          +
+ </row>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                +
+ </test1>                                                                                                       +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, true, '');
+                                  table_to_xml_and_xmlschema                                  
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                 +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                           +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                             +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                          +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                  +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                 +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                        +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                           +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                      +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                       +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                        +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                           +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                             +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                            +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                       +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                           +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                          +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:element name="test1" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1"/>                   +
+                                                                                             +
+ </xsd:schema>                                                                               +
+                                                                                             +
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">                               +
+   <a>1</a>                                                                                  +
+   <b>one</b>                                                                                +
+ </test1>                                                                                    +
+                                                                                             +
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">                               +
+   <a>2</a>                                                                                  +
+   <b>two</b>                                                                                +
+ </test1>                                                                                    +
+                                                                                             +
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">                               +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                                                 +
+ </test1>                                                                                    +
+                                                                                             +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, true, 'foo');
+                                   table_to_xml_and_xmlschema                                   
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                   +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"                                              +
+     targetNamespace="foo"                                                                     +
+     elementFormDefault="qualified">                                                           +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                               +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                            +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                    +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                   +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                          +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                             +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                        +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                         +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                          +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                             +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1">                               +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                              +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" nillable="true"></xsd:element>                       +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" nillable="true"></xsd:element>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                             +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                            +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:element name="test1" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1"/>                     +
+                                                                                               +
+ </xsd:schema>                                                                                 +
+                                                                                               +
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="foo">                     +
+   <a>1</a>                                                                                    +
+   <b>one</b>                                                                                  +
+ </test1>                                                                                      +
+                                                                                               +
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="foo">                     +
+   <a>2</a>                                                                                    +
+   <b>two</b>                                                                                  +
+ </test1>                                                                                      +
+                                                                                               +
+ <test1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="foo">                     +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                                                   +
+   <b xsi:nil="true"/>                                                                         +
+ </test1>                                                                                      +
+                                                                                               +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT query_to_xml('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+                         query_to_xml                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ <table xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+                                                              +
+ <row>                                                        +
+   <a>1</a>                                                   +
+   <b>one</b>                                                 +
+ </row>                                                       +
+                                                              +
+ <row>                                                        +
+   <a>2</a>                                                   +
+   <b>two</b>                                                 +
+ </row>                                                       +
+                                                              +
+ <row>                                                        +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                  +
+ </row>                                                       +
+                                                              +
+ </table>                                                     +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT query_to_xmlschema('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+                                      query_to_xmlschema                                      
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                 +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                           +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                             +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                          +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                  +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                 +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                        +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                           +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                      +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                       +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                        +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                           +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType">                                                            +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                            +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                       +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                           +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                          +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:complexType name="TableType">                                                          +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                            +
+     <xsd:element name="row" type="RowType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>            +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                           +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                          +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:element name="table" type="TableType"/>                                                +
+                                                                                             +
+ </xsd:schema>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT query_to_xml_and_xmlschema('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', true, true, '');
+                                   query_to_xml_and_xmlschema                                   
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                   +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                             +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                               +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                            +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                    +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                   +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                          +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                             +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                        +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                         +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                          +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                             +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType">                                                              +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                              +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" nillable="true"></xsd:element>                       +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" nillable="true"></xsd:element>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                             +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                            +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:element name="row" type="RowType"/>                                                      +
+                                                                                               +
+ </xsd:schema>                                                                                 +
+                                                                                               +
+ <row xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">                                   +
+   <a>1</a>                                                                                    +
+   <b>one</b>                                                                                  +
+ </row>                                                                                        +
+                                                                                               +
+ <row xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">                                   +
+   <a>2</a>                                                                                    +
+   <b>two</b>                                                                                  +
+ </row>                                                                                        +
+                                                                                               +
+ <row xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">                                   +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                                                   +
+   <b xsi:nil="true"/>                                                                         +
+ </row>                                                                                        +
+                                                                                               +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+DECLARE xc CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1 ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT cursor_to_xml('xc'::refcursor, 5, false, true, '');
+                        cursor_to_xml                        
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ <row xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+   <a>-1</a>                                                +
+ </row>                                                     +
+                                                            +
+ <row xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+   <a>1</a>                                                 +
+   <b>one</b>                                               +
+ </row>                                                     +
+                                                            +
+ <row xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+   <a>2</a>                                                 +
+   <b>two</b>                                               +
+ </row>                                                     +
+                                                            +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cursor_to_xmlschema('xc'::refcursor, false, true, '');
+                                     cursor_to_xmlschema                                      
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                 +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                           +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                             +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                          +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                  +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                 +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                        +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                           +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                      +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                       +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                        +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                           +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType">                                                            +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                            +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>                       +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                           +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                          +
+                                                                                             +
+ <xsd:element name="row" type="RowType"/>                                                    +
+                                                                                             +
+ </xsd:schema>
+(1 row)
+
+MOVE BACKWARD ALL IN xc;
+SELECT cursor_to_xml('xc'::refcursor, 5, true, false, '');
+                         cursor_to_xml                         
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ <table xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+                                                              +
+ <row>                                                        +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                  +
+   <b xsi:nil="true"/>                                        +
+ </row>                                                       +
+                                                              +
+ <row>                                                        +
+   <a>1</a>                                                   +
+   <b>one</b>                                                 +
+ </row>                                                       +
+                                                              +
+ <row>                                                        +
+   <a>2</a>                                                   +
+   <b>two</b>                                                 +
+ </row>                                                       +
+                                                              +
+ </table>                                                     +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT cursor_to_xmlschema('xc'::refcursor, true, false, '');
+                                      cursor_to_xmlschema                                       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                   +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                             +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                               +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                            +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                    +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                   +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                          +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                             +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                        +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                         +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                          +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                             +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:complexType name="RowType">                                                              +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                              +
+     <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" nillable="true"></xsd:element>                       +
+     <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" nillable="true"></xsd:element>+
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                             +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                            +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:complexType name="TableType">                                                            +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                              +
+     <xsd:element name="row" type="RowType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>              +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                             +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                            +
+                                                                                               +
+ <xsd:element name="table" type="TableType"/>                                                  +
+                                                                                               +
+ </xsd:schema>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT schema_to_xml('testxmlschema', false, true, '');
+                             schema_to_xml                             
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <testxmlschema xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+                                                                      +
+ <test1>                                                              +
+   <a>1</a>                                                           +
+   <b>one</b>                                                         +
+ </test1>                                                             +
+                                                                      +
+ <test1>                                                              +
+   <a>2</a>                                                           +
+   <b>two</b>                                                         +
+ </test1>                                                             +
+                                                                      +
+ <test1>                                                              +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                          +
+ </test1>                                                             +
+                                                                      +
+                                                                      +
+ <test2>                                                              +
+   <z>55</z>                                                          +
+   <y>abc</y>                                                         +
+   <x>def   </x>                                                      +
+   <w>98.60</w>                                                       +
+   <v>2</v>                                                           +
+   <u>999</u>                                                         +
+   <t>0</t>                                                           +
+   <s>21:07:00</s>                                                    +
+   <stz>21:11:00+05</stz>                                             +
+   <r>2009-06-08T21:07:30</r>                                         +
+   <rtz>2009-06-08T21:07:30-07:00</rtz>                               +
+   <q>2009-06-08</q>                                                  +
+   <o>ABC</o>                                                         +
+   <n>true</n>                                                        +
+   <m>WFla</m>                                                        +
+ </test2>                                                             +
+                                                                      +
+                                                                      +
+ </testxmlschema>                                                     +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT schema_to_xml('testxmlschema', true, false, '');
+                             schema_to_xml                             
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <testxmlschema xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+                                                                      +
+ <test1>                                                              +
+                                                                      +
+ <row>                                                                +
+   <a>1</a>                                                           +
+   <b>one</b>                                                         +
+ </row>                                                               +
+                                                                      +
+ <row>                                                                +
+   <a>2</a>                                                           +
+   <b>two</b>                                                         +
+ </row>                                                               +
+                                                                      +
+ <row>                                                                +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                          +
+   <b xsi:nil="true"/>                                                +
+ </row>                                                               +
+                                                                      +
+ </test1>                                                             +
+                                                                      +
+ <test2>                                                              +
+                                                                      +
+ <row>                                                                +
+   <z>55</z>                                                          +
+   <y>abc</y>                                                         +
+   <x>def   </x>                                                      +
+   <w>98.60</w>                                                       +
+   <v>2</v>                                                           +
+   <u>999</u>                                                         +
+   <t>0</t>                                                           +
+   <s>21:07:00</s>                                                    +
+   <stz>21:11:00+05</stz>                                             +
+   <r>2009-06-08T21:07:30</r>                                         +
+   <rtz>2009-06-08T21:07:30-07:00</rtz>                               +
+   <q>2009-06-08</q>                                                  +
+   <p xsi:nil="true"/>                                                +
+   <o>ABC</o>                                                         +
+   <n>true</n>                                                        +
+   <m>WFla</m>                                                        +
+ </row>                                                               +
+                                                                      +
+ </test2>                                                             +
+                                                                      +
+ </testxmlschema>                                                     +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT schema_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema', false, true, '');
+                                                    schema_to_xmlschema                                                     
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                                               +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                                                        +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                                                +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                                               +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                                                    +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                                     +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="VARCHAR">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                                     +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="CHAR">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                                     +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="NUMERIC">                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="SMALLINT">                                                                                          +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:short">                                                                                      +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="32767"/>                                                                                     +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-32768"/>                                                                                    +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="BIGINT">                                                                                            +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:long">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="9223372036854775807"/>                                                                       +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-9223372036854775808"/>                                                                      +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="REAL">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:float"></xsd:restriction>                                                                    +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIME">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:time">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?"/>                                                       +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIME_WTZ">                                                                                          +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:time">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?(\+|-)\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}"/>                              +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIMESTAMP">                                                                                         +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime">                                                                                   +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}T\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?"/>                         +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIMESTAMP_WTZ">                                                                                     +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime">                                                                                   +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}T\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?(\+|-)\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}"/>+
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="DATE">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:date">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}"/>                                                                  +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:complexType mixed="true">                                                                                            +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                                          +
+     <xsd:any name="element" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" processContents="skip"/>                                  +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                                         +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                                        +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="Domain.regression.public.testxmldomain">                                                            +
+   <xsd:restriction base="VARCHAR"/>                                                                                       +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="BOOLEAN">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:boolean"></xsd:restriction>                                                                  +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.bytea">                                                                   +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:base64Binary">                                                                               +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:complexType name="SchemaType.regression.testxmlschema">                                                              +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                                          +
+     <xsd:element name="test1" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>         +
+     <xsd:element name="test2" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test2" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>         +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                                         +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                                        +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:element name="testxmlschema" type="SchemaType.regression.testxmlschema"/>                                            +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:schema>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT schema_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema', true, false, '');
+                                                    schema_to_xmlschema                                                     
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                                               +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                                                        +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                                                +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                                               +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                                                    +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                                     +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="VARCHAR">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                                     +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="CHAR">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                                     +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="NUMERIC">                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="SMALLINT">                                                                                          +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:short">                                                                                      +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="32767"/>                                                                                     +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-32768"/>                                                                                    +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="BIGINT">                                                                                            +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:long">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="9223372036854775807"/>                                                                       +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-9223372036854775808"/>                                                                      +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="REAL">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:float"></xsd:restriction>                                                                    +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIME">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:time">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?"/>                                                       +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIME_WTZ">                                                                                          +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:time">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?(\+|-)\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}"/>                              +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIMESTAMP">                                                                                         +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime">                                                                                   +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}T\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?"/>                         +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIMESTAMP_WTZ">                                                                                     +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime">                                                                                   +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}T\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?(\+|-)\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}"/>+
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="DATE">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:date">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}"/>                                                                  +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:complexType mixed="true">                                                                                            +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                                          +
+     <xsd:any name="element" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" processContents="skip"/>                                  +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                                         +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                                        +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="Domain.regression.public.testxmldomain">                                                            +
+   <xsd:restriction base="VARCHAR"/>                                                                                       +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="BOOLEAN">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:boolean"></xsd:restriction>                                                                  +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.bytea">                                                                   +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:base64Binary">                                                                               +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:complexType name="SchemaType.regression.testxmlschema">                                                              +
+   <xsd:all>                                                                                                               +
+     <xsd:element name="test1" type="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test1"/>                                           +
+     <xsd:element name="test2" type="TableType.regression.testxmlschema.test2"/>                                           +
+   </xsd:all>                                                                                                              +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                                        +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:element name="testxmlschema" type="SchemaType.regression.testxmlschema"/>                                            +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:schema>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT schema_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema', true, true, 'foo');
+                                                schema_to_xml_and_xmlschema                                                 
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <testxmlschema xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="foo" xsi:schemaLocation="foo #">              +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:schema                                                                                                               +
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"                                                                          +
+     targetNamespace="foo"                                                                                                 +
+     elementFormDefault="qualified">                                                                                       +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int">                                                                                        +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/>                                                                                +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/>                                                                               +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text">                                                                    +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                                     +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="VARCHAR">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                                     +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="CHAR">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                                                                                     +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="NUMERIC">                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="SMALLINT">                                                                                          +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:short">                                                                                      +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="32767"/>                                                                                     +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-32768"/>                                                                                    +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="BIGINT">                                                                                            +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:long">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:maxInclusive value="9223372036854775807"/>                                                                       +
+     <xsd:minInclusive value="-9223372036854775808"/>                                                                      +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="REAL">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:float"></xsd:restriction>                                                                    +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIME">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:time">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?"/>                                                       +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIME_WTZ">                                                                                          +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:time">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?(\+|-)\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}"/>                              +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIMESTAMP">                                                                                         +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime">                                                                                   +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}T\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?"/>                         +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="TIMESTAMP_WTZ">                                                                                     +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime">                                                                                   +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}T\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}(.\p{Nd}+)?(\+|-)\p{Nd}{2}:\p{Nd}{2}"/>+
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="DATE">                                                                                              +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:date">                                                                                       +
+     <xsd:pattern value="\p{Nd}{4}-\p{Nd}{2}-\p{Nd}{2}"/>                                                                  +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:complexType mixed="true">                                                                                            +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                                          +
+     <xsd:any name="element" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" processContents="skip"/>                                  +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                                         +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                                        +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="Domain.regression.public.testxmldomain">                                                            +
+   <xsd:restriction base="VARCHAR"/>                                                                                       +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="BOOLEAN">                                                                                           +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:boolean"></xsd:restriction>                                                                  +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.bytea">                                                                   +
+   <xsd:restriction base="xsd:base64Binary">                                                                               +
+   </xsd:restriction>                                                                                                      +
+ </xsd:simpleType>                                                                                                         +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:complexType name="SchemaType.regression.testxmlschema">                                                              +
+   <xsd:sequence>                                                                                                          +
+     <xsd:element name="test1" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test1" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>         +
+     <xsd:element name="test2" type="RowType.regression.testxmlschema.test2" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>         +
+   </xsd:sequence>                                                                                                         +
+ </xsd:complexType>                                                                                                        +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <xsd:element name="testxmlschema" type="SchemaType.regression.testxmlschema"/>                                            +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ </xsd:schema>                                                                                                             +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <test1>                                                                                                                   +
+   <a>1</a>                                                                                                                +
+   <b>one</b>                                                                                                              +
+ </test1>                                                                                                                  +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <test1>                                                                                                                   +
+   <a>2</a>                                                                                                                +
+   <b>two</b>                                                                                                              +
+ </test1>                                                                                                                  +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <test1>                                                                                                                   +
+   <a>-1</a>                                                                                                               +
+   <b xsi:nil="true"/>                                                                                                     +
+ </test1>                                                                                                                  +
+                                                                                                                           +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ <test2>                                                                                                                   +
+   <z>55</z>                                                                                                               +
+   <y>abc</y>                                                                                                              +
+   <x>def   </x>                                                                                                           +
+   <w>98.60</w>                                                                                                            +
+   <v>2</v>                                                                                                                +
+   <u>999</u>                                                                                                              +
+   <t>0</t>                                                                                                                +
+   <s>21:07:00</s>                                                                                                         +
+   <stz>21:11:00+05</stz>                                                                                                  +
+   <r>2009-06-08T21:07:30</r>                                                                                              +
+   <rtz>2009-06-08T21:07:30-07:00</rtz>                                                                                    +
+   <q>2009-06-08</q>                                                                                                       +
+   <p xsi:nil="true"/>                                                                                                     +
+   <o>ABC</o>                                                                                                              +
+   <n>true</n>                                                                                                             +
+   <m>WFla</m>                                                                                                             +
+ </test2>                                                                                                                  +
+                                                                                                                           +
+                                                                                                                           +
+ </testxmlschema>                                                                                                          +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- test that domains are transformed like their base types
+CREATE DOMAIN testboolxmldomain AS bool;
+CREATE DOMAIN testdatexmldomain AS date;
+CREATE TABLE testxmlschema.test3
+    AS SELECT true c1,
+              true::testboolxmldomain c2,
+              '2013-02-21'::date c3,
+              '2013-02-21'::testdatexmldomain c4;
+SELECT xmlforest(c1, c2, c3, c4) FROM testxmlschema.test3;
+                            xmlforest                             
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ <c1>true</c1><c2>true</c2><c3>2013-02-21</c3><c4>2013-02-21</c4>
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test3', true, true, '');
+                         table_to_xml                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+ <test3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">+
+   <c1>true</c1>                                              +
+   <c2>true</c2>                                              +
+   <c3>2013-02-21</c3>                                        +
+   <c4>2013-02-21</c4>                                        +
+ </test3>                                                     +
+                                                              +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/xmlmap_1.out b/src/test/regress/expected/xmlmap_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05c5d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/xmlmap_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+CREATE SCHEMA testxmlschema;
+CREATE TABLE testxmlschema.test1 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO testxmlschema.test1 VALUES (1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (-1, null);
+CREATE DOMAIN testxmldomain AS varchar;
+CREATE TABLE testxmlschema.test2 (z int, y varchar(500), x char(6),
+    w numeric(9,2), v smallint, u bigint, t real,
+    s time, stz timetz, r timestamp, rtz timestamptz, q date,
+    p xml, o testxmldomain, n bool, m bytea, aaa text);
+ALTER TABLE testxmlschema.test2 DROP COLUMN aaa;
+INSERT INTO testxmlschema.test2 VALUES (55, 'abc', 'def',
+    98.6, 2, 999, 0,
+    '21:07', '21:11 +05', '2009-06-08 21:07:30', '2009-06-08 21:07:30 -07', '2009-06-08',
+    NULL, 'ABC', true, 'XYZ');
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', true, false, 'foo');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', false, true, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', true, true, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test2', false, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, true, 'foo');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, true, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test2', false, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, true, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, true, 'foo');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT query_to_xml('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT query_to_xmlschema('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT query_to_xml_and_xmlschema('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', true, true, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+DECLARE xc CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1 ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT cursor_to_xml('xc'::refcursor, 5, false, true, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT cursor_to_xmlschema('xc'::refcursor, false, true, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+MOVE BACKWARD ALL IN xc;
+SELECT cursor_to_xml('xc'::refcursor, 5, true, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT cursor_to_xmlschema('xc'::refcursor, true, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT schema_to_xml('testxmlschema', false, true, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT schema_to_xml('testxmlschema', true, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT schema_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema', false, true, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT schema_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema', true, false, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT schema_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema', true, true, 'foo');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+-- test that domains are transformed like their base types
+CREATE DOMAIN testboolxmldomain AS bool;
+CREATE DOMAIN testdatexmldomain AS date;
+CREATE TABLE testxmlschema.test3
+    AS SELECT true c1,
+              true::testboolxmldomain c2,
+              '2013-02-21'::date c3,
+              '2013-02-21'::testdatexmldomain c4;
+SELECT xmlforest(c1, c2, c3, c4) FROM testxmlschema.test3;
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test3', true, true, '');
+ERROR:  unsupported XML feature
+DETAIL:  This functionality requires the server to be built with libxml support.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c027a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# ----------
+# src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+#
+# Most test scripts can be run after running just test_setup and possibly
+# create_index.  Exceptions to this rule are documented below.
+#
+# By convention, we put no more than twenty tests in any one parallel group;
+# this limits the number of connections needed to run the tests.
+# ----------
+
+# required setup steps
+test: test_setup
+
+# run tablespace by itself, and early, because it forces a checkpoint;
+# we'd prefer not to have checkpoints later in the tests because that
+# interferes with crash-recovery testing.
+test: tablespace
+
+# ----------
+# The first group of parallel tests
+# ----------
+test: boolean char name varchar text int2 int4 int8 oid float4 float8 bit numeric txid uuid enum money rangetypes pg_lsn regproc
+
+# ----------
+# The second group of parallel tests
+# multirangetypes depends on rangetypes
+# multirangetypes shouldn't run concurrently with type_sanity
+# ----------
+test: strings numerology point lseg line box path polygon circle date time timetz timestamp timestamptz interval inet macaddr macaddr8 multirangetypes
+
+# ----------
+# Another group of parallel tests
+# geometry depends on point, lseg, line, box, path, polygon, circle
+# horology depends on date, time, timetz, timestamp, timestamptz, interval
+# ----------
+test: geometry horology tstypes regex type_sanity opr_sanity misc_sanity comments expressions unicode xid mvcc
+
+# ----------
+# Load huge amounts of data
+# We should split the data files into single files and then
+# execute two copy tests in parallel, to check that copy itself
+# is concurrent safe.
+# ----------
+test: copy copyselect copydml insert insert_conflict
+
+# ----------
+# More groups of parallel tests
+# Note: many of the tests in later groups depend on create_index
+# ----------
+test: create_function_c create_misc create_operator create_procedure create_table create_type create_schema
+test: create_index create_index_spgist create_view index_including index_including_gist
+
+# ----------
+# Another group of parallel tests
+# ----------
+test: create_aggregate create_function_sql create_cast constraints triggers select inherit typed_table vacuum drop_if_exists updatable_views roleattributes create_am hash_func errors infinite_recurse
+
+# ----------
+# sanity_check does a vacuum, affecting the sort order of SELECT *
+# results. So it should not run parallel to other tests.
+# ----------
+test: sanity_check
+
+# Note: the ignore: line does not skip random, just mark it as ignorable
+ignore: random
+
+# ----------
+# Another group of parallel tests
+# aggregates depends on create_aggregate
+# join depends on create_misc
+# ----------
+test: select_into select_distinct select_distinct_on select_implicit select_having subselect union case join aggregates transactions random portals arrays btree_index hash_index update delete namespace prepared_xacts
+
+# ----------
+# Another group of parallel tests
+# ----------
+test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview lock replica_identity rowsecurity object_address tablesample groupingsets drop_operator password identity generated join_hash
+
+# ----------
+# Additional BRIN tests
+# ----------
+test: brin_bloom brin_multi
+
+# ----------
+# Another group of parallel tests
+# psql depends on create_am
+# amutils depends on geometry, create_index_spgist, hash_index, brin
+# ----------
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize merge misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort create_role
+
+# collate.*.utf8 tests cannot be run in parallel with each other
+test: rules psql psql_crosstab amutils stats_ext collate.linux.utf8
+
+# ----------
+# Run these alone so they don't run out of parallel workers
+# select_parallel depends on create_misc
+# ----------
+test: select_parallel
+test: write_parallel
+test: vacuum_parallel
+
+# no relation related tests can be put in this group
+test: publication subscription
+
+# ----------
+# Another group of parallel tests
+# select_views depends on create_view
+# ----------
+test: select_views portals_p2 foreign_key cluster dependency guc bitmapops combocid tsearch tsdicts foreign_data window xmlmap functional_deps advisory_lock indirect_toast equivclass
+
+# ----------
+# Another group of parallel tests (JSON related)
+# ----------
+test: json jsonb json_encoding jsonpath jsonpath_encoding jsonb_jsonpath
+
+# ----------
+# Another group of parallel tests
+# with depends on create_misc
+# NB: temp.sql does a reconnect which transiently uses 2 connections,
+# so keep this parallel group to at most 19 tests
+# ----------
+test: plancache limit plpgsql copy2 temp domain rangefuncs prepare conversion truncate alter_table sequence polymorphism rowtypes returning largeobject with xml
+
+# ----------
+# Another group of parallel tests
+#
+# The stats test resets stats, so nothing else needing stats access can be in
+# this group.
+# ----------
+test: partition_join partition_prune reloptions hash_part indexing partition_aggregate partition_info tuplesort explain compression memoize stats
+
+# event_trigger cannot run concurrently with any test that runs DDL
+# oidjoins is read-only, though, and should run late for best coverage
+test: event_trigger oidjoins
+
+# this test also uses event triggers, so likewise run it by itself
+test: fast_default
diff --git a/src/test/regress/pg_regress.c b/src/test/regress/pg_regress.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7d5f4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/pg_regress.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2595 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * pg_regress --- regression test driver
+ *
+ * This is a C implementation of the previous shell script for running
+ * the regression tests, and should be mostly compatible with it.
+ * Initial author of C translation: Magnus Hagander
+ *
+ * This code is released under the terms of the PostgreSQL License.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/test/regress/pg_regress.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/restricted_token.h"
+#include "common/string.h"
+#include "common/username.h"
+#include "getopt_long.h"
+#include "lib/stringinfo.h"
+#include "libpq/pqcomm.h"		/* needed for UNIXSOCK_PATH() */
+#include "pg_config_paths.h"
+#include "pg_regress.h"
+#include "portability/instr_time.h"
+
+/* for resultmap we need a list of pairs of strings */
+typedef struct _resultmap
+{
+	char	   *test;
+	char	   *type;
+	char	   *resultfile;
+	struct _resultmap *next;
+} _resultmap;
+
+/*
+ * Values obtained from Makefile.
+ */
+char	   *host_platform = HOST_TUPLE;
+
+#ifndef WIN32					/* not used in WIN32 case */
+static char *shellprog = SHELLPROG;
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * On Windows we use -w in diff switches to avoid problems with inconsistent
+ * newline representation.  The actual result files will generally have
+ * Windows-style newlines, but the comparison files might or might not.
+ */
+#ifndef WIN32
+const char *basic_diff_opts = "";
+const char *pretty_diff_opts = "-U3";
+#else
+const char *basic_diff_opts = "-w";
+const char *pretty_diff_opts = "-w -U3";
+#endif
+
+/* options settable from command line */
+_stringlist *dblist = NULL;
+bool		debug = false;
+char	   *inputdir = ".";
+char	   *outputdir = ".";
+char	   *bindir = PGBINDIR;
+char	   *launcher = NULL;
+static _stringlist *loadextension = NULL;
+static int	max_connections = 0;
+static int	max_concurrent_tests = 0;
+static char *encoding = NULL;
+static _stringlist *schedulelist = NULL;
+static _stringlist *extra_tests = NULL;
+static char *temp_instance = NULL;
+static _stringlist *temp_configs = NULL;
+static bool nolocale = false;
+static bool use_existing = false;
+static char *hostname = NULL;
+static int	port = -1;
+static bool port_specified_by_user = false;
+static char *dlpath = PKGLIBDIR;
+static char *user = NULL;
+static _stringlist *extraroles = NULL;
+static char *config_auth_datadir = NULL;
+
+/* internal variables */
+static const char *progname;
+static char *logfilename;
+static FILE *logfile;
+static char *difffilename;
+static const char *sockdir;
+#ifdef HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS
+static const char *temp_sockdir;
+static char sockself[MAXPGPATH];
+static char socklock[MAXPGPATH];
+#endif
+
+static _resultmap *resultmap = NULL;
+
+static PID_TYPE postmaster_pid = INVALID_PID;
+static bool postmaster_running = false;
+
+static int	success_count = 0;
+static int	fail_count = 0;
+static int	fail_ignore_count = 0;
+
+static bool directory_exists(const char *dir);
+static void make_directory(const char *dir);
+
+static void header(const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(1, 2);
+static void status(const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(1, 2);
+static StringInfo psql_start_command(void);
+static void psql_add_command(StringInfo buf, const char *query,...) pg_attribute_printf(2, 3);
+static void psql_end_command(StringInfo buf, const char *database);
+
+/*
+ * allow core files if possible.
+ */
+#if defined(HAVE_GETRLIMIT) && defined(RLIMIT_CORE)
+static void
+unlimit_core_size(void)
+{
+	struct rlimit lim;
+
+	getrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &lim);
+	if (lim.rlim_max == 0)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr,
+				_("%s: could not set core size: disallowed by hard limit\n"),
+				progname);
+		return;
+	}
+	else if (lim.rlim_max == RLIM_INFINITY || lim.rlim_cur < lim.rlim_max)
+	{
+		lim.rlim_cur = lim.rlim_max;
+		setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &lim);
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * Add an item at the end of a stringlist.
+ */
+void
+add_stringlist_item(_stringlist **listhead, const char *str)
+{
+	_stringlist *newentry = pg_malloc(sizeof(_stringlist));
+	_stringlist *oldentry;
+
+	newentry->str = pg_strdup(str);
+	newentry->next = NULL;
+	if (*listhead == NULL)
+		*listhead = newentry;
+	else
+	{
+		for (oldentry = *listhead; oldentry->next; oldentry = oldentry->next)
+			 /* skip */ ;
+		oldentry->next = newentry;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free a stringlist.
+ */
+static void
+free_stringlist(_stringlist **listhead)
+{
+	if (listhead == NULL || *listhead == NULL)
+		return;
+	if ((*listhead)->next != NULL)
+		free_stringlist(&((*listhead)->next));
+	free((*listhead)->str);
+	free(*listhead);
+	*listhead = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Split a delimited string into a stringlist
+ */
+static void
+split_to_stringlist(const char *s, const char *delim, _stringlist **listhead)
+{
+	char	   *sc = pg_strdup(s);
+	char	   *token = strtok(sc, delim);
+
+	while (token)
+	{
+		add_stringlist_item(listhead, token);
+		token = strtok(NULL, delim);
+	}
+	free(sc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print a progress banner on stdout.
+ */
+static void
+header(const char *fmt,...)
+{
+	char		tmp[64];
+	va_list		ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	vsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	fprintf(stdout, "============== %-38s ==============\n", tmp);
+	fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print "doing something ..." --- supplied text should not end with newline
+ */
+static void
+status(const char *fmt,...)
+{
+	va_list		ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (logfile)
+	{
+		va_start(ap, fmt);
+		vfprintf(logfile, fmt, ap);
+		va_end(ap);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Done "doing something ..."
+ */
+static void
+status_end(void)
+{
+	fprintf(stdout, "\n");
+	fflush(stdout);
+	if (logfile)
+		fprintf(logfile, "\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * shut down temp postmaster
+ */
+static void
+stop_postmaster(void)
+{
+	if (postmaster_running)
+	{
+		/* We use pg_ctl to issue the kill and wait for stop */
+		char		buf[MAXPGPATH * 2];
+		int			r;
+
+		/* On Windows, system() seems not to force fflush, so... */
+		fflush(stdout);
+		fflush(stderr);
+
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+				 "\"%s%spg_ctl\" stop -D \"%s/data\" -s",
+				 bindir ? bindir : "",
+				 bindir ? "/" : "",
+				 temp_instance);
+		r = system(buf);
+		if (r != 0)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("\n%s: could not stop postmaster: exit code was %d\n"),
+					progname, r);
+			_exit(2);			/* not exit(), that could be recursive */
+		}
+
+		postmaster_running = false;
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS
+/*
+ * Remove the socket temporary directory.  pg_regress never waits for a
+ * postmaster exit, so it is indeterminate whether the postmaster has yet to
+ * unlink the socket and lock file.  Unlink them here so we can proceed to
+ * remove the directory.  Ignore errors; leaking a temporary directory is
+ * unimportant.  This can run from a signal handler.  The code is not
+ * acceptable in a Windows signal handler (see initdb.c:trapsig()), but
+ * on Windows, pg_regress does not use Unix sockets by default.
+ */
+static void
+remove_temp(void)
+{
+	Assert(temp_sockdir);
+	unlink(sockself);
+	unlink(socklock);
+	rmdir(temp_sockdir);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Signal handler that calls remove_temp() and reraises the signal.
+ */
+static void
+signal_remove_temp(int signum)
+{
+	remove_temp();
+
+	pqsignal(signum, SIG_DFL);
+	raise(signum);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a temporary directory suitable for the server's Unix-domain socket.
+ * The directory will have mode 0700 or stricter, so no other OS user can open
+ * our socket to exploit our use of trust authentication.  Most systems
+ * constrain the length of socket paths well below _POSIX_PATH_MAX, so we
+ * place the directory under /tmp rather than relative to the possibly-deep
+ * current working directory.
+ *
+ * Compared to using the compiled-in DEFAULT_PGSOCKET_DIR, this also permits
+ * testing to work in builds that relocate it to a directory not writable to
+ * the build/test user.
+ */
+static const char *
+make_temp_sockdir(void)
+{
+	char	   *template = psprintf("%s/pg_regress-XXXXXX",
+									getenv("TMPDIR") ? getenv("TMPDIR") : "/tmp");
+
+	temp_sockdir = mkdtemp(template);
+	if (temp_sockdir == NULL)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
+				progname, template, strerror(errno));
+		exit(2);
+	}
+
+	/* Stage file names for remove_temp().  Unsafe in a signal handler. */
+	UNIXSOCK_PATH(sockself, port, temp_sockdir);
+	snprintf(socklock, sizeof(socklock), "%s.lock", sockself);
+
+	/* Remove the directory during clean exit. */
+	atexit(remove_temp);
+
+	/*
+	 * Remove the directory before dying to the usual signals.  Omit SIGQUIT,
+	 * preserving it as a quick, untidy exit.
+	 */
+	pqsignal(SIGHUP, signal_remove_temp);
+	pqsignal(SIGINT, signal_remove_temp);
+	pqsignal(SIGPIPE, signal_remove_temp);
+	pqsignal(SIGTERM, signal_remove_temp);
+
+	return temp_sockdir;
+}
+#endif							/* HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS */
+
+/*
+ * Check whether string matches pattern
+ *
+ * In the original shell script, this function was implemented using expr(1),
+ * which provides basic regular expressions restricted to match starting at
+ * the string start (in conventional regex terms, there's an implicit "^"
+ * at the start of the pattern --- but no implicit "$" at the end).
+ *
+ * For now, we only support "." and ".*" as non-literal metacharacters,
+ * because that's all that anyone has found use for in resultmap.  This
+ * code could be extended if more functionality is needed.
+ */
+static bool
+string_matches_pattern(const char *str, const char *pattern)
+{
+	while (*str && *pattern)
+	{
+		if (*pattern == '.' && pattern[1] == '*')
+		{
+			pattern += 2;
+			/* Trailing .* matches everything. */
+			if (*pattern == '\0')
+				return true;
+
+			/*
+			 * Otherwise, scan for a text position at which we can match the
+			 * rest of the pattern.
+			 */
+			while (*str)
+			{
+				/*
+				 * Optimization to prevent most recursion: don't recurse
+				 * unless first pattern char might match this text char.
+				 */
+				if (*str == *pattern || *pattern == '.')
+				{
+					if (string_matches_pattern(str, pattern))
+						return true;
+				}
+
+				str++;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * End of text with no match.
+			 */
+			return false;
+		}
+		else if (*pattern != '.' && *str != *pattern)
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Not the single-character wildcard and no explicit match? Then
+			 * time to quit...
+			 */
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		str++;
+		pattern++;
+	}
+
+	if (*pattern == '\0')
+		return true;			/* end of pattern, so declare match */
+
+	/* End of input string.  Do we have matching pattern remaining? */
+	while (*pattern == '.' && pattern[1] == '*')
+		pattern += 2;
+	if (*pattern == '\0')
+		return true;			/* end of pattern, so declare match */
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan resultmap file to find which platform-specific expected files to use.
+ *
+ * The format of each line of the file is
+ *		   testname/hostplatformpattern=substitutefile
+ * where the hostplatformpattern is evaluated per the rules of expr(1),
+ * namely, it is a standard regular expression with an implicit ^ at the start.
+ * (We currently support only a very limited subset of regular expressions,
+ * see string_matches_pattern() above.)  What hostplatformpattern will be
+ * matched against is the config.guess output.  (In the shell-script version,
+ * we also provided an indication of whether gcc or another compiler was in
+ * use, but that facility isn't used anymore.)
+ */
+static void
+load_resultmap(void)
+{
+	char		buf[MAXPGPATH];
+	FILE	   *f;
+
+	/* scan the file ... */
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/resultmap", inputdir);
+	f = fopen(buf, "r");
+	if (!f)
+	{
+		/* OK if it doesn't exist, else complain */
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return;
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for reading: %s\n"),
+				progname, buf, strerror(errno));
+		exit(2);
+	}
+
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f))
+	{
+		char	   *platform;
+		char	   *file_type;
+		char	   *expected;
+		int			i;
+
+		/* strip trailing whitespace, especially the newline */
+		i = strlen(buf);
+		while (i > 0 && isspace((unsigned char) buf[i - 1]))
+			buf[--i] = '\0';
+
+		/* parse out the line fields */
+		file_type = strchr(buf, ':');
+		if (!file_type)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("incorrectly formatted resultmap entry: %s\n"),
+					buf);
+			exit(2);
+		}
+		*file_type++ = '\0';
+
+		platform = strchr(file_type, ':');
+		if (!platform)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("incorrectly formatted resultmap entry: %s\n"),
+					buf);
+			exit(2);
+		}
+		*platform++ = '\0';
+		expected = strchr(platform, '=');
+		if (!expected)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("incorrectly formatted resultmap entry: %s\n"),
+					buf);
+			exit(2);
+		}
+		*expected++ = '\0';
+
+		/*
+		 * if it's for current platform, save it in resultmap list. Note: by
+		 * adding at the front of the list, we ensure that in ambiguous cases,
+		 * the last match in the resultmap file is used. This mimics the
+		 * behavior of the old shell script.
+		 */
+		if (string_matches_pattern(host_platform, platform))
+		{
+			_resultmap *entry = pg_malloc(sizeof(_resultmap));
+
+			entry->test = pg_strdup(buf);
+			entry->type = pg_strdup(file_type);
+			entry->resultfile = pg_strdup(expected);
+			entry->next = resultmap;
+			resultmap = entry;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(f);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check in resultmap if we should be looking at a different file
+ */
+static
+const char *
+get_expectfile(const char *testname, const char *file)
+{
+	char	   *file_type;
+	_resultmap *rm;
+
+	/*
+	 * Determine the file type from the file name. This is just what is
+	 * following the last dot in the file name.
+	 */
+	if (!file || !(file_type = strrchr(file, '.')))
+		return NULL;
+
+	file_type++;
+
+	for (rm = resultmap; rm != NULL; rm = rm->next)
+	{
+		if (strcmp(testname, rm->test) == 0 && strcmp(file_type, rm->type) == 0)
+		{
+			return rm->resultfile;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare environment variables for running regression tests
+ */
+static void
+initialize_environment(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Set default application_name.  (The test_start_function may choose to
+	 * override this, but if it doesn't, we have something useful in place.)
+	 */
+	setenv("PGAPPNAME", "pg_regress", 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Set variables that the test scripts may need to refer to.
+	 */
+	setenv("PG_ABS_SRCDIR", inputdir, 1);
+	setenv("PG_ABS_BUILDDIR", outputdir, 1);
+	setenv("PG_LIBDIR", dlpath, 1);
+	setenv("PG_DLSUFFIX", DLSUFFIX, 1);
+
+	if (nolocale)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Clear out any non-C locale settings
+		 */
+		unsetenv("LC_COLLATE");
+		unsetenv("LC_CTYPE");
+		unsetenv("LC_MONETARY");
+		unsetenv("LC_NUMERIC");
+		unsetenv("LC_TIME");
+		unsetenv("LANG");
+
+		/*
+		 * Most platforms have adopted the POSIX locale as their
+		 * implementation-defined default locale.  Exceptions include native
+		 * Windows, macOS with --enable-nls, and Cygwin with --enable-nls.
+		 * (Use of --enable-nls matters because libintl replaces setlocale().)
+		 * Also, PostgreSQL does not support macOS with locale environment
+		 * variables unset; see PostmasterMain().
+		 */
+#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__darwin__)
+		setenv("LANG", "C", 1);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Set translation-related settings to English; otherwise psql will
+	 * produce translated messages and produce diffs.  (XXX If we ever support
+	 * translation of pg_regress, this needs to be moved elsewhere, where psql
+	 * is actually called.)
+	 */
+	unsetenv("LANGUAGE");
+	unsetenv("LC_ALL");
+	setenv("LC_MESSAGES", "C", 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Set encoding as requested
+	 */
+	if (encoding)
+		setenv("PGCLIENTENCODING", encoding, 1);
+	else
+		unsetenv("PGCLIENTENCODING");
+
+	/*
+	 * Set timezone and datestyle for datetime-related tests
+	 */
+	setenv("PGTZ", "PST8PDT", 1);
+	setenv("PGDATESTYLE", "Postgres, MDY", 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Likewise set intervalstyle to ensure consistent results.  This is a bit
+	 * more painful because we must use PGOPTIONS, and we want to preserve the
+	 * user's ability to set other variables through that.
+	 */
+	{
+		const char *my_pgoptions = "-c intervalstyle=postgres_verbose";
+		const char *old_pgoptions = getenv("PGOPTIONS");
+		char	   *new_pgoptions;
+
+		if (!old_pgoptions)
+			old_pgoptions = "";
+		new_pgoptions = psprintf("%s %s",
+								 old_pgoptions, my_pgoptions);
+		setenv("PGOPTIONS", new_pgoptions, 1);
+		free(new_pgoptions);
+	}
+
+	if (temp_instance)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Clear out any environment vars that might cause psql to connect to
+		 * the wrong postmaster, or otherwise behave in nondefault ways. (Note
+		 * we also use psql's -X switch consistently, so that ~/.psqlrc files
+		 * won't mess things up.)  Also, set PGPORT to the temp port, and set
+		 * PGHOST depending on whether we are using TCP or Unix sockets.
+		 *
+		 * This list should be kept in sync with PostgreSQL/Test/Utils.pm.
+		 */
+		unsetenv("PGCHANNELBINDING");
+		/* PGCLIENTENCODING, see above */
+		unsetenv("PGCONNECT_TIMEOUT");
+		unsetenv("PGDATA");
+		unsetenv("PGDATABASE");
+		unsetenv("PGGSSENCMODE");
+		unsetenv("PGGSSLIB");
+		/* PGHOSTADDR, see below */
+		unsetenv("PGKRBSRVNAME");
+		unsetenv("PGPASSFILE");
+		unsetenv("PGPASSWORD");
+		unsetenv("PGREQUIREPEER");
+		unsetenv("PGREQUIRESSL");
+		unsetenv("PGSERVICE");
+		unsetenv("PGSERVICEFILE");
+		unsetenv("PGSSLCERT");
+		unsetenv("PGSSLCRL");
+		unsetenv("PGSSLCRLDIR");
+		unsetenv("PGSSLKEY");
+		unsetenv("PGSSLMAXPROTOCOLVERSION");
+		unsetenv("PGSSLMINPROTOCOLVERSION");
+		unsetenv("PGSSLMODE");
+		unsetenv("PGSSLROOTCERT");
+		unsetenv("PGSSLSNI");
+		unsetenv("PGTARGETSESSIONATTRS");
+		unsetenv("PGUSER");
+		/* PGPORT, see below */
+		/* PGHOST, see below */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS
+		if (hostname != NULL)
+			setenv("PGHOST", hostname, 1);
+		else
+		{
+			sockdir = getenv("PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR");
+			if (!sockdir)
+				sockdir = make_temp_sockdir();
+			setenv("PGHOST", sockdir, 1);
+		}
+#else
+		Assert(hostname != NULL);
+		setenv("PGHOST", hostname, 1);
+#endif
+		unsetenv("PGHOSTADDR");
+		if (port != -1)
+		{
+			char		s[16];
+
+			sprintf(s, "%d", port);
+			setenv("PGPORT", s, 1);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		const char *pghost;
+		const char *pgport;
+
+		/*
+		 * When testing an existing install, we honor existing environment
+		 * variables, except if they're overridden by command line options.
+		 */
+		if (hostname != NULL)
+		{
+			setenv("PGHOST", hostname, 1);
+			unsetenv("PGHOSTADDR");
+		}
+		if (port != -1)
+		{
+			char		s[16];
+
+			sprintf(s, "%d", port);
+			setenv("PGPORT", s, 1);
+		}
+		if (user != NULL)
+			setenv("PGUSER", user, 1);
+
+		/*
+		 * However, we *don't* honor PGDATABASE, since we certainly don't wish
+		 * to connect to whatever database the user might like as default.
+		 * (Most tests override PGDATABASE anyway, but there are some ECPG
+		 * test cases that don't.)
+		 */
+		unsetenv("PGDATABASE");
+
+		/*
+		 * Report what we're connecting to
+		 */
+		pghost = getenv("PGHOST");
+		pgport = getenv("PGPORT");
+		if (!pghost)
+		{
+			/* Keep this bit in sync with libpq's default host location: */
+#ifdef HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS
+			if (DEFAULT_PGSOCKET_DIR[0])
+				 /* do nothing, we'll print "Unix socket" below */ ;
+			else
+#endif
+				pghost = "localhost";	/* DefaultHost in fe-connect.c */
+		}
+
+		if (pghost && pgport)
+			printf(_("(using postmaster on %s, port %s)\n"), pghost, pgport);
+		if (pghost && !pgport)
+			printf(_("(using postmaster on %s, default port)\n"), pghost);
+		if (!pghost && pgport)
+			printf(_("(using postmaster on Unix socket, port %s)\n"), pgport);
+		if (!pghost && !pgport)
+			printf(_("(using postmaster on Unix socket, default port)\n"));
+	}
+
+	load_resultmap();
+}
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_SSPI
+
+/* support for config_sspi_auth() */
+static const char *
+fmtHba(const char *raw)
+{
+	static char *ret;
+	const char *rp;
+	char	   *wp;
+
+	wp = ret = pg_realloc(ret, 3 + strlen(raw) * 2);
+
+	*wp++ = '"';
+	for (rp = raw; *rp; rp++)
+	{
+		if (*rp == '"')
+			*wp++ = '"';
+		*wp++ = *rp;
+	}
+	*wp++ = '"';
+	*wp++ = '\0';
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get account and domain/realm names for the current user.  This is based on
+ * pg_SSPI_recvauth().  The returned strings use static storage.
+ */
+static void
+current_windows_user(const char **acct, const char **dom)
+{
+	static char accountname[MAXPGPATH];
+	static char domainname[MAXPGPATH];
+	HANDLE		token;
+	TOKEN_USER *tokenuser;
+	DWORD		retlen;
+	DWORD		accountnamesize = sizeof(accountname);
+	DWORD		domainnamesize = sizeof(domainname);
+	SID_NAME_USE accountnameuse;
+
+	if (!OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_READ, &token))
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr,
+				_("%s: could not open process token: error code %lu\n"),
+				progname, GetLastError());
+		exit(2);
+	}
+
+	if (!GetTokenInformation(token, TokenUser, NULL, 0, &retlen) && GetLastError() != 122)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr,
+				_("%s: could not get token information buffer size: error code %lu\n"),
+				progname, GetLastError());
+		exit(2);
+	}
+	tokenuser = pg_malloc(retlen);
+	if (!GetTokenInformation(token, TokenUser, tokenuser, retlen, &retlen))
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr,
+				_("%s: could not get token information: error code %lu\n"),
+				progname, GetLastError());
+		exit(2);
+	}
+
+	if (!LookupAccountSid(NULL, tokenuser->User.Sid, accountname, &accountnamesize,
+						  domainname, &domainnamesize, &accountnameuse))
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr,
+				_("%s: could not look up account SID: error code %lu\n"),
+				progname, GetLastError());
+		exit(2);
+	}
+
+	free(tokenuser);
+
+	*acct = accountname;
+	*dom = domainname;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Rewrite pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf to use SSPI authentication.  Permit
+ * the current OS user to authenticate as the bootstrap superuser and as any
+ * user named in a --create-role option.
+ *
+ * In --config-auth mode, the --user switch can be used to specify the
+ * bootstrap superuser's name, otherwise we assume it is the default.
+ */
+static void
+config_sspi_auth(const char *pgdata, const char *superuser_name)
+{
+	const char *accountname,
+			   *domainname;
+	char	   *errstr;
+	bool		have_ipv6;
+	char		fname[MAXPGPATH];
+	int			res;
+	FILE	   *hba,
+			   *ident;
+	_stringlist *sl;
+
+	/* Find out the name of the current OS user */
+	current_windows_user(&accountname, &domainname);
+
+	/* Determine the bootstrap superuser's name */
+	if (superuser_name == NULL)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Compute the default superuser name the same way initdb does.
+		 *
+		 * It's possible that this result always matches "accountname", the
+		 * value SSPI authentication discovers.  But the underlying system
+		 * functions do not clearly guarantee that.
+		 */
+		superuser_name = get_user_name(&errstr);
+		if (superuser_name == NULL)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", progname, errstr);
+			exit(2);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Like initdb.c:setup_config(), determine whether the platform recognizes
+	 * ::1 (IPv6 loopback) as a numeric host address string.
+	 */
+	{
+		struct addrinfo *gai_result;
+		struct addrinfo hints;
+		WSADATA		wsaData;
+
+		hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
+		hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+		hints.ai_socktype = 0;
+		hints.ai_protocol = 0;
+		hints.ai_addrlen = 0;
+		hints.ai_canonname = NULL;
+		hints.ai_addr = NULL;
+		hints.ai_next = NULL;
+
+		have_ipv6 = (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) == 0 &&
+					 getaddrinfo("::1", NULL, &hints, &gai_result) == 0);
+	}
+
+	/* Check a Write outcome and report any error. */
+#define CW(cond)	\
+	do { \
+		if (!(cond)) \
+		{ \
+			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not write to file \"%s\": %s\n"), \
+					progname, fname, strerror(errno)); \
+			exit(2); \
+		} \
+	} while (0)
+
+	res = snprintf(fname, sizeof(fname), "%s/pg_hba.conf", pgdata);
+	if (res < 0 || res >= sizeof(fname))
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Truncating this name is a fatal error, because we must not fail to
+		 * overwrite an original trust-authentication pg_hba.conf.
+		 */
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: directory name too long\n"), progname);
+		exit(2);
+	}
+	hba = fopen(fname, "w");
+	if (hba == NULL)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for writing: %s\n"),
+				progname, fname, strerror(errno));
+		exit(2);
+	}
+	CW(fputs("# Configuration written by config_sspi_auth()\n", hba) >= 0);
+	CW(fputs("host all all 127.0.0.1/32  sspi include_realm=1 map=regress\n",
+			 hba) >= 0);
+	if (have_ipv6)
+		CW(fputs("host all all ::1/128  sspi include_realm=1 map=regress\n",
+				 hba) >= 0);
+	CW(fclose(hba) == 0);
+
+	snprintf(fname, sizeof(fname), "%s/pg_ident.conf", pgdata);
+	ident = fopen(fname, "w");
+	if (ident == NULL)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for writing: %s\n"),
+				progname, fname, strerror(errno));
+		exit(2);
+	}
+	CW(fputs("# Configuration written by config_sspi_auth()\n", ident) >= 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Double-quote for the benefit of account names containing whitespace or
+	 * '#'.  Windows forbids the double-quote character itself, so don't
+	 * bother escaping embedded double-quote characters.
+	 */
+	CW(fprintf(ident, "regress  \"%s@%s\"  %s\n",
+			   accountname, domainname, fmtHba(superuser_name)) >= 0);
+	for (sl = extraroles; sl; sl = sl->next)
+		CW(fprintf(ident, "regress  \"%s@%s\"  %s\n",
+				   accountname, domainname, fmtHba(sl->str)) >= 0);
+	CW(fclose(ident) == 0);
+}
+
+#endif							/* ENABLE_SSPI */
+
+/*
+ * psql_start_command, psql_add_command, psql_end_command
+ *
+ * Issue one or more commands within one psql call.
+ * Set up with psql_start_command, then add commands one at a time
+ * with psql_add_command, and finally execute with psql_end_command.
+ *
+ * Since we use system(), this doesn't return until the operation finishes
+ */
+static StringInfo
+psql_start_command(void)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = makeStringInfo();
+
+	appendStringInfo(buf,
+					 "\"%s%spsql\" -X",
+					 bindir ? bindir : "",
+					 bindir ? "/" : "");
+	return buf;
+}
+
+static void
+psql_add_command(StringInfo buf, const char *query,...)
+{
+	StringInfoData cmdbuf;
+	const char *cmdptr;
+
+	/* Add each command as a -c argument in the psql call */
+	appendStringInfoString(buf, " -c \"");
+
+	/* Generate the query with insertion of sprintf arguments */
+	initStringInfo(&cmdbuf);
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		va_list		args;
+		int			needed;
+
+		va_start(args, query);
+		needed = appendStringInfoVA(&cmdbuf, query, args);
+		va_end(args);
+		if (needed == 0)
+			break;				/* success */
+		enlargeStringInfo(&cmdbuf, needed);
+	}
+
+	/* Now escape any shell double-quote metacharacters */
+	for (cmdptr = cmdbuf.data; *cmdptr; cmdptr++)
+	{
+		if (strchr("\\\"$`", *cmdptr))
+			appendStringInfoChar(buf, '\\');
+		appendStringInfoChar(buf, *cmdptr);
+	}
+
+	appendStringInfoChar(buf, '"');
+
+	pfree(cmdbuf.data);
+}
+
+static void
+psql_end_command(StringInfo buf, const char *database)
+{
+	/* Add the database name --- assume it needs no extra escaping */
+	appendStringInfo(buf,
+					 " \"%s\"",
+					 database);
+
+	/* And now we can execute the shell command */
+	if (system(buf->data) != 0)
+	{
+		/* psql probably already reported the error */
+		fprintf(stderr, _("command failed: %s\n"), buf->data);
+		exit(2);
+	}
+
+	/* Clean up */
+	pfree(buf->data);
+	pfree(buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Shorthand macro for the common case of a single command
+ */
+#define psql_command(database, ...) \
+	do { \
+		StringInfo cmdbuf = psql_start_command(); \
+		psql_add_command(cmdbuf, __VA_ARGS__); \
+		psql_end_command(cmdbuf, database); \
+	} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * Spawn a process to execute the given shell command; don't wait for it
+ *
+ * Returns the process ID (or HANDLE) so we can wait for it later
+ */
+PID_TYPE
+spawn_process(const char *cmdline)
+{
+#ifndef WIN32
+	pid_t		pid;
+
+	/*
+	 * Must flush I/O buffers before fork.  Ideally we'd use fflush(NULL) here
+	 * ... does anyone still care about systems where that doesn't work?
+	 */
+	fflush(stdout);
+	fflush(stderr);
+	if (logfile)
+		fflush(logfile);
+
+#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
+	pg_disable_aslr();
+#endif
+
+	pid = fork();
+	if (pid == -1)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not fork: %s\n"),
+				progname, strerror(errno));
+		exit(2);
+	}
+	if (pid == 0)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * In child
+		 *
+		 * Instead of using system(), exec the shell directly, and tell it to
+		 * "exec" the command too.  This saves two useless processes per
+		 * parallel test case.
+		 */
+		char	   *cmdline2;
+
+		cmdline2 = psprintf("exec %s", cmdline);
+		execl(shellprog, shellprog, "-c", cmdline2, (char *) NULL);
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not exec \"%s\": %s\n"),
+				progname, shellprog, strerror(errno));
+		_exit(1);				/* not exit() here... */
+	}
+	/* in parent */
+	return pid;
+#else
+	PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
+	char	   *cmdline2;
+	HANDLE		restrictedToken;
+	const char *comspec;
+
+	/* Find CMD.EXE location using COMSPEC, if it's set */
+	comspec = getenv("COMSPEC");
+	if (comspec == NULL)
+		comspec = "CMD";
+
+	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
+	cmdline2 = psprintf("\"%s\" /c \"%s\"", comspec, cmdline);
+
+	if ((restrictedToken =
+		 CreateRestrictedProcess(cmdline2, &pi)) == 0)
+		exit(2);
+
+	CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+	return pi.hProcess;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Count bytes in file
+ */
+static long
+file_size(const char *file)
+{
+	long		r;
+	FILE	   *f = fopen(file, "r");
+
+	if (!f)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for reading: %s\n"),
+				progname, file, strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+	fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
+	r = ftell(f);
+	fclose(f);
+	return r;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Count lines in file
+ */
+static int
+file_line_count(const char *file)
+{
+	int			c;
+	int			l = 0;
+	FILE	   *f = fopen(file, "r");
+
+	if (!f)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for reading: %s\n"),
+				progname, file, strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+	while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF)
+	{
+		if (c == '\n')
+			l++;
+	}
+	fclose(f);
+	return l;
+}
+
+bool
+file_exists(const char *file)
+{
+	FILE	   *f = fopen(file, "r");
+
+	if (!f)
+		return false;
+	fclose(f);
+	return true;
+}
+
+static bool
+directory_exists(const char *dir)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (stat(dir, &st) != 0)
+		return false;
+	if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+		return true;
+	return false;
+}
+
+/* Create a directory */
+static void
+make_directory(const char *dir)
+{
+	if (mkdir(dir, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO) < 0)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
+				progname, dir, strerror(errno));
+		exit(2);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * In: filename.ext, Return: filename_i.ext, where 0 < i <= 9
+ */
+static char *
+get_alternative_expectfile(const char *expectfile, int i)
+{
+	char	   *last_dot;
+	int			ssize = strlen(expectfile) + 2 + 1;
+	char	   *tmp;
+	char	   *s;
+
+	if (!(tmp = (char *) malloc(ssize)))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!(s = (char *) malloc(ssize)))
+	{
+		free(tmp);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	strcpy(tmp, expectfile);
+	last_dot = strrchr(tmp, '.');
+	if (!last_dot)
+	{
+		free(tmp);
+		free(s);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	*last_dot = '\0';
+	snprintf(s, ssize, "%s_%d.%s", tmp, i, last_dot + 1);
+	free(tmp);
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Run a "diff" command and also check that it didn't crash
+ */
+static int
+run_diff(const char *cmd, const char *filename)
+{
+	int			r;
+
+	r = system(cmd);
+	if (!WIFEXITED(r) || WEXITSTATUS(r) > 1)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("diff command failed with status %d: %s\n"), r, cmd);
+		exit(2);
+	}
+#ifdef WIN32
+
+	/*
+	 * On WIN32, if the 'diff' command cannot be found, system() returns 1,
+	 * but produces nothing to stdout, so we check for that here.
+	 */
+	if (WEXITSTATUS(r) == 1 && file_size(filename) <= 0)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("diff command not found: %s\n"), cmd);
+		exit(2);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	return WEXITSTATUS(r);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check the actual result file for the given test against expected results
+ *
+ * Returns true if different (failure), false if correct match found.
+ * In the true case, the diff is appended to the diffs file.
+ */
+static bool
+results_differ(const char *testname, const char *resultsfile, const char *default_expectfile)
+{
+	char		expectfile[MAXPGPATH];
+	char		diff[MAXPGPATH];
+	char		cmd[MAXPGPATH * 3];
+	char		best_expect_file[MAXPGPATH];
+	FILE	   *difffile;
+	int			best_line_count;
+	int			i;
+	int			l;
+	const char *platform_expectfile;
+
+	/*
+	 * We can pass either the resultsfile or the expectfile, they should have
+	 * the same type (filename.type) anyway.
+	 */
+	platform_expectfile = get_expectfile(testname, resultsfile);
+
+	strlcpy(expectfile, default_expectfile, sizeof(expectfile));
+	if (platform_expectfile)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Replace everything after the last slash in expectfile with what the
+		 * platform_expectfile contains.
+		 */
+		char	   *p = strrchr(expectfile, '/');
+
+		if (p)
+			strcpy(++p, platform_expectfile);
+	}
+
+	/* Name to use for temporary diff file */
+	snprintf(diff, sizeof(diff), "%s.diff", resultsfile);
+
+	/* OK, run the diff */
+	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
+			 "diff %s \"%s\" \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
+			 basic_diff_opts, expectfile, resultsfile, diff);
+
+	/* Is the diff file empty? */
+	if (run_diff(cmd, diff) == 0)
+	{
+		unlink(diff);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* There may be secondary comparison files that match better */
+	best_line_count = file_line_count(diff);
+	strcpy(best_expect_file, expectfile);
+
+	for (i = 0; i <= 9; i++)
+	{
+		char	   *alt_expectfile;
+
+		alt_expectfile = get_alternative_expectfile(expectfile, i);
+		if (!alt_expectfile)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to check secondary comparison files: %s\n"),
+					strerror(errno));
+			exit(2);
+		}
+
+		if (!file_exists(alt_expectfile))
+		{
+			free(alt_expectfile);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
+				 "diff %s \"%s\" \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
+				 basic_diff_opts, alt_expectfile, resultsfile, diff);
+
+		if (run_diff(cmd, diff) == 0)
+		{
+			unlink(diff);
+			free(alt_expectfile);
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		l = file_line_count(diff);
+		if (l < best_line_count)
+		{
+			/* This diff was a better match than the last one */
+			best_line_count = l;
+			strlcpy(best_expect_file, alt_expectfile, sizeof(best_expect_file));
+		}
+		free(alt_expectfile);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * fall back on the canonical results file if we haven't tried it yet and
+	 * haven't found a complete match yet.
+	 */
+
+	if (platform_expectfile)
+	{
+		snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
+				 "diff %s \"%s\" \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
+				 basic_diff_opts, default_expectfile, resultsfile, diff);
+
+		if (run_diff(cmd, diff) == 0)
+		{
+			/* No diff = no changes = good */
+			unlink(diff);
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		l = file_line_count(diff);
+		if (l < best_line_count)
+		{
+			/* This diff was a better match than the last one */
+			best_line_count = l;
+			strlcpy(best_expect_file, default_expectfile, sizeof(best_expect_file));
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Use the best comparison file to generate the "pretty" diff, which we
+	 * append to the diffs summary file.
+	 */
+
+	/* Write diff header */
+	difffile = fopen(difffilename, "a");
+	if (difffile)
+	{
+		fprintf(difffile,
+				"diff %s %s %s\n",
+				pretty_diff_opts, best_expect_file, resultsfile);
+		fclose(difffile);
+	}
+
+	/* Run diff */
+	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
+			 "diff %s \"%s\" \"%s\" >> \"%s\"",
+			 pretty_diff_opts, best_expect_file, resultsfile, difffilename);
+	run_diff(cmd, difffilename);
+
+	unlink(diff);
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait for specified subprocesses to finish, and return their exit
+ * statuses into statuses[] and stop times into stoptimes[]
+ *
+ * If names isn't NULL, print each subprocess's name as it finishes
+ *
+ * Note: it's OK to scribble on the pids array, but not on the names array
+ */
+static void
+wait_for_tests(PID_TYPE * pids, int *statuses, instr_time *stoptimes,
+			   char **names, int num_tests)
+{
+	int			tests_left;
+	int			i;
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+	PID_TYPE   *active_pids = pg_malloc(num_tests * sizeof(PID_TYPE));
+
+	memcpy(active_pids, pids, num_tests * sizeof(PID_TYPE));
+#endif
+
+	tests_left = num_tests;
+	while (tests_left > 0)
+	{
+		PID_TYPE	p;
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+		int			exit_status;
+
+		p = wait(&exit_status);
+
+		if (p == INVALID_PID)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("failed to wait for subprocesses: %s\n"),
+					strerror(errno));
+			exit(2);
+		}
+#else
+		DWORD		exit_status;
+		int			r;
+
+		r = WaitForMultipleObjects(tests_left, active_pids, FALSE, INFINITE);
+		if (r < WAIT_OBJECT_0 || r >= WAIT_OBJECT_0 + tests_left)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("failed to wait for subprocesses: error code %lu\n"),
+					GetLastError());
+			exit(2);
+		}
+		p = active_pids[r - WAIT_OBJECT_0];
+		/* compact the active_pids array */
+		active_pids[r - WAIT_OBJECT_0] = active_pids[tests_left - 1];
+#endif							/* WIN32 */
+
+		for (i = 0; i < num_tests; i++)
+		{
+			if (p == pids[i])
+			{
+#ifdef WIN32
+				GetExitCodeProcess(pids[i], &exit_status);
+				CloseHandle(pids[i]);
+#endif
+				pids[i] = INVALID_PID;
+				statuses[i] = (int) exit_status;
+				INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(stoptimes[i]);
+				if (names)
+					status(" %s", names[i]);
+				tests_left--;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+	free(active_pids);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * report nonzero exit code from a test process
+ */
+static void
+log_child_failure(int exitstatus)
+{
+	if (WIFEXITED(exitstatus))
+		status(_(" (test process exited with exit code %d)"),
+			   WEXITSTATUS(exitstatus));
+	else if (WIFSIGNALED(exitstatus))
+	{
+#if defined(WIN32)
+		status(_(" (test process was terminated by exception 0x%X)"),
+			   WTERMSIG(exitstatus));
+#else
+		status(_(" (test process was terminated by signal %d: %s)"),
+			   WTERMSIG(exitstatus), pg_strsignal(WTERMSIG(exitstatus)));
+#endif
+	}
+	else
+		status(_(" (test process exited with unrecognized status %d)"),
+			   exitstatus);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Run all the tests specified in one schedule file
+ */
+static void
+run_schedule(const char *schedule, test_start_function startfunc,
+			 postprocess_result_function postfunc)
+{
+#define MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS 100
+	char	   *tests[MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS];
+	_stringlist *resultfiles[MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS];
+	_stringlist *expectfiles[MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS];
+	_stringlist *tags[MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS];
+	PID_TYPE	pids[MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS];
+	instr_time	starttimes[MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS];
+	instr_time	stoptimes[MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS];
+	int			statuses[MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS];
+	_stringlist *ignorelist = NULL;
+	char		scbuf[1024];
+	FILE	   *scf;
+	int			line_num = 0;
+
+	memset(tests, 0, sizeof(tests));
+	memset(resultfiles, 0, sizeof(resultfiles));
+	memset(expectfiles, 0, sizeof(expectfiles));
+	memset(tags, 0, sizeof(tags));
+
+	scf = fopen(schedule, "r");
+	if (!scf)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for reading: %s\n"),
+				progname, schedule, strerror(errno));
+		exit(2);
+	}
+
+	while (fgets(scbuf, sizeof(scbuf), scf))
+	{
+		char	   *test = NULL;
+		char	   *c;
+		int			num_tests;
+		bool		inword;
+		int			i;
+
+		line_num++;
+
+		/* strip trailing whitespace, especially the newline */
+		i = strlen(scbuf);
+		while (i > 0 && isspace((unsigned char) scbuf[i - 1]))
+			scbuf[--i] = '\0';
+
+		if (scbuf[0] == '\0' || scbuf[0] == '#')
+			continue;
+		if (strncmp(scbuf, "test: ", 6) == 0)
+			test = scbuf + 6;
+		else if (strncmp(scbuf, "ignore: ", 8) == 0)
+		{
+			c = scbuf + 8;
+			while (*c && isspace((unsigned char) *c))
+				c++;
+			add_stringlist_item(&ignorelist, c);
+
+			/*
+			 * Note: ignore: lines do not run the test, they just say that
+			 * failure of this test when run later on is to be ignored. A bit
+			 * odd but that's how the shell-script version did it.
+			 */
+			continue;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("syntax error in schedule file \"%s\" line %d: %s\n"),
+					schedule, line_num, scbuf);
+			exit(2);
+		}
+
+		num_tests = 0;
+		inword = false;
+		for (c = test;; c++)
+		{
+			if (*c == '\0' || isspace((unsigned char) *c))
+			{
+				if (inword)
+				{
+					/* Reached end of a test name */
+					char		sav;
+
+					if (num_tests >= MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS)
+					{
+						fprintf(stderr, _("too many parallel tests (more than %d) in schedule file \"%s\" line %d: %s\n"),
+								MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS, schedule, line_num, scbuf);
+						exit(2);
+					}
+					sav = *c;
+					*c = '\0';
+					tests[num_tests] = pg_strdup(test);
+					num_tests++;
+					*c = sav;
+					inword = false;
+				}
+				if (*c == '\0')
+					break;		/* loop exit is here */
+			}
+			else if (!inword)
+			{
+				/* Start of a test name */
+				test = c;
+				inword = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (num_tests == 0)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("syntax error in schedule file \"%s\" line %d: %s\n"),
+					schedule, line_num, scbuf);
+			exit(2);
+		}
+
+		if (num_tests == 1)
+		{
+			status(_("test %-28s ... "), tests[0]);
+			pids[0] = (startfunc) (tests[0], &resultfiles[0], &expectfiles[0], &tags[0]);
+			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(starttimes[0]);
+			wait_for_tests(pids, statuses, stoptimes, NULL, 1);
+			/* status line is finished below */
+		}
+		else if (max_concurrent_tests > 0 && max_concurrent_tests < num_tests)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("too many parallel tests (more than %d) in schedule file \"%s\" line %d: %s\n"),
+					max_concurrent_tests, schedule, line_num, scbuf);
+			exit(2);
+		}
+		else if (max_connections > 0 && max_connections < num_tests)
+		{
+			int			oldest = 0;
+
+			status(_("parallel group (%d tests, in groups of %d): "),
+				   num_tests, max_connections);
+			for (i = 0; i < num_tests; i++)
+			{
+				if (i - oldest >= max_connections)
+				{
+					wait_for_tests(pids + oldest, statuses + oldest,
+								   stoptimes + oldest,
+								   tests + oldest, i - oldest);
+					oldest = i;
+				}
+				pids[i] = (startfunc) (tests[i], &resultfiles[i], &expectfiles[i], &tags[i]);
+				INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(starttimes[i]);
+			}
+			wait_for_tests(pids + oldest, statuses + oldest,
+						   stoptimes + oldest,
+						   tests + oldest, i - oldest);
+			status_end();
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			status(_("parallel group (%d tests): "), num_tests);
+			for (i = 0; i < num_tests; i++)
+			{
+				pids[i] = (startfunc) (tests[i], &resultfiles[i], &expectfiles[i], &tags[i]);
+				INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(starttimes[i]);
+			}
+			wait_for_tests(pids, statuses, stoptimes, tests, num_tests);
+			status_end();
+		}
+
+		/* Check results for all tests */
+		for (i = 0; i < num_tests; i++)
+		{
+			_stringlist *rl,
+					   *el,
+					   *tl;
+			bool		differ = false;
+
+			if (num_tests > 1)
+				status(_("     %-28s ... "), tests[i]);
+
+			/*
+			 * Advance over all three lists simultaneously.
+			 *
+			 * Compare resultfiles[j] with expectfiles[j] always. Tags are
+			 * optional but if there are tags, the tag list has the same
+			 * length as the other two lists.
+			 */
+			for (rl = resultfiles[i], el = expectfiles[i], tl = tags[i];
+				 rl != NULL;	/* rl and el have the same length */
+				 rl = rl->next, el = el->next,
+				 tl = tl ? tl->next : NULL)
+			{
+				bool		newdiff;
+
+				if (postfunc)
+					(*postfunc) (rl->str);
+				newdiff = results_differ(tests[i], rl->str, el->str);
+				if (newdiff && tl)
+				{
+					printf("%s ", tl->str);
+				}
+				differ |= newdiff;
+			}
+
+			if (differ)
+			{
+				bool		ignore = false;
+				_stringlist *sl;
+
+				for (sl = ignorelist; sl != NULL; sl = sl->next)
+				{
+					if (strcmp(tests[i], sl->str) == 0)
+					{
+						ignore = true;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				if (ignore)
+				{
+					status(_("failed (ignored)"));
+					fail_ignore_count++;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					status(_("FAILED"));
+					fail_count++;
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				status(_("ok    "));	/* align with FAILED */
+				success_count++;
+			}
+
+			if (statuses[i] != 0)
+				log_child_failure(statuses[i]);
+
+			INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(stoptimes[i], starttimes[i]);
+			status(_(" %8.0f ms"), INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(stoptimes[i]));
+
+			status_end();
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < num_tests; i++)
+		{
+			pg_free(tests[i]);
+			tests[i] = NULL;
+			free_stringlist(&resultfiles[i]);
+			free_stringlist(&expectfiles[i]);
+			free_stringlist(&tags[i]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	free_stringlist(&ignorelist);
+
+	fclose(scf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Run a single test
+ */
+static void
+run_single_test(const char *test, test_start_function startfunc,
+				postprocess_result_function postfunc)
+{
+	PID_TYPE	pid;
+	instr_time	starttime;
+	instr_time	stoptime;
+	int			exit_status;
+	_stringlist *resultfiles = NULL;
+	_stringlist *expectfiles = NULL;
+	_stringlist *tags = NULL;
+	_stringlist *rl,
+			   *el,
+			   *tl;
+	bool		differ = false;
+
+	status(_("test %-28s ... "), test);
+	pid = (startfunc) (test, &resultfiles, &expectfiles, &tags);
+	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(starttime);
+	wait_for_tests(&pid, &exit_status, &stoptime, NULL, 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Advance over all three lists simultaneously.
+	 *
+	 * Compare resultfiles[j] with expectfiles[j] always. Tags are optional
+	 * but if there are tags, the tag list has the same length as the other
+	 * two lists.
+	 */
+	for (rl = resultfiles, el = expectfiles, tl = tags;
+		 rl != NULL;			/* rl and el have the same length */
+		 rl = rl->next, el = el->next,
+		 tl = tl ? tl->next : NULL)
+	{
+		bool		newdiff;
+
+		if (postfunc)
+			(*postfunc) (rl->str);
+		newdiff = results_differ(test, rl->str, el->str);
+		if (newdiff && tl)
+		{
+			printf("%s ", tl->str);
+		}
+		differ |= newdiff;
+	}
+
+	if (differ)
+	{
+		status(_("FAILED"));
+		fail_count++;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		status(_("ok    "));	/* align with FAILED */
+		success_count++;
+	}
+
+	if (exit_status != 0)
+		log_child_failure(exit_status);
+
+	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(stoptime, starttime);
+	status(_(" %8.0f ms"), INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(stoptime));
+
+	status_end();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create the summary-output files (making them empty if already existing)
+ */
+static void
+open_result_files(void)
+{
+	char		file[MAXPGPATH];
+	FILE	   *difffile;
+
+	/* create outputdir directory if not present */
+	if (!directory_exists(outputdir))
+		make_directory(outputdir);
+
+	/* create the log file (copy of running status output) */
+	snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "%s/regression.out", outputdir);
+	logfilename = pg_strdup(file);
+	logfile = fopen(logfilename, "w");
+	if (!logfile)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for writing: %s\n"),
+				progname, logfilename, strerror(errno));
+		exit(2);
+	}
+
+	/* create the diffs file as empty */
+	snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "%s/regression.diffs", outputdir);
+	difffilename = pg_strdup(file);
+	difffile = fopen(difffilename, "w");
+	if (!difffile)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for writing: %s\n"),
+				progname, difffilename, strerror(errno));
+		exit(2);
+	}
+	/* we don't keep the diffs file open continuously */
+	fclose(difffile);
+
+	/* also create the results directory if not present */
+	snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "%s/results", outputdir);
+	if (!directory_exists(file))
+		make_directory(file);
+}
+
+static void
+drop_database_if_exists(const char *dbname)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = psql_start_command();
+
+	header(_("dropping database \"%s\""), dbname);
+	/* Set warning level so we don't see chatter about nonexistent DB */
+	psql_add_command(buf, "SET client_min_messages = warning");
+	psql_add_command(buf, "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS \"%s\"", dbname);
+	psql_end_command(buf, "postgres");
+}
+
+static void
+create_database(const char *dbname)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = psql_start_command();
+	_stringlist *sl;
+
+	/*
+	 * We use template0 so that any installation-local cruft in template1 will
+	 * not mess up the tests.
+	 */
+	header(_("creating database \"%s\""), dbname);
+	if (encoding)
+		psql_add_command(buf, "CREATE DATABASE \"%s\" TEMPLATE=template0 ENCODING='%s'%s", dbname, encoding,
+						 (nolocale) ? " LC_COLLATE='C' LC_CTYPE='C'" : "");
+	else
+		psql_add_command(buf, "CREATE DATABASE \"%s\" TEMPLATE=template0%s", dbname,
+						 (nolocale) ? " LC_COLLATE='C' LC_CTYPE='C'" : "");
+	psql_add_command(buf,
+					 "ALTER DATABASE \"%s\" SET lc_messages TO 'C';"
+					 "ALTER DATABASE \"%s\" SET lc_monetary TO 'C';"
+					 "ALTER DATABASE \"%s\" SET lc_numeric TO 'C';"
+					 "ALTER DATABASE \"%s\" SET lc_time TO 'C';"
+					 "ALTER DATABASE \"%s\" SET bytea_output TO 'hex';"
+					 "ALTER DATABASE \"%s\" SET timezone_abbreviations TO 'Default';",
+					 dbname, dbname, dbname, dbname, dbname, dbname);
+	psql_end_command(buf, "postgres");
+
+	/*
+	 * Install any requested extensions.  We use CREATE IF NOT EXISTS so that
+	 * this will work whether or not the extension is preinstalled.
+	 */
+	for (sl = loadextension; sl != NULL; sl = sl->next)
+	{
+		header(_("installing %s"), sl->str);
+		psql_command(dbname, "CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS \"%s\"", sl->str);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+drop_role_if_exists(const char *rolename)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = psql_start_command();
+
+	header(_("dropping role \"%s\""), rolename);
+	/* Set warning level so we don't see chatter about nonexistent role */
+	psql_add_command(buf, "SET client_min_messages = warning");
+	psql_add_command(buf, "DROP ROLE IF EXISTS \"%s\"", rolename);
+	psql_end_command(buf, "postgres");
+}
+
+static void
+create_role(const char *rolename, const _stringlist *granted_dbs)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = psql_start_command();
+
+	header(_("creating role \"%s\""), rolename);
+	psql_add_command(buf, "CREATE ROLE \"%s\" WITH LOGIN", rolename);
+	for (; granted_dbs != NULL; granted_dbs = granted_dbs->next)
+	{
+		psql_add_command(buf, "GRANT ALL ON DATABASE \"%s\" TO \"%s\"",
+						 granted_dbs->str, rolename);
+	}
+	psql_end_command(buf, "postgres");
+}
+
+static void
+help(void)
+{
+	printf(_("PostgreSQL regression test driver\n"));
+	printf(_("\n"));
+	printf(_("Usage:\n  %s [OPTION]... [EXTRA-TEST]...\n"), progname);
+	printf(_("\n"));
+	printf(_("Options:\n"));
+	printf(_("      --bindir=BINPATH          use BINPATH for programs that are run;\n"));
+	printf(_("                                if empty, use PATH from the environment\n"));
+	printf(_("      --config-auth=DATADIR     update authentication settings for DATADIR\n"));
+	printf(_("      --create-role=ROLE        create the specified role before testing\n"));
+	printf(_("      --dbname=DB               use database DB (default \"regression\")\n"));
+	printf(_("      --debug                   turn on debug mode in programs that are run\n"));
+	printf(_("      --dlpath=DIR              look for dynamic libraries in DIR\n"));
+	printf(_("      --encoding=ENCODING       use ENCODING as the encoding\n"));
+	printf(_("  -h, --help                    show this help, then exit\n"));
+	printf(_("      --inputdir=DIR            take input files from DIR (default \".\")\n"));
+	printf(_("      --launcher=CMD            use CMD as launcher of psql\n"));
+	printf(_("      --load-extension=EXT      load the named extension before running the\n"));
+	printf(_("                                tests; can appear multiple times\n"));
+	printf(_("      --max-connections=N       maximum number of concurrent connections\n"));
+	printf(_("                                (default is 0, meaning unlimited)\n"));
+	printf(_("      --max-concurrent-tests=N  maximum number of concurrent tests in schedule\n"));
+	printf(_("                                (default is 0, meaning unlimited)\n"));
+	printf(_("      --outputdir=DIR           place output files in DIR (default \".\")\n"));
+	printf(_("      --schedule=FILE           use test ordering schedule from FILE\n"));
+	printf(_("                                (can be used multiple times to concatenate)\n"));
+	printf(_("      --temp-instance=DIR       create a temporary instance in DIR\n"));
+	printf(_("      --use-existing            use an existing installation\n"));
+	printf(_("  -V, --version                 output version information, then exit\n"));
+	printf(_("\n"));
+	printf(_("Options for \"temp-instance\" mode:\n"));
+	printf(_("      --no-locale               use C locale\n"));
+	printf(_("      --port=PORT               start postmaster on PORT\n"));
+	printf(_("      --temp-config=FILE        append contents of FILE to temporary config\n"));
+	printf(_("\n"));
+	printf(_("Options for using an existing installation:\n"));
+	printf(_("      --host=HOST               use postmaster running on HOST\n"));
+	printf(_("      --port=PORT               use postmaster running at PORT\n"));
+	printf(_("      --user=USER               connect as USER\n"));
+	printf(_("\n"));
+	printf(_("The exit status is 0 if all tests passed, 1 if some tests failed, and 2\n"));
+	printf(_("if the tests could not be run for some reason.\n"));
+	printf(_("\n"));
+	printf(_("Report bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
+	printf(_("%s home page: <%s>\n"), PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_URL);
+}
+
+int
+regression_main(int argc, char *argv[],
+				init_function ifunc,
+				test_start_function startfunc,
+				postprocess_result_function postfunc)
+{
+	static struct option long_options[] = {
+		{"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
+		{"version", no_argument, NULL, 'V'},
+		{"dbname", required_argument, NULL, 1},
+		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 2},
+		{"inputdir", required_argument, NULL, 3},
+		{"max-connections", required_argument, NULL, 5},
+		{"encoding", required_argument, NULL, 6},
+		{"outputdir", required_argument, NULL, 7},
+		{"schedule", required_argument, NULL, 8},
+		{"temp-instance", required_argument, NULL, 9},
+		{"no-locale", no_argument, NULL, 10},
+		{"host", required_argument, NULL, 13},
+		{"port", required_argument, NULL, 14},
+		{"user", required_argument, NULL, 15},
+		{"bindir", required_argument, NULL, 16},
+		{"dlpath", required_argument, NULL, 17},
+		{"create-role", required_argument, NULL, 18},
+		{"temp-config", required_argument, NULL, 19},
+		{"use-existing", no_argument, NULL, 20},
+		{"launcher", required_argument, NULL, 21},
+		{"load-extension", required_argument, NULL, 22},
+		{"config-auth", required_argument, NULL, 24},
+		{"max-concurrent-tests", required_argument, NULL, 25},
+		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
+	};
+
+	bool		use_unix_sockets;
+	_stringlist *sl;
+	int			c;
+	int			i;
+	int			option_index;
+	char		buf[MAXPGPATH * 4];
+	char		buf2[MAXPGPATH * 4];
+
+	pg_logging_init(argv[0]);
+	progname = get_progname(argv[0]);
+	set_pglocale_pgservice(argv[0], PG_TEXTDOMAIN("pg_regress"));
+
+	get_restricted_token();
+
+	atexit(stop_postmaster);
+
+#if !defined(HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS)
+	use_unix_sockets = false;
+#elif defined(WIN32)
+
+	/*
+	 * We don't use Unix-domain sockets on Windows by default, even if the
+	 * build supports them.  (See comment at remove_temp() for a reason.)
+	 * Override at your own risk.
+	 */
+	use_unix_sockets = getenv("PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS") ? true : false;
+#else
+	use_unix_sockets = true;
+#endif
+
+	if (!use_unix_sockets)
+		hostname = "localhost";
+
+	/*
+	 * We call the initialization function here because that way we can set
+	 * default parameters and let them be overwritten by the commandline.
+	 */
+	ifunc(argc, argv);
+
+	if (getenv("PG_REGRESS_DIFF_OPTS"))
+		pretty_diff_opts = getenv("PG_REGRESS_DIFF_OPTS");
+
+	while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hV", long_options, &option_index)) != -1)
+	{
+		switch (c)
+		{
+			case 'h':
+				help();
+				exit(0);
+			case 'V':
+				puts("pg_regress (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
+				exit(0);
+			case 1:
+
+				/*
+				 * If a default database was specified, we need to remove it
+				 * before we add the specified one.
+				 */
+				free_stringlist(&dblist);
+				split_to_stringlist(optarg, ",", &dblist);
+				break;
+			case 2:
+				debug = true;
+				break;
+			case 3:
+				inputdir = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+			case 5:
+				max_connections = atoi(optarg);
+				break;
+			case 6:
+				encoding = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+			case 7:
+				outputdir = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+			case 8:
+				add_stringlist_item(&schedulelist, optarg);
+				break;
+			case 9:
+				temp_instance = make_absolute_path(optarg);
+				break;
+			case 10:
+				nolocale = true;
+				break;
+			case 13:
+				hostname = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+			case 14:
+				port = atoi(optarg);
+				port_specified_by_user = true;
+				break;
+			case 15:
+				user = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+			case 16:
+				/* "--bindir=" means to use PATH */
+				if (strlen(optarg))
+					bindir = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				else
+					bindir = NULL;
+				break;
+			case 17:
+				dlpath = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+			case 18:
+				split_to_stringlist(optarg, ",", &extraroles);
+				break;
+			case 19:
+				add_stringlist_item(&temp_configs, optarg);
+				break;
+			case 20:
+				use_existing = true;
+				break;
+			case 21:
+				launcher = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+			case 22:
+				add_stringlist_item(&loadextension, optarg);
+				break;
+			case 24:
+				config_auth_datadir = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+			case 25:
+				max_concurrent_tests = atoi(optarg);
+				break;
+			default:
+				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
+				fprintf(stderr, _("\nTry \"%s -h\" for more information.\n"),
+						progname);
+				exit(2);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * if we still have arguments, they are extra tests to run
+	 */
+	while (argc - optind >= 1)
+	{
+		add_stringlist_item(&extra_tests, argv[optind]);
+		optind++;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We must have a database to run the tests in; either a default name, or
+	 * one supplied by the --dbname switch.
+	 */
+	if (!(dblist && dblist->str && dblist->str[0]))
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: no database name was specified\n"),
+				progname);
+		exit(2);
+	}
+
+	if (config_auth_datadir)
+	{
+#ifdef ENABLE_SSPI
+		if (!use_unix_sockets)
+			config_sspi_auth(config_auth_datadir, user);
+#endif
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	if (temp_instance && !port_specified_by_user)
+
+		/*
+		 * To reduce chances of interference with parallel installations, use
+		 * a port number starting in the private range (49152-65535)
+		 * calculated from the version number.  This aids !HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS
+		 * systems; elsewhere, the use of a private socket directory already
+		 * prevents interference.
+		 */
+		port = 0xC000 | (PG_VERSION_NUM & 0x3FFF);
+
+	inputdir = make_absolute_path(inputdir);
+	outputdir = make_absolute_path(outputdir);
+	dlpath = make_absolute_path(dlpath);
+
+	/*
+	 * Initialization
+	 */
+	open_result_files();
+
+	initialize_environment();
+
+#if defined(HAVE_GETRLIMIT) && defined(RLIMIT_CORE)
+	unlimit_core_size();
+#endif
+
+	if (temp_instance)
+	{
+		FILE	   *pg_conf;
+		const char *env_wait;
+		int			wait_seconds;
+
+		/*
+		 * Prepare the temp instance
+		 */
+
+		if (directory_exists(temp_instance))
+		{
+			header(_("removing existing temp instance"));
+			if (!rmtree(temp_instance, true))
+			{
+				fprintf(stderr, _("\n%s: could not remove temp instance \"%s\"\n"),
+						progname, temp_instance);
+				exit(2);
+			}
+		}
+
+		header(_("creating temporary instance"));
+
+		/* make the temp instance top directory */
+		make_directory(temp_instance);
+
+		/* and a directory for log files */
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/log", outputdir);
+		if (!directory_exists(buf))
+			make_directory(buf);
+
+		/* initdb */
+		header(_("initializing database system"));
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+				 "\"%s%sinitdb\" -D \"%s/data\" --no-clean --no-sync%s%s > \"%s/log/initdb.log\" 2>&1",
+				 bindir ? bindir : "",
+				 bindir ? "/" : "",
+				 temp_instance,
+				 debug ? " --debug" : "",
+				 nolocale ? " --no-locale" : "",
+				 outputdir);
+		if (system(buf))
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("\n%s: initdb failed\nExamine %s/log/initdb.log for the reason.\nCommand was: %s\n"), progname, outputdir, buf);
+			exit(2);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Adjust the default postgresql.conf for regression testing. The user
+		 * can specify a file to be appended; in any case we expand logging
+		 * and set max_prepared_transactions to enable testing of prepared
+		 * xacts.  (Note: to reduce the probability of unexpected shmmax
+		 * failures, don't set max_prepared_transactions any higher than
+		 * actually needed by the prepared_xacts regression test.)
+		 */
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/data/postgresql.conf", temp_instance);
+		pg_conf = fopen(buf, "a");
+		if (pg_conf == NULL)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("\n%s: could not open \"%s\" for adding extra config: %s\n"), progname, buf, strerror(errno));
+			exit(2);
+		}
+		fputs("\n# Configuration added by pg_regress\n\n", pg_conf);
+		fputs("log_autovacuum_min_duration = 0\n", pg_conf);
+		fputs("log_checkpoints = on\n", pg_conf);
+		fputs("log_line_prefix = '%m %b[%p] %q%a '\n", pg_conf);
+		fputs("log_lock_waits = on\n", pg_conf);
+		fputs("log_temp_files = 128kB\n", pg_conf);
+		fputs("max_prepared_transactions = 2\n", pg_conf);
+
+		for (sl = temp_configs; sl != NULL; sl = sl->next)
+		{
+			char	   *temp_config = sl->str;
+			FILE	   *extra_conf;
+			char		line_buf[1024];
+
+			extra_conf = fopen(temp_config, "r");
+			if (extra_conf == NULL)
+			{
+				fprintf(stderr, _("\n%s: could not open \"%s\" to read extra config: %s\n"), progname, temp_config, strerror(errno));
+				exit(2);
+			}
+			while (fgets(line_buf, sizeof(line_buf), extra_conf) != NULL)
+				fputs(line_buf, pg_conf);
+			fclose(extra_conf);
+		}
+
+		fclose(pg_conf);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_SSPI
+		if (!use_unix_sockets)
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Since we successfully used the same buffer for the much-longer
+			 * "initdb" command, this can't truncate.
+			 */
+			snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/data", temp_instance);
+			config_sspi_auth(buf, NULL);
+		}
+#elif !defined(HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS)
+#error Platform has no means to secure the test installation.
+#endif
+
+		/*
+		 * Check if there is a postmaster running already.
+		 */
+		snprintf(buf2, sizeof(buf2),
+				 "\"%s%spsql\" -X postgres <%s 2>%s",
+				 bindir ? bindir : "",
+				 bindir ? "/" : "",
+				 DEVNULL, DEVNULL);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+		{
+			if (system(buf2) == 0)
+			{
+				char		s[16];
+
+				if (port_specified_by_user || i == 15)
+				{
+					fprintf(stderr, _("port %d apparently in use\n"), port);
+					if (!port_specified_by_user)
+						fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not determine an available port\n"), progname);
+					fprintf(stderr, _("Specify an unused port using the --port option or shut down any conflicting PostgreSQL servers.\n"));
+					exit(2);
+				}
+
+				fprintf(stderr, _("port %d apparently in use, trying %d\n"), port, port + 1);
+				port++;
+				sprintf(s, "%d", port);
+				setenv("PGPORT", s, 1);
+			}
+			else
+				break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Start the temp postmaster
+		 */
+		header(_("starting postmaster"));
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+				 "\"%s%spostgres\" -D \"%s/data\" -F%s "
+				 "-c \"listen_addresses=%s\" -k \"%s\" "
+				 "> \"%s/log/postmaster.log\" 2>&1",
+				 bindir ? bindir : "",
+				 bindir ? "/" : "",
+				 temp_instance, debug ? " -d 5" : "",
+				 hostname ? hostname : "", sockdir ? sockdir : "",
+				 outputdir);
+		postmaster_pid = spawn_process(buf);
+		if (postmaster_pid == INVALID_PID)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("\n%s: could not spawn postmaster: %s\n"),
+					progname, strerror(errno));
+			exit(2);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Wait till postmaster is able to accept connections; normally this
+		 * is only a second or so, but Cygwin is reportedly *much* slower, and
+		 * test builds using Valgrind or similar tools might be too.  Hence,
+		 * allow the default timeout of 60 seconds to be overridden from the
+		 * PGCTLTIMEOUT environment variable.
+		 */
+		env_wait = getenv("PGCTLTIMEOUT");
+		if (env_wait != NULL)
+		{
+			wait_seconds = atoi(env_wait);
+			if (wait_seconds <= 0)
+				wait_seconds = 60;
+		}
+		else
+			wait_seconds = 60;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < wait_seconds; i++)
+		{
+			/* Done if psql succeeds */
+			if (system(buf2) == 0)
+				break;
+
+			/*
+			 * Fail immediately if postmaster has exited
+			 */
+#ifndef WIN32
+			if (waitpid(postmaster_pid, NULL, WNOHANG) == postmaster_pid)
+#else
+			if (WaitForSingleObject(postmaster_pid, 0) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+#endif
+			{
+				fprintf(stderr, _("\n%s: postmaster failed\nExamine %s/log/postmaster.log for the reason\n"), progname, outputdir);
+				exit(2);
+			}
+
+			pg_usleep(1000000L);
+		}
+		if (i >= wait_seconds)
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("\n%s: postmaster did not respond within %d seconds\nExamine %s/log/postmaster.log for the reason\n"),
+					progname, wait_seconds, outputdir);
+
+			/*
+			 * If we get here, the postmaster is probably wedged somewhere in
+			 * startup.  Try to kill it ungracefully rather than leaving a
+			 * stuck postmaster that might interfere with subsequent test
+			 * attempts.
+			 */
+#ifndef WIN32
+			if (kill(postmaster_pid, SIGKILL) != 0 &&
+				errno != ESRCH)
+				fprintf(stderr, _("\n%s: could not kill failed postmaster: %s\n"),
+						progname, strerror(errno));
+#else
+			if (TerminateProcess(postmaster_pid, 255) == 0)
+				fprintf(stderr, _("\n%s: could not kill failed postmaster: error code %lu\n"),
+						progname, GetLastError());
+#endif
+
+			exit(2);
+		}
+
+		postmaster_running = true;
+
+#ifdef _WIN64
+/* need a series of two casts to convert HANDLE without compiler warning */
+#define ULONGPID(x) (unsigned long) (unsigned long long) (x)
+#else
+#define ULONGPID(x) (unsigned long) (x)
+#endif
+		printf(_("running on port %d with PID %lu\n"),
+			   port, ULONGPID(postmaster_pid));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Using an existing installation, so may need to get rid of
+		 * pre-existing database(s) and role(s)
+		 */
+		if (!use_existing)
+		{
+			for (sl = dblist; sl; sl = sl->next)
+				drop_database_if_exists(sl->str);
+			for (sl = extraroles; sl; sl = sl->next)
+				drop_role_if_exists(sl->str);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Create the test database(s) and role(s)
+	 */
+	if (!use_existing)
+	{
+		for (sl = dblist; sl; sl = sl->next)
+			create_database(sl->str);
+		for (sl = extraroles; sl; sl = sl->next)
+			create_role(sl->str, dblist);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Ready to run the tests
+	 */
+	header(_("running regression test queries"));
+
+	for (sl = schedulelist; sl != NULL; sl = sl->next)
+	{
+		run_schedule(sl->str, startfunc, postfunc);
+	}
+
+	for (sl = extra_tests; sl != NULL; sl = sl->next)
+	{
+		run_single_test(sl->str, startfunc, postfunc);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Shut down temp installation's postmaster
+	 */
+	if (temp_instance)
+	{
+		header(_("shutting down postmaster"));
+		stop_postmaster();
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If there were no errors, remove the temp instance immediately to
+	 * conserve disk space.  (If there were errors, we leave the instance in
+	 * place for possible manual investigation.)
+	 */
+	if (temp_instance && fail_count == 0 && fail_ignore_count == 0)
+	{
+		header(_("removing temporary instance"));
+		if (!rmtree(temp_instance, true))
+			fprintf(stderr, _("\n%s: could not remove temp instance \"%s\"\n"),
+					progname, temp_instance);
+	}
+
+	fclose(logfile);
+
+	/*
+	 * Emit nice-looking summary message
+	 */
+	if (fail_count == 0 && fail_ignore_count == 0)
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+				 _(" All %d tests passed. "),
+				 success_count);
+	else if (fail_count == 0)	/* fail_count=0, fail_ignore_count>0 */
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+				 _(" %d of %d tests passed, %d failed test(s) ignored. "),
+				 success_count,
+				 success_count + fail_ignore_count,
+				 fail_ignore_count);
+	else if (fail_ignore_count == 0)	/* fail_count>0 && fail_ignore_count=0 */
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+				 _(" %d of %d tests failed. "),
+				 fail_count,
+				 success_count + fail_count);
+	else
+		/* fail_count>0 && fail_ignore_count>0 */
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+				 _(" %d of %d tests failed, %d of these failures ignored. "),
+				 fail_count + fail_ignore_count,
+				 success_count + fail_count + fail_ignore_count,
+				 fail_ignore_count);
+
+	putchar('\n');
+	for (i = strlen(buf); i > 0; i--)
+		putchar('=');
+	printf("\n%s\n", buf);
+	for (i = strlen(buf); i > 0; i--)
+		putchar('=');
+	putchar('\n');
+	putchar('\n');
+
+	if (file_size(difffilename) > 0)
+	{
+		printf(_("The differences that caused some tests to fail can be viewed in the\n"
+				 "file \"%s\".  A copy of the test summary that you see\n"
+				 "above is saved in the file \"%s\".\n\n"),
+			   difffilename, logfilename);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		unlink(difffilename);
+		unlink(logfilename);
+	}
+
+	if (fail_count != 0)
+		exit(1);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/test/regress/pg_regress.h b/src/test/regress/pg_regress.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2143ee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/pg_regress.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * pg_regress.h --- regression test driver
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/test/regress/pg_regress.h
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+#define PID_TYPE pid_t
+#define INVALID_PID (-1)
+#else
+#define PID_TYPE HANDLE
+#define INVALID_PID INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
+#endif
+
+struct StringInfoData;			/* avoid including stringinfo.h here */
+
+/* simple list of strings */
+typedef struct _stringlist
+{
+	char	   *str;
+	struct _stringlist *next;
+} _stringlist;
+
+/*
+ * Callback function signatures for test programs that use regression_main()
+ */
+
+/* Initialize at program start */
+typedef void (*init_function) (int argc, char **argv);
+
+/* Launch one test case */
+typedef PID_TYPE(*test_start_function) (const char *testname,
+										_stringlist **resultfiles,
+										_stringlist **expectfiles,
+										_stringlist **tags);
+
+/* Postprocess one result file (optional) */
+typedef void (*postprocess_result_function) (const char *filename);
+
+
+extern char *bindir;
+extern char *libdir;
+extern char *datadir;
+extern char *host_platform;
+
+extern _stringlist *dblist;
+extern bool debug;
+extern char *inputdir;
+extern char *outputdir;
+extern char *launcher;
+
+extern const char *basic_diff_opts;
+extern const char *pretty_diff_opts;
+
+int			regression_main(int argc, char *argv[],
+							init_function ifunc,
+							test_start_function startfunc,
+							postprocess_result_function postfunc);
+
+void		add_stringlist_item(_stringlist **listhead, const char *str);
+PID_TYPE	spawn_process(const char *cmdline);
+bool		file_exists(const char *file);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/pg_regress_main.c b/src/test/regress/pg_regress_main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4b354c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/pg_regress_main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * pg_regress_main --- regression test for the main backend
+ *
+ * This is a C implementation of the previous shell script for running
+ * the regression tests, and should be mostly compatible with it.
+ * Initial author of C translation: Magnus Hagander
+ *
+ * This code is released under the terms of the PostgreSQL License.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/test/regress/pg_regress_main.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include "pg_regress.h"
+
+/*
+ * start a psql test process for specified file (including redirection),
+ * and return process ID
+ */
+static PID_TYPE
+psql_start_test(const char *testname,
+				_stringlist **resultfiles,
+				_stringlist **expectfiles,
+				_stringlist **tags)
+{
+	PID_TYPE	pid;
+	char		infile[MAXPGPATH];
+	char		outfile[MAXPGPATH];
+	char		expectfile[MAXPGPATH];
+	char		psql_cmd[MAXPGPATH * 3];
+	size_t		offset = 0;
+	char	   *appnameenv;
+
+	/*
+	 * Look for files in the output dir first, consistent with a vpath search.
+	 * This is mainly to create more reasonable error messages if the file is
+	 * not found.  It also allows local test overrides when running pg_regress
+	 * outside of the source tree.
+	 */
+	snprintf(infile, sizeof(infile), "%s/sql/%s.sql",
+			 outputdir, testname);
+	if (!file_exists(infile))
+		snprintf(infile, sizeof(infile), "%s/sql/%s.sql",
+				 inputdir, testname);
+
+	snprintf(outfile, sizeof(outfile), "%s/results/%s.out",
+			 outputdir, testname);
+
+	snprintf(expectfile, sizeof(expectfile), "%s/expected/%s.out",
+			 outputdir, testname);
+	if (!file_exists(expectfile))
+		snprintf(expectfile, sizeof(expectfile), "%s/expected/%s.out",
+				 inputdir, testname);
+
+	add_stringlist_item(resultfiles, outfile);
+	add_stringlist_item(expectfiles, expectfile);
+
+	if (launcher)
+	{
+		offset += snprintf(psql_cmd + offset, sizeof(psql_cmd) - offset,
+						   "%s ", launcher);
+		if (offset >= sizeof(psql_cmd))
+		{
+			fprintf(stderr, _("command too long\n"));
+			exit(2);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Use HIDE_TABLEAM to hide different AMs to allow to use regression tests
+	 * against different AMs without unnecessary differences.
+	 */
+	offset += snprintf(psql_cmd + offset, sizeof(psql_cmd) - offset,
+					   "\"%s%spsql\" -X -a -q -d \"%s\" %s < \"%s\" > \"%s\" 2>&1",
+					   bindir ? bindir : "",
+					   bindir ? "/" : "",
+					   dblist->str,
+					   "-v HIDE_TABLEAM=on -v HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION=on",
+					   infile,
+					   outfile);
+	if (offset >= sizeof(psql_cmd))
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("command too long\n"));
+		exit(2);
+	}
+
+	appnameenv = psprintf("pg_regress/%s", testname);
+	setenv("PGAPPNAME", appnameenv, 1);
+	free(appnameenv);
+
+	pid = spawn_process(psql_cmd);
+
+	if (pid == INVALID_PID)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, _("could not start process for test %s\n"),
+				testname);
+		exit(2);
+	}
+
+	unsetenv("PGAPPNAME");
+
+	return pid;
+}
+
+static void
+psql_init(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	/* set default regression database name */
+	add_stringlist_item(&dblist, "regression");
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	return regression_main(argc, argv,
+						   psql_init,
+						   psql_start_test,
+						   NULL /* no postfunc needed */ );
+}
diff --git a/src/test/regress/regress.c b/src/test/regress/regress.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba3532a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/regress.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1259 @@
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * regress.c
+ *	 Code for various C-language functions defined as part of the
+ *	 regression tests.
+ *
+ * This code is released under the terms of the PostgreSQL License.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/test/regress/regress.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include "access/detoast.h"
+#include "access/htup_details.h"
+#include "access/transam.h"
+#include "access/xact.h"
+#include "catalog/namespace.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "commands/sequence.h"
+#include "commands/trigger.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/spi.h"
+#include "funcapi.h"
+#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
+#include "miscadmin.h"
+#include "nodes/supportnodes.h"
+#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
+#include "optimizer/plancat.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "port/atomics.h"
+#include "storage/spin.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/geo_decls.h"
+#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
+#include "utils/memutils.h"
+#include "utils/rel.h"
+#include "utils/typcache.h"
+
+#define EXPECT_TRUE(expr)	\
+	do { \
+		if (!(expr)) \
+			elog(ERROR, \
+				 "%s was unexpectedly false in file \"%s\" line %u", \
+				 #expr, __FILE__, __LINE__); \
+	} while (0)
+
+#define EXPECT_EQ_U32(result_expr, expected_expr)	\
+	do { \
+		uint32		result = (result_expr); \
+		uint32		expected = (expected_expr); \
+		if (result != expected) \
+			elog(ERROR, \
+				 "%s yielded %u, expected %s in file \"%s\" line %u", \
+				 #result_expr, result, #expected_expr, __FILE__, __LINE__); \
+	} while (0)
+
+#define EXPECT_EQ_U64(result_expr, expected_expr)	\
+	do { \
+		uint64		result = (result_expr); \
+		uint64		expected = (expected_expr); \
+		if (result != expected) \
+			elog(ERROR, \
+				 "%s yielded " UINT64_FORMAT ", expected %s in file \"%s\" line %u", \
+				 #result_expr, result, #expected_expr, __FILE__, __LINE__); \
+	} while (0)
+
+#define LDELIM			'('
+#define RDELIM			')'
+#define DELIM			','
+
+static void regress_lseg_construct(LSEG *lseg, Point *pt1, Point *pt2);
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+
+/* return the point where two paths intersect, or NULL if no intersection. */
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(interpt_pp);
+
+Datum
+interpt_pp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	PATH	   *p1 = PG_GETARG_PATH_P(0);
+	PATH	   *p2 = PG_GETARG_PATH_P(1);
+	int			i,
+				j;
+	LSEG		seg1,
+				seg2;
+	bool		found;			/* We've found the intersection */
+
+	found = false;				/* Haven't found it yet */
+
+	for (i = 0; i < p1->npts - 1 && !found; i++)
+	{
+		regress_lseg_construct(&seg1, &p1->p[i], &p1->p[i + 1]);
+		for (j = 0; j < p2->npts - 1 && !found; j++)
+		{
+			regress_lseg_construct(&seg2, &p2->p[j], &p2->p[j + 1]);
+			if (DatumGetBool(DirectFunctionCall2(lseg_intersect,
+												 LsegPGetDatum(&seg1),
+												 LsegPGetDatum(&seg2))))
+				found = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!found)
+		PG_RETURN_NULL();
+
+	/*
+	 * Note: DirectFunctionCall2 will kick out an error if lseg_interpt()
+	 * returns NULL, but that should be impossible since we know the two
+	 * segments intersect.
+	 */
+	PG_RETURN_DATUM(DirectFunctionCall2(lseg_interpt,
+										LsegPGetDatum(&seg1),
+										LsegPGetDatum(&seg2)));
+}
+
+
+/* like lseg_construct, but assume space already allocated */
+static void
+regress_lseg_construct(LSEG *lseg, Point *pt1, Point *pt2)
+{
+	lseg->p[0].x = pt1->x;
+	lseg->p[0].y = pt1->y;
+	lseg->p[1].x = pt2->x;
+	lseg->p[1].y = pt2->y;
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(overpaid);
+
+Datum
+overpaid(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	HeapTupleHeader tuple = PG_GETARG_HEAPTUPLEHEADER(0);
+	bool		isnull;
+	int32		salary;
+
+	salary = DatumGetInt32(GetAttributeByName(tuple, "salary", &isnull));
+	if (isnull)
+		PG_RETURN_NULL();
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(salary > 699);
+}
+
+/* New type "widget"
+ * This used to be "circle", but I added circle to builtins,
+ *	so needed to make sure the names do not collide. - tgl 97/04/21
+ */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+	Point		center;
+	double		radius;
+} WIDGET;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(widget_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(widget_out);
+
+#define NARGS	3
+
+Datum
+widget_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	   *str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	char	   *p,
+			   *coord[NARGS];
+	int			i;
+	WIDGET	   *result;
+
+	for (i = 0, p = str; *p && i < NARGS && *p != RDELIM; p++)
+	{
+		if (*p == DELIM || (*p == LDELIM && i == 0))
+			coord[i++] = p + 1;
+	}
+
+	if (i < NARGS)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type %s: \"%s\"",
+						"widget", str)));
+
+	result = (WIDGET *) palloc(sizeof(WIDGET));
+	result->center.x = atof(coord[0]);
+	result->center.y = atof(coord[1]);
+	result->radius = atof(coord[2]);
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+widget_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	WIDGET	   *widget = (WIDGET *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	   *str = psprintf("(%g,%g,%g)",
+							   widget->center.x, widget->center.y, widget->radius);
+
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(pt_in_widget);
+
+Datum
+pt_in_widget(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Point	   *point = PG_GETARG_POINT_P(0);
+	WIDGET	   *widget = (WIDGET *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
+	float8		distance;
+
+	distance = DatumGetFloat8(DirectFunctionCall2(point_distance,
+												  PointPGetDatum(point),
+												  PointPGetDatum(&widget->center)));
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(distance < widget->radius);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(reverse_name);
+
+Datum
+reverse_name(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	   *string = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int			i;
+	int			len;
+	char	   *new_string;
+
+	new_string = palloc0(NAMEDATALEN);
+	for (i = 0; i < NAMEDATALEN && string[i]; ++i)
+		;
+	if (i == NAMEDATALEN || !string[i])
+		--i;
+	len = i;
+	for (; i >= 0; --i)
+		new_string[len - i] = string[i];
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(new_string);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(trigger_return_old);
+
+Datum
+trigger_return_old(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context;
+	HeapTuple	tuple;
+
+	if (!CALLED_AS_TRIGGER(fcinfo))
+		elog(ERROR, "trigger_return_old: not fired by trigger manager");
+
+	tuple = trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
+
+	return PointerGetDatum(tuple);
+}
+
+#define TTDUMMY_INFINITY	999999
+
+static SPIPlanPtr splan = NULL;
+static bool ttoff = false;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ttdummy);
+
+Datum
+ttdummy(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context;
+	Trigger    *trigger;		/* to get trigger name */
+	char	  **args;			/* arguments */
+	int			attnum[2];		/* fnumbers of start/stop columns */
+	Datum		oldon,
+				oldoff;
+	Datum		newon,
+				newoff;
+	Datum	   *cvals;			/* column values */
+	char	   *cnulls;			/* column nulls */
+	char	   *relname;		/* triggered relation name */
+	Relation	rel;			/* triggered relation */
+	HeapTuple	trigtuple;
+	HeapTuple	newtuple = NULL;
+	HeapTuple	rettuple;
+	TupleDesc	tupdesc;		/* tuple description */
+	int			natts;			/* # of attributes */
+	bool		isnull;			/* to know is some column NULL or not */
+	int			ret;
+	int			i;
+
+	if (!CALLED_AS_TRIGGER(fcinfo))
+		elog(ERROR, "ttdummy: not fired by trigger manager");
+	if (!TRIGGER_FIRED_FOR_ROW(trigdata->tg_event))
+		elog(ERROR, "ttdummy: must be fired for row");
+	if (!TRIGGER_FIRED_BEFORE(trigdata->tg_event))
+		elog(ERROR, "ttdummy: must be fired before event");
+	if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_INSERT(trigdata->tg_event))
+		elog(ERROR, "ttdummy: cannot process INSERT event");
+	if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_UPDATE(trigdata->tg_event))
+		newtuple = trigdata->tg_newtuple;
+
+	trigtuple = trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
+
+	rel = trigdata->tg_relation;
+	relname = SPI_getrelname(rel);
+
+	/* check if TT is OFF for this relation */
+	if (ttoff)					/* OFF - nothing to do */
+	{
+		pfree(relname);
+		return PointerGetDatum((newtuple != NULL) ? newtuple : trigtuple);
+	}
+
+	trigger = trigdata->tg_trigger;
+
+	if (trigger->tgnargs != 2)
+		elog(ERROR, "ttdummy (%s): invalid (!= 2) number of arguments %d",
+			 relname, trigger->tgnargs);
+
+	args = trigger->tgargs;
+	tupdesc = rel->rd_att;
+	natts = tupdesc->natts;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
+	{
+		attnum[i] = SPI_fnumber(tupdesc, args[i]);
+		if (attnum[i] <= 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "ttdummy (%s): there is no attribute %s",
+				 relname, args[i]);
+		if (SPI_gettypeid(tupdesc, attnum[i]) != INT4OID)
+			elog(ERROR, "ttdummy (%s): attribute %s must be of integer type",
+				 relname, args[i]);
+	}
+
+	oldon = SPI_getbinval(trigtuple, tupdesc, attnum[0], &isnull);
+	if (isnull)
+		elog(ERROR, "ttdummy (%s): %s must be NOT NULL", relname, args[0]);
+
+	oldoff = SPI_getbinval(trigtuple, tupdesc, attnum[1], &isnull);
+	if (isnull)
+		elog(ERROR, "ttdummy (%s): %s must be NOT NULL", relname, args[1]);
+
+	if (newtuple != NULL)		/* UPDATE */
+	{
+		newon = SPI_getbinval(newtuple, tupdesc, attnum[0], &isnull);
+		if (isnull)
+			elog(ERROR, "ttdummy (%s): %s must be NOT NULL", relname, args[0]);
+		newoff = SPI_getbinval(newtuple, tupdesc, attnum[1], &isnull);
+		if (isnull)
+			elog(ERROR, "ttdummy (%s): %s must be NOT NULL", relname, args[1]);
+
+		if (oldon != newon || oldoff != newoff)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+					 errmsg("ttdummy (%s): you cannot change %s and/or %s columns (use set_ttdummy)",
+							relname, args[0], args[1])));
+
+		if (newoff != TTDUMMY_INFINITY)
+		{
+			pfree(relname);		/* allocated in upper executor context */
+			return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
+		}
+	}
+	else if (oldoff != TTDUMMY_INFINITY)	/* DELETE */
+	{
+		pfree(relname);
+		return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
+	}
+
+	newoff = DirectFunctionCall1(nextval, CStringGetTextDatum("ttdummy_seq"));
+	/* nextval now returns int64; coerce down to int32 */
+	newoff = Int32GetDatum((int32) DatumGetInt64(newoff));
+
+	/* Connect to SPI manager */
+	if ((ret = SPI_connect()) < 0)
+		elog(ERROR, "ttdummy (%s): SPI_connect returned %d", relname, ret);
+
+	/* Fetch tuple values and nulls */
+	cvals = (Datum *) palloc(natts * sizeof(Datum));
+	cnulls = (char *) palloc(natts * sizeof(char));
+	for (i = 0; i < natts; i++)
+	{
+		cvals[i] = SPI_getbinval((newtuple != NULL) ? newtuple : trigtuple,
+								 tupdesc, i + 1, &isnull);
+		cnulls[i] = (isnull) ? 'n' : ' ';
+	}
+
+	/* change date column(s) */
+	if (newtuple)				/* UPDATE */
+	{
+		cvals[attnum[0] - 1] = newoff;	/* start_date eq current date */
+		cnulls[attnum[0] - 1] = ' ';
+		cvals[attnum[1] - 1] = TTDUMMY_INFINITY;	/* stop_date eq INFINITY */
+		cnulls[attnum[1] - 1] = ' ';
+	}
+	else
+		/* DELETE */
+	{
+		cvals[attnum[1] - 1] = newoff;	/* stop_date eq current date */
+		cnulls[attnum[1] - 1] = ' ';
+	}
+
+	/* if there is no plan ... */
+	if (splan == NULL)
+	{
+		SPIPlanPtr	pplan;
+		Oid		   *ctypes;
+		char	   *query;
+
+		/* allocate space in preparation */
+		ctypes = (Oid *) palloc(natts * sizeof(Oid));
+		query = (char *) palloc(100 + 16 * natts);
+
+		/*
+		 * Construct query: INSERT INTO _relation_ VALUES ($1, ...)
+		 */
+		sprintf(query, "INSERT INTO %s VALUES (", relname);
+		for (i = 1; i <= natts; i++)
+		{
+			sprintf(query + strlen(query), "$%d%s",
+					i, (i < natts) ? ", " : ")");
+			ctypes[i - 1] = SPI_gettypeid(tupdesc, i);
+		}
+
+		/* Prepare plan for query */
+		pplan = SPI_prepare(query, natts, ctypes);
+		if (pplan == NULL)
+			elog(ERROR, "ttdummy (%s): SPI_prepare returned %s", relname, SPI_result_code_string(SPI_result));
+
+		if (SPI_keepplan(pplan))
+			elog(ERROR, "ttdummy (%s): SPI_keepplan failed", relname);
+
+		splan = pplan;
+	}
+
+	ret = SPI_execp(splan, cvals, cnulls, 0);
+
+	if (ret < 0)
+		elog(ERROR, "ttdummy (%s): SPI_execp returned %d", relname, ret);
+
+	/* Tuple to return to upper Executor ... */
+	if (newtuple)				/* UPDATE */
+		rettuple = SPI_modifytuple(rel, trigtuple, 1, &(attnum[1]), &newoff, NULL);
+	else						/* DELETE */
+		rettuple = trigtuple;
+
+	SPI_finish();				/* don't forget say Bye to SPI mgr */
+
+	pfree(relname);
+
+	return PointerGetDatum(rettuple);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(set_ttdummy);
+
+Datum
+set_ttdummy(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	int32		on = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+
+	if (ttoff)					/* OFF currently */
+	{
+		if (on == 0)
+			PG_RETURN_INT32(0);
+
+		/* turn ON */
+		ttoff = false;
+		PG_RETURN_INT32(0);
+	}
+
+	/* ON currently */
+	if (on != 0)
+		PG_RETURN_INT32(1);
+
+	/* turn OFF */
+	ttoff = true;
+
+	PG_RETURN_INT32(1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Type int44 has no real-world use, but the regression tests use it
+ * (under the alias "city_budget").  It's a four-element vector of int4's.
+ */
+
+/*
+ *		int44in			- converts "num, num, ..." to internal form
+ *
+ *		Note: Fills any missing positions with zeroes.
+ */
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(int44in);
+
+Datum
+int44in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	   *input_string = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int32	   *result = (int32 *) palloc(4 * sizeof(int32));
+	int			i;
+
+	i = sscanf(input_string,
+			   "%d, %d, %d, %d",
+			   &result[0],
+			   &result[1],
+			   &result[2],
+			   &result[3]);
+	while (i < 4)
+		result[i++] = 0;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		int44out		- converts internal form to "num, num, ..."
+ */
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(int44out);
+
+Datum
+int44out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	int32	   *an_array = (int32 *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(16 * 4);
+
+	snprintf(result, 16 * 4, "%d,%d,%d,%d",
+			 an_array[0],
+			 an_array[1],
+			 an_array[2],
+			 an_array[3]);
+
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(test_canonicalize_path);
+Datum
+test_canonicalize_path(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	   *path = text_to_cstring(PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0));
+
+	canonicalize_path(path);
+	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(path));
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(make_tuple_indirect);
+Datum
+make_tuple_indirect(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	HeapTupleHeader rec = PG_GETARG_HEAPTUPLEHEADER(0);
+	HeapTupleData tuple;
+	int			ncolumns;
+	Datum	   *values;
+	bool	   *nulls;
+
+	Oid			tupType;
+	int32		tupTypmod;
+	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
+
+	HeapTuple	newtup;
+
+	int			i;
+
+	MemoryContext old_context;
+
+	/* Extract type info from the tuple itself */
+	tupType = HeapTupleHeaderGetTypeId(rec);
+	tupTypmod = HeapTupleHeaderGetTypMod(rec);
+	tupdesc = lookup_rowtype_tupdesc(tupType, tupTypmod);
+	ncolumns = tupdesc->natts;
+
+	/* Build a temporary HeapTuple control structure */
+	tuple.t_len = HeapTupleHeaderGetDatumLength(rec);
+	ItemPointerSetInvalid(&(tuple.t_self));
+	tuple.t_tableOid = InvalidOid;
+	tuple.t_data = rec;
+
+	values = (Datum *) palloc(ncolumns * sizeof(Datum));
+	nulls = (bool *) palloc(ncolumns * sizeof(bool));
+
+	heap_deform_tuple(&tuple, tupdesc, values, nulls);
+
+	old_context = MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopTransactionContext);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ncolumns; i++)
+	{
+		struct varlena *attr;
+		struct varlena *new_attr;
+		struct varatt_indirect redirect_pointer;
+
+		/* only work on existing, not-null varlenas */
+		if (TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, i)->attisdropped ||
+			nulls[i] ||
+			TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, i)->attlen != -1)
+			continue;
+
+		attr = (struct varlena *) DatumGetPointer(values[i]);
+
+		/* don't recursively indirect */
+		if (VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL_INDIRECT(attr))
+			continue;
+
+		/* copy datum, so it still lives later */
+		if (VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL_ONDISK(attr))
+			attr = detoast_external_attr(attr);
+		else
+		{
+			struct varlena *oldattr = attr;
+
+			attr = palloc0(VARSIZE_ANY(oldattr));
+			memcpy(attr, oldattr, VARSIZE_ANY(oldattr));
+		}
+
+		/* build indirection Datum */
+		new_attr = (struct varlena *) palloc0(INDIRECT_POINTER_SIZE);
+		redirect_pointer.pointer = attr;
+		SET_VARTAG_EXTERNAL(new_attr, VARTAG_INDIRECT);
+		memcpy(VARDATA_EXTERNAL(new_attr), &redirect_pointer,
+			   sizeof(redirect_pointer));
+
+		values[i] = PointerGetDatum(new_attr);
+	}
+
+	newtup = heap_form_tuple(tupdesc, values, nulls);
+	pfree(values);
+	pfree(nulls);
+	ReleaseTupleDesc(tupdesc);
+
+	MemoryContextSwitchTo(old_context);
+
+	/*
+	 * We intentionally don't use PG_RETURN_HEAPTUPLEHEADER here, because that
+	 * would cause the indirect toast pointers to be flattened out of the
+	 * tuple immediately, rendering subsequent testing irrelevant.  So just
+	 * return the HeapTupleHeader pointer as-is.  This violates the general
+	 * rule that composite Datums shouldn't contain toast pointers, but so
+	 * long as the regression test scripts don't insert the result of this
+	 * function into a container type (record, array, etc) it should be OK.
+	 */
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(newtup->t_data);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(regress_setenv);
+
+Datum
+regress_setenv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	   *envvar = text_to_cstring(PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0));
+	char	   *envval = text_to_cstring(PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1));
+
+	if (!superuser())
+		elog(ERROR, "must be superuser to change environment variables");
+
+	if (setenv(envvar, envval, 1) != 0)
+		elog(ERROR, "could not set environment variable: %m");
+
+	PG_RETURN_VOID();
+}
+
+/* Sleep until no process has a given PID. */
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(wait_pid);
+
+Datum
+wait_pid(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	int			pid = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+
+	if (!superuser())
+		elog(ERROR, "must be superuser to check PID liveness");
+
+	while (kill(pid, 0) == 0)
+	{
+		CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
+		pg_usleep(50000);
+	}
+
+	if (errno != ESRCH)
+		elog(ERROR, "could not check PID %d liveness: %m", pid);
+
+	PG_RETURN_VOID();
+}
+
+static void
+test_atomic_flag(void)
+{
+	pg_atomic_flag flag;
+
+	pg_atomic_init_flag(&flag);
+	EXPECT_TRUE(pg_atomic_unlocked_test_flag(&flag));
+	EXPECT_TRUE(pg_atomic_test_set_flag(&flag));
+	EXPECT_TRUE(!pg_atomic_unlocked_test_flag(&flag));
+	EXPECT_TRUE(!pg_atomic_test_set_flag(&flag));
+	pg_atomic_clear_flag(&flag);
+	EXPECT_TRUE(pg_atomic_unlocked_test_flag(&flag));
+	EXPECT_TRUE(pg_atomic_test_set_flag(&flag));
+	pg_atomic_clear_flag(&flag);
+}
+
+static void
+test_atomic_uint32(void)
+{
+	pg_atomic_uint32 var;
+	uint32		expected;
+	int			i;
+
+	pg_atomic_init_u32(&var, 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_read_u32(&var), 0);
+	pg_atomic_write_u32(&var, 3);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_read_u32(&var), 3);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_add_u32(&var, pg_atomic_read_u32(&var) - 2),
+				  3);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_sub_u32(&var, 1), 4);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_sub_fetch_u32(&var, 3), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_add_fetch_u32(&var, 10), 10);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&var, 5), 10);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_exchange_u32(&var, 0), 5);
+
+	/* test around numerical limits */
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_add_u32(&var, INT_MAX), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_add_u32(&var, INT_MAX), INT_MAX);
+	pg_atomic_fetch_add_u32(&var, 2);	/* wrap to 0 */
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_add_u32(&var, PG_INT16_MAX), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_add_u32(&var, PG_INT16_MAX + 1),
+				  PG_INT16_MAX);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_add_u32(&var, PG_INT16_MIN),
+				  2 * PG_INT16_MAX + 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_add_u32(&var, PG_INT16_MIN - 1),
+				  PG_INT16_MAX);
+	pg_atomic_fetch_add_u32(&var, 1);	/* top up to UINT_MAX */
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_read_u32(&var), UINT_MAX);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_sub_u32(&var, INT_MAX), UINT_MAX);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_read_u32(&var), (uint32) INT_MAX + 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_sub_fetch_u32(&var, INT_MAX), 1);
+	pg_atomic_sub_fetch_u32(&var, 1);
+	expected = PG_INT16_MAX;
+	EXPECT_TRUE(!pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&var, &expected, 1));
+	expected = PG_INT16_MAX + 1;
+	EXPECT_TRUE(!pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&var, &expected, 1));
+	expected = PG_INT16_MIN;
+	EXPECT_TRUE(!pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&var, &expected, 1));
+	expected = PG_INT16_MIN - 1;
+	EXPECT_TRUE(!pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&var, &expected, 1));
+
+	/* fail exchange because of old expected */
+	expected = 10;
+	EXPECT_TRUE(!pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&var, &expected, 1));
+
+	/* CAS is allowed to fail due to interrupts, try a couple of times */
+	for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
+	{
+		expected = 0;
+		if (!pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u32(&var, &expected, 1))
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == 1000)
+		elog(ERROR, "atomic_compare_exchange_u32() never succeeded");
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_read_u32(&var), 1);
+	pg_atomic_write_u32(&var, 0);
+
+	/* try setting flagbits */
+	EXPECT_TRUE(!(pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&var, 1) & 1));
+	EXPECT_TRUE(pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&var, 2) & 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_read_u32(&var), 3);
+	/* try clearing flagbits */
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_and_u32(&var, ~2) & 3, 3);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_and_u32(&var, ~1), 1);
+	/* no bits set anymore */
+	EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_and_u32(&var, ~0), 0);
+}
+
+static void
+test_atomic_uint64(void)
+{
+	pg_atomic_uint64 var;
+	uint64		expected;
+	int			i;
+
+	pg_atomic_init_u64(&var, 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_read_u64(&var), 0);
+	pg_atomic_write_u64(&var, 3);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_read_u64(&var), 3);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_fetch_add_u64(&var, pg_atomic_read_u64(&var) - 2),
+				  3);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_fetch_sub_u64(&var, 1), 4);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_sub_fetch_u64(&var, 3), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_add_fetch_u64(&var, 10), 10);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_exchange_u64(&var, 5), 10);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_exchange_u64(&var, 0), 5);
+
+	/* fail exchange because of old expected */
+	expected = 10;
+	EXPECT_TRUE(!pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u64(&var, &expected, 1));
+
+	/* CAS is allowed to fail due to interrupts, try a couple of times */
+	for (i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+	{
+		expected = 0;
+		if (!pg_atomic_compare_exchange_u64(&var, &expected, 1))
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == 100)
+		elog(ERROR, "atomic_compare_exchange_u64() never succeeded");
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_read_u64(&var), 1);
+
+	pg_atomic_write_u64(&var, 0);
+
+	/* try setting flagbits */
+	EXPECT_TRUE(!(pg_atomic_fetch_or_u64(&var, 1) & 1));
+	EXPECT_TRUE(pg_atomic_fetch_or_u64(&var, 2) & 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_read_u64(&var), 3);
+	/* try clearing flagbits */
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64((pg_atomic_fetch_and_u64(&var, ~2) & 3), 3);
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_fetch_and_u64(&var, ~1), 1);
+	/* no bits set anymore */
+	EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_fetch_and_u64(&var, ~0), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform, fairly minimal, testing of the spinlock implementation.
+ *
+ * It's likely worth expanding these to actually test concurrency etc, but
+ * having some regularly run tests is better than none.
+ */
+static void
+test_spinlock(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Basic tests for spinlocks, as well as the underlying operations.
+	 *
+	 * We embed the spinlock in a struct with other members to test that the
+	 * spinlock operations don't perform too wide writes.
+	 */
+	{
+		struct test_lock_struct
+		{
+			char		data_before[4];
+			slock_t		lock;
+			char		data_after[4];
+		}			struct_w_lock;
+
+		memcpy(struct_w_lock.data_before, "abcd", 4);
+		memcpy(struct_w_lock.data_after, "ef12", 4);
+
+		/* test basic operations via the SpinLock* API */
+		SpinLockInit(&struct_w_lock.lock);
+		SpinLockAcquire(&struct_w_lock.lock);
+		SpinLockRelease(&struct_w_lock.lock);
+
+		/* test basic operations via underlying S_* API */
+		S_INIT_LOCK(&struct_w_lock.lock);
+		S_LOCK(&struct_w_lock.lock);
+		S_UNLOCK(&struct_w_lock.lock);
+
+		/* and that "contended" acquisition works */
+		s_lock(&struct_w_lock.lock, "testfile", 17, "testfunc");
+		S_UNLOCK(&struct_w_lock.lock);
+
+		/*
+		 * Check, using TAS directly, that a single spin cycle doesn't block
+		 * when acquiring an already acquired lock.
+		 */
+#ifdef TAS
+		S_LOCK(&struct_w_lock.lock);
+
+		if (!TAS(&struct_w_lock.lock))
+			elog(ERROR, "acquired already held spinlock");
+
+#ifdef TAS_SPIN
+		if (!TAS_SPIN(&struct_w_lock.lock))
+			elog(ERROR, "acquired already held spinlock");
+#endif							/* defined(TAS_SPIN) */
+
+		S_UNLOCK(&struct_w_lock.lock);
+#endif							/* defined(TAS) */
+
+		/*
+		 * Verify that after all of this the non-lock contents are still
+		 * correct.
+		 */
+		if (memcmp(struct_w_lock.data_before, "abcd", 4) != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "padding before spinlock modified");
+		if (memcmp(struct_w_lock.data_after, "ef12", 4) != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "padding after spinlock modified");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Ensure that allocating more than INT32_MAX emulated spinlocks works.
+	 * That's interesting because the spinlock emulation uses a 32bit integer
+	 * to map spinlocks onto semaphores. There've been bugs...
+	 */
+#ifndef HAVE_SPINLOCKS
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Initialize enough spinlocks to advance counter close to wraparound.
+		 * It's too expensive to perform acquire/release for each, as those
+		 * may be syscalls when the spinlock emulation is used (and even just
+		 * atomic TAS would be expensive).
+		 */
+		for (uint32 i = 0; i < INT32_MAX - 100000; i++)
+		{
+			slock_t		lock;
+
+			SpinLockInit(&lock);
+		}
+
+		for (uint32 i = 0; i < 200000; i++)
+		{
+			slock_t		lock;
+
+			SpinLockInit(&lock);
+
+			SpinLockAcquire(&lock);
+			SpinLockRelease(&lock);
+			SpinLockAcquire(&lock);
+			SpinLockRelease(&lock);
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify that performing atomic ops inside a spinlock isn't a
+ * problem. Realistically that's only going to be a problem when both
+ * --disable-spinlocks and --disable-atomics are used, but it's cheap enough
+ * to just always test.
+ *
+ * The test works by initializing enough atomics that we'd conflict if there
+ * were an overlap between a spinlock and an atomic by holding a spinlock
+ * while manipulating more than NUM_SPINLOCK_SEMAPHORES atomics.
+ *
+ * NUM_TEST_ATOMICS doesn't really need to be more than
+ * NUM_SPINLOCK_SEMAPHORES, but it seems better to test a bit more
+ * extensively.
+ */
+static void
+test_atomic_spin_nest(void)
+{
+	slock_t		lock;
+#define NUM_TEST_ATOMICS (NUM_SPINLOCK_SEMAPHORES + NUM_ATOMICS_SEMAPHORES + 27)
+	pg_atomic_uint32 atomics32[NUM_TEST_ATOMICS];
+	pg_atomic_uint64 atomics64[NUM_TEST_ATOMICS];
+
+	SpinLockInit(&lock);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < NUM_TEST_ATOMICS; i++)
+	{
+		pg_atomic_init_u32(&atomics32[i], 0);
+		pg_atomic_init_u64(&atomics64[i], 0);
+	}
+
+	/* just so it's not all zeroes */
+	for (int i = 0; i < NUM_TEST_ATOMICS; i++)
+	{
+		EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_add_u32(&atomics32[i], i), 0);
+		EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_fetch_add_u64(&atomics64[i], i), 0);
+	}
+
+	/* test whether we can do atomic op with lock held */
+	SpinLockAcquire(&lock);
+	for (int i = 0; i < NUM_TEST_ATOMICS; i++)
+	{
+		EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_fetch_sub_u32(&atomics32[i], i), i);
+		EXPECT_EQ_U32(pg_atomic_read_u32(&atomics32[i]), 0);
+		EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_fetch_sub_u64(&atomics64[i], i), i);
+		EXPECT_EQ_U64(pg_atomic_read_u64(&atomics64[i]), 0);
+	}
+	SpinLockRelease(&lock);
+}
+#undef NUM_TEST_ATOMICS
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(test_atomic_ops);
+Datum
+test_atomic_ops(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	test_atomic_flag();
+
+	test_atomic_uint32();
+
+	test_atomic_uint64();
+
+	/*
+	 * Arguably this shouldn't be tested as part of this function, but it's
+	 * closely enough related that that seems ok for now.
+	 */
+	test_spinlock();
+
+	test_atomic_spin_nest();
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(test_fdw_handler);
+Datum
+test_fdw_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	elog(ERROR, "test_fdw_handler is not implemented");
+	PG_RETURN_NULL();
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(test_support_func);
+Datum
+test_support_func(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Node	   *rawreq = (Node *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	Node	   *ret = NULL;
+
+	if (IsA(rawreq, SupportRequestSelectivity))
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Assume that the target is int4eq; that's safe as long as we don't
+		 * attach this to any other boolean-returning function.
+		 */
+		SupportRequestSelectivity *req = (SupportRequestSelectivity *) rawreq;
+		Selectivity s1;
+
+		if (req->is_join)
+			s1 = join_selectivity(req->root, Int4EqualOperator,
+								  req->args,
+								  req->inputcollid,
+								  req->jointype,
+								  req->sjinfo);
+		else
+			s1 = restriction_selectivity(req->root, Int4EqualOperator,
+										 req->args,
+										 req->inputcollid,
+										 req->varRelid);
+
+		req->selectivity = s1;
+		ret = (Node *) req;
+	}
+
+	if (IsA(rawreq, SupportRequestCost))
+	{
+		/* Provide some generic estimate */
+		SupportRequestCost *req = (SupportRequestCost *) rawreq;
+
+		req->startup = 0;
+		req->per_tuple = 2 * cpu_operator_cost;
+		ret = (Node *) req;
+	}
+
+	if (IsA(rawreq, SupportRequestRows))
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Assume that the target is generate_series_int4; that's safe as long
+		 * as we don't attach this to any other set-returning function.
+		 */
+		SupportRequestRows *req = (SupportRequestRows *) rawreq;
+
+		if (req->node && IsA(req->node, FuncExpr))	/* be paranoid */
+		{
+			List	   *args = ((FuncExpr *) req->node)->args;
+			Node	   *arg1 = linitial(args);
+			Node	   *arg2 = lsecond(args);
+
+			if (IsA(arg1, Const) &&
+				!((Const *) arg1)->constisnull &&
+				IsA(arg2, Const) &&
+				!((Const *) arg2)->constisnull)
+			{
+				int32		val1 = DatumGetInt32(((Const *) arg1)->constvalue);
+				int32		val2 = DatumGetInt32(((Const *) arg2)->constvalue);
+
+				req->rows = val2 - val1 + 1;
+				ret = (Node *) req;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(ret);
+}
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(test_opclass_options_func);
+Datum
+test_opclass_options_func(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	PG_RETURN_NULL();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Call an encoding conversion or verification function.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *	string	  bytea -- string to convert
+ *	src_enc	  name  -- source encoding
+ *	dest_enc  name  -- destination encoding
+ *	noError	  bool  -- if set, don't ereport() on invalid or untranslatable
+ *					   input
+ *
+ * Result is a tuple with two attributes:
+ *  int4	-- number of input bytes successfully converted
+ *  bytea	-- converted string
+ */
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(test_enc_conversion);
+Datum
+test_enc_conversion(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	bytea	   *string = PG_GETARG_BYTEA_PP(0);
+	char	   *src_encoding_name = NameStr(*PG_GETARG_NAME(1));
+	int			src_encoding = pg_char_to_encoding(src_encoding_name);
+	char	   *dest_encoding_name = NameStr(*PG_GETARG_NAME(2));
+	int			dest_encoding = pg_char_to_encoding(dest_encoding_name);
+	bool		noError = PG_GETARG_BOOL(3);
+	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
+	char	   *src;
+	char	   *dst;
+	bytea	   *retval;
+	Size		srclen;
+	Size		dstsize;
+	Oid			proc;
+	int			convertedbytes;
+	int			dstlen;
+	Datum		values[2];
+	bool		nulls[2];
+	HeapTuple	tuple;
+
+	if (src_encoding < 0)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+				 errmsg("invalid source encoding name \"%s\"",
+						src_encoding_name)));
+	if (dest_encoding < 0)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+				 errmsg("invalid destination encoding name \"%s\"",
+						dest_encoding_name)));
+
+	/* Build a tuple descriptor for our result type */
+	if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
+		elog(ERROR, "return type must be a row type");
+	tupdesc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
+
+	srclen = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(string);
+	src = VARDATA_ANY(string);
+
+	if (src_encoding == dest_encoding)
+	{
+		/* just check that the source string is valid */
+		int			oklen;
+
+		oklen = pg_encoding_verifymbstr(src_encoding, src, srclen);
+
+		if (oklen == srclen)
+		{
+			convertedbytes = oklen;
+			retval = string;
+		}
+		else if (!noError)
+		{
+			report_invalid_encoding(src_encoding, src + oklen, srclen - oklen);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			/*
+			 * build bytea data type structure.
+			 */
+			Assert(oklen < srclen);
+			convertedbytes = oklen;
+			retval = (bytea *) palloc(oklen + VARHDRSZ);
+			SET_VARSIZE(retval, oklen + VARHDRSZ);
+			memcpy(VARDATA(retval), src, oklen);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		proc = FindDefaultConversionProc(src_encoding, dest_encoding);
+		if (!OidIsValid(proc))
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
+					 errmsg("default conversion function for encoding \"%s\" to \"%s\" does not exist",
+							pg_encoding_to_char(src_encoding),
+							pg_encoding_to_char(dest_encoding))));
+
+		if (srclen >= (MaxAllocSize / (Size) MAX_CONVERSION_GROWTH))
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
+					 errmsg("out of memory"),
+					 errdetail("String of %d bytes is too long for encoding conversion.",
+							   (int) srclen)));
+
+		dstsize = (Size) srclen * MAX_CONVERSION_GROWTH + 1;
+		dst = MemoryContextAlloc(CurrentMemoryContext, dstsize);
+
+		/* perform conversion */
+		convertedbytes = pg_do_encoding_conversion_buf(proc,
+													   src_encoding,
+													   dest_encoding,
+													   (unsigned char *) src, srclen,
+													   (unsigned char *) dst, dstsize,
+													   noError);
+		dstlen = strlen(dst);
+
+		/*
+		 * build bytea data type structure.
+		 */
+		retval = (bytea *) palloc(dstlen + VARHDRSZ);
+		SET_VARSIZE(retval, dstlen + VARHDRSZ);
+		memcpy(VARDATA(retval), dst, dstlen);
+
+		pfree(dst);
+	}
+
+	MemSet(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls));
+	values[0] = Int32GetDatum(convertedbytes);
+	values[1] = PointerGetDatum(retval);
+	tuple = heap_form_tuple(tupdesc, values, nulls);
+
+	PG_RETURN_DATUM(HeapTupleGetDatum(tuple));
+}
+
+/* Provide SQL access to IsBinaryCoercible() */
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(binary_coercible);
+Datum
+binary_coercible(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Oid			srctype = PG_GETARG_OID(0);
+	Oid			targettype = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(IsBinaryCoercible(srctype, targettype));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the length of the portion of a tuple consisting of the given array
+ * of data types.  The input data types must be fixed-length data types.
+ */
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(get_columns_length);
+Datum
+get_columns_length(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	ArrayType  *ta = PG_GETARG_ARRAYTYPE_P(0);
+	Oid		   *type_oids;
+	int			ntypes;
+	int			column_offset = 0;
+
+	if (ARR_HASNULL(ta) && array_contains_nulls(ta))
+		elog(ERROR, "argument must not contain nulls");
+
+	if (ARR_NDIM(ta) > 1)
+		elog(ERROR, "argument must be empty or one-dimensional array");
+
+	type_oids = (Oid *) ARR_DATA_PTR(ta);
+	ntypes = ArrayGetNItems(ARR_NDIM(ta), ARR_DIMS(ta));
+	for (int i = 0; i < ntypes; i++)
+	{
+		Oid			typeoid = type_oids[i];
+		int16		typlen;
+		bool		typbyval;
+		char		typalign;
+
+		get_typlenbyvalalign(typeoid, &typlen, &typbyval, &typalign);
+
+		/* the data type must be fixed-length */
+		if (typlen < 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "type %u is not fixed-length data type", typeoid);
+
+		column_offset = att_align_nominal(column_offset + typlen, typalign);
+	}
+
+	PG_RETURN_INT32(column_offset);
+}
diff --git a/src/test/regress/regressplans.sh b/src/test/regress/regressplans.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..31e7876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/regressplans.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+
+# This script runs the Postgres regression tests with all useful combinations
+# of the backend options that disable various query plan types.  If the
+# results are not all the same, it may indicate a bug in a particular
+# plan type, or perhaps just a regression test whose results aren't fully
+# determinate (eg, due to lack of an ORDER BY keyword).
+#
+# Run this in the src/test/regress directory, after doing the usual setup
+# for a regular regression test, ie, "make clean all" (you should be ready
+# to do "make runtest").
+#
+# The backend option switches that we use here are:
+#	-fs	disable sequential scans
+#	-fi	disable index scans
+#	-fn	disable nestloop joins
+#	-fm	disable merge joins
+#	-fh	disable hash joins
+# Only mergejoin and hashjoin are really guaranteed to turn off; the others
+# just bias the optimizer's cost calculations heavily against that choice.
+# There's no point in trying to turn off both scan types or all three join
+# types simultaneously; ergo, we have 3*7 = 21 interesting combinations.
+#
+# Note that this will take *more than* 21 times longer than a regular
+# regression test, since we are preventing the system from using the most
+# efficient available query plans!  Have patience.
+
+
+# Select make to use --- default 'make', can be overridden by env var
+MAKE="${MAKE:-make}"
+
+# If PGOPTIONS is already defined, we'll add the -f switches to it.
+PGOPTIONS="${PGOPTIONS:-}"
+
+mkdir planregress
+
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS                     " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.normal
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.normal
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS                  -fh" $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.h
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.h
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS              -fm    " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.m
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.m
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS              -fm -fh" $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.mh
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.mh
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS          -fn        " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.n
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.n
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS          -fn     -fh" $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.nh
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.nh
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS          -fn -fm    " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.nm
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.nm
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS      -fi            " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.i
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.i
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS      -fi         -fh" $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.ih
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.ih
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS      -fi     -fm    " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.im
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.im
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS      -fi     -fm -fh" $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.imh
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.imh
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS      -fi -fn        " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.in
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.in
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS      -fi -fn     -fh" $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.inh
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.inh
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS      -fi -fn -fm    " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.inm
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.inm
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS  -fs                " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.s
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.s
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS  -fs             -fh" $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.sh
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.sh
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS  -fs         -fm    " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.sm
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.sm
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS  -fs         -fm -fh" $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.smh
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.smh
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS  -fs     -fn        " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.sn
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.sn
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS  -fs     -fn     -fh" $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.snh
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.snh
+PGOPTIONS="$PGOPTIONS  -fs     -fn -fm    " $MAKE runtest
+mv -f regression.out planregress/out.snm
+mv -f regression.diffs planregress/diffs.snm
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/src/test/regress/resultmap b/src/test/regress/resultmap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c766d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/resultmap
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+float4:out:.*-.*-cygwin.*=float4-misrounded-input.out
+float4:out:.*-.*-mingw.*=float4-misrounded-input.out
+float4:out:hppa.*-hp-hpux10.*=float4-misrounded-input.out
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/advisory_lock.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/advisory_lock.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57c47c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/advisory_lock.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+--
+-- ADVISORY LOCKS
+--
+
+BEGIN;
+
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2, 2);
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+
+
+-- pg_advisory_unlock_all() shouldn't release xact locks
+SELECT pg_advisory_unlock_all();
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+
+
+-- can't unlock xact locks
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1, 1), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2, 2);
+
+
+-- automatically release xact locks at commit
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- holding both session and xact locks on the same objects, xact first
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2, 2);
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_lock(1), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2);
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+
+
+-- unlocking session locks
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1), pg_advisory_unlock(1),
+	pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1, 1), pg_advisory_unlock(1, 1),
+	pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2, 2), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2, 2);
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- holding both session and xact locks on the same objects, session first
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_lock(1), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2);
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2, 2);
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+
+
+-- releasing all session locks
+SELECT pg_advisory_unlock_all();
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- grabbing txn locks multiple times
+
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1), pg_advisory_xact_lock(1),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_xact_lock(1, 1),
+	pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2, 2), pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(2, 2);
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+
+-- grabbing session locks multiple times
+
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_lock(1), pg_advisory_lock(1),
+	pg_advisory_lock_shared(2), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_lock(1, 1),
+	pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2);
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1), pg_advisory_unlock(1),
+	pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_unlock(1, 1), pg_advisory_unlock(1, 1),
+	pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2, 2), pg_advisory_unlock_shared(2, 2);
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
+
+-- .. and releasing them all at once
+
+SELECT
+	pg_advisory_lock(1), pg_advisory_lock(1),
+	pg_advisory_lock_shared(2), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2),
+	pg_advisory_lock(1, 1), pg_advisory_lock(1, 1),
+	pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2), pg_advisory_lock_shared(2, 2);
+
+SELECT locktype, classid, objid, objsubid, mode, granted
+	FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory'
+	ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+
+SELECT pg_advisory_unlock_all();
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory';
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/aggregates.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/aggregates.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48bea8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/aggregates.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1265 @@
+--
+-- AGGREGATES
+--
+
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+
+-- avoid bit-exact output here because operations may not be bit-exact.
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+
+-- prepare some test data
+CREATE TABLE aggtest (
+	a 			int2,
+	b			float4
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/agg.data'
+COPY aggtest FROM :'filename';
+
+ANALYZE aggtest;
+
+
+SELECT avg(four) AS avg_1 FROM onek;
+
+SELECT avg(a) AS avg_32 FROM aggtest WHERE a < 100;
+
+-- In 7.1, avg(float4) is computed using float8 arithmetic.
+-- Round the result to 3 digits to avoid platform-specific results.
+
+SELECT avg(b)::numeric(10,3) AS avg_107_943 FROM aggtest;
+
+SELECT avg(gpa) AS avg_3_4 FROM ONLY student;
+
+
+SELECT sum(four) AS sum_1500 FROM onek;
+SELECT sum(a) AS sum_198 FROM aggtest;
+SELECT sum(b) AS avg_431_773 FROM aggtest;
+SELECT sum(gpa) AS avg_6_8 FROM ONLY student;
+
+SELECT max(four) AS max_3 FROM onek;
+SELECT max(a) AS max_100 FROM aggtest;
+SELECT max(aggtest.b) AS max_324_78 FROM aggtest;
+SELECT max(student.gpa) AS max_3_7 FROM student;
+
+SELECT stddev_pop(b) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT stddev_samp(b) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT var_pop(b) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT var_samp(b) FROM aggtest;
+
+SELECT stddev_pop(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT stddev_samp(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT var_pop(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT var_samp(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
+
+-- population variance is defined for a single tuple, sample variance
+-- is not
+SELECT var_pop(1.0::float8), var_samp(2.0::float8);
+SELECT stddev_pop(3.0::float8), stddev_samp(4.0::float8);
+SELECT var_pop('inf'::float8), var_samp('inf'::float8);
+SELECT stddev_pop('inf'::float8), stddev_samp('inf'::float8);
+SELECT var_pop('nan'::float8), var_samp('nan'::float8);
+SELECT stddev_pop('nan'::float8), stddev_samp('nan'::float8);
+SELECT var_pop(1.0::float4), var_samp(2.0::float4);
+SELECT stddev_pop(3.0::float4), stddev_samp(4.0::float4);
+SELECT var_pop('inf'::float4), var_samp('inf'::float4);
+SELECT stddev_pop('inf'::float4), stddev_samp('inf'::float4);
+SELECT var_pop('nan'::float4), var_samp('nan'::float4);
+SELECT stddev_pop('nan'::float4), stddev_samp('nan'::float4);
+SELECT var_pop(1.0::numeric), var_samp(2.0::numeric);
+SELECT stddev_pop(3.0::numeric), stddev_samp(4.0::numeric);
+SELECT var_pop('inf'::numeric), var_samp('inf'::numeric);
+SELECT stddev_pop('inf'::numeric), stddev_samp('inf'::numeric);
+SELECT var_pop('nan'::numeric), var_samp('nan'::numeric);
+SELECT stddev_pop('nan'::numeric), stddev_samp('nan'::numeric);
+
+-- verify correct results for null and NaN inputs
+select sum(null::int4) from generate_series(1,3);
+select sum(null::int8) from generate_series(1,3);
+select sum(null::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
+select sum(null::float8) from generate_series(1,3);
+select avg(null::int4) from generate_series(1,3);
+select avg(null::int8) from generate_series(1,3);
+select avg(null::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
+select avg(null::float8) from generate_series(1,3);
+select sum('NaN'::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
+select avg('NaN'::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
+
+-- verify correct results for infinite inputs
+SELECT sum(x::float8), avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES ('1'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+SELECT sum(x::float8), avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES ('infinity'), ('1')) v(x);
+SELECT sum(x::float8), avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES ('infinity'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+SELECT sum(x::float8), avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES ('-infinity'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+SELECT sum(x::float8), avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES ('-infinity'), ('-infinity')) v(x);
+SELECT sum(x::numeric), avg(x::numeric), var_pop(x::numeric)
+FROM (VALUES ('1'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+SELECT sum(x::numeric), avg(x::numeric), var_pop(x::numeric)
+FROM (VALUES ('infinity'), ('1')) v(x);
+SELECT sum(x::numeric), avg(x::numeric), var_pop(x::numeric)
+FROM (VALUES ('infinity'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+SELECT sum(x::numeric), avg(x::numeric), var_pop(x::numeric)
+FROM (VALUES ('-infinity'), ('infinity')) v(x);
+SELECT sum(x::numeric), avg(x::numeric), var_pop(x::numeric)
+FROM (VALUES ('-infinity'), ('-infinity')) v(x);
+
+-- test accuracy with a large input offset
+SELECT avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES (100000003), (100000004), (100000006), (100000007)) v(x);
+SELECT avg(x::float8), var_pop(x::float8)
+FROM (VALUES (7000000000005), (7000000000007)) v(x);
+
+-- SQL2003 binary aggregates
+SELECT regr_count(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT regr_sxx(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT regr_syy(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT regr_sxy(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT regr_avgx(b, a), regr_avgy(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT regr_r2(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT regr_slope(b, a), regr_intercept(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT covar_pop(b, a), covar_samp(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+SELECT corr(b, a) FROM aggtest;
+
+-- check single-tuple behavior
+SELECT covar_pop(1::float8,2::float8), covar_samp(3::float8,4::float8);
+SELECT covar_pop(1::float8,'inf'::float8), covar_samp(3::float8,'inf'::float8);
+SELECT covar_pop(1::float8,'nan'::float8), covar_samp(3::float8,'nan'::float8);
+
+-- test accum and combine functions directly
+CREATE TABLE regr_test (x float8, y float8);
+INSERT INTO regr_test VALUES (10,150),(20,250),(30,350),(80,540),(100,200);
+SELECT count(*), sum(x), regr_sxx(y,x), sum(y),regr_syy(y,x), regr_sxy(y,x)
+FROM regr_test WHERE x IN (10,20,30,80);
+SELECT count(*), sum(x), regr_sxx(y,x), sum(y),regr_syy(y,x), regr_sxy(y,x)
+FROM regr_test;
+SELECT float8_accum('{4,140,2900}'::float8[], 100);
+SELECT float8_regr_accum('{4,140,2900,1290,83075,15050}'::float8[], 200, 100);
+SELECT count(*), sum(x), regr_sxx(y,x), sum(y),regr_syy(y,x), regr_sxy(y,x)
+FROM regr_test WHERE x IN (10,20,30);
+SELECT count(*), sum(x), regr_sxx(y,x), sum(y),regr_syy(y,x), regr_sxy(y,x)
+FROM regr_test WHERE x IN (80,100);
+SELECT float8_combine('{3,60,200}'::float8[], '{0,0,0}'::float8[]);
+SELECT float8_combine('{0,0,0}'::float8[], '{2,180,200}'::float8[]);
+SELECT float8_combine('{3,60,200}'::float8[], '{2,180,200}'::float8[]);
+SELECT float8_regr_combine('{3,60,200,750,20000,2000}'::float8[],
+                           '{0,0,0,0,0,0}'::float8[]);
+SELECT float8_regr_combine('{0,0,0,0,0,0}'::float8[],
+                           '{2,180,200,740,57800,-3400}'::float8[]);
+SELECT float8_regr_combine('{3,60,200,750,20000,2000}'::float8[],
+                           '{2,180,200,740,57800,-3400}'::float8[]);
+DROP TABLE regr_test;
+
+-- test count, distinct
+SELECT count(four) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
+SELECT count(DISTINCT four) AS cnt_4 FROM onek;
+
+select ten, count(*), sum(four) from onek
+group by ten order by ten;
+
+select ten, count(four), sum(DISTINCT four) from onek
+group by ten order by ten;
+
+-- user-defined aggregates
+SELECT newavg(four) AS avg_1 FROM onek;
+SELECT newsum(four) AS sum_1500 FROM onek;
+SELECT newcnt(four) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
+SELECT newcnt(*) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
+SELECT oldcnt(*) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
+SELECT sum2(q1,q2) FROM int8_tbl;
+
+-- test for outer-level aggregates
+
+-- this should work
+select ten, sum(distinct four) from onek a
+group by ten
+having exists (select 1 from onek b where sum(distinct a.four) = b.four);
+
+-- this should fail because subquery has an agg of its own in WHERE
+select ten, sum(distinct four) from onek a
+group by ten
+having exists (select 1 from onek b
+               where sum(distinct a.four + b.four) = b.four);
+
+-- Test handling of sublinks within outer-level aggregates.
+-- Per bug report from Daniel Grace.
+select
+  (select max((select i.unique2 from tenk1 i where i.unique1 = o.unique1)))
+from tenk1 o;
+
+-- Test handling of Params within aggregate arguments in hashed aggregation.
+-- Per bug report from Jeevan Chalke.
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select s1, s2, sm
+from generate_series(1, 3) s1,
+     lateral (select s2, sum(s1 + s2) sm
+              from generate_series(1, 3) s2 group by s2) ss
+order by 1, 2;
+select s1, s2, sm
+from generate_series(1, 3) s1,
+     lateral (select s2, sum(s1 + s2) sm
+              from generate_series(1, 3) s2 group by s2) ss
+order by 1, 2;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select array(select sum(x+y) s
+            from generate_series(1,3) y group by y order by s)
+  from generate_series(1,3) x;
+select array(select sum(x+y) s
+            from generate_series(1,3) y group by y order by s)
+  from generate_series(1,3) x;
+
+--
+-- test for bitwise integer aggregates
+--
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE bitwise_test(
+  i2 INT2,
+  i4 INT4,
+  i8 INT8,
+  i INTEGER,
+  x INT2,
+  y BIT(4)
+);
+
+-- empty case
+SELECT
+  BIT_AND(i2) AS "?",
+  BIT_OR(i4)  AS "?",
+  BIT_XOR(i8) AS "?"
+FROM bitwise_test;
+
+COPY bitwise_test FROM STDIN NULL 'null';
+1	1	1	1	1	B0101
+3	3	3	null	2	B0100
+7	7	7	3	4	B1100
+\.
+
+SELECT
+  BIT_AND(i2) AS "1",
+  BIT_AND(i4) AS "1",
+  BIT_AND(i8) AS "1",
+  BIT_AND(i)  AS "?",
+  BIT_AND(x)  AS "0",
+  BIT_AND(y)  AS "0100",
+
+  BIT_OR(i2)  AS "7",
+  BIT_OR(i4)  AS "7",
+  BIT_OR(i8)  AS "7",
+  BIT_OR(i)   AS "?",
+  BIT_OR(x)   AS "7",
+  BIT_OR(y)   AS "1101",
+
+  BIT_XOR(i2) AS "5",
+  BIT_XOR(i4) AS "5",
+  BIT_XOR(i8) AS "5",
+  BIT_XOR(i)  AS "?",
+  BIT_XOR(x)  AS "7",
+  BIT_XOR(y)  AS "1101"
+FROM bitwise_test;
+
+--
+-- test boolean aggregates
+--
+-- first test all possible transition and final states
+
+SELECT
+  -- boolean and transitions
+  -- null because strict
+  booland_statefunc(NULL, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  booland_statefunc(TRUE, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  booland_statefunc(FALSE, NULL) IS NULL AS "t",
+  booland_statefunc(NULL, TRUE)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  booland_statefunc(NULL, FALSE) IS NULL AS "t",
+  -- and actual computations
+  booland_statefunc(TRUE, TRUE) AS "t",
+  NOT booland_statefunc(TRUE, FALSE) AS "t",
+  NOT booland_statefunc(FALSE, TRUE) AS "t",
+  NOT booland_statefunc(FALSE, FALSE) AS "t";
+
+SELECT
+  -- boolean or transitions
+  -- null because strict
+  boolor_statefunc(NULL, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(TRUE, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(FALSE, NULL) IS NULL AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(NULL, TRUE)  IS NULL AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(NULL, FALSE) IS NULL AS "t",
+  -- actual computations
+  boolor_statefunc(TRUE, TRUE) AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(TRUE, FALSE) AS "t",
+  boolor_statefunc(FALSE, TRUE) AS "t",
+  NOT boolor_statefunc(FALSE, FALSE) AS "t";
+
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE bool_test(
+  b1 BOOL,
+  b2 BOOL,
+  b3 BOOL,
+  b4 BOOL);
+
+-- empty case
+SELECT
+  BOOL_AND(b1)   AS "n",
+  BOOL_OR(b3)    AS "n"
+FROM bool_test;
+
+COPY bool_test FROM STDIN NULL 'null';
+TRUE	null	FALSE	null
+FALSE	TRUE	null	null
+null	TRUE	FALSE	null
+\.
+
+SELECT
+  BOOL_AND(b1)     AS "f",
+  BOOL_AND(b2)     AS "t",
+  BOOL_AND(b3)     AS "f",
+  BOOL_AND(b4)     AS "n",
+  BOOL_AND(NOT b2) AS "f",
+  BOOL_AND(NOT b3) AS "t"
+FROM bool_test;
+
+SELECT
+  EVERY(b1)     AS "f",
+  EVERY(b2)     AS "t",
+  EVERY(b3)     AS "f",
+  EVERY(b4)     AS "n",
+  EVERY(NOT b2) AS "f",
+  EVERY(NOT b3) AS "t"
+FROM bool_test;
+
+SELECT
+  BOOL_OR(b1)      AS "t",
+  BOOL_OR(b2)      AS "t",
+  BOOL_OR(b3)      AS "f",
+  BOOL_OR(b4)      AS "n",
+  BOOL_OR(NOT b2)  AS "f",
+  BOOL_OR(NOT b3)  AS "t"
+FROM bool_test;
+
+--
+-- Test cases that should be optimized into indexscans instead of
+-- the generic aggregate implementation.
+--
+
+-- Basic cases
+explain (costs off)
+  select min(unique1) from tenk1;
+select min(unique1) from tenk1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique1) from tenk1;
+select max(unique1) from tenk1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 < 42;
+select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 < 42;
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42;
+select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42;
+
+-- the planner may choose a generic aggregate here if parallel query is
+-- enabled, since that plan will be parallel safe and the "optimized"
+-- plan, which has almost identical cost, will not be.  we want to test
+-- the optimized plan, so temporarily disable parallel query.
+begin;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42000;
+select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42000;
+rollback;
+
+-- multi-column index (uses tenk1_thous_tenthous)
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
+select max(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
+explain (costs off)
+  select min(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
+select min(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
+
+-- check parameter propagation into an indexscan subquery
+explain (costs off)
+  select f1, (select min(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > f1) AS gt
+    from int4_tbl;
+select f1, (select min(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > f1) AS gt
+  from int4_tbl;
+
+-- check some cases that were handled incorrectly in 8.3.0
+explain (costs off)
+  select distinct max(unique2) from tenk1;
+select distinct max(unique2) from tenk1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by 1;
+select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by 1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2);
+select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2);
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2)+1;
+select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2)+1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(unique2), generate_series(1,3) as g from tenk1 order by g desc;
+select max(unique2), generate_series(1,3) as g from tenk1 order by g desc;
+
+-- interesting corner case: constant gets optimized into a seqscan
+explain (costs off)
+  select max(100) from tenk1;
+select max(100) from tenk1;
+
+-- try it on an inheritance tree
+create table minmaxtest(f1 int);
+create table minmaxtest1() inherits (minmaxtest);
+create table minmaxtest2() inherits (minmaxtest);
+create table minmaxtest3() inherits (minmaxtest);
+create index minmaxtesti on minmaxtest(f1);
+create index minmaxtest1i on minmaxtest1(f1);
+create index minmaxtest2i on minmaxtest2(f1 desc);
+create index minmaxtest3i on minmaxtest3(f1) where f1 is not null;
+
+insert into minmaxtest values(11), (12);
+insert into minmaxtest1 values(13), (14);
+insert into minmaxtest2 values(15), (16);
+insert into minmaxtest3 values(17), (18);
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
+select min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
+
+-- DISTINCT doesn't do anything useful here, but it shouldn't fail
+explain (costs off)
+  select distinct min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
+select distinct min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
+
+drop table minmaxtest cascade;
+
+-- check for correct detection of nested-aggregate errors
+select max(min(unique1)) from tenk1;
+select (select max(min(unique1)) from int8_tbl) from tenk1;
+select avg((select avg(a1.col1 order by (select avg(a2.col2) from tenk1 a3))
+            from tenk1 a1(col1)))
+from tenk1 a2(col2);
+
+--
+-- Test removal of redundant GROUP BY columns
+--
+
+create temp table t1 (a int, b int, c int, d int, primary key (a, b));
+create temp table t2 (x int, y int, z int, primary key (x, y));
+create temp table t3 (a int, b int, c int, primary key(a, b) deferrable);
+
+-- Non-primary-key columns can be removed from GROUP BY
+explain (costs off) select * from t1 group by a,b,c,d;
+
+-- No removal can happen if the complete PK is not present in GROUP BY
+explain (costs off) select a,c from t1 group by a,c,d;
+
+-- Test removal across multiple relations
+explain (costs off) select *
+from t1 inner join t2 on t1.a = t2.x and t1.b = t2.y
+group by t1.a,t1.b,t1.c,t1.d,t2.x,t2.y,t2.z;
+
+-- Test case where t1 can be optimized but not t2
+explain (costs off) select t1.*,t2.x,t2.z
+from t1 inner join t2 on t1.a = t2.x and t1.b = t2.y
+group by t1.a,t1.b,t1.c,t1.d,t2.x,t2.z;
+
+-- Cannot optimize when PK is deferrable
+explain (costs off) select * from t3 group by a,b,c;
+
+create temp table t1c () inherits (t1);
+
+-- Ensure we don't remove any columns when t1 has a child table
+explain (costs off) select * from t1 group by a,b,c,d;
+
+-- Okay to remove columns if we're only querying the parent.
+explain (costs off) select * from only t1 group by a,b,c,d;
+
+create temp table p_t1 (
+  a int,
+  b int,
+  c int,
+  d int,
+  primary key(a,b)
+) partition by list(a);
+create temp table p_t1_1 partition of p_t1 for values in(1);
+create temp table p_t1_2 partition of p_t1 for values in(2);
+
+-- Ensure we can remove non-PK columns for partitioned tables.
+explain (costs off) select * from p_t1 group by a,b,c,d;
+
+drop table t1 cascade;
+drop table t2;
+drop table t3;
+drop table p_t1;
+
+--
+-- Test GROUP BY matching of join columns that are type-coerced due to USING
+--
+
+create temp table t1(f1 int, f2 bigint);
+create temp table t2(f1 bigint, f22 bigint);
+
+select f1 from t1 left join t2 using (f1) group by f1;
+select f1 from t1 left join t2 using (f1) group by t1.f1;
+select t1.f1 from t1 left join t2 using (f1) group by t1.f1;
+-- only this one should fail:
+select t1.f1 from t1 left join t2 using (f1) group by f1;
+
+drop table t1, t2;
+
+--
+-- Test combinations of DISTINCT and/or ORDER BY
+--
+
+select array_agg(a order by b)
+  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
+select array_agg(a order by a)
+  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
+select array_agg(a order by a desc)
+  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
+select array_agg(b order by a desc)
+  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
+
+select array_agg(distinct a)
+  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
+select array_agg(distinct a order by a)
+  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
+select array_agg(distinct a order by a desc)
+  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
+select array_agg(distinct a order by a desc nulls last)
+  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
+
+-- multi-arg aggs, strict/nonstrict, distinct/order by
+
+select aggfstr(a,b,c)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+select aggfns(a,b,c)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+
+select aggfstr(distinct a,b,c)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,3) i;
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,3) i;
+
+select aggfstr(distinct a,b,c order by b)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,3) i;
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by b)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,3) i;
+
+-- test specific code paths
+
+select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by c using ~<~,a)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,2) i;
+select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by c using ~<~)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,2) i;
+select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by a)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,2) i;
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,c using ~<~,b)
+  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+       generate_series(1,2) i;
+
+-- check node I/O via view creation and usage, also deparsing logic
+
+create view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(a,b,c)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+
+select * from agg_view1;
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(distinct a,b,c)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+         generate_series(1,3) i;
+
+select * from agg_view1;
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by b)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+         generate_series(1,3) i;
+
+select * from agg_view1;
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(a,b,c order by b+1)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+
+select * from agg_view1;
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(a,a,c order by b)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+
+select * from agg_view1;
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(a,b,c order by c using ~<~)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
+
+select * from agg_view1;
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+
+create or replace view agg_view1 as
+  select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,c using ~<~,b)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+         generate_series(1,2) i;
+
+select * from agg_view1;
+select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
+
+drop view agg_view1;
+
+-- incorrect DISTINCT usage errors
+
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by i)
+  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,b+1)
+  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,b,i,c)
+  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
+select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by a,b)
+  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
+
+-- string_agg tests
+select string_agg(a,',') from (values('aaaa'),('bbbb'),('cccc')) g(a);
+select string_agg(a,',') from (values('aaaa'),(null),('bbbb'),('cccc')) g(a);
+select string_agg(a,'AB') from (values(null),(null),('bbbb'),('cccc')) g(a);
+select string_agg(a,',') from (values(null),(null)) g(a);
+
+-- check some implicit casting cases, as per bug #5564
+select string_agg(distinct f1, ',' order by f1) from varchar_tbl;  -- ok
+select string_agg(distinct f1::text, ',' order by f1) from varchar_tbl;  -- not ok
+select string_agg(distinct f1, ',' order by f1::text) from varchar_tbl;  -- not ok
+select string_agg(distinct f1::text, ',' order by f1::text) from varchar_tbl;  -- ok
+
+-- string_agg bytea tests
+create table bytea_test_table(v bytea);
+
+select string_agg(v, '') from bytea_test_table;
+
+insert into bytea_test_table values(decode('ff','hex'));
+
+select string_agg(v, '') from bytea_test_table;
+
+insert into bytea_test_table values(decode('aa','hex'));
+
+select string_agg(v, '') from bytea_test_table;
+select string_agg(v, NULL) from bytea_test_table;
+select string_agg(v, decode('ee', 'hex')) from bytea_test_table;
+
+drop table bytea_test_table;
+
+-- FILTER tests
+
+select min(unique1) filter (where unique1 > 100) from tenk1;
+
+select sum(1/ten) filter (where ten > 0) from tenk1;
+
+select ten, sum(distinct four) filter (where four::text ~ '123') from onek a
+group by ten;
+
+select ten, sum(distinct four) filter (where four > 10) from onek a
+group by ten
+having exists (select 1 from onek b where sum(distinct a.four) = b.four);
+
+select max(foo COLLATE "C") filter (where (bar collate "POSIX") > '0')
+from (values ('a', 'b')) AS v(foo,bar);
+
+-- outer reference in FILTER (PostgreSQL extension)
+select (select count(*)
+        from (values (1)) t0(inner_c))
+from (values (2),(3)) t1(outer_c); -- inner query is aggregation query
+select (select count(*) filter (where outer_c <> 0)
+        from (values (1)) t0(inner_c))
+from (values (2),(3)) t1(outer_c); -- outer query is aggregation query
+select (select count(inner_c) filter (where outer_c <> 0)
+        from (values (1)) t0(inner_c))
+from (values (2),(3)) t1(outer_c); -- inner query is aggregation query
+select
+  (select max((select i.unique2 from tenk1 i where i.unique1 = o.unique1))
+     filter (where o.unique1 < 10))
+from tenk1 o;					-- outer query is aggregation query
+
+-- subquery in FILTER clause (PostgreSQL extension)
+select sum(unique1) FILTER (WHERE
+  unique1 IN (SELECT unique1 FROM onek where unique1 < 100)) FROM tenk1;
+
+-- exercise lots of aggregate parts with FILTER
+select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,c using ~<~,b) filter (where a > 1)
+    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
+    generate_series(1,2) i;
+
+-- check handling of bare boolean Var in FILTER
+select max(0) filter (where b1) from bool_test;
+select (select max(0) filter (where b1)) from bool_test;
+
+-- check for correct detection of nested-aggregate errors in FILTER
+select max(unique1) filter (where sum(ten) > 0) from tenk1;
+select (select max(unique1) filter (where sum(ten) > 0) from int8_tbl) from tenk1;
+select max(unique1) filter (where bool_or(ten > 0)) from tenk1;
+select (select max(unique1) filter (where bool_or(ten > 0)) from int8_tbl) from tenk1;
+
+
+-- ordered-set aggregates
+
+select p, percentile_cont(p) within group (order by x::float8)
+from generate_series(1,5) x,
+     (values (0::float8),(0.1),(0.25),(0.4),(0.5),(0.6),(0.75),(0.9),(1)) v(p)
+group by p order by p;
+
+select p, percentile_cont(p order by p) within group (order by x)  -- error
+from generate_series(1,5) x,
+     (values (0::float8),(0.1),(0.25),(0.4),(0.5),(0.6),(0.75),(0.9),(1)) v(p)
+group by p order by p;
+
+select p, sum() within group (order by x::float8)  -- error
+from generate_series(1,5) x,
+     (values (0::float8),(0.1),(0.25),(0.4),(0.5),(0.6),(0.75),(0.9),(1)) v(p)
+group by p order by p;
+
+select p, percentile_cont(p,p)  -- error
+from generate_series(1,5) x,
+     (values (0::float8),(0.1),(0.25),(0.4),(0.5),(0.6),(0.75),(0.9),(1)) v(p)
+group by p order by p;
+
+select percentile_cont(0.5) within group (order by b) from aggtest;
+select percentile_cont(0.5) within group (order by b), sum(b) from aggtest;
+select percentile_cont(0.5) within group (order by thousand) from tenk1;
+select percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by thousand) from tenk1;
+select rank(3) within group (order by x)
+from (values (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3),(4)) v(x);
+select cume_dist(3) within group (order by x)
+from (values (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3),(4)) v(x);
+select percent_rank(3) within group (order by x)
+from (values (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3),(4),(5)) v(x);
+select dense_rank(3) within group (order by x)
+from (values (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3),(4)) v(x);
+
+select percentile_disc(array[0,0.1,0.25,0.5,0.75,0.9,1]) within group (order by thousand)
+from tenk1;
+select percentile_cont(array[0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1]) within group (order by thousand)
+from tenk1;
+select percentile_disc(array[[null,1,0.5],[0.75,0.25,null]]) within group (order by thousand)
+from tenk1;
+select percentile_cont(array[0,1,0.25,0.75,0.5,1,0.3,0.32,0.35,0.38,0.4]) within group (order by x)
+from generate_series(1,6) x;
+
+select ten, mode() within group (order by string4) from tenk1 group by ten;
+
+select percentile_disc(array[0.25,0.5,0.75]) within group (order by x)
+from unnest('{fred,jim,fred,jack,jill,fred,jill,jim,jim,sheila,jim,sheila}'::text[]) u(x);
+
+-- check collation propagates up in suitable cases:
+select pg_collation_for(percentile_disc(1) within group (order by x collate "POSIX"))
+  from (values ('fred'),('jim')) v(x);
+
+-- ordered-set aggs created with CREATE AGGREGATE
+select test_rank(3) within group (order by x)
+from (values (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3),(4)) v(x);
+select test_percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by thousand) from tenk1;
+
+-- ordered-set aggs can't use ungrouped vars in direct args:
+select rank(x) within group (order by x) from generate_series(1,5) x;
+
+-- outer-level agg can't use a grouped arg of a lower level, either:
+select array(select percentile_disc(a) within group (order by x)
+               from (values (0.3),(0.7)) v(a) group by a)
+  from generate_series(1,5) g(x);
+
+-- agg in the direct args is a grouping violation, too:
+select rank(sum(x)) within group (order by x) from generate_series(1,5) x;
+
+-- hypothetical-set type unification and argument-count failures:
+select rank(3) within group (order by x) from (values ('fred'),('jim')) v(x);
+select rank(3) within group (order by stringu1,stringu2) from tenk1;
+select rank('fred') within group (order by x) from generate_series(1,5) x;
+select rank('adam'::text collate "C") within group (order by x collate "POSIX")
+  from (values ('fred'),('jim')) v(x);
+-- hypothetical-set type unification successes:
+select rank('adam'::varchar) within group (order by x) from (values ('fred'),('jim')) v(x);
+select rank('3') within group (order by x) from generate_series(1,5) x;
+
+-- divide by zero check
+select percent_rank(0) within group (order by x) from generate_series(1,0) x;
+
+-- deparse and multiple features:
+create view aggordview1 as
+select ten,
+       percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by thousand) as p50,
+       percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by thousand) filter (where hundred=1) as px,
+       rank(5,'AZZZZ',50) within group (order by hundred, string4 desc, hundred)
+  from tenk1
+ group by ten order by ten;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('aggordview1');
+select * from aggordview1 order by ten;
+drop view aggordview1;
+
+-- variadic aggregates
+select least_agg(q1,q2) from int8_tbl;
+select least_agg(variadic array[q1,q2]) from int8_tbl;
+
+select cleast_agg(q1,q2) from int8_tbl;
+select cleast_agg(4.5,f1) from int4_tbl;
+select cleast_agg(variadic array[4.5,f1]) from int4_tbl;
+select pg_typeof(cleast_agg(variadic array[4.5,f1])) from int4_tbl;
+
+-- test aggregates with common transition functions share the same states
+begin work;
+
+create type avg_state as (total bigint, count bigint);
+
+create or replace function avg_transfn(state avg_state, n int) returns avg_state as
+$$
+declare new_state avg_state;
+begin
+	raise notice 'avg_transfn called with %', n;
+	if state is null then
+		if n is not null then
+			new_state.total := n;
+			new_state.count := 1;
+			return new_state;
+		end if;
+		return null;
+	elsif n is not null then
+		state.total := state.total + n;
+		state.count := state.count + 1;
+		return state;
+	end if;
+
+	return null;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function avg_finalfn(state avg_state) returns int4 as
+$$
+begin
+	if state is null then
+		return NULL;
+	else
+		return state.total / state.count;
+	end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function sum_finalfn(state avg_state) returns int4 as
+$$
+begin
+	if state is null then
+		return NULL;
+	else
+		return state.total;
+	end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create aggregate my_avg(int4)
+(
+   stype = avg_state,
+   sfunc = avg_transfn,
+   finalfunc = avg_finalfn
+);
+
+create aggregate my_sum(int4)
+(
+   stype = avg_state,
+   sfunc = avg_transfn,
+   finalfunc = sum_finalfn
+);
+
+-- aggregate state should be shared as aggs are the same.
+select my_avg(one),my_avg(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+
+-- aggregate state should be shared as transfn is the same for both aggs.
+select my_avg(one),my_sum(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+
+-- same as previous one, but with DISTINCT, which requires sorting the input.
+select my_avg(distinct one),my_sum(distinct one) from (values(1),(3),(1)) t(one);
+
+-- shouldn't share states due to the distinctness not matching.
+select my_avg(distinct one),my_sum(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+
+-- shouldn't share states due to the filter clause not matching.
+select my_avg(one) filter (where one > 1),my_sum(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+
+-- this should not share the state due to different input columns.
+select my_avg(one),my_sum(two) from (values(1,2),(3,4)) t(one,two);
+
+-- exercise cases where OSAs share state
+select
+  percentile_cont(0.5) within group (order by a),
+  percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by a)
+from (values(1::float8),(3),(5),(7)) t(a);
+
+select
+  percentile_cont(0.25) within group (order by a),
+  percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by a)
+from (values(1::float8),(3),(5),(7)) t(a);
+
+-- these can't share state currently
+select
+  rank(4) within group (order by a),
+  dense_rank(4) within group (order by a)
+from (values(1),(3),(5),(7)) t(a);
+
+-- test that aggs with the same sfunc and initcond share the same agg state
+create aggregate my_sum_init(int4)
+(
+   stype = avg_state,
+   sfunc = avg_transfn,
+   finalfunc = sum_finalfn,
+   initcond = '(10,0)'
+);
+
+create aggregate my_avg_init(int4)
+(
+   stype = avg_state,
+   sfunc = avg_transfn,
+   finalfunc = avg_finalfn,
+   initcond = '(10,0)'
+);
+
+create aggregate my_avg_init2(int4)
+(
+   stype = avg_state,
+   sfunc = avg_transfn,
+   finalfunc = avg_finalfn,
+   initcond = '(4,0)'
+);
+
+-- state should be shared if INITCONDs are matching
+select my_sum_init(one),my_avg_init(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+
+-- Varying INITCONDs should cause the states not to be shared.
+select my_sum_init(one),my_avg_init2(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one);
+
+rollback;
+
+-- test aggregate state sharing to ensure it works if one aggregate has a
+-- finalfn and the other one has none.
+begin work;
+
+create or replace function sum_transfn(state int4, n int4) returns int4 as
+$$
+declare new_state int4;
+begin
+	raise notice 'sum_transfn called with %', n;
+	if state is null then
+		if n is not null then
+			new_state := n;
+			return new_state;
+		end if;
+		return null;
+	elsif n is not null then
+		state := state + n;
+		return state;
+	end if;
+
+	return null;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function halfsum_finalfn(state int4) returns int4 as
+$$
+begin
+	if state is null then
+		return NULL;
+	else
+		return state / 2;
+	end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create aggregate my_sum(int4)
+(
+   stype = int4,
+   sfunc = sum_transfn
+);
+
+create aggregate my_half_sum(int4)
+(
+   stype = int4,
+   sfunc = sum_transfn,
+   finalfunc = halfsum_finalfn
+);
+
+-- Agg state should be shared even though my_sum has no finalfn
+select my_sum(one),my_half_sum(one) from (values(1),(2),(3),(4)) t(one);
+
+rollback;
+
+
+-- test that the aggregate transition logic correctly handles
+-- transition / combine functions returning NULL
+
+-- First test the case of a normal transition function returning NULL
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION balkifnull(int8, int4)
+RETURNS int8
+STRICT
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+    IF $1 IS NULL THEN
+       RAISE 'erroneously called with NULL argument';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+END$$;
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE balk(int4)
+(
+    SFUNC = balkifnull(int8, int4),
+    STYPE = int8,
+    PARALLEL = SAFE,
+    INITCOND = '0'
+);
+
+SELECT balk(hundred) FROM tenk1;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Secondly test the case of a parallel aggregate combiner function
+-- returning NULL. For that use normal transition function, but a
+-- combiner function returning NULL.
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION balkifnull(int8, int8)
+RETURNS int8
+PARALLEL SAFE
+STRICT
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+    IF $1 IS NULL THEN
+       RAISE 'erroneously called with NULL argument';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+END$$;
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE balk(int4)
+(
+    SFUNC = int4_sum(int8, int4),
+    STYPE = int8,
+    COMBINEFUNC = balkifnull(int8, int8),
+    PARALLEL = SAFE,
+    INITCOND = '0'
+);
+
+-- force use of parallelism
+ALTER TABLE tenk1 set (parallel_workers = 4);
+SET LOCAL parallel_setup_cost=0;
+SET LOCAL max_parallel_workers_per_gather=4;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT balk(hundred) FROM tenk1;
+SELECT balk(hundred) FROM tenk1;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- test coverage for aggregate combine/serial/deserial functions
+BEGIN;
+
+SET parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+SET parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+SET min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 4;
+SET parallel_leader_participation = off;
+SET enable_indexonlyscan = off;
+
+-- variance(int4) covers numeric_poly_combine
+-- sum(int8) covers int8_avg_combine
+-- regr_count(float8, float8) covers int8inc_float8_float8 and aggregates with > 1 arg
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE)
+SELECT variance(unique1::int4), sum(unique1::int8), regr_count(unique1::float8, unique1::float8)
+FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1) u;
+
+SELECT variance(unique1::int4), sum(unique1::int8), regr_count(unique1::float8, unique1::float8)
+FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1) u;
+
+-- variance(int8) covers numeric_combine
+-- avg(numeric) covers numeric_avg_combine
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE)
+SELECT variance(unique1::int8), avg(unique1::numeric)
+FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1) u;
+
+SELECT variance(unique1::int8), avg(unique1::numeric)
+FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk1) u;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- test coverage for dense_rank
+SELECT dense_rank(x) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY x) FROM (VALUES (1),(1),(2),(2),(3),(3)) v(x) GROUP BY (x) ORDER BY 1;
+
+
+-- Ensure that the STRICT checks for aggregates does not take NULLness
+-- of ORDER BY columns into account. See bug report around
+-- 2a505161-2727-2473-7c46-591ed108ac52@email.cz
+SELECT min(x ORDER BY y) FROM (VALUES(1, NULL)) AS d(x,y);
+SELECT min(x ORDER BY y) FROM (VALUES(1, 2)) AS d(x,y);
+
+-- check collation-sensitive matching between grouping expressions
+select v||'a', case v||'a' when 'aa' then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
+  from unnest(array['a','b']) u(v)
+ group by v||'a' order by 1;
+select v||'a', case when v||'a' = 'aa' then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
+  from unnest(array['a','b']) u(v)
+ group by v||'a' order by 1;
+
+-- Make sure that generation of HashAggregate for uniqification purposes
+-- does not lead to array overflow due to unexpected duplicate hash keys
+-- see CAFeeJoKKu0u+A_A9R9316djW-YW3-+Gtgvy3ju655qRHR3jtdA@mail.gmail.com
+set enable_memoize to off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select 1 from tenk1
+   where (hundred, thousand) in (select twothousand, twothousand from onek);
+reset enable_memoize;
+
+--
+-- Hash Aggregation Spill tests
+--
+
+set enable_sort=false;
+set work_mem='64kB';
+
+select unique1, count(*), sum(twothousand) from tenk1
+group by unique1
+having sum(fivethous) > 4975
+order by sum(twothousand);
+
+set work_mem to default;
+set enable_sort to default;
+
+--
+-- Compare results between plans using sorting and plans using hash
+-- aggregation. Force spilling in both cases by setting work_mem low.
+--
+
+set work_mem='64kB';
+
+create table agg_data_2k as
+select g from generate_series(0, 1999) g;
+analyze agg_data_2k;
+
+create table agg_data_20k as
+select g from generate_series(0, 19999) g;
+analyze agg_data_20k;
+
+-- Produce results with sorting.
+
+set enable_hashagg = false;
+
+set jit_above_cost = 0;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select g%10000 as c1, sum(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_20k group by g%10000;
+
+create table agg_group_1 as
+select g%10000 as c1, sum(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_20k group by g%10000;
+
+create table agg_group_2 as
+select * from
+  (values (100), (300), (500)) as r(a),
+  lateral (
+    select (g/2)::numeric as c1,
+           array_agg(g::numeric) as c2,
+	   count(*) as c3
+    from agg_data_2k
+    where g < r.a
+    group by g/2) as s;
+
+set jit_above_cost to default;
+
+create table agg_group_3 as
+select (g/2)::numeric as c1, sum(7::int4) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_2k group by g/2;
+
+create table agg_group_4 as
+select (g/2)::numeric as c1, array_agg(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_2k group by g/2;
+
+-- Produce results with hash aggregation
+
+set enable_hashagg = true;
+set enable_sort = false;
+
+set jit_above_cost = 0;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select g%10000 as c1, sum(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_20k group by g%10000;
+
+create table agg_hash_1 as
+select g%10000 as c1, sum(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_20k group by g%10000;
+
+create table agg_hash_2 as
+select * from
+  (values (100), (300), (500)) as r(a),
+  lateral (
+    select (g/2)::numeric as c1,
+           array_agg(g::numeric) as c2,
+	   count(*) as c3
+    from agg_data_2k
+    where g < r.a
+    group by g/2) as s;
+
+set jit_above_cost to default;
+
+create table agg_hash_3 as
+select (g/2)::numeric as c1, sum(7::int4) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_2k group by g/2;
+
+create table agg_hash_4 as
+select (g/2)::numeric as c1, array_agg(g::numeric) as c2, count(*) as c3
+  from agg_data_2k group by g/2;
+
+set enable_sort = true;
+set work_mem to default;
+
+-- Compare group aggregation results to hash aggregation results
+
+(select * from agg_hash_1 except select * from agg_group_1)
+  union all
+(select * from agg_group_1 except select * from agg_hash_1);
+
+(select * from agg_hash_2 except select * from agg_group_2)
+  union all
+(select * from agg_group_2 except select * from agg_hash_2);
+
+(select * from agg_hash_3 except select * from agg_group_3)
+  union all
+(select * from agg_group_3 except select * from agg_hash_3);
+
+(select * from agg_hash_4 except select * from agg_group_4)
+  union all
+(select * from agg_group_4 except select * from agg_hash_4);
+
+drop table agg_group_1;
+drop table agg_group_2;
+drop table agg_group_3;
+drop table agg_group_4;
+drop table agg_hash_1;
+drop table agg_hash_2;
+drop table agg_hash_3;
+drop table agg_hash_4;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/alter_generic.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/alter_generic.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de58d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/alter_generic.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+--
+-- Test for ALTER some_object {RENAME TO, OWNER TO, SET SCHEMA}
+--
+
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test_opclass_options_func(internal)
+    RETURNS void
+    AS :'regresslib', 'test_opclass_options_func'
+    LANGUAGE C;
+
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_alter_generic_user1;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_alter_generic_user2;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_alter_generic_user3;
+
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+CREATE USER regress_alter_generic_user3;
+CREATE USER regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE USER regress_alter_generic_user1 IN ROLE regress_alter_generic_user3;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA alt_nsp1;
+CREATE SCHEMA alt_nsp2;
+
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA alt_nsp1, alt_nsp2 TO public;
+
+SET search_path = alt_nsp1, public;
+
+--
+-- Function and Aggregate
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS 'SELECT $1 + 1';
+CREATE FUNCTION alt_func2(int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS 'SELECT $1 - 1';
+CREATE AGGREGATE alt_agg1 (
+  sfunc1 = int4pl, basetype = int4, stype1 = int4, initcond = 0
+);
+CREATE AGGREGATE alt_agg2 (
+  sfunc1 = int4mi, basetype = int4, stype1 = int4, initcond = 0
+);
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(int) RENAME TO alt_func3;  -- failed (not aggregate)
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (not aggregate)
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not aggregate)
+
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RENAME TO alt_func2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RENAME TO alt_func3;  -- OK
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp1;  -- OK, already there
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg1(int) RENAME TO alt_agg2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg1(int) RENAME TO alt_agg3;   -- OK
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS 'SELECT $1 + 2';
+CREATE FUNCTION alt_func2(int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS 'SELECT $1 - 2';
+CREATE AGGREGATE alt_agg1 (
+  sfunc1 = int4pl, basetype = int4, stype1 = int4, initcond = 100
+);
+CREATE AGGREGATE alt_agg2 (
+  sfunc1 = int4mi, basetype = int4, stype1 = int4, initcond = -100
+);
+
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func3(int) RENAME TO alt_func4;	-- failed (not owner)
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RENAME TO alt_func4;	-- OK
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func3(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;	-- failed (not owner)
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;	-- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func3(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;      -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;	-- failed (name conflicts)
+
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg3(int) RENAME TO alt_agg4;   -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg1(int) RENAME TO alt_agg4;   -- OK
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg3(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg3(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SELECT n.nspname, proname, prorettype::regtype, prokind, a.rolname
+  FROM pg_proc p, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE p.pronamespace = n.oid AND p.proowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname IN ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, proname;
+
+--
+-- We would test collations here, but it's not possible because the error
+-- messages tend to be nonportable.
+--
+
+--
+-- Conversion
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE CONVERSION alt_conv1 FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+CREATE CONVERSION alt_conv2 FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv1 RENAME TO alt_conv2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv1 RENAME TO alt_conv3;  -- OK
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE CONVERSION alt_conv1 FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+CREATE CONVERSION alt_conv2 FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv3 RENAME TO alt_conv4;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv1 RENAME TO alt_conv4;  -- OK
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv3 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER CONVERSION alt_conv2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SELECT n.nspname, c.conname, a.rolname
+  FROM pg_conversion c, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE c.connamespace = n.oid AND c.conowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname IN ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, conname;
+
+--
+-- Foreign Data Wrapper and Foreign Server
+--
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw1;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw2;
+
+CREATE SERVER alt_fserv1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw1;
+CREATE SERVER alt_fserv2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw2;
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw1 RENAME TO alt_fdw2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw1 RENAME TO alt_fdw3;  -- OK
+
+ALTER SERVER alt_fserv1 RENAME TO alt_fserv2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER SERVER alt_fserv1 RENAME TO alt_fserv3;   -- OK
+
+SELECT fdwname FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper WHERE fdwname like 'alt_fdw%';
+SELECT srvname FROM pg_foreign_server WHERE srvname like 'alt_fserv%';
+
+--
+-- Procedural Language
+--
+CREATE LANGUAGE alt_lang1 HANDLER plpgsql_call_handler;
+CREATE LANGUAGE alt_lang2 HANDLER plpgsql_call_handler;
+
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang1 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user1;  -- OK
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- OK
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang1 RENAME TO alt_lang2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang2 RENAME TO alt_lang3;   -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang1 RENAME TO alt_lang3;   -- OK
+
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER LANGUAGE alt_lang3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT lanname, a.rolname
+  FROM pg_language l, pg_authid a
+  WHERE l.lanowner = a.oid AND l.lanname like 'alt_lang%'
+  ORDER BY lanname;
+
+--
+-- Operator
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR @-@ ( leftarg = int4, rightarg = int4, procedure = int4mi );
+CREATE OPERATOR @+@ ( leftarg = int4, rightarg = int4, procedure = int4pl );
+
+ALTER OPERATOR @+@(int4, int4) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER OPERATOR @+@(int4, int4) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR @-@(int4, int4) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;           -- OK
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR @-@ ( leftarg = int4, rightarg = int4, procedure = int4mi );
+
+ALTER OPERATOR @+@(int4, int4) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER OPERATOR @-@(int4, int4) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER OPERATOR @+@(int4, int4) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;   -- failed (not owner)
+-- can't test this: the error message includes the raw oid of namespace
+-- ALTER OPERATOR @-@(int4, int4) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SELECT n.nspname, oprname, a.rolname,
+    oprleft::regtype, oprright::regtype, oprcode::regproc
+  FROM pg_operator o, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE o.oprnamespace = n.oid AND o.oprowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname IN ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, oprname;
+
+--
+-- OpFamily and OpClass
+--
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user1;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user1;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 FOR TYPE uuid USING hash AS STORAGE uuid;
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 FOR TYPE uuid USING hash AS STORAGE uuid;
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user1;
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opf2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opf3;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opc2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opc3;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 FOR TYPE macaddr USING hash AS STORAGE macaddr;
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 FOR TYPE macaddr USING hash AS STORAGE macaddr;
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf3 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opf4;	-- failed (not owner)
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opf4;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf3 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf3 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf2 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc3 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opc4;	-- failed (not owner)
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc1 USING hash RENAME TO alt_opc4;  -- OK
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc3 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc3 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER OPERATOR CLASS alt_opc2 USING hash SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SELECT nspname, opfname, amname, rolname
+  FROM pg_opfamily o, pg_am m, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE o.opfmethod = m.oid AND o.opfnamespace = n.oid AND o.opfowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname IN ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+	AND NOT opfname LIKE 'alt_opc%'
+  ORDER BY nspname, opfname;
+
+SELECT nspname, opcname, amname, rolname
+  FROM pg_opclass o, pg_am m, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE o.opcmethod = m.oid AND o.opcnamespace = n.oid AND o.opcowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname IN ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, opcname;
+
+-- ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD/DROP
+
+-- Should work. Textbook case of CREATE / ALTER ADD / ALTER DROP / DROP
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD
+  -- int4 vs int2
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 <= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 >= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree DROP
+  -- int4 vs int2
+  OPERATOR 1 (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 (int4, int2) ;
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Should fail. Invalid values for ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY .. ADD / DROP
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING invalid_index_method ADD  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2); -- invalid indexing_method
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 6 < (int4, int2); -- operator number should be between 1 and 5
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 0 < (int4, int2); -- operator number should be between 1 and 5
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < ; -- operator without argument types
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 0 btint42cmp(int4, int2); -- invalid options parsing function
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 6 btint42cmp(int4, int2); -- function number should be between 1 and 5
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree ADD STORAGE invalid_storage; -- Ensure STORAGE is not a part of ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf4 USING btree;
+
+-- Should fail. Need to be SUPERUSER to do ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY .. ADD / DROP
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_alter_generic_user5 NOSUPERUSER;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf5 USING btree;
+SET ROLE regress_alter_generic_user5;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf5 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2), FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf5 USING btree;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Should fail. Need rights to namespace for ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY .. ADD / DROP
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_alter_generic_user6;
+CREATE SCHEMA alt_nsp6;
+REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA alt_nsp6 FROM regress_alter_generic_user6;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_nsp6.alt_opf6 USING btree;
+SET ROLE regress_alter_generic_user6;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_nsp6.alt_opf6 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Should fail. Only two arguments required for ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... DROP OPERATOR
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf7 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf7 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2);
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf7 USING btree DROP OPERATOR 1 (int4, int2, int8);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf7 USING btree;
+
+-- Should work. During ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... DROP OPERATOR
+-- when left type is the same as right type, a DROP with only one argument type should work
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf8 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf8 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf8 USING btree;
+
+-- Should work. Textbook case of ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD OPERATOR with FOR ORDER BY
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf9 USING gist;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf9 USING gist ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4) FOR ORDER BY float_ops;
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf9 USING gist;
+
+-- Should fail. Ensure correct ordering methods in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD OPERATOR .. FOR ORDER BY
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf10 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf10 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4) FOR ORDER BY float_ops;
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf10 USING btree;
+
+-- Should work. Textbook case of ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD OPERATOR with FOR ORDER BY
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf11 USING gist;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf11 USING gist ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4) FOR ORDER BY float_ops;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf11 USING gist DROP OPERATOR 1 (int4, int4);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf11 USING gist;
+
+-- Should fail. btree comparison functions should return INTEGER in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf12 USING btree;
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_opf12  (int4, int2) RETURNS BIGINT AS 'SELECT NULL::BIGINT;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf12 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 fn_opf12(int4, int2);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf12 USING btree;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Should fail. hash comparison functions should return INTEGER in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf13 USING hash;
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_opf13  (int4) RETURNS BIGINT AS 'SELECT NULL::BIGINT;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf13 USING hash ADD FUNCTION 1 fn_opf13(int4);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf13 USING hash;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Should fail. btree comparison functions should have two arguments in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf14 USING btree;
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_opf14 (int4) RETURNS BIGINT AS 'SELECT NULL::BIGINT;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf14 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 fn_opf14(int4);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf14 USING btree;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Should fail. hash comparison functions should have one argument in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf15 USING hash;
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_opf15 (int4, int2) RETURNS BIGINT AS 'SELECT NULL::BIGINT;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf15 USING hash ADD FUNCTION 1 fn_opf15(int4, int2);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf15 USING hash;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Should fail. In gist throw an error when giving different data types for function argument
+-- without defining left / right type in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf16 USING gist;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf16 USING gist ADD FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf16 USING gist;
+
+-- Should fail. duplicate operator number / function number in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4), OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4); -- operator # appears twice in same statement
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4); -- operator 1 requested first-time
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int4); -- operator 1 requested again in separate statement
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 <= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 >= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);    -- procedure 1 appears twice in same statement
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 <= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 >= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);    -- procedure 1 appears first time
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree ADD
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 <= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 >= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);    -- procedure 1 requested again in separate statement
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf17 USING btree;
+
+
+-- Should fail. Ensure that DROP requests for missing OPERATOR / FUNCTIONS
+-- return appropriate message in ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... DROP OPERATOR / FUNCTION
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree DROP OPERATOR 1 (int4, int4);
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree ADD
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 2 <= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 4 >= (int4, int2) ,
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4, int2) ,
+  FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+-- Should fail. Not allowed to have cross-type equalimage function.
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree
+  ADD FUNCTION 4 (int4, int2) btequalimage(oid);
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree DROP FUNCTION 2 (int4, int4);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf18 USING btree;
+
+-- Should fail. Invalid opclass options function (#5) specifications.
+CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree;
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 5 test_opclass_options_func(internal, text[], bool);
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 5 (int4) btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 5 (int4, int2) btint42cmp(int4, int2);
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree ADD FUNCTION 5 (int4) test_opclass_options_func(internal); -- Ok
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree DROP FUNCTION 5 (int4, int4);
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY alt_opf19 USING btree;
+
+--
+-- Statistics
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE TABLE alt_regress_1 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER);
+CREATE STATISTICS alt_stat1 ON a, b FROM alt_regress_1;
+CREATE STATISTICS alt_stat2 ON a, b FROM alt_regress_1;
+
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat1 RENAME TO alt_stat2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat1 RENAME TO alt_stat3;   -- OK
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;    -- OK
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE TABLE alt_regress_2 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER);
+CREATE STATISTICS alt_stat1 ON a, b FROM alt_regress_2;
+CREATE STATISTICS alt_stat2 ON a, b FROM alt_regress_2;
+
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat3 RENAME TO alt_stat4;    -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat1 RENAME TO alt_stat4;    -- OK
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2; -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3; -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat3 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;		-- failed (not owner)
+ALTER STATISTICS alt_stat2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;		-- failed (name conflict)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT nspname, stxname, rolname
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+ WHERE s.stxnamespace = n.oid AND s.stxowner = a.oid
+   AND n.nspname in ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+ ORDER BY nspname, stxname;
+
+--
+-- Text Search Dictionary
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict1 (template=simple);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 (template=simple);
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict1 RENAME TO alt_ts_dict2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict1 RENAME TO alt_ts_dict3;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict1 (template=simple);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 (template=simple);
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict3 RENAME TO alt_ts_dict4;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict1 RENAME TO alt_ts_dict4;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict3 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY alt_ts_dict2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SELECT nspname, dictname, rolname
+  FROM pg_ts_dict t, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE t.dictnamespace = n.oid AND t.dictowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname in ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, dictname;
+
+--
+-- Text Search Configuration
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user1;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf1 (copy=english);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 (copy=english);
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf1 RENAME TO alt_ts_conf2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf1 RENAME TO alt_ts_conf3;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- OK
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_generic_user2;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf1 (copy=english);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 (copy=english);
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf3 RENAME TO alt_ts_conf4;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf1 RENAME TO alt_ts_conf4;  -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf3 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3;  -- failed (no role membership)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf3 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (not owner)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION alt_ts_conf2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;  -- failed (name conflict)
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SELECT nspname, cfgname, rolname
+  FROM pg_ts_config t, pg_namespace n, pg_authid a
+  WHERE t.cfgnamespace = n.oid AND t.cfgowner = a.oid
+    AND n.nspname in ('alt_nsp1', 'alt_nsp2')
+  ORDER BY nspname, cfgname;
+
+--
+-- Text Search Template
+--
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp1 (lexize=dsimple_lexize);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp2 (lexize=dsimple_lexize);
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp1 RENAME TO alt_ts_temp2; -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp1 RENAME TO alt_ts_temp3; -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;    -- OK
+
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp2 (lexize=dsimple_lexize);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE alt_ts_temp2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;    -- failed (name conflict)
+
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE tstemp_case ("Init" = init_function);
+
+SELECT nspname, tmplname
+  FROM pg_ts_template t, pg_namespace n
+  WHERE t.tmplnamespace = n.oid AND nspname like 'alt_nsp%'
+  ORDER BY nspname, tmplname;
+
+--
+-- Text Search Parser
+--
+
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs1
+    (start = prsd_start, gettoken = prsd_nexttoken, end = prsd_end, lextypes = prsd_lextype);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs2
+    (start = prsd_start, gettoken = prsd_nexttoken, end = prsd_end, lextypes = prsd_lextype);
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs1 RENAME TO alt_ts_prs2; -- failed (name conflict)
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs1 RENAME TO alt_ts_prs3; -- OK
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;   -- OK
+
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs2
+    (start = prsd_start, gettoken = prsd_nexttoken, end = prsd_end, lextypes = prsd_lextype);
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER alt_ts_prs2 SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2;   -- failed (name conflict)
+
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER tspars_case ("Start" = start_function);
+
+SELECT nspname, prsname
+  FROM pg_ts_parser t, pg_namespace n
+  WHERE t.prsnamespace = n.oid AND nspname like 'alt_nsp%'
+  ORDER BY nspname, prsname;
+
+---
+--- Cleanup resources
+---
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw2 CASCADE;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER alt_fdw3 CASCADE;
+
+DROP LANGUAGE alt_lang2 CASCADE;
+DROP LANGUAGE alt_lang3 CASCADE;
+
+DROP SCHEMA alt_nsp1 CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA alt_nsp2 CASCADE;
+
+DROP USER regress_alter_generic_user1;
+DROP USER regress_alter_generic_user2;
+DROP USER regress_alter_generic_user3;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/alter_operator.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/alter_operator.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd40370
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/alter_operator.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+CREATE FUNCTION alter_op_test_fn(boolean, boolean)
+RETURNS boolean AS $$ SELECT NULL::BOOLEAN; $$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION customcontsel(internal, oid, internal, integer)
+RETURNS float8 AS 'contsel' LANGUAGE internal STABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR === (
+    LEFTARG = boolean,
+    RIGHTARG = boolean,
+    PROCEDURE = alter_op_test_fn,
+    COMMUTATOR = ===,
+    NEGATOR = !==,
+    RESTRICT = customcontsel,
+    JOIN = contjoinsel,
+    HASHES, MERGES
+);
+
+SELECT pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as ref, deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_operator'::regclass AND
+      objid = '===(bool,bool)'::regoperator
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- Reset and set params
+--
+
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = NONE);
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (JOIN = NONE);
+
+SELECT oprrest, oprjoin FROM pg_operator WHERE oprname = '==='
+  AND oprleft = 'boolean'::regtype AND oprright = 'boolean'::regtype;
+
+SELECT pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as ref, deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_operator'::regclass AND
+      objid = '===(bool,bool)'::regoperator
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = contsel);
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (JOIN = contjoinsel);
+
+SELECT oprrest, oprjoin FROM pg_operator WHERE oprname = '==='
+  AND oprleft = 'boolean'::regtype AND oprright = 'boolean'::regtype;
+
+SELECT pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as ref, deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_operator'::regclass AND
+      objid = '===(bool,bool)'::regoperator
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = NONE, JOIN = NONE);
+
+SELECT oprrest, oprjoin FROM pg_operator WHERE oprname = '==='
+  AND oprleft = 'boolean'::regtype AND oprright = 'boolean'::regtype;
+
+SELECT pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as ref, deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_operator'::regclass AND
+      objid = '===(bool,bool)'::regoperator
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = customcontsel, JOIN = contjoinsel);
+
+SELECT oprrest, oprjoin FROM pg_operator WHERE oprname = '==='
+  AND oprleft = 'boolean'::regtype AND oprright = 'boolean'::regtype;
+
+SELECT pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as ref, deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_operator'::regclass AND
+      objid = '===(bool,bool)'::regoperator
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- Test invalid options.
+--
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (COMMUTATOR = ====);
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (NEGATOR = ====);
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = non_existent_func);
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (JOIN = non_existent_func);
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (COMMUTATOR = !==);
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (NEGATOR = !==);
+
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+ALTER OPERATOR & (bit, bit) SET ("Restrict" = _int_contsel, "Join" = _int_contjoinsel);
+
+--
+-- Test permission check. Must be owner to ALTER OPERATOR.
+--
+CREATE USER regress_alter_op_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alter_op_user;
+
+ALTER OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean) SET (RESTRICT = NONE);
+
+-- Clean up
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP USER regress_alter_op_user;
+DROP OPERATOR === (boolean, boolean);
+DROP FUNCTION customcontsel(internal, oid, internal, integer);
+DROP FUNCTION alter_op_test_fn(boolean, boolean);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/alter_table.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/alter_table.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eccd1b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/alter_table.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,3065 @@
+--
+-- ALTER_TABLE
+--
+
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_alter_table_user1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+CREATE USER regress_alter_table_user1;
+
+--
+-- add attribute
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE attmp (initial int4);
+
+COMMENT ON TABLE attmp_wrong IS 'table comment';
+COMMENT ON TABLE attmp IS 'table comment';
+COMMENT ON TABLE attmp IS NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN xmin integer; -- fails
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN a int4 default 3;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN b name;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN c text;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN d float8;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN e float4;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN f int2;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN g polygon;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN i char;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN k int4;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN l tid;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN m xid;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN n oidvector;
+
+--ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN o lock;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN p boolean;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN q point;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN r lseg;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN s path;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN t box;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN v timestamp;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN w interval;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN x float8[];
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN y float4[];
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN z int2[];
+
+INSERT INTO attmp (a, b, c, d, e, f, g,    i,    k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
+	v, w, x, y, z)
+   VALUES (4, 'name', 'text', 4.1, 4.1, 2, '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+	'c',
+	314159, '(1,1)', '512',
+	'1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8', true, '(1.1,1.1)', '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+	'(0,2,4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)', '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+	'epoch', '01:00:10', '{1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0}', '{1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0}', '{1,2,3,4}');
+
+SELECT * FROM attmp;
+
+DROP TABLE attmp;
+
+-- the wolf bug - schema mods caused inconsistent row descriptors
+CREATE TABLE attmp (
+	initial 	int4
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN a int4;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN b name;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN c text;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN d float8;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN e float4;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN f int2;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN g polygon;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN i char;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN k int4;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN l tid;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN m xid;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN n oidvector;
+
+--ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN o lock;
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN p boolean;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN q point;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN r lseg;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN s path;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN t box;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN v timestamp;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN w interval;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN x float8[];
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN y float4[];
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp ADD COLUMN z int2[];
+
+INSERT INTO attmp (a, b, c, d, e, f, g,    i,   k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
+	v, w, x, y, z)
+   VALUES (4, 'name', 'text', 4.1, 4.1, 2, '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+        'c',
+	314159, '(1,1)', '512',
+	'1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8', true, '(1.1,1.1)', '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+	'(0,2,4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)', '(4.1,4.1,3.1,3.1)',
+	'epoch', '01:00:10', '{1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0}', '{1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0}', '{1,2,3,4}');
+
+SELECT * FROM attmp;
+
+CREATE INDEX attmp_idx ON attmp (a, (d + e), b);
+
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 0 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 1 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 2 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+
+\d+ attmp_idx
+
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 3 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 4 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+
+ALTER INDEX attmp_idx ALTER COLUMN 2 SET STATISTICS -1;
+
+DROP TABLE attmp;
+
+
+--
+-- rename - check on both non-temp and temp tables
+--
+CREATE TABLE attmp (regtable int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE attmp (attmptable int);
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp RENAME TO attmp_new;
+
+SELECT * FROM attmp;
+SELECT * FROM attmp_new;
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp RENAME TO attmp_new2;
+
+SELECT * FROM attmp;		-- should fail
+SELECT * FROM attmp_new;
+SELECT * FROM attmp_new2;
+
+DROP TABLE attmp_new;
+DROP TABLE attmp_new2;
+
+-- check rename of partitioned tables and indexes also
+CREATE TABLE part_attmp (a int primary key) partition by range (a);
+CREATE TABLE part_attmp1 PARTITION OF part_attmp FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100);
+ALTER INDEX part_attmp_pkey RENAME TO part_attmp_index;
+ALTER INDEX part_attmp1_pkey RENAME TO part_attmp1_index;
+ALTER TABLE part_attmp RENAME TO part_at2tmp;
+ALTER TABLE part_attmp1 RENAME TO part_at2tmp1;
+SET ROLE regress_alter_table_user1;
+ALTER INDEX part_attmp_index RENAME TO fail;
+ALTER INDEX part_attmp1_index RENAME TO fail;
+ALTER TABLE part_at2tmp RENAME TO fail;
+ALTER TABLE part_at2tmp1 RENAME TO fail;
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP TABLE part_at2tmp;
+
+--
+-- check renaming to a table's array type's autogenerated name
+-- (the array type's name should get out of the way)
+--
+CREATE TABLE attmp_array (id int);
+CREATE TABLE attmp_array2 (id int);
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = 'attmp_array[]'::regtype;
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = 'attmp_array2[]'::regtype;
+ALTER TABLE attmp_array2 RENAME TO _attmp_array;
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = 'attmp_array[]'::regtype;
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = '_attmp_array[]'::regtype;
+DROP TABLE _attmp_array;
+DROP TABLE attmp_array;
+
+-- renaming to table's own array type's name is an interesting corner case
+CREATE TABLE attmp_array (id int);
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = 'attmp_array[]'::regtype;
+ALTER TABLE attmp_array RENAME TO _attmp_array;
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE oid = '_attmp_array[]'::regtype;
+DROP TABLE _attmp_array;
+
+-- ALTER TABLE ... RENAME on non-table relations
+-- renaming indexes (FIXME: this should probably test the index's functionality)
+ALTER INDEX IF EXISTS __onek_unique1 RENAME TO attmp_onek_unique1;
+ALTER INDEX IF EXISTS __attmp_onek_unique1 RENAME TO onek_unique1;
+
+ALTER INDEX onek_unique1 RENAME TO attmp_onek_unique1;
+ALTER INDEX attmp_onek_unique1 RENAME TO onek_unique1;
+
+SET ROLE regress_alter_table_user1;
+ALTER INDEX onek_unique1 RENAME TO fail;  -- permission denied
+RESET ROLE;
+
+-- rename statements with mismatching statement and object types
+CREATE TABLE alter_idx_rename_test (a INT);
+CREATE INDEX alter_idx_rename_test_idx ON alter_idx_rename_test (a);
+CREATE TABLE alter_idx_rename_test_parted (a INT) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE INDEX alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx ON alter_idx_rename_test_parted (a);
+BEGIN;
+ALTER INDEX alter_idx_rename_test RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_2;
+ALTER INDEX alter_idx_rename_test_parted RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_parted_2;
+SELECT relation::regclass, mode FROM pg_locks
+WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() AND locktype = 'relation'
+  AND relation::regclass::text LIKE 'alter\_idx%'
+ORDER BY relation::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+ALTER INDEX alter_idx_rename_test_idx RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_idx_2;
+ALTER INDEX alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx_2;
+SELECT relation::regclass, mode FROM pg_locks
+WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() AND locktype = 'relation'
+  AND relation::regclass::text LIKE 'alter\_idx%'
+ORDER BY relation::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE alter_idx_rename_test_idx_2 RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_idx_3;
+ALTER TABLE alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx_2 RENAME TO alter_idx_rename_test_parted_idx_3;
+SELECT relation::regclass, mode FROM pg_locks
+WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() AND locktype = 'relation'
+  AND relation::regclass::text LIKE 'alter\_idx%'
+ORDER BY relation::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE alter_idx_rename_test_2;
+
+-- renaming views
+CREATE VIEW attmp_view (unique1) AS SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1;
+ALTER TABLE attmp_view RENAME TO attmp_view_new;
+
+SET ROLE regress_alter_table_user1;
+ALTER VIEW attmp_view_new RENAME TO fail;  -- permission denied
+RESET ROLE;
+
+-- hack to ensure we get an indexscan here
+set enable_seqscan to off;
+set enable_bitmapscan to off;
+-- 5 values, sorted
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 5;
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+
+DROP VIEW attmp_view_new;
+-- toast-like relation name
+alter table stud_emp rename to pg_toast_stud_emp;
+alter table pg_toast_stud_emp rename to stud_emp;
+
+-- renaming index should rename constraint as well
+ALTER TABLE onek ADD CONSTRAINT onek_unique1_constraint UNIQUE (unique1);
+ALTER INDEX onek_unique1_constraint RENAME TO onek_unique1_constraint_foo;
+ALTER TABLE onek DROP CONSTRAINT onek_unique1_constraint_foo;
+
+-- renaming constraint
+ALTER TABLE onek ADD CONSTRAINT onek_check_constraint CHECK (unique1 >= 0);
+ALTER TABLE onek RENAME CONSTRAINT onek_check_constraint TO onek_check_constraint_foo;
+ALTER TABLE onek DROP CONSTRAINT onek_check_constraint_foo;
+
+-- renaming constraint should rename index as well
+ALTER TABLE onek ADD CONSTRAINT onek_unique1_constraint UNIQUE (unique1);
+DROP INDEX onek_unique1_constraint;  -- to see whether it's there
+ALTER TABLE onek RENAME CONSTRAINT onek_unique1_constraint TO onek_unique1_constraint_foo;
+DROP INDEX onek_unique1_constraint_foo;  -- to see whether it's there
+ALTER TABLE onek DROP CONSTRAINT onek_unique1_constraint_foo;
+
+-- renaming constraints vs. inheritance
+CREATE TABLE constraint_rename_test (a int CONSTRAINT con1 CHECK (a > 0), b int, c int);
+\d constraint_rename_test
+CREATE TABLE constraint_rename_test2 (a int CONSTRAINT con1 CHECK (a > 0), d int) INHERITS (constraint_rename_test);
+\d constraint_rename_test2
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test2 RENAME CONSTRAINT con1 TO con1foo; -- fail
+ALTER TABLE ONLY constraint_rename_test RENAME CONSTRAINT con1 TO con1foo; -- fail
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test RENAME CONSTRAINT con1 TO con1foo; -- ok
+\d constraint_rename_test
+\d constraint_rename_test2
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test ADD CONSTRAINT con2 CHECK (b > 0) NO INHERIT;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY constraint_rename_test RENAME CONSTRAINT con2 TO con2foo; -- ok
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test RENAME CONSTRAINT con2foo TO con2bar; -- ok
+\d constraint_rename_test
+\d constraint_rename_test2
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test ADD CONSTRAINT con3 PRIMARY KEY (a);
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_test RENAME CONSTRAINT con3 TO con3foo; -- ok
+\d constraint_rename_test
+\d constraint_rename_test2
+DROP TABLE constraint_rename_test2;
+DROP TABLE constraint_rename_test;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS constraint_not_exist RENAME CONSTRAINT con3 TO con3foo; -- ok
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS constraint_rename_test ADD CONSTRAINT con4 UNIQUE (a);
+
+-- renaming constraints with cache reset of target relation
+CREATE TABLE constraint_rename_cache (a int,
+  CONSTRAINT chk_a CHECK (a > 0),
+  PRIMARY KEY (a));
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_cache
+  RENAME CONSTRAINT chk_a TO chk_a_new;
+ALTER TABLE constraint_rename_cache
+  RENAME CONSTRAINT constraint_rename_cache_pkey TO constraint_rename_pkey_new;
+CREATE TABLE like_constraint_rename_cache
+  (LIKE constraint_rename_cache INCLUDING ALL);
+\d like_constraint_rename_cache
+DROP TABLE constraint_rename_cache;
+DROP TABLE like_constraint_rename_cache;
+
+-- FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT adding TEST
+
+CREATE TABLE attmp2 (a int primary key);
+
+CREATE TABLE attmp3 (a int, b int);
+
+CREATE TABLE attmp4 (a int, b int, unique(a,b));
+
+CREATE TABLE attmp5 (a int, b int);
+
+-- Insert rows into attmp2 (pktable)
+INSERT INTO attmp2 values (1);
+INSERT INTO attmp2 values (2);
+INSERT INTO attmp2 values (3);
+INSERT INTO attmp2 values (4);
+
+-- Insert rows into attmp3
+INSERT INTO attmp3 values (1,10);
+INSERT INTO attmp3 values (1,20);
+INSERT INTO attmp3 values (5,50);
+
+-- Try (and fail) to add constraint due to invalid source columns
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key(c) references attmp2 match full;
+
+-- Try (and fail) to add constraint due to invalid destination columns explicitly given
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key(a) references attmp2(b) match full;
+
+-- Try (and fail) to add constraint due to invalid data
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key (a) references attmp2 match full;
+
+-- Delete failing row
+DELETE FROM attmp3 where a=5;
+
+-- Try (and succeed)
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key (a) references attmp2 match full;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 drop constraint attmpconstr;
+
+INSERT INTO attmp3 values (5,50);
+
+-- Try NOT VALID and then VALIDATE CONSTRAINT, but fails. Delete failure then re-validate
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key (a) references attmp2 match full NOT VALID;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 validate constraint attmpconstr;
+
+-- Delete failing row
+DELETE FROM attmp3 where a=5;
+
+-- Try (and succeed) and repeat to show it works on already valid constraint
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 validate constraint attmpconstr;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 validate constraint attmpconstr;
+
+-- Try a non-verified CHECK constraint
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 ADD CONSTRAINT b_greater_than_ten CHECK (b > 10); -- fail
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 ADD CONSTRAINT b_greater_than_ten CHECK (b > 10) NOT VALID; -- succeeds
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT b_greater_than_ten; -- fails
+DELETE FROM attmp3 WHERE NOT b > 10;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT b_greater_than_ten; -- succeeds
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT b_greater_than_ten; -- succeeds
+
+-- Test inherited NOT VALID CHECK constraints
+select * from attmp3;
+CREATE TABLE attmp6 () INHERITS (attmp3);
+CREATE TABLE attmp7 () INHERITS (attmp3);
+
+INSERT INTO attmp6 VALUES (6, 30), (7, 16);
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 ADD CONSTRAINT b_le_20 CHECK (b <= 20) NOT VALID;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT b_le_20;	-- fails
+DELETE FROM attmp6 WHERE b > 20;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT b_le_20;	-- succeeds
+
+-- An already validated constraint must not be revalidated
+CREATE FUNCTION boo(int) RETURNS int IMMUTABLE STRICT LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ BEGIN RAISE NOTICE 'boo: %', $1; RETURN $1; END; $$;
+INSERT INTO attmp7 VALUES (8, 18);
+ALTER TABLE attmp7 ADD CONSTRAINT identity CHECK (b = boo(b));
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 ADD CONSTRAINT IDENTITY check (b = boo(b)) NOT VALID;
+ALTER TABLE attmp3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT identity;
+
+-- A NO INHERIT constraint should not be looked for in children during VALIDATE CONSTRAINT
+create table parent_noinh_convalid (a int);
+create table child_noinh_convalid () inherits (parent_noinh_convalid);
+insert into parent_noinh_convalid values (1);
+insert into child_noinh_convalid values (1);
+alter table parent_noinh_convalid add constraint check_a_is_2 check (a = 2) no inherit not valid;
+-- fail, because of the row in parent
+alter table parent_noinh_convalid validate constraint check_a_is_2;
+delete from only parent_noinh_convalid;
+-- ok (parent itself contains no violating rows)
+alter table parent_noinh_convalid validate constraint check_a_is_2;
+select convalidated from pg_constraint where conrelid = 'parent_noinh_convalid'::regclass and conname = 'check_a_is_2';
+-- cleanup
+drop table parent_noinh_convalid, child_noinh_convalid;
+
+-- Try (and fail) to create constraint from attmp5(a) to attmp4(a) - unique constraint on
+-- attmp4 is a,b
+
+ALTER TABLE attmp5 add constraint attmpconstr foreign key(a) references attmp4(a) match full;
+
+DROP TABLE attmp7;
+
+DROP TABLE attmp6;
+
+DROP TABLE attmp5;
+
+DROP TABLE attmp4;
+
+DROP TABLE attmp3;
+
+DROP TABLE attmp2;
+
+-- NOT VALID with plan invalidation -- ensure we don't use a constraint for
+-- exclusion until validated
+set constraint_exclusion TO 'partition';
+create table nv_parent (d date, check (false) no inherit not valid);
+-- not valid constraint added at creation time should automatically become valid
+\d nv_parent
+
+create table nv_child_2010 () inherits (nv_parent);
+create table nv_child_2011 () inherits (nv_parent);
+alter table nv_child_2010 add check (d between '2010-01-01'::date and '2010-12-31'::date) not valid;
+alter table nv_child_2011 add check (d between '2011-01-01'::date and '2011-12-31'::date) not valid;
+explain (costs off) select * from nv_parent where d between '2011-08-01' and '2011-08-31';
+create table nv_child_2009 (check (d between '2009-01-01'::date and '2009-12-31'::date)) inherits (nv_parent);
+explain (costs off) select * from nv_parent where d between '2011-08-01'::date and '2011-08-31'::date;
+explain (costs off) select * from nv_parent where d between '2009-08-01'::date and '2009-08-31'::date;
+-- after validation, the constraint should be used
+alter table nv_child_2011 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT nv_child_2011_d_check;
+explain (costs off) select * from nv_parent where d between '2009-08-01'::date and '2009-08-31'::date;
+
+-- add an inherited NOT VALID constraint
+alter table nv_parent add check (d between '2001-01-01'::date and '2099-12-31'::date) not valid;
+\d nv_child_2009
+-- we leave nv_parent and children around to help test pg_dump logic
+
+-- Foreign key adding test with mixed types
+
+-- Note: these tables are TEMP to avoid name conflicts when this test
+-- is run in parallel with foreign_key.sql.
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES(42);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 inet);
+-- This next should fail, because int=inet does not exist
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) references pktable;
+-- This should also fail for the same reason, but here we
+-- give the column name
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) references pktable(ptest1);
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- This should succeed, even though they are different types,
+-- because int=int8 exists and is a member of the integer opfamily
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int8);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) references pktable;
+-- Check it actually works
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(42);		-- should succeed
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(43);		-- should fail
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- This should fail, because we'd have to cast numeric to int which is
+-- not an implicit coercion (or use numeric=numeric, but that's not part
+-- of the integer opfamily)
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 numeric);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) references pktable;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- On the other hand, this should work because int implicitly promotes to
+-- numeric, and we allow promotion on the FK side
+CREATE TEMP TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 numeric PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES(42);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) references pktable;
+-- Check it actually works
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(42);		-- should succeed
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(43);		-- should fail
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet,
+                           PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2));
+-- This should fail, because we just chose really odd types
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 timestamp);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) references pktable;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- Again, so should this...
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 timestamp);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2)
+     references pktable(ptest1, ptest2);
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- This fails because we mixed up the column ordering
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2)
+     references pktable(ptest2, ptest1);
+-- As does this...
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1)
+     references pktable(ptest1, ptest2);
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+-- Test that ALTER CONSTRAINT updates trigger deferrability properly
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int primary key);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int);
+
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fknd FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION NOT DEFERRABLE;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fkdd FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fkdi FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE;
+
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fknd2 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ALTER CONSTRAINT fknd2 NOT DEFERRABLE;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fkdd2 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION NOT DEFERRABLE;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ALTER CONSTRAINT fkdd2 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD CONSTRAINT fkdi2 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1) REFERENCES pktable
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION NOT DEFERRABLE;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ALTER CONSTRAINT fkdi2 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE;
+
+SELECT conname, tgfoid::regproc, tgtype, tgdeferrable, tginitdeferred
+FROM pg_trigger JOIN pg_constraint con ON con.oid = tgconstraint
+WHERE tgrelid = 'pktable'::regclass
+ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+SELECT conname, tgfoid::regproc, tgtype, tgdeferrable, tginitdeferred
+FROM pg_trigger JOIN pg_constraint con ON con.oid = tgconstraint
+WHERE tgrelid = 'fktable'::regclass
+ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+
+-- temp tables should go away by themselves, need not drop them.
+
+-- test check constraint adding
+
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- add a check constraint
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 check (test>3);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- should succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (4);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- let's do one where the check fails when added
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- insert a soon to be failing row
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- add a check constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 check (test>3);
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (4);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- let's do one where the check fails because the column doesn't exist
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- add a check constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 check (test1>3);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- something a little more complicated
+create table atacc1 ( test int, test2 int, test3 int);
+-- add a check constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 check (test+test2<test3*4);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2,test3) values (4,4,2);
+-- should succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2,test3) values (4,4,5);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- lets do some naming tests
+create table atacc1 (test int check (test>3), test2 int);
+alter table atacc1 add check (test2>test);
+-- should fail for $2
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (3, 4);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- inheritance related tests
+create table atacc1 (test int);
+create table atacc2 (test2 int);
+create table atacc3 (test3 int) inherits (atacc1, atacc2);
+alter table atacc2 add constraint foo check (test2>0);
+-- fail and then succeed on atacc2
+insert into atacc2 (test2) values (-3);
+insert into atacc2 (test2) values (3);
+-- fail and then succeed on atacc3
+insert into atacc3 (test2) values (-3);
+insert into atacc3 (test2) values (3);
+drop table atacc3;
+drop table atacc2;
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- same things with one created with INHERIT
+create table atacc1 (test int);
+create table atacc2 (test2 int);
+create table atacc3 (test3 int) inherits (atacc1, atacc2);
+alter table atacc3 no inherit atacc2;
+-- fail
+alter table atacc3 no inherit atacc2;
+-- make sure it really isn't a child
+insert into atacc3 (test2) values (3);
+select test2 from atacc2;
+-- fail due to missing constraint
+alter table atacc2 add constraint foo check (test2>0);
+alter table atacc3 inherit atacc2;
+-- fail due to missing column
+alter table atacc3 rename test2 to testx;
+alter table atacc3 inherit atacc2;
+-- fail due to mismatched data type
+alter table atacc3 add test2 bool;
+alter table atacc3 inherit atacc2;
+alter table atacc3 drop test2;
+-- succeed
+alter table atacc3 add test2 int;
+update atacc3 set test2 = 4 where test2 is null;
+alter table atacc3 add constraint foo check (test2>0);
+alter table atacc3 inherit atacc2;
+-- fail due to duplicates and circular inheritance
+alter table atacc3 inherit atacc2;
+alter table atacc2 inherit atacc3;
+alter table atacc2 inherit atacc2;
+-- test that we really are a child now (should see 4 not 3 and cascade should go through)
+select test2 from atacc2;
+drop table atacc2 cascade;
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- adding only to a parent is allowed as of 9.2
+
+create table atacc1 (test int);
+create table atacc2 (test2 int) inherits (atacc1);
+-- ok:
+alter table atacc1 add constraint foo check (test>0) no inherit;
+-- check constraint is not there on child
+insert into atacc2 (test) values (-3);
+-- check constraint is there on parent
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (-3);
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (3);
+-- fail, violating row:
+alter table atacc2 add constraint foo check (test>0) no inherit;
+drop table atacc2;
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- test unique constraint adding
+
+create table atacc1 ( test int ) ;
+-- add a unique constraint
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 unique (test);
+-- insert first value
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- should succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (4);
+-- try to create duplicates via alter table using - should fail
+alter table atacc1 alter column test type integer using 0;
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- let's do one where the unique constraint fails when added
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- insert soon to be failing rows
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- add a unique constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 unique (test);
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (3);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- let's do one where the unique constraint fails
+-- because the column doesn't exist
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- add a unique constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 unique (test1);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- something a little more complicated
+create table atacc1 ( test int, test2 int);
+-- add a unique constraint
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 unique (test, test2);
+-- insert initial value
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,4);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,4);
+-- should all succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,5);
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (5,4);
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (5,5);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- lets do some naming tests
+create table atacc1 (test int, test2 int, unique(test));
+alter table atacc1 add unique (test2);
+-- should fail for @@ second one @@
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (3, 3);
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (2, 3);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- test primary key constraint adding
+
+create table atacc1 ( id serial, test int) ;
+-- add a primary key constraint
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 primary key (test);
+-- insert first value
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- should succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (4);
+-- inserting NULL should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test) values(NULL);
+-- try adding a second primary key (should fail)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_oid1 primary key(id);
+-- drop first primary key constraint
+alter table atacc1 drop constraint atacc_test1 restrict;
+-- try adding a primary key on oid (should succeed)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_oid1 primary key(id);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- let's do one where the primary key constraint fails when added
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- insert soon to be failing rows
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
+-- add a primary key (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 primary key (test);
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (3);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- let's do another one where the primary key constraint fails when added
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- insert soon to be failing row
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (NULL);
+-- add a primary key (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 primary key (test);
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (3);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- let's do one where the primary key constraint fails
+-- because the column doesn't exist
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+-- add a primary key constraint (fails)
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 primary key (test1);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- adding a new column as primary key to a non-empty table.
+-- should fail unless the column has a non-null default value.
+create table atacc1 ( test int );
+insert into atacc1 (test) values (0);
+-- add a primary key column without a default (fails).
+alter table atacc1 add column test2 int primary key;
+-- now add a primary key column with a default (succeeds).
+alter table atacc1 add column test2 int default 0 primary key;
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- this combination used to have order-of-execution problems (bug #15580)
+create table atacc1 (a int);
+insert into atacc1 values(1);
+alter table atacc1
+  add column b float8 not null default random(),
+  add primary key(a);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- additionally, we've seen issues with foreign key validation not being
+-- properly delayed until after a table rewrite.  Check that works ok.
+create table atacc1 (a int primary key);
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_fkey foreign key (a) references atacc1 (a) not valid;
+alter table atacc1 validate constraint atacc1_fkey, alter a type bigint;
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- we've also seen issues with check constraints being validated at the wrong
+-- time when there's a pending table rewrite.
+create table atacc1 (a bigint, b int);
+insert into atacc1 values(1,1);
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_chk check(b = 1) not valid;
+alter table atacc1 validate constraint atacc1_chk, alter a type int;
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- same as above, but ensure the constraint violation is detected
+create table atacc1 (a bigint, b int);
+insert into atacc1 values(1,2);
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_chk check(b = 1) not valid;
+alter table atacc1 validate constraint atacc1_chk, alter a type int;
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- something a little more complicated
+create table atacc1 ( test int, test2 int);
+-- add a primary key constraint
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 primary key (test, test2);
+-- try adding a second primary key - should fail
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test2 primary key (test);
+-- insert initial value
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,4);
+-- should fail
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,4);
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (NULL,3);
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (3, NULL);
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (NULL,NULL);
+-- should all succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (4,5);
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (5,4);
+insert into atacc1 (test,test2) values (5,5);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- lets do some naming tests
+create table atacc1 (test int, test2 int, primary key(test));
+-- only first should succeed
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (3, 3);
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (2, 3);
+insert into atacc1 (test2, test) values (1, NULL);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- alter table / alter column [set/drop] not null tests
+-- try altering system catalogs, should fail
+alter table pg_class alter column relname drop not null;
+alter table pg_class alter relname set not null;
+
+-- try altering non-existent table, should fail
+alter table non_existent alter column bar set not null;
+alter table non_existent alter column bar drop not null;
+
+-- test setting columns to null and not null and vice versa
+-- test checking for null values and primary key
+create table atacc1 (test int not null);
+alter table atacc1 add constraint "atacc1_pkey" primary key (test);
+alter table atacc1 alter column test drop not null;
+alter table atacc1 drop constraint "atacc1_pkey";
+alter table atacc1 alter column test drop not null;
+insert into atacc1 values (null);
+alter table atacc1 alter test set not null;
+delete from atacc1;
+alter table atacc1 alter test set not null;
+
+-- try altering a non-existent column, should fail
+alter table atacc1 alter bar set not null;
+alter table atacc1 alter bar drop not null;
+
+-- try creating a view and altering that, should fail
+create view myview as select * from atacc1;
+alter table myview alter column test drop not null;
+alter table myview alter column test set not null;
+drop view myview;
+
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- set not null verified by constraints
+create table atacc1 (test_a int, test_b int);
+insert into atacc1 values (null, 1);
+-- constraint not cover all values, should fail
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_constr_or check(test_a is not null or test_b < 10);
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a set not null;
+alter table atacc1 drop constraint atacc1_constr_or;
+-- not valid constraint, should fail
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_constr_invalid check(test_a is not null) not valid;
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a set not null;
+alter table atacc1 drop constraint atacc1_constr_invalid;
+-- with valid constraint
+update atacc1 set test_a = 1;
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_constr_a_valid check(test_a is not null);
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a set not null;
+delete from atacc1;
+
+insert into atacc1 values (2, null);
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a drop not null;
+-- test multiple set not null at same time
+-- test_a checked by atacc1_constr_a_valid, test_b should fail by table scan
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a set not null, alter test_b set not null;
+-- commands order has no importance
+alter table atacc1 alter test_b set not null, alter test_a set not null;
+
+-- valid one by table scan, one by check constraints
+update atacc1 set test_b = 1;
+alter table atacc1 alter test_b set not null, alter test_a set not null;
+
+alter table atacc1 alter test_a drop not null, alter test_b drop not null;
+-- both column has check constraints
+alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc1_constr_b_valid check(test_b is not null);
+alter table atacc1 alter test_b set not null, alter test_a set not null;
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- test inheritance
+create table parent (a int);
+create table child (b varchar(255)) inherits (parent);
+
+alter table parent alter a set not null;
+insert into parent values (NULL);
+insert into child (a, b) values (NULL, 'foo');
+alter table parent alter a drop not null;
+insert into parent values (NULL);
+insert into child (a, b) values (NULL, 'foo');
+alter table only parent alter a set not null;
+alter table child alter a set not null;
+delete from parent;
+alter table only parent alter a set not null;
+insert into parent values (NULL);
+alter table child alter a set not null;
+insert into child (a, b) values (NULL, 'foo');
+delete from child;
+alter table child alter a set not null;
+insert into child (a, b) values (NULL, 'foo');
+drop table child;
+drop table parent;
+
+-- test setting and removing default values
+create table def_test (
+	c1	int4 default 5,
+	c2	text default 'initial_default'
+);
+insert into def_test default values;
+alter table def_test alter column c1 drop default;
+insert into def_test default values;
+alter table def_test alter column c2 drop default;
+insert into def_test default values;
+alter table def_test alter column c1 set default 10;
+alter table def_test alter column c2 set default 'new_default';
+insert into def_test default values;
+select * from def_test;
+
+-- set defaults to an incorrect type: this should fail
+alter table def_test alter column c1 set default 'wrong_datatype';
+alter table def_test alter column c2 set default 20;
+
+-- set defaults on a non-existent column: this should fail
+alter table def_test alter column c3 set default 30;
+
+-- set defaults on views: we need to create a view, add a rule
+-- to allow insertions into it, and then alter the view to add
+-- a default
+create view def_view_test as select * from def_test;
+create rule def_view_test_ins as
+	on insert to def_view_test
+	do instead insert into def_test select new.*;
+insert into def_view_test default values;
+alter table def_view_test alter column c1 set default 45;
+insert into def_view_test default values;
+alter table def_view_test alter column c2 set default 'view_default';
+insert into def_view_test default values;
+select * from def_view_test;
+
+drop rule def_view_test_ins on def_view_test;
+drop view def_view_test;
+drop table def_test;
+
+-- alter table / drop column tests
+-- try altering system catalogs, should fail
+alter table pg_class drop column relname;
+
+-- try altering non-existent table, should fail
+alter table nosuchtable drop column bar;
+
+-- test dropping columns
+create table atacc1 (a int4 not null, b int4, c int4 not null, d int4);
+insert into atacc1 values (1, 2, 3, 4);
+alter table atacc1 drop a;
+alter table atacc1 drop a;
+
+-- SELECTs
+select * from atacc1;
+select * from atacc1 order by a;
+select * from atacc1 order by "........pg.dropped.1........";
+select * from atacc1 group by a;
+select * from atacc1 group by "........pg.dropped.1........";
+select atacc1.* from atacc1;
+select a from atacc1;
+select atacc1.a from atacc1;
+select b,c,d from atacc1;
+select a,b,c,d from atacc1;
+select * from atacc1 where a = 1;
+select "........pg.dropped.1........" from atacc1;
+select atacc1."........pg.dropped.1........" from atacc1;
+select "........pg.dropped.1........",b,c,d from atacc1;
+select * from atacc1 where "........pg.dropped.1........" = 1;
+
+-- UPDATEs
+update atacc1 set a = 3;
+update atacc1 set b = 2 where a = 3;
+update atacc1 set "........pg.dropped.1........" = 3;
+update atacc1 set b = 2 where "........pg.dropped.1........" = 3;
+
+-- INSERTs
+insert into atacc1 values (10, 11, 12, 13);
+insert into atacc1 values (default, 11, 12, 13);
+insert into atacc1 values (11, 12, 13);
+insert into atacc1 (a) values (10);
+insert into atacc1 (a) values (default);
+insert into atacc1 (a,b,c,d) values (10,11,12,13);
+insert into atacc1 (a,b,c,d) values (default,11,12,13);
+insert into atacc1 (b,c,d) values (11,12,13);
+insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........") values (10);
+insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........") values (default);
+insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........",b,c,d) values (10,11,12,13);
+insert into atacc1 ("........pg.dropped.1........",b,c,d) values (default,11,12,13);
+
+-- DELETEs
+delete from atacc1 where a = 3;
+delete from atacc1 where "........pg.dropped.1........" = 3;
+delete from atacc1;
+
+-- try dropping a non-existent column, should fail
+alter table atacc1 drop bar;
+
+-- try removing an oid column, should succeed (as it's nonexistent)
+alter table atacc1 SET WITHOUT OIDS;
+
+-- try adding an oid column, should fail (not supported)
+alter table atacc1 SET WITH OIDS;
+
+-- try dropping the xmin column, should fail
+alter table atacc1 drop xmin;
+
+-- try creating a view and altering that, should fail
+create view myview as select * from atacc1;
+select * from myview;
+alter table myview drop d;
+drop view myview;
+
+-- test some commands to make sure they fail on the dropped column
+analyze atacc1(a);
+analyze atacc1("........pg.dropped.1........");
+vacuum analyze atacc1(a);
+vacuum analyze atacc1("........pg.dropped.1........");
+comment on column atacc1.a is 'testing';
+comment on column atacc1."........pg.dropped.1........" is 'testing';
+alter table atacc1 alter a set storage plain;
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" set storage plain;
+alter table atacc1 alter a set statistics 0;
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" set statistics 0;
+alter table atacc1 alter a set default 3;
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" set default 3;
+alter table atacc1 alter a drop default;
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" drop default;
+alter table atacc1 alter a set not null;
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" set not null;
+alter table atacc1 alter a drop not null;
+alter table atacc1 alter "........pg.dropped.1........" drop not null;
+alter table atacc1 rename a to x;
+alter table atacc1 rename "........pg.dropped.1........" to x;
+alter table atacc1 add primary key(a);
+alter table atacc1 add primary key("........pg.dropped.1........");
+alter table atacc1 add unique(a);
+alter table atacc1 add unique("........pg.dropped.1........");
+alter table atacc1 add check (a > 3);
+alter table atacc1 add check ("........pg.dropped.1........" > 3);
+create table atacc2 (id int4 unique);
+alter table atacc1 add foreign key (a) references atacc2(id);
+alter table atacc1 add foreign key ("........pg.dropped.1........") references atacc2(id);
+alter table atacc2 add foreign key (id) references atacc1(a);
+alter table atacc2 add foreign key (id) references atacc1("........pg.dropped.1........");
+drop table atacc2;
+create index "testing_idx" on atacc1(a);
+create index "testing_idx" on atacc1("........pg.dropped.1........");
+
+-- test create as and select into
+insert into atacc1 values (21, 22, 23);
+create table attest1 as select * from atacc1;
+select * from attest1;
+drop table attest1;
+select * into attest2 from atacc1;
+select * from attest2;
+drop table attest2;
+
+-- try dropping all columns
+alter table atacc1 drop c;
+alter table atacc1 drop d;
+alter table atacc1 drop b;
+select * from atacc1;
+
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- test constraint error reporting in presence of dropped columns
+create table atacc1 (id serial primary key, value int check (value < 10));
+insert into atacc1(value) values (100);
+alter table atacc1 drop column value;
+alter table atacc1 add column value int check (value < 10);
+insert into atacc1(value) values (100);
+insert into atacc1(id, value) values (null, 0);
+drop table atacc1;
+
+-- test inheritance
+create table parent (a int, b int, c int);
+insert into parent values (1, 2, 3);
+alter table parent drop a;
+create table child (d varchar(255)) inherits (parent);
+insert into child values (12, 13, 'testing');
+
+select * from parent;
+select * from child;
+alter table parent drop c;
+select * from parent;
+select * from child;
+
+drop table child;
+drop table parent;
+
+-- check error cases for inheritance column merging
+create table parent (a float8, b numeric(10,4), c text collate "C");
+
+create table child (a float4) inherits (parent); -- fail
+create table child (b decimal(10,7)) inherits (parent); -- fail
+create table child (c text collate "POSIX") inherits (parent); -- fail
+create table child (a double precision, b decimal(10,4)) inherits (parent);
+
+drop table child;
+drop table parent;
+
+-- test copy in/out
+create table attest (a int4, b int4, c int4);
+insert into attest values (1,2,3);
+alter table attest drop a;
+copy attest to stdout;
+copy attest(a) to stdout;
+copy attest("........pg.dropped.1........") to stdout;
+copy attest from stdin;
+10	11	12
+\.
+select * from attest;
+copy attest from stdin;
+21	22
+\.
+select * from attest;
+copy attest(a) from stdin;
+copy attest("........pg.dropped.1........") from stdin;
+copy attest(b,c) from stdin;
+31	32
+\.
+select * from attest;
+drop table attest;
+
+-- test inheritance
+
+create table dropColumn (a int, b int, e int);
+create table dropColumnChild (c int) inherits (dropColumn);
+create table dropColumnAnother (d int) inherits (dropColumnChild);
+
+-- these two should fail
+alter table dropColumnchild drop column a;
+alter table only dropColumnChild drop column b;
+
+
+
+-- these three should work
+alter table only dropColumn drop column e;
+alter table dropColumnChild drop column c;
+alter table dropColumn drop column a;
+
+create table renameColumn (a int);
+create table renameColumnChild (b int) inherits (renameColumn);
+create table renameColumnAnother (c int) inherits (renameColumnChild);
+
+-- these three should fail
+alter table renameColumnChild rename column a to d;
+alter table only renameColumnChild rename column a to d;
+alter table only renameColumn rename column a to d;
+
+-- these should work
+alter table renameColumn rename column a to d;
+alter table renameColumnChild rename column b to a;
+
+-- these should work
+alter table if exists doesnt_exist_tab rename column a to d;
+alter table if exists doesnt_exist_tab rename column b to a;
+
+-- this should work
+alter table renameColumn add column w int;
+
+-- this should fail
+alter table only renameColumn add column x int;
+
+
+-- Test corner cases in dropping of inherited columns
+
+create table p1 (f1 int, f2 int);
+create table c1 (f1 int not null) inherits(p1);
+
+-- should be rejected since c1.f1 is inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+-- should work
+alter table p1 drop column f1;
+-- c1.f1 is still there, but no longer inherited
+select f1 from c1;
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+select f1 from c1;
+
+drop table p1 cascade;
+
+create table p1 (f1 int, f2 int);
+create table c1 () inherits(p1);
+
+-- should be rejected since c1.f1 is inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+alter table p1 drop column f1;
+-- c1.f1 is dropped now, since there is no local definition for it
+select f1 from c1;
+
+drop table p1 cascade;
+
+create table p1 (f1 int, f2 int);
+create table c1 () inherits(p1);
+
+-- should be rejected since c1.f1 is inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+alter table only p1 drop column f1;
+-- c1.f1 is NOT dropped, but must now be considered non-inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+
+drop table p1 cascade;
+
+create table p1 (f1 int, f2 int);
+create table c1 (f1 int not null) inherits(p1);
+
+-- should be rejected since c1.f1 is inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+alter table only p1 drop column f1;
+-- c1.f1 is still there, but no longer inherited
+alter table c1 drop column f1;
+
+drop table p1 cascade;
+
+create table p1(id int, name text);
+create table p2(id2 int, name text, height int);
+create table c1(age int) inherits(p1,p2);
+create table gc1() inherits (c1);
+
+select relname, attname, attinhcount, attislocal
+from pg_class join pg_attribute on (pg_class.oid = pg_attribute.attrelid)
+where relname in ('p1','p2','c1','gc1') and attnum > 0 and not attisdropped
+order by relname, attnum;
+
+-- should work
+alter table only p1 drop column name;
+-- should work. Now c1.name is local and inhcount is 0.
+alter table p2 drop column name;
+-- should be rejected since its inherited
+alter table gc1 drop column name;
+-- should work, and drop gc1.name along
+alter table c1 drop column name;
+-- should fail: column does not exist
+alter table gc1 drop column name;
+-- should work and drop the attribute in all tables
+alter table p2 drop column height;
+
+-- IF EXISTS test
+create table dropColumnExists ();
+alter table dropColumnExists drop column non_existing; --fail
+alter table dropColumnExists drop column if exists non_existing; --succeed
+
+select relname, attname, attinhcount, attislocal
+from pg_class join pg_attribute on (pg_class.oid = pg_attribute.attrelid)
+where relname in ('p1','p2','c1','gc1') and attnum > 0 and not attisdropped
+order by relname, attnum;
+
+drop table p1, p2 cascade;
+
+-- test attinhcount tracking with merged columns
+
+create table depth0();
+create table depth1(c text) inherits (depth0);
+create table depth2() inherits (depth1);
+alter table depth0 add c text;
+
+select attrelid::regclass, attname, attinhcount, attislocal
+from pg_attribute
+where attnum > 0 and attrelid::regclass in ('depth0', 'depth1', 'depth2')
+order by attrelid::regclass::text, attnum;
+
+-- test renumbering of child-table columns in inherited operations
+
+create table p1 (f1 int);
+create table c1 (f2 text, f3 int) inherits (p1);
+
+alter table p1 add column a1 int check (a1 > 0);
+alter table p1 add column f2 text;
+
+insert into p1 values (1,2,'abc');
+insert into c1 values(11,'xyz',33,0); -- should fail
+insert into c1 values(11,'xyz',33,22);
+
+select * from p1;
+update p1 set a1 = a1 + 1, f2 = upper(f2);
+select * from p1;
+
+drop table p1 cascade;
+
+-- test that operations with a dropped column do not try to reference
+-- its datatype
+
+create domain mytype as text;
+create temp table foo (f1 text, f2 mytype, f3 text);
+
+insert into foo values('bb','cc','dd');
+select * from foo;
+
+drop domain mytype cascade;
+
+select * from foo;
+insert into foo values('qq','rr');
+select * from foo;
+update foo set f3 = 'zz';
+select * from foo;
+select f3,max(f1) from foo group by f3;
+
+-- Simple tests for alter table column type
+alter table foo alter f1 TYPE integer; -- fails
+alter table foo alter f1 TYPE varchar(10);
+
+create table anothertab (atcol1 serial8, atcol2 boolean,
+	constraint anothertab_chk check (atcol1 <= 3));
+
+insert into anothertab (atcol1, atcol2) values (default, true);
+insert into anothertab (atcol1, atcol2) values (default, false);
+select * from anothertab;
+
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type boolean; -- fails
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type boolean using atcol1::int; -- fails
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type integer;
+
+select * from anothertab;
+
+insert into anothertab (atcol1, atcol2) values (45, null); -- fails
+insert into anothertab (atcol1, atcol2) values (default, null);
+
+select * from anothertab;
+
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol2 type text
+      using case when atcol2 is true then 'IT WAS TRUE'
+                 when atcol2 is false then 'IT WAS FALSE'
+                 else 'IT WAS NULL!' end;
+
+select * from anothertab;
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type boolean
+        using case when atcol1 % 2 = 0 then true else false end; -- fails
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 drop default;
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type boolean
+        using case when atcol1 % 2 = 0 then true else false end; -- fails
+alter table anothertab drop constraint anothertab_chk;
+alter table anothertab drop constraint anothertab_chk; -- fails
+alter table anothertab drop constraint IF EXISTS anothertab_chk; -- succeeds
+
+alter table anothertab alter column atcol1 type boolean
+        using case when atcol1 % 2 = 0 then true else false end;
+
+select * from anothertab;
+
+drop table anothertab;
+
+-- Test index handling in alter table column type (cf. bugs #15835, #15865)
+create table anothertab(f1 int primary key, f2 int unique,
+                        f3 int, f4 int, f5 int);
+alter table anothertab
+  add exclude using btree (f3 with =);
+alter table anothertab
+  add exclude using btree (f4 with =) where (f4 is not null);
+alter table anothertab
+  add exclude using btree (f4 with =) where (f5 > 0);
+alter table anothertab
+  add unique(f1,f4);
+create index on anothertab(f2,f3);
+create unique index on anothertab(f4);
+
+\d anothertab
+alter table anothertab alter column f1 type bigint;
+alter table anothertab
+  alter column f2 type bigint,
+  alter column f3 type bigint,
+  alter column f4 type bigint;
+alter table anothertab alter column f5 type bigint;
+\d anothertab
+
+drop table anothertab;
+
+-- test that USING expressions are parsed before column alter type / drop steps
+create table another (f1 int, f2 text, f3 text);
+
+insert into another values(1, 'one', 'uno');
+insert into another values(2, 'two', 'due');
+insert into another values(3, 'three', 'tre');
+
+select * from another;
+
+alter table another
+  alter f1 type text using f2 || ' and ' || f3 || ' more',
+  alter f2 type bigint using f1 * 10,
+  drop column f3;
+
+select * from another;
+
+drop table another;
+
+-- Create an index that skips WAL, then perform a SET DATA TYPE that skips
+-- rewriting the index.
+begin;
+create table skip_wal_skip_rewrite_index (c varchar(10) primary key);
+alter table skip_wal_skip_rewrite_index alter c type varchar(20);
+commit;
+
+-- We disallow changing table's row type if it's used for storage
+create table at_tab1 (a int, b text);
+create table at_tab2 (x int, y at_tab1);
+alter table at_tab1 alter column b type varchar; -- fails
+drop table at_tab2;
+-- Use of row type in an expression is defended differently
+create table at_tab2 (x int, y text, check((x,y)::at_tab1 = (1,'42')::at_tab1));
+alter table at_tab1 alter column b type varchar; -- allowed, but ...
+insert into at_tab2 values(1,'42'); -- ... this will fail
+drop table at_tab1, at_tab2;
+-- Check it for a partitioned table, too
+create table at_tab1 (a int, b text) partition by list(a);
+create table at_tab2 (x int, y at_tab1);
+alter table at_tab1 alter column b type varchar; -- fails
+drop table at_tab1, at_tab2;
+
+-- Alter column type that's part of a partitioned index
+create table at_partitioned (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table at_part_1 partition of at_partitioned for values from (0) to (1000);
+insert into at_partitioned values (512, '0.123');
+create table at_part_2 (b text, a int);
+insert into at_part_2 values ('1.234', 1024);
+create index on at_partitioned (b);
+create index on at_partitioned (a);
+\d at_part_1
+\d at_part_2
+alter table at_partitioned attach partition at_part_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+\d at_part_2
+alter table at_partitioned alter column b type numeric using b::numeric;
+\d at_part_1
+\d at_part_2
+drop table at_partitioned;
+
+-- Alter column type when no table rewrite is required
+-- Also check that comments are preserved
+create table at_partitioned(id int, name varchar(64), unique (id, name))
+  partition by hash(id);
+comment on constraint at_partitioned_id_name_key on at_partitioned is 'parent constraint';
+comment on index at_partitioned_id_name_key is 'parent index';
+create table at_partitioned_0 partition of at_partitioned
+  for values with (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+comment on constraint at_partitioned_0_id_name_key on at_partitioned_0 is 'child 0 constraint';
+comment on index at_partitioned_0_id_name_key is 'child 0 index';
+create table at_partitioned_1 partition of at_partitioned
+  for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+comment on constraint at_partitioned_1_id_name_key on at_partitioned_1 is 'child 1 constraint';
+comment on index at_partitioned_1_id_name_key is 'child 1 index';
+insert into at_partitioned values(1, 'foo');
+insert into at_partitioned values(3, 'bar');
+
+create temp table old_oids as
+  select relname, oid as oldoid, relfilenode as oldfilenode
+  from pg_class where relname like 'at_partitioned%';
+
+select relname,
+  c.oid = oldoid as orig_oid,
+  case relfilenode
+    when 0 then 'none'
+    when c.oid then 'own'
+    when oldfilenode then 'orig'
+    else 'OTHER'
+    end as storage,
+  obj_description(c.oid, 'pg_class') as desc
+  from pg_class c left join old_oids using (relname)
+  where relname like 'at_partitioned%'
+  order by relname;
+
+select conname, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') as desc
+  from pg_constraint where conname like 'at_partitioned%'
+  order by conname;
+
+alter table at_partitioned alter column name type varchar(127);
+
+-- Note: these tests currently show the wrong behavior for comments :-(
+
+select relname,
+  c.oid = oldoid as orig_oid,
+  case relfilenode
+    when 0 then 'none'
+    when c.oid then 'own'
+    when oldfilenode then 'orig'
+    else 'OTHER'
+    end as storage,
+  obj_description(c.oid, 'pg_class') as desc
+  from pg_class c left join old_oids using (relname)
+  where relname like 'at_partitioned%'
+  order by relname;
+
+select conname, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') as desc
+  from pg_constraint where conname like 'at_partitioned%'
+  order by conname;
+
+-- Don't remove this DROP, it exposes bug #15672
+drop table at_partitioned;
+
+-- disallow recursive containment of row types
+create temp table recur1 (f1 int);
+alter table recur1 add column f2 recur1; -- fails
+alter table recur1 add column f2 recur1[]; -- fails
+create domain array_of_recur1 as recur1[];
+alter table recur1 add column f2 array_of_recur1; -- fails
+create temp table recur2 (f1 int, f2 recur1);
+alter table recur1 add column f2 recur2; -- fails
+alter table recur1 add column f2 int;
+alter table recur1 alter column f2 type recur2; -- fails
+
+-- SET STORAGE may need to add a TOAST table
+create table test_storage (a text);
+select reltoastrelid <> 0 as has_toast_table
+  from pg_class where oid = 'test_storage'::regclass;
+alter table test_storage alter a set storage plain;
+-- rewrite table to remove its TOAST table; need a non-constant column default
+alter table test_storage add b int default random()::int;
+select reltoastrelid <> 0 as has_toast_table
+  from pg_class where oid = 'test_storage'::regclass;
+alter table test_storage alter a set storage extended; -- re-add TOAST table
+select reltoastrelid <> 0 as has_toast_table
+  from pg_class where oid = 'test_storage'::regclass;
+
+-- test that SET STORAGE propagates to index correctly
+create index test_storage_idx on test_storage (b, a);
+alter table test_storage alter column a set storage external;
+\d+ test_storage
+\d+ test_storage_idx
+
+-- ALTER COLUMN TYPE with a check constraint and a child table (bug #13779)
+CREATE TABLE test_inh_check (a float check (a > 10.2), b float);
+CREATE TABLE test_inh_check_child() INHERITS(test_inh_check);
+\d test_inh_check
+\d test_inh_check_child
+select relname, conname, coninhcount, conislocal, connoinherit
+  from pg_constraint c, pg_class r
+  where relname like 'test_inh_check%' and c.conrelid = r.oid
+  order by 1, 2;
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check ALTER COLUMN a TYPE numeric;
+\d test_inh_check
+\d test_inh_check_child
+select relname, conname, coninhcount, conislocal, connoinherit
+  from pg_constraint c, pg_class r
+  where relname like 'test_inh_check%' and c.conrelid = r.oid
+  order by 1, 2;
+-- also try noinherit, local, and local+inherited cases
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check ADD CONSTRAINT bnoinherit CHECK (b > 100) NO INHERIT;
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check_child ADD CONSTRAINT blocal CHECK (b < 1000);
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check_child ADD CONSTRAINT bmerged CHECK (b > 1);
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check ADD CONSTRAINT bmerged CHECK (b > 1);
+\d test_inh_check
+\d test_inh_check_child
+select relname, conname, coninhcount, conislocal, connoinherit
+  from pg_constraint c, pg_class r
+  where relname like 'test_inh_check%' and c.conrelid = r.oid
+  order by 1, 2;
+ALTER TABLE test_inh_check ALTER COLUMN b TYPE numeric;
+\d test_inh_check
+\d test_inh_check_child
+select relname, conname, coninhcount, conislocal, connoinherit
+  from pg_constraint c, pg_class r
+  where relname like 'test_inh_check%' and c.conrelid = r.oid
+  order by 1, 2;
+
+-- ALTER COLUMN TYPE with different schema in children
+-- Bug at https://postgr.es/m/20170102225618.GA10071@telsasoft.com
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff (f1 int);
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff_c (extra smallint) INHERITS (test_type_diff);
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff ADD COLUMN f2 int;
+INSERT INTO test_type_diff_c VALUES (1, 2, 3);
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff ALTER COLUMN f2 TYPE bigint USING f2::bigint;
+
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff2 (int_two int2, int_four int4, int_eight int8);
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff2_c1 (int_four int4, int_eight int8, int_two int2);
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff2_c2 (int_eight int8, int_two int2, int_four int4);
+CREATE TABLE test_type_diff2_c3 (int_two int2, int_four int4, int_eight int8);
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff2_c1 INHERIT test_type_diff2;
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff2_c2 INHERIT test_type_diff2;
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff2_c3 INHERIT test_type_diff2;
+INSERT INTO test_type_diff2_c1 VALUES (1, 2, 3);
+INSERT INTO test_type_diff2_c2 VALUES (4, 5, 6);
+INSERT INTO test_type_diff2_c3 VALUES (7, 8, 9);
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff2 ALTER COLUMN int_four TYPE int8 USING int_four::int8;
+-- whole-row references are disallowed
+ALTER TABLE test_type_diff2 ALTER COLUMN int_four TYPE int4 USING (pg_column_size(test_type_diff2));
+
+-- check for rollback of ANALYZE corrupting table property flags (bug #11638)
+CREATE TABLE check_fk_presence_1 (id int PRIMARY KEY, t text);
+CREATE TABLE check_fk_presence_2 (id int REFERENCES check_fk_presence_1, t text);
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE check_fk_presence_2 DROP CONSTRAINT check_fk_presence_2_id_fkey;
+ANALYZE check_fk_presence_2;
+ROLLBACK;
+\d check_fk_presence_2
+DROP TABLE check_fk_presence_1, check_fk_presence_2;
+
+-- check column addition within a view (bug #14876)
+create table at_base_table(id int, stuff text);
+insert into at_base_table values (23, 'skidoo');
+create view at_view_1 as select * from at_base_table bt;
+create view at_view_2 as select *, to_json(v1) as j from at_view_1 v1;
+\d+ at_view_1
+\d+ at_view_2
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from at_view_2;
+select * from at_view_2;
+
+create or replace view at_view_1 as select *, 2+2 as more from at_base_table bt;
+\d+ at_view_1
+\d+ at_view_2
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from at_view_2;
+select * from at_view_2;
+
+drop view at_view_2;
+drop view at_view_1;
+drop table at_base_table;
+
+-- related case (bug #17811)
+begin;
+create temp table t1 as select * from int8_tbl;
+create temp view v1 as select 1::int8 as q1;
+create temp view v2 as select * from v1;
+create or replace temp view v1 with (security_barrier = true)
+  as select * from t1;
+
+create temp table log (q1 int8, q2 int8);
+create rule v1_upd_rule as on update to v1
+  do also insert into log values (new.*);
+
+update v2 set q1 = q1 + 1 where q1 = 123;
+
+select * from t1;
+select * from log;
+rollback;
+
+-- check adding a column not itself requiring a rewrite, together with
+-- a column requiring a default (bug #16038)
+
+-- ensure that rewrites aren't silently optimized away, removing the
+-- value of the test
+CREATE FUNCTION check_ddl_rewrite(p_tablename regclass, p_ddl text)
+RETURNS boolean
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+DECLARE
+    v_relfilenode oid;
+BEGIN
+    v_relfilenode := relfilenode FROM pg_class WHERE oid = p_tablename;
+
+    EXECUTE p_ddl;
+
+    RETURN v_relfilenode <> (SELECT relfilenode FROM pg_class WHERE oid = p_tablename);
+END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TABLE rewrite_test(col text);
+INSERT INTO rewrite_test VALUES ('something');
+INSERT INTO rewrite_test VALUES (NULL);
+
+-- empty[12] don't need rewrite, but notempty[12]_rewrite will force one
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+  ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+      ADD COLUMN empty1 text,
+      ADD COLUMN notempty1_rewrite serial;
+$$);
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+    ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+        ADD COLUMN notempty2_rewrite serial,
+        ADD COLUMN empty2 text;
+$$);
+-- also check that fast defaults cause no problem, first without rewrite
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+    ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+        ADD COLUMN empty3 text,
+        ADD COLUMN notempty3_norewrite int default 42;
+$$);
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+    ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+        ADD COLUMN notempty4_norewrite int default 42,
+        ADD COLUMN empty4 text;
+$$);
+-- then with rewrite
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+    ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+        ADD COLUMN empty5 text,
+        ADD COLUMN notempty5_norewrite int default 42,
+        ADD COLUMN notempty5_rewrite serial;
+$$);
+SELECT check_ddl_rewrite('rewrite_test', $$
+    ALTER TABLE rewrite_test
+        ADD COLUMN notempty6_rewrite serial,
+        ADD COLUMN empty6 text,
+        ADD COLUMN notempty6_norewrite int default 42;
+$$);
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FUNCTION check_ddl_rewrite(regclass, text);
+DROP TABLE rewrite_test;
+
+--
+-- lock levels
+--
+drop type lockmodes;
+create type lockmodes as enum (
+ 'SIReadLock'
+,'AccessShareLock'
+,'RowShareLock'
+,'RowExclusiveLock'
+,'ShareUpdateExclusiveLock'
+,'ShareLock'
+,'ShareRowExclusiveLock'
+,'ExclusiveLock'
+,'AccessExclusiveLock'
+);
+
+drop view my_locks;
+create or replace view my_locks as
+select case when c.relname like 'pg_toast%' then 'pg_toast' else c.relname end, max(mode::lockmodes) as max_lockmode
+from pg_locks l join pg_class c on l.relation = c.oid
+where virtualtransaction = (
+        select virtualtransaction
+        from pg_locks
+        where transactionid = pg_current_xact_id()::xid)
+and locktype = 'relation'
+and relnamespace != (select oid from pg_namespace where nspname = 'pg_catalog')
+and c.relname != 'my_locks'
+group by c.relname;
+
+create table alterlock (f1 int primary key, f2 text);
+insert into alterlock values (1, 'foo');
+create table alterlock2 (f3 int primary key, f1 int);
+insert into alterlock2 values (1, 1);
+
+begin; alter table alterlock alter column f2 set statistics 150;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+rollback;
+
+begin; alter table alterlock cluster on alterlock_pkey;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+commit;
+
+begin; alter table alterlock set without cluster;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+commit;
+
+begin; alter table alterlock set (fillfactor = 100);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+commit;
+
+begin; alter table alterlock reset (fillfactor);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+commit;
+
+begin; alter table alterlock set (toast.autovacuum_enabled = off);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+commit;
+
+begin; alter table alterlock set (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+commit;
+
+begin; alter table alterlock alter column f2 set (n_distinct = 1);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+rollback;
+
+-- test that mixing options with different lock levels works as expected
+begin; alter table alterlock set (autovacuum_enabled = off, fillfactor = 80);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+commit;
+
+begin; alter table alterlock alter column f2 set storage extended;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+rollback;
+
+begin; alter table alterlock alter column f2 set default 'x';
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+rollback;
+
+begin;
+create trigger ttdummy
+	before delete or update on alterlock
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	ttdummy (1, 1);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+rollback;
+
+begin;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+alter table alterlock2 add foreign key (f1) references alterlock (f1);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+rollback;
+
+begin;
+alter table alterlock2
+add constraint alterlock2nv foreign key (f1) references alterlock (f1) NOT VALID;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+commit;
+begin;
+alter table alterlock2 validate constraint alterlock2nv;
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+rollback;
+
+create or replace view my_locks as
+select case when c.relname like 'pg_toast%' then 'pg_toast' else c.relname end, max(mode::lockmodes) as max_lockmode
+from pg_locks l join pg_class c on l.relation = c.oid
+where virtualtransaction = (
+        select virtualtransaction
+        from pg_locks
+        where transactionid = pg_current_xact_id()::xid)
+and locktype = 'relation'
+and relnamespace != (select oid from pg_namespace where nspname = 'pg_catalog')
+and c.relname = 'my_locks'
+group by c.relname;
+
+-- raise exception
+alter table my_locks set (autovacuum_enabled = false);
+alter view my_locks set (autovacuum_enabled = false);
+alter table my_locks reset (autovacuum_enabled);
+alter view my_locks reset (autovacuum_enabled);
+
+begin;
+alter view my_locks set (security_barrier=off);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+alter view my_locks reset (security_barrier);
+rollback;
+
+-- this test intentionally applies the ALTER TABLE command against a view, but
+-- uses a view option so we expect this to succeed. This form of SQL is
+-- accepted for historical reasons, as shown in the docs for ALTER VIEW
+begin;
+alter table my_locks set (security_barrier=off);
+select * from my_locks order by 1;
+alter table my_locks reset (security_barrier);
+rollback;
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table alterlock2;
+drop table alterlock;
+drop view my_locks;
+drop type lockmodes;
+
+--
+-- alter function
+--
+create function test_strict(text) returns text as
+    'select coalesce($1, ''got passed a null'');'
+    language sql returns null on null input;
+select test_strict(NULL);
+alter function test_strict(text) called on null input;
+select test_strict(NULL);
+
+create function non_strict(text) returns text as
+    'select coalesce($1, ''got passed a null'');'
+    language sql called on null input;
+select non_strict(NULL);
+alter function non_strict(text) returns null on null input;
+select non_strict(NULL);
+
+--
+-- alter object set schema
+--
+
+create schema alter1;
+create schema alter2;
+
+create table alter1.t1(f1 serial primary key, f2 int check (f2 > 0));
+
+create view alter1.v1 as select * from alter1.t1;
+
+create function alter1.plus1(int) returns int as 'select $1+1' language sql;
+
+create domain alter1.posint integer check (value > 0);
+
+create type alter1.ctype as (f1 int, f2 text);
+
+create function alter1.same(alter1.ctype, alter1.ctype) returns boolean language sql
+as 'select $1.f1 is not distinct from $2.f1 and $1.f2 is not distinct from $2.f2';
+
+create operator alter1.=(procedure = alter1.same, leftarg  = alter1.ctype, rightarg = alter1.ctype);
+
+create operator class alter1.ctype_hash_ops default for type alter1.ctype using hash as
+  operator 1 alter1.=(alter1.ctype, alter1.ctype);
+
+create conversion alter1.latin1_to_utf8 for 'latin1' to 'utf8' from iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+
+create text search parser alter1.prs(start = prsd_start, gettoken = prsd_nexttoken, end = prsd_end, lextypes = prsd_lextype);
+create text search configuration alter1.cfg(parser = alter1.prs);
+create text search template alter1.tmpl(init = dsimple_init, lexize = dsimple_lexize);
+create text search dictionary alter1.dict(template = alter1.tmpl);
+
+insert into alter1.t1(f2) values(11);
+insert into alter1.t1(f2) values(12);
+
+alter table alter1.t1 set schema alter1; -- no-op, same schema
+alter table alter1.t1 set schema alter2;
+alter table alter1.v1 set schema alter2;
+alter function alter1.plus1(int) set schema alter2;
+alter domain alter1.posint set schema alter2;
+alter operator class alter1.ctype_hash_ops using hash set schema alter2;
+alter operator family alter1.ctype_hash_ops using hash set schema alter2;
+alter operator alter1.=(alter1.ctype, alter1.ctype) set schema alter2;
+alter function alter1.same(alter1.ctype, alter1.ctype) set schema alter2;
+alter type alter1.ctype set schema alter1; -- no-op, same schema
+alter type alter1.ctype set schema alter2;
+alter conversion alter1.latin1_to_utf8 set schema alter2;
+alter text search parser alter1.prs set schema alter2;
+alter text search configuration alter1.cfg set schema alter2;
+alter text search template alter1.tmpl set schema alter2;
+alter text search dictionary alter1.dict set schema alter2;
+
+-- this should succeed because nothing is left in alter1
+drop schema alter1;
+
+insert into alter2.t1(f2) values(13);
+insert into alter2.t1(f2) values(14);
+
+select * from alter2.t1;
+
+select * from alter2.v1;
+
+select alter2.plus1(41);
+
+-- clean up
+drop schema alter2 cascade;
+
+--
+-- composite types
+--
+
+CREATE TYPE test_type AS (a int);
+\d test_type
+
+ALTER TYPE nosuchtype ADD ATTRIBUTE b text; -- fails
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type ADD ATTRIBUTE b text;
+\d test_type
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type ADD ATTRIBUTE b text; -- fails
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type ALTER ATTRIBUTE b SET DATA TYPE varchar;
+\d test_type
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type ALTER ATTRIBUTE b SET DATA TYPE integer;
+\d test_type
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type DROP ATTRIBUTE b;
+\d test_type
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type DROP ATTRIBUTE c; -- fails
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type DROP ATTRIBUTE IF EXISTS c;
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type DROP ATTRIBUTE a, ADD ATTRIBUTE d boolean;
+\d test_type
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type RENAME ATTRIBUTE a TO aa;
+ALTER TYPE test_type RENAME ATTRIBUTE d TO dd;
+\d test_type
+
+DROP TYPE test_type;
+
+CREATE TYPE test_type1 AS (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE test_tbl1 (x int, y test_type1);
+ALTER TYPE test_type1 ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE varchar; -- fails
+
+DROP TABLE test_tbl1;
+CREATE TABLE test_tbl1 (x int, y text);
+CREATE INDEX test_tbl1_idx ON test_tbl1((row(x,y)::test_type1));
+ALTER TYPE test_type1 ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE varchar; -- fails
+
+DROP TABLE test_tbl1;
+DROP TYPE test_type1;
+
+CREATE TYPE test_type2 AS (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE test_tbl2 OF test_type2;
+CREATE TABLE test_tbl2_subclass () INHERITS (test_tbl2);
+\d test_type2
+\d test_tbl2
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 ADD ATTRIBUTE c text; -- fails
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 ADD ATTRIBUTE c text CASCADE;
+\d test_type2
+\d test_tbl2
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE varchar; -- fails
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE varchar CASCADE;
+\d test_type2
+\d test_tbl2
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 DROP ATTRIBUTE b; -- fails
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 DROP ATTRIBUTE b CASCADE;
+\d test_type2
+\d test_tbl2
+
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 RENAME ATTRIBUTE a TO aa; -- fails
+ALTER TYPE test_type2 RENAME ATTRIBUTE a TO aa CASCADE;
+\d test_type2
+\d test_tbl2
+\d test_tbl2_subclass
+
+DROP TABLE test_tbl2_subclass, test_tbl2;
+DROP TYPE test_type2;
+
+CREATE TYPE test_typex AS (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE test_tblx (x int, y test_typex check ((y).a > 0));
+ALTER TYPE test_typex DROP ATTRIBUTE a; -- fails
+ALTER TYPE test_typex DROP ATTRIBUTE a CASCADE;
+\d test_tblx
+DROP TABLE test_tblx;
+DROP TYPE test_typex;
+
+-- This test isn't that interesting on its own, but the purpose is to leave
+-- behind a table to test pg_upgrade with. The table has a composite type
+-- column in it, and the composite type has a dropped attribute.
+CREATE TYPE test_type3 AS (a int);
+CREATE TABLE test_tbl3 (c) AS SELECT '(1)'::test_type3;
+ALTER TYPE test_type3 DROP ATTRIBUTE a, ADD ATTRIBUTE b int;
+
+CREATE TYPE test_type_empty AS ();
+DROP TYPE test_type_empty;
+
+--
+-- typed tables: OF / NOT OF
+--
+
+CREATE TYPE tt_t0 AS (z inet, x int, y numeric(8,2));
+ALTER TYPE tt_t0 DROP ATTRIBUTE z;
+CREATE TABLE tt0 (x int NOT NULL, y numeric(8,2));	-- OK
+CREATE TABLE tt1 (x int, y bigint);					-- wrong base type
+CREATE TABLE tt2 (x int, y numeric(9,2));			-- wrong typmod
+CREATE TABLE tt3 (y numeric(8,2), x int);			-- wrong column order
+CREATE TABLE tt4 (x int);							-- too few columns
+CREATE TABLE tt5 (x int, y numeric(8,2), z int);	-- too few columns
+CREATE TABLE tt6 () INHERITS (tt0);					-- can't have a parent
+CREATE TABLE tt7 (x int, q text, y numeric(8,2));
+ALTER TABLE tt7 DROP q;								-- OK
+
+ALTER TABLE tt0 OF tt_t0;
+ALTER TABLE tt1 OF tt_t0;
+ALTER TABLE tt2 OF tt_t0;
+ALTER TABLE tt3 OF tt_t0;
+ALTER TABLE tt4 OF tt_t0;
+ALTER TABLE tt5 OF tt_t0;
+ALTER TABLE tt6 OF tt_t0;
+ALTER TABLE tt7 OF tt_t0;
+
+CREATE TYPE tt_t1 AS (x int, y numeric(8,2));
+ALTER TABLE tt7 OF tt_t1;			-- reassign an already-typed table
+ALTER TABLE tt7 NOT OF;
+\d tt7
+
+-- make sure we can drop a constraint on the parent but it remains on the child
+CREATE TABLE test_drop_constr_parent (c text CHECK (c IS NOT NULL));
+CREATE TABLE test_drop_constr_child () INHERITS (test_drop_constr_parent);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_drop_constr_parent DROP CONSTRAINT "test_drop_constr_parent_c_check";
+-- should fail
+INSERT INTO test_drop_constr_child (c) VALUES (NULL);
+DROP TABLE test_drop_constr_parent CASCADE;
+
+--
+-- IF EXISTS test
+--
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD COLUMN f int;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD CONSTRAINT xxx PRIMARY KEY(f);
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD CHECK (f BETWEEN 0 AND 10);
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ALTER COLUMN f SET DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 RENAME COLUMN f TO f1;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 SET SCHEMA alter2;
+
+CREATE TABLE tt8(a int);
+CREATE SCHEMA alter2;
+
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD COLUMN f int;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD CONSTRAINT xxx PRIMARY KEY(f);
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ADD CHECK (f BETWEEN 0 AND 10);
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 ALTER COLUMN f SET DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 RENAME COLUMN f TO f1;
+ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS tt8 SET SCHEMA alter2;
+
+\d alter2.tt8
+
+DROP TABLE alter2.tt8;
+DROP SCHEMA alter2;
+
+--
+-- Check conflicts between index and CHECK constraint names
+--
+CREATE TABLE tt9(c integer);
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CHECK(c > 1);
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CHECK(c > 2);  -- picks nonconflicting name
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT foo CHECK(c > 3);
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT foo CHECK(c > 4);  -- fail, dup name
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD UNIQUE(c);
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD UNIQUE(c);  -- picks nonconflicting name
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT tt9_c_key UNIQUE(c);  -- fail, dup name
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT foo UNIQUE(c);  -- fail, dup name
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT tt9_c_key CHECK(c > 5);  -- fail, dup name
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD CONSTRAINT tt9_c_key2 CHECK(c > 6);
+ALTER TABLE tt9 ADD UNIQUE(c);  -- picks nonconflicting name
+\d tt9
+DROP TABLE tt9;
+
+
+-- Check that comments on constraints and indexes are not lost at ALTER TABLE.
+CREATE TABLE comment_test (
+  id int,
+  positive_col int CHECK (positive_col > 0),
+  indexed_col int,
+  CONSTRAINT comment_test_pk PRIMARY KEY (id));
+CREATE INDEX comment_test_index ON comment_test(indexed_col);
+
+COMMENT ON COLUMN comment_test.id IS 'Column ''id'' on comment_test';
+COMMENT ON INDEX comment_test_index IS 'Simple index on comment_test';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT comment_test_positive_col_check ON comment_test IS 'CHECK constraint on comment_test.positive_col';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT comment_test_pk ON comment_test IS 'PRIMARY KEY constraint of comment_test';
+COMMENT ON INDEX comment_test_pk IS 'Index backing the PRIMARY KEY of comment_test';
+
+SELECT col_description('comment_test'::regclass, 1) as comment;
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass::text as index, obj_description(indexrelid, 'pg_class') as comment FROM pg_index where indrelid = 'comment_test'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT conname as constraint, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') as comment FROM pg_constraint where conrelid = 'comment_test'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- Change the datatype of all the columns. ALTER TABLE is optimized to not
+-- rebuild an index if the new data type is binary compatible with the old
+-- one. Check do a dummy ALTER TABLE that doesn't change the datatype
+-- first, to test that no-op codepath, and another one that does.
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN indexed_col SET DATA TYPE int;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN indexed_col SET DATA TYPE text;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE int;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE text;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN positive_col SET DATA TYPE int;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN positive_col SET DATA TYPE bigint;
+
+-- Check that the comments are intact.
+SELECT col_description('comment_test'::regclass, 1) as comment;
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass::text as index, obj_description(indexrelid, 'pg_class') as comment FROM pg_index where indrelid = 'comment_test'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT conname as constraint, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') as comment FROM pg_constraint where conrelid = 'comment_test'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- Check compatibility for foreign keys and comments. This is done
+-- separately as rebuilding the column type of the parent leads
+-- to an error and would reduce the test scope.
+CREATE TABLE comment_test_child (
+  id text CONSTRAINT comment_test_child_fk REFERENCES comment_test);
+CREATE INDEX comment_test_child_fk ON comment_test_child(id);
+COMMENT ON COLUMN comment_test_child.id IS 'Column ''id'' on comment_test_child';
+COMMENT ON INDEX comment_test_child_fk IS 'Index backing the FOREIGN KEY of comment_test_child';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT comment_test_child_fk ON comment_test_child IS 'FOREIGN KEY constraint of comment_test_child';
+
+-- Change column type of parent
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE text;
+ALTER TABLE comment_test ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE int USING id::integer;
+
+-- Comments should be intact
+SELECT col_description('comment_test_child'::regclass, 1) as comment;
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass::text as index, obj_description(indexrelid, 'pg_class') as comment FROM pg_index where indrelid = 'comment_test_child'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT conname as constraint, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') as comment FROM pg_constraint where conrelid = 'comment_test_child'::regclass ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- Check that we map relation oids to filenodes and back correctly.  Only
+-- display bad mappings so the test output doesn't change all the time.  A
+-- filenode function call can return NULL for a relation dropped concurrently
+-- with the call's surrounding query, so ignore a NULL mapped_oid for
+-- relations that no longer exist after all calls finish.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE filenode_mapping AS
+SELECT
+    oid, mapped_oid, reltablespace, relfilenode, relname
+FROM pg_class,
+    pg_filenode_relation(reltablespace, pg_relation_filenode(oid)) AS mapped_oid
+WHERE relkind IN ('r', 'i', 'S', 't', 'm') AND mapped_oid IS DISTINCT FROM oid;
+
+SELECT m.* FROM filenode_mapping m LEFT JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = m.oid
+WHERE c.oid IS NOT NULL OR m.mapped_oid IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- Checks on creating and manipulation of user defined relations in
+-- pg_catalog.
+
+SHOW allow_system_table_mods;
+-- disallowed because of search_path issues with pg_dump
+CREATE TABLE pg_catalog.new_system_table();
+-- instead create in public first, move to catalog
+CREATE TABLE new_system_table(id serial primary key, othercol text);
+ALTER TABLE new_system_table SET SCHEMA pg_catalog;
+ALTER TABLE new_system_table SET SCHEMA public;
+ALTER TABLE new_system_table SET SCHEMA pg_catalog;
+-- will be ignored -- already there:
+ALTER TABLE new_system_table SET SCHEMA pg_catalog;
+ALTER TABLE new_system_table RENAME TO old_system_table;
+CREATE INDEX old_system_table__othercol ON old_system_table (othercol);
+INSERT INTO old_system_table(othercol) VALUES ('somedata'), ('otherdata');
+UPDATE old_system_table SET id = -id;
+DELETE FROM old_system_table WHERE othercol = 'somedata';
+TRUNCATE old_system_table;
+ALTER TABLE old_system_table DROP CONSTRAINT new_system_table_pkey;
+ALTER TABLE old_system_table DROP COLUMN othercol;
+DROP TABLE old_system_table;
+
+-- set logged
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged1(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 TEXT); -- has sequence, toast
+-- check relpersistence of an unlogged table
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged2(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES unlogged1); -- foreign key
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged3(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES unlogged3); -- self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE unlogged3 SET LOGGED; -- skip self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE unlogged2 SET LOGGED; -- fails because a foreign key to an unlogged table exists
+ALTER TABLE unlogged1 SET LOGGED;
+-- check relpersistence of an unlogged table after changing to permanent
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+ALTER TABLE unlogged1 SET LOGGED; -- silently do nothing
+DROP TABLE unlogged3;
+DROP TABLE unlogged2;
+DROP TABLE unlogged1;
+
+-- set unlogged
+CREATE TABLE logged1(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 TEXT); -- has sequence, toast
+-- check relpersistence of a permanent table
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname ||' toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+CREATE TABLE logged2(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES logged1); -- foreign key
+CREATE TABLE logged3(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES logged3); -- self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED; -- fails because a foreign key from a permanent table exists
+ALTER TABLE logged3 SET UNLOGGED; -- skip self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE logged2 SET UNLOGGED;
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED;
+-- check relpersistence of a permanent table after changing to unlogged
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT r.relname || ' toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED; -- silently do nothing
+DROP TABLE logged3;
+DROP TABLE logged2;
+DROP TABLE logged1;
+
+-- test ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS
+CREATE TABLE test_add_column(c1 integer);
+\d test_add_column
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN c2 integer;
+\d test_add_column
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN c2 integer; -- fail because c2 already exists
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN c2 integer; -- fail because c2 already exists
+\d test_add_column
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c2 integer; -- skipping because c2 already exists
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c2 integer; -- skipping because c2 already exists
+\d test_add_column
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN c2 integer, -- fail because c2 already exists
+	ADD COLUMN c3 integer primary key;
+\d test_add_column
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c2 integer, -- skipping because c2 already exists
+	ADD COLUMN c3 integer primary key;
+\d test_add_column
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c2 integer, -- skipping because c2 already exists
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c3 integer primary key; -- skipping because c3 already exists
+\d test_add_column
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c2 integer, -- skipping because c2 already exists
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c3 integer, -- skipping because c3 already exists
+	ADD COLUMN c4 integer REFERENCES test_add_column;
+\d test_add_column
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c4 integer REFERENCES test_add_column;
+\d test_add_column
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c5 SERIAL CHECK (c5 > 8);
+\d test_add_column
+ALTER TABLE test_add_column
+	ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS c5 SERIAL CHECK (c5 > 10);
+\d test_add_column*
+DROP TABLE test_add_column;
+\d test_add_column*
+
+-- assorted cases with multiple ALTER TABLE steps
+CREATE TABLE ataddindex(f1 INT);
+INSERT INTO ataddindex VALUES (42), (43);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ataddindexi0 ON ataddindex(f1);
+ALTER TABLE ataddindex
+  ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX ataddindexi0,
+  ALTER f1 TYPE BIGINT;
+\d ataddindex
+DROP TABLE ataddindex;
+
+CREATE TABLE ataddindex(f1 VARCHAR(10));
+INSERT INTO ataddindex(f1) VALUES ('foo'), ('a');
+ALTER TABLE ataddindex
+  ALTER f1 SET DATA TYPE TEXT,
+  ADD EXCLUDE ((f1 LIKE 'a') WITH =);
+\d ataddindex
+DROP TABLE ataddindex;
+
+CREATE TABLE ataddindex(id int, ref_id int);
+ALTER TABLE ataddindex
+  ADD PRIMARY KEY (id),
+  ADD FOREIGN KEY (ref_id) REFERENCES ataddindex;
+\d ataddindex
+DROP TABLE ataddindex;
+
+CREATE TABLE ataddindex(id int, ref_id int);
+ALTER TABLE ataddindex
+  ADD UNIQUE (id),
+  ADD FOREIGN KEY (ref_id) REFERENCES ataddindex (id);
+\d ataddindex
+DROP TABLE ataddindex;
+
+-- unsupported constraint types for partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, (a+b+1));
+ALTER TABLE partitioned ADD EXCLUDE USING gist (a WITH &&);
+
+-- cannot drop column that is part of the partition key
+ALTER TABLE partitioned DROP COLUMN a;
+ALTER TABLE partitioned ALTER COLUMN a TYPE char(5);
+ALTER TABLE partitioned DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE partitioned ALTER COLUMN b TYPE char(5);
+
+-- partitioned table cannot participate in regular inheritance
+CREATE TABLE nonpartitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int
+);
+ALTER TABLE partitioned INHERIT nonpartitioned;
+ALTER TABLE nonpartitioned INHERIT partitioned;
+
+-- cannot add NO INHERIT constraint to partitioned tables
+ALTER TABLE partitioned ADD CONSTRAINT chk_a CHECK (a > 0) NO INHERIT;
+
+DROP TABLE partitioned, nonpartitioned;
+
+--
+-- ATTACH PARTITION
+--
+
+-- check that target table is partitioned
+CREATE TABLE unparted (
+	a int
+);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (like unparted);
+ALTER TABLE unparted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+DROP TABLE unparted, fail_part;
+
+-- check that partition bound is compatible
+CREATE TABLE list_parted (
+	a int NOT NULL,
+	b char(2) COLLATE "C",
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a > 0)
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (LIKE list_parted);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+
+-- check that the table being attached exists
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION nonexistent FOR VALUES IN (1);
+
+-- check ownership of the source table
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_me;
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_not_me;
+CREATE TABLE not_owned_by_me (LIKE list_parted);
+ALTER TABLE not_owned_by_me OWNER TO regress_test_not_me;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_test_me;
+CREATE TABLE owned_by_me (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ALTER TABLE owned_by_me ATTACH PARTITION not_owned_by_me FOR VALUES IN (1);
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE owned_by_me, not_owned_by_me;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_not_me;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_me;
+
+-- check that the table being attached is not part of regular inheritance
+CREATE TABLE parent (LIKE list_parted);
+CREATE TABLE child () INHERITS (parent);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION child FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION parent FOR VALUES IN (1);
+DROP TABLE parent CASCADE;
+
+-- check any TEMP-ness
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_parted (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE perm_part (a int);
+ALTER TABLE temp_parted ATTACH PARTITION perm_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+DROP TABLE temp_parted, perm_part;
+
+-- check that the table being attached is not a typed table
+CREATE TYPE mytype AS (a int);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part OF mytype;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+DROP TYPE mytype CASCADE;
+
+-- check that the table being attached has only columns present in the parent
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (like list_parted, c int);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+
+-- check that the table being attached has every column of the parent
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (a int NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+
+-- check that columns match in type, collation and NOT NULL status
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (
+	b char(3),
+	a int NOT NULL
+);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ALTER TABLE fail_part ALTER b TYPE char (2) COLLATE "POSIX";
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+
+-- check that the table being attached has all constraints of the parent
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (
+	b char(2) COLLATE "C",
+	a int NOT NULL
+);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+
+-- check that the constraint matches in definition with parent's constraint
+ALTER TABLE fail_part ADD CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a >= 0);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+
+-- check the attributes and constraints after partition is attached
+CREATE TABLE part_1 (
+	a int NOT NULL,
+	b char(2) COLLATE "C",
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a > 0)
+);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION part_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+-- attislocal and conislocal are always false for merged attributes and constraints respectively.
+SELECT attislocal, attinhcount FROM pg_attribute WHERE attrelid = 'part_1'::regclass AND attnum > 0;
+SELECT conislocal, coninhcount FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_1'::regclass AND conname = 'check_a';
+
+-- check that the new partition won't overlap with an existing partition
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (LIKE part_1 INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+-- check that an existing table can be attached as a default partition
+CREATE TABLE def_part (LIKE list_parted INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION def_part DEFAULT;
+-- check attaching default partition fails if a default partition already
+-- exists
+CREATE TABLE fail_def_part (LIKE part_1 INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_def_part DEFAULT;
+
+-- check validation when attaching list partitions
+CREATE TABLE list_parted2 (
+	a int,
+	b char
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported
+CREATE TABLE part_2 (LIKE list_parted2);
+INSERT INTO part_2 VALUES (3, 'a');
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM part_2;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+
+-- check partition cannot be attached if default has some row for its values
+CREATE TABLE list_parted2_def PARTITION OF list_parted2 DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO list_parted2_def VALUES (11, 'z');
+CREATE TABLE part_3 (LIKE list_parted2);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_3 FOR VALUES IN (11);
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM list_parted2_def WHERE a = 11;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_3 FOR VALUES IN (11);
+
+-- adding constraints that describe the desired partition constraint
+-- (or more restrictive) will help skip the validation scan
+CREATE TABLE part_3_4 (
+	LIKE list_parted2,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IN (3))
+);
+
+-- however, if a list partition does not accept nulls, there should be
+-- an explicit NOT NULL constraint on the partition key column for the
+-- validation scan to be skipped;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_3_4 FOR VALUES IN (3, 4);
+
+-- adding a NOT NULL constraint will cause the scan to be skipped
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_3_4;
+ALTER TABLE part_3_4 ALTER a SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_3_4 FOR VALUES IN (3, 4);
+
+-- check if default partition scan skipped
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2_def ADD CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IN (5, 6));
+CREATE TABLE part_55_66 PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (55, 66);
+
+-- check validation when attaching range partitions
+CREATE TABLE range_parted (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, b);
+
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported
+CREATE TABLE part1 (
+	a int NOT NULL CHECK (a = 1),
+	b int NOT NULL CHECK (b >= 1 AND b <= 10)
+);
+INSERT INTO part1 VALUES (1, 10);
+-- Remember the TO bound is exclusive
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION part1 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 1) TO (1, 10);
+
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM part1;
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION part1 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 1) TO (1, 10);
+
+-- adding constraints that describe the desired partition constraint
+-- (or more restrictive) will help skip the validation scan
+CREATE TABLE part2 (
+	a int NOT NULL CHECK (a = 1),
+	b int NOT NULL CHECK (b >= 10 AND b < 18)
+);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION part2 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 10) TO (1, 20);
+
+-- Create default partition
+CREATE TABLE partr_def1 PARTITION OF range_parted DEFAULT;
+
+-- Only one default partition is allowed, hence, following should give error
+CREATE TABLE partr_def2 (LIKE part1 INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION partr_def2 DEFAULT;
+
+-- Overlapping partitions cannot be attached, hence, following should give error
+INSERT INTO partr_def1 VALUES (2, 10);
+CREATE TABLE part3 (LIKE range_parted);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH partition part3 FOR VALUES FROM (2, 10) TO (2, 20);
+
+-- Attaching partitions should be successful when there are no overlapping rows
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH partition part3 FOR VALUES FROM (3, 10) TO (3, 20);
+
+-- check that leaf partitions are scanned when attaching a partitioned
+-- table
+CREATE TABLE part_5 (
+	LIKE list_parted2
+) PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported
+CREATE TABLE part_5_a PARTITION OF part_5 FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+INSERT INTO part_5_a (a, b) VALUES (6, 'a');
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_5 FOR VALUES IN (5);
+
+-- delete the faulting row and also add a constraint to skip the scan
+DELETE FROM part_5_a WHERE a NOT IN (3);
+ALTER TABLE part_5 ADD CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IS NOT NULL AND a = 5);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_5 FOR VALUES IN (5);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_5;
+ALTER TABLE part_5 DROP CONSTRAINT check_a;
+
+-- scan should again be skipped, even though NOT NULL is now a column property
+ALTER TABLE part_5 ADD CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IN (5)), ALTER a SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_5 FOR VALUES IN (5);
+
+-- Check the case where attnos of the partitioning columns in the table being
+-- attached differs from the parent.  It should not affect the constraint-
+-- checking logic that allows to skip the scan.
+CREATE TABLE part_6 (
+	c int,
+	LIKE list_parted2,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IS NOT NULL AND a = 6)
+);
+ALTER TABLE part_6 DROP c;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_6 FOR VALUES IN (6);
+
+-- Similar to above, but the table being attached is a partitioned table
+-- whose partition has still different attnos for the root partitioning
+-- columns.
+CREATE TABLE part_7 (
+	LIKE list_parted2,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IS NOT NULL AND a = 7)
+) PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+CREATE TABLE part_7_a_null (
+	c int,
+	d int,
+	e int,
+	LIKE list_parted2,  -- 'a' will have attnum = 4
+	CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b IS NULL OR b = 'a'),
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a IS NOT NULL AND a = 7)
+);
+ALTER TABLE part_7_a_null DROP c, DROP d, DROP e;
+ALTER TABLE part_7 ATTACH PARTITION part_7_a_null FOR VALUES IN ('a', null);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_7 FOR VALUES IN (7);
+
+-- Same example, but check this time that the constraint correctly detects
+-- violating rows
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_7;
+ALTER TABLE part_7 DROP CONSTRAINT check_a; -- thusly, scan won't be skipped
+INSERT INTO part_7 (a, b) VALUES (8, null), (9, 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, a, b FROM part_7 order by a;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_7 FOR VALUES IN (7);
+
+-- check that leaf partitions of default partition are scanned when
+-- attaching a partitioned table.
+ALTER TABLE part_5 DROP CONSTRAINT check_a;
+CREATE TABLE part5_def PARTITION OF part_5 DEFAULT PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE part5_def_p1 PARTITION OF part5_def FOR VALUES IN (5);
+INSERT INTO part5_def_p1 VALUES (5, 'y');
+CREATE TABLE part5_p1 (LIKE part_5);
+ALTER TABLE part_5 ATTACH PARTITION part5_p1 FOR VALUES IN ('y');
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM part5_def_p1 WHERE b = 'y';
+ALTER TABLE part_5 ATTACH PARTITION part5_p1 FOR VALUES IN ('y');
+
+-- check that the table being attached is not already a partition
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION part_2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+
+-- check that circular inheritance is not allowed
+ALTER TABLE part_5 ATTACH PARTITION list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('b');
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ATTACH PARTITION list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (0);
+
+-- If a partitioned table being created or an existing table being attached
+-- as a partition does not have a constraint that would allow validation scan
+-- to be skipped, but an individual partition does, then the partition's
+-- validation scan is skipped.
+CREATE TABLE quuux (a int, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE quuux_default PARTITION OF quuux DEFAULT PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+CREATE TABLE quuux_default1 PARTITION OF quuux_default (
+	CONSTRAINT check_1 CHECK (a IS NOT NULL AND a = 1)
+) FOR VALUES IN ('b');
+CREATE TABLE quuux1 (a int, b text);
+ALTER TABLE quuux ATTACH PARTITION quuux1 FOR VALUES IN (1); -- validate!
+CREATE TABLE quuux2 (a int, b text);
+ALTER TABLE quuux ATTACH PARTITION quuux2 FOR VALUES IN (2); -- skip validation
+DROP TABLE quuux1, quuux2;
+-- should validate for quuux1, but not for quuux2
+CREATE TABLE quuux1 PARTITION OF quuux FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE quuux2 PARTITION OF quuux FOR VALUES IN (2);
+DROP TABLE quuux;
+
+-- check validation when attaching hash partitions
+
+-- Use hand-rolled hash functions and operator class to get predictable result
+-- on different machines. part_test_int4_ops is defined in insert.sql.
+
+-- check that the new partition won't overlap with an existing partition
+CREATE TABLE hash_parted (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY HASH (a part_test_int4_ops);
+CREATE TABLE hpart_1 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part (LIKE hpart_1);
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 4);
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 0);
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+
+-- check validation when attaching hash partitions
+
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported
+CREATE TABLE hpart_2 (LIKE hash_parted);
+INSERT INTO hpart_2 VALUES (3, 0);
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION hpart_2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 1);
+
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM hpart_2;
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION hpart_2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 1);
+
+-- check that leaf partitions are scanned when attaching a partitioned
+-- table
+CREATE TABLE hpart_5 (
+	LIKE hash_parted
+) PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported
+CREATE TABLE hpart_5_a PARTITION OF hpart_5 FOR VALUES IN ('1', '2', '3');
+INSERT INTO hpart_5_a (a, b) VALUES (7, 1);
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION hpart_5 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 2);
+
+-- should be ok after deleting the bad row
+DELETE FROM hpart_5_a;
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION hpart_5 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 2);
+
+-- check that the table being attach is with valid modulus and remainder value
+CREATE TABLE fail_part(LIKE hash_parted);
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 0, REMAINDER 1);
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 8);
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted ATTACH PARTITION fail_part FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 2);
+DROP TABLE fail_part;
+
+--
+-- DETACH PARTITION
+--
+
+-- check that the table is partitioned at all
+CREATE TABLE regular_table (a int);
+ALTER TABLE regular_table DETACH PARTITION any_name;
+DROP TABLE regular_table;
+
+-- check that the partition being detached exists at all
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_4;
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted DETACH PARTITION hpart_4;
+
+-- check that the partition being detached is actually a partition of the parent
+CREATE TABLE not_a_part (a int);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION not_a_part;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_1;
+
+ALTER TABLE hash_parted DETACH PARTITION not_a_part;
+DROP TABLE not_a_part;
+
+-- check that, after being detached, attinhcount/coninhcount is dropped to 0 and
+-- attislocal/conislocal is set to true
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_3_4;
+SELECT attinhcount, attislocal FROM pg_attribute WHERE attrelid = 'part_3_4'::regclass AND attnum > 0;
+SELECT coninhcount, conislocal FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_3_4'::regclass AND conname = 'check_a';
+DROP TABLE part_3_4;
+
+-- check that a detached partition is not dropped on dropping a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE range_parted2 (
+    a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE part_rp PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (0) to (100);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rp;
+DROP TABLE range_parted2;
+SELECT * from part_rp;
+DROP TABLE part_rp;
+
+-- concurrent detach
+CREATE TABLE range_parted2 (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE part_rp PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (0) to (100);
+BEGIN;
+-- doesn't work in a partition block
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rp CONCURRENTLY;
+COMMIT;
+CREATE TABLE part_rpd PARTITION OF range_parted2 DEFAULT;
+-- doesn't work if there's a default partition
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rp CONCURRENTLY;
+-- doesn't work for the default partition
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rpd CONCURRENTLY;
+DROP TABLE part_rpd;
+-- works fine
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rp CONCURRENTLY;
+\d+ range_parted2
+-- constraint should be created
+\d part_rp
+CREATE TABLE part_rp100 PARTITION OF range_parted2 (CHECK (a>=123 AND a<133 AND a IS NOT NULL)) FOR VALUES FROM (100) to (200);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted2 DETACH PARTITION part_rp100 CONCURRENTLY;
+-- redundant constraint should not be created
+\d part_rp100
+DROP TABLE range_parted2;
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE commands for partitioned tables and partitions
+
+-- cannot add/drop column to/from *only* the parent
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 ADD COLUMN c int;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 DROP COLUMN b;
+
+-- cannot add a column to partition or drop an inherited one
+ALTER TABLE part_2 ADD COLUMN c text;
+ALTER TABLE part_2 DROP COLUMN b;
+
+-- Nor rename, alter type
+ALTER TABLE part_2 RENAME COLUMN b to c;
+ALTER TABLE part_2 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE text;
+
+-- cannot add/drop NOT NULL or check constraints to *only* the parent, when
+-- partitions exist
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 ALTER b SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 ADD CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b <> 'zz');
+
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ALTER b SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 ALTER b DROP NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ADD CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b <> 'zz');
+ALTER TABLE ONLY list_parted2 DROP CONSTRAINT check_b;
+
+-- It's alright though, if no partitions are yet created
+CREATE TABLE parted_no_parts (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY parted_no_parts ALTER a SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY parted_no_parts ADD CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a > 0);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY parted_no_parts ALTER a DROP NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY parted_no_parts DROP CONSTRAINT check_a;
+DROP TABLE parted_no_parts;
+
+-- cannot drop inherited NOT NULL or check constraints from partition
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ALTER b SET NOT NULL, ADD CONSTRAINT check_a2 CHECK (a > 0);
+ALTER TABLE part_2 ALTER b DROP NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE part_2 DROP CONSTRAINT check_a2;
+
+-- Doesn't make sense to add NO INHERIT constraints on partitioned tables
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 add constraint check_b2 check (b <> 'zz') NO INHERIT;
+
+-- check that a partition cannot participate in regular inheritance
+CREATE TABLE inh_test () INHERITS (part_2);
+CREATE TABLE inh_test (LIKE part_2);
+ALTER TABLE inh_test INHERIT part_2;
+ALTER TABLE part_2 INHERIT inh_test;
+
+-- cannot drop or alter type of partition key columns of lower level
+-- partitioned tables; for example, part_5, which is list_parted2's
+-- partition, is partitioned on b;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE list_parted2 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE text;
+
+-- dropping non-partition key columns should be allowed on the parent table.
+ALTER TABLE list_parted DROP COLUMN b;
+SELECT * FROM list_parted;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP TABLE list_parted, list_parted2, range_parted;
+DROP TABLE fail_def_part;
+DROP TABLE hash_parted;
+
+-- more tests for certain multi-level partitioning scenarios
+create table p (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+create table p1 (b int, a int not null) partition by range (b);
+create table p11 (like p1);
+alter table p11 drop a;
+alter table p11 add a int;
+alter table p11 drop a;
+alter table p11 add a int not null;
+-- attnum for key attribute 'a' is different in p, p1, and p11
+select attrelid::regclass, attname, attnum
+from pg_attribute
+where attname = 'a'
+ and (attrelid = 'p'::regclass
+   or attrelid = 'p1'::regclass
+   or attrelid = 'p11'::regclass)
+order by attrelid::regclass::text;
+
+alter table p1 attach partition p11 for values from (2) to (5);
+
+insert into p1 (a, b) values (2, 3);
+-- check that partition validation scan correctly detects violating rows
+alter table p attach partition p1 for values from (1, 2) to (1, 10);
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table p;
+drop table p1;
+
+-- validate constraint on partitioned tables should only scan leaf partitions
+create table parted_validate_test (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_validate_test_1 partition of parted_validate_test for values in (0, 1);
+alter table parted_validate_test add constraint parted_validate_test_chka check (a > 0) not valid;
+alter table parted_validate_test validate constraint parted_validate_test_chka;
+drop table parted_validate_test;
+-- test alter column options
+CREATE TABLE attmp(i integer);
+INSERT INTO attmp VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE attmp ALTER COLUMN i SET (n_distinct = 1, n_distinct_inherited = 2);
+ALTER TABLE attmp ALTER COLUMN i RESET (n_distinct_inherited);
+ANALYZE attmp;
+DROP TABLE attmp;
+
+DROP USER regress_alter_table_user1;
+
+-- check that violating rows are correctly reported when attaching as the
+-- default partition
+create table defpart_attach_test (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table defpart_attach_test1 partition of defpart_attach_test for values in (1);
+create table defpart_attach_test_d (b int, a int);
+alter table defpart_attach_test_d drop b;
+insert into defpart_attach_test_d values (1), (2);
+
+-- error because its constraint as the default partition would be violated
+-- by the row containing 1
+alter table defpart_attach_test attach partition defpart_attach_test_d default;
+delete from defpart_attach_test_d where a = 1;
+alter table defpart_attach_test_d add check (a > 1);
+
+-- should be attached successfully and without needing to be scanned
+alter table defpart_attach_test attach partition defpart_attach_test_d default;
+
+-- check that attaching a partition correctly reports any rows in the default
+-- partition that should not be there for the new partition to be attached
+-- successfully
+create table defpart_attach_test_2 (like defpart_attach_test_d);
+alter table defpart_attach_test attach partition defpart_attach_test_2 for values in (2);
+
+drop table defpart_attach_test;
+
+-- check combinations of temporary and permanent relations when attaching
+-- partitions.
+create table perm_part_parent (a int) partition by list (a);
+create temp table temp_part_parent (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table perm_part_child (a int);
+create temp table temp_part_child (a int);
+alter table temp_part_parent attach partition perm_part_child default; -- error
+alter table perm_part_parent attach partition temp_part_child default; -- error
+alter table temp_part_parent attach partition temp_part_child default; -- ok
+drop table perm_part_parent cascade;
+drop table temp_part_parent cascade;
+
+-- check that attaching partitions to a table while it is being used is
+-- prevented
+create table tab_part_attach (a int) partition by list (a);
+create or replace function func_part_attach() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+  begin
+    execute 'create table tab_part_attach_1 (a int)';
+    execute 'alter table tab_part_attach attach partition tab_part_attach_1 for values in (1)';
+    return null;
+  end $$;
+create trigger trig_part_attach before insert on tab_part_attach
+  for each statement execute procedure func_part_attach();
+insert into tab_part_attach values (1);
+drop table tab_part_attach;
+drop function func_part_attach();
+
+-- test case where the partitioning operator is a SQL function whose
+-- evaluation results in the table's relcache being rebuilt partway through
+-- the execution of an ATTACH PARTITION command
+create function at_test_sql_partop (int4, int4) returns int language sql
+as $$ select case when $1 = $2 then 0 when $1 > $2 then 1 else -1 end; $$;
+create operator class at_test_sql_partop for type int4 using btree as
+    operator 1 < (int4, int4), operator 2 <= (int4, int4),
+    operator 3 = (int4, int4), operator 4 >= (int4, int4),
+    operator 5 > (int4, int4), function 1 at_test_sql_partop(int4, int4);
+create table at_test_sql_partop (a int) partition by range (a at_test_sql_partop);
+create table at_test_sql_partop_1 (a int);
+alter table at_test_sql_partop attach partition at_test_sql_partop_1 for values from (0) to (10);
+drop table at_test_sql_partop;
+drop operator class at_test_sql_partop using btree;
+drop function at_test_sql_partop;
+
+
+/* Test case for bug #16242 */
+
+-- We create a parent and child where the child has missing
+-- non-null attribute values, and arrange to pass them through
+-- tuple conversion from the child to the parent tupdesc
+create table bar1 (a integer, b integer not null default 1)
+  partition by range (a);
+create table bar2 (a integer);
+insert into bar2 values (1);
+alter table bar2 add column b integer not null default 1;
+-- (at this point bar2 contains tuple with natts=1)
+alter table bar1 attach partition bar2 default;
+
+-- this works:
+select * from bar1;
+
+-- this exercises tuple conversion:
+create function xtrig()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql
+as $$
+  declare
+    r record;
+  begin
+    for r in select * from old loop
+      raise info 'a=%, b=%', r.a, r.b;
+    end loop;
+    return NULL;
+  end;
+$$;
+create trigger xtrig
+  after update on bar1
+  referencing old table as old
+  for each statement execute procedure xtrig();
+
+update bar1 set a = a + 1;
+
+/* End test case for bug #16242 */
+
+/* Test case for bug #17409 */
+
+create table attbl (p1 int constraint pk_attbl primary key);
+create table atref (c1 int references attbl(p1));
+cluster attbl using pk_attbl;
+alter table attbl alter column p1 set data type bigint;
+alter table atref alter column c1 set data type bigint;
+drop table attbl, atref;
+
+create table attbl (p1 int constraint pk_attbl primary key);
+alter table attbl replica identity using index pk_attbl;
+create table atref (c1 int references attbl(p1));
+alter table attbl alter column p1 set data type bigint;
+alter table atref alter column c1 set data type bigint;
+drop table attbl, atref;
+
+/* End test case for bug #17409 */
+
+-- Test that ALTER TABLE rewrite preserves a clustered index
+-- for normal indexes and indexes on constraints.
+create table alttype_cluster (a int);
+alter table alttype_cluster add primary key (a);
+create index alttype_cluster_ind on alttype_cluster (a);
+alter table alttype_cluster cluster on alttype_cluster_ind;
+-- Normal index remains clustered.
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisclustered from pg_index
+  where indrelid = 'alttype_cluster'::regclass
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text;
+alter table alttype_cluster alter a type bigint;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisclustered from pg_index
+  where indrelid = 'alttype_cluster'::regclass
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text;
+-- Constraint index remains clustered.
+alter table alttype_cluster cluster on alttype_cluster_pkey;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisclustered from pg_index
+  where indrelid = 'alttype_cluster'::regclass
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text;
+alter table alttype_cluster alter a type int;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisclustered from pg_index
+  where indrelid = 'alttype_cluster'::regclass
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text;
+drop table alttype_cluster;
+
+--
+-- Check that attaching or detaching a partitioned partition correctly leads
+-- to its partitions' constraint being updated to reflect the parent's
+-- newly added/removed constraint
+create table target_parted (a int, b int) partition by list (a);
+create table attach_parted (a int, b int) partition by list (b);
+create table attach_parted_part1 partition of attach_parted for values in (1);
+-- insert a row directly into the leaf partition so that its partition
+-- constraint is built and stored in the relcache
+insert into attach_parted_part1 values (1, 1);
+-- the following better invalidate the partition constraint of the leaf
+-- partition too...
+alter table target_parted attach partition attach_parted for values in (1);
+-- ...such that the following insert fails
+insert into attach_parted_part1 values (2, 1);
+-- ...and doesn't when the partition is detached along with its own partition
+alter table target_parted detach partition attach_parted;
+insert into attach_parted_part1 values (2, 1);
+
+-- Test altering table having publication
+create schema alter1;
+create schema alter2;
+create table alter1.t1 (a int);
+set client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+create publication pub1 for table alter1.t1, tables in schema alter2;
+reset client_min_messages;
+alter table alter1.t1 set schema alter2;
+\d+ alter2.t1
+drop publication pub1;
+drop schema alter1 cascade;
+drop schema alter2 cascade;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/amutils.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/amutils.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06e7fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/amutils.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+--
+-- Test index AM property-reporting functions
+--
+
+select prop,
+       pg_indexam_has_property(a.oid, prop) as "AM",
+       pg_index_has_property('onek_hundred'::regclass, prop) as "Index",
+       pg_index_column_has_property('onek_hundred'::regclass, 1, prop) as "Column"
+  from pg_am a,
+       unnest(array['asc', 'desc', 'nulls_first', 'nulls_last',
+                    'orderable', 'distance_orderable', 'returnable',
+                    'search_array', 'search_nulls',
+                    'clusterable', 'index_scan', 'bitmap_scan',
+                    'backward_scan',
+                    'can_order', 'can_unique', 'can_multi_col',
+                    'can_exclude', 'can_include',
+                    'bogus']::text[])
+         with ordinality as u(prop,ord)
+ where a.amname = 'btree'
+ order by ord;
+
+select prop,
+       pg_indexam_has_property(a.oid, prop) as "AM",
+       pg_index_has_property('gcircleind'::regclass, prop) as "Index",
+       pg_index_column_has_property('gcircleind'::regclass, 1, prop) as "Column"
+  from pg_am a,
+       unnest(array['asc', 'desc', 'nulls_first', 'nulls_last',
+                    'orderable', 'distance_orderable', 'returnable',
+                    'search_array', 'search_nulls',
+                    'clusterable', 'index_scan', 'bitmap_scan',
+                    'backward_scan',
+                    'can_order', 'can_unique', 'can_multi_col',
+                    'can_exclude', 'can_include',
+                    'bogus']::text[])
+         with ordinality as u(prop,ord)
+ where a.amname = 'gist'
+ order by ord;
+
+select prop,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('onek_hundred'::regclass, 1, prop) as btree,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('hash_i4_index'::regclass, 1, prop) as hash,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('gcircleind'::regclass, 1, prop) as gist,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('sp_radix_ind'::regclass, 1, prop) as spgist_radix,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('sp_quad_ind'::regclass, 1, prop) as spgist_quad,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('botharrayidx'::regclass, 1, prop) as gin,
+       pg_index_column_has_property('brinidx'::regclass, 1, prop) as brin
+  from unnest(array['asc', 'desc', 'nulls_first', 'nulls_last',
+                    'orderable', 'distance_orderable', 'returnable',
+                    'search_array', 'search_nulls',
+                    'bogus']::text[])
+         with ordinality as u(prop,ord)
+ order by ord;
+
+select prop,
+       pg_index_has_property('onek_hundred'::regclass, prop) as btree,
+       pg_index_has_property('hash_i4_index'::regclass, prop) as hash,
+       pg_index_has_property('gcircleind'::regclass, prop) as gist,
+       pg_index_has_property('sp_radix_ind'::regclass, prop) as spgist,
+       pg_index_has_property('botharrayidx'::regclass, prop) as gin,
+       pg_index_has_property('brinidx'::regclass, prop) as brin
+  from unnest(array['clusterable', 'index_scan', 'bitmap_scan',
+                    'backward_scan',
+                    'bogus']::text[])
+         with ordinality as u(prop,ord)
+ order by ord;
+
+select amname, prop, pg_indexam_has_property(a.oid, prop) as p
+  from pg_am a,
+       unnest(array['can_order', 'can_unique', 'can_multi_col',
+                    'can_exclude', 'can_include', 'bogus']::text[])
+         with ordinality as u(prop,ord)
+ where amtype = 'i'
+ order by amname, ord;
+
+--
+-- additional checks for pg_index_column_has_property
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, f4 int);
+
+CREATE INDEX fooindex ON foo (f1 desc, f2 asc, f3 nulls first, f4 nulls last);
+
+select col, prop, pg_index_column_has_property(o, col, prop)
+  from (values ('fooindex'::regclass)) v1(o),
+       (values (1,'orderable'),(2,'asc'),(3,'desc'),
+               (4,'nulls_first'),(5,'nulls_last'),
+               (6, 'bogus')) v2(idx,prop),
+       generate_series(1,4) col
+ order by col, idx;
+
+CREATE INDEX foocover ON foo (f1) INCLUDE (f2,f3);
+
+select col, prop, pg_index_column_has_property(o, col, prop)
+  from (values ('foocover'::regclass)) v1(o),
+       (values (1,'orderable'),(2,'asc'),(3,'desc'),
+               (4,'nulls_first'),(5,'nulls_last'),
+               (6,'distance_orderable'),(7,'returnable'),
+               (8, 'bogus')) v2(idx,prop),
+       generate_series(1,3) col
+ order by col, idx;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/arrays.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/arrays.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df5a340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/arrays.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,776 @@
+--
+-- ARRAYS
+--
+
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+
+CREATE TABLE arrtest (
+	a 			int2[],
+	b 			int4[][][],
+	c 			name[],
+	d			text[][],
+	e 			float8[],
+	f			char(5)[],
+	g			varchar(5)[]
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE array_op_test (
+	seqno		int4,
+	i			int4[],
+	t			text[]
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/array.data'
+COPY array_op_test FROM :'filename';
+ANALYZE array_op_test;
+
+--
+-- only the 'e' array is 0-based, the others are 1-based.
+--
+
+INSERT INTO arrtest (a[1:5], b[1:1][1:2][1:2], c, d, f, g)
+   VALUES ('{1,2,3,4,5}', '{{{0,0},{1,2}}}', '{}', '{}', '{}', '{}');
+
+UPDATE arrtest SET e[0] = '1.1';
+
+UPDATE arrtest SET e[1] = '2.2';
+
+INSERT INTO arrtest (f)
+   VALUES ('{"too long"}');
+
+INSERT INTO arrtest (a, b[1:2][1:2], c, d, e, f, g)
+   VALUES ('{11,12,23}', '{{3,4},{4,5}}', '{"foobar"}',
+           '{{"elt1", "elt2"}}', '{"3.4", "6.7"}',
+           '{"abc","abcde"}', '{"abc","abcde"}');
+
+INSERT INTO arrtest (a, b[1:2], c, d[1:2])
+   VALUES ('{}', '{3,4}', '{foo,bar}', '{bar,foo}');
+
+INSERT INTO arrtest (b[2]) VALUES(now());  -- error, type mismatch
+
+INSERT INTO arrtest (b[1:2]) VALUES(now());  -- error, type mismatch
+
+SELECT * FROM arrtest;
+
+SELECT arrtest.a[1],
+          arrtest.b[1][1][1],
+          arrtest.c[1],
+          arrtest.d[1][1],
+          arrtest.e[0]
+   FROM arrtest;
+
+SELECT a[1], b[1][1][1], c[1], d[1][1], e[0]
+   FROM arrtest;
+
+SELECT a[1:3],
+          b[1:1][1:2][1:2],
+          c[1:2],
+          d[1:1][1:2]
+   FROM arrtest;
+
+SELECT array_ndims(a) AS a,array_ndims(b) AS b,array_ndims(c) AS c
+   FROM arrtest;
+
+SELECT array_dims(a) AS a,array_dims(b) AS b,array_dims(c) AS c
+   FROM arrtest;
+
+-- returns nothing
+SELECT *
+   FROM arrtest
+   WHERE a[1] < 5 and
+         c = '{"foobar"}'::_name;
+
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET a[1:2] = '{16,25}'
+  WHERE NOT a = '{}'::_int2;
+
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET b[1:1][1:1][1:2] = '{113, 117}',
+      b[1:1][1:2][2:2] = '{142, 147}'
+  WHERE array_dims(b) = '[1:1][1:2][1:2]';
+
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET c[2:2] = '{"new_word"}'
+  WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
+
+SELECT a,b,c FROM arrtest;
+
+SELECT a[1:3],
+          b[1:1][1:2][1:2],
+          c[1:2],
+          d[1:1][2:2]
+   FROM arrtest;
+
+SELECT b[1:1][2][2],
+       d[1:1][2]
+   FROM arrtest;
+
+INSERT INTO arrtest(a) VALUES('{1,null,3}');
+SELECT a FROM arrtest;
+UPDATE arrtest SET a[4] = NULL WHERE a[2] IS NULL;
+SELECT a FROM arrtest WHERE a[2] IS NULL;
+DELETE FROM arrtest WHERE a[2] IS NULL AND b IS NULL;
+SELECT a,b,c FROM arrtest;
+
+-- test mixed slice/scalar subscripting
+select '{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[];
+select ('{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[])[1:2][2];
+select '[0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[];
+select ('[0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[])[1:2][2];
+
+--
+-- check subscription corner cases
+--
+-- More subscripts than MAXDIM (6)
+SELECT ('{}'::int[])[1][2][3][4][5][6][7];
+-- NULL index yields NULL when selecting
+SELECT ('{{{1},{2},{3}},{{4},{5},{6}}}'::int[])[1][NULL][1];
+SELECT ('{{{1},{2},{3}},{{4},{5},{6}}}'::int[])[1][NULL:1][1];
+SELECT ('{{{1},{2},{3}},{{4},{5},{6}}}'::int[])[1][1:NULL][1];
+-- NULL index in assignment is an error
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET c[NULL] = '{"can''t assign"}'
+  WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET c[NULL:1] = '{"can''t assign"}'
+  WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
+UPDATE arrtest
+  SET c[1:NULL] = '{"can''t assign"}'
+  WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
+-- Un-subscriptable type
+SELECT (now())[1];
+
+-- test slices with empty lower and/or upper index
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest_s (
+  a       int2[],
+  b       int2[][]
+);
+INSERT INTO arrtest_s VALUES ('{1,2,3,4,5}', '{{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}}');
+INSERT INTO arrtest_s VALUES ('[0:4]={1,2,3,4,5}', '[0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}}');
+
+SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
+SELECT a[:3], b[:2][:2] FROM arrtest_s;
+SELECT a[2:], b[2:][2:] FROM arrtest_s;
+SELECT a[:], b[:] FROM arrtest_s;
+
+-- updates
+UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:3] = '{11, 12, 13}', b[:2][:2] = '{{11,12}, {14,15}}'
+  WHERE array_lower(a,1) = 1;
+SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
+UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[3:] = '{23, 24, 25}', b[2:][2:] = '{{25,26}, {28,29}}';
+SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
+UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:] = '{11, 12, 13, 14, 15}';
+SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
+UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:] = '{23, 24, 25}';  -- fail, too small
+INSERT INTO arrtest_s VALUES(NULL, NULL);
+UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:] = '{11, 12, 13, 14, 15}';  -- fail, no good with null
+
+-- we want to work with a point_tbl that includes a null
+CREATE TEMP TABLE point_tbl AS SELECT * FROM public.point_tbl;
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES (NULL);
+
+-- check with fixed-length-array type, such as point
+SELECT f1[0:1] FROM POINT_TBL;
+SELECT f1[0:] FROM POINT_TBL;
+SELECT f1[:1] FROM POINT_TBL;
+SELECT f1[:] FROM POINT_TBL;
+
+-- subscript assignments to fixed-width result in NULL if previous value is NULL
+UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[0] = 10 WHERE f1 IS NULL RETURNING *;
+INSERT INTO point_tbl(f1[0]) VALUES(0) RETURNING *;
+-- NULL assignments get ignored
+UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[0] = NULL WHERE f1::text = '(10,10)'::point::text RETURNING *;
+-- but non-NULL subscript assignments work
+UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[0] = -10, f1[1] = -10 WHERE f1::text = '(10,10)'::point::text RETURNING *;
+-- but not to expand the range
+UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[3] = 10 WHERE f1::text = '(-10,-10)'::point::text RETURNING *;
+
+--
+-- test array extension
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest1 (i int[], t text[]);
+insert into arrtest1 values(array[1,2,null,4], array['one','two',null,'four']);
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[2] = 22, t[2] = 'twenty-two';
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[5] = 5, t[5] = 'five';
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[8] = 8, t[8] = 'eight';
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[0] = 0, t[0] = 'zero';
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[-3] = -3, t[-3] = 'minus-three';
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[0:2] = array[10,11,12], t[0:2] = array['ten','eleven','twelve'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[8:10] = array[18,null,20], t[8:10] = array['p18',null,'p20'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[11:12] = array[null,22], t[11:12] = array[null,'p22'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[15:16] = array[null,26], t[15:16] = array[null,'p26'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[-5:-3] = array[-15,-14,-13], t[-5:-3] = array['m15','m14','m13'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[-7:-6] = array[-17,null], t[-7:-6] = array['m17',null];
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[-12:-10] = array[-22,null,-20], t[-12:-10] = array['m22',null,'m20'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+delete from arrtest1;
+insert into arrtest1 values(array[1,2,null,4], array['one','two',null,'four']);
+select * from arrtest1;
+update arrtest1 set i[0:5] = array[0,1,2,null,4,5], t[0:5] = array['z','p1','p2',null,'p4','p5'];
+select * from arrtest1;
+
+--
+-- array expressions and operators
+--
+
+-- table creation and INSERTs
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest2 (i integer ARRAY[4], f float8[], n numeric[], t text[], d timestamp[]);
+INSERT INTO arrtest2 VALUES(
+  ARRAY[[[113,142],[1,147]]],
+  ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3]::float8[],
+  ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3],
+  ARRAY[[['aaa','aab'],['aba','abb'],['aca','acb']],[['baa','bab'],['bba','bbb'],['bca','bcb']]],
+  ARRAY['19620326','19931223','19970117']::timestamp[]
+);
+
+-- some more test data
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest_f (f0 int, f1 text, f2 float8);
+insert into arrtest_f values(1,'cat1',1.21);
+insert into arrtest_f values(2,'cat1',1.24);
+insert into arrtest_f values(3,'cat1',1.18);
+insert into arrtest_f values(4,'cat1',1.26);
+insert into arrtest_f values(5,'cat1',1.15);
+insert into arrtest_f values(6,'cat2',1.15);
+insert into arrtest_f values(7,'cat2',1.26);
+insert into arrtest_f values(8,'cat2',1.32);
+insert into arrtest_f values(9,'cat2',1.30);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest_i (f0 int, f1 text, f2 int);
+insert into arrtest_i values(1,'cat1',21);
+insert into arrtest_i values(2,'cat1',24);
+insert into arrtest_i values(3,'cat1',18);
+insert into arrtest_i values(4,'cat1',26);
+insert into arrtest_i values(5,'cat1',15);
+insert into arrtest_i values(6,'cat2',15);
+insert into arrtest_i values(7,'cat2',26);
+insert into arrtest_i values(8,'cat2',32);
+insert into arrtest_i values(9,'cat2',30);
+
+-- expressions
+SELECT t.f[1][3][1] AS "131", t.f[2][2][1] AS "221" FROM (
+  SELECT ARRAY[[[111,112],[121,122],[131,132]],[[211,212],[221,122],[231,232]]] AS f
+) AS t;
+SELECT ARRAY[[[[[['hello'],['world']]]]]];
+SELECT ARRAY[ARRAY['hello'],ARRAY['world']];
+SELECT ARRAY(select f2 from arrtest_f order by f2) AS "ARRAY";
+
+-- with nulls
+SELECT '{1,null,3}'::int[];
+SELECT ARRAY[1,NULL,3];
+
+-- functions
+SELECT array_append(array[42], 6) AS "{42,6}";
+SELECT array_prepend(6, array[42]) AS "{6,42}";
+SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[3,4]) AS "{1,2,3,4}";
+SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[[3,4],[5,6]]) AS "{{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}";
+SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[[3,4],[5,6]], ARRAY[1,2]) AS "{{3,4},{5,6},{1,2}}";
+
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5], 4);
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY[5,3,4,2,1], 4);
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]], 3);
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu','fri','sat'], 'mon');
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu','fri','sat'], 'sat');
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu','fri','sat'], NULL);
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu',NULL,'fri','sat'], NULL);
+SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu',NULL,'fri','sat'], 'sat');
+
+SELECT array_positions(NULL, 10);
+SELECT array_positions(NULL, NULL::int);
+SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,3,4,5,6], 4);
+SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]], 4);
+SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,3,4,5,6], NULL);
+SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[1,2,3,NULL,5,6,1,2,3,NULL,5,6], NULL);
+SELECT array_length(array_positions(ARRAY(SELECT 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA'::text || i % 10
+                                          FROM generate_series(1,100) g(i)),
+                                  'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA5'), 1);
+
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+  o int;
+  a int[] := ARRAY[1,2,3,2,3,1,2];
+BEGIN
+  o := array_position(a, 2);
+  WHILE o IS NOT NULL
+  LOOP
+    RAISE NOTICE '%', o;
+    o := array_position(a, 2, o + 1);
+  END LOOP;
+END
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+SELECT array_position('[2:4]={1,2,3}'::int[], 1);
+SELECT array_positions('[2:4]={1,2,3}'::int[], 1);
+
+SELECT
+    array_position(ids, (1, 1)),
+    array_positions(ids, (1, 1))
+        FROM
+(VALUES
+    (ARRAY[(0, 0), (1, 1)]),
+    (ARRAY[(1, 1)])
+) AS f (ids);
+
+-- operators
+SELECT a FROM arrtest WHERE b = ARRAY[[[113,142],[1,147]]];
+SELECT NOT ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3] = ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3] AS "FALSE";
+SELECT ARRAY[1,2] || 3 AS "{1,2,3}";
+SELECT 0 || ARRAY[1,2] AS "{0,1,2}";
+SELECT ARRAY[1,2] || ARRAY[3,4] AS "{1,2,3,4}";
+SELECT ARRAY[[['hello','world']]] || ARRAY[[['happy','birthday']]] AS "ARRAY";
+SELECT ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]] || ARRAY[5,6] AS "{{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}";
+SELECT ARRAY[0,0] || ARRAY[1,1] || ARRAY[2,2] AS "{0,0,1,1,2,2}";
+SELECT 0 || ARRAY[1,2] || 3 AS "{0,1,2,3}";
+SELECT ARRAY[1.1] || ARRAY[2,3,4];
+SELECT array_agg(x) || array_agg(x) FROM (VALUES (ROW(1,2)), (ROW(3,4))) v(x);
+SELECT ROW(1,2) || array_agg(x) FROM (VALUES (ROW(3,4)), (ROW(5,6))) v(x);
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i <@ '{38,34,32,89}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i = '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i <@ '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t <@ '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+
+-- array casts
+SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3]::text[]::int[]::float8[] AS "{1,2,3}";
+SELECT pg_typeof(ARRAY[1,2,3]::text[]::int[]::float8[]) AS "double precision[]";
+SELECT ARRAY[['a','bc'],['def','hijk']]::text[]::varchar[] AS "{{a,bc},{def,hijk}}";
+SELECT pg_typeof(ARRAY[['a','bc'],['def','hijk']]::text[]::varchar[]) AS "character varying[]";
+SELECT CAST(ARRAY[[[[[['a','bb','ccc']]]]]] as text[]) as "{{{{{{a,bb,ccc}}}}}}";
+SELECT NULL::text[]::int[] AS "NULL";
+
+-- scalar op any/all (array)
+select 33 = any ('{1,2,3}');
+select 33 = any ('{1,2,33}');
+select 33 = all ('{1,2,33}');
+select 33 >= all ('{1,2,33}');
+-- boundary cases
+select null::int >= all ('{1,2,33}');
+select null::int >= all ('{}');
+select null::int >= any ('{}');
+-- cross-datatype
+select 33.4 = any (array[1,2,3]);
+select 33.4 > all (array[1,2,3]);
+-- errors
+select 33 * any ('{1,2,3}');
+select 33 * any (44);
+-- nulls
+select 33 = any (null::int[]);
+select null::int = any ('{1,2,3}');
+select 33 = any ('{1,null,3}');
+select 33 = any ('{1,null,33}');
+select 33 = all (null::int[]);
+select null::int = all ('{1,2,3}');
+select 33 = all ('{1,null,3}');
+select 33 = all ('{33,null,33}');
+-- nulls later in the bitmap
+SELECT -1 != ALL(ARRAY(SELECT NULLIF(g.i, 900) FROM generate_series(1,1000) g(i)));
+
+-- test indexes on arrays
+create temp table arr_tbl (f1 int[] unique);
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2,3}');
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2}');
+-- failure expected:
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2,3}');
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{2,3,4}');
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,5,3}');
+insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2,10}');
+
+set enable_seqscan to off;
+set enable_bitmapscan to off;
+select * from arr_tbl where f1 > '{1,2,3}' and f1 <= '{1,5,3}';
+select * from arr_tbl where f1 >= '{1,2,3}' and f1 < '{1,5,3}';
+
+-- test ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE with arrays
+create temp table arr_pk_tbl (pk int4 primary key, f1 int[]);
+insert into arr_pk_tbl values (1, '{1,2,3}');
+insert into arr_pk_tbl values (1, '{3,4,5}') on conflict (pk)
+  do update set f1[1] = excluded.f1[1], f1[3] = excluded.f1[3]
+  returning pk, f1;
+insert into arr_pk_tbl(pk, f1[1:2]) values (1, '{6,7,8}') on conflict (pk)
+  do update set f1[1] = excluded.f1[1],
+    f1[2] = excluded.f1[2],
+    f1[3] = excluded.f1[3]
+  returning pk, f1;
+
+-- note: if above selects don't produce the expected tuple order,
+-- then you didn't get an indexscan plan, and something is busted.
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+
+-- test subscript overflow detection
+
+-- The normal error message includes a platform-dependent limit,
+-- so suppress it to avoid needing multiple expected-files.
+\set VERBOSITY sqlstate
+
+insert into arr_pk_tbl values(10, '[-2147483648:-2147483647]={1,2}');
+update arr_pk_tbl set f1[2147483647] = 42 where pk = 10;
+update arr_pk_tbl set f1[2147483646:2147483647] = array[4,2] where pk = 10;
+
+-- also exercise the expanded-array case
+do $$ declare a int[];
+begin
+  a := '[-2147483648:-2147483647]={1,2}'::int[];
+  a[2147483647] := 42;
+end $$;
+
+\set VERBOSITY default
+
+-- test [not] (like|ilike) (any|all) (...)
+select 'foo' like any (array['%a', '%o']); -- t
+select 'foo' like any (array['%a', '%b']); -- f
+select 'foo' like all (array['f%', '%o']); -- t
+select 'foo' like all (array['f%', '%b']); -- f
+select 'foo' not like any (array['%a', '%b']); -- t
+select 'foo' not like all (array['%a', '%o']); -- f
+select 'foo' ilike any (array['%A', '%O']); -- t
+select 'foo' ilike all (array['F%', '%O']); -- t
+
+--
+-- General array parser tests
+--
+
+-- none of the following should be accepted
+select '{{1,{2}},{2,3}}'::text[];
+select '{{},{}}'::text[];
+select E'{{1,2},\\{2,3}}'::text[];
+select '{{"1 2" x},{3}}'::text[];
+select '{}}'::text[];
+select '{ }}'::text[];
+select array[];
+-- none of the above should be accepted
+
+-- all of the following should be accepted
+select '{}'::text[];
+select '{{{1,2,3,4},{2,3,4,5}},{{3,4,5,6},{4,5,6,7}}}'::text[];
+select '{0 second  ,0 second}'::interval[];
+select '{ { "," } , { 3 } }'::text[];
+select '  {   {  "  0 second  "   ,  0 second  }   }'::text[];
+select '{
+           0 second,
+           @ 1 hour @ 42 minutes @ 20 seconds
+         }'::interval[];
+select array[]::text[];
+select '[0:1]={1.1,2.2}'::float8[];
+-- all of the above should be accepted
+
+-- tests for array aggregates
+CREATE TEMP TABLE arraggtest ( f1 INT[], f2 TEXT[][], f3 FLOAT[]);
+
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{1,2,3,4}','{{grey,red},{blue,blue}}','{1.6, 0.0}');
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{1,2,3}','{{grey,red},{grey,blue}}','{1.6}');
+SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
+
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{3,3,2,4,5,6}','{{white,yellow},{pink,orange}}','{2.1,3.3,1.8,1.7,1.6}');
+SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
+
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{2}','{{black,red},{green,orange}}','{1.6,2.2,2.6,0.4}');
+SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
+
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{4,2,6,7,8,1}','{{red},{black},{purple},{blue},{blue}}',NULL);
+SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
+
+INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
+('{}','{{pink,white,blue,red,grey,orange}}','{2.1,1.87,1.4,2.2}');
+SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
+
+-- A few simple tests for arrays of composite types
+
+create type comptype as (f1 int, f2 text);
+
+create table comptable (c1 comptype, c2 comptype[]);
+
+-- XXX would like to not have to specify row() construct types here ...
+insert into comptable
+  values (row(1,'foo'), array[row(2,'bar')::comptype, row(3,'baz')::comptype]);
+
+-- check that implicitly named array type _comptype isn't a problem
+create type _comptype as enum('fooey');
+
+select * from comptable;
+select c2[2].f2 from comptable;
+
+drop type _comptype;
+drop table comptable;
+drop type comptype;
+
+create or replace function unnest1(anyarray)
+returns setof anyelement as $$
+select $1[s] from generate_subscripts($1,1) g(s);
+$$ language sql immutable;
+
+create or replace function unnest2(anyarray)
+returns setof anyelement as $$
+select $1[s1][s2] from generate_subscripts($1,1) g1(s1),
+                   generate_subscripts($1,2) g2(s2);
+$$ language sql immutable;
+
+select * from unnest1(array[1,2,3]);
+select * from unnest2(array[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]);
+
+drop function unnest1(anyarray);
+drop function unnest2(anyarray);
+
+select array_fill(null::integer, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
+select array_fill(null::integer, array[3,3]);
+select array_fill(null::text, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
+select array_fill(null::text, array[3,3]);
+select array_fill(7, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
+select array_fill(7, array[3,3]);
+select array_fill('juhu'::text, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
+select array_fill('juhu'::text, array[3,3]);
+select a, a = '{}' as is_eq, array_dims(a)
+  from (select array_fill(42, array[0]) as a) ss;
+select a, a = '{}' as is_eq, array_dims(a)
+  from (select array_fill(42, '{}') as a) ss;
+select a, a = '{}' as is_eq, array_dims(a)
+  from (select array_fill(42, '{}', '{}') as a) ss;
+-- raise exception
+select array_fill(1, null, array[2,2]);
+select array_fill(1, array[2,2], null);
+select array_fill(1, array[2,2], '{}');
+select array_fill(1, array[3,3], array[1,1,1]);
+select array_fill(1, array[1,2,null]);
+select array_fill(1, array[[1,2],[3,4]]);
+
+select string_to_array('1|2|3', '|');
+select string_to_array('1|2|3|', '|');
+select string_to_array('1||2|3||', '||');
+select string_to_array('1|2|3', '');
+select string_to_array('', '|');
+select string_to_array('1|2|3', NULL);
+select string_to_array(NULL, '|') IS NULL;
+select string_to_array('abc', '');
+select string_to_array('abc', '', 'abc');
+select string_to_array('abc', ',');
+select string_to_array('abc', ',', 'abc');
+select string_to_array('1,2,3,4,,6', ',');
+select string_to_array('1,2,3,4,,6', ',', '');
+select string_to_array('1,2,3,4,*,6', ',', '*');
+
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3', '|') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3|', '|') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1||2|3||', '||') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3', '') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('', '|') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3', NULL) g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table(NULL, '|') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', '') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', '', 'abc') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', ',') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', ',', 'abc') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1,2,3,4,,6', ',') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1,2,3,4,,6', ',', '') g(v);
+select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1,2,3,4,*,6', ',', '*') g(v);
+
+select array_to_string(NULL::int4[], ',') IS NULL;
+select array_to_string('{}'::int4[], ',');
+select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], ',');
+select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], ',', '*');
+select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], NULL);
+select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], ',', NULL);
+
+select array_to_string(string_to_array('1|2|3', '|'), '|');
+
+select array_length(array[1,2,3], 1);
+select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 0);
+select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 1);
+select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 2);
+select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 3);
+
+select cardinality(NULL::int[]);
+select cardinality('{}'::int[]);
+select cardinality(array[1,2,3]);
+select cardinality('[2:4]={5,6,7}'::int[]);
+select cardinality('{{1,2}}'::int[]);
+select cardinality('{{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}'::int[]);
+select cardinality('{{{1,9},{5,6}},{{2,3},{3,4}}}'::int[]);
+
+-- array_agg(anynonarray)
+select array_agg(unique1) from (select unique1 from tenk1 where unique1 < 15 order by unique1) ss;
+select array_agg(ten) from (select ten from tenk1 where unique1 < 15 order by unique1) ss;
+select array_agg(nullif(ten, 4)) from (select ten from tenk1 where unique1 < 15 order by unique1) ss;
+select array_agg(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 < -15;
+
+-- array_agg(anyarray)
+select array_agg(ar)
+  from (values ('{1,2}'::int[]), ('{3,4}'::int[])) v(ar);
+select array_agg(distinct ar order by ar desc)
+  from (select array[i / 2] from generate_series(1,10) a(i)) b(ar);
+select array_agg(ar)
+  from (select array_agg(array[i, i+1, i-1])
+        from generate_series(1,2) a(i)) b(ar);
+select array_agg(array[i+1.2, i+1.3, i+1.4]) from generate_series(1,3) g(i);
+select array_agg(array['Hello', i::text]) from generate_series(9,11) g(i);
+select array_agg(array[i, nullif(i, 3), i+1]) from generate_series(1,4) g(i);
+-- errors
+select array_agg('{}'::int[]) from generate_series(1,2);
+select array_agg(null::int[]) from generate_series(1,2);
+select array_agg(ar)
+  from (values ('{1,2}'::int[]), ('{3}'::int[])) v(ar);
+
+select unnest(array[1,2,3]);
+select * from unnest(array[1,2,3]);
+select unnest(array[1,2,3,4.5]::float8[]);
+select unnest(array[1,2,3,4.5]::numeric[]);
+select unnest(array[1,2,3,null,4,null,null,5,6]);
+select unnest(array[1,2,3,null,4,null,null,5,6]::text[]);
+select abs(unnest(array[1,2,null,-3]));
+select array_remove(array[1,2,2,3], 2);
+select array_remove(array[1,2,2,3], 5);
+select array_remove(array[1,NULL,NULL,3], NULL);
+select array_remove(array['A','CC','D','C','RR'], 'RR');
+select array_remove(array[1.0, 2.1, 3.3], 1);
+select array_remove('{{1,2,2},{1,4,3}}', 2); -- not allowed
+select array_remove(array['X','X','X'], 'X') = '{}';
+select array_replace(array[1,2,5,4],5,3);
+select array_replace(array[1,2,5,4],5,NULL);
+select array_replace(array[1,2,NULL,4,NULL],NULL,5);
+select array_replace(array['A','B','DD','B'],'B','CC');
+select array_replace(array[1,NULL,3],NULL,NULL);
+select array_replace(array['AB',NULL,'CDE'],NULL,'12');
+
+-- array(select array-value ...)
+select array(select array[i,i/2] from generate_series(1,5) i);
+select array(select array['Hello', i::text] from generate_series(9,11) i);
+
+-- Insert/update on a column that is array of composite
+
+create temp table t1 (f1 int8_tbl[]);
+insert into t1 (f1[5].q1) values(42);
+select * from t1;
+update t1 set f1[5].q2 = 43;
+select * from t1;
+
+-- Check that arrays of composites are safely detoasted when needed
+
+create temp table src (f1 text);
+insert into src
+  select string_agg(random()::text,'') from generate_series(1,10000);
+create type textandtext as (c1 text, c2 text);
+create temp table dest (f1 textandtext[]);
+insert into dest select array[row(f1,f1)::textandtext] from src;
+select length(md5((f1[1]).c2)) from dest;
+delete from src;
+select length(md5((f1[1]).c2)) from dest;
+truncate table src;
+drop table src;
+select length(md5((f1[1]).c2)) from dest;
+drop table dest;
+drop type textandtext;
+
+-- Tests for polymorphic-array form of width_bucket()
+
+-- this exercises the varwidth and float8 code paths
+SELECT
+    op,
+    width_bucket(op::numeric, ARRAY[1, 3, 5, 10.0]::numeric[]) AS wb_n1,
+    width_bucket(op::numeric, ARRAY[0, 5.5, 9.99]::numeric[]) AS wb_n2,
+    width_bucket(op::numeric, ARRAY[-6, -5, 2.0]::numeric[]) AS wb_n3,
+    width_bucket(op::float8, ARRAY[1, 3, 5, 10.0]::float8[]) AS wb_f1,
+    width_bucket(op::float8, ARRAY[0, 5.5, 9.99]::float8[]) AS wb_f2,
+    width_bucket(op::float8, ARRAY[-6, -5, 2.0]::float8[]) AS wb_f3
+FROM (VALUES
+  (-5.2),
+  (-0.0000000001),
+  (0.000000000001),
+  (1),
+  (1.99999999999999),
+  (2),
+  (2.00000000000001),
+  (3),
+  (4),
+  (4.5),
+  (5),
+  (5.5),
+  (6),
+  (7),
+  (8),
+  (9),
+  (9.99999999999999),
+  (10),
+  (10.0000000000001)
+) v(op);
+
+-- ensure float8 path handles NaN properly
+SELECT
+    op,
+    width_bucket(op, ARRAY[1, 3, 9, 'NaN', 'NaN']::float8[]) AS wb
+FROM (VALUES
+  (-5.2::float8),
+  (4::float8),
+  (77::float8),
+  ('NaN'::float8)
+) v(op);
+
+-- these exercise the generic fixed-width code path
+SELECT
+    op,
+    width_bucket(op, ARRAY[1, 3, 5, 10]) AS wb_1
+FROM generate_series(0,11) as op;
+
+SELECT width_bucket(now(),
+                    array['yesterday', 'today', 'tomorrow']::timestamptz[]);
+
+-- corner cases
+SELECT width_bucket(5, ARRAY[3]);
+SELECT width_bucket(5, '{}');
+
+-- error cases
+SELECT width_bucket('5'::text, ARRAY[3, 4]::integer[]);
+SELECT width_bucket(5, ARRAY[3, 4, NULL]);
+SELECT width_bucket(5, ARRAY[ARRAY[1, 2], ARRAY[3, 4]]);
+
+-- trim_array
+
+SELECT arr, trim_array(arr, 2)
+FROM
+(VALUES ('{1,2,3,4,5,6}'::bigint[]),
+        ('{1,2}'),
+        ('[10:16]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}'),
+        ('[-15:-10]={1,2,3,4,5,6}'),
+        ('{{1,10},{2,20},{3,30},{4,40}}')) v(arr);
+
+SELECT trim_array(ARRAY[1, 2, 3], -1); -- fail
+SELECT trim_array(ARRAY[1, 2, 3], 10); -- fail
+SELECT trim_array(ARRAY[]::int[], 1); -- fail
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/async.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/async.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40f6e01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/async.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+--
+-- ASYNC
+--
+
+--Should work. Send a valid message via a valid channel name
+SELECT pg_notify('notify_async1','sample message1');
+SELECT pg_notify('notify_async1','');
+SELECT pg_notify('notify_async1',NULL);
+
+-- Should fail. Send a valid message via an invalid channel name
+SELECT pg_notify('','sample message1');
+SELECT pg_notify(NULL,'sample message1');
+SELECT pg_notify('notify_async_channel_name_too_long______________________________','sample_message1');
+
+--Should work. Valid NOTIFY/LISTEN/UNLISTEN commands
+NOTIFY notify_async2;
+LISTEN notify_async2;
+UNLISTEN notify_async2;
+UNLISTEN *;
+
+-- Should return zero while there are no pending notifications.
+-- src/test/isolation/specs/async-notify.spec tests for actual usage.
+SELECT pg_notification_queue_usage();
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/bit.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/bit.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a424e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/bit.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+--
+-- BIT types
+--
+
+--
+-- Build tables for testing
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE BIT_TABLE(b BIT(11));
+
+INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES (B'10'); -- too short
+INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES (B'00000000000');
+INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES (B'11011000000');
+INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES (B'01010101010');
+INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES (B'101011111010'); -- too long
+--INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES ('X554');
+--INSERT INTO BIT_TABLE VALUES ('X555');
+
+SELECT * FROM BIT_TABLE;
+
+CREATE TABLE VARBIT_TABLE(v BIT VARYING(11));
+
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES (B'');
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES (B'0');
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES (B'010101');
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES (B'01010101010');
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES (B'101011111010'); -- too long
+--INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES ('X554');
+--INSERT INTO VARBIT_TABLE VALUES ('X555');
+SELECT * FROM VARBIT_TABLE;
+
+
+-- Concatenation
+SELECT v, b, (v || b) AS concat
+       FROM BIT_TABLE, VARBIT_TABLE
+       ORDER BY 3;
+
+-- Length
+SELECT b, length(b) AS lb
+       FROM BIT_TABLE;
+SELECT v, length(v) AS lv
+       FROM VARBIT_TABLE;
+
+-- Substring
+SELECT b,
+       SUBSTRING(b FROM 2 FOR 4) AS sub_2_4,
+       SUBSTRING(b FROM 7 FOR 13) AS sub_7_13,
+       SUBSTRING(b FROM 6) AS sub_6
+       FROM BIT_TABLE;
+SELECT v,
+       SUBSTRING(v FROM 2 FOR 4) AS sub_2_4,
+       SUBSTRING(v FROM 7 FOR 13) AS sub_7_13,
+       SUBSTRING(v FROM 6) AS sub_6
+       FROM VARBIT_TABLE;
+
+-- test overflow cases
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::bit(8) FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "1010101";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::bit(8) FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "01010101";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::bit(8) FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::varbit FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "1010101";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::varbit FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "01010101";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('01010101'::varbit FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
+
+--- Bit operations
+DROP TABLE varbit_table;
+CREATE TABLE varbit_table (a BIT VARYING(16), b BIT VARYING(16));
+COPY varbit_table FROM stdin;
+X0F	X10
+X1F	X11
+X2F	X12
+X3F	X13
+X8F	X04
+X000F	X0010
+X0123	XFFFF
+X2468	X2468
+XFA50	X05AF
+X1234	XFFF5
+\.
+
+SELECT a, b, ~a AS "~ a", a & b AS "a & b",
+       a | b AS "a | b", a # b AS "a # b" FROM varbit_table;
+SELECT a,b,a<b AS "a<b",a<=b AS "a<=b",a=b AS "a=b",
+        a>=b AS "a>=b",a>b AS "a>b",a<>b AS "a<>b" FROM varbit_table;
+SELECT a,a<<4 AS "a<<4",b,b>>2 AS "b>>2" FROM varbit_table;
+
+DROP TABLE varbit_table;
+
+--- Bit operations
+DROP TABLE bit_table;
+CREATE TABLE bit_table (a BIT(16), b BIT(16));
+COPY bit_table FROM stdin;
+X0F00	X1000
+X1F00	X1100
+X2F00	X1200
+X3F00	X1300
+X8F00	X0400
+X000F	X0010
+X0123	XFFFF
+X2468	X2468
+XFA50	X05AF
+X1234	XFFF5
+\.
+
+SELECT a,b,~a AS "~ a",a & b AS "a & b",
+	a|b AS "a | b", a # b AS "a # b" FROM bit_table;
+SELECT a,b,a<b AS "a<b",a<=b AS "a<=b",a=b AS "a=b",
+        a>=b AS "a>=b",a>b AS "a>b",a<>b AS "a<>b" FROM bit_table;
+SELECT a,a<<4 AS "a<<4",b,b>>2 AS "b>>2" FROM bit_table;
+
+DROP TABLE bit_table;
+
+
+-- The following should fail
+select B'001' & B'10';
+select B'0111' | B'011';
+select B'0010' # B'011101';
+
+-- More position tests, checking all the boundary cases
+SELECT POSITION(B'1010' IN B'0000101');   -- 0
+SELECT POSITION(B'1010' IN B'00001010');  -- 5
+SELECT POSITION(B'1010' IN B'00000101');  -- 0
+SELECT POSITION(B'1010' IN B'000001010');  -- 6
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'' IN B'00001010');  -- 1
+SELECT POSITION(B'0' IN B'');  -- 0
+SELECT POSITION(B'' IN B'');  -- 0
+SELECT POSITION(B'101101' IN B'001011011011011000');  -- 3
+SELECT POSITION(B'10110110' IN B'001011011011010');  -- 3
+SELECT POSITION(B'1011011011011' IN B'001011011011011');  -- 3
+SELECT POSITION(B'1011011011011' IN B'00001011011011011');  -- 5
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'11101011' IN B'11101011'); -- 1
+SELECT POSITION(B'11101011' IN B'011101011'); -- 2
+SELECT POSITION(B'11101011' IN B'00011101011'); -- 4
+SELECT POSITION(B'11101011' IN B'0000011101011'); -- 6
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'111010110'); -- 1
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0111010110'); -- 2
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'000111010110'); -- 4
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'00000111010110'); -- 6
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'11101011'); -- 0
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'011101011'); -- 0
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'00011101011'); -- 0
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0000011101011'); -- 0
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'111010110'); -- 1
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0111010110'); -- 2
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'000111010110'); -- 4
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'00000111010110'); -- 6
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'000001110101111101011'); -- 0
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0000001110101111101011'); -- 0
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'000000001110101111101011'); -- 0
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'00000000001110101111101011'); -- 0
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0000011101011111010110'); -- 14
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'00000011101011111010110'); -- 15
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'0000000011101011111010110'); -- 17
+SELECT POSITION(B'111010110' IN B'000000000011101011111010110'); -- 19
+
+SELECT POSITION(B'000000000011101011111010110' IN B'000000000011101011111010110'); -- 1
+SELECT POSITION(B'00000000011101011111010110' IN B'000000000011101011111010110'); -- 2
+SELECT POSITION(B'0000000000011101011111010110' IN B'000000000011101011111010110'); -- 0
+
+
+-- Shifting
+
+CREATE TABLE BIT_SHIFT_TABLE(b BIT(16));
+INSERT INTO BIT_SHIFT_TABLE VALUES (B'1101100000000000');
+INSERT INTO BIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT b>>1 FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO BIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT b>>2 FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO BIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT b>>4 FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO BIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT b>>8 FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+SELECT POSITION(B'1101' IN b),
+       POSITION(B'11011' IN b),
+       b
+       FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+SELECT b, b >> 1 AS bsr, b << 1 AS bsl
+       FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+SELECT b, b >> 8 AS bsr8, b << 8 AS bsl8
+       FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+SELECT b::bit(15), b::bit(15) >> 1 AS bsr, b::bit(15) << 1 AS bsl
+       FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+SELECT b::bit(15), b::bit(15) >> 8 AS bsr8, b::bit(15) << 8 AS bsl8
+       FROM BIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+
+
+CREATE TABLE VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE(v BIT VARYING(20));
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE VALUES (B'11011');
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT CAST(v || B'0' AS BIT VARYING(6)) >>1 FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT CAST(v || B'00' AS BIT VARYING(8)) >>2 FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT CAST(v || B'0000' AS BIT VARYING(12)) >>4 FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+INSERT INTO VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE SELECT CAST(v || B'00000000' AS BIT VARYING(20)) >>8 FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+SELECT POSITION(B'1101' IN v),
+       POSITION(B'11011' IN v),
+       v
+       FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+SELECT v, v >> 1 AS vsr, v << 1 AS vsl
+       FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+SELECT v, v >> 8 AS vsr8, v << 8 AS vsl8
+       FROM VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE ;
+
+DROP TABLE BIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+DROP TABLE VARBIT_SHIFT_TABLE;
+
+-- Get/Set bit
+SELECT get_bit(B'0101011000100', 10);
+SELECT set_bit(B'0101011000100100', 15, 1);
+SELECT set_bit(B'0101011000100100', 16, 1);	-- fail
+
+-- Overlay
+SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '001' from 2 for 3);
+SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '101' from 6);
+SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '001' from 11);
+SELECT overlay(B'0101011100' placing '001' from 20);
+
+-- bit_count
+SELECT bit_count(B'0101011100'::bit(10));
+SELECT bit_count(B'1111111111'::bit(10));
+
+-- This table is intentionally left around to exercise pg_dump/pg_upgrade
+CREATE TABLE bit_defaults(
+  b1 bit(4) DEFAULT '1001',
+  b2 bit(4) DEFAULT B'0101',
+  b3 bit varying(5) DEFAULT '1001',
+  b4 bit varying(5) DEFAULT B'0101'
+);
+\d bit_defaults
+INSERT INTO bit_defaults DEFAULT VALUES;
+TABLE bit_defaults;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/bitmapops.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/bitmapops.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..498f472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/bitmapops.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+-- Test bitmap AND and OR
+
+
+-- Generate enough data that we can test the lossy bitmaps.
+
+-- There's 55 tuples per page in the table. 53 is just
+-- below 55, so that an index scan with qual a = constant
+-- will return at least one hit per page. 59 is just above
+-- 55, so that an index scan with qual b = constant will return
+-- hits on most but not all pages. 53 and 59 are prime, so that
+-- there's a maximum number of a,b combinations in the table.
+-- That allows us to test all the different combinations of
+-- lossy and non-lossy pages with the minimum amount of data
+
+CREATE TABLE bmscantest (a int, b int, t text);
+
+INSERT INTO bmscantest
+  SELECT (r%53), (r%59), 'foooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo'
+  FROM generate_series(1,70000) r;
+
+CREATE INDEX i_bmtest_a ON bmscantest(a);
+CREATE INDEX i_bmtest_b ON bmscantest(b);
+
+-- We want to use bitmapscans. With default settings, the planner currently
+-- chooses a bitmap scan for the queries below anyway, but let's make sure.
+set enable_indexscan=false;
+set enable_seqscan=false;
+
+-- Lower work_mem to trigger use of lossy bitmaps
+set work_mem = 64;
+
+
+-- Test bitmap-and.
+SELECT count(*) FROM bmscantest WHERE a = 1 AND b = 1;
+
+-- Test bitmap-or.
+SELECT count(*) FROM bmscantest WHERE a = 1 OR b = 1;
+
+
+-- clean up
+DROP TABLE bmscantest;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/boolean.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/boolean.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dd47aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/boolean.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+--
+-- BOOLEAN
+--
+
+--
+-- sanity check - if this fails go insane!
+--
+SELECT 1 AS one;
+
+
+-- ******************testing built-in type bool********************
+
+-- check bool input syntax
+
+SELECT true AS true;
+
+SELECT false AS false;
+
+SELECT bool 't' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool '   f           ' AS false;
+
+SELECT bool 'true' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool 'test' AS error;
+
+SELECT bool 'false' AS false;
+
+SELECT bool 'foo' AS error;
+
+SELECT bool 'y' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool 'yes' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool 'yeah' AS error;
+
+SELECT bool 'n' AS false;
+
+SELECT bool 'no' AS false;
+
+SELECT bool 'nay' AS error;
+
+SELECT bool 'on' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool 'off' AS false;
+
+SELECT bool 'of' AS false;
+
+SELECT bool 'o' AS error;
+
+SELECT bool 'on_' AS error;
+
+SELECT bool 'off_' AS error;
+
+SELECT bool '1' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool '11' AS error;
+
+SELECT bool '0' AS false;
+
+SELECT bool '000' AS error;
+
+SELECT bool '' AS error;
+
+-- and, or, not in qualifications
+
+SELECT bool 't' or bool 'f' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool 't' and bool 'f' AS false;
+
+SELECT not bool 'f' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool 't' = bool 'f' AS false;
+
+SELECT bool 't' <> bool 'f' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool 't' > bool 'f' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool 't' >= bool 'f' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool 'f' < bool 't' AS true;
+
+SELECT bool 'f' <= bool 't' AS true;
+
+-- explicit casts to/from text
+SELECT 'TrUe'::text::boolean AS true, 'fAlse'::text::boolean AS false;
+SELECT '    true   '::text::boolean AS true,
+       '     FALSE'::text::boolean AS false;
+SELECT true::boolean::text AS true, false::boolean::text AS false;
+
+SELECT '  tru e '::text::boolean AS invalid;    -- error
+SELECT ''::text::boolean AS invalid;            -- error
+
+CREATE TABLE BOOLTBL1 (f1 bool);
+
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL1 (f1) VALUES (bool 't');
+
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL1 (f1) VALUES (bool 'True');
+
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL1 (f1) VALUES (bool 'true');
+
+
+-- BOOLTBL1 should be full of true's at this point
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.* FROM BOOLTBL1;
+
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 = bool 'true';
+
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 <> bool 'false';
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE booleq(bool 'false', f1);
+
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL1 (f1) VALUES (bool 'f');
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 = bool 'false';
+
+
+CREATE TABLE BOOLTBL2 (f1 bool);
+
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL2 (f1) VALUES (bool 'f');
+
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL2 (f1) VALUES (bool 'false');
+
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL2 (f1) VALUES (bool 'False');
+
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL2 (f1) VALUES (bool 'FALSE');
+
+-- This is now an invalid expression
+-- For pre-v6.3 this evaluated to false - thomas 1997-10-23
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL2 (f1)
+   VALUES (bool 'XXX');
+
+-- BOOLTBL2 should be full of false's at this point
+SELECT BOOLTBL2.* FROM BOOLTBL2;
+
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*, BOOLTBL2.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1, BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE BOOLTBL2.f1 <> BOOLTBL1.f1;
+
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*, BOOLTBL2.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1, BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE boolne(BOOLTBL2.f1,BOOLTBL1.f1);
+
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*, BOOLTBL2.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1, BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE BOOLTBL2.f1 = BOOLTBL1.f1 and BOOLTBL1.f1 = bool 'false';
+
+
+SELECT BOOLTBL1.*, BOOLTBL2.*
+   FROM BOOLTBL1, BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE BOOLTBL2.f1 = BOOLTBL1.f1 or BOOLTBL1.f1 = bool 'true'
+   ORDER BY BOOLTBL1.f1, BOOLTBL2.f1;
+
+--
+-- SQL syntax
+-- Try all combinations to ensure that we get nothing when we expect nothing
+-- - thomas 2000-01-04
+--
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 IS TRUE;
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 IS NOT FALSE;
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 IS FALSE;
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL1
+   WHERE f1 IS NOT TRUE;
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE f1 IS TRUE;
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE f1 IS NOT FALSE;
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE f1 IS FALSE;
+
+SELECT f1
+   FROM BOOLTBL2
+   WHERE f1 IS NOT TRUE;
+
+--
+-- Tests for BooleanTest
+--
+CREATE TABLE BOOLTBL3 (d text, b bool, o int);
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL3 (d, b, o) VALUES ('true', true, 1);
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL3 (d, b, o) VALUES ('false', false, 2);
+INSERT INTO BOOLTBL3 (d, b, o) VALUES ('null', null, 3);
+
+SELECT
+    d,
+    b IS TRUE AS istrue,
+    b IS NOT TRUE AS isnottrue,
+    b IS FALSE AS isfalse,
+    b IS NOT FALSE AS isnotfalse,
+    b IS UNKNOWN AS isunknown,
+    b IS NOT UNKNOWN AS isnotunknown
+FROM booltbl3 ORDER BY o;
+
+
+-- Test to make sure short-circuiting and NULL handling is
+-- correct. Use a table as source to prevent constant simplification
+-- to interfer.
+CREATE TABLE booltbl4(isfalse bool, istrue bool, isnul bool);
+INSERT INTO booltbl4 VALUES (false, true, null);
+\pset null '(null)'
+
+-- AND expression need to return null if there's any nulls and not all
+-- of the value are true
+SELECT istrue AND isnul AND istrue FROM booltbl4;
+SELECT istrue AND istrue AND isnul FROM booltbl4;
+SELECT isnul AND istrue AND istrue FROM booltbl4;
+SELECT isfalse AND isnul AND istrue FROM booltbl4;
+SELECT istrue AND isfalse AND isnul FROM booltbl4;
+SELECT isnul AND istrue AND isfalse FROM booltbl4;
+
+-- OR expression need to return null if there's any nulls and none
+-- of the value is true
+SELECT isfalse OR isnul OR isfalse FROM booltbl4;
+SELECT isfalse OR isfalse OR isnul FROM booltbl4;
+SELECT isnul OR isfalse OR isfalse FROM booltbl4;
+SELECT isfalse OR isnul OR istrue FROM booltbl4;
+SELECT istrue OR isfalse OR isnul FROM booltbl4;
+SELECT isnul OR istrue OR isfalse FROM booltbl4;
+
+
+--
+-- Clean up
+-- Many tables are retained by the regression test, but these do not seem
+--  particularly useful so just get rid of them for now.
+--  - thomas 1997-11-30
+--
+
+DROP TABLE  BOOLTBL1;
+
+DROP TABLE  BOOLTBL2;
+
+DROP TABLE  BOOLTBL3;
+
+DROP TABLE  BOOLTBL4;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/box.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/box.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ceae58f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/box.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+--
+-- BOX
+--
+
+--
+-- box logic
+--	     o
+-- 3	  o--|X
+--	  |  o|
+-- 2	+-+-+ |
+--	| | | |
+-- 1	| o-+-o
+--	|   |
+-- 0	+---+
+--
+--	0 1 2 3
+--
+
+-- boxes are specified by two points, given by four floats x1,y1,x2,y2
+
+
+CREATE TABLE BOX_TBL (f1 box);
+
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(2.0,2.0,0.0,0.0)');
+
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(1.0,1.0,3.0,3.0)');
+
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('((-8, 2), (-2, -10))');
+
+
+-- degenerate cases where the box is a line or a point
+-- note that lines and points boxes all have zero area
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(2.5, 2.5, 2.5,3.5)');
+
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(3.0, 3.0,3.0,3.0)');
+
+-- badly formatted box inputs
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(2.3, 4.5)');
+
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('[1, 2, 3, 4)');
+
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(1, 2, 3, 4]');
+
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('(1, 2, 3, 4) x');
+
+INSERT INTO BOX_TBL (f1) VALUES ('asdfasdf(ad');
+
+
+SELECT * FROM BOX_TBL;
+
+SELECT b.*, area(b.f1) as barea
+   FROM BOX_TBL b;
+
+-- overlap
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 && box '(2.5,2.5,1.0,1.0)';
+
+-- left-or-overlap (x only)
+SELECT b1.*
+   FROM BOX_TBL b1
+   WHERE b1.f1 &< box '(2.0,2.0,2.5,2.5)';
+
+-- right-or-overlap (x only)
+SELECT b1.*
+   FROM BOX_TBL b1
+   WHERE b1.f1 &> box '(2.0,2.0,2.5,2.5)';
+
+-- left of
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 << box '(3.0,3.0,5.0,5.0)';
+
+-- area <=
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 <= box '(3.0,3.0,5.0,5.0)';
+
+-- area <
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 < box '(3.0,3.0,5.0,5.0)';
+
+-- area =
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 = box '(3.0,3.0,5.0,5.0)';
+
+-- area >
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b				-- zero area
+   WHERE b.f1 > box '(3.5,3.0,4.5,3.0)';
+
+-- area >=
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b				-- zero area
+   WHERE b.f1 >= box '(3.5,3.0,4.5,3.0)';
+
+-- right of
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE box '(3.0,3.0,5.0,5.0)' >> b.f1;
+
+-- contained in
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE b.f1 <@ box '(0,0,3,3)';
+
+-- contains
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE box '(0,0,3,3)' @> b.f1;
+
+-- box equality
+SELECT b.f1
+   FROM BOX_TBL b
+   WHERE box '(1,1,3,3)' ~= b.f1;
+
+-- center of box, left unary operator
+SELECT @@(b1.f1) AS p
+   FROM BOX_TBL b1;
+
+-- wholly-contained
+SELECT b1.*, b2.*
+   FROM BOX_TBL b1, BOX_TBL b2
+   WHERE b1.f1 @> b2.f1 and not b1.f1 ~= b2.f1;
+
+SELECT height(f1), width(f1) FROM BOX_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Test the SP-GiST index
+--
+
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE box_temp (f1 box);
+
+INSERT INTO box_temp
+	SELECT box(point(i, i), point(i * 2, i * 2))
+	FROM generate_series(1, 50) AS i;
+
+CREATE INDEX box_spgist ON box_temp USING spgist (f1);
+
+INSERT INTO box_temp
+	VALUES (NULL),
+		   ('(0,0)(0,100)'),
+		   ('(-3,4.3333333333)(40,1)'),
+		   ('(0,100)(0,infinity)'),
+		   ('(-infinity,0)(0,infinity)'),
+		   ('(-infinity,-infinity)(infinity,infinity)');
+
+SET enable_seqscan = false;
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 << '(10,20),(30,40)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 << '(10,20),(30,40)';
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &< '(10,4.333334),(5,100)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &< '(10,4.333334),(5,100)';
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 && '(15,20),(25,30)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 && '(15,20),(25,30)';
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &> '(40,30),(45,50)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &> '(40,30),(45,50)';
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 >> '(30,40),(40,30)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 >> '(30,40),(40,30)';
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 <<| '(10,4.33334),(5,100)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 <<| '(10,4.33334),(5,100)';
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &<| '(10,4.3333334),(5,1)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 &<| '(10,4.3333334),(5,1)';
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 |&> '(49.99,49.99),(49.99,49.99)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 |&> '(49.99,49.99),(49.99,49.99)';
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 |>> '(37,38),(39,40)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 |>> '(37,38),(39,40)';
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 @> '(10,11),(15,16)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 @> '(10,11),(15,15)';
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 <@ '(10,15),(30,35)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 <@ '(10,15),(30,35)';
+
+SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 ~= '(20,20),(40,40)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM box_temp WHERE f1 ~= '(20,20),(40,40)';
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+DROP INDEX box_spgist;
+
+--
+-- Test the SP-GiST index on the larger volume of data
+--
+CREATE TABLE quad_box_tbl (id int, b box);
+
+INSERT INTO quad_box_tbl
+  SELECT (x - 1) * 100 + y, box(point(x * 10, y * 10), point(x * 10 + 5, y * 10 + 5))
+  FROM generate_series(1, 100) x,
+       generate_series(1, 100) y;
+
+-- insert repeating data to test allTheSame
+INSERT INTO quad_box_tbl
+  SELECT i, '((200, 300),(210, 310))'
+  FROM generate_series(10001, 11000) AS i;
+
+INSERT INTO quad_box_tbl
+VALUES
+  (11001, NULL),
+  (11002, NULL),
+  (11003, '((-infinity,-infinity),(infinity,infinity))'),
+  (11004, '((-infinity,100),(-infinity,500))'),
+  (11005, '((-infinity,-infinity),(700,infinity))');
+
+CREATE INDEX quad_box_tbl_idx ON quad_box_tbl USING spgist(b);
+
+-- get reference results for ORDER BY distance from seq scan
+SET enable_seqscan = ON;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+
+CREATE TABLE quad_box_tbl_ord_seq1 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl;
+
+CREATE TABLE quad_box_tbl_ord_seq2 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <@ box '((200,300),(500,600))';
+
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <<  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b &<  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b &&  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b &>  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b >>  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b >>  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <<| box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b &<| box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b |&> box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b |>> box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b @>  box '((201,301),(202,303))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <@  box '((100,200),(300,500))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b ~=  box '((200,300),(205,305))';
+
+-- test ORDER BY distance
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl;
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_box_tbl_ord_idx1 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl;
+
+SELECT *
+FROM quad_box_tbl_ord_seq1 seq FULL JOIN quad_box_tbl_ord_idx1 idx
+	ON seq.n = idx.n AND seq.id = idx.id AND
+		(seq.dist = idx.dist OR seq.dist IS NULL AND idx.dist IS NULL)
+WHERE seq.id IS NULL OR idx.id IS NULL;
+
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <@ box '((200,300),(500,600))';
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_box_tbl_ord_idx2 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY b <-> point '123,456') n, b <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_box_tbl WHERE b <@ box '((200,300),(500,600))';
+
+SELECT *
+FROM quad_box_tbl_ord_seq2 seq FULL JOIN quad_box_tbl_ord_idx2 idx
+	ON seq.n = idx.n AND seq.id = idx.id AND
+		(seq.dist = idx.dist OR seq.dist IS NULL AND idx.dist IS NULL)
+WHERE seq.id IS NULL OR idx.id IS NULL;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/brin.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/brin.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e68e9e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/brin.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+CREATE TABLE brintest (byteacol bytea,
+	charcol "char",
+	namecol name,
+	int8col bigint,
+	int2col smallint,
+	int4col integer,
+	textcol text,
+	oidcol oid,
+	tidcol tid,
+	float4col real,
+	float8col double precision,
+	macaddrcol macaddr,
+	inetcol inet,
+	cidrcol cidr,
+	bpcharcol character,
+	datecol date,
+	timecol time without time zone,
+	timestampcol timestamp without time zone,
+	timestamptzcol timestamp with time zone,
+	intervalcol interval,
+	timetzcol time with time zone,
+	bitcol bit(10),
+	varbitcol bit varying(16),
+	numericcol numeric,
+	uuidcol uuid,
+	int4rangecol int4range,
+	lsncol pg_lsn,
+	boxcol box
+) WITH (fillfactor=10, autovacuum_enabled=off);
+
+INSERT INTO brintest SELECT
+	repeat(stringu1, 8)::bytea,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::"char",
+	stringu1::name, 142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	repeat(stringu1, 8),
+	unique1::oid,
+	format('(%s,%s)', tenthous, twenty)::tid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	inet '10.2.3.4/24' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::bpchar,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20+02' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	thousand::bit(10),
+	tenthous::bit(16)::varbit,
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	int4range(thousand, twothousand),
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn,
+	box(point(odd, even), point(thousand, twothousand))
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 100;
+
+-- throw in some NULL's and different values
+INSERT INTO brintest (inetcol, cidrcol, int4rangecol) SELECT
+	inet 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous,
+	cidr 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous,
+	'empty'::int4range
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY thousand, tenthous LIMIT 25;
+
+CREATE INDEX brinidx ON brintest USING brin (
+	byteacol,
+	charcol,
+	namecol,
+	int8col,
+	int2col,
+	int4col,
+	textcol,
+	oidcol,
+	tidcol,
+	float4col,
+	float8col,
+	macaddrcol,
+	inetcol inet_inclusion_ops,
+	inetcol inet_minmax_ops,
+	cidrcol inet_inclusion_ops,
+	cidrcol inet_minmax_ops,
+	bpcharcol,
+	datecol,
+	timecol,
+	timestampcol,
+	timestamptzcol,
+	intervalcol,
+	timetzcol,
+	bitcol,
+	varbitcol,
+	numericcol,
+	uuidcol,
+	int4rangecol,
+	lsncol,
+	boxcol
+) with (pages_per_range = 1);
+
+CREATE TABLE brinopers (colname name, typ text,
+	op text[], value text[], matches int[],
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(value)),
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(matches)));
+
+INSERT INTO brinopers VALUES
+	('byteacol', 'bytea',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{AAAAAA, AAAAAA, BNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAA, ZZZZZZ, ZZZZZZ}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('charcol', '"char"',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{A, A, M, Z, Z}',
+	 '{97, 100, 6, 100, 98}'),
+	('namecol', 'name',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{AAAAAA, AAAAAA, MAAAAA, ZZAAAA, ZZAAAA}',
+	 '{100, 100, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('int2col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int2col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int2col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=}',
+	 '{0, 0}',
+	 '{100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=}',
+	 '{0, 0}',
+	 '{100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 1257141600, 1428427143, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('textcol', 'text',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{ABABAB, ABABAB, BNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAA, ZZAAAA, ZZAAAA}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('oidcol', 'oid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 8800, 9999, 9999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('tidcol', 'tid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{"(0,0)", "(0,0)", "(8800,0)", "(9999,19)", "(9999,19)"}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('float4col', 'float4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.0103093, 0.0103093, 1, 1, 1}',
+	 '{100, 100, 4, 100, 96}'),
+	('float4col', 'float8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.0103093, 0.0103093, 1, 1, 1}',
+	 '{100, 100, 4, 100, 96}'),
+	('float8col', 'float4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 0, 1.98, 1.98}',
+	 '{99, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('float8col', 'float8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 0, 1.98, 1.98}',
+	 '{99, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('macaddrcol', 'macaddr',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00:00:01:00:00:00, 00:00:01:00:00:00, 2c:00:2d:00:16:00, ff:fe:00:00:00:00, ff:fe:00:00:00:00}',
+	 '{99, 100, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('inetcol', 'inet',
+	 '{&&, =, <, <=, >, >=, >>=, >>, <<=, <<}',
+	 '{10/8, 10.2.14.231/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0, 10.2.14.231/24, 10.2.14.231/25, 10.2.14.231/8, 0/0}',
+	 '{100, 1, 100, 100, 125, 125, 2, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('inetcol', 'inet',
+	 '{&&, >>=, <<=, =}',
+	 '{fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:a673/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:a673/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{25, 1, 25, 1}'),
+	('inetcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{&&, <, <=, >, >=, >>=, >>, <<=, <<}',
+	 '{10/8, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0, 10.2.14/24, 10.2.14/25, 10/8, 0/0}',
+	 '{100, 100, 100, 125, 125, 2, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('inetcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{&&, >>=, <<=, =}',
+	 '{fe80::/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46, fe80::/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{25, 1, 25, 1}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'inet',
+	 '{&&, =, <, <=, >, >=, >>=, >>, <<=, <<}',
+	 '{10/8, 10.2.14/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0, 10.2.14.231/24, 10.2.14.231/25, 10.2.14.231/8, 0/0}',
+	 '{100, 2, 100, 100, 125, 125, 2, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'inet',
+	 '{&&, >>=, <<=, =}',
+	 '{fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:a673/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:a673/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{25, 1, 25, 1}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{&&, =, <, <=, >, >=, >>=, >>, <<=, <<}',
+	 '{10/8, 10.2.14/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0, 10.2.14/24, 10.2.14/25, 10/8, 0/0}',
+	 '{100, 2, 100, 100, 125, 125, 2, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{&&, >>=, <<=, =}',
+	 '{fe80::/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46, fe80::/32, fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{25, 1, 25, 1}'),
+	('bpcharcol', 'bpchar',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{A, A, W, Z, Z}',
+	 '{97, 100, 6, 100, 98}'),
+	('datecol', 'date',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1995-08-15, 1995-08-15, 2009-12-01, 2022-12-30, 2022-12-30}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timecol', 'time',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{01:20:30, 01:20:30, 02:28:57, 06:28:31.5, 06:28:31.5}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestampcol', 'timestamp',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1964-03-24 19:26:45, 1984-01-20 22:42:21, 1984-01-20 22:42:21}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestampcol', 'timestamptz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1964-03-24 19:26:45, 1984-01-20 22:42:21, 1984-01-20 22:42:21}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestamptzcol', 'timestamptz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1972-10-10 03:00:00-04, 1972-10-10 03:00:00-04, 1972-10-19 09:00:00-07, 1972-11-20 19:00:00-03, 1972-11-20 19:00:00-03}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('intervalcol', 'interval',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00:00:00, 00:00:00, 1 mons 13 days 12:24, 2 mons 23 days 07:48:00, 1 year}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timetzcol', 'timetz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{01:30:20+02, 01:30:20+02, 01:35:50+02, 23:55:05+02, 23:55:05+02}',
+	 '{99, 100, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('bitcol', 'bit(10)',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0000000010, 0000000010, 0011011110, 1111111000, 1111111000}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('varbitcol', 'varbit(16)',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0000000000000100, 0000000000000100, 0001010001100110, 1111111111111000, 1111111111111000}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('numericcol', 'numeric',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.00, 0.01, 2268164.347826086956521739130434782609, 99470151.9, 99470151.9}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('uuidcol', 'uuid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00040004-0004-0004-0004-000400040004, 00040004-0004-0004-0004-000400040004, 52225222-5222-5222-5222-522252225222, 99989998-9998-9998-9998-999899989998, 99989998-9998-9998-9998-999899989998}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4rangecol', 'int4range',
+	 '{<<, &<, &&, &>, >>, @>, <@, =, <, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{"[10000,)","[10000,)","(,]","[3,4)","[36,44)","(1500,1501]","[3,4)","[222,1222)","[36,44)","[43,1043)","[367,4466)","[519,)"}',
+	 '{53, 53, 53, 53, 50, 22, 72, 1, 74, 75, 34, 21}'),
+	('int4rangecol', 'int4range',
+	 '{@>, <@, =, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{empty, empty, empty, empty, empty, empty}',
+	 '{125, 72, 72, 72, 53, 125}'),
+	('int4rangecol', 'int4',
+	 '{@>}',
+	 '{1500}',
+	 '{22}'),
+	('lsncol', 'pg_lsn',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <, IS, IS NOT}',
+	 '{0/1200, 0/1200, 44/455222, 198/1999799, 198/1999799, NULL, NULL}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100, 25, 100}'),
+	('boxcol', 'point',
+	 '{@>}',
+	 '{"(500,43)"}',
+	 '{11}'),
+	('boxcol', 'box',
+	 '{<<, &<, &&, &>, >>, <<|, &<|, |&>, |>>, @>, <@, ~=}',
+	 '{"((1000,2000),(3000,4000))","((1,2),(3000,4000))","((1,2),(3000,4000))","((1,2),(3000,4000))","((1,2),(3,4))","((1000,2000),(3000,4000))","((1,2000),(3,4000))","((1000,2),(3000,4))","((1,2),(3,4))","((1,2),(300,400))","((1,2),(3000,4000))","((222,1222),(44,45))"}',
+	 '{100, 100, 100, 99, 96, 100, 100, 99, 96, 1, 99, 1}');
+
+DO $x$
+DECLARE
+	r record;
+	r2 record;
+	cond text;
+	idx_ctids tid[];
+	ss_ctids tid[];
+	count int;
+	plan_ok bool;
+	plan_line text;
+BEGIN
+	FOR r IN SELECT colname, oper, typ, value[ordinality], matches[ordinality] FROM brinopers, unnest(op) WITH ORDINALITY AS oper LOOP
+
+		-- prepare the condition
+		IF r.value IS NULL THEN
+			cond := format('%I %s %L', r.colname, r.oper, r.value);
+		ELSE
+			cond := format('%I %s %L::%s', r.colname, r.oper, r.value, r.typ);
+		END IF;
+
+		-- run the query using the brin index
+		SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Bitmap Heap Scan on brintest%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get bitmap indexscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO idx_ctids;
+
+		-- run the query using a seqscan
+		SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Seq Scan on brintest%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get seqscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO ss_ctids;
+
+		-- make sure both return the same results
+		count := array_length(idx_ctids, 1);
+
+		IF NOT (count = array_length(ss_ctids, 1) AND
+				idx_ctids @> ss_ctids AND
+				idx_ctids <@ ss_ctids) THEN
+			-- report the results of each scan to make the differences obvious
+			RAISE WARNING 'something not right in %: count %', r, count;
+			SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'seqscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+
+			SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'bitmapscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+		END IF;
+
+		-- make sure we found expected number of matches
+		IF count != r.matches THEN RAISE WARNING 'unexpected number of results % for %', count, r; END IF;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$x$;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+
+INSERT INTO brintest SELECT
+	repeat(stringu1, 42)::bytea,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::"char",
+	stringu1::name, 142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	repeat(stringu1, 42),
+	unique1::oid,
+	format('(%s,%s)', tenthous, twenty)::tid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	inet '10.2.3.4' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::bpchar,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	thousand::bit(10),
+	tenthous::bit(16)::varbit,
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	int4range(thousand, twothousand),
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn,
+	box(point(odd, even), point(thousand, twothousand))
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 5 OFFSET 5;
+
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', 0);
+VACUUM brintest;  -- force a summarization cycle in brinidx
+
+UPDATE brintest SET int8col = int8col * int4col;
+UPDATE brintest SET textcol = '' WHERE textcol IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- Tests for brin_summarize_new_values
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brintest'); -- error, not an index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('tenk1_unique1'); -- error, not a BRIN index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brinidx'); -- ok, no change expected
+
+-- Tests for brin_desummarize_range
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', -1); -- error, invalid range
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', 0);
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', 0);
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', 100000000);
+
+-- Test brin_summarize_range
+CREATE TABLE brin_summarize (
+    value int
+) WITH (fillfactor=10, autovacuum_enabled=false);
+CREATE INDEX brin_summarize_idx ON brin_summarize USING brin (value) WITH (pages_per_range=2);
+-- Fill a few pages
+DO $$
+DECLARE curtid tid;
+BEGIN
+  LOOP
+    INSERT INTO brin_summarize VALUES (1) RETURNING ctid INTO curtid;
+    EXIT WHEN curtid > tid '(2, 0)';
+  END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', 0);
+-- nothing: already summarized
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', 1);
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', 2);
+-- nothing: page doesn't exist in table
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', 4294967295);
+-- invalid block number values
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', -1);
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_idx', 4294967296);
+
+-- test value merging in add_value
+CREATE TABLE brintest_2 (n numrange);
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_2 ON brintest_2 USING brin (n);
+INSERT INTO brintest_2 VALUES ('empty');
+INSERT INTO brintest_2 VALUES (numrange(0, 2^1000::numeric));
+INSERT INTO brintest_2 VALUES ('(-1, 0)');
+
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx', 0);
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brinidx', 0);
+DROP TABLE brintest_2;
+
+-- test brin cost estimates behave sanely based on correlation of values
+CREATE TABLE brin_test (a INT, b INT);
+INSERT INTO brin_test SELECT x/100,x%100 FROM generate_series(1,10000) x(x);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_a_idx ON brin_test USING brin (a) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_b_idx ON brin_test USING brin (b) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+VACUUM ANALYZE brin_test;
+
+-- Ensure brin index is used when columns are perfectly correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test WHERE a = 1;
+-- Ensure brin index is not used when values are not correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test WHERE b = 1;
+
+-- make sure data are properly de-toasted in BRIN index
+CREATE TABLE brintest_3 (a text, b text, c text, d text);
+
+-- long random strings (~2000 chars each, so ~6kB for min/max on two
+-- columns) to trigger toasting
+WITH rand_value AS (SELECT string_agg(md5(i::text),'') AS val FROM generate_series(1,60) s(i))
+INSERT INTO brintest_3
+SELECT val, val, val, val FROM rand_value;
+
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_toast_idx ON brintest_3 USING brin (b, c);
+DELETE FROM brintest_3;
+
+-- We need to wait a bit for all transactions to complete, so that the
+-- vacuum actually removes the TOAST rows. Creating an index concurrently
+-- is a one way to achieve that, because it does exactly such wait.
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY brin_test_temp_idx ON brintest_3(a);
+DROP INDEX brin_test_temp_idx;
+
+-- vacuum the table, to discard TOAST data
+VACUUM brintest_3;
+
+-- retry insert with a different random-looking (but deterministic) value
+-- the value is different, and so should replace either min or max in the
+-- brin summary
+WITH rand_value AS (SELECT string_agg(md5((-i)::text),'') AS val FROM generate_series(1,60) s(i))
+INSERT INTO brintest_3
+SELECT val, val, val, val FROM rand_value;
+
+-- now try some queries, accessing the brin index
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brintest_3 WHERE b < '0';
+
+SELECT * FROM brintest_3 WHERE b < '0';
+
+DROP TABLE brintest_3;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+-- test an unlogged table, mostly to get coverage of brinbuildempty
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE brintest_unlogged (n numrange);
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_unlogged ON brintest_unlogged USING brin (n);
+INSERT INTO brintest_unlogged VALUES (numrange(0, 2^1000::numeric));
+DROP TABLE brintest_unlogged;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/brin_bloom.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/brin_bloom.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d49920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/brin_bloom.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+CREATE TABLE brintest_bloom (byteacol bytea,
+	charcol "char",
+	namecol name,
+	int8col bigint,
+	int2col smallint,
+	int4col integer,
+	textcol text,
+	oidcol oid,
+	float4col real,
+	float8col double precision,
+	macaddrcol macaddr,
+	inetcol inet,
+	cidrcol cidr,
+	bpcharcol character,
+	datecol date,
+	timecol time without time zone,
+	timestampcol timestamp without time zone,
+	timestamptzcol timestamp with time zone,
+	intervalcol interval,
+	timetzcol time with time zone,
+	numericcol numeric,
+	uuidcol uuid,
+	lsncol pg_lsn
+) WITH (fillfactor=10);
+
+INSERT INTO brintest_bloom SELECT
+	repeat(stringu1, 8)::bytea,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::"char",
+	stringu1::name, 142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	repeat(stringu1, 8),
+	unique1::oid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	inet '10.2.3.4/24' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::bpchar,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20+02' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 100;
+
+-- throw in some NULL's and different values
+INSERT INTO brintest_bloom (inetcol, cidrcol) SELECT
+	inet 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous,
+	cidr 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY thousand, tenthous LIMIT 25;
+
+-- test bloom specific index options
+-- ndistinct must be >= -1.0
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_bloom ON brintest_bloom USING brin (
+	byteacol bytea_bloom_ops(n_distinct_per_range = -1.1)
+);
+-- false_positive_rate must be between 0.0001 and 0.25
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_bloom ON brintest_bloom USING brin (
+	byteacol bytea_bloom_ops(false_positive_rate = 0.00009)
+);
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_bloom ON brintest_bloom USING brin (
+	byteacol bytea_bloom_ops(false_positive_rate = 0.26)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_bloom ON brintest_bloom USING brin (
+	byteacol bytea_bloom_ops,
+	charcol char_bloom_ops,
+	namecol name_bloom_ops,
+	int8col int8_bloom_ops,
+	int2col int2_bloom_ops,
+	int4col int4_bloom_ops,
+	textcol text_bloom_ops,
+	oidcol oid_bloom_ops,
+	float4col float4_bloom_ops,
+	float8col float8_bloom_ops,
+	macaddrcol macaddr_bloom_ops,
+	inetcol inet_bloom_ops,
+	cidrcol inet_bloom_ops,
+	bpcharcol bpchar_bloom_ops,
+	datecol date_bloom_ops,
+	timecol time_bloom_ops,
+	timestampcol timestamp_bloom_ops,
+	timestamptzcol timestamptz_bloom_ops,
+	intervalcol interval_bloom_ops,
+	timetzcol timetz_bloom_ops,
+	numericcol numeric_bloom_ops,
+	uuidcol uuid_bloom_ops,
+	lsncol pg_lsn_bloom_ops
+) with (pages_per_range = 1);
+
+CREATE TABLE brinopers_bloom (colname name, typ text,
+	op text[], value text[], matches int[],
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(value)),
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(matches)));
+
+INSERT INTO brinopers_bloom VALUES
+	('byteacol', 'bytea',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{BNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAA}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('charcol', '"char"',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{M}',
+	 '{6}'),
+	('namecol', 'name',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{MAAAAA}',
+	 '{2}'),
+	('int2col', 'int2',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{800}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('int4col', 'int4',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{800}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('int8col', 'int8',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{1257141600}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('textcol', 'text',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{BNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAABNAAAA}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('oidcol', 'oid',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{8800}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('float4col', 'float4',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{1}',
+	 '{4}'),
+	('float8col', 'float8',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{0}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('macaddrcol', 'macaddr',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{2c:00:2d:00:16:00}',
+	 '{2}'),
+	('inetcol', 'inet',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{10.2.14.231/24}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('inetcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'inet',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{10.2.14/24}',
+	 '{2}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'inet',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{10.2.14/24}',
+	 '{2}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('bpcharcol', 'bpchar',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{W}',
+	 '{6}'),
+	('datecol', 'date',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{2009-12-01}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('timecol', 'time',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{02:28:57}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('timestampcol', 'timestamp',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{1964-03-24 19:26:45}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('timestamptzcol', 'timestamptz',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{1972-10-19 09:00:00-07}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('intervalcol', 'interval',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{1 mons 13 days 12:24}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('timetzcol', 'timetz',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{01:35:50+02}',
+	 '{2}'),
+	('numericcol', 'numeric',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{2268164.347826086956521739130434782609}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('uuidcol', 'uuid',
+	 '{=}',
+	 '{52225222-5222-5222-5222-522252225222}',
+	 '{1}'),
+	('lsncol', 'pg_lsn',
+	 '{=, IS, IS NOT}',
+	 '{44/455222, NULL, NULL}',
+	 '{1, 25, 100}');
+
+DO $x$
+DECLARE
+	r record;
+	r2 record;
+	cond text;
+	idx_ctids tid[];
+	ss_ctids tid[];
+	count int;
+	plan_ok bool;
+	plan_line text;
+BEGIN
+	FOR r IN SELECT colname, oper, typ, value[ordinality], matches[ordinality] FROM brinopers_bloom, unnest(op) WITH ORDINALITY AS oper LOOP
+
+		-- prepare the condition
+		IF r.value IS NULL THEN
+			cond := format('%I %s %L', r.colname, r.oper, r.value);
+		ELSE
+			cond := format('%I %s %L::%s', r.colname, r.oper, r.value, r.typ);
+		END IF;
+
+		-- run the query using the brin index
+		SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_bloom WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Bitmap Heap Scan on brintest_bloom%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get bitmap indexscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_bloom WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO idx_ctids;
+
+		-- run the query using a seqscan
+		SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_bloom WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Seq Scan on brintest_bloom%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get seqscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_bloom WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO ss_ctids;
+
+		-- make sure both return the same results
+		count := array_length(idx_ctids, 1);
+
+		IF NOT (count = array_length(ss_ctids, 1) AND
+				idx_ctids @> ss_ctids AND
+				idx_ctids <@ ss_ctids) THEN
+			-- report the results of each scan to make the differences obvious
+			RAISE WARNING 'something not right in %: count %', r, count;
+			SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest_bloom WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'seqscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+
+			SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest_bloom WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'bitmapscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+		END IF;
+
+		-- make sure we found expected number of matches
+		IF count != r.matches THEN RAISE WARNING 'unexpected number of results % for %', count, r; END IF;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$x$;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+
+INSERT INTO brintest_bloom SELECT
+	repeat(stringu1, 42)::bytea,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::"char",
+	stringu1::name, 142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	repeat(stringu1, 42),
+	unique1::oid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	inet '10.2.3.4' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	substr(stringu1, 1, 1)::bpchar,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 5 OFFSET 5;
+
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_bloom', 0);
+VACUUM brintest_bloom;  -- force a summarization cycle in brinidx
+
+UPDATE brintest_bloom SET int8col = int8col * int4col;
+UPDATE brintest_bloom SET textcol = '' WHERE textcol IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- Tests for brin_summarize_new_values
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brintest_bloom'); -- error, not an index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('tenk1_unique1'); -- error, not a BRIN index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brinidx_bloom'); -- ok, no change expected
+
+-- Tests for brin_desummarize_range
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_bloom', -1); -- error, invalid range
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_bloom', 0);
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_bloom', 0);
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_bloom', 100000000);
+
+-- Test brin_summarize_range
+CREATE TABLE brin_summarize_bloom (
+    value int
+) WITH (fillfactor=10, autovacuum_enabled=false);
+CREATE INDEX brin_summarize_bloom_idx ON brin_summarize_bloom USING brin (value) WITH (pages_per_range=2);
+-- Fill a few pages
+DO $$
+DECLARE curtid tid;
+BEGIN
+  LOOP
+    INSERT INTO brin_summarize_bloom VALUES (1) RETURNING ctid INTO curtid;
+    EXIT WHEN curtid > tid '(2, 0)';
+  END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', 0);
+-- nothing: already summarized
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', 1);
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', 2);
+-- nothing: page doesn't exist in table
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', 4294967295);
+-- invalid block number values
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', -1);
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_bloom_idx', 4294967296);
+
+
+-- test brin cost estimates behave sanely based on correlation of values
+CREATE TABLE brin_test_bloom (a INT, b INT);
+INSERT INTO brin_test_bloom SELECT x/100,x%100 FROM generate_series(1,10000) x(x);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_bloom_a_idx ON brin_test_bloom USING brin (a) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_bloom_b_idx ON brin_test_bloom USING brin (b) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+VACUUM ANALYZE brin_test_bloom;
+
+-- Ensure brin index is used when columns are perfectly correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test_bloom WHERE a = 1;
+-- Ensure brin index is not used when values are not correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test_bloom WHERE b = 1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/brin_multi.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/brin_multi.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1667081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/brin_multi.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,522 @@
+CREATE TABLE brintest_multi (
+	int8col bigint,
+	int2col smallint,
+	int4col integer,
+	oidcol oid,
+	tidcol tid,
+	float4col real,
+	float8col double precision,
+	macaddrcol macaddr,
+	macaddr8col macaddr8,
+	inetcol inet,
+	cidrcol cidr,
+	datecol date,
+	timecol time without time zone,
+	timestampcol timestamp without time zone,
+	timestamptzcol timestamp with time zone,
+	intervalcol interval,
+	timetzcol time with time zone,
+	numericcol numeric,
+	uuidcol uuid,
+	lsncol pg_lsn
+) WITH (fillfactor=10);
+
+INSERT INTO brintest_multi SELECT
+	142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	unique1::oid,
+	format('(%s,%s)', tenthous, twenty)::tid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	substr(md5(unique1::text), 1, 16)::macaddr8,
+	inet '10.2.3.4/24' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20+02' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 100;
+
+-- throw in some NULL's and different values
+INSERT INTO brintest_multi (inetcol, cidrcol) SELECT
+	inet 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous,
+	cidr 'fe80::6e40:8ff:fea9:8c46' + tenthous
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY thousand, tenthous LIMIT 25;
+
+-- test minmax-multi specific index options
+-- number of values must be >= 16
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_multi ON brintest_multi USING brin (
+	int8col int8_minmax_multi_ops(values_per_range = 7)
+);
+-- number of values must be <= 256
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_multi ON brintest_multi USING brin (
+	int8col int8_minmax_multi_ops(values_per_range = 257)
+);
+
+-- first create an index with a single page range, to force compaction
+-- due to exceeding the number of values per summary
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_multi ON brintest_multi USING brin (
+	int8col int8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	int2col int2_minmax_multi_ops,
+	int4col int4_minmax_multi_ops,
+	oidcol oid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	tidcol tid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	float4col float4_minmax_multi_ops,
+	float8col float8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	macaddrcol macaddr_minmax_multi_ops,
+	macaddr8col macaddr8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	inetcol inet_minmax_multi_ops,
+	cidrcol inet_minmax_multi_ops,
+	datecol date_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timecol time_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timestampcol timestamp_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timestamptzcol timestamptz_minmax_multi_ops,
+	intervalcol interval_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timetzcol timetz_minmax_multi_ops,
+	numericcol numeric_minmax_multi_ops,
+	uuidcol uuid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	lsncol pg_lsn_minmax_multi_ops
+);
+
+DROP INDEX brinidx_multi;
+
+CREATE INDEX brinidx_multi ON brintest_multi USING brin (
+	int8col int8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	int2col int2_minmax_multi_ops,
+	int4col int4_minmax_multi_ops,
+	oidcol oid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	tidcol tid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	float4col float4_minmax_multi_ops,
+	float8col float8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	macaddrcol macaddr_minmax_multi_ops,
+	macaddr8col macaddr8_minmax_multi_ops,
+	inetcol inet_minmax_multi_ops,
+	cidrcol inet_minmax_multi_ops,
+	datecol date_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timecol time_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timestampcol timestamp_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timestamptzcol timestamptz_minmax_multi_ops,
+	intervalcol interval_minmax_multi_ops,
+	timetzcol timetz_minmax_multi_ops,
+	numericcol numeric_minmax_multi_ops,
+	uuidcol uuid_minmax_multi_ops,
+	lsncol pg_lsn_minmax_multi_ops
+) with (pages_per_range = 1);
+
+CREATE TABLE brinopers_multi (colname name, typ text,
+	op text[], value text[], matches int[],
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(value)),
+	check (cardinality(op) = cardinality(matches)));
+
+INSERT INTO brinopers_multi VALUES
+	('int2col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int2col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int2col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 999, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int4col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 800, 1999, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int2',
+	 '{>, >=}',
+	 '{0, 0}',
+	 '{100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int4',
+	 '{>, >=}',
+	 '{0, 0}',
+	 '{100, 100}'),
+	('int8col', 'int8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 1257141600, 1428427143, 1428427143}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('oidcol', 'oid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 8800, 9999, 9999}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('tidcol', 'tid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{"(0,0)", "(0,0)", "(8800,0)", "(9999,19)", "(9999,19)"}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('float4col', 'float4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.0103093, 0.0103093, 1, 1, 1}',
+	 '{100, 100, 4, 100, 96}'),
+	('float4col', 'float8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.0103093, 0.0103093, 1, 1, 1}',
+	 '{100, 100, 4, 100, 96}'),
+	('float8col', 'float4',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 0, 1.98, 1.98}',
+	 '{99, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('float8col', 'float8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0, 0, 0, 1.98, 1.98}',
+	 '{99, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('macaddrcol', 'macaddr',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00:00:01:00:00:00, 00:00:01:00:00:00, 2c:00:2d:00:16:00, ff:fe:00:00:00:00, ff:fe:00:00:00:00}',
+	 '{99, 100, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('macaddr8col', 'macaddr8',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{b1:d1:0e:7b:af:a4:42:12, d9:35:91:bd:f7:86:0e:1e, 72:8f:20:6c:2a:01:bf:57, 23:e8:46:63:86:07:ad:cb, 13:16:8e:6a:2e:6c:84:b4}',
+	 '{33, 15, 1, 13, 6}'),
+	('inetcol', 'inet',
+	 '{=, <, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{10.2.14.231/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0}',
+	 '{1, 100, 100, 125, 125}'),
+	('inetcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{<, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0}',
+	 '{100, 100, 125, 125}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'inet',
+	 '{=, <, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{10.2.14/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0}',
+	 '{2, 100, 100, 125, 125}'),
+	('cidrcol', 'cidr',
+	 '{=, <, <=, >, >=}',
+	 '{10.2.14/24, 255.255.255.255, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0}',
+	 '{2, 100, 100, 125, 125}'),
+	('datecol', 'date',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1995-08-15, 1995-08-15, 2009-12-01, 2022-12-30, 2022-12-30}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timecol', 'time',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{01:20:30, 01:20:30, 02:28:57, 06:28:31.5, 06:28:31.5}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestampcol', 'timestamp',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1964-03-24 19:26:45, 1984-01-20 22:42:21, 1984-01-20 22:42:21}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestampcol', 'timestamptz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1942-07-23 03:05:09, 1964-03-24 19:26:45, 1984-01-20 22:42:21, 1984-01-20 22:42:21}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timestamptzcol', 'timestamptz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{1972-10-10 03:00:00-04, 1972-10-10 03:00:00-04, 1972-10-19 09:00:00-07, 1972-11-20 19:00:00-03, 1972-11-20 19:00:00-03}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('intervalcol', 'interval',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00:00:00, 00:00:00, 1 mons 13 days 12:24, 2 mons 23 days 07:48:00, 1 year}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('timetzcol', 'timetz',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{01:30:20+02, 01:30:20+02, 01:35:50+02, 23:55:05+02, 23:55:05+02}',
+	 '{99, 100, 2, 100, 100}'),
+	('numericcol', 'numeric',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{0.00, 0.01, 2268164.347826086956521739130434782609, 99470151.9, 99470151.9}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('uuidcol', 'uuid',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <}',
+	 '{00040004-0004-0004-0004-000400040004, 00040004-0004-0004-0004-000400040004, 52225222-5222-5222-5222-522252225222, 99989998-9998-9998-9998-999899989998, 99989998-9998-9998-9998-999899989998}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100}'),
+	('lsncol', 'pg_lsn',
+	 '{>, >=, =, <=, <, IS, IS NOT}',
+	 '{0/1200, 0/1200, 44/455222, 198/1999799, 198/1999799, NULL, NULL}',
+	 '{100, 100, 1, 100, 100, 25, 100}');
+
+DO $x$
+DECLARE
+	r record;
+	r2 record;
+	cond text;
+	idx_ctids tid[];
+	ss_ctids tid[];
+	count int;
+	plan_ok bool;
+	plan_line text;
+BEGIN
+	FOR r IN SELECT colname, oper, typ, value[ordinality], matches[ordinality] FROM brinopers_multi, unnest(op) WITH ORDINALITY AS oper LOOP
+
+		-- prepare the condition
+		IF r.value IS NULL THEN
+			cond := format('%I %s %L', r.colname, r.oper, r.value);
+		ELSE
+			cond := format('%I %s %L::%s', r.colname, r.oper, r.value, r.typ);
+		END IF;
+
+		-- run the query using the brin index
+		SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_multi WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Bitmap Heap Scan on brintest_multi%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get bitmap indexscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_multi WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO idx_ctids;
+
+		-- run the query using a seqscan
+		SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+		SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+
+		plan_ok := false;
+		FOR plan_line IN EXECUTE format($y$EXPLAIN SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_multi WHERE %s $y$, cond) LOOP
+			IF plan_line LIKE '%Seq Scan on brintest_multi%' THEN
+				plan_ok := true;
+			END IF;
+		END LOOP;
+		IF NOT plan_ok THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'did not get seqscan plan for %', r;
+		END IF;
+
+		EXECUTE format($y$SELECT array_agg(ctid) FROM brintest_multi WHERE %s $y$, cond)
+			INTO ss_ctids;
+
+		-- make sure both return the same results
+		count := array_length(idx_ctids, 1);
+
+		IF NOT (count = array_length(ss_ctids, 1) AND
+				idx_ctids @> ss_ctids AND
+				idx_ctids <@ ss_ctids) THEN
+			-- report the results of each scan to make the differences obvious
+			RAISE WARNING 'something not right in %: count %', r, count;
+			SET enable_seqscan = 1;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest_multi WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'seqscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+
+			SET enable_seqscan = 0;
+			SET enable_bitmapscan = 1;
+			FOR r2 IN EXECUTE 'SELECT ' || r.colname || ' FROM brintest_multi WHERE ' || cond LOOP
+				RAISE NOTICE 'bitmapscan: %', r2;
+			END LOOP;
+		END IF;
+
+		-- make sure we found expected number of matches
+		IF count != r.matches THEN RAISE WARNING 'unexpected number of results % for %', count, r; END IF;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$x$;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+
+INSERT INTO brintest_multi SELECT
+	142857 * tenthous,
+	thousand,
+	twothousand,
+	unique1::oid,
+	format('(%s,%s)', tenthous, twenty)::tid,
+	(four + 1.0)/(hundred+1),
+	odd::float8 / (tenthous + 1),
+	format('%s:00:%s:00:%s:00', to_hex(odd), to_hex(even), to_hex(hundred))::macaddr,
+	substr(md5(unique1::text), 1, 16)::macaddr8,
+	inet '10.2.3.4' + tenthous,
+	cidr '10.2.3/24' + tenthous,
+	date '1995-08-15' + tenthous,
+	time '01:20:30' + thousand * interval '18.5 second',
+	timestamp '1942-07-23 03:05:09' + tenthous * interval '36.38 hours',
+	timestamptz '1972-10-10 03:00' + thousand * interval '1 hour',
+	justify_days(justify_hours(tenthous * interval '12 minutes')),
+	timetz '01:30:20' + hundred * interval '15 seconds',
+	tenthous::numeric(36,30) * fivethous * even / (hundred + 1),
+	format('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'), to_char(tenthous, 'FM0000'))::uuid,
+	format('%s/%s%s', odd, even, tenthous)::pg_lsn
+FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 5 OFFSET 5;
+
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_multi', 0);
+VACUUM brintest_multi;  -- force a summarization cycle in brinidx
+
+-- Try inserting a values with NaN, to test distance calculation.
+insert into public.brintest_multi (float4col) values (real 'nan');
+insert into public.brintest_multi (float8col) values (real 'nan');
+
+UPDATE brintest_multi SET int8col = int8col * int4col;
+
+-- Test handling of inet netmasks with inet_minmax_multi_ops
+CREATE TABLE brin_test_inet (a inet);
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_test_inet USING brin (a inet_minmax_multi_ops);
+INSERT INTO brin_test_inet VALUES ('127.0.0.1/0');
+INSERT INTO brin_test_inet VALUES ('0.0.0.0/12');
+DROP TABLE brin_test_inet;
+
+-- Tests for brin_summarize_new_values
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brintest_multi'); -- error, not an index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('tenk1_unique1'); -- error, not a BRIN index
+SELECT brin_summarize_new_values('brinidx_multi'); -- ok, no change expected
+
+-- Tests for brin_desummarize_range
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_multi', -1); -- error, invalid range
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_multi', 0);
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_multi', 0);
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('brinidx_multi', 100000000);
+
+-- test building an index with many values, to force compaction of the buffer
+CREATE TABLE brin_large_range (a int4);
+INSERT INTO brin_large_range SELECT i FROM generate_series(1,10000) s(i);
+CREATE INDEX brin_large_range_idx ON brin_large_range USING brin (a int4_minmax_multi_ops);
+DROP TABLE brin_large_range;
+
+-- Test brin_summarize_range
+CREATE TABLE brin_summarize_multi (
+    value int
+) WITH (fillfactor=10, autovacuum_enabled=false);
+CREATE INDEX brin_summarize_multi_idx ON brin_summarize_multi USING brin (value) WITH (pages_per_range=2);
+-- Fill a few pages
+DO $$
+DECLARE curtid tid;
+BEGIN
+  LOOP
+    INSERT INTO brin_summarize_multi VALUES (1) RETURNING ctid INTO curtid;
+    EXIT WHEN curtid > tid '(2, 0)';
+  END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', 0);
+-- nothing: already summarized
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', 1);
+-- summarize one range
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', 2);
+-- nothing: page doesn't exist in table
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', 4294967295);
+-- invalid block number values
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', -1);
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('brin_summarize_multi_idx', 4294967296);
+
+
+-- test brin cost estimates behave sanely based on correlation of values
+CREATE TABLE brin_test_multi (a INT, b INT);
+INSERT INTO brin_test_multi SELECT x/100,x%100 FROM generate_series(1,10000) x(x);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_multi_a_idx ON brin_test_multi USING brin (a) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+CREATE INDEX brin_test_multi_b_idx ON brin_test_multi USING brin (b) WITH (pages_per_range = 2);
+VACUUM ANALYZE brin_test_multi;
+
+-- Ensure brin index is used when columns are perfectly correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test_multi WHERE a = 1;
+-- Ensure brin index is not used when values are not correlated
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM brin_test_multi WHERE b = 1;
+
+-- test overflows during CREATE INDEX with extreme timestamp values
+CREATE TABLE brin_timestamp_test(a TIMESTAMPTZ);
+
+SET datestyle TO iso;
+
+-- values close to timetamp minimum
+INSERT INTO brin_timestamp_test
+SELECT '4713-01-01 00:00:01 BC'::timestamptz + (i || ' seconds')::interval
+  FROM generate_series(1,30) s(i);
+
+-- values close to timetamp maximum
+INSERT INTO brin_timestamp_test
+SELECT '294276-12-01 00:00:01'::timestamptz + (i || ' seconds')::interval
+  FROM generate_series(1,30) s(i);
+
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_timestamp_test USING brin (a timestamptz_minmax_multi_ops) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
+DROP TABLE brin_timestamp_test;
+
+-- test overflows during CREATE INDEX with extreme date values
+CREATE TABLE brin_date_test(a DATE);
+
+-- insert values close to date minimum
+INSERT INTO brin_date_test SELECT '4713-01-01 BC'::date + i FROM generate_series(1, 30) s(i);
+
+-- insert values close to date minimum
+INSERT INTO brin_date_test SELECT '5874897-12-01'::date + i FROM generate_series(1, 30) s(i);
+
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_date_test USING brin (a date_minmax_multi_ops) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
+
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+-- make sure the ranges were built correctly and 2023-01-01 eliminates all
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_date_test WHERE a = '2023-01-01'::date;
+
+DROP TABLE brin_date_test;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+-- test handling of infinite timestamp values
+CREATE TABLE brin_timestamp_test(a TIMESTAMP);
+
+INSERT INTO brin_timestamp_test VALUES ('-infinity'), ('infinity');
+INSERT INTO brin_timestamp_test
+SELECT i FROM generate_series('2000-01-01'::timestamp, '2000-02-09'::timestamp, '1 day'::interval) s(i);
+
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_timestamp_test USING brin (a timestamp_minmax_multi_ops) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
+
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_timestamp_test WHERE a = '2023-01-01'::timestamp;
+
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_timestamp_test WHERE a = '1900-01-01'::timestamp;
+
+DROP TABLE brin_timestamp_test;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+-- test handling of infinite date values
+CREATE TABLE brin_date_test(a DATE);
+
+INSERT INTO brin_date_test VALUES ('-infinity'), ('infinity');
+INSERT INTO brin_date_test SELECT '2000-01-01'::date + i FROM generate_series(1, 40) s(i);
+
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_date_test USING brin (a date_minmax_multi_ops) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
+
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_date_test WHERE a = '2023-01-01'::date;
+
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_date_test WHERE a = '1900-01-01'::date;
+
+DROP TABLE brin_date_test;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET datestyle;
+
+-- test handling of overflow for interval values
+CREATE TABLE brin_interval_test(a INTERVAL);
+
+INSERT INTO brin_interval_test SELECT (i || ' years')::interval FROM generate_series(-178000000, -177999980) s(i);
+
+INSERT INTO brin_interval_test SELECT (i || ' years')::interval FROM generate_series( 177999980,  178000000) s(i);
+
+CREATE INDEX ON brin_interval_test USING brin (a interval_minmax_multi_ops) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
+
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_interval_test WHERE a = '-30 years'::interval;
+
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF)
+SELECT * FROM brin_interval_test WHERE a = '30 years'::interval;
+
+DROP TABLE brin_interval_test;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET datestyle;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/btree_index.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/btree_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..239f4a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/btree_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+--
+-- BTREE_INDEX
+--
+
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+
+CREATE TABLE bt_i4_heap (
+	seqno 		int4,
+	random 		int4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE bt_name_heap (
+	seqno 		name,
+	random 		int4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE bt_txt_heap (
+	seqno 		text,
+	random 		int4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE bt_f8_heap (
+	seqno 		float8,
+	random 		int4
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/desc.data'
+COPY bt_i4_heap FROM :'filename';
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/hash.data'
+COPY bt_name_heap FROM :'filename';
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/desc.data'
+COPY bt_txt_heap FROM :'filename';
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/hash.data'
+COPY bt_f8_heap FROM :'filename';
+
+ANALYZE bt_i4_heap;
+ANALYZE bt_name_heap;
+ANALYZE bt_txt_heap;
+ANALYZE bt_f8_heap;
+
+--
+-- BTREE ascending/descending cases
+--
+-- we load int4/text from pure descending data (each key is a new
+-- low key) and name/f8 from pure ascending data (each key is a new
+-- high key).  we had a bug where new low keys would sometimes be
+-- "lost".
+--
+CREATE INDEX bt_i4_index ON bt_i4_heap USING btree (seqno int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX bt_name_index ON bt_name_heap USING btree (seqno name_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX bt_txt_index ON bt_txt_heap USING btree (seqno text_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX bt_f8_index ON bt_f8_heap USING btree (seqno float8_ops);
+
+--
+-- test retrieval of min/max keys for each index
+--
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_i4_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno < 1;
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_i4_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno >= 9999;
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_i4_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno = 4500;
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_name_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno < '1'::name;
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_name_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno >= '9999'::name;
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_name_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno = '4500'::name;
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_txt_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno < '1'::text;
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_txt_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno >= '9999'::text;
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_txt_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno = '4500'::text;
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_f8_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno < '1'::float8;
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_f8_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno >= '9999'::float8;
+
+SELECT b.*
+   FROM bt_f8_heap b
+   WHERE b.seqno = '4500'::float8;
+
+--
+-- Check correct optimization of LIKE (special index operator support)
+-- for both indexscan and bitmapscan cases
+--
+
+set enable_seqscan to false;
+set enable_indexscan to true;
+set enable_bitmapscan to false;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike 'ri%foo' order by 1;
+
+set enable_indexscan to false;
+set enable_bitmapscan to true;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike 'ri%foo' order by 1;
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+
+-- Also check LIKE optimization with binary-compatible cases
+
+create temp table btree_bpchar (f1 text collate "C");
+create index on btree_bpchar(f1 bpchar_ops) WITH (deduplicate_items=on);
+insert into btree_bpchar values ('foo'), ('fool'), ('bar'), ('quux');
+-- doesn't match index:
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo';
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo';
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo%';
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo%';
+-- these do match the index:
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo';
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo';
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo%';
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo%';
+
+-- get test coverage for "single value" deduplication strategy:
+insert into btree_bpchar select 'foo' from generate_series(1,1500);
+
+--
+-- Perform unique checking, with and without the use of deduplication
+--
+CREATE TABLE dedup_unique_test_table (a int) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=false);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX dedup_unique ON dedup_unique_test_table (a) WITH (deduplicate_items=on);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX plain_unique ON dedup_unique_test_table (a) WITH (deduplicate_items=off);
+-- Generate enough garbage tuples in index to ensure that even the unique index
+-- with deduplication enabled has to check multiple leaf pages during unique
+-- checking (at least with a BLCKSZ of 8192 or less)
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+    FOR r IN 1..1350 LOOP
+        DELETE FROM dedup_unique_test_table;
+        INSERT INTO dedup_unique_test_table SELECT 1;
+    END LOOP;
+END$$;
+
+-- Exercise the LP_DEAD-bit-set tuple deletion code with a posting list tuple.
+-- The implementation prefers deleting existing items to merging any duplicate
+-- tuples into a posting list, so we need an explicit test to make sure we get
+-- coverage (note that this test also assumes BLCKSZ is 8192 or less):
+DROP INDEX plain_unique;
+DELETE FROM dedup_unique_test_table WHERE a = 1;
+INSERT INTO dedup_unique_test_table SELECT i FROM generate_series(0,450) i;
+
+--
+-- Test B-tree fast path (cache rightmost leaf page) optimization.
+--
+
+-- First create a tree that's at least three levels deep (i.e. has one level
+-- between the root and leaf levels). The text inserted is long.  It won't be
+-- TOAST compressed because we use plain storage in the table.  Only a few
+-- index tuples fit on each internal page, allowing us to get a tall tree with
+-- few pages.  (A tall tree is required to trigger caching.)
+--
+-- The text column must be the leading column in the index, since suffix
+-- truncation would otherwise truncate tuples on internal pages, leaving us
+-- with a short tree.
+create table btree_tall_tbl(id int4, t text);
+alter table btree_tall_tbl alter COLUMN t set storage plain;
+create index btree_tall_idx on btree_tall_tbl (t, id) with (fillfactor = 10);
+insert into btree_tall_tbl select g, repeat('x', 250)
+from generate_series(1, 130) g;
+
+--
+-- Test for multilevel page deletion
+--
+CREATE TABLE delete_test_table (a bigint, b bigint, c bigint, d bigint);
+INSERT INTO delete_test_table SELECT i, 1, 2, 3 FROM generate_series(1,80000) i;
+ALTER TABLE delete_test_table ADD PRIMARY KEY (a,b,c,d);
+-- Delete most entries, and vacuum, deleting internal pages and creating "fast
+-- root"
+DELETE FROM delete_test_table WHERE a < 79990;
+VACUUM delete_test_table;
+
+--
+-- Test B-tree insertion with a metapage update (XLOG_BTREE_INSERT_META
+-- WAL record type). This happens when a "fast root" page is split.  This
+-- also creates coverage for nbtree FSM page recycling.
+--
+-- The vacuum above should've turned the leaf page into a fast root. We just
+-- need to insert some rows to cause the fast root page to split.
+INSERT INTO delete_test_table SELECT i, 1, 2, 3 FROM generate_series(1,1000) i;
+
+-- Test unsupported btree opclass parameters
+create index on btree_tall_tbl (id int4_ops(foo=1));
+
+-- Test case of ALTER INDEX with abuse of column names for indexes.
+-- This grammar is not officially supported, but the parser allows it.
+CREATE INDEX btree_tall_idx2 ON btree_tall_tbl (id);
+ALTER INDEX btree_tall_idx2 ALTER COLUMN id SET (n_distinct=100);
+DROP INDEX btree_tall_idx2;
+-- Partitioned index
+CREATE TABLE btree_part (id int4) PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+CREATE INDEX btree_part_idx ON btree_part(id);
+ALTER INDEX btree_part_idx ALTER COLUMN id SET (n_distinct=100);
+DROP TABLE btree_part;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/case.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/case.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83fe43b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/case.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+--
+-- CASE
+-- Test the case statement
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE CASE_TBL (
+  i integer,
+  f double precision
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE CASE2_TBL (
+  i integer,
+  j integer
+);
+
+INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (1, 10.1);
+INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (2, 20.2);
+INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (3, -30.3);
+INSERT INTO CASE_TBL VALUES (4, NULL);
+
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (1, -1);
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (2, -2);
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (3, -3);
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (2, -4);
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (1, NULL);
+INSERT INTO CASE2_TBL VALUES (NULL, -6);
+
+--
+-- Simplest examples without tables
+--
+
+SELECT '3' AS "One",
+  CASE
+    WHEN 1 < 2 THEN 3
+  END AS "Simple WHEN";
+
+SELECT '<NULL>' AS "One",
+  CASE
+    WHEN 1 > 2 THEN 3
+  END AS "Simple default";
+
+SELECT '3' AS "One",
+  CASE
+    WHEN 1 < 2 THEN 3
+    ELSE 4
+  END AS "Simple ELSE";
+
+SELECT '4' AS "One",
+  CASE
+    WHEN 1 > 2 THEN 3
+    ELSE 4
+  END AS "ELSE default";
+
+SELECT '6' AS "One",
+  CASE
+    WHEN 1 > 2 THEN 3
+    WHEN 4 < 5 THEN 6
+    ELSE 7
+  END AS "Two WHEN with default";
+
+
+SELECT '7' AS "None",
+   CASE WHEN random() < 0 THEN 1
+   END AS "NULL on no matches";
+
+-- Constant-expression folding shouldn't evaluate unreachable subexpressions
+SELECT CASE WHEN 1=0 THEN 1/0 WHEN 1=1 THEN 1 ELSE 2/0 END;
+SELECT CASE 1 WHEN 0 THEN 1/0 WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE 2/0 END;
+
+-- However we do not currently suppress folding of potentially
+-- reachable subexpressions
+SELECT CASE WHEN i > 100 THEN 1/0 ELSE 0 END FROM case_tbl;
+
+-- Test for cases involving untyped literals in test expression
+SELECT CASE 'a' WHEN 'a' THEN 1 ELSE 2 END;
+
+--
+-- Examples of targets involving tables
+--
+
+SELECT
+  CASE
+    WHEN i >= 3 THEN i
+  END AS ">= 3 or Null"
+  FROM CASE_TBL;
+
+SELECT
+  CASE WHEN i >= 3 THEN (i + i)
+       ELSE i
+  END AS "Simplest Math"
+  FROM CASE_TBL;
+
+SELECT i AS "Value",
+  CASE WHEN (i < 0) THEN 'small'
+       WHEN (i = 0) THEN 'zero'
+       WHEN (i = 1) THEN 'one'
+       WHEN (i = 2) THEN 'two'
+       ELSE 'big'
+  END AS "Category"
+  FROM CASE_TBL;
+
+SELECT
+  CASE WHEN ((i < 0) or (i < 0)) THEN 'small'
+       WHEN ((i = 0) or (i = 0)) THEN 'zero'
+       WHEN ((i = 1) or (i = 1)) THEN 'one'
+       WHEN ((i = 2) or (i = 2)) THEN 'two'
+       ELSE 'big'
+  END AS "Category"
+  FROM CASE_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Examples of qualifications involving tables
+--
+
+--
+-- NULLIF() and COALESCE()
+-- Shorthand forms for typical CASE constructs
+--  defined in the SQL standard.
+--
+
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE COALESCE(f,i) = 4;
+
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE NULLIF(f,i) = 2;
+
+SELECT COALESCE(a.f, b.i, b.j)
+  FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b;
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b
+  WHERE COALESCE(a.f, b.i, b.j) = 2;
+
+SELECT NULLIF(a.i,b.i) AS "NULLIF(a.i,b.i)",
+  NULLIF(b.i, 4) AS "NULLIF(b.i,4)"
+  FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b;
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM CASE_TBL a, CASE2_TBL b
+  WHERE COALESCE(f,b.i) = 2;
+
+-- Tests for constant subexpression simplification
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE NULLIF(1, 2) = 2;
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE NULLIF(1, 1) IS NOT NULL;
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL WHERE NULLIF(1, null) = 2;
+
+--
+-- Examples of updates involving tables
+--
+
+UPDATE CASE_TBL
+  SET i = CASE WHEN i >= 3 THEN (- i)
+                ELSE (2 * i) END;
+
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL;
+
+UPDATE CASE_TBL
+  SET i = CASE WHEN i >= 2 THEN (2 * i)
+                ELSE (3 * i) END;
+
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL;
+
+UPDATE CASE_TBL
+  SET i = CASE WHEN b.i >= 2 THEN (2 * j)
+                ELSE (3 * j) END
+  FROM CASE2_TBL b
+  WHERE j = -CASE_TBL.i;
+
+SELECT * FROM CASE_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Nested CASE expressions
+--
+
+-- This test exercises a bug caused by aliasing econtext->caseValue_isNull
+-- with the isNull argument of the inner CASE's CaseExpr evaluation.  After
+-- evaluating the vol(null) expression in the inner CASE's second WHEN-clause,
+-- the isNull flag for the case test value incorrectly became true, causing
+-- the third WHEN-clause not to match.  The volatile function calls are needed
+-- to prevent constant-folding in the planner, which would hide the bug.
+
+-- Wrap this in a single transaction so the transient '=' operator doesn't
+-- cause problems in concurrent sessions
+BEGIN;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION vol(text) returns text as
+  'begin return $1; end' language plpgsql volatile;
+
+SELECT CASE
+  (CASE vol('bar')
+    WHEN 'foo' THEN 'it was foo!'
+    WHEN vol(null) THEN 'null input'
+    WHEN 'bar' THEN 'it was bar!' END
+  )
+  WHEN 'it was foo!' THEN 'foo recognized'
+  WHEN 'it was bar!' THEN 'bar recognized'
+  ELSE 'unrecognized' END;
+
+-- In this case, we can't inline the SQL function without confusing things.
+CREATE DOMAIN foodomain AS text;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION volfoo(text) returns foodomain as
+  'begin return $1::foodomain; end' language plpgsql volatile;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION inline_eq(foodomain, foodomain) returns boolean as
+  'SELECT CASE $2::text WHEN $1::text THEN true ELSE false END' language sql;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR = (procedure = inline_eq,
+                   leftarg = foodomain, rightarg = foodomain);
+
+SELECT CASE volfoo('bar') WHEN 'foo'::foodomain THEN 'is foo' ELSE 'is not foo' END;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Test multiple evaluation of a CASE arg that is a read/write object (#14472)
+-- Wrap this in a single transaction so the transient '=' operator doesn't
+-- cause problems in concurrent sessions
+BEGIN;
+
+CREATE DOMAIN arrdomain AS int[];
+
+CREATE FUNCTION make_ad(int,int) returns arrdomain as
+  'declare x arrdomain;
+   begin
+     x := array[$1,$2];
+     return x;
+   end' language plpgsql volatile;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION ad_eq(arrdomain, arrdomain) returns boolean as
+  'begin return array_eq($1, $2); end' language plpgsql;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR = (procedure = ad_eq,
+                   leftarg = arrdomain, rightarg = arrdomain);
+
+SELECT CASE make_ad(1,2)
+  WHEN array[2,4]::arrdomain THEN 'wrong'
+  WHEN array[2,5]::arrdomain THEN 'still wrong'
+  WHEN array[1,2]::arrdomain THEN 'right'
+  END;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Test interaction of CASE with ArrayCoerceExpr (bug #15471)
+BEGIN;
+
+CREATE TYPE casetestenum AS ENUM ('e', 'f', 'g');
+
+SELECT
+  CASE 'foo'::text
+    WHEN 'foo' THEN ARRAY['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] || enum_range(NULL::casetestenum)::text[]
+    ELSE ARRAY['x', 'y']
+    END;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--
+-- Clean up
+--
+
+DROP TABLE CASE_TBL;
+DROP TABLE CASE2_TBL;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/char.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/char.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..120fed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/char.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+--
+-- CHAR
+--
+
+-- Per SQL standard, CHAR means character(1), that is a varlena type
+-- with a constraint restricting it to one character (not byte)
+
+SELECT char 'c' = char 'c' AS true;
+
+--
+-- Build a table for testing
+-- (This temporarily hides the table created in test_setup.sql)
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE CHAR_TBL(f1 char);
+
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a');
+
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('A');
+
+-- any of the following three input formats are acceptable
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1');
+
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (2);
+
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('3');
+
+-- zero-length char
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('');
+
+-- try char's of greater than 1 length
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('cd');
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('c     ');
+
+
+SELECT * FROM CHAR_TBL;
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <> 'a';
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 = 'a';
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 < 'a';
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <= 'a';
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 > 'a';
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM CHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 >= 'a';
+
+DROP TABLE CHAR_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Now test longer arrays of char
+--
+-- This char_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+--
+
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcde');
+
+SELECT * FROM CHAR_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Also test "char", which is an ad-hoc one-byte type.  It can only
+-- really store ASCII characters, but we allow high-bit-set characters
+-- to be accessed via bytea-like escapes.
+--
+
+SELECT 'a'::"char";
+SELECT '\101'::"char";
+SELECT '\377'::"char";
+SELECT 'a'::"char"::text;
+SELECT '\377'::"char"::text;
+SELECT '\000'::"char"::text;
+SELECT 'a'::text::"char";
+SELECT '\377'::text::"char";
+SELECT ''::text::"char";
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/circle.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/circle.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c8a0f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/circle.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+--
+-- CIRCLE
+--
+
+-- Back off displayed precision a little bit to reduce platform-to-platform
+-- variation in results.
+SET extra_float_digits = -1;
+
+CREATE TABLE CIRCLE_TBL (f1 circle);
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(5,1),3>');
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('((1,2),100)');
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES (' 1 , 3 , 5 ');
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES (' ( ( 1 , 2 ) , 3 ) ');
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES (' ( 100 , 200 ) , 10 ');
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES (' < ( 100 , 1 ) , 115 > ');
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(3,5),0>');	-- Zero radius
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(3,5),NaN>');	-- NaN radius
+
+-- bad values
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(-100,0),-100>');
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(100,200),10');
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('<(100,200),10> x');
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('1abc,3,5');
+
+INSERT INTO CIRCLE_TBL VALUES ('(3,(1,2),3)');
+
+SELECT * FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+
+SELECT center(f1) AS center
+  FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+
+SELECT radius(f1) AS radius
+  FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+
+SELECT diameter(f1) AS diameter
+  FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+
+SELECT f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE radius(f1) < 5;
+
+SELECT f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE diameter(f1) >= 10;
+
+SELECT c1.f1 AS one, c2.f1 AS two, (c1.f1 <-> c2.f1) AS distance
+  FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2
+  WHERE (c1.f1 < c2.f1) AND ((c1.f1 <-> c2.f1) > 0)
+  ORDER BY distance, area(c1.f1), area(c2.f1);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/cluster.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/cluster.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cb9c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/cluster.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+--
+--  CLUSTER
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE clstr_tst_s (rf_a SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+	b INT);
+
+CREATE TABLE clstr_tst (a SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+	b INT,
+	c TEXT,
+	d TEXT,
+	CONSTRAINT clstr_tst_con FOREIGN KEY (b) REFERENCES clstr_tst_s);
+
+CREATE INDEX clstr_tst_b ON clstr_tst (b);
+CREATE INDEX clstr_tst_c ON clstr_tst (c);
+CREATE INDEX clstr_tst_c_b ON clstr_tst (c,b);
+CREATE INDEX clstr_tst_b_c ON clstr_tst (b,c);
+
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) VALUES (0);
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) SELECT b FROM clstr_tst_s;
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) SELECT b FROM clstr_tst_s;
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) SELECT b FROM clstr_tst_s;
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) SELECT b FROM clstr_tst_s;
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_s (b) SELECT b FROM clstr_tst_s;
+
+CREATE TABLE clstr_tst_inh () INHERITS (clstr_tst);
+
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (11, 'once');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (10, 'diez');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (31, 'treinta y uno');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (22, 'veintidos');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (3, 'tres');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (20, 'veinte');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (23, 'veintitres');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (21, 'veintiuno');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (4, 'cuatro');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (14, 'catorce');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (2, 'dos');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (18, 'dieciocho');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (27, 'veintisiete');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (25, 'veinticinco');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (13, 'trece');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (28, 'veintiocho');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (32, 'treinta y dos');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (5, 'cinco');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (29, 'veintinueve');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (1, 'uno');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (24, 'veinticuatro');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (30, 'treinta');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (12, 'doce');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (17, 'diecisiete');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (9, 'nueve');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (19, 'diecinueve');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (26, 'veintiseis');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (15, 'quince');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (7, 'siete');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (16, 'dieciseis');
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (8, 'ocho');
+-- This entry is needed to test that TOASTED values are copied correctly.
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c, d) VALUES (6, 'seis', repeat('xyzzy', 100000));
+
+CLUSTER clstr_tst_c ON clstr_tst;
+
+SELECT a,b,c,substring(d for 30), length(d) from clstr_tst;
+SELECT a,b,c,substring(d for 30), length(d) from clstr_tst ORDER BY a;
+SELECT a,b,c,substring(d for 30), length(d) from clstr_tst ORDER BY b;
+SELECT a,b,c,substring(d for 30), length(d) from clstr_tst ORDER BY c;
+
+-- Verify that inheritance link still works
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst_inh VALUES (0, 100, 'in child table');
+SELECT a,b,c,substring(d for 30), length(d) from clstr_tst;
+
+-- Verify that foreign key link still works
+INSERT INTO clstr_tst (b, c) VALUES (1111, 'this should fail');
+
+SELECT conname FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'clstr_tst'::regclass
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+
+SELECT relname, relkind,
+    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_class WHERE oid = c.reltoastrelid) AS hastoast
+FROM pg_class c WHERE relname LIKE 'clstr_tst%' ORDER BY relname;
+
+-- Verify that indisclustered is correctly set
+SELECT pg_class.relname FROM pg_index, pg_class, pg_class AS pg_class_2
+WHERE pg_class.oid=indexrelid
+	AND indrelid=pg_class_2.oid
+	AND pg_class_2.relname = 'clstr_tst'
+	AND indisclustered;
+
+-- Try changing indisclustered
+ALTER TABLE clstr_tst CLUSTER ON clstr_tst_b_c;
+SELECT pg_class.relname FROM pg_index, pg_class, pg_class AS pg_class_2
+WHERE pg_class.oid=indexrelid
+	AND indrelid=pg_class_2.oid
+	AND pg_class_2.relname = 'clstr_tst'
+	AND indisclustered;
+
+-- Try turning off all clustering
+ALTER TABLE clstr_tst SET WITHOUT CLUSTER;
+SELECT pg_class.relname FROM pg_index, pg_class, pg_class AS pg_class_2
+WHERE pg_class.oid=indexrelid
+	AND indrelid=pg_class_2.oid
+	AND pg_class_2.relname = 'clstr_tst'
+	AND indisclustered;
+
+-- Verify that toast tables are clusterable
+CLUSTER pg_toast.pg_toast_826 USING pg_toast_826_index;
+
+-- Verify that clustering all tables does in fact cluster the right ones
+CREATE USER regress_clstr_user;
+CREATE TABLE clstr_1 (a INT PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE clstr_2 (a INT PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE clstr_3 (a INT PRIMARY KEY);
+ALTER TABLE clstr_1 OWNER TO regress_clstr_user;
+ALTER TABLE clstr_3 OWNER TO regress_clstr_user;
+GRANT SELECT ON clstr_2 TO regress_clstr_user;
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO clstr_2 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_2 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO clstr_3 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_3 VALUES (1);
+
+-- "CLUSTER <tablename>" on a table that hasn't been clustered
+CLUSTER clstr_2;
+
+CLUSTER clstr_1_pkey ON clstr_1;
+CLUSTER clstr_2 USING clstr_2_pkey;
+SELECT * FROM clstr_1 UNION ALL
+  SELECT * FROM clstr_2 UNION ALL
+  SELECT * FROM clstr_3;
+
+-- revert to the original state
+DELETE FROM clstr_1;
+DELETE FROM clstr_2;
+DELETE FROM clstr_3;
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO clstr_2 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_2 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO clstr_3 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_3 VALUES (1);
+
+-- this user can only cluster clstr_1 and clstr_3, but the latter
+-- has not been clustered
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_clstr_user;
+CLUSTER;
+SELECT * FROM clstr_1 UNION ALL
+  SELECT * FROM clstr_2 UNION ALL
+  SELECT * FROM clstr_3;
+
+-- cluster a single table using the indisclustered bit previously set
+DELETE FROM clstr_1;
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO clstr_1 VALUES (1);
+CLUSTER clstr_1;
+SELECT * FROM clstr_1;
+
+-- Test MVCC-safety of cluster. There isn't much we can do to verify the
+-- results with a single backend...
+
+CREATE TABLE clustertest (key int PRIMARY KEY);
+
+INSERT INTO clustertest VALUES (10);
+INSERT INTO clustertest VALUES (20);
+INSERT INTO clustertest VALUES (30);
+INSERT INTO clustertest VALUES (40);
+INSERT INTO clustertest VALUES (50);
+
+-- Use a transaction so that updates are not committed when CLUSTER sees 'em
+BEGIN;
+
+-- Test update where the old row version is found first in the scan
+UPDATE clustertest SET key = 100 WHERE key = 10;
+
+-- Test update where the new row version is found first in the scan
+UPDATE clustertest SET key = 35 WHERE key = 40;
+
+-- Test longer update chain
+UPDATE clustertest SET key = 60 WHERE key = 50;
+UPDATE clustertest SET key = 70 WHERE key = 60;
+UPDATE clustertest SET key = 80 WHERE key = 70;
+
+SELECT * FROM clustertest;
+CLUSTER clustertest_pkey ON clustertest;
+SELECT * FROM clustertest;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT * FROM clustertest;
+
+-- check that temp tables can be clustered
+create temp table clstr_temp (col1 int primary key, col2 text);
+insert into clstr_temp values (2, 'two'), (1, 'one');
+cluster clstr_temp using clstr_temp_pkey;
+select * from clstr_temp;
+drop table clstr_temp;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+-- check clustering an empty table
+DROP TABLE clustertest;
+CREATE TABLE clustertest (f1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CLUSTER clustertest USING clustertest_pkey;
+CLUSTER clustertest;
+
+-- Check that partitioned tables can be clustered
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart1 PARTITION OF clstrpart FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart11 PARTITION OF clstrpart1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (5);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart12 PARTITION OF clstrpart1 FOR VALUES FROM (5) TO (10) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart2 PARTITION OF clstrpart FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart3 PARTITION OF clstrpart DEFAULT PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE clstrpart33 PARTITION OF clstrpart3 DEFAULT;
+CREATE INDEX clstrpart_only_idx ON ONLY clstrpart (a);
+CLUSTER clstrpart USING clstrpart_only_idx; -- fails
+DROP INDEX clstrpart_only_idx;
+CREATE INDEX clstrpart_idx ON clstrpart (a);
+-- Check that clustering sets new relfilenodes:
+CREATE TEMP TABLE old_cluster_info AS SELECT relname, level, relfilenode, relkind FROM pg_partition_tree('clstrpart'::regclass) AS tree JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid=tree.relid ;
+CLUSTER clstrpart USING clstrpart_idx;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE new_cluster_info AS SELECT relname, level, relfilenode, relkind FROM pg_partition_tree('clstrpart'::regclass) AS tree JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid=tree.relid ;
+SELECT relname, old.level, old.relkind, old.relfilenode = new.relfilenode FROM old_cluster_info AS old JOIN new_cluster_info AS new USING (relname) ORDER BY relname COLLATE "C";
+-- Partitioned indexes aren't and can't be marked un/clustered:
+\d clstrpart
+CLUSTER clstrpart;
+ALTER TABLE clstrpart SET WITHOUT CLUSTER;
+ALTER TABLE clstrpart CLUSTER ON clstrpart_idx;
+DROP TABLE clstrpart;
+
+-- Ownership of partitions is checked
+CREATE TABLE ptnowner(i int unique) PARTITION BY LIST (i);
+CREATE INDEX ptnowner_i_idx ON ptnowner(i);
+CREATE TABLE ptnowner1 PARTITION OF ptnowner FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE ROLE regress_ptnowner;
+CREATE TABLE ptnowner2 PARTITION OF ptnowner FOR VALUES IN (2);
+ALTER TABLE ptnowner1 OWNER TO regress_ptnowner;
+ALTER TABLE ptnowner OWNER TO regress_ptnowner;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE ptnowner_oldnodes AS
+  SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode FROM pg_partition_tree('ptnowner') AS tree
+  JOIN pg_class AS c ON c.oid=tree.relid;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_ptnowner;
+CLUSTER ptnowner USING ptnowner_i_idx;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT a.relname, a.relfilenode=b.relfilenode FROM pg_class a
+  JOIN ptnowner_oldnodes b USING (oid) ORDER BY a.relname COLLATE "C";
+DROP TABLE ptnowner;
+DROP ROLE regress_ptnowner;
+
+-- Test CLUSTER with external tuplesorting
+
+create table clstr_4 as select * from tenk1;
+create index cluster_sort on clstr_4 (hundred, thousand, tenthous);
+-- ensure we don't use the index in CLUSTER nor the checking SELECTs
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+
+-- Use external sort:
+set maintenance_work_mem = '1MB';
+cluster clstr_4 using cluster_sort;
+select * from
+(select hundred, lag(hundred) over () as lhundred,
+        thousand, lag(thousand) over () as lthousand,
+        tenthous, lag(tenthous) over () as ltenthous from clstr_4) ss
+where row(hundred, thousand, tenthous) <= row(lhundred, lthousand, ltenthous);
+
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset maintenance_work_mem;
+
+-- test CLUSTER on expression index
+CREATE TABLE clstr_expression(id serial primary key, a int, b text COLLATE "C");
+INSERT INTO clstr_expression(a, b) SELECT g.i % 42, 'prefix'||g.i FROM generate_series(1, 133) g(i);
+CREATE INDEX clstr_expression_minus_a ON clstr_expression ((-a), b);
+CREATE INDEX clstr_expression_upper_b ON clstr_expression ((upper(b)));
+
+-- verify indexes work before cluster
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- and after clustering on clstr_expression_minus_a
+CLUSTER clstr_expression USING clstr_expression_minus_a;
+WITH rows AS
+  (SELECT ctid, lag(a) OVER (ORDER BY ctid) AS la, a FROM clstr_expression)
+SELECT * FROM rows WHERE la < a;
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- and after clustering on clstr_expression_upper_b
+CLUSTER clstr_expression USING clstr_expression_upper_b;
+WITH rows AS
+  (SELECT ctid, lag(b) OVER (ORDER BY ctid) AS lb, b FROM clstr_expression)
+SELECT * FROM rows WHERE upper(lb) > upper(b);
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE upper(b) = 'PREFIX3';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+SELECT * FROM clstr_expression WHERE -a = -3 ORDER BY -a, b;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- clean up
+DROP TABLE clustertest;
+DROP TABLE clstr_1;
+DROP TABLE clstr_2;
+DROP TABLE clstr_3;
+DROP TABLE clstr_4;
+DROP TABLE clstr_expression;
+
+DROP USER regress_clstr_user;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/collate.icu.utf8.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/collate.icu.utf8.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0ddc7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/collate.icu.utf8.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+/*
+ * This test is for ICU collations.
+ */
+
+/* skip test if not UTF8 server encoding or no ICU collations installed */
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() <> 'UTF8' OR
+       (SELECT count(*) FROM pg_collation WHERE collprovider = 'i') = 0
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+
+SET client_encoding TO UTF8;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA collate_tests;
+SET search_path = collate_tests;
+
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test1 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "en-x-icu" NOT NULL
+);
+
+\d collate_test1
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "ja_JP.eucjp-x-icu"
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "foo-x-icu"
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int COLLATE "en-x-icu",
+    b text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_like (
+    LIKE collate_test1
+);
+
+\d collate_test_like
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test2 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "sv-x-icu"
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test3 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "C"
+);
+
+INSERT INTO collate_test1 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'äbc'), (3, 'bbc'), (4, 'ABC');
+INSERT INTO collate_test2 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+INSERT INTO collate_test3 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test2 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 WHERE b >= 'BBC';
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'bbc' COLLATE "C";
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "C";
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "en-x-icu";
+
+
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_sv AS text COLLATE "sv-x-icu";
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_i AS int COLLATE "sv-x-icu"; -- fails
+CREATE TABLE collate_test4 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_sv
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test4 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test4 ORDER BY b;
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test5 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_sv COLLATE "en-x-icu"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test5 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test5 ORDER BY b;
+
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY b;
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+
+-- star expansion
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+SELECT * FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY b;
+
+-- constant expression folding
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "en-x-icu" > 'äbc' COLLATE "en-x-icu" AS "true";
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "sv-x-icu" > 'äbc' COLLATE "sv-x-icu" AS "false";
+
+-- upper/lower
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test10 (
+    a int,
+    x text COLLATE "en-x-icu",
+    y text COLLATE "tr-x-icu"
+);
+
+INSERT INTO collate_test10 VALUES (1, 'hij', 'hij'), (2, 'HIJ', 'HIJ');
+
+SELECT a, lower(x), lower(y), upper(x), upper(y), initcap(x), initcap(y) FROM collate_test10;
+SELECT a, lower(x COLLATE "C"), lower(y COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, x, y FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY lower(y), a;
+
+-- LIKE/ILIKE
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE 'abc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE 'abc%';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE '%bc%';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE 'abc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE 'abc%';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE '%bc%';
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "en-x-icu" ILIKE '%KI%' AS "true";
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" ILIKE '%KI%' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ILIKE 'BIT' COLLATE "en-x-icu" AS "false";
+SELECT 'bıt' ILIKE 'BIT' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" AS "true";
+
+-- The following actually exercises the selectivity estimation for ILIKE.
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname ILIKE 'abc%';
+
+-- regular expressions
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ '^abc$';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ '^abc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ 'bc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* '^abc$';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* '^abc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* 'bc';
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test6 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "en-x-icu"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test6 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'ABC'), (3, '123'), (4, 'ab1'),
+                                 (5, 'a1!'), (6, 'a c'), (7, '!.;'), (8, '   '),
+                                 (9, 'äbç'), (10, 'ÄBÇ');
+SELECT b,
+       b ~ '^[[:alpha:]]+$' AS is_alpha,
+       b ~ '^[[:upper:]]+$' AS is_upper,
+       b ~ '^[[:lower:]]+$' AS is_lower,
+       b ~ '^[[:digit:]]+$' AS is_digit,
+       b ~ '^[[:alnum:]]+$' AS is_alnum,
+       b ~ '^[[:graph:]]+$' AS is_graph,
+       b ~ '^[[:print:]]+$' AS is_print,
+       b ~ '^[[:punct:]]+$' AS is_punct,
+       b ~ '^[[:space:]]+$' AS is_space
+FROM collate_test6;
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "en-x-icu" ~* 'KI' AS "true";
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" ~* 'KI' AS "true";  -- true with ICU
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ~* 'BIT' COLLATE "en-x-icu" AS "false";
+SELECT 'bıt' ~* 'BIT' COLLATE "tr-x-icu" AS "false";  -- false with ICU
+
+-- The following actually exercises the selectivity estimation for ~*.
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~* '^abc';
+
+
+/* not run by default because it requires tr_TR system locale
+-- to_char
+
+SET lc_time TO 'tr_TR';
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-04-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY');
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-04-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY' COLLATE "tr-x-icu");
+*/
+
+
+-- backwards parsing
+
+CREATE VIEW collview1 AS SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
+CREATE VIEW collview2 AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+CREATE VIEW collview3 AS SELECT a, lower((x || x) COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
+  WHERE table_name LIKE 'collview%' ORDER BY 1;
+
+
+-- collation propagation in various expression types
+
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, lower(coalesce(x, 'foo')), lower(coalesce(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 3;
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 3;
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 3;
+SELECT a, x, y, lower(greatest(x, 'foo')), lower(greatest(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, lower(nullif(x, 'foo')), lower(nullif(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain AS text;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain_sv FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, lower(x::testdomain), lower(y::testdomain) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test2;
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test3;
+
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2;
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test3;
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a < 4 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a > 1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a < 2 ORDER BY 2;
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3; -- ok
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+SELECT a, b COLLATE "C" FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- ok
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+
+CREATE TABLE test_u AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3; -- fail
+
+-- ideally this would be a parse-time error, but for now it must be run-time:
+select x < y from collate_test10; -- fail
+select x || y from collate_test10; -- ok, because || is not collation aware
+select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y; -- not so ok
+
+-- collation mismatch between recursive and non-recursive term
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(x) AS
+   (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "en-x-icu"),('b')) t(x)
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT (x || 'c') COLLATE "de-x-icu" FROM foo WHERE length(x) < 10)
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+
+-- casting
+
+SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
+
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+
+
+-- propagation of collation in SQL functions (inlined and non-inlined cases)
+-- and plpgsql functions too
+
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE sql
+    AS $$ select $1 < $2 $$;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt_noninline (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE sql
+    AS $$ select $1 < $2 limit 1 $$;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt_plpgsql (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql
+    AS $$ begin return $1 < $2; end $$;
+
+SELECT a.b AS a, b.b AS b, a.b < b.b AS lt,
+       mylt(a.b, b.b), mylt_noninline(a.b, b.b), mylt_plpgsql(a.b, b.b)
+FROM collate_test1 a, collate_test1 b
+ORDER BY a.b, b.b;
+
+SELECT a.b AS a, b.b AS b, a.b < b.b COLLATE "C" AS lt,
+       mylt(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C"), mylt_noninline(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C"),
+       mylt_plpgsql(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C")
+FROM collate_test1 a, collate_test1 b
+ORDER BY a.b, b.b;
+
+
+-- collation override in plpgsql
+
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt2 (x text, y text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+  xx text := x;
+  yy text := y;
+begin
+  return xx < yy;
+end
+$$;
+
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "en-x-icu") as t, mylt2('a', 'B' collate "C") as f;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
+  mylt2 (x text, y text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+  xx text COLLATE "POSIX" := x;
+  yy text := y;
+begin
+  return xx < yy;
+end
+$$;
+
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B') as f;
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "C") as fail; -- conflicting collations
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "POSIX") as f;
+
+
+-- polymorphism
+
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1)) ORDER BY 1;
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2)) ORDER BY 1;
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test3)) ORDER BY 1;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (anyelement) RETURNS anyelement
+    AS 'select $1' LANGUAGE sql;
+
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+
+
+-- indexes
+
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_test1 (b);
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_test1 (b COLLATE "C");
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_test1 ((b COLLATE "C")); -- this is different grammatically
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_test1 (((b||'foo') COLLATE "POSIX"));
+
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx5 ON collate_test1 (a COLLATE "C"); -- fail
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "C")); -- fail
+
+SELECT relname, pg_get_indexdef(oid) FROM pg_class WHERE relname LIKE 'collate_test%_idx%' ORDER BY 1;
+
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from collate_test1 where b ilike 'abc';
+select * from collate_test1 where b ilike 'abc';
+explain (costs off)
+select * from collate_test1 where b ilike 'ABC';
+select * from collate_test1 where b ilike 'ABC';
+reset enable_seqscan;
+
+
+-- schema manipulation commands
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SCHEMA test_schema;
+
+-- We need to do this this way to cope with varying names for encodings:
+do $$
+BEGIN
+  EXECUTE 'CREATE COLLATION test0 (provider = icu, locale = ' ||
+          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_collate')) || ');';
+END
+$$;
+CREATE COLLATION test0 FROM "C"; -- fail, duplicate name
+do $$
+BEGIN
+  EXECUTE 'CREATE COLLATION test1 (provider = icu, locale = ' ||
+          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_collate')) || ');';
+END
+$$;
+CREATE COLLATION test3 (provider = icu, lc_collate = 'en_US.utf8'); -- fail, needs "locale"
+CREATE COLLATION testx (provider = icu, locale = 'nonsense'); /* never fails with ICU */  DROP COLLATION testx;
+
+CREATE COLLATION test4 FROM nonsense;
+CREATE COLLATION test5 FROM test0;
+
+SELECT collname FROM pg_collation WHERE collname LIKE 'test%' ORDER BY 1;
+
+ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test11;
+ALTER COLLATION test0 RENAME TO test11; -- fail
+ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test22; -- fail
+
+ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO nonsense;
+ALTER COLLATION test11 SET SCHEMA test_schema;
+
+COMMENT ON COLLATION test0 IS 'US English';
+
+SELECT collname, nspname, obj_description(pg_collation.oid, 'pg_collation')
+    FROM pg_collation JOIN pg_namespace ON (collnamespace = pg_namespace.oid)
+    WHERE collname LIKE 'test%'
+    ORDER BY 1;
+
+DROP COLLATION test0, test_schema.test11, test5;
+DROP COLLATION test0; -- fail
+DROP COLLATION IF EXISTS test0;
+
+SELECT collname FROM pg_collation WHERE collname LIKE 'test%';
+
+DROP SCHEMA test_schema;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role;
+
+
+-- ALTER
+
+ALTER COLLATION "en-x-icu" REFRESH VERSION;
+
+-- also test for database while we are here
+SELECT current_database() AS datname \gset
+ALTER DATABASE :"datname" REFRESH COLLATION VERSION;
+
+
+-- dependencies
+
+CREATE COLLATION test0 FROM "C";
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_dep_test1 (a int, b text COLLATE test0);
+CREATE DOMAIN collate_dep_dom1 AS text COLLATE test0;
+CREATE TYPE collate_dep_test2 AS (x int, y text COLLATE test0);
+CREATE VIEW collate_dep_test3 AS SELECT text 'foo' COLLATE test0 AS foo;
+CREATE TABLE collate_dep_test4t (a int, b text);
+CREATE INDEX collate_dep_test4i ON collate_dep_test4t (b COLLATE test0);
+
+DROP COLLATION test0 RESTRICT; -- fail
+DROP COLLATION test0 CASCADE;
+
+\d collate_dep_test1
+\d collate_dep_test2
+
+DROP TABLE collate_dep_test1, collate_dep_test4t;
+DROP TYPE collate_dep_test2;
+
+-- test range types and collations
+
+create type textrange_c as range(subtype=text, collation="C");
+create type textrange_en_us as range(subtype=text, collation="en-x-icu");
+
+select textrange_c('A','Z') @> 'b'::text;
+select textrange_en_us('A','Z') @> 'b'::text;
+
+drop type textrange_c;
+drop type textrange_en_us;
+
+
+-- test ICU collation customization
+
+-- test the attributes handled by icu_set_collation_attributes()
+
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_ignore_accents (provider = icu, locale = '@colStrength=primary;colCaseLevel=yes');
+SELECT 'aaá' > 'AAA' COLLATE "und-x-icu", 'aaá' < 'AAA' COLLATE testcoll_ignore_accents;
+
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_backwards (provider = icu, locale = '@colBackwards=yes');
+SELECT 'coté' < 'côte' COLLATE "und-x-icu", 'coté' > 'côte' COLLATE testcoll_backwards;
+
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_lower_first (provider = icu, locale = '@colCaseFirst=lower');
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_upper_first (provider = icu, locale = '@colCaseFirst=upper');
+SELECT 'aaa' < 'AAA' COLLATE testcoll_lower_first, 'aaa' > 'AAA' COLLATE testcoll_upper_first;
+
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_shifted (provider = icu, locale = '@colAlternate=shifted');
+SELECT 'de-luge' < 'deanza' COLLATE "und-x-icu", 'de-luge' > 'deanza' COLLATE testcoll_shifted;
+
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_numeric (provider = icu, locale = '@colNumeric=yes');
+SELECT 'A-21' > 'A-123' COLLATE "und-x-icu", 'A-21' < 'A-123' COLLATE testcoll_numeric;
+
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_error1 (provider = icu, locale = '@colNumeric=lower');
+
+-- test that attributes not handled by icu_set_collation_attributes()
+-- (handled by ucol_open() directly) also work
+CREATE COLLATION testcoll_de_phonebook (provider = icu, locale = 'de@collation=phonebook');
+SELECT 'Goldmann' < 'Götz' COLLATE "de-x-icu", 'Goldmann' > 'Götz' COLLATE testcoll_de_phonebook;
+
+
+-- nondeterministic collations
+
+CREATE COLLATION ctest_det (provider = icu, locale = '', deterministic = true);
+CREATE COLLATION ctest_nondet (provider = icu, locale = '', deterministic = false);
+
+CREATE TABLE test6 (a int, b text);
+-- same string in different normal forms
+INSERT INTO test6 VALUES (1, U&'\00E4bc');
+INSERT INTO test6 VALUES (2, U&'\0061\0308bc');
+SELECT * FROM test6;
+SELECT * FROM test6 WHERE b = 'äbc' COLLATE ctest_det;
+SELECT * FROM test6 WHERE b = 'äbc' COLLATE ctest_nondet;
+
+-- same with arrays
+CREATE TABLE test6a (a int, b text[]);
+INSERT INTO test6a VALUES (1, ARRAY[U&'\00E4bc']);
+INSERT INTO test6a VALUES (2, ARRAY[U&'\0061\0308bc']);
+SELECT * FROM test6a;
+SELECT * FROM test6a WHERE b = ARRAY['äbc'] COLLATE ctest_det;
+SELECT * FROM test6a WHERE b = ARRAY['äbc'] COLLATE ctest_nondet;
+
+CREATE COLLATION case_sensitive (provider = icu, locale = '');
+CREATE COLLATION case_insensitive (provider = icu, locale = '@colStrength=secondary', deterministic = false);
+
+SELECT 'abc' <= 'ABC' COLLATE case_sensitive, 'abc' >= 'ABC' COLLATE case_sensitive;
+SELECT 'abc' <= 'ABC' COLLATE case_insensitive, 'abc' >= 'ABC' COLLATE case_insensitive;
+
+CREATE TABLE test1cs (x text COLLATE case_sensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test2cs (x text COLLATE case_sensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test3cs (x text COLLATE case_sensitive);
+INSERT INTO test1cs VALUES ('abc'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test2cs VALUES ('ABC'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test3cs VALUES ('abc'), ('ABC'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x = 'abc';
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x <> 'abc';
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x LIKE 'a%';
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x ILIKE 'a%';
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x SIMILAR TO 'a%';
+SELECT x FROM test3cs WHERE x ~ 'a';
+SELECT x FROM test1cs UNION SELECT x FROM test2cs ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x FROM test2cs UNION SELECT x FROM test1cs ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x FROM test1cs INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test2cs;
+SELECT x FROM test2cs INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test1cs;
+SELECT x FROM test1cs EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test2cs;
+SELECT x FROM test2cs EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test1cs;
+SELECT DISTINCT x FROM test3cs ORDER BY x;
+SELECT count(DISTINCT x) FROM test3cs;
+SELECT x, count(*) FROM test3cs GROUP BY x ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x, row_number() OVER (ORDER BY x), rank() OVER (ORDER BY x) FROM test3cs ORDER BY x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test1cs (x);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test1cs VALUES ('ABC');  -- ok
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test3cs (x);  -- ok
+SELECT string_to_array('ABC,DEF,GHI' COLLATE case_sensitive, ',', 'abc');
+SELECT string_to_array('ABCDEFGHI' COLLATE case_sensitive, NULL, 'b');
+
+CREATE TABLE test1ci (x text COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test2ci (x text COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test3ci (x text COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE INDEX ON test3ci (x text_pattern_ops);  -- error
+INSERT INTO test1ci VALUES ('abc'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test2ci VALUES ('ABC'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test3ci VALUES ('abc'), ('ABC'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x = 'abc';
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x <> 'abc';
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x LIKE 'a%';
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x ILIKE 'a%';
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x SIMILAR TO 'a%';
+SELECT x FROM test3ci WHERE x ~ 'a';
+SELECT x FROM test1ci UNION SELECT x FROM test2ci ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x FROM test2ci UNION SELECT x FROM test1ci ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x FROM test1ci INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test2ci ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x FROM test2ci INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test1ci ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x FROM test1ci EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test2ci;
+SELECT x FROM test2ci EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test1ci;
+SELECT DISTINCT x FROM test3ci ORDER BY x;
+SELECT count(DISTINCT x) FROM test3ci;
+SELECT x, count(*) FROM test3ci GROUP BY x ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x, row_number() OVER (ORDER BY x), rank() OVER (ORDER BY x) FROM test3ci ORDER BY x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test1ci (x);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test1ci VALUES ('ABC');  -- error
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test3ci (x);  -- error
+SELECT string_to_array('ABC,DEF,GHI' COLLATE case_insensitive, ',', 'abc');
+SELECT string_to_array('ABCDEFGHI' COLLATE case_insensitive, NULL, 'b');
+
+-- bpchar
+CREATE TABLE test1bpci (x char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test2bpci (x char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE TABLE test3bpci (x char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive);
+CREATE INDEX ON test3bpci (x bpchar_pattern_ops);  -- error
+INSERT INTO test1bpci VALUES ('abc'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test2bpci VALUES ('ABC'), ('ghi');
+INSERT INTO test3bpci VALUES ('abc'), ('ABC'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x = 'abc';
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x <> 'abc';
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x LIKE 'a%';
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x ILIKE 'a%';
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x SIMILAR TO 'a%';
+SELECT x FROM test3bpci WHERE x ~ 'a';
+SELECT x FROM test1bpci UNION SELECT x FROM test2bpci ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x FROM test2bpci UNION SELECT x FROM test1bpci ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x FROM test1bpci INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test2bpci ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x FROM test2bpci INTERSECT SELECT x FROM test1bpci ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x FROM test1bpci EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test2bpci;
+SELECT x FROM test2bpci EXCEPT SELECT x FROM test1bpci;
+SELECT DISTINCT x FROM test3bpci ORDER BY x;
+SELECT count(DISTINCT x) FROM test3bpci;
+SELECT x, count(*) FROM test3bpci GROUP BY x ORDER BY x;
+SELECT x, row_number() OVER (ORDER BY x), rank() OVER (ORDER BY x) FROM test3bpci ORDER BY x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test1bpci (x);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test1bpci VALUES ('ABC');  -- error
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON test3bpci (x);  -- error
+SELECT string_to_array('ABC,DEF,GHI'::char(11) COLLATE case_insensitive, ',', 'abc');
+SELECT string_to_array('ABCDEFGHI'::char(9) COLLATE case_insensitive, NULL, 'b');
+
+-- This tests the issue described in match_pattern_prefix().  In the
+-- absence of that check, the case_insensitive tests below would
+-- return no rows where they should logically return one.
+CREATE TABLE test4c (x text COLLATE "C");
+INSERT INTO test4c VALUES ('abc');
+CREATE INDEX ON test4c (x);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+SELECT x FROM test4c WHERE x LIKE 'ABC' COLLATE case_sensitive;  -- ok, no rows
+SELECT x FROM test4c WHERE x LIKE 'ABC%' COLLATE case_sensitive;  -- ok, no rows
+SELECT x FROM test4c WHERE x LIKE 'ABC' COLLATE case_insensitive;  -- error
+SELECT x FROM test4c WHERE x LIKE 'ABC%' COLLATE case_insensitive;  -- error
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+-- Unicode special case: different variants of Greek lower case sigma.
+-- A naive implementation like citext that just does lower(x) =
+-- lower(y) will do the wrong thing here, because lower('Σ') is 'σ'
+-- but upper('ς') is 'Σ'.
+SELECT 'ὀδυσσεύς' = 'ὈΔΥΣΣΕΎΣ' COLLATE case_sensitive;
+SELECT 'ὀδυσσεύς' = 'ὈΔΥΣΣΕΎΣ' COLLATE case_insensitive;
+
+-- name vs. text comparison operators
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'PG_CLASS'::text COLLATE case_insensitive;
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE 'PG_CLASS'::text = relname COLLATE case_insensitive;
+
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE typname LIKE 'int_' AND typname <> 'INT2'::text
+  COLLATE case_insensitive ORDER BY typname;
+SELECT typname FROM pg_type WHERE typname LIKE 'int_' AND 'INT2'::text <> typname
+  COLLATE case_insensitive ORDER BY typname;
+
+-- test case adapted from subselect.sql
+CREATE TEMP TABLE outer_text (f1 text COLLATE case_insensitive, f2 text);
+INSERT INTO outer_text VALUES ('a', 'a');
+INSERT INTO outer_text VALUES ('b', 'a');
+INSERT INTO outer_text VALUES ('A', NULL);
+INSERT INTO outer_text VALUES ('B', NULL);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE inner_text (c1 text COLLATE case_insensitive, c2 text);
+INSERT INTO inner_text VALUES ('a', NULL);
+
+SELECT * FROM outer_text WHERE (f1, f2) NOT IN (SELECT * FROM inner_text);
+
+-- accents
+CREATE COLLATION ignore_accents (provider = icu, locale = '@colStrength=primary;colCaseLevel=yes', deterministic = false);
+
+CREATE TABLE test4 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO test4 VALUES (1, 'cote'), (2, 'côte'), (3, 'coté'), (4, 'côté');
+SELECT * FROM test4 WHERE b = 'cote';
+SELECT * FROM test4 WHERE b = 'cote' COLLATE ignore_accents;
+SELECT * FROM test4 WHERE b = 'Cote' COLLATE ignore_accents;  -- still case-sensitive
+SELECT * FROM test4 WHERE b = 'Cote' COLLATE case_insensitive;
+
+-- foreign keys (should use collation of primary key)
+
+-- PK is case-sensitive, FK is case-insensitive
+CREATE TABLE test10pk (x text COLLATE case_sensitive PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO test10pk VALUES ('abc'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+CREATE TABLE test10fk (x text COLLATE case_insensitive REFERENCES test10pk (x) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE);
+INSERT INTO test10fk VALUES ('abc');  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test10fk VALUES ('ABC');  -- error
+INSERT INTO test10fk VALUES ('xyz');  -- error
+SELECT * FROM test10pk;
+SELECT * FROM test10fk;
+-- restrict update even though the values are "equal" in the FK table
+UPDATE test10fk SET x = 'ABC' WHERE x = 'abc';  -- error
+SELECT * FROM test10fk;
+DELETE FROM test10pk WHERE x = 'abc';
+SELECT * FROM test10pk;
+SELECT * FROM test10fk;
+
+-- PK is case-insensitive, FK is case-sensitive
+CREATE TABLE test11pk (x text COLLATE case_insensitive PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO test11pk VALUES ('abc'), ('def'), ('ghi');
+CREATE TABLE test11fk (x text COLLATE case_sensitive REFERENCES test11pk (x) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE);
+INSERT INTO test11fk VALUES ('abc');  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test11fk VALUES ('ABC');  -- ok
+INSERT INTO test11fk VALUES ('xyz');  -- error
+SELECT * FROM test11pk;
+SELECT * FROM test11fk;
+-- cascade update even though the values are "equal" in the PK table
+UPDATE test11pk SET x = 'ABC' WHERE x = 'abc';
+SELECT * FROM test11fk;
+DELETE FROM test11pk WHERE x = 'abc';
+SELECT * FROM test11pk;
+SELECT * FROM test11fk;
+
+-- partitioning
+CREATE TABLE test20 (a int, b text COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+CREATE TABLE test20_1 PARTITION OF test20 FOR VALUES IN ('abc');
+INSERT INTO test20 VALUES (1, 'abc');
+INSERT INTO test20 VALUES (2, 'ABC');
+SELECT * FROM test20_1;
+
+CREATE TABLE test21 (a int, b text COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE test21_1 PARTITION OF test21 FOR VALUES FROM ('ABC') TO ('DEF');
+INSERT INTO test21 VALUES (1, 'abc');
+INSERT INTO test21 VALUES (2, 'ABC');
+SELECT * FROM test21_1;
+
+CREATE TABLE test22 (a int, b text COLLATE case_sensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test22_0 PARTITION OF test22 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test22_1 PARTITION OF test22 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test22 VALUES (1, 'def');
+INSERT INTO test22 VALUES (2, 'DEF');
+-- they end up in different partitions
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test22_0) = (SELECT count(*) FROM test22_1);
+
+-- same with arrays
+CREATE TABLE test22a (a int, b text[] COLLATE case_sensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test22a_0 PARTITION OF test22a FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test22a_1 PARTITION OF test22a FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test22a VALUES (1, ARRAY['def']);
+INSERT INTO test22a VALUES (2, ARRAY['DEF']);
+-- they end up in different partitions
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test22a_0) = (SELECT count(*) FROM test22a_1);
+
+CREATE TABLE test23 (a int, b text COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test23_0 PARTITION OF test23 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test23_1 PARTITION OF test23 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test23 VALUES (1, 'def');
+INSERT INTO test23 VALUES (2, 'DEF');
+-- they end up in the same partition (but it's platform-dependent which one)
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test23_0) <> (SELECT count(*) FROM test23_1);
+
+-- same with arrays
+CREATE TABLE test23a (a int, b text[] COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test23a_0 PARTITION OF test23a FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test23a_1 PARTITION OF test23a FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test23a VALUES (1, ARRAY['def']);
+INSERT INTO test23a VALUES (2, ARRAY['DEF']);
+-- they end up in the same partition (but it's platform-dependent which one)
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test23a_0) <> (SELECT count(*) FROM test23a_1);
+
+CREATE TABLE test30 (a int, b char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY LIST (b);
+CREATE TABLE test30_1 PARTITION OF test30 FOR VALUES IN ('abc');
+INSERT INTO test30 VALUES (1, 'abc');
+INSERT INTO test30 VALUES (2, 'ABC');
+SELECT * FROM test30_1;
+
+CREATE TABLE test31 (a int, b char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE test31_1 PARTITION OF test31 FOR VALUES FROM ('ABC') TO ('DEF');
+INSERT INTO test31 VALUES (1, 'abc');
+INSERT INTO test31 VALUES (2, 'ABC');
+SELECT * FROM test31_1;
+
+CREATE TABLE test32 (a int, b char(3) COLLATE case_sensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test32_0 PARTITION OF test32 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test32_1 PARTITION OF test32 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test32 VALUES (1, 'def');
+INSERT INTO test32 VALUES (2, 'DEF');
+-- they end up in different partitions
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test32_0) = (SELECT count(*) FROM test32_1);
+
+CREATE TABLE test33 (a int, b char(3) COLLATE case_insensitive) PARTITION BY HASH (b);
+CREATE TABLE test33_0 PARTITION OF test33 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE test33_1 PARTITION OF test33 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO test33 VALUES (1, 'def');
+INSERT INTO test33 VALUES (2, 'DEF');
+-- they end up in the same partition (but it's platform-dependent which one)
+SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM test33_0) <> (SELECT count(*) FROM test33_1);
+
+
+-- cleanup
+RESET search_path;
+SET client_min_messages TO warning;
+DROP SCHEMA collate_tests CASCADE;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+-- leave a collation for pg_upgrade test
+CREATE COLLATION coll_icu_upgrade FROM "und-x-icu";
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/collate.linux.utf8.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/collate.linux.utf8.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f6dd1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/collate.linux.utf8.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+/*
+ * This test is for Linux/glibc systems and assumes that a full set of
+ * locales is installed.  It must be run in a database with UTF-8 encoding,
+ * because other encodings don't support all the characters used.
+ */
+
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() <> 'UTF8' OR
+       (SELECT count(*) FROM pg_collation WHERE collname IN ('de_DE', 'en_US', 'sv_SE', 'tr_TR') AND collencoding = pg_char_to_encoding('UTF8')) <> 4 OR
+       version() !~ 'linux-gnu'
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+
+SET client_encoding TO UTF8;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA collate_tests;
+SET search_path = collate_tests;
+
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test1 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "en_US" NOT NULL
+);
+
+\d collate_test1
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "ja_JP.eucjp"
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "foo"
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int COLLATE "en_US",
+    b text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_like (
+    LIKE collate_test1
+);
+
+\d collate_test_like
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test2 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "sv_SE"
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test3 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "C"
+);
+
+INSERT INTO collate_test1 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'äbc'), (3, 'bbc'), (4, 'ABC');
+INSERT INTO collate_test2 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+INSERT INTO collate_test3 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test2 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 WHERE b >= 'bbc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 WHERE b >= 'BBC';
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'bbc' COLLATE "C";
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "C";
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "en_US";
+
+
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_sv AS text COLLATE "sv_SE";
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_i AS int COLLATE "sv_SE"; -- fails
+CREATE TABLE collate_test4 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_sv
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test4 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test4 ORDER BY b;
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test5 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_sv COLLATE "en_US"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test5 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test5 ORDER BY b;
+
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY b;
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+
+-- star expansion
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+SELECT * FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+SELECT * FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY b;
+
+-- constant expression folding
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "en_US" > 'äbc' COLLATE "en_US" AS "true";
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "sv_SE" > 'äbc' COLLATE "sv_SE" AS "false";
+
+-- upper/lower
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test10 (
+    a int,
+    x text COLLATE "en_US",
+    y text COLLATE "tr_TR"
+);
+
+INSERT INTO collate_test10 VALUES (1, 'hij', 'hij'), (2, 'HIJ', 'HIJ');
+
+SELECT a, lower(x), lower(y), upper(x), upper(y), initcap(x), initcap(y) FROM collate_test10;
+SELECT a, lower(x COLLATE "C"), lower(y COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, x, y FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY lower(y), a;
+
+-- LIKE/ILIKE
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE 'abc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE 'abc%';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b LIKE '%bc%';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE 'abc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE 'abc%';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ILIKE '%bc%';
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "en_US" ILIKE '%KI%' AS "true";
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "tr_TR" ILIKE '%KI%' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ILIKE 'BIT' COLLATE "en_US" AS "false";
+SELECT 'bıt' ILIKE 'BIT' COLLATE "tr_TR" AS "true";
+
+-- The following actually exercises the selectivity estimation for ILIKE.
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname ILIKE 'abc%';
+
+-- regular expressions
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ '^abc$';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ '^abc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~ 'bc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* '^abc$';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* '^abc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b ~* 'bc';
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test6 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "en_US"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test6 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'ABC'), (3, '123'), (4, 'ab1'),
+                                 (5, 'a1!'), (6, 'a c'), (7, '!.;'), (8, '   '),
+                                 (9, 'äbç'), (10, 'ÄBÇ');
+SELECT b,
+       b ~ '^[[:alpha:]]+$' AS is_alpha,
+       b ~ '^[[:upper:]]+$' AS is_upper,
+       b ~ '^[[:lower:]]+$' AS is_lower,
+       b ~ '^[[:digit:]]+$' AS is_digit,
+       b ~ '^[[:alnum:]]+$' AS is_alnum,
+       b ~ '^[[:graph:]]+$' AS is_graph,
+       b ~ '^[[:print:]]+$' AS is_print,
+       b ~ '^[[:punct:]]+$' AS is_punct,
+       b ~ '^[[:space:]]+$' AS is_space
+FROM collate_test6;
+
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "en_US" ~* 'KI' AS "true";
+SELECT 'Türkiye' COLLATE "tr_TR" ~* 'KI' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'bıt' ~* 'BIT' COLLATE "en_US" AS "false";
+SELECT 'bıt' ~* 'BIT' COLLATE "tr_TR" AS "true";
+
+-- The following actually exercises the selectivity estimation for ~*.
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~* '^abc';
+
+
+-- to_char
+
+SET lc_time TO 'tr_TR';
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-02-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY');
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-02-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY' COLLATE "tr_TR");
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-04-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY');
+SELECT to_char(date '2010-04-01', 'DD TMMON YYYY' COLLATE "tr_TR");
+
+-- to_date
+
+SELECT to_date('01 ŞUB 2010', 'DD TMMON YYYY');
+SELECT to_date('01 Şub 2010', 'DD TMMON YYYY');
+SELECT to_date('1234567890ab 2010', 'TMMONTH YYYY'); -- fail
+
+
+-- backwards parsing
+
+CREATE VIEW collview1 AS SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
+CREATE VIEW collview2 AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+CREATE VIEW collview3 AS SELECT a, lower((x || x) COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
+  WHERE table_name LIKE 'collview%' ORDER BY 1;
+
+
+-- collation propagation in various expression types
+
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, lower(coalesce(x, 'foo')), lower(coalesce(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 3;
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 3;
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 3;
+SELECT a, x, y, lower(greatest(x, 'foo')), lower(greatest(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, lower(nullif(x, 'foo')), lower(nullif(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain AS text;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain_sv FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, lower(x::testdomain), lower(y::testdomain) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test2;
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test3;
+
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2;
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test3;
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a < 4 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a > 1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 WHERE a < 2 ORDER BY 2;
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3; -- ok
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+SELECT a, b COLLATE "C" FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- ok
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+
+CREATE TABLE test_u AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test3; -- fail
+
+-- ideally this would be a parse-time error, but for now it must be run-time:
+select x < y from collate_test10; -- fail
+select x || y from collate_test10; -- ok, because || is not collation aware
+select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y; -- not so ok
+
+-- collation mismatch between recursive and non-recursive term
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(x) AS
+   (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "en_US"),('b')) t(x)
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT (x || 'c') COLLATE "de_DE" FROM foo WHERE length(x) < 10)
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+
+-- casting
+
+SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
+
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+
+
+-- propagation of collation in SQL functions (inlined and non-inlined cases)
+-- and plpgsql functions too
+
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE sql
+    AS $$ select $1 < $2 $$;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt_noninline (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE sql
+    AS $$ select $1 < $2 limit 1 $$;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt_plpgsql (text, text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql
+    AS $$ begin return $1 < $2; end $$;
+
+SELECT a.b AS a, b.b AS b, a.b < b.b AS lt,
+       mylt(a.b, b.b), mylt_noninline(a.b, b.b), mylt_plpgsql(a.b, b.b)
+FROM collate_test1 a, collate_test1 b
+ORDER BY a.b, b.b;
+
+SELECT a.b AS a, b.b AS b, a.b < b.b COLLATE "C" AS lt,
+       mylt(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C"), mylt_noninline(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C"),
+       mylt_plpgsql(a.b, b.b COLLATE "C")
+FROM collate_test1 a, collate_test1 b
+ORDER BY a.b, b.b;
+
+
+-- collation override in plpgsql
+
+CREATE FUNCTION mylt2 (x text, y text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+  xx text := x;
+  yy text := y;
+begin
+  return xx < yy;
+end
+$$;
+
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "en_US") as t, mylt2('a', 'B' collate "C") as f;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
+  mylt2 (x text, y text) RETURNS boolean LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+  xx text COLLATE "POSIX" := x;
+  yy text := y;
+begin
+  return xx < yy;
+end
+$$;
+
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B') as f;
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "C") as fail; -- conflicting collations
+SELECT mylt2('a', 'B' collate "POSIX") as f;
+
+
+-- polymorphism
+
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1)) ORDER BY 1;
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2)) ORDER BY 1;
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test3)) ORDER BY 1;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (anyelement) RETURNS anyelement
+    AS 'select $1' LANGUAGE sql;
+
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test3 ORDER BY 2;
+
+
+-- indexes
+
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_test1 (b);
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_test1 (b COLLATE "C");
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_test1 ((b COLLATE "C")); -- this is different grammatically
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_test1 (((b||'foo') COLLATE "POSIX"));
+
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx5 ON collate_test1 (a COLLATE "C"); -- fail
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "C")); -- fail
+
+SELECT relname, pg_get_indexdef(oid) FROM pg_class WHERE relname LIKE 'collate_test%_idx%' ORDER BY 1;
+
+
+-- schema manipulation commands
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SCHEMA test_schema;
+
+-- We need to do this this way to cope with varying names for encodings:
+do $$
+BEGIN
+  EXECUTE 'CREATE COLLATION test0 (locale = ' ||
+          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_collate')) || ');';
+END
+$$;
+CREATE COLLATION test0 FROM "C"; -- fail, duplicate name
+CREATE COLLATION IF NOT EXISTS test0 FROM "C"; -- ok, skipped
+CREATE COLLATION IF NOT EXISTS test0 (locale = 'foo'); -- ok, skipped
+do $$
+BEGIN
+  EXECUTE 'CREATE COLLATION test1 (lc_collate = ' ||
+          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_collate')) ||
+          ', lc_ctype = ' ||
+          quote_literal(current_setting('lc_ctype')) || ');';
+END
+$$;
+CREATE COLLATION test3 (lc_collate = 'en_US.utf8'); -- fail, need lc_ctype
+CREATE COLLATION testx (locale = 'nonsense'); -- fail
+
+CREATE COLLATION test4 FROM nonsense;
+CREATE COLLATION test5 FROM test0;
+
+SELECT collname FROM pg_collation WHERE collname LIKE 'test%' ORDER BY 1;
+
+ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test11;
+ALTER COLLATION test0 RENAME TO test11; -- fail
+ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test22; -- fail
+
+ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO nonsense;
+ALTER COLLATION test11 SET SCHEMA test_schema;
+
+COMMENT ON COLLATION test0 IS 'US English';
+
+SELECT collname, nspname, obj_description(pg_collation.oid, 'pg_collation')
+    FROM pg_collation JOIN pg_namespace ON (collnamespace = pg_namespace.oid)
+    WHERE collname LIKE 'test%'
+    ORDER BY 1;
+
+DROP COLLATION test0, test_schema.test11, test5;
+DROP COLLATION test0; -- fail
+DROP COLLATION IF EXISTS test0;
+
+SELECT collname FROM pg_collation WHERE collname LIKE 'test%';
+
+DROP SCHEMA test_schema;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role;
+
+
+-- ALTER
+
+ALTER COLLATION "en_US" REFRESH VERSION;
+
+-- also test for database while we are here
+SELECT current_database() AS datname \gset
+ALTER DATABASE :"datname" REFRESH COLLATION VERSION;
+
+
+-- dependencies
+
+CREATE COLLATION test0 FROM "C";
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_dep_test1 (a int, b text COLLATE test0);
+CREATE DOMAIN collate_dep_dom1 AS text COLLATE test0;
+CREATE TYPE collate_dep_test2 AS (x int, y text COLLATE test0);
+CREATE VIEW collate_dep_test3 AS SELECT text 'foo' COLLATE test0 AS foo;
+CREATE TABLE collate_dep_test4t (a int, b text);
+CREATE INDEX collate_dep_test4i ON collate_dep_test4t (b COLLATE test0);
+
+DROP COLLATION test0 RESTRICT; -- fail
+DROP COLLATION test0 CASCADE;
+
+\d collate_dep_test1
+\d collate_dep_test2
+
+DROP TABLE collate_dep_test1, collate_dep_test4t;
+DROP TYPE collate_dep_test2;
+
+-- test range types and collations
+
+create type textrange_c as range(subtype=text, collation="C");
+create type textrange_en_us as range(subtype=text, collation="en_US");
+
+select textrange_c('A','Z') @> 'b'::text;
+select textrange_en_us('A','Z') @> 'b'::text;
+
+drop type textrange_c;
+drop type textrange_en_us;
+
+
+-- nondeterministic collations
+-- (not supported with libc provider)
+
+CREATE COLLATION ctest_det (locale = 'en_US.utf8', deterministic = true);
+CREATE COLLATION ctest_nondet (locale = 'en_US.utf8', deterministic = false);
+
+
+-- cleanup
+SET client_min_messages TO warning;
+DROP SCHEMA collate_tests CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/collate.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/collate.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3d40fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/collate.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+/*
+ * This test is intended to pass on all platforms supported by Postgres.
+ * We can therefore only assume that the default, C, and POSIX collations
+ * are available --- and since the regression tests are often run in a
+ * C-locale database, these may well all have the same behavior.  But
+ * fortunately, the system doesn't know that and will treat them as
+ * incompatible collations.  It is therefore at least possible to test
+ * parser behaviors such as collation conflict resolution.  This test will,
+ * however, be more revealing when run in a database with non-C locale,
+ * since any departure from C sorting behavior will show as a failure.
+ */
+
+CREATE SCHEMA collate_tests;
+SET search_path = collate_tests;
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test1 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "C" NOT NULL
+);
+
+\d collate_test1
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
+    a int COLLATE "C",
+    b text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test_like (
+    LIKE collate_test1
+);
+
+\d collate_test_like
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test2 (
+    a int,
+    b text COLLATE "POSIX"
+);
+
+INSERT INTO collate_test1 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'Abc'), (3, 'bbc'), (4, 'ABD');
+INSERT INTO collate_test2 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'abc';
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'abc' COLLATE "C";
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'abc' COLLATE "C";
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "POSIX"; -- fail
+
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_p AS text COLLATE "POSIX";
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_i AS int COLLATE "POSIX"; -- fail
+CREATE TABLE collate_test4 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_p
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test4 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test4 ORDER BY b;
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test5 (
+    a int,
+    b testdomain_p COLLATE "C"
+);
+INSERT INTO collate_test5 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test5 ORDER BY b;
+
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+
+-- star expansion
+SELECT * FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
+SELECT * FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
+
+-- constant expression folding
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "C" > 'Abc' COLLATE "C" AS "true";
+SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "POSIX" < 'Abc' COLLATE "POSIX" AS "false";
+
+-- upper/lower
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test10 (
+    a int,
+    x text COLLATE "C",
+    y text COLLATE "POSIX"
+);
+
+INSERT INTO collate_test10 VALUES (1, 'hij', 'hij'), (2, 'HIJ', 'HIJ');
+
+SELECT a, lower(x), lower(y), upper(x), upper(y), initcap(x), initcap(y) FROM collate_test10;
+SELECT a, lower(x COLLATE "C"), lower(y COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, x, y FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY lower(y), a;
+
+-- backwards parsing
+
+CREATE VIEW collview1 AS SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
+CREATE VIEW collview2 AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+CREATE VIEW collview3 AS SELECT a, lower((x || x) COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
+  WHERE table_name LIKE 'collview%' ORDER BY 1;
+
+
+-- collation propagation in various expression types
+
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, lower(coalesce(x, 'foo')), lower(coalesce(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 3;
+SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 3;
+SELECT a, x, y, lower(greatest(x, 'foo')), lower(greatest(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, lower(nullif(x, 'foo')), lower(nullif(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+
+CREATE DOMAIN testdomain AS text;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b::testdomain_p FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, lower(x::testdomain), lower(y::testdomain) FROM collate_test10;
+
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test2;
+
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1;
+SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2;
+
+-- In aggregates, ORDER BY expressions don't affect aggregate's collation
+SELECT string_agg(x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;  -- fail
+SELECT array_agg(x COLLATE "C" ORDER BY y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
+SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
+SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY x||y) FROM collate_test10;  -- fail
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a < 4 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a > 1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a < 2 ORDER BY 2;
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2; -- ok
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+SELECT a, b COLLATE "C" FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- ok
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
+
+CREATE TABLE test_u AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2; -- fail
+
+-- ideally this would be a parse-time error, but for now it must be run-time:
+select x < y from collate_test10; -- fail
+select x || y from collate_test10; -- ok, because || is not collation aware
+select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y; -- not so ok
+
+-- collation mismatch between recursive and non-recursive term
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(x) AS
+   (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "C"),('b')) t(x)
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT (x || 'c') COLLATE "POSIX" FROM foo WHERE length(x) < 10)
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+SELECT a, b, a < b as lt FROM
+  (VALUES ('a', 'B'), ('A', 'b' COLLATE "C")) v(a,b);
+
+-- collation mismatch in subselects
+SELECT * FROM collate_test10 WHERE (x, y) NOT IN (SELECT y, x FROM collate_test10);
+-- now it works with overrides
+SELECT * FROM collate_test10 WHERE (x COLLATE "POSIX", y COLLATE "C") NOT IN (SELECT y, x FROM collate_test10);
+SELECT * FROM collate_test10 WHERE (x, y) NOT IN (SELECT y COLLATE "C", x COLLATE "POSIX" FROM collate_test10);
+
+-- casting
+
+SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
+
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+
+
+-- result of a SQL function
+
+CREATE FUNCTION vc (text) RETURNS text LANGUAGE sql
+    AS 'select $1::varchar';
+
+SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY a, vc(b);
+
+
+-- polymorphism
+
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1)) ORDER BY 1;
+SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2)) ORDER BY 1;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (anyelement) RETURNS anyelement
+    AS 'select $1' LANGUAGE sql;
+
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
+
+
+-- indexes
+
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_test1 (b);
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_test1 (b COLLATE "POSIX");
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_test1 ((b COLLATE "POSIX")); -- this is different grammatically
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_test1 (((b||'foo') COLLATE "POSIX"));
+
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx5 ON collate_test1 (a COLLATE "POSIX"); -- fail
+CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "POSIX")); -- fail
+
+SELECT relname, pg_get_indexdef(oid) FROM pg_class WHERE relname LIKE 'collate_test%_idx%' ORDER BY 1;
+
+
+-- foreign keys
+
+-- force indexes and mergejoins to be used for FK checking queries,
+-- else they might not exercise collation-dependent operators
+SET enable_seqscan TO 0;
+SET enable_hashjoin TO 0;
+SET enable_nestloop TO 0;
+
+CREATE TABLE collate_test20 (f1 text COLLATE "C" PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO collate_test20 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar');
+CREATE TABLE collate_test21 (f2 text COLLATE "POSIX" REFERENCES collate_test20);
+INSERT INTO collate_test21 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar');
+INSERT INTO collate_test21 VALUES ('baz'); -- fail
+CREATE TABLE collate_test22 (f2 text COLLATE "POSIX");
+INSERT INTO collate_test22 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar'), ('baz');
+ALTER TABLE collate_test22 ADD FOREIGN KEY (f2) REFERENCES collate_test20; -- fail
+DELETE FROM collate_test22 WHERE f2 = 'baz';
+ALTER TABLE collate_test22 ADD FOREIGN KEY (f2) REFERENCES collate_test20;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+RESET enable_nestloop;
+
+
+-- EXPLAIN
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+  SELECT * FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY x, y;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+  SELECT * FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY x DESC, y COLLATE "C" ASC NULLS FIRST;
+
+
+-- CREATE/DROP COLLATION
+
+CREATE COLLATION mycoll1 FROM "C";
+CREATE COLLATION mycoll2 ( LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LC_CTYPE = "POSIX" );
+CREATE COLLATION mycoll3 FROM "default";  -- intentionally unsupported
+
+DROP COLLATION mycoll1;
+CREATE TABLE collate_test23 (f1 text collate mycoll2);
+DROP COLLATION mycoll2;  -- fail
+
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE COLLATION case_coll ("Lc_Collate" = "POSIX", "Lc_Ctype" = "POSIX");
+
+-- 9.1 bug with useless COLLATE in an expression subject to length coercion
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE vctable (f1 varchar(25));
+INSERT INTO vctable VALUES ('foo' COLLATE "C");
+
+
+SELECT collation for ('foo'); -- unknown type - null
+SELECT collation for ('foo'::text);
+SELECT collation for ((SELECT a FROM collate_test1 LIMIT 1)); -- non-collatable type - error
+SELECT collation for ((SELECT b FROM collate_test1 LIMIT 1));
+
+-- old bug with not dropping COLLATE when coercing to non-collatable type
+CREATE VIEW collate_on_int AS
+SELECT c1+1 AS c1p FROM
+  (SELECT ('4' COLLATE "C")::INT AS c1) ss;
+\d+ collate_on_int
+
+-- Check conflicting or redundant options in CREATE COLLATION
+-- LC_COLLATE
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LC_COLLATE = "NONSENSE", LC_CTYPE = "POSIX");
+-- LC_CTYPE
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_CTYPE = "POSIX", LC_CTYPE = "NONSENSE", LC_COLLATE = "POSIX");
+-- PROVIDER
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (PROVIDER = icu, PROVIDER = NONSENSE, LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LC_CTYPE = "POSIX");
+-- LOCALE
+CREATE COLLATION case_sensitive (LOCALE = '', LOCALE = "NONSENSE");
+-- DETERMINISTIC
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (DETERMINISTIC = TRUE, DETERMINISTIC = NONSENSE, LOCALE = '');
+-- VERSION
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (VERSION = '1', VERSION = "NONSENSE", LOCALE = '');
+-- LOCALE conflicts with LC_COLLATE and LC_CTYPE
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LC_CTYPE = "POSIX", LOCALE = '');
+-- LOCALE conflicts with LC_COLLATE
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LOCALE = '');
+-- LOCALE conflicts with LC_CTYPE
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (LC_CTYPE = "POSIX", LOCALE = '');
+-- FROM conflicts with any other option
+CREATE COLLATION coll_dup_chk (FROM = "C", VERSION = "1");
+
+--
+-- Clean up.  Many of these table names will be re-used if the user is
+-- trying to run any platform-specific collation tests later, so we
+-- must get rid of them.
+--
+DROP SCHEMA collate_tests CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/combocid.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/combocid.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5cdf6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/combocid.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+--
+-- Tests for some likely failure cases with combo cmin/cmax mechanism
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE combocidtest (foobar int);
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- a few dummy ops to push up the CommandId counter
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+
+INSERT INTO combocidtest VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO combocidtest VALUES (2);
+
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+
+UPDATE combocidtest SET foobar = foobar + 10;
+
+-- here we should see only updated tuples
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+
+ROLLBACK TO s1;
+
+-- now we should see old tuples, but with combo CIDs starting at 0
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+-- combo data is not there anymore, but should still see tuples
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+
+-- Test combo CIDs with portals
+BEGIN;
+
+INSERT INTO combocidtest VALUES (333);
+
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+
+DELETE FROM combocidtest;
+
+FETCH ALL FROM c;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+
+-- check behavior with locked tuples
+BEGIN;
+
+-- a few dummy ops to push up the CommandId counter
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+INSERT INTO combocidtest SELECT 1 LIMIT 0;
+
+INSERT INTO combocidtest VALUES (444);
+
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+
+-- this doesn't affect cmin
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest FOR UPDATE;
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+
+-- but this does
+UPDATE combocidtest SET foobar = foobar + 10;
+
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+
+ROLLBACK TO s1;
+
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT ctid,cmin,* FROM combocidtest;
+
+-- test for bug reported in
+-- CABRT9RC81YUf1=jsmWopcKJEro=VoeG2ou6sPwyOUTx_qteRsg@mail.gmail.com
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS testcase(
+	id int PRIMARY KEY,
+	balance numeric
+);
+INSERT INTO testcase VALUES (1, 0);
+BEGIN;
+SELECT * FROM testcase WHERE testcase.id = 1 FOR UPDATE;
+UPDATE testcase SET balance = balance + 400 WHERE id=1;
+SAVEPOINT subxact;
+UPDATE testcase SET balance = balance - 100 WHERE id=1;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT subxact;
+-- should return one tuple
+SELECT * FROM testcase WHERE id = 1 FOR UPDATE;
+ROLLBACK;
+DROP TABLE testcase;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/comments.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/comments.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e47db1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/comments.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+--
+-- COMMENTS
+--
+
+SELECT 'trailing' AS first; -- trailing single line
+SELECT /* embedded single line */ 'embedded' AS second;
+SELECT /* both embedded and trailing single line */ 'both' AS third; -- trailing single line
+
+SELECT 'before multi-line' AS fourth;
+/* This is an example of SQL which should not execute:
+ * select 'multi-line';
+ */
+SELECT 'after multi-line' AS fifth;
+
+--
+-- Nested comments
+--
+
+/*
+SELECT 'trailing' as x1; -- inside block comment
+*/
+
+/* This block comment surrounds a query which itself has a block comment...
+SELECT /* embedded single line */ 'embedded' AS x2;
+*/
+
+SELECT -- continued after the following block comments...
+/* Deeply nested comment.
+   This includes a single apostrophe to make sure we aren't decoding this part as a string.
+SELECT 'deep nest' AS n1;
+/* Second level of nesting...
+SELECT 'deeper nest' as n2;
+/* Third level of nesting...
+SELECT 'deepest nest' as n3;
+*/
+Hoo boy. Still two deep...
+*/
+Now just one deep...
+*/
+'deeply nested example' AS sixth;
+
+/* and this is the end of the file */
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/compression.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/compression.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86332dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/compression.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+\set HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION false
+
+-- ensure we get stable results regardless of installation's default
+SET default_toast_compression = 'pglz';
+
+-- test creating table with compression method
+CREATE TABLE cmdata(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+CREATE INDEX idx ON cmdata(f1);
+INSERT INTO cmdata VALUES(repeat('1234567890', 1000));
+\d+ cmdata
+CREATE TABLE cmdata1(f1 TEXT COMPRESSION lz4);
+INSERT INTO cmdata1 VALUES(repeat('1234567890', 1004));
+\d+ cmdata1
+
+-- verify stored compression method in the data
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+
+-- decompress data slice
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 200, 5) FROM cmdata;
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 2000, 50) FROM cmdata1;
+
+-- copy with table creation
+SELECT * INTO cmmove1 FROM cmdata;
+\d+ cmmove1
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove1;
+
+-- copy to existing table
+CREATE TABLE cmmove3(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+INSERT INTO cmmove3 SELECT * FROM cmdata;
+INSERT INTO cmmove3 SELECT * FROM cmdata1;
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove3;
+
+-- test LIKE INCLUDING COMPRESSION
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (LIKE cmdata1 INCLUDING COMPRESSION);
+\d+ cmdata2
+DROP TABLE cmdata2;
+
+-- try setting compression for incompressible data type
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 int COMPRESSION pglz);
+
+-- update using datum from different table
+CREATE TABLE cmmove2(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+INSERT INTO cmmove2 VALUES (repeat('1234567890', 1004));
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove2;
+UPDATE cmmove2 SET f1 = cmdata1.f1 FROM cmdata1;
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmmove2;
+
+-- test externally stored compressed data
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION large_val() RETURNS TEXT LANGUAGE SQL AS
+'select array_agg(md5(g::text))::text from generate_series(1, 256) g';
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+INSERT INTO cmdata2 SELECT large_val() || repeat('a', 4000);
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata2;
+INSERT INTO cmdata1 SELECT large_val() || repeat('a', 4000);
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 200, 5) FROM cmdata1;
+SELECT SUBSTR(f1, 200, 5) FROM cmdata2;
+DROP TABLE cmdata2;
+
+--test column type update varlena/non-varlena
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 int);
+\d+ cmdata2
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 TYPE varchar;
+\d+ cmdata2
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 TYPE int USING f1::integer;
+\d+ cmdata2
+
+--changing column storage should not impact the compression method
+--but the data should not be compressed
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 TYPE varchar;
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION pglz;
+\d+ cmdata2
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET STORAGE plain;
+\d+ cmdata2
+INSERT INTO cmdata2 VALUES (repeat('123456789', 800));
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata2;
+
+-- test compression with materialized view
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW compressmv(x) AS SELECT * FROM cmdata1;
+\d+ compressmv
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+SELECT pg_column_compression(x) FROM compressmv;
+
+-- test compression with partition
+CREATE TABLE cmpart(f1 text COMPRESSION lz4) PARTITION BY HASH(f1);
+CREATE TABLE cmpart1 PARTITION OF cmpart FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE cmpart2(f1 text COMPRESSION pglz);
+
+ALTER TABLE cmpart ATTACH PARTITION cmpart2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 1004));
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 4004));
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart1;
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart2;
+
+-- test compression with inheritance, error
+CREATE TABLE cminh() INHERITS(cmdata, cmdata1);
+CREATE TABLE cminh(f1 TEXT COMPRESSION lz4) INHERITS(cmdata);
+
+-- test default_toast_compression GUC
+SET default_toast_compression = '';
+SET default_toast_compression = 'I do not exist compression';
+SET default_toast_compression = 'lz4';
+SET default_toast_compression = 'pglz';
+
+-- test alter compression method
+ALTER TABLE cmdata ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION lz4;
+INSERT INTO cmdata VALUES (repeat('123456789', 4004));
+\d+ cmdata
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+
+ALTER TABLE cmdata2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION default;
+\d+ cmdata2
+
+-- test alter compression method for materialized views
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW compressmv ALTER COLUMN x SET COMPRESSION lz4;
+\d+ compressmv
+
+-- test alter compression method for partitioned tables
+ALTER TABLE cmpart1 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION pglz;
+ALTER TABLE cmpart2 ALTER COLUMN f1 SET COMPRESSION lz4;
+
+-- new data should be compressed with the current compression method
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 1004));
+INSERT INTO cmpart VALUES (repeat('123456789', 4004));
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart1;
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmpart2;
+
+-- VACUUM FULL does not recompress
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+VACUUM FULL cmdata;
+SELECT pg_column_compression(f1) FROM cmdata;
+
+-- test expression index
+DROP TABLE cmdata2;
+CREATE TABLE cmdata2 (f1 TEXT COMPRESSION pglz, f2 TEXT COMPRESSION lz4);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx1 ON cmdata2 ((f1 || f2));
+INSERT INTO cmdata2 VALUES((SELECT array_agg(md5(g::TEXT))::TEXT FROM
+generate_series(1, 50) g), VERSION());
+
+-- check data is ok
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmdata;
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmdata1;
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmmove1;
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmmove2;
+SELECT length(f1) FROM cmmove3;
+
+CREATE TABLE badcompresstbl (a text COMPRESSION I_Do_Not_Exist_Compression); -- fails
+CREATE TABLE badcompresstbl (a text);
+ALTER TABLE badcompresstbl ALTER a SET COMPRESSION I_Do_Not_Exist_Compression; -- fails
+DROP TABLE badcompresstbl;
+
+\set HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION true
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/constraints.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/constraints.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ffcd4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/constraints.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,593 @@
+--
+-- CONSTRAINTS
+-- Constraints can be specified with:
+--  - DEFAULT clause
+--  - CHECK clauses
+--  - PRIMARY KEY clauses
+--  - UNIQUE clauses
+--  - EXCLUDE clauses
+--
+
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+
+--
+-- DEFAULT syntax
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE DEFAULT_TBL (i int DEFAULT 100,
+	x text DEFAULT 'vadim', f float8 DEFAULT 123.456);
+
+INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'thomas', 57.0613);
+INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'bruce');
+INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (i, f) VALUES (2, 987.654);
+INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (x) VALUES ('marc');
+INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (3, null, 1.0);
+
+SELECT * FROM DEFAULT_TBL;
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE DEFAULT_SEQ;
+
+CREATE TABLE DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1 int DEFAULT 100 + (200-199) * 2,
+	i2 int DEFAULT nextval('default_seq'));
+
+INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL VALUES (-1, -2);
+INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1) VALUES (-3);
+INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (-4);
+INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (NULL);
+
+SELECT * FROM DEFAULTEXPR_TBL;
+
+-- syntax errors
+--  test for extraneous comma
+CREATE TABLE error_tbl (i int DEFAULT (100, ));
+--  this will fail because gram.y uses b_expr not a_expr for defaults,
+--  to avoid a shift/reduce conflict that arises from NOT NULL being
+--  part of the column definition syntax:
+CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT 1 IN (1, 2));
+--  this should work, however:
+CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT (1 IN (1, 2)));
+
+DROP TABLE error_tbl;
+
+--
+-- CHECK syntax
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE CHECK_TBL (x int,
+	CONSTRAINT CHECK_CON CHECK (x > 3));
+
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (5);
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (4);
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (3);
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (6);
+INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (1);
+
+SELECT * FROM CHECK_TBL;
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE CHECK_SEQ;
+
+CREATE TABLE CHECK2_TBL (x int, y text, z int,
+	CONSTRAINT SEQUENCE_CON
+	CHECK (x > 3 and y <> 'check failed' and z < 8));
+
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (4, 'check ok', -2);
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (1, 'x check failed', -2);
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (5, 'z check failed', 10);
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (0, 'check failed', -2);
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (6, 'check failed', 11);
+INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (7, 'check ok', 7);
+
+SELECT * from CHECK2_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Check constraints on INSERT
+--
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ;
+
+CREATE TABLE INSERT_TBL (x INT DEFAULT nextval('insert_seq'),
+	y TEXT DEFAULT '-NULL-',
+	z INT DEFAULT -1 * currval('insert_seq'),
+	CONSTRAINT INSERT_TBL_CON CHECK (x >= 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 8),
+	CHECK (x + z = 0));
+
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (2, -2);
+
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+
+SELECT 'one' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
+
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (1, -2);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(z,x) VALUES (-7,  7);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (5, 'check failed', -5);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (7, '!check failed', -7);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
+
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) VALUES ('check failed', 4);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, 'check failed');
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, '!check failed');
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
+
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+
+SELECT 'seven' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
+
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
+
+SELECT 'eight' AS one, currval('insert_seq');
+
+-- According to SQL, it is OK to insert a record that gives rise to NULL
+-- constraint-condition results.  Postgres used to reject this, but it
+-- was wrong:
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (null, null, null);
+
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Check constraints on system columns
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
+                  altitude int,
+                  CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND tableoid::regclass::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
+
+INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Seattle', 'Washington', false, 100);
+INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Olympia', 'Washington', true, 100);
+
+SELECT *, tableoid::regclass::text FROM SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
+
+DROP TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Check constraints on system columns other then TableOid should return error
+--
+CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
+                  altitude int,
+				  CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND ctid::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
+
+--
+-- Check inheritance of defaults and constraints
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE INSERT_CHILD (cx INT default 42,
+	cy INT CHECK (cy > x))
+	INHERITS (INSERT_TBL);
+
+INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,11);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,6);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (6,-7,7);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,y,z,cy) VALUES (6,'check failed',-6,7);
+
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_CHILD;
+
+DROP TABLE INSERT_CHILD;
+
+--
+-- Check NO INHERIT type of constraints and inheritance
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT
+	CHECK (TEST > 0) NO INHERIT);
+
+CREATE TABLE ATACC2 (TEST2 INT) INHERITS (ATACC1);
+-- check constraint is not there on child
+INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
+-- check constraint is there on parent
+INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
+DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
+
+CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT, TEST2 INT
+	CHECK (TEST > 0), CHECK (TEST2 > 10) NO INHERIT);
+
+CREATE TABLE ATACC2 () INHERITS (ATACC1);
+-- check constraint is there on child
+INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
+-- check constraint is there on parent
+INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
+-- check constraint is not there on child
+INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
+-- check constraint is there on parent
+INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
+DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
+
+--
+-- Check constraints on INSERT INTO
+--
+
+DELETE FROM INSERT_TBL;
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ RESTART WITH 4;
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp (xd INT, yd TEXT, zd INT);
+
+INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'Y', null);
+INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (5, '!check failed', null);
+INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'try again', null);
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) select yd from tmp;
+
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL SELECT * FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -7 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
+INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -8 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
+
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+
+DROP TABLE tmp;
+
+--
+-- Check constraints on UPDATE
+--
+
+UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = NULL WHERE x = 5;
+UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = 6 WHERE x = 6;
+UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = -z, z = -x;
+UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = z, z = x;
+
+SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
+
+-- DROP TABLE INSERT_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Check constraints on COPY FROM
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE COPY_TBL (x INT, y TEXT, z INT,
+	CONSTRAINT COPY_CON
+	CHECK (x > 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 7 ));
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/constro.data'
+COPY COPY_TBL FROM :'filename';
+
+SELECT * FROM COPY_TBL;
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/constrf.data'
+COPY COPY_TBL FROM :'filename';
+
+SELECT * FROM COPY_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Primary keys
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int PRIMARY KEY, t text);
+
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
+
+SELECT * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
+
+DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
+
+CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int, t text,
+	PRIMARY KEY(i,t));
+
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
+
+SELECT * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
+
+DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Unique keys
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int UNIQUE, t text);
+
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (4, 'four');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('seven');
+
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'five-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'five-upsert-update';
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (6, 'six-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'six-upsert-update';
+-- should fail
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (2, 'b') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'fails';
+
+SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
+
+DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
+
+CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int UNIQUE NULLS NOT DISTINCT, t text);
+
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');  -- fail
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (4, 'four');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('seven');  -- fail
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('eight') ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;  -- no-op
+
+SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
+
+DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
+
+CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int, t text,
+	UNIQUE(i,t));
+
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
+
+SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
+
+DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Deferrable unique constraints
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE unique_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE, t text);
+
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (0, 'one');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'two');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (2, 'tree');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'four');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (4, 'five');
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- default is immediate so this should fail right away
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 1 WHERE i = 0;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- check is done at end of statement, so this should succeed
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = i+1;
+
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+
+-- explicitly defer the constraint
+BEGIN;
+
+SET CONSTRAINTS unique_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
+
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'three');
+DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'tree'; -- makes constraint valid again
+
+COMMIT; -- should succeed
+
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+
+-- try adding an initially deferred constraint
+ALTER TABLE unique_tbl DROP CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key;
+ALTER TABLE unique_tbl ADD CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key
+	UNIQUE (i) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+
+BEGIN;
+
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'five');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (5, 'one');
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 4 WHERE i = 2;
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 2 WHERE i = 4 AND t = 'four';
+DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 1 AND t = 'one';
+DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 5 AND t = 'five';
+
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+
+-- should fail at commit-time
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
+COMMIT; -- should fail
+
+-- make constraint check immediate
+BEGIN;
+
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
+
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should fail
+
+COMMIT;
+
+-- forced check when SET CONSTRAINTS is called
+BEGIN;
+
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;
+
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
+
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE; -- should fail
+
+COMMIT;
+
+-- test deferrable UNIQUE with a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE) partition by range (i);
+CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_1 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_2 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+SELECT conname, conrelid::regclass FROM pg_constraint
+  WHERE conname LIKE 'parted_uniq%' ORDER BY conname;
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);
+SAVEPOINT f;
+INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);	-- unique violation
+ROLLBACK TO f;
+SET CONSTRAINTS parted_uniq_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);	-- OK now, fail at commit
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE parted_uniq_tbl;
+
+-- test naming a constraint in a partition when a conflict exists
+CREATE TABLE parted_fk_naming (
+    id bigint NOT NULL default 1,
+    id_abc bigint,
+    CONSTRAINT dummy_constr FOREIGN KEY (id_abc)
+        REFERENCES parted_fk_naming (id),
+    PRIMARY KEY (id)
+)
+PARTITION BY LIST (id);
+CREATE TABLE parted_fk_naming_1 (
+    id bigint NOT NULL default 1,
+    id_abc bigint,
+    PRIMARY KEY (id),
+    CONSTRAINT dummy_constr CHECK (true)
+);
+ALTER TABLE parted_fk_naming ATTACH PARTITION parted_fk_naming_1 FOR VALUES IN ('1');
+SELECT conname FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'parted_fk_naming_1'::regclass AND contype = 'f';
+DROP TABLE parted_fk_naming;
+
+-- test a HOT update that invalidates the conflicting tuple.
+-- the trigger should still fire and catch the violation
+
+BEGIN;
+
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'THREE' WHERE i = 3 AND t = 'Three';
+
+COMMIT; -- should fail
+
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+
+-- test a HOT update that modifies the newly inserted tuple,
+-- but should succeed because we then remove the other conflicting tuple.
+
+BEGIN;
+
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES(3, 'tree'); -- should succeed for now
+UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'threex' WHERE t = 'tree';
+DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'three';
+
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
+
+DROP TABLE unique_tbl;
+
+--
+-- EXCLUDE constraints
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE circles (
+  c1 CIRCLE,
+  c2 TEXT,
+  EXCLUDE USING gist
+    (c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&)
+    WHERE (circle_center(c1) <> '(0,0)')
+);
+
+-- these should succeed because they don't match the index predicate
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 5>');
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 4>');
+
+-- succeed
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(10,10), 10>', '<(0,0), 5>');
+-- fail, overlaps
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>');
+-- succeed, because violation is ignored
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
+  ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO NOTHING;
+-- fail, because DO UPDATE variant requires unique index
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
+  ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO UPDATE SET c2 = EXCLUDED.c2;
+-- succeed because c1 doesn't overlap
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 1>', '<(0,0), 5>');
+-- succeed because c2 doesn't overlap
+INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(10,10), 5>');
+
+-- should fail on existing data without the WHERE clause
+ALTER TABLE circles ADD EXCLUDE USING gist
+  (c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&);
+
+-- try reindexing an existing constraint
+REINDEX INDEX circles_c1_c2_excl;
+
+DROP TABLE circles;
+
+-- Check deferred exclusion constraint
+
+CREATE TABLE deferred_excl (
+  f1 int,
+  f2 int,
+  CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =) INITIALLY DEFERRED
+);
+
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1);
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2);
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1); -- fail
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con DO NOTHING; -- fail
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2); -- no fail here
+COMMIT; -- should fail here
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3);
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3); -- no fail here
+COMMIT; -- should fail here
+
+-- bug #13148: deferred constraint versus HOT update
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2, 1); -- no fail here
+DELETE FROM deferred_excl WHERE f1 = 2 AND f2 IS NULL; -- remove old row
+UPDATE deferred_excl SET f2 = 2 WHERE f1 = 2;
+COMMIT; -- should not fail
+
+SELECT * FROM deferred_excl;
+
+ALTER TABLE deferred_excl DROP CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con;
+
+-- This should fail, but worth testing because of HOT updates
+UPDATE deferred_excl SET f1 = 3;
+
+ALTER TABLE deferred_excl ADD EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =);
+
+DROP TABLE deferred_excl;
+
+-- Comments
+-- Setup a low-level role to enforce non-superuser checks.
+CREATE ROLE regress_constraint_comments;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_constraint_comments;
+
+CREATE TABLE constraint_comments_tbl (a int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (a > 0));
+CREATE DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom AS int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (value > 0);
+
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
+
+-- no such constraint
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
+
+-- no such table/domain
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON no_comments_tbl IS 'bad comment';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN no_comments_dom IS 'another bad comment';
+
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS NULL;
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS NULL;
+
+-- unauthorized user
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'no, the comment';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'no, another comment';
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DROP TABLE constraint_comments_tbl;
+DROP DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom;
+
+DROP ROLE regress_constraint_comments;
+DROP ROLE regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/conversion.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/conversion.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a65fca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/conversion.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+--
+-- create user defined conversion
+--
+
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test_enc_conversion(bytea, name, name, bool, validlen OUT int, result OUT bytea)
+    AS :'regresslib', 'test_enc_conversion'
+    LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+
+CREATE USER regress_conversion_user WITH NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_conversion_user;
+CREATE CONVERSION myconv FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+--
+-- cannot make same name conversion in same schema
+--
+CREATE CONVERSION myconv FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+--
+-- create default conversion with qualified name
+--
+CREATE DEFAULT CONVERSION public.mydef FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+--
+-- cannot make default conversion with same schema/for_encoding/to_encoding
+--
+CREATE DEFAULT CONVERSION public.mydef2 FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+-- test comments
+COMMENT ON CONVERSION myconv_bad IS 'foo';
+COMMENT ON CONVERSION myconv IS 'bar';
+COMMENT ON CONVERSION myconv IS NULL;
+--
+-- drop user defined conversion
+--
+DROP CONVERSION myconv;
+DROP CONVERSION mydef;
+--
+-- Note: the built-in conversions are exercised in opr_sanity.sql,
+-- so there's no need to do that here.
+--
+--
+-- return to the superuser
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP USER regress_conversion_user;
+
+--
+-- Test built-in conversion functions.
+--
+
+-- Helper function to test a conversion. Uses the test_enc_conversion function
+-- that was created in the create_function_0 test.
+create or replace function test_conv(
+  input IN bytea,
+  src_encoding IN text,
+  dst_encoding IN text,
+
+  result OUT bytea,
+  errorat OUT bytea,
+  error OUT text)
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+  validlen int;
+begin
+  -- First try to perform the conversion with noError = false. If that errors out,
+  -- capture the error message, and try again with noError = true. The second call
+  -- should succeed and return the position of the error, return that too.
+  begin
+    select * into validlen, result from test_enc_conversion(input, src_encoding, dst_encoding, false);
+    errorat = NULL;
+    error := NULL;
+  exception when others then
+    error := sqlerrm;
+    select * into validlen, result from test_enc_conversion(input, src_encoding, dst_encoding, true);
+    errorat = substr(input, validlen + 1);
+  end;
+  return;
+end;
+$$;
+
+
+--
+-- UTF-8
+--
+-- The description column must be unique.
+CREATE TABLE utf8_verification_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text PRIMARY KEY);
+insert into utf8_verification_inputs  values
+  ('\x66006f',	'NUL byte'),
+  ('\xaf',		'bare continuation'),
+  ('\xc5',		'missing second byte in 2-byte char'),
+  ('\xc080',	'smallest 2-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xc1bf',	'largest 2-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xc280',	'next 2-byte after overlongs'),
+  ('\xdfbf',	'largest 2-byte'),
+  ('\xe9af',	'missing third byte in 3-byte char'),
+  ('\xe08080',	'smallest 3-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xe09fbf',	'largest 3-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xe0a080',	'next 3-byte after overlong'),
+  ('\xed9fbf',	'last before surrogates'),
+  ('\xeda080',	'smallest surrogate'),
+  ('\xedbfbf',	'largest surrogate'),
+  ('\xee8080',	'next after surrogates'),
+  ('\xefbfbf',	'largest 3-byte'),
+  ('\xf1afbf',	'missing fourth byte in 4-byte char'),
+  ('\xf0808080',	'smallest 4-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xf08fbfbf',	'largest 4-byte overlong'),
+  ('\xf0908080',	'next 4-byte after overlong'),
+  ('\xf48fbfbf',	'largest 4-byte'),
+  ('\xf4908080',	'smallest too large'),
+  ('\xfa9a9a8a8a',	'5-byte');
+
+-- Test UTF-8 verification slow path
+select description, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'utf8')).* from utf8_verification_inputs;
+
+-- Test UTF-8 verification with ASCII padding appended to provide
+-- coverage for algorithms that work on multiple bytes at a time.
+-- The error message for a sequence starting with a 4-byte lead
+-- will contain all 4 bytes if they are present, so various
+-- expressions below add 3 ASCII bytes to the end to ensure
+-- consistent error messages.
+-- The number 64 below needs to be at least the value of STRIDE_LENGTH in wchar.c.
+
+-- Test multibyte verification in fast path
+with test_bytes as (
+  select
+    inbytes,
+    description,
+    (test_conv(inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from utf8_verification_inputs
+), test_padded as (
+  select
+    description,
+    (test_conv(inbytes || repeat('.', 64)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from test_bytes
+)
+select
+  description,
+  b.error as orig_error,
+  p.error as error_after_padding
+from test_padded p
+join test_bytes b
+using (description)
+where p.error is distinct from b.error
+order by description;
+
+-- Test ASCII verification in fast path where incomplete
+-- UTF-8 sequences fall at the end of the preceding chunk.
+with test_bytes as (
+  select
+    inbytes,
+    description,
+    (test_conv(inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from utf8_verification_inputs
+), test_padded as (
+  select
+    description,
+    (test_conv(repeat('.', 64 - length(inbytes))::bytea || inbytes || repeat('.', 64)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from test_bytes
+)
+select
+  description,
+  b.error as orig_error,
+  p.error as error_after_padding
+from test_padded p
+join test_bytes b
+using (description)
+where p.error is distinct from b.error
+order by description;
+
+-- Test cases where UTF-8 sequences within short text
+-- come after the fast path returns.
+with test_bytes as (
+  select
+    inbytes,
+    description,
+    (test_conv(inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from utf8_verification_inputs
+), test_padded as (
+  select
+    description,
+    (test_conv(repeat('.', 64)::bytea || inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from test_bytes
+)
+select
+  description,
+  b.error as orig_error,
+  p.error as error_after_padding
+from test_padded p
+join test_bytes b
+using (description)
+where p.error is distinct from b.error
+order by description;
+
+-- Test cases where incomplete UTF-8 sequences fall at the
+-- end of the part checked by the fast path.
+with test_bytes as (
+  select
+    inbytes,
+    description,
+    (test_conv(inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from utf8_verification_inputs
+), test_padded as (
+  select
+    description,
+    (test_conv(repeat('.', 64 - length(inbytes))::bytea || inbytes || repeat('.', 3)::bytea, 'utf8', 'utf8')).error
+  from test_bytes
+)
+select
+  description,
+  b.error as orig_error,
+  p.error as error_after_padding
+from test_padded p
+join test_bytes b
+using (description)
+where p.error is distinct from b.error
+order by description;
+
+CREATE TABLE utf8_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into utf8_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\xc3a4c3b6',	'valid, extra latin chars'),
+  ('\xd184d0bed0be',	'valid, cyrillic'),
+  ('\x666f6fe8b1a1',	'valid, kanji/Chinese'),
+  ('\xe382abe3829a',	'valid, two chars that combine to one in EUC_JIS_2004'),
+  ('\xe382ab',		'only first half of combined char in EUC_JIS_2004'),
+  ('\xe382abe382',	'incomplete combination when converted EUC_JIS_2004'),
+  ('\xecbd94eb81bceba6ac', 'valid, Hangul, Korean'),
+  ('\x666f6fefa8aa',	'valid, needs mapping function to convert to GB18030'),
+  ('\x66e8b1ff6f6f',	'invalid byte sequence'),
+  ('\x66006f',		'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6fe8b100',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6fe8b1',	'incomplete character at end');
+
+-- Test UTF-8 verification
+select description, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'utf8')).* from utf8_inputs;
+-- Test conversions from UTF-8
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'euc_jis_2004')).* from utf8_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'latin1')).* from utf8_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'latin2')).* from utf8_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'latin5')).* from utf8_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'koi8r')).* from utf8_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'utf8', 'gb18030')).* from utf8_inputs;
+
+--
+-- EUC_JIS_2004
+--
+CREATE TABLE euc_jis_2004_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into euc_jis_2004_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\x666f6fbedd',	'valid'),
+  ('\xa5f7',		'valid, translates to two UTF-8 chars '),
+  ('\xbeddbe',		'incomplete char '),
+  ('\x666f6f00bedd',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6fbe00dd',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6fbedd00',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\xbe04',		'invalid byte sequence');
+
+-- Test EUC_JIS_2004 verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'euc_jis_2004', 'euc_jis_2004')).* from euc_jis_2004_inputs;
+-- Test conversions from EUC_JIS_2004
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'euc_jis_2004', 'utf8')).* from euc_jis_2004_inputs;
+
+--
+-- SHIFT-JIS-2004
+--
+CREATE TABLE shiftjis2004_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into shiftjis2004_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\x666f6f8fdb',	'valid'),
+  ('\x666f6f81c0',	'valid, no translation to UTF-8'),
+  ('\x666f6f82f5',	'valid, translates to two UTF-8 chars '),
+  ('\x666f6f8fdb8f',	'incomplete char '),
+  ('\x666f6f820a',	'incomplete char, followed by newline '),
+  ('\x666f6f008fdb',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6f8f00db',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6f8fdb00',	'invalid, NUL byte');
+
+-- Test SHIFT-JIS-2004 verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'shiftjis2004', 'shiftjis2004')).* from shiftjis2004_inputs;
+-- Test conversions from SHIFT-JIS-2004
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'shiftjis2004', 'utf8')).* from shiftjis2004_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'shiftjis2004', 'euc_jis_2004')).* from shiftjis2004_inputs;
+
+--
+-- GB18030
+--
+CREATE TABLE gb18030_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into gb18030_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\x666f6fcff3',	'valid'),
+  ('\x666f6f8431a530',	'valid, no translation to UTF-8'),
+  ('\x666f6f84309c38',	'valid, translates to UTF-8 by mapping function'),
+  ('\x666f6f84309c',	'incomplete char '),
+  ('\x666f6f84309c0a',	'incomplete char, followed by newline '),
+  ('\x666f6f84309c3800', 'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6f84309c0038', 'invalid, NUL byte');
+
+-- Test GB18030 verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'gb18030', 'gb18030')).* from gb18030_inputs;
+-- Test conversions from GB18030
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'gb18030', 'utf8')).* from gb18030_inputs;
+
+
+--
+-- ISO-8859-5
+--
+CREATE TABLE iso8859_5_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into iso8859_5_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\xe4dede',		'valid'),
+  ('\x00',		'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\xe400dede',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\xe4dede00',	'invalid, NUL byte');
+
+-- Test ISO-8859-5 verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'iso8859-5', 'iso8859-5')).* from iso8859_5_inputs;
+-- Test conversions from ISO-8859-5
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'iso8859-5', 'utf8')).* from iso8859_5_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'iso8859-5', 'koi8r')).* from iso8859_5_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'iso8859_5', 'mule_internal')).* from iso8859_5_inputs;
+
+--
+-- Big5
+--
+CREATE TABLE big5_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into big5_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\x666f6fb648',	'valid'),
+  ('\x666f6fa27f',	'valid, no translation to UTF-8'),
+  ('\x666f6fb60048',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x666f6fb64800',	'invalid, NUL byte');
+
+-- Test Big5 verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'big5', 'big5')).* from big5_inputs;
+-- Test conversions from Big5
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'big5', 'utf8')).* from big5_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'big5', 'mule_internal')).* from big5_inputs;
+
+--
+-- MULE_INTERNAL
+--
+CREATE TABLE mic_inputs (inbytes bytea, description text);
+insert into mic_inputs  values
+  ('\x666f6f',		'valid, pure ASCII'),
+  ('\x8bc68bcf8bcf',	'valid (in KOI8R)'),
+  ('\x8bc68bcf8b',	'invalid,incomplete char'),
+  ('\x92bedd',		'valid (in SHIFT_JIS)'),
+  ('\x92be',		'invalid, incomplete char)'),
+  ('\x666f6f95a3c1',	'valid (in Big5)'),
+  ('\x666f6f95a3',	'invalid, incomplete char'),
+  ('\x9200bedd',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x92bedd00',	'invalid, NUL byte'),
+  ('\x8b00c68bcf8bcf',	'invalid, NUL byte');
+
+-- Test MULE_INTERNAL verification
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'mule_internal')).* from mic_inputs;
+-- Test conversions from MULE_INTERNAL
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'koi8r')).* from mic_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'iso8859-5')).* from mic_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'sjis')).* from mic_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'big5')).* from mic_inputs;
+select description, inbytes, (test_conv(inbytes, 'mule_internal', 'euc_jp')).* from mic_inputs;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/copy.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/copy.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9da7b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/copy.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+--
+-- COPY
+--
+
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+\getenv abs_builddir PG_ABS_BUILDDIR
+
+--- test copying in CSV mode with various styles
+--- of embedded line ending characters
+
+create temp table copytest (
+	style	text,
+	test 	text,
+	filler	int);
+
+insert into copytest values('DOS',E'abc\r\ndef',1);
+insert into copytest values('Unix',E'abc\ndef',2);
+insert into copytest values('Mac',E'abc\rdef',3);
+insert into copytest values(E'esc\\ape',E'a\\r\\\r\\\n\\nb',4);
+
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/copytest.csv'
+copy copytest to :'filename' csv;
+
+create temp table copytest2 (like copytest);
+
+copy copytest2 from :'filename' csv;
+
+select * from copytest except select * from copytest2;
+
+truncate copytest2;
+
+--- same test but with an escape char different from quote char
+
+copy copytest to :'filename' csv quote '''' escape E'\\';
+
+copy copytest2 from :'filename' csv quote '''' escape E'\\';
+
+select * from copytest except select * from copytest2;
+
+
+-- test header line feature
+
+create temp table copytest3 (
+	c1 int,
+	"col with , comma" text,
+	"col with "" quote"  int);
+
+copy copytest3 from stdin csv header;
+this is just a line full of junk that would error out if parsed
+1,a,1
+2,b,2
+\.
+
+copy copytest3 to stdout csv header;
+
+create temp table copytest4 (
+	c1 int,
+	"colname with tab: 	" text);
+
+copy copytest4 from stdin (header);
+this is just a line full of junk that would error out if parsed
+1	a
+2	b
+\.
+
+copy copytest4 to stdout (header);
+
+-- test copy from with a partitioned table
+create table parted_copytest (
+	a int,
+	b int,
+	c text
+) partition by list (b);
+
+create table parted_copytest_a1 (c text, b int, a int);
+create table parted_copytest_a2 (a int, c text, b int);
+
+alter table parted_copytest attach partition parted_copytest_a1 for values in(1);
+alter table parted_copytest attach partition parted_copytest_a2 for values in(2);
+
+-- We must insert enough rows to trigger multi-inserts.  These are only
+-- enabled adaptively when there are few enough partition changes.
+insert into parted_copytest select x,1,'One' from generate_series(1,1000) x;
+insert into parted_copytest select x,2,'Two' from generate_series(1001,1010) x;
+insert into parted_copytest select x,1,'One' from generate_series(1011,1020) x;
+
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/parted_copytest.csv'
+copy (select * from parted_copytest order by a) to :'filename';
+
+truncate parted_copytest;
+
+copy parted_copytest from :'filename';
+
+-- Ensure COPY FREEZE errors for partitioned tables.
+begin;
+truncate parted_copytest;
+copy parted_copytest from :'filename' (freeze);
+rollback;
+
+select tableoid::regclass,count(*),sum(a) from parted_copytest
+group by tableoid order by tableoid::regclass::name;
+
+truncate parted_copytest;
+
+-- create before insert row trigger on parted_copytest_a2
+create function part_ins_func() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+
+create trigger part_ins_trig
+	before insert on parted_copytest_a2
+	for each row
+	execute procedure part_ins_func();
+
+copy parted_copytest from :'filename';
+
+select tableoid::regclass,count(*),sum(a) from parted_copytest
+group by tableoid order by tableoid::regclass::name;
+
+truncate table parted_copytest;
+create index on parted_copytest (b);
+drop trigger part_ins_trig on parted_copytest_a2;
+
+copy parted_copytest from stdin;
+1	1	str1
+2	2	str2
+\.
+
+-- Ensure index entries were properly added during the copy.
+select * from parted_copytest where b = 1;
+select * from parted_copytest where b = 2;
+
+drop table parted_copytest;
+
+--
+-- Progress reporting for COPY
+--
+create table tab_progress_reporting (
+	name text,
+	age int4,
+	location point,
+	salary int4,
+	manager name
+);
+
+-- Add a trigger to catch and print the contents of the catalog view
+-- pg_stat_progress_copy during data insertion.  This allows to test
+-- the validation of some progress reports for COPY FROM where the trigger
+-- would fire.
+create function notice_after_tab_progress_reporting() returns trigger AS
+$$
+declare report record;
+begin
+  -- The fields ignored here are the ones that may not remain
+  -- consistent across multiple runs.  The sizes reported may differ
+  -- across platforms, so just check if these are strictly positive.
+  with progress_data as (
+    select
+       relid::regclass::text as relname,
+       command,
+       type,
+       bytes_processed > 0 as has_bytes_processed,
+       bytes_total > 0 as has_bytes_total,
+       tuples_processed,
+       tuples_excluded
+      from pg_stat_progress_copy
+      where pid = pg_backend_pid())
+  select into report (to_jsonb(r)) as value
+    from progress_data r;
+
+  raise info 'progress: %', report.value::text;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger check_after_tab_progress_reporting
+	after insert on tab_progress_reporting
+	for each statement
+	execute function notice_after_tab_progress_reporting();
+
+-- Generate COPY FROM report with PIPE.
+copy tab_progress_reporting from stdin;
+sharon	25	(15,12)	1000	sam
+sam	30	(10,5)	2000	bill
+bill	20	(11,10)	1000	sharon
+\.
+
+-- Generate COPY FROM report with FILE, with some excluded tuples.
+truncate tab_progress_reporting;
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/emp.data'
+copy tab_progress_reporting from :'filename'
+	where (salary < 2000);
+
+drop trigger check_after_tab_progress_reporting on tab_progress_reporting;
+drop function notice_after_tab_progress_reporting();
+drop table tab_progress_reporting;
+
+-- Test header matching feature
+create table header_copytest (
+	a int,
+	b int,
+	c text
+);
+-- Make sure it works with dropped columns
+alter table header_copytest drop column c;
+alter table header_copytest add column c text;
+copy header_copytest to stdout with (header match);
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header wrong_choice);
+-- works
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+a	b	c
+1	2	foo
+\.
+copy header_copytest (c, a, b) from stdin with (header match);
+c	a	b
+bar	3	4
+\.
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match, format csv);
+a,b,c
+5,6,baz
+\.
+-- errors
+copy header_copytest (c, b, a) from stdin with (header match);
+a	b	c
+1	2	foo
+\.
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+a	b	\N
+1	2	foo
+\.
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+a	b
+1	2
+\.
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+a	b	c	d
+1	2	foo	bar
+\.
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+a	b	d
+1	2	foo
+\.
+SELECT * FROM header_copytest ORDER BY a;
+
+-- Drop an extra column, in the middle of the existing set.
+alter table header_copytest drop column b;
+-- works
+copy header_copytest (c, a) from stdin with (header match);
+c	a
+foo	7
+\.
+copy header_copytest (a, c) from stdin with (header match);
+a	c
+8	foo
+\.
+-- errors
+copy header_copytest from stdin with (header match);
+a	........pg.dropped.2........	c
+1	2	foo
+\.
+copy header_copytest (a, c) from stdin with (header match);
+a	c	b
+1	foo	2
+\.
+
+SELECT * FROM header_copytest ORDER BY a;
+drop table header_copytest;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/copy2.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/copy2.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3c16af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/copy2.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+CREATE TEMP TABLE x (
+	a serial,
+	b int,
+	c text not null default 'stuff',
+	d text,
+	e text
+) ;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_x_before () RETURNS TRIGGER AS '
+  BEGIN
+		NEW.e := ''before trigger fired''::text;
+		return NEW;
+	END;
+' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_x_after () RETURNS TRIGGER AS '
+  BEGIN
+		UPDATE x set e=''after trigger fired'' where c=''stuff'';
+		return NULL;
+	END;
+' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER trg_x_after AFTER INSERT ON x
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fn_x_after();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER trg_x_before BEFORE INSERT ON x
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fn_x_before();
+
+COPY x (a, b, c, d, e) from stdin;
+9999	\N	\\N	\NN	\N
+10000	21	31	41	51
+\.
+
+COPY x (b, d) from stdin;
+1	test_1
+\.
+
+COPY x (b, d) from stdin;
+2	test_2
+3	test_3
+4	test_4
+5	test_5
+\.
+
+COPY x (a, b, c, d, e) from stdin;
+10001	22	32	42	52
+10002	23	33	43	53
+10003	24	34	44	54
+10004	25	35	45	55
+10005	26	36	46	56
+\.
+
+-- non-existent column in column list: should fail
+COPY x (xyz) from stdin;
+
+-- redundant options
+COPY x from stdin (format CSV, FORMAT CSV);
+COPY x from stdin (freeze off, freeze on);
+COPY x from stdin (delimiter ',', delimiter ',');
+COPY x from stdin (null ' ', null ' ');
+COPY x from stdin (header off, header on);
+COPY x from stdin (quote ':', quote ':');
+COPY x from stdin (escape ':', escape ':');
+COPY x from stdin (force_quote (a), force_quote *);
+COPY x from stdin (force_not_null (a), force_not_null (b));
+COPY x from stdin (force_null (a), force_null (b));
+COPY x from stdin (convert_selectively (a), convert_selectively (b));
+COPY x from stdin (encoding 'sql_ascii', encoding 'sql_ascii');
+
+-- too many columns in column list: should fail
+COPY x (a, b, c, d, e, d, c) from stdin;
+
+-- missing data: should fail
+COPY x from stdin;
+
+\.
+COPY x from stdin;
+2000	230	23	23
+\.
+COPY x from stdin;
+2001	231	\N	\N
+\.
+
+-- extra data: should fail
+COPY x from stdin;
+2002	232	40	50	60	70	80
+\.
+
+-- various COPY options: delimiters, oids, NULL string, encoding
+COPY x (b, c, d, e) from stdin delimiter ',' null 'x';
+x,45,80,90
+x,\x,\\x,\\\x
+x,\,,\\\,,\\
+\.
+
+COPY x from stdin WITH DELIMITER AS ';' NULL AS '';
+3000;;c;;
+\.
+
+COPY x from stdin WITH DELIMITER AS ':' NULL AS E'\\X' ENCODING 'sql_ascii';
+4000:\X:C:\X:\X
+4001:1:empty::
+4002:2:null:\X:\X
+4003:3:Backslash:\\:\\
+4004:4:BackslashX:\\X:\\X
+4005:5:N:\N:\N
+4006:6:BackslashN:\\N:\\N
+4007:7:XX:\XX:\XX
+4008:8:Delimiter:\::\:
+\.
+
+COPY x TO stdout WHERE a = 1;
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a = 50004;
+50003	24	34	44	54
+50004	25	35	45	55
+50005	26	36	46	56
+\.
+
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a > 60003;
+60001	22	32	42	52
+60002	23	33	43	53
+60003	24	34	44	54
+60004	25	35	45	55
+60005	26	36	46	56
+\.
+
+COPY x from stdin WHERE f > 60003;
+
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a = max(x.b);
+
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a IN (SELECT 1 FROM x);
+
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a IN (generate_series(1,5));
+
+COPY x from stdin WHERE a = row_number() over(b);
+
+
+-- check results of copy in
+SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- check copy out
+COPY x TO stdout;
+COPY x (c, e) TO stdout;
+COPY x (b, e) TO stdout WITH NULL 'I''m null';
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE y (
+	col1 text,
+	col2 text
+);
+
+INSERT INTO y VALUES ('Jackson, Sam', E'\\h');
+INSERT INTO y VALUES ('It is "perfect".',E'\t');
+INSERT INTO y VALUES ('', NULL);
+
+COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV;
+COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV QUOTE '''' DELIMITER '|';
+COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV FORCE QUOTE col2 ESCAPE E'\\' ENCODING 'sql_ascii';
+COPY y TO stdout WITH CSV FORCE QUOTE *;
+
+-- Repeat above tests with new 9.0 option syntax
+
+COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV);
+COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, QUOTE '''', DELIMITER '|');
+COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE (col2), ESCAPE E'\\');
+COPY y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE *);
+
+\copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV)
+\copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, QUOTE '''', DELIMITER '|')
+\copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE (col2), ESCAPE E'\\')
+\copy y TO stdout (FORMAT CSV, FORCE_QUOTE *)
+
+--test that we read consecutive LFs properly
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE testnl (a int, b text, c int);
+
+COPY testnl FROM stdin CSV;
+1,"a field with two LFs
+
+inside",2
+\.
+
+-- test end of copy marker
+CREATE TEMP TABLE testeoc (a text);
+
+COPY testeoc FROM stdin CSV;
+a\.
+\.b
+c\.d
+"\."
+\.
+
+COPY testeoc TO stdout CSV;
+
+-- test handling of nonstandard null marker that violates escaping rules
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE testnull(a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO testnull VALUES (1, E'\\0'), (NULL, NULL);
+
+COPY testnull TO stdout WITH NULL AS E'\\0';
+
+COPY testnull FROM stdin WITH NULL AS E'\\0';
+42	\\0
+\0	\0
+\.
+
+SELECT * FROM testnull;
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE vistest (LIKE testeoc);
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV;
+a0
+b
+\.
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV;
+a1
+b
+\.
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV;
+d1
+e
+\.
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+a2
+b
+\.
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+d2
+e
+\.
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+x
+y
+\.
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+COMMIT;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+p
+g
+\.
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+m
+k
+\.
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO vistest VALUES ('z');
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+TRUNCATE vistest;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT s1;
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+d3
+e
+\.
+COMMIT;
+CREATE FUNCTION truncate_in_subxact() RETURNS VOID AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+	TRUNCATE vistest;
+EXCEPTION
+  WHEN OTHERS THEN
+	INSERT INTO vistest VALUES ('subxact failure');
+END;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO vistest VALUES ('z');
+SELECT truncate_in_subxact();
+COPY vistest FROM stdin CSV FREEZE;
+d4
+e
+\.
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM vistest;
+-- Test FORCE_NOT_NULL and FORCE_NULL options
+CREATE TEMP TABLE forcetest (
+    a INT NOT NULL,
+    b TEXT NOT NULL,
+    c TEXT,
+    d TEXT,
+    e TEXT
+);
+\pset null NULL
+-- should succeed with no effect ("b" remains an empty string, "c" remains NULL)
+BEGIN;
+COPY forcetest (a, b, c) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NOT_NULL(b), FORCE_NULL(c));
+1,,""
+\.
+COMMIT;
+SELECT b, c FROM forcetest WHERE a = 1;
+-- should succeed, FORCE_NULL and FORCE_NOT_NULL can be both specified
+BEGIN;
+COPY forcetest (a, b, c, d) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NOT_NULL(c,d), FORCE_NULL(c,d));
+2,'a',,""
+\.
+COMMIT;
+SELECT c, d FROM forcetest WHERE a = 2;
+-- should fail with not-null constraint violation
+BEGIN;
+COPY forcetest (a, b, c) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NULL(b), FORCE_NOT_NULL(c));
+3,,""
+\.
+ROLLBACK;
+-- should fail with "not referenced by COPY" error
+BEGIN;
+COPY forcetest (d, e) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NOT_NULL(b));
+ROLLBACK;
+-- should fail with "not referenced by COPY" error
+BEGIN;
+COPY forcetest (d, e) FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT csv, FORCE_NULL(b));
+ROLLBACK;
+\pset null ''
+
+-- test case with whole-row Var in a check constraint
+create table check_con_tbl (f1 int);
+create function check_con_function(check_con_tbl) returns bool as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'input = %', row_to_json($1);
+  return $1.f1 > 0;
+end $$ language plpgsql immutable;
+alter table check_con_tbl add check (check_con_function(check_con_tbl.*));
+\d+ check_con_tbl
+copy check_con_tbl from stdin;
+1
+\N
+\.
+copy check_con_tbl from stdin;
+0
+\.
+select * from check_con_tbl;
+
+-- test with RLS enabled.
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_copy_user;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_copy_user_colperms;
+CREATE TABLE rls_t1 (a int, b int, c int);
+
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) from stdin;
+1	4	1
+2	3	2
+3	2	3
+4	1	4
+\.
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_t1 FOR SELECT USING (a % 2 = 0);
+ALTER TABLE rls_t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE rls_t1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+GRANT SELECT ON TABLE rls_t1 TO regress_rls_copy_user;
+GRANT SELECT (a, b) ON TABLE rls_t1 TO regress_rls_copy_user_colperms;
+
+-- all columns
+COPY rls_t1 TO stdout;
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) TO stdout;
+
+-- subset of columns
+COPY rls_t1 (a) TO stdout;
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b) TO stdout;
+
+-- column reordering
+COPY rls_t1 (b, a) TO stdout;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_copy_user;
+
+-- all columns
+COPY rls_t1 TO stdout;
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) TO stdout;
+
+-- subset of columns
+COPY rls_t1 (a) TO stdout;
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b) TO stdout;
+
+-- column reordering
+COPY rls_t1 (b, a) TO stdout;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_copy_user_colperms;
+
+-- attempt all columns (should fail)
+COPY rls_t1 TO stdout;
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b, c) TO stdout;
+
+-- try to copy column with no privileges (should fail)
+COPY rls_t1 (c) TO stdout;
+
+-- subset of columns (should succeed)
+COPY rls_t1 (a) TO stdout;
+COPY rls_t1 (a, b) TO stdout;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+-- test with INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger on a view
+CREATE TABLE instead_of_insert_tbl(id serial, name text);
+CREATE VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view AS SELECT ''::text AS str;
+
+COPY instead_of_insert_tbl_view FROM stdin; -- fail
+test1
+\.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION fun_instead_of_insert_tbl() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+  INSERT INTO instead_of_insert_tbl (name) VALUES (NEW.str);
+  RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_instead_of_insert_tbl_view
+  INSTEAD OF INSERT ON instead_of_insert_tbl_view
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fun_instead_of_insert_tbl();
+
+COPY instead_of_insert_tbl_view FROM stdin;
+test1
+\.
+
+SELECT * FROM instead_of_insert_tbl;
+
+-- Test of COPY optimization with view using INSTEAD OF INSERT
+-- trigger when relation is created in the same transaction as
+-- when COPY is executed.
+BEGIN;
+CREATE VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2 as select ''::text as str;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2
+  INSTEAD OF INSERT ON instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE fun_instead_of_insert_tbl();
+
+COPY instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2 FROM stdin;
+test1
+\.
+
+SELECT * FROM instead_of_insert_tbl;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- clean up
+DROP TABLE forcetest;
+DROP TABLE vistest;
+DROP FUNCTION truncate_in_subxact();
+DROP TABLE x, y;
+DROP TABLE rls_t1 CASCADE;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_copy_user;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_copy_user_colperms;
+DROP FUNCTION fn_x_before();
+DROP FUNCTION fn_x_after();
+DROP TABLE instead_of_insert_tbl;
+DROP VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view;
+DROP VIEW instead_of_insert_tbl_view_2;
+DROP FUNCTION fun_instead_of_insert_tbl();
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/copydml.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/copydml.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4578342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/copydml.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+--
+-- Test cases for COPY (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE) TO
+--
+create table copydml_test (id serial, t text);
+insert into copydml_test (t) values ('a');
+insert into copydml_test (t) values ('b');
+insert into copydml_test (t) values ('c');
+insert into copydml_test (t) values ('d');
+insert into copydml_test (t) values ('e');
+
+--
+-- Test COPY (insert/update/delete ...)
+--
+copy (insert into copydml_test (t) values ('f') returning id) to stdout;
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'g' where t = 'f' returning id) to stdout;
+copy (delete from copydml_test where t = 'g' returning id) to stdout;
+
+--
+-- Test \copy (insert/update/delete ...)
+--
+\copy (insert into copydml_test (t) values ('f') returning id) to stdout;
+\copy (update copydml_test set t = 'g' where t = 'f' returning id) to stdout;
+\copy (delete from copydml_test where t = 'g' returning id) to stdout;
+
+-- Error cases
+copy (insert into copydml_test default values) to stdout;
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'g') to stdout;
+copy (delete from copydml_test) to stdout;
+
+create rule qqq as on insert to copydml_test do instead nothing;
+copy (insert into copydml_test default values) to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on insert to copydml_test do also delete from copydml_test;
+copy (insert into copydml_test default values) to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on insert to copydml_test do instead (delete from copydml_test; delete from copydml_test);
+copy (insert into copydml_test default values) to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on insert to copydml_test where new.t <> 'f' do instead delete from copydml_test;
+copy (insert into copydml_test default values) to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+
+create rule qqq as on update to copydml_test do instead nothing;
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'f') to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on update to copydml_test do also delete from copydml_test;
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'f') to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on update to copydml_test do instead (delete from copydml_test; delete from copydml_test);
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'f') to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on update to copydml_test where new.t <> 'f' do instead delete from copydml_test;
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'f') to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+
+create rule qqq as on delete to copydml_test do instead nothing;
+copy (delete from copydml_test) to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on delete to copydml_test do also insert into copydml_test default values;
+copy (delete from copydml_test) to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on delete to copydml_test do instead (insert into copydml_test default values; insert into copydml_test default values);
+copy (delete from copydml_test) to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+create rule qqq as on delete to copydml_test where old.t <> 'f' do instead insert into copydml_test default values;
+copy (delete from copydml_test) to stdout;
+drop rule qqq on copydml_test;
+
+-- triggers
+create function qqq_trig() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+if tg_op in ('INSERT', 'UPDATE') then
+    raise notice '% % %', tg_when, tg_op, new.id;
+    return new;
+else
+    raise notice '% % %', tg_when, tg_op, old.id;
+    return old;
+end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger qqqbef before insert or update or delete on copydml_test
+    for each row execute procedure qqq_trig();
+create trigger qqqaf after insert or update or delete on copydml_test
+    for each row execute procedure qqq_trig();
+
+copy (insert into copydml_test (t) values ('f') returning id) to stdout;
+copy (update copydml_test set t = 'g' where t = 'f' returning id) to stdout;
+copy (delete from copydml_test where t = 'g' returning id) to stdout;
+
+drop table copydml_test;
+drop function qqq_trig();
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/copyselect.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/copyselect.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e32a4f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/copyselect.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+--
+-- Test cases for COPY (select) TO
+--
+create table test1 (id serial, t text);
+insert into test1 (t) values ('a');
+insert into test1 (t) values ('b');
+insert into test1 (t) values ('c');
+insert into test1 (t) values ('d');
+insert into test1 (t) values ('e');
+
+create table test2 (id serial, t text);
+insert into test2 (t) values ('A');
+insert into test2 (t) values ('B');
+insert into test2 (t) values ('C');
+insert into test2 (t) values ('D');
+insert into test2 (t) values ('E');
+
+create view v_test1
+as select 'v_'||t from test1;
+
+--
+-- Test COPY table TO
+--
+copy test1 to stdout;
+--
+-- This should fail
+--
+copy v_test1 to stdout;
+--
+-- Test COPY (select) TO
+--
+copy (select t from test1 where id=1) to stdout;
+--
+-- Test COPY (select for update) TO
+--
+copy (select t from test1 where id=3 for update) to stdout;
+--
+-- This should fail
+--
+copy (select t into temp test3 from test1 where id=3) to stdout;
+--
+-- This should fail
+--
+copy (select * from test1) from stdin;
+--
+-- This should fail
+--
+copy (select * from test1) (t,id) to stdout;
+--
+-- Test JOIN
+--
+copy (select * from test1 join test2 using (id)) to stdout;
+--
+-- Test UNION SELECT
+--
+copy (select t from test1 where id = 1 UNION select * from v_test1 ORDER BY 1) to stdout;
+--
+-- Test subselect
+--
+copy (select * from (select t from test1 where id = 1 UNION select * from v_test1 ORDER BY 1) t1) to stdout;
+--
+-- Test headers, CSV and quotes
+--
+copy (select t from test1 where id = 1) to stdout csv header force quote t;
+--
+-- Test psql builtins, plain table
+--
+\copy test1 to stdout
+--
+-- This should fail
+--
+\copy v_test1 to stdout
+--
+-- Test \copy (select ...)
+--
+\copy (select "id",'id','id""'||t,(id + 1)*id,t,"test1"."t" from test1 where id=3) to stdout
+--
+-- Drop everything
+--
+drop table test2;
+drop view v_test1;
+drop table test1;
+
+-- psql handling of COPY in multi-command strings
+copy (select 1) to stdout\; select 1/0;	-- row, then error
+select 1/0\; copy (select 1) to stdout; -- error only
+copy (select 1) to stdout\; copy (select 2) to stdout\; select 3\; select 4; -- 1 2 3 4
+
+create table test3 (c int);
+select 0\; copy test3 from stdin\; copy test3 from stdin\; select 1; -- 0 1
+1
+\.
+2
+\.
+select * from test3;
+drop table test3;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_aggregate.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_aggregate.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4b4036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_aggregate.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_AGGREGATE
+--
+
+-- all functions CREATEd
+CREATE AGGREGATE newavg (
+   sfunc = int4_avg_accum, basetype = int4, stype = _int8,
+   finalfunc = int8_avg,
+   initcond1 = '{0,0}'
+);
+
+-- test comments
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE newavg_wrong (int4) IS 'an agg comment';
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE newavg (int4) IS 'an agg comment';
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE newavg (int4) IS NULL;
+
+-- without finalfunc; test obsolete spellings 'sfunc1' etc
+CREATE AGGREGATE newsum (
+   sfunc1 = int4pl, basetype = int4, stype1 = int4,
+   initcond1 = '0'
+);
+
+-- zero-argument aggregate
+CREATE AGGREGATE newcnt (*) (
+   sfunc = int8inc, stype = int8,
+   initcond = '0', parallel = safe
+);
+
+-- old-style spelling of same (except without parallel-safe; that's too new)
+CREATE AGGREGATE oldcnt (
+   sfunc = int8inc, basetype = 'ANY', stype = int8,
+   initcond = '0'
+);
+
+-- aggregate that only cares about null/nonnull input
+CREATE AGGREGATE newcnt ("any") (
+   sfunc = int8inc_any, stype = int8,
+   initcond = '0'
+);
+
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE nosuchagg (*) IS 'should fail';
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE newcnt (*) IS 'an agg(*) comment';
+COMMENT ON AGGREGATE newcnt ("any") IS 'an agg(any) comment';
+
+-- multi-argument aggregate
+create function sum3(int8,int8,int8) returns int8 as
+'select $1 + $2 + $3' language sql strict immutable;
+
+create aggregate sum2(int8,int8) (
+   sfunc = sum3, stype = int8,
+   initcond = '0'
+);
+
+-- multi-argument aggregates sensitive to distinct/order, strict/nonstrict
+create type aggtype as (a integer, b integer, c text);
+
+create function aggf_trans(aggtype[],integer,integer,text) returns aggtype[]
+as 'select array_append($1,ROW($2,$3,$4)::aggtype)'
+language sql strict immutable;
+
+create function aggfns_trans(aggtype[],integer,integer,text) returns aggtype[]
+as 'select array_append($1,ROW($2,$3,$4)::aggtype)'
+language sql immutable;
+
+create aggregate aggfstr(integer,integer,text) (
+   sfunc = aggf_trans, stype = aggtype[],
+   initcond = '{}'
+);
+
+create aggregate aggfns(integer,integer,text) (
+   sfunc = aggfns_trans, stype = aggtype[], sspace = 10000,
+   initcond = '{}'
+);
+
+-- check error cases that would require run-time type coercion
+create function least_accum(int8, int8) returns int8 language sql as
+  'select least($1, $2)';
+
+create aggregate least_agg(int4) (
+  stype = int8, sfunc = least_accum
+);  -- fails
+
+drop function least_accum(int8, int8);
+
+create function least_accum(anycompatible, anycompatible)
+returns anycompatible language sql as
+  'select least($1, $2)';
+
+create aggregate least_agg(int4) (
+  stype = int8, sfunc = least_accum
+);  -- fails
+
+create aggregate least_agg(int8) (
+  stype = int8, sfunc = least_accum
+);
+
+drop function least_accum(anycompatible, anycompatible) cascade;
+
+-- variadic aggregates
+create function least_accum(anyelement, variadic anyarray)
+returns anyelement language sql as
+  'select least($1, min($2[i])) from generate_subscripts($2,1) g(i)';
+
+create aggregate least_agg(variadic items anyarray) (
+  stype = anyelement, sfunc = least_accum
+);
+
+create function cleast_accum(anycompatible, variadic anycompatiblearray)
+returns anycompatible language sql as
+  'select least($1, min($2[i])) from generate_subscripts($2,1) g(i)';
+
+create aggregate cleast_agg(variadic items anycompatiblearray) (
+  stype = anycompatible, sfunc = cleast_accum
+);
+
+-- test ordered-set aggs using built-in support functions
+create aggregate my_percentile_disc(float8 ORDER BY anyelement) (
+  stype = internal,
+  sfunc = ordered_set_transition,
+  finalfunc = percentile_disc_final,
+  finalfunc_extra = true,
+  finalfunc_modify = read_write
+);
+
+create aggregate my_rank(VARIADIC "any" ORDER BY VARIADIC "any") (
+  stype = internal,
+  sfunc = ordered_set_transition_multi,
+  finalfunc = rank_final,
+  finalfunc_extra = true,
+  hypothetical
+);
+
+alter aggregate my_percentile_disc(float8 ORDER BY anyelement)
+  rename to test_percentile_disc;
+alter aggregate my_rank(VARIADIC "any" ORDER BY VARIADIC "any")
+  rename to test_rank;
+
+\da test_*
+
+-- moving-aggregate options
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE sumdouble (float8)
+(
+    stype = float8,
+    sfunc = float8pl,
+    mstype = float8,
+    msfunc = float8pl,
+    minvfunc = float8mi
+);
+
+-- aggregate combine and serialization functions
+
+-- can't specify just one of serialfunc and deserialfunc
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize
+);
+
+-- serialfunc must have correct parameters
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_deserialize,
+	deserialfunc = numeric_avg_deserialize
+);
+
+-- deserialfunc must have correct parameters
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize,
+	deserialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize
+);
+
+-- ensure combine function parameters are checked
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize,
+	deserialfunc = numeric_avg_deserialize,
+	combinefunc = int4larger
+);
+
+-- ensure create aggregate works.
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	finalfunc = numeric_avg,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize,
+	deserialfunc = numeric_avg_deserialize,
+	combinefunc = numeric_avg_combine,
+	finalfunc_modify = shareable  -- just to test a non-default setting
+);
+
+-- Ensure all these functions made it into the catalog
+SELECT aggfnoid, aggtransfn, aggcombinefn, aggtranstype::regtype,
+       aggserialfn, aggdeserialfn, aggfinalmodify
+FROM pg_aggregate
+WHERE aggfnoid = 'myavg'::REGPROC;
+
+DROP AGGREGATE myavg (numeric);
+
+-- create or replace aggregate
+CREATE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	finalfunc = numeric_avg
+);
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = internal,
+	sfunc = numeric_avg_accum,
+	finalfunc = numeric_avg,
+	serialfunc = numeric_avg_serialize,
+	deserialfunc = numeric_avg_deserialize,
+	combinefunc = numeric_avg_combine,
+	finalfunc_modify = shareable  -- just to test a non-default setting
+);
+
+-- Ensure all these functions made it into the catalog again
+SELECT aggfnoid, aggtransfn, aggcombinefn, aggtranstype::regtype,
+       aggserialfn, aggdeserialfn, aggfinalmodify
+FROM pg_aggregate
+WHERE aggfnoid = 'myavg'::REGPROC;
+
+-- can change stype:
+CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = numeric,
+	sfunc = numeric_add
+);
+SELECT aggfnoid, aggtransfn, aggcombinefn, aggtranstype::regtype,
+       aggserialfn, aggdeserialfn, aggfinalmodify
+FROM pg_aggregate
+WHERE aggfnoid = 'myavg'::REGPROC;
+
+-- can't change return type:
+CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE myavg (numeric)
+(
+	stype = numeric,
+	sfunc = numeric_add,
+	finalfunc = numeric_out
+);
+
+-- can't change to a different kind:
+CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE myavg (order by numeric)
+(
+	stype = numeric,
+	sfunc = numeric_add
+);
+
+-- can't change plain function to aggregate:
+create function sum4(int8,int8,int8,int8) returns int8 as
+'select $1 + $2 + $3 + $4' language sql strict immutable;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE sum3 (int8,int8,int8)
+(
+	stype = int8,
+	sfunc = sum4
+);
+
+drop function sum4(int8,int8,int8,int8);
+
+DROP AGGREGATE myavg (numeric);
+
+-- invalid: bad parallel-safety marking
+CREATE AGGREGATE mysum (int)
+(
+	stype = int,
+	sfunc = int4pl,
+	parallel = pear
+);
+
+-- invalid: nonstrict inverse with strict forward function
+
+CREATE FUNCTION float8mi_n(float8, float8) RETURNS float8 AS
+$$ SELECT $1 - $2; $$
+LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE invalidsumdouble (float8)
+(
+    stype = float8,
+    sfunc = float8pl,
+    mstype = float8,
+    msfunc = float8pl,
+    minvfunc = float8mi_n
+);
+
+-- invalid: non-matching result types
+
+CREATE FUNCTION float8mi_int(float8, float8) RETURNS int AS
+$$ SELECT CAST($1 - $2 AS INT); $$
+LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE wrongreturntype (float8)
+(
+    stype = float8,
+    sfunc = float8pl,
+    mstype = float8,
+    msfunc = float8pl,
+    minvfunc = float8mi_int
+);
+
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE case_agg ( -- old syntax
+	"Sfunc1" = int4pl,
+	"Basetype" = int4,
+	"Stype1" = int4,
+	"Initcond1" = '0',
+	"Parallel" = safe
+);
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE case_agg(float8)
+(
+	"Stype" = internal,
+	"Sfunc" = ordered_set_transition,
+	"Finalfunc" = percentile_disc_final,
+	"Finalfunc_extra" = true,
+	"Finalfunc_modify" = read_write,
+	"Parallel" = safe
+);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_am.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_am.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2785ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_am.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+--
+-- Create access method tests
+--
+
+-- Make gist2 over gisthandler. In fact, it would be a synonym to gist.
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD gist2 TYPE INDEX HANDLER gisthandler;
+
+-- Verify return type checks for handlers
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD bogus TYPE INDEX HANDLER int4in;
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD bogus TYPE INDEX HANDLER heap_tableam_handler;
+
+
+-- Try to create gist2 index on fast_emp4000: fail because opclass doesn't exist
+CREATE INDEX grect2ind2 ON fast_emp4000 USING gist2 (home_base);
+
+-- Make operator class for boxes using gist2
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS box_ops DEFAULT
+	FOR TYPE box USING gist2 AS
+	OPERATOR 1	<<,
+	OPERATOR 2	&<,
+	OPERATOR 3	&&,
+	OPERATOR 4	&>,
+	OPERATOR 5	>>,
+	OPERATOR 6	~=,
+	OPERATOR 7	@>,
+	OPERATOR 8	<@,
+	OPERATOR 9	&<|,
+	OPERATOR 10	<<|,
+	OPERATOR 11	|>>,
+	OPERATOR 12	|&>,
+	FUNCTION 1	gist_box_consistent(internal, box, smallint, oid, internal),
+	FUNCTION 2	gist_box_union(internal, internal),
+	-- don't need compress, decompress, or fetch functions
+	FUNCTION 5	gist_box_penalty(internal, internal, internal),
+	FUNCTION 6	gist_box_picksplit(internal, internal),
+	FUNCTION 7	gist_box_same(box, box, internal);
+
+-- Create gist2 index on fast_emp4000
+CREATE INDEX grect2ind2 ON fast_emp4000 USING gist2 (home_base);
+
+-- Now check the results from plain indexscan; temporarily drop existing
+-- index grect2ind to ensure it doesn't capture the plan
+BEGIN;
+DROP INDEX grect2ind;
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000
+    WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box
+    ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0];
+SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000
+    WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box
+    ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0];
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box;
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Try to drop access method: fail because of dependent objects
+DROP ACCESS METHOD gist2;
+
+-- Drop access method cascade
+-- To prevent a (rare) deadlock against autovacuum,
+-- we must lock the table that owns the index that will be dropped
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE fast_emp4000;
+DROP ACCESS METHOD gist2 CASCADE;
+COMMIT;
+
+
+--
+-- Test table access methods
+--
+
+-- prevent empty values
+SET default_table_access_method = '';
+
+-- prevent nonexistent values
+SET default_table_access_method = 'I do not exist AM';
+
+-- prevent setting it to an index AM
+SET default_table_access_method = 'btree';
+
+
+-- Create a heap2 table am handler with heapam handler
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD heap2 TYPE TABLE HANDLER heap_tableam_handler;
+
+-- Verify return type checks for handlers
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD bogus TYPE TABLE HANDLER int4in;
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD bogus TYPE TABLE HANDLER bthandler;
+
+SELECT amname, amhandler, amtype FROM pg_am where amtype = 't' ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+
+-- First create tables employing the new AM using USING
+
+-- plain CREATE TABLE
+CREATE TABLE tableam_tbl_heap2(f1 int) USING heap2;
+INSERT INTO tableam_tbl_heap2 VALUES(1);
+SELECT f1 FROM tableam_tbl_heap2 ORDER BY f1;
+
+-- CREATE TABLE AS
+CREATE TABLE tableam_tblas_heap2 USING heap2 AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heap2;
+SELECT f1 FROM tableam_tbl_heap2 ORDER BY f1;
+
+-- SELECT INTO doesn't support USING
+SELECT INTO tableam_tblselectinto_heap2 USING heap2 FROM tableam_tbl_heap2;
+
+-- CREATE VIEW doesn't support USING
+CREATE VIEW tableam_view_heap2 USING heap2 AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heap2;
+
+-- CREATE SEQUENCE doesn't support USING
+CREATE SEQUENCE tableam_seq_heap2 USING heap2;
+
+-- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW does support USING
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW tableam_tblmv_heap2 USING heap2 AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heap2;
+SELECT f1 FROM tableam_tblmv_heap2 ORDER BY f1;
+
+-- CREATE TABLE ..  PARTITION BY doesn't not support USING
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_heap2 (a text, b int) PARTITION BY list (a) USING heap2;
+
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_heap2 (a text, b int) PARTITION BY list (a);
+-- new partitions will inherit from the current default, rather the partition root
+SET default_table_access_method = 'heap';
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_a_heap2 PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heap2 FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+SET default_table_access_method = 'heap2';
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_b_heap2 PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heap2 FOR VALUES IN ('b');
+RESET default_table_access_method;
+-- but the method can be explicitly specified
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_c_heap2 PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heap2 FOR VALUES IN ('c') USING heap;
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_d_heap2 PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heap2 FOR VALUES IN ('d') USING heap2;
+
+-- List all objects in AM
+SELECT
+    pc.relkind,
+    pa.amname,
+    CASE WHEN relkind = 't' THEN
+        (SELECT 'toast for ' || relname::regclass FROM pg_class pcm WHERE pcm.reltoastrelid = pc.oid)
+    ELSE
+        relname::regclass::text
+    END COLLATE "C" AS relname
+FROM pg_class AS pc,
+    pg_am AS pa
+WHERE pa.oid = pc.relam
+   AND pa.amname = 'heap2'
+ORDER BY 3, 1, 2;
+
+-- Show dependencies onto AM - there shouldn't be any for toast
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid,objid,objsubid) AS obj
+FROM pg_depend, pg_am
+WHERE pg_depend.refclassid = 'pg_am'::regclass
+    AND pg_am.oid = pg_depend.refobjid
+    AND pg_am.amname = 'heap2'
+ORDER BY classid, objid, objsubid;
+
+-- ALTER TABLE SET ACCESS METHOD
+CREATE TABLE heaptable USING heap AS
+  SELECT a, repeat(a::text, 100) FROM generate_series(1,9) AS a;
+SELECT amname FROM pg_class c, pg_am am
+  WHERE c.relam = am.oid AND c.oid = 'heaptable'::regclass;
+-- Switching to heap2 adds new dependency entry to the AM.
+ALTER TABLE heaptable SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+  FROM pg_depend
+  WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+        objid = 'heaptable'::regclass
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+-- Switching to heap should not have a dependency entry to the AM.
+ALTER TABLE heaptable SET ACCESS METHOD heap;
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+  FROM pg_depend
+  WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+        objid = 'heaptable'::regclass
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+ALTER TABLE heaptable SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+SELECT amname FROM pg_class c, pg_am am
+  WHERE c.relam = am.oid AND c.oid = 'heaptable'::regclass;
+SELECT COUNT(a), COUNT(1) FILTER(WHERE a=1) FROM heaptable;
+-- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW SET ACCESS METHOD
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv USING heap AS SELECT * FROM heaptable;
+SELECT amname FROM pg_class c, pg_am am
+  WHERE c.relam = am.oid AND c.oid = 'heapmv'::regclass;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+SELECT amname FROM pg_class c, pg_am am
+  WHERE c.relam = am.oid AND c.oid = 'heapmv'::regclass;
+SELECT COUNT(a), COUNT(1) FILTER(WHERE a=1) FROM heapmv;
+-- No support for multiple subcommands
+ALTER TABLE heaptable SET ACCESS METHOD heap, SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv SET ACCESS METHOD heap, SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv;
+DROP TABLE heaptable;
+-- No support for partitioned tables.
+CREATE TABLE am_partitioned(x INT, y INT)
+  PARTITION BY hash (x);
+ALTER TABLE am_partitioned SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+DROP TABLE am_partitioned;
+
+-- Second, create objects in the new AM by changing the default AM
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL default_table_access_method = 'heap2';
+
+-- following tests should all respect the default AM
+CREATE TABLE tableam_tbl_heapx(f1 int);
+CREATE TABLE tableam_tblas_heapx AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heapx;
+SELECT INTO tableam_tblselectinto_heapx FROM tableam_tbl_heapx;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW tableam_tblmv_heapx USING heap2 AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heapx;
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_heapx (a text, b int) PARTITION BY list (a);
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_1_heapx PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heapx FOR VALUES IN ('a', 'b');
+
+-- but an explicitly set AM overrides it
+CREATE TABLE tableam_parted_2_heapx PARTITION OF tableam_parted_heapx FOR VALUES IN ('c', 'd') USING heap;
+
+-- sequences, views and foreign servers shouldn't have an AM
+CREATE VIEW tableam_view_heapx AS SELECT * FROM tableam_tbl_heapx;
+CREATE SEQUENCE tableam_seq_heapx;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdw_heap2 VALIDATOR postgresql_fdw_validator;
+CREATE SERVER fs_heap2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdw_heap2 ;
+CREATE FOREIGN table tableam_fdw_heapx () SERVER fs_heap2;
+
+-- Verify that new AM was used for tables, matviews, but not for sequences, views and fdws
+SELECT
+    pc.relkind,
+    pa.amname,
+    CASE WHEN relkind = 't' THEN
+        (SELECT 'toast for ' || relname::regclass FROM pg_class pcm WHERE pcm.reltoastrelid = pc.oid)
+    ELSE
+        relname::regclass::text
+    END COLLATE "C" AS relname
+FROM pg_class AS pc
+    LEFT JOIN pg_am AS pa ON (pa.oid = pc.relam)
+WHERE pc.relname LIKE 'tableam_%_heapx'
+ORDER BY 3, 1, 2;
+
+-- don't want to keep those tables, nor the default
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Third, check that we can neither create a table using a nonexistent
+-- AM, nor using an index AM
+CREATE TABLE i_am_a_failure() USING "";
+CREATE TABLE i_am_a_failure() USING i_do_not_exist_am;
+CREATE TABLE i_am_a_failure() USING "I do not exist AM";
+CREATE TABLE i_am_a_failure() USING "btree";
+
+-- Drop table access method, which fails as objects depends on it
+DROP ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+
+-- we intentionally leave the objects created above alive, to verify pg_dump support
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_cast.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_cast.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b11cf88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_cast.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_CAST
+--
+
+-- Create some types to test with
+CREATE TYPE casttesttype;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION casttesttype_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS casttesttype
+   AS 'textin'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION casttesttype_out(casttesttype)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS 'textout'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE TYPE casttesttype (
+   internallength = variable,
+   input = casttesttype_in,
+   output = casttesttype_out,
+   alignment = int4
+);
+
+-- a dummy function to test with
+CREATE FUNCTION casttestfunc(casttesttype) RETURNS int4 LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ SELECT 1; $$;
+
+SELECT casttestfunc('foo'::text); -- fails, as there's no cast
+
+-- Try binary coercion cast
+CREATE CAST (text AS casttesttype) WITHOUT FUNCTION;
+SELECT casttestfunc('foo'::text); -- doesn't work, as the cast is explicit
+SELECT casttestfunc('foo'::text::casttesttype); -- should work
+DROP CAST (text AS casttesttype); -- cleanup
+
+-- Try IMPLICIT binary coercion cast
+CREATE CAST (text AS casttesttype) WITHOUT FUNCTION AS IMPLICIT;
+SELECT casttestfunc('foo'::text); -- Should work now
+
+-- Try I/O conversion cast.
+SELECT 1234::int4::casttesttype; -- No cast yet, should fail
+
+CREATE CAST (int4 AS casttesttype) WITH INOUT;
+SELECT 1234::int4::casttesttype; -- Should work now
+
+DROP CAST (int4 AS casttesttype);
+
+-- Try cast with a function
+
+CREATE FUNCTION int4_casttesttype(int4) RETURNS casttesttype LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ SELECT ('foo'::text || $1::text)::casttesttype; $$;
+
+CREATE CAST (int4 AS casttesttype) WITH FUNCTION int4_casttesttype(int4) AS IMPLICIT;
+SELECT 1234::int4::casttesttype; -- Should work now
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_function_c.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_function_c.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e5a390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_function_c.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_FUNCTION_C
+--
+-- This script used to create C functions for other scripts to use.
+-- But to get rid of the ordering dependencies that caused, such
+-- functions are now made either in test_setup.sql or in the specific
+-- test script that needs them.  All that remains here is error cases.
+
+-- directory path and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+--
+-- Check LOAD command.  (The alternative of implicitly loading the library
+-- is checked in many other test scripts.)
+--
+LOAD :'regresslib';
+
+-- Things that shouldn't work:
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE C
+    AS 'nosuchfile';
+
+-- To produce stable regression test output, we have to filter the name
+-- of the regresslib file out of the error message in this test.
+\set VERBOSITY sqlstate
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE C
+    AS :'regresslib', 'nosuchsymbol';
+\set VERBOSITY default
+SELECT regexp_replace(:'LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE', 'file ".*"', 'file "..."');
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE internal
+    AS 'nosuch';
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_function_sql.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_function_sql.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89e9af3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_function_sql.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_FUNCTION_SQL
+--
+-- Assorted tests using SQL-language functions
+--
+
+-- All objects made in this test are in temp_func_test schema
+
+CREATE USER regress_unpriv_user;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA temp_func_test;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA temp_func_test TO public;
+
+SET search_path TO temp_func_test, public;
+
+--
+-- Make sanity checks on the pg_proc entries created by CREATE FUNCTION
+--
+
+--
+-- ARGUMENT and RETURN TYPES
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_A_1(text, date) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1 = ''abcd'' AND $2 > ''2001-01-01''';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_A_2(text[]) RETURNS int LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1[1]::int';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_A_3() RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT false';
+SELECT proname, prorettype::regtype, proargtypes::regtype[] FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_A_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_A_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_A_3'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+
+SELECT functest_A_1('abcd', '2020-01-01');
+SELECT functest_A_2(ARRAY['1', '2', '3']);
+SELECT functest_A_3();
+
+--
+-- IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_B_1(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1 > 0';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_B_2(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       IMMUTABLE AS 'SELECT $1 > 0';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_B_3(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       STABLE AS 'SELECT $1 = 0';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_B_4(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       VOLATILE AS 'SELECT $1 < 0';
+SELECT proname, provolatile FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_B_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_B_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_B_3'::regproc,
+		     'functest_B_4'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_B_2(int) VOLATILE;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_B_3(int) COST 100;	-- unrelated change, no effect
+SELECT proname, provolatile FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_B_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_B_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_B_3'::regproc,
+		     'functest_B_4'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+
+--
+-- SECURITY DEFINER | INVOKER
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_C_1(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1 > 0';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_C_2(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       SECURITY DEFINER AS 'SELECT $1 = 0';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_C_3(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       SECURITY INVOKER AS 'SELECT $1 < 0';
+SELECT proname, prosecdef FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_C_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_C_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_C_3'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_C_1(int) IMMUTABLE;	-- unrelated change, no effect
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_C_2(int) SECURITY INVOKER;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_C_3(int) SECURITY DEFINER;
+SELECT proname, prosecdef FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_C_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_C_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_C_3'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+
+--
+-- LEAKPROOF
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_E_1(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1 > 100';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_E_2(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       LEAKPROOF AS 'SELECT $1 > 100';
+SELECT proname, proleakproof FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_E_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_E_2'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_1(int) LEAKPROOF;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_2(int) STABLE;	-- unrelated change, no effect
+SELECT proname, proleakproof FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_E_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_E_2'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_2(int) NOT LEAKPROOF;	-- remove leakproof attribute
+SELECT proname, proleakproof FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_E_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_E_2'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+
+-- it takes superuser privilege to turn on leakproof, but not to turn off
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_1(int) OWNER TO regress_unpriv_user;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_2(int) OWNER TO regress_unpriv_user;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_unpriv_user;
+SET search_path TO temp_func_test, public;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_1(int) NOT LEAKPROOF;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_E_2(int) LEAKPROOF;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_E_3(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       LEAKPROOF AS 'SELECT $1 < 200';	-- fail
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+--
+-- CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_F_1(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT $1 > 50';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_F_2(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       CALLED ON NULL INPUT AS 'SELECT $1 = 50';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_F_3(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT AS 'SELECT $1 < 50';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_F_4(int) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       STRICT AS 'SELECT $1 = 50';
+SELECT proname, proisstrict FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_F_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_3'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_4'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_F_1(int) IMMUTABLE;	-- unrelated change, no effect
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_F_2(int) STRICT;
+ALTER FUNCTION functest_F_3(int) CALLED ON NULL INPUT;
+SELECT proname, proisstrict FROM pg_proc
+       WHERE oid in ('functest_F_1'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_2'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_3'::regproc,
+                     'functest_F_4'::regproc) ORDER BY proname;
+
+
+-- pg_get_functiondef tests
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_A_1'::regproc);
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_B_3'::regproc);
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_C_3'::regproc);
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_F_2'::regproc);
+
+
+--
+-- SQL-standard body
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_1(a text, b date) RETURNS boolean
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    RETURN a = 'abcd' AND b > '2001-01-01';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_2(a text[]) RETURNS int
+    RETURN a[1]::int;
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_3() RETURNS boolean
+    RETURN false;
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_3a() RETURNS boolean
+    BEGIN ATOMIC
+        ;;RETURN false;;
+    END;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_10(a text, b date) RETURNS boolean
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    BEGIN ATOMIC
+        SELECT a = 'abcd' AND b > '2001-01-01';
+    END;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_13() RETURNS boolean
+    BEGIN ATOMIC
+        SELECT 1;
+        SELECT false;
+    END;
+
+-- check display of function arguments in sub-SELECT
+CREATE TABLE functest1 (i int);
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_16(a int, b int) RETURNS void
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    BEGIN ATOMIC
+        INSERT INTO functest1 SELECT a + $2;
+    END;
+
+-- error: duplicate function body
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_xxx(x int) RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS $$ SELECT x * 2 $$
+    RETURN x * 3;
+
+-- polymorphic arguments not allowed in this form
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_xx(x anyarray) RETURNS anyelement
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    RETURN x[1];
+
+-- check reporting of parse-analysis errors
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_xx(x date) RETURNS boolean
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    RETURN x > 1;
+
+-- tricky parsing
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_15(x int) RETURNS boolean
+LANGUAGE SQL
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+    select case when x % 2 = 0 then true else false end;
+END;
+
+SELECT functest_S_1('abcd', '2020-01-01');
+SELECT functest_S_2(ARRAY['1', '2', '3']);
+SELECT functest_S_3();
+
+SELECT functest_S_10('abcd', '2020-01-01');
+SELECT functest_S_13();
+
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_1'::regproc);
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_2'::regproc);
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_3'::regproc);
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_3a'::regproc);
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_10'::regproc);
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_13'::regproc);
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_15'::regproc);
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('functest_S_16'::regproc);
+
+DROP TABLE functest1 CASCADE;
+
+-- test with views
+CREATE TABLE functest3 (a int);
+INSERT INTO functest3 VALUES (1), (2);
+CREATE VIEW functestv3 AS SELECT * FROM functest3;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_S_14() RETURNS bigint
+    RETURN (SELECT count(*) FROM functestv3);
+
+SELECT functest_S_14();
+
+DROP TABLE functest3 CASCADE;
+
+
+-- information_schema tests
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_1(a int, b int default 1, c text default 'foo')
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT $1 + $2';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_2(out a int, b int default 1)
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT $1';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_3(a int default 1, out b int)
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT $1';
+
+SELECT routine_name, ordinal_position, parameter_name, parameter_default
+    FROM information_schema.parameters JOIN information_schema.routines USING (specific_schema, specific_name)
+    WHERE routine_schema = 'temp_func_test' AND routine_name ~ '^functest_is_'
+    ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+DROP FUNCTION functest_IS_1(int, int, text), functest_IS_2(int), functest_IS_3(int);
+
+-- routine usage views
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_4a() RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT 1';
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_4b(x int DEFAULT functest_IS_4a()) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT x';
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE functest1;
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_5(x int DEFAULT nextval('functest1'))
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT x';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_6()
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    RETURN nextval('functest1');
+
+CREATE TABLE functest2 (a int, b int);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_IS_7()
+    RETURNS int
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    RETURN (SELECT count(a) FROM functest2);
+
+SELECT r0.routine_name, r1.routine_name
+  FROM information_schema.routine_routine_usage rru
+       JOIN information_schema.routines r0 ON r0.specific_name = rru.specific_name
+       JOIN information_schema.routines r1 ON r1.specific_name = rru.routine_name
+  WHERE r0.routine_schema = 'temp_func_test' AND
+        r1.routine_schema = 'temp_func_test'
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT routine_name, sequence_name FROM information_schema.routine_sequence_usage
+  WHERE routine_schema = 'temp_func_test'
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT routine_name, table_name, column_name FROM information_schema.routine_column_usage
+  WHERE routine_schema = 'temp_func_test'
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT routine_name, table_name FROM information_schema.routine_table_usage
+  WHERE routine_schema = 'temp_func_test'
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+DROP FUNCTION functest_IS_4a CASCADE;
+DROP SEQUENCE functest1 CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE functest2 CASCADE;
+
+
+-- overload
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_B_2(bigint) RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       IMMUTABLE AS 'SELECT $1 > 0';
+
+DROP FUNCTION functest_b_1;
+DROP FUNCTION functest_b_1;  -- error, not found
+DROP FUNCTION functest_b_2;  -- error, ambiguous
+
+
+-- CREATE OR REPLACE tests
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest1(a int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT $1';
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION functest1(a int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL WINDOW AS 'SELECT $1';
+CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE functest1(a int) LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT $1';
+DROP FUNCTION functest1(a int);
+
+
+-- inlining of set-returning functions
+
+CREATE TABLE functest3 (a int);
+INSERT INTO functest3 VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_sri1() RETURNS SETOF int
+LANGUAGE SQL
+STABLE
+AS '
+    SELECT * FROM functest3;
+';
+
+SELECT * FROM functest_sri1();
+EXPLAIN (verbose, costs off) SELECT * FROM functest_sri1();
+
+CREATE FUNCTION functest_sri2() RETURNS SETOF int
+LANGUAGE SQL
+STABLE
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+    SELECT * FROM functest3;
+END;
+
+SELECT * FROM functest_sri2();
+EXPLAIN (verbose, costs off) SELECT * FROM functest_sri2();
+
+DROP TABLE functest3 CASCADE;
+
+
+-- Check behavior of VOID-returning SQL functions
+
+CREATE FUNCTION voidtest1(a int) RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ SELECT a + 1 $$;
+SELECT voidtest1(42);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION voidtest2(a int, b int) RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ SELECT voidtest1(a + b) $$;
+SELECT voidtest2(11,22);
+
+-- currently, we can inline voidtest2 but not voidtest1
+EXPLAIN (verbose, costs off) SELECT voidtest2(11,22);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE sometable(f1 int);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION voidtest3(a int) RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ INSERT INTO sometable VALUES(a + 1) $$;
+SELECT voidtest3(17);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION voidtest4(a int) RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ INSERT INTO sometable VALUES(a - 1) RETURNING f1 $$;
+SELECT voidtest4(39);
+
+TABLE sometable;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION voidtest5(a int) RETURNS SETOF VOID LANGUAGE SQL AS
+$$ SELECT generate_series(1, a) $$ STABLE;
+SELECT * FROM voidtest5(3);
+
+-- Regression tests for bugs:
+
+-- Check that arguments that are R/W expanded datums aren't corrupted by
+-- multiple uses.  This test knows that array_append() returns a R/W datum
+-- and will modify a R/W array input in-place.  We use SETOF to prevent
+-- inlining of the SQL function.
+CREATE FUNCTION double_append(anyarray, anyelement) RETURNS SETOF anyarray
+LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE AS
+$$ SELECT array_append($1, $2) || array_append($1, $2) $$;
+
+SELECT double_append(array_append(ARRAY[q1], q2), q3)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,2,3), (4,5,6)) v(q1,q2,q3);
+
+-- Things that shouldn't work:
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT ''not an integer'';';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'not even SQL';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT 1, 2, 3;';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'SELECT $2;';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1 (int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL
+    AS 'a', 'b';
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP SCHEMA temp_func_test CASCADE;
+DROP USER regress_unpriv_user;
+RESET search_path;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_index.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8fded3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1253 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_INDEX
+-- Create ancillary data structures (i.e. indices)
+--
+
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+
+--
+-- BTREE
+--
+CREATE INDEX onek_unique1 ON onek USING btree(unique1 int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS onek_unique1 ON onek USING btree(unique1 int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ON onek USING btree(unique1 int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX onek_unique2 ON onek USING btree(unique2 int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX onek_hundred ON onek USING btree(hundred int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX onek_stringu1 ON onek USING btree(stringu1 name_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX tenk1_unique1 ON tenk1 USING btree(unique1 int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX tenk1_unique2 ON tenk1 USING btree(unique2 int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX tenk1_hundred ON tenk1 USING btree(hundred int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX tenk1_thous_tenthous ON tenk1 (thousand, tenthous);
+
+CREATE INDEX tenk2_unique1 ON tenk2 USING btree(unique1 int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX tenk2_unique2 ON tenk2 USING btree(unique2 int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX tenk2_hundred ON tenk2 USING btree(hundred int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX rix ON road USING btree (name text_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX iix ON ihighway USING btree (name text_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX six ON shighway USING btree (name text_ops);
+
+-- test comments
+COMMENT ON INDEX six_wrong IS 'bad index';
+COMMENT ON INDEX six IS 'good index';
+COMMENT ON INDEX six IS NULL;
+
+--
+-- BTREE partial indices
+--
+CREATE INDEX onek2_u1_prtl ON onek2 USING btree(unique1 int4_ops)
+	where unique1 < 20 or unique1 > 980;
+
+CREATE INDEX onek2_u2_prtl ON onek2 USING btree(unique2 int4_ops)
+	where stringu1 < 'B';
+
+CREATE INDEX onek2_stu1_prtl ON onek2 USING btree(stringu1 name_ops)
+	where onek2.stringu1 >= 'J' and onek2.stringu1 < 'K';
+
+--
+-- GiST (rtree-equivalent opclasses only)
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE slow_emp4000 (
+	home_base	 box
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fast_emp4000 (
+	home_base	 box
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/rect.data'
+COPY slow_emp4000 FROM :'filename';
+
+INSERT INTO fast_emp4000 SELECT * FROM slow_emp4000;
+
+ANALYZE slow_emp4000;
+ANALYZE fast_emp4000;
+
+CREATE INDEX grect2ind ON fast_emp4000 USING gist (home_base);
+
+-- we want to work with a point_tbl that includes a null
+CREATE TEMP TABLE point_tbl AS SELECT * FROM public.point_tbl;
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES (NULL);
+
+CREATE INDEX gpointind ON point_tbl USING gist (f1);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE gpolygon_tbl AS
+    SELECT polygon(home_base) AS f1 FROM slow_emp4000;
+INSERT INTO gpolygon_tbl VALUES ( '(1000,0,0,1000)' );
+INSERT INTO gpolygon_tbl VALUES ( '(0,1000,1000,1000)' );
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE gcircle_tbl AS
+    SELECT circle(home_base) AS f1 FROM slow_emp4000;
+
+CREATE INDEX ggpolygonind ON gpolygon_tbl USING gist (f1);
+
+CREATE INDEX ggcircleind ON gcircle_tbl USING gist (f1);
+
+--
+-- Test GiST indexes
+--
+
+-- get non-indexed results for comparison purposes
+
+SET enable_seqscan = ON;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+
+SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000
+    WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box
+    ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0];
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM gpolygon_tbl WHERE f1 && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::polygon;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM gcircle_tbl WHERE f1 && '<(500,500),500>'::circle;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE box '(0,0,100,100)' @> f1;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ polygon '(0,0),(0,100),(100,100),(50,50),(100,0),(0,0)';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ circle '<(50,50),50>';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 << '(0.0, 0.0)';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 >> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 <<| '(0.0, 0.0)';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 |>> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(-5, -12)';
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NULL;
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+
+SELECT * FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(0,0)'::point LIMIT 10;
+
+SELECT circle_center(f1), round(radius(f1)) as radius FROM gcircle_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(200,300)'::point LIMIT 10;
+
+-- Now check the results from plain indexscan
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000
+    WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box
+    ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0];
+SELECT * FROM fast_emp4000
+    WHERE home_base <@ '(200,200),(2000,1000)'::box
+    ORDER BY (home_base[0])[0];
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box;
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::box;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM fast_emp4000 WHERE home_base IS NULL;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM gpolygon_tbl WHERE f1 && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::polygon;
+SELECT count(*) FROM gpolygon_tbl WHERE f1 && '(1000,1000,0,0)'::polygon;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM gcircle_tbl WHERE f1 && '<(500,500),500>'::circle;
+SELECT count(*) FROM gcircle_tbl WHERE f1 && '<(500,500),500>'::circle;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE box '(0,0,100,100)' @> f1;
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE box '(0,0,100,100)' @> f1;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ polygon '(0,0),(0,100),(100,100),(50,50),(100,0),(0,0)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ polygon '(0,0),(0,100),(100,100),(50,50),(100,0),(0,0)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ circle '<(50,50),50>';
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ circle '<(50,50),50>';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 << '(0.0, 0.0)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 << '(0.0, 0.0)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 >> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 >> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 <<| '(0.0, 0.0)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 <<| '(0.0, 0.0)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 |>> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 |>> '(0.0, 0.0)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(-5, -12)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM point_tbl p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(-5, -12)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NULL;
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NULL;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 IS NOT NULL ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(0,0)'::point LIMIT 10;
+SELECT * FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(0,0)'::point LIMIT 10;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT circle_center(f1), round(radius(f1)) as radius FROM gcircle_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(200,300)'::point LIMIT 10;
+SELECT circle_center(f1), round(radius(f1)) as radius FROM gcircle_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> '(200,300)'::point LIMIT 10;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT point(x,x), (SELECT f1 FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> point(x,x) LIMIT 1) as c FROM generate_series(0,10,1) x;
+SELECT point(x,x), (SELECT f1 FROM gpolygon_tbl ORDER BY f1 <-> point(x,x) LIMIT 1) as c FROM generate_series(0,10,1) x;
+
+-- Now check the results from bitmap indexscan
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+SELECT * FROM point_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(-10,-10),(10,10)':: box ORDER BY f1 <-> '0,1';
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+
+--
+-- GIN over int[] and text[]
+--
+-- Note: GIN currently supports only bitmap scans, not plain indexscans
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE array_index_op_test (
+	seqno		int4,
+	i			int4[],
+	t			text[]
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/array.data'
+COPY array_index_op_test FROM :'filename';
+ANALYZE array_index_op_test;
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i = '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i <@ '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
+
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+
+CREATE INDEX intarrayidx ON array_index_op_test USING gin (i);
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i <@ '{38,34,32,89}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i = '{47,77}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+
+CREATE INDEX textarrayidx ON array_index_op_test USING gin (t);
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t <@ '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t = '{AAAAAAAAAA646,A87088}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+
+-- And try it with a multicolumn GIN index
+
+DROP INDEX intarrayidx, textarrayidx;
+
+CREATE INDEX botharrayidx ON array_index_op_test USING gin (i, t);
+
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' AND t && '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' AND t @> '{AAAAAAA80240}' ORDER BY seqno;
+SELECT * FROM array_index_op_test WHERE t = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+
+--
+-- Try a GIN index with a lot of items with same key. (GIN creates a posting
+-- tree when there are enough duplicates)
+--
+CREATE TABLE array_gin_test (a int[]);
+
+INSERT INTO array_gin_test SELECT ARRAY[1, g%5, g] FROM generate_series(1, 10000) g;
+
+CREATE INDEX array_gin_test_idx ON array_gin_test USING gin (a);
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM array_gin_test WHERE a @> '{2}';
+
+DROP TABLE array_gin_test;
+
+--
+-- Test GIN index's reloptions
+--
+CREATE INDEX gin_relopts_test ON array_index_op_test USING gin (i)
+  WITH (FASTUPDATE=on, GIN_PENDING_LIST_LIMIT=128);
+\d+ gin_relopts_test
+
+--
+-- HASH
+--
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged_hash_table (id int4);
+CREATE INDEX unlogged_hash_index ON unlogged_hash_table USING hash (id int4_ops);
+DROP TABLE unlogged_hash_table;
+
+-- CREATE INDEX hash_ovfl_index ON hash_ovfl_heap USING hash (x int4_ops);
+
+-- Test hash index build tuplesorting.  Force hash tuplesort using low
+-- maintenance_work_mem setting and fillfactor:
+SET maintenance_work_mem = '1MB';
+CREATE INDEX hash_tuplesort_idx ON tenk1 USING hash (stringu1 name_ops) WITH (fillfactor = 10);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 WHERE stringu1 = 'TVAAAA';
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 WHERE stringu1 = 'TVAAAA';
+DROP INDEX hash_tuplesort_idx;
+RESET maintenance_work_mem;
+
+
+--
+-- Test unique null behavior
+--
+CREATE TABLE unique_tbl (i int, t text);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx1 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS DISTINCT;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx2 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT;
+
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'one');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (2, 'two');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'three');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (4, 'four');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (5, 'one');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl (t) VALUES ('six');
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl (t) VALUES ('seven');  -- error from unique_idx2
+
+DROP INDEX unique_idx1, unique_idx2;
+
+INSERT INTO unique_tbl (t) VALUES ('seven');
+
+-- build indexes on filled table
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx3 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS DISTINCT;  -- ok
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx4 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT;  -- error
+
+DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'seven';
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_idx4 ON unique_tbl (i) NULLS NOT DISTINCT;  -- ok now
+
+\d unique_tbl
+\d unique_idx3
+\d unique_idx4
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('unique_idx3'::regclass);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('unique_idx4'::regclass);
+
+DROP TABLE unique_tbl;
+
+
+--
+-- Test functional index
+--
+CREATE TABLE func_index_heap (f1 text, f2 text);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX func_index_index on func_index_heap (textcat(f1,f2));
+
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABC','DEF');
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('AB','CDEFG');
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWE','RTY');
+-- this should fail because of unique index:
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABCD', 'EF');
+-- but this shouldn't:
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWERTY');
+
+-- while we're here, see that the metadata looks sane
+\d func_index_heap
+\d func_index_index
+
+
+--
+-- Same test, expressional index
+--
+DROP TABLE func_index_heap;
+CREATE TABLE func_index_heap (f1 text, f2 text);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX func_index_index on func_index_heap ((f1 || f2) text_ops);
+
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABC','DEF');
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('AB','CDEFG');
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWE','RTY');
+-- this should fail because of unique index:
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('ABCD', 'EF');
+-- but this shouldn't:
+INSERT INTO func_index_heap VALUES('QWERTY');
+
+-- while we're here, see that the metadata looks sane
+\d func_index_heap
+\d func_index_index
+
+-- this should fail because of unsafe column type (anonymous record)
+create index on func_index_heap ((f1 || f2), (row(f1, f2)));
+
+
+--
+-- Test unique index with included columns
+--
+CREATE TABLE covering_index_heap (f1 int, f2 int, f3 text);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX covering_index_index on covering_index_heap (f1,f2) INCLUDE(f3);
+
+INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,1,'AAA');
+INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,2,'AAA');
+-- this should fail because of unique index on f1,f2:
+INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,2,'BBB');
+-- and this shouldn't:
+INSERT INTO covering_index_heap VALUES(1,4,'AAA');
+-- Try to build index on table that already contains data
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX covering_pkey on covering_index_heap (f1,f2) INCLUDE(f3);
+-- Try to use existing covering index as primary key
+ALTER TABLE covering_index_heap ADD CONSTRAINT covering_pkey PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX
+covering_pkey;
+DROP TABLE covering_index_heap;
+
+--
+-- Try some concurrent index builds
+--
+-- Unfortunately this only tests about half the code paths because there are
+-- no concurrent updates happening to the table at the same time.
+
+CREATE TABLE concur_heap (f1 text, f2 text);
+-- empty table
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index1 ON concur_heap(f2,f1);
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS concur_index1 ON concur_heap(f2,f1);
+INSERT INTO concur_heap VALUES  ('a','b');
+INSERT INTO concur_heap VALUES  ('b','b');
+-- unique index
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index2 ON concur_heap(f1);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS concur_index2 ON concur_heap(f1);
+-- check if constraint is set up properly to be enforced
+INSERT INTO concur_heap VALUES ('b','x');
+-- check if constraint is enforced properly at build time
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index3 ON concur_heap(f2);
+-- test that expression indexes and partial indexes work concurrently
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index4 on concur_heap(f2) WHERE f1='a';
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index5 on concur_heap(f2) WHERE f1='x';
+-- here we also check that you can default the index name
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY on concur_heap((f2||f1));
+-- You can't do a concurrent index build in a transaction
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index7 ON concur_heap(f1);
+COMMIT;
+-- test where predicate is able to do a transactional update during
+-- a concurrent build before switching pg_index state flags.
+CREATE FUNCTION predicate_stable() RETURNS bool IMMUTABLE
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+  EXECUTE 'SELECT txid_current()';
+  RETURN true;
+END; $$;
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_index8 ON concur_heap (f1)
+  WHERE predicate_stable();
+DROP INDEX concur_index8;
+DROP FUNCTION predicate_stable();
+
+-- But you can do a regular index build in a transaction
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INDEX std_index on concur_heap(f2);
+COMMIT;
+
+-- Failed builds are left invalid by VACUUM FULL, fixed by REINDEX
+VACUUM FULL concur_heap;
+REINDEX TABLE concur_heap;
+DELETE FROM concur_heap WHERE f1 = 'b';
+VACUUM FULL concur_heap;
+\d concur_heap
+REINDEX TABLE concur_heap;
+\d concur_heap
+
+-- Temporary tables with concurrent builds and on-commit actions
+-- CONCURRENTLY used with CREATE INDEX and DROP INDEX is ignored.
+-- PRESERVE ROWS, the default.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp (f1 int, f2 text)
+  ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS;
+INSERT INTO concur_temp VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind ON concur_temp(f1);
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind;
+DROP TABLE concur_temp;
+-- ON COMMIT DROP
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp (f1 int, f2 text)
+  ON COMMIT DROP;
+INSERT INTO concur_temp VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+-- Fails when running in a transaction.
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind ON concur_temp(f1);
+COMMIT;
+-- ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp (f1 int, f2 text)
+  ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+INSERT INTO concur_temp VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind ON concur_temp(f1);
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind;
+DROP TABLE concur_temp;
+
+--
+-- Try some concurrent index drops
+--
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index2";				-- works
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS "concur_index2";		-- notice
+
+-- failures
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index2", "concur_index3";
+BEGIN;
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index5";
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- successes
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS "concur_index3";
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index4";
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index5";
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_index1";
+DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY "concur_heap_expr_idx";
+
+\d concur_heap
+
+DROP TABLE concur_heap;
+
+--
+-- Test ADD CONSTRAINT USING INDEX
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE cwi_test( a int , b varchar(10), c char);
+
+-- add some data so that all tests have something to work with.
+
+INSERT INTO cwi_test VALUES(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq_idx ON cwi_test(a , b);
+ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD primary key USING INDEX cwi_uniq_idx;
+
+\d cwi_test
+\d cwi_uniq_idx
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq2_idx ON cwi_test(b , a);
+ALTER TABLE cwi_test DROP CONSTRAINT cwi_uniq_idx,
+	ADD CONSTRAINT cwi_replaced_pkey PRIMARY KEY
+		USING INDEX cwi_uniq2_idx;
+
+\d cwi_test
+\d cwi_replaced_pkey
+
+DROP INDEX cwi_replaced_pkey;	-- Should fail; a constraint depends on it
+
+-- Check that non-default index options are rejected
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq3_idx ON cwi_test(a desc);
+ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD UNIQUE USING INDEX cwi_uniq3_idx;  -- fail
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cwi_uniq4_idx ON cwi_test(b collate "POSIX");
+ALTER TABLE cwi_test ADD UNIQUE USING INDEX cwi_uniq4_idx;  -- fail
+
+DROP TABLE cwi_test;
+
+-- ADD CONSTRAINT USING INDEX is forbidden on partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE cwi_test(a int) PARTITION BY hash (a);
+create unique index on cwi_test (a);
+alter table cwi_test add primary key using index cwi_test_a_idx ;
+DROP TABLE cwi_test;
+
+--
+-- Check handling of indexes on system columns
+--
+CREATE TABLE syscol_table (a INT);
+
+-- System columns cannot be indexed
+CREATE INDEX ON syscolcol_table (ctid);
+
+-- nor used in expressions
+CREATE INDEX ON syscol_table ((ctid >= '(1000,0)'));
+
+-- nor used in predicates
+CREATE INDEX ON syscol_table (a) WHERE ctid >= '(1000,0)';
+
+DROP TABLE syscol_table;
+
+--
+-- Tests for IS NULL/IS NOT NULL with b-tree indexes
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE onek_with_null AS SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek;
+INSERT INTO onek_with_null (unique1,unique2) VALUES (NULL, -1), (NULL, NULL);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2,unique1);
+
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+
+DROP INDEX onek_nulltest;
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2 desc,unique1);
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+
+DROP INDEX onek_nulltest;
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2 desc nulls last,unique1);
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+
+DROP INDEX onek_nulltest;
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2  nulls first,unique1);
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique2 IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NOT NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique1 IS NULL AND unique1 > 500;
+
+DROP INDEX onek_nulltest;
+
+-- Check initial-positioning logic too
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX onek_nulltest ON onek_with_null (unique2);
+
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null
+  ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 2;
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 >= -1
+  ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 2;
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 >= 0
+  ORDER BY unique2 LIMIT 2;
+
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null
+  ORDER BY unique2 DESC LIMIT 2;
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 >= -1
+  ORDER BY unique2 DESC LIMIT 2;
+SELECT unique1, unique2 FROM onek_with_null WHERE unique2 < 999
+  ORDER BY unique2 DESC LIMIT 2;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+
+DROP TABLE onek_with_null;
+
+--
+-- Check bitmap index path planning
+--
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM tenk1
+  WHERE thousand = 42 AND (tenthous = 1 OR tenthous = 3 OR tenthous = 42);
+SELECT * FROM tenk1
+  WHERE thousand = 42 AND (tenthous = 1 OR tenthous = 3 OR tenthous = 42);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1
+  WHERE hundred = 42 AND (thousand = 42 OR thousand = 99);
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1
+  WHERE hundred = 42 AND (thousand = 42 OR thousand = 99);
+
+--
+-- Check behavior with duplicate index column contents
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE dupindexcols AS
+  SELECT unique1 as id, stringu2::text as f1 FROM tenk1;
+CREATE INDEX dupindexcols_i ON dupindexcols (f1, id, f1 text_pattern_ops);
+ANALYZE dupindexcols;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+  SELECT count(*) FROM dupindexcols
+    WHERE f1 BETWEEN 'WA' AND 'ZZZ' and id < 1000 and f1 ~<~ 'YX';
+SELECT count(*) FROM dupindexcols
+  WHERE f1 BETWEEN 'WA' AND 'ZZZ' and id < 1000 and f1 ~<~ 'YX';
+
+--
+-- Check ordering of =ANY indexqual results (bug in 9.2.0)
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1
+WHERE unique1 IN (1,42,7)
+ORDER BY unique1;
+
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1
+WHERE unique1 IN (1,42,7)
+ORDER BY unique1;
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000)
+ORDER BY thousand;
+
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000)
+ORDER BY thousand;
+
+SET enable_indexonlyscan = OFF;
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000)
+ORDER BY thousand;
+
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+WHERE thousand < 2 AND tenthous IN (1001,3000)
+ORDER BY thousand;
+
+RESET enable_indexonlyscan;
+
+--
+-- Check elimination of constant-NULL subexpressions
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from tenk1 where (thousand, tenthous) in ((1,1001), (null,null));
+
+--
+-- Check matching of boolean index columns to WHERE conditions and sort keys
+--
+
+create temp table boolindex (b bool, i int, unique(b, i), junk float);
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex order by b, i limit 10;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex where b order by i limit 10;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex where b = true order by i desc limit 10;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex where not b order by i limit 10;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex where b is true order by i desc limit 10;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from boolindex where b is false order by i desc limit 10;
+
+--
+-- REINDEX (VERBOSE)
+--
+CREATE TABLE reindex_verbose(id integer primary key);
+\set VERBOSITY terse \\ -- suppress machine-dependent details
+REINDEX (VERBOSE) TABLE reindex_verbose;
+\set VERBOSITY default
+DROP TABLE reindex_verbose;
+
+--
+-- REINDEX CONCURRENTLY
+--
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab (c1 int);
+-- REINDEX
+REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_tab; -- notice
+REINDEX (CONCURRENTLY) TABLE concur_reindex_tab; -- notice
+ALTER TABLE concur_reindex_tab ADD COLUMN c2 text; -- add toast index
+-- Normal index with integer column
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_reindex_ind1 ON concur_reindex_tab(c1);
+-- Normal index with text column
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_ind2 ON concur_reindex_tab(c2);
+-- UNIQUE index with expression
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_reindex_ind3 ON concur_reindex_tab(abs(c1));
+-- Duplicate column names
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_ind4 ON concur_reindex_tab(c1, c1, c2);
+-- Create table for check on foreign key dependence switch with indexes swapped
+ALTER TABLE concur_reindex_tab ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX concur_reindex_ind1;
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab2 (c1 int REFERENCES concur_reindex_tab);
+INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab VALUES  (1, 'a');
+INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab VALUES  (2, 'a');
+-- Reindex concurrently of exclusion constraint currently not supported
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab3 (c1 int, c2 int4range, EXCLUDE USING gist (c2 WITH &&));
+INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab3 VALUES  (3, '[1,2]');
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY  concur_reindex_tab3_c2_excl;  -- error
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab3;  -- succeeds with warning
+INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab3 VALUES  (4, '[2,4]');
+-- Check materialized views
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW concur_reindex_matview AS SELECT * FROM concur_reindex_tab;
+-- Dependency lookup before and after the follow-up REINDEX commands.
+-- These should remain consistent.
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+  objid in ('concur_reindex_tab'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_ind1'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind2'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind3'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind4'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_matview'::regclass)
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind1;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_matview;
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+  objid in ('concur_reindex_tab'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_ind1'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind2'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind3'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_ind4'::regclass,
+	    'concur_reindex_matview'::regclass)
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+-- Check that comments are preserved
+CREATE TABLE testcomment (i int);
+CREATE INDEX testcomment_idx1 ON testcomment (i);
+COMMENT ON INDEX testcomment_idx1 IS 'test comment';
+SELECT obj_description('testcomment_idx1'::regclass, 'pg_class');
+REINDEX TABLE testcomment;
+SELECT obj_description('testcomment_idx1'::regclass, 'pg_class');
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY testcomment ;
+SELECT obj_description('testcomment_idx1'::regclass, 'pg_class');
+DROP TABLE testcomment;
+-- Check that indisclustered updates are preserved
+CREATE TABLE concur_clustered(i int);
+CREATE INDEX concur_clustered_i_idx ON concur_clustered(i);
+ALTER TABLE concur_clustered CLUSTER ON concur_clustered_i_idx;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_clustered;
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indisclustered FROM pg_index
+  WHERE indrelid = 'concur_clustered'::regclass;
+DROP TABLE concur_clustered;
+-- Check that indisreplident updates are preserved.
+CREATE TABLE concur_replident(i int NOT NULL);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_replident_i_idx ON concur_replident(i);
+ALTER TABLE concur_replident REPLICA IDENTITY
+  USING INDEX concur_replident_i_idx;
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indisreplident FROM pg_index
+  WHERE indrelid = 'concur_replident'::regclass;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_replident;
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indisreplident FROM pg_index
+  WHERE indrelid = 'concur_replident'::regclass;
+DROP TABLE concur_replident;
+-- Check that opclass parameters are preserved
+CREATE TABLE concur_appclass_tab(i tsvector, j tsvector, k tsvector);
+CREATE INDEX concur_appclass_ind on concur_appclass_tab
+  USING gist (i tsvector_ops (siglen='1000'), j tsvector_ops (siglen='500'));
+CREATE INDEX concur_appclass_ind_2 on concur_appclass_tab
+  USING gist (k tsvector_ops (siglen='300'), j tsvector_ops);
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_appclass_tab;
+\d concur_appclass_tab
+DROP TABLE concur_appclass_tab;
+
+-- Partitions
+-- Create some partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part (c1 int, c2 int) PARTITION BY RANGE (c1);
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_0 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part
+  FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10) PARTITION BY list (c2);
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_0_1 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part_0
+  FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_0_2 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part_0
+  FOR VALUES IN (2);
+-- This partitioned table will have no partitions.
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_part_10 PARTITION OF concur_reindex_part
+  FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20) PARTITION BY list (c2);
+-- Create some partitioned indexes
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index ON ONLY concur_reindex_part (c1);
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_0 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_0;
+-- This partitioned index will have no partitions.
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_10 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_10 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_10;
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0_1 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_0_1 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0 ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_0_1;
+CREATE INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0_2 ON ONLY concur_reindex_part_0_2 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX concur_reindex_part_index_0 ATTACH PARTITION concur_reindex_part_index_0_2;
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index')
+  ORDER BY relid, level;
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index')
+  ORDER BY relid, level;
+-- REINDEX should preserve dependencies of partition tree.
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+  objid in ('concur_reindex_part'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0_1'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0_2'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0_1'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0_2'::regclass)
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index_0_1;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index_0_2;
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index')
+  ORDER BY relid, level;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_0_1;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_0_2;
+SELECT pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+       pg_describe_object(refclassid,refobjid,refobjsubid) as objref,
+       deptype
+FROM pg_depend
+WHERE classid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND
+  objid in ('concur_reindex_part'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0_1'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_0_2'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0_1'::regclass,
+            'concur_reindex_part_index_0_2'::regclass)
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('concur_reindex_part_index')
+  ORDER BY relid, level;
+
+-- REINDEX for partitioned indexes
+-- REINDEX TABLE fails for partitioned indexes
+-- Top-most parent index
+REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part_index; -- error
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index; -- error
+-- Partitioned index with no leaves
+REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part_index_10; -- error
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index_10; -- error
+-- Cannot run in a transaction block
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part_index;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Helper functions to track changes of relfilenodes in a partition tree.
+-- Create a table tracking the relfilenode state.
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION create_relfilenode_part(relname text, indname text)
+  RETURNS VOID AS
+  $func$
+  BEGIN
+  EXECUTE format('
+    CREATE TABLE %I AS
+      SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid
+      FROM pg_class
+      WHERE oid IN
+         (SELECT relid FROM pg_partition_tree(''%I''));',
+	 relname, indname);
+  END
+  $func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION compare_relfilenode_part(tabname text)
+  RETURNS TABLE (relname name, relkind "char", state text) AS
+  $func$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN QUERY EXECUTE
+      format(
+        'SELECT  b.relname,
+                 b.relkind,
+                 CASE WHEN a.relfilenode = b.relfilenode THEN ''relfilenode is unchanged''
+                 ELSE ''relfilenode has changed'' END
+           -- Do not join with OID here as CONCURRENTLY changes it.
+           FROM %I b JOIN pg_class a ON b.relname = a.relname
+           ORDER BY 1;', tabname);
+  END
+  $func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+--  Check that expected relfilenodes are changed, non-concurrent case.
+SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index');
+REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part_index;
+SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status');
+DROP TABLE reindex_index_status;
+-- concurrent case.
+SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index');
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_index;
+SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status');
+DROP TABLE reindex_index_status;
+
+-- REINDEX for partitioned tables
+-- REINDEX INDEX fails for partitioned tables
+-- Top-most parent
+REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part; -- error
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part; -- error
+-- Partitioned with no leaves
+REINDEX INDEX concur_reindex_part_10; -- error
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part_10; -- error
+-- Cannot run in a transaction block
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Check that expected relfilenodes are changed, non-concurrent case.
+-- Note that the partition tree changes of the *indexes* need to be checked.
+SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index');
+REINDEX TABLE concur_reindex_part;
+SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status');
+DROP TABLE reindex_index_status;
+-- concurrent case.
+SELECT create_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status', 'concur_reindex_part_index');
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_part;
+SELECT * FROM compare_relfilenode_part('reindex_index_status');
+DROP TABLE reindex_index_status;
+
+DROP FUNCTION create_relfilenode_part;
+DROP FUNCTION compare_relfilenode_part;
+
+-- Cleanup of partition tree used for REINDEX test.
+DROP TABLE concur_reindex_part;
+
+-- Check errors
+-- Cannot run inside a transaction block
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab;
+COMMIT;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_class; -- no catalog relation
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY pg_class_oid_index; -- no catalog index
+-- These are the toast table and index of pg_authid.
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_toast.pg_toast_1260; -- no catalog toast table
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY pg_toast.pg_toast_1260_index; -- no catalog toast index
+REINDEX SYSTEM CONCURRENTLY postgres; -- not allowed for SYSTEM
+-- Warns about catalog relations
+REINDEX SCHEMA CONCURRENTLY pg_catalog;
+
+-- Check the relation status, there should not be invalid indexes
+\d concur_reindex_tab
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW concur_reindex_matview;
+DROP TABLE concur_reindex_tab, concur_reindex_tab2, concur_reindex_tab3;
+
+-- Check handling of invalid indexes
+CREATE TABLE concur_reindex_tab4 (c1 int);
+INSERT INTO concur_reindex_tab4 VALUES (1), (1), (2);
+-- This trick creates an invalid index.
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind5 ON concur_reindex_tab4 (c1);
+-- Reindexing concurrently this index fails with the same failure.
+-- The extra index created is itself invalid, and can be dropped.
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind5;
+\d concur_reindex_tab4
+DROP INDEX concur_reindex_ind5_ccnew;
+-- This makes the previous failure go away, so the index can become valid.
+DELETE FROM concur_reindex_tab4 WHERE c1 = 1;
+-- The invalid index is not processed when running REINDEX TABLE.
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_tab4;
+\d concur_reindex_tab4
+-- But it is fixed with REINDEX INDEX.
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_reindex_ind5;
+\d concur_reindex_tab4
+DROP TABLE concur_reindex_tab4;
+
+-- Check handling of indexes with expressions and predicates.  The
+-- definitions of the rebuilt indexes should match the original
+-- definitions.
+CREATE TABLE concur_exprs_tab (c1 int , c2 boolean);
+INSERT INTO concur_exprs_tab (c1, c2) VALUES (1369652450, FALSE),
+  (414515746, TRUE),
+  (897778963, FALSE);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr
+  ON concur_exprs_tab ((c1::text COLLATE "C"));
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred ON concur_exprs_tab (c1)
+  WHERE (c1::text > 500000000::text COLLATE "C");
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX concur_exprs_index_pred_2
+  ON concur_exprs_tab ((1 / c1))
+  WHERE ('-H') >= (c2::TEXT) COLLATE "C";
+ALTER INDEX concur_exprs_index_expr ALTER COLUMN 1 SET STATISTICS 100;
+ANALYZE concur_exprs_tab;
+SELECT starelid::regclass, count(*) FROM pg_statistic WHERE starelid IN (
+  'concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass,
+  'concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass,
+  'concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass)
+  GROUP BY starelid ORDER BY starelid::regclass::text;
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass);
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_exprs_tab;
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass);
+-- ALTER TABLE recreates the indexes, which should keep their collations.
+ALTER TABLE concur_exprs_tab ALTER c2 TYPE TEXT;
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef('concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass);
+-- Statistics should remain intact.
+SELECT starelid::regclass, count(*) FROM pg_statistic WHERE starelid IN (
+  'concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass,
+  'concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass,
+  'concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass)
+  GROUP BY starelid ORDER BY starelid::regclass::text;
+-- attstattarget should remain intact
+SELECT attrelid::regclass, attnum, attstattarget
+  FROM pg_attribute WHERE attrelid IN (
+    'concur_exprs_index_expr'::regclass,
+    'concur_exprs_index_pred'::regclass,
+    'concur_exprs_index_pred_2'::regclass)
+  ORDER BY attrelid::regclass::text, attnum;
+DROP TABLE concur_exprs_tab;
+
+-- Temporary tables and on-commit actions, where CONCURRENTLY is ignored.
+-- ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS, the default.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp_tab_1 (c1 int, c2 text)
+  ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS;
+INSERT INTO concur_temp_tab_1 VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+CREATE INDEX concur_temp_ind_1 ON concur_temp_tab_1(c2);
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_tab_1;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_1;
+-- Still fails in transaction blocks
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_1;
+COMMIT;
+-- ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp_tab_2 (c1 int, c2 text)
+  ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+CREATE INDEX concur_temp_ind_2 ON concur_temp_tab_2(c2);
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_tab_2;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_2;
+-- ON COMMIT DROP
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE concur_temp_tab_3 (c1 int, c2 text)
+  ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS;
+INSERT INTO concur_temp_tab_3 VALUES (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+CREATE INDEX concur_temp_ind_3 ON concur_temp_tab_3(c2);
+-- Fails when running in a transaction
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY concur_temp_ind_3;
+COMMIT;
+-- REINDEX SCHEMA processes all temporary relations
+CREATE TABLE reindex_temp_before AS
+SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid
+  FROM pg_class
+  WHERE relname IN ('concur_temp_ind_1', 'concur_temp_ind_2');
+SELECT pg_my_temp_schema()::regnamespace as temp_schema_name \gset
+REINDEX SCHEMA CONCURRENTLY :temp_schema_name;
+SELECT  b.relname,
+        b.relkind,
+        CASE WHEN a.relfilenode = b.relfilenode THEN 'relfilenode is unchanged'
+        ELSE 'relfilenode has changed' END
+  FROM reindex_temp_before b JOIN pg_class a ON b.oid = a.oid
+  ORDER BY 1;
+DROP TABLE concur_temp_tab_1, concur_temp_tab_2, reindex_temp_before;
+
+--
+-- REINDEX SCHEMA
+--
+REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex; -- failure, schema does not exist
+CREATE SCHEMA schema_to_reindex;
+SET search_path = 'schema_to_reindex';
+CREATE TABLE table1(col1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO table1 SELECT generate_series(1,400);
+CREATE TABLE table2(col1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, col2 TEXT NOT NULL);
+INSERT INTO table2 SELECT generate_series(1,400), 'abc';
+CREATE INDEX ON table2(col2);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview AS SELECT col1 FROM table2;
+CREATE INDEX ON matview(col1);
+CREATE VIEW view AS SELECT col2 FROM table2;
+CREATE TABLE reindex_before AS
+SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid
+	FROM pg_class
+	where relnamespace = (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'schema_to_reindex');
+INSERT INTO reindex_before
+SELECT oid, 'pg_toast_TABLE', relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid
+FROM pg_class WHERE oid IN
+	(SELECT reltoastrelid FROM reindex_before WHERE reltoastrelid > 0);
+INSERT INTO reindex_before
+SELECT oid, 'pg_toast_TABLE_index', relfilenode, relkind, reltoastrelid
+FROM pg_class where oid in
+	(select indexrelid from pg_index where indrelid in
+		(select reltoastrelid from reindex_before where reltoastrelid > 0));
+REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex;
+CREATE TABLE reindex_after AS SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, relkind
+	FROM pg_class
+	where relnamespace = (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'schema_to_reindex');
+SELECT  b.relname,
+        b.relkind,
+        CASE WHEN a.relfilenode = b.relfilenode THEN 'relfilenode is unchanged'
+        ELSE 'relfilenode has changed' END
+  FROM reindex_before b JOIN pg_class a ON b.oid = a.oid
+  ORDER BY 1;
+REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex;
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex; -- failure, cannot run in a transaction
+END;
+
+-- concurrently
+REINDEX SCHEMA CONCURRENTLY schema_to_reindex;
+
+-- Failure for unauthorized user
+CREATE ROLE regress_reindexuser NOLOGIN;
+SET SESSION ROLE regress_reindexuser;
+REINDEX SCHEMA schema_to_reindex;
+-- Permission failures with toast tables and indexes (pg_authid here)
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA pg_toast TO regress_reindexuser;
+SET SESSION ROLE regress_reindexuser;
+REINDEX TABLE pg_toast.pg_toast_1260;
+REINDEX INDEX pg_toast.pg_toast_1260_index;
+
+-- Clean up
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMA pg_toast FROM regress_reindexuser;
+DROP ROLE regress_reindexuser;
+DROP SCHEMA schema_to_reindex CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_index_spgist.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_index_spgist.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..660bfc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_index_spgist.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+--
+-- SP-GiST index tests
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE quad_point_tbl AS
+    SELECT point(unique1,unique2) AS p FROM tenk1;
+
+INSERT INTO quad_point_tbl
+    SELECT '(333.0,400.0)'::point FROM generate_series(1,1000);
+
+INSERT INTO quad_point_tbl VALUES (NULL), (NULL), (NULL);
+
+CREATE INDEX sp_quad_ind ON quad_point_tbl USING spgist (p);
+
+CREATE TABLE kd_point_tbl AS SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl;
+
+CREATE INDEX sp_kd_ind ON kd_point_tbl USING spgist (p kd_point_ops);
+
+CREATE TABLE radix_text_tbl AS
+    SELECT name AS t FROM road WHERE name !~ '^[0-9]';
+
+INSERT INTO radix_text_tbl
+    SELECT 'P0123456789abcdef' FROM generate_series(1,1000);
+INSERT INTO radix_text_tbl VALUES ('P0123456789abcde');
+INSERT INTO radix_text_tbl VALUES ('P0123456789abcdefF');
+
+CREATE INDEX sp_radix_ind ON radix_text_tbl USING spgist (t);
+
+-- get non-indexed results for comparison purposes
+
+SET enable_seqscan = ON;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NULL;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl;
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_seq2 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_seq3 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '333,400') n, p <-> '333,400' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdef';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcde';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdefF';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<~  'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <=   'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Worth                         St  ';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >=   'Worth                         St  ';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  ';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >    'Worth                         St  ';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>~  'Worth                         St  ';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ^@  'Worth';
+
+-- Now check the results from plain indexscan
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NULL;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl;
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_idx1 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl;
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 seq FULL JOIN quad_point_tbl_ord_idx1 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_idx2 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq2 seq FULL JOIN quad_point_tbl_ord_idx2 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '333,400') n, p <-> '333,400' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_point_tbl_ord_idx3 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '333,400') n, p <-> '333,400' dist, p
+FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq3 seq FULL JOIN quad_point_tbl_ord_idx3 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE kd_point_tbl_ord_idx1 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl;
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 seq FULL JOIN kd_point_tbl_ord_idx1 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+CREATE TEMP TABLE kd_point_tbl_ord_idx2 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '0,0') n, p <-> '0,0' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq2 seq FULL JOIN kd_point_tbl_ord_idx2 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '333,400') n, p <-> '333,400' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE kd_point_tbl_ord_idx3 AS
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> '333,400') n, p <-> '333,400' dist, p
+FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT * FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq3 seq FULL JOIN kd_point_tbl_ord_idx3 idx
+ON seq.n = idx.n
+WHERE seq.dist IS DISTINCT FROM idx.dist;
+
+-- test KNN scan with included columns
+-- the distance numbers are not exactly the same across platforms
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+CREATE INDEX ON quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 USING spgist(p) INCLUDE(dist);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT p, dist FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 ORDER BY p <-> '0,0' LIMIT 10;
+SELECT p, dist FROM quad_point_tbl_ord_seq1 ORDER BY p <-> '0,0' LIMIT 10;
+RESET extra_float_digits;
+
+-- check ORDER BY distance to NULL
+SELECT (SELECT p FROM kd_point_tbl ORDER BY p <-> pt, p <-> '0,0' LIMIT 1)
+FROM (VALUES (point '1,2'), (NULL), ('1234,5678')) pts(pt);
+
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdef';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdef';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcde';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcde';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdefF';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdefF';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<~  'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<~  'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <=   'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <=   'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Worth                         St  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Worth                         St  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >=   'Worth                         St  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >=   'Worth                         St  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >    'Worth                         St  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >    'Worth                         St  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>~  'Worth                         St  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>~  'Worth                         St  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ^@	 'Worth';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ^@	 'Worth';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE starts_with(t, 'Worth');
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE starts_with(t, 'Worth');
+
+-- Now check the results from bitmap indexscan
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NULL;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p IS NOT NULL;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl;
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <@ box '(200,200,1000,1000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE box '(200,200,1000,1000)' @> p;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p << '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p >> '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p <<| '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p |>> '(5000, 4000)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM kd_point_tbl WHERE p ~= '(4585, 365)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdef';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdef';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcde';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcde';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdefF';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t = 'P0123456789abcdefF';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<~  'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<~  'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <=   'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t <=   'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~<=~ 'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Aztec                         Ct  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Worth                         St  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t =    'Worth                         St  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >=   'Worth                         St  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >=   'Worth                         St  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>=~ 'Worth                         St  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >    'Worth                         St  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t >    'Worth                         St  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>~  'Worth                         St  ';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ~>~  'Worth                         St  ';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ^@	 'Worth';
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE t ^@	 'Worth';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE starts_with(t, 'Worth');
+SELECT count(*) FROM radix_text_tbl WHERE starts_with(t, 'Worth');
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_misc.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_misc.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fb9fda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_misc.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_MISC
+--
+
+--
+-- a is the type root
+-- b and c inherit from a (one-level single inheritance)
+-- d inherits from b and c (two-level multiple inheritance)
+-- e inherits from c (two-level single inheritance)
+-- f inherits from e (three-level single inheritance)
+--
+CREATE TABLE a_star (
+	class		char,
+	a 			int4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE b_star (
+	b 			text
+) INHERITS (a_star);
+
+CREATE TABLE c_star (
+	c 			name
+) INHERITS (a_star);
+
+CREATE TABLE d_star (
+	d 			float8
+) INHERITS (b_star, c_star);
+
+CREATE TABLE e_star (
+	e 			int2
+) INHERITS (c_star);
+
+CREATE TABLE f_star (
+	f 			polygon
+) INHERITS (e_star);
+
+INSERT INTO a_star (class, a) VALUES ('a', 1);
+
+INSERT INTO a_star (class, a) VALUES ('a', 2);
+
+INSERT INTO a_star (class) VALUES ('a');
+
+INSERT INTO b_star (class, a, b) VALUES ('b', 3, 'mumble'::text);
+
+INSERT INTO b_star (class, a) VALUES ('b', 4);
+
+INSERT INTO b_star (class, b) VALUES ('b', 'bumble'::text);
+
+INSERT INTO b_star (class) VALUES ('b');
+
+INSERT INTO c_star (class, a, c) VALUES ('c', 5, 'hi mom'::name);
+
+INSERT INTO c_star (class, a) VALUES ('c', 6);
+
+INSERT INTO c_star (class, c) VALUES ('c', 'hi paul'::name);
+
+INSERT INTO c_star (class) VALUES ('c');
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, b, c, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 7, 'grumble'::text, 'hi sunita'::name, '0.0'::float8);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, b, c)
+   VALUES ('d', 8, 'stumble'::text, 'hi koko'::name);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, b, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 9, 'rumble'::text, '1.1'::float8);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, c, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 10, 'hi kristin'::name, '10.01'::float8);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, b, c, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 'crumble'::text, 'hi boris'::name, '100.001'::float8);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, b)
+   VALUES ('d', 11, 'fumble'::text);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, c)
+   VALUES ('d', 12, 'hi avi'::name);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 13, '1000.0001'::float8);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, b, c)
+   VALUES ('d', 'tumble'::text, 'hi andrew'::name);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, b, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 'humble'::text, '10000.00001'::float8);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, c, d)
+   VALUES ('d', 'hi ginger'::name, '100000.000001'::float8);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, a) VALUES ('d', 14);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, b) VALUES ('d', 'jumble'::text);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, c) VALUES ('d', 'hi jolly'::name);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class, d) VALUES ('d', '1000000.0000001'::float8);
+
+INSERT INTO d_star (class) VALUES ('d');
+
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, a, c, e)
+   VALUES ('e', 15, 'hi carol'::name, '-1'::int2);
+
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, a, c)
+   VALUES ('e', 16, 'hi bob'::name);
+
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, a, e)
+   VALUES ('e', 17, '-2'::int2);
+
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, c, e)
+   VALUES ('e', 'hi michelle'::name, '-3'::int2);
+
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, a)
+   VALUES ('e', 18);
+
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, c)
+   VALUES ('e', 'hi elisa'::name);
+
+INSERT INTO e_star (class, e)
+   VALUES ('e', '-4'::int2);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, c, e, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 19, 'hi claire'::name, '-5'::int2, '(1,3),(2,4)'::polygon);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, c, e)
+   VALUES ('f', 20, 'hi mike'::name, '-6'::int2);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, c, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 21, 'hi marcel'::name, '(11,44),(22,55),(33,66)'::polygon);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, e, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 22, '-7'::int2, '(111,555),(222,666),(333,777),(444,888)'::polygon);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, c, e, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 'hi keith'::name, '-8'::int2,
+	   '(1111,3333),(2222,4444)'::polygon);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, c)
+   VALUES ('f', 24, 'hi marc'::name);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, e)
+   VALUES ('f', 25, '-9'::int2);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 26, '(11111,33333),(22222,44444)'::polygon);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, c, e)
+   VALUES ('f', 'hi allison'::name, '-10'::int2);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, c, f)
+   VALUES ('f', 'hi jeff'::name,
+           '(111111,333333),(222222,444444)'::polygon);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, e, f)
+   VALUES ('f', '-11'::int2, '(1111111,3333333),(2222222,4444444)'::polygon);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, a) VALUES ('f', 27);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, c) VALUES ('f', 'hi carl'::name);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, e) VALUES ('f', '-12'::int2);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class, f)
+   VALUES ('f', '(11111111,33333333),(22222222,44444444)'::polygon);
+
+INSERT INTO f_star (class) VALUES ('f');
+
+-- Analyze the X_star tables for better plan stability in later tests
+ANALYZE a_star;
+ANALYZE b_star;
+ANALYZE c_star;
+ANALYZE d_star;
+ANALYZE e_star;
+ANALYZE f_star;
+
+--
+-- inheritance stress test
+--
+SELECT * FROM a_star*;
+
+SELECT *
+   FROM b_star* x
+   WHERE x.b = text 'bumble' or x.a < 3;
+
+SELECT class, a
+   FROM c_star* x
+   WHERE x.c ~ text 'hi';
+
+SELECT class, b, c
+   FROM d_star* x
+   WHERE x.a < 100;
+
+SELECT class, c FROM e_star* x WHERE x.c NOTNULL;
+
+SELECT * FROM f_star* x WHERE x.c ISNULL;
+
+-- grouping and aggregation on inherited sets have been busted in the past...
+
+SELECT sum(a) FROM a_star*;
+
+SELECT class, sum(a) FROM a_star* GROUP BY class ORDER BY class;
+
+
+ALTER TABLE f_star RENAME COLUMN f TO ff;
+
+ALTER TABLE e_star* RENAME COLUMN e TO ee;
+
+ALTER TABLE d_star* RENAME COLUMN d TO dd;
+
+ALTER TABLE c_star* RENAME COLUMN c TO cc;
+
+ALTER TABLE b_star* RENAME COLUMN b TO bb;
+
+ALTER TABLE a_star* RENAME COLUMN a TO aa;
+
+SELECT class, aa
+   FROM a_star* x
+   WHERE aa ISNULL;
+
+-- As of Postgres 7.1, ALTER implicitly recurses,
+-- so this should be same as ALTER a_star*
+
+ALTER TABLE a_star RENAME COLUMN aa TO foo;
+
+SELECT class, foo
+   FROM a_star* x
+   WHERE x.foo >= 2;
+
+ALTER TABLE a_star RENAME COLUMN foo TO aa;
+
+SELECT *
+   from a_star*
+   WHERE aa < 1000;
+
+ALTER TABLE f_star ADD COLUMN f int4;
+
+UPDATE f_star SET f = 10;
+
+ALTER TABLE e_star* ADD COLUMN e int4;
+
+--UPDATE e_star* SET e = 42;
+
+SELECT * FROM e_star*;
+
+ALTER TABLE a_star* ADD COLUMN a text;
+
+-- That ALTER TABLE should have added TOAST tables.
+SELECT relname, reltoastrelid <> 0 AS has_toast_table
+   FROM pg_class
+   WHERE oid::regclass IN ('a_star', 'c_star')
+   ORDER BY 1;
+
+--UPDATE b_star*
+--   SET a = text 'gazpacho'
+--   WHERE aa > 4;
+
+SELECT class, aa, a FROM a_star*;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_operator.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_operator.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f53e24d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_operator.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_OPERATOR
+--
+
+CREATE OPERATOR ## (
+   leftarg = path,
+   rightarg = path,
+   function = path_inter,
+   commutator = ##
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR @#@ (
+   rightarg = int8,		-- prefix
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR #%# (
+   leftarg = int8,		-- fail, postfix is no longer supported
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+
+-- Test operator created above
+SELECT @#@ 24;
+
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON OPERATOR ###### (NONE, int4) IS 'bad prefix';
+COMMENT ON OPERATOR ###### (int4, NONE) IS 'bad postfix';
+COMMENT ON OPERATOR ###### (int4, int8) IS 'bad infix';
+
+-- Check that DROP on a nonexistent op behaves sanely, too
+DROP OPERATOR ###### (NONE, int4);
+DROP OPERATOR ###### (int4, NONE);
+DROP OPERATOR ###### (int4, int8);
+
+-- => is disallowed as an operator name now
+CREATE OPERATOR => (
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+
+-- lexing of <=, >=, <>, != has a number of edge cases
+-- (=> is tested elsewhere)
+
+-- this is legal because ! is not allowed in sql ops
+CREATE OPERATOR !=- (
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+SELECT !=- 10;
+-- postfix operators don't work anymore
+SELECT 10 !=-;
+-- make sure lexer returns != as <> even in edge cases
+SELECT 2 !=/**/ 1, 2 !=/**/ 2;
+SELECT 2 !=-- comment to be removed by psql
+  1;
+DO $$ -- use DO to protect -- from psql
+  declare r boolean;
+  begin
+    execute $e$ select 2 !=-- comment
+      1 $e$ into r;
+    raise info 'r = %', r;
+  end;
+$$;
+
+-- check that <= etc. followed by more operator characters are returned
+-- as the correct token with correct precedence
+SELECT true<>-1 BETWEEN 1 AND 1;  -- BETWEEN has prec. above <> but below Op
+SELECT false<>/**/1 BETWEEN 1 AND 1;
+SELECT false<=-1 BETWEEN 1 AND 1;
+SELECT false>=-1 BETWEEN 1 AND 1;
+SELECT 2<=/**/3, 3>=/**/2, 2<>/**/3;
+SELECT 3<=/**/2, 2>=/**/3, 2<>/**/2;
+
+-- Should fail. CREATE OPERATOR requires USAGE on SCHEMA
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_op1;
+CREATE SCHEMA schema_op1;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA schema_op1 TO PUBLIC;
+REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMA schema_op1 FROM regress_rol_op1;
+SET ROLE regress_rol_op1;
+CREATE OPERATOR schema_op1.#*# (
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+
+-- Should fail. SETOF type functions not allowed as argument (testing leftarg)
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   leftarg = SETOF int8,
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+
+-- Should fail. SETOF type functions not allowed as argument (testing rightarg)
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   rightarg = SETOF int8,
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+
+-- Should work. Sample text-book case
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_op2(boolean, boolean)
+RETURNS boolean AS $$
+    SELECT NULL::BOOLEAN;
+$$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE OPERATOR === (
+    LEFTARG = boolean,
+    RIGHTARG = boolean,
+    PROCEDURE = fn_op2,
+    COMMUTATOR = ===,
+    NEGATOR = !==,
+    RESTRICT = contsel,
+    JOIN = contjoinsel,
+    SORT1, SORT2, LTCMP, GTCMP, HASHES, MERGES
+);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Should fail. Invalid attribute
+CREATE OPERATOR #@%# (
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = factorial,
+   invalid_att = int8
+);
+
+-- Should fail. At least rightarg should be mandatorily specified
+CREATE OPERATOR #@%# (
+   procedure = factorial
+);
+
+-- Should fail. Procedure should be mandatorily specified
+CREATE OPERATOR #@%# (
+   rightarg = int8
+);
+
+-- Should fail. CREATE OPERATOR requires USAGE on TYPE
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_op3;
+CREATE TYPE type_op3 AS ENUM ('new', 'open', 'closed');
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_op3(type_op3, int8)
+RETURNS int8 AS $$
+    SELECT NULL::int8;
+$$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op3 FROM regress_rol_op3;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op3 FROM PUBLIC;  -- Need to do this so that regress_rol_op3 is not allowed USAGE via PUBLIC
+SET ROLE regress_rol_op3;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   leftarg = type_op3,
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = fn_op3
+);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Should fail. CREATE OPERATOR requires USAGE on TYPE (need to check separately for rightarg)
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_op4;
+CREATE TYPE type_op4 AS ENUM ('new', 'open', 'closed');
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_op4(int8, type_op4)
+RETURNS int8 AS $$
+    SELECT NULL::int8;
+$$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op4 FROM regress_rol_op4;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op4 FROM PUBLIC;  -- Need to do this so that regress_rol_op3 is not allowed USAGE via PUBLIC
+SET ROLE regress_rol_op4;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   leftarg = int8,
+   rightarg = type_op4,
+   procedure = fn_op4
+);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Should fail. CREATE OPERATOR requires EXECUTE on function
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_op5;
+CREATE TYPE type_op5 AS ENUM ('new', 'open', 'closed');
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_op5(int8, int8)
+RETURNS int8 AS $$
+    SELECT NULL::int8;
+$$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+REVOKE EXECUTE ON FUNCTION fn_op5(int8, int8) FROM regress_rol_op5;
+REVOKE EXECUTE ON FUNCTION fn_op5(int8, int8) FROM PUBLIC;-- Need to do this so that regress_rol_op3 is not allowed EXECUTE via PUBLIC
+SET ROLE regress_rol_op5;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   leftarg = int8,
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = fn_op5
+);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Should fail. CREATE OPERATOR requires USAGE on return TYPE
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_op6;
+CREATE TYPE type_op6 AS ENUM ('new', 'open', 'closed');
+CREATE FUNCTION fn_op6(int8, int8)
+RETURNS type_op6 AS $$
+    SELECT NULL::type_op6;
+$$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op6 FROM regress_rol_op6;
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE type_op6 FROM PUBLIC;  -- Need to do this so that regress_rol_op3 is not allowed USAGE via PUBLIC
+SET ROLE regress_rol_op6;
+CREATE OPERATOR #*# (
+   leftarg = int8,
+   rightarg = int8,
+   procedure = fn_op6
+);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE OPERATOR ===
+(
+	"Leftarg" = box,
+	"Rightarg" = box,
+	"Procedure" = area_equal_function,
+	"Commutator" = ===,
+	"Negator" = !==,
+	"Restrict" = area_restriction_function,
+	"Join" = area_join_function,
+	"Hashes",
+	"Merges"
+);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_procedure.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_procedure.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75cc0fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_procedure.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+CALL nonexistent();  -- error
+CALL random();  -- error
+
+CREATE FUNCTION cp_testfunc1(a int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT a $$;
+
+CREATE TABLE cp_test (a int, b text);
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest1(x text)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES (1, x);
+$$;
+
+\df ptest1
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('ptest1'::regproc);
+
+-- show only normal functions
+\dfn public.*test*1
+
+-- show only procedures
+\dfp public.*test*1
+
+SELECT ptest1('x');  -- error
+CALL ptest1('a');  -- ok
+CALL ptest1('xy' || 'zzy');  -- ok, constant-folded arg
+CALL ptest1(substring(random()::numeric(20,15)::text, 1, 1));  -- ok, volatile arg
+
+SELECT * FROM cp_test ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+
+
+-- SQL-standard body
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest1s(x text)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+  INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES (1, x);
+END;
+
+\df ptest1s
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('ptest1s'::regproc);
+
+CALL ptest1s('b');
+
+SELECT * FROM cp_test ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
+
+-- utitlity functions currently not supported here
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx()
+LANGUAGE SQL
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+  CREATE TABLE x (a int);
+END;
+
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest2()
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+SELECT 5;
+$$;
+
+CALL ptest2();
+
+
+-- nested CALL
+TRUNCATE cp_test;
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest3(y text)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+CALL ptest1(y);
+CALL ptest1($1);
+$$;
+
+CALL ptest3('b');
+
+SELECT * FROM cp_test;
+
+
+-- output arguments
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest4a(INOUT a int, INOUT b int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+SELECT 1, 2;
+$$;
+
+CALL ptest4a(NULL, NULL);
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest4b(INOUT b int, INOUT a int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+CALL ptest4a(a, b);  -- error, not supported
+$$;
+
+DROP PROCEDURE ptest4a;
+
+
+-- named and default parameters
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE ptest5(a int, b text, c int default 100)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES(a, b);
+INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES(c, b);
+$$;
+
+TRUNCATE cp_test;
+
+CALL ptest5(10, 'Hello', 20);
+CALL ptest5(10, 'Hello');
+CALL ptest5(10, b => 'Hello');
+CALL ptest5(b => 'Hello', a => 10);
+
+SELECT * FROM cp_test;
+
+
+-- polymorphic types
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest6(a int, b anyelement)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+SELECT NULL::int;
+$$;
+
+CALL ptest6(1, 2);
+
+
+-- collation assignment
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest7(a text, b text)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+SELECT a = b;
+$$;
+
+CALL ptest7(least('a', 'b'), 'a');
+
+
+-- empty body
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest8(x text)
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+END;
+
+\df ptest8
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('ptest8'::regproc);
+CALL ptest8('');
+
+
+-- OUT parameters
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest9(OUT a int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES (1, 'a');
+SELECT 1;
+$$;
+
+-- standard way to do a call:
+CALL ptest9(NULL);
+-- you can write an expression, but it's not evaluated
+CALL ptest9(1/0);  -- no error
+-- ... and it had better match the type of the parameter
+CALL ptest9(1./0.);  -- error
+
+-- check named-parameter matching
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest10(OUT a int, IN b int, IN c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT b - c $$;
+
+CALL ptest10(null, 7, 4);
+CALL ptest10(a => null, b => 8, c => 2);
+CALL ptest10(null, 7, c => 2);
+CALL ptest10(null, c => 4, b => 11);
+CALL ptest10(b => 8, c => 2, a => 0);
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest11(a OUT int, VARIADIC b int[]) LANGUAGE SQL
+  AS $$ SELECT b[1] + b[2] $$;
+
+CALL ptest11(null, 11, 12, 13);
+
+-- check resolution of ambiguous DROP commands
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptest10(IN a int, IN b int, IN c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT a + b - c $$;
+
+\df ptest10
+
+drop procedure ptest10;  -- fail
+drop procedure ptest10(int, int, int);  -- fail
+begin;
+drop procedure ptest10(out int, int, int);
+\df ptest10
+drop procedure ptest10(int, int, int);  -- now this would work
+rollback;
+begin;
+drop procedure ptest10(in int, int, int);
+\df ptest10
+drop procedure ptest10(int, int, int);  -- now this would work
+rollback;
+
+-- various error cases
+
+CALL version();  -- error: not a procedure
+CALL sum(1);  -- error: not a procedure
+
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx() LANGUAGE SQL WINDOW AS $$ INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES (1, 'a') $$;
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx() LANGUAGE SQL STRICT AS $$ INSERT INTO cp_test VALUES (1, 'a') $$;
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx(a VARIADIC int[], b OUT int) LANGUAGE SQL
+  AS $$ SELECT a[1] $$;
+CREATE PROCEDURE ptestx(a int DEFAULT 42, b OUT int) LANGUAGE SQL
+  AS $$ SELECT a $$;
+
+ALTER PROCEDURE ptest1(text) STRICT;
+ALTER FUNCTION ptest1(text) VOLATILE;  -- error: not a function
+ALTER PROCEDURE cp_testfunc1(int) VOLATILE;  -- error: not a procedure
+ALTER PROCEDURE nonexistent() VOLATILE;
+
+DROP FUNCTION ptest1(text);  -- error: not a function
+DROP PROCEDURE cp_testfunc1(int);  -- error: not a procedure
+DROP PROCEDURE nonexistent();
+
+
+-- privileges
+
+CREATE USER regress_cp_user1;
+GRANT INSERT ON cp_test TO regress_cp_user1;
+REVOKE EXECUTE ON PROCEDURE ptest1(text) FROM PUBLIC;
+SET ROLE regress_cp_user1;
+CALL ptest1('a');  -- error
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT EXECUTE ON PROCEDURE ptest1(text) TO regress_cp_user1;
+SET ROLE regress_cp_user1;
+CALL ptest1('a');  -- ok
+RESET ROLE;
+
+
+-- ROUTINE syntax
+
+ALTER ROUTINE cp_testfunc1(int) RENAME TO cp_testfunc1a;
+ALTER ROUTINE cp_testfunc1a RENAME TO cp_testfunc1;
+
+ALTER ROUTINE ptest1(text) RENAME TO ptest1a;
+ALTER ROUTINE ptest1a RENAME TO ptest1;
+
+DROP ROUTINE cp_testfunc1(int);
+
+
+-- cleanup
+
+DROP PROCEDURE ptest1;
+DROP PROCEDURE ptest1s;
+DROP PROCEDURE ptest2;
+
+DROP TABLE cp_test;
+
+DROP USER regress_cp_user1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_role.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_role.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..292dc08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_role.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+-- ok, superuser can create users with any set of privileges
+CREATE ROLE regress_role_super SUPERUSER;
+CREATE ROLE regress_role_admin CREATEDB CREATEROLE REPLICATION BYPASSRLS;
+
+-- fail, only superusers can create users with these privileges
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_role_admin;
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_superuser SUPERUSER;
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_replication_bypassrls REPLICATION BYPASSRLS;
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_replication REPLICATION;
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_bypassrls BYPASSRLS;
+
+-- ok, having CREATEROLE is enough to create users with these privileges
+CREATE ROLE regress_createdb CREATEDB;
+CREATE ROLE regress_createrole CREATEROLE;
+CREATE ROLE regress_login LOGIN;
+CREATE ROLE regress_inherit INHERIT;
+CREATE ROLE regress_connection_limit CONNECTION LIMIT 5;
+CREATE ROLE regress_encrypted_password ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'foo';
+CREATE ROLE regress_password_null PASSWORD NULL;
+
+-- ok, backwards compatible noise words should be ignored
+CREATE ROLE regress_noiseword SYSID 12345;
+
+-- fail, cannot grant membership in superuser role
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_super IN ROLE regress_role_super;
+
+-- fail, database owner cannot have members
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_dbowner IN ROLE pg_database_owner;
+
+-- ok, can grant other users into a role
+CREATE ROLE regress_inroles ROLE
+	regress_role_super, regress_createdb, regress_createrole, regress_login,
+	regress_inherit, regress_connection_limit, regress_encrypted_password, regress_password_null;
+
+-- fail, cannot grant a role into itself
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_recursive ROLE regress_nosuch_recursive;
+
+-- ok, can grant other users into a role with admin option
+CREATE ROLE regress_adminroles ADMIN
+	regress_role_super, regress_createdb, regress_createrole, regress_login,
+	regress_inherit, regress_connection_limit, regress_encrypted_password, regress_password_null;
+
+-- fail, cannot grant a role into itself with admin option
+CREATE ROLE regress_nosuch_admin_recursive ADMIN regress_nosuch_admin_recursive;
+
+-- fail, regress_createrole does not have CREATEDB privilege
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_createrole;
+CREATE DATABASE regress_nosuch_db;
+
+-- ok, regress_createrole can create new roles
+CREATE ROLE regress_plainrole;
+
+-- ok, roles with CREATEROLE can create new roles with it
+CREATE ROLE regress_rolecreator CREATEROLE;
+
+-- ok, roles with CREATEROLE can create new roles with privilege they lack
+CREATE ROLE regress_tenant CREATEDB CREATEROLE LOGIN INHERIT CONNECTION LIMIT 5;
+
+-- ok, regress_tenant can create objects within the database
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_tenant;
+CREATE TABLE tenant_table (i integer);
+CREATE INDEX tenant_idx ON tenant_table(i);
+CREATE VIEW tenant_view AS SELECT * FROM pg_catalog.pg_class;
+REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON tenant_table FROM PUBLIC;
+
+-- fail, these objects belonging to regress_tenant
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_createrole;
+DROP INDEX tenant_idx;
+ALTER TABLE tenant_table ADD COLUMN t text;
+DROP TABLE tenant_table;
+ALTER VIEW tenant_view OWNER TO regress_role_admin;
+DROP VIEW tenant_view;
+
+-- fail, cannot take ownership of these objects from regress_tenant
+REASSIGN OWNED BY regress_tenant TO regress_createrole;
+
+-- ok, having CREATEROLE is enough to create roles in privileged roles
+CREATE ROLE regress_read_all_data IN ROLE pg_read_all_data;
+CREATE ROLE regress_write_all_data IN ROLE pg_write_all_data;
+CREATE ROLE regress_monitor IN ROLE pg_monitor;
+CREATE ROLE regress_read_all_settings IN ROLE pg_read_all_settings;
+CREATE ROLE regress_read_all_stats IN ROLE pg_read_all_stats;
+CREATE ROLE regress_stat_scan_tables IN ROLE pg_stat_scan_tables;
+CREATE ROLE regress_read_server_files IN ROLE pg_read_server_files;
+CREATE ROLE regress_write_server_files IN ROLE pg_write_server_files;
+CREATE ROLE regress_execute_server_program IN ROLE pg_execute_server_program;
+CREATE ROLE regress_signal_backend IN ROLE pg_signal_backend;
+
+-- fail, creation of these roles failed above so they do not now exist
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_role_admin;
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_superuser;
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_replication_bypassrls;
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_replication;
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_bypassrls;
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_super;
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_dbowner;
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_recursive;
+DROP ROLE regress_nosuch_admin_recursive;
+DROP ROLE regress_plainrole;
+
+-- ok, should be able to drop non-superuser roles we created
+DROP ROLE regress_createdb;
+DROP ROLE regress_createrole;
+DROP ROLE regress_login;
+DROP ROLE regress_inherit;
+DROP ROLE regress_connection_limit;
+DROP ROLE regress_encrypted_password;
+DROP ROLE regress_password_null;
+DROP ROLE regress_noiseword;
+DROP ROLE regress_inroles;
+DROP ROLE regress_adminroles;
+DROP ROLE regress_rolecreator;
+DROP ROLE regress_read_all_data;
+DROP ROLE regress_write_all_data;
+DROP ROLE regress_monitor;
+DROP ROLE regress_read_all_settings;
+DROP ROLE regress_read_all_stats;
+DROP ROLE regress_stat_scan_tables;
+DROP ROLE regress_read_server_files;
+DROP ROLE regress_write_server_files;
+DROP ROLE regress_execute_server_program;
+DROP ROLE regress_signal_backend;
+
+-- fail, role still owns database objects
+DROP ROLE regress_tenant;
+
+-- fail, cannot drop ourself nor superusers
+DROP ROLE regress_role_super;
+DROP ROLE regress_role_admin;
+
+-- ok
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP INDEX tenant_idx;
+DROP TABLE tenant_table;
+DROP VIEW tenant_view;
+DROP ROLE regress_tenant;
+DROP ROLE regress_role_admin;
+DROP ROLE regress_role_super;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_schema.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_schema.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b70642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_schema.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_SCHEMA
+--
+
+-- Schema creation with elements.
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_create_schema_role SUPERUSER;
+
+-- Cases where schema creation fails as objects are qualified with a schema
+-- that does not match with what's expected.
+-- This checks all the object types that include schema qualifications.
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE SEQUENCE schema_not_existing.seq;
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE TABLE schema_not_existing.tab (id int);
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE VIEW schema_not_existing.view AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE INDEX ON schema_not_existing.tab (id);
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE TRIGGER schema_trig BEFORE INSERT ON schema_not_existing.tab
+  EXECUTE FUNCTION schema_trig.no_func();
+-- Again, with a role specification and no schema names.
+SET ROLE regress_create_schema_role;
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE SEQUENCE schema_not_existing.seq;
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TABLE schema_not_existing.tab (id int);
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE VIEW schema_not_existing.view AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE INDEX ON schema_not_existing.tab (id);
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TRIGGER schema_trig BEFORE INSERT ON schema_not_existing.tab
+  EXECUTE FUNCTION schema_trig.no_func();
+-- Again, with a schema name and a role specification.
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE SEQUENCE schema_not_existing.seq;
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TABLE schema_not_existing.tab (id int);
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE VIEW schema_not_existing.view AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE INDEX ON schema_not_existing.tab (id);
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TRIGGER schema_trig BEFORE INSERT ON schema_not_existing.tab
+  EXECUTE FUNCTION schema_trig.no_func();
+RESET ROLE;
+
+-- Cases where the schema creation succeeds.
+-- The schema created matches the role name.
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION regress_create_schema_role
+  CREATE TABLE regress_create_schema_role.tab (id int);
+\d regress_create_schema_role.tab
+DROP SCHEMA regress_create_schema_role CASCADE;
+-- Again, with a different role specification and no schema names.
+SET ROLE regress_create_schema_role;
+CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TABLE regress_create_schema_role.tab (id int);
+\d regress_create_schema_role.tab
+DROP SCHEMA regress_create_schema_role CASCADE;
+-- Again, with a schema name and a role specification.
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_1 AUTHORIZATION CURRENT_ROLE
+  CREATE TABLE regress_schema_1.tab (id int);
+\d regress_schema_1.tab
+DROP SCHEMA regress_schema_1 CASCADE;
+RESET ROLE;
+
+-- Clean up
+DROP ROLE regress_create_schema_role;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5175f40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,735 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_TABLE
+--
+
+-- Error cases
+CREATE TABLE unknowntab (
+	u unknown    -- fail
+);
+
+CREATE TYPE unknown_comptype AS (
+	u unknown    -- fail
+);
+
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted reloptions identifiers
+CREATE TABLE tas_case WITH ("Fillfactor" = 10) AS SELECT 1 a;
+
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged1 (a int primary key);			-- OK
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE unlogged2 (a int primary key);			-- OK
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged\d' ORDER BY relname;
+REINDEX INDEX unlogged1_pkey;
+REINDEX INDEX unlogged2_pkey;
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged\d' ORDER BY relname;
+DROP TABLE unlogged2;
+INSERT INTO unlogged1 VALUES (42);
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE public.unlogged2 (a int primary key);		-- also OK
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE pg_temp.unlogged3 (a int primary key);	-- not OK
+CREATE TABLE pg_temp.implicitly_temp (a int primary key);		-- OK
+CREATE TEMP TABLE explicitly_temp (a int primary key);			-- also OK
+CREATE TEMP TABLE pg_temp.doubly_temp (a int primary key);		-- also OK
+CREATE TEMP TABLE public.temp_to_perm (a int primary key);		-- not OK
+DROP TABLE unlogged1, public.unlogged2;
+
+CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS SELECT * FROM pg_class WHERE relkind = 'r';
+CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS SELECT * FROM pg_class WHERE relkind = 'r';
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS as_select1 AS SELECT * FROM pg_class WHERE relkind = 'r';
+DROP TABLE as_select1;
+
+PREPARE select1 AS SELECT 1 as a;
+CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS EXECUTE select1;
+CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS EXECUTE select1;
+SELECT * FROM as_select1;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS as_select1 AS EXECUTE select1;
+DROP TABLE as_select1;
+DEALLOCATE select1;
+
+-- create an extra wide table to test for issues related to that
+-- (temporarily hide query, to avoid the long CREATE TABLE stmt)
+\set ECHO none
+SELECT 'CREATE TABLE extra_wide_table(firstc text, '|| array_to_string(array_agg('c'||i||' bool'),',')||', lastc text);'
+FROM generate_series(1, 1100) g(i)
+\gexec
+\set ECHO all
+INSERT INTO extra_wide_table(firstc, lastc) VALUES('first col', 'last col');
+SELECT firstc, lastc FROM extra_wide_table;
+
+-- check that tables with oids cannot be created anymore
+CREATE TABLE withoid() WITH OIDS;
+CREATE TABLE withoid() WITH (oids);
+CREATE TABLE withoid() WITH (oids = true);
+
+-- but explicitly not adding oids is still supported
+CREATE TEMP TABLE withoutoid() WITHOUT OIDS; DROP TABLE withoutoid;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE withoutoid() WITH (oids = false); DROP TABLE withoutoid;
+
+-- check restriction with default expressions
+-- invalid use of column reference in default expressions
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_column (id int DEFAULT (id));
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_column (id int DEFAULT (bar.id));
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg_column (id int DEFAULT (avg(id)));
+-- invalid column definition
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_non_column (a int DEFAULT (avg(non_existent)));
+-- invalid use of aggregate
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (avg(1)));
+-- invalid use of subquery
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (select 1));
+-- invalid use of set-returning function
+CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (generate_series(1,3)));
+
+-- Verify that subtransaction rollback restores rd_createSubid.
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE remember_create_subid (c int);
+SAVEPOINT q; DROP TABLE remember_create_subid; ROLLBACK TO q;
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE remember_create_subid;
+
+-- Verify that subtransaction rollback restores rd_firstRelfilenodeSubid.
+CREATE TABLE remember_node_subid (c int);
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE remember_node_subid ALTER c TYPE bigint;
+SAVEPOINT q; DROP TABLE remember_node_subid; ROLLBACK TO q;
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE remember_node_subid;
+
+--
+-- Partitioned tables
+--
+
+-- cannot combine INHERITS and PARTITION BY (although grammar allows)
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) INHERITS (some_table) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+
+-- cannot use more than 1 column as partition key for list partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a1 int,
+	a2 int
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a1, a2);	-- fail
+
+-- unsupported constraint type for partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	EXCLUDE USING gist (a WITH &&)
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+
+-- prevent using prohibited expressions in the key
+CREATE FUNCTION retset (a int) RETURNS SETOF int AS $$ SELECT 1; $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (retset(a));
+DROP FUNCTION retset(int);
+
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE ((avg(a)));
+
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE ((avg(a) OVER (PARTITION BY b)));
+
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY LIST ((a LIKE (SELECT 1)));
+
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE ((42));
+
+CREATE FUNCTION const_func () RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT 1; $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (const_func());
+DROP FUNCTION const_func();
+
+-- only accept valid partitioning strategy
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+    a int
+) PARTITION BY MAGIC (a);
+
+-- specified column must be present in the table
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+
+-- cannot use system columns in partition key
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (xmin);
+
+-- cannot use pseudotypes
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (((a, b)));
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, ('unknown'));
+
+-- functions in key must be immutable
+CREATE FUNCTION immut_func (a int) RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT a + random()::int; $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (immut_func(a));
+DROP FUNCTION immut_func(int);
+
+-- prevent using columns of unsupported types in key (type must have a btree operator class)
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a point
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a point
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a point_ops);
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a point
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a point
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a point_ops);
+
+-- cannot add NO INHERIT constraints to partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a > 0) NO INHERIT
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+
+-- some checks after successful creation of a partitioned table
+CREATE FUNCTION plusone(a int) RETURNS INT AS $$ SELECT a+1; $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE TABLE partitioned (
+	a int,
+	b int,
+	c text,
+	d text
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a oid_ops, plusone(b), c collate "default", d collate "C");
+
+-- check relkind
+SELECT relkind FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'partitioned';
+
+-- prevent a function referenced in partition key from being dropped
+DROP FUNCTION plusone(int);
+
+-- partitioned table cannot participate in regular inheritance
+CREATE TABLE partitioned2 (
+	a int,
+	b text
+) PARTITION BY RANGE ((a+1), substr(b, 1, 5));
+CREATE TABLE fail () INHERITS (partitioned2);
+
+-- Partition key in describe output
+\d partitioned
+\d+ partitioned2
+
+INSERT INTO partitioned2 VALUES (1, 'hello');
+CREATE TABLE part2_1 PARTITION OF partitioned2 FOR VALUES FROM (-1, 'aaaaa') TO (100, 'ccccc');
+\d+ part2_1
+
+DROP TABLE partitioned, partitioned2;
+
+-- check reference to partitioned table's rowtype in partition descriptor
+create table partitioned (a int, b int)
+  partition by list ((row(a, b)::partitioned));
+create table partitioned1
+  partition of partitioned for values in ('(1,2)'::partitioned);
+create table partitioned2
+  partition of partitioned for values in ('(2,4)'::partitioned);
+explain (costs off)
+select * from partitioned where row(a,b)::partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned;
+drop table partitioned;
+
+-- whole-row Var in partition key works too
+create table partitioned (a int, b int)
+  partition by list ((partitioned));
+create table partitioned1
+  partition of partitioned for values in ('(1,2)');
+create table partitioned2
+  partition of partitioned for values in ('(2,4)');
+explain (costs off)
+select * from partitioned where partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned;
+\d+ partitioned1
+drop table partitioned;
+
+-- check that dependencies of partition columns are handled correctly
+create domain intdom1 as int;
+
+create table partitioned (
+	a intdom1,
+	b text
+) partition by range (a);
+
+alter table partitioned drop column a;  -- fail
+
+drop domain intdom1;  -- fail, requires cascade
+
+drop domain intdom1 cascade;
+
+table partitioned;  -- gone
+
+-- likewise for columns used in partition expressions
+create domain intdom1 as int;
+
+create table partitioned (
+	a intdom1,
+	b text
+) partition by range (plusone(a));
+
+alter table partitioned drop column a;  -- fail
+
+drop domain intdom1;  -- fail, requires cascade
+
+drop domain intdom1 cascade;
+
+table partitioned;  -- gone
+
+
+--
+-- Partitions
+--
+
+-- check partition bound syntax
+
+CREATE TABLE list_parted (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE part_p1 PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ('1');
+CREATE TABLE part_p2 PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE TABLE part_p3 PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((2+1));
+CREATE TABLE part_null PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (null);
+\d+ list_parted
+
+-- forbidden expressions for partition bound with list partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (somename);
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (somename.somename);
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (a);
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(a));
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(somename));
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(1));
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((select 1));
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (generate_series(4, 6));
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((1+1) collate "POSIX");
+
+-- syntax does not allow empty list of values for list partitions
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ();
+-- trying to specify range for list partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (2);
+-- trying to specify modulus and remainder for list partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 1);
+
+-- check default partition cannot be created more than once
+CREATE TABLE part_default PARTITION OF list_parted DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF list_parted DEFAULT;
+
+-- specified literal can't be cast to the partition column data type
+CREATE TABLE bools (
+	a bool
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE bools_true PARTITION OF bools FOR VALUES IN (1);
+DROP TABLE bools;
+
+-- specified literal can be cast, and the cast might not be immutable
+CREATE TABLE moneyp (
+	a money
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE moneyp_10 PARTITION OF moneyp FOR VALUES IN (10);
+CREATE TABLE moneyp_11 PARTITION OF moneyp FOR VALUES IN ('11');
+CREATE TABLE moneyp_12 PARTITION OF moneyp FOR VALUES IN (to_char(12, '99')::int);
+DROP TABLE moneyp;
+
+-- cast is immutable
+CREATE TABLE bigintp (
+	a bigint
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE bigintp_10 PARTITION OF bigintp FOR VALUES IN (10);
+-- fails due to overlap:
+CREATE TABLE bigintp_10_2 PARTITION OF bigintp FOR VALUES IN ('10');
+DROP TABLE bigintp;
+
+CREATE TABLE range_parted (
+	a date
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+
+-- forbidden expressions for partition bounds with range partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (somename) TO ('2019-01-01');
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (somename.somename) TO ('2019-01-01');
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (a) TO ('2019-01-01');
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (max(a)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (max(somename)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (max('2019-02-01'::date)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM ((select 1)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted
+  FOR VALUES FROM (generate_series(1, 3)) TO ('2019-01-01');
+
+-- trying to specify list for range partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+-- trying to specify modulus and remainder for range partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 1);
+-- each of start and end bounds must have same number of values as the
+-- length of the partition key
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a', 1) TO ('z');
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a') TO ('z', 1);
+
+-- cannot specify null values in range bounds
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM (null) TO (maxvalue);
+
+-- trying to specify modulus and remainder for range partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 1);
+
+-- check partition bound syntax for the hash partition
+CREATE TABLE hash_parted (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+CREATE TABLE hpart_1 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE hpart_2 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 50, REMAINDER 1);
+CREATE TABLE hpart_3 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 200, REMAINDER 2);
+CREATE TABLE hpart_4 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 3);
+-- modulus 25 is factor of modulus of 50 but 10 is not a factor of 25.
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 25, REMAINDER 3);
+-- previous modulus 50 is factor of 150 but this modulus is not a factor of next modulus 200.
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 150, REMAINDER 3);
+-- overlapping remainders
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 100, REMAINDER 3);
+-- trying to specify range for the hash partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a', 1) TO ('z');
+-- trying to specify list value for the hash partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES IN (1000);
+
+-- trying to create default partition for the hash partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF hash_parted DEFAULT;
+
+-- check if compatible with the specified parent
+
+-- cannot create as partition of a non-partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE unparted (
+	a int
+);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF unparted FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF unparted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+DROP TABLE unparted;
+
+-- cannot create a permanent rel as partition of a temp rel
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_parted (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF temp_parted FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+DROP TABLE temp_parted;
+
+-- check for partition bound overlap and other invalid specifications
+
+CREATE TABLE list_parted2 (
+	a varchar
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE part_null_z PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (null, 'z');
+CREATE TABLE part_ab PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('a', 'b');
+CREATE TABLE list_parted2_def PARTITION OF list_parted2 DEFAULT;
+
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (null);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('b', 'c');
+-- check default partition overlap
+INSERT INTO list_parted2 VALUES('X');
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('W', 'X', 'Y');
+
+CREATE TABLE range_parted2 (
+	a int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+
+-- trying to create range partition with empty range
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (0);
+-- note that the range '[1, 1)' has no elements
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (1);
+
+CREATE TABLE part0 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (1);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (2);
+CREATE TABLE part1 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (-1) TO (1);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (9) TO (maxvalue);
+CREATE TABLE part2 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+CREATE TABLE part3 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (40);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (30);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (50);
+
+-- Create a default partition for range partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE range2_default PARTITION OF range_parted2 DEFAULT;
+
+-- More than one default partition is not allowed, so this should give error
+CREATE TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 DEFAULT;
+
+-- Check if the range for default partitions overlap
+INSERT INTO range_parted2 VALUES (85);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (80) TO (90);
+CREATE TABLE part4 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (90) TO (100);
+
+-- now check for multi-column range partition key
+CREATE TABLE range_parted3 (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, (b+1));
+
+CREATE TABLE part00 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (0, minvalue) TO (0, maxvalue);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (0, minvalue) TO (0, 1);
+
+CREATE TABLE part10 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, minvalue) TO (1, 1);
+CREATE TABLE part11 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 1) TO (1, 10);
+CREATE TABLE part12 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 10) TO (1, maxvalue);
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 10) TO (1, 20);
+CREATE TABLE range3_default PARTITION OF range_parted3 DEFAULT;
+
+-- cannot create a partition that says column b is allowed to range
+-- from -infinity to +infinity, while there exist partitions that have
+-- more specific ranges
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, minvalue) TO (1, maxvalue);
+
+-- check for partition bound overlap and other invalid specifications for the hash partition
+CREATE TABLE hash_parted2 (
+	a varchar
+) PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+CREATE TABLE h2part_1 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 2);
+CREATE TABLE h2part_2 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE h2part_3 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 4);
+CREATE TABLE h2part_4 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 5);
+-- overlap with part_4
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+-- modulus must be greater than zero
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 0, REMAINDER 1);
+-- remainder must be greater than or equal to zero and less than modulus
+CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 8);
+
+-- check schema propagation from parent
+
+CREATE TABLE parted (
+	a text,
+	b int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (length(a) > 0)
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+
+CREATE TABLE part_a PARTITION OF parted FOR VALUES IN ('a');
+
+-- only inherited attributes (never local ones)
+SELECT attname, attislocal, attinhcount FROM pg_attribute
+  WHERE attrelid = 'part_a'::regclass and attnum > 0
+  ORDER BY attnum;
+
+-- able to specify column default, column constraint, and table constraint
+
+-- first check the "column specified more than once" error
+CREATE TABLE part_b PARTITION OF parted (
+	b NOT NULL,
+	b DEFAULT 1,
+	b CHECK (b >= 0),
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (length(a) > 0)
+) FOR VALUES IN ('b');
+
+CREATE TABLE part_b PARTITION OF parted (
+	b NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+	CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (length(a) > 0),
+	CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b >= 0)
+) FOR VALUES IN ('b');
+-- conislocal should be false for any merged constraints, true otherwise
+SELECT conislocal, coninhcount FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_b'::regclass ORDER BY conislocal, coninhcount;
+
+-- Once check_b is added to the parent, it should be made non-local for part_b
+ALTER TABLE parted ADD CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b >= 0);
+SELECT conislocal, coninhcount FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_b'::regclass;
+
+-- Neither check_a nor check_b are droppable from part_b
+ALTER TABLE part_b DROP CONSTRAINT check_a;
+ALTER TABLE part_b DROP CONSTRAINT check_b;
+
+-- And dropping it from parted should leave no trace of them on part_b, unlike
+-- traditional inheritance where they will be left behind, because they would
+-- be local constraints.
+ALTER TABLE parted DROP CONSTRAINT check_a, DROP CONSTRAINT check_b;
+SELECT conislocal, coninhcount FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_b'::regclass;
+
+-- specify PARTITION BY for a partition
+CREATE TABLE fail_part_col_not_found PARTITION OF parted FOR VALUES IN ('c') PARTITION BY RANGE (c);
+CREATE TABLE part_c PARTITION OF parted (b WITH OPTIONS NOT NULL DEFAULT 0) FOR VALUES IN ('c') PARTITION BY RANGE ((b));
+
+-- create a level-2 partition
+CREATE TABLE part_c_1_10 PARTITION OF part_c FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+
+-- check that NOT NULL and default value are inherited correctly
+create table parted_notnull_inh_test (a int default 1, b int not null default 0) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_notnull_inh_test1 partition of parted_notnull_inh_test (a not null, b default 1) for values in (1);
+insert into parted_notnull_inh_test (b) values (null);
+-- note that while b's default is overridden, a's default is preserved
+\d parted_notnull_inh_test1
+drop table parted_notnull_inh_test;
+
+-- check that collations are assigned in partition bound expressions
+create table parted_boolean_col (a bool, b text) partition by list(a);
+create table parted_boolean_less partition of parted_boolean_col
+  for values in ('foo' < 'bar');
+create table parted_boolean_greater partition of parted_boolean_col
+  for values in ('foo' > 'bar');
+drop table parted_boolean_col;
+
+-- check for a conflicting COLLATE clause
+create table parted_collate_must_match (a text collate "C", b text collate "C")
+  partition by range (a);
+-- on the partition key
+create table parted_collate_must_match1 partition of parted_collate_must_match
+  (a collate "POSIX") for values from ('a') to ('m');
+-- on another column
+create table parted_collate_must_match2 partition of parted_collate_must_match
+  (b collate "POSIX") for values from ('m') to ('z');
+drop table parted_collate_must_match;
+
+-- check that non-matching collations for partition bound
+-- expressions are coerced to the right collation
+
+create table test_part_coll_posix (a text) partition by range (a collate "POSIX");
+-- ok, collation is implicitly coerced
+create table test_part_coll partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from ('a' collate "C") to ('g');
+-- ok
+create table test_part_coll2 partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from ('g') to ('m');
+-- ok, collation is implicitly coerced
+create table test_part_coll_cast partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from (name 'm' collate "C") to ('s');
+-- ok; partition collation silently overrides the default collation of type 'name'
+create table test_part_coll_cast2 partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from (name 's') to ('z');
+
+drop table test_part_coll_posix;
+
+-- Partition bound in describe output
+\d+ part_b
+
+-- Both partition bound and partition key in describe output
+\d+ part_c
+
+-- a level-2 partition's constraint will include the parent's expressions
+\d+ part_c_1_10
+
+-- Show partition count in the parent's describe output
+-- Tempted to include \d+ output listing partitions with bound info but
+-- output could vary depending on the order in which partition oids are
+-- returned.
+\d parted
+\d hash_parted
+
+-- check that we get the expected partition constraints
+CREATE TABLE range_parted4 (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE (abs(a), abs(b), c);
+CREATE TABLE unbounded_range_part PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO (MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE);
+\d+ unbounded_range_part
+DROP TABLE unbounded_range_part;
+CREATE TABLE range_parted4_1 PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO (1, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE);
+\d+ range_parted4_1
+CREATE TABLE range_parted4_2 PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (3, 4, 5) TO (6, 7, MAXVALUE);
+\d+ range_parted4_2
+CREATE TABLE range_parted4_3 PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (6, 8, MINVALUE) TO (9, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE);
+\d+ range_parted4_3
+DROP TABLE range_parted4;
+
+-- user-defined operator class in partition key
+CREATE FUNCTION my_int4_sort(int4,int4) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS $$ SELECT CASE WHEN $1 = $2 THEN 0 WHEN $1 > $2 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END; $$;
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_int4_ops FOR TYPE int4 USING btree AS
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4,int4), OPERATOR 2 <= (int4,int4),
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4,int4), OPERATOR 4 >= (int4,int4),
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4,int4), FUNCTION 1 my_int4_sort(int4,int4);
+CREATE TABLE partkey_t (a int4) PARTITION BY RANGE (a test_int4_ops);
+CREATE TABLE partkey_t_1 PARTITION OF partkey_t FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000);
+INSERT INTO partkey_t VALUES (100);
+INSERT INTO partkey_t VALUES (200);
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP TABLE parted, list_parted, range_parted, list_parted2, range_parted2, range_parted3;
+DROP TABLE partkey_t, hash_parted, hash_parted2;
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS test_int4_ops USING btree;
+DROP FUNCTION my_int4_sort(int4,int4);
+
+-- comments on partitioned tables columns
+CREATE TABLE parted_col_comment (a int, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+COMMENT ON TABLE parted_col_comment IS 'Am partitioned table';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN parted_col_comment.a IS 'Partition key';
+SELECT obj_description('parted_col_comment'::regclass);
+\d+ parted_col_comment
+DROP TABLE parted_col_comment;
+
+-- list partitioning on array type column
+CREATE TABLE arrlp (a int[]) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE arrlp12 PARTITION OF arrlp FOR VALUES IN ('{1}', '{2}');
+\d+ arrlp12
+DROP TABLE arrlp;
+
+-- partition on boolean column
+create table boolspart (a bool) partition by list (a);
+create table boolspart_t partition of boolspart for values in (true);
+create table boolspart_f partition of boolspart for values in (false);
+\d+ boolspart
+drop table boolspart;
+
+-- partitions mixing temporary and permanent relations
+create table perm_parted (a int) partition by list (a);
+create temporary table temp_parted (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table perm_part partition of temp_parted default; -- error
+create temp table temp_part partition of perm_parted default; -- error
+create temp table temp_part partition of temp_parted default; -- ok
+drop table perm_parted cascade;
+drop table temp_parted cascade;
+
+-- check that adding partitions to a table while it is being used is prevented
+create table tab_part_create (a int) partition by list (a);
+create or replace function func_part_create() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+  begin
+    execute 'create table tab_part_create_1 partition of tab_part_create for values in (1)';
+    return null;
+  end $$;
+create trigger trig_part_create before insert on tab_part_create
+  for each statement execute procedure func_part_create();
+insert into tab_part_create values (1);
+drop table tab_part_create;
+drop function func_part_create();
+
+-- test using a volatile expression as partition bound
+create table volatile_partbound_test (partkey timestamp) partition by range (partkey);
+create table volatile_partbound_test1 partition of volatile_partbound_test for values from (minvalue) to (current_timestamp);
+create table volatile_partbound_test2 partition of volatile_partbound_test for values from (current_timestamp) to (maxvalue);
+-- this should go into the partition volatile_partbound_test2
+insert into volatile_partbound_test values (current_timestamp);
+select tableoid::regclass from volatile_partbound_test;
+drop table volatile_partbound_test;
+
+-- test the case where a check constraint on default partition allows
+-- to avoid scanning it when adding a new partition
+create table defcheck (a int, b int) partition by list (b);
+create table defcheck_def (a int, c int, b int);
+alter table defcheck_def drop c;
+alter table defcheck attach partition defcheck_def default;
+alter table defcheck_def add check (b <= 0 and b is not null);
+create table defcheck_1 partition of defcheck for values in (1, null);
+
+-- test that complex default partition constraints are enforced correctly
+insert into defcheck_def values (0, 0);
+create table defcheck_0 partition of defcheck for values in (0);
+drop table defcheck;
+
+-- tests of column drop with partition tables and indexes using
+-- predicates and expressions.
+create table part_column_drop (
+  useless_1 int,
+  id int,
+  useless_2 int,
+  d int,
+  b int,
+  useless_3 int
+) partition by range (id);
+alter table part_column_drop drop column useless_1;
+alter table part_column_drop drop column useless_2;
+alter table part_column_drop drop column useless_3;
+create index part_column_drop_b_pred on part_column_drop(b) where b = 1;
+create index part_column_drop_b_expr on part_column_drop((b = 1));
+create index part_column_drop_d_pred on part_column_drop(d) where d = 2;
+create index part_column_drop_d_expr on part_column_drop((d = 2));
+create table part_column_drop_1_10 partition of
+  part_column_drop for values from (1) to (10);
+\d part_column_drop
+\d part_column_drop_1_10
+drop table part_column_drop;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_table_like.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_table_like.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4929d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_table_like.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/* Test inheritance of structure (LIKE) */
+CREATE TABLE inhx (xx text DEFAULT 'text');
+
+/*
+ * Test double inheritance
+ *
+ * Ensure that defaults are NOT included unless
+ * INCLUDING DEFAULTS is specified
+ */
+CREATE TABLE ctla (aa TEXT);
+CREATE TABLE ctlb (bb TEXT) INHERITS (ctla);
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (LIKE nonexistent);
+
+CREATE TABLE inhe (ee text, LIKE inhx) inherits (ctlb);
+INSERT INTO inhe VALUES ('ee-col1', 'ee-col2', DEFAULT, 'ee-col4');
+SELECT * FROM inhe; /* Columns aa, bb, xx value NULL, ee */
+SELECT * FROM inhx; /* Empty set since LIKE inherits structure only */
+SELECT * FROM ctlb; /* Has ee entry */
+SELECT * FROM ctla; /* Has ee entry */
+
+CREATE TABLE inhf (LIKE inhx, LIKE inhx); /* Throw error */
+
+CREATE TABLE inhf (LIKE inhx INCLUDING DEFAULTS INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+INSERT INTO inhf DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM inhf; /* Single entry with value 'text' */
+
+ALTER TABLE inhx add constraint foo CHECK (xx = 'text');
+ALTER TABLE inhx ADD PRIMARY KEY (xx);
+CREATE TABLE inhg (LIKE inhx); /* Doesn't copy constraint */
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES ('foo');
+DROP TABLE inhg;
+CREATE TABLE inhg (x text, LIKE inhx INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS, y text); /* Copies constraints */
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES ('x', 'text', 'y'); /* Succeeds */
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES ('x', 'text', 'y'); /* Succeeds -- Unique constraints not copied */
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES ('x', 'foo',  'y');  /* fails due to constraint */
+SELECT * FROM inhg; /* Two records with three columns in order x=x, xx=text, y=y */
+DROP TABLE inhg;
+
+CREATE TABLE test_like_id_1 (a bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text);
+\d test_like_id_1
+INSERT INTO test_like_id_1 (b) VALUES ('b1');
+SELECT * FROM test_like_id_1;
+CREATE TABLE test_like_id_2 (LIKE test_like_id_1);
+\d test_like_id_2
+INSERT INTO test_like_id_2 (b) VALUES ('b2');
+SELECT * FROM test_like_id_2;  -- identity was not copied
+CREATE TABLE test_like_id_3 (LIKE test_like_id_1 INCLUDING IDENTITY);
+\d test_like_id_3
+INSERT INTO test_like_id_3 (b) VALUES ('b3');
+SELECT * FROM test_like_id_3;  -- identity was copied and applied
+DROP TABLE test_like_id_1, test_like_id_2, test_like_id_3;
+
+CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_1 (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+\d test_like_gen_1
+INSERT INTO test_like_gen_1 (a) VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_1;
+CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_2 (LIKE test_like_gen_1);
+\d test_like_gen_2
+INSERT INTO test_like_gen_2 (a) VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_2;
+CREATE TABLE test_like_gen_3 (LIKE test_like_gen_1 INCLUDING GENERATED);
+\d test_like_gen_3
+INSERT INTO test_like_gen_3 (a) VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM test_like_gen_3;
+DROP TABLE test_like_gen_1, test_like_gen_2, test_like_gen_3;
+
+-- also test generated column with a "forward" reference (bug #16342)
+CREATE TABLE test_like_4 (b int DEFAULT 42,
+  c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED,
+  a int CHECK (a > 0));
+\d test_like_4
+CREATE TABLE test_like_4a (LIKE test_like_4);
+CREATE TABLE test_like_4b (LIKE test_like_4 INCLUDING DEFAULTS);
+CREATE TABLE test_like_4c (LIKE test_like_4 INCLUDING GENERATED);
+CREATE TABLE test_like_4d (LIKE test_like_4 INCLUDING DEFAULTS INCLUDING GENERATED);
+\d test_like_4a
+INSERT INTO test_like_4a (a) VALUES(11);
+SELECT a, b, c FROM test_like_4a;
+\d test_like_4b
+INSERT INTO test_like_4b (a) VALUES(11);
+SELECT a, b, c FROM test_like_4b;
+\d test_like_4c
+INSERT INTO test_like_4c (a) VALUES(11);
+SELECT a, b, c FROM test_like_4c;
+\d test_like_4d
+INSERT INTO test_like_4d (a) VALUES(11);
+SELECT a, b, c FROM test_like_4d;
+
+-- Test renumbering of Vars when combining LIKE with inheritance
+CREATE TABLE test_like_5 (x point, y point, z point);
+CREATE TABLE test_like_5x (p int CHECK (p > 0),
+   q int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (p * 2) STORED);
+CREATE TABLE test_like_5c (LIKE test_like_4 INCLUDING ALL)
+  INHERITS (test_like_5, test_like_5x);
+\d test_like_5c
+
+DROP TABLE test_like_4, test_like_4a, test_like_4b, test_like_4c, test_like_4d;
+DROP TABLE test_like_5, test_like_5x, test_like_5c;
+
+CREATE TABLE inhg (x text, LIKE inhx INCLUDING INDEXES, y text); /* copies indexes */
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES (5, 10);
+INSERT INTO inhg VALUES (20, 10); -- should fail
+DROP TABLE inhg;
+/* Multiple primary keys creation should fail */
+CREATE TABLE inhg (x text, LIKE inhx INCLUDING INDEXES, PRIMARY KEY(x)); /* fails */
+CREATE TABLE inhz (xx text DEFAULT 'text', yy int UNIQUE);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX inhz_xx_idx on inhz (xx) WHERE xx <> 'test';
+/* Ok to create multiple unique indexes */
+CREATE TABLE inhg (x text UNIQUE, LIKE inhz INCLUDING INDEXES);
+INSERT INTO inhg (xx, yy, x) VALUES ('test', 5, 10);
+INSERT INTO inhg (xx, yy, x) VALUES ('test', 10, 15);
+INSERT INTO inhg (xx, yy, x) VALUES ('foo', 10, 15); -- should fail
+DROP TABLE inhg;
+DROP TABLE inhz;
+
+/* Use primary key imported by LIKE for self-referential FK constraint */
+CREATE TABLE inhz (x text REFERENCES inhz, LIKE inhx INCLUDING INDEXES);
+\d inhz
+DROP TABLE inhz;
+
+-- including storage and comments
+CREATE TABLE ctlt1 (a text CHECK (length(a) > 2) PRIMARY KEY, b text);
+CREATE INDEX ctlt1_b_key ON ctlt1 (b);
+CREATE INDEX ctlt1_fnidx ON ctlt1 ((a || b));
+CREATE STATISTICS ctlt1_a_b_stat ON a,b FROM ctlt1;
+CREATE STATISTICS ctlt1_expr_stat ON (a || b) FROM ctlt1;
+COMMENT ON STATISTICS ctlt1_a_b_stat IS 'ab stats';
+COMMENT ON STATISTICS ctlt1_expr_stat IS 'ab expr stats';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ctlt1.a IS 'A';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ctlt1.b IS 'B';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT ctlt1_a_check ON ctlt1 IS 't1_a_check';
+COMMENT ON INDEX ctlt1_pkey IS 'index pkey';
+COMMENT ON INDEX ctlt1_b_key IS 'index b_key';
+ALTER TABLE ctlt1 ALTER COLUMN a SET STORAGE MAIN;
+
+CREATE TABLE ctlt2 (c text);
+ALTER TABLE ctlt2 ALTER COLUMN c SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ctlt2.c IS 'C';
+
+CREATE TABLE ctlt3 (a text CHECK (length(a) < 5), c text CHECK (length(c) < 7));
+ALTER TABLE ctlt3 ALTER COLUMN c SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+ALTER TABLE ctlt3 ALTER COLUMN a SET STORAGE MAIN;
+CREATE INDEX ctlt3_fnidx ON ctlt3 ((a || c));
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ctlt3.a IS 'A3';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ctlt3.c IS 'C';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT ctlt3_a_check ON ctlt3 IS 't3_a_check';
+
+CREATE TABLE ctlt4 (a text, c text);
+ALTER TABLE ctlt4 ALTER COLUMN c SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+
+CREATE TABLE ctlt12_storage (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING STORAGE, LIKE ctlt2 INCLUDING STORAGE);
+\d+ ctlt12_storage
+CREATE TABLE ctlt12_comments (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING COMMENTS, LIKE ctlt2 INCLUDING COMMENTS);
+\d+ ctlt12_comments
+CREATE TABLE ctlt1_inh (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS INCLUDING COMMENTS) INHERITS (ctlt1);
+\d+ ctlt1_inh
+SELECT description FROM pg_description, pg_constraint c WHERE classoid = 'pg_constraint'::regclass AND objoid = c.oid AND c.conrelid = 'ctlt1_inh'::regclass;
+CREATE TABLE ctlt13_inh () INHERITS (ctlt1, ctlt3);
+\d+ ctlt13_inh
+CREATE TABLE ctlt13_like (LIKE ctlt3 INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS INCLUDING INDEXES INCLUDING COMMENTS INCLUDING STORAGE) INHERITS (ctlt1);
+\d+ ctlt13_like
+SELECT description FROM pg_description, pg_constraint c WHERE classoid = 'pg_constraint'::regclass AND objoid = c.oid AND c.conrelid = 'ctlt13_like'::regclass;
+
+CREATE TABLE ctlt_all (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING ALL);
+\d+ ctlt_all
+SELECT c.relname, objsubid, description FROM pg_description, pg_index i, pg_class c WHERE classoid = 'pg_class'::regclass AND objoid = i.indexrelid AND c.oid = i.indexrelid AND i.indrelid = 'ctlt_all'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname, objsubid;
+SELECT s.stxname, objsubid, description FROM pg_description, pg_statistic_ext s WHERE classoid = 'pg_statistic_ext'::regclass AND objoid = s.oid AND s.stxrelid = 'ctlt_all'::regclass ORDER BY s.stxname, objsubid;
+
+CREATE TABLE inh_error1 () INHERITS (ctlt1, ctlt4);
+CREATE TABLE inh_error2 (LIKE ctlt4 INCLUDING STORAGE) INHERITS (ctlt1);
+
+-- Check that LIKE isn't confused by a system catalog of the same name
+CREATE TABLE pg_attrdef (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING ALL);
+\d+ public.pg_attrdef
+DROP TABLE public.pg_attrdef;
+
+-- Check that LIKE isn't confused when new table masks the old, either
+BEGIN;
+CREATE SCHEMA ctl_schema;
+SET LOCAL search_path = ctl_schema, public;
+CREATE TABLE ctlt1 (LIKE ctlt1 INCLUDING ALL);
+\d+ ctlt1
+ROLLBACK;
+
+DROP TABLE ctlt1, ctlt2, ctlt3, ctlt4, ctlt12_storage, ctlt12_comments, ctlt1_inh, ctlt13_inh, ctlt13_like, ctlt_all, ctla, ctlb CASCADE;
+
+-- LIKE must respect NO INHERIT property of constraints
+CREATE TABLE noinh_con_copy (a int CHECK (a > 0) NO INHERIT);
+CREATE TABLE noinh_con_copy1 (LIKE noinh_con_copy INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS);
+\d noinh_con_copy1
+
+-- fail, as partitioned tables don't allow NO INHERIT constraints
+CREATE TABLE noinh_con_copy1_parted (LIKE noinh_con_copy INCLUDING ALL)
+  PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+
+DROP TABLE noinh_con_copy, noinh_con_copy1;
+
+
+/* LIKE with other relation kinds */
+
+CREATE TABLE ctlt4 (a int, b text);
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE ctlseq1;
+CREATE TABLE ctlt10 (LIKE ctlseq1);  -- fail
+
+CREATE VIEW ctlv1 AS SELECT * FROM ctlt4;
+CREATE TABLE ctlt11 (LIKE ctlv1);
+CREATE TABLE ctlt11a (LIKE ctlv1 INCLUDING ALL);
+
+CREATE TYPE ctlty1 AS (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE ctlt12 (LIKE ctlty1);
+
+DROP SEQUENCE ctlseq1;
+DROP TYPE ctlty1;
+DROP VIEW ctlv1;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ctlt4, ctlt10, ctlt11, ctlt11a, ctlt12;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_type.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_type.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6fc4f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_type.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_TYPE
+--
+
+-- directory path and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+--
+-- Test the "old style" approach of making the I/O functions first,
+-- with no explicit shell type creation.
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION widget_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS widget
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION widget_out(widget)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION int44in(cstring)
+   RETURNS city_budget
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION int44out(city_budget)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE TYPE widget (
+   internallength = 24,
+   input = widget_in,
+   output = widget_out,
+   typmod_in = numerictypmodin,
+   typmod_out = numerictypmodout,
+   alignment = double
+);
+
+CREATE TYPE city_budget (
+   internallength = 16,
+   input = int44in,
+   output = int44out,
+   element = int4,
+   category = 'x',   -- just to verify the system will take it
+   preferred = true  -- ditto
+);
+
+-- Test creation and destruction of shell types
+CREATE TYPE shell;
+CREATE TYPE shell;   -- fail, type already present
+DROP TYPE shell;
+DROP TYPE shell;     -- fail, type not exist
+
+-- also, let's leave one around for purposes of pg_dump testing
+CREATE TYPE myshell;
+
+--
+-- Test type-related default values (broken in releases before PG 7.2)
+--
+-- This part of the test also exercises the "new style" approach of making
+-- a shell type and then filling it in.
+--
+CREATE TYPE int42;
+CREATE TYPE text_w_default;
+
+-- Make dummy I/O routines using the existing internal support for int4, text
+CREATE FUNCTION int42_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS int42
+   AS 'int4in'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION int42_out(int42)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS 'int4out'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION text_w_default_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS text_w_default
+   AS 'textin'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION text_w_default_out(text_w_default)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS 'textout'
+   LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE TYPE int42 (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = int42_in,
+   output = int42_out,
+   alignment = int4,
+   default = 42,
+   passedbyvalue
+);
+
+CREATE TYPE text_w_default (
+   internallength = variable,
+   input = text_w_default_in,
+   output = text_w_default_out,
+   alignment = int4,
+   default = 'zippo'
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE default_test (f1 text_w_default, f2 int42);
+
+INSERT INTO default_test DEFAULT VALUES;
+
+SELECT * FROM default_test;
+
+-- We need a shell type to test some CREATE TYPE failure cases with
+CREATE TYPE bogus_type;
+
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE TYPE bogus_type (
+	"Internallength" = 4,
+	"Input" = int42_in,
+	"Output" = int42_out,
+	"Alignment" = int4,
+	"Default" = 42,
+	"Passedbyvalue"
+);
+
+-- invalid: input/output function incompatibility
+CREATE TYPE bogus_type (INPUT = array_in,
+    OUTPUT = array_out,
+    ELEMENT = int,
+    INTERNALLENGTH = 32);
+
+DROP TYPE bogus_type;
+
+-- It no longer is possible to issue CREATE TYPE without making a shell first
+CREATE TYPE bogus_type (INPUT = array_in,
+    OUTPUT = array_out,
+    ELEMENT = int,
+    INTERNALLENGTH = 32);
+
+-- Test stand-alone composite type
+
+CREATE TYPE default_test_row AS (f1 text_w_default, f2 int42);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION get_default_test() RETURNS SETOF default_test_row AS '
+  SELECT * FROM default_test;
+' LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+SELECT * FROM get_default_test();
+
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON TYPE bad IS 'bad comment';
+COMMENT ON TYPE default_test_row IS 'good comment';
+COMMENT ON TYPE default_test_row IS NULL;
+COMMENT ON COLUMN default_test_row.nope IS 'bad comment';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN default_test_row.f1 IS 'good comment';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN default_test_row.f1 IS NULL;
+
+-- Check shell type create for existing types
+CREATE TYPE text_w_default;		-- should fail
+
+DROP TYPE default_test_row CASCADE;
+
+DROP TABLE default_test;
+
+-- Check dependencies are established when creating a new type
+CREATE TYPE base_type;
+CREATE FUNCTION base_fn_in(cstring) RETURNS base_type AS 'boolin'
+    LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+CREATE FUNCTION base_fn_out(base_type) RETURNS cstring AS 'boolout'
+    LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+CREATE TYPE base_type(INPUT = base_fn_in, OUTPUT = base_fn_out);
+DROP FUNCTION base_fn_in(cstring); -- error
+DROP FUNCTION base_fn_out(base_type); -- error
+DROP TYPE base_type; -- error
+DROP TYPE base_type CASCADE;
+
+-- Check usage of typmod with a user-defined type
+-- (we have borrowed numeric's typmod functions)
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE mytab (foo widget(42,13,7));     -- should fail
+CREATE TEMP TABLE mytab (foo widget(42,13));
+
+SELECT format_type(atttypid,atttypmod) FROM pg_attribute
+WHERE attrelid = 'mytab'::regclass AND attnum > 0;
+
+-- might as well exercise the widget type while we're here
+INSERT INTO mytab VALUES ('(1,2,3)'), ('(-44,5.5,12)');
+TABLE mytab;
+
+-- and test format_type() a bit more, too
+select format_type('varchar'::regtype, 42);
+select format_type('bpchar'::regtype, null);
+-- this behavior difference is intentional
+select format_type('bpchar'::regtype, -1);
+
+-- Test creation of an operator over a user-defined type
+
+CREATE FUNCTION pt_in_widget(point, widget)
+   RETURNS bool
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR <% (
+   leftarg = point,
+   rightarg = widget,
+   procedure = pt_in_widget,
+   commutator = >% ,
+   negator = >=%
+);
+
+SELECT point '(1,2)' <% widget '(0,0,3)' AS t,
+       point '(1,2)' <% widget '(0,0,1)' AS f;
+
+-- exercise city_budget type
+CREATE TABLE city (
+	name		name,
+	location 	box,
+	budget 		city_budget
+);
+
+INSERT INTO city VALUES
+('Podunk', '(1,2),(3,4)', '100,127,1000'),
+('Gotham', '(1000,34),(1100,334)', '123456,127,-1000,6789');
+
+TABLE city;
+
+--
+-- Test CREATE/ALTER TYPE using a type that's compatible with varchar,
+-- so we can re-use those support functions
+--
+CREATE TYPE myvarchar;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION myvarcharin(cstring, oid, integer) RETURNS myvarchar
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT AS 'varcharin';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION myvarcharout(myvarchar) RETURNS cstring
+LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT AS 'varcharout';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION myvarcharsend(myvarchar) RETURNS bytea
+LANGUAGE internal STABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT AS 'varcharsend';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION myvarcharrecv(internal, oid, integer) RETURNS myvarchar
+LANGUAGE internal STABLE PARALLEL SAFE STRICT AS 'varcharrecv';
+
+-- fail, it's still a shell:
+ALTER TYPE myvarchar SET (storage = extended);
+
+CREATE TYPE myvarchar (
+    input = myvarcharin,
+    output = myvarcharout,
+    alignment = integer,
+    storage = main
+);
+
+-- want to check updating of a domain over the target type, too
+CREATE DOMAIN myvarchardom AS myvarchar;
+
+ALTER TYPE myvarchar SET (storage = plain);  -- not allowed
+
+ALTER TYPE myvarchar SET (storage = extended);
+
+ALTER TYPE myvarchar SET (
+    send = myvarcharsend,
+    receive = myvarcharrecv,
+    typmod_in = varchartypmodin,
+    typmod_out = varchartypmodout,
+    -- these are bogus, but it's safe as long as we don't use the type:
+    analyze = ts_typanalyze,
+    subscript = raw_array_subscript_handler
+);
+
+SELECT typinput, typoutput, typreceive, typsend, typmodin, typmodout,
+       typanalyze, typsubscript, typstorage
+FROM pg_type WHERE typname = 'myvarchar';
+
+SELECT typinput, typoutput, typreceive, typsend, typmodin, typmodout,
+       typanalyze, typsubscript, typstorage
+FROM pg_type WHERE typname = '_myvarchar';
+
+SELECT typinput, typoutput, typreceive, typsend, typmodin, typmodout,
+       typanalyze, typsubscript, typstorage
+FROM pg_type WHERE typname = 'myvarchardom';
+
+SELECT typinput, typoutput, typreceive, typsend, typmodin, typmodout,
+       typanalyze, typsubscript, typstorage
+FROM pg_type WHERE typname = '_myvarchardom';
+
+-- ensure dependencies are straight
+DROP FUNCTION myvarcharsend(myvarchar);  -- fail
+DROP TYPE myvarchar;  -- fail
+
+DROP TYPE myvarchar CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_view.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_view.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee28d45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_view.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,809 @@
+--
+-- CREATE_VIEW
+-- Virtual class definitions
+--	(this also tests the query rewrite system)
+--
+
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+CREATE FUNCTION interpt_pp(path, path)
+    RETURNS point
+    AS :'regresslib'
+    LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+
+CREATE TABLE real_city (
+	pop			int4,
+	cname		text,
+	outline 	path
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/real_city.data'
+COPY real_city FROM :'filename';
+ANALYZE real_city;
+
+SELECT *
+   INTO TABLE ramp
+   FROM ONLY road
+   WHERE name ~ '.*Ramp';
+
+CREATE VIEW street AS
+   SELECT r.name, r.thepath, c.cname AS cname
+   FROM ONLY road r, real_city c
+   WHERE c.outline ?# r.thepath;
+
+CREATE VIEW iexit AS
+   SELECT ih.name, ih.thepath,
+	interpt_pp(ih.thepath, r.thepath) AS exit
+   FROM ihighway ih, ramp r
+   WHERE ih.thepath ?# r.thepath;
+
+CREATE VIEW toyemp AS
+   SELECT name, age, location, 12*salary AS annualsal
+   FROM emp;
+
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON VIEW noview IS 'no view';
+COMMENT ON VIEW toyemp IS 'is a view';
+COMMENT ON VIEW toyemp IS NULL;
+
+-- These views are left around mainly to exercise special cases in pg_dump.
+
+CREATE TABLE view_base_table (key int PRIMARY KEY, data varchar(20));
+
+CREATE VIEW key_dependent_view AS
+   SELECT * FROM view_base_table GROUP BY key;
+
+ALTER TABLE view_base_table DROP CONSTRAINT view_base_table_pkey;  -- fails
+
+CREATE VIEW key_dependent_view_no_cols AS
+   SELECT FROM view_base_table GROUP BY key HAVING length(data) > 0;
+
+--
+-- CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE viewtest_tbl (a int, b int, c numeric(10,1), d text COLLATE "C");
+
+COPY viewtest_tbl FROM stdin;
+5	10	1.1	xy
+10	15	2.2	xyz
+15	20	3.3	xyzz
+20	25	4.4	xyzzy
+\.
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT * FROM viewtest_tbl;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT * FROM viewtest_tbl WHERE a > 10;
+
+SELECT * FROM viewtest;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a, b, c, d FROM viewtest_tbl WHERE a > 5 ORDER BY b DESC;
+
+SELECT * FROM viewtest;
+
+-- should fail
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a FROM viewtest_tbl WHERE a <> 20;
+
+-- should fail
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT 1, * FROM viewtest_tbl;
+
+-- should fail
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a, b::numeric, c, d FROM viewtest_tbl;
+
+-- should fail
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a, b, c::numeric(10,2), d FROM viewtest_tbl;
+
+-- should fail
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a, b, c, d COLLATE "POSIX" FROM viewtest_tbl;
+
+-- should work
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewtest AS
+	SELECT a, b, c, d, 0 AS e FROM viewtest_tbl;
+
+DROP VIEW viewtest;
+DROP TABLE viewtest_tbl;
+
+-- tests for temporary views
+
+CREATE SCHEMA temp_view_test
+    CREATE TABLE base_table (a int, id int)
+    CREATE TABLE base_table2 (a int, id int);
+
+SET search_path TO temp_view_test, public;
+
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_table (a int, id int);
+
+-- should be created in temp_view_test schema
+CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM base_table;
+-- should be created in temp object schema
+CREATE VIEW v1_temp AS SELECT * FROM temp_table;
+-- should be created in temp object schema
+CREATE TEMP VIEW v2_temp AS SELECT * FROM base_table;
+-- should be created in temp_views schema
+CREATE VIEW temp_view_test.v2 AS SELECT * FROM base_table;
+-- should fail
+CREATE VIEW temp_view_test.v3_temp AS SELECT * FROM temp_table;
+-- should fail
+CREATE SCHEMA test_view_schema
+    CREATE TEMP VIEW testview AS SELECT 1;
+
+-- joins: if any of the join relations are temporary, the view
+-- should also be temporary
+
+-- should be non-temp
+CREATE VIEW v3 AS
+    SELECT t1.a AS t1_a, t2.a AS t2_a
+    FROM base_table t1, base_table2 t2
+    WHERE t1.id = t2.id;
+-- should be temp (one join rel is temp)
+CREATE VIEW v4_temp AS
+    SELECT t1.a AS t1_a, t2.a AS t2_a
+    FROM base_table t1, temp_table t2
+    WHERE t1.id = t2.id;
+-- should be temp
+CREATE VIEW v5_temp AS
+    SELECT t1.a AS t1_a, t2.a AS t2_a, t3.a AS t3_a
+    FROM base_table t1, base_table2 t2, temp_table t3
+    WHERE t1.id = t2.id and t2.id = t3.id;
+
+-- subqueries
+CREATE VIEW v4 AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM base_table2);
+CREATE VIEW v5 AS SELECT t1.id, t2.a FROM base_table t1, (SELECT * FROM base_table2) t2;
+CREATE VIEW v6 AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM base_table2);
+CREATE VIEW v7 AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM base_table2);
+CREATE VIEW v8 AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1);
+
+CREATE VIEW v6_temp AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM temp_table);
+CREATE VIEW v7_temp AS SELECT t1.id, t2.a FROM base_table t1, (SELECT * FROM temp_table) t2;
+CREATE VIEW v8_temp AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM temp_table);
+CREATE VIEW v9_temp AS SELECT * FROM base_table WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM temp_table);
+
+-- a view should also be temporary if it references a temporary view
+CREATE VIEW v10_temp AS SELECT * FROM v7_temp;
+CREATE VIEW v11_temp AS SELECT t1.id, t2.a FROM base_table t1, v10_temp t2;
+CREATE VIEW v12_temp AS SELECT true FROM v11_temp;
+
+-- a view should also be temporary if it references a temporary sequence
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq1;
+CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE seq1_temp;
+CREATE VIEW v9 AS SELECT seq1.is_called FROM seq1;
+CREATE VIEW v13_temp AS SELECT seq1_temp.is_called FROM seq1_temp;
+
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+    WHERE relname LIKE 'v_'
+    AND relnamespace = (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'temp_view_test')
+    ORDER BY relname;
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+    WHERE relname LIKE 'v%'
+    AND relnamespace IN (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname LIKE 'pg_temp%')
+    ORDER BY relname;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA testviewschm2;
+SET search_path TO testviewschm2, public;
+
+CREATE TABLE t1 (num int, name text);
+CREATE TABLE t2 (num2 int, value text);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tt (num2 int, value text);
+
+CREATE VIEW nontemp1 AS SELECT * FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t2;
+CREATE VIEW temporal1 AS SELECT * FROM t1 CROSS JOIN tt;
+CREATE VIEW nontemp2 AS SELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 ON t1.num = t2.num2;
+CREATE VIEW temporal2 AS SELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN tt ON t1.num = tt.num2;
+CREATE VIEW nontemp3 AS SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.num = t2.num2;
+CREATE VIEW temporal3 AS SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN tt ON t1.num = tt.num2;
+CREATE VIEW nontemp4 AS SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.num = t2.num2 AND t2.value = 'xxx';
+CREATE VIEW temporal4 AS SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN tt ON t1.num = tt.num2 AND tt.value = 'xxx';
+
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+    WHERE relname LIKE 'nontemp%'
+    AND relnamespace = (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'testviewschm2')
+    ORDER BY relname;
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+    WHERE relname LIKE 'temporal%'
+    AND relnamespace IN (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname LIKE 'pg_temp%')
+    ORDER BY relname;
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl1 ( a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE tbl2 (c int, d int);
+CREATE TABLE tbl3 (e int, f int);
+CREATE TABLE tbl4 (g int, h int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tmptbl (i int, j int);
+
+--Should be in testviewschm2
+CREATE   VIEW  pubview AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE tbl1.a
+BETWEEN (SELECT d FROM tbl2 WHERE c = 1) AND (SELECT e FROM tbl3 WHERE f = 2)
+AND EXISTS (SELECT g FROM tbl4 LEFT JOIN tbl3 ON tbl4.h = tbl3.f);
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_class where relname = 'pubview'
+AND relnamespace IN (SELECT OID FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'testviewschm2');
+
+--Should be in temp object schema
+CREATE   VIEW  mytempview AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE tbl1.a
+BETWEEN (SELECT d FROM tbl2 WHERE c = 1) AND (SELECT e FROM tbl3 WHERE f = 2)
+AND EXISTS (SELECT g FROM tbl4 LEFT JOIN tbl3 ON tbl4.h = tbl3.f)
+AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT g FROM tbl4 LEFT JOIN tmptbl ON tbl4.h = tmptbl.j);
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_class where relname LIKE 'mytempview'
+And relnamespace IN (SELECT OID FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname LIKE 'pg_temp%');
+
+--
+-- CREATE VIEW and WITH(...) clause
+--
+CREATE VIEW mysecview1
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a = 0;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview2 WITH (security_barrier=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a > 0;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview3 WITH (security_barrier=false)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a < 0;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview4 WITH (security_barrier)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a <> 0;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview5 WITH (security_barrier=100)	-- Error
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a > 100;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview6 WITH (invalid_option)		-- Error
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a < 100;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview7 WITH (security_invoker=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a = 100;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview8 WITH (security_invoker=false, security_barrier=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a > 100;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview9 WITH (security_invoker)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a < 100;
+CREATE VIEW mysecview10 WITH (security_invoker=100)	-- Error
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a <> 100;
+SELECT relname, relkind, reloptions FROM pg_class
+       WHERE oid in ('mysecview1'::regclass, 'mysecview2'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview3'::regclass, 'mysecview4'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview7'::regclass, 'mysecview8'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview9'::regclass)
+       ORDER BY relname;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview1
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a = 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview2
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a > 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview3 WITH (security_barrier=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a < 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview4 WITH (security_barrier=false)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a <> 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview7
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a > 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview8 WITH (security_invoker=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a < 256;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW mysecview9 WITH (security_invoker=false, security_barrier=true)
+       AS SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE a <> 256;
+SELECT relname, relkind, reloptions FROM pg_class
+       WHERE oid in ('mysecview1'::regclass, 'mysecview2'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview3'::regclass, 'mysecview4'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview7'::regclass, 'mysecview8'::regclass,
+                     'mysecview9'::regclass)
+       ORDER BY relname;
+
+-- Check that unknown literals are converted to "text" in CREATE VIEW,
+-- so that we don't end up with unknown-type columns.
+
+CREATE VIEW unspecified_types AS
+  SELECT 42 as i, 42.5 as num, 'foo' as u, 'foo'::unknown as u2, null as n;
+\d+ unspecified_types
+SELECT * FROM unspecified_types;
+
+-- This test checks that proper typmods are assigned in a multi-row VALUES
+
+CREATE VIEW tt1 AS
+  SELECT * FROM (
+    VALUES
+       ('abc'::varchar(3), '0123456789', 42, 'abcd'::varchar(4)),
+       ('0123456789', 'abc'::varchar(3), 42.12, 'abc'::varchar(4))
+  ) vv(a,b,c,d);
+\d+ tt1
+SELECT * FROM tt1;
+SELECT a::varchar(3) FROM tt1;
+DROP VIEW tt1;
+
+-- Test view decompilation in the face of relation renaming conflicts
+
+CREATE TABLE tt1 (f1 int, f2 int, f3 text);
+CREATE TABLE tx1 (x1 int, x2 int, x3 text);
+CREATE TABLE temp_view_test.tt1 (y1 int, f2 int, f3 text);
+
+CREATE VIEW aliased_view_1 AS
+  select * from tt1
+    where exists (select 1 from tx1 where tt1.f1 = tx1.x1);
+CREATE VIEW aliased_view_2 AS
+  select * from tt1 a1
+    where exists (select 1 from tx1 where a1.f1 = tx1.x1);
+CREATE VIEW aliased_view_3 AS
+  select * from tt1
+    where exists (select 1 from tx1 a2 where tt1.f1 = a2.x1);
+CREATE VIEW aliased_view_4 AS
+  select * from temp_view_test.tt1
+    where exists (select 1 from tt1 where temp_view_test.tt1.y1 = tt1.f1);
+
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+
+ALTER TABLE tx1 RENAME TO a1;
+
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+
+ALTER TABLE tt1 RENAME TO a2;
+
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+
+ALTER TABLE a1 RENAME TO tt1;
+
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+
+ALTER TABLE a2 RENAME TO tx1;
+ALTER TABLE tx1 SET SCHEMA temp_view_test;
+
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+
+ALTER TABLE temp_view_test.tt1 RENAME TO tmp1;
+ALTER TABLE temp_view_test.tmp1 SET SCHEMA testviewschm2;
+ALTER TABLE tmp1 RENAME TO tx1;
+
+\d+ aliased_view_1
+\d+ aliased_view_2
+\d+ aliased_view_3
+\d+ aliased_view_4
+
+-- Test aliasing of joins
+
+create view view_of_joins as
+select * from
+  (select * from (tbl1 cross join tbl2) same) ss,
+  (tbl3 cross join tbl4) same;
+
+\d+ view_of_joins
+
+create table tbl1a (a int, c int);
+create view view_of_joins_2a as select * from tbl1 join tbl1a using (a);
+create view view_of_joins_2b as select * from tbl1 join tbl1a using (a) as x;
+create view view_of_joins_2c as select * from (tbl1 join tbl1a using (a)) as y;
+create view view_of_joins_2d as select * from (tbl1 join tbl1a using (a) as x) as y;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('view_of_joins_2a', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('view_of_joins_2b', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('view_of_joins_2c', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('view_of_joins_2d', true);
+
+-- Test view decompilation in the face of column addition/deletion/renaming
+
+create table tt2 (a int, b int, c int);
+create table tt3 (ax int8, b int2, c numeric);
+create table tt4 (ay int, b int, q int);
+
+create view v1 as select * from tt2 natural join tt3;
+create view v1a as select * from (tt2 natural join tt3) j;
+create view v2 as select * from tt2 join tt3 using (b,c) join tt4 using (b);
+create view v2a as select * from (tt2 join tt3 using (b,c) join tt4 using (b)) j;
+create view v3 as select * from tt2 join tt3 using (b,c) full join tt4 using (b);
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1a', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2a', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v3', true);
+
+alter table tt2 add column d int;
+alter table tt2 add column e int;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1a', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2a', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v3', true);
+
+alter table tt3 rename c to d;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1a', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2a', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v3', true);
+
+alter table tt3 add column c int;
+alter table tt3 add column e int;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1a', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2a', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v3', true);
+
+alter table tt2 drop column d;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1a', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v2a', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v3', true);
+
+create table tt5 (a int, b int);
+create table tt6 (c int, d int);
+create view vv1 as select * from (tt5 cross join tt6) j(aa,bb,cc,dd);
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv1', true);
+alter table tt5 add column c int;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv1', true);
+alter table tt5 add column cc int;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv1', true);
+alter table tt5 drop column c;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv1', true);
+
+create view v4 as select * from v1;
+alter view v1 rename column a to x;
+select pg_get_viewdef('v1', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('v4', true);
+
+
+-- Unnamed FULL JOIN USING is lots of fun too
+
+create table tt7 (x int, xx int, y int);
+alter table tt7 drop column xx;
+create table tt8 (x int, z int);
+
+create view vv2 as
+select * from (values(1,2,3,4,5)) v(a,b,c,d,e)
+union all
+select * from tt7 full join tt8 using (x), tt8 tt8x;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv2', true);
+
+create view vv3 as
+select * from (values(1,2,3,4,5,6)) v(a,b,c,x,e,f)
+union all
+select * from
+  tt7 full join tt8 using (x),
+  tt7 tt7x full join tt8 tt8x using (x);
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv3', true);
+
+create view vv4 as
+select * from (values(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)) v(a,b,c,x,e,f,g)
+union all
+select * from
+  tt7 full join tt8 using (x),
+  tt7 tt7x full join tt8 tt8x using (x) full join tt8 tt8y using (x);
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv4', true);
+
+alter table tt7 add column zz int;
+alter table tt7 add column z int;
+alter table tt7 drop column zz;
+alter table tt8 add column z2 int;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv2', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv3', true);
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv4', true);
+
+-- Implicit coercions in a JOIN USING create issues similar to FULL JOIN
+
+create table tt7a (x date, xx int, y int);
+alter table tt7a drop column xx;
+create table tt8a (x timestamptz, z int);
+
+create view vv2a as
+select * from (values(now(),2,3,now(),5)) v(a,b,c,d,e)
+union all
+select * from tt7a left join tt8a using (x), tt8a tt8ax;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv2a', true);
+
+--
+-- Also check dropping a column that existed when the view was made
+--
+
+create table tt9 (x int, xx int, y int);
+create table tt10 (x int, z int);
+
+create view vv5 as select x,y,z from tt9 join tt10 using(x);
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv5', true);
+
+alter table tt9 drop column xx;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv5', true);
+
+--
+-- Another corner case is that we might add a column to a table below a
+-- JOIN USING, and thereby make the USING column name ambiguous
+--
+
+create table tt11 (x int, y int);
+create table tt12 (x int, z int);
+create table tt13 (z int, q int);
+
+create view vv6 as select x,y,z,q from
+  (tt11 join tt12 using(x)) join tt13 using(z);
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv6', true);
+
+alter table tt11 add column z int;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('vv6', true);
+
+--
+-- Check cases involving dropped/altered columns in a function's rowtype result
+--
+
+create table tt14t (f1 text, f2 text, f3 text, f4 text);
+insert into tt14t values('foo', 'bar', 'baz', '42');
+
+alter table tt14t drop column f2;
+
+create function tt14f() returns setof tt14t as
+$$
+declare
+    rec1 record;
+begin
+    for rec1 in select * from tt14t
+    loop
+        return next rec1;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$
+language plpgsql;
+
+create view tt14v as select t.* from tt14f() t;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt14v', true);
+select * from tt14v;
+
+alter table tt14t drop column f3;  -- fail, view has explicit reference to f3
+
+-- We used to have a bug that would allow the above to succeed, posing
+-- hazards for later execution of the view.  Check that the internal
+-- defenses for those hazards haven't bit-rotted, in case some other
+-- bug with similar symptoms emerges.
+begin;
+
+-- destroy the dependency entry that prevents the DROP:
+delete from pg_depend where
+  objid = (select oid from pg_rewrite
+           where ev_class = 'tt14v'::regclass and rulename = '_RETURN')
+  and refobjsubid = 3
+returning pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+          pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as ref,
+          deptype;
+
+-- this will now succeed:
+alter table tt14t drop column f3;
+
+-- column f3 is still in the view, sort of ...
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt14v', true);
+-- ... and you can even EXPLAIN it ...
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from tt14v;
+-- but it will fail at execution
+select f1, f4 from tt14v;
+select * from tt14v;
+
+rollback;
+
+-- likewise, altering a referenced column's type is prohibited ...
+alter table tt14t alter column f4 type integer using f4::integer;  -- fail
+
+-- ... but some bug might let it happen, so check defenses
+begin;
+
+-- destroy the dependency entry that prevents the ALTER:
+delete from pg_depend where
+  objid = (select oid from pg_rewrite
+           where ev_class = 'tt14v'::regclass and rulename = '_RETURN')
+  and refobjsubid = 4
+returning pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+          pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as ref,
+          deptype;
+
+-- this will now succeed:
+alter table tt14t alter column f4 type integer using f4::integer;
+
+-- f4 is still in the view ...
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt14v', true);
+-- but will fail at execution
+select f1, f3 from tt14v;
+select * from tt14v;
+
+rollback;
+
+drop view tt14v;
+
+create view tt14v as select t.f1, t.f4 from tt14f() t;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt14v', true);
+select * from tt14v;
+
+alter table tt14t drop column f3;  -- ok
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt14v', true);
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from tt14v;
+select * from tt14v;
+
+-- check display of whole-row variables in some corner cases
+
+create type nestedcomposite as (x int8_tbl);
+create view tt15v as select row(i)::nestedcomposite from int8_tbl i;
+select * from tt15v;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt15v', true);
+select row(i.*::int8_tbl)::nestedcomposite from int8_tbl i;
+
+create view tt16v as select * from int8_tbl i, lateral(values(i)) ss;
+select * from tt16v;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt16v', true);
+select * from int8_tbl i, lateral(values(i.*::int8_tbl)) ss;
+
+create view tt17v as select * from int8_tbl i where i in (values(i));
+select * from tt17v;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt17v', true);
+select * from int8_tbl i where i.* in (values(i.*::int8_tbl));
+
+create table tt15v_log(o tt15v, n tt15v, incr bool);
+create rule updlog as on update to tt15v do also
+  insert into tt15v_log values(old, new, row(old,old) < row(new,new));
+\d+ tt15v
+
+-- check unique-ification of overlength names
+
+create view tt18v as
+  select * from int8_tbl xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxy
+  union all
+  select * from int8_tbl xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxz;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt18v', true);
+explain (costs off) select * from tt18v;
+
+-- check display of ScalarArrayOp with a sub-select
+
+select 'foo'::text = any(array['abc','def','foo']::text[]);
+select 'foo'::text = any((select array['abc','def','foo']::text[]));  -- fail
+select 'foo'::text = any((select array['abc','def','foo']::text[])::text[]);
+
+create view tt19v as
+select 'foo'::text = any(array['abc','def','foo']::text[]) c1,
+       'foo'::text = any((select array['abc','def','foo']::text[])::text[]) c2;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt19v', true);
+
+-- check display of assorted RTE_FUNCTION expressions
+
+create view tt20v as
+select * from
+  coalesce(1,2) as c,
+  collation for ('x'::text) col,
+  current_date as d,
+  localtimestamp(3) as t,
+  cast(1+2 as int4) as i4,
+  cast(1+2 as int8) as i8;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt20v', true);
+
+-- reverse-listing of various special function syntaxes required by SQL
+
+create view tt201v as
+select
+  ('2022-12-01'::date + '1 day'::interval) at time zone 'UTC' as atz,
+  extract(day from now()) as extr,
+  (now(), '1 day'::interval) overlaps
+    (current_timestamp(2), '1 day'::interval) as o,
+  'foo' is normalized isn,
+  'foo' is nfkc normalized isnn,
+  normalize('foo') as n,
+  normalize('foo', nfkd) as nfkd,
+  overlay('foo' placing 'bar' from 2) as ovl,
+  overlay('foo' placing 'bar' from 2 for 3) as ovl2,
+  position('foo' in 'foobar') as p,
+  substring('foo' from 2 for 3) as s,
+  substring('foo' similar 'f' escape '#') as ss,
+  substring('foo' from 'oo') as ssf,  -- historically-permitted abuse
+  trim(' ' from ' foo ') as bt,
+  trim(leading ' ' from ' foo ') as lt,
+  trim(trailing ' foo ') as rt,
+  trim(E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea) as btb,
+  trim(leading E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea) as ltb,
+  trim(trailing E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea) as rtb;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt201v', true);
+
+-- corner cases with empty join conditions
+
+create view tt21v as
+select * from tt5 natural inner join tt6;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt21v', true);
+
+create view tt22v as
+select * from tt5 natural left join tt6;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt22v', true);
+
+-- check handling of views with immediately-renamed columns
+
+create view tt23v (col_a, col_b) as
+select q1 as other_name1, q2 as other_name2 from int8_tbl
+union
+select 42, 43;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt23v', true);
+select pg_get_ruledef(oid, true) from pg_rewrite
+  where ev_class = 'tt23v'::regclass and ev_type = '1';
+
+-- test extraction of FieldSelect field names (get_name_for_var_field)
+
+create view tt24v as
+with cte as materialized (select r from (values(1,2),(3,4)) r)
+select (r).column2 as col_a, (rr).column2 as col_b from
+  cte join (select rr from (values(1,7),(3,8)) rr limit 2) ss
+  on (r).column1 = (rr).column1;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt24v', true);
+create view tt25v as
+with cte as materialized (select pg_get_keywords() k)
+select (k).word from cte;
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt25v', true);
+-- also check cases seen only in EXPLAIN
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from tt24v;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select (r).column2 from (select r from (values(1,2),(3,4)) r limit 1) ss;
+
+-- test pretty-print parenthesization rules, and SubLink deparsing
+
+create view tt26v as
+select x + y + z as c1,
+       (x * y) + z as c2,
+       x + (y * z) as c3,
+       (x + y) * z as c4,
+       x * (y + z) as c5,
+       x + (y + z) as c6,
+       x + (y # z) as c7,
+       (x > y) AND (y > z OR x > z) as c8,
+       (x > y) OR (y > z AND NOT (x > z)) as c9,
+       (x,y) <> ALL (values(1,2),(3,4)) as c10,
+       (x,y) <= ANY (values(1,2),(3,4)) as c11
+from (values(1,2,3)) v(x,y,z);
+select pg_get_viewdef('tt26v', true);
+
+
+-- Test that changing the relkind of a relcache entry doesn't cause
+-- trouble. Prior instances of where it did:
+-- CALDaNm2yXz+zOtv7y5zBd5WKT8O0Ld3YxikuU3dcyCvxF7gypA@mail.gmail.com
+-- CALDaNm3oZA-8Wbps2Jd1g5_Gjrr-x3YWrJPek-mF5Asrrvz2Dg@mail.gmail.com
+CREATE TABLE tt26(c int);
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE tt27(c int);
+SAVEPOINT q;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO tt27 DO INSTEAD SELECT * FROM tt26;
+SELECT * FROM tt27;
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO tt27 DO INSTEAD SELECT * FROM tt26;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE tt28(c int);
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO tt28 DO INSTEAD SELECT * FROM tt26;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO tt28 DO INSTEAD SELECT * FROM tt26;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+
+-- clean up all the random objects we made above
+DROP SCHEMA temp_view_test CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA testviewschm2 CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/date.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/date.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f7435b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/date.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+--
+-- DATE
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE DATE_TBL (f1 date);
+
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1957-04-09');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1957-06-13');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1996-02-28');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1996-02-29');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1996-03-01');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1996-03-02');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-28');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-29');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1997-03-01');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('1997-03-02');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2000-04-01');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2000-04-02');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2000-04-03');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2038-04-08');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2039-04-09');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2040-04-10');
+INSERT INTO DATE_TBL VALUES ('2040-04-10 BC');
+
+SELECT f1 FROM DATE_TBL;
+
+SELECT f1 FROM DATE_TBL WHERE f1 < '2000-01-01';
+
+SELECT f1 FROM DATE_TBL
+  WHERE f1 BETWEEN '2000-01-01' AND '2001-01-01';
+
+--
+-- Check all the documented input formats
+--
+SET datestyle TO iso;  -- display results in ISO
+
+SET datestyle TO ymd;
+
+SELECT date 'January 8, 1999';
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+SELECT date '1999-01-18';
+SELECT date '1/8/1999';
+SELECT date '1/18/1999';
+SELECT date '18/1/1999';
+SELECT date '01/02/03';
+SELECT date '19990108';
+SELECT date '990108';
+SELECT date '1999.008';
+SELECT date 'J2451187';
+SELECT date 'January 8, 99 BC';
+
+SELECT date '99-Jan-08';
+SELECT date '1999-Jan-08';
+SELECT date '08-Jan-99';
+SELECT date '08-Jan-1999';
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-99';
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-1999';
+SELECT date '99-08-Jan';
+SELECT date '1999-08-Jan';
+
+SELECT date '99 Jan 08';
+SELECT date '1999 Jan 08';
+SELECT date '08 Jan 99';
+SELECT date '08 Jan 1999';
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 99';
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 1999';
+SELECT date '99 08 Jan';
+SELECT date '1999 08 Jan';
+
+SELECT date '99-01-08';
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+SELECT date '08-01-99';
+SELECT date '08-01-1999';
+SELECT date '01-08-99';
+SELECT date '01-08-1999';
+SELECT date '99-08-01';
+SELECT date '1999-08-01';
+
+SELECT date '99 01 08';
+SELECT date '1999 01 08';
+SELECT date '08 01 99';
+SELECT date '08 01 1999';
+SELECT date '01 08 99';
+SELECT date '01 08 1999';
+SELECT date '99 08 01';
+SELECT date '1999 08 01';
+
+SET datestyle TO dmy;
+
+SELECT date 'January 8, 1999';
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+SELECT date '1999-01-18';
+SELECT date '1/8/1999';
+SELECT date '1/18/1999';
+SELECT date '18/1/1999';
+SELECT date '01/02/03';
+SELECT date '19990108';
+SELECT date '990108';
+SELECT date '1999.008';
+SELECT date 'J2451187';
+SELECT date 'January 8, 99 BC';
+
+SELECT date '99-Jan-08';
+SELECT date '1999-Jan-08';
+SELECT date '08-Jan-99';
+SELECT date '08-Jan-1999';
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-99';
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-1999';
+SELECT date '99-08-Jan';
+SELECT date '1999-08-Jan';
+
+SELECT date '99 Jan 08';
+SELECT date '1999 Jan 08';
+SELECT date '08 Jan 99';
+SELECT date '08 Jan 1999';
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 99';
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 1999';
+SELECT date '99 08 Jan';
+SELECT date '1999 08 Jan';
+
+SELECT date '99-01-08';
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+SELECT date '08-01-99';
+SELECT date '08-01-1999';
+SELECT date '01-08-99';
+SELECT date '01-08-1999';
+SELECT date '99-08-01';
+SELECT date '1999-08-01';
+
+SELECT date '99 01 08';
+SELECT date '1999 01 08';
+SELECT date '08 01 99';
+SELECT date '08 01 1999';
+SELECT date '01 08 99';
+SELECT date '01 08 1999';
+SELECT date '99 08 01';
+SELECT date '1999 08 01';
+
+SET datestyle TO mdy;
+
+SELECT date 'January 8, 1999';
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+SELECT date '1999-01-18';
+SELECT date '1/8/1999';
+SELECT date '1/18/1999';
+SELECT date '18/1/1999';
+SELECT date '01/02/03';
+SELECT date '19990108';
+SELECT date '990108';
+SELECT date '1999.008';
+SELECT date 'J2451187';
+SELECT date 'January 8, 99 BC';
+
+SELECT date '99-Jan-08';
+SELECT date '1999-Jan-08';
+SELECT date '08-Jan-99';
+SELECT date '08-Jan-1999';
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-99';
+SELECT date 'Jan-08-1999';
+SELECT date '99-08-Jan';
+SELECT date '1999-08-Jan';
+
+SELECT date '99 Jan 08';
+SELECT date '1999 Jan 08';
+SELECT date '08 Jan 99';
+SELECT date '08 Jan 1999';
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 99';
+SELECT date 'Jan 08 1999';
+SELECT date '99 08 Jan';
+SELECT date '1999 08 Jan';
+
+SELECT date '99-01-08';
+SELECT date '1999-01-08';
+SELECT date '08-01-99';
+SELECT date '08-01-1999';
+SELECT date '01-08-99';
+SELECT date '01-08-1999';
+SELECT date '99-08-01';
+SELECT date '1999-08-01';
+
+SELECT date '99 01 08';
+SELECT date '1999 01 08';
+SELECT date '08 01 99';
+SELECT date '08 01 1999';
+SELECT date '01 08 99';
+SELECT date '01 08 1999';
+SELECT date '99 08 01';
+SELECT date '1999 08 01';
+
+-- Check upper and lower limits of date range
+SELECT date '4714-11-24 BC';
+SELECT date '4714-11-23 BC';  -- out of range
+SELECT date '5874897-12-31';
+SELECT date '5874898-01-01';  -- out of range
+
+RESET datestyle;
+
+--
+-- Simple math
+-- Leave most of it for the horology tests
+--
+
+SELECT f1 - date '2000-01-01' AS "Days From 2K" FROM DATE_TBL;
+
+SELECT f1 - date 'epoch' AS "Days From Epoch" FROM DATE_TBL;
+
+SELECT date 'yesterday' - date 'today' AS "One day";
+
+SELECT date 'today' - date 'tomorrow' AS "One day";
+
+SELECT date 'yesterday' - date 'tomorrow' AS "Two days";
+
+SELECT date 'tomorrow' - date 'today' AS "One day";
+
+SELECT date 'today' - date 'yesterday' AS "One day";
+
+SELECT date 'tomorrow' - date 'yesterday' AS "Two days";
+
+--
+-- test extract!
+--
+SELECT f1 as "date",
+    date_part('year', f1) AS year,
+    date_part('month', f1) AS month,
+    date_part('day', f1) AS day,
+    date_part('quarter', f1) AS quarter,
+    date_part('decade', f1) AS decade,
+    date_part('century', f1) AS century,
+    date_part('millennium', f1) AS millennium,
+    date_part('isoyear', f1) AS isoyear,
+    date_part('week', f1) AS week,
+    date_part('dow', f1) AS dow,
+    date_part('isodow', f1) AS isodow,
+    date_part('doy', f1) AS doy,
+    date_part('julian', f1) AS julian,
+    date_part('epoch', f1) AS epoch
+    FROM date_tbl;
+--
+-- epoch
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM DATE        '1970-01-01');     --  0
+--
+-- century
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '0101-12-31 BC'); -- -2
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '0100-12-31 BC'); -- -1
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '0001-12-31 BC'); -- -1
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '0001-01-01');    --  1
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '0001-01-01 AD'); --  1
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '1900-12-31');    -- 19
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '1901-01-01');    -- 20
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '2000-12-31');    -- 20
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '2001-01-01');    -- 21
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM CURRENT_DATE)>=21 AS True;     -- true
+--
+-- millennium
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '0001-12-31 BC'); -- -1
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '0001-01-01 AD'); --  1
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '1000-12-31');    --  1
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '1001-01-01');    --  2
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '2000-12-31');    --  2
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE '2001-01-01');    --  3
+-- next test to be fixed on the turn of the next millennium;-)
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM CURRENT_DATE);         --  3
+--
+-- decade
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '1994-12-25');    -- 199
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0010-01-01');    --   1
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0009-12-31');    --   0
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0001-01-01 BC'); --   0
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0002-12-31 BC'); --  -1
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0011-01-01 BC'); --  -1
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM DATE '0012-12-31 BC'); --  -2
+--
+-- all possible fields
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(MICROSECONDS  FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLISECONDS  FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(SECOND        FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(MINUTE        FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR          FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY           FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH         FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR          FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR          FROM DATE '2020-08-11 BC');
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE        FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY       FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM    FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISOYEAR       FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISOYEAR       FROM DATE '2020-08-11 BC');
+SELECT EXTRACT(QUARTER       FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(WEEK          FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(DOW           FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(DOW           FROM DATE '2020-08-16');
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISODOW        FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISODOW        FROM DATE '2020-08-16');
+SELECT EXTRACT(DOY           FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE      FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_M    FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_H    FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH         FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+SELECT EXTRACT(JULIAN        FROM DATE '2020-08-11');
+--
+-- test trunc function!
+--
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('MILLENNIUM', TIMESTAMP '1970-03-20 04:30:00.00000'); -- 1001
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('MILLENNIUM', DATE '1970-03-20'); -- 1001-01-01
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('CENTURY', TIMESTAMP '1970-03-20 04:30:00.00000'); -- 1901
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('CENTURY', DATE '1970-03-20'); -- 1901
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('CENTURY', DATE '2004-08-10'); -- 2001-01-01
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('CENTURY', DATE '0002-02-04'); -- 0001-01-01
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('CENTURY', DATE '0055-08-10 BC'); -- 0100-01-01 BC
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('DECADE', DATE '1993-12-25'); -- 1990-01-01
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('DECADE', DATE '0004-12-25'); -- 0001-01-01 BC
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('DECADE', DATE '0002-12-31 BC'); -- 0011-01-01 BC
+--
+-- test infinity
+--
+select 'infinity'::date, '-infinity'::date;
+select 'infinity'::date > 'today'::date as t;
+select '-infinity'::date < 'today'::date as t;
+select isfinite('infinity'::date), isfinite('-infinity'::date), isfinite('today'::date);
+--
+-- oscillating fields from non-finite date:
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY FROM DATE 'infinity');      -- NULL
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY FROM DATE '-infinity');     -- NULL
+-- all supported fields
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY           FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH         FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+SELECT EXTRACT(QUARTER       FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+SELECT EXTRACT(WEEK          FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+SELECT EXTRACT(DOW           FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISODOW        FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+SELECT EXTRACT(DOY           FROM DATE 'infinity');    -- NULL
+--
+-- monotonic fields from non-finite date:
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM DATE 'infinity');         --  Infinity
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM DATE '-infinity');        -- -Infinity
+-- all supported fields
+SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR       FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE     FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY    FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+SELECT EXTRACT(JULIAN     FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+SELECT EXTRACT(ISOYEAR    FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH      FROM DATE 'infinity');    --  Infinity
+--
+-- wrong fields from non-finite date:
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(MICROSEC  FROM DATE 'infinity');     -- error
+
+-- test constructors
+select make_date(2013, 7, 15);
+select make_date(-44, 3, 15);
+select make_time(8, 20, 0.0);
+-- should fail
+select make_date(0, 7, 15);
+select make_date(2013, 2, 30);
+select make_date(2013, 13, 1);
+select make_date(2013, 11, -1);
+select make_time(10, 55, 100.1);
+select make_time(24, 0, 2.1);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/dbsize.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/dbsize.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7df8652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/dbsize.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+SELECT size, pg_size_pretty(size), pg_size_pretty(-1 * size) FROM
+    (VALUES (10::bigint), (1000::bigint), (1000000::bigint),
+            (1000000000::bigint), (1000000000000::bigint),
+            (1000000000000000::bigint)) x(size);
+
+SELECT size, pg_size_pretty(size), pg_size_pretty(-1 * size) FROM
+    (VALUES (10::numeric), (1000::numeric), (1000000::numeric),
+            (1000000000::numeric), (1000000000000::numeric),
+            (1000000000000000::numeric),
+            (10.5::numeric), (1000.5::numeric), (1000000.5::numeric),
+            (1000000000.5::numeric), (1000000000000.5::numeric),
+            (1000000000000000.5::numeric)) x(size);
+
+-- test where units change up
+SELECT size, pg_size_pretty(size), pg_size_pretty(-1 * size) FROM
+    (VALUES (10239::bigint), (10240::bigint),
+            (10485247::bigint), (10485248::bigint),
+            (10736893951::bigint), (10736893952::bigint),
+            (10994579406847::bigint), (10994579406848::bigint),
+            (11258449312612351::bigint), (11258449312612352::bigint)) x(size);
+
+SELECT size, pg_size_pretty(size), pg_size_pretty(-1 * size) FROM
+    (VALUES (10239::numeric), (10240::numeric),
+            (10485247::numeric), (10485248::numeric),
+            (10736893951::numeric), (10736893952::numeric),
+            (10994579406847::numeric), (10994579406848::numeric),
+            (11258449312612351::numeric), (11258449312612352::numeric),
+            (11528652096115048447::numeric), (11528652096115048448::numeric)) x(size);
+
+-- pg_size_bytes() tests
+SELECT size, pg_size_bytes(size) FROM
+    (VALUES ('1'), ('123bytes'), ('1kB'), ('1MB'), (' 1 GB'), ('1.5 GB '),
+            ('1TB'), ('3000 TB'), ('1e6 MB'), ('99 PB')) x(size);
+
+-- case-insensitive units are supported
+SELECT size, pg_size_bytes(size) FROM
+    (VALUES ('1'), ('123bYteS'), ('1kb'), ('1mb'), (' 1 Gb'), ('1.5 gB '),
+            ('1tb'), ('3000 tb'), ('1e6 mb'), ('99 pb')) x(size);
+
+-- negative numbers are supported
+SELECT size, pg_size_bytes(size) FROM
+    (VALUES ('-1'), ('-123bytes'), ('-1kb'), ('-1mb'), (' -1 Gb'), ('-1.5 gB '),
+            ('-1tb'), ('-3000 TB'), ('-10e-1 MB'), ('-99 PB')) x(size);
+
+-- different cases with allowed points
+SELECT size, pg_size_bytes(size) FROM
+     (VALUES ('-1.'), ('-1.kb'), ('-1. kb'), ('-0. gb'),
+             ('-.1'), ('-.1kb'), ('-.1 kb'), ('-.0 gb')) x(size);
+
+-- invalid inputs
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1 AB');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1 AB A');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1 AB A    ');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('9223372036854775807.9');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1e100');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1e1000000000000000000');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('1 byte');  -- the singular "byte" is not supported
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('');
+
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('kb');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('..');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('-.');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('-.kb');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('-. kb');
+
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('.+912');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('+912+ kB');
+SELECT pg_size_bytes('++123 kB');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/delete.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/delete.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8cb99e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/delete.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+CREATE TABLE delete_test (
+    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    a INT,
+    b text
+);
+
+INSERT INTO delete_test (a) VALUES (10);
+INSERT INTO delete_test (a, b) VALUES (50, repeat('x', 10000));
+INSERT INTO delete_test (a) VALUES (100);
+
+-- allow an alias to be specified for DELETE's target table
+DELETE FROM delete_test AS dt WHERE dt.a > 75;
+
+-- if an alias is specified, don't allow the original table name
+-- to be referenced
+DELETE FROM delete_test dt WHERE delete_test.a > 25;
+
+SELECT id, a, char_length(b) FROM delete_test;
+
+-- delete a row with a TOASTed value
+DELETE FROM delete_test WHERE a > 25;
+
+SELECT id, a, char_length(b) FROM delete_test;
+
+DROP TABLE delete_test;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/dependency.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/dependency.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2559c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/dependency.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+--
+-- DEPENDENCIES
+--
+
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user;
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user2;
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user3;
+CREATE GROUP regress_dep_group;
+
+CREATE TABLE deptest (f1 serial primary key, f2 text);
+
+GRANT SELECT ON TABLE deptest TO GROUP regress_dep_group;
+GRANT ALL ON TABLE deptest TO regress_dep_user, regress_dep_user2;
+
+-- can't drop neither because they have privileges somewhere
+DROP USER regress_dep_user;
+DROP GROUP regress_dep_group;
+
+-- if we revoke the privileges we can drop the group
+REVOKE SELECT ON deptest FROM GROUP regress_dep_group;
+DROP GROUP regress_dep_group;
+
+-- can't drop the user if we revoke the privileges partially
+REVOKE SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, REFERENCES ON deptest FROM regress_dep_user;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user;
+
+-- now we are OK to drop him
+REVOKE TRIGGER ON deptest FROM regress_dep_user;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user;
+
+-- we are OK too if we drop the privileges all at once
+REVOKE ALL ON deptest FROM regress_dep_user2;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user2;
+
+-- can't drop the owner of an object
+-- the error message detail here would include a pg_toast_nnn name that
+-- is not constant, so suppress it
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+ALTER TABLE deptest OWNER TO regress_dep_user3;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user3;
+\set VERBOSITY default
+
+-- if we drop the object, we can drop the user too
+DROP TABLE deptest;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user3;
+
+-- Test DROP OWNED
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user0;
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user1;
+CREATE USER regress_dep_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_dep_user0;
+-- permission denied
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user1;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user0, regress_dep_user2;
+REASSIGN OWNED BY regress_dep_user0 TO regress_dep_user1;
+REASSIGN OWNED BY regress_dep_user1 TO regress_dep_user0;
+-- this one is allowed
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user0;
+
+CREATE TABLE deptest1 (f1 int unique);
+GRANT ALL ON deptest1 TO regress_dep_user1 WITH GRANT OPTION;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_dep_user1;
+CREATE TABLE deptest (a serial primary key, b text);
+GRANT ALL ON deptest1 TO regress_dep_user2;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+\z deptest1
+
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user1;
+-- all grants revoked
+\z deptest1
+-- table was dropped
+\d deptest
+
+-- Test REASSIGN OWNED
+GRANT ALL ON deptest1 TO regress_dep_user1;
+GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE regression TO regress_dep_user1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_dep_user1;
+CREATE SCHEMA deptest;
+CREATE TABLE deptest (a serial primary key, b text);
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_dep_user1 IN SCHEMA deptest
+  GRANT ALL ON TABLES TO regress_dep_user2;
+CREATE FUNCTION deptest_func() RETURNS void LANGUAGE plpgsql
+  AS $$ BEGIN END; $$;
+CREATE TYPE deptest_enum AS ENUM ('red');
+CREATE TYPE deptest_range AS RANGE (SUBTYPE = int4);
+
+CREATE TABLE deptest2 (f1 int);
+-- make a serial column the hard way
+CREATE SEQUENCE ss1;
+ALTER TABLE deptest2 ALTER f1 SET DEFAULT nextval('ss1');
+ALTER SEQUENCE ss1 OWNED BY deptest2.f1;
+
+-- When reassigning ownership of a composite type, its pg_class entry
+-- should match
+CREATE TYPE deptest_t AS (a int);
+SELECT typowner = relowner
+FROM pg_type JOIN pg_class c ON typrelid = c.oid WHERE typname = 'deptest_t';
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+REASSIGN OWNED BY regress_dep_user1 TO regress_dep_user2;
+\dt deptest
+
+SELECT typowner = relowner
+FROM pg_type JOIN pg_class c ON typrelid = c.oid WHERE typname = 'deptest_t';
+
+-- doesn't work: grant still exists
+DROP USER regress_dep_user1;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user1;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user1;
+
+DROP USER regress_dep_user2;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_dep_user2, regress_dep_user0;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user2;
+DROP USER regress_dep_user0;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/domain.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/domain.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b735d9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/domain.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,792 @@
+--
+-- Test domains.
+--
+
+-- Test Comment / Drop
+create domain domaindroptest int4;
+comment on domain domaindroptest is 'About to drop this..';
+
+create domain dependenttypetest domaindroptest;
+
+-- fail because of dependent type
+drop domain domaindroptest;
+
+drop domain domaindroptest cascade;
+
+-- this should fail because already gone
+drop domain domaindroptest cascade;
+
+
+-- Test domain input.
+
+-- Note: the point of checking both INSERT and COPY FROM is that INSERT
+-- exercises CoerceToDomain while COPY exercises domain_in.
+
+create domain domainvarchar varchar(5);
+create domain domainnumeric numeric(8,2);
+create domain domainint4 int4;
+create domain domaintext text;
+
+-- Test explicit coercions --- these should succeed (and truncate)
+SELECT cast('123456' as domainvarchar);
+SELECT cast('12345' as domainvarchar);
+
+-- Test tables using domains
+create table basictest
+           ( testint4 domainint4
+           , testtext domaintext
+           , testvarchar domainvarchar
+           , testnumeric domainnumeric
+           );
+
+INSERT INTO basictest values ('88', 'haha', 'short', '123.12');      -- Good
+INSERT INTO basictest values ('88', 'haha', 'short text', '123.12'); -- Bad varchar
+INSERT INTO basictest values ('88', 'haha', 'short', '123.1212');    -- Truncate numeric
+
+-- Test copy
+COPY basictest (testvarchar) FROM stdin; -- fail
+notsoshorttext
+\.
+
+COPY basictest (testvarchar) FROM stdin;
+short
+\.
+
+select * from basictest;
+
+-- check that domains inherit operations from base types
+select testtext || testvarchar as concat, testnumeric + 42 as sum
+from basictest;
+
+-- check that union/case/coalesce type resolution handles domains properly
+select pg_typeof(coalesce(4::domainint4, 7));
+select pg_typeof(coalesce(4::domainint4, 7::domainint4));
+
+drop table basictest;
+drop domain domainvarchar restrict;
+drop domain domainnumeric restrict;
+drop domain domainint4 restrict;
+drop domain domaintext;
+
+
+-- Test domains over array types
+
+create domain domainint4arr int4[1];
+create domain domainchar4arr varchar(4)[2][3];
+
+create table domarrtest
+           ( testint4arr domainint4arr
+           , testchar4arr domainchar4arr
+            );
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"},{"c","d"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{{2,2},{2,2}}', '{{"a","b"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"},{"c","d"},{"e","f"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a"},{"c"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values (NULL, '{{"a","b","c"},{"d","e","f"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values (NULL, '{{"toolong","b","c"},{"d","e","f"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest (testint4arr[1], testint4arr[3]) values (11,22);
+select * from domarrtest;
+select testint4arr[1], testchar4arr[2:2] from domarrtest;
+select array_dims(testint4arr), array_dims(testchar4arr) from domarrtest;
+
+COPY domarrtest FROM stdin;
+{3,4}	{q,w,e}
+\N	\N
+\.
+
+COPY domarrtest FROM stdin;	-- fail
+{3,4}	{qwerty,w,e}
+\.
+
+select * from domarrtest;
+
+update domarrtest set
+  testint4arr[1] = testint4arr[1] + 1,
+  testint4arr[3] = testint4arr[3] - 1
+where testchar4arr is null;
+
+select * from domarrtest where testchar4arr is null;
+
+drop table domarrtest;
+drop domain domainint4arr restrict;
+drop domain domainchar4arr restrict;
+
+create domain dia as int[];
+select '{1,2,3}'::dia;
+select array_dims('{1,2,3}'::dia);
+select pg_typeof('{1,2,3}'::dia);
+select pg_typeof('{1,2,3}'::dia || 42); -- should be int[] not dia
+drop domain dia;
+
+
+-- Test domains over composites
+
+create type comptype as (r float8, i float8);
+create domain dcomptype as comptype;
+create table dcomptable (d1 dcomptype unique);
+
+insert into dcomptable values (row(1,2)::dcomptype);
+insert into dcomptable values (row(3,4)::comptype);
+insert into dcomptable values (row(1,2)::dcomptype);  -- fail on uniqueness
+insert into dcomptable (d1.r) values(11);
+
+select * from dcomptable;
+select (d1).r, (d1).i, (d1).* from dcomptable;
+update dcomptable set d1.r = (d1).r + 1 where (d1).i > 0;
+select * from dcomptable;
+
+alter domain dcomptype add constraint c1 check ((value).r <= (value).i);
+alter domain dcomptype add constraint c2 check ((value).r > (value).i);  -- fail
+
+select row(2,1)::dcomptype;  -- fail
+insert into dcomptable values (row(1,2)::comptype);
+insert into dcomptable values (row(2,1)::comptype);  -- fail
+insert into dcomptable (d1.r) values(99);
+insert into dcomptable (d1.r, d1.i) values(99, 100);
+insert into dcomptable (d1.r, d1.i) values(100, 99);  -- fail
+update dcomptable set d1.r = (d1).r + 1 where (d1).i > 0;  -- fail
+update dcomptable set d1.r = (d1).r - 1, d1.i = (d1).i + 1 where (d1).i > 0;
+select * from dcomptable;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  update dcomptable set d1.r = (d1).r - 1, d1.i = (d1).i + 1 where (d1).i > 0;
+create rule silly as on delete to dcomptable do instead
+  update dcomptable set d1.r = (d1).r - 1, d1.i = (d1).i + 1 where (d1).i > 0;
+\d+ dcomptable
+
+create function makedcomp(r float8, i float8) returns dcomptype
+as 'select row(r, i)' language sql;
+
+select makedcomp(1,2);
+select makedcomp(2,1);  -- fail
+select * from makedcomp(1,2) m;
+select m, m is not null from makedcomp(1,2) m;
+
+drop function makedcomp(float8, float8);
+drop table dcomptable;
+drop type comptype cascade;
+
+
+-- check altering and dropping columns used by domain constraints
+create type comptype as (r float8, i float8);
+create domain dcomptype as comptype;
+alter domain dcomptype add constraint c1 check ((value).r > 0);
+comment on constraint c1 on domain dcomptype is 'random commentary';
+
+select row(0,1)::dcomptype;  -- fail
+
+alter type comptype alter attribute r type varchar;  -- fail
+alter type comptype alter attribute r type bigint;
+
+alter type comptype drop attribute r;  -- fail
+alter type comptype drop attribute i;
+
+select conname, obj_description(oid, 'pg_constraint') from pg_constraint
+  where contypid = 'dcomptype'::regtype;  -- check comment is still there
+
+drop type comptype cascade;
+
+
+-- Test domains over arrays of composite
+
+create type comptype as (r float8, i float8);
+create domain dcomptypea as comptype[];
+create table dcomptable (d1 dcomptypea unique);
+
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(1,2)]::dcomptypea);
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(3,4), row(5,6)]::comptype[]);
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(7,8)::comptype, row(9,10)::comptype]);
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(1,2)]::dcomptypea);  -- fail on uniqueness
+insert into dcomptable (d1[1]) values(row(9,10));
+insert into dcomptable (d1[1].r) values(11);
+
+select * from dcomptable;
+select d1[2], d1[1].r, d1[1].i from dcomptable;
+update dcomptable set d1[2] = row(d1[2].i, d1[2].r);
+select * from dcomptable;
+update dcomptable set d1[1].r = d1[1].r + 1 where d1[1].i > 0;
+select * from dcomptable;
+
+alter domain dcomptypea add constraint c1 check (value[1].r <= value[1].i);
+alter domain dcomptypea add constraint c2 check (value[1].r > value[1].i);  -- fail
+
+select array[row(2,1)]::dcomptypea;  -- fail
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(1,2)]::comptype[]);
+insert into dcomptable values (array[row(2,1)]::comptype[]);  -- fail
+insert into dcomptable (d1[1].r) values(99);
+insert into dcomptable (d1[1].r, d1[1].i) values(99, 100);
+insert into dcomptable (d1[1].r, d1[1].i) values(100, 99);  -- fail
+update dcomptable set d1[1].r = d1[1].r + 1 where d1[1].i > 0;  -- fail
+update dcomptable set d1[1].r = d1[1].r - 1, d1[1].i = d1[1].i + 1
+  where d1[1].i > 0;
+select * from dcomptable;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  update dcomptable set d1[1].r = d1[1].r - 1, d1[1].i = d1[1].i + 1
+    where d1[1].i > 0;
+create rule silly as on delete to dcomptable do instead
+  update dcomptable set d1[1].r = d1[1].r - 1, d1[1].i = d1[1].i + 1
+    where d1[1].i > 0;
+\d+ dcomptable
+
+drop table dcomptable;
+drop type comptype cascade;
+
+
+-- Test arrays over domains
+
+create domain posint as int check (value > 0);
+
+create table pitable (f1 posint[]);
+insert into pitable values(array[42]);
+insert into pitable values(array[-1]);  -- fail
+insert into pitable values('{0}');  -- fail
+update pitable set f1[1] = f1[1] + 1;
+update pitable set f1[1] = 0;  -- fail
+select * from pitable;
+drop table pitable;
+
+create domain vc4 as varchar(4);
+create table vc4table (f1 vc4[]);
+insert into vc4table values(array['too long']);  -- fail
+insert into vc4table values(array['too long']::vc4[]);  -- cast truncates
+select * from vc4table;
+drop table vc4table;
+drop type vc4;
+
+-- You can sort of fake arrays-of-arrays by putting a domain in between
+create domain dposinta as posint[];
+create table dposintatable (f1 dposinta[]);
+insert into dposintatable values(array[array[42]]);  -- fail
+insert into dposintatable values(array[array[42]::posint[]]); -- still fail
+insert into dposintatable values(array[array[42]::dposinta]); -- but this works
+select f1, f1[1], (f1[1])[1] from dposintatable;
+select pg_typeof(f1) from dposintatable;
+select pg_typeof(f1[1]) from dposintatable;
+select pg_typeof(f1[1][1]) from dposintatable;
+select pg_typeof((f1[1])[1]) from dposintatable;
+update dposintatable set f1[2] = array[99];
+select f1, f1[1], (f1[2])[1] from dposintatable;
+-- it'd be nice if you could do something like this, but for now you can't:
+update dposintatable set f1[2][1] = array[97];
+-- maybe someday we can make this syntax work:
+update dposintatable set (f1[2])[1] = array[98];
+
+drop table dposintatable;
+drop domain posint cascade;
+
+
+-- Test arrays over domains of composite
+
+create type comptype as (cf1 int, cf2 int);
+create domain dcomptype as comptype check ((value).cf1 > 0);
+
+create table dcomptable (f1 dcomptype[]);
+insert into dcomptable values (null);
+update dcomptable set f1[1].cf2 = 5;
+table dcomptable;
+update dcomptable set f1[1].cf1 = -1;  -- fail
+update dcomptable set f1[1].cf1 = 1;
+table dcomptable;
+-- if there's no constraints, a different code path is taken:
+alter domain dcomptype drop constraint dcomptype_check;
+update dcomptable set f1[1].cf1 = -1;  -- now ok
+table dcomptable;
+
+drop table dcomptable;
+drop type comptype cascade;
+
+
+-- Test not-null restrictions
+
+create domain dnotnull varchar(15) NOT NULL;
+create domain dnull    varchar(15);
+create domain dcheck   varchar(15) NOT NULL CHECK (VALUE = 'a' OR VALUE = 'c' OR VALUE = 'd');
+
+create table nulltest
+           ( col1 dnotnull
+           , col2 dnotnull NULL  -- NOT NULL in the domain cannot be overridden
+           , col3 dnull    NOT NULL
+           , col4 dnull
+           , col5 dcheck CHECK (col5 IN ('c', 'd'))
+           );
+INSERT INTO nulltest DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO nulltest values ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'c');  -- Good
+insert into nulltest values ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', NULL);
+insert into nulltest values ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'a');
+INSERT INTO nulltest values (NULL, 'b', 'c', 'd', 'd');
+INSERT INTO nulltest values ('a', NULL, 'c', 'd', 'c');
+INSERT INTO nulltest values ('a', 'b', NULL, 'd', 'c');
+INSERT INTO nulltest values ('a', 'b', 'c', NULL, 'd'); -- Good
+
+-- Test copy
+COPY nulltest FROM stdin; --fail
+a	b	\N	d	d
+\.
+
+COPY nulltest FROM stdin; --fail
+a	b	c	d	\N
+\.
+
+-- Last row is bad
+COPY nulltest FROM stdin;
+a	b	c	\N	c
+a	b	c	\N	d
+a	b	c	\N	a
+\.
+
+select * from nulltest;
+
+-- Test out coerced (casted) constraints
+SELECT cast('1' as dnotnull);
+SELECT cast(NULL as dnotnull); -- fail
+SELECT cast(cast(NULL as dnull) as dnotnull); -- fail
+SELECT cast(col4 as dnotnull) from nulltest; -- fail
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table nulltest;
+drop domain dnotnull restrict;
+drop domain dnull restrict;
+drop domain dcheck restrict;
+
+
+create domain ddef1 int4 DEFAULT 3;
+create domain ddef2 oid DEFAULT '12';
+-- Type mixing, function returns int8
+create domain ddef3 text DEFAULT 5;
+create sequence ddef4_seq;
+create domain ddef4 int4 DEFAULT nextval('ddef4_seq');
+create domain ddef5 numeric(8,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '12.12';
+
+create table defaulttest
+            ( col1 ddef1
+            , col2 ddef2
+            , col3 ddef3
+            , col4 ddef4 PRIMARY KEY
+            , col5 ddef1 NOT NULL DEFAULT NULL
+            , col6 ddef2 DEFAULT '88'
+            , col7 ddef4 DEFAULT 8000
+            , col8 ddef5
+            );
+insert into defaulttest(col4) values(0); -- fails, col5 defaults to null
+alter table defaulttest alter column col5 drop default;
+insert into defaulttest default values; -- succeeds, inserts domain default
+-- We used to treat SET DEFAULT NULL as equivalent to DROP DEFAULT; wrong
+alter table defaulttest alter column col5 set default null;
+insert into defaulttest(col4) values(0); -- fails
+alter table defaulttest alter column col5 drop default;
+insert into defaulttest default values;
+insert into defaulttest default values;
+
+-- Test defaults with copy
+COPY defaulttest(col5) FROM stdin;
+42
+\.
+
+select * from defaulttest;
+
+drop table defaulttest cascade;
+
+-- Test ALTER DOMAIN .. NOT NULL
+create domain dnotnulltest integer;
+create table domnotnull
+( col1 dnotnulltest
+, col2 dnotnulltest
+);
+
+insert into domnotnull default values;
+alter domain dnotnulltest set not null; -- fails
+
+update domnotnull set col1 = 5;
+alter domain dnotnulltest set not null; -- fails
+
+update domnotnull set col2 = 6;
+
+alter domain dnotnulltest set not null;
+
+update domnotnull set col1 = null; -- fails
+
+alter domain dnotnulltest drop not null;
+
+update domnotnull set col1 = null;
+
+drop domain dnotnulltest cascade;
+
+-- Test ALTER DOMAIN .. DEFAULT ..
+create table domdeftest (col1 ddef1);
+
+insert into domdeftest default values;
+select * from domdeftest;
+
+alter domain ddef1 set default '42';
+insert into domdeftest default values;
+select * from domdeftest;
+
+alter domain ddef1 drop default;
+insert into domdeftest default values;
+select * from domdeftest;
+
+drop table domdeftest;
+
+-- Test ALTER DOMAIN .. CONSTRAINT ..
+create domain con as integer;
+create table domcontest (col1 con);
+
+insert into domcontest values (1);
+insert into domcontest values (2);
+alter domain con add constraint t check (VALUE < 1); -- fails
+
+alter domain con add constraint t check (VALUE < 34);
+alter domain con add check (VALUE > 0);
+
+insert into domcontest values (-5); -- fails
+insert into domcontest values (42); -- fails
+insert into domcontest values (5);
+
+alter domain con drop constraint t;
+insert into domcontest values (-5); --fails
+insert into domcontest values (42);
+
+alter domain con drop constraint nonexistent;
+alter domain con drop constraint if exists nonexistent;
+
+-- Test ALTER DOMAIN .. CONSTRAINT .. NOT VALID
+create domain things AS INT;
+CREATE TABLE thethings (stuff things);
+INSERT INTO thethings (stuff) VALUES (55);
+ALTER DOMAIN things ADD CONSTRAINT meow CHECK (VALUE < 11);
+ALTER DOMAIN things ADD CONSTRAINT meow CHECK (VALUE < 11) NOT VALID;
+ALTER DOMAIN things VALIDATE CONSTRAINT meow;
+UPDATE thethings SET stuff = 10;
+ALTER DOMAIN things VALIDATE CONSTRAINT meow;
+
+-- Confirm ALTER DOMAIN with RULES.
+create table domtab (col1 integer);
+create domain dom as integer;
+create view domview as select cast(col1 as dom) from domtab;
+insert into domtab (col1) values (null);
+insert into domtab (col1) values (5);
+select * from domview;
+
+alter domain dom set not null;
+select * from domview; -- fail
+
+alter domain dom drop not null;
+select * from domview;
+
+alter domain dom add constraint domchkgt6 check(value > 6);
+select * from domview; --fail
+
+alter domain dom drop constraint domchkgt6 restrict;
+select * from domview;
+
+-- cleanup
+drop domain ddef1 restrict;
+drop domain ddef2 restrict;
+drop domain ddef3 restrict;
+drop domain ddef4 restrict;
+drop domain ddef5 restrict;
+drop sequence ddef4_seq;
+
+-- Test domains over domains
+create domain vchar4 varchar(4);
+create domain dinter vchar4 check (substring(VALUE, 1, 1) = 'x');
+create domain dtop dinter check (substring(VALUE, 2, 1) = '1');
+
+select 'x123'::dtop;
+select 'x1234'::dtop; -- explicit coercion should truncate
+select 'y1234'::dtop; -- fail
+select 'y123'::dtop; -- fail
+select 'yz23'::dtop; -- fail
+select 'xz23'::dtop; -- fail
+
+create temp table dtest(f1 dtop);
+
+insert into dtest values('x123');
+insert into dtest values('x1234'); -- fail, implicit coercion
+insert into dtest values('y1234'); -- fail, implicit coercion
+insert into dtest values('y123'); -- fail
+insert into dtest values('yz23'); -- fail
+insert into dtest values('xz23'); -- fail
+
+drop table dtest;
+drop domain vchar4 cascade;
+
+-- Make sure that constraints of newly-added domain columns are
+-- enforced correctly, even if there's no default value for the new
+-- column. Per bug #1433
+create domain str_domain as text not null;
+
+create table domain_test (a int, b int);
+
+insert into domain_test values (1, 2);
+insert into domain_test values (1, 2);
+
+-- should fail
+alter table domain_test add column c str_domain;
+
+create domain str_domain2 as text check (value <> 'foo') default 'foo';
+
+-- should fail
+alter table domain_test add column d str_domain2;
+
+-- Check that domain constraints on prepared statement parameters of
+-- unknown type are enforced correctly.
+create domain pos_int as int4 check (value > 0) not null;
+prepare s1 as select $1::pos_int = 10 as "is_ten";
+
+execute s1(10);
+execute s1(0); -- should fail
+execute s1(NULL); -- should fail
+
+-- Check that domain constraints on plpgsql function parameters, results,
+-- and local variables are enforced correctly.
+
+create function doubledecrement(p1 pos_int) returns pos_int as $$
+declare v pos_int;
+begin
+    return p1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select doubledecrement(3); -- fail because of implicit null assignment
+
+create or replace function doubledecrement(p1 pos_int) returns pos_int as $$
+declare v pos_int := 0;
+begin
+    return p1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select doubledecrement(3); -- fail at initialization assignment
+
+create or replace function doubledecrement(p1 pos_int) returns pos_int as $$
+declare v pos_int := 1;
+begin
+    v := p1 - 1;
+    return v - 1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select doubledecrement(null); -- fail before call
+select doubledecrement(0); -- fail before call
+select doubledecrement(1); -- fail at assignment to v
+select doubledecrement(2); -- fail at return
+select doubledecrement(3); -- good
+
+-- Check that ALTER DOMAIN tests columns of derived types
+
+create domain posint as int4;
+
+-- Currently, this doesn't work for composite types, but verify it complains
+create type ddtest1 as (f1 posint);
+create table ddtest2(f1 ddtest1);
+insert into ddtest2 values(row(-1));
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+drop table ddtest2;
+
+-- Likewise for domains within arrays of composite
+create table ddtest2(f1 ddtest1[]);
+insert into ddtest2 values('{(-1)}');
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+drop table ddtest2;
+
+-- Likewise for domains within domains over composite
+create domain ddtest1d as ddtest1;
+create table ddtest2(f1 ddtest1d);
+insert into ddtest2 values('(-1)');
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+drop table ddtest2;
+drop domain ddtest1d;
+
+-- Likewise for domains within domains over array of composite
+create domain ddtest1d as ddtest1[];
+create table ddtest2(f1 ddtest1d);
+insert into ddtest2 values('{(-1)}');
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+drop table ddtest2;
+drop domain ddtest1d;
+
+-- Doesn't work for ranges, either
+create type rposint as range (subtype = posint);
+create table ddtest2(f1 rposint);
+insert into ddtest2 values('(-1,3]');
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+drop table ddtest2;
+drop type rposint;
+
+alter domain posint add constraint c1 check(value >= 0);
+
+create domain posint2 as posint check (value % 2 = 0);
+create table ddtest2(f1 posint2);
+insert into ddtest2 values(11); -- fail
+insert into ddtest2 values(-2); -- fail
+insert into ddtest2 values(2);
+
+alter domain posint add constraint c2 check(value >= 10); -- fail
+alter domain posint add constraint c2 check(value > 0); -- OK
+
+drop table ddtest2;
+drop type ddtest1;
+drop domain posint cascade;
+
+--
+-- Check enforcement of domain-related typmod in plpgsql (bug #5717)
+--
+
+create or replace function array_elem_check(numeric) returns numeric as $$
+declare
+  x numeric(4,2)[1];
+begin
+  x[1] := $1;
+  return x[1];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select array_elem_check(121.00);
+select array_elem_check(1.23456);
+
+create domain mynums as numeric(4,2)[1];
+
+create or replace function array_elem_check(numeric) returns numeric as $$
+declare
+  x mynums;
+begin
+  x[1] := $1;
+  return x[1];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select array_elem_check(121.00);
+select array_elem_check(1.23456);
+
+create domain mynums2 as mynums;
+
+create or replace function array_elem_check(numeric) returns numeric as $$
+declare
+  x mynums2;
+begin
+  x[1] := $1;
+  return x[1];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select array_elem_check(121.00);
+select array_elem_check(1.23456);
+
+drop function array_elem_check(numeric);
+
+--
+-- Check enforcement of array-level domain constraints
+--
+
+create domain orderedpair as int[2] check (value[1] < value[2]);
+
+select array[1,2]::orderedpair;
+select array[2,1]::orderedpair;  -- fail
+
+create temp table op (f1 orderedpair);
+insert into op values (array[1,2]);
+insert into op values (array[2,1]);  -- fail
+
+update op set f1[2] = 3;
+update op set f1[2] = 0;  -- fail
+select * from op;
+
+create or replace function array_elem_check(int) returns int as $$
+declare
+  x orderedpair := '{1,2}';
+begin
+  x[2] := $1;
+  return x[2];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select array_elem_check(3);
+select array_elem_check(-1);
+
+drop function array_elem_check(int);
+
+--
+-- Check enforcement of changing constraints in plpgsql
+--
+
+create domain di as int;
+
+create function dom_check(int) returns di as $$
+declare d di;
+begin
+  d := $1::di;
+  return d;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+
+select dom_check(0);
+
+alter domain di add constraint pos check (value > 0);
+
+select dom_check(0); -- fail
+
+alter domain di drop constraint pos;
+
+select dom_check(0);
+
+-- implicit cast during assignment is a separate code path, test that too
+
+create or replace function dom_check(int) returns di as $$
+declare d di;
+begin
+  d := $1;
+  return d;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+
+select dom_check(0);
+
+alter domain di add constraint pos check (value > 0);
+
+select dom_check(0); -- fail
+
+alter domain di drop constraint pos;
+
+select dom_check(0);
+
+drop function dom_check(int);
+
+drop domain di;
+
+--
+-- Check use of a (non-inline-able) SQL function in a domain constraint;
+-- this has caused issues in the past
+--
+
+create function sql_is_distinct_from(anyelement, anyelement)
+returns boolean language sql
+as 'select $1 is distinct from $2 limit 1';
+
+create domain inotnull int
+  check (sql_is_distinct_from(value, null));
+
+select 1::inotnull;
+select null::inotnull;
+
+create table dom_table (x inotnull);
+insert into dom_table values ('1');
+insert into dom_table values (1);
+insert into dom_table values (null);
+
+drop table dom_table;
+drop domain inotnull;
+drop function sql_is_distinct_from(anyelement, anyelement);
+
+--
+-- Renaming
+--
+
+create domain testdomain1 as int;
+alter domain testdomain1 rename to testdomain2;
+alter type testdomain2 rename to testdomain3;  -- alter type also works
+drop domain testdomain3;
+
+
+--
+-- Renaming domain constraints
+--
+
+create domain testdomain1 as int constraint unsigned check (value > 0);
+alter domain testdomain1 rename constraint unsigned to unsigned_foo;
+alter domain testdomain1 drop constraint unsigned_foo;
+drop domain testdomain1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/drop_if_exists.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/drop_if_exists.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac6168b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/drop_if_exists.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+--
+-- IF EXISTS tests
+--
+
+-- table (will be really dropped at the end)
+
+DROP TABLE test_exists;
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_exists;
+
+CREATE TABLE test_exists (a int, b text);
+
+-- view
+
+DROP VIEW test_view_exists;
+
+DROP VIEW IF EXISTS test_view_exists;
+
+CREATE VIEW test_view_exists AS select * from test_exists;
+
+DROP VIEW IF EXISTS test_view_exists;
+
+DROP VIEW test_view_exists;
+
+-- index
+
+DROP INDEX test_index_exists;
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS test_index_exists;
+
+CREATE INDEX test_index_exists on test_exists(a);
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS test_index_exists;
+
+DROP INDEX test_index_exists;
+
+-- sequence
+
+DROP SEQUENCE test_sequence_exists;
+
+DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS test_sequence_exists;
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE test_sequence_exists;
+
+DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS test_sequence_exists;
+
+DROP SEQUENCE test_sequence_exists;
+
+-- schema
+
+DROP SCHEMA test_schema_exists;
+
+DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS test_schema_exists;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA test_schema_exists;
+
+DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS test_schema_exists;
+
+DROP SCHEMA test_schema_exists;
+
+-- type
+
+DROP TYPE test_type_exists;
+
+DROP TYPE IF EXISTS test_type_exists;
+
+CREATE type test_type_exists as (a int, b text);
+
+DROP TYPE IF EXISTS test_type_exists;
+
+DROP TYPE test_type_exists;
+
+-- domain
+
+DROP DOMAIN test_domain_exists;
+
+DROP DOMAIN IF EXISTS test_domain_exists;
+
+CREATE domain test_domain_exists as int not null check (value > 0);
+
+DROP DOMAIN IF EXISTS test_domain_exists;
+
+DROP DOMAIN test_domain_exists;
+
+---
+--- role/user/group
+---
+
+CREATE USER regress_test_u1;
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_r1;
+CREATE GROUP regress_test_g1;
+
+DROP USER regress_test_u2;
+
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_test_u1, regress_test_u2;
+
+DROP USER regress_test_u1;
+
+DROP ROLE regress_test_r2;
+
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_test_r1, regress_test_r2;
+
+DROP ROLE regress_test_r1;
+
+DROP GROUP regress_test_g2;
+
+DROP GROUP IF EXISTS regress_test_g1, regress_test_g2;
+
+DROP GROUP regress_test_g1;
+
+-- collation
+DROP COLLATION IF EXISTS test_collation_exists;
+
+-- conversion
+DROP CONVERSION test_conversion_exists;
+DROP CONVERSION IF EXISTS test_conversion_exists;
+CREATE CONVERSION test_conversion_exists
+    FOR 'LATIN1' TO 'UTF8' FROM iso8859_1_to_utf8;
+DROP CONVERSION test_conversion_exists;
+
+-- text search parser
+DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER test_tsparser_exists;
+DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER IF EXISTS test_tsparser_exists;
+
+-- text search dictionary
+DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY test_tsdict_exists;
+DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY IF EXISTS test_tsdict_exists;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY test_tsdict_exists (
+        Template=ispell,
+        DictFile=ispell_sample,
+        AffFile=ispell_sample
+);
+DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY test_tsdict_exists;
+
+-- test search template
+DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE test_tstemplate_exists;
+DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE IF EXISTS test_tstemplate_exists;
+
+-- text search configuration
+DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION test_tsconfig_exists;
+DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION IF EXISTS test_tsconfig_exists;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION test_tsconfig_exists (COPY=english);
+DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION test_tsconfig_exists;
+
+-- extension
+DROP EXTENSION test_extension_exists;
+DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS test_extension_exists;
+
+-- functions
+DROP FUNCTION test_function_exists();
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS test_function_exists();
+
+DROP FUNCTION test_function_exists(int, text, int[]);
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS test_function_exists(int, text, int[]);
+
+-- aggregate
+DROP AGGREGATE test_aggregate_exists(*);
+DROP AGGREGATE IF EXISTS test_aggregate_exists(*);
+
+DROP AGGREGATE test_aggregate_exists(int);
+DROP AGGREGATE IF EXISTS test_aggregate_exists(int);
+
+-- operator
+DROP OPERATOR @#@ (int, int);
+DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS @#@ (int, int);
+CREATE OPERATOR @#@
+        (leftarg = int8, rightarg = int8, procedure = int8xor);
+DROP OPERATOR @#@ (int8, int8);
+
+-- language
+DROP LANGUAGE test_language_exists;
+DROP LANGUAGE IF EXISTS test_language_exists;
+
+-- cast
+DROP CAST (text AS text);
+DROP CAST IF EXISTS (text AS text);
+
+-- trigger
+DROP TRIGGER test_trigger_exists ON test_exists;
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS test_trigger_exists ON test_exists;
+
+DROP TRIGGER test_trigger_exists ON no_such_table;
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS test_trigger_exists ON no_such_table;
+
+DROP TRIGGER test_trigger_exists ON no_such_schema.no_such_table;
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS test_trigger_exists ON no_such_schema.no_such_table;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER test_trigger_exists
+    BEFORE UPDATE ON test_exists
+    FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE suppress_redundant_updates_trigger();
+DROP TRIGGER test_trigger_exists ON test_exists;
+
+-- rule
+DROP RULE test_rule_exists ON test_exists;
+DROP RULE IF EXISTS test_rule_exists ON test_exists;
+
+DROP RULE test_rule_exists ON no_such_table;
+DROP RULE IF EXISTS test_rule_exists ON no_such_table;
+
+DROP RULE test_rule_exists ON no_such_schema.no_such_table;
+DROP RULE IF EXISTS test_rule_exists ON no_such_schema.no_such_table;
+
+CREATE RULE test_rule_exists AS ON INSERT TO test_exists
+    DO INSTEAD
+    INSERT INTO test_exists VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b || NEW.a::text);
+DROP RULE test_rule_exists ON test_exists;
+
+-- foreign data wrapper
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER test_fdw_exists;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER IF EXISTS test_fdw_exists;
+
+-- foreign server
+DROP SERVER test_server_exists;
+DROP SERVER IF EXISTS test_server_exists;
+
+-- operator class
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS test_operator_class USING btree;
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS IF EXISTS test_operator_class USING btree;
+
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS test_operator_class USING no_such_am;
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS IF EXISTS test_operator_class USING no_such_am;
+
+-- operator family
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY test_operator_family USING btree;
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY IF EXISTS test_operator_family USING btree;
+
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY test_operator_family USING no_such_am;
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY IF EXISTS test_operator_family USING no_such_am;
+
+-- access method
+DROP ACCESS METHOD no_such_am;
+DROP ACCESS METHOD IF EXISTS no_such_am;
+
+-- drop the table
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_exists;
+
+DROP TABLE test_exists;
+
+-- be tolerant with missing schemas, types, etc
+
+DROP AGGREGATE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo(int);
+DROP AGGREGATE IF EXISTS foo(no_such_type);
+DROP AGGREGATE IF EXISTS foo(no_such_schema.no_such_type);
+DROP CAST IF EXISTS (INTEGER AS no_such_type2);
+DROP CAST IF EXISTS (no_such_type1 AS INTEGER);
+DROP CAST IF EXISTS (INTEGER AS no_such_schema.bar);
+DROP CAST IF EXISTS (no_such_schema.foo AS INTEGER);
+DROP COLLATION IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP CONVERSION IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP DOMAIN IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo();
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS foo(no_such_type);
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS foo(no_such_schema.no_such_type);
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS no_such_schema.+ (int, int);
+DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS + (no_such_type, no_such_type);
+DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS + (no_such_schema.no_such_type, no_such_schema.no_such_type);
+DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS # (NONE, no_such_schema.no_such_type);
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS IF EXISTS no_such_schema.widget_ops USING btree;
+DROP OPERATOR FAMILY IF EXISTS no_such_schema.float_ops USING btree;
+DROP RULE IF EXISTS foo ON no_such_schema.bar;
+DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS foo ON no_such_schema.bar;
+DROP TYPE IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+DROP VIEW IF EXISTS no_such_schema.foo;
+
+-- Check we receive an ambiguous function error when there are
+-- multiple matching functions.
+CREATE FUNCTION test_ambiguous_funcname(int) returns int as $$ select $1; $$ language sql;
+CREATE FUNCTION test_ambiguous_funcname(text) returns text as $$ select $1; $$ language sql;
+DROP FUNCTION test_ambiguous_funcname;
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS test_ambiguous_funcname;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FUNCTION test_ambiguous_funcname(int);
+DROP FUNCTION test_ambiguous_funcname(text);
+
+-- Likewise for procedures.
+CREATE PROCEDURE test_ambiguous_procname(int) as $$ begin end; $$ language plpgsql;
+CREATE PROCEDURE test_ambiguous_procname(text) as $$ begin end; $$ language plpgsql;
+DROP PROCEDURE test_ambiguous_procname;
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS test_ambiguous_procname;
+
+-- Check we get a similar error if we use ROUTINE instead of PROCEDURE.
+DROP ROUTINE IF EXISTS test_ambiguous_procname;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP PROCEDURE test_ambiguous_procname(int);
+DROP PROCEDURE test_ambiguous_procname(text);
+
+-- This test checks both the functionality of 'if exists' and the syntax
+-- of the drop database command.
+drop database test_database_exists (force);
+drop database test_database_exists with (force);
+drop database if exists test_database_exists (force);
+drop database if exists test_database_exists with (force);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/drop_operator.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/drop_operator.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc62cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/drop_operator.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+CREATE OPERATOR === (
+        PROCEDURE = int8eq,
+        LEFTARG = bigint,
+        RIGHTARG = bigint,
+        COMMUTATOR = ===
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR !== (
+        PROCEDURE = int8ne,
+        LEFTARG = bigint,
+        RIGHTARG = bigint,
+        NEGATOR = ===,
+        COMMUTATOR = !==
+);
+
+DROP OPERATOR !==(bigint, bigint);
+
+SELECT  ctid, oprcom
+FROM    pg_catalog.pg_operator fk
+WHERE   oprcom != 0 AND
+        NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_operator pk WHERE pk.oid = fk.oprcom);
+
+SELECT  ctid, oprnegate
+FROM    pg_catalog.pg_operator fk
+WHERE   oprnegate != 0 AND
+        NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_operator pk WHERE pk.oid = fk.oprnegate);
+
+DROP OPERATOR ===(bigint, bigint);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR <| (
+        PROCEDURE = int8lt,
+        LEFTARG = bigint,
+        RIGHTARG = bigint
+);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR |> (
+        PROCEDURE = int8gt,
+        LEFTARG = bigint,
+        RIGHTARG = bigint,
+        NEGATOR = <|,
+        COMMUTATOR = <|
+);
+
+DROP OPERATOR |>(bigint, bigint);
+
+SELECT  ctid, oprcom
+FROM    pg_catalog.pg_operator fk
+WHERE   oprcom != 0 AND
+        NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_operator pk WHERE pk.oid = fk.oprcom);
+
+SELECT  ctid, oprnegate
+FROM    pg_catalog.pg_operator fk
+WHERE   oprnegate != 0 AND
+        NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_operator pk WHERE pk.oid = fk.oprnegate);
+
+DROP OPERATOR <|(bigint, bigint);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/enum.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/enum.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6affd0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/enum.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+--
+-- Enum tests
+--
+
+CREATE TYPE rainbow AS ENUM ('red', 'orange', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue', 'purple');
+
+--
+-- Did it create the right number of rows?
+--
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_enum WHERE enumtypid = 'rainbow'::regtype;
+
+--
+-- I/O functions
+--
+SELECT 'red'::rainbow;
+SELECT 'mauve'::rainbow;
+
+--
+-- adding new values
+--
+
+CREATE TYPE planets AS ENUM ( 'venus', 'earth', 'mars' );
+
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'planets'::regtype
+ORDER BY 2;
+
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'uranus';
+
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'planets'::regtype
+ORDER BY 2;
+
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'mercury' BEFORE 'venus';
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'saturn' BEFORE 'uranus';
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'jupiter' AFTER 'mars';
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'neptune' AFTER 'uranus';
+
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'planets'::regtype
+ORDER BY 2;
+
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'planets'::regtype
+ORDER BY enumlabel::planets;
+
+-- errors for adding labels
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE
+  'plutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutoplutopluto';
+
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'pluto' AFTER 'zeus';
+
+-- if not exists tests
+
+--  existing value gives error
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE 'mercury';
+
+-- unless IF NOT EXISTS is specified
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE IF NOT EXISTS 'mercury';
+
+-- should be neptune, not mercury
+SELECT enum_last(NULL::planets);
+
+ALTER TYPE planets ADD VALUE IF NOT EXISTS 'pluto';
+
+-- should be pluto, i.e. the new value
+SELECT enum_last(NULL::planets);
+
+--
+-- Test inserting so many values that we have to renumber
+--
+
+create type insenum as enum ('L1', 'L2');
+
+alter type insenum add value 'i1' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i2' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i3' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i4' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i5' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i6' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i7' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i8' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i9' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i10' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i11' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i12' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i13' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i14' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i15' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i16' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i17' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i18' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i19' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i20' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i21' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i22' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i23' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i24' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i25' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i26' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i27' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i28' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i29' before 'L2';
+alter type insenum add value 'i30' before 'L2';
+
+-- The exact values of enumsortorder will now depend on the local properties
+-- of float4, but in any reasonable implementation we should get at least
+-- 20 splits before having to renumber; so only hide values > 20.
+
+SELECT enumlabel,
+       case when enumsortorder > 20 then null else enumsortorder end as so
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'insenum'::regtype
+ORDER BY enumsortorder;
+
+--
+-- Basic table creation, row selection
+--
+CREATE TABLE enumtest (col rainbow);
+INSERT INTO enumtest values ('red'), ('orange'), ('yellow'), ('green');
+COPY enumtest FROM stdin;
+blue
+purple
+\.
+SELECT * FROM enumtest;
+
+--
+-- Operators, no index
+--
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col = 'orange';
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col <> 'orange' ORDER BY col;
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col > 'yellow' ORDER BY col;
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col >= 'yellow' ORDER BY col;
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col < 'green' ORDER BY col;
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col <= 'green' ORDER BY col;
+
+--
+-- Cast to/from text
+--
+SELECT 'red'::rainbow::text || 'hithere';
+SELECT 'red'::text::rainbow = 'red'::rainbow;
+
+--
+-- Aggregates
+--
+SELECT min(col) FROM enumtest;
+SELECT max(col) FROM enumtest;
+SELECT max(col) FROM enumtest WHERE col < 'green';
+
+--
+-- Index tests, force use of index
+--
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = off;
+
+--
+-- Btree index / opclass with the various operators
+--
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX enumtest_btree ON enumtest USING btree (col);
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col = 'orange';
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col <> 'orange' ORDER BY col;
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col > 'yellow' ORDER BY col;
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col >= 'yellow' ORDER BY col;
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col < 'green' ORDER BY col;
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col <= 'green' ORDER BY col;
+SELECT min(col) FROM enumtest;
+SELECT max(col) FROM enumtest;
+SELECT max(col) FROM enumtest WHERE col < 'green';
+DROP INDEX enumtest_btree;
+
+--
+-- Hash index / opclass with the = operator
+--
+CREATE INDEX enumtest_hash ON enumtest USING hash (col);
+SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE col = 'orange';
+DROP INDEX enumtest_hash;
+
+--
+-- End index tests
+--
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+
+--
+-- Domains over enums
+--
+CREATE DOMAIN rgb AS rainbow CHECK (VALUE IN ('red', 'green', 'blue'));
+SELECT 'red'::rgb;
+SELECT 'purple'::rgb;
+SELECT 'purple'::rainbow::rgb;
+DROP DOMAIN rgb;
+
+--
+-- Arrays
+--
+SELECT '{red,green,blue}'::rainbow[];
+SELECT ('{red,green,blue}'::rainbow[])[2];
+SELECT 'red' = ANY ('{red,green,blue}'::rainbow[]);
+SELECT 'yellow' = ANY ('{red,green,blue}'::rainbow[]);
+SELECT 'red' = ALL ('{red,green,blue}'::rainbow[]);
+SELECT 'red' = ALL ('{red,red}'::rainbow[]);
+
+--
+-- Support functions
+--
+SELECT enum_first(NULL::rainbow);
+SELECT enum_last('green'::rainbow);
+SELECT enum_range(NULL::rainbow);
+SELECT enum_range('orange'::rainbow, 'green'::rainbow);
+SELECT enum_range(NULL, 'green'::rainbow);
+SELECT enum_range('orange'::rainbow, NULL);
+SELECT enum_range(NULL::rainbow, NULL);
+
+--
+-- User functions, can't test perl/python etc here since may not be compiled.
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION echo_me(anyenum) RETURNS text AS $$
+BEGIN
+RETURN $1::text || 'omg';
+END
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT echo_me('red'::rainbow);
+--
+-- Concrete function should override generic one
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION echo_me(rainbow) RETURNS text AS $$
+BEGIN
+RETURN $1::text || 'wtf';
+END
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT echo_me('red'::rainbow);
+--
+-- If we drop the original generic one, we don't have to qualify the type
+-- anymore, since there's only one match
+--
+DROP FUNCTION echo_me(anyenum);
+SELECT echo_me('red');
+DROP FUNCTION echo_me(rainbow);
+
+--
+-- RI triggers on enum types
+--
+CREATE TABLE enumtest_parent (id rainbow PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE enumtest_child (parent rainbow REFERENCES enumtest_parent);
+INSERT INTO enumtest_parent VALUES ('red');
+INSERT INTO enumtest_child VALUES ('red');
+INSERT INTO enumtest_child VALUES ('blue');  -- fail
+DELETE FROM enumtest_parent;  -- fail
+--
+-- cross-type RI should fail
+--
+CREATE TYPE bogus AS ENUM('good', 'bad', 'ugly');
+CREATE TABLE enumtest_bogus_child(parent bogus REFERENCES enumtest_parent);
+DROP TYPE bogus;
+
+-- check renaming a value
+ALTER TYPE rainbow RENAME VALUE 'red' TO 'crimson';
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'rainbow'::regtype
+ORDER BY 2;
+-- check that renaming a non-existent value fails
+ALTER TYPE rainbow RENAME VALUE 'red' TO 'crimson';
+-- check that renaming to an existent value fails
+ALTER TYPE rainbow RENAME VALUE 'blue' TO 'green';
+
+--
+-- check transactional behaviour of ALTER TYPE ... ADD VALUE
+--
+CREATE TYPE bogus AS ENUM('good');
+
+-- check that we can add new values to existing enums in a transaction
+-- but we can't use them
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TYPE bogus ADD VALUE 'new';
+SAVEPOINT x;
+SELECT 'new'::bogus;  -- unsafe
+ROLLBACK TO x;
+SELECT enum_first(null::bogus);  -- safe
+SELECT enum_last(null::bogus);  -- unsafe
+ROLLBACK TO x;
+SELECT enum_range(null::bogus);  -- unsafe
+ROLLBACK TO x;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT 'new'::bogus;  -- now safe
+SELECT enumlabel, enumsortorder
+FROM pg_enum
+WHERE enumtypid = 'bogus'::regtype
+ORDER BY 2;
+
+-- check that we recognize the case where the enum already existed but was
+-- modified in the current txn; this should not be considered safe
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TYPE bogus RENAME TO bogon;
+ALTER TYPE bogon ADD VALUE 'bad';
+SELECT 'bad'::bogon;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- but a renamed value is safe to use later in same transaction
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TYPE bogus RENAME VALUE 'good' to 'bad';
+SELECT 'bad'::bogus;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+DROP TYPE bogus;
+
+-- check that values created during CREATE TYPE can be used in any case
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TYPE bogus AS ENUM('good','bad','ugly');
+ALTER TYPE bogus RENAME TO bogon;
+select enum_range(null::bogon);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- ideally, we'd allow this usage; but it requires keeping track of whether
+-- the enum type was created in the current transaction, which is expensive
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TYPE bogus AS ENUM('good');
+ALTER TYPE bogus RENAME TO bogon;
+ALTER TYPE bogon ADD VALUE 'bad';
+ALTER TYPE bogon ADD VALUE 'ugly';
+select enum_range(null::bogon);  -- fails
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--
+-- Cleanup
+--
+DROP TABLE enumtest_child;
+DROP TABLE enumtest_parent;
+DROP TABLE enumtest;
+DROP TYPE rainbow;
+
+--
+-- Verify properly cleaned up
+--
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_type WHERE typname = 'rainbow';
+SELECT * FROM pg_enum WHERE NOT EXISTS
+  (SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE pg_type.oid = enumtypid);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/equivclass.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/equivclass.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..247b0a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/equivclass.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+--
+-- Tests for the planner's "equivalence class" mechanism
+--
+
+-- One thing that's not tested well during normal querying is the logic
+-- for handling "broken" ECs.  This is because an EC can only become broken
+-- if its underlying btree operator family doesn't include a complete set
+-- of cross-type equality operators.  There are not (and should not be)
+-- any such families built into Postgres; so we have to hack things up
+-- to create one.  We do this by making two alias types that are really
+-- int8 (so we need no new C code) and adding only some operators for them
+-- into the standard integer_ops opfamily.
+
+create type int8alias1;
+create function int8alias1in(cstring) returns int8alias1
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8in';
+create function int8alias1out(int8alias1) returns cstring
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8out';
+create type int8alias1 (
+    input = int8alias1in,
+    output = int8alias1out,
+    like = int8
+);
+
+create type int8alias2;
+create function int8alias2in(cstring) returns int8alias2
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8in';
+create function int8alias2out(int8alias2) returns cstring
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8out';
+create type int8alias2 (
+    input = int8alias2in,
+    output = int8alias2out,
+    like = int8
+);
+
+create cast (int8 as int8alias1) without function;
+create cast (int8 as int8alias2) without function;
+create cast (int8alias1 as int8) without function;
+create cast (int8alias2 as int8) without function;
+
+create function int8alias1eq(int8alias1, int8alias1) returns bool
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8eq';
+create operator = (
+    procedure = int8alias1eq,
+    leftarg = int8alias1, rightarg = int8alias1,
+    commutator = =,
+    restrict = eqsel, join = eqjoinsel,
+    merges
+);
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  operator 3 = (int8alias1, int8alias1);
+
+create function int8alias2eq(int8alias2, int8alias2) returns bool
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8eq';
+create operator = (
+    procedure = int8alias2eq,
+    leftarg = int8alias2, rightarg = int8alias2,
+    commutator = =,
+    restrict = eqsel, join = eqjoinsel,
+    merges
+);
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  operator 3 = (int8alias2, int8alias2);
+
+create function int8alias1eq(int8, int8alias1) returns bool
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8eq';
+create operator = (
+    procedure = int8alias1eq,
+    leftarg = int8, rightarg = int8alias1,
+    restrict = eqsel, join = eqjoinsel,
+    merges
+);
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  operator 3 = (int8, int8alias1);
+
+create function int8alias1eq(int8alias1, int8alias2) returns bool
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8eq';
+create operator = (
+    procedure = int8alias1eq,
+    leftarg = int8alias1, rightarg = int8alias2,
+    restrict = eqsel, join = eqjoinsel,
+    merges
+);
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  operator 3 = (int8alias1, int8alias2);
+
+create function int8alias1lt(int8alias1, int8alias1) returns bool
+  strict immutable language internal as 'int8lt';
+create operator < (
+    procedure = int8alias1lt,
+    leftarg = int8alias1, rightarg = int8alias1
+);
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  operator 1 < (int8alias1, int8alias1);
+
+create function int8alias1cmp(int8, int8alias1) returns int
+  strict immutable language internal as 'btint8cmp';
+alter operator family integer_ops using btree add
+  function 1 int8alias1cmp (int8, int8alias1);
+
+create table ec0 (ff int8 primary key, f1 int8, f2 int8);
+create table ec1 (ff int8 primary key, f1 int8alias1, f2 int8alias2);
+create table ec2 (xf int8 primary key, x1 int8alias1, x2 int8alias2);
+
+-- for the moment we only want to look at nestloop plans
+set enable_hashjoin = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+
+--
+-- Note that for cases where there's a missing operator, we don't care so
+-- much whether the plan is ideal as that we don't fail or generate an
+-- outright incorrect plan.
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec0 where ff = f1 and f1 = '42'::int8;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec0 where ff = f1 and f1 = '42'::int8alias1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1 where ff = f1 and f1 = '42'::int8alias1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1 where ff = f1 and f1 = '42'::int8alias2;
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1, ec2 where ff = x1 and ff = '42'::int8;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1, ec2 where ff = x1 and ff = '42'::int8alias1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1, ec2 where ff = x1 and '42'::int8 = x1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1, ec2 where ff = x1 and x1 = '42'::int8alias1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1, ec2 where ff = x1 and x1 = '42'::int8alias2;
+
+create unique index ec1_expr1 on ec1((ff + 1));
+create unique index ec1_expr2 on ec1((ff + 2 + 1));
+create unique index ec1_expr3 on ec1((ff + 3 + 1));
+create unique index ec1_expr4 on ec1((ff + 4));
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ec1.ff = 42::int8;
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ec1.ff = 42::int8 and ec1.ff = ec1.f1;
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss2
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ss1.x = ss2.x and ec1.ff = 42::int8;
+
+-- let's try that as a mergejoin
+set enable_mergejoin = on;
+set enable_nestloop = off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss2
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ss1.x = ss2.x and ec1.ff = 42::int8;
+
+-- check partially indexed scan
+set enable_nestloop = on;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+
+drop index ec1_expr3;
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ec1.ff = 42::int8;
+
+-- let's try that as a mergejoin
+set enable_mergejoin = on;
+set enable_nestloop = off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec1,
+    (select ff + 1 as x from
+       (select ff + 2 as ff from ec1
+        union all
+        select ff + 3 as ff from ec1) ss0
+     union all
+     select ff + 4 as x from ec1) as ss1
+  where ss1.x = ec1.f1 and ec1.ff = 42::int8;
+
+-- check effects of row-level security
+set enable_nestloop = on;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+
+alter table ec1 enable row level security;
+create policy p1 on ec1 using (f1 < '5'::int8alias1);
+
+create user regress_user_ectest;
+grant select on ec0 to regress_user_ectest;
+grant select on ec1 to regress_user_ectest;
+
+-- without any RLS, we'll treat {a.ff, b.ff, 43} as an EquivalenceClass
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec0 a, ec1 b
+  where a.ff = b.ff and a.ff = 43::bigint::int8alias1;
+
+set session authorization regress_user_ectest;
+
+-- with RLS active, the non-leakproof a.ff = 43 clause is not treated
+-- as a suitable source for an EquivalenceClass; currently, this is true
+-- even though the RLS clause has nothing to do directly with the EC
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from ec0 a, ec1 b
+  where a.ff = b.ff and a.ff = 43::bigint::int8alias1;
+
+reset session authorization;
+
+revoke select on ec0 from regress_user_ectest;
+revoke select on ec1 from regress_user_ectest;
+
+drop user regress_user_ectest;
+
+-- check that X=X is converted to X IS NOT NULL when appropriate
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from tenk1 where unique1 = unique1 and unique2 = unique2;
+
+-- this could be converted, but isn't at present
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from tenk1 where unique1 = unique1 or unique2 = unique2;
+
+-- check that we recognize equivalence with dummy domains in the way
+create temp table undername (f1 name, f2 int);
+create temp view overview as
+  select f1::information_schema.sql_identifier as sqli, f2 from undername;
+explain (costs off)  -- this should not require a sort
+  select * from overview where sqli = 'foo' order by sqli;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/errors.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/errors.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52474e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/errors.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+--
+-- ERRORS
+--
+
+-- bad in postquel, but ok in PostgreSQL
+select 1;
+
+
+--
+-- UNSUPPORTED STUFF
+
+-- doesn't work
+-- notify pg_class
+--
+
+--
+-- SELECT
+
+-- this used to be a syntax error, but now we allow an empty target list
+select;
+
+-- no such relation
+select * from nonesuch;
+
+-- bad name in target list
+select nonesuch from pg_database;
+
+-- empty distinct list isn't OK
+select distinct from pg_database;
+
+-- bad attribute name on lhs of operator
+select * from pg_database where nonesuch = pg_database.datname;
+
+-- bad attribute name on rhs of operator
+select * from pg_database where pg_database.datname = nonesuch;
+
+-- bad attribute name in select distinct on
+select distinct on (foobar) * from pg_database;
+
+-- grouping with FOR UPDATE
+select null from pg_database group by datname for update;
+select null from pg_database group by grouping sets (()) for update;
+
+
+--
+-- DELETE
+
+-- missing relation name (this had better not wildcard!)
+delete from;
+
+-- no such relation
+delete from nonesuch;
+
+
+--
+-- DROP
+
+-- missing relation name (this had better not wildcard!)
+drop table;
+
+-- no such relation
+drop table nonesuch;
+
+
+--
+-- ALTER TABLE
+
+-- relation renaming
+
+-- missing relation name
+alter table rename;
+
+-- no such relation
+alter table nonesuch rename to newnonesuch;
+
+-- no such relation
+alter table nonesuch rename to stud_emp;
+
+-- conflict
+alter table stud_emp rename to student;
+
+-- self-conflict
+alter table stud_emp rename to stud_emp;
+
+
+-- attribute renaming
+
+-- no such relation
+alter table nonesuchrel rename column nonesuchatt to newnonesuchatt;
+
+-- no such attribute
+alter table emp rename column nonesuchatt to newnonesuchatt;
+
+-- conflict
+alter table emp rename column salary to manager;
+
+-- conflict
+alter table emp rename column salary to ctid;
+
+
+--
+-- TRANSACTION STUFF
+
+-- not in a xact
+abort;
+
+-- not in a xact
+end;
+
+
+--
+-- CREATE AGGREGATE
+
+-- sfunc/finalfunc type disagreement
+create aggregate newavg2 (sfunc = int4pl,
+			  basetype = int4,
+			  stype = int4,
+			  finalfunc = int2um,
+			  initcond = '0');
+
+-- left out basetype
+create aggregate newcnt1 (sfunc = int4inc,
+			  stype = int4,
+			  initcond = '0');
+
+
+--
+-- DROP INDEX
+
+-- missing index name
+drop index;
+
+-- bad index name
+drop index 314159;
+
+-- no such index
+drop index nonesuch;
+
+
+--
+-- DROP AGGREGATE
+
+-- missing aggregate name
+drop aggregate;
+
+-- missing aggregate type
+drop aggregate newcnt1;
+
+-- bad aggregate name
+drop aggregate 314159 (int);
+
+-- bad aggregate type
+drop aggregate newcnt (nonesuch);
+
+-- no such aggregate
+drop aggregate nonesuch (int4);
+
+-- no such aggregate for type
+drop aggregate newcnt (float4);
+
+
+--
+-- DROP FUNCTION
+
+-- missing function name
+drop function ();
+
+-- bad function name
+drop function 314159();
+
+-- no such function
+drop function nonesuch();
+
+
+--
+-- DROP TYPE
+
+-- missing type name
+drop type;
+
+-- bad type name
+drop type 314159;
+
+-- no such type
+drop type nonesuch;
+
+
+--
+-- DROP OPERATOR
+
+-- missing everything
+drop operator;
+
+-- bad operator name
+drop operator equals;
+
+-- missing type list
+drop operator ===;
+
+-- missing parentheses
+drop operator int4, int4;
+
+-- missing operator name
+drop operator (int4, int4);
+
+-- missing type list contents
+drop operator === ();
+
+-- no such operator
+drop operator === (int4);
+
+-- no such operator by that name
+drop operator === (int4, int4);
+
+-- no such type1
+drop operator = (nonesuch);
+
+-- no such type1
+drop operator = ( , int4);
+
+-- no such type1
+drop operator = (nonesuch, int4);
+
+-- no such type2
+drop operator = (int4, nonesuch);
+
+-- no such type2
+drop operator = (int4, );
+
+
+--
+-- DROP RULE
+
+-- missing rule name
+drop rule;
+
+-- bad rule name
+drop rule 314159;
+
+-- no such rule
+drop rule nonesuch on noplace;
+
+-- these postquel variants are no longer supported
+drop tuple rule nonesuch;
+drop instance rule nonesuch on noplace;
+drop rewrite rule nonesuch;
+
+--
+-- Check that division-by-zero is properly caught.
+--
+
+select 1/0;
+
+select 1::int8/0;
+
+select 1/0::int8;
+
+select 1::int2/0;
+
+select 1/0::int2;
+
+select 1::numeric/0;
+
+select 1/0::numeric;
+
+select 1::float8/0;
+
+select 1/0::float8;
+
+select 1::float4/0;
+
+select 1/0::float4;
+
+
+--
+-- Test psql's reporting of syntax error location
+--
+
+xxx;
+
+CREATE foo;
+
+CREATE TABLE ;
+
+CREATE TABLE
+\g
+
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES(123) foo;
+
+INSERT INTO 123
+VALUES(123);
+
+INSERT INTO foo
+VALUES(123) 123
+;
+
+-- with a tab
+CREATE TABLE foo
+  (id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+	id3 INTEGER NOT NUL,
+   id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL);
+
+-- long line to be truncated on the left
+CREATE TABLE foo(id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL,
+id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL);
+
+-- long line to be truncated on the right
+CREATE TABLE foo(
+id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL, id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY);
+
+-- long line to be truncated both ways
+CREATE TABLE foo(id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL);
+
+-- long line to be truncated on the left, many lines
+CREATE
+TEMPORARY
+TABLE
+foo(id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL,
+id4 INT4
+UNIQUE
+NOT
+NULL,
+id5 TEXT
+UNIQUE
+NOT
+NULL)
+;
+
+-- long line to be truncated on the right, many lines
+CREATE
+TEMPORARY
+TABLE
+foo(
+id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL, id INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY)
+;
+
+-- long line to be truncated both ways, many lines
+CREATE
+TEMPORARY
+TABLE
+foo
+(id
+INT4
+UNIQUE NOT NULL, idx INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, idy INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+idz INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+idv INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL);
+
+-- more than 10 lines...
+CREATE
+TEMPORARY
+TABLE
+foo
+(id
+INT4
+UNIQUE
+NOT
+NULL
+,
+idm
+INT4
+UNIQUE
+NOT
+NULL,
+idx INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, idy INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id2 TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, id3 INTEGER NOT NUL, id4 INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL, id5 TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+idz INT4 UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+idv
+INT4
+UNIQUE
+NOT
+NULL);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/event_trigger.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/event_trigger.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1aeaddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/event_trigger.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+-- should fail, return type mismatch
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger
+   on ddl_command_start
+   execute procedure pg_backend_pid();
+
+-- OK
+create function test_event_trigger() returns event_trigger as $$
+BEGIN
+    RAISE NOTICE 'test_event_trigger: % %', tg_event, tg_tag;
+END
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- should fail, can't call it as a plain function
+SELECT test_event_trigger();
+
+-- should fail, event triggers cannot have declared arguments
+create function test_event_trigger_arg(name text)
+returns event_trigger as $$ BEGIN RETURN 1; END $$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- should fail, SQL functions cannot be event triggers
+create function test_event_trigger_sql() returns event_trigger as $$
+SELECT 1 $$ language sql;
+
+-- should fail, no elephant_bootstrap entry point
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger on elephant_bootstrap
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+
+-- OK
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger on ddl_command_start
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+
+-- OK
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger_end on ddl_command_end
+   execute function test_event_trigger();
+
+-- should fail, food is not a valid filter variable
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when food in ('sandwich')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+
+-- should fail, sandwich is not a valid command tag
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('sandwich')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+
+-- should fail, create skunkcabbage is not a valid command tag
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('create table', 'create skunkcabbage')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+
+-- should fail, can't have event triggers on event triggers
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('DROP EVENT TRIGGER')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+
+-- should fail, can't have event triggers on global objects
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('CREATE ROLE')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+
+-- should fail, can't have event triggers on global objects
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('CREATE DATABASE')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+
+-- should fail, can't have event triggers on global objects
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('CREATE TABLESPACE')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+
+-- should fail, can't have same filter variable twice
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('create table') and tag in ('CREATE FUNCTION')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+
+-- should fail, can't have arguments
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger('argument not allowed');
+
+-- OK
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger2 on ddl_command_start
+   when tag in ('create table', 'CREATE FUNCTION')
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+
+-- OK
+comment on event trigger regress_event_trigger is 'test comment';
+
+-- drop as non-superuser should fail
+create role regress_evt_user;
+set role regress_evt_user;
+create event trigger regress_event_trigger_noperms on ddl_command_start
+   execute procedure test_event_trigger();
+reset role;
+
+-- test enabling and disabling
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger disable;
+-- fires _trigger2 and _trigger_end should fire, but not _trigger
+create table event_trigger_fire1 (a int);
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger enable;
+set session_replication_role = replica;
+-- fires nothing
+create table event_trigger_fire2 (a int);
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger enable replica;
+-- fires only _trigger
+create table event_trigger_fire3 (a int);
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger enable always;
+-- fires only _trigger
+create table event_trigger_fire4 (a int);
+reset session_replication_role;
+-- fires all three
+create table event_trigger_fire5 (a int);
+-- non-top-level command
+create function f1() returns int
+language plpgsql
+as $$
+begin
+  create table event_trigger_fire6 (a int);
+  return 0;
+end $$;
+select f1();
+-- non-top-level command
+create procedure p1()
+language plpgsql
+as $$
+begin
+  create table event_trigger_fire7 (a int);
+end $$;
+call p1();
+
+-- clean up
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger disable;
+drop table event_trigger_fire2, event_trigger_fire3, event_trigger_fire4, event_trigger_fire5, event_trigger_fire6, event_trigger_fire7;
+drop routine f1(), p1();
+
+-- regress_event_trigger_end should fire on these commands
+grant all on table event_trigger_fire1 to public;
+comment on table event_trigger_fire1 is 'here is a comment';
+revoke all on table event_trigger_fire1 from public;
+drop table event_trigger_fire1;
+create foreign data wrapper useless;
+create server useless_server foreign data wrapper useless;
+create user mapping for regress_evt_user server useless_server;
+alter default privileges for role regress_evt_user
+ revoke delete on tables from regress_evt_user;
+
+-- alter owner to non-superuser should fail
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger owner to regress_evt_user;
+
+-- alter owner to superuser should work
+alter role regress_evt_user superuser;
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger owner to regress_evt_user;
+
+-- should fail, name collision
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger rename to regress_event_trigger2;
+
+-- OK
+alter event trigger regress_event_trigger rename to regress_event_trigger3;
+
+-- should fail, doesn't exist any more
+drop event trigger regress_event_trigger;
+
+-- should fail, regress_evt_user owns some objects
+drop role regress_evt_user;
+
+-- cleanup before next test
+-- these are all OK; the second one should emit a NOTICE
+drop event trigger if exists regress_event_trigger2;
+drop event trigger if exists regress_event_trigger2;
+drop event trigger regress_event_trigger3;
+drop event trigger regress_event_trigger_end;
+
+-- test support for dropped objects
+CREATE SCHEMA schema_one authorization regress_evt_user;
+CREATE SCHEMA schema_two authorization regress_evt_user;
+CREATE SCHEMA audit_tbls authorization regress_evt_user;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE a_temp_tbl ();
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_evt_user;
+
+CREATE TABLE schema_one.table_one(a int);
+CREATE TABLE schema_one."table two"(a int);
+CREATE TABLE schema_one.table_three(a int);
+CREATE TABLE audit_tbls.schema_one_table_two(the_value text);
+
+CREATE TABLE schema_two.table_two(a int);
+CREATE TABLE schema_two.table_three(a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE audit_tbls.schema_two_table_three(the_value text);
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION schema_two.add(int, int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE plpgsql
+  CALLED ON NULL INPUT
+  AS $$ BEGIN RETURN coalesce($1,0) + coalesce($2,0); END; $$;
+CREATE AGGREGATE schema_two.newton
+  (BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = schema_two.add, STYPE = int);
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+CREATE TABLE undroppable_objs (
+	object_type text,
+	object_identity text
+);
+INSERT INTO undroppable_objs VALUES
+('table', 'schema_one.table_three'),
+('table', 'audit_tbls.schema_two_table_three');
+
+CREATE TABLE dropped_objects (
+	type text,
+	schema text,
+	object text
+);
+
+-- This tests errors raised within event triggers; the one in audit_tbls
+-- uses 2nd-level recursive invocation via test_evtrig_dropped_objects().
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION undroppable() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+DECLARE
+	obj record;
+BEGIN
+	PERFORM 1 FROM pg_tables WHERE tablename = 'undroppable_objs';
+	IF NOT FOUND THEN
+		RAISE NOTICE 'table undroppable_objs not found, skipping';
+		RETURN;
+	END IF;
+	FOR obj IN
+		SELECT * FROM pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects() JOIN
+			undroppable_objs USING (object_type, object_identity)
+	LOOP
+		RAISE EXCEPTION 'object % of type % cannot be dropped',
+			obj.object_identity, obj.object_type;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER undroppable ON sql_drop
+	EXECUTE PROCEDURE undroppable();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_evtrig_dropped_objects() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+DECLARE
+    obj record;
+BEGIN
+    FOR obj IN SELECT * FROM pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects()
+    LOOP
+        IF obj.object_type = 'table' THEN
+                EXECUTE format('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS audit_tbls.%I',
+					format('%s_%s', obj.schema_name, obj.object_name));
+        END IF;
+
+	INSERT INTO dropped_objects
+		(type, schema, object) VALUES
+		(obj.object_type, obj.schema_name, obj.object_identity);
+    END LOOP;
+END
+$$;
+
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_drop_objects ON sql_drop
+	WHEN TAG IN ('drop table', 'drop function', 'drop view',
+		'drop owned', 'drop schema', 'alter table')
+	EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_evtrig_dropped_objects();
+
+ALTER TABLE schema_one.table_one DROP COLUMN a;
+DROP SCHEMA schema_one, schema_two CASCADE;
+DELETE FROM undroppable_objs WHERE object_identity = 'audit_tbls.schema_two_table_three';
+DROP SCHEMA schema_one, schema_two CASCADE;
+DELETE FROM undroppable_objs WHERE object_identity = 'schema_one.table_three';
+DROP SCHEMA schema_one, schema_two CASCADE;
+
+SELECT * FROM dropped_objects WHERE schema IS NULL OR schema <> 'pg_toast';
+
+DROP OWNED BY regress_evt_user;
+SELECT * FROM dropped_objects WHERE type = 'schema';
+
+DROP ROLE regress_evt_user;
+
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_drop_objects;
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER undroppable;
+
+-- Event triggers on relations.
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION event_trigger_report_dropped()
+ RETURNS event_trigger
+ LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE r record;
+BEGIN
+    FOR r IN SELECT * from pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects()
+    LOOP
+    IF NOT r.normal AND NOT r.original THEN
+        CONTINUE;
+    END IF;
+    RAISE NOTICE 'NORMAL: orig=% normal=% istemp=% type=% identity=% name=% args=%',
+        r.original, r.normal, r.is_temporary, r.object_type,
+        r.object_identity, r.address_names, r.address_args;
+    END LOOP;
+END; $$;
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_report_dropped ON sql_drop
+    EXECUTE PROCEDURE event_trigger_report_dropped();
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION event_trigger_report_end()
+ RETURNS event_trigger
+ LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE r RECORD;
+BEGIN
+    FOR r IN SELECT * FROM pg_event_trigger_ddl_commands()
+    LOOP
+        RAISE NOTICE 'END: command_tag=% type=% identity=%',
+            r.command_tag, r.object_type, r.object_identity;
+    END LOOP;
+END; $$;
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_report_end ON ddl_command_end
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE event_trigger_report_end();
+
+CREATE SCHEMA evttrig
+	CREATE TABLE one (col_a SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, col_b text DEFAULT 'forty two', col_c SERIAL)
+	CREATE INDEX one_idx ON one (col_b)
+	CREATE TABLE two (col_c INTEGER CHECK (col_c > 0) REFERENCES one DEFAULT 42)
+	CREATE TABLE id (col_d int NOT NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY);
+
+-- Partitioned tables with a partitioned index
+CREATE TABLE evttrig.parted (
+    id int PRIMARY KEY)
+    PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+CREATE TABLE evttrig.part_1_10 PARTITION OF evttrig.parted (id)
+  FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE evttrig.part_10_20 PARTITION OF evttrig.parted (id)
+  FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20) PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+CREATE TABLE evttrig.part_10_15 PARTITION OF evttrig.part_10_20 (id)
+  FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (15);
+CREATE TABLE evttrig.part_15_20 PARTITION OF evttrig.part_10_20 (id)
+  FOR VALUES FROM (15) TO (20);
+
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.two DROP COLUMN col_c;
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.one ALTER COLUMN col_b DROP DEFAULT;
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.one DROP CONSTRAINT one_pkey;
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.one DROP COLUMN col_c;
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.id ALTER COLUMN col_d SET DATA TYPE bigint;
+ALTER TABLE evttrig.id ALTER COLUMN col_d DROP IDENTITY,
+  ALTER COLUMN col_d SET DATA TYPE int;
+DROP INDEX evttrig.one_idx;
+DROP SCHEMA evttrig CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE a_temp_tbl;
+
+-- CREATE OPERATOR CLASS without FAMILY clause should report
+-- both CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY and CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS evttrigopclass FOR TYPE int USING btree AS STORAGE int;
+
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_report_dropped;
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER regress_event_trigger_report_end;
+
+-- only allowed from within an event trigger function, should fail
+select pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_oid();
+
+-- test Table Rewrite Event Trigger
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_evtrig_no_rewrite() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE EXCEPTION 'rewrites not allowed';
+END;
+$$;
+
+create event trigger no_rewrite_allowed on table_rewrite
+  execute procedure test_evtrig_no_rewrite();
+
+create table rewriteme (id serial primary key, foo float, bar timestamptz);
+insert into rewriteme
+     select x * 1.001 from generate_series(1, 500) as t(x);
+alter table rewriteme alter column foo type numeric;
+alter table rewriteme add column baz int default 0;
+
+-- test with more than one reason to rewrite a single table
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_evtrig_no_rewrite() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'Table ''%'' is being rewritten (reason = %)',
+               pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_oid()::regclass,
+               pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_reason();
+END;
+$$;
+
+alter table rewriteme
+ add column onemore int default 0,
+ add column another int default -1,
+ alter column foo type numeric(10,4);
+
+-- matview rewrite when changing access method
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv USING heap AS SELECT 1 AS a;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv SET ACCESS METHOD heap2;
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW heapmv;
+
+-- shouldn't trigger a table_rewrite event
+alter table rewriteme alter column foo type numeric(12,4);
+begin;
+set timezone to 'UTC';
+alter table rewriteme alter column bar type timestamp;
+set timezone to '0';
+alter table rewriteme alter column bar type timestamptz;
+set timezone to 'Europe/London';
+alter table rewriteme alter column bar type timestamp; -- does rewrite
+rollback;
+
+-- typed tables are rewritten when their type changes.  Don't emit table
+-- name, because firing order is not stable.
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_evtrig_no_rewrite() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'Table is being rewritten (reason = %)',
+               pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_reason();
+END;
+$$;
+
+create type rewritetype as (a int);
+create table rewritemetoo1 of rewritetype;
+create table rewritemetoo2 of rewritetype;
+alter type rewritetype alter attribute a type text cascade;
+
+-- but this doesn't work
+create table rewritemetoo3 (a rewritetype);
+alter type rewritetype alter attribute a type varchar cascade;
+
+drop table rewriteme;
+drop event trigger no_rewrite_allowed;
+drop function test_evtrig_no_rewrite();
+
+-- test Row Security Event Trigger
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE TABLE event_trigger_test (a integer, b text);
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION start_command()
+RETURNS event_trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+RAISE NOTICE '% - ddl_command_start', tg_tag;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION end_command()
+RETURNS event_trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+RAISE NOTICE '% - ddl_command_end', tg_tag;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION drop_sql_command()
+RETURNS event_trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+RAISE NOTICE '% - sql_drop', tg_tag;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER start_rls_command ON ddl_command_start
+    WHEN TAG IN ('CREATE POLICY', 'ALTER POLICY', 'DROP POLICY') EXECUTE PROCEDURE start_command();
+
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER end_rls_command ON ddl_command_end
+    WHEN TAG IN ('CREATE POLICY', 'ALTER POLICY', 'DROP POLICY') EXECUTE PROCEDURE end_command();
+
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER sql_drop_command ON sql_drop
+    WHEN TAG IN ('DROP POLICY') EXECUTE PROCEDURE drop_sql_command();
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON event_trigger_test USING (FALSE);
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON event_trigger_test USING (TRUE);
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON event_trigger_test RENAME TO p2;
+DROP POLICY p2 ON event_trigger_test;
+
+-- Check the object addresses of all the event triggers.
+SELECT
+    e.evtname,
+    pg_describe_object('pg_event_trigger'::regclass, e.oid, 0) as descr,
+    b.type, b.object_names, b.object_args,
+    pg_identify_object(a.classid, a.objid, a.objsubid) as ident
+  FROM pg_event_trigger as e,
+    LATERAL pg_identify_object_as_address('pg_event_trigger'::regclass, e.oid, 0) as b,
+    LATERAL pg_get_object_address(b.type, b.object_names, b.object_args) as a
+  ORDER BY e.evtname;
+
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER start_rls_command;
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER end_rls_command;
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER sql_drop_command;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/explain.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/explain.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae3f7a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/explain.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+--
+-- EXPLAIN
+--
+-- There are many test cases elsewhere that use EXPLAIN as a vehicle for
+-- checking something else (usually planner behavior).  This file is
+-- concerned with testing EXPLAIN in its own right.
+--
+
+-- To produce stable regression test output, it's usually necessary to
+-- ignore details such as exact costs or row counts.  These filter
+-- functions replace changeable output details with fixed strings.
+
+create function explain_filter(text) returns setof text
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+    ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in execute $1
+    loop
+        -- Replace any numeric word with just 'N'
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, '-?\m\d+\M', 'N', 'g');
+        -- In sort output, the above won't match units-suffixed numbers
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, '\m\d+kB', 'NkB', 'g');
+        -- Ignore text-mode buffers output because it varies depending
+        -- on the system state
+        CONTINUE WHEN (ln ~ ' +Buffers: .*');
+        -- Ignore text-mode "Planning:" line because whether it's output
+        -- varies depending on the system state
+        CONTINUE WHEN (ln = 'Planning:');
+        return next ln;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- To produce valid JSON output, replace numbers with "0" or "0.0" not "N"
+create function explain_filter_to_json(text) returns jsonb
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+    data text := '';
+    ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in execute $1
+    loop
+        -- Replace any numeric word with just '0'
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, '\m\d+\M', '0', 'g');
+        data := data || ln;
+    end loop;
+    return data::jsonb;
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- Disable JIT, or we'll get different output on machines where that's been
+-- forced on
+set jit = off;
+
+-- Similarly, disable track_io_timing, to avoid output differences when
+-- enabled.
+set track_io_timing = off;
+
+-- Simple cases
+
+select explain_filter('explain select * from int8_tbl i8');
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze, verbose) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze, buffers, format text) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze, buffers, format xml) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze, buffers, format yaml) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+select explain_filter('explain (buffers, format text) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+select explain_filter('explain (buffers, format json) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+
+-- Check output including I/O timings.  These fields are conditional
+-- but always set in JSON format, so check them only in this case.
+set track_io_timing = on;
+select explain_filter('explain (analyze, buffers, format json) select * from int8_tbl i8');
+set track_io_timing = off;
+
+-- SETTINGS option
+-- We have to ignore other settings that might be imposed by the environment,
+-- so printing the whole Settings field unfortunately won't do.
+
+begin;
+set local plan_cache_mode = force_generic_plan;
+select true as "OK"
+  from explain_filter('explain (settings) select * from int8_tbl i8') ln
+  where ln ~ '^ *Settings: .*plan_cache_mode = ''force_generic_plan''';
+select explain_filter_to_json('explain (settings, format json) select * from int8_tbl i8') #> '{0,Settings,plan_cache_mode}';
+rollback;
+
+--
+-- Test production of per-worker data
+--
+-- Unfortunately, because we don't know how many worker processes we'll
+-- actually get (maybe none at all), we can't examine the "Workers" output
+-- in any detail.  We can check that it parses correctly as JSON, and then
+-- remove it from the displayed results.
+
+begin;
+-- encourage use of parallel plans
+set parallel_setup_cost=0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost=0;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size=0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather=4;
+
+select jsonb_pretty(
+  explain_filter_to_json('explain (analyze, verbose, buffers, format json)
+                         select * from tenk1 order by tenthous')
+  -- remove "Workers" node of the Seq Scan plan node
+  #- '{0,Plan,Plans,0,Plans,0,Workers}'
+  -- remove "Workers" node of the Sort plan node
+  #- '{0,Plan,Plans,0,Workers}'
+  -- Also remove its sort-type fields, as those aren't 100% stable
+  #- '{0,Plan,Plans,0,Sort Method}'
+  #- '{0,Plan,Plans,0,Sort Space Type}'
+);
+
+rollback;
+
+-- Test display of temporary objects
+create temp table t1(f1 float8);
+
+create function pg_temp.mysin(float8) returns float8 language plpgsql
+as 'begin return sin($1); end';
+
+select explain_filter('explain (verbose) select * from t1 where pg_temp.mysin(f1) < 0.5');
+
+-- Test compute_query_id
+set compute_query_id = on;
+select explain_filter('explain (verbose) select * from int8_tbl i8');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/expressions.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/expressions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aebd08f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/expressions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+--
+-- expression evaluation tests that don't fit into a more specific file
+--
+
+--
+-- Tests for SQLValueFunction
+--
+
+
+-- current_date  (always matches because of transactional behaviour)
+SELECT date(now())::text = current_date::text;
+
+
+-- current_time / localtime
+SELECT now()::timetz::text = current_time::text;
+SELECT now()::timetz(4)::text = current_time(4)::text;
+SELECT now()::time::text = localtime::text;
+SELECT now()::time(3)::text = localtime(3)::text;
+
+-- current_timestamp / localtimestamp (always matches because of transactional behaviour)
+SELECT current_timestamp = NOW();
+-- precision
+SELECT length(current_timestamp::text) >= length(current_timestamp(0)::text);
+-- localtimestamp
+SELECT now()::timestamp::text = localtimestamp::text;
+
+-- current_role/user/user is tested in rolenames.sql
+
+-- current database / catalog
+SELECT current_catalog = current_database();
+
+-- current_schema
+SELECT current_schema;
+SET search_path = 'notme';
+SELECT current_schema;
+SET search_path = 'pg_catalog';
+SELECT current_schema;
+RESET search_path;
+
+
+--
+-- Test parsing of a no-op cast to a type with unspecified typmod
+--
+begin;
+
+create table numeric_tbl (f1 numeric(18,3), f2 numeric);
+
+create view numeric_view as
+  select
+    f1, f1::numeric(16,4) as f1164, f1::numeric as f1n,
+    f2, f2::numeric(16,4) as f2164, f2::numeric as f2n
+  from numeric_tbl;
+
+\d+ numeric_view
+
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from numeric_view;
+
+-- bpchar, lacking planner support for its length coercion function,
+-- could behave differently
+
+create table bpchar_tbl (f1 character(16) unique, f2 bpchar);
+
+create view bpchar_view as
+  select
+    f1, f1::character(14) as f114, f1::bpchar as f1n,
+    f2, f2::character(14) as f214, f2::bpchar as f2n
+  from bpchar_tbl;
+
+\d+ bpchar_view
+
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from bpchar_view
+  where f1::bpchar = 'foo';
+
+rollback;
+
+
+--
+-- Ordinarily, IN/NOT IN can be converted to a ScalarArrayOpExpr
+-- with a suitably-chosen array type.
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select random() IN (1, 4, 8.0);
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select random()::int IN (1, 4, 8.0);
+-- However, if there's not a common supertype for the IN elements,
+-- we should instead try to produce "x = v1 OR x = v2 OR ...".
+-- In most cases that'll fail for lack of all the requisite = operators,
+-- but it can succeed sometimes.  So this should complain about lack of
+-- an = operator, not about cast failure.
+select '(0,0)'::point in ('(0,0,0,0)'::box, point(0,0));
+
+
+--
+-- Tests for ScalarArrayOpExpr with a hashfn
+--
+
+-- create a stable function so that the tests below are not
+-- evaluated using the planner's constant folding.
+begin;
+
+create function return_int_input(int) returns int as $$
+begin
+	return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql stable;
+
+create function return_text_input(text) returns text as $$
+begin
+	return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql stable;
+
+select return_int_input(1) in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1);
+select return_int_input(1) in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, null);
+select return_int_input(1) in (null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
+select return_int_input(1) in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1, null);
+select return_int_input(null::int) in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1);
+select return_int_input(null::int) in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, null);
+select return_text_input('a') in ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j');
+-- NOT IN
+select return_int_input(1) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1);
+select return_int_input(1) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 0);
+select return_int_input(1) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 2, null);
+select return_int_input(1) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1, null);
+select return_int_input(1) not in (null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
+select return_int_input(null::int) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1);
+select return_int_input(null::int) not in (10, 9, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, null);
+select return_text_input('a') not in ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j');
+
+rollback;
+
+-- Test with non-strict equality function.
+-- We need to create our own type for this.
+
+begin;
+
+create type myint;
+create function myintin(cstring) returns myint strict immutable language
+  internal as 'int4in';
+create function myintout(myint) returns cstring strict immutable language
+  internal as 'int4out';
+create function myinthash(myint) returns integer strict immutable language
+  internal as 'hashint4';
+
+create type myint (input = myintin, output = myintout, like = int4);
+
+create cast (int4 as myint) without function;
+create cast (myint as int4) without function;
+
+create function myinteq(myint, myint) returns bool as $$
+begin
+  if $1 is null and $2 is null then
+    return true;
+  else
+    return $1::int = $2::int;
+  end if;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+
+create function myintne(myint, myint) returns bool as $$
+begin
+  return not myinteq($1, $2);
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+
+create operator = (
+  leftarg    = myint,
+  rightarg   = myint,
+  commutator = =,
+  negator    = <>,
+  procedure  = myinteq,
+  restrict   = eqsel,
+  join       = eqjoinsel,
+  merges
+);
+
+create operator <> (
+  leftarg    = myint,
+  rightarg   = myint,
+  commutator = <>,
+  negator    = =,
+  procedure  = myintne,
+  restrict   = eqsel,
+  join       = eqjoinsel,
+  merges
+);
+
+create operator class myint_ops
+default for type myint using hash as
+  operator    1   =  (myint, myint),
+  function    1   myinthash(myint);
+
+create table inttest (a myint);
+insert into inttest values(1::myint),(null);
+
+-- try an array with enough elements to cause hashing
+select * from inttest where a in (1::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint,6::myint,7::myint,8::myint,9::myint, null);
+select * from inttest where a not in (1::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint,6::myint,7::myint,8::myint,9::myint, null);
+select * from inttest where a not in (0::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint,6::myint,7::myint,8::myint,9::myint, null);
+-- ensure the result matched with the non-hashed version.  We simply remove
+-- some array elements so that we don't reach the hashing threshold.
+select * from inttest where a in (1::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint, null);
+select * from inttest where a not in (1::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint, null);
+select * from inttest where a not in (0::myint,2::myint,3::myint,4::myint,5::myint, null);
+
+rollback;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/fast_default.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/fast_default.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16a3b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/fast_default.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+--
+-- ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN DEFAULT test
+--
+
+SET search_path = fast_default;
+CREATE SCHEMA fast_default;
+CREATE TABLE m(id OID);
+INSERT INTO m VALUES (NULL::OID);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION set(tabname name) RETURNS VOID
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  UPDATE m
+  SET id = (SELECT c.relfilenode
+            FROM pg_class AS c, pg_namespace AS s
+            WHERE c.relname = tabname
+                AND c.relnamespace = s.oid
+                AND s.nspname = 'fast_default');
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION comp() RETURNS TEXT
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RETURN (SELECT CASE
+               WHEN m.id = c.relfilenode THEN 'Unchanged'
+               ELSE 'Rewritten'
+               END
+           FROM m, pg_class AS c, pg_namespace AS s
+           WHERE c.relname = 't'
+               AND c.relnamespace = s.oid
+               AND s.nspname = 'fast_default');
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION log_rewrite() RETURNS event_trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql as
+$func$
+
+declare
+   this_schema text;
+begin
+    select into this_schema relnamespace::regnamespace::text
+    from pg_class
+    where oid = pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_oid();
+    if this_schema = 'fast_default'
+    then
+        RAISE NOTICE 'rewriting table % for reason %',
+          pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_oid()::regclass,
+          pg_event_trigger_table_rewrite_reason();
+    end if;
+end;
+$func$;
+
+CREATE TABLE has_volatile AS
+SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,10) id;
+
+
+CREATE EVENT TRIGGER has_volatile_rewrite
+                  ON table_rewrite
+   EXECUTE PROCEDURE log_rewrite();
+
+-- only the last of these should trigger a rewrite
+ALTER TABLE has_volatile ADD col1 int;
+ALTER TABLE has_volatile ADD col2 int DEFAULT 1;
+ALTER TABLE has_volatile ADD col3 timestamptz DEFAULT current_timestamp;
+ALTER TABLE has_volatile ADD col4 int DEFAULT (random() * 10000)::int;
+
+
+
+-- Test a large sample of different datatypes
+CREATE TABLE T(pk INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, c_int INT DEFAULT 1);
+
+SELECT set('t');
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (1), (2);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_bpchar BPCHAR(5) DEFAULT 'hello',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_int SET DEFAULT 2;
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (3), (4);
+
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_text TEXT  DEFAULT 'world',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_bpchar SET DEFAULT 'dog';
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (5), (6);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_date DATE DEFAULT '2016-06-02',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_text SET DEFAULT 'cat';
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (7), (8);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_timestamp TIMESTAMP DEFAULT '2016-09-01 12:00:00',
+              ADD COLUMN c_timestamp_null TIMESTAMP,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_date SET DEFAULT '2010-01-01';
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (9), (10);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_array TEXT[]
+                  DEFAULT '{"This", "is", "the", "real", "world"}',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_timestamp SET DEFAULT '1970-12-31 11:12:13',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_timestamp_null SET DEFAULT '2016-09-29 12:00:00';
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (11), (12);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_small SMALLINT DEFAULT -5,
+              ADD COLUMN c_small_null SMALLINT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_array
+                  SET DEFAULT '{"This", "is", "no", "fantasy"}';
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (13), (14);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_big BIGINT DEFAULT 180000000000018,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_small SET DEFAULT 9,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_small_null SET DEFAULT 13;
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (15), (16);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_num NUMERIC DEFAULT 1.00000000001,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_big SET DEFAULT -9999999999999999;
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (17), (18);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_time TIME DEFAULT '12:00:00',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_num SET DEFAULT 2.000000000000002;
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (19), (20);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_interval INTERVAL DEFAULT '1 day',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_time SET DEFAULT '23:59:59';
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (21), (22);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_hugetext TEXT DEFAULT repeat('abcdefg',1000),
+              ALTER COLUMN c_interval SET DEFAULT '3 hours';
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (23), (24);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c_interval DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_hugetext SET DEFAULT repeat('poiuyt', 1000);
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (25), (26);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c_bpchar    DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_date      DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_text      DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_timestamp DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_array     DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_small     DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_big       DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_num       DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_time      DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_hugetext  DROP DEFAULT;
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (27), (28);
+
+SELECT pk, c_int, c_bpchar, c_text, c_date, c_timestamp,
+       c_timestamp_null, c_array, c_small, c_small_null,
+       c_big, c_num, c_time, c_interval,
+       c_hugetext = repeat('abcdefg',1000) as c_hugetext_origdef,
+       c_hugetext = repeat('poiuyt', 1000) as c_hugetext_newdef
+FROM T ORDER BY pk;
+
+SELECT comp();
+
+DROP TABLE T;
+
+-- Test expressions in the defaults
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION foo(a INT) RETURNS TEXT AS $$
+DECLARE res TEXT := '';
+        i INT;
+BEGIN
+  i := 0;
+  WHILE (i < a) LOOP
+    res := res || chr(ascii('a') + i);
+    i := i + 1;
+  END LOOP;
+  RETURN res;
+END; $$ LANGUAGE PLPGSQL STABLE;
+
+CREATE TABLE T(pk INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, c_int INT DEFAULT LENGTH(foo(6)));
+
+SELECT set('t');
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (1), (2);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_bpchar BPCHAR(5) DEFAULT foo(4),
+              ALTER COLUMN c_int SET DEFAULT LENGTH(foo(8));
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (3), (4);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_text TEXT  DEFAULT foo(6),
+              ALTER COLUMN c_bpchar SET DEFAULT foo(3);
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (5), (6);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_date DATE
+                  DEFAULT '2016-06-02'::DATE  + LENGTH(foo(10)),
+              ALTER COLUMN c_text SET DEFAULT foo(12);
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (7), (8);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_timestamp TIMESTAMP
+                  DEFAULT '2016-09-01'::DATE + LENGTH(foo(10)),
+              ALTER COLUMN c_date
+                  SET DEFAULT '2010-01-01'::DATE - LENGTH(foo(4));
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (9), (10);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_array TEXT[]
+                  DEFAULT ('{"This", "is", "' || foo(4) ||
+                           '","the", "real", "world"}')::TEXT[],
+              ALTER COLUMN c_timestamp
+                  SET DEFAULT '1970-12-31'::DATE + LENGTH(foo(30));
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (11), (12);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c_int DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_array
+                  SET DEFAULT ('{"This", "is", "' || foo(1) ||
+                               '", "fantasy"}')::text[];
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (13), (14);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c_bpchar    DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_date      DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_text      DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_timestamp DROP DEFAULT,
+              ALTER COLUMN c_array     DROP DEFAULT;
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (15), (16);
+
+SELECT * FROM T;
+
+SELECT comp();
+
+DROP TABLE T;
+
+DROP FUNCTION foo(INT);
+
+-- Fall back to full rewrite for volatile expressions
+CREATE TABLE T(pk INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY);
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (1);
+
+SELECT set('t');
+
+-- now() is stable, because it returns the transaction timestamp
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c1 TIMESTAMP DEFAULT now();
+
+SELECT comp();
+
+-- clock_timestamp() is volatile
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c2 TIMESTAMP DEFAULT clock_timestamp();
+
+SELECT comp();
+
+DROP TABLE T;
+
+-- Simple querie
+CREATE TABLE T (pk INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY);
+
+SELECT set('t');
+
+INSERT INTO T SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 10) a;
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_bigint BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT -1;
+
+INSERT INTO T SELECT b, b - 10 FROM generate_series(11, 20) a(b);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_text TEXT DEFAULT 'hello';
+
+INSERT INTO T SELECT b, b - 10, (b + 10)::text FROM generate_series(21, 30) a(b);
+
+-- WHERE clause
+SELECT c_bigint, c_text FROM T WHERE c_bigint = -1 LIMIT 1;
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE TRUE, COSTS FALSE)
+SELECT c_bigint, c_text FROM T WHERE c_bigint = -1 LIMIT 1;
+
+SELECT c_bigint, c_text FROM T WHERE c_text = 'hello' LIMIT 1;
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE TRUE, COSTS FALSE) SELECT c_bigint, c_text FROM T WHERE c_text = 'hello' LIMIT 1;
+
+
+-- COALESCE
+SELECT COALESCE(c_bigint, pk), COALESCE(c_text, pk::text)
+FROM T
+ORDER BY pk LIMIT 10;
+
+-- Aggregate function
+SELECT SUM(c_bigint), MAX(c_text COLLATE "C" ), MIN(c_text COLLATE "C") FROM T;
+
+-- ORDER BY
+SELECT * FROM T ORDER BY c_bigint, c_text, pk LIMIT 10;
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE TRUE, COSTS FALSE)
+SELECT * FROM T ORDER BY c_bigint, c_text, pk LIMIT 10;
+
+-- LIMIT
+SELECT * FROM T WHERE c_bigint > -1 ORDER BY c_bigint, c_text, pk LIMIT 10;
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE TRUE, COSTS FALSE)
+SELECT * FROM T WHERE c_bigint > -1 ORDER BY c_bigint, c_text, pk LIMIT 10;
+
+--  DELETE with RETURNING
+DELETE FROM T WHERE pk BETWEEN 10 AND 20 RETURNING *;
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE TRUE, COSTS FALSE)
+DELETE FROM T WHERE pk BETWEEN 10 AND 20 RETURNING *;
+
+-- UPDATE
+UPDATE T SET c_text = '"' || c_text || '"'  WHERE pk < 10;
+SELECT * FROM T WHERE c_text LIKE '"%"' ORDER BY PK;
+
+SELECT comp();
+
+DROP TABLE T;
+
+
+-- Combine with other DDL
+CREATE TABLE T(pk INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY);
+
+SELECT set('t');
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (1), (2);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_int INT NOT NULL DEFAULT -1;
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (3), (4);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ADD COLUMN c_text TEXT DEFAULT 'Hello';
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (5), (6);
+
+ALTER TABLE T ALTER COLUMN c_text SET DEFAULT 'world',
+              ALTER COLUMN c_int  SET DEFAULT 1;
+
+INSERT INTO T VALUES (7), (8);
+
+SELECT * FROM T ORDER BY pk;
+
+-- Add an index
+CREATE INDEX i ON T(c_int, c_text);
+
+SELECT c_text FROM T WHERE c_int = -1;
+
+SELECT comp();
+
+-- query to exercise expand_tuple function
+CREATE TABLE t1 AS
+SELECT 1::int AS a , 2::int AS b
+FROM generate_series(1,20) q;
+
+ALTER TABLE t1 ADD COLUMN c text;
+
+SELECT a,
+       stddev(cast((SELECT sum(1) FROM generate_series(1,20) x) AS float4))
+          OVER (PARTITION BY a,b,c ORDER BY b)
+       AS z
+FROM t1;
+
+DROP TABLE T;
+
+-- test that we account for missing columns without defaults correctly
+-- in expand_tuple, and that rows are correctly expanded for triggers
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test_trigger()
+RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+
+begin
+    raise notice 'old tuple: %', to_json(OLD)::text;
+    if TG_OP = 'DELETE'
+    then
+       return OLD;
+    else
+       return NEW;
+    end if;
+end;
+
+$$;
+
+-- 2 new columns, both have defaults
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int NOT NULL DEFAULT 4;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int NOT NULL DEFAULT 5;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+SELECT * FROM t;
+DROP TABLE t;
+
+-- 2 new columns, first has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int NOT NULL DEFAULT 4;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+SELECT * FROM t;
+DROP TABLE t;
+
+-- 2 new columns, second has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int NOT NULL DEFAULT 5;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+SELECT * FROM t;
+DROP TABLE t;
+
+-- 2 new columns, neither has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+SELECT * FROM t;
+DROP TABLE t;
+
+-- same as last 4 tests but here the last original column has a NULL value
+-- 2 new columns, both have defaults
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,NULL);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int NOT NULL DEFAULT 4;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int NOT NULL DEFAULT 5;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+SELECT * FROM t;
+DROP TABLE t;
+
+-- 2 new columns, first has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,NULL);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int NOT NULL DEFAULT 4;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+SELECT * FROM t;
+DROP TABLE t;
+
+-- 2 new columns, second has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,NULL);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int NOT NULL DEFAULT 5;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+SELECT * FROM t;
+DROP TABLE t;
+
+-- 2 new columns, neither has default
+CREATE TABLE t (id serial PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO t (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,NULL);
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN x int;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN y int;
+CREATE TRIGGER a BEFORE UPDATE ON t FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test_trigger();
+SELECT * FROM t;
+UPDATE t SET y = 2;
+SELECT * FROM t;
+DROP TABLE t;
+
+-- make sure expanded tuple has correct self pointer
+-- it will be required by the RI trigger doing the cascading delete
+
+CREATE TABLE leader (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int);
+CREATE TABLE follower (a int REFERENCES leader ON DELETE CASCADE, b int);
+INSERT INTO leader VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+ALTER TABLE leader ADD c int;
+ALTER TABLE leader DROP c;
+DELETE FROM leader;
+
+-- check that ALTER TABLE ... ALTER TYPE does the right thing
+
+CREATE TABLE vtype( a integer);
+INSERT INTO vtype VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE vtype ADD COLUMN b DOUBLE PRECISION DEFAULT 0.2;
+ALTER TABLE vtype ADD COLUMN c BOOLEAN DEFAULT true;
+SELECT * FROM vtype;
+ALTER TABLE vtype
+      ALTER b TYPE text USING b::text,
+      ALTER c TYPE text USING c::text;
+SELECT * FROM vtype;
+
+-- also check the case that doesn't rewrite the table
+
+CREATE TABLE vtype2 (a int);
+INSERT INTO vtype2 VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE vtype2 ADD COLUMN b varchar(10) DEFAULT 'xxx';
+ALTER TABLE vtype2 ALTER COLUMN b SET DEFAULT 'yyy';
+INSERT INTO vtype2 VALUES (2);
+
+ALTER TABLE vtype2 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE varchar(20) USING b::varchar(20);
+SELECT * FROM vtype2;
+
+
+-- Ensure that defaults are checked when evaluating whether HOT update
+-- is possible, this was broken for a while:
+-- https://postgr.es/m/20190202133521.ylauh3ckqa7colzj%40alap3.anarazel.de
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE t();
+INSERT INTO t DEFAULT VALUES;
+ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN a int DEFAULT 1;
+CREATE INDEX ON t(a);
+-- set column with a default 1 to NULL, due to a bug that wasn't
+-- noticed has heap_getattr buggily returned NULL for default columns
+UPDATE t SET a = NULL;
+
+-- verify that index and non-index scans show the same result
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = true;
+SELECT * FROM t WHERE a IS NULL;
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+SELECT * FROM t WHERE a IS NULL;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- verify that a default set on a non-plain table doesn't set a missing
+-- value on the attribute
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy;
+CREATE SERVER s0 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 (c1 integer NOT NULL) SERVER s0;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c8 integer DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10);
+SELECT count(*)
+  FROM pg_attribute
+  WHERE attrelid = 'ft1'::regclass AND
+    (attmissingval IS NOT NULL OR atthasmissing);
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft1;
+DROP SERVER s0;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy;
+DROP TABLE vtype;
+DROP TABLE vtype2;
+DROP TABLE follower;
+DROP TABLE leader;
+DROP FUNCTION test_trigger();
+DROP TABLE t1;
+DROP FUNCTION set(name);
+DROP FUNCTION comp();
+DROP TABLE m;
+DROP TABLE has_volatile;
+DROP EVENT TRIGGER has_volatile_rewrite;
+DROP FUNCTION log_rewrite;
+DROP SCHEMA fast_default;
+
+-- Leave a table with an active fast default in place, for pg_upgrade testing
+set search_path = public;
+create table has_fast_default(f1 int);
+insert into has_fast_default values(1);
+alter table has_fast_default add column f2 int default 42;
+table has_fast_default;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/float4.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/float4.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..612486e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/float4.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+--
+-- FLOAT4
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE FLOAT4_TBL (f1  float4);
+
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    0.0');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1004.30   ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     -34.84    ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1.2345678901234e+20');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1.2345678901234e-20');
+
+-- test for over and under flow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e70');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e70');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-70');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-70');
+
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e70'::float8);
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e70'::float8);
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-70'::float8);
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-70'::float8);
+
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e400');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e400');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-400');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-400');
+
+-- bad input
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('       ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('xyz');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.0.0');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5 . 0');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.   0');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     - 3.0');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123            5');
+
+-- special inputs
+SELECT 'NaN'::float4;
+SELECT 'nan'::float4;
+SELECT '   NAN  '::float4;
+SELECT 'infinity'::float4;
+SELECT '          -INFINiTY   '::float4;
+-- bad special inputs
+SELECT 'N A N'::float4;
+SELECT 'NaN x'::float4;
+SELECT ' INFINITY    x'::float4;
+
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float4 + 100.0;
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float4 / 'Infinity'::float4;
+SELECT '42'::float4 / 'Infinity'::float4;
+SELECT 'nan'::float4 / 'nan'::float4;
+SELECT 'nan'::float4 / '0'::float4;
+SELECT 'nan'::numeric::float4;
+
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT4_TBL;
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE f.f1 <> '1004.3';
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE f.f1 = '1004.3';
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE '1004.3' > f.f1;
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE  f.f1 < '1004.3';
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE '1004.3' >= f.f1;
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT4_TBL f WHERE  f.f1 <= '1004.3';
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 * '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 + '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 / '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 - '-10' AS x FROM FLOAT4_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+
+-- test divide by zero
+SELECT f.f1 / '0.0' from FLOAT4_TBL f;
+
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT4_TBL;
+
+-- test the unary float4abs operator
+SELECT f.f1, @f.f1 AS abs_f1 FROM FLOAT4_TBL f;
+
+UPDATE FLOAT4_TBL
+   SET f1 = FLOAT4_TBL.f1 * '-1'
+   WHERE FLOAT4_TBL.f1 > '0.0';
+
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT4_TBL;
+
+-- test edge-case coercions to integer
+SELECT '32767.4'::float4::int2;
+SELECT '32767.6'::float4::int2;
+SELECT '-32768.4'::float4::int2;
+SELECT '-32768.6'::float4::int2;
+SELECT '2147483520'::float4::int4;
+SELECT '2147483647'::float4::int4;
+SELECT '-2147483648.5'::float4::int4;
+SELECT '-2147483900'::float4::int4;
+SELECT '9223369837831520256'::float4::int8;
+SELECT '9223372036854775807'::float4::int8;
+SELECT '-9223372036854775808.5'::float4::int8;
+SELECT '-9223380000000000000'::float4::int8;
+
+-- Test for correct input rounding in edge cases.
+-- These lists are from Paxson 1991, excluding subnormals and
+-- inputs of over 9 sig. digits.
+
+SELECT float4send('5e-20'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('67e14'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('985e15'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('55895e-16'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('7038531e-32'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('702990899e-20'::float4);
+
+SELECT float4send('3e-23'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('57e18'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('789e-35'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('2539e-18'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('76173e28'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('887745e-11'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('5382571e-37'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('82381273e-35'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('750486563e-38'::float4);
+
+-- Test that the smallest possible normalized input value inputs
+-- correctly, either in 9-significant-digit or shortest-decimal
+-- format.
+--
+-- exact val is             1.1754943508...
+-- shortest val is          1.1754944000
+-- midpoint to next val is  1.1754944208...
+
+SELECT float4send('1.17549435e-38'::float4);
+SELECT float4send('1.1754944e-38'::float4);
+
+-- test output (and round-trip safety) of various values.
+-- To ensure we're testing what we think we're testing, start with
+-- float values specified by bit patterns (as a useful side effect,
+-- this means we'll fail on non-IEEE platforms).
+
+create type xfloat4;
+create function xfloat4in(cstring) returns xfloat4 immutable strict
+  language internal as 'int4in';
+create function xfloat4out(xfloat4) returns cstring immutable strict
+  language internal as 'int4out';
+create type xfloat4 (input = xfloat4in, output = xfloat4out, like = float4);
+create cast (xfloat4 as float4) without function;
+create cast (float4 as xfloat4) without function;
+create cast (xfloat4 as integer) without function;
+create cast (integer as xfloat4) without function;
+
+-- float4: seeeeeee emmmmmmm mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm
+
+-- we don't care to assume the platform's strtod() handles subnormals
+-- correctly; those are "use at your own risk". However we do test
+-- subnormal outputs, since those are under our control.
+
+with testdata(bits) as (values
+  -- small subnormals
+  (x'00000001'),
+  (x'00000002'), (x'00000003'),
+  (x'00000010'), (x'00000011'), (x'00000100'), (x'00000101'),
+  (x'00004000'), (x'00004001'), (x'00080000'), (x'00080001'),
+  -- stress values
+  (x'0053c4f4'),  -- 7693e-42
+  (x'006c85c4'),  -- 996622e-44
+  (x'0041ca76'),  -- 60419369e-46
+  (x'004b7678'),  -- 6930161142e-48
+  -- taken from upstream testsuite
+  (x'00000007'),
+  (x'00424fe2'),
+  -- borderline between subnormal and normal
+  (x'007ffff0'), (x'007ffff1'), (x'007ffffe'), (x'007fffff'))
+select float4send(flt) as ibits,
+       flt
+  from (select bits::integer::xfloat4::float4 as flt
+          from testdata
+	offset 0) s;
+
+with testdata(bits) as (values
+  (x'00000000'),
+  -- smallest normal values
+  (x'00800000'), (x'00800001'), (x'00800004'), (x'00800005'),
+  (x'00800006'),
+  -- small normal values chosen for short vs. long output
+  (x'008002f1'), (x'008002f2'), (x'008002f3'),
+  (x'00800e17'), (x'00800e18'), (x'00800e19'),
+  -- assorted values (random mantissae)
+  (x'01000001'), (x'01102843'), (x'01a52c98'),
+  (x'0219c229'), (x'02e4464d'), (x'037343c1'), (x'03a91b36'),
+  (x'047ada65'), (x'0496fe87'), (x'0550844f'), (x'05999da3'),
+  (x'060ea5e2'), (x'06e63c45'), (x'07f1e548'), (x'0fc5282b'),
+  (x'1f850283'), (x'2874a9d6'),
+  -- values around 5e-08
+  (x'3356bf94'), (x'3356bf95'), (x'3356bf96'),
+  -- around 1e-07
+  (x'33d6bf94'), (x'33d6bf95'), (x'33d6bf96'),
+  -- around 3e-07 .. 1e-04
+  (x'34a10faf'), (x'34a10fb0'), (x'34a10fb1'),
+  (x'350637bc'), (x'350637bd'), (x'350637be'),
+  (x'35719786'), (x'35719787'), (x'35719788'),
+  (x'358637bc'), (x'358637bd'), (x'358637be'),
+  (x'36a7c5ab'), (x'36a7c5ac'), (x'36a7c5ad'),
+  (x'3727c5ab'), (x'3727c5ac'), (x'3727c5ad'),
+  -- format crossover at 1e-04
+  (x'38d1b714'), (x'38d1b715'), (x'38d1b716'),
+  (x'38d1b717'), (x'38d1b718'), (x'38d1b719'),
+  (x'38d1b71a'), (x'38d1b71b'), (x'38d1b71c'),
+  (x'38d1b71d'),
+  --
+  (x'38dffffe'), (x'38dfffff'), (x'38e00000'),
+  (x'38efffff'), (x'38f00000'), (x'38f00001'),
+  (x'3a83126e'), (x'3a83126f'), (x'3a831270'),
+  (x'3c23d709'), (x'3c23d70a'), (x'3c23d70b'),
+  (x'3dcccccc'), (x'3dcccccd'), (x'3dccccce'),
+  -- chosen to need 9 digits for 3dcccd70
+  (x'3dcccd6f'), (x'3dcccd70'), (x'3dcccd71'),
+  --
+  (x'3effffff'), (x'3f000000'), (x'3f000001'),
+  (x'3f333332'), (x'3f333333'), (x'3f333334'),
+  -- approach 1.0 with increasing numbers of 9s
+  (x'3f666665'), (x'3f666666'), (x'3f666667'),
+  (x'3f7d70a3'), (x'3f7d70a4'), (x'3f7d70a5'),
+  (x'3f7fbe76'), (x'3f7fbe77'), (x'3f7fbe78'),
+  (x'3f7ff971'), (x'3f7ff972'), (x'3f7ff973'),
+  (x'3f7fff57'), (x'3f7fff58'), (x'3f7fff59'),
+  (x'3f7fffee'), (x'3f7fffef'),
+  -- values very close to 1
+  (x'3f7ffff0'), (x'3f7ffff1'), (x'3f7ffff2'),
+  (x'3f7ffff3'), (x'3f7ffff4'), (x'3f7ffff5'),
+  (x'3f7ffff6'), (x'3f7ffff7'), (x'3f7ffff8'),
+  (x'3f7ffff9'), (x'3f7ffffa'), (x'3f7ffffb'),
+  (x'3f7ffffc'), (x'3f7ffffd'), (x'3f7ffffe'),
+  (x'3f7fffff'),
+  (x'3f800000'),
+  (x'3f800001'), (x'3f800002'), (x'3f800003'),
+  (x'3f800004'), (x'3f800005'), (x'3f800006'),
+  (x'3f800007'), (x'3f800008'), (x'3f800009'),
+  -- values 1 to 1.1
+  (x'3f80000f'), (x'3f800010'), (x'3f800011'),
+  (x'3f800012'), (x'3f800013'), (x'3f800014'),
+  (x'3f800017'), (x'3f800018'), (x'3f800019'),
+  (x'3f80001a'), (x'3f80001b'), (x'3f80001c'),
+  (x'3f800029'), (x'3f80002a'), (x'3f80002b'),
+  (x'3f800053'), (x'3f800054'), (x'3f800055'),
+  (x'3f800346'), (x'3f800347'), (x'3f800348'),
+  (x'3f8020c4'), (x'3f8020c5'), (x'3f8020c6'),
+  (x'3f8147ad'), (x'3f8147ae'), (x'3f8147af'),
+  (x'3f8ccccc'), (x'3f8ccccd'), (x'3f8cccce'),
+  --
+  (x'3fc90fdb'), -- pi/2
+  (x'402df854'), -- e
+  (x'40490fdb'), -- pi
+  --
+  (x'409fffff'), (x'40a00000'), (x'40a00001'),
+  (x'40afffff'), (x'40b00000'), (x'40b00001'),
+  (x'411fffff'), (x'41200000'), (x'41200001'),
+  (x'42c7ffff'), (x'42c80000'), (x'42c80001'),
+  (x'4479ffff'), (x'447a0000'), (x'447a0001'),
+  (x'461c3fff'), (x'461c4000'), (x'461c4001'),
+  (x'47c34fff'), (x'47c35000'), (x'47c35001'),
+  (x'497423ff'), (x'49742400'), (x'49742401'),
+  (x'4b18967f'), (x'4b189680'), (x'4b189681'),
+  (x'4cbebc1f'), (x'4cbebc20'), (x'4cbebc21'),
+  (x'4e6e6b27'), (x'4e6e6b28'), (x'4e6e6b29'),
+  (x'501502f8'), (x'501502f9'), (x'501502fa'),
+  (x'51ba43b6'), (x'51ba43b7'), (x'51ba43b8'),
+  -- stress values
+  (x'1f6c1e4a'),  -- 5e-20
+  (x'59be6cea'),  -- 67e14
+  (x'5d5ab6c4'),  -- 985e15
+  (x'2cc4a9bd'),  -- 55895e-16
+  (x'15ae43fd'),  -- 7038531e-32
+  (x'2cf757ca'),  -- 702990899e-20
+  (x'665ba998'),  -- 25933168707e13
+  (x'743c3324'),  -- 596428896559e20
+  -- exercise fixed-point memmoves
+  (x'47f1205a'),
+  (x'4640e6ae'),
+  (x'449a5225'),
+  (x'42f6e9d5'),
+  (x'414587dd'),
+  (x'3f9e064b'),
+  -- these cases come from the upstream's testsuite
+  -- BoundaryRoundEven
+  (x'4c000004'),
+  (x'50061c46'),
+  (x'510006a8'),
+  -- ExactValueRoundEven
+  (x'48951f84'),
+  (x'45fd1840'),
+  -- LotsOfTrailingZeros
+  (x'39800000'),
+  (x'3b200000'),
+  (x'3b900000'),
+  (x'3bd00000'),
+  -- Regression
+  (x'63800000'),
+  (x'4b000000'),
+  (x'4b800000'),
+  (x'4c000001'),
+  (x'4c800b0d'),
+  (x'00d24584'),
+  (x'00d90b88'),
+  (x'45803f34'),
+  (x'4f9f24f7'),
+  (x'3a8722c3'),
+  (x'5c800041'),
+  (x'15ae43fd'),
+  (x'5d4cccfb'),
+  (x'4c800001'),
+  (x'57800ed8'),
+  (x'5f000000'),
+  (x'700000f0'),
+  (x'5f23e9ac'),
+  (x'5e9502f9'),
+  (x'5e8012b1'),
+  (x'3c000028'),
+  (x'60cde861'),
+  (x'03aa2a50'),
+  (x'43480000'),
+  (x'4c000000'),
+  -- LooksLikePow5
+  (x'5D1502F9'),
+  (x'5D9502F9'),
+  (x'5E1502F9'),
+  -- OutputLength
+  (x'3f99999a'),
+  (x'3f9d70a4'),
+  (x'3f9df3b6'),
+  (x'3f9e0419'),
+  (x'3f9e0610'),
+  (x'3f9e064b'),
+  (x'3f9e0651'),
+  (x'03d20cfe')
+)
+select float4send(flt) as ibits,
+       flt,
+       flt::text::float4 as r_flt,
+       float4send(flt::text::float4) as obits,
+       float4send(flt::text::float4) = float4send(flt) as correct
+  from (select bits::integer::xfloat4::float4 as flt
+          from testdata
+	offset 0) s;
+
+-- clean up, lest opr_sanity complain
+drop type xfloat4 cascade;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/float8.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/float8.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03c134b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/float8.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+--
+-- FLOAT8
+--
+
+--
+-- Build a table for testing
+-- (This temporarily hides the table created in test_setup.sql)
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE FLOAT8_TBL(f1 float8);
+
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    0.0   ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1004.30  ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('   -34.84');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1.2345678901234e+200');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1.2345678901234e-200');
+
+-- test for underflow and overflow handling
+SELECT '10e400'::float8;
+SELECT '-10e400'::float8;
+SELECT '10e-400'::float8;
+SELECT '-10e-400'::float8;
+
+-- test smallest normalized input
+SELECT float8send('2.2250738585072014E-308'::float8);
+
+-- bad input
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     ');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('xyz');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.0.0');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5 . 0');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5.   0');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    - 3');
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123           5');
+
+-- special inputs
+SELECT 'NaN'::float8;
+SELECT 'nan'::float8;
+SELECT '   NAN  '::float8;
+SELECT 'infinity'::float8;
+SELECT '          -INFINiTY   '::float8;
+-- bad special inputs
+SELECT 'N A N'::float8;
+SELECT 'NaN x'::float8;
+SELECT ' INFINITY    x'::float8;
+
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float8 + 100.0;
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float8 / 'Infinity'::float8;
+SELECT '42'::float8 / 'Infinity'::float8;
+SELECT 'nan'::float8 / 'nan'::float8;
+SELECT 'nan'::float8 / '0'::float8;
+SELECT 'nan'::numeric::float8;
+
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT8_TBL;
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE f.f1 <> '1004.3';
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE f.f1 = '1004.3';
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE '1004.3' > f.f1;
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE  f.f1 < '1004.3';
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE '1004.3' >= f.f1;
+
+SELECT f.* FROM FLOAT8_TBL f WHERE  f.f1 <= '1004.3';
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 * '-10' AS x
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 + '-10' AS x
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 / '-10' AS x
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+
+SELECT f.f1, f.f1 - '-10' AS x
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+
+SELECT f.f1 ^ '2.0' AS square_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f where f.f1 = '1004.3';
+
+-- absolute value
+SELECT f.f1, @f.f1 AS abs_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f;
+
+-- truncate
+SELECT f.f1, trunc(f.f1) AS trunc_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f;
+
+-- round
+SELECT f.f1, round(f.f1) AS round_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f;
+
+-- ceil / ceiling
+select ceil(f1) as ceil_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+select ceiling(f1) as ceiling_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+
+-- floor
+select floor(f1) as floor_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+
+-- sign
+select sign(f1) as sign_f1 from float8_tbl f;
+
+-- avoid bit-exact output here because operations may not be bit-exact.
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+
+-- square root
+SELECT sqrt(float8 '64') AS eight;
+
+SELECT |/ float8 '64' AS eight;
+
+SELECT f.f1, |/f.f1 AS sqrt_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+
+-- power
+SELECT power(float8 '144', float8 '0.5');
+SELECT power(float8 'NaN', float8 '0.5');
+SELECT power(float8 '144', float8 'NaN');
+SELECT power(float8 'NaN', float8 'NaN');
+SELECT power(float8 '-1', float8 'NaN');
+SELECT power(float8 '1', float8 'NaN');
+SELECT power(float8 'NaN', float8 '0');
+SELECT power(float8 'inf', float8 '0');
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '0');
+SELECT power(float8 '0', float8 'inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '0', float8 '-inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '1', float8 'inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '1', float8 '-inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '-1', float8 'inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '-1', float8 '-inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '0.1', float8 'inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '-0.1', float8 'inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '1.1', float8 'inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '-1.1', float8 'inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '0.1', float8 '-inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '-0.1', float8 '-inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '1.1', float8 '-inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '-1.1', float8 '-inf');
+SELECT power(float8 'inf', float8 '-2');
+SELECT power(float8 'inf', float8 '2');
+SELECT power(float8 'inf', float8 'inf');
+SELECT power(float8 'inf', float8 '-inf');
+-- Intel's icc misoptimizes the code that controls the sign of this result,
+-- even with -mp1.  Pending a fix for that, only test for "is it zero".
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '-2') = '0';
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '-3');
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '2');
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '3');
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '3.5');
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 'inf');
+SELECT power(float8 '-inf', float8 '-inf');
+
+-- take exp of ln(f.f1)
+SELECT f.f1, exp(ln(f.f1)) AS exp_ln_f1
+   FROM FLOAT8_TBL f
+   WHERE f.f1 > '0.0';
+
+-- check edge cases for exp
+SELECT exp('inf'::float8), exp('-inf'::float8), exp('nan'::float8);
+
+-- cube root
+SELECT ||/ float8 '27' AS three;
+
+SELECT f.f1, ||/f.f1 AS cbrt_f1 FROM FLOAT8_TBL f;
+
+
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT8_TBL;
+
+UPDATE FLOAT8_TBL
+   SET f1 = FLOAT8_TBL.f1 * '-1'
+   WHERE FLOAT8_TBL.f1 > '0.0';
+
+SELECT f.f1 * '1e200' from FLOAT8_TBL f;
+
+SELECT f.f1 ^ '1e200' from FLOAT8_TBL f;
+
+SELECT 0 ^ 0 + 0 ^ 1 + 0 ^ 0.0 + 0 ^ 0.5;
+
+SELECT ln(f.f1) from FLOAT8_TBL f where f.f1 = '0.0' ;
+
+SELECT ln(f.f1) from FLOAT8_TBL f where f.f1 < '0.0' ;
+
+SELECT exp(f.f1) from FLOAT8_TBL f;
+
+SELECT f.f1 / '0.0' from FLOAT8_TBL f;
+
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT8_TBL;
+
+-- hyperbolic functions
+-- we run these with extra_float_digits = 0 too, since different platforms
+-- tend to produce results that vary in the last place.
+SELECT sinh(float8 '1');
+SELECT cosh(float8 '1');
+SELECT tanh(float8 '1');
+SELECT asinh(float8 '1');
+SELECT acosh(float8 '2');
+SELECT atanh(float8 '0.5');
+-- test Inf/NaN cases for hyperbolic functions
+SELECT sinh(float8 'infinity');
+SELECT sinh(float8 '-infinity');
+SELECT sinh(float8 'nan');
+SELECT cosh(float8 'infinity');
+SELECT cosh(float8 '-infinity');
+SELECT cosh(float8 'nan');
+SELECT tanh(float8 'infinity');
+SELECT tanh(float8 '-infinity');
+SELECT tanh(float8 'nan');
+SELECT asinh(float8 'infinity');
+SELECT asinh(float8 '-infinity');
+SELECT asinh(float8 'nan');
+-- acosh(Inf) should be Inf, but some mingw versions produce NaN, so skip test
+-- SELECT acosh(float8 'infinity');
+SELECT acosh(float8 '-infinity');
+SELECT acosh(float8 'nan');
+SELECT atanh(float8 'infinity');
+SELECT atanh(float8 '-infinity');
+SELECT atanh(float8 'nan');
+
+RESET extra_float_digits;
+
+-- test for over- and underflow
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e400');
+
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e400');
+
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e-400');
+
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-10e-400');
+
+DROP TABLE FLOAT8_TBL;
+
+-- Check the float8 values exported for use by other tests
+
+SELECT * FROM FLOAT8_TBL;
+
+-- test edge-case coercions to integer
+SELECT '32767.4'::float8::int2;
+SELECT '32767.6'::float8::int2;
+SELECT '-32768.4'::float8::int2;
+SELECT '-32768.6'::float8::int2;
+SELECT '2147483647.4'::float8::int4;
+SELECT '2147483647.6'::float8::int4;
+SELECT '-2147483648.4'::float8::int4;
+SELECT '-2147483648.6'::float8::int4;
+SELECT '9223372036854773760'::float8::int8;
+SELECT '9223372036854775807'::float8::int8;
+SELECT '-9223372036854775808.5'::float8::int8;
+SELECT '-9223372036854780000'::float8::int8;
+
+-- test exact cases for trigonometric functions in degrees
+
+SELECT x,
+       sind(x),
+       sind(x) IN (-1,-0.5,0,0.5,1) AS sind_exact
+FROM (VALUES (0), (30), (90), (150), (180),
+      (210), (270), (330), (360)) AS t(x);
+
+SELECT x,
+       cosd(x),
+       cosd(x) IN (-1,-0.5,0,0.5,1) AS cosd_exact
+FROM (VALUES (0), (60), (90), (120), (180),
+      (240), (270), (300), (360)) AS t(x);
+
+SELECT x,
+       tand(x),
+       tand(x) IN ('-Infinity'::float8,-1,0,
+                   1,'Infinity'::float8) AS tand_exact,
+       cotd(x),
+       cotd(x) IN ('-Infinity'::float8,-1,0,
+                   1,'Infinity'::float8) AS cotd_exact
+FROM (VALUES (0), (45), (90), (135), (180),
+      (225), (270), (315), (360)) AS t(x);
+
+SELECT x,
+       asind(x),
+       asind(x) IN (-90,-30,0,30,90) AS asind_exact,
+       acosd(x),
+       acosd(x) IN (0,60,90,120,180) AS acosd_exact
+FROM (VALUES (-1), (-0.5), (0), (0.5), (1)) AS t(x);
+
+SELECT x,
+       atand(x),
+       atand(x) IN (-90,-45,0,45,90) AS atand_exact
+FROM (VALUES ('-Infinity'::float8), (-1), (0), (1),
+      ('Infinity'::float8)) AS t(x);
+
+SELECT x, y,
+       atan2d(y, x),
+       atan2d(y, x) IN (-90,0,90,180) AS atan2d_exact
+FROM (SELECT 10*cosd(a), 10*sind(a)
+      FROM generate_series(0, 360, 90) AS t(a)) AS t(x,y);
+
+--
+-- test output (and round-trip safety) of various values.
+-- To ensure we're testing what we think we're testing, start with
+-- float values specified by bit patterns (as a useful side effect,
+-- this means we'll fail on non-IEEE platforms).
+
+create type xfloat8;
+create function xfloat8in(cstring) returns xfloat8 immutable strict
+  language internal as 'int8in';
+create function xfloat8out(xfloat8) returns cstring immutable strict
+  language internal as 'int8out';
+create type xfloat8 (input = xfloat8in, output = xfloat8out, like = float8);
+create cast (xfloat8 as float8) without function;
+create cast (float8 as xfloat8) without function;
+create cast (xfloat8 as bigint) without function;
+create cast (bigint as xfloat8) without function;
+
+-- float8: seeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm(x4)
+
+-- we don't care to assume the platform's strtod() handles subnormals
+-- correctly; those are "use at your own risk". However we do test
+-- subnormal outputs, since those are under our control.
+
+with testdata(bits) as (values
+  -- small subnormals
+  (x'0000000000000001'),
+  (x'0000000000000002'), (x'0000000000000003'),
+  (x'0000000000001000'), (x'0000000100000000'),
+  (x'0000010000000000'), (x'0000010100000000'),
+  (x'0000400000000000'), (x'0000400100000000'),
+  (x'0000800000000000'), (x'0000800000000001'),
+  -- these values taken from upstream testsuite
+  (x'00000000000f4240'),
+  (x'00000000016e3600'),
+  (x'0000008cdcdea440'),
+  -- borderline between subnormal and normal
+  (x'000ffffffffffff0'), (x'000ffffffffffff1'),
+  (x'000ffffffffffffe'), (x'000fffffffffffff'))
+select float8send(flt) as ibits,
+       flt
+  from (select bits::bigint::xfloat8::float8 as flt
+          from testdata
+	offset 0) s;
+
+-- round-trip tests
+
+with testdata(bits) as (values
+  (x'0000000000000000'),
+  -- smallest normal values
+  (x'0010000000000000'), (x'0010000000000001'),
+  (x'0010000000000002'), (x'0018000000000000'),
+  --
+  (x'3ddb7cdfd9d7bdba'), (x'3ddb7cdfd9d7bdbb'), (x'3ddb7cdfd9d7bdbc'),
+  (x'3e112e0be826d694'), (x'3e112e0be826d695'), (x'3e112e0be826d696'),
+  (x'3e45798ee2308c39'), (x'3e45798ee2308c3a'), (x'3e45798ee2308c3b'),
+  (x'3e7ad7f29abcaf47'), (x'3e7ad7f29abcaf48'), (x'3e7ad7f29abcaf49'),
+  (x'3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8c'), (x'3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8d'), (x'3eb0c6f7a0b5ed8e'),
+  (x'3ee4f8b588e368ef'), (x'3ee4f8b588e368f0'), (x'3ee4f8b588e368f1'),
+  (x'3f1a36e2eb1c432c'), (x'3f1a36e2eb1c432d'), (x'3f1a36e2eb1c432e'),
+  (x'3f50624dd2f1a9fb'), (x'3f50624dd2f1a9fc'), (x'3f50624dd2f1a9fd'),
+  (x'3f847ae147ae147a'), (x'3f847ae147ae147b'), (x'3f847ae147ae147c'),
+  (x'3fb9999999999999'), (x'3fb999999999999a'), (x'3fb999999999999b'),
+  -- values very close to 1
+  (x'3feffffffffffff0'), (x'3feffffffffffff1'), (x'3feffffffffffff2'),
+  (x'3feffffffffffff3'), (x'3feffffffffffff4'), (x'3feffffffffffff5'),
+  (x'3feffffffffffff6'), (x'3feffffffffffff7'), (x'3feffffffffffff8'),
+  (x'3feffffffffffff9'), (x'3feffffffffffffa'), (x'3feffffffffffffb'),
+  (x'3feffffffffffffc'), (x'3feffffffffffffd'), (x'3feffffffffffffe'),
+  (x'3fefffffffffffff'),
+  (x'3ff0000000000000'),
+  (x'3ff0000000000001'), (x'3ff0000000000002'), (x'3ff0000000000003'),
+  (x'3ff0000000000004'), (x'3ff0000000000005'), (x'3ff0000000000006'),
+  (x'3ff0000000000007'), (x'3ff0000000000008'), (x'3ff0000000000009'),
+  --
+  (x'3ff921fb54442d18'),
+  (x'4005bf0a8b14576a'),
+  (x'400921fb54442d18'),
+  --
+  (x'4023ffffffffffff'), (x'4024000000000000'), (x'4024000000000001'),
+  (x'4058ffffffffffff'), (x'4059000000000000'), (x'4059000000000001'),
+  (x'408f3fffffffffff'), (x'408f400000000000'), (x'408f400000000001'),
+  (x'40c387ffffffffff'), (x'40c3880000000000'), (x'40c3880000000001'),
+  (x'40f869ffffffffff'), (x'40f86a0000000000'), (x'40f86a0000000001'),
+  (x'412e847fffffffff'), (x'412e848000000000'), (x'412e848000000001'),
+  (x'416312cfffffffff'), (x'416312d000000000'), (x'416312d000000001'),
+  (x'4197d783ffffffff'), (x'4197d78400000000'), (x'4197d78400000001'),
+  (x'41cdcd64ffffffff'), (x'41cdcd6500000000'), (x'41cdcd6500000001'),
+  (x'4202a05f1fffffff'), (x'4202a05f20000000'), (x'4202a05f20000001'),
+  (x'42374876e7ffffff'), (x'42374876e8000000'), (x'42374876e8000001'),
+  (x'426d1a94a1ffffff'), (x'426d1a94a2000000'), (x'426d1a94a2000001'),
+  (x'42a2309ce53fffff'), (x'42a2309ce5400000'), (x'42a2309ce5400001'),
+  (x'42d6bcc41e8fffff'), (x'42d6bcc41e900000'), (x'42d6bcc41e900001'),
+  (x'430c6bf52633ffff'), (x'430c6bf526340000'), (x'430c6bf526340001'),
+  (x'4341c37937e07fff'), (x'4341c37937e08000'), (x'4341c37937e08001'),
+  (x'4376345785d89fff'), (x'4376345785d8a000'), (x'4376345785d8a001'),
+  (x'43abc16d674ec7ff'), (x'43abc16d674ec800'), (x'43abc16d674ec801'),
+  (x'43e158e460913cff'), (x'43e158e460913d00'), (x'43e158e460913d01'),
+  (x'4415af1d78b58c3f'), (x'4415af1d78b58c40'), (x'4415af1d78b58c41'),
+  (x'444b1ae4d6e2ef4f'), (x'444b1ae4d6e2ef50'), (x'444b1ae4d6e2ef51'),
+  (x'4480f0cf064dd591'), (x'4480f0cf064dd592'), (x'4480f0cf064dd593'),
+  (x'44b52d02c7e14af5'), (x'44b52d02c7e14af6'), (x'44b52d02c7e14af7'),
+  (x'44ea784379d99db3'), (x'44ea784379d99db4'), (x'44ea784379d99db5'),
+  (x'45208b2a2c280290'), (x'45208b2a2c280291'), (x'45208b2a2c280292'),
+  --
+  (x'7feffffffffffffe'), (x'7fefffffffffffff'),
+  -- round to even tests (+ve)
+  (x'4350000000000002'),
+  (x'4350000000002e06'),
+  (x'4352000000000003'),
+  (x'4352000000000004'),
+  (x'4358000000000003'),
+  (x'4358000000000004'),
+  (x'435f000000000020'),
+  -- round to even tests (-ve)
+  (x'c350000000000002'),
+  (x'c350000000002e06'),
+  (x'c352000000000003'),
+  (x'c352000000000004'),
+  (x'c358000000000003'),
+  (x'c358000000000004'),
+  (x'c35f000000000020'),
+  -- exercise fixed-point memmoves
+  (x'42dc12218377de66'),
+  (x'42a674e79c5fe51f'),
+  (x'4271f71fb04cb74c'),
+  (x'423cbe991a145879'),
+  (x'4206fee0e1a9e061'),
+  (x'41d26580b487e6b4'),
+  (x'419d6f34540ca453'),
+  (x'41678c29dcd6e9dc'),
+  (x'4132d687e3df217d'),
+  (x'40fe240c9fcb68c8'),
+  (x'40c81cd6e63c53d3'),
+  (x'40934a4584fd0fdc'),
+  (x'405edd3c07fb4c93'),
+  (x'4028b0fcd32f7076'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c59f8'),
+  -- these cases come from the upstream's testsuite
+  -- LotsOfTrailingZeros)
+  (x'3e60000000000000'),
+  -- Regression
+  (x'c352bd2668e077c4'),
+  (x'434018601510c000'),
+  (x'43d055dc36f24000'),
+  (x'43e052961c6f8000'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca2a5b1d5d'),
+  -- LooksLikePow5
+  (x'4830f0cf064dd592'),
+  (x'4840f0cf064dd592'),
+  (x'4850f0cf064dd592'),
+  -- OutputLength
+  (x'3ff3333333333333'),
+  (x'3ff3ae147ae147ae'),
+  (x'3ff3be76c8b43958'),
+  (x'3ff3c083126e978d'),
+  (x'3ff3c0c1fc8f3238'),
+  (x'3ff3c0c9539b8887'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca2a5b1d5d'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca4283de1b'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca43db770a'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428abd53'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c1d2b'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c51f2'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c58fc'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c59dd'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c59f8'),
+  (x'3ff3c0ca428c59fb'),
+  -- 32-bit chunking
+  (x'40112e0be8047a7d'),
+  (x'40112e0be815a889'),
+  (x'40112e0be826d695'),
+  (x'40112e0be83804a1'),
+  (x'40112e0be84932ad'),
+  -- MinMaxShift
+  (x'0040000000000000'),
+  (x'007fffffffffffff'),
+  (x'0290000000000000'),
+  (x'029fffffffffffff'),
+  (x'4350000000000000'),
+  (x'435fffffffffffff'),
+  (x'1330000000000000'),
+  (x'133fffffffffffff'),
+  (x'3a6fa7161a4d6e0c')
+)
+select float8send(flt) as ibits,
+       flt,
+       flt::text::float8 as r_flt,
+       float8send(flt::text::float8) as obits,
+       float8send(flt::text::float8) = float8send(flt) as correct
+  from (select bits::bigint::xfloat8::float8 as flt
+          from testdata
+	offset 0) s;
+
+-- clean up, lest opr_sanity complain
+drop type xfloat8 cascade;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/foreign_data.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/foreign_data.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eefb860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/foreign_data.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,866 @@
+--
+-- Test foreign-data wrapper and server management.
+--
+
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test_fdw_handler()
+    RETURNS fdw_handler
+    AS :'regresslib', 'test_fdw_handler'
+    LANGUAGE C;
+
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+
+-- Suppress NOTICE messages when roles don't exist
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_foreign_data_user, regress_test_role, regress_test_role2, regress_test_role_super, regress_test_indirect, regress_unprivileged_role;
+
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_foreign_data_user LOGIN SUPERUSER;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION 'regress_foreign_data_user';
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role2;
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role_super SUPERUSER;
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_indirect;
+CREATE ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy;
+COMMENT ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy IS 'useless';
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql VALIDATOR postgresql_fdw_validator;
+
+-- At this point we should have 2 built-in wrappers and no servers.
+SELECT fdwname, fdwhandler::regproc, fdwvalidator::regproc, fdwoptions FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT srvname, srvoptions FROM pg_foreign_server;
+SELECT * FROM pg_user_mapping;
+
+-- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo VALIDATOR bar;            -- ERROR
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+\dew
+
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo; -- duplicate
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (testing '1');
+\dew+
+
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (testing '1', testing '2');   -- ERROR
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (testing '1', another '2');
+\dew+
+
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo; -- ERROR
+RESET ROLE;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo VALIDATOR postgresql_fdw_validator;
+\dew+
+
+-- HANDLER related checks
+CREATE FUNCTION invalid_fdw_handler() RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS 'SELECT 1;';
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER test_fdw HANDLER invalid_fdw_handler;  -- ERROR
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER test_fdw HANDLER test_fdw_handler HANDLER invalid_fdw_handler;  -- ERROR
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER test_fdw HANDLER test_fdw_handler;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER test_fdw;
+
+-- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (nonexistent 'fdw');         -- ERROR
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                             -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo VALIDATOR bar;               -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo NO VALIDATOR;
+\dew+
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (a '1', b '2');
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (SET c '4');         -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (DROP c);            -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (ADD x '1', DROP x);
+\dew+
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (DROP a, SET b '3', ADD c '4');
+\dew+
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (a '2');
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (b '4');             -- ERROR
+\dew+
+
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (ADD d '5');         -- ERROR
+SET ROLE regress_test_role_super;
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (ADD d '5');
+\dew+
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OWNER TO regress_test_role;  -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OWNER TO regress_test_role_super;
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_role_super NOSUPERUSER;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role_super;
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (ADD e '6');         -- ERROR
+RESET ROLE;
+\dew+
+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo RENAME TO foo1;
+\dew+
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo1 RENAME TO foo;
+
+-- HANDLER related checks
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo HANDLER invalid_fdw_handler;  -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo HANDLER test_fdw_handler HANDLER anything;  -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo HANDLER test_fdw_handler;
+DROP FUNCTION invalid_fdw_handler();
+
+-- DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER nonexistent;                      -- ERROR
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER IF EXISTS nonexistent;
+\dew+
+
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role_super;                          -- ERROR
+SET ROLE regress_test_role_super;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role_super;
+\dew+
+
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE SERVER s1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+COMMENT ON SERVER s1 IS 'foreign server';
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s1;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s1;				-- ERROR
+CREATE USER MAPPING IF NOT EXISTS FOR current_user SERVER s1; -- NOTICE
+\dew+
+\des+
+\deu+
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                              -- ERROR
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo CASCADE;                      -- ERROR
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo CASCADE;
+\dew+
+\des+
+\deu+
+
+-- exercise CREATE SERVER
+CREATE SERVER s1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                  -- ERROR
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS ("test wrapper" 'true');
+CREATE SERVER s1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE SERVER s1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                  -- ERROR
+CREATE SERVER IF NOT EXISTS s1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;	-- No ERROR, just NOTICE
+CREATE SERVER s2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (host 'a', dbname 'b');
+CREATE SERVER s3 TYPE 'oracle' FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE SERVER s4 TYPE 'oracle' FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (host 'a', dbname 'b');
+CREATE SERVER s5 VERSION '15.0' FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE SERVER s6 VERSION '16.0' FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (host 'a', dbname 'b');
+CREATE SERVER s7 TYPE 'oracle' VERSION '17.0' FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (host 'a', dbname 'b');
+CREATE SERVER s8 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql OPTIONS (foo '1'); -- ERROR
+CREATE SERVER s8 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql OPTIONS (host 'localhost', dbname 's8db');
+\des+
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER t1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                 -- ERROR: no usage on FDW
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_role;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER t1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+RESET ROLE;
+\des+
+
+REVOKE USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo FROM regress_test_role;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_indirect;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER t2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                 -- ERROR
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT regress_test_indirect TO regress_test_role;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER t2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+\des+
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE regress_test_indirect FROM regress_test_role;
+
+-- ALTER SERVER
+ALTER SERVER s0;                                            -- ERROR
+ALTER SERVER s0 OPTIONS (a '1');                            -- ERROR
+ALTER SERVER s1 VERSION '1.0' OPTIONS (servername 's1');
+ALTER SERVER s2 VERSION '1.1';
+ALTER SERVER s3 OPTIONS ("tns name" 'orcl', port '1521');
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s1 TO regress_test_role;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s6 TO regress_test_role2 WITH GRANT OPTION;
+\des+
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s1 VERSION '1.1';                              -- ERROR
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_role;                 -- ERROR
+RESET ROLE;
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+GRANT regress_test_role2 TO regress_test_role;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s1 VERSION '1.1';
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_role2;                -- ERROR
+RESET ROLE;
+ALTER SERVER s8 OPTIONS (foo '1');                          -- ERROR option validation
+ALTER SERVER s8 OPTIONS (connect_timeout '30', SET dbname 'db1', DROP host);
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_indirect;             -- ERROR
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT regress_test_indirect TO regress_test_role;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_indirect;
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_indirect;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s1 OWNER TO regress_test_indirect;
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_indirect;                            -- ERROR
+\des+
+
+ALTER SERVER s8 RENAME to s8new;
+\des+
+ALTER SERVER s8new RENAME to s8;
+
+-- DROP SERVER
+DROP SERVER nonexistent;                                    -- ERROR
+DROP SERVER IF EXISTS nonexistent;
+\des
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+DROP SERVER s2;                                             -- ERROR
+DROP SERVER s1;
+RESET ROLE;
+\des
+ALTER SERVER s2 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+DROP SERVER s2;
+RESET ROLE;
+\des
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s3;
+\deu
+DROP SERVER s3;                                             -- ERROR
+DROP SERVER s3 CASCADE;
+\des
+\deu
+
+-- CREATE USER MAPPING
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_missing_role SERVER s1;  -- ERROR
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s1;             -- ERROR
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s4;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR user SERVER s4;                     -- ERROR duplicate
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s4 OPTIONS ("this mapping" 'is public');
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR user SERVER s8 OPTIONS (username 'test', password 'secret');    -- ERROR
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR user SERVER s8 OPTIONS (user 'test', password 'secret');
+ALTER SERVER s5 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+ALTER SERVER s6 OWNER TO regress_test_indirect;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s5;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s6 OPTIONS (username 'test');
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s7;             -- ERROR
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s8;                   -- ERROR
+RESET ROLE;
+
+ALTER SERVER t1 OWNER TO regress_test_indirect;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER t1 OPTIONS (username 'bob', password 'boo');
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER t1;
+RESET ROLE;
+\deu
+
+-- ALTER USER MAPPING
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_missing_role SERVER s4 OPTIONS (gotcha 'true'); -- ERROR
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR user SERVER ss4 OPTIONS (gotcha 'true'); -- ERROR
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s5 OPTIONS (gotcha 'true');            -- ERROR
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s8 OPTIONS (username 'test');    -- ERROR
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s8 OPTIONS (DROP user, SET password 'public');
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s5 OPTIONS (ADD modified '1');
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s4 OPTIONS (ADD modified '1'); -- ERROR
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER t1 OPTIONS (ADD modified '1');
+RESET ROLE;
+\deu+
+
+-- DROP USER MAPPING
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_missing_role SERVER s4;  -- ERROR
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR user SERVER ss4;
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s7;                     -- ERROR
+DROP USER MAPPING IF EXISTS FOR regress_test_missing_role SERVER s4;
+DROP USER MAPPING IF EXISTS FOR user SERVER ss4;
+DROP USER MAPPING IF EXISTS FOR public SERVER s7;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s8;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s8;                     -- ERROR
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP SERVER s7;
+\deu
+
+-- CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
+CREATE SCHEMA foreign_schema;
+CREATE SERVER s0 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ();                                    -- ERROR
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 () SERVER no_server;                   -- ERROR
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 (
+	c1 integer OPTIONS ("param 1" 'val1') PRIMARY KEY,
+	c2 text OPTIONS (param2 'val2', param3 'val3'),
+	c3 date
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value'); -- ERROR
+CREATE TABLE ref_table (id integer PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 (
+	c1 integer OPTIONS ("param 1" 'val1') REFERENCES ref_table (id),
+	c2 text OPTIONS (param2 'val2', param3 'val3'),
+	c3 date
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value'); -- ERROR
+DROP TABLE ref_table;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 (
+	c1 integer OPTIONS ("param 1" 'val1') NOT NULL,
+	c2 text OPTIONS (param2 'val2', param3 'val3'),
+	c3 date,
+	UNIQUE (c3)
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value'); -- ERROR
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft1 (
+	c1 integer OPTIONS ("param 1" 'val1') NOT NULL,
+	c2 text OPTIONS (param2 'val2', param3 'val3') CHECK (c2 <> ''),
+	c3 date,
+	CHECK (c3 BETWEEN '1994-01-01'::date AND '1994-01-31'::date)
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+COMMENT ON FOREIGN TABLE ft1 IS 'ft1';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ft1.c1 IS 'ft1.c1';
+\d+ ft1
+\det+
+CREATE INDEX id_ft1_c2 ON ft1 (c2);                             -- ERROR
+SELECT * FROM ft1;                                              -- ERROR
+EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM ft1;                                      -- ERROR
+
+CREATE TABLE lt1 (a INT) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part1
+  PARTITION OF lt1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000) SERVER s0;
+CREATE INDEX ON lt1 (a);                              -- skips partition
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON lt1 (a);                                 -- ERROR
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);                            -- ERROR
+DROP TABLE lt1;
+
+CREATE TABLE lt1 (a INT) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE INDEX ON lt1 (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part1
+  PARTITION OF lt1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000) SERVER s0;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part2 (a INT) SERVER s0;
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ATTACH PARTITION ft_part2 FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000);
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft_part1, ft_part2;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON lt1 (a);
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part1
+  PARTITION OF lt1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000) SERVER s0;     -- ERROR
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part2 (a INT NOT NULL) SERVER s0;
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ATTACH PARTITION ft_part2
+  FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000);                             -- ERROR
+DROP TABLE lt1;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft_part2;
+
+CREATE TABLE lt1 (a INT) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE INDEX ON lt1 (a);
+CREATE TABLE lt1_part1
+  PARTITION OF lt1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_1
+  PARTITION OF lt1_part1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100) SERVER s0;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_2 (a INT) SERVER s0;
+ALTER TABLE lt1_part1 ATTACH PARTITION ft_part_1_2 FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON lt1 (a);
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_1, ft_part_1_2;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON lt1 (a);
+ALTER TABLE lt1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_1
+  PARTITION OF lt1_part1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100) SERVER s0;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_2 (a INT NOT NULL) SERVER s0;
+ALTER TABLE lt1_part1 ATTACH PARTITION ft_part_1_2 FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+DROP TABLE lt1;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft_part_1_2;
+
+-- ALTER FOREIGN TABLE
+COMMENT ON FOREIGN TABLE ft1 IS 'foreign table';
+COMMENT ON FOREIGN TABLE ft1 IS NULL;
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ft1.c1 IS 'foreign column';
+COMMENT ON COLUMN ft1.c1 IS NULL;
+
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c4 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c5 integer DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c6 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c7 integer NOT NULL;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c8 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c9 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD COLUMN c10 integer OPTIONS (p1 'v1');
+
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c4 SET DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c5 DROP DEFAULT;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c6 SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c7 DROP NOT NULL;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10) USING '0'; -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10);
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET DATA TYPE text;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN xmin OPTIONS (ADD p1 'v1'); -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c7 OPTIONS (ADD p1 'v1', ADD p2 'v2'),
+                        ALTER COLUMN c8 OPTIONS (ADD p1 'v1', ADD p2 'v2');
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 OPTIONS (SET p2 'V2', DROP p1);
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c1 SET STATISTICS 10000;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c1 SET (n_distinct = 100);
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET STATISTICS -1;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET STORAGE PLAIN;
+\d+ ft1
+-- can't change the column type if it's used elsewhere
+CREATE TABLE use_ft1_column_type (x ft1);
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET DATA TYPE integer;	-- ERROR
+DROP TABLE use_ft1_column_type;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (c7);                   -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check CHECK (c9 < 0) NOT VALID;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check DEFERRABLE; -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT no_const;               -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS no_const;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 OPTIONS (DROP delimiter, SET quote '~', ADD escape '@');
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP COLUMN no_column;                  -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS no_column;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP COLUMN c9;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 SET SCHEMA foreign_schema;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 SET TABLESPACE ts;                      -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE foreign_schema.ft1 RENAME c1 TO foreign_column_1;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE foreign_schema.ft1 RENAME TO foreign_table_1;
+\d foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+
+-- alter noexisting table
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c4 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c6 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c7 integer NOT NULL;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c8 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c9 integer;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ADD COLUMN c10 integer OPTIONS (p1 'v1');
+
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c6 SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c7 DROP NOT NULL;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10);
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET DATA TYPE text;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c7 OPTIONS (ADD p1 'v1', ADD p2 'v2'),
+                        ALTER COLUMN c8 OPTIONS (ADD p1 'v1', ADD p2 'v2');
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 OPTIONS (SET p2 'V2', DROP p1);
+
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS no_const;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT ft1_c1_check;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 OPTIONS (DROP delimiter, SET quote '~', ADD escape '@');
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS no_column;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 DROP COLUMN c9;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 SET SCHEMA foreign_schema;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 RENAME c1 TO foreign_column_1;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS doesnt_exist_ft1 RENAME TO foreign_table_1;
+
+-- Information schema
+
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_data_wrappers ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_data_wrapper_options ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_servers ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_server_options ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_mappings ORDER BY lower(authorization_identifier), 2, 3;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_mapping_options ORDER BY lower(authorization_identifier), 2, 3, 4;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.usage_privileges WHERE object_type LIKE 'FOREIGN%' AND object_name IN ('s6', 'foo') ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.role_usage_grants WHERE object_type LIKE 'FOREIGN%' AND object_name IN ('s6', 'foo') ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_tables ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_table_options ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_mapping_options ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.usage_privileges WHERE object_type LIKE 'FOREIGN%' AND object_name IN ('s6', 'foo') ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.role_usage_grants WHERE object_type LIKE 'FOREIGN%' AND object_name IN ('s6', 'foo') ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER t1;
+SET ROLE regress_test_role2;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_mapping_options ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+RESET ROLE;
+
+
+-- has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege('regress_test_role',
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper WHERE fdwname='foo'), 'USAGE');
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege('regress_test_role', 'foo', 'USAGE');
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname='regress_test_role'),
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper WHERE fdwname='foo'), 'USAGE');
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper WHERE fdwname='foo'), 'USAGE');
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname='regress_test_role'), 'foo', 'USAGE');
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege('foo', 'USAGE');
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_role;
+SELECT has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege('regress_test_role', 'foo', 'USAGE');
+
+-- has_server_privilege
+SELECT has_server_privilege('regress_test_role',
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_server WHERE srvname='s8'), 'USAGE');
+SELECT has_server_privilege('regress_test_role', 's8', 'USAGE');
+SELECT has_server_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname='regress_test_role'),
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_server WHERE srvname='s8'), 'USAGE');
+SELECT has_server_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_foreign_server WHERE srvname='s8'), 'USAGE');
+SELECT has_server_privilege(
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname='regress_test_role'), 's8', 'USAGE');
+SELECT has_server_privilege('s8', 'USAGE');
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s8 TO regress_test_role;
+SELECT has_server_privilege('regress_test_role', 's8', 'USAGE');
+REVOKE USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s8 FROM regress_test_role;
+
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s4 TO regress_test_role;
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s4;
+ALTER SERVER s6 OPTIONS (DROP host, DROP dbname);
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6 OPTIONS (DROP username);
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo VALIDATOR postgresql_fdw_validator;
+
+-- Privileges
+SET ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foobar;                             -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (gotcha 'true');         -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OWNER TO regress_unprivileged_role; -- ERROR
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                                  -- ERROR
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_role;   -- ERROR
+CREATE SERVER s9 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                      -- ERROR
+ALTER SERVER s4 VERSION '0.5';                                  -- ERROR
+ALTER SERVER s4 OWNER TO regress_unprivileged_role;             -- ERROR
+DROP SERVER s4;                                                 -- ERROR
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s4 TO regress_test_role;          -- ERROR
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s4;                       -- ERROR
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6 OPTIONS (gotcha 'true'); -- ERROR
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6;              -- ERROR
+RESET ROLE;
+
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql TO regress_unprivileged_role;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_unprivileged_role WITH GRANT OPTION;
+SET ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foobar;                             -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo OPTIONS (gotcha 'true');         -- ERROR
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                                  -- ERROR
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql TO regress_test_role; -- WARNING
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER s9 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql;
+ALTER SERVER s6 VERSION '0.5';                                  -- ERROR
+DROP SERVER s6;                                                 -- ERROR
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s6 TO regress_test_role;          -- ERROR
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s9 TO regress_test_role;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s6;                       -- ERROR
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s9;
+ALTER USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6 OPTIONS (gotcha 'true'); -- ERROR
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6;              -- ERROR
+RESET ROLE;
+
+REVOKE USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo FROM regress_unprivileged_role; -- ERROR
+REVOKE USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo FROM regress_unprivileged_role CASCADE;
+SET ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo TO regress_test_role;   -- ERROR
+CREATE SERVER s10 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;                     -- ERROR
+ALTER SERVER s9 VERSION '1.1';
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s9 TO regress_test_role;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s9;
+DROP SERVER s9 CASCADE;
+RESET ROLE;
+CREATE SERVER s9 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s9 TO regress_unprivileged_role;
+SET ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+ALTER SERVER s9 VERSION '1.2';                                  -- ERROR
+GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s9 TO regress_test_role;          -- WARNING
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER s9;
+DROP SERVER s9 CASCADE;                                         -- ERROR
+
+-- Check visibility of user mapping data
+SET ROLE regress_test_role;
+CREATE SERVER s10 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR public SERVER s10 OPTIONS (user 'secret');
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR regress_unprivileged_role SERVER s10 OPTIONS (user 'secret');
+-- owner of server can see some option fields
+\deu+
+RESET ROLE;
+-- superuser can see all option fields
+\deu+
+-- unprivileged user cannot see any option field
+SET ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+\deu+
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP SERVER s10 CASCADE;
+
+-- Triggers
+CREATE FUNCTION dummy_trigger() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER trigtest_before_stmt BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+FOR EACH STATEMENT
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER trigtest_after_stmt AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+FOR EACH STATEMENT
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER trigtest_after_stmt_tt AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE -- ERROR
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS new_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER trigtest_before_row BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER trigtest_after_row AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER trigtest_constraint AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_trigger();
+
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+	DISABLE TRIGGER trigtest_before_stmt;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE foreign_schema.foreign_table_1
+	ENABLE TRIGGER trigtest_before_stmt;
+
+DROP TRIGGER trigtest_before_stmt ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1;
+DROP TRIGGER trigtest_before_row ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1;
+DROP TRIGGER trigtest_after_stmt ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1;
+DROP TRIGGER trigtest_after_row ON foreign_schema.foreign_table_1;
+
+DROP FUNCTION dummy_trigger();
+
+-- Table inheritance
+CREATE TABLE fd_pt1 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft2 () INHERITS (fd_pt1)
+  SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+\d+ fd_pt1
+\d+ ft2
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft2;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft2 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+\d+ ft2
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft2 INHERIT fd_pt1;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+\d+ ft2
+CREATE TABLE ct3() INHERITS(ft2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft3 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+) INHERITS(ft2)
+  SERVER s0;
+\d+ ft2
+\d+ ct3
+\d+ ft3
+
+-- add attributes recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD COLUMN c4 integer;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD COLUMN c5 integer DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD COLUMN c6 integer;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD COLUMN c7 integer NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD COLUMN c8 integer;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+\d+ ft2
+\d+ ct3
+\d+ ft3
+
+-- alter attributes recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c4 SET DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c5 DROP DEFAULT;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c6 SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c7 DROP NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10) USING '0';        -- ERROR
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c8 TYPE char(10);
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET DATA TYPE text;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c1 SET STATISTICS 10000;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c1 SET (n_distinct = 100);
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET STATISTICS -1;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+\d+ ft2
+
+-- drop attributes recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP COLUMN c4;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP COLUMN c5;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP COLUMN c6;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP COLUMN c7;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP COLUMN c8;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+\d+ ft2
+
+-- add constraints recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk1 CHECK (c1 > 0) NO INHERIT;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk2 CHECK (c2 <> '');
+-- connoinherit should be true for NO INHERIT constraint
+SELECT relname, conname, contype, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit
+  FROM pg_class AS pc JOIN pg_constraint AS pgc ON (conrelid = pc.oid)
+  WHERE pc.relname = 'fd_pt1'
+  ORDER BY 1,2;
+-- child does not inherit NO INHERIT constraints
+\d+ fd_pt1
+\d+ ft2
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft2; -- ERROR
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE ft2 CASCADE;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft2 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+-- child must have parent's INHERIT constraints
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft2 INHERIT fd_pt1;                            -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft2 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk2 CHECK (c2 <> '');
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft2 INHERIT fd_pt1;
+-- child does not inherit NO INHERIT constraints
+\d+ fd_pt1
+\d+ ft2
+
+-- drop constraints recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk1 CASCADE;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 DROP CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk2 CASCADE;
+
+-- NOT VALID case
+INSERT INTO fd_pt1 VALUES (1, 'fd_pt1'::text, '1994-01-01'::date);
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk3 CHECK (c2 <> '') NOT VALID;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+\d+ ft2
+-- VALIDATE CONSTRAINT need do nothing on foreign tables
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk3;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+\d+ ft2
+
+-- changes name of an attribute recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 RENAME COLUMN c1 TO f1;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 RENAME COLUMN c2 TO f2;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 RENAME COLUMN c3 TO f3;
+-- changes name of a constraint recursively
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt1 RENAME CONSTRAINT fd_pt1chk3 TO f2_check;
+\d+ fd_pt1
+\d+ ft2
+
+DROP TABLE fd_pt1 CASCADE;
+
+-- IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA
+IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA s1 FROM SERVER s9 INTO public; -- ERROR
+IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA s1 LIMIT TO (t1) FROM SERVER s9 INTO public; --ERROR
+IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA s1 EXCEPT (t1) FROM SERVER s9 INTO public; -- ERROR
+IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA s1 EXCEPT (t1, t2) FROM SERVER s9 INTO public
+OPTIONS (option1 'value1', option2 'value2'); -- ERROR
+
+-- DROP FOREIGN TABLE
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE no_table;                                    -- ERROR
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS no_table;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE foreign_schema.foreign_table_1;
+
+-- REASSIGN OWNED/DROP OWNED of foreign objects
+REASSIGN OWNED BY regress_test_role TO regress_test_role2;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_test_role2;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_test_role2 CASCADE;
+
+-- Foreign partition DDL stuff
+CREATE TABLE fd_pt2 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+) PARTITION BY LIST (c1);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1 PARTITION OF fd_pt2 FOR VALUES IN (1)
+  SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+\d+ fd_pt2
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+
+-- partition cannot have additional columns
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date,
+	c4 char
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);       -- ERROR
+
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1;
+\d+ fd_pt2
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1 (
+	c1 integer NOT NULL,
+	c2 text,
+	c3 date
+) SERVER s0 OPTIONS (delimiter ',', quote '"', "be quoted" 'value');
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+-- no attach partition validation occurs for foreign tables
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+\d+ fd_pt2
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+
+-- cannot add column to a partition
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2_1 ADD c4 char;
+
+-- ok to have a partition's own constraints though
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2_1 ALTER c3 SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2_1 ADD CONSTRAINT p21chk CHECK (c2 <> '');
+\d+ fd_pt2
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+
+-- cannot drop inherited NOT NULL constraint from a partition
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2_1 ALTER c1 DROP NOT NULL;
+
+-- partition must have parent's constraints
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 DETACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ALTER c2 SET NOT NULL;
+\d+ fd_pt2
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);       -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1 ALTER c2 SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 DETACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1;
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt2chk1 CHECK (c1 > 0);
+\d+ fd_pt2
+\d+ fd_pt2_1
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);       -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1 ADD CONSTRAINT fd_pt2chk1 CHECK (c1 > 0);
+ALTER TABLE fd_pt2 ATTACH PARTITION fd_pt2_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fd_pt2_1;
+DROP TABLE fd_pt2;
+
+-- foreign table cannot be part of partition tree made of temporary
+-- relations.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_parted (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_part PARTITION OF temp_parted DEFAULT
+  SERVER s0;  -- ERROR
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_part (a int) SERVER s0;
+ALTER TABLE temp_parted ATTACH PARTITION foreign_part DEFAULT;  -- ERROR
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE foreign_part;
+DROP TABLE temp_parted;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP SCHEMA foreign_schema CASCADE;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role;                                -- ERROR
+DROP SERVER t1 CASCADE;
+DROP USER MAPPING FOR regress_test_role SERVER s6;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER foo CASCADE;
+DROP SERVER s8 CASCADE;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_indirect;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role;
+DROP ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;                        -- ERROR
+REVOKE ALL ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql FROM regress_unprivileged_role;
+DROP ROLE regress_unprivileged_role;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role2;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql CASCADE;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER dummy CASCADE;
+\c
+DROP ROLE regress_foreign_data_user;
+
+-- At this point we should have no wrappers, no servers, and no mappings.
+SELECT fdwname, fdwhandler, fdwvalidator, fdwoptions FROM pg_foreign_data_wrapper;
+SELECT srvname, srvoptions FROM pg_foreign_server;
+SELECT * FROM pg_user_mapping;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/foreign_key.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/foreign_key.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e3291e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/foreign_key.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,2071 @@
+--
+-- FOREIGN KEY
+--
+
+-- MATCH FULL
+--
+-- First test, check and cascade
+--
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLE
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 1);
+
+-- Insert a failed row into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+--
+-- check set NULL and table constraint on multiple columns
+--
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, CONSTRAINT constrname FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2)
+                       REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL);
+
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT constrname_wrong ON FKTABLE IS 'fk constraint comment';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT constrname ON FKTABLE IS 'fk constraint comment';
+COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT constrname ON FKTABLE IS NULL;
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLE
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 'Test1-2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 8, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 10, 'Test5');
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, NULL, 0);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 2, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, NULL, 4);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1 and ptest2=2;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+-- Delete another row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5 and ptest2=10;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE (should be no change)
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+-- Check update with part of key null
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = NULL WHERE ftest1 = 1;
+
+-- Check update with old and new key values equal
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = 1 WHERE ftest1 = 1;
+
+-- Try altering the column type where foreign keys are involved
+ALTER TABLE PKTABLE ALTER COLUMN ptest1 TYPE bigint;
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ALTER COLUMN ftest1 TYPE bigint;
+SELECT * FROM PKTABLE;
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+
+--
+-- check set default and table constraint on multiple columns
+--
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT -1, ftest2 int DEFAULT -2, ftest3 int, CONSTRAINT constrname2 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2)
+                       REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT);
+
+-- Insert a value in PKTABLE for default
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (-1, -2, 'The Default!');
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLE
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 'Test1-2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 8, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 10, 'Test5');
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, NULL, 0);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 2, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, NULL, 4);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1 and ptest2=2;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE to check for removal
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+-- Delete another row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5 and ptest2=10;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE (should be no change)
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+-- this should fail for lack of CASCADE
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+
+
+--
+-- First test, check with no on delete or on update
+--
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLE
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 1);
+
+-- Insert a failed row into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+-- Check PKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM PKTABLE;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (should fail)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (should succeed)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5;
+
+-- Check PKTABLE for deletes
+SELECT * FROM PKTABLE;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (should fail)
+UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=0 WHERE ptest1=2;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (should succeed)
+UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=0 WHERE ptest1=4;
+
+-- Check PKTABLE for updates
+SELECT * FROM PKTABLE;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+--
+-- Check initial check upon ALTER TABLE
+--
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int );
+
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, NULL);
+
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+
+-- MATCH SIMPLE
+
+-- Base test restricting update/delete
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int,  CONSTRAINT constrname3
+			FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE);
+
+-- Insert Primary Key values
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4');
+
+-- Insert Foreign Key values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5);
+
+-- Insert a failed values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6);
+
+-- Show FKTABLE
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+-- Try to update something that should fail
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2;
+
+-- Try to update something that should succeed
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=1 WHERE ptest2=3;
+
+-- Try to delete something that should fail
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=1 and ptest2=2 and ptest3=3;
+
+-- Try to delete something that should work
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2;
+
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+-- restrict with null values
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, UNIQUE(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int,  CONSTRAINT constrname3
+			FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE (ptest1, ptest2, ptest3));
+
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, NULL, 'test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 4, 'test3');
+
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1);
+
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1 = 2;
+
+SELECT * FROM PKTABLE;
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+-- cascade update/delete
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int,  CONSTRAINT constrname3
+			FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE
+			ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE);
+
+-- Insert Primary Key values
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4');
+
+-- Insert Foreign Key values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5);
+
+-- Insert a failed values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6);
+
+-- Show FKTABLE
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+-- Try to update something that will cascade
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2;
+
+-- Try to update something that should not cascade
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=1 WHERE ptest2=3;
+
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+-- Try to delete something that should cascade
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=1 and ptest2=5 and ptest3=3;
+
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+-- Try to delete something that should not have a cascade
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2;
+
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+-- set null update / set default delete
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT 0, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int,  CONSTRAINT constrname3
+			FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE
+			ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL);
+
+-- Insert Primary Key values
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4');
+
+-- Insert Foreign Key values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5);
+
+-- Insert a failed values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6);
+
+-- Show FKTABLE
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+-- Try to update something that will set null
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2;
+
+-- Try to update something that should not set null
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=2 WHERE ptest2=3 and ptest1=1;
+
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+-- Try to delete something that should set default
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2 and ptest2=3 and ptest3=4;
+
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+-- Try to delete something that should not set default
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest2=5;
+
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+-- set default update / set null delete
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT 0, ftest2 int DEFAULT -1, ftest3 int DEFAULT -2, ftest4 int, CONSTRAINT constrname3
+			FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE
+			ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT);
+
+-- Insert Primary Key values
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, -1, 5, 'test5');
+
+-- Insert Foreign Key values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5);
+
+-- Insert a failed values
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6);
+
+-- Show FKTABLE
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+-- Try to update something that will fail
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2;
+
+-- Try to update something that will set default
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=0, ptest2=-1, ptest3=-2 where ptest2=2;
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=10 where ptest2=4;
+
+-- Try to update something that should not set default
+UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=2 WHERE ptest2=3 and ptest1=1;
+
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+-- Try to delete something that should set null
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2 and ptest2=3 and ptest3=4;
+
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+-- Try to delete something that should not set null
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest2=-1 and ptest3=5;
+
+-- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE
+SELECT * from PKTABLE;
+SELECT * from FKTABLE;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+-- Test for ON DELETE SET NULL/DEFAULT (column_list);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (tid int, id int, PRIMARY KEY (tid, id));
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (tid int, id int, foo int, FOREIGN KEY (tid, id) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET NULL (bar));
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (tid int, id int, foo int, FOREIGN KEY (tid, id) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET NULL (foo));
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (tid int, id int, foo int, FOREIGN KEY (tid, foo) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON UPDATE SET NULL (foo));
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (
+  tid int, id int,
+  fk_id_del_set_null int,
+  fk_id_del_set_default int DEFAULT 0,
+  FOREIGN KEY (tid, fk_id_del_set_null) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET NULL (fk_id_del_set_null),
+  FOREIGN KEY (tid, fk_id_del_set_default) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET DEFAULT (fk_id_del_set_default)
+);
+
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid) FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'fktable'::regclass::oid ORDER BY oid;
+
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES
+  (1, 1, 1, NULL),
+  (1, 2, NULL, 2);
+
+DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE id = 1 OR id = 2;
+
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLE ORDER BY id;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+-- Test some invalid FK definitions
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, someoid oid);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1 ( ftest1 int, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (ftest2) REFERENCES PKTABLE);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL2 ( ftest1 int, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLE(ptest2));
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL3 ( ftest1 int, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (tableoid) REFERENCES PKTABLE(someoid));
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL4 ( ftest1 oid, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLE(tableoid));
+
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+-- Test for referencing column number smaller than referenced constraint
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 int, UNIQUE(ptest1, ptest2));
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1 (ftest1 int REFERENCES pktable(ptest1));
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+--
+-- Tests for mismatched types
+--
+-- Basic one column, two table setup
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES(42);
+-- This next should fail, because int=inet does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 inet REFERENCES pktable);
+-- This should also fail for the same reason, but here we
+-- give the column name
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 inet REFERENCES pktable(ptest1));
+-- This should succeed, even though they are different types,
+-- because int=int8 exists and is a member of the integer opfamily
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int8 REFERENCES pktable);
+-- Check it actually works
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(42);		-- should succeed
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(43);		-- should fail
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = ftest1;	-- should succeed
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = ftest1 + 1;	-- should fail
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- This should fail, because we'd have to cast numeric to int which is
+-- not an implicit coercion (or use numeric=numeric, but that's not part
+-- of the integer opfamily)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 numeric REFERENCES pktable);
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- On the other hand, this should work because int implicitly promotes to
+-- numeric, and we allow promotion on the FK side
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 numeric PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES(42);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int REFERENCES pktable);
+-- Check it actually works
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(42);		-- should succeed
+INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES(43);		-- should fail
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = ftest1;	-- should succeed
+UPDATE FKTABLE SET ftest1 = ftest1 + 1;	-- should fail
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+-- Two columns, two tables
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2));
+-- This should fail, because we just chose really odd types
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 timestamp, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable);
+-- Again, so should this...
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 timestamp, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2));
+-- This fails because we mixed up the column ordering
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable);
+-- As does this...
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2));
+-- And again..
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1));
+-- This works...
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1));
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+-- As does this
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2));
+DROP TABLE FKTABLE;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+
+-- Two columns, same table
+-- Make sure this still works...
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3,
+ptest4) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2));
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- And this,
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3,
+ptest4) REFERENCES pktable);
+DROP TABLE PKTABLE;
+-- This shouldn't (mixed up columns)
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3,
+ptest4) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1));
+-- Nor should this... (same reason, we have 4,3 referencing 1,2 which mismatches types
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest4,
+ptest3) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2));
+-- Not this one either... Same as the last one except we didn't defined the columns being referenced.
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest4,
+ptest3) REFERENCES pktable);
+
+--
+-- Now some cases with inheritance
+-- Basic 2 table case: 1 column of matching types.
+create table pktable_base (base1 int not null);
+create table pktable (ptest1 int, primary key(base1), unique(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+create table fktable (ftest1 int references pktable(base1));
+-- now some ins, upd, del
+insert into pktable(base1) values (1);
+insert into pktable(base1) values (2);
+--  let's insert a non-existent fktable value
+insert into fktable(ftest1) values (3);
+--  let's make a valid row for that
+insert into pktable(base1) values (3);
+insert into fktable(ftest1) values (3);
+-- let's try removing a row that should fail from pktable
+delete from pktable where base1>2;
+-- okay, let's try updating all of the base1 values to *4
+-- which should fail.
+update pktable set base1=base1*4;
+-- okay, let's try an update that should work.
+update pktable set base1=base1*4 where base1<3;
+-- and a delete that should work
+delete from pktable where base1>3;
+-- cleanup
+drop table fktable;
+delete from pktable;
+
+-- Now 2 columns 2 tables, matching types
+create table fktable (ftest1 int, ftest2 int, foreign key(ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1));
+-- now some ins, upd, del
+insert into pktable(base1, ptest1) values (1, 1);
+insert into pktable(base1, ptest1) values (2, 2);
+--  let's insert a non-existent fktable value
+insert into fktable(ftest1, ftest2) values (3, 1);
+--  let's make a valid row for that
+insert into pktable(base1,ptest1) values (3, 1);
+insert into fktable(ftest1, ftest2) values (3, 1);
+-- let's try removing a row that should fail from pktable
+delete from pktable where base1>2;
+-- okay, let's try updating all of the base1 values to *4
+-- which should fail.
+update pktable set base1=base1*4;
+-- okay, let's try an update that should work.
+update pktable set base1=base1*4 where base1<3;
+-- and a delete that should work
+delete from pktable where base1>3;
+-- cleanup
+drop table fktable;
+drop table pktable;
+drop table pktable_base;
+
+-- Now we'll do one all in 1 table with 2 columns of matching types
+create table pktable_base(base1 int not null, base2 int);
+create table pktable(ptest1 int, ptest2 int, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references
+                                             pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (1, 1, 1, 1);
+insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 1, 1, 1);
+insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 2, 2, 1);
+insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (1, 3, 2, 2);
+-- fails (3,2) isn't in base1, ptest1
+insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 3, 3, 2);
+-- fails (2,2) is being referenced
+delete from pktable where base1=2;
+-- fails (1,1) is being referenced (twice)
+update pktable set base1=3 where base1=1;
+-- this sequence of two deletes will work, since after the first there will be no (2,*) references
+delete from pktable where base2=2;
+delete from pktable where base1=2;
+drop table pktable;
+drop table pktable_base;
+
+-- 2 columns (2 tables), mismatched types
+create table pktable_base(base1 int not null);
+create table pktable(ptest1 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+-- just generally bad types (with and without column references on the referenced table)
+create table fktable(ftest1 cidr, ftest2 int[], foreign key (ftest1, ftest2) references pktable);
+create table fktable(ftest1 cidr, ftest2 int[], foreign key (ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1));
+-- let's mix up which columns reference which
+create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest2, ftest1) references pktable);
+create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest2, ftest1) references pktable(base1, ptest1));
+create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(ptest1, base1));
+drop table pktable;
+drop table pktable_base;
+
+-- 2 columns (1 table), mismatched types
+create table pktable_base(base1 int not null, base2 int);
+create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet[], primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references
+                                             pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references
+                                             pktable(ptest1, base1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(ptest2, base2) references
+                                             pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(ptest2, base2) references
+                                             pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base);
+drop table pktable;
+drop table pktable_base;
+
+--
+-- Deferrable constraints
+--
+
+-- deferrable, explicitly deferred
+CREATE TABLE pktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	other	INT4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	fk		INT4 REFERENCES pktable DEFERRABLE
+);
+
+-- default to immediate: should fail
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (5, 10);
+
+-- explicitly defer the constraint
+BEGIN;
+
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;
+
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (10, 15);
+INSERT INTO pktable VALUES (15, 0); -- make the FK insert valid
+
+COMMIT;
+
+DROP TABLE fktable, pktable;
+
+-- deferrable, initially deferred
+CREATE TABLE pktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	other	INT4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	fk		INT4 REFERENCES pktable DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
+);
+
+-- default to deferred, should succeed
+BEGIN;
+
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (100, 200);
+INSERT INTO pktable VALUES (200, 500); -- make the FK insert valid
+
+COMMIT;
+
+-- default to deferred, explicitly make immediate
+BEGIN;
+
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
+
+-- should fail
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (500, 1000);
+
+COMMIT;
+
+DROP TABLE fktable, pktable;
+
+-- tricky behavior: according to SQL99, if a deferred constraint is set
+-- to 'immediate' mode, it should be checked for validity *immediately*,
+-- not when the current transaction commits (i.e. the mode change applies
+-- retroactively)
+CREATE TABLE pktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	other	INT4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	fk		INT4 REFERENCES pktable DEFERRABLE
+);
+
+BEGIN;
+
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;
+
+-- should succeed, for now
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (1000, 2000);
+
+-- should cause transaction abort, due to preceding error
+SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
+
+INSERT INTO pktable VALUES (2000, 3); -- too late
+
+COMMIT;
+
+DROP TABLE fktable, pktable;
+
+-- deferrable, initially deferred
+CREATE TABLE pktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	other	INT4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktable (
+	id		INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+	fk		INT4 REFERENCES pktable DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
+);
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- no error here
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (100, 200);
+
+-- error here on commit
+COMMIT;
+
+DROP TABLE pktable, fktable;
+
+-- test notice about expensive referential integrity checks,
+-- where the index cannot be used because of type incompatibilities.
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE pktable (
+        id1     INT4 PRIMARY KEY,
+        id2     VARCHAR(4) UNIQUE,
+        id3     REAL UNIQUE,
+        UNIQUE(id1, id2, id3)
+);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE fktable (
+        x1      INT4 REFERENCES pktable(id1),
+        x2      VARCHAR(4) REFERENCES pktable(id2),
+        x3      REAL REFERENCES pktable(id3),
+        x4      TEXT,
+        x5      INT2
+);
+
+-- check individual constraints with alter table.
+
+-- should fail
+
+-- varchar does not promote to real
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_2_3
+FOREIGN KEY (x2) REFERENCES pktable(id3);
+
+-- nor to int4
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_2_1
+FOREIGN KEY (x2) REFERENCES pktable(id1);
+
+-- real does not promote to int4
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_3_1
+FOREIGN KEY (x3) REFERENCES pktable(id1);
+
+-- int4 does not promote to text
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_1_2
+FOREIGN KEY (x1) REFERENCES pktable(id2);
+
+-- should succeed
+
+-- int4 promotes to real
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_1_3
+FOREIGN KEY (x1) REFERENCES pktable(id3);
+
+-- text is compatible with varchar
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_4_2
+FOREIGN KEY (x4) REFERENCES pktable(id2);
+
+-- int2 is part of integer opfamily as of 8.0
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_5_1
+FOREIGN KEY (x5) REFERENCES pktable(id1);
+
+-- check multikey cases, especially out-of-order column lists
+
+-- these should work
+
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_123_123
+FOREIGN KEY (x1,x2,x3) REFERENCES pktable(id1,id2,id3);
+
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_213_213
+FOREIGN KEY (x2,x1,x3) REFERENCES pktable(id2,id1,id3);
+
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_253_213
+FOREIGN KEY (x2,x5,x3) REFERENCES pktable(id2,id1,id3);
+
+-- these should fail
+
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_123_231
+FOREIGN KEY (x1,x2,x3) REFERENCES pktable(id2,id3,id1);
+
+ALTER TABLE fktable ADD CONSTRAINT fk_241_132
+FOREIGN KEY (x2,x4,x1) REFERENCES pktable(id1,id3,id2);
+
+DROP TABLE pktable, fktable;
+
+-- test a tricky case: we can elide firing the FK check trigger during
+-- an UPDATE if the UPDATE did not change the foreign key
+-- field. However, we can't do this if our transaction was the one that
+-- created the updated row and the trigger is deferred, since our UPDATE
+-- will have invalidated the original newly-inserted tuple, and therefore
+-- cause the on-INSERT RI trigger not to be fired.
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE pktable (
+    id int primary key,
+    other int
+);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE fktable (
+    id int primary key,
+    fk int references pktable deferrable initially deferred
+);
+
+INSERT INTO pktable VALUES (5, 10);
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- doesn't match PK, but no error yet
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (0, 20);
+
+-- don't change FK
+UPDATE fktable SET id = id + 1;
+
+-- should catch error from initial INSERT
+COMMIT;
+
+-- check same case when insert is in a different subtransaction than update
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- doesn't match PK, but no error yet
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (0, 20);
+
+-- UPDATE will be in a subxact
+SAVEPOINT savept1;
+
+-- don't change FK
+UPDATE fktable SET id = id + 1;
+
+-- should catch error from initial INSERT
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- INSERT will be in a subxact
+SAVEPOINT savept1;
+
+-- doesn't match PK, but no error yet
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (0, 20);
+
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT savept1;
+
+-- don't change FK
+UPDATE fktable SET id = id + 1;
+
+-- should catch error from initial INSERT
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- doesn't match PK, but no error yet
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (0, 20);
+
+-- UPDATE will be in a subxact
+SAVEPOINT savept1;
+
+-- don't change FK
+UPDATE fktable SET id = id + 1;
+
+-- Roll back the UPDATE
+ROLLBACK TO savept1;
+
+-- should catch error from initial INSERT
+COMMIT;
+
+--
+-- check ALTER CONSTRAINT
+--
+
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (1, 5);
+
+ALTER TABLE fktable ALTER CONSTRAINT fktable_fk_fkey DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE;
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- doesn't match FK, should throw error now
+UPDATE pktable SET id = 10 WHERE id = 5;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+
+-- doesn't match PK, should throw error now
+INSERT INTO fktable VALUES (0, 20);
+
+COMMIT;
+
+-- try additional syntax
+ALTER TABLE fktable ALTER CONSTRAINT fktable_fk_fkey NOT DEFERRABLE;
+-- illegal option
+ALTER TABLE fktable ALTER CONSTRAINT fktable_fk_fkey NOT DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+
+-- test order of firing of FK triggers when several RI-induced changes need to
+-- be made to the same row.  This was broken by subtransaction-related
+-- changes in 8.0.
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE users (
+  id INT PRIMARY KEY,
+  name VARCHAR NOT NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, 'Jozko');
+INSERT INTO users VALUES (2, 'Ferko');
+INSERT INTO users VALUES (3, 'Samko');
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tasks (
+  id INT PRIMARY KEY,
+  owner INT REFERENCES users ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE SET NULL,
+  worker INT REFERENCES users ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE SET NULL,
+  checked_by INT REFERENCES users ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE SET NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO tasks VALUES (1,1,NULL,NULL);
+INSERT INTO tasks VALUES (2,2,2,NULL);
+INSERT INTO tasks VALUES (3,3,3,3);
+
+SELECT * FROM tasks;
+
+UPDATE users SET id = 4 WHERE id = 3;
+
+SELECT * FROM tasks;
+
+DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 4;
+
+SELECT * FROM tasks;
+
+-- could fail with only 2 changes to make, if row was already updated
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE tasks set id=id WHERE id=2;
+SELECT * FROM tasks;
+DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 2;
+SELECT * FROM tasks;
+COMMIT;
+
+--
+-- Test self-referential FK with CASCADE (bug #6268)
+--
+create temp table selfref (
+    a int primary key,
+    b int,
+    foreign key (b) references selfref (a)
+        on update cascade on delete cascade
+);
+
+insert into selfref (a, b)
+values
+    (0, 0),
+    (1, 1);
+
+begin;
+    update selfref set a = 123 where a = 0;
+    select a, b from selfref;
+    update selfref set a = 456 where a = 123;
+    select a, b from selfref;
+commit;
+
+--
+-- Test that SET DEFAULT actions recognize updates to default values
+--
+create temp table defp (f1 int primary key);
+create temp table defc (f1 int default 0
+                        references defp on delete set default);
+insert into defp values (0), (1), (2);
+insert into defc values (2);
+select * from defc;
+delete from defp where f1 = 2;
+select * from defc;
+delete from defp where f1 = 0; -- fail
+alter table defc alter column f1 set default 1;
+delete from defp where f1 = 0;
+select * from defc;
+delete from defp where f1 = 1; -- fail
+
+--
+-- Test the difference between NO ACTION and RESTRICT
+--
+create temp table pp (f1 int primary key);
+create temp table cc (f1 int references pp on update no action on delete no action);
+insert into pp values(12);
+insert into pp values(11);
+update pp set f1=f1+1;
+insert into cc values(13);
+update pp set f1=f1+1;
+update pp set f1=f1+1; -- fail
+delete from pp where f1 = 13; -- fail
+drop table pp, cc;
+
+create temp table pp (f1 int primary key);
+create temp table cc (f1 int references pp on update restrict on delete restrict);
+insert into pp values(12);
+insert into pp values(11);
+update pp set f1=f1+1;
+insert into cc values(13);
+update pp set f1=f1+1; -- fail
+delete from pp where f1 = 13; -- fail
+drop table pp, cc;
+
+--
+-- Test interaction of foreign-key optimization with rules (bug #14219)
+--
+create temp table t1 (a integer primary key, b text);
+create temp table t2 (a integer primary key, b integer references t1);
+create rule r1 as on delete to t1 do delete from t2 where t2.b = old.a;
+
+explain (costs off) delete from t1 where a = 1;
+delete from t1 where a = 1;
+
+-- Test a primary key with attributes located in later attnum positions
+-- compared to the fk attributes.
+create table pktable2 (a int, b int, c int, d int, e int, primary key (d, e));
+create table fktable2 (d int, e int, foreign key (d, e) references pktable2);
+insert into pktable2 values (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+insert into fktable2 values (4, 5);
+delete from pktable2;
+update pktable2 set d = 5;
+drop table pktable2, fktable2;
+
+-- Test truncation of long foreign key names
+create table pktable1 (a int primary key);
+create table pktable2 (a int, b int, primary key (a, b));
+create table fktable2 (
+  a int,
+  b int,
+  very_very_long_column_name_to_exceed_63_characters int,
+  foreign key (very_very_long_column_name_to_exceed_63_characters) references pktable1,
+  foreign key (a, very_very_long_column_name_to_exceed_63_characters) references pktable2,
+  foreign key (a, very_very_long_column_name_to_exceed_63_characters) references pktable2
+);
+select conname from pg_constraint where conrelid = 'fktable2'::regclass order by conname;
+drop table pktable1, pktable2, fktable2;
+
+--
+-- Test deferred FK check on a tuple deleted by a rolled-back subtransaction
+--
+create table pktable2(f1 int primary key);
+create table fktable2(f1 int references pktable2 deferrable initially deferred);
+insert into pktable2 values(1);
+
+begin;
+insert into fktable2 values(1);
+savepoint x;
+delete from fktable2;
+rollback to x;
+commit;
+
+begin;
+insert into fktable2 values(2);
+savepoint x;
+delete from fktable2;
+rollback to x;
+commit; -- fail
+
+--
+-- Test that we prevent dropping FK constraint with pending trigger events
+--
+begin;
+insert into fktable2 values(2);
+alter table fktable2 drop constraint fktable2_f1_fkey;
+commit;
+
+begin;
+delete from pktable2 where f1 = 1;
+alter table fktable2 drop constraint fktable2_f1_fkey;
+commit;
+
+drop table pktable2, fktable2;
+
+--
+-- Test keys that "look" different but compare as equal
+--
+create table pktable2 (a float8, b float8, primary key (a, b));
+create table fktable2 (x float8, y float8, foreign key (x, y) references pktable2 (a, b) on update cascade);
+
+insert into pktable2 values ('-0', '-0');
+insert into fktable2 values ('-0', '-0');
+
+select * from pktable2;
+select * from fktable2;
+
+update pktable2 set a = '0' where a = '-0';
+
+select * from pktable2;
+-- should have updated fktable2.x
+select * from fktable2;
+
+drop table pktable2, fktable2;
+
+
+--
+-- Foreign keys and partitioned tables
+--
+
+-- Creation of a partitioned hierarchy with irregular definitions
+CREATE TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk (fdrop1 int, a int, fdrop2 int, b int,
+  PRIMARY KEY (a, b));
+ALTER TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk DROP COLUMN fdrop1, DROP COLUMN fdrop2;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk (b int, fdrop1 int, a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, b);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP COLUMN fdrop1;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_1 (fdrop1 int, fdrop2 int, a int, fdrop3 int, b int);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_1 DROP COLUMN fdrop1, DROP COLUMN fdrop2, DROP COLUMN fdrop3;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_1 FOR VALUES FROM (0,0) TO (1000,1000);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 (b int, fdrop1 int, fdrop2 int, a int);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 DROP COLUMN fdrop1, DROP COLUMN fdrop2;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2 FOR VALUES FROM (1000,1000) TO (2000,2000);
+
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_3 (fdrop1 int, fdrop2 int, fdrop3 int, fdrop4 int, b int, a int)
+  PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_3 DROP COLUMN fdrop1, DROP COLUMN fdrop2,
+	DROP COLUMN fdrop3, DROP COLUMN fdrop4;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_3_0 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_3 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 5, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_3_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_3 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 5, REMAINDER 1);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_3
+  FOR VALUES FROM (2000,2000) TO (3000,3000);
+
+-- Creating a foreign key with ONLY on a partitioned table referencing
+-- a non-partitioned table fails.
+ALTER TABLE ONLY fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk;
+-- Adding a NOT VALID foreign key on a partitioned table referencing
+-- a non-partitioned table fails.
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk NOT VALID;
+
+-- these inserts, targeting both the partition directly as well as the
+-- partitioned table, should all fail
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (500, 501);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_1 (a,b) VALUES (500, 501);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (1500, 1501);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_2 (a,b) VALUES (1500, 1501);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (2500, 2502);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a,b) VALUES (2500, 2502);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (2501, 2503);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a,b) VALUES (2501, 2503);
+
+-- but if we insert the values that make them valid, then they work
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (500, 501), (1500, 1501),
+  (2500, 2502), (2501, 2503);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (500, 501);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (1500, 1501);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (2500, 2502);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (2501, 2503);
+
+-- this update fails because there is no referenced row
+UPDATE fk_partitioned_fk SET a = a + 1 WHERE a = 2501;
+-- but we can fix it thusly:
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk (a,b) VALUES (2502, 2503);
+UPDATE fk_partitioned_fk SET a = a + 1 WHERE a = 2501;
+
+-- these updates would leave lingering rows in the referencing table; disallow
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET b = 502 WHERE a = 500;
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET b = 1502 WHERE a = 1500;
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET b = 2504 WHERE a = 2500;
+-- check psql behavior
+\d fk_notpartitioned_pk
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP CONSTRAINT fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey;
+-- done.
+DROP TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk, fk_partitioned_fk;
+
+-- Altering a type referenced by a foreign key needs to drop/recreate the FK.
+-- Ensure that works.
+CREATE TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk (a INT, PRIMARY KEY(a), CHECK (a > 0));
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk (a INT REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a) PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE) TO (MAXVALUE);
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk ALTER COLUMN a TYPE bigint;
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk WHERE a = 1;
+DROP TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk, fk_partitioned_fk;
+
+-- Test some other exotic foreign key features: MATCH SIMPLE, ON UPDATE/DELETE
+-- actions
+CREATE TABLE fk_notpartitioned_pk (a int, b int, primary key (a, b));
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk (a int default 2501, b int default 142857) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk FOR VALUES IN (NULL,500,501,502);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk MATCH SIMPLE
+  ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk FOR VALUES IN (1500,1502);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a int, b int);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_3 FOR VALUES IN (2500,2501,2502,2503);
+
+-- this insert fails
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a, b) VALUES (2502, 2503);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a, b) VALUES (2502, 2503);
+-- but since the FK is MATCH SIMPLE, this one doesn't
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a, b) VALUES (2502, NULL);
+-- now create the referenced row ...
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (2502, 2503);
+--- and now the same insert work
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a, b) VALUES (2502, 2503);
+-- this always works
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk (a,b) VALUES (NULL, NULL);
+
+-- MATCH FULL
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (1, 2);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_full (x int, y int) PARTITION BY RANGE (x);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_full_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_full DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_full VALUES (1, NULL);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_full ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, y) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk MATCH FULL;  -- fails
+TRUNCATE fk_partitioned_fk_full;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_full ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, y) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk MATCH FULL;
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_full VALUES (1, NULL);  -- fails
+DROP TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_full;
+
+-- ON UPDATE SET NULL
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, a, b FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE b IS NULL ORDER BY a;
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET a = a + 1 WHERE a = 2502;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, a, b FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE b IS NULL ORDER BY a;
+
+-- ON DELETE SET NULL
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk VALUES (2503, 2503);
+SELECT count(*) FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE a IS NULL;
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk;
+SELECT count(*) FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE a IS NULL;
+
+-- ON UPDATE/DELETE SET DEFAULT
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP CONSTRAINT fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk
+  ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (2502, 2503);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_3 (a, b) VALUES (2502, 2503);
+-- this fails, because the defaults for the referencing table are not present
+-- in the referenced table:
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET a = 1500 WHERE a = 2502;
+-- but inserting the row we can make it work:
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (2501, 142857);
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET a = 1500 WHERE a = 2502;
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE b = 142857;
+
+-- ON DELETE SET NULL column_list
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP CONSTRAINT fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk
+  ON DELETE SET NULL (a);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk WHERE b = 142857;
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE a IS NOT NULL OR b IS NOT NULL ORDER BY a NULLS LAST;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- ON DELETE SET DEFAULT column_list
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP CONSTRAINT fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk
+  ON DELETE SET DEFAULT (a);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM fk_partitioned_fk;
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk;
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (500, 100000), (2501, 100000);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk VALUES (500, 100000);
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk WHERE a = 500;
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk ORDER BY a;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- ON UPDATE/DELETE CASCADE
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DROP CONSTRAINT fk_partitioned_fk_a_b_fkey;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a, b)
+  REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk
+  ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+UPDATE fk_notpartitioned_pk SET a = 2502 WHERE a = 2501;
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE b = 142857;
+
+-- Now you see it ...
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE b = 142857;
+DELETE FROM fk_notpartitioned_pk WHERE b = 142857;
+-- now you don't.
+SELECT * FROM fk_partitioned_fk WHERE a = 142857;
+
+-- verify that DROP works
+DROP TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2;
+
+-- Test behavior of the constraint together with attaching and detaching
+-- partitions.
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk FOR VALUES IN (1500,1502);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DETACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2;
+BEGIN;
+DROP TABLE fk_partitioned_fk;
+-- constraint should still be there
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_2;
+ROLLBACK;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2 FOR VALUES IN (1500,1502);
+DROP TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2;
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 (b int, c text, a int,
+	FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 DROP COLUMN c;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2 FOR VALUES IN (1500,1502);
+-- should have only one constraint
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_2
+DROP TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2;
+
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_4 (a int, b int, FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE) PARTITION BY RANGE (b, a);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_4_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_4 FOR VALUES FROM (1,1) TO (100,100);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_4_2 (a int, b int, FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE SET NULL);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_4 ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_4_2 FOR VALUES FROM (100,100) TO (1000,1000);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_4 FOR VALUES IN (3500,3502);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DETACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_4;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_4 FOR VALUES IN (3500,3502);
+-- should only have one constraint
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_4
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_4_1
+-- this one has an FK with mismatched properties
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_4_2
+
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_5 (a int, b int,
+	FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE DEFERRABLE,
+	FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b) MATCH FULL ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_5_1 (a int, b int, FOREIGN KEY (a, b) REFERENCES fk_notpartitioned_pk);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5 FOR VALUES IN (4500);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_5 ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5_1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk DETACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5 FOR VALUES IN (4500);
+-- this one has two constraints, similar but not quite the one in the parent,
+-- so it gets a new one
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_5
+-- verify that it works to reattaching a child with multiple candidate
+-- constraints
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_5 DETACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5_1;
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_5 ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_5_1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+\d fk_partitioned_fk_5_1
+
+-- verify that attaching a table checks that the existing data satisfies the
+-- constraint
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2 (a int, b int) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2_1 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_2 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000);
+CREATE TABLE fk_partitioned_fk_2_2 PARTITION OF fk_partitioned_fk_2 FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000);
+INSERT INTO fk_partitioned_fk_2 VALUES (1600, 601), (1600, 1601);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2
+  FOR VALUES IN (1600);
+INSERT INTO fk_notpartitioned_pk VALUES (1600, 601), (1600, 1601);
+ALTER TABLE fk_partitioned_fk ATTACH PARTITION fk_partitioned_fk_2
+  FOR VALUES IN (1600);
+
+-- leave these tables around intentionally
+
+-- test the case when the referenced table is owned by a different user
+create role regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+grant references on fk_notpartitioned_pk to regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+set role regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+create table other_partitioned_fk(a int, b int) partition by list (a);
+create table other_partitioned_fk_1 partition of other_partitioned_fk
+  for values in (2048);
+insert into other_partitioned_fk
+  select 2048, x from generate_series(1,10) x;
+-- this should fail
+alter table other_partitioned_fk add foreign key (a, b)
+  references fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b);
+-- add the missing keys and retry
+reset role;
+insert into fk_notpartitioned_pk (a, b)
+  select 2048, x from generate_series(1,10) x;
+set role regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+alter table other_partitioned_fk add foreign key (a, b)
+  references fk_notpartitioned_pk(a, b);
+-- clean up
+drop table other_partitioned_fk;
+reset role;
+revoke all on fk_notpartitioned_pk from regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+drop role regress_other_partitioned_fk_owner;
+
+--
+-- Test self-referencing foreign key with partition.
+-- This should create only one fk constraint per partition
+--
+CREATE TABLE parted_self_fk (
+    id bigint NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    id_abc bigint,
+    FOREIGN KEY (id_abc) REFERENCES parted_self_fk(id)
+)
+PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+CREATE TABLE part1_self_fk (
+    id bigint NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    id_abc bigint
+);
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk ATTACH PARTITION part1_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE part2_self_fk PARTITION OF parted_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+CREATE TABLE part3_self_fk (	-- a partitioned partition
+	id bigint NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+	id_abc bigint
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+CREATE TABLE part32_self_fk PARTITION OF part3_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk ATTACH PARTITION part3_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (40);
+CREATE TABLE part33_self_fk (
+	id bigint NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+	id_abc bigint
+);
+ALTER TABLE part3_self_fk ATTACH PARTITION part33_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (40);
+
+SELECT cr.relname, co.conname, co.contype, co.convalidated,
+       p.conname AS conparent, p.convalidated, cf.relname AS foreignrel
+FROM pg_constraint co
+JOIN pg_class cr ON cr.oid = co.conrelid
+LEFT JOIN pg_class cf ON cf.oid = co.confrelid
+LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.oid = co.conparentid
+WHERE cr.oid IN (SELECT relid FROM pg_partition_tree('parted_self_fk'))
+ORDER BY co.contype, cr.relname, co.conname, p.conname;
+
+-- detach and re-attach multiple times just to ensure everything is kosher
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk DETACH PARTITION part2_self_fk;
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk ATTACH PARTITION part2_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk DETACH PARTITION part2_self_fk;
+ALTER TABLE parted_self_fk ATTACH PARTITION part2_self_fk FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+
+SELECT cr.relname, co.conname, co.contype, co.convalidated,
+       p.conname AS conparent, p.convalidated, cf.relname AS foreignrel
+FROM pg_constraint co
+JOIN pg_class cr ON cr.oid = co.conrelid
+LEFT JOIN pg_class cf ON cf.oid = co.confrelid
+LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.oid = co.conparentid
+WHERE cr.oid IN (SELECT relid FROM pg_partition_tree('parted_self_fk'))
+ORDER BY co.contype, cr.relname, co.conname, p.conname;
+
+-- Leave this table around, for pg_upgrade/pg_dump tests
+
+
+-- Test creating a constraint at the parent that already exists in partitions.
+-- There should be no duplicated constraints, and attempts to drop the
+-- constraint in partitions should raise appropriate errors.
+create schema fkpart0
+  create table pkey (a int primary key)
+  create table fk_part (a int) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1 partition of fk_part
+      (foreign key (a) references fkpart0.pkey) for values in (1)
+  create table fk_part_23 partition of fk_part
+      (foreign key (a) references fkpart0.pkey) for values in (2, 3)
+      partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_23_2 partition of fk_part_23 for values in (2);
+
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part add foreign key (a) references fkpart0.pkey;
+\d fkpart0.fk_part_1	\\ -- should have only one FK
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_1 drop constraint fk_part_1_a_fkey;
+
+\d fkpart0.fk_part_23	\\ -- should have only one FK
+\d fkpart0.fk_part_23_2	\\ -- should have only one FK
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_23 drop constraint fk_part_23_a_fkey;
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_23_2 drop constraint fk_part_23_a_fkey;
+
+create table fkpart0.fk_part_4 partition of fkpart0.fk_part for values in (4);
+\d fkpart0.fk_part_4
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_4 drop constraint fk_part_a_fkey;
+
+create table fkpart0.fk_part_56 partition of fkpart0.fk_part
+    for values in (5,6) partition by list (a);
+create table fkpart0.fk_part_56_5 partition of fkpart0.fk_part_56
+    for values in (5);
+\d fkpart0.fk_part_56
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_56 drop constraint fk_part_a_fkey;
+alter table fkpart0.fk_part_56_5 drop constraint fk_part_a_fkey;
+
+-- verify that attaching and detaching partitions maintains the right set of
+-- triggers
+create schema fkpart1
+  create table pkey (a int primary key)
+  create table fk_part (a int) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1 partition of fk_part for values in (1) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1_1 partition of fk_part_1 for values in (1);
+alter table fkpart1.fk_part add foreign key (a) references fkpart1.pkey;
+insert into fkpart1.fk_part values (1);		-- should fail
+insert into fkpart1.pkey values (1);
+insert into fkpart1.fk_part values (1);
+delete from fkpart1.pkey where a = 1;		-- should fail
+alter table fkpart1.fk_part detach partition fkpart1.fk_part_1;
+create table fkpart1.fk_part_1_2 partition of fkpart1.fk_part_1 for values in (2);
+insert into fkpart1.fk_part_1 values (2);	-- should fail
+delete from fkpart1.pkey where a = 1;
+
+-- verify that attaching and detaching partitions manipulates the inheritance
+-- properties of their FK constraints correctly
+create schema fkpart2
+  create table pkey (a int primary key)
+  create table fk_part (a int, constraint fkey foreign key (a) references fkpart2.pkey) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1 partition of fkpart2.fk_part for values in (1) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1_1 (a int, constraint my_fkey foreign key (a) references fkpart2.pkey);
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part_1 attach partition fkpart2.fk_part_1_1 for values in (1);
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part_1 drop constraint fkey;	-- should fail
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part_1_1 drop constraint my_fkey;	-- should fail
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part detach partition fkpart2.fk_part_1;
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part_1 drop constraint fkey;	-- ok
+alter table fkpart2.fk_part_1_1 drop constraint my_fkey;	-- doesn't exist
+
+-- verify constraint deferrability
+create schema fkpart3
+  create table pkey (a int primary key)
+  create table fk_part (a int, constraint fkey foreign key (a) references fkpart3.pkey deferrable initially immediate) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1 partition of fkpart3.fk_part for values in (1) partition by list (a)
+  create table fk_part_1_1 partition of fkpart3.fk_part_1 for values in (1)
+  create table fk_part_2 partition of fkpart3.fk_part for values in (2);
+begin;
+set constraints fkpart3.fkey deferred;
+insert into fkpart3.fk_part values (1);
+insert into fkpart3.pkey values (1);
+commit;
+begin;
+set constraints fkpart3.fkey deferred;
+delete from fkpart3.pkey;
+delete from fkpart3.fk_part;
+commit;
+
+drop schema fkpart0, fkpart1, fkpart2, fkpart3 cascade;
+
+-- Test a partitioned table as referenced table.
+
+-- Verify basic functionality with a regular partition creation and a partition
+-- with a different column layout, as well as partitions added (created and
+-- attached) after creating the foreign key.
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart3;
+SET search_path TO fkpart3;
+
+CREATE TABLE pk (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000);
+CREATE TABLE pk2 (b int, a int);
+ALTER TABLE pk2 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE pk2 ALTER a SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE pk ATTACH PARTITION pk2 FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000);
+
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (750);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk;
+CREATE TABLE fk2 (b int, a int) ;
+ALTER TABLE fk2 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE fk ATTACH PARTITION fk2 FOR VALUES FROM (750) TO (3500);
+
+CREATE TABLE pk3 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES FROM (2000) TO (3000);
+CREATE TABLE pk4 (LIKE pk);
+ALTER TABLE pk ATTACH PARTITION pk4 FOR VALUES FROM (3000) TO (4000);
+
+CREATE TABLE pk5 (c int, b int, a int NOT NULL) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+ALTER TABLE pk5 DROP COLUMN b, DROP COLUMN c;
+CREATE TABLE pk51 PARTITION OF pk5 FOR VALUES FROM (4000) TO (4500);
+CREATE TABLE pk52 PARTITION OF pk5 FOR VALUES FROM (4500) TO (5000);
+ALTER TABLE pk ATTACH PARTITION pk5 FOR VALUES FROM (4000) TO (5000);
+
+CREATE TABLE fk3 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (3500) TO (5000);
+
+-- these should fail: referenced value not present
+INSERT into fk VALUES (1);
+INSERT into fk VALUES (1000);
+INSERT into fk VALUES (2000);
+INSERT into fk VALUES (3000);
+INSERT into fk VALUES (4000);
+INSERT into fk VALUES (4500);
+-- insert into the referenced table, now they should work
+INSERT into pk VALUES (1), (1000), (2000), (3000), (4000), (4500);
+INSERT into fk VALUES (1), (1000), (2000), (3000), (4000), (4500);
+
+-- should fail: referencing value present
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 1;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 1000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 2000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 3000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 4000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 4500;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 2 WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 1002 WHERE a = 1000;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 2002 WHERE a = 2000;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 3002 WHERE a = 3000;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 4002 WHERE a = 4000;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 4502 WHERE a = 4500;
+-- now they should work
+DELETE FROM fk;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 2 WHERE a = 1;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 2;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 1002 WHERE a = 1000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 1002;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 2002 WHERE a = 2000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 2002;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 3002 WHERE a = 3000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 3002;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 4002 WHERE a = 4000;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 4002;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 4502 WHERE a = 4500;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 4502;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart4;
+SET search_path TO fkpart4;
+-- dropping/detaching PARTITIONs is prevented if that would break
+-- a foreign key's existing data
+CREATE TABLE droppk (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE droppk1 PARTITION OF droppk FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000);
+CREATE TABLE droppk_d PARTITION OF droppk DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE droppk2 PARTITION OF droppk FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (2000)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE droppk21 PARTITION OF droppk2 FOR VALUES FROM (1000) TO (1400);
+CREATE TABLE droppk2_d PARTITION OF droppk2 DEFAULT;
+INSERT into droppk VALUES (1), (1000), (1500), (2000);
+CREATE TABLE dropfk (a int REFERENCES droppk);
+INSERT into dropfk VALUES (1), (1000), (1500), (2000);
+-- these should all fail
+ALTER TABLE droppk DETACH PARTITION droppk_d;
+ALTER TABLE droppk2 DETACH PARTITION droppk2_d;
+ALTER TABLE droppk DETACH PARTITION droppk1;
+ALTER TABLE droppk DETACH PARTITION droppk2;
+ALTER TABLE droppk2 DETACH PARTITION droppk21;
+-- dropping partitions is disallowed
+DROP TABLE droppk_d;
+DROP TABLE droppk2_d;
+DROP TABLE droppk1;
+DROP TABLE droppk2;
+DROP TABLE droppk21;
+DELETE FROM dropfk;
+-- dropping partitions is disallowed, even when no referencing values
+DROP TABLE droppk_d;
+DROP TABLE droppk2_d;
+DROP TABLE droppk1;
+-- but DETACH is allowed, and DROP afterwards works
+ALTER TABLE droppk2 DETACH PARTITION droppk21;
+DROP TABLE droppk2;
+
+-- Verify that initial constraint creation and cloning behave correctly
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart5;
+SET search_path TO fkpart5;
+CREATE TABLE pk (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (1) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk11 PARTITION OF pk1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES IN (1) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk11 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk;
+CREATE TABLE pk2 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE TABLE pk3 (a int NOT NULL) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk31 PARTITION OF pk3 FOR VALUES IN (31);
+CREATE TABLE pk32 (b int, a int NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE pk32 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE pk3 ATTACH PARTITION pk32 FOR VALUES IN (32);
+ALTER TABLE pk ATTACH PARTITION pk3 FOR VALUES IN (31, 32);
+CREATE TABLE fk2 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE TABLE fk3 (b int, a int);
+ALTER TABLE fk3 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE fk ATTACH PARTITION fk3 FOR VALUES IN (3);
+SELECT pg_describe_object('pg_constraint'::regclass, oid, 0), confrelid::regclass,
+       CASE WHEN conparentid <> 0 THEN pg_describe_object('pg_constraint'::regclass, conparentid, 0) ELSE 'TOP' END
+FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint
+WHERE conrelid IN (SELECT relid FROM pg_partition_tree('fk'))
+ORDER BY conrelid::regclass::text, conname;
+CREATE TABLE fk4 (LIKE fk);
+INSERT INTO fk4 VALUES (50);
+ALTER TABLE fk ATTACH PARTITION fk4 FOR VALUES IN (50);
+
+-- Verify constraint deferrability
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart9;
+SET search_path TO fkpart9;
+CREATE TABLE pk (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (1, 2) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk11 PARTITION OF pk1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE pk3 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (3);
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int REFERENCES pk DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE);
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (1);		-- should fail
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS fk_a_fkey DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (1);
+COMMIT;							-- should fail
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS fk_a_fkey DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO pk VALUES (1);
+COMMIT;							-- OK
+BEGIN;
+SET CONSTRAINTS fk_a_fkey DEFERRED;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 1;
+DELETE FROM fk WHERE a = 1;
+COMMIT;							-- OK
+
+-- Verify constraint deferrability when changed by ALTER
+-- Partitioned table at referencing end
+CREATE TABLE pt(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, PRIMARY KEY(f1,f2));
+CREATE TABLE ref(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int)
+  PARTITION BY list(f1);
+CREATE TABLE ref1 PARTITION OF ref FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE ref2 PARTITION OF ref FOR VALUES in (2);
+ALTER TABLE ref ADD FOREIGN KEY(f1,f2) REFERENCES pt;
+ALTER TABLE ref ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO pt VALUES(1,2,3);
+INSERT INTO ref VALUES(1,2,3);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM pt;
+DELETE FROM ref;
+ABORT;
+DROP TABLE pt, ref;
+-- Multi-level partitioning at referencing end
+CREATE TABLE pt(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, PRIMARY KEY(f1,f2));
+CREATE TABLE ref(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int)
+  PARTITION BY list(f1);
+CREATE TABLE ref1_2 PARTITION OF ref FOR VALUES IN (1, 2) PARTITION BY list (f2);
+CREATE TABLE ref1 PARTITION OF ref1_2 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE ref2 PARTITION OF ref1_2 FOR VALUES IN (2) PARTITION BY list (f2);
+CREATE TABLE ref22 PARTITION OF ref2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+ALTER TABLE ref ADD FOREIGN KEY(f1,f2) REFERENCES pt;
+INSERT INTO pt VALUES(1,2,3);
+INSERT INTO ref VALUES(1,2,3);
+ALTER TABLE ref22 ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE;	-- fails
+ALTER TABLE ref ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM pt;
+DELETE FROM ref;
+ABORT;
+DROP TABLE pt, ref;
+
+-- Partitioned table at referenced end
+CREATE TABLE pt(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, PRIMARY KEY(f1,f2))
+  PARTITION BY LIST(f1);
+CREATE TABLE pt1 PARTITION OF pt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE pt2 PARTITION OF pt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE TABLE ref(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int);
+ALTER TABLE ref ADD FOREIGN KEY(f1,f2) REFERENCES pt;
+ALTER TABLE ref ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO pt VALUES(1,2,3);
+INSERT INTO ref VALUES(1,2,3);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM pt;
+DELETE FROM ref;
+ABORT;
+DROP TABLE pt, ref;
+-- Multi-level partitioning at at referenced end
+CREATE TABLE pt(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, PRIMARY KEY(f1,f2))
+  PARTITION BY LIST(f1);
+CREATE TABLE pt1_2 PARTITION OF pt FOR VALUES IN (1, 2) PARTITION BY LIST (f1);
+CREATE TABLE pt1 PARTITION OF pt1_2 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE pt2 PARTITION OF pt1_2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE TABLE ref(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int);
+ALTER TABLE ref ADD FOREIGN KEY(f1,f2) REFERENCES pt;
+ALTER TABLE ref ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey1
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;	-- fails
+ALTER TABLE ref ALTER CONSTRAINT ref_f1_f2_fkey
+  DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
+INSERT INTO pt VALUES(1,2,3);
+INSERT INTO ref VALUES(1,2,3);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM pt;
+DELETE FROM ref;
+ABORT;
+DROP TABLE pt, ref;
+
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart9 CASCADE;
+
+-- Verify ON UPDATE/DELETE behavior
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart6;
+SET search_path TO fkpart6;
+CREATE TABLE pk (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE pk11 PARTITION OF pk1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (50);
+CREATE TABLE pk12 PARTITION OF pk1 FOR VALUES FROM (50) TO (100);
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk11 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE fk12 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (100);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE;
+CREATE TABLE fk_d PARTITION OF fk DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO pk VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (1);
+UPDATE pk SET a = 20;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM fk;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 20;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM fk;
+DROP TABLE fk;
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE pk;
+INSERT INTO pk VALUES (20), (50);
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk11 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE fk12 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (100);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk ON UPDATE SET NULL ON DELETE SET NULL;
+CREATE TABLE fk_d PARTITION OF fk DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (20), (50);
+UPDATE pk SET a = 21 WHERE a = 20;
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 50;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM fk;
+DROP TABLE fk;
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE pk;
+INSERT INTO pk VALUES (20), (30), (50);
+CREATE TABLE fk (id int, a int DEFAULT 50) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk11 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE fk12 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (100);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT ON DELETE SET DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE fk_d PARTITION OF fk DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (1, 20), (2, 30);
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 20 RETURNING *;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 90 WHERE a = 30 RETURNING *;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM fk;
+DROP TABLE fk;
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE pk;
+INSERT INTO pk VALUES (20), (30);
+CREATE TABLE fk (a int DEFAULT 50) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE fk11 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE fk12 PARTITION OF fk1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (100);
+ALTER TABLE fk ADD FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT;
+CREATE TABLE fk_d PARTITION OF fk DEFAULT;
+INSERT INTO fk VALUES (20), (30);
+DELETE FROM pk WHERE a = 20;
+UPDATE pk SET a = 90 WHERE a = 30;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM fk;
+DROP TABLE fk;
+
+-- test for reported bug: relispartition not set
+-- https://postgr.es/m/CA+HiwqHMsRtRYRWYTWavKJ8x14AFsv7bmAV46mYwnfD3vy8goQ@mail.gmail.com
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart7
+  CREATE TABLE pkpart (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a)
+  CREATE TABLE pkpart1 PARTITION OF pkpart FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ALTER TABLE fkpart7.pkpart1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+ALTER TABLE fkpart7.pkpart ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+CREATE TABLE fkpart7.fk (a int REFERENCES fkpart7.pkpart);
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart7 CASCADE;
+
+-- ensure we check partitions are "not used" when dropping constraints
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart8
+  CREATE TABLE tbl1(f1 int PRIMARY KEY)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl2(f1 int REFERENCES tbl1 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED) PARTITION BY RANGE(f1)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl2_p1 PARTITION OF tbl2 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (maxvalue);
+INSERT INTO fkpart8.tbl1 VALUES(1);
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO fkpart8.tbl2 VALUES(1);
+ALTER TABLE fkpart8.tbl2 DROP CONSTRAINT tbl2_f1_fkey;
+COMMIT;
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart8 CASCADE;
+
+-- ensure FK referencing a multi-level partitioned table are
+-- enforce reference to sub-children.
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart9
+  CREATE TABLE pk (a INT PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE (a)
+  CREATE TABLE fk (
+    fk_a INT REFERENCES pk(a) ON DELETE CASCADE
+  )
+  CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (50) PARTITION BY RANGE (a)
+  CREATE TABLE pk11 PARTITION OF pk1 FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (40);
+INSERT INTO fkpart9.pk VALUES (35);
+INSERT INTO fkpart9.fk VALUES (35);
+DELETE FROM fkpart9.pk WHERE a=35;
+SELECT * FROM fkpart9.pk;
+SELECT * FROM fkpart9.fk;
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart9 CASCADE;
+
+-- test that ri_Check_Pk_Match() scans the correct partition for a deferred
+-- ON DELETE/UPDATE NO ACTION constraint
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart10
+  CREATE TABLE tbl1(f1 int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE(f1)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl1_p1 PARTITION OF tbl1 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (1)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl1_p2 PARTITION OF tbl1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (maxvalue)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl2(f1 int REFERENCES tbl1 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl3(f1 int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE(f1)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl3_p1 PARTITION OF tbl3 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (1)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl3_p2 PARTITION OF tbl3 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (maxvalue)
+  CREATE TABLE tbl4(f1 int REFERENCES tbl3 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl1 VALUES (0), (1);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl2 VALUES (0), (1);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl3 VALUES (-2), (-1), (0);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl4 VALUES (-2), (-1);
+BEGIN;
+DELETE FROM fkpart10.tbl1 WHERE f1 = 0;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl1 SET f1 = 2 WHERE f1 = 1;
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl1 VALUES (0), (1);
+COMMIT;
+
+-- test that cross-partition updates correctly enforces the foreign key
+-- restriction (specifically testing INITIAILLY DEFERRED)
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl1 SET f1 = 3 WHERE f1 = 0;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 * -1;
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl1 VALUES (4);
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 * -1;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 + 3;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl1 SET f1 = 3 WHERE f1 = 0;
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl1 VALUES (0);
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 * -1;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl1 SET f1 = 3 WHERE f1 = 0;
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl1 VALUES (0);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl3 VALUES (-2), (-1);
+COMMIT;
+
+-- test where the updated table now has both an IMMEDIATE and a DEFERRED
+-- constraint pointing into it
+CREATE TABLE fkpart10.tbl5(f1 int REFERENCES fkpart10.tbl3);
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl5 VALUES (-2), (-1);
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 * -3;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- Now test where the row referenced from the table with an IMMEDIATE
+-- constraint stays in place, while those referenced from the table with a
+-- DEFERRED constraint don't.
+DELETE FROM fkpart10.tbl5;
+INSERT INTO fkpart10.tbl5 VALUES (0);
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE fkpart10.tbl3 SET f1 = f1 * -3;
+COMMIT;
+
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart10 CASCADE;
+
+-- verify foreign keys are enforced during cross-partition updates,
+-- especially on the PK side
+CREATE SCHEMA fkpart11
+  CREATE TABLE pk (a INT PRIMARY KEY, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a)
+  CREATE TABLE fk (
+    a INT,
+    CONSTRAINT fkey FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk(a) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+  )
+  CREATE TABLE fk_parted (
+    a INT PRIMARY KEY,
+    CONSTRAINT fkey FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pk(a) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+  ) PARTITION BY LIST (a)
+  CREATE TABLE fk_another (
+    a INT,
+    CONSTRAINT fkey FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES fk_parted (a) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
+  )
+  CREATE TABLE pk1 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (1, 2) PARTITION BY LIST (a)
+  CREATE TABLE pk2 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (3)
+  CREATE TABLE pk3 PARTITION OF pk FOR VALUES IN (4)
+  CREATE TABLE fk1 PARTITION OF fk_parted FOR VALUES IN (1, 2)
+  CREATE TABLE fk2 PARTITION OF fk_parted FOR VALUES IN (3)
+  CREATE TABLE fk3 PARTITION OF fk_parted FOR VALUES IN (4);
+CREATE TABLE fkpart11.pk11 (b text, a int NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.pk1 ATTACH PARTITION fkpart11.pk11 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE fkpart11.pk12 (b text, c int, a int NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.pk12 DROP c;
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.pk1 ATTACH PARTITION fkpart11.pk12 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO fkpart11.pk VALUES (1, 'xxx'), (3, 'yyy');
+INSERT INTO fkpart11.fk VALUES (1), (3);
+INSERT INTO fkpart11.fk_parted VALUES (1), (3);
+INSERT INTO fkpart11.fk_another VALUES (1), (3);
+-- moves 2 rows from one leaf partition to another, with both updates being
+-- cascaded to fk and fk_parted.  Updates of fk_parted, of which one is
+-- cross-partition (3 -> 4), are further cascaded to fk_another.
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk SET a = a + 1 RETURNING tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, *;
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk;
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk_parted;
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk_another;
+
+-- let's try with the foreign key pointing at tables in the partition tree
+-- that are not the same as the query's target table
+
+-- 1. foreign key pointing into a non-root ancestor
+--
+-- A cross-partition update on the root table will fail, because we currently
+-- can't enforce the foreign keys pointing into a non-leaf partition
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.fk DROP CONSTRAINT fkey;
+DELETE FROM fkpart11.fk WHERE a = 4;
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.fk ADD CONSTRAINT fkey FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES fkpart11.pk1 (a) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE;
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk SET a = a - 1;
+-- it's okay though if the non-leaf partition is updated directly
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk1 SET a = a - 1;
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.pk;
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk;
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk_parted;
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk_another;
+
+-- 2. foreign key pointing into a single leaf partition
+--
+-- A cross-partition update that deletes from the pointed-to leaf partition
+-- is allowed to succeed
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.fk DROP CONSTRAINT fkey;
+ALTER TABLE fkpart11.fk ADD CONSTRAINT fkey FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES fkpart11.pk11 (a) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE;
+-- will delete (1) from p11 which is cascaded to fk
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk SET a = a + 1 WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::pg_catalog.regclass, * FROM fkpart11.fk;
+DROP TABLE fkpart11.fk;
+
+-- check that regular and deferrable AR triggers on the PK tables
+-- still work as expected
+CREATE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row () RETURNS TRIGGER LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RAISE NOTICE 'TABLE: %, OP: %, OLD: %, NEW: %', TG_RELNAME, TG_OP, OLD, NEW;
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_upd_pk AFTER UPDATE ON fkpart11.pk FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_del_pk AFTER DELETE ON fkpart11.pk FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_ins_pk AFTER INSERT ON fkpart11.pk FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER trig_upd_fk_parted AFTER UPDATE ON fkpart11.fk_parted INITIALLY DEFERRED FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER trig_del_fk_parted AFTER DELETE ON fkpart11.fk_parted INITIALLY DEFERRED FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER trig_ins_fk_parted AFTER INSERT ON fkpart11.fk_parted INITIALLY DEFERRED FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION fkpart11.print_row();
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk SET a = 3 WHERE a = 4;
+UPDATE fkpart11.pk SET a = 1 WHERE a = 2;
+
+DROP SCHEMA fkpart11 CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/functional_deps.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/functional_deps.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..406490b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/functional_deps.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+-- from http://www.depesz.com/index.php/2010/04/19/getting-unique-elements/
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE articles (
+    id int CONSTRAINT articles_pkey PRIMARY KEY,
+    keywords text,
+    title text UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+    body text UNIQUE,
+    created date
+);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE articles_in_category (
+    article_id int,
+    category_id int,
+    changed date,
+    PRIMARY KEY (article_id, category_id)
+);
+
+-- test functional dependencies based on primary keys/unique constraints
+
+-- base tables
+
+-- group by primary key (OK)
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY id;
+
+-- group by unique not null (fail/todo)
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY title;
+
+-- group by unique nullable (fail)
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY body;
+
+-- group by something else (fail)
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY keywords;
+
+-- multiple tables
+
+-- group by primary key (OK)
+SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, a.body, a.created
+FROM articles AS a, articles_in_category AS aic
+WHERE a.id = aic.article_id AND aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY a.id;
+
+-- group by something else (fail)
+SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, a.body, a.created
+FROM articles AS a, articles_in_category AS aic
+WHERE a.id = aic.article_id AND aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY aic.article_id, aic.category_id;
+
+-- JOIN syntax
+
+-- group by left table's primary key (OK)
+SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, a.body, a.created
+FROM articles AS a JOIN articles_in_category AS aic ON a.id = aic.article_id
+WHERE aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY a.id;
+
+-- group by something else (fail)
+SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, a.body, a.created
+FROM articles AS a JOIN articles_in_category AS aic ON a.id = aic.article_id
+WHERE aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY aic.article_id, aic.category_id;
+
+-- group by right table's (composite) primary key (OK)
+SELECT aic.changed
+FROM articles AS a JOIN articles_in_category AS aic ON a.id = aic.article_id
+WHERE aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY aic.category_id, aic.article_id;
+
+-- group by right table's partial primary key (fail)
+SELECT aic.changed
+FROM articles AS a JOIN articles_in_category AS aic ON a.id = aic.article_id
+WHERE aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY aic.article_id;
+
+
+-- example from documentation
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE products (product_id int, name text, price numeric);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE sales (product_id int, units int);
+
+-- OK
+SELECT product_id, p.name, (sum(s.units) * p.price) AS sales
+    FROM products p LEFT JOIN sales s USING (product_id)
+    GROUP BY product_id, p.name, p.price;
+
+-- fail
+SELECT product_id, p.name, (sum(s.units) * p.price) AS sales
+    FROM products p LEFT JOIN sales s USING (product_id)
+    GROUP BY product_id;
+
+ALTER TABLE products ADD PRIMARY KEY (product_id);
+
+-- OK now
+SELECT product_id, p.name, (sum(s.units) * p.price) AS sales
+    FROM products p LEFT JOIN sales s USING (product_id)
+    GROUP BY product_id;
+
+
+-- Drupal example, http://drupal.org/node/555530
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE node (
+    nid SERIAL,
+    vid integer NOT NULL default '0',
+    type varchar(32) NOT NULL default '',
+    title varchar(128) NOT NULL default '',
+    uid integer NOT NULL default '0',
+    status integer NOT NULL default '1',
+    created integer NOT NULL default '0',
+    -- snip
+    PRIMARY KEY (nid, vid)
+);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE users (
+    uid integer NOT NULL default '0',
+    name varchar(60) NOT NULL default '',
+    pass varchar(32) NOT NULL default '',
+    -- snip
+    PRIMARY KEY (uid),
+    UNIQUE (name)
+);
+
+-- OK
+SELECT u.uid, u.name FROM node n
+INNER JOIN users u ON u.uid = n.uid
+WHERE n.type = 'blog' AND n.status = 1
+GROUP BY u.uid, u.name;
+
+-- OK
+SELECT u.uid, u.name FROM node n
+INNER JOIN users u ON u.uid = n.uid
+WHERE n.type = 'blog' AND n.status = 1
+GROUP BY u.uid;
+
+
+-- Check views and dependencies
+
+-- fail
+CREATE TEMP VIEW fdv1 AS
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY body;
+
+-- OK
+CREATE TEMP VIEW fdv1 AS
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY id;
+
+-- fail
+ALTER TABLE articles DROP CONSTRAINT articles_pkey RESTRICT;
+
+DROP VIEW fdv1;
+
+
+-- multiple dependencies
+CREATE TEMP VIEW fdv2 AS
+SELECT a.id, a.keywords, a.title, aic.category_id, aic.changed
+FROM articles AS a JOIN articles_in_category AS aic ON a.id = aic.article_id
+WHERE aic.category_id in (14,62,70,53,138)
+GROUP BY a.id, aic.category_id, aic.article_id;
+
+ALTER TABLE articles DROP CONSTRAINT articles_pkey RESTRICT; -- fail
+ALTER TABLE articles_in_category DROP CONSTRAINT articles_in_category_pkey RESTRICT; --fail
+
+DROP VIEW fdv2;
+
+
+-- nested queries
+
+CREATE TEMP VIEW fdv3 AS
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY id
+UNION
+SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+FROM articles
+GROUP BY id;
+
+ALTER TABLE articles DROP CONSTRAINT articles_pkey RESTRICT; -- fail
+
+DROP VIEW fdv3;
+
+
+CREATE TEMP VIEW fdv4 AS
+SELECT * FROM articles WHERE title IN (SELECT title FROM articles GROUP BY id);
+
+ALTER TABLE articles DROP CONSTRAINT articles_pkey RESTRICT; -- fail
+
+DROP VIEW fdv4;
+
+
+-- prepared query plans: this results in failure on reuse
+
+PREPARE foo AS
+  SELECT id, keywords, title, body, created
+  FROM articles
+  GROUP BY id;
+
+EXECUTE foo;
+
+ALTER TABLE articles DROP CONSTRAINT articles_pkey RESTRICT;
+
+EXECUTE foo;  -- fail
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/generated.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/generated.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d25161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/generated.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,611 @@
+-- sanity check of system catalog
+SELECT attrelid, attname, attgenerated FROM pg_attribute WHERE attgenerated NOT IN ('', 's');
+
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest0 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (55) STORED);
+CREATE TABLE gtest1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, column_default, is_nullable, is_generated, generation_expression FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'gtest_' ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, dependent_column FROM information_schema.column_column_usage ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+\d gtest1
+
+-- duplicate generated
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED);
+
+-- references to other generated columns, including self-references
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 3) STORED);
+-- a whole-row var is a self-reference on steroids, so disallow that too
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2c (a int PRIMARY KEY,
+    b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (num_nulls(gtest_err_2c)) STORED);
+
+-- invalid reference
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (c * 2) STORED);
+
+-- generation expression must be immutable
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_4 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b double precision GENERATED ALWAYS AS (random()) STORED);
+
+-- cannot have default/identity and generated
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int DEFAULT 5 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS identity GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+
+-- reference to system column not allowed in generated column
+-- (except tableoid, which we test below)
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_6a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (xmin <> 37) STORED);
+
+-- various prohibited constructs
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (avg(a)) STORED);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (row_number() OVER (ORDER BY a)) STORED);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7c (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((SELECT a)) STORED);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7d (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (generate_series(1, a)) STORED);
+
+-- GENERATED BY DEFAULT not allowed
+CREATE TABLE gtest_err_8 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS (a * 2) STORED);
+
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2, DEFAULT);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, 33);  -- error
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, 33), (4, 44);  -- error
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, DEFAULT), (4, 44);  -- error
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, 33), (4, DEFAULT);  -- error
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, DEFAULT), (4, DEFAULT);  -- ok
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE a >= 3;
+
+UPDATE gtest1 SET b = DEFAULT WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE gtest1 SET b = 11 WHERE a = 1;  -- error
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+
+SELECT a, b, b * 2 AS b2 FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+SELECT a, b FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 4 ORDER BY a;
+
+-- test that overflow error happens on write
+INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2000000000);
+SELECT * FROM gtest1;
+DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE a = 2000000000;
+
+-- test with joins
+CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, y int);
+INSERT INTO gtestx VALUES (11, 1), (22, 2), (33, 3);
+SELECT * FROM gtestx, gtest1 WHERE gtestx.y = gtest1.a;
+DROP TABLE gtestx;
+
+-- test UPDATE/DELETE quals
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+UPDATE gtest1 SET a = 3 WHERE b = 4;
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 2;
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+
+-- test MERGE
+CREATE TABLE gtestm (
+  id int PRIMARY KEY,
+  f1 int,
+  f2 int,
+  f3 int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f1 * 2) STORED,
+  f4 int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED
+);
+INSERT INTO gtestm VALUES (1, 5, 100);
+MERGE INTO gtestm t USING (VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20)) v(id, f1) ON t.id = v.id
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET f1 = v.f1
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (v.id, v.f1, 200);
+SELECT * FROM gtestm ORDER BY id;
+DROP TABLE gtestm;
+
+-- views
+CREATE VIEW gtest1v AS SELECT * FROM gtest1;
+SELECT * FROM gtest1v;
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (4, 8);  -- error
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (5, DEFAULT);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (6, 66), (7, 77);  -- error
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (6, DEFAULT), (7, 77);  -- error
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (6, 66), (7, DEFAULT);  -- error
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (6, DEFAULT), (7, DEFAULT);  -- ok
+
+ALTER VIEW gtest1v ALTER COLUMN b SET DEFAULT 100;
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (8, DEFAULT);  -- error
+INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (8, DEFAULT), (9, DEFAULT);  -- error
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest1v;
+DELETE FROM gtest1v WHERE a >= 5;
+DROP VIEW gtest1v;
+
+-- CTEs
+WITH foo AS (SELECT * FROM gtest1) SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+-- inheritance
+CREATE TABLE gtest1_1 () INHERITS (gtest1);
+SELECT * FROM gtest1_1;
+\d gtest1_1
+INSERT INTO gtest1_1 VALUES (4);
+SELECT * FROM gtest1_1;
+SELECT * FROM gtest1;
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest_normal (a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_normal_child (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED) INHERITS (gtest_normal);
+\d gtest_normal_child
+INSERT INTO gtest_normal (a) VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO gtest_normal_child (a) VALUES (2);
+SELECT * FROM gtest_normal;
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest_normal_child2 (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtest_normal_child2 INHERIT gtest_normal;
+INSERT INTO gtest_normal_child2 (a) VALUES (3);
+SELECT * FROM gtest_normal;
+
+-- test inheritance mismatches between parent and child
+CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 22) STORED) INHERITS (gtest1);  -- error
+CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, b int DEFAULT 10) INHERITS (gtest1);  -- error
+CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY) INHERITS (gtest1);  -- error
+
+CREATE TABLE gtestxx_1 (a int NOT NULL, b int);
+ALTER TABLE gtestxx_1 INHERIT gtest1;  -- error
+CREATE TABLE gtestxx_2 (a int NOT NULL, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 22) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtestxx_2 INHERIT gtest1;  -- error
+CREATE TABLE gtestxx_3 (a int NOT NULL, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtestxx_3 INHERIT gtest1;  -- ok
+CREATE TABLE gtestxx_4 (b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED, a int NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE gtestxx_4 INHERIT gtest1;  -- ok
+
+-- test multiple inheritance mismatches
+CREATE TABLE gtesty (x int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE gtest1_2 () INHERITS (gtest1, gtesty);  -- error
+DROP TABLE gtesty;
+
+CREATE TABLE gtesty (x int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (x * 22) STORED);
+CREATE TABLE gtest1_2 () INHERITS (gtest1, gtesty);  -- error
+DROP TABLE gtesty;
+
+CREATE TABLE gtesty (x int, b int DEFAULT 55);
+CREATE TABLE gtest1_2 () INHERITS (gtest0, gtesty);  -- error
+DROP TABLE gtesty;
+
+-- test correct handling of GENERATED column that's only in child
+CREATE TABLE gtestp (f1 int);
+CREATE TABLE gtestc (f2 int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f1+1) STORED) INHERITS(gtestp);
+INSERT INTO gtestc values(42);
+TABLE gtestc;
+UPDATE gtestp SET f1 = f1 * 10;
+TABLE gtestc;
+DROP TABLE gtestp CASCADE;
+
+-- test stored update
+CREATE TABLE gtest3 (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2), (3), (NULL);
+SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
+UPDATE gtest3 SET a = 22 WHERE a = 2;
+SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest3a (a text, b text GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a || '+' || a) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest3a (a) VALUES ('a'), ('b'), ('c'), (NULL);
+SELECT * FROM gtest3a ORDER BY a;
+UPDATE gtest3a SET a = 'bb' WHERE a = 'b';
+SELECT * FROM gtest3a ORDER BY a;
+
+-- COPY
+TRUNCATE gtest1;
+INSERT INTO gtest1 (a) VALUES (1), (2);
+
+COPY gtest1 TO stdout;
+
+COPY gtest1 (a, b) TO stdout;
+
+COPY gtest1 FROM stdin;
+3
+4
+\.
+
+COPY gtest1 (a, b) FROM stdin;
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a;
+
+TRUNCATE gtest3;
+INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2);
+
+COPY gtest3 TO stdout;
+
+COPY gtest3 (a, b) TO stdout;
+
+COPY gtest3 FROM stdin;
+3
+4
+\.
+
+COPY gtest3 (a, b) FROM stdin;
+
+SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a;
+
+-- null values
+CREATE TABLE gtest2 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (NULL) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest2 VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM gtest2;
+
+-- simple column reference for varlena types
+CREATE TABLE gtest_varlena (a varchar, b varchar GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest_varlena (a) VALUES('01234567890123456789');
+INSERT INTO gtest_varlena (a) VALUES(NULL);
+SELECT * FROM gtest_varlena ORDER BY a;
+DROP TABLE gtest_varlena;
+
+-- composite types
+CREATE TYPE double_int as (a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE gtest4 (
+    a int,
+    b double_int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((a * 2, a * 3)) STORED
+);
+INSERT INTO gtest4 VALUES (1), (6);
+SELECT * FROM gtest4;
+
+DROP TABLE gtest4;
+DROP TYPE double_int;
+
+-- using tableoid is allowed
+CREATE TABLE gtest_tableoid (
+  a int PRIMARY KEY,
+  b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (tableoid = 'gtest_tableoid'::regclass) STORED
+);
+INSERT INTO gtest_tableoid VALUES (1), (2);
+ALTER TABLE gtest_tableoid ADD COLUMN
+  c regclass GENERATED ALWAYS AS (tableoid) STORED;
+SELECT * FROM gtest_tableoid;
+
+-- drop column behavior
+CREATE TABLE gtest10 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtest10 DROP COLUMN b;  -- fails
+ALTER TABLE gtest10 DROP COLUMN b CASCADE;  -- drops c too
+
+\d gtest10
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest10a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtest10a DROP COLUMN b;
+INSERT INTO gtest10a (a) VALUES (1);
+
+-- privileges
+CREATE USER regress_user11;
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest11s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest11s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20);
+GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest11s TO regress_user11;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION gf1(a int) RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT a * 3 $$ IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE SQL;
+REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION gf1(int) FROM PUBLIC;
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest12s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (gf1(b)) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest12s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20);
+GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest12s TO regress_user11;
+
+SET ROLE regress_user11;
+SELECT a, b FROM gtest11s;  -- not allowed
+SELECT a, c FROM gtest11s;  -- allowed
+SELECT gf1(10);  -- not allowed
+SELECT a, c FROM gtest12s;  -- allowed
+RESET ROLE;
+
+DROP FUNCTION gf1(int);  -- fail
+DROP TABLE gtest11s, gtest12s;
+DROP FUNCTION gf1(int);
+DROP USER regress_user11;
+
+-- check constraints
+CREATE TABLE gtest20 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED CHECK (b < 50));
+INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (10);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (30);  -- violates constraint
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest20a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (10);
+INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (30);
+ALTER TABLE gtest20a ADD CHECK (b < 50);  -- fails on existing row
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest20b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (10);
+INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (30);
+ALTER TABLE gtest20b ADD CONSTRAINT chk CHECK (b < 50) NOT VALID;
+ALTER TABLE gtest20b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT chk;  -- fails on existing row
+
+-- not-null constraints
+CREATE TABLE gtest21a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED NOT NULL);
+INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (1);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (0);  -- violates constraint
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest21b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED);
+ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b SET NOT NULL;
+INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (1);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0);  -- violates constraint
+ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b DROP NOT NULL;
+INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0);  -- ok now
+
+-- index constraints
+CREATE TABLE gtest22a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED UNIQUE);
+INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (3);
+INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (4);
+CREATE TABLE gtest22b (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (a, b));
+INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2);
+
+-- indexes
+CREATE TABLE gtest22c (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+CREATE INDEX gtest22c_b_idx ON gtest22c (b);
+CREATE INDEX gtest22c_expr_idx ON gtest22c ((b * 3));
+CREATE INDEX gtest22c_pred_idx ON gtest22c (a) WHERE b > 0;
+\d gtest22c
+
+INSERT INTO gtest22c VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4;
+SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6;
+SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0;
+SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+
+-- foreign keys
+CREATE TABLE gtest23a (x int PRIMARY KEY, y int);
+INSERT INTO gtest23a VALUES (1, 11), (2, 22), (3, 33);
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON UPDATE CASCADE);  -- error
+CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON DELETE SET NULL);  -- error
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest23b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x));
+\d gtest23b
+
+INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (1);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (5);  -- error
+
+DROP TABLE gtest23b;
+DROP TABLE gtest23a;
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest23p (x int, y int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (x * 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (y));
+INSERT INTO gtest23p VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest23q (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int REFERENCES gtest23p (y));
+INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (1, 2);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (2, 5);  -- error
+
+-- domains
+CREATE DOMAIN gtestdomain1 AS int CHECK (VALUE < 10);
+CREATE TABLE gtest24 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b gtestdomain1 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED);
+INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (4);  -- ok
+INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (6);  -- error
+
+-- typed tables (currently not supported)
+CREATE TYPE gtest_type AS (f1 integer, f2 text, f3 bigint);
+CREATE TABLE gtest28 OF gtest_type (f1 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 *2) STORED);
+DROP TYPE gtest_type CASCADE;
+
+-- table partitions (currently not supported)
+CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 text, f3 bigint) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent (
+    f3 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED
+) FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01'); -- error
+DROP TABLE gtest_parent;
+
+-- partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01');
+CREATE TABLE gtest_child3 PARTITION OF gtest_parent FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-09-01') TO ('2016-10-01');
+INSERT INTO gtest_parent (f1, f2) VALUES ('2016-07-15', 1);
+SELECT * FROM gtest_parent;
+SELECT * FROM gtest_child;
+UPDATE gtest_parent SET f1 = f1 + 60, f2 = f2 + 1;
+SELECT * FROM gtest_parent;
+SELECT * FROM gtest_child3;
+DROP TABLE gtest_parent;
+
+-- generated columns in partition key (not allowed)
+CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f3);
+CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE ((f3 * 3));
+
+-- ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN
+CREATE TABLE gtest25 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO gtest25 VALUES (3), (4);
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED;
+SELECT * FROM gtest25 ORDER BY a;
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 4) STORED;  -- error
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (z * 4) STORED;  -- error
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN c int DEFAULT 42,
+  ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (c * 4) STORED;
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN d int DEFAULT 101;
+ALTER TABLE gtest25 ALTER COLUMN d SET DATA TYPE float8,
+  ADD COLUMN y float8 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (d * 4) STORED;
+SELECT * FROM gtest25 ORDER BY a;
+\d gtest25
+
+-- ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN
+CREATE TABLE gtest27 (
+    a int,
+    b int,
+    x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((a + b) * 2) STORED
+);
+INSERT INTO gtest27 (a, b) VALUES (3, 7), (4, 11);
+ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE text;  -- error
+ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN x TYPE numeric;
+\d gtest27
+SELECT * FROM gtest27;
+ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN x TYPE boolean USING x <> 0;  -- error
+ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN x DROP DEFAULT;  -- error
+-- It's possible to alter the column types this way:
+ALTER TABLE gtest27
+  DROP COLUMN x,
+  ALTER COLUMN a TYPE bigint,
+  ALTER COLUMN b TYPE bigint,
+  ADD COLUMN x bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((a + b) * 2) STORED;
+\d gtest27
+-- Ideally you could just do this, but not today (and should x change type?):
+ALTER TABLE gtest27
+  ALTER COLUMN a TYPE float8,
+  ALTER COLUMN b TYPE float8;  -- error
+\d gtest27
+SELECT * FROM gtest27;
+
+-- ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN ... DROP EXPRESSION
+CREATE TABLE gtest29 (
+    a int,
+    b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
+);
+INSERT INTO gtest29 (a) VALUES (3), (4);
+ALTER TABLE gtest29 ALTER COLUMN a DROP EXPRESSION;  -- error
+ALTER TABLE gtest29 ALTER COLUMN a DROP EXPRESSION IF EXISTS;  -- notice
+ALTER TABLE gtest29 ALTER COLUMN b DROP EXPRESSION;
+INSERT INTO gtest29 (a) VALUES (5);
+INSERT INTO gtest29 (a, b) VALUES (6, 66);
+SELECT * FROM gtest29;
+\d gtest29
+
+-- check that dependencies between columns have also been removed
+ALTER TABLE gtest29 DROP COLUMN a;  -- should not drop b
+\d gtest29
+
+-- with inheritance
+CREATE TABLE gtest30 (
+    a int,
+    b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
+);
+CREATE TABLE gtest30_1 () INHERITS (gtest30);
+ALTER TABLE gtest30 ALTER COLUMN b DROP EXPRESSION;
+\d gtest30
+\d gtest30_1
+DROP TABLE gtest30 CASCADE;
+CREATE TABLE gtest30 (
+    a int,
+    b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
+);
+CREATE TABLE gtest30_1 () INHERITS (gtest30);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY gtest30 ALTER COLUMN b DROP EXPRESSION;  -- error
+\d gtest30
+\d gtest30_1
+ALTER TABLE gtest30_1 ALTER COLUMN b DROP EXPRESSION;  -- error
+
+-- triggers
+CREATE TABLE gtest26 (
+    a int PRIMARY KEY,
+    b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED
+);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func() RETURNS trigger
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  IF tg_op IN ('DELETE', 'UPDATE') THEN
+    RAISE INFO '%: %: old = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, OLD;
+  END IF;
+  IF tg_op IN ('INSERT', 'UPDATE') THEN
+    RAISE INFO '%: %: new = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, NEW;
+  END IF;
+  IF tg_op = 'DELETE' THEN
+    RETURN OLD;
+  ELSE
+    RETURN NEW;
+  END IF;
+END
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest1 BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (OLD.b < 0)  -- ok
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest2a BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NEW.b < 0)  -- error
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest2b BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NEW.* IS NOT NULL)  -- error
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest2 BEFORE INSERT ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NEW.a < 0)
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest3 AFTER DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (OLD.b < 0)  -- ok
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest4 AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NEW.b < 0)  -- ok
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+
+INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (-2), (0), (3);
+SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
+UPDATE gtest26 SET a = a * -2;
+SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
+DELETE FROM gtest26 WHERE a = -6;
+SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
+
+DROP TRIGGER gtest1 ON gtest26;
+DROP TRIGGER gtest2 ON gtest26;
+DROP TRIGGER gtest3 ON gtest26;
+
+-- Check that an UPDATE of "a" fires the trigger for UPDATE OF b, per
+-- SQL standard.
+CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func3() RETURNS trigger
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'OK';
+  RETURN NEW;
+END
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest11 BEFORE UPDATE OF b ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func3();
+
+UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 1 WHERE a = 0;
+
+DROP TRIGGER gtest11 ON gtest26;
+TRUNCATE gtest26;
+
+-- check that modifications of stored generated columns in triggers do
+-- not get propagated
+CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func4() RETURNS trigger
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  NEW.a = 10;
+  NEW.b = 300;
+  RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_01 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_02 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func4();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_03 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func();
+
+INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (1);
+UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 11 WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a;
+
+-- LIKE INCLUDING GENERATED and dropped column handling
+CREATE TABLE gtest28a (
+  a int,
+  b int,
+  c int,
+  x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE gtest28a DROP COLUMN a;
+
+CREATE TABLE gtest28b (LIKE gtest28a INCLUDING GENERATED);
+
+\d gtest28*
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/geometry.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/geometry.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8928d04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/geometry.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+--
+-- GEOMETRY
+--
+
+-- Back off displayed precision a little bit to reduce platform-to-platform
+-- variation in results.
+SET extra_float_digits TO -3;
+
+--
+-- Points
+--
+
+SELECT center(f1) AS center
+   FROM BOX_TBL;
+
+SELECT (@@ f1) AS center
+   FROM BOX_TBL;
+
+SELECT point(f1) AS center
+   FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+
+SELECT (@@ f1) AS center
+   FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+
+SELECT (@@ f1) AS center
+   FROM POLYGON_TBL
+   WHERE (# f1) > 2;
+
+-- "is horizontal" function
+SELECT p1.f1
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1
+   WHERE ishorizontal(p1.f1, point '(0,0)');
+
+-- "is horizontal" operator
+SELECT p1.f1
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1
+   WHERE p1.f1 ?- point '(0,0)';
+
+-- "is vertical" function
+SELECT p1.f1
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1
+   WHERE isvertical(p1.f1, point '(5.1,34.5)');
+
+-- "is vertical" operator
+SELECT p1.f1
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1
+   WHERE p1.f1 ?| point '(5.1,34.5)';
+
+-- Slope
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, slope(p1.f1, p2.f1) FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2;
+
+-- Add point
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 + p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2;
+
+-- Subtract point
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 - p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2;
+
+-- Multiply with point
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 * p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+
+-- Underflow error
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 * p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1[0] < 1;
+
+-- Divide by point
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 / p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p2.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+
+-- Overflow error
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 / p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p2.f1[0] > 1000;
+
+-- Division by 0 error
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 / p2.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p2.f1 ~= '(0,0)'::point;
+
+-- Distance to line
+SELECT p.f1, l.s, p.f1 <-> l.s AS dist_pl, l.s <-> p.f1 AS dist_lp FROM POINT_TBL p, LINE_TBL l;
+
+-- Distance to line segment
+SELECT p.f1, l.s, p.f1 <-> l.s AS dist_ps, l.s <-> p.f1 AS dist_sp FROM POINT_TBL p, LSEG_TBL l;
+
+-- Distance to box
+SELECT p.f1, b.f1, p.f1 <-> b.f1 AS dist_pb, b.f1 <-> p.f1 AS dist_bp FROM POINT_TBL p, BOX_TBL b;
+
+-- Distance to path
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 <-> p1.f1 AS dist_ppath, p1.f1 <-> p.f1 AS dist_pathp FROM POINT_TBL p, PATH_TBL p1;
+
+-- Distance to polygon
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 <-> p1.f1 AS dist_ppoly, p1.f1 <-> p.f1 AS dist_polyp FROM POINT_TBL p, POLYGON_TBL p1;
+
+-- Construct line through two points
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, line(p1.f1, p2.f1)
+  FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 <> p2.f1;
+
+-- Closest point to line
+SELECT p.f1, l.s, p.f1 ## l.s FROM POINT_TBL p, LINE_TBL l;
+
+-- Closest point to line segment
+SELECT p.f1, l.s, p.f1 ## l.s FROM POINT_TBL p, LSEG_TBL l;
+
+-- Closest point to box
+SELECT p.f1, b.f1, p.f1 ## b.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p, BOX_TBL b;
+
+-- On line
+SELECT p.f1, l.s FROM POINT_TBL p, LINE_TBL l WHERE p.f1 <@ l.s;
+
+-- On line segment
+SELECT p.f1, l.s FROM POINT_TBL p, LSEG_TBL l WHERE p.f1 <@ l.s;
+
+-- On path
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1 FROM POINT_TBL p, PATH_TBL p1 WHERE p.f1 <@ p1.f1;
+
+--
+-- Lines
+--
+
+-- Vertical
+SELECT s FROM LINE_TBL WHERE ?| s;
+
+-- Horizontal
+SELECT s FROM LINE_TBL WHERE ?- s;
+
+-- Same as line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s = l2.s;
+
+-- Parallel to line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s ?|| l2.s;
+
+-- Perpendicular to line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s ?-| l2.s;
+
+-- Distance to line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s, l1.s <-> l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2;
+
+-- Intersect with line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s ?# l2.s;
+
+-- Intersect with box
+SELECT l.s, b.f1 FROM LINE_TBL l, BOX_TBL b WHERE l.s ?# b.f1;
+
+-- Intersection point with line
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s, l1.s # l2.s FROM LINE_TBL l1, LINE_TBL l2;
+
+-- Closest point to line segment
+SELECT l.s, l1.s, l.s ## l1.s FROM LINE_TBL l, LSEG_TBL l1;
+
+--
+-- Line segments
+--
+
+-- intersection
+SELECT p.f1, l.s, l.s # p.f1 AS intersection
+   FROM LSEG_TBL l, POINT_TBL p;
+
+-- Length
+SELECT s, @-@ s FROM LSEG_TBL;
+
+-- Vertical
+SELECT s FROM LSEG_TBL WHERE ?| s;
+
+-- Horizontal
+SELECT s FROM LSEG_TBL WHERE ?- s;
+
+-- Center
+SELECT s, @@ s FROM LSEG_TBL;
+
+-- To point
+SELECT s, s::point FROM LSEG_TBL;
+
+-- Has points less than line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s < l2.s;
+
+-- Has points less than or equal to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s <= l2.s;
+
+-- Has points equal to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s = l2.s;
+
+-- Has points greater than or equal to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s >= l2.s;
+
+-- Has points greater than line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s > l2.s;
+
+-- Has points not equal to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s != l2.s;
+
+-- Parallel with line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s ?|| l2.s;
+
+-- Perpendicular with line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2 WHERE l1.s ?-| l2.s;
+
+-- Distance to line
+SELECT l.s, l1.s, l.s <-> l1.s AS dist_sl, l1.s <-> l.s AS dist_ls FROM LSEG_TBL l, LINE_TBL l1;
+
+-- Distance to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s, l1.s <-> l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2;
+
+-- Distance to box
+SELECT l.s, b.f1, l.s <-> b.f1 AS dist_sb, b.f1 <-> l.s AS dist_bs FROM LSEG_TBL l, BOX_TBL b;
+
+-- Intersect with line segment
+SELECT l.s, l1.s FROM LSEG_TBL l, LINE_TBL l1 WHERE l.s ?# l1.s;
+
+-- Intersect with box
+SELECT l.s, b.f1 FROM LSEG_TBL l, BOX_TBL b WHERE l.s ?# b.f1;
+
+-- Intersection point with line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s, l1.s # l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2;
+
+-- Closest point to line segment
+SELECT l1.s, l2.s, l1.s ## l2.s FROM LSEG_TBL l1, LSEG_TBL l2;
+
+-- Closest point to box
+SELECT l.s, b.f1, l.s ## b.f1 FROM LSEG_TBL l, BOX_TBL b;
+
+-- On line
+SELECT l.s, l1.s FROM LSEG_TBL l, LINE_TBL l1 WHERE l.s <@ l1.s;
+
+-- On box
+SELECT l.s, b.f1 FROM LSEG_TBL l, BOX_TBL b WHERE l.s <@ b.f1;
+
+--
+-- Boxes
+--
+
+SELECT box(f1) AS box FROM CIRCLE_TBL;
+
+-- translation
+SELECT b.f1 + p.f1 AS translation
+   FROM BOX_TBL b, POINT_TBL p;
+
+SELECT b.f1 - p.f1 AS translation
+   FROM BOX_TBL b, POINT_TBL p;
+
+-- Multiply with point
+SELECT b.f1, p.f1, b.f1 * p.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+
+-- Overflow error
+SELECT b.f1, p.f1, b.f1 * p.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1[0] > 1000;
+
+-- Divide by point
+SELECT b.f1, p.f1, b.f1 / p.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+
+-- To box
+SELECT f1::box
+	FROM POINT_TBL;
+
+SELECT bound_box(a.f1, b.f1)
+	FROM BOX_TBL a, BOX_TBL b;
+
+-- Below box
+SELECT b1.f1, b2.f1, b1.f1 <^ b2.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b1, BOX_TBL b2;
+
+-- Above box
+SELECT b1.f1, b2.f1, b1.f1 >^ b2.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b1, BOX_TBL b2;
+
+-- Intersection point with box
+SELECT b1.f1, b2.f1, b1.f1 # b2.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b1, BOX_TBL b2;
+
+-- Diagonal
+SELECT f1, diagonal(f1) FROM BOX_TBL;
+
+-- Distance to box
+SELECT b1.f1, b2.f1, b1.f1 <-> b2.f1 FROM BOX_TBL b1, BOX_TBL b2;
+
+--
+-- Paths
+--
+
+-- Points
+SELECT f1, npoints(f1) FROM PATH_TBL;
+
+-- Area
+SELECT f1, area(f1) FROM PATH_TBL;
+
+-- Length
+SELECT f1, @-@ f1 FROM PATH_TBL;
+
+-- To polygon
+SELECT f1, f1::polygon FROM PATH_TBL WHERE isclosed(f1);
+
+-- Open path cannot be converted to polygon error
+SELECT f1, f1::polygon FROM PATH_TBL WHERE isopen(f1);
+
+-- Has points less than path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 < p2.f1;
+
+-- Has points less than or equal to path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 <= p2.f1;
+
+-- Has points equal to path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 = p2.f1;
+
+-- Has points greater than or equal to path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 >= p2.f1;
+
+-- Has points greater than path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 > p2.f1;
+
+-- Add path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 + p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2;
+
+-- Add point
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 + p1.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p, POINT_TBL p1;
+
+-- Subtract point
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 - p1.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p, POINT_TBL p1;
+
+-- Multiply with point
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 * p1.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p, POINT_TBL p1;
+
+-- Divide by point
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 / p1.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p, POINT_TBL p1 WHERE p1.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+
+-- Division by 0 error
+SELECT p.f1, p1.f1, p.f1 / p1.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p, POINT_TBL p1 WHERE p1.f1 ~= '(0,0)'::point;
+
+-- Distance to path
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 <-> p2.f1 FROM PATH_TBL p1, PATH_TBL p2;
+
+--
+-- Polygons
+--
+
+-- containment
+SELECT p.f1, poly.f1, poly.f1 @> p.f1 AS contains
+   FROM POLYGON_TBL poly, POINT_TBL p;
+
+SELECT p.f1, poly.f1, p.f1 <@ poly.f1 AS contained
+   FROM POLYGON_TBL poly, POINT_TBL p;
+
+SELECT npoints(f1) AS npoints, f1 AS polygon
+   FROM POLYGON_TBL;
+
+SELECT polygon(f1)
+   FROM BOX_TBL;
+
+SELECT polygon(f1)
+   FROM PATH_TBL WHERE isclosed(f1);
+
+SELECT f1 AS open_path, polygon( pclose(f1)) AS polygon
+   FROM PATH_TBL
+   WHERE isopen(f1);
+
+-- To box
+SELECT f1, f1::box FROM POLYGON_TBL;
+
+-- To path
+SELECT f1, f1::path FROM POLYGON_TBL;
+
+-- Same as polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 ~= p2.f1;
+
+-- Contained by polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 <@ p2.f1;
+
+-- Contains polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 @> p2.f1;
+
+-- Overlap with polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 && p2.f1;
+
+-- Left of polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 << p2.f1;
+
+-- Overlap of left of polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 &< p2.f1;
+
+-- Right of polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 >> p2.f1;
+
+-- Overlap of right of polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 &> p2.f1;
+
+-- Below polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 <<| p2.f1;
+
+-- Overlap or below polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 &<| p2.f1;
+
+-- Above polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 |>> p2.f1;
+
+-- Overlap or above polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2 WHERE p1.f1 |&> p2.f1;
+
+-- Distance to polygon
+SELECT p1.f1, p2.f1, p1.f1 <-> p2.f1 FROM POLYGON_TBL p1, POLYGON_TBL p2;
+
+--
+-- Circles
+--
+
+SELECT circle(f1, 50.0)
+   FROM POINT_TBL;
+
+SELECT circle(f1)
+   FROM BOX_TBL;
+
+SELECT circle(f1)
+   FROM POLYGON_TBL
+   WHERE (# f1) >= 3;
+
+SELECT c1.f1 AS circle, p1.f1 AS point, (p1.f1 <-> c1.f1) AS distance
+   FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, POINT_TBL p1
+   WHERE (p1.f1 <-> c1.f1) > 0
+   ORDER BY distance, area(c1.f1), p1.f1[0];
+
+-- To polygon
+SELECT f1, f1::polygon FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 >= '<(0,0),1>';
+
+-- To polygon with less points
+SELECT f1, polygon(8, f1) FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 >= '<(0,0),1>';
+
+-- Error for insufficient number of points
+SELECT f1, polygon(1, f1) FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 >= '<(0,0),1>';
+
+-- Zero radius error
+SELECT f1, polygon(10, f1) FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 < '<(0,0),1>';
+
+-- Same as circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 ~= c2.f1;
+
+-- Overlap with circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 && c2.f1;
+
+-- Overlap or left of circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 &< c2.f1;
+
+-- Left of circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 << c2.f1;
+
+-- Right of circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 >> c2.f1;
+
+-- Overlap or right of circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 &> c2.f1;
+
+-- Contained by circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 <@ c2.f1;
+
+-- Contain by circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 @> c2.f1;
+
+-- Below circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 <<| c2.f1;
+
+-- Above circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 |>> c2.f1;
+
+-- Overlap or below circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 &<| c2.f1;
+
+-- Overlap or above circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 |&> c2.f1;
+
+-- Area equal with circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 = c2.f1;
+
+-- Area not equal with circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 != c2.f1;
+
+-- Area less than circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 < c2.f1;
+
+-- Area greater than circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 > c2.f1;
+
+-- Area less than or equal circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 <= c2.f1;
+
+-- Area greater than or equal circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 >= c2.f1;
+
+-- Area less than circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 < c2.f1;
+
+-- Area greater than circle
+SELECT c1.f1, c2.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c1, CIRCLE_TBL c2 WHERE c1.f1 < c2.f1;
+
+-- Add point
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 + p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p;
+
+-- Subtract point
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 - p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p;
+
+-- Multiply with point
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 * p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p;
+
+-- Divide by point
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 / p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1[0] BETWEEN 1 AND 1000;
+
+-- Overflow error
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 / p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1[0] > 1000;
+
+-- Division by 0 error
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 / p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(0,0)'::point;
+
+-- Distance to polygon
+SELECT c.f1, p.f1, c.f1 <-> p.f1 FROM CIRCLE_TBL c, POLYGON_TBL p;
+
+-- Check index behavior for circles
+
+CREATE INDEX gcircleind ON circle_tbl USING gist (f1);
+
+SELECT * FROM circle_tbl WHERE f1 && circle(point(1,-2), 1)
+    ORDER BY area(f1);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM circle_tbl WHERE f1 && circle(point(1,-2), 1)
+    ORDER BY area(f1);
+SELECT * FROM circle_tbl WHERE f1 && circle(point(1,-2), 1)
+    ORDER BY area(f1);
+
+-- Check index behavior for polygons
+
+CREATE INDEX gpolygonind ON polygon_tbl USING gist (f1);
+
+SELECT * FROM polygon_tbl WHERE f1 @> '((1,1),(2,2),(2,1))'::polygon
+    ORDER BY (poly_center(f1))[0];
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM polygon_tbl WHERE f1 @> '((1,1),(2,2),(2,1))'::polygon
+    ORDER BY (poly_center(f1))[0];
+SELECT * FROM polygon_tbl WHERE f1 @> '((1,1),(2,2),(2,1))'::polygon
+    ORDER BY (poly_center(f1))[0];
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/gin.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/gin.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c6905b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/gin.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+--
+-- Test GIN indexes.
+--
+-- There are other tests to test different GIN opclasses. This is for testing
+-- GIN itself.
+
+-- Create and populate a test table with a GIN index.
+create table gin_test_tbl(i int4[]) with (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+create index gin_test_idx on gin_test_tbl using gin (i)
+  with (fastupdate = on, gin_pending_list_limit = 4096);
+insert into gin_test_tbl select array[1, 2, g] from generate_series(1, 20000) g;
+insert into gin_test_tbl select array[1, 3, g] from generate_series(1, 1000) g;
+
+select gin_clean_pending_list('gin_test_idx')>10 as many; -- flush the fastupdate buffers
+
+insert into gin_test_tbl select array[3, 1, g] from generate_series(1, 1000) g;
+
+vacuum gin_test_tbl; -- flush the fastupdate buffers
+
+select gin_clean_pending_list('gin_test_idx'); -- nothing to flush
+
+-- Test vacuuming
+delete from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[2];
+vacuum gin_test_tbl;
+
+-- Disable fastupdate, and do more insertions. With fastupdate enabled, most
+-- insertions (by flushing the list pages) cause page splits. Without
+-- fastupdate, we get more churn in the GIN data leaf pages, and exercise the
+-- recompression codepaths.
+alter index gin_test_idx set (fastupdate = off);
+
+insert into gin_test_tbl select array[1, 2, g] from generate_series(1, 1000) g;
+insert into gin_test_tbl select array[1, 3, g] from generate_series(1, 1000) g;
+
+delete from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[2];
+vacuum gin_test_tbl;
+
+-- Test for "rare && frequent" searches
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[1, 999];
+
+select count(*) from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[1, 999];
+
+-- Very weak test for gin_fuzzy_search_limit
+set gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 1000;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[1];
+
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from gin_test_tbl where i @> array[1];
+
+reset gin_fuzzy_search_limit;
+
+-- Test optimization of empty queries
+create temp table t_gin_test_tbl(i int4[], j int4[]);
+create index on t_gin_test_tbl using gin (i, j);
+insert into t_gin_test_tbl
+values
+  (null,    null),
+  ('{}',    null),
+  ('{1}',   null),
+  ('{1,2}', null),
+  (null,    '{}'),
+  (null,    '{10}'),
+  ('{1,2}', '{10}'),
+  ('{2}',   '{10}'),
+  ('{1,3}', '{}'),
+  ('{1,1}', '{10}');
+
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from t_gin_test_tbl where array[0] <@ i;
+select * from t_gin_test_tbl where array[0] <@ i;
+select * from t_gin_test_tbl where array[0] <@ i and '{}'::int4[] <@ j;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from t_gin_test_tbl where i @> '{}';
+select * from t_gin_test_tbl where i @> '{}';
+
+create function explain_query_json(query_sql text)
+returns table (explain_line json)
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  set enable_seqscan = off;
+  set enable_bitmapscan = on;
+  return query execute 'EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, FORMAT json) ' || query_sql;
+end;
+$$;
+
+create function execute_text_query_index(query_sql text)
+returns setof text
+language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+begin
+  set enable_seqscan = off;
+  set enable_bitmapscan = on;
+  return query execute query_sql;
+end;
+$$;
+
+create function execute_text_query_heap(query_sql text)
+returns setof text
+language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+begin
+  set enable_seqscan = on;
+  set enable_bitmapscan = off;
+  return query execute query_sql;
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- check number of rows returned by index and removed by recheck
+select
+  query,
+  js->0->'Plan'->'Plans'->0->'Actual Rows' as "return by index",
+  js->0->'Plan'->'Rows Removed by Index Recheck' as "removed by recheck",
+  (res_index = res_heap) as "match"
+from
+  (values
+    ($$ i @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ j @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ i @> '{}' and j @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ i @> '{1}' $$),
+    ($$ i @> '{1}' and j @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ i @> '{1}' and i @> '{}' and j @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ j @> '{10}' $$),
+    ($$ j @> '{10}' and i @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ j @> '{10}' and j @> '{}' and i @> '{}' $$),
+    ($$ i @> '{1}' and j @> '{10}' $$)
+  ) q(query),
+  lateral explain_query_json($$select * from t_gin_test_tbl where $$ || query) js,
+  lateral execute_text_query_index($$select string_agg((i, j)::text, ' ') from t_gin_test_tbl where $$ || query) res_index,
+  lateral execute_text_query_heap($$select string_agg((i, j)::text, ' ') from t_gin_test_tbl where $$ || query) res_heap;
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+
+-- re-purpose t_gin_test_tbl to test scans involving posting trees
+insert into t_gin_test_tbl select array[1, g, g/10], array[2, g, g/10]
+  from generate_series(1, 20000) g;
+
+select gin_clean_pending_list('t_gin_test_tbl_i_j_idx') is not null;
+
+analyze t_gin_test_tbl;
+
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+set enable_bitmapscan = on;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[50];
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[50];
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[2];
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[2];
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> '{}'::int[];
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> '{}'::int[];
+
+-- test vacuuming of posting trees
+delete from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[2];
+vacuum t_gin_test_tbl;
+
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[50];
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> array[2];
+select count(*) from t_gin_test_tbl where j @> '{}'::int[];
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+
+drop table t_gin_test_tbl;
+
+-- test an unlogged table, mostly to get coverage of ginbuildempty
+create unlogged table t_gin_test_tbl(i int4[], j int4[]);
+create index on t_gin_test_tbl using gin (i, j);
+insert into t_gin_test_tbl
+values
+  (null,    null),
+  ('{}',    null),
+  ('{1}',   '{2,3}');
+drop table t_gin_test_tbl;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/gist.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/gist.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dd7aa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/gist.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+--
+-- Test GiST indexes.
+--
+-- There are other tests to test different GiST opclasses. This is for
+-- testing GiST code itself. Vacuuming in particular.
+
+create table gist_point_tbl(id int4, p point);
+create index gist_pointidx on gist_point_tbl using gist(p);
+
+-- Verify the fillfactor and buffering options
+create index gist_pointidx2 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (buffering = on, fillfactor=50);
+create index gist_pointidx3 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (buffering = off);
+create index gist_pointidx4 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (buffering = auto);
+drop index gist_pointidx2, gist_pointidx3, gist_pointidx4;
+
+-- Make sure bad values are refused
+create index gist_pointidx5 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (buffering = invalid_value);
+create index gist_pointidx5 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (fillfactor=9);
+create index gist_pointidx5 on gist_point_tbl using gist(p) with (fillfactor=101);
+
+-- Insert enough data to create a tree that's a couple of levels deep.
+insert into gist_point_tbl (id, p)
+select g,        point(g*10, g*10) from generate_series(1, 10000) g;
+
+insert into gist_point_tbl (id, p)
+select g+100000, point(g*10+1, g*10+1) from generate_series(1, 10000) g;
+
+-- To test vacuum, delete some entries from all over the index.
+delete from gist_point_tbl where id % 2 = 1;
+
+-- And also delete some concentration of values.
+delete from gist_point_tbl where id > 5000;
+
+vacuum analyze gist_point_tbl;
+
+-- rebuild the index with a different fillfactor
+alter index gist_pointidx SET (fillfactor = 40);
+reindex index gist_pointidx;
+
+--
+-- Test Index-only plans on GiST indexes
+--
+
+create table gist_tbl (b box, p point, c circle);
+
+insert into gist_tbl
+select box(point(0.05*i, 0.05*i), point(0.05*i, 0.05*i)),
+       point(0.05*i, 0.05*i),
+       circle(point(0.05*i, 0.05*i), 1.0)
+from generate_series(0,10000) as i;
+
+vacuum analyze gist_tbl;
+
+set enable_seqscan=off;
+set enable_bitmapscan=off;
+set enable_indexonlyscan=on;
+
+-- Test index-only scan with point opclass
+create index gist_tbl_point_index on gist_tbl using gist (p);
+
+-- check that the planner chooses an index-only scan
+explain (costs off)
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5));
+
+-- execute the same
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5));
+
+-- Also test an index-only knn-search
+explain (costs off)
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5))
+order by p <-> point(0.201, 0.201);
+
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5))
+order by p <-> point(0.201, 0.201);
+
+-- Check commuted case as well
+explain (costs off)
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5))
+order by point(0.101, 0.101) <-> p;
+
+select p from gist_tbl where p <@ box(point(0,0), point(0.5, 0.5))
+order by point(0.101, 0.101) <-> p;
+
+-- Check case with multiple rescans (bug #14641)
+explain (costs off)
+select p from
+  (values (box(point(0,0), point(0.5,0.5))),
+          (box(point(0.5,0.5), point(0.75,0.75))),
+          (box(point(0.8,0.8), point(1.0,1.0)))) as v(bb)
+cross join lateral
+  (select p from gist_tbl where p <@ bb order by p <-> bb[0] limit 2) ss;
+
+select p from
+  (values (box(point(0,0), point(0.5,0.5))),
+          (box(point(0.5,0.5), point(0.75,0.75))),
+          (box(point(0.8,0.8), point(1.0,1.0)))) as v(bb)
+cross join lateral
+  (select p from gist_tbl where p <@ bb order by p <-> bb[0] limit 2) ss;
+
+drop index gist_tbl_point_index;
+
+-- Test index-only scan with box opclass
+create index gist_tbl_box_index on gist_tbl using gist (b);
+
+-- check that the planner chooses an index-only scan
+explain (costs off)
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6));
+
+-- execute the same
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6));
+
+-- Also test an index-only knn-search
+explain (costs off)
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6))
+order by b <-> point(5.2, 5.91);
+
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6))
+order by b <-> point(5.2, 5.91);
+
+-- Check commuted case as well
+explain (costs off)
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6))
+order by point(5.2, 5.91) <-> b;
+
+select b from gist_tbl where b <@ box(point(5,5), point(6,6))
+order by point(5.2, 5.91) <-> b;
+
+drop index gist_tbl_box_index;
+
+-- Test that an index-only scan is not chosen, when the query involves the
+-- circle column (the circle opclass does not support index-only scans).
+create index gist_tbl_multi_index on gist_tbl using gist (p, c);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select p, c from gist_tbl
+where p <@ box(point(5,5), point(6, 6));
+
+-- execute the same
+select b, p from gist_tbl
+where b <@ box(point(4.5, 4.5), point(5.5, 5.5))
+and p <@ box(point(5,5), point(6, 6));
+
+drop index gist_tbl_multi_index;
+
+-- Test that we don't try to return the value of a non-returnable
+-- column in an index-only scan.  (This isn't GIST-specific, but
+-- it only applies to index AMs that can return some columns and not
+-- others, so GIST with appropriate opclasses is a convenient test case.)
+create index gist_tbl_multi_index on gist_tbl using gist (circle(p,1), p);
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select circle(p,1) from gist_tbl
+where p <@ box(point(5, 5), point(5.3, 5.3));
+select circle(p,1) from gist_tbl
+where p <@ box(point(5, 5), point(5.3, 5.3));
+
+-- Similarly, test that index rechecks involving a non-returnable column
+-- are done correctly.
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select p from gist_tbl where circle(p,1) @> circle(point(0,0),0.95);
+select p from gist_tbl where circle(p,1) @> circle(point(0,0),0.95);
+
+-- Also check that use_physical_tlist doesn't trigger in such cases.
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select count(*) from gist_tbl;
+select count(*) from gist_tbl;
+
+-- This case isn't supported, but it should at least EXPLAIN correctly.
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select p from gist_tbl order by circle(p,1) <-> point(0,0) limit 1;
+select p from gist_tbl order by circle(p,1) <-> point(0,0) limit 1;
+
+-- Clean up
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+reset enable_indexonlyscan;
+
+drop table gist_tbl;
+
+-- test an unlogged table, mostly to get coverage of gistbuildempty
+create unlogged table gist_tbl (b box);
+create index gist_tbl_box_index on gist_tbl using gist (b);
+insert into gist_tbl
+  select box(point(0.05*i, 0.05*i)) from generate_series(0,10) as i;
+drop table gist_tbl;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/groupingsets.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/groupingsets.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90ba272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/groupingsets.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+--
+-- grouping sets
+--
+
+-- test data sources
+
+create temp view gstest1(a,b,v)
+  as values (1,1,10),(1,1,11),(1,2,12),(1,2,13),(1,3,14),
+            (2,3,15),
+            (3,3,16),(3,4,17),
+            (4,1,18),(4,1,19);
+
+create temp table gstest2 (a integer, b integer, c integer, d integer,
+                           e integer, f integer, g integer, h integer);
+copy gstest2 from stdin;
+1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
+1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2
+1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2
+1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2
+1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2
+1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2
+1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2
+1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
+2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
+\.
+
+create temp table gstest3 (a integer, b integer, c integer, d integer);
+copy gstest3 from stdin;
+1	1	1	1
+2	2	2	2
+\.
+alter table gstest3 add primary key (a);
+
+create temp table gstest4(id integer, v integer,
+                          unhashable_col bit(4), unsortable_col xid);
+insert into gstest4
+values (1,1,b'0000','1'), (2,2,b'0001','1'),
+       (3,4,b'0010','2'), (4,8,b'0011','2'),
+       (5,16,b'0000','2'), (6,32,b'0001','2'),
+       (7,64,b'0010','1'), (8,128,b'0011','1');
+
+create temp table gstest_empty (a integer, b integer, v integer);
+
+create function gstest_data(v integer, out a integer, out b integer)
+  returns setof record
+  as $f$
+    begin
+      return query select v, i from generate_series(1,3) i;
+    end;
+  $f$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- basic functionality
+
+set enable_hashagg = false;  -- test hashing explicitly later
+
+-- simple rollup with multiple plain aggregates, with and without ordering
+-- (and with ordering differing from grouping)
+
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b);
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by a,b;
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by b desc, a;
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by coalesce(a,0)+coalesce(b,0);
+
+-- various types of ordered aggs
+select a, b, grouping(a,b),
+       array_agg(v order by v),
+       string_agg(v::text, ':' order by v desc),
+       percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by v),
+       rank(1,2,12) within group (order by a,b,v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by a,b;
+
+-- test usage of grouped columns in direct args of aggs
+select grouping(a), a, array_agg(b),
+       rank(a) within group (order by b nulls first),
+       rank(a) within group (order by b nulls last)
+  from (values (1,1),(1,4),(1,5),(3,1),(3,2)) v(a,b)
+ group by rollup (a) order by a;
+
+-- nesting with window functions
+select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+  from gstest2 group by rollup (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+
+-- nesting with grouping sets
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets((), grouping sets((), grouping sets(())))
+  order by 1 desc;
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets((), grouping sets((), grouping sets(((a, b)))))
+  order by 1 desc;
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(rollup(c), grouping sets(cube(c))))
+  order by 1 desc;
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a, cube(b)))
+  order by 1 desc;
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets((a, (b))))
+  order by 1 desc;
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets((a, b)))
+  order by 1 desc;
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a), a))
+  order by 1 desc;
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a), ((a)), a, grouping sets(a), (a)), a))
+  order by 1 desc;
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets((a,(a,b)), grouping sets((a,(a,b)),a))
+  order by 1 desc;
+
+-- empty input: first is 0 rows, second 1, third 3 etc.
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),());
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
+select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
+
+-- empty input with joins tests some important code paths
+select t1.a, t2.b, sum(t1.v), count(*) from gstest_empty t1, gstest_empty t2
+ group by grouping sets ((t1.a,t2.b),());
+
+-- simple joins, var resolution, GROUPING on join vars
+select t1.a, t2.b, grouping(t1.a, t2.b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.a)
+  from gstest1 t1, gstest2 t2
+ group by grouping sets ((t1.a, t2.b), ());
+
+select t1.a, t2.b, grouping(t1.a, t2.b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.a)
+  from gstest1 t1 join gstest2 t2 on (t1.a=t2.a)
+ group by grouping sets ((t1.a, t2.b), ());
+
+select a, b, grouping(a, b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.c)
+  from gstest1 t1 join gstest2 t2 using (a,b)
+ group by grouping sets ((a, b), ());
+
+-- check that functionally dependent cols are not nulled
+select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
+  from gstest3
+ group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
+
+-- check that distinct grouping columns are kept separate
+-- even if they are equal()
+explain (costs off)
+select g as alias1, g as alias2
+  from generate_series(1,3) g
+ group by alias1, rollup(alias2);
+
+select g as alias1, g as alias2
+  from generate_series(1,3) g
+ group by alias1, rollup(alias2);
+
+-- check that pulled-up subquery outputs still go to null when appropriate
+select four, x
+  from (select four, ten, 'foo'::text as x from tenk1) as t
+  group by grouping sets (four, x)
+  having x = 'foo';
+
+select four, x || 'x'
+  from (select four, ten, 'foo'::text as x from tenk1) as t
+  group by grouping sets (four, x)
+  order by four;
+
+select (x+y)*1, sum(z)
+ from (select 1 as x, 2 as y, 3 as z) s
+ group by grouping sets (x+y, x);
+
+select x, not x as not_x, q2 from
+  (select *, q1 = 1 as x from int8_tbl i1) as t
+  group by grouping sets(x, q2)
+  order by x, q2;
+
+-- check qual push-down rules for a subquery with grouping sets
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from (
+  select 1 as x, q1, sum(q2)
+  from int8_tbl i1
+  group by grouping sets(1, 2)
+) ss
+where x = 1 and q1 = 123;
+
+select * from (
+  select 1 as x, q1, sum(q2)
+  from int8_tbl i1
+  group by grouping sets(1, 2)
+) ss
+where x = 1 and q1 = 123;
+
+-- check handling of pulled-up SubPlan in GROUPING() argument (bug #17479)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select grouping(ss.x)
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+
+select grouping(ss.x)
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select (select grouping(ss.x))
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+
+select (select grouping(ss.x))
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+
+-- simple rescan tests
+
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by rollup (a,b);
+
+select *
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
+       lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by rollup (a,b)) s;
+
+-- min max optimization should still work with GROUP BY ()
+explain (costs off)
+  select min(unique1) from tenk1 GROUP BY ();
+
+-- Views with GROUPING SET queries
+CREATE VIEW gstest_view AS select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(c), count(*), max(c)
+  from gstest2 group by rollup ((a,b,c),(c,d));
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('gstest_view'::regclass, true);
+
+-- Nested queries with 3 or more levels of nesting
+select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
+select(select (select grouping(e,f) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
+select(select (select grouping(c) from (values (1)) v2(c) GROUP BY c) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
+
+-- Combinations of operations
+select a, b, c, d from gstest2 group by rollup(a,b),grouping sets(c,d);
+select a, b from (values (1,2),(2,3)) v(a,b) group by a,b, grouping sets(a);
+
+-- Tests for chained aggregates
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
+select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP((e+1),(f+1));
+select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY CUBE((e+1),(f+1)) ORDER BY (e+1),(f+1);
+select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+  from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+select a, b, sum(c) from (values (1,1,10),(1,1,11),(1,2,12),(1,2,13),(1,3,14),(2,3,15),(3,3,16),(3,4,17),(4,1,18),(4,1,19)) v(a,b,c) group by rollup (a,b);
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
+
+-- Test reordering of grouping sets
+explain (costs off)
+select * from gstest1 group by grouping sets((a,b,v),(v)) order by v,b,a;
+
+-- Agg level check. This query should error out.
+select (select grouping(a,b) from gstest2) from gstest2 group by a,b;
+
+--Nested queries
+select a, b, sum(c), count(*) from gstest2 group by grouping sets (rollup(a,b),a);
+
+-- HAVING queries
+select ten, sum(distinct four) from onek a
+group by grouping sets((ten,four),(ten))
+having exists (select 1 from onek b where sum(distinct a.four) = b.four);
+
+-- Tests around pushdown of HAVING clauses, partially testing against previous bugs
+select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) order by a;
+select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) having a is distinct from 1 order by a;
+explain (costs off)
+  select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) having a is distinct from 1 order by a;
+
+select v.c, (select count(*) from gstest2 group by () having v.c)
+  from (values (false),(true)) v(c) order by v.c;
+explain (costs off)
+  select v.c, (select count(*) from gstest2 group by () having v.c)
+    from (values (false),(true)) v(c) order by v.c;
+
+-- HAVING with GROUPING queries
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by grouping sets(ten) having grouping(ten) >= 0
+order by 2,1;
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by grouping sets(ten, four) having grouping(ten) > 0
+order by 2,1;
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by rollup(ten) having grouping(ten) > 0
+order by 2,1;
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by cube(ten) having grouping(ten) > 0
+order by 2,1;
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by (ten) having grouping(ten) >= 0
+order by 2,1;
+
+-- FILTER queries
+select ten, sum(distinct four) filter (where four::text ~ '123') from onek a
+group by rollup(ten);
+
+-- More rescan tests
+select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by cube(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
+select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by cube(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
+
+-- Grouping on text columns
+select sum(ten) from onek group by two, rollup(four::text) order by 1;
+select sum(ten) from onek group by rollup(four::text), two order by 1;
+
+-- hashing support
+
+set enable_hashagg = true;
+
+-- failure cases
+
+select count(*) from gstest4 group by rollup(unhashable_col,unsortable_col);
+select array_agg(v order by v) from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((id,unsortable_col),(id));
+
+-- simple cases
+
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a),(b)) order by 3,1,2;
+explain (costs off) select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a),(b)) order by 3,1,2;
+
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by cube(a,b) order by 3,1,2;
+explain (costs off) select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by cube(a,b) order by 3,1,2;
+
+-- shouldn't try and hash
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, grouping(a,b), array_agg(v order by v)
+    from gstest1 group by cube(a,b);
+
+-- unsortable cases
+select unsortable_col, count(*)
+  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unsortable_col),(unsortable_col))
+  order by unsortable_col::text;
+
+-- mixed hashable/sortable cases
+select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+       grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+       count(*), sum(v)
+  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unhashable_col),(unsortable_col))
+ order by 3, 5;
+explain (costs off)
+  select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+         grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+         count(*), sum(v)
+    from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unhashable_col),(unsortable_col))
+   order by 3,5;
+
+select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+       grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+       count(*), sum(v)
+  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((v,unhashable_col),(v,unsortable_col))
+ order by 3,5;
+explain (costs off)
+  select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+         grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+         count(*), sum(v)
+    from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((v,unhashable_col),(v,unsortable_col))
+   order by 3,5;
+
+-- empty input: first is 0 rows, second 1, third 3 etc.
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),());
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
+select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
+explain (costs off)
+  select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
+
+-- check that functionally dependent cols are not nulled
+select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
+  from gstest3
+ group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
+    from gstest3
+   group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
+
+-- simple rescan tests
+
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by grouping sets (a,b)
+ order by 1, 2, 3;
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v.x)
+    from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+   group by grouping sets (a,b)
+   order by 3, 1, 2;
+select *
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
+       lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by grouping sets (a,b)) s;
+explain (costs off)
+  select *
+    from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
+         lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by grouping sets (a,b)) s;
+
+-- Tests for chained aggregates
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+    from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
+select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+  from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+    from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v.x)
+    from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+   group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
+
+-- Verify that we correctly handle the child node returning a
+-- non-minimal slot, which happens if the input is pre-sorted,
+-- e.g. due to an index scan.
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_hashagg = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- More rescan tests
+select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by cube(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
+select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by cube(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
+
+-- Rescan logic changes when there are no empty grouping sets, so test
+-- that too:
+select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by grouping sets(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
+select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by grouping sets(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
+
+-- test the knapsack
+
+set enable_indexscan = false;
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set work_mem = '64kB';
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique1,
+         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
+         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
+         count(*)
+    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,twothousand,thousand,hundred,ten,four,two);
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique1,
+         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
+         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
+         count(*)
+    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,hundred,ten,four,two);
+
+set work_mem = '384kB';
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique1,
+         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
+         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
+         count(*)
+    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,twothousand,thousand,hundred,ten,four,two);
+
+-- check collation-sensitive matching between grouping expressions
+-- (similar to a check for aggregates, but there are additional code
+-- paths for GROUPING, so check again here)
+
+select v||'a', case grouping(v||'a') when 1 then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
+  from unnest(array[1,1], array['a','b']) u(i,v)
+ group by rollup(i, v||'a') order by 1,3;
+select v||'a', case when grouping(v||'a') = 1 then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
+  from unnest(array[1,1], array['a','b']) u(i,v)
+ group by rollup(i, v||'a') order by 1,3;
+
+-- Bug #16784
+create table bug_16784(i int, j int);
+analyze bug_16784;
+alter table bug_16784 set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+update pg_class set reltuples = 10 where relname='bug_16784';
+
+insert into bug_16784 select g/10, g from generate_series(1,40) g;
+
+set work_mem='64kB';
+set enable_sort = false;
+
+select * from
+  (values (1),(2)) v(a),
+  lateral (select a, i, j, count(*) from
+             bug_16784 group by cube(i,j)) s
+  order by v.a, i, j;
+
+--
+-- Compare results between plans using sorting and plans using hash
+-- aggregation. Force spilling in both cases by setting work_mem low
+-- and altering the statistics.
+--
+
+create table gs_data_1 as
+select g%1000 as g1000, g%100 as g100, g%10 as g10, g
+   from generate_series(0,1999) g;
+
+analyze gs_data_1;
+alter table gs_data_1 set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+update pg_class set reltuples = 10 where relname='gs_data_1';
+
+set work_mem='64kB';
+
+-- Produce results with sorting.
+
+set enable_sort = true;
+set enable_hashagg = false;
+set jit_above_cost = 0;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+
+create table gs_group_1 as
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+
+-- Produce results with hash aggregation.
+
+set enable_hashagg = true;
+set enable_sort = false;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+
+create table gs_hash_1 as
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+
+set enable_sort = true;
+set work_mem to default;
+set hash_mem_multiplier to default;
+
+-- Compare results
+
+(select * from gs_hash_1 except select * from gs_group_1)
+  union all
+(select * from gs_group_1 except select * from gs_hash_1);
+
+drop table gs_group_1;
+drop table gs_hash_1;
+
+-- GROUP BY DISTINCT
+
+-- "normal" behavior...
+select a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by all rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+
+-- ...which is also the default
+select a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+
+-- "group by distinct" behavior...
+select a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by distinct rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+
+-- ...which is not the same as "select distinct"
+select distinct a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+
+-- test handling of outer GroupingFunc within subqueries
+explain (costs off)
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by cube(v1);
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by cube(v1);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by v1;
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by v1;
+
+-- end
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/guc.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/guc.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23cd8a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/guc.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+-- pg_regress should ensure that this default value applies; however
+-- we can't rely on any specific default value of vacuum_cost_delay
+SHOW datestyle;
+
+-- SET to some nondefault value
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 40;
+SET datestyle = 'ISO, YMD';
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+
+-- SET LOCAL has no effect outside of a transaction
+SET LOCAL vacuum_cost_delay TO 50;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SET LOCAL datestyle = 'SQL';
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+
+-- SET LOCAL within a transaction that commits
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL vacuum_cost_delay TO 50;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SET LOCAL datestyle = 'SQL';
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+COMMIT;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+
+-- SET should be reverted after ROLLBACK
+BEGIN;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 60;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SET datestyle = 'German';
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+ROLLBACK;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+
+-- Some tests with subtransactions
+BEGIN;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 70;
+SET datestyle = 'MDY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+SAVEPOINT first_sp;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 80.1;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SET datestyle = 'German, DMY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+ROLLBACK TO first_sp;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+SAVEPOINT second_sp;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO '900us';
+SET datestyle = 'SQL, YMD';
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+SAVEPOINT third_sp;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 100;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SET datestyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+ROLLBACK TO third_sp;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+ROLLBACK TO second_sp;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+ROLLBACK;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+
+-- SET LOCAL with Savepoints
+BEGIN;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+SAVEPOINT sp;
+SET LOCAL vacuum_cost_delay TO 30;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SET LOCAL datestyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+ROLLBACK TO sp;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+ROLLBACK;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+
+-- SET LOCAL persists through RELEASE (which was not true in 8.0-8.2)
+BEGIN;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+SAVEPOINT sp;
+SET LOCAL vacuum_cost_delay TO 30;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SET LOCAL datestyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT sp;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+ROLLBACK;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+
+-- SET followed by SET LOCAL
+BEGIN;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO 40;
+SET LOCAL vacuum_cost_delay TO 50;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SET datestyle = 'ISO, DMY';
+SET LOCAL datestyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+COMMIT;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+
+--
+-- Test RESET.  We use datestyle because the reset value is forced by
+-- pg_regress, so it doesn't depend on the installation's configuration.
+--
+SET datestyle = iso, ymd;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+RESET datestyle;
+SHOW datestyle;
+SELECT '2006-08-13 12:34:56'::timestamptz;
+
+-- Test some simple error cases
+SET seq_page_cost TO 'NaN';
+SET vacuum_cost_delay TO '10s';
+SET no_such_variable TO 42;
+
+-- Test "custom" GUCs created on the fly (which aren't really an
+-- intended feature, but many people use them).
+SHOW custom.my_guc;  -- error, not known yet
+SET custom.my_guc = 42;
+SHOW custom.my_guc;
+RESET custom.my_guc;  -- this makes it go to empty, not become unknown again
+SHOW custom.my_guc;
+SET custom.my.qualified.guc = 'foo';
+SHOW custom.my.qualified.guc;
+SET custom."bad-guc" = 42;  -- disallowed because -c cannot set this name
+SHOW custom."bad-guc";
+SET special."weird name" = 'foo';  -- could be allowed, but we choose not to
+SHOW special."weird name";
+
+-- Check what happens when you try to set a "custom" GUC within the
+-- namespace of an extension.
+SET plpgsql.extra_foo_warnings = true;  -- allowed if plpgsql is not loaded yet
+LOAD 'plpgsql';  -- this will throw a warning and delete the variable
+SET plpgsql.extra_foo_warnings = true;  -- now, it's an error
+SHOW plpgsql.extra_foo_warnings;
+
+--
+-- Test DISCARD TEMP
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE reset_test ( data text ) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'reset_test';
+DISCARD TEMP;
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'reset_test';
+
+--
+-- Test DISCARD ALL
+--
+
+-- do changes
+DECLARE foo CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT 1;
+PREPARE foo AS SELECT 1;
+LISTEN foo_event;
+SET vacuum_cost_delay = 13;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp_foo (data text) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+CREATE ROLE regress_guc_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_guc_user;
+-- look changes
+SELECT pg_listening_channels();
+SELECT name FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SELECT relname from pg_class where relname = 'tmp_foo';
+SELECT current_user = 'regress_guc_user';
+-- discard everything
+DISCARD ALL;
+-- look again
+SELECT pg_listening_channels();
+SELECT name FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors;
+SHOW vacuum_cost_delay;
+SELECT relname from pg_class where relname = 'tmp_foo';
+SELECT current_user = 'regress_guc_user';
+DROP ROLE regress_guc_user;
+
+--
+-- search_path should react to changes in pg_namespace
+--
+
+set search_path = foo, public, not_there_initially;
+select current_schemas(false);
+create schema not_there_initially;
+select current_schemas(false);
+drop schema not_there_initially;
+select current_schemas(false);
+reset search_path;
+
+--
+-- Tests for function-local GUC settings
+--
+
+set work_mem = '3MB';
+
+create function report_guc(text) returns text as
+$$ select current_setting($1) $$ language sql
+set work_mem = '1MB';
+
+select report_guc('work_mem'), current_setting('work_mem');
+
+alter function report_guc(text) set work_mem = '2MB';
+
+select report_guc('work_mem'), current_setting('work_mem');
+
+alter function report_guc(text) reset all;
+
+select report_guc('work_mem'), current_setting('work_mem');
+
+-- SET LOCAL is restricted by a function SET option
+create or replace function myfunc(int) returns text as $$
+begin
+  set local work_mem = '2MB';
+  return current_setting('work_mem');
+end $$
+language plpgsql
+set work_mem = '1MB';
+
+select myfunc(0), current_setting('work_mem');
+
+alter function myfunc(int) reset all;
+
+select myfunc(0), current_setting('work_mem');
+
+set work_mem = '3MB';
+
+-- but SET isn't
+create or replace function myfunc(int) returns text as $$
+begin
+  set work_mem = '2MB';
+  return current_setting('work_mem');
+end $$
+language plpgsql
+set work_mem = '1MB';
+
+select myfunc(0), current_setting('work_mem');
+
+set work_mem = '3MB';
+
+-- it should roll back on error, though
+create or replace function myfunc(int) returns text as $$
+begin
+  set work_mem = '2MB';
+  perform 1/$1;
+  return current_setting('work_mem');
+end $$
+language plpgsql
+set work_mem = '1MB';
+
+select myfunc(0);
+select current_setting('work_mem');
+select myfunc(1), current_setting('work_mem');
+
+-- check current_setting()'s behavior with invalid setting name
+
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting');  -- FAIL
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting', false);  -- FAIL
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting', true) is null;
+
+-- after this, all three cases should yield 'nada'
+set nosuch.setting = 'nada';
+
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting');
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting', false);
+select current_setting('nosuch.setting', true);
+
+-- Normally, CREATE FUNCTION should complain about invalid values in
+-- function SET options; but not if check_function_bodies is off,
+-- because that creates ordering hazards for pg_dump
+
+create function func_with_bad_set() returns int as $$ select 1 $$
+language sql
+set default_text_search_config = no_such_config;
+
+set check_function_bodies = off;
+
+create function func_with_bad_set() returns int as $$ select 1 $$
+language sql
+set default_text_search_config = no_such_config;
+
+select func_with_bad_set();
+
+reset check_function_bodies;
+
+set default_with_oids to f;
+-- Should not allow to set it to true.
+set default_with_oids to t;
+
+-- Test GUC categories and flag patterns
+SELECT pg_settings_get_flags(NULL);
+SELECT pg_settings_get_flags('does_not_exist');
+CREATE TABLE tab_settings_flags AS SELECT name, category,
+    'EXPLAIN'          = ANY(flags) AS explain,
+    'NO_RESET_ALL'     = ANY(flags) AS no_reset_all,
+    'NOT_IN_SAMPLE'    = ANY(flags) AS not_in_sample,
+    'RUNTIME_COMPUTED' = ANY(flags) AS runtime_computed
+  FROM pg_show_all_settings() AS psas,
+    pg_settings_get_flags(psas.name) AS flags;
+
+-- Developer GUCs should be flagged with GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE:
+SELECT name FROM tab_settings_flags
+  WHERE category = 'Developer Options' AND NOT not_in_sample
+  ORDER BY 1;
+-- Most query-tuning GUCs are flagged as valid for EXPLAIN.
+-- default_statistics_target is an exception.
+SELECT name FROM tab_settings_flags
+  WHERE category ~ '^Query Tuning' AND NOT explain
+  ORDER BY 1;
+-- Runtime-computed GUCs should be part of the preset category.
+SELECT name FROM tab_settings_flags
+  WHERE NOT category = 'Preset Options' AND runtime_computed
+  ORDER BY 1;
+-- Preset GUCs are flagged as NOT_IN_SAMPLE.
+SELECT name FROM tab_settings_flags
+  WHERE category = 'Preset Options' AND NOT not_in_sample
+  ORDER BY 1;
+DROP TABLE tab_settings_flags;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/hash_func.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/hash_func.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad33c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/hash_func.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+--
+-- Test hash functions
+--
+-- When the salt is 0, the extended hash function should produce a result
+-- whose low 32 bits match the standard hash function.  When the salt is
+-- not 0, we should get a different result.
+--
+
+SELECT v as value, hashint2(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashint2extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashint2extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0::int2), (1::int2), (17::int2), (42::int2)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashint2(v)::bit(32) != hashint2extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashint2(v)::bit(32) = hashint2extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashint4(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashint4extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashint4extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1), (17), (42), (550273), (207112489)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashint4(v)::bit(32) != hashint4extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashint4(v)::bit(32) = hashint4extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashint8(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashint8extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashint8extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1), (17), (42), (550273), (207112489)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashint8(v)::bit(32) != hashint8extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashint8(v)::bit(32) = hashint8extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashfloat4(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashfloat4extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashfloat4extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1), (17), (42), (550273), (207112489)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashfloat4(v)::bit(32) != hashfloat4extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashfloat4(v)::bit(32) = hashfloat4extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashfloat8(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashfloat8extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashfloat8extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1), (17), (42), (550273), (207112489)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashfloat8(v)::bit(32) != hashfloat8extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashfloat8(v)::bit(32) = hashfloat8extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashoid(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashoidextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashoidextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1), (17), (42), (550273), (207112489)) x(v)
+WHERE  hashoid(v)::bit(32) != hashoidextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashoid(v)::bit(32) = hashoidextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashchar(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashcharextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashcharextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::"char"), ('1'), ('x'), ('X'), ('p'), ('N')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashchar(v)::bit(32) != hashcharextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashchar(v)::bit(32) = hashcharextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashname(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashnameextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashnameextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL), ('PostgreSQL'), ('eIpUEtqmY89'), ('AXKEJBTK'),
+        ('muop28x03'), ('yi3nm0d73')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashname(v)::bit(32) != hashnameextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashname(v)::bit(32) = hashnameextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashtext(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashtextextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashtextextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL), ('PostgreSQL'), ('eIpUEtqmY89'), ('AXKEJBTK'),
+        ('muop28x03'), ('yi3nm0d73')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashtext(v)::bit(32) != hashtextextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashtext(v)::bit(32) = hashtextextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashoidvector(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashoidvectorextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashoidvectorextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::oidvector), ('0 1 2 3 4'), ('17 18 19 20'),
+        ('42 43 42 45'), ('550273 550273 570274'),
+        ('207112489 207112499 21512 2155 372325 1363252')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashoidvector(v)::bit(32) != hashoidvectorextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashoidvector(v)::bit(32) = hashoidvectorextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hash_aclitem(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hash_aclitem_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hash_aclitem_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (SELECT DISTINCT(relacl[1]) FROM pg_class LIMIT 10) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_aclitem(v)::bit(32) != hash_aclitem_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_aclitem(v)::bit(32) = hash_aclitem_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashmacaddr(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashmacaddrextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashmacaddrextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::macaddr), ('08:00:2b:01:02:04'), ('08:00:2b:01:02:04'),
+        ('e2:7f:51:3e:70:49'), ('d6:a9:4a:78:1c:d5'),
+        ('ea:29:b1:5e:1f:a5')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashmacaddr(v)::bit(32) != hashmacaddrextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashmacaddr(v)::bit(32) = hashmacaddrextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashinet(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashinetextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashinetextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::inet), ('192.168.100.128/25'), ('192.168.100.0/8'),
+        ('172.168.10.126/16'), ('172.18.103.126/24'), ('192.188.13.16/32')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashinet(v)::bit(32) != hashinetextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashinet(v)::bit(32) = hashinetextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hash_numeric(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hash_numeric_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hash_numeric_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (0), (1.149484958), (17.149484958), (42.149484958),
+        (149484958.550273), (2071124898672)) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_numeric(v)::bit(32) != hash_numeric_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_numeric(v)::bit(32) = hash_numeric_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashmacaddr8(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashmacaddr8extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashmacaddr8extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::macaddr8), ('08:00:2b:01:02:04:36:49'),
+        ('08:00:2b:01:02:04:f0:e8'), ('e2:7f:51:3e:70:49:16:29'),
+        ('d6:a9:4a:78:1c:d5:47:32'), ('ea:29:b1:5e:1f:a5')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashmacaddr8(v)::bit(32) != hashmacaddr8extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashmacaddr8(v)::bit(32) = hashmacaddr8extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hash_array(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hash_array_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hash_array_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES ('{0}'::int4[]), ('{0,1,2,3,4}'), ('{17,18,19,20}'),
+        ('{42,34,65,98}'), ('{550273,590027, 870273}'),
+        ('{207112489, 807112489}')) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_array(v)::bit(32) != hash_array_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_array(v)::bit(32) = hash_array_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+-- array hashing with non-hashable element type
+SELECT v as value, hash_array(v)::bit(32) as standard
+FROM   (VALUES ('{0}'::money[])) x(v);
+SELECT v as value, hash_array_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0
+FROM   (VALUES ('{0}'::money[])) x(v);
+
+SELECT v as value, hashbpchar(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashbpcharextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashbpcharextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL), ('PostgreSQL'), ('eIpUEtqmY89'), ('AXKEJBTK'),
+        ('muop28x03'), ('yi3nm0d73')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashbpchar(v)::bit(32) != hashbpcharextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashbpchar(v)::bit(32) = hashbpcharextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, time_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       time_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       time_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::time), ('11:09:59'), ('1:09:59'), ('11:59:59'),
+        ('7:9:59'), ('5:15:59')) x(v)
+WHERE  time_hash(v)::bit(32) != time_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR time_hash(v)::bit(32) = time_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, timetz_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       timetz_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       timetz_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::timetz), ('00:11:52.518762-07'), ('00:11:52.51762-08'),
+        ('00:11:52.62-01'), ('00:11:52.62+01'), ('11:59:59+04')) x(v)
+WHERE  timetz_hash(v)::bit(32) != timetz_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR timetz_hash(v)::bit(32) = timetz_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, interval_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       interval_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       interval_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::interval),
+        ('5 month 7 day 46 minutes'), ('1 year 7 day 46 minutes'),
+        ('1 year 7 month 20 day 46 minutes'), ('5 month'),
+        ('17 year 11 month 7 day 9 hours 46 minutes 5 seconds')) x(v)
+WHERE  interval_hash(v)::bit(32) != interval_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR interval_hash(v)::bit(32) = interval_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, timestamp_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       timestamp_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       timestamp_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::timestamp), ('2017-08-22 00:09:59.518762'),
+        ('2015-08-20 00:11:52.51762-08'),
+        ('2017-05-22 00:11:52.62-01'),
+        ('2013-08-22 00:11:52.62+01'), ('2013-08-22 11:59:59+04')) x(v)
+WHERE  timestamp_hash(v)::bit(32) != timestamp_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR timestamp_hash(v)::bit(32) = timestamp_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, uuid_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       uuid_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       uuid_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::uuid), ('a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'),
+        ('5a9ba4ac-8d6f-11e7-bb31-be2e44b06b34'),
+        ('99c6705c-d939-461c-a3c9-1690ad64ed7b'),
+        ('7deed3ca-8d6f-11e7-bb31-be2e44b06b34'),
+        ('9ad46d4f-6f2a-4edd-aadb-745993928e1e')) x(v)
+WHERE  uuid_hash(v)::bit(32) != uuid_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR uuid_hash(v)::bit(32) = uuid_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, pg_lsn_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       pg_lsn_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       pg_lsn_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::pg_lsn), ('16/B374D84'), ('30/B374D84'),
+        ('255/B374D84'), ('25/B379D90'), ('900/F37FD90')) x(v)
+WHERE  pg_lsn_hash(v)::bit(32) != pg_lsn_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR pg_lsn_hash(v)::bit(32) = pg_lsn_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+CREATE TYPE mood AS ENUM ('sad', 'ok', 'happy');
+SELECT v as value, hashenum(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hashenumextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hashenumextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES ('sad'::mood), ('ok'), ('happy')) x(v)
+WHERE  hashenum(v)::bit(32) != hashenumextended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hashenum(v)::bit(32) = hashenumextended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+DROP TYPE mood;
+
+SELECT v as value, jsonb_hash(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       jsonb_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       jsonb_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (NULL::jsonb),
+        ('{"a": "aaa bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh iii"}}'),
+        ('{"foo": [true, "bar"], "tags": {"e": 1, "f": null}}'),
+        ('{"g": {"h": "value"}}')) x(v)
+WHERE  jsonb_hash(v)::bit(32) != jsonb_hash_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR jsonb_hash(v)::bit(32) = jsonb_hash_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hash_range(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hash_range_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hash_range_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (int4range(10, 20)), (int4range(23, 43)),
+        (int4range(5675, 550273)),
+        (int4range(550274, 1550274)), (int4range(1550275, 208112489))) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_range(v)::bit(32) != hash_range_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_range(v)::bit(32) = hash_range_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+SELECT v as value, hash_multirange(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+	   hash_multirange_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+	   hash_multirange_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES ('{[10,20)}'::int4multirange), ('{[23, 43]}'::int4multirange),
+         ('{[5675, 550273)}'::int4multirange),
+		 ('{[550274, 1550274)}'::int4multirange),
+		 ('{[1550275, 208112489)}'::int4multirange)) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_multirange(v)::bit(32) != hash_multirange_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_multirange(v)::bit(32) = hash_multirange_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+
+CREATE TYPE hash_test_t1 AS (a int, b text);
+SELECT v as value, hash_record(v)::bit(32) as standard,
+       hash_record_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
+       hash_record_extended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1
+FROM   (VALUES (row(1, 'aaa')::hash_test_t1, row(2, 'bbb'), row(-1, 'ccc'))) x(v)
+WHERE  hash_record(v)::bit(32) != hash_record_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
+       OR hash_record(v)::bit(32) = hash_record_extended(v, 1)::bit(32);
+DROP TYPE hash_test_t1;
+
+-- record hashing with non-hashable field type
+CREATE TYPE hash_test_t2 AS (a money, b text);
+SELECT v as value, hash_record(v)::bit(32) as standard
+FROM   (VALUES (row(1, 'aaa')::hash_test_t2)) x(v);
+SELECT v as value, hash_record_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0
+FROM   (VALUES (row(1, 'aaa')::hash_test_t2)) x(v);
+DROP TYPE hash_test_t2;
+
+--
+-- Check special cases for specific data types
+--
+SELECT hashfloat4('0'::float4) = hashfloat4('-0'::float4) AS t;
+SELECT hashfloat4('NaN'::float4) = hashfloat4(-'NaN'::float4) AS t;
+SELECT hashfloat8('0'::float8) = hashfloat8('-0'::float8) AS t;
+SELECT hashfloat8('NaN'::float8) = hashfloat8(-'NaN'::float8) AS t;
+SELECT hashfloat4('NaN'::float4) = hashfloat8('NaN'::float8) AS t;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/hash_index.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/hash_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..527024f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/hash_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+--
+-- HASH_INDEX
+--
+
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+
+CREATE TABLE hash_i4_heap (
+	seqno 		int4,
+	random 		int4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE hash_name_heap (
+	seqno 		int4,
+	random 		name
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE hash_txt_heap (
+	seqno 		int4,
+	random 		text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE hash_f8_heap (
+	seqno		int4,
+	random 		float8
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/hash.data'
+COPY hash_i4_heap FROM :'filename';
+COPY hash_name_heap FROM :'filename';
+COPY hash_txt_heap FROM :'filename';
+COPY hash_f8_heap FROM :'filename';
+
+-- the data in this file has a lot of duplicates in the index key
+-- fields, leading to long bucket chains and lots of table expansion.
+-- this is therefore a stress test of the bucket overflow code (unlike
+-- the data in hash.data, which has unique index keys).
+--
+-- \set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/hashovfl.data'
+-- COPY hash_ovfl_heap FROM :'filename';
+
+ANALYZE hash_i4_heap;
+ANALYZE hash_name_heap;
+ANALYZE hash_txt_heap;
+ANALYZE hash_f8_heap;
+
+CREATE INDEX hash_i4_index ON hash_i4_heap USING hash (random int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX hash_name_index ON hash_name_heap USING hash (random name_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX hash_txt_index ON hash_txt_heap USING hash (random text_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX hash_f8_index ON hash_f8_heap USING hash (random float8_ops)
+  WITH (fillfactor=60);
+
+--
+-- Also try building functional, expressional, and partial indexes on
+-- tables that already contain data.
+--
+create unique index hash_f8_index_1 on hash_f8_heap(abs(random));
+create unique index hash_f8_index_2 on hash_f8_heap((seqno + 1), random);
+create unique index hash_f8_index_3 on hash_f8_heap(random) where seqno > 1000;
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 843938989 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_i4_heap
+   WHERE hash_i4_heap.random = 843938989;
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 66766766 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_i4_heap
+   WHERE hash_i4_heap.random = 66766766;
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 1505703298 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_name_heap
+   WHERE hash_name_heap.random = '1505703298'::name;
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 7777777 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_name_heap
+   WHERE hash_name_heap.random = '7777777'::name;
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 1351610853 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_txt_heap
+   WHERE hash_txt_heap.random = '1351610853'::text;
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 111111112222222233333333 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_txt_heap
+   WHERE hash_txt_heap.random = '111111112222222233333333'::text;
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 444705537 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_f8_heap
+   WHERE hash_f8_heap.random = '444705537'::float8;
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep 88888888 hash.data
+--
+SELECT * FROM hash_f8_heap
+   WHERE hash_f8_heap.random = '88888888'::float8;
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep '^90[^0-9]' hashovfl.data
+--
+-- SELECT count(*) AS i988 FROM hash_ovfl_heap
+--    WHERE x = 90;
+
+--
+-- hash index
+-- grep '^1000[^0-9]' hashovfl.data
+--
+-- SELECT count(*) AS i0 FROM hash_ovfl_heap
+--    WHERE x = 1000;
+
+--
+-- HASH
+--
+UPDATE hash_i4_heap
+   SET random = 1
+   WHERE hash_i4_heap.seqno = 1492;
+
+SELECT h.seqno AS i1492, h.random AS i1
+   FROM hash_i4_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = 1;
+
+UPDATE hash_i4_heap
+   SET seqno = 20000
+   WHERE hash_i4_heap.random = 1492795354;
+
+SELECT h.seqno AS i20000
+   FROM hash_i4_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = 1492795354;
+
+UPDATE hash_name_heap
+   SET random = '0123456789abcdef'::name
+   WHERE hash_name_heap.seqno = 6543;
+
+SELECT h.seqno AS i6543, h.random AS c0_to_f
+   FROM hash_name_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '0123456789abcdef'::name;
+
+UPDATE hash_name_heap
+   SET seqno = 20000
+   WHERE hash_name_heap.random = '76652222'::name;
+
+--
+-- this is the row we just replaced; index scan should return zero rows
+--
+SELECT h.seqno AS emptyset
+   FROM hash_name_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '76652222'::name;
+
+UPDATE hash_txt_heap
+   SET random = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnop'::text
+   WHERE hash_txt_heap.seqno = 4002;
+
+SELECT h.seqno AS i4002, h.random AS c0_to_p
+   FROM hash_txt_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnop'::text;
+
+UPDATE hash_txt_heap
+   SET seqno = 20000
+   WHERE hash_txt_heap.random = '959363399'::text;
+
+SELECT h.seqno AS t20000
+   FROM hash_txt_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '959363399'::text;
+
+UPDATE hash_f8_heap
+   SET random = '-1234.1234'::float8
+   WHERE hash_f8_heap.seqno = 8906;
+
+SELECT h.seqno AS i8096, h.random AS f1234_1234
+   FROM hash_f8_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '-1234.1234'::float8;
+
+UPDATE hash_f8_heap
+   SET seqno = 20000
+   WHERE hash_f8_heap.random = '488912369'::float8;
+
+SELECT h.seqno AS f20000
+   FROM hash_f8_heap h
+   WHERE h.random = '488912369'::float8;
+
+-- UPDATE hash_ovfl_heap
+--    SET x = 1000
+--   WHERE x = 90;
+
+-- this vacuums the index as well
+-- VACUUM hash_ovfl_heap;
+
+-- SELECT count(*) AS i0 FROM hash_ovfl_heap
+--   WHERE x = 90;
+
+-- SELECT count(*) AS i988 FROM hash_ovfl_heap
+--  WHERE x = 1000;
+
+--
+-- Cause some overflow insert and splits.
+--
+CREATE TABLE hash_split_heap (keycol INT);
+INSERT INTO hash_split_heap SELECT 1 FROM generate_series(1, 500) a;
+CREATE INDEX hash_split_index on hash_split_heap USING HASH (keycol);
+INSERT INTO hash_split_heap SELECT 1 FROM generate_series(1, 5000) a;
+
+-- Let's do a backward scan.
+BEGIN;
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT * from hash_split_heap WHERE keycol = 1;
+MOVE FORWARD ALL FROM c;
+MOVE BACKWARD 10000 FROM c;
+MOVE BACKWARD ALL FROM c;
+CLOSE c;
+END;
+
+-- DELETE, INSERT, VACUUM.
+DELETE FROM hash_split_heap WHERE keycol = 1;
+INSERT INTO hash_split_heap SELECT a/2 FROM generate_series(1, 25000) a;
+
+VACUUM hash_split_heap;
+
+-- Rebuild the index using a different fillfactor
+ALTER INDEX hash_split_index SET (fillfactor = 10);
+REINDEX INDEX hash_split_index;
+
+-- Clean up.
+DROP TABLE hash_split_heap;
+
+-- Index on temp table.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE hash_temp_heap (x int, y int);
+INSERT INTO hash_temp_heap VALUES (1,1);
+CREATE INDEX hash_idx ON hash_temp_heap USING hash (x);
+DROP TABLE hash_temp_heap CASCADE;
+
+-- Float4 type.
+CREATE TABLE hash_heap_float4 (x float4, y int);
+INSERT INTO hash_heap_float4 VALUES (1.1,1);
+CREATE INDEX hash_idx ON hash_heap_float4 USING hash (x);
+DROP TABLE hash_heap_float4 CASCADE;
+
+-- Test out-of-range fillfactor values
+CREATE INDEX hash_f8_index2 ON hash_f8_heap USING hash (random float8_ops)
+	WITH (fillfactor=9);
+CREATE INDEX hash_f8_index2 ON hash_f8_heap USING hash (random float8_ops)
+	WITH (fillfactor=101);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/hash_part.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/hash_part.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7eb365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/hash_part.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+--
+-- Hash partitioning.
+--
+
+-- Use hand-rolled hash functions and operator classes to get predictable
+-- result on different machines.  See the definitions of
+-- part_part_test_int4_ops and part_test_text_ops in insert.sql.
+
+CREATE TABLE mchash (a int, b text, c jsonb)
+  PARTITION BY HASH (a part_test_int4_ops, b part_test_text_ops);
+CREATE TABLE mchash1
+  PARTITION OF mchash FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 0);
+
+-- invalid OID, no such table
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition(0, 4, 0, NULL);
+
+-- not partitioned
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('tenk1'::regclass, 4, 0, NULL);
+
+-- partition rather than the parent
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash1'::regclass, 4, 0, NULL);
+
+-- invalid modulus
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 0, 0, NULL);
+
+-- remainder too small
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 1, -1, NULL);
+
+-- remainder too large
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 1, 1, NULL);
+
+-- modulus is null
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, NULL, 0, NULL);
+
+-- remainder is null
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 4, NULL, NULL);
+
+-- too many arguments
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 4, 0, NULL::int, NULL::text, NULL::json);
+
+-- too few arguments
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 3, 1, NULL::int);
+
+-- wrong argument type
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 2, 1, NULL::int, NULL::int);
+
+-- ok, should be false
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 4, 0, 0, ''::text);
+
+-- ok, should be true
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 4, 0, 2, ''::text);
+
+-- argument via variadic syntax, should fail because not all partitioning
+-- columns are of the correct type
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mchash'::regclass, 2, 1,
+								variadic array[1,2]::int[]);
+
+-- multiple partitioning columns of the same type
+CREATE TABLE mcinthash (a int, b int, c jsonb)
+  PARTITION BY HASH (a part_test_int4_ops, b part_test_int4_ops);
+
+-- now variadic should work, should be false
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mcinthash'::regclass, 4, 0,
+								variadic array[0, 0]);
+
+-- should be true
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mcinthash'::regclass, 4, 0,
+								variadic array[0, 1]);
+
+-- wrong length
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mcinthash'::regclass, 4, 0,
+								variadic array[]::int[]);
+
+-- wrong type
+SELECT satisfies_hash_partition('mcinthash'::regclass, 4, 0,
+								variadic array[now(), now()]);
+
+-- check satisfies_hash_partition passes correct collation
+create table text_hashp (a text) partition by hash (a);
+create table text_hashp0 partition of text_hashp for values with (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+create table text_hashp1 partition of text_hashp for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+-- The result here should always be true, because 'xxx' must belong to
+-- one of the two defined partitions
+select satisfies_hash_partition('text_hashp'::regclass, 2, 0, 'xxx'::text) OR
+	   satisfies_hash_partition('text_hashp'::regclass, 2, 1, 'xxx'::text) AS satisfies;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP TABLE mchash;
+DROP TABLE mcinthash;
+DROP TABLE text_hashp;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/horology.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/horology.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2724a2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/horology.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+--
+-- HOROLOGY
+--
+SET DateStyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+
+SHOW TimeZone;  -- Many of these tests depend on the prevailing setting
+
+--
+-- Test various input formats
+--
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227 040506+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227 040506-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227 040506.789+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227 040506.789-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227T040506+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227T040506-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227T040506.789+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '20011227T040506.789-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2001-12-27 04:05:06.789-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2001.12.27 04:05:06.789-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2001/12/27 04:05:06.789-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '12/27/2001 04:05:06.789-08';
+-- should fail in mdy mode:
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '27/12/2001 04:05:06.789-08';
+set datestyle to dmy;
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '27/12/2001 04:05:06.789-08';
+reset datestyle;
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'Y2001M12D27H04M05S06.789+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'Y2001M12D27H04M05S06.789-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'Y2001M12D27H04MM05S06.789+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'Y2001M12D27H04MM05S06.789-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271.5+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271.5-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271 04:05:06+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271 04:05:06-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271T040506+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271T040506-08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271T040506.789+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone 'J2452271T040506.789-08';
+-- German/European-style dates with periods as delimiters
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '12.27.2001 04:05:06.789+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '12.27.2001 04:05:06.789-08';
+SET DateStyle = 'German';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '27.12.2001 04:05:06.789+08';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '27.12.2001 04:05:06.789-08';
+SET DateStyle = 'ISO';
+-- As of 7.4, allow time without time zone having a time zone specified
+SELECT time without time zone '040506.789+08';
+SELECT time without time zone '040506.789-08';
+SELECT time without time zone 'T040506.789+08';
+SELECT time without time zone 'T040506.789-08';
+SELECT time with time zone '040506.789+08';
+SELECT time with time zone '040506.789-08';
+SELECT time with time zone 'T040506.789+08';
+SELECT time with time zone 'T040506.789-08';
+SELECT time with time zone 'T040506.789 +08';
+SELECT time with time zone 'T040506.789 -08';
+SET DateStyle = 'Postgres, MDY';
+-- Check Julian dates BC
+SELECT date 'J1520447' AS "Confucius' Birthday";
+SELECT date 'J0' AS "Julian Epoch";
+
+--
+-- date, time arithmetic
+--
+
+SELECT date '1981-02-03' + time '04:05:06' AS "Date + Time";
+SELECT date '1991-02-03' + time with time zone '04:05:06 PST' AS "Date + Time PST";
+SELECT date '2001-02-03' + time with time zone '04:05:06 UTC' AS "Date + Time UTC";
+SELECT date '1991-02-03' + interval '2 years' AS "Add Two Years";
+SELECT date '2001-12-13' - interval '2 years' AS "Subtract Two Years";
+-- subtract time from date should not make sense; use interval instead
+SELECT date '1991-02-03' - time '04:05:06' AS "Subtract Time";
+SELECT date '1991-02-03' - time with time zone '04:05:06 UTC' AS "Subtract Time UTC";
+
+--
+-- timestamp, interval arithmetic
+--
+
+SELECT timestamp without time zone '1996-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 29";
+SELECT timestamp without time zone '1999-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 28";
+SELECT timestamp without time zone '2000-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 29";
+SELECT timestamp without time zone '1999-12-01' + interval '1 month - 1 second' AS "Dec 31";
+SELECT timestamp without time zone 'Jan 1, 4713 BC' + interval '106000000 days' AS "Feb 23, 285506";
+SELECT timestamp without time zone 'Jan 1, 4713 BC' + interval '107000000 days' AS "Jan 20, 288244";
+SELECT timestamp without time zone 'Jan 1, 4713 BC' + interval '109203489 days' AS "Dec 31, 294276";
+SELECT timestamp without time zone '12/31/294276' - timestamp without time zone '12/23/1999' AS "106751991 Days";
+
+-- Shorthand values
+-- Not directly usable for regression testing since these are not constants.
+-- So, just try to test parser and hope for the best - thomas 97/04/26
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'today' = (timestamp without time zone 'yesterday' + interval '1 day')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'today' = (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow' - interval '1 day')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'today 10:30' = (timestamp without time zone 'yesterday' + interval '1 day 10 hr 30 min')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '10:30 today' = (timestamp without time zone 'yesterday' + interval '1 day 10 hr 30 min')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow' = (timestamp without time zone 'yesterday' + interval '2 days')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow 16:00:00' = (timestamp without time zone 'today' + interval '1 day 16 hours')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '16:00:00 tomorrow' = (timestamp without time zone 'today' + interval '1 day 16 hours')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'yesterday 12:34:56' = (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow' - interval '2 days - 12:34:56')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '12:34:56 yesterday' = (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow' - interval '2 days - 12:34:56')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow' > 'now') as "True";
+
+-- Convert from date and time to timestamp
+-- This test used to be timestamp(date,time) but no longer allowed by grammar
+-- to enable support for SQL99 timestamp type syntax.
+SELECT date '1994-01-01' + time '11:00' AS "Jan_01_1994_11am";
+SELECT date '1994-01-01' + time '10:00' AS "Jan_01_1994_10am";
+SELECT date '1994-01-01' + timetz '11:00-5' AS "Jan_01_1994_8am";
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time with time zone '11:00-5') AS "Jan_01_1994_8am";
+
+SELECT d1 + interval '1 year' AS one_year FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+SELECT d1 - interval '1 year' AS one_year FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '1996-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 29";
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '1999-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 28";
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2000-03-01' - interval '1 second' AS "Feb 29";
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '1999-12-01' + interval '1 month - 1 second' AS "Dec 31";
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone 'today' = (timestamp with time zone 'yesterday' + interval '1 day')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone 'today' = (timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow' - interval '1 day')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow' = (timestamp with time zone 'yesterday' + interval '2 days')) as "True";
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow' > 'now') as "True";
+
+-- timestamp with time zone, interval arithmetic around DST change
+-- (just for fun, let's use an intentionally nonstandard POSIX zone spec)
+SET TIME ZONE 'CST7CDT,M4.1.0,M10.5.0';
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2005-04-02 12:00-07' + interval '1 day' as "Apr 3, 12:00";
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2005-04-02 12:00-07' + interval '24 hours' as "Apr 3, 13:00";
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2005-04-03 12:00-06' - interval '1 day' as "Apr 2, 12:00";
+SELECT timestamp with time zone '2005-04-03 12:00-06' - interval '24 hours' as "Apr 2, 11:00";
+RESET TIME ZONE;
+
+
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time '11:00') AS "Jan_01_1994_10am";
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time '10:00') AS "Jan_01_1994_9am";
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time with time zone '11:00-8') AS "Jan_01_1994_11am";
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time with time zone '10:00-8') AS "Jan_01_1994_10am";
+SELECT timestamptz(date '1994-01-01', time with time zone '11:00-5') AS "Jan_01_1994_8am";
+
+SELECT d1 + interval '1 year' AS one_year FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+SELECT d1 - interval '1 year' AS one_year FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+--
+-- time, interval arithmetic
+--
+
+SELECT CAST(time '01:02' AS interval) AS "+01:02";
+SELECT CAST(interval '02:03' AS time) AS "02:03:00";
+SELECT time '01:30' + interval '02:01' AS "03:31:00";
+SELECT time '01:30' - interval '02:01' AS "23:29:00";
+SELECT time '02:30' + interval '36:01' AS "14:31:00";
+SELECT time '03:30' + interval '1 month 04:01' AS "07:31:00";
+SELECT CAST(time with time zone '01:02-08' AS interval) AS "+00:01";
+SELECT CAST(interval '02:03' AS time with time zone) AS "02:03:00-08";
+SELECT time with time zone '01:30-08' - interval '02:01' AS "23:29:00-08";
+SELECT time with time zone '02:30-08' + interval '36:01' AS "14:31:00-08";
+
+-- These two tests cannot be used because they default to current timezone,
+-- which may be either -08 or -07 depending on the time of year.
+-- SELECT time with time zone '01:30' + interval '02:01' AS "03:31:00-08";
+-- SELECT time with time zone '03:30' + interval '1 month 04:01' AS "07:31:00-08";
+-- Try the following two tests instead, as a poor substitute
+
+SELECT CAST(CAST(date 'today' + time with time zone '05:30'
+            + interval '02:01' AS time with time zone) AS time) AS "07:31:00";
+
+SELECT CAST(cast(date 'today' + time with time zone '03:30'
+  + interval '1 month 04:01' as timestamp without time zone) AS time) AS "07:31:00";
+
+SELECT t.d1 AS t, i.f1 AS i, t.d1 + i.f1 AS "add", t.d1 - i.f1 AS "subtract"
+  FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL t, INTERVAL_TBL i
+  WHERE t.d1 BETWEEN '1990-01-01' AND '2001-01-01'
+    AND i.f1 BETWEEN '00:00' AND '23:00'
+  ORDER BY 1,2;
+
+SELECT t.f1 AS t, i.f1 AS i, t.f1 + i.f1 AS "add", t.f1 - i.f1 AS "subtract"
+  FROM TIME_TBL t, INTERVAL_TBL i
+  ORDER BY 1,2;
+
+SELECT t.f1 AS t, i.f1 AS i, t.f1 + i.f1 AS "add", t.f1 - i.f1 AS "subtract"
+  FROM TIMETZ_TBL t, INTERVAL_TBL i
+  ORDER BY 1,2;
+
+-- SQL9x OVERLAPS operator
+-- test with time zone
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-28')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-30') AS "True";
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-26', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-30') AS "False";
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-28')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', interval '1 day') AS "True";
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp with time zone '2000-11-30') AS "False";
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours') AS "True";
+
+SELECT (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp with time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', interval '12 hours') AS "False";
+
+-- test without time zone
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-28')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-30') AS "True";
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-26', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-30') AS "False";
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-28')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', interval '1 day') AS "True";
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', timestamp without time zone '2000-11-30') AS "False";
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours') AS "True";
+
+SELECT (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27', interval '12 hours')
+  OVERLAPS (timestamp without time zone '2000-11-27 12:00', interval '12 hours') AS "False";
+
+-- test time and interval
+SELECT (time '00:00', time '01:00')
+  OVERLAPS (time '00:30', time '01:30') AS "True";
+
+SELECT (time '00:00', interval '1 hour')
+  OVERLAPS (time '00:30', interval '1 hour') AS "True";
+
+SELECT (time '00:00', interval '1 hour')
+  OVERLAPS (time '01:30', interval '1 hour') AS "False";
+
+-- SQL99 seems to want this to be false (and we conform to the spec).
+-- istm that this *should* return true, on the theory that time
+-- intervals can wrap around the day boundary - thomas 2001-09-25
+SELECT (time '00:00', interval '1 hour')
+  OVERLAPS (time '01:30', interval '1 day') AS "False";
+
+CREATE TABLE TEMP_TIMESTAMP (f1 timestamp with time zone);
+
+-- get some candidate input values
+
+INSERT INTO TEMP_TIMESTAMP (f1)
+  SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+  WHERE d1 BETWEEN '13-jun-1957' AND '1-jan-1997'
+   OR d1 BETWEEN '1-jan-1999' AND '1-jan-2010';
+
+SELECT f1 AS "timestamp"
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP
+  ORDER BY "timestamp";
+
+SELECT d.f1 AS "timestamp", t.f1 AS "interval", d.f1 + t.f1 AS plus
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP d, INTERVAL_TBL t
+  ORDER BY plus, "timestamp", "interval";
+
+SELECT d.f1 AS "timestamp", t.f1 AS "interval", d.f1 - t.f1 AS minus
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP d, INTERVAL_TBL t
+  WHERE isfinite(d.f1)
+  ORDER BY minus, "timestamp", "interval";
+
+SELECT d.f1 AS "timestamp",
+   timestamp with time zone '1980-01-06 00:00 GMT' AS gpstime_zero,
+   d.f1 - timestamp with time zone '1980-01-06 00:00 GMT' AS difference
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP d
+  ORDER BY difference;
+
+SELECT d1.f1 AS timestamp1, d2.f1 AS timestamp2, d1.f1 - d2.f1 AS difference
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP d1, TEMP_TIMESTAMP d2
+  ORDER BY timestamp1, timestamp2, difference;
+
+--
+-- Conversions
+--
+
+SELECT f1 AS "timestamp", date(f1) AS date
+  FROM TEMP_TIMESTAMP
+  WHERE f1 <> timestamp 'now'
+  ORDER BY date, "timestamp";
+
+DROP TABLE TEMP_TIMESTAMP;
+
+--
+-- Comparisons between datetime types, especially overflow cases
+---
+
+SELECT '2202020-10-05'::date::timestamp;  -- fail
+SELECT '2202020-10-05'::date > '2020-10-05'::timestamp as t;
+SELECT '2020-10-05'::timestamp > '2202020-10-05'::date as f;
+
+SELECT '2202020-10-05'::date::timestamptz;  -- fail
+SELECT '2202020-10-05'::date > '2020-10-05'::timestamptz as t;
+SELECT '2020-10-05'::timestamptz > '2202020-10-05'::date as f;
+
+-- This conversion may work depending on timezone
+SELECT '4714-11-24 BC'::date::timestamptz;
+SET TimeZone = 'UTC-2';
+SELECT '4714-11-24 BC'::date::timestamptz;  -- fail
+
+SELECT '4714-11-24 BC'::date < '2020-10-05'::timestamptz as t;
+SELECT '2020-10-05'::timestamptz >= '4714-11-24 BC'::date as t;
+
+SELECT '4714-11-24 BC'::timestamp < '2020-10-05'::timestamptz as t;
+SELECT '2020-10-05'::timestamptz >= '4714-11-24 BC'::timestamp as t;
+
+RESET TimeZone;
+
+--
+-- Tests for BETWEEN
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 between '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 between '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 not between '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 not between '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 between symmetric '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 between symmetric '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 not between symmetric '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+select count(*) from date_tbl
+  where f1 not between symmetric '1997-01-01' and '1998-01-01';
+
+--
+-- Formats
+--
+
+SET DateStyle TO 'US,Postgres';
+
+SHOW DateStyle;
+
+SELECT d1 AS us_postgres FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SET DateStyle TO 'US,ISO';
+
+SELECT d1 AS us_iso FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SET DateStyle TO 'US,SQL';
+
+SHOW DateStyle;
+
+SELECT d1 AS us_sql FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SET DateStyle TO 'European,Postgres';
+
+SHOW DateStyle;
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES('13/06/1957');
+
+SELECT count(*) as one FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = 'Jun 13 1957';
+
+SELECT d1 AS european_postgres FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SET DateStyle TO 'European,ISO';
+
+SHOW DateStyle;
+
+SELECT d1 AS european_iso FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SET DateStyle TO 'European,SQL';
+
+SHOW DateStyle;
+
+SELECT d1 AS european_sql FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+RESET DateStyle;
+
+--
+-- to_timestamp()
+--
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('0097/Feb/16 --> 08:14:30', 'YYYY/Mon/DD --> HH:MI:SS');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('97/2/16 8:14:30', 'FMYYYY/FMMM/FMDD FMHH:FMMI:FMSS');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011$03!18 23_38_15', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1985 January 12', 'YYYY FMMonth DD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1985 FMMonth 12', 'YYYY "FMMonth" DD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1985 \ 12', 'YYYY \\ DD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('My birthday-> Year: 1976, Month: May, Day: 16',
+                    '"My birthday-> Year:" YYYY, "Month:" FMMonth, "Day:" DD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1,582nd VIII 21', 'Y,YYYth FMRM DD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('15 "text between quote marks" 98 54 45',
+                    E'HH24 "\\"text between quote marks\\"" YY MI SS');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05121445482000', 'MMDDHH24MISSYYYY');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000January09Sunday', 'YYYYFMMonthDDFMDay');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('97/Feb/16', 'YYMonDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('97/Feb/16', 'YY:Mon:DD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('97/Feb/16', 'FXYY:Mon:DD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('97/Feb/16', 'FXYY/Mon/DD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('19971116', 'YYYYMMDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('20000-1116', 'YYYY-MMDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1997 AD 11 16', 'YYYY BC MM DD');
+SELECT to_timestamp('1997 BC 11 16', 'YYYY BC MM DD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('1997 A.D. 11 16', 'YYYY B.C. MM DD');
+SELECT to_timestamp('1997 B.C. 11 16', 'YYYY B.C. MM DD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('9-1116', 'Y-MMDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('95-1116', 'YY-MMDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('995-1116', 'YYY-MMDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005426', 'YYYYWWD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005300', 'YYYYDDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005527', 'IYYYIWID');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('005527', 'IYYIWID');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('05527', 'IYIWID');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('5527', 'IIWID');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005364', 'IYYYIDDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('20050302', 'YYYYMMDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005 03 02', 'YYYYMMDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp(' 2005 03 02', 'YYYYMMDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('  20050302', 'YYYYMMDD');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 AM', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI PM');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 PM', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI PM');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 A.M.', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI P.M.');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 P.M.', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI P.M.');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 +05',    'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZH');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 -05',    'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZH');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 +05:20', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZH:TZM');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 -05:20', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZH:TZM');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 20',     'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZM');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 11:38 PST', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH12:MI TZ');  -- NYI
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.025', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.MS');
+
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.1', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.12', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.123', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.1234', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.12345', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.123456', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+SELECT i, to_timestamp('2018-11-02 12:34:56.123456789', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' || i) FROM generate_series(1, 6) i;
+
+SELECT to_date('1 4 1902', 'Q MM YYYY');  -- Q is ignored
+SELECT to_date('3 4 21 01', 'W MM CC YY');
+SELECT to_date('2458872', 'J');
+
+--
+-- Check handling of BC dates
+--
+
+SELECT to_date('44-02-01 BC','YYYY-MM-DD BC');
+SELECT to_date('-44-02-01','YYYY-MM-DD');
+SELECT to_date('-44-02-01 BC','YYYY-MM-DD BC');
+SELECT to_timestamp('44-02-01 11:12:13 BC','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS BC');
+SELECT to_timestamp('-44-02-01 11:12:13','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('-44-02-01 11:12:13 BC','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS BC');
+
+--
+-- Check handling of multiple spaces in format and/or input
+--
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18 23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD  HH24:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18  23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD  HH24:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18   23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD  HH24:MI:SS');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18  23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18  23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD  HH24:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2011-12-18  23:38:15', 'YYYY-MM-DD   HH24:MI:SS');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000+   JUN', 'YYYY/MON');
+SELECT to_timestamp('  2000 +JUN', 'YYYY/MON');
+SELECT to_timestamp(' 2000 +JUN', 'YYYY//MON');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000  +JUN', 'YYYY//MON');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 + JUN', 'YYYY MON');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 ++ JUN', 'YYYY  MON');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 + + JUN', 'YYYY  MON');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 + + JUN', 'YYYY   MON');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 -10', 'YYYY TZH');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2000 -10', 'YYYY  TZH');
+
+SELECT to_date('2011 12  18', 'YYYY MM DD');
+SELECT to_date('2011 12  18', 'YYYY MM  DD');
+SELECT to_date('2011 12  18', 'YYYY MM   DD');
+
+SELECT to_date('2011 12 18', 'YYYY  MM DD');
+SELECT to_date('2011  12 18', 'YYYY  MM DD');
+SELECT to_date('2011   12 18', 'YYYY  MM DD');
+
+SELECT to_date('2011 12 18', 'YYYYxMMxDD');
+SELECT to_date('2011x 12x 18', 'YYYYxMMxDD');
+SELECT to_date('2011 x12 x18', 'YYYYxMMxDD');
+
+--
+-- Check errors for some incorrect usages of to_timestamp() and to_date()
+--
+
+-- Mixture of date conventions (ISO week and Gregorian):
+SELECT to_timestamp('2005527', 'YYYYIWID');
+
+-- Insufficient characters in the source string:
+SELECT to_timestamp('19971', 'YYYYMMDD');
+
+-- Insufficient digit characters for a single node:
+SELECT to_timestamp('19971)24', 'YYYYMMDD');
+
+-- We don't accept full-length day or month names if short form is specified:
+SELECT to_timestamp('Friday 1-January-1999', 'DY DD MON YYYY');
+SELECT to_timestamp('Fri 1-January-1999', 'DY DD MON YYYY');
+SELECT to_timestamp('Fri 1-Jan-1999', 'DY DD MON YYYY');  -- ok
+
+-- Value clobbering:
+SELECT to_timestamp('1997-11-Jan-16', 'YYYY-MM-Mon-DD');
+
+-- Non-numeric input:
+SELECT to_timestamp('199711xy', 'YYYYMMDD');
+
+-- Input that doesn't fit in an int:
+SELECT to_timestamp('10000000000', 'FMYYYY');
+
+-- Out-of-range and not-quite-out-of-range fields:
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-06-13 25:00:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-06-13 15:60:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-06-13 15:50:60', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-06-13 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');  -- ok
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-06-13 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-13-01 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-02-30 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2016-02-29 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');  -- ok
+SELECT to_timestamp('2015-02-29 15:50:55', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2015-02-11 86000', 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSS');  -- ok
+SELECT to_timestamp('2015-02-11 86400', 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSS');
+SELECT to_timestamp('2015-02-11 86000', 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSSS');  -- ok
+SELECT to_timestamp('2015-02-11 86400', 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSSS');
+SELECT to_date('2016-13-10', 'YYYY-MM-DD');
+SELECT to_date('2016-02-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD');
+SELECT to_date('2016-02-29', 'YYYY-MM-DD');  -- ok
+SELECT to_date('2015-02-29', 'YYYY-MM-DD');
+SELECT to_date('2015 365', 'YYYY DDD');  -- ok
+SELECT to_date('2015 366', 'YYYY DDD');
+SELECT to_date('2016 365', 'YYYY DDD');  -- ok
+SELECT to_date('2016 366', 'YYYY DDD');  -- ok
+SELECT to_date('2016 367', 'YYYY DDD');
+SELECT to_date('0000-02-01','YYYY-MM-DD');  -- allowed, though it shouldn't be
+
+--
+-- Check behavior with SQL-style fixed-GMT-offset time zone (cf bug #8572)
+--
+
+SET TIME ZONE 'America/New_York';
+SET TIME ZONE '-1.5';
+
+SHOW TIME ZONE;
+
+SELECT '2012-12-12 12:00'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2012-12-12 12:00 America/New_York'::timestamptz;
+
+SELECT to_char('2012-12-12 12:00'::timestamptz, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TZ');
+SELECT to_char('2012-12-12 12:00'::timestamptz, 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSS');
+SELECT to_char('2012-12-12 12:00'::timestamptz, 'YYYY-MM-DD SSSSS');
+
+RESET TIME ZONE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/identity.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/identity.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b8db2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/identity.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+-- sanity check of system catalog
+SELECT attrelid, attname, attidentity FROM pg_attribute WHERE attidentity NOT IN ('', 'a', 'd');
+
+
+CREATE TABLE itest1 (a int generated by default as identity, b text);
+CREATE TABLE itest2 (a bigint generated always as identity, b text);
+CREATE TABLE itest3 (a smallint generated by default as identity (start with 7 increment by 5), b text);
+ALTER TABLE itest3 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- error
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, column_default, is_nullable, is_identity, identity_generation, identity_start, identity_increment, identity_maximum, identity_minimum, identity_cycle FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'itest_' ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- internal sequences should not be shown here
+SELECT sequence_name FROM information_schema.sequences WHERE sequence_name LIKE 'itest%';
+
+SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence('itest1', 'a');
+
+\d itest1_a_seq
+
+CREATE TABLE itest4 (a int, b text);
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- error, requires NOT NULL
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- ok
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP NOT NULL;  -- error, disallowed
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- error, already set
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN b ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- error, wrong data type
+
+-- for later
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN b SET DEFAULT '';
+
+-- invalid column type
+CREATE TABLE itest_err_1 (a text generated by default as identity);
+
+-- duplicate identity
+CREATE TABLE itest_err_2 (a int generated always as identity generated by default as identity);
+
+-- cannot have default and identity
+CREATE TABLE itest_err_3 (a int default 5 generated by default as identity);
+
+-- cannot combine serial and identity
+CREATE TABLE itest_err_4 (a serial generated by default as identity);
+
+INSERT INTO itest1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+
+SELECT * FROM itest1;
+SELECT * FROM itest2;
+SELECT * FROM itest3;
+SELECT * FROM itest4;
+
+
+-- VALUES RTEs
+
+CREATE TABLE itest5 (a int generated always as identity, b text);
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (1, 'a');  -- error
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (DEFAULT, 'a');  -- ok
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (2, 'b'), (3, 'c');  -- error
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (DEFAULT, 'b'), (3, 'c');  -- error
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (2, 'b'), (DEFAULT, 'c');  -- error
+INSERT INTO itest5 VALUES (DEFAULT, 'b'), (DEFAULT, 'c');  -- ok
+
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (-1, 'aa');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (-2, 'bb'), (-3, 'cc');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (DEFAULT, 'dd'), (-4, 'ee');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (-5, 'ff'), (DEFAULT, 'gg');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (DEFAULT, 'hh'), (DEFAULT, 'ii');
+
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (-1, 'aaa');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (-2, 'bbb'), (-3, 'ccc');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (DEFAULT, 'ddd'), (-4, 'eee');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (-5, 'fff'), (DEFAULT, 'ggg');
+INSERT INTO itest5 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (DEFAULT, 'hhh'), (DEFAULT, 'iii');
+
+SELECT * FROM itest5;
+DROP TABLE itest5;
+
+INSERT INTO itest3 VALUES (DEFAULT, 'a');
+INSERT INTO itest3 VALUES (DEFAULT, 'b'), (DEFAULT, 'c');
+
+SELECT * FROM itest3;
+
+
+-- OVERRIDING tests
+
+-- GENERATED BY DEFAULT
+
+-- This inserts the row as presented:
+INSERT INTO itest1 VALUES (10, 'xyz');
+-- With GENERATED BY DEFAULT, OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE is not allowed
+-- by the standard, but we allow it as a no-op, since it is of use if
+-- there are multiple identity columns in a table, which is also an
+-- extension.
+INSERT INTO itest1 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (20, 'xyz');
+-- This ignores the 30 and uses the sequence value instead:
+INSERT INTO itest1 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (30, 'xyz');
+
+SELECT * FROM itest1;
+
+-- GENERATED ALWAYS
+
+-- This is an error:
+INSERT INTO itest2 VALUES (10, 'xyz');
+-- This inserts the row as presented:
+INSERT INTO itest2 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (20, 'xyz');
+-- This ignores the 30 and uses the sequence value instead:
+INSERT INTO itest2 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (30, 'xyz');
+
+SELECT * FROM itest2;
+
+
+-- UPDATE tests
+
+-- GENERATED BY DEFAULT is not restricted.
+UPDATE itest1 SET a = 101 WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE itest1 SET a = DEFAULT WHERE a = 2;
+SELECT * FROM itest1;
+
+-- GENERATED ALWAYS allows only DEFAULT.
+UPDATE itest2 SET a = 101 WHERE a = 1;  -- error
+UPDATE itest2 SET a = DEFAULT WHERE a = 2;  -- ok
+SELECT * FROM itest2;
+
+
+-- COPY tests
+
+CREATE TABLE itest9 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text, c bigint);
+
+COPY itest9 FROM stdin;
+100	foo	200
+101	bar	201
+\.
+
+COPY itest9 (b, c) FROM stdin;
+foo2	202
+bar2	203
+\.
+
+SELECT * FROM itest9 ORDER BY c;
+
+
+-- DROP IDENTITY tests
+
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY;
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY;  -- error
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY IF EXISTS;  -- noop
+
+INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES;  -- fails because NOT NULL is not dropped
+ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP NOT NULL;
+INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itest4;
+
+-- check that sequence is removed
+SELECT sequence_name FROM itest4_a_seq;
+
+
+-- test views
+
+CREATE TABLE itest10 (a int generated by default as identity, b text);
+CREATE TABLE itest11 (a int generated always as identity, b text);
+
+CREATE VIEW itestv10 AS SELECT * FROM itest10;
+CREATE VIEW itestv11 AS SELECT * FROM itest11;
+
+INSERT INTO itestv10 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itestv10 DEFAULT VALUES;
+
+INSERT INTO itestv11 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itestv11 DEFAULT VALUES;
+
+SELECT * FROM itestv10;
+SELECT * FROM itestv11;
+
+INSERT INTO itestv10 VALUES (10, 'xyz');
+INSERT INTO itestv10 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (11, 'xyz');
+
+SELECT * FROM itestv10;
+
+INSERT INTO itestv11 VALUES (10, 'xyz');
+INSERT INTO itestv11 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (11, 'xyz');
+
+SELECT * FROM itestv11;
+
+DROP VIEW itestv10, itestv11;
+
+
+-- ADD COLUMN
+
+CREATE TABLE itest13 (a int);
+-- add column to empty table
+ALTER TABLE itest13 ADD COLUMN b int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY;
+INSERT INTO itest13 VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+-- add column to populated table
+ALTER TABLE itest13 ADD COLUMN c int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY;
+SELECT * FROM itest13;
+
+
+-- various ALTER COLUMN tests
+
+-- fail, not allowed for identity columns
+ALTER TABLE itest1 ALTER COLUMN a SET DEFAULT 1;
+
+-- fail, not allowed, already has a default
+CREATE TABLE itest5 (a serial, b text);
+ALTER TABLE itest5 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
+
+ALTER TABLE itest3 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE int;
+SELECT seqtypid::regtype FROM pg_sequence WHERE seqrelid = 'itest3_a_seq'::regclass;
+\d itest3
+
+ALTER TABLE itest3 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE text;  -- error
+
+-- kinda silly to change property in the same command, but it should work
+ALTER TABLE itest3
+  ADD COLUMN c int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY,
+  ALTER COLUMN c SET GENERATED ALWAYS;
+\d itest3
+
+
+-- ALTER COLUMN ... SET
+
+CREATE TABLE itest6 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text);
+INSERT INTO itest6 DEFAULT VALUES;
+
+ALTER TABLE itest6 ALTER COLUMN a SET GENERATED BY DEFAULT SET INCREMENT BY 2 SET START WITH 100 RESTART;
+INSERT INTO itest6 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO itest6 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itest6;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_identity, identity_generation FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'itest6' ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+ALTER TABLE itest6 ALTER COLUMN b SET INCREMENT BY 2;  -- fail, not identity
+
+
+-- prohibited direct modification of sequence
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE itest6_a_seq OWNED BY NONE;
+
+
+-- inheritance
+
+CREATE TABLE itest7 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY);
+INSERT INTO itest7 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itest7;
+
+-- identity property is not inherited
+CREATE TABLE itest7a (b text) INHERITS (itest7);
+
+-- make column identity in child table
+CREATE TABLE itest7b (a int);
+CREATE TABLE itest7c (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY) INHERITS (itest7b);
+INSERT INTO itest7c DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itest7c;
+
+CREATE TABLE itest7d (a int not null);
+CREATE TABLE itest7e () INHERITS (itest7d);
+ALTER TABLE itest7d ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
+ALTER TABLE itest7d ADD COLUMN b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;  -- error
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_nullable, is_identity, identity_generation FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'itest7%' ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- These ALTER TABLE variants will not recurse.
+ALTER TABLE itest7 ALTER COLUMN a SET GENERATED BY DEFAULT;
+ALTER TABLE itest7 ALTER COLUMN a RESTART;
+ALTER TABLE itest7 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY;
+
+-- privileges
+CREATE USER regress_identity_user1;
+CREATE TABLE itest8 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text);
+GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON itest8 TO regress_identity_user1;
+SET ROLE regress_identity_user1;
+INSERT INTO itest8 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM itest8;
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP TABLE itest8;
+DROP USER regress_identity_user1;
+
+-- multiple steps in ALTER TABLE
+CREATE TABLE itest8 (f1 int);
+
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ADD COLUMN f2 int NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN f2 ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
+
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ADD COLUMN f3 int NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN f3 ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
+  ALTER COLUMN f3 SET GENERATED BY DEFAULT SET INCREMENT 10;
+
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ADD COLUMN f4 int;
+
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ALTER COLUMN f4 SET NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN f4 ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
+  ALTER COLUMN f4 SET DATA TYPE bigint;
+
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ADD COLUMN f5 int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
+
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ALTER COLUMN f5 DROP IDENTITY,
+  ALTER COLUMN f5 DROP NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN f5 SET DATA TYPE bigint;
+
+INSERT INTO itest8 VALUES(0), (1);
+
+-- This does not work when the table isn't empty.  That's intentional,
+-- since ADD GENERATED should only affect later insertions:
+ALTER TABLE itest8
+  ADD COLUMN f22 int NOT NULL,
+  ALTER COLUMN f22 ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
+
+TABLE itest8;
+\d+ itest8
+\d itest8_f2_seq
+\d itest8_f3_seq
+\d itest8_f4_seq
+\d itest8_f5_seq
+DROP TABLE itest8;
+
+
+-- typed tables (currently not supported)
+
+CREATE TYPE itest_type AS (f1 integer, f2 text, f3 bigint);
+CREATE TABLE itest12 OF itest_type (f1 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY); -- error
+DROP TYPE itest_type CASCADE;
+
+
+-- table partitions (currently not supported)
+
+CREATE TABLE itest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 text, f3 bigint) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1);
+CREATE TABLE itest_child PARTITION OF itest_parent (
+    f3 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY
+) FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01'); -- error
+DROP TABLE itest_parent;
+
+
+-- test that sequence of half-dropped serial column is properly ignored
+
+CREATE TABLE itest14 (id serial);
+ALTER TABLE itest14 ALTER id DROP DEFAULT;
+ALTER TABLE itest14 ALTER id ADD GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY;
+INSERT INTO itest14 (id) VALUES (DEFAULT);
+
+-- Identity columns must be NOT NULL (cf bug #16913)
+
+CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY NULL); -- fail
+CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY); -- fail
+CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY NOT NULL);
+DROP TABLE itest15;
+CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer NOT NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY);
+DROP TABLE itest15;
+
+-- MERGE tests
+CREATE TABLE itest15 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text);
+CREATE TABLE itest16 (a int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY, b text);
+
+MERGE INTO itest15 t
+USING (SELECT 10 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+
+-- Used to fail, but now it works and ignores the user supplied value
+MERGE INTO itest15 t
+USING (SELECT 20 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+
+MERGE INTO itest15 t
+USING (SELECT 30 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+
+MERGE INTO itest16 t
+USING (SELECT 10 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+
+MERGE INTO itest16 t
+USING (SELECT 20 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+
+MERGE INTO itest16 t
+USING (SELECT 30 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
+ON t.a = s.s_a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
+
+SELECT * FROM itest15;
+SELECT * FROM itest16;
+DROP TABLE itest15;
+DROP TABLE itest16;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/incremental_sort.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/incremental_sort.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..284a354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/incremental_sort.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+-- When we have to sort the entire table, incremental sort will
+-- be slower than plain sort, so it should not be used.
+explain (costs off)
+select * from (select * from tenk1 order by four) t order by four, ten;
+
+-- When there is a LIMIT clause, incremental sort is beneficial because
+-- it only has to sort some of the groups, and not the entire table.
+explain (costs off)
+select * from (select * from tenk1 order by four) t order by four, ten
+limit 1;
+
+-- When work_mem is not enough to sort the entire table, incremental sort
+-- may be faster if individual groups still fit into work_mem.
+set work_mem to '2MB';
+explain (costs off)
+select * from (select * from tenk1 order by four) t order by four, ten;
+reset work_mem;
+
+create table t(a integer, b integer);
+
+create or replace function explain_analyze_without_memory(query text)
+returns table (out_line text) language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  line text;
+begin
+  for line in
+    execute 'explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) ' || query
+  loop
+    out_line := regexp_replace(line, '\d+kB', 'NNkB', 'g');
+    return next;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+
+create or replace function explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes(query text)
+returns jsonb language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  elements jsonb;
+  element jsonb;
+  matching_nodes jsonb := '[]'::jsonb;
+begin
+  execute 'explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off, format ''json'') ' || query into strict elements;
+  while jsonb_array_length(elements) > 0 loop
+    element := elements->0;
+    elements := elements - 0;
+    case jsonb_typeof(element)
+    when 'array' then
+      if jsonb_array_length(element) > 0 then
+        elements := elements || element;
+      end if;
+    when 'object' then
+      if element ? 'Plan' then
+        elements := elements || jsonb_build_array(element->'Plan');
+        element := element - 'Plan';
+      else
+        if element ? 'Plans' then
+          elements := elements || jsonb_build_array(element->'Plans');
+          element := element - 'Plans';
+        end if;
+        if (element->>'Node Type')::text = 'Incremental Sort' then
+          matching_nodes := matching_nodes || element;
+        end if;
+      end if;
+    end case;
+  end loop;
+  return matching_nodes;
+end;
+$$;
+
+create or replace function explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_without_memory(query text)
+returns jsonb language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  nodes jsonb := '[]'::jsonb;
+  node jsonb;
+  group_key text;
+  space_key text;
+begin
+  for node in select * from jsonb_array_elements(explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes(query)) t loop
+    for group_key in select unnest(array['Full-sort Groups', 'Pre-sorted Groups']::text[]) t loop
+      for space_key in select unnest(array['Sort Space Memory', 'Sort Space Disk']::text[]) t loop
+        node := jsonb_set(node, array[group_key, space_key, 'Average Sort Space Used'], '"NN"', false);
+        node := jsonb_set(node, array[group_key, space_key, 'Peak Sort Space Used'], '"NN"', false);
+      end loop;
+    end loop;
+    nodes := nodes || node;
+  end loop;
+  return nodes;
+end;
+$$;
+
+create or replace function explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_verify_invariants(query text)
+returns bool language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  node jsonb;
+  group_stats jsonb;
+  group_key text;
+  space_key text;
+begin
+  for node in select * from jsonb_array_elements(explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes(query)) t loop
+    for group_key in select unnest(array['Full-sort Groups', 'Pre-sorted Groups']::text[]) t loop
+      group_stats := node->group_key;
+      for space_key in select unnest(array['Sort Space Memory', 'Sort Space Disk']::text[]) t loop
+        if (group_stats->space_key->'Peak Sort Space Used')::bigint < (group_stats->space_key->'Peak Sort Space Used')::bigint then
+          raise exception '% has invalid max space < average space', group_key;
+        end if;
+      end loop;
+    end loop;
+  end loop;
+  return true;
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- A single large group tested around each mode transition point.
+insert into t(a, b) select i/100 + 1, i + 1 from generate_series(0, 999) n(i);
+analyze t;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+delete from t;
+
+-- An initial large group followed by a small group.
+insert into t(a, b) select i/50 + 1, i + 1 from generate_series(0, 999) n(i);
+analyze t;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 55;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 55;
+-- Test EXPLAIN ANALYZE with only a fullsort group.
+select explain_analyze_without_memory('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 55');
+select jsonb_pretty(explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_without_memory('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 55'));
+select explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_verify_invariants('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 55');
+delete from t;
+
+-- An initial small group followed by a large group.
+insert into t(a, b) select (case when i < 5 then i else 9 end), i from generate_series(1, 1000) n(i);
+analyze t;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 70;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 70;
+-- Checks case where we hit a group boundary at the last tuple of a batch.
+-- Because the full sort state is bounded, we scan 64 tuples (the mode
+-- transition point) but only retain 5. Thus when we transition modes, all
+-- tuples in the full sort state have different prefix keys.
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 5;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 5;
+
+-- Test rescan.
+begin;
+-- We force the planner to choose a plan with incremental sort on the right side
+-- of a nested loop join node. That way we trigger the rescan code path.
+set local enable_hashjoin = off;
+set local enable_mergejoin = off;
+set local enable_material = off;
+set local enable_sort = off;
+explain (costs off) select * from t left join (select * from (select * from t order by a) v order by a, b) s on s.a = t.a where t.a in (1, 2);
+select * from t left join (select * from (select * from t order by a) v order by a, b) s on s.a = t.a where t.a in (1, 2);
+rollback;
+-- Test EXPLAIN ANALYZE with both fullsort and presorted groups.
+select explain_analyze_without_memory('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 70');
+select jsonb_pretty(explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_without_memory('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 70'));
+select explain_analyze_inc_sort_nodes_verify_invariants('select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 70');
+delete from t;
+
+-- Small groups of 10 tuples each tested around each mode transition point.
+insert into t(a, b) select i / 10, i from generate_series(1, 1000) n(i);
+analyze t;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+delete from t;
+
+-- Small groups of only 1 tuple each tested around each mode transition point.
+insert into t(a, b) select i, i from generate_series(1, 1000) n(i);
+analyze t;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 31;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 32;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 33;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 65;
+explain (costs off) select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+select * from (select * from t order by a) s order by a, b limit 66;
+delete from t;
+
+drop table t;
+
+-- Incremental sort vs. parallel queries
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = '1kB';
+set min_parallel_index_scan_size = '1kB';
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+
+create table t (a int, b int, c int);
+insert into t select mod(i,10),mod(i,10),i from generate_series(1,10000) s(i);
+create index on t (a);
+analyze t;
+
+set enable_incremental_sort = off;
+explain (costs off) select a,b,sum(c) from t group by 1,2 order by 1,2,3 limit 1;
+
+set enable_incremental_sort = on;
+explain (costs off) select a,b,sum(c) from t group by 1,2 order by 1,2,3 limit 1;
+
+-- Incremental sort vs. set operations with varno 0
+set enable_hashagg to off;
+explain (costs off) select * from t union select * from t order by 1,3;
+
+-- Full sort, not just incremental sort can be pushed below a gather merge path
+-- by generate_useful_gather_paths.
+explain (costs off) select distinct a,b from t;
+
+drop table t;
+
+-- Sort pushdown can't go below where expressions are part of the rel target.
+-- In particular this is interesting for volatile expressions which have to
+-- go above joins since otherwise we'll incorrectly use expression evaluations
+-- across multiple rows.
+set enable_hashagg=off;
+set enable_seqscan=off;
+set enable_incremental_sort = off;
+set parallel_tuple_cost=0;
+set parallel_setup_cost=0;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set min_parallel_index_scan_size = 0;
+
+-- Parallel sort below join.
+explain (costs off) select distinct sub.unique1, stringu1
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub;
+explain (costs off) select sub.unique1, stringu1
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub
+order by 1, 2;
+-- Parallel sort but with expression that can be safely generated at the base rel.
+explain (costs off) select distinct sub.unique1, md5(stringu1)
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub;
+explain (costs off) select sub.unique1, md5(stringu1)
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub
+order by 1, 2;
+-- Parallel sort with an aggregate that can be safely generated in parallel,
+-- but we can't sort by partial aggregate values.
+explain (costs off) select count(*)
+from tenk1 t1
+join tenk1 t2 on t1.unique1 = t2.unique2
+join tenk1 t3 on t2.unique1 = t3.unique1
+order by count(*);
+-- Parallel sort but with expression (correlated subquery) that
+-- is prohibited in parallel plans.
+explain (costs off) select distinct
+  unique1,
+  (select t.unique1 from tenk1 where tenk1.unique1 = t.unique1)
+from tenk1 t, generate_series(1, 1000);
+explain (costs off) select
+  unique1,
+  (select t.unique1 from tenk1 where tenk1.unique1 = t.unique1)
+from tenk1 t, generate_series(1, 1000)
+order by 1, 2;
+-- Parallel sort but with expression not available until the upper rel.
+explain (costs off) select distinct sub.unique1, stringu1 || random()::text
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub;
+explain (costs off) select sub.unique1, stringu1 || random()::text
+from tenk1, lateral (select tenk1.unique1 from generate_series(1, 1000)) as sub
+order by 1, 2;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/index_including.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/index_including.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44b3400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/index_including.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+/*
+ * 1.test CREATE INDEX
+ *
+ * Deliberately avoid dropping objects in this section, to get some pg_dump
+ * coverage.
+ */
+
+-- Regular index with included columns
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_reg (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_reg SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX tbl_include_reg_idx ON tbl_include_reg (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+-- duplicate column is pretty pointless, but we allow it anyway
+CREATE INDEX ON tbl_include_reg (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c1, c3);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_reg'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+\d tbl_include_reg_idx
+
+-- Unique index and unique constraint
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_unique1 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_unique1 SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_unique1_idx_unique ON tbl_include_unique1 using btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_unique1 add UNIQUE USING INDEX tbl_include_unique1_idx_unique;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_unique1 add UNIQUE (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_unique1'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+
+-- Unique index and unique constraint. Both must fail.
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_unique2 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_unique2 SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_unique2_idx_unique ON tbl_include_unique2 using btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_unique2 add UNIQUE (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+
+-- PK constraint
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_pk (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_pk SELECT 1, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_pk add PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_pk'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_box (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_box SELECT 1, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_box_idx_unique ON tbl_include_box using btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_box add PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX tbl_include_box_idx_unique;
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_box'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+
+-- PK constraint. Must fail.
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_box_pk (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_box_pk SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_box_pk add PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+
+
+/*
+ * 2. Test CREATE TABLE with constraint
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+				CONSTRAINT covering UNIQUE(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+				CONSTRAINT covering PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, NULL, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, NULL, NULL FROM generate_series(1,300) AS x;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (2,5,1);
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (2,5,1);
+-- row comparison that compares high key at page boundary
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (262,1,1) limit 1;
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (262,1,1) limit 1;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+				UNIQUE(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+				PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, NULL, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, NULL, NULL FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+				EXCLUDE USING btree (c1 WITH =) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, NULL, NULL FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 3.0 Test ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+ * Any column deletion leads to index deletion.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 int);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_idx ON tbl using btree(c1, c2, c3, c4);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 3.1 Test ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+ * Included column deletion leads to the index deletion,
+ * AS well AS key columns deletion. It's explained in documentation.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_idx ON tbl using btree(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 3.2 Test ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+ * Included column deletion leads to the index deletion.
+ * AS well AS key columns deletion. It's explained in documentation.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c1;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 3.3 Test ALTER TABLE SET STATISTICS
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int, c2 int);
+CREATE INDEX tbl_idx ON tbl (c1, (c1+0)) INCLUDE (c2);
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 1 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 2 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 3 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 4 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 4. CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,1000) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY on tbl (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+
+/*
+ * 5. REINDEX
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+REINDEX INDEX tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_key;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c1;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 7. Check various AMs. All but btree, gist and spgist must fail.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 box, c4 box);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING brin(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING gist(c3) INCLUDE (c1, c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING spgist(c3) INCLUDE (c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING gin(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING hash(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING rtree(c3) INCLUDE (c1, c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING btree(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 8. Update, delete values in indexed table.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_idx_unique ON tbl using btree(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3,c4);
+UPDATE tbl SET c1 = 100 WHERE c1 = 2;
+UPDATE tbl SET c1 = 1 WHERE c1 = 3;
+-- should fail
+UPDATE tbl SET c2 = 2 WHERE c1 = 1;
+UPDATE tbl SET c3 = 1;
+DELETE FROM tbl WHERE c1 = 5 OR c3 = 12;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 9. Alter column type.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ALTER TABLE tbl ALTER c1 TYPE bigint;
+ALTER TABLE tbl ALTER c3 TYPE bigint;
+\d tbl
+DROP TABLE tbl;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/index_including_gist.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/index_including_gist.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d5c99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/index_including_gist.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * 1.1. test CREATE INDEX with buffered build
+ */
+
+-- Regular index with included columns
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+-- size is chosen to exceed page size and trigger actual truncation
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,8000) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c2,c3);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_gist'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10));
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+EXPLAIN  (costs off) SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10));
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO default;
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+
+/*
+ * 1.2. test CREATE INDEX with inserts
+ */
+
+-- Regular index with included columns
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+-- size is chosen to exceed page size and trigger actual truncation
+CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c2,c3);
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,8000) AS x;
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_gist'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10));
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+EXPLAIN  (costs off) SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10));
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO default;
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+
+/*
+ * 2. CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c2,c3);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+
+
+/*
+ * 3. REINDEX
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c3);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname;
+REINDEX INDEX tbl_gist_idx;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_gist DROP COLUMN c1;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl_gist' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+
+/*
+ * 4. Update, delete values in indexed table.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c3);
+UPDATE tbl_gist SET c1 = 100 WHERE c1 = 2;
+UPDATE tbl_gist SET c1 = 1 WHERE c1 = 3;
+DELETE FROM tbl_gist WHERE c1 = 5 OR c3 = 12;
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+
+/*
+ * 5. Alter column type.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX tbl_gist_idx ON tbl_gist using gist (c4) INCLUDE (c1,c3);
+ALTER TABLE tbl_gist ALTER c1 TYPE bigint;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_gist ALTER c3 TYPE bigint;
+\d tbl_gist
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
+
+/*
+ * 6. EXCLUDE constraint.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl_gist (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, EXCLUDE USING gist (c4 WITH &&) INCLUDE (c1, c2, c3));
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(x,x+1),point(2*x,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+INSERT INTO tbl_gist SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box(point(3*x,2*x),point(3*x+1,2*x+1)) FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+EXPLAIN  (costs off) SELECT * FROM tbl_gist where c4 <@ box(point(1,1),point(10,10));
+\d tbl_gist
+DROP TABLE tbl_gist;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/indexing.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/indexing.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f60d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/indexing.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,853 @@
+-- Creating an index on a partitioned table makes the partitions
+-- automatically get the index
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text) partition by range (a);
+
+-- relhassubclass of a partitioned index is false before creating any partition.
+-- It will be set after the first partition is created.
+create index idxpart_idx on idxpart (a);
+select relhassubclass from pg_class where relname = 'idxpart_idx';
+
+-- Check that partitioned indexes are present in pg_indexes.
+select indexdef from pg_indexes where indexname like 'idxpart_idx%';
+drop index idxpart_idx;
+
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (10);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (10) to (100)
+	partition by range (b);
+create table idxpart21 partition of idxpart2 for values from (0) to (100);
+
+-- Even with partitions, relhassubclass should not be set if a partitioned
+-- index is created only on the parent.
+create index idxpart_idx on only idxpart(a);
+select relhassubclass from pg_class where relname = 'idxpart_idx';
+drop index idxpart_idx;
+
+create index on idxpart (a);
+select relname, relkind, relhassubclass, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Some unsupported features
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (10);
+create index concurrently on idxpart (a);
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Verify bugfix with query on indexed partitioned table with no partitions
+-- https://postgr.es/m/20180124162006.pmapfiznhgngwtjf@alvherre.pgsql
+CREATE TABLE idxpart (col1 INT) PARTITION BY RANGE (col1);
+CREATE INDEX ON idxpart (col1);
+CREATE TABLE idxpart_two (col2 INT);
+SELECT col2 FROM idxpart_two fk LEFT OUTER JOIN idxpart pk ON (col1 = col2);
+DROP table idxpart, idxpart_two;
+
+-- Verify bugfix with index rewrite on ALTER TABLE / SET DATA TYPE
+-- https://postgr.es/m/CAKcux6mxNCGsgATwf5CGMF8g4WSupCXicCVMeKUTuWbyxHOMsQ@mail.gmail.com
+CREATE TABLE idxpart (a INT, b TEXT, c INT) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE idxpart1 PARTITION OF idxpart FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE) TO (MAXVALUE);
+CREATE INDEX partidx_abc_idx ON idxpart (a, b, c);
+INSERT INTO idxpart (a, b, c) SELECT i, i, i FROM generate_series(1, 50) i;
+ALTER TABLE idxpart ALTER COLUMN c TYPE numeric;
+DROP TABLE idxpart;
+
+-- If a table without index is attached as partition to a table with
+-- an index, the index is automatically created
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text) partition by range (a);
+create index idxparti on idxpart (a);
+create index idxparti2 on idxpart (b, c);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+\d idxpart1
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (10);
+\d idxpart1
+\d+ idxpart1_a_idx
+\d+ idxpart1_b_c_idx
+
+-- Forbid ALTER TABLE when attaching or detaching an index to a partition.
+create index idxpart_c on only idxpart (c);
+create index idxpart1_c on idxpart1 (c);
+alter table idxpart_c attach partition idxpart1_c for values from (10) to (20);
+alter index idxpart_c attach partition idxpart1_c;
+select relname, relpartbound from pg_class
+  where relname in ('idxpart_c', 'idxpart1_c')
+  order by relname;
+alter table idxpart_c detach partition idxpart1_c;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- If a partition already has an index, don't create a duplicative one
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0, 0) to (10, 10);
+create index on idxpart1 (a, b);
+create index on idxpart (a, b);
+\d idxpart1
+select relname, relkind, relhassubclass, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- DROP behavior for partitioned indexes
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create index on idxpart (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (10);
+drop index idxpart1_a_idx;	-- no way
+drop index concurrently idxpart_a_idx;	-- unsupported
+drop index idxpart_a_idx;	-- both indexes go away
+select relname, relkind from pg_class
+  where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+create index on idxpart (a);
+drop table idxpart1;		-- the index on partition goes away too
+select relname, relkind from pg_class
+  where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- DROP behavior with temporary partitioned indexes
+create temp table idxpart_temp (a int) partition by range (a);
+create index on idxpart_temp(a);
+create temp table idxpart1_temp partition of idxpart_temp
+  for values from (0) to (10);
+drop index idxpart1_temp_a_idx; -- error
+-- non-concurrent drop is enforced here, so it is a valid case.
+drop index concurrently idxpart_temp_a_idx;
+select relname, relkind from pg_class
+  where relname like 'idxpart_temp%' order by relname;
+drop table idxpart_temp;
+
+-- ALTER INDEX .. ATTACH, error cases
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0, 0) to (10, 10);
+create index idxpart_a_b_idx on only idxpart (a, b);
+create index idxpart1_a_b_idx on idxpart1 (a, b);
+create index idxpart1_tst1 on idxpart1 (b, a);
+create index idxpart1_tst2 on idxpart1 using hash (a);
+create index idxpart1_tst3 on idxpart1 (a, b) where a > 10;
+
+alter index idxpart attach partition idxpart1;
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1;
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart_a_b_idx;
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_b_idx;
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_tst1;
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_tst2;
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_tst3;
+-- OK
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_a_b_idx;
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_a_b_idx; -- quiet
+
+-- reject dupe
+create index idxpart1_2_a_b on idxpart1 (a, b);
+alter index idxpart_a_b_idx attach partition idxpart1_2_a_b;
+drop table idxpart;
+-- make sure everything's gone
+select indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass
+  from pg_index where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%';
+
+-- Don't auto-attach incompatible indexes
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (a int, b int);
+create index on idxpart1 using hash (a);
+create index on idxpart1 (a) where b > 1;
+create index on idxpart1 ((a + 0));
+create index on idxpart1 (a, a);
+create index on idxpart (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+\d idxpart1
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- If CREATE INDEX ONLY, don't create indexes on partitions; and existing
+-- indexes on partitions don't change parent.  ALTER INDEX ATTACH can change
+-- the parent after the fact.
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (100);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (100) to (1000)
+  partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart21 partition of idxpart2 for values from (100) to (200);
+create table idxpart22 partition of idxpart2 for values from (200) to (300);
+create index on idxpart22 (a);
+create index on only idxpart2 (a);
+create index on idxpart (a);
+-- Here we expect that idxpart1 and idxpart2 have a new index, but idxpart21
+-- does not; also, idxpart22 is not attached.
+\d idxpart1
+\d idxpart2
+\d idxpart21
+select indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+alter index idxpart2_a_idx attach partition idxpart22_a_idx;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+-- attaching idxpart22 is not enough to set idxpart22_a_idx valid ...
+alter index idxpart2_a_idx attach partition idxpart22_a_idx;
+\d idxpart2
+-- ... but this one is.
+create index on idxpart21 (a);
+alter index idxpart2_a_idx attach partition idxpart21_a_idx;
+\d idxpart2
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- When a table is attached a partition and it already has an index, a
+-- duplicate index should not get created, but rather the index becomes
+-- attached to the parent's index.
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text, d bool) partition by range (a);
+create index idxparti on idxpart (a);
+create index idxparti2 on idxpart (b, c);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart including indexes);
+\d idxpart1
+select relname, relkind, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (10);
+\d idxpart1
+select relname, relkind, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+-- While here, also check matching when creating an index after the fact.
+create index on idxpart1 ((a+b)) where d = true;
+\d idxpart1
+select relname, relkind, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+create index idxparti3 on idxpart ((a+b)) where d = true;
+\d idxpart1
+select relname, relkind, inhparent::regclass
+    from pg_class left join pg_index ix on (indexrelid = oid)
+	left join pg_inherits on (ix.indexrelid = inhrelid)
+	where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Verify that attaching an invalid index does not mark the parent index valid.
+-- On the other hand, attaching a valid index marks not only its direct
+-- ancestor valid, but also any indirect ancestor that was only missing the one
+-- that was just made valid
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (1) to (1000) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart11 partition of idxpart1 for values from (1) to (100);
+create index on only idxpart1 (a);
+create index on only idxpart (a);
+-- this results in two invalid indexes:
+select relname, indisvalid from pg_class join pg_index on indexrelid = oid
+   where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+-- idxpart1_a_idx is not valid, so idxpart_a_idx should not become valid:
+alter index idxpart_a_idx attach partition idxpart1_a_idx;
+select relname, indisvalid from pg_class join pg_index on indexrelid = oid
+   where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+-- after creating and attaching this, both idxpart1_a_idx and idxpart_a_idx
+-- should become valid
+create index on idxpart11 (a);
+alter index idxpart1_a_idx attach partition idxpart11_a_idx;
+select relname, indisvalid from pg_class join pg_index on indexrelid = oid
+   where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- verify dependency handling during ALTER TABLE DETACH PARTITION
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+create index on idxpart1 (a);
+create index on idxpart (a);
+create table idxpart2 (like idxpart);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0000) to (1000);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table idxpart3 partition of idxpart for values from (2000) to (3000);
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+-- a) after detaching partitions, the indexes can be dropped independently
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart1;
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart2;
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart3;
+drop index idxpart1_a_idx;
+drop index idxpart2_a_idx;
+drop index idxpart3_a_idx;
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+drop table idxpart, idxpart1, idxpart2, idxpart3;
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+create index on idxpart1 (a);
+create index on idxpart (a);
+create table idxpart2 (like idxpart);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0000) to (1000);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table idxpart3 partition of idxpart for values from (2000) to (3000);
+-- b) after detaching, dropping the index on parent does not remove the others
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart1;
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart2;
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart3;
+drop index idxpart_a_idx;
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+drop table idxpart, idxpart1, idxpart2, idxpart3;
+select relname, relkind from pg_class where relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c int) partition by range(a);
+create index on idxpart(c);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (250);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (250) to (500);
+alter table idxpart detach partition idxpart2;
+\d idxpart2
+alter table idxpart2 drop column c;
+\d idxpart2
+drop table idxpart, idxpart2;
+
+-- Verify that expression indexes inherit correctly
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+create index on idxpart1 ((a + b));
+create index on idxpart ((a + b));
+create table idxpart2 (like idxpart);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0000) to (1000);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table idxpart3 partition of idxpart for values from (2000) to (3000);
+select relname as child, inhparent::regclass as parent, pg_get_indexdef as childdef
+  from pg_class join pg_inherits on inhrelid = oid,
+  lateral pg_get_indexdef(pg_class.oid)
+  where relkind in ('i', 'I') and relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Verify behavior for collation (mis)matches
+create table idxpart (a text) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+create table idxpart2 (like idxpart);
+create index on idxpart2 (a collate "POSIX");
+create index on idxpart2 (a);
+create index on idxpart2 (a collate "C");
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from ('aaa') to ('bbb');
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from ('bbb') to ('ccc');
+create table idxpart3 partition of idxpart for values from ('ccc') to ('ddd');
+create index on idxpart (a collate "C");
+create table idxpart4 partition of idxpart for values from ('ddd') to ('eee');
+select relname as child, inhparent::regclass as parent, pg_get_indexdef as childdef
+  from pg_class left join pg_inherits on inhrelid = oid,
+  lateral pg_get_indexdef(pg_class.oid)
+  where relkind in ('i', 'I') and relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Verify behavior for opclass (mis)matches
+create table idxpart (a text) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (like idxpart);
+create table idxpart2 (like idxpart);
+create index on idxpart2 (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from ('aaa') to ('bbb');
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from ('bbb') to ('ccc');
+create table idxpart3 partition of idxpart for values from ('ccc') to ('ddd');
+create index on idxpart (a text_pattern_ops);
+create table idxpart4 partition of idxpart for values from ('ddd') to ('eee');
+-- must *not* have attached the index we created on idxpart2
+select relname as child, inhparent::regclass as parent, pg_get_indexdef as childdef
+  from pg_class left join pg_inherits on inhrelid = oid,
+  lateral pg_get_indexdef(pg_class.oid)
+  where relkind in ('i', 'I') and relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+drop index idxpart_a_idx;
+create index on only idxpart (a text_pattern_ops);
+-- must reject
+alter index idxpart_a_idx attach partition idxpart2_a_idx;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Verify that attaching indexes maps attribute numbers correctly
+create table idxpart (col1 int, a int, col2 int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (b int, col1 int, col2 int, col3 int, a int);
+alter table idxpart drop column col1, drop column col2;
+alter table idxpart1 drop column col1, drop column col2, drop column col3;
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+create index idxpart_1_idx on only idxpart (b, a);
+create index idxpart1_1_idx on idxpart1 (b, a);
+create index idxpart1_1b_idx on idxpart1 (b);
+-- test expressions and partial-index predicate, too
+create index idxpart_2_idx on only idxpart ((b + a)) where a > 1;
+create index idxpart1_2_idx on idxpart1 ((b + a)) where a > 1;
+create index idxpart1_2b_idx on idxpart1 ((a + b)) where a > 1;
+create index idxpart1_2c_idx on idxpart1 ((b + a)) where b > 1;
+alter index idxpart_1_idx attach partition idxpart1_1b_idx;	-- fail
+alter index idxpart_1_idx attach partition idxpart1_1_idx;
+alter index idxpart_2_idx attach partition idxpart1_2b_idx;	-- fail
+alter index idxpart_2_idx attach partition idxpart1_2c_idx;	-- fail
+alter index idxpart_2_idx attach partition idxpart1_2_idx;	-- ok
+select relname as child, inhparent::regclass as parent, pg_get_indexdef as childdef
+  from pg_class left join pg_inherits on inhrelid = oid,
+  lateral pg_get_indexdef(pg_class.oid)
+  where relkind in ('i', 'I') and relname like 'idxpart%' order by relname;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Make sure the partition columns are mapped correctly
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text) partition by range (a);
+create index idxparti on idxpart (a);
+create index idxparti2 on idxpart (c, b);
+create table idxpart1 (c text, a int, b int);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (10);
+create table idxpart2 (c text, a int, b int);
+create index on idxpart2 (a);
+create index on idxpart2 (c, b);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (10) to (20);
+select c.relname, pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid)
+  from pg_class c join pg_index i on c.oid = i.indexrelid
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Verify that columns are mapped correctly in expression indexes
+create table idxpart (col1 int, col2 int, a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (col2 int, b int, col1 int, a int);
+create table idxpart2 (col1 int, col2 int, b int, a int);
+alter table idxpart drop column col1, drop column col2;
+alter table idxpart1 drop column col1, drop column col2;
+alter table idxpart2 drop column col1, drop column col2;
+create index on idxpart2 (abs(b));
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (0) to (1);
+create index on idxpart (abs(b));
+create index on idxpart ((b + 1));
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (1) to (2);
+select c.relname, pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid)
+  from pg_class c join pg_index i on c.oid = i.indexrelid
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Verify that columns are mapped correctly for WHERE in a partial index
+create table idxpart (col1 int, a int, col3 int, b int) partition by range (a);
+alter table idxpart drop column col1, drop column col3;
+create table idxpart1 (col1 int, col2 int, col3 int, col4 int, b int, a int);
+alter table idxpart1 drop column col1, drop column col2, drop column col3, drop column col4;
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table idxpart2 (col1 int, col2 int, b int, a int);
+create index on idxpart2 (a) where b > 1000;
+alter table idxpart2 drop column col1, drop column col2;
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create index on idxpart (a) where b > 1000;
+select c.relname, pg_get_indexdef(indexrelid)
+  from pg_class c join pg_index i on c.oid = i.indexrelid
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Column number mapping: dropped columns in the partition
+create table idxpart1 (drop_1 int, drop_2 int, col_keep int, drop_3 int);
+alter table idxpart1 drop column drop_1;
+alter table idxpart1 drop column drop_2;
+alter table idxpart1 drop column drop_3;
+create index on idxpart1 (col_keep);
+create table idxpart (col_keep int) partition by range (col_keep);
+create index on idxpart (col_keep);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+\d idxpart
+\d idxpart1
+select attrelid::regclass, attname, attnum from pg_attribute
+  where attrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%' and attnum > 0
+  order by attrelid::regclass, attnum;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Column number mapping: dropped columns in the parent table
+create table idxpart(drop_1 int, drop_2 int, col_keep int, drop_3 int) partition by range (col_keep);
+alter table idxpart drop column drop_1;
+alter table idxpart drop column drop_2;
+alter table idxpart drop column drop_3;
+create table idxpart1 (col_keep int);
+create index on idxpart1 (col_keep);
+create index on idxpart (col_keep);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+\d idxpart
+\d idxpart1
+select attrelid::regclass, attname, attnum from pg_attribute
+  where attrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%' and attnum > 0
+  order by attrelid::regclass, attnum;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+--
+-- Constraint-related indexes
+--
+
+-- Verify that it works to add primary key / unique to partitioned tables
+create table idxpart (a int primary key, b int) partition by range (a);
+\d idxpart
+-- multiple primary key on child should fail
+create table failpart partition of idxpart (b primary key) for values from (0) to (100);
+drop table idxpart;
+-- primary key on child is okay if there's no PK in the parent, though
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1pk partition of idxpart (a primary key) for values from (0) to (100);
+\d idxpart1pk
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Failing to use the full partition key is not allowed
+create table idxpart (a int unique, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+create table idxpart (a int, b int unique) partition by range (a, b);
+create table idxpart (a int primary key, b int) partition by range (b, a);
+create table idxpart (a int, b int primary key) partition by range (b, a);
+
+-- OK if you use them in some other order
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text, primary key  (a, b, c)) partition by range (b, c, a);
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- not other types of index-based constraints
+create table idxpart (a int, exclude (a with = )) partition by range (a);
+
+-- no expressions in partition key for PK/UNIQUE
+create table idxpart (a int primary key, b int) partition by range ((b + a));
+create table idxpart (a int unique, b int) partition by range ((b + a));
+
+-- use ALTER TABLE to add a primary key
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, c text) partition by range (a, b);
+alter table idxpart add primary key (a);	-- not an incomplete one though
+alter table idxpart add primary key (a, b);	-- this works
+\d idxpart
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0, 0) to (1000, 1000);
+\d idxpart1
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- use ALTER TABLE to add a unique constraint
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+alter table idxpart add unique (a);			-- not an incomplete one though
+alter table idxpart add unique (b, a);		-- this works
+\d idxpart
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Exclusion constraints cannot be added
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+alter table idxpart add exclude (a with =);
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- When (sub)partitions are created, they also contain the constraint
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, primary key (a, b)) partition by range (a, b);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (1, 1) to (10, 10);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (10, 10) to (20, 20)
+  partition by range (b);
+create table idxpart21 partition of idxpart2 for values from (10) to (15);
+create table idxpart22 partition of idxpart2 for values from (15) to (20);
+create table idxpart3 (b int not null, a int not null);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart3 for values from (20, 20) to (30, 30);
+select conname, contype, conrelid::regclass, conindid::regclass, conkey
+  from pg_constraint where conrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by conname;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Verify that multi-layer partitioning honors the requirement that all
+-- columns in the partition key must appear in primary/unique key
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, primary key (a)) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart
+for values from (0) to (1000) partition by range (b); -- fail
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Ditto for the ATTACH PARTITION case
+create table idxpart (a int unique, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (a int not null, b int, unique (a, b))
+  partition by range (a, b);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (1) to (1000);
+DROP TABLE idxpart, idxpart1;
+
+-- Multi-layer partitioning works correctly in this case:
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, primary key (a, b)) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (1000) partition by range (b);
+create table idxpart21 partition of idxpart2 for values from (0) to (1000);
+select conname, contype, conrelid::regclass, conindid::regclass, conkey
+  from pg_constraint where conrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by conname;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- If a partitioned table has a unique/PK constraint, then it's not possible
+-- to drop the corresponding constraint in the children; nor it's possible
+-- to drop the indexes individually.  Dropping the constraint in the parent
+-- gets rid of the lot.
+create table idxpart (i int) partition by hash (i);
+create table idxpart0 partition of idxpart (i) for values with (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart (i) for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+alter table idxpart0 add primary key(i);
+alter table idxpart add primary key(i);
+select indrelid::regclass, indexrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass, indisvalid,
+  conname, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit, convalidated
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  left join pg_constraint con on (idx.indexrelid = con.conindid)
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+drop index idxpart0_pkey;								-- fail
+drop index idxpart1_pkey;								-- fail
+alter table idxpart0 drop constraint idxpart0_pkey;		-- fail
+alter table idxpart1 drop constraint idxpart1_pkey;		-- fail
+alter table idxpart drop constraint idxpart_pkey;		-- ok
+select indrelid::regclass, indexrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass, indisvalid,
+  conname, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit, convalidated
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  left join pg_constraint con on (idx.indexrelid = con.conindid)
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- If the partition to be attached already has a primary key, fail if
+-- it doesn't match the parent's PK.
+CREATE TABLE idxpart (c1 INT PRIMARY KEY, c2 INT, c3 VARCHAR(10)) PARTITION BY RANGE(c1);
+CREATE TABLE idxpart1 (LIKE idxpart);
+ALTER TABLE idxpart1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2);
+ALTER TABLE idxpart ATTACH PARTITION idxpart1 FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+DROP TABLE idxpart, idxpart1;
+
+-- Ditto if there is some distance between the PKs (subpartitioning)
+create table idxpart (a int, b int, primary key (a)) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (a int not null, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart11 (a int not null, b int primary key);
+alter table idxpart1 attach partition idxpart11 for values from (0) to (1000);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (0) to (10000);
+drop table idxpart, idxpart1, idxpart11;
+
+-- If a partitioned table has a constraint whose index is not valid,
+-- attaching a missing partition makes it valid.
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart0 (like idxpart);
+alter table idxpart0 add primary key (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart0 for values from (0) to (1000);
+alter table only idxpart add primary key (a);
+select indrelid::regclass, indexrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass, indisvalid,
+  conname, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit, convalidated
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  left join pg_constraint con on (idx.indexrelid = con.conindid)
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+alter index idxpart_pkey attach partition idxpart0_pkey;
+select indrelid::regclass, indexrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass, indisvalid,
+  conname, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit, convalidated
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  left join pg_constraint con on (idx.indexrelid = con.conindid)
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Related to the above scenario: ADD PRIMARY KEY on the parent mustn't
+-- automatically propagate NOT NULL to child columns.
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart0 (like idxpart);
+alter table idxpart0 add unique (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart0 default;
+alter table only idxpart add primary key (a);  -- fail, no NOT NULL constraint
+alter table idxpart0 alter column a set not null;
+alter table only idxpart add primary key (a);  -- now it works
+alter table idxpart0 alter column a drop not null;  -- fail, pkey needs it
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- if a partition has a unique index without a constraint, does not attach
+-- automatically; creates a new index instead.
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (a int not null, b int);
+create unique index on idxpart1 (a);
+alter table idxpart add primary key (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (1) to (1000);
+select indrelid::regclass, indexrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass, indisvalid,
+  conname, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit, convalidated
+  from pg_index idx left join pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  left join pg_constraint con on (idx.indexrelid = con.conindid)
+  where indrelid::regclass::text like 'idxpart%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Can't attach an index without a corresponding constraint
+create table idxpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 (a int not null, b int);
+create unique index on idxpart1 (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart1 for values from (1) to (1000);
+alter table only idxpart add primary key (a);
+alter index idxpart_pkey attach partition idxpart1_a_idx;	-- fail
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- Test that unique constraints are working
+create table idxpart (a int, b text, primary key (a, b)) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (100000);
+create table idxpart2 (c int, like idxpart);
+insert into idxpart2 (c, a, b) values (42, 572814, 'inserted first');
+alter table idxpart2 drop column c;
+create unique index on idxpart (a);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart2 for values from (100000) to (1000000);
+insert into idxpart values (0, 'zero'), (42, 'life'), (2^16, 'sixteen');
+insert into idxpart select 2^g, format('two to power of %s', g) from generate_series(15, 17) g;
+insert into idxpart values (16, 'sixteen');
+insert into idxpart (b, a) values ('one', 142857), ('two', 285714);
+insert into idxpart select a * 2, b || b from idxpart where a between 2^16 and 2^19;
+insert into idxpart values (572814, 'five');
+insert into idxpart values (857142, 'six');
+select tableoid::regclass, * from idxpart order by a;
+drop table idxpart;
+
+-- intentionally leave some objects around
+create table idxpart (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart1 partition of idxpart for values from (0) to (100);
+create table idxpart2 partition of idxpart for values from (100) to (1000)
+  partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart21 partition of idxpart2 for values from (100) to (200);
+create table idxpart22 partition of idxpart2 for values from (200) to (300);
+create index on idxpart22 (a);
+create index on only idxpart2 (a);
+alter index idxpart2_a_idx attach partition idxpart22_a_idx;
+create index on idxpart (a);
+create table idxpart_another (a int, b int, primary key (a, b)) partition by range (a);
+create table idxpart_another_1 partition of idxpart_another for values from (0) to (100);
+create table idxpart3 (c int, b int, a int) partition by range (a);
+alter table idxpart3 drop column b, drop column c;
+create table idxpart31 partition of idxpart3 for values from (1000) to (1200);
+create table idxpart32 partition of idxpart3 for values from (1200) to (1400);
+alter table idxpart attach partition idxpart3 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+
+-- More objects intentionally left behind, to verify some pg_dump/pg_upgrade
+-- behavior; see https://postgr.es/m/20190321204928.GA17535@alvherre.pgsql
+create schema regress_indexing;
+set search_path to regress_indexing;
+create table pk (a int primary key) partition by range (a);
+create table pk1 partition of pk for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table pk2 (b int, a int);
+alter table pk2 drop column b;
+alter table pk2 alter a set not null;
+alter table pk attach partition pk2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table pk3 partition of pk for values from (2000) to (3000);
+create table pk4 (like pk);
+alter table pk attach partition pk4 for values from (3000) to (4000);
+create table pk5 (like pk) partition by range (a);
+create table pk51 partition of pk5 for values from (4000) to (4500);
+create table pk52 partition of pk5 for values from (4500) to (5000);
+alter table pk attach partition pk5 for values from (4000) to (5000);
+reset search_path;
+
+-- Test that covering partitioned indexes work in various cases
+create table covidxpart (a int, b int) partition by list (a);
+create unique index on covidxpart (a) include (b);
+create table covidxpart1 partition of covidxpart for values in (1);
+create table covidxpart2 partition of covidxpart for values in (2);
+insert into covidxpart values (1, 1);
+insert into covidxpart values (1, 1);
+create table covidxpart3 (b int, c int, a int);
+alter table covidxpart3 drop c;
+alter table covidxpart attach partition covidxpart3 for values in (3);
+insert into covidxpart values (3, 1);
+insert into covidxpart values (3, 1);
+create table covidxpart4 (b int, a int);
+create unique index on covidxpart4 (a) include (b);
+create unique index on covidxpart4 (a);
+alter table covidxpart attach partition covidxpart4 for values in (4);
+insert into covidxpart values (4, 1);
+insert into covidxpart values (4, 1);
+create unique index on covidxpart (b) include (a); -- should fail
+
+-- check that detaching a partition also detaches the primary key constraint
+create table parted_pk_detach_test (a int primary key) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_pk_detach_test1 partition of parted_pk_detach_test for values in (1);
+alter table parted_pk_detach_test1 drop constraint parted_pk_detach_test1_pkey;	-- should fail
+alter table parted_pk_detach_test detach partition parted_pk_detach_test1;
+alter table parted_pk_detach_test1 drop constraint parted_pk_detach_test1_pkey;
+drop table parted_pk_detach_test, parted_pk_detach_test1;
+create table parted_uniq_detach_test (a int unique) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_uniq_detach_test1 partition of parted_uniq_detach_test for values in (1);
+alter table parted_uniq_detach_test1 drop constraint parted_uniq_detach_test1_a_key;	-- should fail
+alter table parted_uniq_detach_test detach partition parted_uniq_detach_test1;
+alter table parted_uniq_detach_test1 drop constraint parted_uniq_detach_test1_a_key;
+drop table parted_uniq_detach_test, parted_uniq_detach_test1;
+
+-- check that dropping a column takes with it any partitioned indexes
+-- depending on it.
+create table parted_index_col_drop(a int, b int, c int)
+  partition by list (a);
+create table parted_index_col_drop1 partition of parted_index_col_drop
+  for values in (1) partition by list (a);
+-- leave this partition without children.
+create table parted_index_col_drop2 partition of parted_index_col_drop
+  for values in (2) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_index_col_drop11 partition of parted_index_col_drop1
+  for values in (1);
+create index on parted_index_col_drop (b);
+create index on parted_index_col_drop (c);
+create index on parted_index_col_drop (b, c);
+alter table parted_index_col_drop drop column c;
+\d parted_index_col_drop
+\d parted_index_col_drop1
+\d parted_index_col_drop2
+\d parted_index_col_drop11
+drop table parted_index_col_drop;
+
+-- Check that invalid indexes are not selected when attaching a partition.
+create table parted_inval_tab (a int) partition by range (a);
+create index parted_inval_idx on parted_inval_tab (a);
+create table parted_inval_tab_1 (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_inval_tab_1_1 partition of parted_inval_tab_1
+  for values from (0) to (10);
+create table parted_inval_tab_1_2 partition of parted_inval_tab_1
+  for values from (10) to (20);
+-- this creates an invalid index.
+create index parted_inval_ixd_1 on only parted_inval_tab_1 (a);
+-- this creates new indexes for all the partitions of parted_inval_tab_1,
+-- discarding the invalid index created previously as what is chosen.
+alter table parted_inval_tab attach partition parted_inval_tab_1
+  for values from (1) to (100);
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisvalid,
+       indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join
+       pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'parted_inval%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+drop table parted_inval_tab;
+
+-- Check setup of indisvalid across a complex partition tree on index
+-- creation.  If one index in a partition index is invalid, so should its
+-- partitioned index.
+create table parted_isvalid_tab (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_isvalid_tab_1 partition of parted_isvalid_tab
+  for values from (1) to (10) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_isvalid_tab_2 partition of parted_isvalid_tab
+  for values from (10) to (20) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_isvalid_tab_11 partition of parted_isvalid_tab_1
+  for values from (1) to (5);
+create table parted_isvalid_tab_12 partition of parted_isvalid_tab_1
+  for values from (5) to (10);
+-- create an invalid index on one of the partitions.
+insert into parted_isvalid_tab_11 values (1, 0);
+create index concurrently parted_isvalid_idx_11 on parted_isvalid_tab_11 ((a/b));
+-- The previous invalid index is selected, invalidating all the indexes up to
+-- the top-most parent.
+create index parted_isvalid_idx on parted_isvalid_tab ((a/b));
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisvalid,
+       indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join
+       pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'parted_isvalid%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+drop table parted_isvalid_tab;
+
+-- Check state of replica indexes when attaching a partition.
+begin;
+create table parted_replica_tab (id int not null) partition by range (id);
+create table parted_replica_tab_1 partition of parted_replica_tab
+  for values from (1) to (10) partition by range (id);
+create table parted_replica_tab_11 partition of parted_replica_tab_1
+  for values from (1) to (5);
+create unique index parted_replica_idx
+  on only parted_replica_tab using btree (id);
+create unique index parted_replica_idx_1
+  on only parted_replica_tab_1 using btree (id);
+-- This triggers an update of pg_index.indisreplident for parted_replica_idx.
+alter table only parted_replica_tab_1 replica identity
+  using index parted_replica_idx_1;
+create unique index parted_replica_idx_11 on parted_replica_tab_11 USING btree (id);
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisvalid, indisreplident,
+       indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join
+       pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'parted_replica%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+-- parted_replica_idx is not valid yet here, because parted_replica_idx_1
+-- is not valid.
+alter index parted_replica_idx ATTACH PARTITION parted_replica_idx_1;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisvalid, indisreplident,
+       indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join
+       pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'parted_replica%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+-- parted_replica_idx becomes valid here.
+alter index parted_replica_idx_1 ATTACH PARTITION parted_replica_idx_11;
+alter table only parted_replica_tab_1 replica identity
+  using index parted_replica_idx_1;
+commit;
+select indexrelid::regclass, indisvalid, indisreplident,
+       indrelid::regclass, inhparent::regclass
+  from pg_index idx left join
+       pg_inherits inh on (idx.indexrelid = inh.inhrelid)
+  where indexrelid::regclass::text like 'parted_replica%'
+  order by indexrelid::regclass::text collate "C";
+drop table parted_replica_tab;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/indirect_toast.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/indirect_toast.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e2f6c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/indirect_toast.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+--
+-- Tests for external toast datums
+--
+
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+CREATE FUNCTION make_tuple_indirect (record)
+        RETURNS record
+        AS :'regresslib'
+        LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+
+-- Other compression algorithms may cause the compressed data to be stored
+-- inline.  pglz guarantees that the data is externalized, so stick to it.
+SET default_toast_compression = 'pglz';
+
+CREATE TABLE indtoasttest(descr text, cnt int DEFAULT 0, f1 text, f2 text);
+
+INSERT INTO indtoasttest(descr, f1, f2) VALUES('two-compressed', repeat('1234567890',1000), repeat('1234567890',1000));
+INSERT INTO indtoasttest(descr, f1, f2) VALUES('two-toasted', repeat('1234567890',30000), repeat('1234567890',50000));
+INSERT INTO indtoasttest(descr, f1, f2) VALUES('one-compressed,one-null', NULL, repeat('1234567890',1000));
+INSERT INTO indtoasttest(descr, f1, f2) VALUES('one-toasted,one-null', NULL, repeat('1234567890',50000));
+
+-- check whether indirect tuples works on the most basic level
+SELECT descr, substring(make_tuple_indirect(indtoasttest)::text, 1, 200) FROM indtoasttest;
+
+-- modification without changing varlenas
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1 RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+
+-- modification without modifying assigned value
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = f1 RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+
+-- modification modifying, but effectively not changing
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = f1||'' RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = '-'||f1||'-' RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+
+SELECT substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200) FROM indtoasttest;
+-- check we didn't screw with main/toast tuple visibility
+VACUUM FREEZE indtoasttest;
+SELECT substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200) FROM indtoasttest;
+
+-- now create a trigger that forces all Datums to be indirect ones
+CREATE FUNCTION update_using_indirect()
+        RETURNS trigger
+        LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+    NEW := make_tuple_indirect(NEW);
+    RETURN NEW;
+END$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER indtoasttest_update_indirect
+        BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE
+        ON indtoasttest
+        FOR EACH ROW
+        EXECUTE PROCEDURE update_using_indirect();
+
+-- modification without changing varlenas
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1 RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+
+-- modification without modifying assigned value
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = f1 RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+
+-- modification modifying, but effectively not changing
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = f1||'' RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+
+UPDATE indtoasttest SET cnt = cnt +1, f1 = '-'||f1||'-' RETURNING substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200);
+
+INSERT INTO indtoasttest(descr, f1, f2) VALUES('one-toasted,one-null, via indirect', repeat('1234567890',30000), NULL);
+
+SELECT substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200) FROM indtoasttest;
+-- check we didn't screw with main/toast tuple visibility
+VACUUM FREEZE indtoasttest;
+SELECT substring(indtoasttest::text, 1, 200) FROM indtoasttest;
+
+DROP TABLE indtoasttest;
+DROP FUNCTION update_using_indirect();
+
+RESET default_toast_compression;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/inet.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/inet.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2ac85b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/inet.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+--
+-- INET
+--
+
+-- prepare the table...
+
+DROP TABLE INET_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE INET_TBL (c cidr, i inet);
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.226/24');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1.0/26', '192.168.1.226');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.0/24');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.0/25');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.255/24');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.255/25');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '10.1.2.3/8');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.0.0.0', '10.1.2.3/8');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.1.2.3', '10.1.2.3/32');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.1.2', '10.1.2.3/24');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.1', '10.1.2.3/16');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '10.1.2.3/8');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '11.1.2.3/8');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '9.1.2.3/8');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10:23::f1', '10:23::f1/64');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10:23::8000/113', '10:23::ffff');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('::ffff:1.2.3.4', '::4.3.2.1/24');
+-- check that CIDR rejects invalid input:
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1.2/30', '192.168.1.226');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('1234::1234::1234', '::1.2.3.4');
+-- check that CIDR rejects invalid input when converting from text:
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES (cidr('192.168.1.2/30'), '192.168.1.226');
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES (cidr('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::/24'), '::192.168.1.226');
+SELECT c AS cidr, i AS inet FROM INET_TBL;
+
+-- now test some support functions
+
+SELECT i AS inet, host(i), text(i), family(i) FROM INET_TBL;
+SELECT c AS cidr, abbrev(c) FROM INET_TBL;
+SELECT c AS cidr, broadcast(c),
+  i AS inet, broadcast(i) FROM INET_TBL;
+SELECT c AS cidr, network(c) AS "network(cidr)",
+  i AS inet, network(i) AS "network(inet)" FROM INET_TBL;
+SELECT c AS cidr, masklen(c) AS "masklen(cidr)",
+  i AS inet, masklen(i) AS "masklen(inet)" FROM INET_TBL;
+
+SELECT c AS cidr, masklen(c) AS "masklen(cidr)",
+  i AS inet, masklen(i) AS "masklen(inet)" FROM INET_TBL
+  WHERE masklen(c) <= 8;
+
+SELECT c AS cidr, i AS inet FROM INET_TBL
+  WHERE c = i;
+
+SELECT i, c,
+  i < c AS lt, i <= c AS le, i = c AS eq,
+  i >= c AS ge, i > c AS gt, i <> c AS ne,
+  i << c AS sb, i <<= c AS sbe,
+  i >> c AS sup, i >>= c AS spe,
+  i && c AS ovr
+  FROM INET_TBL;
+
+SELECT max(i) AS max, min(i) AS min FROM INET_TBL;
+SELECT max(c) AS max, min(c) AS min FROM INET_TBL;
+
+-- check the conversion to/from text and set_netmask
+SELECT set_masklen(inet(text(i)), 24) FROM INET_TBL;
+
+-- check that btree index works correctly
+CREATE INDEX inet_idx1 ON inet_tbl(i);
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i<<'192.168.1.0/24'::cidr;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i<<'192.168.1.0/24'::cidr;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i<<='192.168.1.0/24'::cidr;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i<<='192.168.1.0/24'::cidr;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr >>= i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr >>= i;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr >> i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr >> i;
+SET enable_seqscan TO on;
+DROP INDEX inet_idx1;
+
+-- check that gist index works correctly
+CREATE INDEX inet_idx2 ON inet_tbl using gist (i inet_ops);
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <<= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i && '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >>= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i < '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i = '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i > '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+
+-- test index-only scans
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+
+SET enable_seqscan TO on;
+DROP INDEX inet_idx2;
+
+-- check that spgist index works correctly
+CREATE INDEX inet_idx3 ON inet_tbl using spgist (i);
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <<= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i && '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >>= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i < '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i = '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i > '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+
+-- test index-only scans
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+SELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;
+
+SET enable_seqscan TO on;
+DROP INDEX inet_idx3;
+
+-- simple tests of inet boolean and arithmetic operators
+SELECT i, ~i AS "~i" FROM inet_tbl;
+SELECT i, c, i & c AS "and" FROM inet_tbl;
+SELECT i, c, i | c AS "or" FROM inet_tbl;
+SELECT i, i + 500 AS "i+500" FROM inet_tbl;
+SELECT i, i - 500 AS "i-500" FROM inet_tbl;
+SELECT i, c, i - c AS "minus" FROM inet_tbl;
+SELECT '127.0.0.1'::inet + 257;
+SELECT ('127.0.0.1'::inet + 257) - 257;
+SELECT '127::1'::inet + 257;
+SELECT ('127::1'::inet + 257) - 257;
+SELECT '127.0.0.2'::inet  - ('127.0.0.2'::inet + 500);
+SELECT '127.0.0.2'::inet  - ('127.0.0.2'::inet - 500);
+SELECT '127::2'::inet  - ('127::2'::inet + 500);
+SELECT '127::2'::inet  - ('127::2'::inet - 500);
+-- these should give overflow errors:
+SELECT '127.0.0.1'::inet + 10000000000;
+SELECT '127.0.0.1'::inet - 10000000000;
+SELECT '126::1'::inet - '127::2'::inet;
+SELECT '127::1'::inet - '126::2'::inet;
+-- but not these
+SELECT '127::1'::inet + 10000000000;
+SELECT '127::1'::inet - '127::2'::inet;
+
+-- insert one more row with addressed from different families
+INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '10::/8');
+-- now, this one should fail
+SELECT inet_merge(c, i) FROM INET_TBL;
+-- fix it by inet_same_family() condition
+SELECT inet_merge(c, i) FROM INET_TBL WHERE inet_same_family(c, i);
+
+-- Test inet sortsupport with a variety of boundary inputs:
+SELECT a FROM (VALUES
+  ('0.0.0.0/0'::inet),
+  ('0.0.0.0/1'::inet),
+  ('0.0.0.0/32'::inet),
+  ('0.0.0.1/0'::inet),
+  ('0.0.0.1/1'::inet),
+  ('127.126.127.127/0'::inet),
+  ('127.127.127.127/0'::inet),
+  ('127.128.127.127/0'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.0/24'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.0/25'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.1/23'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.1/5'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.1/6'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.1/25'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.2/25'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.1/26'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.2/26'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.2/23'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.255/5'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.255/6'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.3/1'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.3/23'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.4/0'::inet),
+  ('192.168.1.5/0'::inet),
+  ('255.0.0.0/0'::inet),
+  ('255.1.0.0/0'::inet),
+  ('255.2.0.0/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.000.000/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.000.000/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.000.000/15'::inet),
+  ('255.255.000.000/16'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.254/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.000/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.001/31'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.002/31'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.003/31'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.003/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.001/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/0'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/1'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/16'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/16'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/31'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.255/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.253/32'::inet),
+  ('255.255.255.252/32'::inet),
+  ('255.3.0.0/0'::inet),
+  ('0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/0'::inet),
+  ('0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/128'::inet),
+  ('0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001/128'::inet),
+  ('10:23::f1/64'::inet),
+  ('10:23::f1/65'::inet),
+  ('10:23::ffff'::inet),
+  ('127::1'::inet),
+  ('127::2'::inet),
+  ('8000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/1'::inet),
+  ('::1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128'::inet),
+  ('::2:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128'::inet),
+  ('::4:3:2:0/24'::inet),
+  ('::4:3:2:1/24'::inet),
+  ('::4:3:2:2/24'::inet),
+  ('ffff:83e7:f118:57dc:6093:6d92:689d:58cf/70'::inet),
+  ('ffff:84b0:4775:536e:c3ed:7116:a6d6:34f0/44'::inet),
+  ('ffff:8566:f84:5867:47f1:7867:d2ba:8a1a/69'::inet),
+  ('ffff:8883:f028:7d2:4d68:d510:7d6b:ac43/73'::inet),
+  ('ffff:8ae8:7c14:65b3:196:8e4a:89ae:fb30/89'::inet),
+  ('ffff:8dd0:646:694c:7c16:7e35:6a26:171/104'::inet),
+  ('ffff:8eef:cbf:700:eda3:ae32:f4b4:318b/121'::inet),
+  ('ffff:90e7:e744:664:a93:8efe:1f25:7663/122'::inet),
+  ('ffff:9597:c69c:8b24:57a:8639:ec78:6026/111'::inet),
+  ('ffff:9e86:79ea:f16e:df31:8e4d:7783:532e/88'::inet),
+  ('ffff:a0c7:82d3:24de:f762:6e1f:316d:3fb2/23'::inet),
+  ('ffff:fffa:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:fffb:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:fffc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:fffd:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:fffe:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffa:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffb:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffd::/128'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffd:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe::/128'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:4:3:2:0/24'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:4:3:2:1/24'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:4:3:2:2/24'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/0'::inet),
+  ('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128'::inet)
+) AS i(a) ORDER BY a;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/infinite_recurse.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/infinite_recurse.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..151dba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/infinite_recurse.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-- Check that stack depth detection mechanism works and
+-- max_stack_depth is not set too high.
+
+create function infinite_recurse() returns int as
+'select infinite_recurse()' language sql;
+
+-- Unfortunately, up till mid 2020 the Linux kernel had a bug in PPC64
+-- signal handling that would cause this test to crash if it happened
+-- to receive an sinval catchup interrupt while the stack is deep:
+-- https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=205183
+-- It is likely to be many years before that bug disappears from all
+-- production kernels, so disable this test on such platforms.
+-- (We still create the function, so as not to have a cross-platform
+-- difference in the end state of the regression database.)
+
+SELECT version() ~ 'powerpc64[^,]*-linux-gnu'
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+
+-- The full error report is not very stable, so we show only SQLSTATE
+-- and primary error message.
+
+\set VERBOSITY sqlstate
+
+select infinite_recurse();
+
+\echo :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/inherit.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/inherit.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76ea197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/inherit.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1072 @@
+--
+-- Test inheritance features
+--
+CREATE TABLE a (aa TEXT);
+CREATE TABLE b (bb TEXT) INHERITS (a);
+CREATE TABLE c (cc TEXT) INHERITS (a);
+CREATE TABLE d (dd TEXT) INHERITS (b,c,a);
+
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaa');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaa');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaa');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaaa');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaaaa');
+
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbb');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbb');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbb');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbbb');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbbbb');
+
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccc');
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccc');
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccccc');
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccccc');
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccccccc');
+INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccccccc');
+
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddd');
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddd');
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddddd');
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddddd');
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddddddd');
+INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddddddd');
+
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+
+UPDATE a SET aa='zzzz' WHERE aa='aaaa';
+UPDATE ONLY a SET aa='zzzzz' WHERE aa='aaaaa';
+UPDATE b SET aa='zzz' WHERE aa='aaa';
+UPDATE ONLY b SET aa='zzz' WHERE aa='aaa';
+UPDATE a SET aa='zzzzzz' WHERE aa LIKE 'aaa%';
+
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+
+UPDATE b SET aa='new';
+
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+
+UPDATE a SET aa='new';
+
+DELETE FROM ONLY c WHERE aa='new';
+
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+
+DELETE FROM a;
+
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
+
+-- Confirm PRIMARY KEY adds NOT NULL constraint to child table
+CREATE TEMP TABLE z (b TEXT, PRIMARY KEY(aa, b)) inherits (a);
+INSERT INTO z VALUES (NULL, 'text'); -- should fail
+
+-- Check inherited UPDATE with first child excluded
+create table some_tab (f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, check (f1 < 10) no inherit);
+create table some_tab_child () inherits(some_tab);
+insert into some_tab_child select i, i+1, 0 from generate_series(1,1000) i;
+create index on some_tab_child(f1, f2);
+-- while at it, also check that statement-level triggers fire
+create function some_tab_stmt_trig_func() returns trigger as
+$$begin raise notice 'updating some_tab'; return NULL; end;$$
+language plpgsql;
+create trigger some_tab_stmt_trig
+  before update on some_tab execute function some_tab_stmt_trig_func();
+
+explain (costs off)
+update some_tab set f3 = 11 where f1 = 12 and f2 = 13;
+update some_tab set f3 = 11 where f1 = 12 and f2 = 13;
+
+drop table some_tab cascade;
+drop function some_tab_stmt_trig_func();
+
+-- Check inherited UPDATE with all children excluded
+create table some_tab (a int, b int);
+create table some_tab_child () inherits (some_tab);
+insert into some_tab_child values(1,2);
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false;
+update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false returning b, a;
+update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false returning b, a;
+table some_tab;
+
+drop table some_tab cascade;
+
+-- Check UPDATE with inherited target and an inherited source table
+create temp table foo(f1 int, f2 int);
+create temp table foo2(f3 int) inherits (foo);
+create temp table bar(f1 int, f2 int);
+create temp table bar2(f3 int) inherits (bar);
+
+insert into foo values(1,1);
+insert into foo values(3,3);
+insert into foo2 values(2,2,2);
+insert into foo2 values(3,3,3);
+insert into bar values(1,1);
+insert into bar values(2,2);
+insert into bar values(3,3);
+insert into bar values(4,4);
+insert into bar2 values(1,1,1);
+insert into bar2 values(2,2,2);
+insert into bar2 values(3,3,3);
+insert into bar2 values(4,4,4);
+
+update bar set f2 = f2 + 100 where f1 in (select f1 from foo);
+
+select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, bar.* from bar order by 1,2;
+
+-- Check UPDATE with inherited target and an appendrel subquery
+update bar set f2 = f2 + 100
+from
+  ( select f1 from foo union all select f1+3 from foo ) ss
+where bar.f1 = ss.f1;
+
+select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, bar.* from bar order by 1,2;
+
+-- Check UPDATE with *partitioned* inherited target and an appendrel subquery
+create table some_tab (a int);
+insert into some_tab values (0);
+create table some_tab_child () inherits (some_tab);
+insert into some_tab_child values (1);
+create table parted_tab (a int, b char) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_tab_part1 partition of parted_tab for values in (1);
+create table parted_tab_part2 partition of parted_tab for values in (2);
+create table parted_tab_part3 partition of parted_tab for values in (3);
+insert into parted_tab values (1, 'a'), (2, 'a'), (3, 'a');
+
+update parted_tab set b = 'b'
+from
+  (select a from some_tab union all select a+1 from some_tab) ss (a)
+where parted_tab.a = ss.a;
+select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, parted_tab.* from parted_tab order by 1,2;
+
+truncate parted_tab;
+insert into parted_tab values (1, 'a'), (2, 'a'), (3, 'a');
+update parted_tab set b = 'b'
+from
+  (select 0 from parted_tab union all select 1 from parted_tab) ss (a)
+where parted_tab.a = ss.a;
+select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, parted_tab.* from parted_tab order by 1,2;
+
+-- modifies partition key, but no rows will actually be updated
+explain update parted_tab set a = 2 where false;
+
+drop table parted_tab;
+
+-- Check UPDATE with multi-level partitioned inherited target
+create table mlparted_tab (a int, b char, c text) partition by list (a);
+create table mlparted_tab_part1 partition of mlparted_tab for values in (1);
+create table mlparted_tab_part2 partition of mlparted_tab for values in (2) partition by list (b);
+create table mlparted_tab_part3 partition of mlparted_tab for values in (3);
+create table mlparted_tab_part2a partition of mlparted_tab_part2 for values in ('a');
+create table mlparted_tab_part2b partition of mlparted_tab_part2 for values in ('b');
+insert into mlparted_tab values (1, 'a'), (2, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'a');
+
+update mlparted_tab mlp set c = 'xxx'
+from
+  (select a from some_tab union all select a+1 from some_tab) ss (a)
+where (mlp.a = ss.a and mlp.b = 'b') or mlp.a = 3;
+select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, mlparted_tab.* from mlparted_tab order by 1,2;
+
+drop table mlparted_tab;
+drop table some_tab cascade;
+
+/* Test multiple inheritance of column defaults */
+
+CREATE TABLE firstparent (tomorrow date default now()::date + 1);
+CREATE TABLE secondparent (tomorrow date default  now() :: date  +  1);
+CREATE TABLE jointchild () INHERITS (firstparent, secondparent);  -- ok
+CREATE TABLE thirdparent (tomorrow date default now()::date - 1);
+CREATE TABLE otherchild () INHERITS (firstparent, thirdparent);  -- not ok
+CREATE TABLE otherchild (tomorrow date default now())
+  INHERITS (firstparent, thirdparent);  -- ok, child resolves ambiguous default
+
+DROP TABLE firstparent, secondparent, jointchild, thirdparent, otherchild;
+
+-- Test changing the type of inherited columns
+insert into d values('test','one','two','three');
+alter table a alter column aa type integer using bit_length(aa);
+select * from d;
+
+-- The above verified that we can change the type of a multiply-inherited
+-- column; but we should reject that if any definition was inherited from
+-- an unrelated parent.
+create temp table parent1(f1 int, f2 int);
+create temp table parent2(f1 int, f3 bigint);
+create temp table childtab(f4 int) inherits(parent1, parent2);
+alter table parent1 alter column f1 type bigint;  -- fail, conflict w/parent2
+alter table parent1 alter column f2 type bigint;  -- ok
+
+-- Test non-inheritable parent constraints
+create table p1(ff1 int);
+alter table p1 add constraint p1chk check (ff1 > 0) no inherit;
+alter table p1 add constraint p2chk check (ff1 > 10);
+-- connoinherit should be true for NO INHERIT constraint
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.connoinherit from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname = 'p1' order by 1,2;
+
+-- Test that child does not inherit NO INHERIT constraints
+create table c1 () inherits (p1);
+\d p1
+\d c1
+
+-- Test that child does not override inheritable constraints of the parent
+create table c2 (constraint p2chk check (ff1 > 10) no inherit) inherits (p1);	--fails
+
+drop table p1 cascade;
+
+-- Tests for casting between the rowtypes of parent and child
+-- tables. See the pgsql-hackers thread beginning Dec. 4/04
+create table base (i integer);
+create table derived () inherits (base);
+create table more_derived (like derived, b int) inherits (derived);
+insert into derived (i) values (0);
+select derived::base from derived;
+select NULL::derived::base;
+-- remove redundant conversions.
+explain (verbose on, costs off) select row(i, b)::more_derived::derived::base from more_derived;
+explain (verbose on, costs off) select (1, 2)::more_derived::derived::base;
+drop table more_derived;
+drop table derived;
+drop table base;
+
+create table p1(ff1 int);
+create table p2(f1 text);
+create function p2text(p2) returns text as 'select $1.f1' language sql;
+create table c1(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
+insert into c1 values(123456789, 'hi', 42);
+select p2text(c1.*) from c1;
+drop function p2text(p2);
+drop table c1;
+drop table p2;
+drop table p1;
+
+CREATE TABLE ac (aa TEXT);
+alter table ac add constraint ac_check check (aa is not null);
+CREATE TABLE bc (bb TEXT) INHERITS (ac);
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+
+insert into ac (aa) values (NULL);
+insert into bc (aa) values (NULL);
+
+alter table bc drop constraint ac_check;  -- fail, disallowed
+alter table ac drop constraint ac_check;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+
+-- try the unnamed-constraint case
+alter table ac add check (aa is not null);
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+
+insert into ac (aa) values (NULL);
+insert into bc (aa) values (NULL);
+
+alter table bc drop constraint ac_aa_check;  -- fail, disallowed
+alter table ac drop constraint ac_aa_check;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+
+alter table ac add constraint ac_check check (aa is not null);
+alter table bc no inherit ac;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+alter table bc drop constraint ac_check;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+alter table ac drop constraint ac_check;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+
+drop table bc;
+drop table ac;
+
+create table ac (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0));
+create table bc (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0), b int constraint check_b check (b <> 0)) inherits (ac);
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
+
+drop table bc;
+drop table ac;
+
+create table ac (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0));
+create table bc (b int constraint check_b check (b <> 0));
+create table cc (c int constraint check_c check (c <> 0)) inherits (ac, bc);
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc', 'cc') order by 1,2;
+
+alter table cc no inherit bc;
+select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc', 'cc') order by 1,2;
+
+drop table cc;
+drop table bc;
+drop table ac;
+
+create table p1(f1 int);
+create table p2(f2 int);
+create table c1(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
+insert into c1 values(1,-1,2);
+alter table p2 add constraint cc check (f2>0);  -- fail
+alter table p2 add check (f2>0);  -- check it without a name, too
+delete from c1;
+insert into c1 values(1,1,2);
+alter table p2 add check (f2>0);
+insert into c1 values(1,-1,2);  -- fail
+create table c2(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
+\d c2
+create table c3 (f4 int) inherits(c1,c2);
+\d c3
+drop table p1 cascade;
+drop table p2 cascade;
+
+create table pp1 (f1 int);
+create table cc1 (f2 text, f3 int) inherits (pp1);
+alter table pp1 add column a1 int check (a1 > 0);
+\d cc1
+create table cc2(f4 float) inherits(pp1,cc1);
+\d cc2
+alter table pp1 add column a2 int check (a2 > 0);
+\d cc2
+drop table pp1 cascade;
+
+-- Test for renaming in simple multiple inheritance
+CREATE TABLE inht1 (a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE inhs1 (b int, c int);
+CREATE TABLE inhts (d int) INHERITS (inht1, inhs1);
+
+ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME a TO aa;
+ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME b TO bb;                -- to be failed
+ALTER TABLE inhts RENAME aa TO aaa;      -- to be failed
+ALTER TABLE inhts RENAME d TO dd;
+\d+ inhts
+
+DROP TABLE inhts;
+
+-- Test for renaming in diamond inheritance
+CREATE TABLE inht2 (x int) INHERITS (inht1);
+CREATE TABLE inht3 (y int) INHERITS (inht1);
+CREATE TABLE inht4 (z int) INHERITS (inht2, inht3);
+
+ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME aa TO aaa;
+\d+ inht4
+
+CREATE TABLE inhts (d int) INHERITS (inht2, inhs1);
+ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME aaa TO aaaa;
+ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME b TO bb;                -- to be failed
+\d+ inhts
+
+WITH RECURSIVE r AS (
+  SELECT 'inht1'::regclass AS inhrelid
+UNION ALL
+  SELECT c.inhrelid FROM pg_inherits c, r WHERE r.inhrelid = c.inhparent
+)
+SELECT a.attrelid::regclass, a.attname, a.attinhcount, e.expected
+  FROM (SELECT inhrelid, count(*) AS expected FROM pg_inherits
+        WHERE inhparent IN (SELECT inhrelid FROM r) GROUP BY inhrelid) e
+  JOIN pg_attribute a ON e.inhrelid = a.attrelid WHERE NOT attislocal
+  ORDER BY a.attrelid::regclass::name, a.attnum;
+
+DROP TABLE inht1, inhs1 CASCADE;
+
+
+-- Test non-inheritable indices [UNIQUE, EXCLUDE] constraints
+CREATE TABLE test_constraints (id int, val1 varchar, val2 int, UNIQUE(val1, val2));
+CREATE TABLE test_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_constraints);
+\d+ test_constraints
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_constraints_val1_val2_key;
+\d+ test_constraints
+\d+ test_constraints_inh
+DROP TABLE test_constraints_inh;
+DROP TABLE test_constraints;
+
+CREATE TABLE test_ex_constraints (
+    c circle,
+    EXCLUDE USING gist (c WITH &&)
+);
+CREATE TABLE test_ex_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_ex_constraints);
+\d+ test_ex_constraints
+ALTER TABLE test_ex_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_ex_constraints_c_excl;
+\d+ test_ex_constraints
+\d+ test_ex_constraints_inh
+DROP TABLE test_ex_constraints_inh;
+DROP TABLE test_ex_constraints;
+
+-- Test non-inheritable foreign key constraints
+CREATE TABLE test_primary_constraints(id int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE test_foreign_constraints(id1 int REFERENCES test_primary_constraints(id));
+CREATE TABLE test_foreign_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_foreign_constraints);
+\d+ test_primary_constraints
+\d+ test_foreign_constraints
+ALTER TABLE test_foreign_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_foreign_constraints_id1_fkey;
+\d+ test_foreign_constraints
+\d+ test_foreign_constraints_inh
+DROP TABLE test_foreign_constraints_inh;
+DROP TABLE test_foreign_constraints;
+DROP TABLE test_primary_constraints;
+
+-- Test foreign key behavior
+create table inh_fk_1 (a int primary key);
+insert into inh_fk_1 values (1), (2), (3);
+create table inh_fk_2 (x int primary key, y int references inh_fk_1 on delete cascade);
+insert into inh_fk_2 values (11, 1), (22, 2), (33, 3);
+create table inh_fk_2_child () inherits (inh_fk_2);
+insert into inh_fk_2_child values (111, 1), (222, 2);
+delete from inh_fk_1 where a = 1;
+select * from inh_fk_1 order by 1;
+select * from inh_fk_2 order by 1, 2;
+drop table inh_fk_1, inh_fk_2, inh_fk_2_child;
+
+-- Test that parent and child CHECK constraints can be created in either order
+create table p1(f1 int);
+create table p1_c1() inherits(p1);
+
+alter table p1 add constraint inh_check_constraint1 check (f1 > 0);
+alter table p1_c1 add constraint inh_check_constraint1 check (f1 > 0);
+
+alter table p1_c1 add constraint inh_check_constraint2 check (f1 < 10);
+alter table p1 add constraint inh_check_constraint2 check (f1 < 10);
+
+select conrelid::regclass::text as relname, conname, conislocal, coninhcount
+from pg_constraint where conname like 'inh\_check\_constraint%'
+order by 1, 2;
+
+drop table p1 cascade;
+
+-- Test that a valid child can have not-valid parent, but not vice versa
+create table invalid_check_con(f1 int);
+create table invalid_check_con_child() inherits(invalid_check_con);
+
+alter table invalid_check_con_child add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0) not valid;
+alter table invalid_check_con add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0); -- fail
+alter table invalid_check_con_child drop constraint inh_check_constraint;
+
+insert into invalid_check_con values(0);
+
+alter table invalid_check_con_child add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0);
+alter table invalid_check_con add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0) not valid;
+
+insert into invalid_check_con values(0); -- fail
+insert into invalid_check_con_child values(0); -- fail
+
+select conrelid::regclass::text as relname, conname,
+       convalidated, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit
+from pg_constraint where conname like 'inh\_check\_constraint%'
+order by 1, 2;
+
+-- We don't drop the invalid_check_con* tables, to test dump/reload with
+
+--
+-- Test parameterized append plans for inheritance trees
+--
+
+create temp table patest0 (id, x) as
+  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
+create temp table patest1() inherits (patest0);
+insert into patest1
+  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
+create temp table patest2() inherits (patest0);
+insert into patest2
+  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
+create index patest0i on patest0(id);
+create index patest1i on patest1(id);
+create index patest2i on patest2(id);
+analyze patest0;
+analyze patest1;
+analyze patest2;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
+select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
+
+drop index patest2i;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
+select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
+
+drop table patest0 cascade;
+
+--
+-- Test merge-append plans for inheritance trees
+--
+
+create table matest0 (id serial primary key, name text);
+create table matest1 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
+create table matest2 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
+create table matest3 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
+
+create index matest0i on matest0 ((1-id));
+create index matest1i on matest1 ((1-id));
+-- create index matest2i on matest2 ((1-id));  -- intentionally missing
+create index matest3i on matest3 ((1-id));
+
+insert into matest1 (name) values ('Test 1');
+insert into matest1 (name) values ('Test 2');
+insert into matest2 (name) values ('Test 3');
+insert into matest2 (name) values ('Test 4');
+insert into matest3 (name) values ('Test 5');
+insert into matest3 (name) values ('Test 6');
+
+set enable_indexscan = off;  -- force use of seqscan/sort, so no merge
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
+select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
+explain (verbose, costs off) select min(1-id) from matest0;
+select min(1-id) from matest0;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+
+set enable_seqscan = off;  -- plan with fewest seqscans should be merge
+set enable_parallel_append = off; -- Don't let parallel-append interfere
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
+select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
+explain (verbose, costs off) select min(1-id) from matest0;
+select min(1-id) from matest0;
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_parallel_append;
+
+drop table matest0 cascade;
+
+--
+-- Check that use of an index with an extraneous column doesn't produce
+-- a plan with extraneous sorting
+--
+
+create table matest0 (a int, b int, c int, d int);
+create table matest1 () inherits(matest0);
+create index matest0i on matest0 (b, c);
+create index matest1i on matest1 (b, c);
+
+set enable_nestloop = off;  -- we want a plan with two MergeAppends
+
+explain (costs off)
+select t1.* from matest0 t1, matest0 t2
+where t1.b = t2.b and t2.c = t2.d
+order by t1.b limit 10;
+
+reset enable_nestloop;
+
+drop table matest0 cascade;
+
+--
+-- Test merge-append for UNION ALL append relations
+--
+
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+set enable_indexscan = on;
+set enable_bitmapscan = off;
+
+-- Check handling of duplicated, constant, or volatile targetlist items
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+UNION ALL
+SELECT thousand, thousand FROM tenk1
+ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT thousand, tenthous, thousand+tenthous AS x FROM tenk1
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 42, 42, hundred FROM tenk1
+ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
+UNION ALL
+SELECT thousand, random()::integer FROM tenk1
+ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
+
+-- Check min/max aggregate optimization
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT min(x) FROM
+  (SELECT unique1 AS x FROM tenk1 a
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT unique2 AS x FROM tenk1 b) s;
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT min(y) FROM
+  (SELECT unique1 AS x, unique1 AS y FROM tenk1 a
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT unique2 AS x, unique2 AS y FROM tenk1 b) s;
+
+-- XXX planner doesn't recognize that index on unique2 is sufficiently sorted
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT x, y FROM
+  (SELECT thousand AS x, tenthous AS y FROM tenk1 a
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT unique2 AS x, unique2 AS y FROM tenk1 b) s
+ORDER BY x, y;
+
+-- exercise rescan code path via a repeatedly-evaluated subquery
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT
+    ARRAY(SELECT f.i FROM (
+        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(4, 30, 3) d ORDER BY 1)
+        UNION ALL
+        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(0, 30, 5) d ORDER BY 1)
+    ) f(i)
+    ORDER BY f.i LIMIT 10)
+FROM generate_series(1, 3) g(i);
+
+SELECT
+    ARRAY(SELECT f.i FROM (
+        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(4, 30, 3) d ORDER BY 1)
+        UNION ALL
+        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(0, 30, 5) d ORDER BY 1)
+    ) f(i)
+    ORDER BY f.i LIMIT 10)
+FROM generate_series(1, 3) g(i);
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+
+--
+-- Check handling of MULTIEXPR SubPlans in inherited updates
+--
+create table inhpar(f1 int, f2 name);
+create table inhcld(f2 name, f1 int);
+alter table inhcld inherit inhpar;
+insert into inhpar select x, x::text from generate_series(1,5) x;
+insert into inhcld select x::text, x from generate_series(6,10) x;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
+update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
+select * from inhpar;
+
+drop table inhpar cascade;
+
+--
+-- And the same for partitioned cases
+--
+create table inhpar(f1 int primary key, f2 name) partition by range (f1);
+create table inhcld1(f2 name, f1 int primary key);
+create table inhcld2(f1 int primary key, f2 name);
+alter table inhpar attach partition inhcld1 for values from (1) to (5);
+alter table inhpar attach partition inhcld2 for values from (5) to (100);
+insert into inhpar select x, x::text from generate_series(1,10) x;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
+update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
+select * from inhpar;
+
+-- Also check ON CONFLICT
+insert into inhpar as i values (3), (7) on conflict (f1)
+  do update set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '+');
+select * from inhpar order by f1;  -- tuple order might be unstable here
+
+drop table inhpar cascade;
+
+--
+-- Check handling of a constant-null CHECK constraint
+--
+create table cnullparent (f1 int);
+create table cnullchild (check (f1 = 1 or f1 = null)) inherits(cnullparent);
+insert into cnullchild values(1);
+insert into cnullchild values(2);
+insert into cnullchild values(null);
+select * from cnullparent;
+select * from cnullparent where f1 = 2;
+drop table cnullparent cascade;
+
+--
+-- Check use of temporary tables with inheritance trees
+--
+create table inh_perm_parent (a1 int);
+create temp table inh_temp_parent (a1 int);
+create temp table inh_temp_child () inherits (inh_perm_parent); -- ok
+create table inh_perm_child () inherits (inh_temp_parent); -- error
+create temp table inh_temp_child_2 () inherits (inh_temp_parent); -- ok
+insert into inh_perm_parent values (1);
+insert into inh_temp_parent values (2);
+insert into inh_temp_child values (3);
+insert into inh_temp_child_2 values (4);
+select tableoid::regclass, a1 from inh_perm_parent;
+select tableoid::regclass, a1 from inh_temp_parent;
+drop table inh_perm_parent cascade;
+drop table inh_temp_parent cascade;
+
+--
+-- Check that constraint exclusion works correctly with partitions using
+-- implicit constraints generated from the partition bound information.
+--
+create table list_parted (
+	a	varchar
+) partition by list (a);
+create table part_ab_cd partition of list_parted for values in ('ab', 'cd');
+create table part_ef_gh partition of list_parted for values in ('ef', 'gh');
+create table part_null_xy partition of list_parted for values in (null, 'xy');
+
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted;
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a is not null;
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a in ('ab', 'cd', 'ef');
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a = 'ab' or a in (null, 'cd');
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a = 'ab';
+
+create table range_list_parted (
+	a	int,
+	b	char(2)
+) partition by range (a);
+create table part_1_10 partition of range_list_parted for values from (1) to (10) partition by list (b);
+create table part_1_10_ab partition of part_1_10 for values in ('ab');
+create table part_1_10_cd partition of part_1_10 for values in ('cd');
+create table part_10_20 partition of range_list_parted for values from (10) to (20) partition by list (b);
+create table part_10_20_ab partition of part_10_20 for values in ('ab');
+create table part_10_20_cd partition of part_10_20 for values in ('cd');
+create table part_21_30 partition of range_list_parted for values from (21) to (30) partition by list (b);
+create table part_21_30_ab partition of part_21_30 for values in ('ab');
+create table part_21_30_cd partition of part_21_30 for values in ('cd');
+create table part_40_inf partition of range_list_parted for values from (40) to (maxvalue) partition by list (b);
+create table part_40_inf_ab partition of part_40_inf for values in ('ab');
+create table part_40_inf_cd partition of part_40_inf for values in ('cd');
+create table part_40_inf_null partition of part_40_inf for values in (null);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted;
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a = 5;
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where b = 'ab';
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a between 3 and 23 and b in ('ab');
+
+/* Should select no rows because range partition key cannot be null */
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a is null;
+
+/* Should only select rows from the null-accepting partition */
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where b is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a is not null and a < 67;
+explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a >= 30;
+
+drop table list_parted;
+drop table range_list_parted;
+
+-- check that constraint exclusion is able to cope with the partition
+-- constraint emitted for multi-column range partitioned tables
+create table mcrparted (a int, b int, c int) partition by range (a, abs(b), c);
+create table mcrparted_def partition of mcrparted default;
+create table mcrparted0 partition of mcrparted for values from (minvalue, minvalue, minvalue) to (1, 1, 1);
+create table mcrparted1 partition of mcrparted for values from (1, 1, 1) to (10, 5, 10);
+create table mcrparted2 partition of mcrparted for values from (10, 5, 10) to (10, 10, 10);
+create table mcrparted3 partition of mcrparted for values from (11, 1, 1) to (20, 10, 10);
+create table mcrparted4 partition of mcrparted for values from (20, 10, 10) to (20, 20, 20);
+create table mcrparted5 partition of mcrparted for values from (20, 20, 20) to (maxvalue, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 0;	-- scans mcrparted0, mcrparted_def
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 10 and abs(b) < 5;	-- scans mcrparted1, mcrparted_def
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 10 and abs(b) = 5;	-- scans mcrparted1, mcrparted2, mcrparted_def
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where abs(b) = 5;	-- scans all partitions
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a > -1;	-- scans all partitions
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 20 and abs(b) = 10 and c > 10;	-- scans mcrparted4
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 20 and c > 20; -- scans mcrparted3, mcrparte4, mcrparte5, mcrparted_def
+
+-- check that partitioned table Appends cope with being referenced in
+-- subplans
+create table parted_minmax (a int, b varchar(16)) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_minmax1 partition of parted_minmax for values from (1) to (10);
+create index parted_minmax1i on parted_minmax1 (a, b);
+insert into parted_minmax values (1,'12345');
+explain (costs off) select min(a), max(a) from parted_minmax where b = '12345';
+select min(a), max(a) from parted_minmax where b = '12345';
+drop table parted_minmax;
+
+-- Test code that uses Append nodes in place of MergeAppend when the
+-- partition ordering matches the desired ordering.
+
+create index mcrparted_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted (a, abs(b), c);
+
+-- MergeAppend must be used when a default partition exists
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
+
+drop table mcrparted_def;
+
+-- Append is used for a RANGE partitioned table with no default
+-- and no subpartitions
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
+
+-- Append is used with subpaths in reverse order with backwards index scans
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a desc, abs(b) desc, c desc;
+
+-- check that Append plan is used containing a MergeAppend for sub-partitions
+-- that are unordered.
+drop table mcrparted5;
+create table mcrparted5 partition of mcrparted for values from (20, 20, 20) to (maxvalue, maxvalue, maxvalue) partition by list (a);
+create table mcrparted5a partition of mcrparted5 for values in(20);
+create table mcrparted5_def partition of mcrparted5 default;
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
+
+drop table mcrparted5_def;
+
+-- check that an Append plan is used and the sub-partitions are flattened
+-- into the main Append when the sub-partition is unordered but contains
+-- just a single sub-partition.
+explain (costs off) select a, abs(b) from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
+
+-- check that Append is used when the sub-partitioned tables are pruned
+-- during planning.
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a < 20 order by a, abs(b), c;
+
+set enable_bitmapscan to off;
+set enable_sort to off;
+create table mclparted (a int) partition by list(a);
+create table mclparted1 partition of mclparted for values in(1);
+create table mclparted2 partition of mclparted for values in(2);
+create index on mclparted (a);
+
+-- Ensure an Append is used for a list partition with an order by.
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted order by a;
+
+-- Ensure a MergeAppend is used when a partition exists with interleaved
+-- datums in the partition bound.
+create table mclparted3_5 partition of mclparted for values in(3,5);
+create table mclparted4 partition of mclparted for values in(4);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted order by a;
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(3,4,5) order by a;
+
+-- Introduce a NULL and DEFAULT partition so we can test more complex cases
+create table mclparted_null partition of mclparted for values in(null);
+create table mclparted_def partition of mclparted default;
+
+-- Append can be used providing we don't scan the interleaved partition
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) order by a;
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) or a is null order by a;
+
+-- Test a more complex case where the NULL partition allows some other value
+drop table mclparted_null;
+create table mclparted_0_null partition of mclparted for values in(0,null);
+
+-- Ensure MergeAppend is used since 0 and NULLs are in the same partition.
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) or a is null order by a;
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(0,1,2,4) order by a;
+
+-- Ensure Append is used when the null partition is pruned
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) order by a;
+
+-- Ensure MergeAppend is used when the default partition is not pruned
+explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4,100) order by a;
+
+drop table mclparted;
+reset enable_sort;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+
+-- Ensure subplans which don't have a path with the correct pathkeys get
+-- sorted correctly.
+drop index mcrparted_a_abs_c_idx;
+create index on mcrparted1 (a, abs(b), c);
+create index on mcrparted2 (a, abs(b), c);
+create index on mcrparted3 (a, abs(b), c);
+create index on mcrparted4 (a, abs(b), c);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a < 20 order by a, abs(b), c limit 1;
+
+set enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+-- Ensure Append node can be used when the partition is ordered by some
+-- pathkeys which were deemed redundant.
+explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 10 order by a, abs(b), c;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+
+drop table mcrparted;
+
+-- Ensure LIST partitions allow an Append to be used instead of a MergeAppend
+create table bool_lp (b bool) partition by list(b);
+create table bool_lp_true partition of bool_lp for values in(true);
+create table bool_lp_false partition of bool_lp for values in(false);
+create index on bool_lp (b);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from bool_lp order by b;
+
+drop table bool_lp;
+
+-- Ensure const bool quals can be properly detected as redundant
+create table bool_rp (b bool, a int) partition by range(b,a);
+create table bool_rp_false_1k partition of bool_rp for values from (false,0) to (false,1000);
+create table bool_rp_true_1k partition of bool_rp for values from (true,0) to (true,1000);
+create table bool_rp_false_2k partition of bool_rp for values from (false,1000) to (false,2000);
+create table bool_rp_true_2k partition of bool_rp for values from (true,1000) to (true,2000);
+create index on bool_rp (b,a);
+explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = true order by b,a;
+explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = false order by b,a;
+explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = true order by a;
+explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = false order by a;
+
+drop table bool_rp;
+
+-- Ensure an Append scan is chosen when the partition order is a subset of
+-- the required order.
+create table range_parted (a int, b int, c int) partition by range(a, b);
+create table range_parted1 partition of range_parted for values from (0,0) to (10,10);
+create table range_parted2 partition of range_parted for values from (10,10) to (20,20);
+create index on range_parted (a,b,c);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from range_parted order by a,b,c;
+explain (costs off) select * from range_parted order by a desc,b desc,c desc;
+
+drop table range_parted;
+
+-- Check that we allow access to a child table's statistics when the user
+-- has permissions only for the parent table.
+create table permtest_parent (a int, b text, c text) partition by list (a);
+create table permtest_child (b text, c text, a int) partition by list (b);
+create table permtest_grandchild (c text, b text, a int);
+alter table permtest_child attach partition permtest_grandchild for values in ('a');
+alter table permtest_parent attach partition permtest_child for values in (1);
+create index on permtest_parent (left(c, 3));
+insert into permtest_parent
+  select 1, 'a', left(md5(i::text), 5) from generate_series(0, 100) i;
+analyze permtest_parent;
+create role regress_no_child_access;
+revoke all on permtest_grandchild from regress_no_child_access;
+grant select on permtest_parent to regress_no_child_access;
+set session authorization regress_no_child_access;
+-- without stats access, these queries would produce hash join plans:
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
+  on p1.a = p2.a and p1.c ~ 'a1$';
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
+  on p1.a = p2.a and left(p1.c, 3) ~ 'a1$';
+reset session authorization;
+revoke all on permtest_parent from regress_no_child_access;
+grant select(a,c) on permtest_parent to regress_no_child_access;
+set session authorization regress_no_child_access;
+explain (costs off)
+  select p2.a, p1.c from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
+  on p1.a = p2.a and p1.c ~ 'a1$';
+-- we will not have access to the expression index's stats here:
+explain (costs off)
+  select p2.a, p1.c from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
+  on p1.a = p2.a and left(p1.c, 3) ~ 'a1$';
+reset session authorization;
+revoke all on permtest_parent from regress_no_child_access;
+drop role regress_no_child_access;
+drop table permtest_parent;
+
+-- Verify that constraint errors across partition root / child are
+-- handled correctly (Bug #16293)
+CREATE TABLE errtst_parent (
+    partid int not null,
+    shdata int not null,
+    data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3)
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (partid);
+
+-- fast defaults lead to attribute mapping being used in one
+-- direction, but not the other
+CREATE TABLE errtst_child_fastdef (
+    partid int not null,
+    shdata int not null,
+    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3)
+);
+
+-- no remapping in either direction necessary
+CREATE TABLE errtst_child_plaindef (
+    partid int not null,
+    shdata int not null,
+    data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3),
+    CHECK(data < 10)
+);
+
+-- remapping in both direction
+CREATE TABLE errtst_child_reorder (
+    data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    shdata int not null,
+    partid int not null,
+    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3),
+    CHECK(data < 10)
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE errtst_child_fastdef ADD COLUMN data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE errtst_child_fastdef ADD CONSTRAINT errtest_child_fastdef_data_check CHECK (data < 10);
+
+ALTER TABLE errtst_parent ATTACH PARTITION errtst_child_fastdef FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+ALTER TABLE errtst_parent ATTACH PARTITION errtst_child_plaindef FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+ALTER TABLE errtst_parent ATTACH PARTITION errtst_child_reorder FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+
+-- insert without child check constraint error
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '1', '5');
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '1', '5');
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '1', '5');
+
+-- insert with child check constraint error
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '1', '10');
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '1', '10');
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '1', '10');
+
+-- insert with child not null constraint error
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '1', NULL);
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '1', NULL);
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '1', NULL);
+
+-- insert with shared check constraint error
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '5', '5');
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '5', '5');
+INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '5', '5');
+
+-- within partition update without child check constraint violation
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 0;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 10;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 20;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- within partition update with child check constraint violation
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 0;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 10;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
+
+-- direct leaf partition update, without partition id violation
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE errtst_child_fastdef SET partid = 1 WHERE partid = 0;
+UPDATE errtst_child_plaindef SET partid = 11 WHERE partid = 10;
+UPDATE errtst_child_reorder SET partid = 21 WHERE partid = 20;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- direct leaf partition update, with partition id violation
+UPDATE errtst_child_fastdef SET partid = partid + 10 WHERE partid = 0;
+UPDATE errtst_child_plaindef SET partid = partid + 10 WHERE partid = 10;
+UPDATE errtst_child_reorder SET partid = partid + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
+
+-- partition move, without child check constraint violation
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 10, data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 0;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 20, data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 10;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 0, data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 20;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- partition move, with child check constraint violation
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 10, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 0;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 20, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 10;
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 0, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
+
+-- partition move, without target partition
+UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 30, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
+
+DROP TABLE errtst_parent;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/init_privs.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/init_privs.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a31af2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/init_privs.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+-- Test initial privileges
+
+-- There should always be some initial privileges, set up by initdb
+SELECT count(*) > 0 FROM pg_init_privs;
+
+-- Intentionally include some non-initial privs for pg_dump to dump out
+GRANT SELECT ON pg_proc TO CURRENT_USER;
+GRANT SELECT (prosrc) ON pg_proc TO CURRENT_USER;
+
+GRANT SELECT (rolname, rolsuper) ON pg_authid TO CURRENT_USER;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/insert.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/insert.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdcffd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/insert.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+--
+-- insert with DEFAULT in the target_list
+--
+create table inserttest (col1 int4, col2 int4 NOT NULL, col3 text default 'testing');
+insert into inserttest (col1, col2, col3) values (DEFAULT, DEFAULT, DEFAULT);
+insert into inserttest (col2, col3) values (3, DEFAULT);
+insert into inserttest (col1, col2, col3) values (DEFAULT, 5, DEFAULT);
+insert into inserttest values (DEFAULT, 5, 'test');
+insert into inserttest values (DEFAULT, 7);
+
+select * from inserttest;
+
+--
+-- insert with similar expression / target_list values (all fail)
+--
+insert into inserttest (col1, col2, col3) values (DEFAULT, DEFAULT);
+insert into inserttest (col1, col2, col3) values (1, 2);
+insert into inserttest (col1) values (1, 2);
+insert into inserttest (col1) values (DEFAULT, DEFAULT);
+
+select * from inserttest;
+
+--
+-- VALUES test
+--
+insert into inserttest values(10, 20, '40'), (-1, 2, DEFAULT),
+    ((select 2), (select i from (values(3)) as foo (i)), 'values are fun!');
+
+select * from inserttest;
+
+--
+-- TOASTed value test
+--
+insert into inserttest values(30, 50, repeat('x', 10000));
+
+select col1, col2, char_length(col3) from inserttest;
+
+drop table inserttest;
+
+--
+-- tuple larger than fillfactor
+--
+CREATE TABLE large_tuple_test (a int, b text) WITH (fillfactor = 10);
+ALTER TABLE large_tuple_test ALTER COLUMN b SET STORAGE plain;
+
+-- create page w/ free space in range [nearlyEmptyFreeSpace, MaxHeapTupleSize)
+INSERT INTO large_tuple_test (select 1, NULL);
+
+-- should still fit on the page
+INSERT INTO large_tuple_test (select 2, repeat('a', 1000));
+SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size('large_tuple_test'::regclass, 'main'));
+
+-- add small record to the second page
+INSERT INTO large_tuple_test (select 3, NULL);
+
+-- now this tuple won't fit on the second page, but the insert should
+-- still succeed by extending the relation
+INSERT INTO large_tuple_test (select 4, repeat('a', 8126));
+
+DROP TABLE large_tuple_test;
+
+--
+-- check indirection (field/array assignment), cf bug #14265
+--
+-- these tests are aware that transformInsertStmt has 3 separate code paths
+--
+
+create type insert_test_type as (if1 int, if2 text[]);
+
+create table inserttest (f1 int, f2 int[],
+                         f3 insert_test_type, f4 insert_test_type[]);
+
+insert into inserttest (f2[1], f2[2]) values (1,2);
+insert into inserttest (f2[1], f2[2]) values (3,4), (5,6);
+insert into inserttest (f2[1], f2[2]) select 7,8;
+insert into inserttest (f2[1], f2[2]) values (1,default);  -- not supported
+
+insert into inserttest (f3.if1, f3.if2) values (1,array['foo']);
+insert into inserttest (f3.if1, f3.if2) values (1,'{foo}'), (2,'{bar}');
+insert into inserttest (f3.if1, f3.if2) select 3, '{baz,quux}';
+insert into inserttest (f3.if1, f3.if2) values (1,default);  -- not supported
+
+insert into inserttest (f3.if2[1], f3.if2[2]) values ('foo', 'bar');
+insert into inserttest (f3.if2[1], f3.if2[2]) values ('foo', 'bar'), ('baz', 'quux');
+insert into inserttest (f3.if2[1], f3.if2[2]) select 'bear', 'beer';
+
+insert into inserttest (f4[1].if2[1], f4[1].if2[2]) values ('foo', 'bar');
+insert into inserttest (f4[1].if2[1], f4[1].if2[2]) values ('foo', 'bar'), ('baz', 'quux');
+insert into inserttest (f4[1].if2[1], f4[1].if2[2]) select 'bear', 'beer';
+
+select * from inserttest;
+
+-- also check reverse-listing
+create table inserttest2 (f1 bigint, f2 text);
+create rule irule1 as on insert to inserttest2 do also
+  insert into inserttest (f3.if2[1], f3.if2[2])
+  values (new.f1,new.f2);
+create rule irule2 as on insert to inserttest2 do also
+  insert into inserttest (f4[1].if1, f4[1].if2[2])
+  values (1,'fool'),(new.f1,new.f2);
+create rule irule3 as on insert to inserttest2 do also
+  insert into inserttest (f4[1].if1, f4[1].if2[2])
+  select new.f1, new.f2;
+\d+ inserttest2
+
+drop table inserttest2;
+drop table inserttest;
+drop type insert_test_type;
+
+-- direct partition inserts should check partition bound constraint
+create table range_parted (
+	a text,
+	b int
+) partition by range (a, (b+0));
+
+-- no partitions, so fail
+insert into range_parted values ('a', 11);
+
+create table part1 partition of range_parted for values from ('a', 1) to ('a', 10);
+create table part2 partition of range_parted for values from ('a', 10) to ('a', 20);
+create table part3 partition of range_parted for values from ('b', 1) to ('b', 10);
+create table part4 partition of range_parted for values from ('b', 10) to ('b', 20);
+
+-- fail
+insert into part1 values ('a', 11);
+insert into part1 values ('b', 1);
+-- ok
+insert into part1 values ('a', 1);
+-- fail
+insert into part4 values ('b', 21);
+insert into part4 values ('a', 10);
+-- ok
+insert into part4 values ('b', 10);
+
+-- fail (partition key a has a NOT NULL constraint)
+insert into part1 values (null);
+-- fail (expression key (b+0) cannot be null either)
+insert into part1 values (1);
+
+create table list_parted (
+	a text,
+	b int
+) partition by list (lower(a));
+create table part_aa_bb partition of list_parted FOR VALUES IN ('aa', 'bb');
+create table part_cc_dd partition of list_parted FOR VALUES IN ('cc', 'dd');
+create table part_null partition of list_parted FOR VALUES IN (null);
+
+-- fail
+insert into part_aa_bb values ('cc', 1);
+insert into part_aa_bb values ('AAa', 1);
+insert into part_aa_bb values (null);
+-- ok
+insert into part_cc_dd values ('cC', 1);
+insert into part_null values (null, 0);
+
+-- check in case of multi-level partitioned table
+create table part_ee_ff partition of list_parted for values in ('ee', 'ff') partition by range (b);
+create table part_ee_ff1 partition of part_ee_ff for values from (1) to (10);
+create table part_ee_ff2 partition of part_ee_ff for values from (10) to (20);
+
+-- test default partition
+create table part_default partition of list_parted default;
+-- Negative test: a row, which would fit in other partition, does not fit
+-- default partition, even when inserted directly
+insert into part_default values ('aa', 2);
+insert into part_default values (null, 2);
+-- ok
+insert into part_default values ('Zz', 2);
+-- test if default partition works as expected for multi-level partitioned
+-- table as well as when default partition itself is further partitioned
+drop table part_default;
+create table part_xx_yy partition of list_parted for values in ('xx', 'yy') partition by list (a);
+create table part_xx_yy_p1 partition of part_xx_yy for values in ('xx');
+create table part_xx_yy_defpart partition of part_xx_yy default;
+create table part_default partition of list_parted default partition by range(b);
+create table part_default_p1 partition of part_default for values from (20) to (30);
+create table part_default_p2 partition of part_default for values from (30) to (40);
+
+-- fail
+insert into part_ee_ff1 values ('EE', 11);
+insert into part_default_p2 values ('gg', 43);
+-- fail (even the parent's, ie, part_ee_ff's partition constraint applies)
+insert into part_ee_ff1 values ('cc', 1);
+insert into part_default values ('gg', 43);
+-- ok
+insert into part_ee_ff1 values ('ff', 1);
+insert into part_ee_ff2 values ('ff', 11);
+insert into part_default_p1 values ('cd', 25);
+insert into part_default_p2 values ('de', 35);
+insert into list_parted values ('ab', 21);
+insert into list_parted values ('xx', 1);
+insert into list_parted values ('yy', 2);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from list_parted;
+
+-- Check tuple routing for partitioned tables
+
+-- fail
+insert into range_parted values ('a', 0);
+-- ok
+insert into range_parted values ('a', 1);
+insert into range_parted values ('a', 10);
+-- fail
+insert into range_parted values ('a', 20);
+-- ok
+insert into range_parted values ('b', 1);
+insert into range_parted values ('b', 10);
+-- fail (partition key (b+0) is null)
+insert into range_parted values ('a');
+
+-- Check default partition
+create table part_def partition of range_parted default;
+-- fail
+insert into part_def values ('b', 10);
+-- ok
+insert into part_def values ('c', 10);
+insert into range_parted values (null, null);
+insert into range_parted values ('a', null);
+insert into range_parted values (null, 19);
+insert into range_parted values ('b', 20);
+
+select tableoid::regclass, * from range_parted;
+-- ok
+insert into list_parted values (null, 1);
+insert into list_parted (a) values ('aA');
+-- fail (partition of part_ee_ff not found in both cases)
+insert into list_parted values ('EE', 0);
+insert into part_ee_ff values ('EE', 0);
+-- ok
+insert into list_parted values ('EE', 1);
+insert into part_ee_ff values ('EE', 10);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from list_parted;
+
+-- some more tests to exercise tuple-routing with multi-level partitioning
+create table part_gg partition of list_parted for values in ('gg') partition by range (b);
+create table part_gg1 partition of part_gg for values from (minvalue) to (1);
+create table part_gg2 partition of part_gg for values from (1) to (10) partition by range (b);
+create table part_gg2_1 partition of part_gg2 for values from (1) to (5);
+create table part_gg2_2 partition of part_gg2 for values from (5) to (10);
+
+create table part_ee_ff3 partition of part_ee_ff for values from (20) to (30) partition by range (b);
+create table part_ee_ff3_1 partition of part_ee_ff3 for values from (20) to (25);
+create table part_ee_ff3_2 partition of part_ee_ff3 for values from (25) to (30);
+
+truncate list_parted;
+insert into list_parted values ('aa'), ('cc');
+insert into list_parted select 'Ff', s.a from generate_series(1, 29) s(a);
+insert into list_parted select 'gg', s.a from generate_series(1, 9) s(a);
+insert into list_parted (b) values (1);
+select tableoid::regclass::text, a, min(b) as min_b, max(b) as max_b from list_parted group by 1, 2 order by 1;
+
+-- direct partition inserts should check hash partition bound constraint
+
+create table hash_parted (
+	a int
+) partition by hash (a part_test_int4_ops);
+create table hpart0 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 4, remainder 0);
+create table hpart1 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 4, remainder 1);
+create table hpart2 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 4, remainder 2);
+create table hpart3 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 4, remainder 3);
+
+insert into hash_parted values(generate_series(1,10));
+
+-- direct insert of values divisible by 4 - ok;
+insert into hpart0 values(12),(16);
+-- fail;
+insert into hpart0 values(11);
+-- 11 % 4 -> 3 remainder i.e. valid data for hpart3 partition
+insert into hpart3 values(11);
+
+-- view data
+select tableoid::regclass as part, a, a%4 as "remainder = a % 4"
+from hash_parted order by part;
+
+-- test \d+ output on a table which has both partitioned and unpartitioned
+-- partitions
+\d+ list_parted
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table range_parted, list_parted;
+drop table hash_parted;
+
+-- test that a default partition added as the first partition accepts any value
+-- including null
+create table list_parted (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table part_default partition of list_parted default;
+\d+ part_default
+insert into part_default values (null);
+insert into part_default values (1);
+insert into part_default values (-1);
+select tableoid::regclass, a from list_parted;
+-- cleanup
+drop table list_parted;
+
+-- more tests for certain multi-level partitioning scenarios
+create table mlparted (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+create table mlparted1 (b int not null, a int not null) partition by range ((b+0));
+create table mlparted11 (like mlparted1);
+alter table mlparted11 drop a;
+alter table mlparted11 add a int;
+alter table mlparted11 drop a;
+alter table mlparted11 add a int not null;
+-- attnum for key attribute 'a' is different in mlparted, mlparted1, and mlparted11
+select attrelid::regclass, attname, attnum
+from pg_attribute
+where attname = 'a'
+ and (attrelid = 'mlparted'::regclass
+   or attrelid = 'mlparted1'::regclass
+   or attrelid = 'mlparted11'::regclass)
+order by attrelid::regclass::text;
+
+alter table mlparted1 attach partition mlparted11 for values from (2) to (5);
+alter table mlparted attach partition mlparted1 for values from (1, 2) to (1, 10);
+
+-- check that "(1, 2)" is correctly routed to mlparted11.
+insert into mlparted values (1, 2);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted;
+
+-- check that proper message is shown after failure to route through mlparted1
+insert into mlparted (a, b) values (1, 5);
+
+truncate mlparted;
+alter table mlparted add constraint check_b check (b = 3);
+
+-- have a BR trigger modify the row such that the check_b is violated
+create function mlparted11_trig_fn()
+returns trigger AS
+$$
+begin
+  NEW.b := 4;
+  return NEW;
+end;
+$$
+language plpgsql;
+create trigger mlparted11_trig before insert ON mlparted11
+  for each row execute procedure mlparted11_trig_fn();
+
+-- check that the correct row is shown when constraint check_b fails after
+-- "(1, 2)" is routed to mlparted11 (actually "(1, 4)" would be shown due
+-- to the BR trigger mlparted11_trig_fn)
+insert into mlparted values (1, 2);
+drop trigger mlparted11_trig on mlparted11;
+drop function mlparted11_trig_fn();
+
+-- check that inserting into an internal partition successfully results in
+-- checking its partition constraint before inserting into the leaf partition
+-- selected by tuple-routing
+insert into mlparted1 (a, b) values (2, 3);
+
+-- check routing error through a list partitioned table when the key is null
+create table lparted_nonullpart (a int, b char) partition by list (b);
+create table lparted_nonullpart_a partition of lparted_nonullpart for values in ('a');
+insert into lparted_nonullpart values (1);
+drop table lparted_nonullpart;
+
+-- check that RETURNING works correctly with tuple-routing
+alter table mlparted drop constraint check_b;
+create table mlparted12 partition of mlparted1 for values from (5) to (10);
+create table mlparted2 (b int not null, a int not null);
+alter table mlparted attach partition mlparted2 for values from (1, 10) to (1, 20);
+create table mlparted3 partition of mlparted for values from (1, 20) to (1, 30);
+create table mlparted4 (like mlparted);
+alter table mlparted4 drop a;
+alter table mlparted4 add a int not null;
+alter table mlparted attach partition mlparted4 for values from (1, 30) to (1, 40);
+with ins (a, b, c) as
+  (insert into mlparted (b, a) select s.a, 1 from generate_series(2, 39) s(a) returning tableoid::regclass, *)
+  select a, b, min(c), max(c) from ins group by a, b order by 1;
+
+alter table mlparted add c text;
+create table mlparted5 (c text, a int not null, b int not null) partition by list (c);
+create table mlparted5a (a int not null, c text, b int not null);
+alter table mlparted5 attach partition mlparted5a for values in ('a');
+alter table mlparted attach partition mlparted5 for values from (1, 40) to (1, 50);
+alter table mlparted add constraint check_b check (a = 1 and b < 45);
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'a');
+create function mlparted5abrtrig_func() returns trigger as $$ begin new.c = 'b'; return new; end; $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger mlparted5abrtrig before insert on mlparted5a for each row execute procedure mlparted5abrtrig_func();
+insert into mlparted5 (a, b, c) values (1, 40, 'a');
+drop table mlparted5;
+alter table mlparted drop constraint check_b;
+
+-- Check multi-level default partition
+create table mlparted_def partition of mlparted default partition by range(a);
+create table mlparted_def1 partition of mlparted_def for values from (40) to (50);
+create table mlparted_def2 partition of mlparted_def for values from (50) to (60);
+insert into mlparted values (40, 100);
+insert into mlparted_def1 values (42, 100);
+insert into mlparted_def2 values (54, 50);
+-- fail
+insert into mlparted values (70, 100);
+insert into mlparted_def1 values (52, 50);
+insert into mlparted_def2 values (34, 50);
+-- ok
+create table mlparted_defd partition of mlparted_def default;
+insert into mlparted values (70, 100);
+
+select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted_def;
+
+-- Check multi-level tuple routing with attributes dropped from the
+-- top-most parent.  First remove the last attribute.
+alter table mlparted add d int, add e int;
+alter table mlparted drop e;
+create table mlparted5 partition of mlparted
+  for values from (1, 40) to (1, 50) partition by range (c);
+create table mlparted5_ab partition of mlparted5
+  for values from ('a') to ('c') partition by list (c);
+-- This partitioned table should remain with no partitions.
+create table mlparted5_cd partition of mlparted5
+  for values from ('c') to ('e') partition by list (c);
+create table mlparted5_a partition of mlparted5_ab for values in ('a');
+create table mlparted5_b (d int, b int, c text, a int);
+alter table mlparted5_ab attach partition mlparted5_b for values in ('b');
+truncate mlparted;
+insert into mlparted values (1, 2, 'a', 1);
+insert into mlparted values (1, 40, 'a', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_a
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'b', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_b
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'c', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_cd, fails
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'f', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5, fails
+select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted order by a, b, c, d;
+alter table mlparted drop d;
+truncate mlparted;
+-- Remove the before last attribute.
+alter table mlparted add e int, add d int;
+alter table mlparted drop e;
+insert into mlparted values (1, 2, 'a', 1);
+insert into mlparted values (1, 40, 'a', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_a
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'b', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_b
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'c', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5_cd, fails
+insert into mlparted values (1, 45, 'f', 1);  -- goes to mlparted5, fails
+select tableoid::regclass, * from mlparted order by a, b, c, d;
+alter table mlparted drop d;
+drop table mlparted5;
+
+-- check that message shown after failure to find a partition shows the
+-- appropriate key description (or none) in various situations
+create table key_desc (a int, b int) partition by list ((a+0));
+create table key_desc_1 partition of key_desc for values in (1) partition by range (b);
+
+create user regress_insert_other_user;
+grant select (a) on key_desc_1 to regress_insert_other_user;
+grant insert on key_desc to regress_insert_other_user;
+
+set role regress_insert_other_user;
+-- no key description is shown
+insert into key_desc values (1, 1);
+
+reset role;
+grant select (b) on key_desc_1 to regress_insert_other_user;
+set role regress_insert_other_user;
+-- key description (b)=(1) is now shown
+insert into key_desc values (1, 1);
+
+-- key description is not shown if key contains expression
+insert into key_desc values (2, 1);
+reset role;
+revoke all on key_desc from regress_insert_other_user;
+revoke all on key_desc_1 from regress_insert_other_user;
+drop role regress_insert_other_user;
+drop table key_desc, key_desc_1;
+
+-- test minvalue/maxvalue restrictions
+create table mcrparted (a int, b int, c int) partition by range (a, abs(b), c);
+create table mcrparted0 partition of mcrparted for values from (minvalue, 0, 0) to (1, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+create table mcrparted2 partition of mcrparted for values from (10, 6, minvalue) to (10, maxvalue, minvalue);
+create table mcrparted4 partition of mcrparted for values from (21, minvalue, 0) to (30, 20, minvalue);
+
+-- check multi-column range partitioning expression enforces the same
+-- constraint as what tuple-routing would determine it to be
+create table mcrparted0 partition of mcrparted for values from (minvalue, minvalue, minvalue) to (1, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+create table mcrparted1 partition of mcrparted for values from (2, 1, minvalue) to (10, 5, 10);
+create table mcrparted2 partition of mcrparted for values from (10, 6, minvalue) to (10, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+create table mcrparted3 partition of mcrparted for values from (11, 1, 1) to (20, 10, 10);
+create table mcrparted4 partition of mcrparted for values from (21, minvalue, minvalue) to (30, 20, maxvalue);
+create table mcrparted5 partition of mcrparted for values from (30, 21, 20) to (maxvalue, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+
+-- null not allowed in range partition
+insert into mcrparted values (null, null, null);
+
+-- routed to mcrparted0
+insert into mcrparted values (0, 1, 1);
+insert into mcrparted0 values (0, 1, 1);
+
+-- routed to mcparted1
+insert into mcrparted values (9, 1000, 1);
+insert into mcrparted1 values (9, 1000, 1);
+insert into mcrparted values (10, 5, -1);
+insert into mcrparted1 values (10, 5, -1);
+insert into mcrparted values (2, 1, 0);
+insert into mcrparted1 values (2, 1, 0);
+
+-- routed to mcparted2
+insert into mcrparted values (10, 6, 1000);
+insert into mcrparted2 values (10, 6, 1000);
+insert into mcrparted values (10, 1000, 1000);
+insert into mcrparted2 values (10, 1000, 1000);
+
+-- no partition exists, nor does mcrparted3 accept it
+insert into mcrparted values (11, 1, -1);
+insert into mcrparted3 values (11, 1, -1);
+
+-- routed to mcrparted5
+insert into mcrparted values (30, 21, 20);
+insert into mcrparted5 values (30, 21, 20);
+insert into mcrparted4 values (30, 21, 20);	-- error
+
+-- check rows
+select tableoid::regclass::text, * from mcrparted order by 1;
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table mcrparted;
+
+-- check that a BR constraint can't make partition contain violating rows
+create table brtrigpartcon (a int, b text) partition by list (a);
+create table brtrigpartcon1 partition of brtrigpartcon for values in (1);
+create or replace function brtrigpartcon1trigf() returns trigger as $$begin new.a := 2; return new; end$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger brtrigpartcon1trig before insert on brtrigpartcon1 for each row execute procedure brtrigpartcon1trigf();
+insert into brtrigpartcon values (1, 'hi there');
+insert into brtrigpartcon1 values (1, 'hi there');
+
+-- check that the message shows the appropriate column description in a
+-- situation where the partitioned table is not the primary ModifyTable node
+create table inserttest3 (f1 text default 'foo', f2 text default 'bar', f3 int);
+create role regress_coldesc_role;
+grant insert on inserttest3 to regress_coldesc_role;
+grant insert on brtrigpartcon to regress_coldesc_role;
+revoke select on brtrigpartcon from regress_coldesc_role;
+set role regress_coldesc_role;
+with result as (insert into brtrigpartcon values (1, 'hi there') returning 1)
+  insert into inserttest3 (f3) select * from result;
+reset role;
+
+-- cleanup
+revoke all on inserttest3 from regress_coldesc_role;
+revoke all on brtrigpartcon from regress_coldesc_role;
+drop role regress_coldesc_role;
+drop table inserttest3;
+drop table brtrigpartcon;
+drop function brtrigpartcon1trigf();
+
+-- check that "do nothing" BR triggers work with tuple-routing
+create table donothingbrtrig_test (a int, b text) partition by list (a);
+create table donothingbrtrig_test1 (b text, a int);
+create table donothingbrtrig_test2 (c text, b text, a int);
+alter table donothingbrtrig_test2 drop column c;
+create or replace function donothingbrtrig_func() returns trigger as $$begin raise notice 'b: %', new.b; return NULL; end$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger donothingbrtrig1 before insert on donothingbrtrig_test1 for each row execute procedure donothingbrtrig_func();
+create trigger donothingbrtrig2 before insert on donothingbrtrig_test2 for each row execute procedure donothingbrtrig_func();
+alter table donothingbrtrig_test attach partition donothingbrtrig_test1 for values in (1);
+alter table donothingbrtrig_test attach partition donothingbrtrig_test2 for values in (2);
+insert into donothingbrtrig_test values (1, 'foo'), (2, 'bar');
+copy donothingbrtrig_test from stdout;
+1	baz
+2	qux
+\.
+select tableoid::regclass, * from donothingbrtrig_test;
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table donothingbrtrig_test;
+drop function donothingbrtrig_func();
+
+-- check multi-column range partitioning with minvalue/maxvalue constraints
+create table mcrparted (a text, b int) partition by range(a, b);
+create table mcrparted1_lt_b partition of mcrparted for values from (minvalue, minvalue) to ('b', minvalue);
+create table mcrparted2_b partition of mcrparted for values from ('b', minvalue) to ('c', minvalue);
+create table mcrparted3_c_to_common partition of mcrparted for values from ('c', minvalue) to ('common', minvalue);
+create table mcrparted4_common_lt_0 partition of mcrparted for values from ('common', minvalue) to ('common', 0);
+create table mcrparted5_common_0_to_10 partition of mcrparted for values from ('common', 0) to ('common', 10);
+create table mcrparted6_common_ge_10 partition of mcrparted for values from ('common', 10) to ('common', maxvalue);
+create table mcrparted7_gt_common_lt_d partition of mcrparted for values from ('common', maxvalue) to ('d', minvalue);
+create table mcrparted8_ge_d partition of mcrparted for values from ('d', minvalue) to (maxvalue, maxvalue);
+
+\d+ mcrparted
+\d+ mcrparted1_lt_b
+\d+ mcrparted2_b
+\d+ mcrparted3_c_to_common
+\d+ mcrparted4_common_lt_0
+\d+ mcrparted5_common_0_to_10
+\d+ mcrparted6_common_ge_10
+\d+ mcrparted7_gt_common_lt_d
+\d+ mcrparted8_ge_d
+
+insert into mcrparted values ('aaa', 0), ('b', 0), ('bz', 10), ('c', -10),
+    ('comm', -10), ('common', -10), ('common', 0), ('common', 10),
+    ('commons', 0), ('d', -10), ('e', 0);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from mcrparted order by a, b;
+drop table mcrparted;
+
+-- check that wholerow vars in the RETURNING list work with partitioned tables
+create table returningwrtest (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table returningwrtest1 partition of returningwrtest for values in (1);
+insert into returningwrtest values (1) returning returningwrtest;
+
+-- check also that the wholerow vars in RETURNING list are converted as needed
+alter table returningwrtest add b text;
+create table returningwrtest2 (b text, c int, a int);
+alter table returningwrtest2 drop c;
+alter table returningwrtest attach partition returningwrtest2 for values in (2);
+insert into returningwrtest values (2, 'foo') returning returningwrtest;
+drop table returningwrtest;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/insert_conflict.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/insert_conflict.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23d5778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/insert_conflict.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+--
+-- insert...on conflict do unique index inference
+--
+create table insertconflicttest(key int4, fruit text);
+
+--
+-- Test unique index inference with operator class specifications and
+-- named collations
+--
+create unique index op_index_key on insertconflicttest(key, fruit text_pattern_ops);
+create unique index collation_index_key on insertconflicttest(key, fruit collate "C");
+create unique index both_index_key on insertconflicttest(key, fruit collate "C" text_pattern_ops);
+create unique index both_index_expr_key on insertconflicttest(key, lower(fruit) collate "C" text_pattern_ops);
+
+-- fails
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key) do nothing;
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (fruit) do nothing;
+
+-- succeeds
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key, fruit) do nothing;
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (fruit, key, fruit, key) do nothing;
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (lower(fruit), key, lower(fruit), key) do nothing;
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key, fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit
+  where exists (select 1 from insertconflicttest ii where ii.key = excluded.key);
+-- Neither collation nor operator class specifications are required --
+-- supplying them merely *limits* matches to indexes with matching opclasses
+-- used for relevant indexes
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key, fruit text_pattern_ops) do nothing;
+-- Okay, arbitrates using both index where text_pattern_ops opclass does and
+-- does not appear.
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key, fruit collate "C") do nothing;
+-- Okay, but only accepts the single index where both opclass and collation are
+-- specified
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (fruit collate "C" text_pattern_ops, key) do nothing;
+-- Okay, but only accepts the single index where both opclass and collation are
+-- specified (plus expression variant)
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (lower(fruit) collate "C", key, key) do nothing;
+-- Attribute appears twice, while not all attributes/expressions on attributes
+-- appearing within index definition match in terms of both opclass and
+-- collation.
+--
+-- Works because every attribute in inference specification needs to be
+-- satisfied once or more by cataloged index attribute, and as always when an
+-- attribute in the cataloged definition has a non-default opclass/collation,
+-- it still satisfied some inference attribute lacking any particular
+-- opclass/collation specification.
+--
+-- The implementation is liberal in accepting inference specifications on the
+-- assumption that multiple inferred unique indexes will prevent problematic
+-- cases.  It rolls with unique indexes where attributes redundantly appear
+-- multiple times, too (which is not tested here).
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (fruit, key, fruit text_pattern_ops, key) do nothing;
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (lower(fruit) collate "C" text_pattern_ops, key, key) do nothing;
+
+drop index op_index_key;
+drop index collation_index_key;
+drop index both_index_key;
+drop index both_index_expr_key;
+
+--
+-- Make sure that cross matching of attribute opclass/collation does not occur
+--
+create unique index cross_match on insertconflicttest(lower(fruit) collate "C", upper(fruit) text_pattern_ops);
+
+-- fails:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (lower(fruit) text_pattern_ops, upper(fruit) collate "C") do nothing;
+-- works:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (lower(fruit) collate "C", upper(fruit) text_pattern_ops) do nothing;
+
+drop index cross_match;
+
+--
+-- Single key tests
+--
+create unique index key_index on insertconflicttest(key);
+
+--
+-- Explain tests
+--
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values (0, 'Bilberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+-- Should display qual actually attributable to internal sequential scan:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values (0, 'Bilberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit where insertconflicttest.fruit != 'Cawesh';
+-- With EXCLUDED.* expression in scan node:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values(0, 'Crowberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit where excluded.fruit != 'Elderberry';
+-- Does the same, but JSON format shows "Conflict Arbiter Index" as JSON array:
+explain (costs off, format json) insert into insertconflicttest values (0, 'Bilberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit where insertconflicttest.fruit != 'Lime' returning *;
+
+-- Fails (no unique index inference specification, required for do update variant):
+insert into insertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflict do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+-- inference succeeds:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (2, 'Orange') on conflict (key, key, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+-- Succeed, since multi-assignment does not involve subquery:
+insert into insertconflicttest
+values (1, 'Apple'), (2, 'Orange')
+on conflict (key) do update set (fruit, key) = (excluded.fruit, excluded.key);
+
+-- Give good diagnostic message when EXCLUDED.* spuriously referenced from
+-- RETURNING:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit RETURNING excluded.fruit;
+
+-- Only suggest <table>.* column when inference element misspelled:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflict (keyy) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+-- Have useful HINT for EXCLUDED.* RTE within UPDATE:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (1, 'Apple') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruitt;
+
+-- inference fails:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (3, 'Kiwi') on conflict (key, fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (4, 'Mango') on conflict (fruit, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (5, 'Lemon') on conflict (fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (6, 'Passionfruit') on conflict (lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+-- Check the target relation can be aliased
+insert into insertconflicttest AS ict values (6, 'Passionfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit; -- ok, no reference to target table
+insert into insertconflicttest AS ict values (6, 'Passionfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = ict.fruit; -- ok, alias
+insert into insertconflicttest AS ict values (6, 'Passionfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = insertconflicttest.fruit; -- error, references aliased away name
+
+drop index key_index;
+
+--
+-- Composite key tests
+--
+create unique index comp_key_index on insertconflicttest(key, fruit);
+
+-- inference succeeds:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (7, 'Raspberry') on conflict (key, fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (8, 'Lime') on conflict (fruit, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+-- inference fails:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (9, 'Banana') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (10, 'Blueberry') on conflict (key, key, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (11, 'Cherry') on conflict (key, lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (12, 'Date') on conflict (lower(fruit), key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+drop index comp_key_index;
+
+--
+-- Partial index tests, no inference predicate specified
+--
+create unique index part_comp_key_index on insertconflicttest(key, fruit) where key < 5;
+create unique index expr_part_comp_key_index on insertconflicttest(key, lower(fruit)) where key < 5;
+
+-- inference fails:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (13, 'Grape') on conflict (key, fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (14, 'Raisin') on conflict (fruit, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (15, 'Cranberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (16, 'Melon') on conflict (key, key, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (17, 'Mulberry') on conflict (key, lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (18, 'Pineapple') on conflict (lower(fruit), key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+drop index part_comp_key_index;
+drop index expr_part_comp_key_index;
+
+--
+-- Expression index tests
+--
+create unique index expr_key_index on insertconflicttest(lower(fruit));
+
+-- inference succeeds:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (20, 'Quince') on conflict (lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (21, 'Pomegranate') on conflict (lower(fruit), lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+-- inference fails:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (22, 'Apricot') on conflict (upper(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+drop index expr_key_index;
+
+--
+-- Expression index tests (with regular column)
+--
+create unique index expr_comp_key_index on insertconflicttest(key, lower(fruit));
+create unique index tricky_expr_comp_key_index on insertconflicttest(key, lower(fruit), upper(fruit));
+
+-- inference succeeds:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (24, 'Plum') on conflict (key, lower(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (25, 'Peach') on conflict (lower(fruit), key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+-- Should not infer "tricky_expr_comp_key_index" index:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest values (26, 'Fig') on conflict (lower(fruit), key, lower(fruit), key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+-- inference fails:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (27, 'Prune') on conflict (key, upper(fruit)) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (28, 'Redcurrant') on conflict (fruit, key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (29, 'Nectarine') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+drop index expr_comp_key_index;
+drop index tricky_expr_comp_key_index;
+
+--
+-- Non-spurious duplicate violation tests
+--
+create unique index key_index on insertconflicttest(key);
+create unique index fruit_index on insertconflicttest(fruit);
+
+-- succeeds, since UPDATE happens to update "fruit" to existing value:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (26, 'Fig') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+-- fails, since UPDATE is to row with key value 26, and we're updating "fruit"
+-- to a value that happens to exist in another row ('peach'):
+insert into insertconflicttest values (26, 'Peach') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+-- succeeds, since "key" isn't repeated/referenced in UPDATE, and "fruit"
+-- arbitrates that statement updates existing "Fig" row:
+insert into insertconflicttest values (25, 'Fig') on conflict (fruit) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+drop index key_index;
+drop index fruit_index;
+
+--
+-- Test partial unique index inference
+--
+create unique index partial_key_index on insertconflicttest(key) where fruit like '%berry';
+
+-- Succeeds
+insert into insertconflicttest values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (key) where fruit like '%berry' do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest as t values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (key) where fruit like '%berry' and t.fruit = 'inconsequential' do nothing;
+
+-- fails
+insert into insertconflicttest values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (key) where fruit like '%berry' or fruit = 'consequential' do nothing;
+insert into insertconflicttest values (23, 'Blackberry') on conflict (fruit) where fruit like '%berry' do update set fruit = excluded.fruit;
+
+drop index partial_key_index;
+
+--
+-- Test that wholerow references to ON CONFLICT's EXCLUDED work
+--
+create unique index plain on insertconflicttest(key);
+
+-- Succeeds, updates existing row:
+insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Jackfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit
+  where i.* != excluded.* returning *;
+-- No update this time, though:
+insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Jackfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit
+  where i.* != excluded.* returning *;
+-- Predicate changed to require match rather than non-match, so updates once more:
+insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Jackfruit') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit
+  where i.* = excluded.* returning *;
+-- Assign:
+insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Avocado') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.*::text
+  returning *;
+-- deparse whole row var in WHERE and SET clauses:
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Avocado') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.fruit where excluded.* is null;
+explain (costs off) insert into insertconflicttest as i values (23, 'Avocado') on conflict (key) do update set fruit = excluded.*::text;
+
+drop index plain;
+
+-- Cleanup
+drop table insertconflicttest;
+
+
+--
+-- Verify that EXCLUDED does not allow system column references. These
+-- do not make sense because EXCLUDED isn't an already stored tuple
+-- (and thus doesn't have a ctid etc).
+--
+create table syscolconflicttest(key int4, data text);
+insert into syscolconflicttest values (1);
+insert into syscolconflicttest values (1) on conflict (key) do update set data = excluded.ctid::text;
+drop table syscolconflicttest;
+
+--
+-- Previous tests all managed to not test any expressions requiring
+-- planner preprocessing ...
+--
+create table insertconflict (a bigint, b bigint);
+
+create unique index insertconflicti1 on insertconflict(coalesce(a, 0));
+
+create unique index insertconflicti2 on insertconflict(b)
+  where coalesce(a, 1) > 0;
+
+insert into insertconflict values (1, 2)
+on conflict (coalesce(a, 0)) do nothing;
+
+insert into insertconflict values (1, 2)
+on conflict (b) where coalesce(a, 1) > 0 do nothing;
+
+insert into insertconflict values (1, 2)
+on conflict (b) where coalesce(a, 1) > 1 do nothing;
+
+drop table insertconflict;
+
+--
+-- test insertion through view
+--
+
+create table insertconflict (f1 int primary key, f2 text);
+create view insertconflictv as
+  select * from insertconflict with cascaded check option;
+
+insert into insertconflictv values (1,'foo')
+  on conflict (f1) do update set f2 = excluded.f2;
+select * from insertconflict;
+insert into insertconflictv values (1,'bar')
+  on conflict (f1) do update set f2 = excluded.f2;
+select * from insertconflict;
+
+drop view insertconflictv;
+drop table insertconflict;
+
+
+-- ******************************************************************
+-- *                                                                *
+-- * Test inheritance (example taken from tutorial)                 *
+-- *                                                                *
+-- ******************************************************************
+create table cities (
+	name		text,
+	population	float8,
+	altitude	int		-- (in ft)
+);
+
+create table capitals (
+	state		char(2)
+) inherits (cities);
+
+-- Create unique indexes.  Due to a general limitation of inheritance,
+-- uniqueness is only enforced per-relation.  Unique index inference
+-- specification will do the right thing, though.
+create unique index cities_names_unique on cities (name);
+create unique index capitals_names_unique on capitals (name);
+
+-- prepopulate the tables.
+insert into cities values ('San Francisco', 7.24E+5, 63);
+insert into cities values ('Las Vegas', 2.583E+5, 2174);
+insert into cities values ('Mariposa', 1200, 1953);
+
+insert into capitals values ('Sacramento', 3.694E+5, 30, 'CA');
+insert into capitals values ('Madison', 1.913E+5, 845, 'WI');
+
+-- Tests proper for inheritance:
+select * from capitals;
+
+-- Succeeds:
+insert into cities values ('Las Vegas', 2.583E+5, 2174) on conflict do nothing;
+insert into capitals values ('Sacramento', 4664.E+5, 30, 'CA') on conflict (name) do update set population = excluded.population;
+-- Wrong "Sacramento", so do nothing:
+insert into capitals values ('Sacramento', 50, 2267, 'NE') on conflict (name) do nothing;
+select * from capitals;
+insert into cities values ('Las Vegas', 5.83E+5, 2001) on conflict (name) do update set population = excluded.population, altitude = excluded.altitude;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from cities;
+insert into capitals values ('Las Vegas', 5.83E+5, 2222, 'NV') on conflict (name) do update set population = excluded.population;
+-- Capitals will contain new capital, Las Vegas:
+select * from capitals;
+-- Cities contains two instances of "Las Vegas", since unique constraints don't
+-- work across inheritance:
+select tableoid::regclass, * from cities;
+-- This only affects "cities" version of "Las Vegas":
+insert into cities values ('Las Vegas', 5.86E+5, 2223) on conflict (name) do update set population = excluded.population, altitude = excluded.altitude;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from cities;
+
+-- clean up
+drop table capitals;
+drop table cities;
+
+
+-- Make sure a table named excluded is handled properly
+create table excluded(key int primary key, data text);
+insert into excluded values(1, '1');
+-- error, ambiguous
+insert into excluded values(1, '2') on conflict (key) do update set data = excluded.data RETURNING *;
+-- ok, aliased
+insert into excluded AS target values(1, '2') on conflict (key) do update set data = excluded.data RETURNING *;
+-- ok, aliased
+insert into excluded AS target values(1, '2') on conflict (key) do update set data = target.data RETURNING *;
+-- make sure excluded isn't a problem in returning clause
+insert into excluded values(1, '2') on conflict (key) do update set data = 3 RETURNING excluded.*;
+
+-- clean up
+drop table excluded;
+
+
+-- check that references to columns after dropped columns are handled correctly
+create table dropcol(key int primary key, drop1 int, keep1 text, drop2 numeric, keep2 float);
+insert into dropcol(key, drop1, keep1, drop2, keep2) values(1, 1, '1', '1', 1);
+-- set using excluded
+insert into dropcol(key, drop1, keep1, drop2, keep2) values(1, 2, '2', '2', 2) on conflict(key)
+    do update set drop1 = excluded.drop1, keep1 = excluded.keep1, drop2 = excluded.drop2, keep2 = excluded.keep2
+    where excluded.drop1 is not null and excluded.keep1 is not null and excluded.drop2 is not null and excluded.keep2 is not null
+          and dropcol.drop1 is not null and dropcol.keep1 is not null and dropcol.drop2 is not null and dropcol.keep2 is not null
+    returning *;
+;
+-- set using existing table
+insert into dropcol(key, drop1, keep1, drop2, keep2) values(1, 3, '3', '3', 3) on conflict(key)
+    do update set drop1 = dropcol.drop1, keep1 = dropcol.keep1, drop2 = dropcol.drop2, keep2 = dropcol.keep2
+    returning *;
+;
+alter table dropcol drop column drop1, drop column drop2;
+-- set using excluded
+insert into dropcol(key, keep1, keep2) values(1, '4', 4) on conflict(key)
+    do update set keep1 = excluded.keep1, keep2 = excluded.keep2
+    where excluded.keep1 is not null and excluded.keep2 is not null
+          and dropcol.keep1 is not null and dropcol.keep2 is not null
+    returning *;
+;
+-- set using existing table
+insert into dropcol(key, keep1, keep2) values(1, '5', 5) on conflict(key)
+    do update set keep1 = dropcol.keep1, keep2 = dropcol.keep2
+    returning *;
+;
+
+DROP TABLE dropcol;
+
+-- check handling of regular btree constraint along with gist constraint
+
+create table twoconstraints (f1 int unique, f2 box,
+                             exclude using gist(f2 with &&));
+insert into twoconstraints values(1, '((0,0),(1,1))');
+insert into twoconstraints values(1, '((2,2),(3,3))');  -- fail on f1
+insert into twoconstraints values(2, '((0,0),(1,2))');  -- fail on f2
+insert into twoconstraints values(2, '((0,0),(1,2))')
+  on conflict on constraint twoconstraints_f1_key do nothing;  -- fail on f2
+insert into twoconstraints values(2, '((0,0),(1,2))')
+  on conflict on constraint twoconstraints_f2_excl do nothing;  -- do nothing
+select * from twoconstraints;
+drop table twoconstraints;
+
+-- check handling of self-conflicts at various isolation levels
+
+create table selfconflict (f1 int primary key, f2 int);
+
+begin transaction isolation level read committed;
+insert into selfconflict values (1,1), (1,2) on conflict do nothing;
+commit;
+
+begin transaction isolation level repeatable read;
+insert into selfconflict values (2,1), (2,2) on conflict do nothing;
+commit;
+
+begin transaction isolation level serializable;
+insert into selfconflict values (3,1), (3,2) on conflict do nothing;
+commit;
+
+begin transaction isolation level read committed;
+insert into selfconflict values (4,1), (4,2) on conflict(f1) do update set f2 = 0;
+commit;
+
+begin transaction isolation level repeatable read;
+insert into selfconflict values (5,1), (5,2) on conflict(f1) do update set f2 = 0;
+commit;
+
+begin transaction isolation level serializable;
+insert into selfconflict values (6,1), (6,2) on conflict(f1) do update set f2 = 0;
+commit;
+
+select * from selfconflict;
+
+drop table selfconflict;
+
+-- check ON CONFLICT handling with partitioned tables
+create table parted_conflict_test (a int unique, b char) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_conflict_test_1 partition of parted_conflict_test (b unique) for values in (1, 2);
+
+-- no indexes required here
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (1, 'a') on conflict do nothing;
+
+-- index on a required, which does exist in parent
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (1, 'a') on conflict (a) do nothing;
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (1, 'a') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+
+-- targeting partition directly will work
+insert into parted_conflict_test_1 values (1, 'a') on conflict (a) do nothing;
+insert into parted_conflict_test_1 values (1, 'b') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+
+-- index on b required, which doesn't exist in parent
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (2, 'b') on conflict (b) do update set a = excluded.a;
+
+-- targeting partition directly will work
+insert into parted_conflict_test_1 values (2, 'b') on conflict (b) do update set a = excluded.a;
+
+-- should see (2, 'b')
+select * from parted_conflict_test order by a;
+
+-- now check that DO UPDATE works correctly for target partition with
+-- different attribute numbers
+create table parted_conflict_test_2 (b char, a int unique);
+alter table parted_conflict_test attach partition parted_conflict_test_2 for values in (3);
+truncate parted_conflict_test;
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (3, 'a') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+insert into parted_conflict_test values (3, 'b') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+
+-- should see (3, 'b')
+select * from parted_conflict_test order by a;
+
+-- case where parent will have a dropped column, but the partition won't
+alter table parted_conflict_test drop b, add b char;
+create table parted_conflict_test_3 partition of parted_conflict_test for values in (4);
+truncate parted_conflict_test;
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (4, 'a') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (4, 'b') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where parted_conflict_test.b = 'a';
+
+-- should see (4, 'b')
+select * from parted_conflict_test order by a;
+
+-- case with multi-level partitioning
+create table parted_conflict_test_4 partition of parted_conflict_test for values in (5) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_conflict_test_4_1 partition of parted_conflict_test_4 for values in (5);
+truncate parted_conflict_test;
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (5, 'a') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (5, 'b') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where parted_conflict_test.b = 'a';
+
+-- should see (5, 'b')
+select * from parted_conflict_test order by a;
+
+-- test with multiple rows
+truncate parted_conflict_test;
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (1, 'a'), (2, 'a'), (4, 'a') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where excluded.b = 'b';
+insert into parted_conflict_test (a, b) values (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (4, 'b') on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where excluded.b = 'b';
+
+-- should see (1, 'b'), (2, 'a'), (4, 'b')
+select * from parted_conflict_test order by a;
+
+drop table parted_conflict_test;
+
+-- test behavior of inserting a conflicting tuple into an intermediate
+-- partitioning level
+create table parted_conflict (a int primary key, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_conflict_1 partition of parted_conflict for values from (0) to (1000) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_conflict_1_1 partition of parted_conflict_1 for values from (0) to (500);
+insert into parted_conflict values (40, 'forty');
+insert into parted_conflict_1 values (40, 'cuarenta')
+  on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+drop table parted_conflict;
+
+-- same thing, but this time try to use an index that's created not in the
+-- partition
+create table parted_conflict (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_conflict_1 partition of parted_conflict for values from (0) to (1000) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_conflict_1_1 partition of parted_conflict_1 for values from (0) to (500);
+create unique index on only parted_conflict_1 (a);
+create unique index on only parted_conflict (a);
+alter index parted_conflict_a_idx attach partition parted_conflict_1_a_idx;
+insert into parted_conflict values (40, 'forty');
+insert into parted_conflict_1 values (40, 'cuarenta')
+  on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+drop table parted_conflict;
+
+-- test whole-row Vars in ON CONFLICT expressions
+create table parted_conflict (a int, b text, c int) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_conflict_1 (drp text, c int, a int, b text);
+alter table parted_conflict_1 drop column drp;
+create unique index on parted_conflict (a, b);
+alter table parted_conflict attach partition parted_conflict_1 for values from (0) to (1000);
+truncate parted_conflict;
+insert into parted_conflict values (50, 'cincuenta', 1);
+insert into parted_conflict values (50, 'cincuenta', 2)
+  on conflict (a, b) do update set (a, b, c) = row(excluded.*)
+  where parted_conflict = (50, text 'cincuenta', 1) and
+        excluded = (50, text 'cincuenta', 2);
+
+-- should see (50, 'cincuenta', 2)
+select * from parted_conflict order by a;
+
+-- test with statement level triggers
+create or replace function parted_conflict_update_func() returns trigger as $$
+declare
+    r record;
+begin
+ for r in select * from inserted loop
+	raise notice 'a = %, b = %, c = %', r.a, r.b, r.c;
+ end loop;
+ return new;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger parted_conflict_update
+    after update on parted_conflict
+    referencing new table as inserted
+    for each statement
+    execute procedure parted_conflict_update_func();
+
+truncate parted_conflict;
+
+insert into parted_conflict values (0, 'cero', 1);
+
+insert into parted_conflict values(0, 'cero', 1)
+  on conflict (a,b) do update set c = parted_conflict.c + 1;
+
+drop table parted_conflict;
+drop function parted_conflict_update_func();
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/int2.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/int2.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea29066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/int2.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+--
+-- INT2
+--
+
+-- int2_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('34.5');
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('100000');
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdf');
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    ');
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('- 1234');
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('4 444');
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123 dt');
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+
+
+SELECT * FROM INT2_TBL;
+
+SELECT * FROM INT2_TBL AS f(a, b);
+
+SELECT * FROM (TABLE int2_tbl) AS s (a, b);
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <> int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <> int4 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 = int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 = int4 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 < int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 < int4 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <= int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <= int4 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 > int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 > int4 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 >= int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE i.f1 >= int4 '0';
+
+-- positive odds
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE (i.f1 % int2 '2') = int2 '1';
+
+-- any evens
+SELECT i.* FROM INT2_TBL i WHERE (i.f1 % int4 '2') = int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i
+WHERE abs(f1) < 16384;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int4 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i
+WHERE f1 < 32766;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int4 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i
+WHERE f1 > -32767;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int4 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 / int2 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 / int4 '2' AS x FROM INT2_TBL i;
+
+-- corner cases
+SELECT (-1::int2<<15)::text;
+SELECT ((-1::int2<<15)+1::int2)::text;
+
+-- check sane handling of INT16_MIN overflow cases
+SELECT (-32768)::int2 * (-1)::int2;
+SELECT (-32768)::int2 / (-1)::int2;
+SELECT (-32768)::int2 % (-1)::int2;
+
+-- check rounding when casting from float
+SELECT x, x::int2 AS int2_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::float8),
+             (-1.5::float8),
+             (-0.5::float8),
+             (0.0::float8),
+             (0.5::float8),
+             (1.5::float8),
+             (2.5::float8)) t(x);
+
+-- check rounding when casting from numeric
+SELECT x, x::int2 AS int2_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::numeric),
+             (-1.5::numeric),
+             (-0.5::numeric),
+             (0.0::numeric),
+             (0.5::numeric),
+             (1.5::numeric),
+             (2.5::numeric)) t(x);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/int4.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/int4.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f19077f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/int4.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+--
+-- INT4
+--
+
+-- int4_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('34.5');
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1000000000000');
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdf');
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('     ');
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('   asdf   ');
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('- 1234');
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('123       5');
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+
+
+SELECT * FROM INT4_TBL;
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <> int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <> int4 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 = int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 = int4 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 < int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 < int4 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <= int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 <= int4 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 > int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 > int4 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 >= int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE i.f1 >= int4 '0';
+
+-- positive odds
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE (i.f1 % int2 '2') = int2 '1';
+
+-- any evens
+SELECT i.* FROM INT4_TBL i WHERE (i.f1 % int4 '2') = int2 '0';
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE abs(f1) < 1073741824;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 * int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE abs(f1) < 1073741824;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE f1 < 2147483646;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 + int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE f1 < 2147483646;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE f1 > -2147483647;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 - int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i
+WHERE f1 > -2147483647;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 / int2 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+
+SELECT i.f1, i.f1 / int4 '2' AS x FROM INT4_TBL i;
+
+--
+-- more complex expressions
+--
+
+-- variations on unary minus parsing
+SELECT -2+3 AS one;
+
+SELECT 4-2 AS two;
+
+SELECT 2- -1 AS three;
+
+SELECT 2 - -2 AS four;
+
+SELECT int2 '2' * int2 '2' = int2 '16' / int2 '4' AS true;
+
+SELECT int4 '2' * int2 '2' = int2 '16' / int4 '4' AS true;
+
+SELECT int2 '2' * int4 '2' = int4 '16' / int2 '4' AS true;
+
+SELECT int4 '1000' < int4 '999' AS false;
+
+SELECT 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 AS ten;
+
+SELECT 2 + 2 / 2 AS three;
+
+SELECT (2 + 2) / 2 AS two;
+
+-- corner case
+SELECT (-1::int4<<31)::text;
+SELECT ((-1::int4<<31)+1)::text;
+
+-- check sane handling of INT_MIN overflow cases
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 * (-1)::int4;
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 / (-1)::int4;
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 % (-1)::int4;
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 * (-1)::int2;
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 / (-1)::int2;
+SELECT (-2147483648)::int4 % (-1)::int2;
+
+-- check rounding when casting from float
+SELECT x, x::int4 AS int4_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::float8),
+             (-1.5::float8),
+             (-0.5::float8),
+             (0.0::float8),
+             (0.5::float8),
+             (1.5::float8),
+             (2.5::float8)) t(x);
+
+-- check rounding when casting from numeric
+SELECT x, x::int4 AS int4_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::numeric),
+             (-1.5::numeric),
+             (-0.5::numeric),
+             (0.0::numeric),
+             (0.5::numeric),
+             (1.5::numeric),
+             (2.5::numeric)) t(x);
+
+-- test gcd()
+SELECT a, b, gcd(a, b), gcd(a, -b), gcd(b, a), gcd(-b, a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::int4, 0::int4),
+             (0::int4, 6410818::int4),
+             (61866666::int4, 6410818::int4),
+             (-61866666::int4, 6410818::int4),
+             ((-2147483648)::int4, 1::int4),
+             ((-2147483648)::int4, 2147483647::int4),
+             ((-2147483648)::int4, 1073741824::int4)) AS v(a, b);
+
+SELECT gcd((-2147483648)::int4, 0::int4); -- overflow
+SELECT gcd((-2147483648)::int4, (-2147483648)::int4); -- overflow
+
+-- test lcm()
+SELECT a, b, lcm(a, b), lcm(a, -b), lcm(b, a), lcm(-b, a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::int4, 0::int4),
+             (0::int4, 42::int4),
+             (42::int4, 42::int4),
+             (330::int4, 462::int4),
+             (-330::int4, 462::int4),
+             ((-2147483648)::int4, 0::int4)) AS v(a, b);
+
+SELECT lcm((-2147483648)::int4, 1::int4); -- overflow
+SELECT lcm(2147483647::int4, 2147483646::int4); -- overflow
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/int8.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/int8.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38b7719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/int8.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+--
+-- INT8
+-- Test int8 64-bit integers.
+--
+
+-- int8_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('      ');
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('xxx');
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('3908203590239580293850293850329485');
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('-1204982019841029840928340329840934');
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('- 123');
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('  345     5');
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL(q1) VALUES ('');
+
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+-- int8/int8 cmp
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 = 4567890123456789;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <> 4567890123456789;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 < 4567890123456789;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 > 4567890123456789;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <= 4567890123456789;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 >= 4567890123456789;
+
+-- int8/int4 cmp
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 = 456;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <> 456;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 < 456;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 > 456;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <= 456;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 >= 456;
+
+-- int4/int8 cmp
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 = q1;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 <> q1;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 < q1;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 > q1;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 <= q1;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE 123 >= q1;
+
+-- int8/int2 cmp
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 = '456'::int2;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <> '456'::int2;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 < '456'::int2;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 > '456'::int2;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 <= '456'::int2;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE q2 >= '456'::int2;
+
+-- int2/int8 cmp
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 = q1;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 <> q1;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 < q1;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 > q1;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 <= q1;
+SELECT * FROM INT8_TBL WHERE '123'::int2 >= q1;
+
+
+SELECT q1 AS plus, -q1 AS minus FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 + q2 AS plus FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 - q2 AS minus FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 * q2 AS multiply FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 * q2 AS multiply FROM INT8_TBL
+ WHERE q1 < 1000 or (q2 > 0 and q2 < 1000);
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 / q2 AS divide, q1 % q2 AS mod FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+SELECT q1, float8(q1) FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT q2, float8(q2) FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+SELECT 37 + q1 AS plus4 FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT 37 - q1 AS minus4 FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT 2 * q1 AS "twice int4" FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT q1 * 2 AS "twice int4" FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+-- int8 op int4
+SELECT q1 + 42::int4 AS "8plus4", q1 - 42::int4 AS "8minus4", q1 * 42::int4 AS "8mul4", q1 / 42::int4 AS "8div4" FROM INT8_TBL;
+-- int4 op int8
+SELECT 246::int4 + q1 AS "4plus8", 246::int4 - q1 AS "4minus8", 246::int4 * q1 AS "4mul8", 246::int4 / q1 AS "4div8" FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+-- int8 op int2
+SELECT q1 + 42::int2 AS "8plus2", q1 - 42::int2 AS "8minus2", q1 * 42::int2 AS "8mul2", q1 / 42::int2 AS "8div2" FROM INT8_TBL;
+-- int2 op int8
+SELECT 246::int2 + q1 AS "2plus8", 246::int2 - q1 AS "2minus8", 246::int2 * q1 AS "2mul8", 246::int2 / q1 AS "2div8" FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+SELECT q2, abs(q2) FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT min(q1), min(q2) FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT max(q1), max(q2) FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+
+-- TO_CHAR()
+--
+SELECT to_char(q1, '9G999G999G999G999G999'), to_char(q2, '9,999,999,999,999,999')
+	FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(q1, '9G999G999G999G999G999D999G999'), to_char(q2, '9,999,999,999,999,999.999,999')
+	FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char( (q1 * -1), '9999999999999999PR'), to_char( (q2 * -1), '9999999999999999.999PR')
+	FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char( (q1 * -1), '9999999999999999S'), to_char( (q2 * -1), 'S9999999999999999')
+	FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'MI9999999999999999')     FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'FMS9999999999999999')    FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'FM9999999999999999THPR') FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'SG9999999999999999th')   FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, '0999999999999999')       FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'S0999999999999999')      FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'FM0999999999999999')     FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'FM9999999999999999.000') FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'L9999999999999999.000')  FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'FM9999999999999999.999') FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, 'S 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 9 9') FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, E'99999 "text" 9999 "9999" 999 "\\"text between quote marks\\"" 9999') FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT to_char(q2, '999999SG9999999999')     FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+-- check min/max values and overflow behavior
+
+select '-9223372036854775808'::int8;
+select '-9223372036854775809'::int8;
+select '9223372036854775807'::int8;
+select '9223372036854775808'::int8;
+
+select -('-9223372036854775807'::int8);
+select -('-9223372036854775808'::int8);
+
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 + '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+select '-9223372036854775800'::int8 + '-9223372036854775800'::int8;
+
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 - '-9223372036854775800'::int8;
+select '-9223372036854775800'::int8 - '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 * '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 / '0'::int8;
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 % '0'::int8;
+
+select abs('-9223372036854775808'::int8);
+
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 + '100'::int4;
+select '-9223372036854775800'::int8 - '100'::int4;
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 * '100'::int4;
+
+select '100'::int4 + '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+select '-100'::int4 - '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+select '100'::int4 * '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 + '100'::int2;
+select '-9223372036854775800'::int8 - '100'::int2;
+select '9223372036854775800'::int8 * '100'::int2;
+select '-9223372036854775808'::int8 / '0'::int2;
+
+select '100'::int2 + '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+select '-100'::int2 - '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+select '100'::int2 * '9223372036854775800'::int8;
+select '100'::int2 / '0'::int8;
+
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS int4) FROM int8_tbl WHERE q2 = 456;
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS int4) FROM int8_tbl WHERE q2 <> 456;
+
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS int2) FROM int8_tbl WHERE q2 = 456;
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS int2) FROM int8_tbl WHERE q2 <> 456;
+
+SELECT CAST('42'::int2 AS int8), CAST('-37'::int2 AS int8);
+
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS float4), CAST(q2 AS float8) FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT CAST('36854775807.0'::float4 AS int8);
+SELECT CAST('922337203685477580700.0'::float8 AS int8);
+
+SELECT CAST(q1 AS oid) FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT oid::int8 FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'pg_class';
+
+
+-- bit operations
+
+SELECT q1, q2, q1 & q2 AS "and", q1 | q2 AS "or", q1 # q2 AS "xor", ~q1 AS "not" FROM INT8_TBL;
+SELECT q1, q1 << 2 AS "shl", q1 >> 3 AS "shr" FROM INT8_TBL;
+
+
+-- generate_series
+
+SELECT * FROM generate_series('+4567890123456789'::int8, '+4567890123456799'::int8);
+SELECT * FROM generate_series('+4567890123456789'::int8, '+4567890123456799'::int8, 0);
+SELECT * FROM generate_series('+4567890123456789'::int8, '+4567890123456799'::int8, 2);
+
+-- corner case
+SELECT (-1::int8<<63)::text;
+SELECT ((-1::int8<<63)+1)::text;
+
+-- check sane handling of INT64_MIN overflow cases
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 * (-1)::int8;
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 / (-1)::int8;
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 % (-1)::int8;
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 * (-1)::int4;
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 / (-1)::int4;
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 % (-1)::int4;
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 * (-1)::int2;
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 / (-1)::int2;
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808)::int8 % (-1)::int2;
+
+-- check rounding when casting from float
+SELECT x, x::int8 AS int8_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::float8),
+             (-1.5::float8),
+             (-0.5::float8),
+             (0.0::float8),
+             (0.5::float8),
+             (1.5::float8),
+             (2.5::float8)) t(x);
+
+-- check rounding when casting from numeric
+SELECT x, x::int8 AS int8_value
+FROM (VALUES (-2.5::numeric),
+             (-1.5::numeric),
+             (-0.5::numeric),
+             (0.0::numeric),
+             (0.5::numeric),
+             (1.5::numeric),
+             (2.5::numeric)) t(x);
+
+-- test gcd()
+SELECT a, b, gcd(a, b), gcd(a, -b), gcd(b, a), gcd(-b, a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::int8, 0::int8),
+             (0::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             (288484263558::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             (-288484263558::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             ((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 1::int8),
+             ((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 9223372036854775807::int8),
+             ((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 4611686018427387904::int8)) AS v(a, b);
+
+SELECT gcd((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 0::int8); -- overflow
+SELECT gcd((-9223372036854775808)::int8, (-9223372036854775808)::int8); -- overflow
+
+-- test lcm()
+SELECT a, b, lcm(a, b), lcm(a, -b), lcm(b, a), lcm(-b, a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::int8, 0::int8),
+             (0::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             (29893644334::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             (288484263558::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             (-288484263558::int8, 29893644334::int8),
+             ((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 0::int8)) AS v(a, b);
+
+SELECT lcm((-9223372036854775808)::int8, 1::int8); -- overflow
+SELECT lcm(9223372036854775807::int8, 9223372036854775806::int8); -- overflow
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/interval.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/interval.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b4944c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/interval.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+--
+-- INTERVAL
+--
+
+SET DATESTYLE = 'ISO';
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres;
+
+-- check acceptance of "time zone style"
+SELECT INTERVAL '01:00' AS "One hour";
+SELECT INTERVAL '+02:00' AS "Two hours";
+SELECT INTERVAL '-08:00' AS "Eight hours";
+SELECT INTERVAL '-1 +02:03' AS "22 hours ago...";
+SELECT INTERVAL '-1 days +02:03' AS "22 hours ago...";
+SELECT INTERVAL '1.5 weeks' AS "Ten days twelve hours";
+SELECT INTERVAL '1.5 months' AS "One month 15 days";
+SELECT INTERVAL '10 years -11 month -12 days +13:14' AS "9 years...";
+
+CREATE TABLE INTERVAL_TBL (f1 interval);
+
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 1 minute');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 5 hour');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 10 day');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 34 year');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 3 months');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 14 seconds ago');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1 day 2 hours 3 minutes 4 seconds');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('6 years');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('5 months');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('5 months 12 hours');
+
+-- badly formatted interval
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('badly formatted interval');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 30 eons ago');
+
+-- test interval operators
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL;
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 <> interval '@ 10 days';
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 <= interval '@ 5 hours';
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 < interval '@ 1 day';
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 = interval '@ 34 years';
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 >= interval '@ 1 month';
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL
+   WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 > interval '@ 3 seconds ago';
+
+SELECT r1.*, r2.*
+   FROM INTERVAL_TBL r1, INTERVAL_TBL r2
+   WHERE r1.f1 > r2.f1
+   ORDER BY r1.f1, r2.f1;
+
+-- Test intervals that are large enough to overflow 64 bits in comparisons
+CREATE TEMP TABLE INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1 interval);
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES
+  ('2147483647 days 2147483647 months'),
+  ('2147483647 days -2147483648 months'),
+  ('1 year'),
+  ('-2147483648 days 2147483647 months'),
+  ('-2147483648 days -2147483648 months');
+-- these should fail as out-of-range
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('2147483648 days');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('-2147483649 days');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('2147483647 years');
+INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('-2147483648 years');
+
+-- Test edge-case overflow detection in interval multiplication
+select extract(epoch from '256 microseconds'::interval * (2^55)::float8);
+
+SELECT r1.*, r2.*
+   FROM INTERVAL_TBL_OF r1, INTERVAL_TBL_OF r2
+   WHERE r1.f1 > r2.f1
+   ORDER BY r1.f1, r2.f1;
+
+CREATE INDEX ON INTERVAL_TBL_OF USING btree (f1);
+SET enable_seqscan TO false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT f1 FROM INTERVAL_TBL_OF r1 ORDER BY f1;
+SELECT f1 FROM INTERVAL_TBL_OF r1 ORDER BY f1;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+DROP TABLE INTERVAL_TBL_OF;
+
+-- Test multiplication and division with intervals.
+-- Floating point arithmetic rounding errors can lead to unexpected results,
+-- though the code attempts to do the right thing and round up to days and
+-- minutes to avoid results such as '3 days 24:00 hours' or '14:20:60'.
+-- Note that it is expected for some day components to be greater than 29 and
+-- some time components be greater than 23:59:59 due to how intervals are
+-- stored internally.
+
+CREATE TABLE INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL (span interval);
+COPY INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL FROM STDIN;
+41 mon 12 days 360:00
+-41 mon -12 days +360:00
+-12 days
+9 mon -27 days 12:34:56
+-3 years 482 days 76:54:32.189
+4 mon
+14 mon
+999 mon 999 days
+\.
+
+SELECT span * 0.3 AS product
+FROM INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL;
+
+SELECT span * 8.2 AS product
+FROM INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL;
+
+SELECT span / 10 AS quotient
+FROM INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL;
+
+SELECT span / 100 AS quotient
+FROM INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL;
+
+DROP TABLE INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL;
+
+SET DATESTYLE = 'postgres';
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres_verbose;
+
+SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL;
+
+-- test avg(interval), which is somewhat fragile since people have been
+-- known to change the allowed input syntax for type interval without
+-- updating pg_aggregate.agginitval
+
+select avg(f1) from interval_tbl;
+
+-- test long interval input
+select '4 millenniums 5 centuries 4 decades 1 year 4 months 4 days 17 minutes 31 seconds'::interval;
+
+-- test long interval output
+-- Note: the actual maximum length of the interval output is longer,
+-- but we need the test to work for both integer and floating-point
+-- timestamps.
+select '100000000y 10mon -1000000000d -100000h -10min -10.000001s ago'::interval;
+
+-- test justify_hours() and justify_days()
+
+SELECT justify_hours(interval '6 months 3 days 52 hours 3 minutes 2 seconds') as "6 mons 5 days 4 hours 3 mins 2 seconds";
+SELECT justify_days(interval '6 months 36 days 5 hours 4 minutes 3 seconds') as "7 mons 6 days 5 hours 4 mins 3 seconds";
+
+SELECT justify_hours(interval '2147483647 days 24 hrs');
+SELECT justify_days(interval '2147483647 months 30 days');
+
+-- test justify_interval()
+
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '1 month -1 hour') as "1 month -1 hour";
+
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '2147483647 days 24 hrs');
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '-2147483648 days -24 hrs');
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '2147483647 months 30 days');
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '-2147483648 months -30 days');
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '2147483647 months 30 days -24 hrs');
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '-2147483648 months -30 days 24 hrs');
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '2147483647 months -30 days 1440 hrs');
+SELECT justify_interval(interval '-2147483648 months 30 days -1440 hrs');
+
+-- test fractional second input, and detection of duplicate units
+SET DATESTYLE = 'ISO';
+SET IntervalStyle TO postgres;
+
+SELECT '1 millisecond'::interval, '1 microsecond'::interval,
+       '500 seconds 99 milliseconds 51 microseconds'::interval;
+SELECT '3 days 5 milliseconds'::interval;
+
+SELECT '1 second 2 seconds'::interval;              -- error
+SELECT '10 milliseconds 20 milliseconds'::interval; -- error
+SELECT '5.5 seconds 3 milliseconds'::interval;      -- error
+SELECT '1:20:05 5 microseconds'::interval;          -- error
+SELECT '1 day 1 day'::interval;                     -- error
+SELECT interval '1-2';  -- SQL year-month literal
+SELECT interval '999' second;  -- oversize leading field is ok
+SELECT interval '999' minute;
+SELECT interval '999' hour;
+SELECT interval '999' day;
+SELECT interval '999' month;
+
+-- test SQL-spec syntaxes for restricted field sets
+SELECT interval '1' year;
+SELECT interval '2' month;
+SELECT interval '3' day;
+SELECT interval '4' hour;
+SELECT interval '5' minute;
+SELECT interval '6' second;
+SELECT interval '1' year to month;
+SELECT interval '1-2' year to month;
+SELECT interval '1 2' day to hour;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to hour;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' day to hour;
+SELECT interval '1 2' day to minute;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to minute;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' day to minute;
+SELECT interval '1 2' day to second;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to second;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' day to second;
+SELECT interval '1 2' hour to minute;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' hour to minute;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' hour to minute;
+SELECT interval '1 2' hour to second;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' hour to second;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' hour to second;
+SELECT interval '1 2' minute to second;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' minute to second;
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' minute to second;
+SELECT interval '1 +2:03' minute to second;
+SELECT interval '1 +2:03:04' minute to second;
+SELECT interval '1 -2:03' minute to second;
+SELECT interval '1 -2:03:04' minute to second;
+SELECT interval '123 11' day to hour; -- ok
+SELECT interval '123 11' day; -- not ok
+SELECT interval '123 11'; -- not ok, too ambiguous
+SELECT interval '123 2:03 -2:04'; -- not ok, redundant hh:mm fields
+
+-- test syntaxes for restricted precision
+SELECT interval(0) '1 day 01:23:45.6789';
+SELECT interval(2) '1 day 01:23:45.6789';
+SELECT interval '12:34.5678' minute to second(2);  -- per SQL spec
+SELECT interval '1.234' second;
+SELECT interval '1.234' second(2);
+SELECT interval '1 2.345' day to second(2);
+SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to second(2);
+SELECT interval '1 2:03.4567' day to second(2);
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04.5678' day to second(2);
+SELECT interval '1 2.345' hour to second(2);
+SELECT interval '1 2:03.45678' hour to second(2);
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04.5678' hour to second(2);
+SELECT interval '1 2.3456' minute to second(2);
+SELECT interval '1 2:03.5678' minute to second(2);
+SELECT interval '1 2:03:04.5678' minute to second(2);
+
+-- test casting to restricted precision (bug #14479)
+SELECT f1, f1::INTERVAL DAY TO MINUTE AS "minutes",
+  (f1 + INTERVAL '1 month')::INTERVAL MONTH::INTERVAL YEAR AS "years"
+  FROM interval_tbl;
+
+-- test inputting and outputting SQL standard interval literals
+SET IntervalStyle TO sql_standard;
+SELECT  interval '0'                       AS "zero",
+        interval '1-2' year to month       AS "year-month",
+        interval '1 2:03:04' day to second AS "day-time",
+        - interval '1-2'                   AS "negative year-month",
+        - interval '1 2:03:04'             AS "negative day-time";
+
+-- test input of some not-quite-standard interval values in the sql style
+SET IntervalStyle TO postgres;
+SELECT  interval '+1 -1:00:00',
+        interval '-1 +1:00:00',
+        interval '+1-2 -3 +4:05:06.789',
+        interval '-1-2 +3 -4:05:06.789';
+
+-- cases that trigger sign-matching rules in the sql style
+SELECT  interval '-23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 day 23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 year 2 months 1 day 23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 year 2 months 1 day 23 hours 45 min +12.34 sec';
+
+-- test output of couple non-standard interval values in the sql style
+SET IntervalStyle TO sql_standard;
+SELECT  interval '1 day -1 hours',
+        interval '-1 days +1 hours',
+        interval '1 years 2 months -3 days 4 hours 5 minutes 6.789 seconds',
+        - interval '1 years 2 months -3 days 4 hours 5 minutes 6.789 seconds';
+
+-- cases that trigger sign-matching rules in the sql style
+SELECT  interval '-23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 day 23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 year 2 months 1 day 23 hours 45 min 12.34 sec',
+        interval '-1 year 2 months 1 day 23 hours 45 min +12.34 sec';
+
+-- edge case for sign-matching rules
+SELECT  interval '';  -- error
+
+-- test outputting iso8601 intervals
+SET IntervalStyle to iso_8601;
+select  interval '0'                                AS "zero",
+        interval '1-2'                              AS "a year 2 months",
+        interval '1 2:03:04'                        AS "a bit over a day",
+        interval '2:03:04.45679'                    AS "a bit over 2 hours",
+        (interval '1-2' + interval '3 4:05:06.7')   AS "all fields",
+        (interval '1-2' - interval '3 4:05:06.7')   AS "mixed sign",
+        (- interval '1-2' + interval '3 4:05:06.7') AS "negative";
+
+-- test inputting ISO 8601 4.4.2.1 "Format With Time Unit Designators"
+SET IntervalStyle to sql_standard;
+select  interval 'P0Y'                    AS "zero",
+        interval 'P1Y2M'                  AS "a year 2 months",
+        interval 'P1W'                    AS "a week",
+        interval 'P1DT2H3M4S'             AS "a bit over a day",
+        interval 'P1Y2M3DT4H5M6.7S'       AS "all fields",
+        interval 'P-1Y-2M-3DT-4H-5M-6.7S' AS "negative",
+        interval 'PT-0.1S'                AS "fractional second";
+
+-- test inputting ISO 8601 4.4.2.2 "Alternative Format"
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres;
+select  interval 'P00021015T103020'       AS "ISO8601 Basic Format",
+        interval 'P0002-10-15T10:30:20'   AS "ISO8601 Extended Format";
+
+-- Make sure optional ISO8601 alternative format fields are optional.
+select  interval 'P0002'                  AS "year only",
+        interval 'P0002-10'               AS "year month",
+        interval 'P0002-10-15'            AS "year month day",
+        interval 'P0002T1S'               AS "year only plus time",
+        interval 'P0002-10T1S'            AS "year month plus time",
+        interval 'P0002-10-15T1S'         AS "year month day plus time",
+        interval 'PT10'                   AS "hour only",
+        interval 'PT10:30'                AS "hour minute";
+
+-- Check handling of fractional fields in ISO8601 format.
+select interval 'P1Y0M3DT4H5M6S';
+select interval 'P1.0Y0M3DT4H5M6S';
+select interval 'P1.1Y0M3DT4H5M6S';
+select interval 'P1.Y0M3DT4H5M6S';
+select interval 'P.1Y0M3DT4H5M6S';
+select interval 'P10.5e4Y';  -- not per spec, but we've historically taken it
+select interval 'P.Y0M3DT4H5M6S';  -- error
+
+-- test a couple rounding cases that changed since 8.3 w/ HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP.
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres_verbose;
+select interval '-10 mons -3 days +03:55:06.70';
+select interval '1 year 2 mons 3 days 04:05:06.699999';
+select interval '0:0:0.7', interval '@ 0.70 secs', interval '0.7 seconds';
+
+-- test time fields using entire 64 bit microseconds range
+select interval '2562047788.01521550194 hours';
+select interval '-2562047788.01521550222 hours';
+select interval '153722867280.912930117 minutes';
+select interval '-153722867280.912930133 minutes';
+select interval '9223372036854.775807 seconds';
+select interval '-9223372036854.775808 seconds';
+select interval '9223372036854775.807 milliseconds';
+select interval '-9223372036854775.808 milliseconds';
+select interval '9223372036854775807 microseconds';
+select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds';
+
+select interval 'PT2562047788H54.775807S';
+select interval 'PT-2562047788H-54.775808S';
+
+select interval 'PT2562047788:00:54.775807';
+
+select interval 'PT2562047788.0152155019444';
+select interval 'PT-2562047788.0152155022222';
+
+-- overflow each date/time field
+select interval '2147483648 years';
+select interval '-2147483649 years';
+select interval '2147483648 months';
+select interval '-2147483649 months';
+select interval '2147483648 days';
+select interval '-2147483649 days';
+select interval '2562047789 hours';
+select interval '-2562047789 hours';
+select interval '153722867281 minutes';
+select interval '-153722867281 minutes';
+select interval '9223372036855 seconds';
+select interval '-9223372036855 seconds';
+select interval '9223372036854777 millisecond';
+select interval '-9223372036854777 millisecond';
+select interval '9223372036854775808 microsecond';
+select interval '-9223372036854775809 microsecond';
+
+select interval 'P2147483648';
+select interval 'P-2147483649';
+select interval 'P1-2147483647-2147483647';
+select interval 'PT2562047789';
+select interval 'PT-2562047789';
+
+-- overflow with date/time unit aliases
+select interval '2147483647 weeks';
+select interval '-2147483648 weeks';
+select interval '2147483647 decades';
+select interval '-2147483648 decades';
+select interval '2147483647 centuries';
+select interval '-2147483648 centuries';
+select interval '2147483647 millennium';
+select interval '-2147483648 millennium';
+
+select interval '1 week 2147483647 days';
+select interval '-1 week -2147483648 days';
+select interval '2147483647 days 1 week';
+select interval '-2147483648 days -1 week';
+
+select interval 'P1W2147483647D';
+select interval 'P-1W-2147483648D';
+select interval 'P2147483647D1W';
+select interval 'P-2147483648D-1W';
+
+select interval '1 decade 2147483647 years';
+select interval '1 century 2147483647 years';
+select interval '1 millennium 2147483647 years';
+select interval '-1 decade -2147483648 years';
+select interval '-1 century -2147483648 years';
+select interval '-1 millennium -2147483648 years';
+
+select interval '2147483647 years 1 decade';
+select interval '2147483647 years 1 century';
+select interval '2147483647 years 1 millennium';
+select interval '-2147483648 years -1 decade';
+select interval '-2147483648 years -1 century';
+select interval '-2147483648 years -1 millennium';
+
+-- overflowing with fractional fields - postgres format
+select interval '0.1 millennium 2147483647 months';
+select interval '0.1 centuries 2147483647 months';
+select interval '0.1 decades 2147483647 months';
+select interval '0.1 yrs 2147483647 months';
+select interval '-0.1 millennium -2147483648 months';
+select interval '-0.1 centuries -2147483648 months';
+select interval '-0.1 decades -2147483648 months';
+select interval '-0.1 yrs -2147483648 months';
+
+select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 millennium';
+select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 centuries';
+select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 decades';
+select interval '2147483647 months 0.1 yrs';
+select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 millennium';
+select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 centuries';
+select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 decades';
+select interval '-2147483648 months -0.1 yrs';
+
+select interval '0.1 months 2147483647 days';
+select interval '-0.1 months -2147483648 days';
+select interval '2147483647 days 0.1 months';
+select interval '-2147483648 days -0.1 months';
+
+select interval '0.5 weeks 2147483647 days';
+select interval '-0.5 weeks -2147483648 days';
+select interval '2147483647 days 0.5 weeks';
+select interval '-2147483648 days -0.5 weeks';
+
+select interval '0.01 months 9223372036854775807 microseconds';
+select interval '-0.01 months -9223372036854775808 microseconds';
+select interval '9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.01 months';
+select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.01 months';
+
+select interval '0.1 weeks 9223372036854775807 microseconds';
+select interval '-0.1 weeks -9223372036854775808 microseconds';
+select interval '9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.1 weeks';
+select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.1 weeks';
+
+select interval '0.1 days 9223372036854775807 microseconds';
+select interval '-0.1 days -9223372036854775808 microseconds';
+select interval '9223372036854775807 microseconds 0.1 days';
+select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds -0.1 days';
+
+-- overflowing with fractional fields - ISO8601 format
+select interval 'P0.1Y2147483647M';
+select interval 'P-0.1Y-2147483648M';
+select interval 'P2147483647M0.1Y';
+select interval 'P-2147483648M-0.1Y';
+
+select interval 'P0.1M2147483647D';
+select interval 'P-0.1M-2147483648D';
+select interval 'P2147483647D0.1M';
+select interval 'P-2147483648D-0.1M';
+
+select interval 'P0.5W2147483647D';
+select interval 'P-0.5W-2147483648D';
+select interval 'P2147483647D0.5W';
+select interval 'P-2147483648D-0.5W';
+
+select interval 'P0.01MT2562047788H54.775807S';
+select interval 'P-0.01MT-2562047788H-54.775808S';
+
+select interval 'P0.1DT2562047788H54.775807S';
+select interval 'P-0.1DT-2562047788H-54.775808S';
+
+select interval 'PT2562047788.1H54.775807S';
+select interval 'PT-2562047788.1H-54.775808S';
+
+select interval 'PT2562047788H0.1M54.775807S';
+select interval 'PT-2562047788H-0.1M-54.775808S';
+
+-- overflowing with fractional fields - ISO8601 alternative format
+select interval 'P0.1-2147483647-00';
+select interval 'P00-0.1-2147483647';
+select interval 'P00-0.01-00T2562047788:00:54.775807';
+select interval 'P00-00-0.1T2562047788:00:54.775807';
+select interval 'PT2562047788.1:00:54.775807';
+select interval 'PT2562047788:01.:54.775807';
+
+-- overflowing with fractional fields - SQL standard format
+select interval '0.1 2562047788:0:54.775807';
+select interval '0.1 2562047788:0:54.775808 ago';
+
+select interval '2562047788.1:0:54.775807';
+select interval '2562047788.1:0:54.775808 ago';
+
+select interval '2562047788:0.1:54.775807';
+select interval '2562047788:0.1:54.775808 ago';
+
+-- overflowing using AGO with INT_MIN
+select interval '-2147483648 months ago';
+select interval '-2147483648 days ago';
+select interval '-9223372036854775808 microseconds ago';
+select interval '-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -9223372036854775808 microseconds ago';
+
+-- test that INT_MIN number is formatted properly
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres;
+select interval '-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -9223372036854775808 us';
+SET IntervalStyle to sql_standard;
+select interval '-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -9223372036854775808 us';
+SET IntervalStyle to iso_8601;
+select interval '-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -9223372036854775808 us';
+SET IntervalStyle to postgres_verbose;
+select interval '-2147483648 months -2147483648 days -9223372036854775808 us';
+
+-- check that '30 days' equals '1 month' according to the hash function
+select '30 days'::interval = '1 month'::interval as t;
+select interval_hash('30 days'::interval) = interval_hash('1 month'::interval) as t;
+
+-- numeric constructor
+select make_interval(years := 2);
+select make_interval(years := 1, months := 6);
+select make_interval(years := 1, months := -1, weeks := 5, days := -7, hours := 25, mins := -180);
+
+select make_interval() = make_interval(years := 0, months := 0, weeks := 0, days := 0, mins := 0, secs := 0.0);
+select make_interval(hours := -2, mins := -10, secs := -25.3);
+
+select make_interval(years := 'inf'::float::int);
+select make_interval(months := 'NaN'::float::int);
+select make_interval(secs := 'inf');
+select make_interval(secs := 'NaN');
+select make_interval(secs := 7e12);
+
+--
+-- test EXTRACT
+--
+SELECT f1,
+    EXTRACT(MICROSECOND FROM f1) AS MICROSECOND,
+    EXTRACT(MILLISECOND FROM f1) AS MILLISECOND,
+    EXTRACT(SECOND FROM f1) AS SECOND,
+    EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM f1) AS MINUTE,
+    EXTRACT(HOUR FROM f1) AS HOUR,
+    EXTRACT(DAY FROM f1) AS DAY,
+    EXTRACT(MONTH FROM f1) AS MONTH,
+    EXTRACT(QUARTER FROM f1) AS QUARTER,
+    EXTRACT(YEAR FROM f1) AS YEAR,
+    EXTRACT(DECADE FROM f1) AS DECADE,
+    EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM f1) AS CENTURY,
+    EXTRACT(MILLENNIUM FROM f1) AS MILLENNIUM,
+    EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM f1) AS EPOCH
+    FROM INTERVAL_TBL;
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(FORTNIGHT FROM INTERVAL '2 days');  -- error
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE FROM INTERVAL '2 days');  -- error
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '100 y');
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '99 y');
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '-99 y');
+SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '-100 y');
+
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM INTERVAL '100 y');
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM INTERVAL '99 y');
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM INTERVAL '-99 y');
+SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM INTERVAL '-100 y');
+
+-- date_part implementation is mostly the same as extract, so only
+-- test a few cases for additional coverage.
+SELECT f1,
+    date_part('microsecond', f1) AS microsecond,
+    date_part('millisecond', f1) AS millisecond,
+    date_part('second', f1) AS second,
+    date_part('epoch', f1) AS epoch
+    FROM INTERVAL_TBL;
+
+-- internal overflow test case
+SELECT extract(epoch from interval '1000000000 days');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/join.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/join.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fdacce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/join.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,2344 @@
+--
+-- JOIN
+-- Test JOIN clauses
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE J1_TBL (
+  i integer,
+  j integer,
+  t text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE J2_TBL (
+  i integer,
+  k integer
+);
+
+
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (1, 4, 'one');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (2, 3, 'two');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (3, 2, 'three');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (4, 1, 'four');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (5, 0, 'five');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (6, 6, 'six');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (7, 7, 'seven');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (8, 8, 'eight');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (0, NULL, 'zero');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (NULL, NULL, 'null');
+INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (NULL, 0, 'zero');
+
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (1, -1);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (2, 2);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (3, -3);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (2, 4);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (5, -5);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (5, -5);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (0, NULL);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (NULL, NULL);
+INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (NULL, 0);
+
+-- useful in some tests below
+create temp table onerow();
+insert into onerow default values;
+analyze onerow;
+
+
+--
+-- CORRELATION NAMES
+-- Make sure that table/column aliases are supported
+-- before diving into more complex join syntax.
+--
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL AS tx;
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL tx;
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL AS t1 (a, b, c);
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c);
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c), J2_TBL t2 (d, e);
+
+SELECT t1.a, t2.e
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c), J2_TBL t2 (d, e)
+  WHERE t1.a = t2.d;
+
+
+--
+-- CROSS JOIN
+-- Qualifications are not allowed on cross joins,
+-- which degenerate into a standard unqualified inner join.
+--
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL;
+
+-- ambiguous column
+SELECT i, k, t
+  FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL;
+
+-- resolve previous ambiguity by specifying the table name
+SELECT t1.i, k, t
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 CROSS JOIN J2_TBL t2;
+
+SELECT ii, tt, kk
+  FROM (J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL)
+    AS tx (ii, jj, tt, ii2, kk);
+
+SELECT tx.ii, tx.jj, tx.kk
+  FROM (J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) CROSS JOIN J2_TBL t2 (d, e))
+    AS tx (ii, jj, tt, ii2, kk);
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL a CROSS JOIN J2_TBL b;
+
+
+--
+--
+-- Inner joins (equi-joins)
+--
+--
+
+--
+-- Inner joins (equi-joins) with USING clause
+-- The USING syntax changes the shape of the resulting table
+-- by including a column in the USING clause only once in the result.
+--
+
+-- Inner equi-join on specified column
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL INNER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
+
+-- Same as above, slightly different syntax
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, d) USING (a)
+  ORDER BY a, d;
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, b) USING (b)
+  ORDER BY b, t1.a;
+
+-- test join using aliases
+SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';  -- ok
+SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';  -- ok
+SELECT * FROM (J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';  -- error
+SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE x.i = 1;  -- ok
+SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE x.t = 'one';  -- error
+SELECT * FROM (J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x) AS xx WHERE x.i = 1;  -- error (XXX could use better hint)
+SELECT * FROM J1_TBL a1 JOIN J2_TBL a2 USING (i) AS a1;  -- error
+SELECT x.* FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';
+SELECT ROW(x.*) FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';
+SELECT row_to_json(x.*) FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';
+
+--
+-- NATURAL JOIN
+-- Inner equi-join on all columns with the same name
+--
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL;
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, d);
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (d, a);
+
+-- mismatch number of columns
+-- currently, Postgres will fill in with underlying names
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a);
+
+
+--
+-- Inner joins (equi-joins)
+--
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i = J2_TBL.i);
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i = J2_TBL.k);
+
+
+--
+-- Non-equi-joins
+--
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i <= J2_TBL.k);
+
+
+--
+-- Outer joins
+-- Note that OUTER is a noise word
+--
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL LEFT OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
+  ORDER BY i, k, t;
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
+  ORDER BY i, k, t;
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL RIGHT OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL RIGHT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL FULL OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
+  ORDER BY i, k, t;
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL FULL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)
+  ORDER BY i, k, t;
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE (k = 1);
+
+SELECT *
+  FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE (i = 1);
+
+--
+-- semijoin selectivity for <>
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl i4, tenk1 a
+where exists(select * from tenk1 b
+             where a.twothousand = b.twothousand and a.fivethous <> b.fivethous)
+      and i4.f1 = a.tenthous;
+
+
+--
+-- More complicated constructs
+--
+
+--
+-- Multiway full join
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE t1 (name TEXT, n INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE t2 (name TEXT, n INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE t3 (name TEXT, n INTEGER);
+
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ( 'bb', 11 );
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'bb', 12 );
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'cc', 22 );
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'ee', 42 );
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'bb', 13 );
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'cc', 23 );
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'dd', 33 );
+
+SELECT * FROM t1 FULL JOIN t2 USING (name) FULL JOIN t3 USING (name);
+
+--
+-- Test interactions of join syntax and subqueries
+--
+
+-- Basic cases (we expect planner to pull up the subquery here)
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2
+INNER JOIN
+(SELECT * FROM t3) s3
+USING (name);
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2
+LEFT JOIN
+(SELECT * FROM t3) s3
+USING (name);
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2
+FULL JOIN
+(SELECT * FROM t3) s3
+USING (name);
+
+-- Cases with non-nullable expressions in subquery results;
+-- make sure these go to null as expected
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+NATURAL INNER JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+NATURAL LEFT JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+NATURAL FULL JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s1_n, 1 as s1_1 FROM t1) as s1
+NATURAL INNER JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+NATURAL INNER JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s1_n, 1 as s1_1 FROM t1) as s1
+NATURAL FULL JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+NATURAL FULL JOIN
+(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1
+NATURAL FULL JOIN
+  (SELECT * FROM
+    (SELECT name, n as s2_n FROM t2) as s2
+    NATURAL FULL JOIN
+    (SELECT name, n as s3_n FROM t3) as s3
+  ) ss2;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+(SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1
+NATURAL FULL JOIN
+  (SELECT * FROM
+    (SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2
+    NATURAL FULL JOIN
+    (SELECT name, n as s3_n FROM t3) as s3
+  ) ss2;
+
+-- Constants as join keys can also be problematic
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1
+FULL JOIN
+  (SELECT name, 2 as s2_n FROM t2) as s2
+ON (s1_n = s2_n);
+
+
+-- Test for propagation of nullability constraints into sub-joins
+
+create temp table x (x1 int, x2 int);
+insert into x values (1,11);
+insert into x values (2,22);
+insert into x values (3,null);
+insert into x values (4,44);
+insert into x values (5,null);
+
+create temp table y (y1 int, y2 int);
+insert into y values (1,111);
+insert into y values (2,222);
+insert into y values (3,333);
+insert into y values (4,null);
+
+select * from x;
+select * from y;
+
+select * from x left join y on (x1 = y1 and x2 is not null);
+select * from x left join y on (x1 = y1 and y2 is not null);
+
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1);
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1 and x2 is not null);
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1 and y2 is not null);
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1 and xx2 is not null);
+-- these should NOT give the same answers as above
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1) where (x2 is not null);
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1) where (y2 is not null);
+select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2)
+on (x1 = xx1) where (xx2 is not null);
+
+--
+-- regression test: check for bug with propagation of implied equality
+-- to outside an IN
+--
+select count(*) from tenk1 a where unique1 in
+  (select unique1 from tenk1 b join tenk1 c using (unique1)
+   where b.unique2 = 42);
+
+--
+-- regression test: check for failure to generate a plan with multiple
+-- degenerate IN clauses
+--
+select count(*) from tenk1 x where
+  x.unique1 in (select a.f1 from int4_tbl a,float8_tbl b where a.f1=b.f1) and
+  x.unique1 = 0 and
+  x.unique1 in (select aa.f1 from int4_tbl aa,float8_tbl bb where aa.f1=bb.f1);
+
+-- try that with GEQO too
+begin;
+set geqo = on;
+set geqo_threshold = 2;
+select count(*) from tenk1 x where
+  x.unique1 in (select a.f1 from int4_tbl a,float8_tbl b where a.f1=b.f1) and
+  x.unique1 = 0 and
+  x.unique1 in (select aa.f1 from int4_tbl aa,float8_tbl bb where aa.f1=bb.f1);
+rollback;
+
+--
+-- regression test: be sure we cope with proven-dummy append rels
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select aa, bb, unique1, unique1
+  from tenk1 right join b_star on aa = unique1
+  where bb < bb and bb is null;
+
+select aa, bb, unique1, unique1
+  from tenk1 right join b_star on aa = unique1
+  where bb < bb and bb is null;
+
+--
+-- regression test: check handling of empty-FROM subquery underneath outer join
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl i1 left join (int8_tbl i2 join
+  (select 123 as x) ss on i2.q1 = x) on i1.q2 = i2.q2
+order by 1, 2;
+
+select * from int8_tbl i1 left join (int8_tbl i2 join
+  (select 123 as x) ss on i2.q1 = x) on i1.q2 = i2.q2
+order by 1, 2;
+
+--
+-- regression test: check a case where join_clause_is_movable_into() gives
+-- an imprecise result, causing an assertion failure
+--
+select count(*)
+from
+  (select t3.tenthous as x1, coalesce(t1.stringu1, t2.stringu1) as x2
+   from tenk1 t1
+   left join tenk1 t2 on t1.unique1 = t2.unique1
+   join tenk1 t3 on t1.unique2 = t3.unique2) ss,
+  tenk1 t4,
+  tenk1 t5
+where t4.thousand = t5.unique1 and ss.x1 = t4.tenthous and ss.x2 = t5.stringu1;
+
+--
+-- regression test: check a case where we formerly missed including an EC
+-- enforcement clause because it was expected to be handled at scan level
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select a.f1, b.f1, t.thousand, t.tenthous from
+  tenk1 t,
+  (select sum(f1)+1 as f1 from int4_tbl i4a) a,
+  (select sum(f1) as f1 from int4_tbl i4b) b
+where b.f1 = t.thousand and a.f1 = b.f1 and (a.f1+b.f1+999) = t.tenthous;
+
+select a.f1, b.f1, t.thousand, t.tenthous from
+  tenk1 t,
+  (select sum(f1)+1 as f1 from int4_tbl i4a) a,
+  (select sum(f1) as f1 from int4_tbl i4b) b
+where b.f1 = t.thousand and a.f1 = b.f1 and (a.f1+b.f1+999) = t.tenthous;
+
+--
+-- check a case where we formerly got confused by conflicting sort orders
+-- in redundant merge join path keys
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  j1_tbl full join
+  (select * from j2_tbl order by j2_tbl.i desc, j2_tbl.k asc) j2_tbl
+  on j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.i and j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.k;
+
+select * from
+  j1_tbl full join
+  (select * from j2_tbl order by j2_tbl.i desc, j2_tbl.k asc) j2_tbl
+  on j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.i and j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.k;
+
+--
+-- a different check for handling of redundant sort keys in merge joins
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  (select * from tenk1 x order by x.thousand, x.twothousand, x.fivethous) x
+  left join
+  (select * from tenk1 y order by y.unique2) y
+  on x.thousand = y.unique2 and x.twothousand = y.hundred and x.fivethous = y.unique2;
+
+select count(*) from
+  (select * from tenk1 x order by x.thousand, x.twothousand, x.fivethous) x
+  left join
+  (select * from tenk1 y order by y.unique2) y
+  on x.thousand = y.unique2 and x.twothousand = y.hundred and x.fivethous = y.unique2;
+
+
+--
+-- Clean up
+--
+
+DROP TABLE t1;
+DROP TABLE t2;
+DROP TABLE t3;
+
+DROP TABLE J1_TBL;
+DROP TABLE J2_TBL;
+
+-- Both DELETE and UPDATE allow the specification of additional tables
+-- to "join" against to determine which rows should be modified.
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t1 (a int, b int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t2 (a int, b int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t3 (x int, y int);
+
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (5, 10);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (15, 20);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (100, 100);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (200, 1000);
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (200, 2000);
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (5, 20);
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (6, 7);
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (7, 8);
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (500, 100);
+
+DELETE FROM t3 USING t1 table1 WHERE t3.x = table1.a;
+SELECT * FROM t3;
+DELETE FROM t3 USING t1 JOIN t2 USING (a) WHERE t3.x > t1.a;
+SELECT * FROM t3;
+DELETE FROM t3 USING t3 t3_other WHERE t3.x = t3_other.x AND t3.y = t3_other.y;
+SELECT * FROM t3;
+
+-- Test join against inheritance tree
+
+create temp table t2a () inherits (t2);
+
+insert into t2a values (200, 2001);
+
+select * from t1 left join t2 on (t1.a = t2.a);
+
+-- Test matching of column name with wrong alias
+
+select t1.x from t1 join t3 on (t1.a = t3.x);
+
+-- Test matching of locking clause with wrong alias
+
+select t1.*, t2.*, unnamed_join.* from
+  t1 join t2 on (t1.a = t2.a), t3 as unnamed_join
+  for update of unnamed_join;
+
+select foo.*, unnamed_join.* from
+  t1 join t2 using (a) as foo, t3 as unnamed_join
+  for update of unnamed_join;
+
+select foo.*, unnamed_join.* from
+  t1 join t2 using (a) as foo, t3 as unnamed_join
+  for update of foo;
+
+select bar.*, unnamed_join.* from
+  (t1 join t2 using (a) as foo) as bar, t3 as unnamed_join
+  for update of foo;
+
+select bar.*, unnamed_join.* from
+  (t1 join t2 using (a) as foo) as bar, t3 as unnamed_join
+  for update of bar;
+
+--
+-- regression test for 8.1 merge right join bug
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tt1 ( tt1_id int4, joincol int4 );
+INSERT INTO tt1 VALUES (1, 11);
+INSERT INTO tt1 VALUES (2, NULL);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE tt2 ( tt2_id int4, joincol int4 );
+INSERT INTO tt2 VALUES (21, 11);
+INSERT INTO tt2 VALUES (22, 11);
+
+set enable_hashjoin to off;
+set enable_nestloop to off;
+
+-- these should give the same results
+
+select tt1.*, tt2.* from tt1 left join tt2 on tt1.joincol = tt2.joincol;
+
+select tt1.*, tt2.* from tt2 right join tt1 on tt1.joincol = tt2.joincol;
+
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_nestloop;
+
+--
+-- regression test for bug #13908 (hash join with skew tuples & nbatch increase)
+--
+
+set work_mem to '64kB';
+set enable_mergejoin to off;
+set enable_memoize to off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from tenk1 a, tenk1 b
+  where a.hundred = b.thousand and (b.fivethous % 10) < 10;
+select count(*) from tenk1 a, tenk1 b
+  where a.hundred = b.thousand and (b.fivethous % 10) < 10;
+
+reset work_mem;
+reset enable_mergejoin;
+reset enable_memoize;
+
+--
+-- regression test for 8.2 bug with improper re-ordering of left joins
+--
+
+create temp table tt3(f1 int, f2 text);
+insert into tt3 select x, repeat('xyzzy', 100) from generate_series(1,10000) x;
+create index tt3i on tt3(f1);
+analyze tt3;
+
+create temp table tt4(f1 int);
+insert into tt4 values (0),(1),(9999);
+analyze tt4;
+
+SELECT a.f1
+FROM tt4 a
+LEFT JOIN (
+        SELECT b.f1
+        FROM tt3 b LEFT JOIN tt3 c ON (b.f1 = c.f1)
+        WHERE c.f1 IS NULL
+) AS d ON (a.f1 = d.f1)
+WHERE d.f1 IS NULL;
+
+--
+-- regression test for proper handling of outer joins within antijoins
+--
+
+create temp table tt4x(c1 int, c2 int, c3 int);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tt4x t1
+where not exists (
+  select 1 from tt4x t2
+    left join tt4x t3 on t2.c3 = t3.c1
+    left join ( select t5.c1 as c1
+                from tt4x t4 left join tt4x t5 on t4.c2 = t5.c1
+              ) a1 on t3.c2 = a1.c1
+  where t1.c1 = t2.c2
+);
+
+--
+-- regression test for problems of the sort depicted in bug #3494
+--
+
+create temp table tt5(f1 int, f2 int);
+create temp table tt6(f1 int, f2 int);
+
+insert into tt5 values(1, 10);
+insert into tt5 values(1, 11);
+
+insert into tt6 values(1, 9);
+insert into tt6 values(1, 2);
+insert into tt6 values(2, 9);
+
+select * from tt5,tt6 where tt5.f1 = tt6.f1 and tt5.f1 = tt5.f2 - tt6.f2;
+
+--
+-- regression test for problems of the sort depicted in bug #3588
+--
+
+create temp table xx (pkxx int);
+create temp table yy (pkyy int, pkxx int);
+
+insert into xx values (1);
+insert into xx values (2);
+insert into xx values (3);
+
+insert into yy values (101, 1);
+insert into yy values (201, 2);
+insert into yy values (301, NULL);
+
+select yy.pkyy as yy_pkyy, yy.pkxx as yy_pkxx, yya.pkyy as yya_pkyy,
+       xxa.pkxx as xxa_pkxx, xxb.pkxx as xxb_pkxx
+from yy
+     left join (SELECT * FROM yy where pkyy = 101) as yya ON yy.pkyy = yya.pkyy
+     left join xx xxa on yya.pkxx = xxa.pkxx
+     left join xx xxb on coalesce (xxa.pkxx, 1) = xxb.pkxx;
+
+--
+-- regression test for improper pushing of constants across outer-join clauses
+-- (as seen in early 8.2.x releases)
+--
+
+create temp table zt1 (f1 int primary key);
+create temp table zt2 (f2 int primary key);
+create temp table zt3 (f3 int primary key);
+insert into zt1 values(53);
+insert into zt2 values(53);
+
+select * from
+  zt2 left join zt3 on (f2 = f3)
+      left join zt1 on (f3 = f1)
+where f2 = 53;
+
+create temp view zv1 as select *,'dummy'::text AS junk from zt1;
+
+select * from
+  zt2 left join zt3 on (f2 = f3)
+      left join zv1 on (f3 = f1)
+where f2 = 53;
+
+--
+-- regression test for improper extraction of OR indexqual conditions
+-- (as seen in early 8.3.x releases)
+--
+
+select a.unique2, a.ten, b.tenthous, b.unique2, b.hundred
+from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b on a.unique2 = b.tenthous
+where a.unique1 = 42 and
+      ((b.unique2 is null and a.ten = 2) or b.hundred = 3);
+
+--
+-- test proper positioning of one-time quals in EXISTS (8.4devel bug)
+--
+prepare foo(bool) as
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b
+    on (a.unique2 = b.unique1 and exists
+        (select 1 from tenk1 c where c.thousand = b.unique2 and $1));
+execute foo(true);
+execute foo(false);
+
+--
+-- test for sane behavior with noncanonical merge clauses, per bug #4926
+--
+
+begin;
+
+set enable_mergejoin = 1;
+set enable_hashjoin = 0;
+set enable_nestloop = 0;
+
+create temp table a (i integer);
+create temp table b (x integer, y integer);
+
+select * from a left join b on i = x and i = y and x = i;
+
+rollback;
+
+--
+-- test handling of merge clauses using record_ops
+--
+begin;
+
+create type mycomptype as (id int, v bigint);
+
+create temp table tidv (idv mycomptype);
+create index on tidv (idv);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select a.idv, b.idv from tidv a, tidv b where a.idv = b.idv;
+
+set enable_mergejoin = 0;
+set enable_hashjoin = 0;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select a.idv, b.idv from tidv a, tidv b where a.idv = b.idv;
+
+rollback;
+
+--
+-- test NULL behavior of whole-row Vars, per bug #5025
+--
+select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
+from int8_tbl t1 left join int8_tbl t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
+group by t1.q2 order by 1;
+
+select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
+from int8_tbl t1 left join (select * from int8_tbl) t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
+group by t1.q2 order by 1;
+
+select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
+from int8_tbl t1 left join (select * from int8_tbl offset 0) t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
+group by t1.q2 order by 1;
+
+select t1.q2, count(t2.*)
+from int8_tbl t1 left join
+  (select q1, case when q2=1 then 1 else q2 end as q2 from int8_tbl) t2
+  on (t1.q2 = t2.q1)
+group by t1.q2 order by 1;
+
+--
+-- test incorrect failure to NULL pulled-up subexpressions
+--
+begin;
+
+create temp table a (
+     code char not null,
+     constraint a_pk primary key (code)
+);
+create temp table b (
+     a char not null,
+     num integer not null,
+     constraint b_pk primary key (a, num)
+);
+create temp table c (
+     name char not null,
+     a char,
+     constraint c_pk primary key (name)
+);
+
+insert into a (code) values ('p');
+insert into a (code) values ('q');
+insert into b (a, num) values ('p', 1);
+insert into b (a, num) values ('p', 2);
+insert into c (name, a) values ('A', 'p');
+insert into c (name, a) values ('B', 'q');
+insert into c (name, a) values ('C', null);
+
+select c.name, ss.code, ss.b_cnt, ss.const
+from c left join
+  (select a.code, coalesce(b_grp.cnt, 0) as b_cnt, -1 as const
+   from a left join
+     (select count(1) as cnt, b.a from b group by b.a) as b_grp
+     on a.code = b_grp.a
+  ) as ss
+  on (c.a = ss.code)
+order by c.name;
+
+rollback;
+
+--
+-- test incorrect handling of placeholders that only appear in targetlists,
+-- per bug #6154
+--
+SELECT * FROM
+( SELECT 1 as key1 ) sub1
+LEFT JOIN
+( SELECT sub3.key3, sub4.value2, COALESCE(sub4.value2, 66) as value3 FROM
+    ( SELECT 1 as key3 ) sub3
+    LEFT JOIN
+    ( SELECT sub5.key5, COALESCE(sub6.value1, 1) as value2 FROM
+        ( SELECT 1 as key5 ) sub5
+        LEFT JOIN
+        ( SELECT 2 as key6, 42 as value1 ) sub6
+        ON sub5.key5 = sub6.key6
+    ) sub4
+    ON sub4.key5 = sub3.key3
+) sub2
+ON sub1.key1 = sub2.key3;
+
+-- test the path using join aliases, too
+SELECT * FROM
+( SELECT 1 as key1 ) sub1
+LEFT JOIN
+( SELECT sub3.key3, value2, COALESCE(value2, 66) as value3 FROM
+    ( SELECT 1 as key3 ) sub3
+    LEFT JOIN
+    ( SELECT sub5.key5, COALESCE(sub6.value1, 1) as value2 FROM
+        ( SELECT 1 as key5 ) sub5
+        LEFT JOIN
+        ( SELECT 2 as key6, 42 as value1 ) sub6
+        ON sub5.key5 = sub6.key6
+    ) sub4
+    ON sub4.key5 = sub3.key3
+) sub2
+ON sub1.key1 = sub2.key3;
+
+--
+-- test case where a PlaceHolderVar is used as a nestloop parameter
+--
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT qq, unique1
+  FROM
+  ( SELECT COALESCE(q1, 0) AS qq FROM int8_tbl a ) AS ss1
+  FULL OUTER JOIN
+  ( SELECT COALESCE(q2, -1) AS qq FROM int8_tbl b ) AS ss2
+  USING (qq)
+  INNER JOIN tenk1 c ON qq = unique2;
+
+SELECT qq, unique1
+  FROM
+  ( SELECT COALESCE(q1, 0) AS qq FROM int8_tbl a ) AS ss1
+  FULL OUTER JOIN
+  ( SELECT COALESCE(q2, -1) AS qq FROM int8_tbl b ) AS ss2
+  USING (qq)
+  INNER JOIN tenk1 c ON qq = unique2;
+
+--
+-- nested nestloops can require nested PlaceHolderVars
+--
+
+create temp table nt1 (
+  id int primary key,
+  a1 boolean,
+  a2 boolean
+);
+create temp table nt2 (
+  id int primary key,
+  nt1_id int,
+  b1 boolean,
+  b2 boolean,
+  foreign key (nt1_id) references nt1(id)
+);
+create temp table nt3 (
+  id int primary key,
+  nt2_id int,
+  c1 boolean,
+  foreign key (nt2_id) references nt2(id)
+);
+
+insert into nt1 values (1,true,true);
+insert into nt1 values (2,true,false);
+insert into nt1 values (3,false,false);
+insert into nt2 values (1,1,true,true);
+insert into nt2 values (2,2,true,false);
+insert into nt2 values (3,3,false,false);
+insert into nt3 values (1,1,true);
+insert into nt3 values (2,2,false);
+insert into nt3 values (3,3,true);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select nt3.id
+from nt3 as nt3
+  left join
+    (select nt2.*, (nt2.b1 and ss1.a3) AS b3
+     from nt2 as nt2
+       left join
+         (select nt1.*, (nt1.id is not null) as a3 from nt1) as ss1
+         on ss1.id = nt2.nt1_id
+    ) as ss2
+    on ss2.id = nt3.nt2_id
+where nt3.id = 1 and ss2.b3;
+
+select nt3.id
+from nt3 as nt3
+  left join
+    (select nt2.*, (nt2.b1 and ss1.a3) AS b3
+     from nt2 as nt2
+       left join
+         (select nt1.*, (nt1.id is not null) as a3 from nt1) as ss1
+         on ss1.id = nt2.nt1_id
+    ) as ss2
+    on ss2.id = nt3.nt2_id
+where nt3.id = 1 and ss2.b3;
+
+--
+-- test case where a PlaceHolderVar is propagated into a subquery
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  int8_tbl t1 left join
+  (select q1 as x, 42 as y from int8_tbl t2) ss
+  on t1.q2 = ss.x
+where
+  1 = (select 1 from int8_tbl t3 where ss.y is not null limit 1)
+order by 1,2;
+
+select * from
+  int8_tbl t1 left join
+  (select q1 as x, 42 as y from int8_tbl t2) ss
+  on t1.q2 = ss.x
+where
+  1 = (select 1 from int8_tbl t3 where ss.y is not null limit 1)
+order by 1,2;
+
+--
+-- variant where a PlaceHolderVar is needed at a join, but not above the join
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  int4_tbl as i41,
+  lateral
+    (select 1 as x from
+      (select i41.f1 as lat,
+              i42.f1 as loc from
+         int8_tbl as i81, int4_tbl as i42) as ss1
+      right join int4_tbl as i43 on (i43.f1 > 1)
+      where ss1.loc = ss1.lat) as ss2
+where i41.f1 > 0;
+
+select * from
+  int4_tbl as i41,
+  lateral
+    (select 1 as x from
+      (select i41.f1 as lat,
+              i42.f1 as loc from
+         int8_tbl as i81, int4_tbl as i42) as ss1
+      right join int4_tbl as i43 on (i43.f1 > 1)
+      where ss1.loc = ss1.lat) as ss2
+where i41.f1 > 0;
+
+--
+-- test the corner cases FULL JOIN ON TRUE and FULL JOIN ON FALSE
+--
+select * from int4_tbl a full join int4_tbl b on true;
+select * from int4_tbl a full join int4_tbl b on false;
+
+--
+-- test for ability to use a cartesian join when necessary
+--
+
+create temp table q1 as select 1 as q1;
+create temp table q2 as select 0 as q2;
+analyze q1;
+analyze q2;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  tenk1 join int4_tbl on f1 = twothousand,
+  q1, q2
+where q1 = thousand or q2 = thousand;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  tenk1 join int4_tbl on f1 = twothousand,
+  q1, q2
+where thousand = (q1 + q2);
+
+--
+-- test ability to generate a suitable plan for a star-schema query
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  tenk1, int8_tbl a, int8_tbl b
+where thousand = a.q1 and tenthous = b.q1 and a.q2 = 1 and b.q2 = 2;
+
+--
+-- test a corner case in which we shouldn't apply the star-schema optimization
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
+  tenk1 t1
+  inner join int4_tbl i1
+    left join (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11 AS d1
+               from (select 1,0 from onerow) v1(x1,x2)
+               left join (select 3,1 from onerow) v2(y1,y2)
+               on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1
+    on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2)
+  on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1)
+  left join tenk1 t2
+  on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1)
+where t1.unique2 < 42 and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
+
+select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
+  tenk1 t1
+  inner join int4_tbl i1
+    left join (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11 AS d1
+               from (select 1,0 from onerow) v1(x1,x2)
+               left join (select 3,1 from onerow) v2(y1,y2)
+               on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1
+    on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2)
+  on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1)
+  left join tenk1 t2
+  on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1)
+where t1.unique2 < 42 and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
+
+-- variant that isn't quite a star-schema case
+
+select ss1.d1 from
+  tenk1 as t1
+  inner join tenk1 as t2
+  on t1.tenthous = t2.ten
+  inner join
+    int8_tbl as i8
+    left join int4_tbl as i4
+      inner join (select 64::information_schema.cardinal_number as d1
+                  from tenk1 t3,
+                       lateral (select abs(t3.unique1) + random()) ss0(x)
+                  where t3.fivethous < 0) as ss1
+      on i4.f1 = ss1.d1
+    on i8.q1 = i4.f1
+  on t1.tenthous = ss1.d1
+where t1.unique1 < i4.f1;
+
+-- this variant is foldable by the remove-useless-RESULT-RTEs code
+
+explain (costs off)
+select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
+  tenk1 t1
+  inner join int4_tbl i1
+    left join (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11 AS d1
+               from (values(1,0)) v1(x1,x2)
+               left join (values(3,1)) v2(y1,y2)
+               on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1
+    on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2)
+  on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1)
+  left join tenk1 t2
+  on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1)
+where t1.unique2 < 42 and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
+
+select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
+  tenk1 t1
+  inner join int4_tbl i1
+    left join (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11 AS d1
+               from (values(1,0)) v1(x1,x2)
+               left join (values(3,1)) v2(y1,y2)
+               on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1
+    on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2)
+  on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1)
+  left join tenk1 t2
+  on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1)
+where t1.unique2 < 42 and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
+
+-- Here's a variant that we can't fold too aggressively, though,
+-- or we end up with noplace to evaluate the lateral PHV
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 1 as x) ss1 left join (select 2 as y) ss2 on (true),
+  lateral (select ss2.y as z limit 1) ss3;
+select * from
+  (select 1 as x) ss1 left join (select 2 as y) ss2 on (true),
+  lateral (select ss2.y as z limit 1) ss3;
+
+-- Test proper handling of appendrel PHVs during useless-RTE removal
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 0 as z) as t1
+  left join
+  (select true as a) as t2
+  on true,
+  lateral (select true as b
+           union all
+           select a as b) as t3
+where b;
+
+select * from
+  (select 0 as z) as t1
+  left join
+  (select true as a) as t2
+  on true,
+  lateral (select true as b
+           union all
+           select a as b) as t3
+where b;
+
+-- Test PHV in a semijoin qual, which confused useless-RTE removal (bug #17700)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with ctetable as not materialized ( select 1 as f1 )
+select * from ctetable c1
+where f1 in ( select c3.f1 from ctetable c2 full join ctetable c3 on true );
+
+with ctetable as not materialized ( select 1 as f1 )
+select * from ctetable c1
+where f1 in ( select c3.f1 from ctetable c2 full join ctetable c3 on true );
+
+--
+-- test inlining of immutable functions
+--
+create function f_immutable_int4(i integer) returns integer as
+$$ begin return i; end; $$ language plpgsql immutable;
+
+-- check optimization of function scan with join
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1, (select * from f_immutable_int4(1) x) x
+where x = unique1;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select unique1, x.*
+from tenk1, (select *, random() from f_immutable_int4(1) x) x
+where x = unique1;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1, f_immutable_int4(1) x where x = unique1;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1, lateral f_immutable_int4(1) x where x = unique1;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1, lateral f_immutable_int4(1) x where x in (select 17);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, x from tenk1 join f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, x from tenk1 left join f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, x from tenk1 right join f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, x from tenk1 full join f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
+
+-- check that pullup of a const function allows further const-folding
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1, f_immutable_int4(1) x where x = 42;
+
+-- test inlining of immutable functions with PlaceHolderVars
+explain (costs off)
+select nt3.id
+from nt3 as nt3
+  left join
+    (select nt2.*, (nt2.b1 or i4 = 42) AS b3
+     from nt2 as nt2
+       left join
+         f_immutable_int4(0) i4
+         on i4 = nt2.nt1_id
+    ) as ss2
+    on ss2.id = nt3.nt2_id
+where nt3.id = 1 and ss2.b3;
+
+drop function f_immutable_int4(int);
+
+-- test inlining when function returns composite
+
+create function mki8(bigint, bigint) returns int8_tbl as
+$$select row($1,$2)::int8_tbl$$ language sql;
+
+create function mki4(int) returns int4_tbl as
+$$select row($1)::int4_tbl$$ language sql;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from mki8(1,2);
+select * from mki8(1,2);
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from mki4(42);
+select * from mki4(42);
+
+drop function mki8(bigint, bigint);
+drop function mki4(int);
+
+--
+-- test extraction of restriction OR clauses from join OR clause
+-- (we used to only do this for indexable clauses)
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
+  (a.unique1 = 1 and b.unique1 = 2) or (a.unique2 = 3 and b.hundred = 4);
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
+  (a.unique1 = 1 and b.unique1 = 2) or (a.unique2 = 3 and b.ten = 4);
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
+  (a.unique1 = 1 and b.unique1 = 2) or
+  ((a.unique2 = 3 or a.unique2 = 7) and b.hundred = 4);
+
+--
+-- test placement of movable quals in a parameterized join tree
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tenk1 t1 left join
+  (tenk1 t2 join tenk1 t3 on t2.thousand = t3.unique2)
+  on t1.hundred = t2.hundred and t1.ten = t3.ten
+where t1.unique1 = 1;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tenk1 t1 left join
+  (tenk1 t2 join tenk1 t3 on t2.thousand = t3.unique2)
+  on t1.hundred = t2.hundred and t1.ten + t2.ten = t3.ten
+where t1.unique1 = 1;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
+  left join tenk1 c on a.unique2 = b.unique1 and c.thousand = a.thousand
+  join int4_tbl on b.thousand = f1;
+
+select count(*) from
+  tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
+  left join tenk1 c on a.unique2 = b.unique1 and c.thousand = a.thousand
+  join int4_tbl on b.thousand = f1;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select b.unique1 from
+  tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
+  left join tenk1 c on b.unique1 = 42 and c.thousand = a.thousand
+  join int4_tbl i1 on b.thousand = f1
+  right join int4_tbl i2 on i2.f1 = b.tenthous
+  order by 1;
+
+select b.unique1 from
+  tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2
+  left join tenk1 c on b.unique1 = 42 and c.thousand = a.thousand
+  join int4_tbl i1 on b.thousand = f1
+  right join int4_tbl i2 on i2.f1 = b.tenthous
+  order by 1;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+(
+  select unique1, q1, coalesce(unique1, -1) + q1 as fault
+  from int8_tbl left join tenk1 on (q2 = unique2)
+) ss
+where fault = 122
+order by fault;
+
+select * from
+(
+  select unique1, q1, coalesce(unique1, -1) + q1 as fault
+  from int8_tbl left join tenk1 on (q2 = unique2)
+) ss
+where fault = 122
+order by fault;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+(values (1, array[10,20]), (2, array[20,30])) as v1(v1x,v1ys)
+left join (values (1, 10), (2, 20)) as v2(v2x,v2y) on v2x = v1x
+left join unnest(v1ys) as u1(u1y) on u1y = v2y;
+
+select * from
+(values (1, array[10,20]), (2, array[20,30])) as v1(v1x,v1ys)
+left join (values (1, 10), (2, 20)) as v2(v2x,v2y) on v2x = v1x
+left join unnest(v1ys) as u1(u1y) on u1y = v2y;
+
+--
+-- test handling of potential equivalence clauses above outer joins
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+select q1, unique2, thousand, hundred
+  from int8_tbl a left join tenk1 b on q1 = unique2
+  where coalesce(thousand,123) = q1 and q1 = coalesce(hundred,123);
+
+select q1, unique2, thousand, hundred
+  from int8_tbl a left join tenk1 b on q1 = unique2
+  where coalesce(thousand,123) = q1 and q1 = coalesce(hundred,123);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select f1, unique2, case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end
+  from int4_tbl a left join tenk1 b on f1 = unique2
+  where (case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end) = 0;
+
+select f1, unique2, case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end
+  from int4_tbl a left join tenk1 b on f1 = unique2
+  where (case when unique2 is null then f1 else 0 end) = 0;
+
+--
+-- another case with equivalence clauses above outer joins (bug #8591)
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+select a.unique1, b.unique1, c.unique1, coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
+  from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b on b.thousand = a.unique1                        left join tenk1 c on c.unique2 = coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
+  where a.unique2 < 10 and coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) = 44;
+
+select a.unique1, b.unique1, c.unique1, coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
+  from tenk1 a left join tenk1 b on b.thousand = a.unique1                        left join tenk1 c on c.unique2 = coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand)
+  where a.unique2 < 10 and coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) = 44;
+
+--
+-- check handling of join aliases when flattening multiple levels of subquery
+--
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select foo1.join_key as foo1_id, foo3.join_key AS foo3_id, bug_field from
+  (values (0),(1)) foo1(join_key)
+left join
+  (select join_key, bug_field from
+    (select ss1.join_key, ss1.bug_field from
+      (select f1 as join_key, 666 as bug_field from int4_tbl i1) ss1
+    ) foo2
+   left join
+    (select unique2 as join_key from tenk1 i2) ss2
+   using (join_key)
+  ) foo3
+using (join_key);
+
+select foo1.join_key as foo1_id, foo3.join_key AS foo3_id, bug_field from
+  (values (0),(1)) foo1(join_key)
+left join
+  (select join_key, bug_field from
+    (select ss1.join_key, ss1.bug_field from
+      (select f1 as join_key, 666 as bug_field from int4_tbl i1) ss1
+    ) foo2
+   left join
+    (select unique2 as join_key from tenk1 i2) ss2
+   using (join_key)
+  ) foo3
+using (join_key);
+
+--
+-- test successful handling of nested outer joins with degenerate join quals
+--
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2
+                 where q1 = f1) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+
+select t1.* from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1
+    left join int8_tbl i8
+      left join (select *, null::int as d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2
+                 where q1 = f1) b2
+      on (i8.q1 = b2.q1)
+    on (b2.d2 = b1.q2)
+  on (t1.f1 = b1.d1)
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  inner join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 456
+  right join text_tbl t2
+  on t1.f1 = 'doh!'
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
+
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  inner join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 456
+  right join text_tbl t2
+  on t1.f1 = 'doh!'
+  left join int4_tbl i4
+  on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
+
+--
+-- test for appropriate join order in the presence of lateral references
+--
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 123,
+  lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit 1) as ss
+where t1.f1 = ss.f1;
+
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 123,
+  lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit 1) as ss
+where t1.f1 = ss.f1;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 123,
+  lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit 1) as ss1,
+  lateral (select ss1.* from text_tbl t3 limit 1) as ss2
+where t1.f1 = ss2.f1;
+
+select * from
+  text_tbl t1
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+  on i8.q2 = 123,
+  lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit 1) as ss1,
+  lateral (select ss1.* from text_tbl t3 limit 1) as ss2
+where t1.f1 = ss2.f1;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select 1 from
+  text_tbl as tt1
+  inner join text_tbl as tt2 on (tt1.f1 = 'foo')
+  left join text_tbl as tt3 on (tt3.f1 = 'foo')
+  left join text_tbl as tt4 on (tt3.f1 = tt4.f1),
+  lateral (select tt4.f1 as c0 from text_tbl as tt5 limit 1) as ss1
+where tt1.f1 = ss1.c0;
+
+select 1 from
+  text_tbl as tt1
+  inner join text_tbl as tt2 on (tt1.f1 = 'foo')
+  left join text_tbl as tt3 on (tt3.f1 = 'foo')
+  left join text_tbl as tt4 on (tt3.f1 = tt4.f1),
+  lateral (select tt4.f1 as c0 from text_tbl as tt5 limit 1) as ss1
+where tt1.f1 = ss1.c0;
+
+--
+-- check a case in which a PlaceHolderVar forces join order
+--
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select ss2.* from
+  int4_tbl i41
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+    join (select i42.f1 as c1, i43.f1 as c2, 42 as c3
+          from int4_tbl i42, int4_tbl i43) ss1
+    on i8.q1 = ss1.c2
+  on i41.f1 = ss1.c1,
+  lateral (select i41.*, i8.*, ss1.* from text_tbl limit 1) ss2
+where ss1.c2 = 0;
+
+select ss2.* from
+  int4_tbl i41
+  left join int8_tbl i8
+    join (select i42.f1 as c1, i43.f1 as c2, 42 as c3
+          from int4_tbl i42, int4_tbl i43) ss1
+    on i8.q1 = ss1.c2
+  on i41.f1 = ss1.c1,
+  lateral (select i41.*, i8.*, ss1.* from text_tbl limit 1) ss2
+where ss1.c2 = 0;
+
+--
+-- test successful handling of full join underneath left join (bug #14105)
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 1 as id) as xx
+  left join
+    (tenk1 as a1 full join (select 1 as id) as yy on (a1.unique1 = yy.id))
+  on (xx.id = coalesce(yy.id));
+
+select * from
+  (select 1 as id) as xx
+  left join
+    (tenk1 as a1 full join (select 1 as id) as yy on (a1.unique1 = yy.id))
+  on (xx.id = coalesce(yy.id));
+
+--
+-- test ability to push constants through outer join clauses
+--
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from int4_tbl a left join tenk1 b on f1 = unique2 where f1 = 0;
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from tenk1 a full join tenk1 b using(unique2) where unique2 = 42;
+
+--
+-- test that quals attached to an outer join have correct semantics,
+-- specifically that they don't re-use expressions computed below the join;
+-- we force a mergejoin so that coalesce(b.q1, 1) appears as a join input
+--
+
+set enable_hashjoin to off;
+set enable_nestloop to off;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select a.q2, b.q1
+    from int8_tbl a left join int8_tbl b on a.q2 = coalesce(b.q1, 1)
+    where coalesce(b.q1, 1) > 0;
+select a.q2, b.q1
+  from int8_tbl a left join int8_tbl b on a.q2 = coalesce(b.q1, 1)
+  where coalesce(b.q1, 1) > 0;
+
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_nestloop;
+
+--
+-- test join removal
+--
+
+begin;
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE a (id int PRIMARY KEY, b_id int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE b (id int PRIMARY KEY, c_id int);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE c (id int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE d (a int, b int);
+INSERT INTO a VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL);
+INSERT INTO b VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL);
+INSERT INTO c VALUES (0), (1);
+INSERT INTO d VALUES (1,3), (2,2), (3,1);
+
+-- all three cases should be optimizable into a simple seqscan
+explain (costs off) SELECT a.* FROM a LEFT JOIN b ON a.b_id = b.id;
+explain (costs off) SELECT b.* FROM b LEFT JOIN c ON b.c_id = c.id;
+explain (costs off)
+  SELECT a.* FROM a LEFT JOIN (b left join c on b.c_id = c.id)
+  ON (a.b_id = b.id);
+
+-- check optimization of outer join within another special join
+explain (costs off)
+select id from a where id in (
+	select b.id from b left join c on b.id = c.id
+);
+
+-- check that join removal works for a left join when joining a subquery
+-- that is guaranteed to be unique by its GROUP BY clause
+explain (costs off)
+select d.* from d left join (select * from b group by b.id, b.c_id) s
+  on d.a = s.id and d.b = s.c_id;
+
+-- similarly, but keying off a DISTINCT clause
+explain (costs off)
+select d.* from d left join (select distinct * from b) s
+  on d.a = s.id and d.b = s.c_id;
+
+-- join removal is not possible when the GROUP BY contains a column that is
+-- not in the join condition.  (Note: as of 9.6, we notice that b.id is a
+-- primary key and so drop b.c_id from the GROUP BY of the resulting plan;
+-- but this happens too late for join removal in the outer plan level.)
+explain (costs off)
+select d.* from d left join (select * from b group by b.id, b.c_id) s
+  on d.a = s.id;
+
+-- similarly, but keying off a DISTINCT clause
+explain (costs off)
+select d.* from d left join (select distinct * from b) s
+  on d.a = s.id;
+
+-- check join removal works when uniqueness of the join condition is enforced
+-- by a UNION
+explain (costs off)
+select d.* from d left join (select id from a union select id from b) s
+  on d.a = s.id;
+
+-- check join removal with a cross-type comparison operator
+explain (costs off)
+select i8.* from int8_tbl i8 left join (select f1 from int4_tbl group by f1) i4
+  on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
+
+-- check join removal with lateral references
+explain (costs off)
+select 1 from (select a.id FROM a left join b on a.b_id = b.id) q,
+			  lateral generate_series(1, q.id) gs(i) where q.id = gs.i;
+
+rollback;
+
+create temp table parent (k int primary key, pd int);
+create temp table child (k int unique, cd int);
+insert into parent values (1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30);
+insert into child values (1, 100), (4, 400);
+
+-- this case is optimizable
+select p.* from parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k);
+explain (costs off)
+  select p.* from parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k);
+
+-- this case is not
+select p.*, linked from parent p
+  left join (select c.*, true as linked from child c) as ss
+  on (p.k = ss.k);
+explain (costs off)
+  select p.*, linked from parent p
+    left join (select c.*, true as linked from child c) as ss
+    on (p.k = ss.k);
+
+-- check for a 9.0rc1 bug: join removal breaks pseudoconstant qual handling
+select p.* from
+  parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)
+  where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
+explain (costs off)
+select p.* from
+  parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)
+  where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
+
+select p.* from
+  (parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)) join parent x on p.k = x.k
+  where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
+explain (costs off)
+select p.* from
+  (parent p left join child c on (p.k = c.k)) join parent x on p.k = x.k
+  where p.k = 1 and p.k = 2;
+
+-- bug 5255: this is not optimizable by join removal
+begin;
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE a (id int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE b (id int PRIMARY KEY, a_id int);
+INSERT INTO a VALUES (0), (1);
+INSERT INTO b VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL);
+
+SELECT * FROM b LEFT JOIN a ON (b.a_id = a.id) WHERE (a.id IS NULL OR a.id > 0);
+SELECT b.* FROM b LEFT JOIN a ON (b.a_id = a.id) WHERE (a.id IS NULL OR a.id > 0);
+
+rollback;
+
+-- another join removal bug: this is not optimizable, either
+begin;
+
+create temp table innertab (id int8 primary key, dat1 int8);
+insert into innertab values(123, 42);
+
+SELECT * FROM
+    (SELECT 1 AS x) ss1
+  LEFT JOIN
+    (SELECT q1, q2, COALESCE(dat1, q1) AS y
+     FROM int8_tbl LEFT JOIN innertab ON q2 = id) ss2
+  ON true;
+
+rollback;
+
+-- another join removal bug: we must clean up correctly when removing a PHV
+begin;
+
+create temp table uniquetbl (f1 text unique);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select t1.* from
+  uniquetbl as t1
+  left join (select *, '***'::text as d1 from uniquetbl) t2
+  on t1.f1 = t2.f1
+  left join uniquetbl t3
+  on t2.d1 = t3.f1;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select t0.*
+from
+ text_tbl t0
+ left join
+   (select case t1.ten when 0 then 'doh!'::text else null::text end as case1,
+           t1.stringu2
+     from tenk1 t1
+     join int4_tbl i4 ON i4.f1 = t1.unique2
+     left join uniquetbl u1 ON u1.f1 = t1.string4) ss
+  on t0.f1 = ss.case1
+where ss.stringu2 !~* ss.case1;
+
+select t0.*
+from
+ text_tbl t0
+ left join
+   (select case t1.ten when 0 then 'doh!'::text else null::text end as case1,
+           t1.stringu2
+     from tenk1 t1
+     join int4_tbl i4 ON i4.f1 = t1.unique2
+     left join uniquetbl u1 ON u1.f1 = t1.string4) ss
+  on t0.f1 = ss.case1
+where ss.stringu2 !~* ss.case1;
+
+rollback;
+
+-- test case to expose miscomputation of required relid set for a PHV
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select i8.*, ss.v, t.unique2
+  from int8_tbl i8
+    left join int4_tbl i4 on i4.f1 = 1
+    left join lateral (select i4.f1 + 1 as v) as ss on true
+    left join tenk1 t on t.unique2 = ss.v
+where q2 = 456;
+
+select i8.*, ss.v, t.unique2
+  from int8_tbl i8
+    left join int4_tbl i4 on i4.f1 = 1
+    left join lateral (select i4.f1 + 1 as v) as ss on true
+    left join tenk1 t on t.unique2 = ss.v
+where q2 = 456;
+
+-- and check a related issue where we miscompute required relids for
+-- a PHV that's been translated to a child rel
+create temp table parttbl (a integer primary key) partition by range (a);
+create temp table parttbl1 partition of parttbl for values from (1) to (100);
+insert into parttbl values (11), (12);
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select *, 12 as phv from parttbl) as ss
+  right join int4_tbl on true
+where ss.a = ss.phv and f1 = 0;
+
+select * from
+  (select *, 12 as phv from parttbl) as ss
+  right join int4_tbl on true
+where ss.a = ss.phv and f1 = 0;
+
+-- bug #8444: we've historically allowed duplicate aliases within aliased JOINs
+
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y) j on q1 = f1; -- error
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y) j on q1 = y.f1; -- error
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x cross join int4_tbl y(ff)) j on q1 = f1; -- ok
+
+--
+-- Test hints given on incorrect column references are useful
+--
+
+select t1.uunique1 from
+  tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, prefer "t1" suggestion
+select t2.uunique1 from
+  tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, prefer "t2" suggestion
+select uunique1 from
+  tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, suggest both at once
+
+--
+-- Take care to reference the correct RTE
+--
+
+select atts.relid::regclass, s.* from pg_stats s join
+    pg_attribute a on s.attname = a.attname and s.tablename =
+    a.attrelid::regclass::text join (select unnest(indkey) attnum,
+    indexrelid from pg_index i) atts on atts.attnum = a.attnum where
+    schemaname != 'pg_catalog';
+
+--
+-- Test LATERAL
+--
+
+select unique2, x.*
+from tenk1 a, lateral (select * from int4_tbl b where f1 = a.unique1) x;
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique2, x.*
+  from tenk1 a, lateral (select * from int4_tbl b where f1 = a.unique1) x;
+select unique2, x.*
+from int4_tbl x, lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss;
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique2, x.*
+  from int4_tbl x, lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss;
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique2, x.*
+  from int4_tbl x cross join lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss;
+select unique2, x.*
+from int4_tbl x left join lateral (select unique1, unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss on true;
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique2, x.*
+  from int4_tbl x left join lateral (select unique1, unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss on true;
+
+-- check scoping of lateral versus parent references
+-- the first of these should return int8_tbl.q2, the second int8_tbl.q1
+select *, (select r from (select q1 as q2) x, (select q2 as r) y) from int8_tbl;
+select *, (select r from (select q1 as q2) x, lateral (select q2 as r) y) from int8_tbl;
+
+-- lateral with function in FROM
+select count(*) from tenk1 a, lateral generate_series(1,two) g;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a, lateral generate_series(1,two) g;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a cross join lateral generate_series(1,two) g;
+-- don't need the explicit LATERAL keyword for functions
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a, generate_series(1,two) g;
+
+-- lateral with UNION ALL subselect
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from generate_series(100,200) g,
+    lateral (select * from int8_tbl a where g = q1 union all
+             select * from int8_tbl b where g = q2) ss;
+select * from generate_series(100,200) g,
+  lateral (select * from int8_tbl a where g = q1 union all
+           select * from int8_tbl b where g = q2) ss;
+
+-- lateral with VALUES
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a,
+    tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
+select count(*) from tenk1 a,
+  tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
+
+-- lateral with VALUES, no flattening possible
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a,
+    tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1),(-1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
+select count(*) from tenk1 a,
+  tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1),(-1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
+
+-- lateral injecting a strange outer join condition
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from int8_tbl a,
+    int8_tbl x left join lateral (select a.q1 from int4_tbl y) ss(z)
+      on x.q2 = ss.z
+  order by a.q1, a.q2, x.q1, x.q2, ss.z;
+select * from int8_tbl a,
+  int8_tbl x left join lateral (select a.q1 from int4_tbl y) ss(z)
+    on x.q2 = ss.z
+  order by a.q1, a.q2, x.q1, x.q2, ss.z;
+
+-- lateral reference to a join alias variable
+select * from (select f1/2 as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1,
+  lateral (select x) ss2(y);
+select * from (select f1 as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1,
+  lateral (values(x)) ss2(y);
+select * from ((select f1/2 as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1) j,
+  lateral (select x) ss2(y);
+
+-- lateral references requiring pullup
+select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
+  lateral generate_series(lb,4) x4;
+select * from (select f1/1000000000 from int4_tbl) x(lb),
+  lateral generate_series(lb,4) x4;
+select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
+  lateral (values(lb)) y(lbcopy);
+select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
+  lateral (select lb from int4_tbl) y(lbcopy);
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
+  lateral (values(x.q1,y.q1,y.q2)) v(xq1,yq1,yq2);
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
+  lateral (select x.q1,y.q1,y.q2) v(xq1,yq1,yq2);
+select x.* from
+  int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
+  lateral (select x.q1,y.q1,y.q2) v(xq1,yq1,yq2);
+select v.* from
+  (int8_tbl x left join (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1)
+  left join int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
+  lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 union all select x.q2,y.q2) v(vx,vy);
+select v.* from
+  (int8_tbl x left join (select q1,(select coalesce(q2,0)) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1)
+  left join int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
+  lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 union all select x.q2,y.q2) v(vx,vy);
+select v.* from
+  (int8_tbl x left join (select q1,(select coalesce(q2,0)) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1)
+  left join int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
+  lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 from onerow union all select x.q2,y.q2 from onerow) v(vx,vy);
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join
+  lateral (select *, a.q2 as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join
+  lateral (select *, a.q2 as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join
+  lateral (select *, coalesce(a.q2, 42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join
+  lateral (select *, coalesce(a.q2, 42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
+
+-- lateral can result in join conditions appearing below their
+-- real semantic level
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl i left join
+  lateral (select * from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
+select * from int4_tbl i left join
+  lateral (select * from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl i left join
+  lateral (select coalesce(i) from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
+select * from int4_tbl i left join
+  lateral (select coalesce(i) from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k on true;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl a,
+  lateral (
+    select * from int4_tbl b left join int8_tbl c on (b.f1 = q1 and a.f1 = q2)
+  ) ss;
+select * from int4_tbl a,
+  lateral (
+    select * from int4_tbl b left join int8_tbl c on (b.f1 = q1 and a.f1 = q2)
+  ) ss;
+
+-- lateral reference in a PlaceHolderVar evaluated at join level
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join lateral
+  (select b.q1 as bq1, c.q1 as cq1, least(a.q1,b.q1,c.q1) from
+   int8_tbl b cross join int8_tbl c) ss
+  on a.q2 = ss.bq1;
+select * from
+  int8_tbl a left join lateral
+  (select b.q1 as bq1, c.q1 as cq1, least(a.q1,b.q1,c.q1) from
+   int8_tbl b cross join int8_tbl c) ss
+  on a.q2 = ss.bq1;
+
+-- case requiring nested PlaceHolderVars
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  int8_tbl c left join (
+    int8_tbl a left join (select q1, coalesce(q2,42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss1
+      on a.q2 = ss1.q1
+    cross join
+    lateral (select q1, coalesce(ss1.x,q2) as y from int8_tbl d) ss2
+  ) on c.q2 = ss2.q1,
+  lateral (select ss2.y offset 0) ss3;
+
+-- case that breaks the old ph_may_need optimization
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select c.*,a.*,ss1.q1,ss2.q1,ss3.* from
+  int8_tbl c left join (
+    int8_tbl a left join
+      (select q1, coalesce(q2,f1) as x from int8_tbl b, int4_tbl b2
+       where q1 < f1) ss1
+      on a.q2 = ss1.q1
+    cross join
+    lateral (select q1, coalesce(ss1.x,q2) as y from int8_tbl d) ss2
+  ) on c.q2 = ss2.q1,
+  lateral (select * from int4_tbl i where ss2.y > f1) ss3;
+
+-- check processing of postponed quals (bug #9041)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 1 as x offset 0) x cross join (select 2 as y offset 0) y
+  left join lateral (
+    select * from (select 3 as z offset 0) z where z.z = x.x
+  ) zz on zz.z = y.y;
+
+-- check dummy rels with lateral references (bug #15694)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl i8 left join lateral
+  (select *, i8.q2 from int4_tbl where false) ss on true;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl i8 left join lateral
+  (select *, i8.q2 from int4_tbl i1, int4_tbl i2 where false) ss on true;
+
+-- check handling of nested appendrels inside LATERAL
+select * from
+  ((select 2 as v) union all (select 3 as v)) as q1
+  cross join lateral
+  ((select * from
+      ((select 4 as v) union all (select 5 as v)) as q3)
+   union all
+   (select q1.v)
+  ) as q2;
+
+-- check the number of columns specified
+SELECT * FROM (int8_tbl i cross join int4_tbl j) ss(a,b,c,d);
+
+-- check we don't try to do a unique-ified semijoin with LATERAL
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (values (0,9998), (1,1000)) v(id,x),
+  lateral (select f1 from int4_tbl
+           where f1 = any (select unique1 from tenk1
+                           where unique2 = v.x offset 0)) ss;
+select * from
+  (values (0,9998), (1,1000)) v(id,x),
+  lateral (select f1 from int4_tbl
+           where f1 = any (select unique1 from tenk1
+                           where unique2 = v.x offset 0)) ss;
+
+-- check proper extParam/allParam handling (this isn't exactly a LATERAL issue,
+-- but we can make the test case much more compact with LATERAL)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from (values (0), (1)) v(id),
+lateral (select * from int8_tbl t1,
+         lateral (select * from
+                    (select * from int8_tbl t2
+                     where q1 = any (select q2 from int8_tbl t3
+                                     where q2 = (select greatest(t1.q1,t2.q2))
+                                       and (select v.id=0)) offset 0) ss2) ss
+         where t1.q1 = ss.q2) ss0;
+
+select * from (values (0), (1)) v(id),
+lateral (select * from int8_tbl t1,
+         lateral (select * from
+                    (select * from int8_tbl t2
+                     where q1 = any (select q2 from int8_tbl t3
+                                     where q2 = (select greatest(t1.q1,t2.q2))
+                                       and (select v.id=0)) offset 0) ss2) ss
+         where t1.q1 = ss.q2) ss0;
+
+-- test some error cases where LATERAL should have been used but wasn't
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select f1 as g) ss;
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select a.f1 as g) ss;
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a cross join (select f1 as g) ss;
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a cross join (select a.f1 as g) ss;
+-- SQL:2008 says the left table is in scope but illegal to access here
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a right join lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g on true;
+select f1,g from int4_tbl a full join lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g on true;
+-- check we complain about ambiguous table references
+select * from
+  int8_tbl x cross join (int4_tbl x cross join lateral (select x.f1) ss);
+-- LATERAL can be used to put an aggregate into the FROM clause of its query
+select 1 from tenk1 a, lateral (select max(a.unique1) from int4_tbl b) ss;
+
+-- check behavior of LATERAL in UPDATE/DELETE
+
+create temp table xx1 as select f1 as x1, -f1 as x2 from int4_tbl;
+
+-- error, can't do this:
+update xx1 set x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+update xx1 set x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss;
+-- can't do it even with LATERAL:
+update xx1 set x2 = f1 from lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+-- we might in future allow something like this, but for now it's an error:
+update xx1 set x2 = f1 from xx1, lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+
+-- also errors:
+delete from xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+delete from xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss;
+delete from xx1 using lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
+
+--
+-- test LATERAL reference propagation down a multi-level inheritance hierarchy
+-- produced for a multi-level partitioned table hierarchy.
+--
+create table join_pt1 (a int, b int, c varchar) partition by range(a);
+create table join_pt1p1 partition of join_pt1 for values from (0) to (100) partition by range(b);
+create table join_pt1p2 partition of join_pt1 for values from (100) to (200);
+create table join_pt1p1p1 partition of join_pt1p1 for values from (0) to (100);
+insert into join_pt1 values (1, 1, 'x'), (101, 101, 'y');
+create table join_ut1 (a int, b int, c varchar);
+insert into join_ut1 values (101, 101, 'y'), (2, 2, 'z');
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.b, ss.phv from join_ut1 t1 left join lateral
+              (select t2.a as t2a, t3.a t3a, least(t1.a, t2.a, t3.a) phv
+					  from join_pt1 t2 join join_ut1 t3 on t2.a = t3.b) ss
+              on t1.a = ss.t2a order by t1.a;
+select t1.b, ss.phv from join_ut1 t1 left join lateral
+              (select t2.a as t2a, t3.a t3a, least(t1.a, t2.a, t3.a) phv
+					  from join_pt1 t2 join join_ut1 t3 on t2.a = t3.b) ss
+              on t1.a = ss.t2a order by t1.a;
+
+drop table join_pt1;
+drop table join_ut1;
+
+--
+-- test estimation behavior with multi-column foreign key and constant qual
+--
+
+begin;
+
+create table fkest (x integer, x10 integer, x10b integer, x100 integer);
+insert into fkest select x, x/10, x/10, x/100 from generate_series(1,1000) x;
+create unique index on fkest(x, x10, x100);
+analyze fkest;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from fkest f1
+  join fkest f2 on (f1.x = f2.x and f1.x10 = f2.x10b and f1.x100 = f2.x100)
+  join fkest f3 on f1.x = f3.x
+  where f1.x100 = 2;
+
+alter table fkest add constraint fk
+  foreign key (x, x10b, x100) references fkest (x, x10, x100);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from fkest f1
+  join fkest f2 on (f1.x = f2.x and f1.x10 = f2.x10b and f1.x100 = f2.x100)
+  join fkest f3 on f1.x = f3.x
+  where f1.x100 = 2;
+
+rollback;
+
+--
+-- test that foreign key join estimation performs sanely for outer joins
+--
+
+begin;
+
+create table fkest (a int, b int, c int unique, primary key(a,b));
+create table fkest1 (a int, b int, primary key(a,b));
+
+insert into fkest select x/10, x%10, x from generate_series(1,1000) x;
+insert into fkest1 select x/10, x%10 from generate_series(1,1000) x;
+
+alter table fkest1
+  add constraint fkest1_a_b_fkey foreign key (a,b) references fkest;
+
+analyze fkest;
+analyze fkest1;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select *
+from fkest f
+  left join fkest1 f1 on f.a = f1.a and f.b = f1.b
+  left join fkest1 f2 on f.a = f2.a and f.b = f2.b
+  left join fkest1 f3 on f.a = f3.a and f.b = f3.b
+where f.c = 1;
+
+rollback;
+
+--
+-- test planner's ability to mark joins as unique
+--
+
+create table j1 (id int primary key);
+create table j2 (id int primary key);
+create table j3 (id int);
+
+insert into j1 values(1),(2),(3);
+insert into j2 values(1),(2),(3);
+insert into j3 values(1),(1);
+
+analyze j1;
+analyze j2;
+analyze j3;
+
+-- ensure join is properly marked as unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 inner join j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
+
+-- ensure join is not unique when not an equi-join
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 inner join j2 on j1.id > j2.id;
+
+-- ensure non-unique rel is not chosen as inner
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 inner join j3 on j1.id = j3.id;
+
+-- ensure left join is marked as unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 left join j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
+
+-- ensure right join is marked as unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 right join j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
+
+-- ensure full join is marked as unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 full join j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
+
+-- a clauseless (cross) join can't be unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 cross join j2;
+
+-- ensure a natural join is marked as unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1 natural join j2;
+
+-- ensure a distinct clause allows the inner to become unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join (select distinct id from j3) j3 on j1.id = j3.id;
+
+-- ensure group by clause allows the inner to become unique
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join (select id from j3 group by id) j3 on j1.id = j3.id;
+
+drop table j1;
+drop table j2;
+drop table j3;
+
+-- test more complex permutations of unique joins
+
+create table j1 (id1 int, id2 int, primary key(id1,id2));
+create table j2 (id1 int, id2 int, primary key(id1,id2));
+create table j3 (id1 int, id2 int, primary key(id1,id2));
+
+insert into j1 values(1,1),(1,2);
+insert into j2 values(1,1);
+insert into j3 values(1,1);
+
+analyze j1;
+analyze j2;
+analyze j3;
+
+-- ensure there's no unique join when not all columns which are part of the
+-- unique index are seen in the join clause
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1;
+
+-- ensure proper unique detection with multiple join quals
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2;
+
+-- ensure we don't detect the join to be unique when quals are not part of the
+-- join condition
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 where j1.id2 = 1;
+
+-- as above, but for left joins.
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+left join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 where j1.id2 = 1;
+
+create unique index j1_id2_idx on j1(id2) where id2 is not null;
+
+-- ensure we don't use a partial unique index as unique proofs
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id2 = j2.id2;
+
+drop index j1_id2_idx;
+
+-- validate logic in merge joins which skips mark and restore.
+-- it should only do this if all quals which were used to detect the unique
+-- are present as join quals, and not plain quals.
+set enable_nestloop to 0;
+set enable_hashjoin to 0;
+set enable_sort to 0;
+
+-- create indexes that will be preferred over the PKs to perform the join
+create index j1_id1_idx on j1 (id1) where id1 % 1000 = 1;
+create index j2_id1_idx on j2 (id1) where id1 % 1000 = 1;
+
+-- need an additional row in j2, if we want j2_id1_idx to be preferred
+insert into j2 values(1,2);
+analyze j2;
+
+explain (costs off) select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1;
+
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1;
+
+-- Exercise array keys mark/restore B-Tree code
+explain (costs off) select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 = any (array[1]);
+
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 = any (array[1]);
+
+-- Exercise array keys "find extreme element" B-Tree code
+explain (costs off) select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 >= any (array[1,5]);
+
+select * from j1
+inner join j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2
+where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1 and j2.id1 >= any (array[1,5]);
+
+reset enable_nestloop;
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_sort;
+
+drop table j1;
+drop table j2;
+drop table j3;
+
+-- check that semijoin inner is not seen as unique for a portion of the outerrel
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.unique1, t2.hundred
+from onek t1, tenk1 t2
+where exists (select 1 from tenk1 t3
+              where t3.thousand = t1.unique1 and t3.tenthous = t2.hundred)
+      and t1.unique1 < 1;
+
+-- ... unless it actually is unique
+create table j3 as select unique1, tenthous from onek;
+vacuum analyze j3;
+create unique index on j3(unique1, tenthous);
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select t1.unique1, t2.hundred
+from onek t1, tenk1 t2
+where exists (select 1 from j3
+              where j3.unique1 = t1.unique1 and j3.tenthous = t2.hundred)
+      and t1.unique1 < 1;
+
+drop table j3;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/join_hash.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/join_hash.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1707cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/join_hash.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+--
+-- exercises for the hash join code
+--
+
+begin;
+
+set local min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set local parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set local enable_hashjoin = on;
+
+-- Extract bucket and batch counts from an explain analyze plan.  In
+-- general we can't make assertions about how many batches (or
+-- buckets) will be required because it can vary, but we can in some
+-- special cases and we can check for growth.
+create or replace function find_hash(node json)
+returns json language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  x json;
+  child json;
+begin
+  if node->>'Node Type' = 'Hash' then
+    return node;
+  else
+    for child in select json_array_elements(node->'Plans')
+    loop
+      x := find_hash(child);
+      if x is not null then
+        return x;
+      end if;
+    end loop;
+    return null;
+  end if;
+end;
+$$;
+create or replace function hash_join_batches(query text)
+returns table (original int, final int) language plpgsql
+as
+$$
+declare
+  whole_plan json;
+  hash_node json;
+begin
+  for whole_plan in
+    execute 'explain (analyze, format ''json'') ' || query
+  loop
+    hash_node := find_hash(json_extract_path(whole_plan, '0', 'Plan'));
+    original := hash_node->>'Original Hash Batches';
+    final := hash_node->>'Hash Batches';
+    return next;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- Make a simple relation with well distributed keys and correctly
+-- estimated size.
+create table simple as
+  select generate_series(1, 20000) AS id, 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa';
+alter table simple set (parallel_workers = 2);
+analyze simple;
+
+-- Make a relation whose size we will under-estimate.  We want stats
+-- to say 1000 rows, but actually there are 20,000 rows.
+create table bigger_than_it_looks as
+  select generate_series(1, 20000) as id, 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa';
+alter table bigger_than_it_looks set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+alter table bigger_than_it_looks set (parallel_workers = 2);
+analyze bigger_than_it_looks;
+update pg_class set reltuples = 1000 where relname = 'bigger_than_it_looks';
+
+-- Make a relation whose size we underestimate and that also has a
+-- kind of skew that breaks our batching scheme.  We want stats to say
+-- 2 rows, but actually there are 20,000 rows with the same key.
+create table extremely_skewed (id int, t text);
+alter table extremely_skewed set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+alter table extremely_skewed set (parallel_workers = 2);
+analyze extremely_skewed;
+insert into extremely_skewed
+  select 42 as id, 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
+  from generate_series(1, 20000);
+update pg_class
+  set reltuples = 2, relpages = pg_relation_size('extremely_skewed') / 8192
+  where relname = 'extremely_skewed';
+
+-- Make a relation with a couple of enormous tuples.
+create table wide as select generate_series(1, 2) as id, rpad('', 320000, 'x') as t;
+alter table wide set (parallel_workers = 2);
+
+-- The "optimal" case: the hash table fits in memory; we plan for 1
+-- batch, we stick to that number, and peak memory usage stays within
+-- our work_mem budget
+
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+set local work_mem = '4MB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- parallel with parallel-oblivious hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '4MB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- parallel with parallel-aware hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '4MB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = on;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- The "good" case: batches required, but we plan the right number; we
+-- plan for some number of batches, and we stick to that number, and
+-- peak memory usage says within our work_mem budget
+
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- parallel with parallel-oblivious hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- parallel with parallel-aware hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '192kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = on;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- The "bad" case: during execution we need to increase number of
+-- batches; in this case we plan for 1 batch, and increase at least a
+-- couple of times, and peak memory usage stays within our work_mem
+-- budget
+
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) FROM simple r JOIN bigger_than_it_looks s USING (id);
+select count(*) FROM simple r JOIN bigger_than_it_looks s USING (id);
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) FROM simple r JOIN bigger_than_it_looks s USING (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- parallel with parallel-oblivious hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- parallel with parallel-aware hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 1;
+set local work_mem = '192kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = on;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+select original > 1 as initially_multibatch, final > original as increased_batches
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join bigger_than_it_looks s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- The "ugly" case: increasing the number of batches during execution
+-- doesn't help, so stop trying to fit in work_mem and hope for the
+-- best; in this case we plan for 1 batch, increases just once and
+-- then stop increasing because that didn't help at all, so we blow
+-- right through the work_mem budget and hope for the best...
+
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+select * from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- parallel with parallel-oblivious hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+select * from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- parallel with parallel-aware hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 1;
+set local work_mem = '128kB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local enable_parallel_hash = on;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+select * from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join extremely_skewed s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- A couple of other hash join tests unrelated to work_mem management.
+
+-- Check that EXPLAIN ANALYZE has data even if the leader doesn't participate
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set local work_mem = '4MB';
+set local hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set local parallel_leader_participation = off;
+select * from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from simple r join simple s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- Exercise rescans.  We'll turn off parallel_leader_participation so
+-- that we can check that instrumentation comes back correctly.
+
+create table join_foo as select generate_series(1, 3) as id, 'xxxxx'::text as t;
+alter table join_foo set (parallel_workers = 0);
+create table join_bar as select generate_series(1, 10000) as id, 'xxxxx'::text as t;
+alter table join_bar set (parallel_workers = 2);
+
+-- multi-batch with rescan, parallel-oblivious
+savepoint settings;
+set enable_parallel_hash = off;
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set enable_material = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+set work_mem = '64kB';
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+select count(*) from join_foo
+  left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+  on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+select final > 1 as multibatch
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- single-batch with rescan, parallel-oblivious
+savepoint settings;
+set enable_parallel_hash = off;
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set enable_material = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+set work_mem = '4MB';
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+select count(*) from join_foo
+  left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+  on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+select final > 1 as multibatch
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- multi-batch with rescan, parallel-aware
+savepoint settings;
+set enable_parallel_hash = on;
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set enable_material = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+set work_mem = '64kB';
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+select count(*) from join_foo
+  left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+  on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+select final > 1 as multibatch
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- single-batch with rescan, parallel-aware
+savepoint settings;
+set enable_parallel_hash = on;
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set enable_material = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+set work_mem = '4MB';
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+select count(*) from join_foo
+  left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+  on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+select final > 1 as multibatch
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select count(*) from join_foo
+    left join (select b1.id, b1.t from join_bar b1 join join_bar b2 using (id)) ss
+    on join_foo.id < ss.id + 1 and join_foo.id > ss.id - 1;
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- A full outer join where every record is matched.
+
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+     select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s using (id);
+select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s using (id);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- parallelism not possible with parallel-oblivious outer hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+explain (costs off)
+     select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s using (id);
+select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s using (id);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- An full outer join where every record is not matched.
+
+-- non-parallel
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+     select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s on (r.id = 0 - s.id);
+select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s on (r.id = 0 - s.id);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- parallelism not possible with parallel-oblivious outer hash join
+savepoint settings;
+set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+explain (costs off)
+     select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s on (r.id = 0 - s.id);
+select  count(*) from simple r full outer join simple s on (r.id = 0 - s.id);
+rollback to settings;
+
+-- exercise special code paths for huge tuples (note use of non-strict
+-- expression and left join required to get the detoasted tuple into
+-- the hash table)
+
+-- parallel with parallel-aware hash join (hits ExecParallelHashLoadTuple and
+-- sts_puttuple oversized tuple cases because it's multi-batch)
+savepoint settings;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+set enable_parallel_hash = on;
+set work_mem = '128kB';
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select length(max(s.t))
+  from wide left join (select id, coalesce(t, '') || '' as t from wide) s using (id);
+select length(max(s.t))
+from wide left join (select id, coalesce(t, '') || '' as t from wide) s using (id);
+select final > 1 as multibatch
+  from hash_join_batches(
+$$
+  select length(max(s.t))
+  from wide left join (select id, coalesce(t, '') || '' as t from wide) s using (id);
+$$);
+rollback to settings;
+
+rollback;
+
+
+-- Verify that hash key expressions reference the correct
+-- nodes. Hashjoin's hashkeys need to reference its outer plan, Hash's
+-- need to reference Hash's outer plan (which is below HashJoin's
+-- inner plan). It's not trivial to verify that the references are
+-- correct (we don't display the hashkeys themselves), but if the
+-- hashkeys contain subplan references, those will be displayed. Force
+-- subplans to appear just about everywhere.
+--
+-- Bug report:
+-- https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAPpHfdvGVegF_TKKRiBrSmatJL2dR9uwFCuR%2BteQ_8tEXU8mxg%40mail.gmail.com
+--
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_sort = OFF; -- avoid mergejoins
+SET LOCAL from_collapse_limit = 1; -- allows easy changing of join order
+
+CREATE TABLE hjtest_1 (a text, b int, id int, c bool);
+CREATE TABLE hjtest_2 (a bool, id int, b text, c int);
+
+INSERT INTO hjtest_1(a, b, id, c) VALUES ('text', 2, 1, false); -- matches
+INSERT INTO hjtest_1(a, b, id, c) VALUES ('text', 1, 2, false); -- fails id join condition
+INSERT INTO hjtest_1(a, b, id, c) VALUES ('text', 20, 1, false); -- fails < 50
+INSERT INTO hjtest_1(a, b, id, c) VALUES ('text', 1, 1, false); -- fails (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+
+INSERT INTO hjtest_2(a, id, b, c) VALUES (true, 1, 'another', 2); -- matches
+INSERT INTO hjtest_2(a, id, b, c) VALUES (true, 3, 'another', 7); -- fails id join condition
+INSERT INTO hjtest_2(a, id, b, c) VALUES (true, 1, 'another', 90);  -- fails < 55
+INSERT INTO hjtest_2(a, id, b, c) VALUES (true, 1, 'another', 3); -- fails (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+INSERT INTO hjtest_2(a, id, b, c) VALUES (true, 1, 'text', 1); --  fails hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE)
+SELECT hjtest_1.a a1, hjtest_2.a a2,hjtest_1.tableoid::regclass t1, hjtest_2.tableoid::regclass t2
+FROM hjtest_1, hjtest_2
+WHERE
+    hjtest_1.id = (SELECT 1 WHERE hjtest_2.id = 1)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) < 50
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_2.c * 5) < 55
+    AND hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b;
+
+SELECT hjtest_1.a a1, hjtest_2.a a2,hjtest_1.tableoid::regclass t1, hjtest_2.tableoid::regclass t2
+FROM hjtest_1, hjtest_2
+WHERE
+    hjtest_1.id = (SELECT 1 WHERE hjtest_2.id = 1)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) < 50
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_2.c * 5) < 55
+    AND hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE)
+SELECT hjtest_1.a a1, hjtest_2.a a2,hjtest_1.tableoid::regclass t1, hjtest_2.tableoid::regclass t2
+FROM hjtest_2, hjtest_1
+WHERE
+    hjtest_1.id = (SELECT 1 WHERE hjtest_2.id = 1)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) < 50
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_2.c * 5) < 55
+    AND hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b;
+
+SELECT hjtest_1.a a1, hjtest_2.a a2,hjtest_1.tableoid::regclass t1, hjtest_2.tableoid::regclass t2
+FROM hjtest_2, hjtest_1
+WHERE
+    hjtest_1.id = (SELECT 1 WHERE hjtest_2.id = 1)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) = (SELECT hjtest_2.c*5)
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_1.b * 5) < 50
+    AND (SELECT hjtest_2.c * 5) < 55
+    AND hjtest_1.a <> hjtest_2.b;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Verify that we behave sanely when the inner hash keys contain parameters
+-- (that is, outer or lateral references).  This situation has to defeat
+-- re-use of the inner hash table across rescans.
+begin;
+set local enable_hashjoin = on;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select i8.q2, ss.* from
+int8_tbl i8,
+lateral (select t1.fivethous, i4.f1 from tenk1 t1 join int4_tbl i4
+         on t1.fivethous = i4.f1+i8.q2 order by 1,2) ss;
+
+select i8.q2, ss.* from
+int8_tbl i8,
+lateral (select t1.fivethous, i4.f1 from tenk1 t1 join int4_tbl i4
+         on t1.fivethous = i4.f1+i8.q2 order by 1,2) ss;
+
+rollback;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/json.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/json.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e366c6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/json.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,852 @@
+-- Strings.
+SELECT '""'::json;				-- OK.
+SELECT $$''$$::json;			-- ERROR, single quotes are not allowed
+SELECT '"abc"'::json;			-- OK
+SELECT '"abc'::json;			-- ERROR, quotes not closed
+SELECT '"abc
+def"'::json;					-- ERROR, unescaped newline in string constant
+SELECT '"\n\"\\"'::json;		-- OK, legal escapes
+SELECT '"\v"'::json;			-- ERROR, not a valid JSON escape
+-- see json_encoding test for input with unicode escapes
+
+-- Numbers.
+SELECT '1'::json;				-- OK
+SELECT '0'::json;				-- OK
+SELECT '01'::json;				-- ERROR, not valid according to JSON spec
+SELECT '0.1'::json;				-- OK
+SELECT '9223372036854775808'::json;	-- OK, even though it's too large for int8
+SELECT '1e100'::json;			-- OK
+SELECT '1.3e100'::json;			-- OK
+SELECT '1f2'::json;				-- ERROR
+SELECT '0.x1'::json;			-- ERROR
+SELECT '1.3ex100'::json;		-- ERROR
+
+-- Arrays.
+SELECT '[]'::json;				-- OK
+SELECT '[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]'::json;  -- OK
+SELECT '[1,2]'::json;			-- OK
+SELECT '[1,2,]'::json;			-- ERROR, trailing comma
+SELECT '[1,2'::json;			-- ERROR, no closing bracket
+SELECT '[1,[2]'::json;			-- ERROR, no closing bracket
+
+-- Objects.
+SELECT '{}'::json;				-- OK
+SELECT '{"abc"}'::json;			-- ERROR, no value
+SELECT '{"abc":1}'::json;		-- OK
+SELECT '{1:"abc"}'::json;		-- ERROR, keys must be strings
+SELECT '{"abc",1}'::json;		-- ERROR, wrong separator
+SELECT '{"abc"=1}'::json;		-- ERROR, totally wrong separator
+SELECT '{"abc"::1}'::json;		-- ERROR, another wrong separator
+SELECT '{"abc":1,"def":2,"ghi":[3,4],"hij":{"klm":5,"nop":[6]}}'::json; -- OK
+SELECT '{"abc":1:2}'::json;		-- ERROR, colon in wrong spot
+SELECT '{"abc":1,3}'::json;		-- ERROR, no value
+
+-- Recursion.
+SET max_stack_depth = '100kB';
+SELECT repeat('[', 10000)::json;
+SELECT repeat('{"a":', 10000)::json;
+RESET max_stack_depth;
+
+-- Miscellaneous stuff.
+SELECT 'true'::json;			-- OK
+SELECT 'false'::json;			-- OK
+SELECT 'null'::json;			-- OK
+SELECT ' true '::json;			-- OK, even with extra whitespace
+SELECT 'true false'::json;		-- ERROR, too many values
+SELECT 'true, false'::json;		-- ERROR, too many values
+SELECT 'truf'::json;			-- ERROR, not a keyword
+SELECT 'trues'::json;			-- ERROR, not a keyword
+SELECT ''::json;				-- ERROR, no value
+SELECT '    '::json;			-- ERROR, no value
+
+-- Multi-line JSON input to check ERROR reporting
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":"two",
+		"three":
+		true}'::json; -- OK
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":,"two",  -- ERROR extraneous comma before field "two"
+		"three":
+		true}'::json;
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":"two",
+		"averyveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryverylongfieldname":}'::json;
+-- ERROR missing value for last field
+
+--constructors
+-- array_to_json
+
+SELECT array_to_json(array(select 1 as a));
+SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(q),false) from (select x as b, x * 2 as c from generate_series(1,3) x) q;
+SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(q),true) from (select x as b, x * 2 as c from generate_series(1,3) x) q;
+SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(q),false)
+  FROM ( SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b, y AS c,
+               ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]),
+               ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z
+         FROM generate_series(1,2) x,
+              generate_series(4,5) y) q;
+SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(x),false) from generate_series(5,10) x;
+SELECT array_to_json('{{1,5},{99,100}}'::int[]);
+
+-- row_to_json
+SELECT row_to_json(row(1,'foo'));
+
+SELECT row_to_json(q)
+FROM (SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b,
+         y AS c,
+         ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]),
+               ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z
+      FROM generate_series(1,2) x,
+           generate_series(4,5) y) q;
+
+SELECT row_to_json(q,true)
+FROM (SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b,
+         y AS c,
+         ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]),
+               ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z
+      FROM generate_series(1,2) x,
+           generate_series(4,5) y) q;
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE rows AS
+SELECT x, 'txt' || x as y
+FROM generate_series(1,3) AS x;
+
+SELECT row_to_json(q,true)
+FROM rows q;
+
+SELECT row_to_json(row((select array_agg(x) as d from generate_series(5,10) x)),false);
+
+-- anyarray column
+
+analyze rows;
+
+select attname, to_json(histogram_bounds) histogram_bounds
+from pg_stats
+where tablename = 'rows' and
+      schemaname = pg_my_temp_schema()::regnamespace::text
+order by 1;
+
+-- to_json, timestamps
+
+select to_json(timestamp '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298');
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL TIME ZONE 10.5;
+select to_json(timestamptz '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298-04');
+SET LOCAL TIME ZONE -8;
+select to_json(timestamptz '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298-04');
+COMMIT;
+
+select to_json(date '2014-05-28');
+
+select to_json(date 'Infinity');
+select to_json(date '-Infinity');
+select to_json(timestamp 'Infinity');
+select to_json(timestamp '-Infinity');
+select to_json(timestamptz 'Infinity');
+select to_json(timestamptz '-Infinity');
+
+--json_agg
+
+SELECT json_agg(q)
+  FROM ( SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b, y AS c,
+               ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]),
+               ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z
+         FROM generate_series(1,2) x,
+              generate_series(4,5) y) q;
+
+SELECT json_agg(q ORDER BY x, y)
+  FROM rows q;
+
+UPDATE rows SET x = NULL WHERE x = 1;
+
+SELECT json_agg(q ORDER BY x NULLS FIRST, y)
+  FROM rows q;
+
+-- non-numeric output
+SELECT row_to_json(q)
+FROM (SELECT 'NaN'::float8 AS "float8field") q;
+
+SELECT row_to_json(q)
+FROM (SELECT 'Infinity'::float8 AS "float8field") q;
+
+SELECT row_to_json(q)
+FROM (SELECT '-Infinity'::float8 AS "float8field") q;
+
+-- json input
+SELECT row_to_json(q)
+FROM (SELECT '{"a":1,"b": [2,3,4,"d","e","f"],"c":{"p":1,"q":2}}'::json AS "jsonfield") q;
+
+
+-- json extraction functions
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE test_json (
+       json_type text,
+       test_json json
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_json VALUES
+('scalar','"a scalar"'),
+('array','["zero", "one","two",null,"four","five", [1,2,3],{"f1":9}]'),
+('object','{"field1":"val1","field2":"val2","field3":null, "field4": 4, "field5": [1,2,3], "field6": {"f1":9}}');
+
+SELECT test_json -> 'x'
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+
+SELECT test_json -> 'x'
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'array';
+
+SELECT test_json -> 'x'
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+SELECT test_json->'field2'
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+SELECT test_json->>'field2'
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+SELECT test_json -> 2
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+
+SELECT test_json -> 2
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'array';
+
+SELECT test_json -> -1
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'array';
+
+SELECT test_json -> 2
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+SELECT test_json->>2
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'array';
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 6 FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'array';
+SELECT test_json ->> 7 FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'array';
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field4' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object';
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field5' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object';
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field6' FROM test_json WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+SELECT json_object_keys(test_json)
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+
+SELECT json_object_keys(test_json)
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'array';
+
+SELECT json_object_keys(test_json)
+FROM test_json
+WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+-- test extending object_keys resultset - initial resultset size is 256
+
+select count(*) from
+    (select json_object_keys(json_object(array_agg(g)))
+     from (select unnest(array['f'||n,n::text])as g
+           from generate_series(1,300) as n) x ) y;
+
+-- nulls
+
+select (test_json->'field3') is null as expect_false
+from test_json
+where json_type = 'object';
+
+select (test_json->>'field3') is null as expect_true
+from test_json
+where json_type = 'object';
+
+select (test_json->3) is null as expect_false
+from test_json
+where json_type = 'array';
+
+select (test_json->>3) is null as expect_true
+from test_json
+where json_type = 'array';
+
+-- corner cases
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> null::text;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> null::int;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> 1;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> -1;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> 'z';
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> '';
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json -> 1;
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json -> 3;
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json -> 'z';
+select '{"a": "c", "b": null}'::json -> 'b';
+select '"foo"'::json -> 1;
+select '"foo"'::json -> 'z';
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> null::text;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> null::int;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> 1;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> 'z';
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json ->> '';
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json ->> 1;
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json ->> 3;
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json ->> 'z';
+select '{"a": "c", "b": null}'::json ->> 'b';
+select '"foo"'::json ->> 1;
+select '"foo"'::json ->> 'z';
+
+-- array length
+
+SELECT json_array_length('[1,2,3,{"f1":1,"f2":[5,6]},4]');
+
+SELECT json_array_length('[]');
+
+SELECT json_array_length('{"f1":1,"f2":[5,6]}');
+
+SELECT json_array_length('4');
+
+-- each
+
+select json_each('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null}');
+select * from json_each('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}') q;
+
+select json_each_text('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":"null"}');
+select * from json_each_text('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}') q;
+
+-- extract_path, extract_path_as_text
+
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f6');
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2');
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',0::text);
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',1::text);
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f6');
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2');
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',0::text);
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',1::text);
+
+-- extract_path nulls
+
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":null,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f5') is null as expect_false;
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":null,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f5') is null as expect_true;
+select json_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":[0,1,2,null]}','f4','3') is null as expect_false;
+select json_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":[0,1,2,null]}','f4','3') is null as expect_true;
+
+-- extract_path operators
+
+select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f4','f6'];
+select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f2'];
+select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f2','0'];
+select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>array['f2','1'];
+
+select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f4','f6'];
+select '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f2'];
+select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f2','0'];
+select '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::json#>>array['f2','1'];
+
+-- corner cases for same
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> '{}';
+select '[1,2,3]'::json #> '{}';
+select '"foo"'::json #> '{}';
+select '42'::json #> '{}';
+select 'null'::json #> '{}';
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a', null];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a', ''];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','b'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','b','c'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','b','c','d'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','z','c'];
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #> array['a','1','b'];
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #> array['a','z','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #> array['1','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #> array['z','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": null}]'::json #> array['1','b'];
+select '"foo"'::json #> array['z'];
+select '42'::json #> array['f2'];
+select '42'::json #> array['0'];
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> '{}';
+select '[1,2,3]'::json #>> '{}';
+select '"foo"'::json #>> '{}';
+select '42'::json #>> '{}';
+select 'null'::json #>> '{}';
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a', null];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a', ''];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','b'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','b','c'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','b','c','d'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #>> array['a','z','c'];
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #>> array['a','1','b'];
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #>> array['a','z','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #>> array['1','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #>> array['z','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": null}]'::json #>> array['1','b'];
+select '"foo"'::json #>> array['z'];
+select '42'::json #>> array['f2'];
+select '42'::json #>> array['0'];
+
+-- array_elements
+
+select json_array_elements('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]');
+select * from json_array_elements('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]') q;
+select json_array_elements_text('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]');
+select * from json_array_elements_text('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]') q;
+
+-- populate_record
+create type jpop as (a text, b int, c timestamp);
+
+CREATE DOMAIN js_int_not_null  AS int     NOT NULL;
+CREATE DOMAIN js_int_array_1d  AS int[]   CHECK(array_length(VALUE, 1) = 3);
+CREATE DOMAIN js_int_array_2d  AS int[][] CHECK(array_length(VALUE, 2) = 3);
+
+create type j_unordered_pair as (x int, y int);
+create domain j_ordered_pair as j_unordered_pair check((value).x <= (value).y);
+
+CREATE TYPE jsrec AS (
+	i	int,
+	ia	_int4,
+	ia1	int[],
+	ia2	int[][],
+	ia3	int[][][],
+	ia1d	js_int_array_1d,
+	ia2d	js_int_array_2d,
+	t	text,
+	ta	text[],
+	c	char(10),
+	ca	char(10)[],
+	ts	timestamp,
+	js	json,
+	jsb	jsonb,
+	jsa	json[],
+	rec	jpop,
+	reca	jpop[]
+);
+
+CREATE TYPE jsrec_i_not_null AS (
+	i	js_int_not_null
+);
+
+select * from json_populate_record(null::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+
+select * from json_populate_record(null::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+
+select * from json_populate_record(null::jpop,'{"a":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"a":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{"c":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+
+select * from json_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,'{}') q;
+
+SELECT i FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec_i_not_null, '{"x": 43.2}') q;
+SELECT i FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec_i_not_null, '{"i": null}') q;
+SELECT i FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec_i_not_null, '{"i": 12345}') q;
+
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": null}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": 123}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": [[1], 2]}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": [[1], [2, 3]]}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia": "{1,2,3}"}') q;
+
+SELECT ia1 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1": null}') q;
+SELECT ia1 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1": 123}') q;
+SELECT ia1 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ia1 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1": [[1, 2, 3]]}') q;
+
+SELECT ia1d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1d": null}') q;
+SELECT ia1d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1d": 123}') q;
+SELECT ia1d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1d": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ia1d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia1d": [1, "2", null]}') q;
+
+SELECT ia2 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ia2 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], [null, 4]]}') q;
+SELECT ia2 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2": [[], []]}') q;
+SELECT ia2 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], [3]]}') q;
+SELECT ia2 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], 3, 4]}') q;
+
+SELECT ia2d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2d": [[1, "2"], [null, 4]]}') q;
+SELECT ia2d FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia2d": [[1, "2", 3], [null, 5, 6]]}') q;
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [[1, 2], [null, 4]]}') q;
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [ [[], []], [[], []], [[], []] ]}') q;
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2]], [[3, 4]] ]}') q;
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]] ]}') q;
+SELECT ia3 FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8], [9, 10]] ]}') q;
+
+SELECT ta FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ta": null}') q;
+SELECT ta FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ta": 123}') q;
+SELECT ta FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ta": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ta FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ta": [[1, 2, 3], {"k": "v"}]}') q;
+
+SELECT c FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"c": null}') q;
+SELECT c FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"c": "aaa"}') q;
+SELECT c FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"c": "aaaaaaaaaa"}') q;
+SELECT c FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"c": "aaaaaaaaaaaaa"}') q;
+
+SELECT ca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ca": null}') q;
+SELECT ca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ca": 123}') q;
+SELECT ca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ca": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ca": ["aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"]}') q;
+SELECT ca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"ca": [[1, 2, 3], {"k": "v"}]}') q;
+
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": null}') q;
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": true}') q;
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": 123.45}') q;
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": "123.45"}') q;
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": "abc"}') q;
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]}') q;
+SELECT js FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"js": {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}}') q;
+
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": null}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": true}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": 123.45}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": "123.45"}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": "abc"}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsb": {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}}') q;
+
+SELECT jsa FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsa": null}') q;
+SELECT jsa FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsa": 123}') q;
+SELECT jsa FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsa": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT jsa FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"jsa": ["aaa", null, [1, 2, "3", {}], { "k" : "v" }]}') q;
+
+SELECT rec FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"rec": 123}') q;
+SELECT rec FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"rec": [1, 2]}') q;
+SELECT rec FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}}') q;
+SELECT rec FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"rec": "(abc,42,01.02.2003)"}') q;
+
+SELECT reca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"reca": 123}') q;
+SELECT reca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"reca": [1, 2]}') q;
+SELECT reca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"reca": [{"a": "abc", "b": 456}, null, {"c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}]}') q;
+SELECT reca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"reca": ["(abc,42,01.02.2003)"]}') q;
+SELECT reca FROM json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, '{"reca": "{\"(abc,42,01.02.2003)\"}"}') q;
+
+SELECT rec FROM json_populate_record(
+	row(NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,
+		row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jpop,NULL)::jsrec,
+	'{"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}}'
+) q;
+
+-- anonymous record type
+SELECT json_populate_record(null::record, '{"x": 0, "y": 1}');
+SELECT json_populate_record(row(1,2), '{"f1": 0, "f2": 1}');
+SELECT * FROM
+  json_populate_record(null::record, '{"x": 776}') AS (x int, y int);
+
+-- composite domain
+SELECT json_populate_record(null::j_ordered_pair, '{"x": 0, "y": 1}');
+SELECT json_populate_record(row(1,2)::j_ordered_pair, '{"x": 0}');
+SELECT json_populate_record(row(1,2)::j_ordered_pair, '{"x": 1, "y": 0}');
+
+-- populate_recordset
+
+select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"c":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+
+create type jpop2 as (a int, b json, c int, d int);
+select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop2, '[{"a":2,"c":3,"b":{"z":4},"d":6}]') q;
+
+select * from json_populate_recordset(null::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row('def',99,null)::jpop,'[{"a":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+
+-- anonymous record type
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(null::record, '[{"x": 0, "y": 1}]');
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(row(1,2), '[{"f1": 0, "f2": 1}]');
+SELECT i, json_populate_recordset(row(i,50), '[{"f1":"42"},{"f2":"43"}]')
+FROM (VALUES (1),(2)) v(i);
+SELECT * FROM
+  json_populate_recordset(null::record, '[{"x": 776}]') AS (x int, y int);
+
+-- empty array is a corner case
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(null::record, '[]');
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(row(1,2), '[]');
+SELECT * FROM json_populate_recordset(NULL::jpop,'[]') q;
+SELECT * FROM
+  json_populate_recordset(null::record, '[]') AS (x int, y int);
+
+-- composite domain
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(null::j_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 0, "y": 1}]');
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(row(1,2)::j_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 0}, {"y": 3}]');
+SELECT json_populate_recordset(row(1,2)::j_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 1, "y": 0}]');
+
+-- negative cases where the wrong record type is supplied
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row(0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row(0::int,0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row(0::int,0::int,0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+select * from json_populate_recordset(row(1000000000::int,50::int),'[{"b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+
+-- test type info caching in json_populate_record()
+CREATE TEMP TABLE jspoptest (js json);
+
+INSERT INTO jspoptest
+SELECT '{
+	"jsa": [1, "2", null, 4],
+	"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2},
+	"reca": [{"a": "abc", "b": 456}, null, {"c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}]
+}'::json
+FROM generate_series(1, 3);
+
+SELECT (json_populate_record(NULL::jsrec, js)).* FROM jspoptest;
+
+DROP TYPE jsrec;
+DROP TYPE jsrec_i_not_null;
+DROP DOMAIN js_int_not_null;
+DROP DOMAIN js_int_array_1d;
+DROP DOMAIN js_int_array_2d;
+DROP DOMAIN j_ordered_pair;
+DROP TYPE j_unordered_pair;
+
+--json_typeof() function
+select value, json_typeof(value)
+  from (values (json '123.4'),
+               (json '-1'),
+               (json '"foo"'),
+               (json 'true'),
+               (json 'false'),
+               (json 'null'),
+               (json '[1, 2, 3]'),
+               (json '[]'),
+               (json '{"x":"foo", "y":123}'),
+               (json '{}'),
+               (NULL::json))
+      as data(value);
+
+-- json_build_array, json_build_object, json_object_agg
+
+SELECT json_build_array('a',1,'b',1.2,'c',true,'d',null,'e',json '{"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}');
+SELECT json_build_array('a', NULL); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC NULL::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC '{}'::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC '{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC ARRAY['a', NULL]::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::int[]); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_array(VARIADIC '{{1,4},{2,5},{3,6}}'::int[][]); -- ok
+
+SELECT json_build_object('a',1,'b',1.2,'c',true,'d',null,'e',json '{"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}');
+
+SELECT json_build_object(
+       'a', json_build_object('b',false,'c',99),
+       'd', json_build_object('e',array[9,8,7]::int[],
+           'f', (select row_to_json(r) from ( select relkind, oid::regclass as name from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') r)));
+SELECT json_build_object('{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- error
+SELECT json_build_object('{a,b,c}'::text[], '{d,e,f}'::text[]); -- error, key cannot be array
+SELECT json_build_object('a', 'b', 'c'); -- error
+SELECT json_build_object(NULL, 'a'); -- error, key cannot be NULL
+SELECT json_build_object('a', NULL); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC NULL::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC '{}'::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC '{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- error
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC ARRAY['a', NULL]::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC ARRAY[NULL, 'a']::text[]); -- error, key cannot be NULL
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::int[]); -- ok
+SELECT json_build_object(VARIADIC '{{1,4},{2,5},{3,6}}'::int[][]); -- ok
+
+-- empty objects/arrays
+SELECT json_build_array();
+
+SELECT json_build_object();
+
+-- make sure keys are quoted
+SELECT json_build_object(1,2);
+
+-- keys must be scalar and not null
+SELECT json_build_object(null,2);
+
+SELECT json_build_object(r,2) FROM (SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b) r;
+
+SELECT json_build_object(json '{"a":1,"b":2}', 3);
+
+SELECT json_build_object('{1,2,3}'::int[], 3);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (serial_num int, name text, type text);
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847001,'t15','GE1043');
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847002,'t16','GE1043');
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847003,'sub-alpha','GESS90');
+
+SELECT json_build_object('turbines',json_object_agg(serial_num,json_build_object('name',name,'type',type)))
+FROM foo;
+
+SELECT json_object_agg(name, type) FROM foo;
+
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (999999, NULL, 'bar');
+SELECT json_object_agg(name, type) FROM foo;
+
+-- json_object
+
+-- empty object, one dimension
+SELECT json_object('{}');
+
+-- empty object, two dimensions
+SELECT json_object('{}', '{}');
+
+-- one dimension
+SELECT json_object('{a,1,b,2,3,NULL,"d e f","a b c"}');
+
+-- same but with two dimensions
+SELECT json_object('{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}');
+
+-- odd number error
+SELECT json_object('{a,b,c}');
+
+-- one column error
+SELECT json_object('{{a},{b}}');
+
+-- too many columns error
+SELECT json_object('{{a,b,c},{b,c,d}}');
+
+-- too many dimensions error
+SELECT json_object('{{{a,b},{c,d}},{{b,c},{d,e}}}');
+
+--two argument form of json_object
+
+select json_object('{a,b,c,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+
+-- too many dimensions
+SELECT json_object('{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}', '{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}');
+
+-- mismatched dimensions
+
+select json_object('{a,b,c,"d e f",g}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+
+select json_object('{a,b,c,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c",g}');
+
+-- null key error
+
+select json_object('{a,b,NULL,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+
+-- empty key is allowed
+
+select json_object('{a,b,"","d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+
+
+-- json_to_record and json_to_recordset
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"a":1,"b":"foo","c":"bar"}')
+    as x(a int, b text, d text);
+
+select * from json_to_recordset('[{"a":1,"b":"foo","d":false},{"a":2,"b":"bar","c":true}]')
+    as x(a int, b text, c boolean);
+
+select * from json_to_recordset('[{"a":1,"b":{"d":"foo"},"c":true},{"a":2,"c":false,"b":{"d":"bar"}}]')
+    as x(a int, b json, c boolean);
+
+select *, c is null as c_is_null
+from json_to_record('{"a":1, "b":{"c":16, "d":2}, "x":8, "ca": ["1 2", 3], "ia": [[1,2],[3,4]], "r": {"a": "aaa", "b": 123}}'::json)
+    as t(a int, b json, c text, x int, ca char(5)[], ia int[][], r jpop);
+
+select *, c is null as c_is_null
+from json_to_recordset('[{"a":1, "b":{"c":16, "d":2}, "x":8}]'::json)
+    as t(a int, b json, c text, x int);
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": null}') as x(ia _int4);
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": 123}') as x(ia _int4);
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": [1, "2", null, 4]}') as x(ia _int4);
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') as x(ia _int4);
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": [[1], 2]}') as x(ia _int4);
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia": [[1], [2, 3]]}') as x(ia _int4);
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia2": [1, 2, 3]}') as x(ia2 int[][]);
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia2": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') as x(ia2 int4[][]);
+select * from json_to_record('{"ia2": [[[1], [2], [3]]]}') as x(ia2 int4[][]);
+
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": {"key": 1}}') as x(out json);
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": [{"key": 1}]}') as x(out json);
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": "{\"key\": 1}"}') as x(out json);
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": {"key": 1}}') as x(out jsonb);
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": [{"key": 1}]}') as x(out jsonb);
+select * from json_to_record('{"out": "{\"key\": 1}"}') as x(out jsonb);
+
+-- json_strip_nulls
+
+select json_strip_nulls(null);
+
+select json_strip_nulls('1');
+
+select json_strip_nulls('"a string"');
+
+select json_strip_nulls('null');
+
+select json_strip_nulls('[1,2,null,3,4]');
+
+select json_strip_nulls('{"a":1,"b":null,"c":[2,null,3],"d":{"e":4,"f":null}}');
+
+select json_strip_nulls('[1,{"a":1,"b":null,"c":2},3]');
+
+-- an empty object is not null and should not be stripped
+select json_strip_nulls('{"a": {"b": null, "c": null}, "d": {} }');
+
+-- json to tsvector
+select to_tsvector('{"a": "aaa bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh iii"}}'::json);
+
+-- json to tsvector with config
+select to_tsvector('simple', '{"a": "aaa bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh iii"}}'::json);
+
+-- json to tsvector with stop words
+select to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["the eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh. iii"}}'::json);
+
+-- json to tsvector with numeric values
+select to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb ddd ccc", "b": 123, "c": 456}'::json);
+
+-- json_to_tsvector
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"all"');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"key"');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"string"');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"numeric"');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"boolean"');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '["string", "numeric"]');
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"all"');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"key"');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"string"');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"numeric"');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '"boolean"');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '["string", "numeric"]');
+
+-- to_tsvector corner cases
+select to_tsvector('""'::json);
+select to_tsvector('{}'::json);
+select to_tsvector('[]'::json);
+select to_tsvector('null'::json);
+
+-- json_to_tsvector corner cases
+select json_to_tsvector('""'::json, '"all"');
+select json_to_tsvector('{}'::json, '"all"');
+select json_to_tsvector('[]'::json, '"all"');
+select json_to_tsvector('null'::json, '"all"');
+
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '""');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '{}');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '[]');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, 'null');
+select json_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::json, '["all", null]');
+
+-- ts_headline for json
+select ts_headline('{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::json, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'));
+select ts_headline('english', '{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::json, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'));
+select ts_headline('{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::json, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'), 'StartSel = <, StopSel = >');
+select ts_headline('english', '{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::json, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'), 'StartSel = <, StopSel = >');
+
+-- corner cases for ts_headline with json
+select ts_headline('null'::json, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
+select ts_headline('{}'::json, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
+select ts_headline('[]'::json, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/json_encoding.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/json_encoding.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7fac69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/json_encoding.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+--
+-- encoding-sensitive tests for json and jsonb
+--
+
+-- We provide expected-results files for UTF8 (json_encoding.out)
+-- and for SQL_ASCII (json_encoding_1.out).  Skip otherwise.
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() NOT IN ('UTF8', 'SQL_ASCII')
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding();           -- just to label the results files
+
+-- first json
+
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '"\u"'::json;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+SELECT '"\u00"'::json;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+SELECT '"\u000g"'::json;		-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+SELECT '"\u0000"'::json;		-- OK, legal escape
+SELECT '"\uaBcD"'::json;		-- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+
+select json '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36" }' -> 'a' as correct_in_utf8;
+select json '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+select json '{ "a":  "\ude04\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- surrogates in wrong order
+select json '{ "a":  "\ud83dX" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan high surrogate
+select json '{ "a":  "\ude04X" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan low surrogate
+
+--handling of simple unicode escapes
+
+select json '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' as correct_in_utf8;
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' as correct_everywhere;
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' as not_an_escape;
+select json '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' as not_unescaped;
+select json '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' as not_an_escape;
+
+select json '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' ->> 'a' as correct_in_utf8;
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as correct_everywhere;
+select json '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
+select json '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as fails;
+select json '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
+
+-- then jsonb
+
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '"\u"'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+SELECT '"\u00"'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+SELECT '"\u000g"'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+SELECT '"\u0045"'::jsonb;		-- OK, legal escape
+SELECT '"\u0000"'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, we don't support U+0000
+-- use octet_length here so we don't get an odd unicode char in the
+-- output
+SELECT octet_length('"\uaBcD"'::jsonb::text); -- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+
+SELECT octet_length((jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36" }' -> 'a')::text) AS correct_in_utf8;
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83d\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ude04\ud83d" }' -> 'a'; -- surrogates in wrong order
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ud83dX" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan high surrogate
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "\ude04X" }' -> 'a'; -- orphan low surrogate
+
+-- handling of simple unicode escapes
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' as correct_in_utf8;
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' as correct_everywhere;
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' as not_an_escape;
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' as fails;
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' as not_an_escape;
+
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "the Copyright \u00a9 sign" }' ->> 'a' as correct_in_utf8;
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as correct_everywhere;
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as fails;
+SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' ->> 'a' as not_an_escape;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/jsonb.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/jsonb.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66d731a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/jsonb.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1515 @@
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+
+CREATE TABLE testjsonb (
+       j jsonb
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/jsonb.data'
+COPY testjsonb FROM :'filename';
+
+-- Strings.
+SELECT '""'::jsonb;				-- OK.
+SELECT $$''$$::jsonb;			-- ERROR, single quotes are not allowed
+SELECT '"abc"'::jsonb;			-- OK
+SELECT '"abc'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, quotes not closed
+SELECT '"abc
+def"'::jsonb;					-- ERROR, unescaped newline in string constant
+SELECT '"\n\"\\"'::jsonb;		-- OK, legal escapes
+SELECT '"\v"'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, not a valid JSON escape
+-- see json_encoding test for input with unicode escapes
+
+-- Numbers.
+SELECT '1'::jsonb;				-- OK
+SELECT '0'::jsonb;				-- OK
+SELECT '01'::jsonb;				-- ERROR, not valid according to JSON spec
+SELECT '0.1'::jsonb;				-- OK
+SELECT '9223372036854775808'::jsonb;	-- OK, even though it's too large for int8
+SELECT '1e100'::jsonb;			-- OK
+SELECT '1.3e100'::jsonb;			-- OK
+SELECT '1f2'::jsonb;				-- ERROR
+SELECT '0.x1'::jsonb;			-- ERROR
+SELECT '1.3ex100'::jsonb;		-- ERROR
+
+-- Arrays.
+SELECT '[]'::jsonb;				-- OK
+SELECT '[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]'::jsonb;  -- OK
+SELECT '[1,2]'::jsonb;			-- OK
+SELECT '[1,2,]'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, trailing comma
+SELECT '[1,2'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, no closing bracket
+SELECT '[1,[2]'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, no closing bracket
+
+-- Objects.
+SELECT '{}'::jsonb;				-- OK
+SELECT '{"abc"}'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, no value
+SELECT '{"abc":1}'::jsonb;		-- OK
+SELECT '{1:"abc"}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, keys must be strings
+SELECT '{"abc",1}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, wrong separator
+SELECT '{"abc"=1}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, totally wrong separator
+SELECT '{"abc"::1}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, another wrong separator
+SELECT '{"abc":1,"def":2,"ghi":[3,4],"hij":{"klm":5,"nop":[6]}}'::jsonb; -- OK
+SELECT '{"abc":1:2}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, colon in wrong spot
+SELECT '{"abc":1,3}'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, no value
+
+-- Recursion.
+SET max_stack_depth = '100kB';
+SELECT repeat('[', 10000)::jsonb;
+SELECT repeat('{"a":', 10000)::jsonb;
+RESET max_stack_depth;
+
+-- Miscellaneous stuff.
+SELECT 'true'::jsonb;			-- OK
+SELECT 'false'::jsonb;			-- OK
+SELECT 'null'::jsonb;			-- OK
+SELECT ' true '::jsonb;			-- OK, even with extra whitespace
+SELECT 'true false'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, too many values
+SELECT 'true, false'::jsonb;		-- ERROR, too many values
+SELECT 'truf'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, not a keyword
+SELECT 'trues'::jsonb;			-- ERROR, not a keyword
+SELECT ''::jsonb;				-- ERROR, no value
+SELECT '    '::jsonb;			-- ERROR, no value
+
+-- Multi-line JSON input to check ERROR reporting
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":"two",
+		"three":
+		true}'::jsonb; -- OK
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":,"two",  -- ERROR extraneous comma before field "two"
+		"three":
+		true}'::jsonb;
+SELECT '{
+		"one": 1,
+		"two":"two",
+		"averyveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryverylongfieldname":}'::jsonb;
+-- ERROR missing value for last field
+
+-- make sure jsonb is passed through json generators without being escaped
+SELECT array_to_json(ARRAY [jsonb '{"a":1}', jsonb '{"b":[2,3]}']);
+
+-- anyarray column
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE rows AS
+SELECT x, 'txt' || x as y
+FROM generate_series(1,3) AS x;
+
+analyze rows;
+
+select attname, to_jsonb(histogram_bounds) histogram_bounds
+from pg_stats
+where tablename = 'rows' and
+      schemaname = pg_my_temp_schema()::regnamespace::text
+order by 1;
+
+-- to_jsonb, timestamps
+
+select to_jsonb(timestamp '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298');
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL TIME ZONE 10.5;
+select to_jsonb(timestamptz '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298-04');
+SET LOCAL TIME ZONE -8;
+select to_jsonb(timestamptz '2014-05-28 12:22:35.614298-04');
+COMMIT;
+
+select to_jsonb(date '2014-05-28');
+
+select to_jsonb(date 'Infinity');
+select to_jsonb(date '-Infinity');
+select to_jsonb(timestamp 'Infinity');
+select to_jsonb(timestamp '-Infinity');
+select to_jsonb(timestamptz 'Infinity');
+select to_jsonb(timestamptz '-Infinity');
+
+--jsonb_agg
+
+SELECT jsonb_agg(q)
+  FROM ( SELECT $$a$$ || x AS b, y AS c,
+               ARRAY[ROW(x.*,ARRAY[1,2,3]),
+               ROW(y.*,ARRAY[4,5,6])] AS z
+         FROM generate_series(1,2) x,
+              generate_series(4,5) y) q;
+
+SELECT jsonb_agg(q ORDER BY x, y)
+  FROM rows q;
+
+UPDATE rows SET x = NULL WHERE x = 1;
+
+SELECT jsonb_agg(q ORDER BY x NULLS FIRST, y)
+  FROM rows q;
+
+-- jsonb extraction functions
+CREATE TEMP TABLE test_jsonb (
+       json_type text,
+       test_json jsonb
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_jsonb VALUES
+('scalar','"a scalar"'),
+('array','["zero", "one","two",null,"four","five", [1,2,3],{"f1":9}]'),
+('object','{"field1":"val1","field2":"val2","field3":null, "field4": 4, "field5": [1,2,3], "field6": {"f1":9}}');
+
+SELECT test_json -> 'x' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+SELECT test_json -> 'x' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+SELECT test_json -> 'x' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+SELECT test_json -> 'field2' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field2' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field2' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field2' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+SELECT test_json -> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+SELECT test_json -> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+SELECT test_json -> 9 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+SELECT test_json -> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 6 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+SELECT test_json ->> 7 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field4' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field5' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+SELECT test_json ->> 'field6' FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+SELECT test_json ->> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+SELECT test_json ->> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+SELECT test_json ->> 2 FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+SELECT jsonb_object_keys(test_json) FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'scalar';
+SELECT jsonb_object_keys(test_json) FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+SELECT jsonb_object_keys(test_json) FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+
+-- nulls
+SELECT (test_json->'field3') IS NULL AS expect_false FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+SELECT (test_json->>'field3') IS NULL AS expect_true FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'object';
+SELECT (test_json->3) IS NULL AS expect_false FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+SELECT (test_json->>3) IS NULL AS expect_true FROM test_jsonb WHERE json_type = 'array';
+
+-- corner cases
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb -> null::text;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb -> null::int;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb -> 1;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb -> 'z';
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb -> '';
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb -> 1;
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb -> 3;
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb -> 'z';
+select '{"a": "c", "b": null}'::jsonb -> 'b';
+select '"foo"'::jsonb -> 1;
+select '"foo"'::jsonb -> 'z';
+
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb ->> null::text;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb ->> null::int;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb ->> 1;
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb ->> 'z';
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb ->> '';
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb ->> 1;
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb ->> 3;
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb ->> 'z';
+select '{"a": "c", "b": null}'::jsonb ->> 'b';
+select '"foo"'::jsonb ->> 1;
+select '"foo"'::jsonb ->> 'z';
+
+-- equality and inequality
+SELECT '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb = '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb;
+SELECT '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb = '{"x":"z"}'::jsonb;
+
+SELECT '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb <> '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb;
+SELECT '{"x":"y"}'::jsonb <> '{"x":"z"}'::jsonb;
+
+-- containment
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"b"}');
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"b", "c":null}');
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"b", "g":null}');
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"g":null}');
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"c"}');
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"b"}');
+SELECT jsonb_contains('{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}', '{"a":"b", "c":"q"}');
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"b"}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"b", "c":null}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"b", "g":null}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"g":null}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"c"}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"b"}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}'::jsonb @> '{"a":"b", "c":"q"}';
+
+SELECT '[1,2]'::jsonb @> '[1,2,2]'::jsonb;
+SELECT '[1,1,2]'::jsonb @> '[1,2,2]'::jsonb;
+SELECT '[[1,2]]'::jsonb @> '[[1,2,2]]'::jsonb;
+SELECT '[1,2,2]'::jsonb <@ '[1,2]'::jsonb;
+SELECT '[1,2,2]'::jsonb <@ '[1,1,2]'::jsonb;
+SELECT '[[1,2,2]]'::jsonb <@ '[[1,2]]'::jsonb;
+
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"b"}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"b", "c":null}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"b", "g":null}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"g":null}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"c"}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"b"}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+SELECT jsonb_contained('{"a":"b", "c":"q"}', '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}');
+SELECT '{"a":"b"}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "c":null}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "g":null}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+SELECT '{"g":null}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+SELECT '{"a":"c"}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b"}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b", "c":"q"}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":"b", "b":1, "c":null}';
+-- Raw scalar may contain another raw scalar, array may contain a raw scalar
+SELECT '[5]'::jsonb @> '[5]';
+SELECT '5'::jsonb @> '5';
+SELECT '[5]'::jsonb @> '5';
+-- But a raw scalar cannot contain an array
+SELECT '5'::jsonb @> '[5]';
+-- In general, one thing should always contain itself. Test array containment:
+SELECT '["9", ["7", "3"], 1]'::jsonb @> '["9", ["7", "3"], 1]'::jsonb;
+SELECT '["9", ["7", "3"], ["1"]]'::jsonb @> '["9", ["7", "3"], ["1"]]'::jsonb;
+-- array containment string matching confusion bug
+SELECT '{ "name": "Bob", "tags": [ "enim", "qui"]}'::jsonb @> '{"tags":["qu"]}';
+
+-- array length
+SELECT jsonb_array_length('[1,2,3,{"f1":1,"f2":[5,6]},4]');
+SELECT jsonb_array_length('[]');
+SELECT jsonb_array_length('{"f1":1,"f2":[5,6]}');
+SELECT jsonb_array_length('4');
+
+-- each
+SELECT jsonb_each('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null}');
+SELECT jsonb_each('{"a":{"b":"c","c":"b","1":"first"},"b":[1,2],"c":"cc","1":"first","n":null}'::jsonb) AS q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_each('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_each('{"a":{"b":"c","c":"b","1":"first"},"b":[1,2],"c":"cc","1":"first","n":null}'::jsonb) AS q;
+
+SELECT jsonb_each_text('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":"null"}');
+SELECT jsonb_each_text('{"a":{"b":"c","c":"b","1":"first"},"b":[1,2],"c":"cc","1":"first","n":null}'::jsonb) AS q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_each_text('{"f1":[1,2,3],"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":null,"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_each_text('{"a":{"b":"c","c":"b","1":"first"},"b":[1,2],"c":"cc","1":"first","n":null}'::jsonb) AS q;
+
+-- exists
+SELECT jsonb_exists('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', 'a');
+SELECT jsonb_exists('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', 'b');
+SELECT jsonb_exists('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', 'c');
+SELECT jsonb_exists('{"a":"null", "b":"qq"}', 'a');
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ? 'a';
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ? 'b';
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ? 'c';
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":"null", "b":"qq"}' ? 'a';
+-- array exists - array elements should behave as keys
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' ? 'bar';
+-- type sensitive array exists - should return no rows (since "exists" only
+-- matches strings that are either object keys or array elements)
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' ? '5'::text;
+-- However, a raw scalar is *contained* within the array
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' @> '5'::jsonb;
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_any('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['a','b']);
+SELECT jsonb_exists_any('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['b','a']);
+SELECT jsonb_exists_any('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['c','a']);
+SELECT jsonb_exists_any('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['c','d']);
+SELECT jsonb_exists_any('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', '{}'::text[]);
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?| ARRAY['a','b'];
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?| ARRAY['b','a'];
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?| ARRAY['c','a'];
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?| ARRAY['c','d'];
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?| '{}'::text[];
+
+SELECT jsonb_exists_all('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['a','b']);
+SELECT jsonb_exists_all('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['b','a']);
+SELECT jsonb_exists_all('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['c','a']);
+SELECT jsonb_exists_all('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', ARRAY['c','d']);
+SELECT jsonb_exists_all('{"a":null, "b":"qq"}', '{}'::text[]);
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& ARRAY['a','b'];
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& ARRAY['b','a'];
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& ARRAY['c','a'];
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& ARRAY['c','d'];
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& ARRAY['a','a', 'b', 'b', 'b'];
+SELECT jsonb '{"a":null, "b":"qq"}' ?& '{}'::text[];
+
+-- typeof
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('{}') AS object;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('{"c":3,"p":"o"}') AS object;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('[]') AS array;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('["a", 1]') AS array;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('null') AS "null";
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('1') AS number;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('-1') AS number;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('1.0') AS number;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('1e2') AS number;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('-1.0') AS number;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('true') AS boolean;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('false') AS boolean;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('"hello"') AS string;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('"true"') AS string;
+SELECT jsonb_typeof('"1.0"') AS string;
+
+-- jsonb_build_array, jsonb_build_object, jsonb_object_agg
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_array('a',1,'b',1.2,'c',true,'d',null,'e',json '{"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}');
+SELECT jsonb_build_array('a', NULL); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC NULL::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC '{}'::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC '{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC ARRAY['a', NULL]::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::int[]); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_array(VARIADIC '{{1,4},{2,5},{3,6}}'::int[][]); -- ok
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('a',1,'b',1.2,'c',true,'d',null,'e',json '{"x": 3, "y": [1,2,3]}');
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(
+       'a', jsonb_build_object('b',false,'c',99),
+       'd', jsonb_build_object('e',array[9,8,7]::int[],
+           'f', (select row_to_json(r) from ( select relkind, oid::regclass as name from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') r)));
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- error
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('{a,b,c}'::text[], '{d,e,f}'::text[]); -- error, key cannot be array
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('a', 'b', 'c'); -- error
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(NULL, 'a'); -- error, key cannot be NULL
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('a', NULL); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC NULL::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC '{}'::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC '{a,b,c}'::text[]); -- error
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC ARRAY['a', NULL]::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC ARRAY[NULL, 'a']::text[]); -- error, key cannot be NULL
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::text[]); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC '{1,2,3,4}'::int[]); -- ok
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(VARIADIC '{{1,4},{2,5},{3,6}}'::int[][]); -- ok
+
+-- empty objects/arrays
+SELECT jsonb_build_array();
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object();
+
+-- make sure keys are quoted
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(1,2);
+
+-- keys must be scalar and not null
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(null,2);
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(r,2) FROM (SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b) r;
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object(json '{"a":1,"b":2}', 3);
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('{1,2,3}'::int[], 3);
+
+-- handling of NULL values
+SELECT jsonb_object_agg(1, NULL::jsonb);
+SELECT jsonb_object_agg(NULL, '{"a":1}');
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (serial_num int, name text, type text);
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847001,'t15','GE1043');
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847002,'t16','GE1043');
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (847003,'sub-alpha','GESS90');
+
+SELECT jsonb_build_object('turbines',jsonb_object_agg(serial_num,jsonb_build_object('name',name,'type',type)))
+FROM foo;
+
+SELECT jsonb_object_agg(name, type) FROM foo;
+
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (999999, NULL, 'bar');
+SELECT jsonb_object_agg(name, type) FROM foo;
+
+-- edge case for parser
+SELECT jsonb_object_agg(DISTINCT 'a', 'abc');
+
+-- jsonb_object
+
+-- empty object, one dimension
+SELECT jsonb_object('{}');
+
+-- empty object, two dimensions
+SELECT jsonb_object('{}', '{}');
+
+-- one dimension
+SELECT jsonb_object('{a,1,b,2,3,NULL,"d e f","a b c"}');
+
+-- same but with two dimensions
+SELECT jsonb_object('{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}');
+
+-- odd number error
+SELECT jsonb_object('{a,b,c}');
+
+-- one column error
+SELECT jsonb_object('{{a},{b}}');
+
+-- too many columns error
+SELECT jsonb_object('{{a,b,c},{b,c,d}}');
+
+-- too many dimensions error
+SELECT jsonb_object('{{{a,b},{c,d}},{{b,c},{d,e}}}');
+
+--two argument form of jsonb_object
+
+select jsonb_object('{a,b,c,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+
+-- too many dimensions
+SELECT jsonb_object('{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}', '{{a,1},{b,2},{3,NULL},{"d e f","a b c"}}');
+
+-- mismatched dimensions
+
+select jsonb_object('{a,b,c,"d e f",g}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+
+select jsonb_object('{a,b,c,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c",g}');
+
+-- null key error
+
+select jsonb_object('{a,b,NULL,"d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+
+-- empty key is allowed
+
+select jsonb_object('{a,b,"","d e f"}','{1,2,3,"a b c"}');
+
+
+
+-- extract_path, extract_path_as_text
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f6');
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2');
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',0::text);
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',1::text);
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f6');
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2');
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',0::text);
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}','f2',1::text);
+
+-- extract_path nulls
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":null,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f5') IS NULL AS expect_false;
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":null,"f6":"stringy"}}','f4','f5') IS NULL AS expect_true;
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":[0,1,2,null]}','f4','3') IS NULL AS expect_false;
+SELECT jsonb_extract_path_text('{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":[0,1,2,null]}','f4','3') IS NULL AS expect_true;
+
+-- extract_path operators
+SELECT '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>array['f4','f6'];
+SELECT '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>array['f2'];
+SELECT '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>array['f2','0'];
+SELECT '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>array['f2','1'];
+
+SELECT '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>>array['f4','f6'];
+SELECT '{"f2":{"f3":1},"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>>array['f2'];
+SELECT '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>>array['f2','0'];
+SELECT '{"f2":["f3",1],"f4":{"f5":99,"f6":"stringy"}}'::jsonb#>>array['f2','1'];
+
+-- corner cases for same
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> '{}';
+select '[1,2,3]'::jsonb #> '{}';
+select '"foo"'::jsonb #> '{}';
+select '42'::jsonb #> '{}';
+select 'null'::jsonb #> '{}';
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a', null];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a', ''];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a','b'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a','b','c'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a','b','c','d'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #> array['a','z','c'];
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb #> array['a','1','b'];
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb #> array['a','z','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb #> array['1','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb #> array['z','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": null}]'::jsonb #> array['1','b'];
+select '"foo"'::jsonb #> array['z'];
+select '42'::jsonb #> array['f2'];
+select '42'::jsonb #> array['0'];
+
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> '{}';
+select '[1,2,3]'::jsonb #>> '{}';
+select '"foo"'::jsonb #>> '{}';
+select '42'::jsonb #>> '{}';
+select 'null'::jsonb #>> '{}';
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a', null];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a', ''];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a','b'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a','b','c'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a','b','c','d'];
+select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::jsonb #>> array['a','z','c'];
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb #>> array['a','1','b'];
+select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::jsonb #>> array['a','z','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb #>> array['1','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::jsonb #>> array['z','b'];
+select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": null}]'::jsonb #>> array['1','b'];
+select '"foo"'::jsonb #>> array['z'];
+select '42'::jsonb #>> array['f2'];
+select '42'::jsonb #>> array['0'];
+
+-- array_elements
+SELECT jsonb_array_elements('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false]');
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_array_elements('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false]') q;
+SELECT jsonb_array_elements_text('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]');
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_array_elements_text('[1,true,[1,[2,3]],null,{"f1":1,"f2":[7,8,9]},false,"stringy"]') q;
+
+-- populate_record
+CREATE TYPE jbpop AS (a text, b int, c timestamp);
+
+CREATE DOMAIN jsb_int_not_null  AS int     NOT NULL;
+CREATE DOMAIN jsb_int_array_1d  AS int[]   CHECK(array_length(VALUE, 1) = 3);
+CREATE DOMAIN jsb_int_array_2d  AS int[][] CHECK(array_length(VALUE, 2) = 3);
+
+create type jb_unordered_pair as (x int, y int);
+create domain jb_ordered_pair as jb_unordered_pair check((value).x <= (value).y);
+
+CREATE TYPE jsbrec AS (
+	i	int,
+	ia	_int4,
+	ia1	int[],
+	ia2	int[][],
+	ia3	int[][][],
+	ia1d	jsb_int_array_1d,
+	ia2d	jsb_int_array_2d,
+	t	text,
+	ta	text[],
+	c	char(10),
+	ca	char(10)[],
+	ts	timestamp,
+	js	json,
+	jsb	jsonb,
+	jsa	json[],
+	rec	jbpop,
+	reca	jbpop[]
+);
+
+CREATE TYPE jsbrec_i_not_null AS (
+	i	jsb_int_not_null
+);
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jbpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jbpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop,'{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2}') q;
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jbpop,'{"a":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop,'{"a":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop,'{"c":[100,200,false],"x":43.2}') q;
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_record(row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop, '{}') q;
+
+SELECT i FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec_i_not_null, '{"x": 43.2}') q;
+SELECT i FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec_i_not_null, '{"i": null}') q;
+SELECT i FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec_i_not_null, '{"i": 12345}') q;
+
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": null}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": 123}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": [[1], 2]}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": [[1], [2, 3]]}') q;
+SELECT ia FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia": "{1,2,3}"}') q;
+
+SELECT ia1 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1": null}') q;
+SELECT ia1 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1": 123}') q;
+SELECT ia1 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ia1 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1": [[1, 2, 3]]}') q;
+
+SELECT ia1d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1d": null}') q;
+SELECT ia1d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1d": 123}') q;
+SELECT ia1d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1d": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ia1d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia1d": [1, "2", null]}') q;
+
+SELECT ia2 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ia2 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], [null, 4]]}') q;
+SELECT ia2 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2": [[], []]}') q;
+SELECT ia2 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], [3]]}') q;
+SELECT ia2 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2": [[1, 2], 3, 4]}') q;
+
+SELECT ia2d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2d": [[1, "2"], [null, 4]]}') q;
+SELECT ia2d FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia2d": [[1, "2", 3], [null, 5, 6]]}') q;
+
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [[1, 2], [null, 4]]}') q;
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [ [[], []], [[], []], [[], []] ]}') q;
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2]], [[3, 4]] ]}') q;
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]] ]}') q;
+SELECT ia3 FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ia3": [ [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8], [9, 10]] ]}') q;
+
+SELECT ta FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ta": null}') q;
+SELECT ta FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ta": 123}') q;
+SELECT ta FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ta": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ta FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ta": [[1, 2, 3], {"k": "v"}]}') q;
+
+SELECT c FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"c": null}') q;
+SELECT c FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"c": "aaa"}') q;
+SELECT c FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"c": "aaaaaaaaaa"}') q;
+SELECT c FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"c": "aaaaaaaaaaaaa"}') q;
+
+SELECT ca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ca": null}') q;
+SELECT ca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ca": 123}') q;
+SELECT ca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ca": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT ca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ca": ["aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"]}') q;
+SELECT ca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"ca": [[1, 2, 3], {"k": "v"}]}') q;
+
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": null}') q;
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": true}') q;
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": 123.45}') q;
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": "123.45"}') q;
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": "abc"}') q;
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]}') q;
+SELECT js FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"js": {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}}') q;
+
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": null}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": true}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": 123.45}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": "123.45"}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": "abc"}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": [123, "123", null, {"key": "value"}]}') q;
+SELECT jsb FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsb": {"a": "bbb", "b": null, "c": 123.45}}') q;
+
+SELECT jsa FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsa": null}') q;
+SELECT jsa FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsa": 123}') q;
+SELECT jsa FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsa": [1, "2", null, 4]}') q;
+SELECT jsa FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"jsa": ["aaa", null, [1, 2, "3", {}], { "k" : "v" }]}') q;
+
+SELECT rec FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"rec": 123}') q;
+SELECT rec FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"rec": [1, 2]}') q;
+SELECT rec FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}}') q;
+SELECT rec FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"rec": "(abc,42,01.02.2003)"}') q;
+
+SELECT reca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"reca": 123}') q;
+SELECT reca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"reca": [1, 2]}') q;
+SELECT reca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"reca": [{"a": "abc", "b": 456}, null, {"c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}]}') q;
+SELECT reca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"reca": ["(abc,42,01.02.2003)"]}') q;
+SELECT reca FROM jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, '{"reca": "{\"(abc,42,01.02.2003)\"}"}') q;
+
+SELECT rec FROM jsonb_populate_record(
+	row(NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,
+		row('x',3,'2012-12-31 15:30:56')::jbpop,NULL)::jsbrec,
+	'{"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}}'
+) q;
+
+-- anonymous record type
+SELECT jsonb_populate_record(null::record, '{"x": 0, "y": 1}');
+SELECT jsonb_populate_record(row(1,2), '{"f1": 0, "f2": 1}');
+SELECT * FROM
+  jsonb_populate_record(null::record, '{"x": 776}') AS (x int, y int);
+
+-- composite domain
+SELECT jsonb_populate_record(null::jb_ordered_pair, '{"x": 0, "y": 1}');
+SELECT jsonb_populate_record(row(1,2)::jb_ordered_pair, '{"x": 0}');
+SELECT jsonb_populate_record(row(1,2)::jb_ordered_pair, '{"x": 1, "y": 0}');
+
+-- populate_recordset
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(NULL::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(NULL::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"a":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"c":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(NULL::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"a":"blurfl","x":43.2},{"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(row('def',99,NULL)::jbpop,'[{"a":[100,200,300],"x":43.2},{"a":{"z":true},"b":3,"c":"2012-01-20 10:42:53"}]') q;
+
+-- anonymous record type
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(null::record, '[{"x": 0, "y": 1}]');
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(row(1,2), '[{"f1": 0, "f2": 1}]');
+SELECT i, jsonb_populate_recordset(row(i,50), '[{"f1":"42"},{"f2":"43"}]')
+FROM (VALUES (1),(2)) v(i);
+SELECT * FROM
+  jsonb_populate_recordset(null::record, '[{"x": 776}]') AS (x int, y int);
+
+-- empty array is a corner case
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(null::record, '[]');
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(row(1,2), '[]');
+SELECT * FROM jsonb_populate_recordset(NULL::jbpop,'[]') q;
+SELECT * FROM
+  jsonb_populate_recordset(null::record, '[]') AS (x int, y int);
+
+-- composite domain
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(null::jb_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 0, "y": 1}]');
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(row(1,2)::jb_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 0}, {"y": 3}]');
+SELECT jsonb_populate_recordset(row(1,2)::jb_ordered_pair, '[{"x": 1, "y": 0}]');
+
+-- negative cases where the wrong record type is supplied
+select * from jsonb_populate_recordset(row(0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+select * from jsonb_populate_recordset(row(0::int,0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+select * from jsonb_populate_recordset(row(0::int,0::int,0::int),'[{"a":"1","b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+select * from jsonb_populate_recordset(row(1000000000::int,50::int),'[{"b":"2"},{"a":"3"}]') q (a text, b text);
+
+-- jsonb_to_record and jsonb_to_recordset
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"a":1,"b":"foo","c":"bar"}')
+    as x(a int, b text, d text);
+
+select * from jsonb_to_recordset('[{"a":1,"b":"foo","d":false},{"a":2,"b":"bar","c":true}]')
+    as x(a int, b text, c boolean);
+
+select *, c is null as c_is_null
+from jsonb_to_record('{"a":1, "b":{"c":16, "d":2}, "x":8, "ca": ["1 2", 3], "ia": [[1,2],[3,4]], "r": {"a": "aaa", "b": 123}}'::jsonb)
+    as t(a int, b jsonb, c text, x int, ca char(5)[], ia int[][], r jbpop);
+
+select *, c is null as c_is_null
+from jsonb_to_recordset('[{"a":1, "b":{"c":16, "d":2}, "x":8}]'::jsonb)
+    as t(a int, b jsonb, c text, x int);
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": null}') as x(ia _int4);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": 123}') as x(ia _int4);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": [1, "2", null, 4]}') as x(ia _int4);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') as x(ia _int4);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": [[1], 2]}') as x(ia _int4);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia": [[1], [2, 3]]}') as x(ia _int4);
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia2": [1, 2, 3]}') as x(ia2 int[][]);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia2": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]}') as x(ia2 int4[][]);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"ia2": [[[1], [2], [3]]]}') as x(ia2 int4[][]);
+
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": {"key": 1}}') as x(out json);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": [{"key": 1}]}') as x(out json);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": "{\"key\": 1}"}') as x(out json);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": {"key": 1}}') as x(out jsonb);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": [{"key": 1}]}') as x(out jsonb);
+select * from jsonb_to_record('{"out": "{\"key\": 1}"}') as x(out jsonb);
+
+-- test type info caching in jsonb_populate_record()
+CREATE TEMP TABLE jsbpoptest (js jsonb);
+
+INSERT INTO jsbpoptest
+SELECT '{
+	"jsa": [1, "2", null, 4],
+	"rec": {"a": "abc", "c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2},
+	"reca": [{"a": "abc", "b": 456}, null, {"c": "01.02.2003", "x": 43.2}]
+}'::jsonb
+FROM generate_series(1, 3);
+
+SELECT (jsonb_populate_record(NULL::jsbrec, js)).* FROM jsbpoptest;
+
+DROP TYPE jsbrec;
+DROP TYPE jsbrec_i_not_null;
+DROP DOMAIN jsb_int_not_null;
+DROP DOMAIN jsb_int_array_1d;
+DROP DOMAIN jsb_int_array_2d;
+DROP DOMAIN jb_ordered_pair;
+DROP TYPE jb_unordered_pair;
+
+-- indexing
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":null}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC"}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC", "public":true}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25.0}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ? 'public';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ? 'bar';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ?| ARRAY['public','disabled'];
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ?& ARRAY['public','disabled'];
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == null';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '"CC" == $.wait';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == "CC" && true == $.public';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25.0';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.bar)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public) || exists($.disabled)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public) && exists($.disabled)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? (@ == null)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? ("CC" == @)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.wait == "CC" && true == @.public)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.age ? (@ == 25)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.age == 25.0)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.public';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.bar';
+
+CREATE INDEX jidx ON testjsonb USING gin (j);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":null}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC"}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC", "public":true}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25.0}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"array":["foo"]}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"array":["bar"]}';
+-- exercise GIN_SEARCH_MODE_ALL
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ? 'public';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ? 'bar';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ?| ARRAY['public','disabled'];
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j ?& ARRAY['public','disabled'];
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == null';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == null';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($ ? (@.wait == null))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.wait ? (@ == null))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '"CC" == $.wait';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == "CC" && true == $.public';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25.0';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.array[*] == "foo"';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.array[*] == "bar"';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($ ? (@.array[*] == "bar"))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.array ? (@[*] == "bar"))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.array[*] ? (@ == "bar"))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.bar)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public) || exists($.disabled)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.public) && exists($.disabled)';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? (@ == null)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? (@ == null)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? ("CC" == @)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.wait == "CC" && true == @.public)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.age ? (@ == 25)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.age == 25.0)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.array[*] == "bar")';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.array ? (@[*] == "bar")';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.array[*] ? (@ == "bar")';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.public';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.bar';
+
+-- array exists - array elements should behave as keys (for GIN index scans too)
+CREATE INDEX jidx_array ON testjsonb USING gin((j->'array'));
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' ? 'bar';
+-- type sensitive array exists - should return no rows (since "exists" only
+-- matches strings that are either object keys or array elements)
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' ? '5'::text;
+-- However, a raw scalar is *contained* within the array
+SELECT count(*) from testjsonb  WHERE j->'array' @> '5'::jsonb;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM (SELECT (jsonb_each(j)).key FROM testjsonb) AS wow;
+SELECT key, count(*) FROM (SELECT (jsonb_each(j)).key FROM testjsonb) AS wow GROUP BY key ORDER BY count DESC, key;
+
+-- sort/hash
+SELECT count(distinct j) FROM testjsonb;
+SET enable_hashagg = off;
+SELECT count(*) FROM (SELECT j FROM (SELECT * FROM testjsonb UNION ALL SELECT * FROM testjsonb) js GROUP BY j) js2;
+SET enable_hashagg = on;
+SET enable_sort = off;
+SELECT count(*) FROM (SELECT j FROM (SELECT * FROM testjsonb UNION ALL SELECT * FROM testjsonb) js GROUP BY j) js2;
+SELECT distinct * FROM (values (jsonb '{}' || ''::text),('{}')) v(j);
+SET enable_sort = on;
+
+RESET enable_hashagg;
+RESET enable_sort;
+
+DROP INDEX jidx;
+DROP INDEX jidx_array;
+-- btree
+CREATE INDEX jidx ON testjsonb USING btree (j);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j > '{"p":1}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j = '{"pos":98, "line":371, "node":"CBA", "indexed":true}';
+
+--gin path opclass
+DROP INDEX jidx;
+CREATE INDEX jidx ON testjsonb USING gin (j jsonb_path_ops);
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":null}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC"}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"wait":"CC", "public":true}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25}';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{"age":25.0}';
+-- exercise GIN_SEARCH_MODE_ALL
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @> '{}';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == null';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($ ? (@.wait == null))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.wait ? (@ == null))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '"CC" == $.wait';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.wait == "CC" && true == $.public';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.age == 25.0';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.array[*] == "foo"';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ '$.array[*] == "bar"';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($ ? (@.array[*] == "bar"))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.array ? (@[*] == "bar"))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($.array[*] ? (@ == "bar"))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @@ 'exists($)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? (@ == null)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? (@ == null)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.wait ? ("CC" == @)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.wait == "CC" && true == @.public)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.age ? (@ == 25)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.age == 25.0)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$ ? (@.array[*] == "bar")';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.array ? (@[*] == "bar")';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.array[*] ? (@ == "bar")';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.public';
+SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j @? '$.bar';
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+DROP INDEX jidx;
+
+-- nested tests
+SELECT '{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16}}'::jsonb;
+SELECT '{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123}'::jsonb;
+SELECT '{"aa":["a","aaa"],"qq":{"a":12,"b":16,"c":["c1","c2"],"d":{"d1":"d1","d2":"d2","d1":"d3"}}}'::jsonb;
+SELECT '{"aa":["a","aaa"],"qq":{"a":"12","b":"16","c":["c1","c2"],"d":{"d1":"d1","d2":"d2"}}}'::jsonb;
+SELECT '{"aa":["a","aaa"],"qq":{"a":"12","b":"16","c":["c1","c2",["c3"],{"c4":4}],"d":{"d1":"d1","d2":"d2"}}}'::jsonb;
+SELECT '{"ff":["a","aaa"]}'::jsonb;
+
+SELECT
+  '{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123,"x":[1,2],"Y":null}'::jsonb -> 'ff',
+  '{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123,"x":[1,2],"Y":null}'::jsonb -> 'qq',
+  ('{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123,"x":[1,2],"Y":null}'::jsonb -> 'Y') IS NULL AS f,
+  ('{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123,"x":[1,2],"Y":null}'::jsonb ->> 'Y') IS NULL AS t,
+   '{"ff":{"a":12,"b":16},"qq":123,"x":[1,2],"Y":null}'::jsonb -> 'x';
+
+-- nested containment
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[1,2]}';
+SELECT '{"a":[2,1],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[1,2]}';
+SELECT '{"a":{"1":2},"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[1,2]}';
+SELECT '{"a":{"2":1},"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[1,2]}';
+SELECT '{"a":{"1":2},"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":{"1":2}}';
+SELECT '{"a":{"2":1},"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":{"1":2}}';
+SELECT '["a","b"]'::jsonb @> '["a","b","c","b"]';
+SELECT '["a","b","c","b"]'::jsonb @> '["a","b"]';
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2]]'::jsonb @> '["a",[1,2]]';
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2]]'::jsonb @> '["b",[1,2]]';
+
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[1]}';
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[2]}';
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[3]}';
+
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2,{"c":3,"x":4}],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[{"c":3}]}';
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2,{"c":3,"x":4}],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[{"x":4}]}';
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2,{"c":3,"x":4}],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[{"x":4},3]}';
+SELECT '{"a":[1,2,{"c":3,"x":4}],"c":"b"}'::jsonb @> '{"a":[{"x":4},1]}';
+
+-- check some corner cases for indexed nested containment (bug #13756)
+create temp table nestjsonb (j jsonb);
+insert into nestjsonb (j) values ('{"a":[["b",{"x":1}],["b",{"x":2}]],"c":3}');
+insert into nestjsonb (j) values ('[[14,2,3]]');
+insert into nestjsonb (j) values ('[1,[14,2,3]]');
+create index on nestjsonb using gin(j jsonb_path_ops);
+
+set enable_seqscan = on;
+set enable_bitmapscan = off;
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '{"a":[[{"x":2}]]}'::jsonb;
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '{"c":3}';
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '[[14]]';
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+set enable_bitmapscan = on;
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '{"a":[[{"x":2}]]}'::jsonb;
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '{"c":3}';
+select * from nestjsonb where j @> '[[14]]';
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+
+-- nested object field / array index lookup
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'n';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'a';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'b';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'c';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'd';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'd' -> '1';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 'e';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb -> 0; --expecting error
+
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 0;
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 1;
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 2;
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 3;
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 3 -> 1;
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 4;
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> 5;
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> -1;
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> -5;
+SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> -6;
+
+--nested path extraction
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{0}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{a}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,0}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,1}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,2}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,3}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,-1}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,-3}';
+SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,-4}';
+
+SELECT '[0,1,2,[3,4],{"5":"five"}]'::jsonb #> '{0}';
+SELECT '[0,1,2,[3,4],{"5":"five"}]'::jsonb #> '{3}';
+SELECT '[0,1,2,[3,4],{"5":"five"}]'::jsonb #> '{4}';
+SELECT '[0,1,2,[3,4],{"5":"five"}]'::jsonb #> '{4,5}';
+
+--nested exists
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'n';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'a';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'b';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'c';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'd';
+SELECT '{"n":null,"a":1,"b":[1,2],"c":{"1":2},"d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb ? 'e';
+
+-- jsonb_strip_nulls
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls(null);
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('1');
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('"a string"');
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('null');
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('[1,2,null,3,4]');
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('{"a":1,"b":null,"c":[2,null,3],"d":{"e":4,"f":null}}');
+
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('[1,{"a":1,"b":null,"c":2},3]');
+
+-- an empty object is not null and should not be stripped
+select jsonb_strip_nulls('{"a": {"b": null, "c": null}, "d": {} }');
+
+
+select jsonb_pretty('{"a": "test", "b": [1, 2, 3], "c": "test3", "d":{"dd": "test4", "dd2":{"ddd": "test5"}}}');
+select jsonb_pretty('[{"f1":1,"f2":null},2,null,[[{"x":true},6,7],8],3]');
+select jsonb_pretty('{"a":["b", "c"], "d": {"e":"f"}}');
+
+select jsonb_concat('{"d": "test", "a": [1, 2]}', '{"g": "test2", "c": {"c1":1, "c2":2}}');
+
+select '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::jsonb || '{"cq":"l", "b":"g", "fg":false}';
+select '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::jsonb || '{"aq":"l"}';
+select '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::jsonb || '{"aa":"l"}';
+select '{"aa":1 , "b":2, "cq":3}'::jsonb || '{}';
+
+select '["a", "b"]'::jsonb || '["c"]';
+select '["a", "b"]'::jsonb || '["c", "d"]';
+select '["c"]' || '["a", "b"]'::jsonb;
+
+select '["a", "b"]'::jsonb || '"c"';
+select '"c"' || '["a", "b"]'::jsonb;
+
+select '[]'::jsonb || '["a"]'::jsonb;
+select '[]'::jsonb || '"a"'::jsonb;
+select '"b"'::jsonb || '"a"'::jsonb;
+select '{}'::jsonb || '{"a":"b"}'::jsonb;
+select '[]'::jsonb || '{"a":"b"}'::jsonb;
+select '{"a":"b"}'::jsonb || '[]'::jsonb;
+
+select '"a"'::jsonb || '{"a":1}';
+select '{"a":1}' || '"a"'::jsonb;
+
+select '[3]'::jsonb || '{}'::jsonb;
+select '3'::jsonb || '[]'::jsonb;
+select '3'::jsonb || '4'::jsonb;
+select '3'::jsonb || '{}'::jsonb;
+
+select '["a", "b"]'::jsonb || '{"c":1}';
+select '{"c": 1}'::jsonb || '["a", "b"]';
+
+select '{}'::jsonb || '{"cq":"l", "b":"g", "fg":false}';
+
+select pg_column_size('{}'::jsonb || '{}'::jsonb) = pg_column_size('{}'::jsonb);
+select pg_column_size('{"aa":1}'::jsonb || '{"b":2}'::jsonb) = pg_column_size('{"aa":1, "b":2}'::jsonb);
+select pg_column_size('{"aa":1, "b":2}'::jsonb || '{}'::jsonb) = pg_column_size('{"aa":1, "b":2}'::jsonb);
+select pg_column_size('{}'::jsonb || '{"aa":1, "b":2}'::jsonb) = pg_column_size('{"aa":1, "b":2}'::jsonb);
+
+select jsonb_delete('{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb, 'a');
+select jsonb_delete('{"a":null , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb, 'a');
+select jsonb_delete('{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb, 'b');
+select jsonb_delete('{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb, 'c');
+select jsonb_delete('{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb, 'd');
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'a';
+select '{"a":null , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'a';
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'b';
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'c';
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'd';
+select pg_column_size('{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - 'b') = pg_column_size('{"a":1, "b":2}'::jsonb);
+
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - 3;
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - 2;
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - 1;
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - 0;
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - -1;
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - -2;
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - -3;
+select '["a","b","c"]'::jsonb - -4;
+
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - '{b}'::text[];
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - '{c,b}'::text[];
+select '{"a":1 , "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb - '{}'::text[];
+
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{n}', '[1,2,3]');
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{b,-1}', '[1,2,3]');
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{d,1,0}', '[1,2,3]');
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{d,NULL,0}', '[1,2,3]');
+
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{n}', '{"1": 2}');
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{b,-1}', '{"1": 2}');
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{d,1,0}', '{"1": 2}');
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{d,NULL,0}', '{"1": 2}');
+
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{b,-1}', '"test"');
+select jsonb_set('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb, '{b,-1}', '{"f": "test"}');
+
+select jsonb_delete_path('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}', '{n}');
+select jsonb_delete_path('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}', '{b,-1}');
+select jsonb_delete_path('{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}', '{d,1,0}');
+
+select '{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb #- '{n}';
+select '{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb #- '{b,-1}';
+select '{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb #- '{b,-1e}'; -- invalid array subscript
+select '{"n":null, "a":1, "b":[1,2], "c":{"1":2}, "d":{"1":[2,3]}}'::jsonb #- '{d,1,0}';
+
+
+-- empty structure and error conditions for delete and replace
+
+select '"a"'::jsonb - 'a'; -- error
+select '{}'::jsonb - 'a';
+select '[]'::jsonb - 'a';
+select '"a"'::jsonb - 1; -- error
+select '{}'::jsonb -  1; -- error
+select '[]'::jsonb - 1;
+select '"a"'::jsonb #- '{a}'; -- error
+select '{}'::jsonb #- '{a}';
+select '[]'::jsonb #- '{a}';
+select jsonb_set('"a"','{a}','"b"'); --error
+select jsonb_set('{}','{a}','"b"', false);
+select jsonb_set('[]','{1}','"b"', false);
+select jsonb_set('[{"f1":1,"f2":null},2,null,3]', '{0}','[2,3,4]', false);
+
+-- jsonb_set adding instead of replacing
+
+-- prepend to array
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[0,1,2],"c":{"d":4}}','{b,-33}','{"foo":123}');
+-- append to array
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[0,1,2],"c":{"d":4}}','{b,33}','{"foo":123}');
+-- check nesting levels addition
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[4,5,[0,1,2],6,7],"c":{"d":4}}','{b,2,33}','{"foo":123}');
+-- add new key
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[0,1,2],"c":{"d":4}}','{c,e}','{"foo":123}');
+-- adding doesn't do anything if elements before last aren't present
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[0,1,2],"c":{"d":4}}','{x,-33}','{"foo":123}');
+select jsonb_set('{"a":1,"b":[0,1,2],"c":{"d":4}}','{x,y}','{"foo":123}');
+-- add to empty object
+select jsonb_set('{}','{x}','{"foo":123}');
+--add to empty array
+select jsonb_set('[]','{0}','{"foo":123}');
+select jsonb_set('[]','{99}','{"foo":123}');
+select jsonb_set('[]','{-99}','{"foo":123}');
+select jsonb_set('{"a": [1, 2, 3]}', '{a, non_integer}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_set('{"a": {"b": [1, 2, 3]}}', '{a, b, non_integer}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_set('{"a": {"b": [1, 2, 3]}}', '{a, b, NULL}', '"new_value"');
+
+-- jsonb_set_lax
+
+\pset null NULL
+
+-- pass though non nulls to jsonb_set
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}','{b}','5') ;
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}','{d}','6', true) ;
+-- using the default treatment
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}','{b}',null);
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}','{d}',null,true);
+-- errors
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, true, null);
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, true, 'no_such_treatment');
+-- explicit treatments
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, null_value_treatment => 'raise_exception') as raise_exception;
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, null_value_treatment => 'return_target') as return_target;
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, null_value_treatment => 'delete_key') as delete_key;
+select jsonb_set_lax('{"a":1,"b":2}', '{b}', null, null_value_treatment => 'use_json_null') as use_json_null;
+
+\pset null ''
+
+-- jsonb_insert
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 1}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 1}', '"new_value"', true);
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": {"c": [0, 1, "test1", "test2"]}}}', '{a, b, c, 2}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": {"c": [0, 1, "test1", "test2"]}}}', '{a, b, c, 2}', '"new_value"', true);
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 1}', '{"b": "value"}');
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 1}', '["value1", "value2"]');
+
+-- edge cases
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 0}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 0}', '"new_value"', true);
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 2}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 2}', '"new_value"', true);
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, -1}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, -1}', '"new_value"', true);
+select jsonb_insert('[]', '{1}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_insert('[]', '{1}', '"new_value"', true);
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": []}', '{a, 1}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": []}', '{a, 1}', '"new_value"', true);
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, 10}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": [0,1,2]}', '{a, -10}', '"new_value"');
+
+-- jsonb_insert should be able to insert new value for objects, but not to replace
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": "value"}}', '{a, c}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": "value"}}', '{a, c}', '"new_value"', true);
+
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": "value"}}', '{a, b}', '"new_value"');
+select jsonb_insert('{"a": {"b": "value"}}', '{a, b}', '"new_value"', true);
+
+-- jsonb subscript
+select ('123'::jsonb)['a'];
+select ('123'::jsonb)[0];
+select ('123'::jsonb)[NULL];
+select ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+select ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)[0];
+select ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['not_exist'];
+select ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)[NULL];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)['a'];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[0];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)['1'];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1.0];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[2];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[3];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[-2];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1]['a'];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1][0];
+select ('{"a": 1, "b": "c", "d": [1, 2, 3]}'::jsonb)['b'];
+select ('{"a": 1, "b": "c", "d": [1, 2, 3]}'::jsonb)['d'];
+select ('{"a": 1, "b": "c", "d": [1, 2, 3]}'::jsonb)['d'][1];
+select ('{"a": 1, "b": "c", "d": [1, 2, 3]}'::jsonb)['d']['a'];
+select ('{"a": {"a1": {"a2": "aaa"}}, "b": "bbb", "c": "ccc"}'::jsonb)['a']['a1'];
+select ('{"a": {"a1": {"a2": "aaa"}}, "b": "bbb", "c": "ccc"}'::jsonb)['a']['a1']['a2'];
+select ('{"a": {"a1": {"a2": "aaa"}}, "b": "bbb", "c": "ccc"}'::jsonb)['a']['a1']['a2']['a3'];
+select ('{"a": ["a1", {"b1": ["aaa", "bbb", "ccc"]}], "b": "bb"}'::jsonb)['a'][1]['b1'];
+select ('{"a": ["a1", {"b1": ["aaa", "bbb", "ccc"]}], "b": "bb"}'::jsonb)['a'][1]['b1'][2];
+
+-- slices are not supported
+select ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a':'b'];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1:2];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[:2];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1:];
+select ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[:];
+
+create TEMP TABLE test_jsonb_subscript (
+       id int,
+       test_json jsonb
+);
+
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values
+(1, '{}'), -- empty jsonb
+(2, '{"key": "value"}'); -- jsonb with data
+
+-- update empty jsonb
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '1' where id = 1;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- update jsonb with some data
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '1' where id = 2;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- replace jsonb
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '"test"';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- replace by object
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '{"b": 1}'::jsonb;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- replace by array
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '[1, 2, 3]'::jsonb;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- use jsonb subscription in where clause
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript where test_json['key'] = '"value"';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript where test_json['key_doesnt_exists'] = '"value"';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript where test_json['key'] = '"wrong_value"';
+
+-- NULL
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[NULL] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['another_key'] = NULL;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- NULL as jsonb source
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (3, NULL);
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'] = '1' where id = 3;
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json = NULL where id = 3;
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- Fill the gaps logic
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '[0]');
+
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[5] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[-4] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[-8] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- keep consistent values position
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '[]');
+
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[5] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- create the whole path
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][0]['b'][0]['c'] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][2]['b'][2]['c'][2] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- create the whole path with already existing keys
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{"b": 1}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][0] = '2';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- the start jsonb is an object, first subscript is treated as a key
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0]['a'] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- the start jsonb is an array
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '[]');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0]['a'] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[2]['b'] = '2';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- overwriting an existing path
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b'][1] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b'][10] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '[]');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0][0][0] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0][0][1] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b'][10] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][10][10] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- an empty sub element
+
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{"a": {}}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b']['c'][2] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{"a": []}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][1]['c'][2] = '1';
+select * from test_jsonb_subscript;
+
+-- trying replace assuming a composite object, but it's an element or a value
+
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, '{"a": 1}');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b'] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a']['b']['c'] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][0] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][0]['c'] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json['a'][0][0] = '1';
+
+-- trying replace assuming a composite object, but it's a raw scalar
+
+delete from test_jsonb_subscript;
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values (1, 'null');
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0] = '1';
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[0][0] = '1';
+
+-- try some things with short-header and toasted subscript values
+
+drop table test_jsonb_subscript;
+create temp table test_jsonb_subscript (
+       id text,
+       test_json jsonb
+);
+
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript values('foo', '{"foo": "bar"}');
+insert into test_jsonb_subscript
+  select s, ('{"' || s || '": "bar"}')::jsonb from repeat('xyzzy', 500) s;
+select length(id), test_json[id] from test_jsonb_subscript;
+update test_jsonb_subscript set test_json[id] = '"baz"';
+select length(id), test_json[id] from test_jsonb_subscript;
+\x
+table test_jsonb_subscript;
+\x
+
+-- jsonb to tsvector
+select to_tsvector('{"a": "aaa bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh iii"}}'::jsonb);
+
+-- jsonb to tsvector with config
+select to_tsvector('simple', '{"a": "aaa bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh iii"}}'::jsonb);
+
+-- jsonb to tsvector with stop words
+select to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb ddd ccc", "b": ["the eee fff ggg"], "c": {"d": "hhh. iii"}}'::jsonb);
+
+-- jsonb to tsvector with numeric values
+select to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb ddd ccc", "b": 123, "c": 456}'::jsonb);
+
+-- jsonb_to_tsvector
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"all"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"key"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"string"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"numeric"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"boolean"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '["string", "numeric"]');
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"all"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"key"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"string"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"numeric"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '"boolean"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '["string", "numeric"]');
+
+-- to_tsvector corner cases
+select to_tsvector('""'::jsonb);
+select to_tsvector('{}'::jsonb);
+select to_tsvector('[]'::jsonb);
+select to_tsvector('null'::jsonb);
+
+-- jsonb_to_tsvector corner cases
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('""'::jsonb, '"all"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('{}'::jsonb, '"all"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('[]'::jsonb, '"all"');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('null'::jsonb, '"all"');
+
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '""');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '{}');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '[]');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, 'null');
+select jsonb_to_tsvector('english', '{"a": "aaa in bbb", "b": 123, "c": 456, "d": true, "f": false, "g": null}'::jsonb, '["all", null]');
+
+-- ts_headline for jsonb
+select ts_headline('{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::jsonb, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'));
+select ts_headline('english', '{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::jsonb, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'));
+select ts_headline('{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::jsonb, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'), 'StartSel = <, StopSel = >');
+select ts_headline('english', '{"a": "aaa bbb", "b": {"c": "ccc ddd fff", "c1": "ccc1 ddd1"}, "d": ["ggg hhh", "iii jjj"]}'::jsonb, tsquery('bbb & ddd & hhh'), 'StartSel = <, StopSel = >');
+
+-- corner cases for ts_headline with jsonb
+select ts_headline('null'::jsonb, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
+select ts_headline('{}'::jsonb, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
+select ts_headline('[]'::jsonb, tsquery('aaa & bbb'));
+
+-- casts
+select 'true'::jsonb::bool;
+select '[]'::jsonb::bool;
+select '1.0'::jsonb::float;
+select '[1.0]'::jsonb::float;
+select '12345'::jsonb::int4;
+select '"hello"'::jsonb::int4;
+select '12345'::jsonb::numeric;
+select '{}'::jsonb::numeric;
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::numeric;
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::float4;
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::float8;
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::int2;
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::int4;
+select '12345.05'::jsonb::int8;
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::numeric;
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::float4;
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::float8;
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::int2;
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::int4;
+select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::int8;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/jsonb_jsonpath.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/jsonb_jsonpath.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0ce509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/jsonb_jsonpath.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '$';
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '1';
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '$.a.b';
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '$.b';
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '$.a + 2';
+select jsonb '{"a": 12}' @? '$.b + 2';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"a": 12}}' @? '$.a.a';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"a": 12}}' @? '$.*.a';
+select jsonb '{"b": {"a": 12}}' @? '$.*.a';
+select jsonb '{"b": {"a": 12}}' @? '$.*.b';
+select jsonb '{"b": {"a": 12}}' @? 'strict $.*.b';
+select jsonb '{}' @? '$.*';
+select jsonb '{"a": 1}' @? '$.*';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? 'lax $.**{1}';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? 'lax $.**{2}';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? 'lax $.**{3}';
+select jsonb '[]' @? '$[*]';
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[*]';
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[1]';
+select jsonb '[1]' @? 'strict $[1]';
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'strict $[1]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'strict $[1]', silent => true);
+select jsonb '[1]' @? 'lax $[10000000000000000]';
+select jsonb '[1]' @? 'strict $[10000000000000000]';
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'lax $[10000000000000000]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'strict $[10000000000000000]');
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[0]';
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[0.3]';
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[0.5]';
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[0.9]';
+select jsonb '[1]' @? '$[1.2]';
+select jsonb '[1]' @? 'strict $[1.2]';
+select jsonb '{"a": [1,2,3], "b": [3,4,5]}' @? '$ ? (@.a[*] >  @.b[*])';
+select jsonb '{"a": [1,2,3], "b": [3,4,5]}' @? '$ ? (@.a[*] >= @.b[*])';
+select jsonb '{"a": [1,2,3], "b": [3,4,"5"]}' @? '$ ? (@.a[*] >= @.b[*])';
+select jsonb '{"a": [1,2,3], "b": [3,4,"5"]}' @? 'strict $ ? (@.a[*] >= @.b[*])';
+select jsonb '{"a": [1,2,3], "b": [3,4,null]}' @? '$ ? (@.a[*] >= @.b[*])';
+select jsonb '1' @? '$ ? ((@ == "1") is unknown)';
+select jsonb '1' @? '$ ? ((@ == 1) is unknown)';
+select jsonb '[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]' @? '$[0 to 1] ? (@.a > 1)';
+
+select jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'lax $[*].a', silent => false);
+select jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'lax $[*].a', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'strict $[*].a', silent => false);
+select jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'strict $[*].a', silent => true);
+
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'lax $.a');
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $.a');
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $.*');
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $.a', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $.*', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'lax $.a');
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $.a');
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $.a', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', 'lax $.a');
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', 'strict $.a');
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', 'strict $.a', silent => true);
+
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $[1]');
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $[*]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $[1]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $["a"]');
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $[1]', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'strict $[*]', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $[1]', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $["a"]', silent => true);
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 12, "b": {"a": 13}}', '$.a');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 12, "b": {"a": 13}}', '$.b');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 12, "b": {"a": 13}}', '$.*');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 12, "b": {"a": 13}}', 'lax $.*.a');
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[*].a');
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[*].*');
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[0].a');
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[1].a');
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[2].a');
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[0,1].a');
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[0 to 10].a');
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}]', 'lax $[0 to 10 / 0].a');
+select jsonb_path_query('[12, {"a": 13}, {"b": 14}, "ccc", true]', '$[2.5 - 1 to $.size() - 2]');
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'lax $[0]');
+select jsonb_path_query('1', 'lax $[*]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'lax $[0]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', 'lax $[*]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', 'lax $[*]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', 'strict $[*].a');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', 'strict $[*].a', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', '$[last]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', '$[last ? (exists(last))]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $[last]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $[last]', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('[1]', '$[last]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', '$[last]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', '$[last - 1]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', '$[last ? (@.type() == "number")]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', '$[last ? (@.type() == "string")]');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,3]', '$[last ? (@.type() == "string")]', silent => true);
+
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$ ? (@.a < $value)');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$ ? (@.a < $value)', '1');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$ ? (@.a < $value)', '[{"value" : 13}]');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$ ? (@.a < $value)', '{"value" : 13}');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$ ? (@.a < $value)', '{"value" : 8}');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{"a": 10}', '$.a ? (@ < $value)', '{"value" : 13}');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[10,11,12,13,14,15]', '$[*] ? (@ < $value)', '{"value" : 13}');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[10,11,12,13,14,15]', '$[0,1] ? (@ < $x.value)', '{"x": {"value" : 13}}');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[10,11,12,13,14,15]', '$[0 to 2] ? (@ < $value)', '{"value" : 15}');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[1,"1",2,"2",null]', '$[*] ? (@ == "1")');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[1,"1",2,"2",null]', '$[*] ? (@ == $value)', '{"value" : "1"}');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[1,"1",2,"2",null]', '$[*] ? (@ == $value)', '{"value" : null}');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[1, "2", null]', '$[*] ? (@ != null)');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[1, "2", null]', '$[*] ? (@ == null)');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('{}', '$ ? (@ == @)');
+select * from jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $ ? (@ == @)');
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{0}');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{0 to last}');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{1}');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{1 to last}');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{2}');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{2 to last}');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{3 to last}');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{last}');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{0}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{1}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{0 to last}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{1 to last}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"b": 1}}', 'lax $.**{1 to 2}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{0}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{1}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{0 to last}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{1 to last}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{1 to 2}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}', 'lax $.**{2 to 3}.b ? (@ > 0)');
+
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**{0}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**{1}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**{0 to last}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**{1 to last}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"b": 1}}' @? '$.**{1 to 2}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{0}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{1}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{0 to last}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{1 to last}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{1 to 2}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+select jsonb '{"a": {"c": {"b": 1}}}' @? '$.**{2 to 3}.b ? ( @ > 0)';
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": {"x": 2}}', '$.g ? (exists (@.x))');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": {"x": 2}}', '$.g ? (exists (@.y))');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": {"x": 2}}', '$.g ? (exists (@.x ? (@ >= 2) ))');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'lax $.g ? (exists (@.x))');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'lax $.g ? (exists (@.x + "3"))');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'lax $.g ? ((exists (@.x + "3")) is unknown)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'strict $.g[*] ? (exists (@.x))');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'strict $.g[*] ? ((exists (@.x)) is unknown)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'strict $.g ? (exists (@[*].x))');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"g": [{"x": 2}, {"y": 3}]}', 'strict $.g ? ((exists (@[*].x)) is unknown)');
+
+--test ternary logic
+select
+	x, y,
+	jsonb_path_query(
+		'[true, false, null]',
+		'$[*] ? (@ == true  &&  ($x == true && $y == true) ||
+				 @ == false && !($x == true && $y == true) ||
+				 @ == null  &&  ($x == true && $y == true) is unknown)',
+		jsonb_build_object('x', x, 'y', y)
+	) as "x && y"
+from
+	(values (jsonb 'true'), ('false'), ('"null"')) x(x),
+	(values (jsonb 'true'), ('false'), ('"null"')) y(y);
+
+select
+	x, y,
+	jsonb_path_query(
+		'[true, false, null]',
+		'$[*] ? (@ == true  &&  ($x == true || $y == true) ||
+				 @ == false && !($x == true || $y == true) ||
+				 @ == null  &&  ($x == true || $y == true) is unknown)',
+		jsonb_build_object('x', x, 'y', y)
+	) as "x || y"
+from
+	(values (jsonb 'true'), ('false'), ('"null"')) x(x),
+	(values (jsonb 'true'), ('false'), ('"null"')) y(y);
+
+select jsonb '{"a": 1, "b":1}' @? '$ ? (@.a == @.b)';
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 1, "b":1}}' @? '$ ? (@.a == @.b)';
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 1, "b":1}}' @? '$.c ? (@.a == @.b)';
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 1, "b":1}}' @? '$.c ? ($.c.a == @.b)';
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 1, "b":1}}' @? '$.* ? (@.a == @.b)';
+select jsonb '{"a": 1, "b":1}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == @.b)';
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 1, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == @.b)';
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"c": {"a": 2, "b":1}}', '$.** ? (@.a == 1 + 1)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"c": {"a": 2, "b":1}}', '$.** ? (@.a == (1 + 1))');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"c": {"a": 2, "b":1}}', '$.** ? (@.a == @.b + 1)');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"c": {"a": 2, "b":1}}', '$.** ? (@.a == (@.b + 1))');
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": -1, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == - 1)';
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": -1, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == -1)';
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": -1, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == -@.b)';
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": -1, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == - @.b)';
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 0, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == 1 - @.b)';
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 2, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == 1 - - @.b)';
+select jsonb '{"c": {"a": 0, "b":1}}' @? '$.** ? (@.a == 1 - +@.b)';
+select jsonb '[1,2,3]' @? '$ ? (+@[*] > +2)';
+select jsonb '[1,2,3]' @? '$ ? (+@[*] > +3)';
+select jsonb '[1,2,3]' @? '$ ? (-@[*] < -2)';
+select jsonb '[1,2,3]' @? '$ ? (-@[*] < -3)';
+select jsonb '1' @? '$ ? ($ > 0)';
+
+-- arithmetic errors
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,0,3]', '$[*] ? (2 / @ > 0)');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,2,0,3]', '$[*] ? ((2 / @ > 0) is unknown)');
+select jsonb_path_query('0', '1 / $');
+select jsonb_path_query('0', '1 / $ + 2');
+select jsonb_path_query('0', '-(3 + 1 % $)');
+select jsonb_path_query('1', '$ + "2"');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2]', '3 * $');
+select jsonb_path_query('"a"', '-$');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,"2",3]', '+$');
+select jsonb_path_query('1', '$ + "2"', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2]', '3 * $', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('"a"', '-$', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,"2",3]', '+$', silent => true);
+select jsonb '["1",2,0,3]' @? '-$[*]';
+select jsonb '[1,"2",0,3]' @? '-$[*]';
+select jsonb '["1",2,0,3]' @? 'strict -$[*]';
+select jsonb '[1,"2",0,3]' @? 'strict -$[*]';
+
+-- unwrapping of operator arguments in lax mode
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": [2]}', 'lax $.a * 3');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": [2]}', 'lax $.a + 3');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": [2, 3, 4]}', 'lax -$.a');
+-- should fail
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": [1, 2]}', 'lax $.a * 3');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": [1, 2]}', 'lax $.a * 3', silent => true);
+
+-- extension: boolean expressions
+select jsonb_path_query('2', '$ > 1');
+select jsonb_path_query('2', '$ <= 1');
+select jsonb_path_query('2', '$ == "2"');
+select jsonb '2' @? '$ == "2"';
+
+select jsonb '2' @@ '$ > 1';
+select jsonb '2' @@ '$ <= 1';
+select jsonb '2' @@ '$ == "2"';
+select jsonb '2' @@ '1';
+select jsonb '{}' @@ '$';
+select jsonb '[]' @@ '$';
+select jsonb '[1,2,3]' @@ '$[*]';
+select jsonb '[]' @@ '$[*]';
+select jsonb_path_match('[[1, true], [2, false]]', 'strict $[*] ? (@[0] > $x) [1]', '{"x": 1}');
+select jsonb_path_match('[[1, true], [2, false]]', 'strict $[*] ? (@[0] < $x) [1]', '{"x": 2}');
+
+select jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'lax exists($[*].a)', silent => false);
+select jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'lax exists($[*].a)', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'strict exists($[*].a)', silent => false);
+select jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, 3]', 'strict exists($[*].a)', silent => true);
+
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null,1,true,"a",[],{}]', '$.type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null,1,true,"a",[],{}]', 'lax $.type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null,1,true,"a",[],{}]', '$[*].type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('null', 'null.type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('null', 'true.type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('null', '(123).type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('null', '"123".type()');
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 2}', '($.a - 5).abs() + 10');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 2.5}', '-($.a * $.a).floor() % 4.3');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2, 3]', '($[*] > 2) ? (@ == true)');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2, 3]', '($[*] > 3).type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2, 3]', '($[*].a > 3).type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1, 2, 3]', 'strict ($[*].a > 3).type()');
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,null,true,"11",[],[1],[1,2,3],{},{"a":1,"b":2}]', 'strict $[*].size()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,null,true,"11",[],[1],[1,2,3],{},{"a":1,"b":2}]', 'strict $[*].size()', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('[1,null,true,"11",[],[1],[1,2,3],{},{"a":1,"b":2}]', 'lax $[*].size()');
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[0, 1, -2, -3.4, 5.6]', '$[*].abs()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[0, 1, -2, -3.4, 5.6]', '$[*].floor()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[0, 1, -2, -3.4, 5.6]', '$[*].ceiling()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[0, 1, -2, -3.4, 5.6]', '$[*].ceiling().abs()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[0, 1, -2, -3.4, 5.6]', '$[*].ceiling().abs().type()');
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[{},1]', '$[*].keyvalue()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[{},1]', '$[*].keyvalue()', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.keyvalue()');
+select jsonb_path_query('{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2], "c": {"a": "bbb"}}', '$.keyvalue()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}, {"c": {"a": "bbb"}}]', '$[*].keyvalue()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}, {"c": {"a": "bbb"}}]', 'strict $.keyvalue()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}, {"c": {"a": "bbb"}}]', 'lax $.keyvalue()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}, {"c": {"a": "bbb"}}]', 'strict $.keyvalue().a');
+select jsonb '{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}' @? 'lax $.keyvalue()';
+select jsonb '{"a": 1, "b": [1, 2]}' @? 'lax $.keyvalue().key';
+
+select jsonb_path_query('null', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('true', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('null', '$.double()', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('true', '$.double()', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $.double()', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.double()', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('1.23', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"1.23"', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"1.23aaa"', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('1e1000', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"nan"', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"NaN"', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"inf"', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"-inf"', '$.double()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"inf"', '$.double()', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('"-inf"', '$.double()', silent => true);
+
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.abs()');
+select jsonb_path_query('true', '$.floor()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"1.2"', '$.ceiling()');
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.abs()', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('true', '$.floor()', silent => true);
+select jsonb_path_query('"1.2"', '$.ceiling()', silent => true);
+
+select jsonb_path_query('["", "a", "abc", "abcabc"]', '$[*] ? (@ starts with "abc")');
+select jsonb_path_query('["", "a", "abc", "abcabc"]', 'strict $ ? (@[*] starts with "abc")');
+select jsonb_path_query('["", "a", "abd", "abdabc"]', 'strict $ ? (@[*] starts with "abc")');
+select jsonb_path_query('["abc", "abcabc", null, 1]', 'strict $ ? (@[*] starts with "abc")');
+select jsonb_path_query('["abc", "abcabc", null, 1]', 'strict $ ? ((@[*] starts with "abc") is unknown)');
+select jsonb_path_query('[[null, 1, "abc", "abcabc"]]', 'lax $ ? (@[*] starts with "abc")');
+select jsonb_path_query('[[null, 1, "abd", "abdabc"]]', 'lax $ ? ((@[*] starts with "abc") is unknown)');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "abd", "abdabc"]', 'lax $[*] ? ((@ starts with "abc") is unknown)');
+
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "abc", "abd", "aBdC", "abdacb", "babc", "adc\nabc", "ab\nadc"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^ab.*c")');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "abc", "abd", "aBdC", "abdacb", "babc", "adc\nabc", "ab\nadc"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^ab.*c" flag "i")');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "abc", "abd", "aBdC", "abdacb", "babc", "adc\nabc", "ab\nadc"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^ab.*c" flag "m")');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "abc", "abd", "aBdC", "abdacb", "babc", "adc\nabc", "ab\nadc"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^ab.*c" flag "s")');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "a\\b" flag "q")');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "a\\b" flag "")');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^a\\b$" flag "q")');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^a\\B$" flag "q")');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^a\\B$" flag "iq")');
+select jsonb_path_query('[null, 1, "a\b", "a\\b", "^a\\b$"]', 'lax $[*] ? (@ like_regex "^a\\b$" flag "")');
+
+select jsonb_path_query('null', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('true', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('1', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('[]', 'strict $.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('{}', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"bogus"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34"', '$.datetime("aaa")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"aaaa"', '$.datetime("HH24")');
+
+select jsonb '"10-03-2017"' @? '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy")';
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy").type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy").type()');
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '       $.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI").type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 +05:20"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH:TZM").type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI:SS").type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56 +05:20"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI:SS TZH:TZM").type()');
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017T12:34:56"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy\"T\"HH24:MI:SS")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017t12:34:56"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy\"T\"HH24:MI:SS")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34:56"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy\"T\"HH24:MI:SS")');
+
+set time zone '+00';
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 +05"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 -05"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 +05:20"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 -05:20"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 +05"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 -05"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 +05:20"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 -05:20"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+
+set time zone '+10';
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 +05"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 -05"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 +05:20"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"10-03-2017 12:34 -05:20"', '$.datetime("dd-mm-yyyy HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 +05"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 -05"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 +05:20"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34 -05:20"', '$.datetime("HH24:MI TZH:TZM")');
+
+set time zone default;
+
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10"', '$.datetime().type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56"', '$.datetime().type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56+3"', '$.datetime().type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56+3"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime().type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10T12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10t12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10 12:34:56.789+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10T12:34:56.789+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"2017-03-10t12:34:56.789+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56"', '$.datetime().type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56+3"', '$.datetime().type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56+3"', '$.datetime()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime().type()');
+select jsonb_path_query('"12:34:56+3:10"', '$.datetime()');
+
+set time zone '+00';
+
+-- date comparison
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "2017-03-09", "12:34:56", "01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 00:00:00", "2017-03-10 12:34:56", "2017-03-10 01:02:03+04", "2017-03-10 03:00:00+03"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "10.03.2017".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy"))');
+
+-- time comparison
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00", "12:35:00", "12:36:00", "12:35:00+00", "12:35:00+01", "13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "12:35".datetime("HH24:MI"))');
+
+-- timetz comparison
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["12:34:00+01", "12:35:00+01", "12:36:00+01", "12:35:00+02", "12:35:00-02", "10:35:00", "11:35:00", "12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00 +1"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ <  "12:35 +1".datetime("HH24:MI TZH"))');
+
+-- timestamp comparison
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ < "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:36:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 13:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-01", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ < "10.03.2017 12:35".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI"))');
+
+-- timestamptz comparison
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+select jsonb_path_query(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ < "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ == "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ >= "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+select jsonb_path_query_tz(
+	'["2017-03-10 12:34:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:36:00+01", "2017-03-10 12:35:00+02", "2017-03-10 12:35:00-02", "2017-03-10 10:35:00", "2017-03-10 11:35:00", "2017-03-10 12:35:00", "2017-03-10", "2017-03-11", "12:34:56", "12:34:56+01"]',
+	'$[*].datetime() ? (@ < "10.03.2017 12:35 +1".datetime("dd.mm.yyyy HH24:MI TZH"))');
+
+-- overflow during comparison
+select jsonb_path_query('"1000000-01-01"', '$.datetime() > "2020-01-01 12:00:00".datetime()'::jsonpath);
+
+set time zone default;
+
+-- jsonpath operators
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*]');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*] ? (@.a > 10)');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1}]', '$undefined_var');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query('[{"a": 1}]', 'false');
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {}]', 'strict $[*].a');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a ? (@ == 1)');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > 10)');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > $min && @ < $max)', vars => '{"min": 1, "max": 4}');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_array('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > $min && @ < $max)', vars => '{"min": 3, "max": 4}');
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {}]', 'strict $[*].a');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {}]', 'strict $[*].a', silent => true);
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a ? (@ == 1)');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > 10)');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > $min && @ < $max)', vars => '{"min": 1, "max": 4}');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > $min && @ < $max)', vars => '{"min": 3, "max": 4}');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}]', '$undefined_var');
+SELECT jsonb_path_query_first('[{"a": 1}]', 'false');
+
+SELECT jsonb '[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]' @? '$[*].a ? (@ > 1)';
+SELECT jsonb '[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]' @? '$[*] ? (@.a > 2)';
+SELECT jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a ? (@ > 1)');
+SELECT jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*] ? (@.a > $min && @.a < $max)', vars => '{"min": 1, "max": 4}');
+SELECT jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}, {"a": 5}]', '$[*] ? (@.a > $min && @.a < $max)', vars => '{"min": 3, "max": 4}');
+SELECT jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}]', '$undefined_var');
+SELECT jsonb_path_exists('[{"a": 1}]', 'false');
+
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('true', '$', silent => false);
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('false', '$', silent => false);
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('null', '$', silent => false);
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('1', '$', silent => true);
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('1', '$', silent => false);
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('"a"', '$', silent => false);
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('{}', '$', silent => false);
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('[true]', '$', silent => false);
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('{}', 'lax $.a', silent => false);
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('{}', 'strict $.a', silent => false);
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('{}', 'strict $.a', silent => true);
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('[true, true]', '$[*]', silent => false);
+SELECT jsonb '[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]' @@ '$[*].a > 1';
+SELECT jsonb '[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]' @@ '$[*].a > 2';
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}]', '$[*].a > 1');
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}]', '$undefined_var');
+SELECT jsonb_path_match('[{"a": 1}]', 'false');
+
+-- test string comparison (Unicode codepoint collation)
+WITH str(j, num) AS
+(
+	SELECT jsonb_build_object('s', s), num
+	FROM unnest('{"", "a", "ab", "abc", "abcd", "b", "A", "AB", "ABC", "ABc", "ABcD", "B"}'::text[]) WITH ORDINALITY AS a(s, num)
+)
+SELECT
+	s1.j, s2.j,
+	jsonb_path_query_first(s1.j, '$.s < $s', vars => s2.j) lt,
+	jsonb_path_query_first(s1.j, '$.s <= $s', vars => s2.j) le,
+	jsonb_path_query_first(s1.j, '$.s == $s', vars => s2.j) eq,
+	jsonb_path_query_first(s1.j, '$.s >= $s', vars => s2.j) ge,
+	jsonb_path_query_first(s1.j, '$.s > $s', vars => s2.j) gt
+FROM str s1, str s2
+ORDER BY s1.num, s2.num;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/jsonpath.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/jsonpath.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d491714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/jsonpath.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+--jsonpath io
+
+select ''::jsonpath;
+select '$'::jsonpath;
+select 'strict $'::jsonpath;
+select 'lax $'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a.v'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a.*'::jsonpath;
+select '$.*[*]'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a[*]'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a[*][*]'::jsonpath;
+select '$[*]'::jsonpath;
+select '$[0]'::jsonpath;
+select '$[*][0]'::jsonpath;
+select '$[*].a'::jsonpath;
+select '$[*][0].a.b'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a.**.b'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a.**{2}.b'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a.**{2 to 2}.b'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a.**{2 to 5}.b'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a.**{0 to 5}.b'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a.**{5 to last}.b'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a.**{last}.b'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a.**{last to 5}.b'::jsonpath;
+select '$+1'::jsonpath;
+select '$-1'::jsonpath;
+select '$--+1'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a/+-1'::jsonpath;
+select '1 * 2 + 4 % -3 != false'::jsonpath;
+
+select '"\b\f\r\n\t\v\"\''\\"'::jsonpath;
+select '"\x50\u0067\u{53}\u{051}\u{00004C}"'::jsonpath;
+select '$.foo\x50\u0067\u{53}\u{051}\u{00004C}\t\"bar'::jsonpath;
+select '"\z"'::jsonpath;  -- unrecognized escape is just the literal char
+
+select '$.g ? ($.a == 1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (@ == 1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1 || @.a == 4)'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1 && @.a == 4)'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1 || @.a == 4 && @.b == 7)'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1 || !(@.a == 4) && @.b == 7)'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (@.a == 1 || !(@.x >= 123 || @.a == 4) && @.b == 7)'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (@.x >= @[*]?(@.a > "abc"))'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? ((@.x >= 123 || @.a == 4) is unknown)'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (exists (@.x))'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (exists (@.x ? (@ == 14)))'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? ((@.x >= 123 || @.a == 4) && exists (@.x ? (@ == 14)))'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (+@.x >= +-(+@.a + 2))'::jsonpath;
+
+select '$a'::jsonpath;
+select '$a.b'::jsonpath;
+select '$a[*]'::jsonpath;
+select '$.g ? (@.zip == $zip)'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a[1,2, 3 to 16]'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a[$a + 1, ($b[*]) to -($[0] * 2)]'::jsonpath;
+select '$.a[$.a.size() - 3]'::jsonpath;
+select 'last'::jsonpath;
+select '"last"'::jsonpath;
+select '$.last'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (last > 0)'::jsonpath;
+select '$[last]'::jsonpath;
+select '$[$[0] ? (last > 0)]'::jsonpath;
+
+select 'null.type()'::jsonpath;
+select '1.type()'::jsonpath;
+select '(1).type()'::jsonpath;
+select '1.2.type()'::jsonpath;
+select '"aaa".type()'::jsonpath;
+select 'true.type()'::jsonpath;
+select '$.double().floor().ceiling().abs()'::jsonpath;
+select '$.keyvalue().key'::jsonpath;
+select '$.datetime()'::jsonpath;
+select '$.datetime("datetime template")'::jsonpath;
+
+select '$ ? (@ starts with "abc")'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@ starts with $var)'::jsonpath;
+
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "(invalid pattern")'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern")'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "")'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "i")'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "is")'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "isim")'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "xsms")'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "q")'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "iq")'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "smixq")'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@ like_regex "pattern" flag "a")'::jsonpath;
+
+select '$ < 1'::jsonpath;
+select '($ < 1) || $.a.b <= $x'::jsonpath;
+select '@ + 1'::jsonpath;
+
+select '($).a.b'::jsonpath;
+select '($.a.b).c.d'::jsonpath;
+select '($.a.b + -$.x.y).c.d'::jsonpath;
+select '(-+$.a.b).c.d'::jsonpath;
+select '1 + ($.a.b + 2).c.d'::jsonpath;
+select '1 + ($.a.b > 2).c.d'::jsonpath;
+select '($)'::jsonpath;
+select '(($))'::jsonpath;
+select '((($ + 1)).a + ((2)).b ? ((((@ > 1)) || (exists(@.c)))))'::jsonpath;
+
+select '$ ? (@.a < 1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < .1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -.1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +.1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < 0.1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -0.1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +0.1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < 10.1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -10.1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +10.1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < 1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < .1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < 0.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -0.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +0.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < 10.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -10.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +10.1e1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < 1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < .1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < 0.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -0.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +0.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < 10.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -10.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +10.1e-1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < 1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < .1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < 0.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -0.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +0.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < 10.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < -10.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+select '$ ? (@.a < +10.1e+1)'::jsonpath;
+
+select '0'::jsonpath;
+select '00'::jsonpath;
+select '0.0'::jsonpath;
+select '0.000'::jsonpath;
+select '0.000e1'::jsonpath;
+select '0.000e2'::jsonpath;
+select '0.000e3'::jsonpath;
+select '0.0010'::jsonpath;
+select '0.0010e-1'::jsonpath;
+select '0.0010e+1'::jsonpath;
+select '0.0010e+2'::jsonpath;
+select '.001'::jsonpath;
+select '.001e1'::jsonpath;
+select '1.'::jsonpath;
+select '1.e1'::jsonpath;
+select '1a'::jsonpath;
+select '1e'::jsonpath;
+select '1.e'::jsonpath;
+select '1.2a'::jsonpath;
+select '1.2e'::jsonpath;
+select '1.2.e'::jsonpath;
+select '(1.2).e'::jsonpath;
+select '1e3'::jsonpath;
+select '1.e3'::jsonpath;
+select '1.e3.e'::jsonpath;
+select '1.e3.e4'::jsonpath;
+select '1.2e3'::jsonpath;
+select '1.2e3a'::jsonpath;
+select '1.2.e3'::jsonpath;
+select '(1.2).e3'::jsonpath;
+select '1..e'::jsonpath;
+select '1..e3'::jsonpath;
+select '(1.).e'::jsonpath;
+select '(1.).e3'::jsonpath;
+select '1?(2>3)'::jsonpath;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/jsonpath_encoding.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/jsonpath_encoding.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55d9e30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/jsonpath_encoding.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+--
+-- encoding-sensitive tests for jsonpath
+--
+
+-- We provide expected-results files for UTF8 (jsonpath_encoding.out)
+-- and for SQL_ASCII (jsonpath_encoding_1.out).  Skip otherwise.
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() NOT IN ('UTF8', 'SQL_ASCII')
+       AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding();           -- just to label the results files
+
+-- checks for double-quoted values
+
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '"\u"'::jsonpath;		-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+SELECT '"\u00"'::jsonpath;		-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+SELECT '"\u000g"'::jsonpath;	-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+SELECT '"\u0000"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, legal escape
+SELECT '"\uaBcD"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+select '"\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+select '"\ud83d\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+select '"\ude04\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- surrogates in wrong order
+select '"\ud83dX"'::jsonpath; -- orphan high surrogate
+select '"\ude04X"'::jsonpath; -- orphan low surrogate
+
+--handling of simple unicode escapes
+select '"the Copyright \u00a9 sign"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+select '"dollar \u0024 character"'::jsonpath as correct_everywhere;
+select '"dollar \\u0024 character"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
+select '"null \u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_unescaped;
+select '"null \\u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
+
+-- checks for quoted key names
+
+-- basic unicode input
+SELECT '$."\u"'::jsonpath;		-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+SELECT '$."\u00"'::jsonpath;	-- ERROR, incomplete escape
+SELECT '$."\u000g"'::jsonpath;	-- ERROR, g is not a hex digit
+SELECT '$."\u0000"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, legal escape
+SELECT '$."\uaBcD"'::jsonpath;	-- OK, uppercase and lower case both OK
+
+-- handling of unicode surrogate pairs
+select '$."\ud83d\ude04\ud83d\udc36"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+select '$."\ud83d\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- 2 high surrogates in a row
+select '$."\ude04\ud83d"'::jsonpath; -- surrogates in wrong order
+select '$."\ud83dX"'::jsonpath; -- orphan high surrogate
+select '$."\ude04X"'::jsonpath; -- orphan low surrogate
+
+--handling of simple unicode escapes
+select '$."the Copyright \u00a9 sign"'::jsonpath as correct_in_utf8;
+select '$."dollar \u0024 character"'::jsonpath as correct_everywhere;
+select '$."dollar \\u0024 character"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
+select '$."null \u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_unescaped;
+select '$."null \\u0000 escape"'::jsonpath as not_an_escape;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/largeobject.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/largeobject.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ef03cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/largeobject.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+--
+-- Test large object support
+--
+
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+\getenv abs_builddir PG_ABS_BUILDDIR
+
+-- ensure consistent test output regardless of the default bytea format
+SET bytea_output TO escape;
+
+-- Test ALTER LARGE OBJECT OWNER, GRANT, COMMENT
+CREATE ROLE regress_lo_user;
+SELECT lo_create(42);
+ALTER LARGE OBJECT 42 OWNER TO regress_lo_user;
+GRANT SELECT ON LARGE OBJECT 42 TO public;
+COMMENT ON LARGE OBJECT 42 IS 'the ultimate answer';
+
+-- Test psql's \lo_list et al (we assume no other LOs exist yet)
+\lo_list
+\lo_list+
+\lo_unlink 42
+\dl
+
+-- Load a file
+CREATE TABLE lotest_stash_values (loid oid, fd integer);
+-- lo_creat(mode integer) returns oid
+-- The mode arg to lo_creat is unused, some vestigal holdover from ancient times
+-- returns the large object id
+INSERT INTO lotest_stash_values (loid) SELECT lo_creat(42);
+
+-- NOTE: large objects require transactions
+BEGIN;
+
+-- lo_open(lobjId oid, mode integer) returns integer
+-- The mode parameter to lo_open uses two constants:
+--   INV_WRITE = 0x20000
+--   INV_READ  = 0x40000
+-- The return value is a file descriptor-like value which remains valid for the
+-- transaction.
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd = lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+
+-- loread/lowrite names are wonky, different from other functions which are lo_*
+-- lowrite(fd integer, data bytea) returns integer
+-- the integer is the number of bytes written
+SELECT lowrite(fd, '
+I wandered lonely as a cloud
+That floats on high o''er vales and hills,
+When all at once I saw a crowd,
+A host, of golden daffodils;
+Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
+Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
+
+Continuous as the stars that shine
+And twinkle on the milky way,
+They stretched in never-ending line
+Along the margin of a bay:
+Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
+Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
+
+The waves beside them danced; but they
+Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
+A poet could not but be gay,
+In such a jocund company:
+I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
+What wealth the show to me had brought:
+
+For oft, when on my couch I lie
+In vacant or in pensive mood,
+They flash upon that inward eye
+Which is the bliss of solitude;
+And then my heart with pleasure fills,
+And dances with the daffodils.
+
+         -- William Wordsworth
+') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+-- lo_close(fd integer) returns integer
+-- return value is 0 for success, or <0 for error (actually only -1, but...)
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+END;
+
+-- Copy to another large object.
+-- Note: we intentionally don't remove the object created here;
+-- it's left behind to help test pg_dump.
+
+SELECT lo_from_bytea(0, lo_get(loid)) AS newloid FROM lotest_stash_values
+\gset
+
+-- Add a comment to it, as well, for pg_dump/pg_upgrade testing.
+COMMENT ON LARGE OBJECT :newloid IS 'I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud';
+
+-- Read out a portion
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd=lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+
+-- lo_lseek(fd integer, offset integer, whence integer) returns integer
+-- offset is in bytes, whence is one of three values:
+--  SEEK_SET (= 0) meaning relative to beginning
+--  SEEK_CUR (= 1) meaning relative to current position
+--  SEEK_END (= 2) meaning relative to end (offset better be negative)
+-- returns current position in file
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 104, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+-- loread/lowrite names are wonky, different from other functions which are lo_*
+-- loread(fd integer, len integer) returns bytea
+SELECT loread(fd, 28) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, -19, 1) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lowrite(fd, 'n') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, -744, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 28) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+END;
+
+-- Test resource management
+BEGIN;
+SELECT lo_open(loid, x'40000'::int) from lotest_stash_values;
+ABORT;
+
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/invalid/path'
+\set dobody 'DECLARE loid oid; BEGIN '
+\set dobody :dobody 'SELECT tbl.loid INTO loid FROM lotest_stash_values tbl; '
+\set dobody :dobody 'PERFORM lo_export(loid, ' :'filename' '); '
+\set dobody :dobody 'EXCEPTION WHEN UNDEFINED_FILE THEN '
+\set dobody :dobody 'RAISE NOTICE ''could not open file, as expected''; END'
+DO :'dobody';
+
+-- Test truncation.
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd=lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+
+SELECT lo_truncate(fd, 11) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT loread(fd, 15) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_truncate(fd, 10000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT loread(fd, 10) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_truncate(fd, 5000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+END;
+
+-- Test 64-bit large object functions.
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd = lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, 4294967296, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT lowrite(fd, 'offset:4GB') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, -10, 1) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT loread(fd, 10) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_truncate64(fd, 5000000000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_truncate64(fd, 3000000000) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT lo_lseek64(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+SELECT lo_tell64(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+END;
+
+-- lo_unlink(lobjId oid) returns integer
+-- return value appears to always be 1
+SELECT lo_unlink(loid) from lotest_stash_values;
+
+TRUNCATE lotest_stash_values;
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/tenk.data'
+INSERT INTO lotest_stash_values (loid) SELECT lo_import(:'filename');
+
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE lotest_stash_values SET fd=lo_open(loid, CAST(x'20000' | x'40000' AS integer));
+
+-- verify length of large object
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 0, 2) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+-- with the default BLCKSZ, LOBLKSIZE = 2048, so this positions us for a block
+-- edge case
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 2030, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+-- this should get half of the value from page 0 and half from page 1 of the
+-- large object
+SELECT loread(fd, 36) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_tell(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, -26, 1) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lowrite(fd, 'abcdefghijklmnop') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_lseek(fd, 2030, 0) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT loread(fd, 36) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+SELECT lo_close(fd) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+END;
+
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/lotest.txt'
+SELECT lo_export(loid, :'filename') FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+\lo_import :filename
+
+\set newloid :LASTOID
+
+-- just make sure \lo_export does not barf
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/lotest2.txt'
+\lo_export :newloid :filename
+
+-- This is a hack to test that export/import are reversible
+-- This uses knowledge about the inner workings of large object mechanism
+-- which should not be used outside it.  This makes it a HACK
+SELECT pageno, data FROM pg_largeobject WHERE loid = (SELECT loid from lotest_stash_values)
+EXCEPT
+SELECT pageno, data FROM pg_largeobject WHERE loid = :newloid;
+
+SELECT lo_unlink(loid) FROM lotest_stash_values;
+
+TRUNCATE lotest_stash_values;
+
+\lo_unlink :newloid
+
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/lotest.txt'
+\lo_import :filename
+
+\set newloid_1 :LASTOID
+
+SELECT lo_from_bytea(0, lo_get(:newloid_1)) AS newloid_2
+\gset
+
+SELECT md5(lo_get(:newloid_1)) = md5(lo_get(:newloid_2));
+
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 0, 20);
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 10, 20);
+SELECT lo_put(:newloid_1, 5, decode('afafafaf', 'hex'));
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 0, 20);
+
+SELECT lo_put(:newloid_1, 4294967310, 'foo');
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1);
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid_1, 4294967294, 100);
+
+\lo_unlink :newloid_1
+\lo_unlink :newloid_2
+
+-- This object is left in the database for pg_dump test purposes
+SELECT lo_from_bytea(0, E'\\xdeadbeef') AS newloid
+\gset
+
+SET bytea_output TO hex;
+SELECT lo_get(:newloid);
+
+-- Create one more object that we leave behind for testing pg_dump/pg_upgrade;
+-- this one intentionally has an OID in the system range
+SELECT lo_create(2121);
+
+COMMENT ON LARGE OBJECT 2121 IS 'testing comments';
+
+-- Clean up
+DROP TABLE lotest_stash_values;
+
+DROP ROLE regress_lo_user;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/limit.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/limit.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f0cda9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/limit.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+--
+-- LIMIT
+-- Check the LIMIT/OFFSET feature of SELECT
+--
+
+SELECT ''::text AS two, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 > 50
+		ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 2;
+SELECT ''::text AS five, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 > 60
+		ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 5;
+SELECT ''::text AS two, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 > 60 AND unique1 < 63
+		ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 5;
+SELECT ''::text AS three, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 > 100
+		ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 3 OFFSET 20;
+SELECT ''::text AS zero, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 < 50
+		ORDER BY unique1 DESC LIMIT 8 OFFSET 99;
+SELECT ''::text AS eleven, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 < 50
+		ORDER BY unique1 DESC LIMIT 20 OFFSET 39;
+SELECT ''::text AS ten, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek
+		ORDER BY unique1 OFFSET 990;
+SELECT ''::text AS five, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek
+		ORDER BY unique1 OFFSET 990 LIMIT 5;
+SELECT ''::text AS five, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek
+		ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 5 OFFSET 900;
+
+-- Test null limit and offset.  The planner would discard a simple null
+-- constant, so to ensure executor is exercised, do this:
+select * from int8_tbl limit (case when random() < 0.5 then null::bigint end);
+select * from int8_tbl offset (case when random() < 0.5 then null::bigint end);
+
+-- Test assorted cases involving backwards fetch from a LIMIT plan node
+begin;
+
+declare c1 cursor for select * from int8_tbl limit 10;
+fetch all in c1;
+fetch 1 in c1;
+fetch backward 1 in c1;
+fetch backward all in c1;
+fetch backward 1 in c1;
+fetch all in c1;
+
+declare c2 cursor for select * from int8_tbl limit 3;
+fetch all in c2;
+fetch 1 in c2;
+fetch backward 1 in c2;
+fetch backward all in c2;
+fetch backward 1 in c2;
+fetch all in c2;
+
+declare c3 cursor for select * from int8_tbl offset 3;
+fetch all in c3;
+fetch 1 in c3;
+fetch backward 1 in c3;
+fetch backward all in c3;
+fetch backward 1 in c3;
+fetch all in c3;
+
+declare c4 cursor for select * from int8_tbl offset 10;
+fetch all in c4;
+fetch 1 in c4;
+fetch backward 1 in c4;
+fetch backward all in c4;
+fetch backward 1 in c4;
+fetch all in c4;
+
+declare c5 cursor for select * from int8_tbl order by q1 fetch first 2 rows with ties;
+fetch all in c5;
+fetch 1 in c5;
+fetch backward 1 in c5;
+fetch backward 1 in c5;
+fetch all in c5;
+fetch backward all in c5;
+fetch all in c5;
+fetch backward all in c5;
+
+rollback;
+
+-- Stress test for variable LIMIT in conjunction with bounded-heap sorting
+
+SELECT
+  (SELECT n
+     FROM (VALUES (1)) AS x,
+          (SELECT n FROM generate_series(1,10) AS n
+             ORDER BY n LIMIT 1 OFFSET s-1) AS y) AS z
+  FROM generate_series(1,10) AS s;
+
+--
+-- Test behavior of volatile and set-returning functions in conjunction
+-- with ORDER BY and LIMIT.
+--
+
+create temp sequence testseq;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select unique1, unique2, nextval('testseq')
+  from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 10;
+
+select unique1, unique2, nextval('testseq')
+  from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 10;
+
+select currval('testseq');
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select unique1, unique2, nextval('testseq')
+  from tenk1 order by tenthous limit 10;
+
+select unique1, unique2, nextval('testseq')
+  from tenk1 order by tenthous limit 10;
+
+select currval('testseq');
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select unique1, unique2, generate_series(1,10)
+  from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 7;
+
+select unique1, unique2, generate_series(1,10)
+  from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 7;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select unique1, unique2, generate_series(1,10)
+  from tenk1 order by tenthous limit 7;
+
+select unique1, unique2, generate_series(1,10)
+  from tenk1 order by tenthous limit 7;
+
+-- use of random() is to keep planner from folding the expressions together
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select generate_series(0,2) as s1, generate_series((random()*.1)::int,2) as s2;
+
+select generate_series(0,2) as s1, generate_series((random()*.1)::int,2) as s2;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select generate_series(0,2) as s1, generate_series((random()*.1)::int,2) as s2
+order by s2 desc;
+
+select generate_series(0,2) as s1, generate_series((random()*.1)::int,2) as s2
+order by s2 desc;
+
+-- test for failure to set all aggregates' aggtranstype
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select sum(tenthous) as s1, sum(tenthous) + random()*0 as s2
+  from tenk1 group by thousand order by thousand limit 3;
+
+select sum(tenthous) as s1, sum(tenthous) + random()*0 as s2
+  from tenk1 group by thousand order by thousand limit 3;
+
+--
+-- FETCH FIRST
+-- Check the WITH TIES clause
+--
+
+SELECT  thousand
+		FROM onek WHERE thousand < 5
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST 2 ROW WITH TIES;
+
+SELECT  thousand
+		FROM onek WHERE thousand < 5
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST ROWS WITH TIES;
+
+SELECT  thousand
+		FROM onek WHERE thousand < 5
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST 1 ROW WITH TIES;
+
+SELECT  thousand
+		FROM onek WHERE thousand < 5
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST 2 ROW ONLY;
+
+-- SKIP LOCKED and WITH TIES are incompatible
+SELECT  thousand
+		FROM onek WHERE thousand < 5
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST 1 ROW WITH TIES FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED;
+
+-- should fail
+SELECT ''::text AS two, unique1, unique2, stringu1
+		FROM onek WHERE unique1 > 50
+		FETCH FIRST 2 ROW WITH TIES;
+
+-- test ruleutils
+CREATE VIEW limit_thousand_v_1 AS SELECT thousand FROM onek WHERE thousand < 995
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS WITH TIES OFFSET 10;
+\d+ limit_thousand_v_1
+CREATE VIEW limit_thousand_v_2 AS SELECT thousand FROM onek WHERE thousand < 995
+		ORDER BY thousand OFFSET 10 FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;
+\d+ limit_thousand_v_2
+CREATE VIEW limit_thousand_v_3 AS SELECT thousand FROM onek WHERE thousand < 995
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST NULL ROWS WITH TIES;		-- fails
+CREATE VIEW limit_thousand_v_3 AS SELECT thousand FROM onek WHERE thousand < 995
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST (NULL+1) ROWS WITH TIES;
+\d+ limit_thousand_v_3
+CREATE VIEW limit_thousand_v_4 AS SELECT thousand FROM onek WHERE thousand < 995
+		ORDER BY thousand FETCH FIRST NULL ROWS ONLY;
+\d+ limit_thousand_v_4
+-- leave these views
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/line.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/line.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f589ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/line.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+--
+-- LINE
+-- Infinite lines
+--
+
+--DROP TABLE LINE_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE LINE_TBL (s line);
+
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,-1,5}');	-- A == 0
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{1,0,5}');	-- B == 0
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,3,0}');	-- A == C == 0
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES (' (0,0), (6,6)');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('10,-10 ,-5,-4');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[-1e6,2e2,3e5, -4e1]');
+
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{3,NaN,5}');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{NaN,NaN,NaN}');
+
+-- horizontal
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[(1,3),(2,3)]');
+-- vertical
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES (line(point '(3,1)', point '(3,2)'));
+
+-- bad values for parser testing
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{}');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0}');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0,1');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0,1}');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('{0,0,1} x');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('(3asdf,2 ,3,4r2)');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[1,2,3, 4');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[(,2),(3,4)]');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)');
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(1,2)]');
+
+INSERT INTO LINE_TBL VALUES (line(point '(1,0)', point '(1,0)'));
+
+select * from LINE_TBL;
+
+select '{nan, 1, nan}'::line = '{nan, 1, nan}'::line as true,
+	   '{nan, 1, nan}'::line = '{nan, 2, nan}'::line as false;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/lock.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/lock.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b88488c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/lock.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+--
+-- Test the LOCK statement
+--
+
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+-- Setup
+CREATE SCHEMA lock_schema1;
+SET search_path = lock_schema1;
+CREATE TABLE lock_tbl1 (a BIGINT);
+CREATE TABLE lock_tbl1a (a BIGINT);
+CREATE VIEW lock_view1 AS SELECT * FROM lock_tbl1;
+CREATE VIEW lock_view2(a,b) AS SELECT * FROM lock_tbl1, lock_tbl1a;
+CREATE VIEW lock_view3 AS SELECT * from lock_view2;
+CREATE VIEW lock_view4 AS SELECT (select a from lock_tbl1a limit 1) from lock_tbl1;
+CREATE VIEW lock_view5 AS SELECT * from lock_tbl1 where a in (select * from lock_tbl1a);
+CREATE VIEW lock_view6 AS SELECT * from (select * from lock_tbl1) sub;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+ALTER ROLE regress_rol_lock1 SET search_path = lock_schema1;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA lock_schema1 TO regress_rol_lock1;
+
+-- Try all valid lock options; also try omitting the optional TABLE keyword.
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ACCESS SHARE MODE;
+LOCK lock_tbl1 IN ROW SHARE MODE;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN SHARE MODE;
+LOCK lock_tbl1 IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Try using NOWAIT along with valid options.
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ACCESS SHARE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ROW SHARE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN SHARE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Verify that we can lock views.
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view1 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view1 and lock_tbl1 are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view2 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view1, lock_tbl1, and lock_tbl1a are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view3 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view3, lock_view2, lock_tbl1, and lock_tbl1a are locked recursively.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view4 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view4, lock_tbl1, and lock_tbl1a are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view5 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view5, lock_tbl1, and lock_tbl1a are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view6 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view6 an lock_tbl1 are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- Verify that we cope with infinite recursion in view definitions.
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW lock_view2 AS SELECT * from lock_view3;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view2 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+ROLLBACK;
+CREATE VIEW lock_view7 AS SELECT * from lock_view2;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view7 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Verify that we can lock a table with inheritance children.
+CREATE TABLE lock_tbl2 (b BIGINT) INHERITS (lock_tbl1);
+CREATE TABLE lock_tbl3 () INHERITS (lock_tbl2);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 * IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Child tables are locked without granting explicit permission to do so as
+-- long as we have permission to lock the parent.
+GRANT UPDATE ON TABLE lock_tbl1 TO regress_rol_lock1;
+SET ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+-- fail when child locked directly
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl2;
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_tbl1 * IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE ONLY lock_tbl1;
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE UPDATE ON TABLE lock_tbl1 FROM regress_rol_lock1;
+
+-- Tables referred to by views are locked without explicit permission to do so
+-- as long as we have permission to lock the view itself.
+SET ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+-- fail without permissions on the view
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view1;
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT UPDATE ON TABLE lock_view1 TO regress_rol_lock1;
+SET ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view1 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view1 and lock_tbl1 (plus children lock_tbl2 and lock_tbl3) are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'AccessExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE UPDATE ON TABLE lock_view1 FROM regress_rol_lock1;
+
+-- Tables referred to by security invoker views require explicit permission to
+-- be locked.
+CREATE VIEW lock_view8 WITH (security_invoker) AS SELECT * FROM lock_tbl1;
+SET ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+-- fail without permissions on the view
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view8;
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT UPDATE ON TABLE lock_view8 TO regress_rol_lock1;
+SET ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+-- fail without permissions on the table referenced by the view
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view8;
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+GRANT UPDATE ON TABLE lock_tbl1 TO regress_rol_lock1;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_view8 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+-- lock_view8 and lock_tbl1 (plus children lock_tbl2 and lock_tbl3) are locked.
+select relname from pg_locks l, pg_class c
+ where l.relation = c.oid and relname like '%lock_%' and mode = 'AccessExclusiveLock'
+ order by relname;
+ROLLBACK;
+RESET ROLE;
+REVOKE UPDATE ON TABLE lock_view8 FROM regress_rol_lock1;
+
+--
+-- Clean up
+--
+DROP VIEW lock_view8;
+DROP VIEW lock_view7;
+DROP VIEW lock_view6;
+DROP VIEW lock_view5;
+DROP VIEW lock_view4;
+DROP VIEW lock_view3 CASCADE;
+DROP VIEW lock_view1;
+DROP TABLE lock_tbl3;
+DROP TABLE lock_tbl2;
+DROP TABLE lock_tbl1;
+DROP TABLE lock_tbl1a;
+DROP SCHEMA lock_schema1 CASCADE;
+DROP ROLE regress_rol_lock1;
+
+
+-- atomic ops tests
+RESET search_path;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test_atomic_ops()
+    RETURNS bool
+    AS :'regresslib'
+    LANGUAGE C;
+
+SELECT test_atomic_ops();
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/lseg.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/lseg.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f266ca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/lseg.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+--
+-- LSEG
+-- Line segments
+--
+
+--DROP TABLE LSEG_TBL;
+CREATE TABLE LSEG_TBL (s lseg);
+
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)]');
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('(0,0),(6,6)');
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('10,-10 ,-3,-4');
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[-1e6,2e2,3e5, -4e1]');
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES (lseg(point(11, 22), point(33,44)));
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(-10,2),(-10,3)]');	-- vertical
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(0,-20),(30,-20)]');	-- horizontal
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(NaN,1),(NaN,90)]');	-- NaN
+
+-- bad values for parser testing
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('(3asdf,2 ,3,4r2)');
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[1,2,3, 4');
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(,2),(3,4)]');
+INSERT INTO LSEG_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)');
+
+select * from LSEG_TBL;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/macaddr.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/macaddr.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bad8f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/macaddr.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+--
+-- macaddr
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE macaddr_data (a int, b macaddr);
+
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (1, '08:00:2b:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (2, '08-00-2b-01-02-03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (3, '08002b:010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (4, '08002b-010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (5, '0800.2b01.0203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (6, '0800-2b01-0203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (7, '08002b010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (8, '0800:2b01:0203'); -- invalid
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (9, 'not even close'); -- invalid
+
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (10, '08:00:2b:01:02:04');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (11, '08:00:2b:01:02:02');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (12, '08:00:2a:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (13, '08:00:2c:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr_data VALUES (14, '08:00:2a:01:02:04');
+
+SELECT * FROM macaddr_data;
+
+CREATE INDEX macaddr_data_btree ON macaddr_data USING btree (b);
+CREATE INDEX macaddr_data_hash ON macaddr_data USING hash (b);
+
+SELECT a, b, trunc(b) FROM macaddr_data ORDER BY 2, 1;
+
+SELECT b <  '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:01:02:03' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+SELECT b <= '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+SELECT b >= '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+SELECT b =  '08:00:2b:01:02:03' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+SELECT b <> '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+SELECT b <> '08:00:2b:01:02:03' FROM macaddr_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+
+SELECT ~b                       FROM macaddr_data;
+SELECT  b & '00:00:00:ff:ff:ff' FROM macaddr_data;
+SELECT  b | '01:02:03:04:05:06' FROM macaddr_data;
+
+DROP TABLE macaddr_data;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/macaddr8.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/macaddr8.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57a227c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/macaddr8.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+--
+-- macaddr8
+--
+
+-- test various cases of valid and invalid input
+-- valid
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03     '::macaddr8;
+SELECT '    08:00:2b:01:02:03     '::macaddr8;
+SELECT '    08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr8;
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05     '::macaddr8;
+SELECT '    08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05     '::macaddr8;
+SELECT '    08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05'::macaddr8;
+
+SELECT '123    08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03  123'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '123    08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05  123'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05:06:07'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '08-00-2b-01-02-03-04-05-06-07'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '08002b:01020304050607'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '08002b01020304050607'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '0z002b0102030405'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '08002b010203xyza'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+
+SELECT '08:00-2b:01:02:03:04:05'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '08:00-2b:01:02:03:04:05'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01.02:03:04:05'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+SELECT '08:00:2b:01.02:03:04:05'::macaddr8; -- invalid
+
+-- test converting a MAC address to modified EUI-64 for inclusion
+-- in an ipv6 address
+SELECT macaddr8_set7bit('00:08:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr8);
+
+CREATE TABLE macaddr8_data (a int, b macaddr8);
+
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (1, '08:00:2b:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (2, '08-00-2b-01-02-03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (3, '08002b:010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (4, '08002b-010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (5, '0800.2b01.0203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (6, '0800-2b01-0203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (7, '08002b010203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (8, '0800:2b01:0203');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (9, 'not even close'); -- invalid
+
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (10, '08:00:2b:01:02:04');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (11, '08:00:2b:01:02:02');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (12, '08:00:2a:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (13, '08:00:2c:01:02:03');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (14, '08:00:2a:01:02:04');
+
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (15, '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (16, '08-00-2b-01-02-03-04-05');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (17, '08002b:0102030405');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (18, '08002b-0102030405');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (19, '0800.2b01.0203.0405');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (20, '08002b01:02030405');
+INSERT INTO macaddr8_data VALUES (21, '08002b0102030405');
+
+SELECT * FROM macaddr8_data ORDER BY 1;
+
+CREATE INDEX macaddr8_data_btree ON macaddr8_data USING btree (b);
+CREATE INDEX macaddr8_data_hash ON macaddr8_data USING hash (b);
+
+SELECT a, b, trunc(b) FROM macaddr8_data ORDER BY 2, 1;
+
+SELECT b <  '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:04' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+SELECT b::macaddr <= '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+SELECT b::macaddr >= '08:00:2b:01:02:04' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+SELECT b =  '08:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+SELECT b::macaddr <> '08:00:2b:01:02:04'::macaddr FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- true
+SELECT b::macaddr <> '08:00:2b:01:02:03'::macaddr FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 1; -- false
+
+SELECT b <  '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:06' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- true
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:06' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- false
+SELECT b >  '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- false
+SELECT b <= '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:06' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- true
+SELECT b >= '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:06' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- false
+SELECT b =  '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- true
+SELECT b <> '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:06' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- true
+SELECT b <> '08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05' FROM macaddr8_data WHERE a = 15; -- false
+
+SELECT ~b                       FROM macaddr8_data;
+SELECT  b & '00:00:00:ff:ff:ff' FROM macaddr8_data;
+SELECT  b | '01:02:03:04:05:06' FROM macaddr8_data;
+
+DROP TABLE macaddr8_data;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/matview.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/matview.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68b9ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/matview.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+-- create a table to use as a basis for views and materialized views in various combinations
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_t (id int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, type text NOT NULL, amt numeric NOT NULL);
+INSERT INTO mvtest_t VALUES
+  (1, 'x', 2),
+  (2, 'x', 3),
+  (3, 'y', 5),
+  (4, 'y', 7),
+  (5, 'z', 11);
+
+-- we want a view based on the table, too, since views present additional challenges
+CREATE VIEW mvtest_tv AS SELECT type, sum(amt) AS totamt FROM mvtest_t GROUP BY type;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tv ORDER BY type;
+
+-- create a materialized view with no data, and confirm correct behavior
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tm AS SELECT type, sum(amt) AS totamt FROM mvtest_t GROUP BY type WITH NO DATA;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tm AS SELECT type, sum(amt) AS totamt FROM mvtest_t GROUP BY type WITH NO DATA;
+SELECT relispopulated FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'mvtest_tm'::regclass;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tm ORDER BY type;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tm;
+SELECT relispopulated FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'mvtest_tm'::regclass;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX mvtest_tm_type ON mvtest_tm (type);
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tm ORDER BY type;
+
+-- create various views
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvm AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tv ORDER BY type;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvm AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tv ORDER BY type;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvm;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tmm AS SELECT sum(totamt) AS grandtot FROM mvtest_tm;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvmm AS SELECT sum(totamt) AS grandtot FROM mvtest_tvm;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX mvtest_tvmm_expr ON mvtest_tvmm ((grandtot > 0));
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX mvtest_tvmm_pred ON mvtest_tvmm (grandtot) WHERE grandtot < 0;
+CREATE VIEW mvtest_tvv AS SELECT sum(totamt) AS grandtot FROM mvtest_tv;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvvm AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvv;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvvm AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvv;
+CREATE VIEW mvtest_tvvmv AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_bb AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvmv;
+CREATE INDEX mvtest_aa ON mvtest_bb (grandtot);
+
+-- check that plans seem reasonable
+\d+ mvtest_tvm
+\d+ mvtest_tvm
+\d+ mvtest_tvvm
+\d+ mvtest_bb
+
+-- test schema behavior
+CREATE SCHEMA mvtest_mvschema;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvm SET SCHEMA mvtest_mvschema;
+\d+ mvtest_tvm
+\d+ mvtest_tvmm
+SET search_path = mvtest_mvschema, public;
+\d+ mvtest_tvm
+
+-- modify the underlying table data
+INSERT INTO mvtest_t VALUES (6, 'z', 13);
+
+-- confirm pre- and post-refresh contents of fairly simple materialized views
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tm ORDER BY type;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvm ORDER BY type;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_tm;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvm;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tm ORDER BY type;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvm ORDER BY type;
+RESET search_path;
+
+-- confirm pre- and post-refresh contents of nested materialized views
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tmm;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvmm;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tmm;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvmm;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tmm;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_tvmm;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvmm;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_tvvm;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tmm;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvmm;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tmm;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvmm;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm;
+
+-- test diemv when the mv does not exist
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW IF EXISTS no_such_mv;
+
+-- make sure invalid combination of options is prohibited
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_tvmm WITH NO DATA;
+
+-- no tuple locks on materialized views
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_tvvm FOR SHARE;
+
+-- test join of mv and view
+SELECT type, m.totamt AS mtot, v.totamt AS vtot FROM mvtest_tm m LEFT JOIN mvtest_tv v USING (type) ORDER BY type;
+
+-- make sure that dependencies are reported properly when they block the drop
+DROP TABLE mvtest_t;
+
+-- make sure dependencies are dropped and reported
+-- and make sure that transactional behavior is correct on rollback
+-- incidentally leaving some interesting materialized views for pg_dump testing
+BEGIN;
+DROP TABLE mvtest_t CASCADE;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- some additional tests not using base tables
+CREATE VIEW mvtest_vt1 AS SELECT 1 moo;
+CREATE VIEW mvtest_vt2 AS SELECT moo, 2*moo FROM mvtest_vt1 UNION ALL SELECT moo, 3*moo FROM mvtest_vt1;
+\d+ mvtest_vt2
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_test2 AS SELECT moo, 2*moo FROM mvtest_vt2 UNION ALL SELECT moo, 3*moo FROM mvtest_vt2;
+\d+ mv_test2
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_test3 AS SELECT * FROM mv_test2 WHERE moo = 12345;
+SELECT relispopulated FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'mv_test3'::regclass;
+
+DROP VIEW mvtest_vt1 CASCADE;
+
+-- test that duplicate values on unique index prevent refresh
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_foo(a, b) AS VALUES(1, 10);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mvtest_mv(a);
+INSERT INTO mvtest_foo SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_mv;
+DROP TABLE mvtest_foo CASCADE;
+
+-- make sure that all columns covered by unique indexes works
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_foo(a, b, c) AS VALUES(1, 2, 3);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mvtest_mv (a);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mvtest_mv (b);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX on mvtest_mv (c);
+INSERT INTO mvtest_foo VALUES(2, 3, 4);
+INSERT INTO mvtest_foo VALUES(3, 4, 5);
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_mv;
+DROP TABLE mvtest_foo CASCADE;
+
+-- allow subquery to reference unpopulated matview if WITH NO DATA is specified
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv1 AS SELECT 1 AS col1 WITH NO DATA;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv2 AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv1
+  WHERE col1 = (SELECT LEAST(col1) FROM mvtest_mv1) WITH NO DATA;
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv1 CASCADE;
+
+-- make sure that types with unusual equality tests work
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_boxes (id serial primary key, b box);
+INSERT INTO mvtest_boxes (b) VALUES
+  ('(32,32),(31,31)'),
+  ('(2.0000004,2.0000004),(1,1)'),
+  ('(1.9999996,1.9999996),(1,1)');
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_boxmv AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_boxes;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX mvtest_boxmv_id ON mvtest_boxmv (id);
+UPDATE mvtest_boxes SET b = '(2,2),(1,1)' WHERE id = 2;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_boxmv;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_boxmv ORDER BY id;
+DROP TABLE mvtest_boxes CASCADE;
+
+-- make sure that column names are handled correctly
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_v (i int, j int);
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v (ii, jj, kk) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v; -- error
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v (ii, jj) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v; -- ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_2 (ii) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v; -- ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_3 (ii, jj, kk) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v WITH NO DATA; -- error
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_3 (ii, jj) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_4 (ii) AS SELECT i, j FROM mvtest_v WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+ALTER TABLE mvtest_v RENAME COLUMN i TO x;
+INSERT INTO mvtest_v values (1, 2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX mvtest_mv_v_ii ON mvtest_mv_v (ii);
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v;
+UPDATE mvtest_v SET j = 3 WHERE x = 1;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_mv_v;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_2;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_3;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v_4;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_v;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v_2;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v_3;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v_4;
+DROP TABLE mvtest_v CASCADE;
+
+-- Check that unknown literals are converted to "text" in CREATE MATVIEW,
+-- so that we don't end up with unknown-type columns.
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_unspecified_types AS
+  SELECT 42 as i, 42.5 as num, 'foo' as u, 'foo'::unknown as u2, null as n;
+\d+ mv_unspecified_types
+SELECT * FROM mv_unspecified_types;
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_unspecified_types;
+
+-- make sure that create WITH NO DATA does not plan the query (bug #13907)
+create materialized view mvtest_error as select 1/0 as x;  -- fail
+create materialized view mvtest_error as select 1/0 as x with no data;
+refresh materialized view mvtest_error;  -- fail here
+drop materialized view mvtest_error;
+
+-- make sure that matview rows can be referenced as source rows (bug #9398)
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_v AS SELECT generate_series(1,10) AS a;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_v AS SELECT a FROM mvtest_v WHERE a <= 5;
+DELETE FROM mvtest_v WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v WHERE mvtest_mv_v.a = mvtest_v.a );
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_v;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest_mv_v;
+DROP TABLE mvtest_v CASCADE;
+
+-- make sure running as superuser works when MV owned by another role (bug #11208)
+CREATE ROLE regress_user_mvtest;
+SET ROLE regress_user_mvtest;
+-- this test case also checks for ambiguity in the queries issued by
+-- refresh_by_match_merge(), by choosing column names that intentionally
+-- duplicate all the aliases used in those queries
+CREATE TABLE mvtest_foo_data AS SELECT i,
+  i+1 AS tid,
+  md5(random()::text) AS mv,
+  md5(random()::text) AS newdata,
+  md5(random()::text) AS newdata2,
+  md5(random()::text) AS diff
+  FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_foo AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo_data;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_foo AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo_data;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS mvtest_mv_foo AS SELECT * FROM mvtest_foo_data;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mvtest_mv_foo (i);
+RESET ROLE;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest_mv_foo;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY mvtest_mv_foo;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_user_mvtest CASCADE;
+DROP ROLE regress_user_mvtest;
+
+-- make sure that create WITH NO DATA works via SPI
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION mvtest_func()
+  RETURNS void AS $$
+BEGIN
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest1 AS SELECT 1 AS x;
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mvtest2 AS SELECT 1 AS x WITH NO DATA;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT mvtest_func();
+SELECT * FROM mvtest1;
+SELECT * FROM mvtest2;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- INSERT privileges if relation owner is not allowed to insert.
+CREATE SCHEMA matview_schema;
+CREATE USER regress_matview_user;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_matview_user
+  REVOKE INSERT ON TABLES FROM regress_matview_user;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA matview_schema TO public;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_matview_user;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_withdata1 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1, 10) WITH DATA;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_withdata2 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1, 10) WITH DATA;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_withdata2;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_nodata1 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1, 10) WITH NO DATA;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_nodata2 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1, 10) WITH NO DATA;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_schema.mv_nodata2;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_matview_user
+  GRANT INSERT ON TABLES TO regress_matview_user;
+
+DROP SCHEMA matview_schema CASCADE;
+DROP USER regress_matview_user;
+
+-- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ... IF NOT EXISTS
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab AS SELECT 1 / 0; -- error
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS matview_ine_tab AS
+  SELECT 1 / 0; -- ok
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab AS
+  SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- error
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS matview_ine_tab AS
+  SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab AS
+    SELECT 1 / 0; -- error
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS matview_ine_tab AS
+    SELECT 1 / 0; -- ok
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab AS
+    SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- error
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS matview_ine_tab AS
+    SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW matview_ine_tab;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/memoize.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/memoize.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d66acae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/memoize.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+-- Perform tests on the Memoize node.
+
+-- The cache hits/misses/evictions from the Memoize node can vary between
+-- machines.  Let's just replace the number with an 'N'.  In order to allow us
+-- to perform validation when the measure was zero, we replace a zero value
+-- with "Zero".  All other numbers are replaced with 'N'.
+create function explain_memoize(query text, hide_hitmiss bool) returns setof text
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+    ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in
+        execute format('explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) %s',
+            query)
+    loop
+        if hide_hitmiss = true then
+                ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Hits: 0', 'Hits: Zero');
+                ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Hits: \d+', 'Hits: N');
+                ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Misses: 0', 'Misses: Zero');
+                ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Misses: \d+', 'Misses: N');
+        end if;
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Evictions: 0', 'Evictions: Zero');
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Evictions: \d+', 'Evictions: N');
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Memory Usage: \d+', 'Memory Usage: N');
+	ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Heap Fetches: \d+', 'Heap Fetches: N');
+	ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'loops=\d+', 'loops=N');
+        return next ln;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- Ensure we get a memoize node on the inner side of the nested loop
+SET enable_hashjoin TO off;
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t1.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1
+INNER JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.unique1 = t2.twenty
+WHERE t2.unique1 < 1000;', false);
+
+-- And check we get the expected results.
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t1.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1
+INNER JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.unique1 = t2.twenty
+WHERE t2.unique1 < 1000;
+
+-- Try with LATERAL joins
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t2.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1,
+LATERAL (SELECT t2.unique1 FROM tenk1 t2
+         WHERE t1.twenty = t2.unique1 OFFSET 0) t2
+WHERE t1.unique1 < 1000;', false);
+
+-- And check we get the expected results.
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t2.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1,
+LATERAL (SELECT t2.unique1 FROM tenk1 t2
+         WHERE t1.twenty = t2.unique1 OFFSET 0) t2
+WHERE t1.unique1 < 1000;
+
+-- Reduce work_mem and hash_mem_multiplier so that we see some cache evictions
+SET work_mem TO '64kB';
+SET hash_mem_multiplier TO 1.0;
+SET enable_mergejoin TO off;
+-- Ensure we get some evictions.  We're unable to validate the hits and misses
+-- here as the number of entries that fit in the cache at once will vary
+-- between different machines.
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t1.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1
+INNER JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.unique1 = t2.thousand
+WHERE t2.unique1 < 1200;', true);
+
+CREATE TABLE flt (f float);
+CREATE INDEX flt_f_idx ON flt (f);
+INSERT INTO flt VALUES('-0.0'::float),('+0.0'::float);
+ANALYZE flt;
+
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+
+-- Ensure memoize operates in logical mode
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT * FROM flt f1 INNER JOIN flt f2 ON f1.f = f2.f;', false);
+
+-- Ensure memoize operates in binary mode
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT * FROM flt f1 INNER JOIN flt f2 ON f1.f >= f2.f;', false);
+
+DROP TABLE flt;
+
+-- Exercise Memoize in binary mode with a large fixed width type and a
+-- varlena type.
+CREATE TABLE strtest (n name, t text);
+CREATE INDEX strtest_n_idx ON strtest (n);
+CREATE INDEX strtest_t_idx ON strtest (t);
+INSERT INTO strtest VALUES('one','one'),('two','two'),('three',repeat(md5('three'),100));
+-- duplicate rows so we get some cache hits
+INSERT INTO strtest SELECT * FROM strtest;
+ANALYZE strtest;
+
+-- Ensure we get 3 hits and 3 misses
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT * FROM strtest s1 INNER JOIN strtest s2 ON s1.n >= s2.n;', false);
+
+-- Ensure we get 3 hits and 3 misses
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT * FROM strtest s1 INNER JOIN strtest s2 ON s1.t >= s2.t;', false);
+
+DROP TABLE strtest;
+
+-- Ensure memoize works with partitionwise join
+SET enable_partitionwise_join TO on;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE prt_p1 PARTITION OF prt FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE prt_p2 PARTITION OF prt FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+INSERT INTO prt VALUES (0), (0), (0), (0);
+INSERT INTO prt VALUES (10), (10), (10), (10);
+CREATE INDEX iprt_p1_a ON prt_p1 (a);
+CREATE INDEX iprt_p2_a ON prt_p2 (a);
+ANALYZE prt;
+
+SELECT explain_memoize('
+SELECT * FROM prt t1 INNER JOIN prt t2 ON t1.a = t2.a;', false);
+
+DROP TABLE prt;
+
+RESET enable_partitionwise_join;
+
+-- Exercise Memoize code that flushes the cache when a parameter changes which
+-- is not part of the cache key.
+
+-- Ensure we get a Memoize plan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 t0
+WHERE unique1 < 3
+  AND EXISTS (
+	SELECT 1 FROM tenk1 t1
+	INNER JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.unique1 = t2.hundred
+	WHERE t0.ten = t1.twenty AND t0.two <> t2.four OFFSET 0);
+
+-- Ensure the above query returns the correct result
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 t0
+WHERE unique1 < 3
+  AND EXISTS (
+	SELECT 1 FROM tenk1 t1
+	INNER JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.unique1 = t2.hundred
+	WHERE t0.ten = t1.twenty AND t0.two <> t2.four OFFSET 0);
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_mergejoin;
+RESET work_mem;
+RESET hash_mem_multiplier;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+
+-- Test parallel plans with Memoize
+SET min_parallel_table_scan_size TO 0;
+SET parallel_setup_cost TO 0;
+SET parallel_tuple_cost TO 0;
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather TO 2;
+
+-- Ensure we get a parallel plan.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t2.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1,
+LATERAL (SELECT t2.unique1 FROM tenk1 t2 WHERE t1.twenty = t2.unique1) t2
+WHERE t1.unique1 < 1000;
+
+-- And ensure the parallel plan gives us the correct results.
+SELECT COUNT(*),AVG(t2.unique1) FROM tenk1 t1,
+LATERAL (SELECT t2.unique1 FROM tenk1 t2 WHERE t1.twenty = t2.unique1) t2
+WHERE t1.unique1 < 1000;
+
+RESET max_parallel_workers_per_gather;
+RESET parallel_tuple_cost;
+RESET parallel_setup_cost;
+RESET min_parallel_table_scan_size;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/merge.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/merge.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cf6db9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/merge.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1409 @@
+--
+-- MERGE
+--
+
+CREATE USER regress_merge_privs;
+CREATE USER regress_merge_no_privs;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS target;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS source;
+CREATE TABLE target (tid integer, balance integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE source (sid integer, delta integer) -- no index
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 10);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (2, 20);
+INSERT INTO target VALUES (3, 30);
+SELECT t.ctid is not null as matched, t.*, s.* FROM source s FULL OUTER JOIN target t ON s.sid = t.tid ORDER BY t.tid, s.sid;
+
+ALTER TABLE target OWNER TO regress_merge_privs;
+ALTER TABLE source OWNER TO regress_merge_privs;
+
+CREATE TABLE target2 (tid integer, balance integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE source2 (sid integer, delta integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+
+ALTER TABLE target2 OWNER TO regress_merge_no_privs;
+ALTER TABLE source2 OWNER TO regress_merge_no_privs;
+
+GRANT INSERT ON target TO regress_merge_no_privs;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_merge_privs;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+
+--
+-- Errors
+--
+MERGE INTO target t RANDOMWORD
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+-- MATCHED/INSERT error
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+-- incorrectly specifying INTO target
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT INTO target DEFAULT VALUES;
+-- Multiple VALUES clause
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (1,1), (2,2);
+-- SELECT query for INSERT
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT SELECT (1, 1);
+-- NOT MATCHED/UPDATE
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+-- UPDATE tablename
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE target SET balance = 0;
+-- source and target names the same
+MERGE INTO target
+USING target
+ON tid = tid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN DO NOTHING;
+-- used in a CTE
+WITH foo AS (
+  MERGE INTO target USING source ON (true)
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+-- used in COPY
+COPY (
+  MERGE INTO target USING source ON (true)
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
+) TO stdout;
+
+-- unsupported relation types
+-- view
+CREATE VIEW tv AS SELECT * FROM target;
+MERGE INTO tv t
+USING source s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+DROP VIEW tv;
+
+-- materialized view
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS SELECT * FROM target;
+MERGE INTO mv t
+USING source s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW mv;
+
+-- permissions
+
+MERGE INTO target
+USING source2
+ON target.tid = source2.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+
+GRANT INSERT ON target TO regress_merge_no_privs;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_merge_no_privs;
+
+MERGE INTO target
+USING source2
+ON target.tid = source2.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+
+GRANT UPDATE ON target2 TO regress_merge_privs;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_merge_privs;
+
+MERGE INTO target2
+USING source
+ON target2.tid = source.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+
+MERGE INTO target2
+USING source
+ON target2.tid = source.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+
+-- check if the target can be accessed from source relation subquery; we should
+-- not be able to do so
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT * FROM source WHERE t.tid > sid) s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+
+--
+-- initial tests
+--
+-- zero rows in source has no effect
+MERGE INTO target
+USING source
+ON target.tid = source.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- insert some non-matching source rows to work from
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (4, 40);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY sid;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	DO NOTHING;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- index plans
+INSERT INTO target SELECT generate_series(1000,2500), 0;
+ALTER TABLE target ADD PRIMARY KEY (tid);
+ANALYZE target;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (4, NULL);
+DELETE FROM target WHERE tid > 100;
+ANALYZE target;
+
+-- insert some matching source rows to work from
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (2, 5);
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (3, 20);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY sid;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+
+-- equivalent of an UPDATE join
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- equivalent of a DELETE join
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DO NOTHING;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (4, NULL);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- duplicate source row causes multiple target row update ERROR
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (2, 5);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY sid;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- remove duplicate MATCHED data from source data
+DELETE FROM source WHERE sid = 2;
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (2, 5);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY sid;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+
+-- duplicate source row on INSERT should fail because of target_pkey
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (4, 40);
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+  INSERT VALUES (4, NULL);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- remove duplicate NOT MATCHED data from source data
+DELETE FROM source WHERE sid = 4;
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (4, 40);
+SELECT * FROM source ORDER BY sid;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+
+-- remove constraints
+alter table target drop CONSTRAINT target_pkey;
+alter table target alter column tid drop not null;
+
+-- multiple actions
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (4, 4)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- should be equivalent
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = 0
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (4, 4);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- column references
+-- do a simple equivalent of an UPDATE join
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.delta;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- do a simple equivalent of an INSERT SELECT
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- and again with duplicate source rows
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (5, 50);
+INSERT INTO source VALUES (5, 50);
+
+-- do a simple equivalent of an INSERT SELECT
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+  INSERT VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- removing duplicate source rows
+DELETE FROM source WHERE sid = 5;
+
+-- and again with explicitly identified column list
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- and again with a subtle error: referring to non-existent target row for NOT MATCHED
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (t.tid, s.delta);
+
+-- and again with a constant ON clause
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON (SELECT true)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (t.tid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- now the classic UPSERT
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.delta
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- unreachable WHEN clause should ERROR
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN /* Terminal WHEN clause for MATCHED */
+	DELETE
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance - s.delta;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- conditional WHEN clause
+CREATE TABLE wq_target (tid integer not null, balance integer DEFAULT -1)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE wq_source (balance integer, sid integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+
+INSERT INTO wq_source (sid, balance) VALUES (1, 100);
+
+BEGIN;
+-- try a simple INSERT with default values first
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- this time with a FALSE condition
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND FALSE THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+
+-- this time with an actual condition which returns false
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance <> 100 THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+
+BEGIN;
+-- and now with a condition which returns true
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance = 100 THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- conditions in the NOT MATCHED clause can only refer to source columns
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND t.balance = 100 THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.balance = 100 THEN
+	INSERT (tid) VALUES (s.sid);
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+
+-- conditions in MATCHED clause can refer to both source and target
+SELECT * FROM wq_source;
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.balance = 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance = 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+
+-- check if AND works
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance = 99 AND s.balance > 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance = 99 AND s.balance = 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+
+-- check if OR works
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance = 99 OR s.balance > 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance = 199 OR s.balance > 100 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+
+-- check source-side whole-row references
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON (t.tid = s.sid)
+WHEN matched and t = s or t.tid = s.sid THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- check if subqueries work in the conditions?
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance > (SELECT max(balance) FROM target) THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+
+-- check if we can access system columns in the conditions
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.xmin = t.xmax THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+
+MERGE INTO wq_target t
+USING wq_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.tableoid >= 0 THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.balance;
+SELECT * FROM wq_target;
+
+DROP TABLE wq_target, wq_source;
+
+-- test triggers
+create or replace function merge_trigfunc () returns trigger
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+DECLARE
+	line text;
+BEGIN
+	SELECT INTO line format('%s %s %s trigger%s',
+		TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, CASE
+		WHEN TG_OP = 'INSERT' AND TG_LEVEL = 'ROW'
+			THEN format(' row: %s', NEW)
+		WHEN TG_OP = 'UPDATE' AND TG_LEVEL = 'ROW'
+			THEN format(' row: %s -> %s', OLD, NEW)
+		WHEN TG_OP = 'DELETE' AND TG_LEVEL = 'ROW'
+			THEN format(' row: %s', OLD)
+		END);
+
+	RAISE NOTICE '%', line;
+	IF (TG_WHEN = 'BEFORE' AND TG_LEVEL = 'ROW') THEN
+		IF (TG_OP = 'DELETE') THEN
+			RETURN OLD;
+		ELSE
+			RETURN NEW;
+		END IF;
+	ELSE
+		RETURN NULL;
+	END IF;
+END;
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_bsi BEFORE INSERT ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_bsu BEFORE UPDATE ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_bsd BEFORE DELETE ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_asi AFTER INSERT ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_asu AFTER UPDATE ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_asd AFTER DELETE ON target FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_bri BEFORE INSERT ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_bru BEFORE UPDATE ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_brd BEFORE DELETE ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_ari AFTER INSERT ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_aru AFTER UPDATE ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+CREATE TRIGGER merge_ard AFTER DELETE ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE merge_trigfunc ();
+
+-- now the classic UPSERT, with a DELETE
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE target SET balance = 0 WHERE tid = 3;
+--EXPLAIN (ANALYZE ON, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance > s.delta THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance - s.delta
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Test behavior of triggers that turn UPDATE/DELETE into no-ops
+create or replace function skip_merge_op() returns trigger
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+BEGIN
+	RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$;
+
+SELECT * FROM target full outer join source on (sid = tid);
+create trigger merge_skip BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE or DELETE
+  ON target FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION skip_merge_op();
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+  result integer;
+BEGIN
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.sid = 3 THEN UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + s.delta
+WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (sid, delta);
+IF FOUND THEN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'Found';
+ELSE
+  RAISE NOTICE 'Not found';
+END IF;
+GET DIAGNOSTICS result := ROW_COUNT;
+RAISE NOTICE 'ROW_COUNT = %', result;
+END;
+$$;
+SELECT * FROM target FULL OUTER JOIN source ON (sid = tid);
+DROP TRIGGER merge_skip ON target;
+DROP FUNCTION skip_merge_op();
+
+-- test from PL/pgSQL
+-- make sure MERGE INTO isn't interpreted to mean returning variables like SELECT INTO
+BEGIN;
+DO LANGUAGE plpgsql $$
+BEGIN
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING source AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance > s.delta THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance - s.delta;
+END;
+$$;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--source constants
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT 9 AS sid, 57 AS delta) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--source query
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT sid, delta FROM source WHERE delta > 0) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT sid, delta as newname FROM source WHERE delta > 0) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.newname);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--self-merge
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t1
+USING target t2
+ON t1.tid = t2.tid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t1.balance + t2.balance
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (t2.tid, t2.balance);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT tid as sid, balance as delta FROM target WHERE balance > 0) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING
+(SELECT sid, max(delta) AS delta
+ FROM source
+ GROUP BY sid
+ HAVING count(*) = 1
+ ORDER BY sid ASC) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance) VALUES (s.sid, s.delta);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- plpgsql parameters and results
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION merge_func (p_id integer, p_bal integer)
+RETURNS INTEGER
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE
+ result integer;
+BEGIN
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT p_id AS sid) AS s
+ON t.tid = s.sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance - p_bal;
+IF FOUND THEN
+	GET DIAGNOSTICS result := ROW_COUNT;
+END IF;
+RETURN result;
+END;
+$$;
+SELECT merge_func(3, 4);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- PREPARE
+BEGIN;
+prepare foom as merge into target t using (select 1 as sid) s on (t.tid = s.sid) when matched then update set balance = 1;
+execute foom;
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+PREPARE foom2 (integer, integer) AS
+MERGE INTO target t
+USING (SELECT 1) s
+ON t.tid = $1
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+UPDATE SET balance = $2;
+--EXPLAIN (ANALYZE ON, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+execute foom2 (1, 1);
+SELECT * FROM target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- subqueries in source relation
+
+CREATE TABLE sq_target (tid integer NOT NULL, balance integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE sq_source (delta integer, sid integer, balance integer DEFAULT 0)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+
+INSERT INTO sq_target(tid, balance) VALUES (1,100), (2,200), (3,300);
+INSERT INTO sq_source(sid, delta) VALUES (1,10), (2,20), (4,40);
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING (SELECT * FROM sq_source) s
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance > delta THEN
+	UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + delta;
+SELECT * FROM sq_target;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- try a view
+CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT * FROM sq_source WHERE sid < 2;
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = v.balance + delta;
+SELECT * FROM sq_target;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- ambiguous reference to a column
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid > 2 THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (balance, tid) VALUES (balance + delta, sid)
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid < 2 THEN
+	DELETE;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO sq_source (sid, balance, delta) VALUES (-1, -1, -10);
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid > 2 THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + delta
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (balance, tid) VALUES (balance + delta, sid)
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid < 2 THEN
+	DELETE;
+SELECT * FROM sq_target;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- CTEs
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO sq_source (sid, balance, delta) VALUES (-1, -1, -10);
+WITH targq AS (
+	SELECT * FROM v
+)
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid > 2 THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + delta
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (balance, tid) VALUES (balance + delta, sid)
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid < 2 THEN
+	DELETE;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- RETURNING
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO sq_source (sid, balance, delta) VALUES (-1, -1, -10);
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid > 2 THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = t.balance + delta
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (balance, tid) VALUES (balance + delta, sid)
+WHEN MATCHED AND tid < 2 THEN
+	DELETE
+RETURNING *;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- EXPLAIN
+CREATE TABLE ex_mtarget (a int, b int)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE ex_msource (a int, b int)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+INSERT INTO ex_mtarget SELECT i, i*10 FROM generate_series(1,100,2) i;
+INSERT INTO ex_msource SELECT i, i*10 FROM generate_series(1,100,1) i;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION explain_merge(query text) RETURNS SETOF text
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
+$$
+DECLARE ln text;
+BEGIN
+    FOR ln IN
+        EXECUTE 'explain (analyze, timing off, summary off, costs off) ' ||
+		  query
+    LOOP
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, '(Memory( Usage)?|Buckets|Batches): \S*',  '\1: xxx', 'g');
+        RETURN NEXT ln;
+    END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+
+-- only updates
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = t.b + 1');
+
+-- only updates to selected tuples
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 10 THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = t.b + 1');
+
+-- updates + deletes
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 10 THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = t.b + 1
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a >= 10 AND t.a <= 20 THEN
+	DELETE');
+
+-- only inserts
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.a < 10 THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b)');
+
+-- all three
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 10 THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = t.b + 1
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a >= 30 AND t.a <= 40 THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.a < 20 THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b)');
+
+-- nothing
+SELECT explain_merge('
+MERGE INTO ex_mtarget t USING ex_msource s ON t.a = s.a AND t.a < -1000
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 10 THEN
+	DO NOTHING');
+
+DROP TABLE ex_msource, ex_mtarget;
+DROP FUNCTION explain_merge(text);
+
+-- Subqueries
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = (SELECT count(*) FROM sq_target);
+SELECT * FROM sq_target WHERE tid = 1;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid
+WHEN MATCHED AND (SELECT count(*) > 0 FROM sq_target) THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = 42;
+SELECT * FROM sq_target WHERE tid = 1;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO sq_target t
+USING v
+ON tid = sid AND (SELECT count(*) > 0 FROM sq_target)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = 42;
+SELECT * FROM sq_target WHERE tid = 1;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+DROP TABLE sq_target, sq_source CASCADE;
+
+CREATE TABLE pa_target (tid integer, balance float, val text)
+	PARTITION BY LIST (tid);
+
+CREATE TABLE part1 PARTITION OF pa_target FOR VALUES IN (1,4)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part2 PARTITION OF pa_target FOR VALUES IN (2,5,6)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part3 PARTITION OF pa_target FOR VALUES IN (3,8,9)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part4 PARTITION OF pa_target DEFAULT
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+
+CREATE TABLE pa_source (sid integer, delta float);
+-- insert many rows to the source table
+INSERT INTO pa_source SELECT id, id * 10  FROM generate_series(1,14) AS id;
+-- insert a few rows in the target table (odd numbered tid)
+INSERT INTO pa_target SELECT id, id * 100, 'initial' FROM generate_series(1,14,2) AS id;
+
+-- try simple MERGE
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- same with a constant qual
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid AND tid = 1
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- try updating the partition key column
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION merge_func() RETURNS integer LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+DECLARE
+  result integer;
+BEGIN
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET tid = tid + 1, balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+IF FOUND THEN
+  GET DIAGNOSTICS result := ROW_COUNT;
+END IF;
+RETURN result;
+END;
+$$;
+SELECT merge_func();
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+DROP TABLE pa_target CASCADE;
+
+-- The target table is partitioned in the same way, but this time by attaching
+-- partitions which have columns in different order, dropped columns etc.
+CREATE TABLE pa_target (tid integer, balance float, val text)
+	PARTITION BY LIST (tid);
+
+CREATE TABLE part1 (tid integer, balance float, val text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part2 (balance float, tid integer, val text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part3 (tid integer, balance float, val text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part4 (extraid text, tid integer, balance float, val text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+ALTER TABLE part4 DROP COLUMN extraid;
+
+ALTER TABLE pa_target ATTACH PARTITION part1 FOR VALUES IN (1,4);
+ALTER TABLE pa_target ATTACH PARTITION part2 FOR VALUES IN (2,5,6);
+ALTER TABLE pa_target ATTACH PARTITION part3 FOR VALUES IN (3,8,9);
+ALTER TABLE pa_target ATTACH PARTITION part4 DEFAULT;
+
+-- insert a few rows in the target table (odd numbered tid)
+INSERT INTO pa_target SELECT id, id * 100, 'initial' FROM generate_series(1,14,2) AS id;
+
+-- try simple MERGE
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- same with a constant qual
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid AND tid IN (1, 5)
+  WHEN MATCHED AND tid % 5 = 0 THEN DELETE
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- try updating the partition key column
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET tid = tid + 1, balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- test RLS enforcement
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE pa_target ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE pa_target FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY pa_target_pol ON pa_target USING (tid != 0);
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING pa_source s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid AND t.tid IN (1,2,3,4)
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET tid = tid - 1;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+DROP TABLE pa_source;
+DROP TABLE pa_target CASCADE;
+
+-- Sub-partitioning
+CREATE TABLE pa_target (logts timestamp, tid integer, balance float, val text)
+	PARTITION BY RANGE (logts);
+
+CREATE TABLE part_m01 PARTITION OF pa_target
+	FOR VALUES FROM ('2017-01-01') TO ('2017-02-01')
+	PARTITION BY LIST (tid);
+CREATE TABLE part_m01_odd PARTITION OF part_m01
+	FOR VALUES IN (1,3,5,7,9) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part_m01_even PARTITION OF part_m01
+	FOR VALUES IN (2,4,6,8) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part_m02 PARTITION OF pa_target
+	FOR VALUES FROM ('2017-02-01') TO ('2017-03-01')
+	PARTITION BY LIST (tid);
+CREATE TABLE part_m02_odd PARTITION OF part_m02
+	FOR VALUES IN (1,3,5,7,9) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE part_m02_even PARTITION OF part_m02
+	FOR VALUES IN (2,4,6,8) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+
+CREATE TABLE pa_source (sid integer, delta float)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+-- insert many rows to the source table
+INSERT INTO pa_source SELECT id, id * 10  FROM generate_series(1,14) AS id;
+-- insert a few rows in the target table (odd numbered tid)
+INSERT INTO pa_target SELECT '2017-01-31', id, id * 100, 'initial' FROM generate_series(1,9,3) AS id;
+INSERT INTO pa_target SELECT '2017-02-28', id, id * 100, 'initial' FROM generate_series(2,9,3) AS id;
+
+-- try simple MERGE
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO pa_target t
+  USING (SELECT '2017-01-15' AS slogts, * FROM pa_source WHERE sid < 10) s
+  ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN MATCHED THEN
+    UPDATE SET balance = balance + delta, val = val || ' updated by merge'
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+    INSERT VALUES (slogts::timestamp, sid, delta, 'inserted by merge');
+SELECT * FROM pa_target ORDER BY tid;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+DROP TABLE pa_source;
+DROP TABLE pa_target CASCADE;
+
+-- Partitioned table with primary key
+
+CREATE TABLE pa_target (tid integer PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (tid);
+CREATE TABLE pa_targetp PARTITION OF pa_target DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE pa_source (sid integer);
+
+INSERT INTO pa_source VALUES (1), (2);
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO pa_target t USING pa_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.sid);
+
+MERGE INTO pa_target t USING pa_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.sid);
+
+TABLE pa_target;
+
+-- Partition-less partitioned table
+-- (the bug we are checking for appeared only if table had partitions before)
+
+DROP TABLE pa_targetp;
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+MERGE INTO pa_target t USING pa_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.sid);
+
+MERGE INTO pa_target t USING pa_source s ON t.tid = s.sid
+  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.sid);
+
+DROP TABLE pa_source;
+DROP TABLE pa_target CASCADE;
+
+-- some complex joins on the source side
+
+CREATE TABLE cj_target (tid integer, balance float, val text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE cj_source1 (sid1 integer, scat integer, delta integer)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE cj_source2 (sid2 integer, sval text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+INSERT INTO cj_source1 VALUES (1, 10, 100);
+INSERT INTO cj_source1 VALUES (1, 20, 200);
+INSERT INTO cj_source1 VALUES (2, 20, 300);
+INSERT INTO cj_source1 VALUES (3, 10, 400);
+INSERT INTO cj_source2 VALUES (1, 'initial source2');
+INSERT INTO cj_source2 VALUES (2, 'initial source2');
+INSERT INTO cj_source2 VALUES (3, 'initial source2');
+
+-- source relation is an unaliased join
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING cj_source1 s1
+	INNER JOIN cj_source2 s2 ON sid1 = sid2
+ON t.tid = sid1
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (sid1, delta, sval);
+
+-- try accessing columns from either side of the source join
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING cj_source2 s2
+	INNER JOIN cj_source1 s1 ON sid1 = sid2 AND scat = 20
+ON t.tid = sid1
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (sid2, delta, sval)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+
+-- some simple expressions in INSERT targetlist
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING cj_source2 s2
+	INNER JOIN cj_source1 s1 ON sid1 = sid2
+ON t.tid = sid1
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (sid2, delta + scat, sval)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET val = val || ' updated by merge';
+
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING cj_source2 s2
+	INNER JOIN cj_source1 s1 ON sid1 = sid2 AND scat = 20
+ON t.tid = sid1
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET val = val || ' ' || delta::text;
+
+SELECT * FROM cj_target;
+
+-- try it with an outer join and PlaceHolderVar
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING (SELECT *, 'join input'::text AS phv FROM cj_source1) fj
+	FULL JOIN cj_source2 fj2 ON fj.scat = fj2.sid2 * 10
+ON t.tid = fj.scat
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT (tid, balance, val) VALUES (fj.scat, fj.delta, fj.phv);
+
+SELECT * FROM cj_target;
+
+ALTER TABLE cj_source1 RENAME COLUMN sid1 TO sid;
+ALTER TABLE cj_source2 RENAME COLUMN sid2 TO sid;
+
+TRUNCATE cj_target;
+
+MERGE INTO cj_target t
+USING cj_source1 s1
+	INNER JOIN cj_source2 s2 ON s1.sid = s2.sid
+ON t.tid = s1.sid
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (s2.sid, delta, sval);
+
+DROP TABLE cj_source2, cj_source1, cj_target;
+
+-- Function scans
+CREATE TABLE fs_target (a int, b int, c text)
+  WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+MERGE INTO fs_target t
+USING generate_series(1,100,1) AS id
+ON t.a = id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = b + id
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (id, -1);
+
+MERGE INTO fs_target t
+USING generate_series(1,100,2) AS id
+ON t.a = id
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = b + id, c = 'updated '|| id.*::text
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (id, -1, 'inserted ' || id.*::text);
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM fs_target;
+DROP TABLE fs_target;
+
+-- SERIALIZABLE test
+-- handled in isolation tests
+
+-- Inheritance-based partitioning
+CREATE TABLE measurement (
+    city_id         int not null,
+    logdate         date not null,
+    peaktemp        int,
+    unitsales       int
+) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE measurement_y2006m02 (
+    CHECK ( logdate >= DATE '2006-02-01' AND logdate < DATE '2006-03-01' )
+) INHERITS (measurement) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE measurement_y2006m03 (
+    CHECK ( logdate >= DATE '2006-03-01' AND logdate < DATE '2006-04-01' )
+) INHERITS (measurement) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+CREATE TABLE measurement_y2007m01 (
+    filler          text,
+    peaktemp        int,
+    logdate         date not null,
+    city_id         int not null,
+    unitsales       int
+    CHECK ( logdate >= DATE '2007-01-01' AND logdate < DATE '2007-02-01')
+) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+ALTER TABLE measurement_y2007m01 DROP COLUMN filler;
+ALTER TABLE measurement_y2007m01 INHERIT measurement;
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (0, '2005-07-21', 5, 15);
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION measurement_insert_trigger()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+    IF ( NEW.logdate >= DATE '2006-02-01' AND
+         NEW.logdate < DATE '2006-03-01' ) THEN
+        INSERT INTO measurement_y2006m02 VALUES (NEW.*);
+    ELSIF ( NEW.logdate >= DATE '2006-03-01' AND
+            NEW.logdate < DATE '2006-04-01' ) THEN
+        INSERT INTO measurement_y2006m03 VALUES (NEW.*);
+    ELSIF ( NEW.logdate >= DATE '2007-01-01' AND
+            NEW.logdate < DATE '2007-02-01' ) THEN
+        INSERT INTO measurement_y2007m01 (city_id, logdate, peaktemp, unitsales)
+            VALUES (NEW.*);
+    ELSE
+        RAISE EXCEPTION 'Date out of range.  Fix the measurement_insert_trigger() function!';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql ;
+CREATE TRIGGER insert_measurement_trigger
+    BEFORE INSERT ON measurement
+    FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE measurement_insert_trigger();
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2006-02-10', 35, 10);
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2006-02-16', 45, 20);
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2006-03-17', 25, 10);
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2006-03-27', 15, 40);
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2007-01-15', 10, 10);
+INSERT INTO measurement VALUES (1, '2007-01-17', 10, 10);
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM measurement ORDER BY city_id, logdate;
+
+CREATE TABLE new_measurement (LIKE measurement) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=off);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (0, '2005-07-21', 25, 20);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2006-03-01', 20, 10);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2006-02-16', 50, 10);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (2, '2006-02-10', 20, 20);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2006-03-27', NULL, NULL);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2007-01-17', NULL, NULL);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2007-01-15', 5, NULL);
+INSERT INTO new_measurement VALUES (1, '2007-01-16', 10, 10);
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO ONLY measurement m
+ USING new_measurement nm ON
+      (m.city_id = nm.city_id and m.logdate=nm.logdate)
+WHEN MATCHED AND nm.peaktemp IS NULL THEN DELETE
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE
+     SET peaktemp = greatest(m.peaktemp, nm.peaktemp),
+        unitsales = m.unitsales + coalesce(nm.unitsales, 0)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT
+     (city_id, logdate, peaktemp, unitsales)
+   VALUES (city_id, logdate, peaktemp, unitsales);
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM measurement ORDER BY city_id, logdate, peaktemp;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+MERGE into measurement m
+ USING new_measurement nm ON
+      (m.city_id = nm.city_id and m.logdate=nm.logdate)
+WHEN MATCHED AND nm.peaktemp IS NULL THEN DELETE
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE
+     SET peaktemp = greatest(m.peaktemp, nm.peaktemp),
+        unitsales = m.unitsales + coalesce(nm.unitsales, 0)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT
+     (city_id, logdate, peaktemp, unitsales)
+   VALUES (city_id, logdate, peaktemp, unitsales);
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM measurement ORDER BY city_id, logdate;
+
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO new_measurement nm
+ USING ONLY measurement m ON
+      (nm.city_id = m.city_id and nm.logdate=m.logdate)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
+
+SELECT * FROM new_measurement ORDER BY city_id, logdate;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+MERGE INTO new_measurement nm
+ USING measurement m ON
+      (nm.city_id = m.city_id and nm.logdate=m.logdate)
+WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
+
+SELECT * FROM new_measurement ORDER BY city_id, logdate;
+
+DROP TABLE measurement, new_measurement CASCADE;
+DROP FUNCTION measurement_insert_trigger();
+
+-- prepare
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE target, target2;
+DROP TABLE source, source2;
+DROP FUNCTION merge_trigfunc();
+DROP USER regress_merge_privs;
+DROP USER regress_merge_no_privs;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/misc.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/misc.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..165a2e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/misc.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+--
+-- MISC
+--
+
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+\getenv abs_builddir PG_ABS_BUILDDIR
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+CREATE FUNCTION overpaid(emp)
+   RETURNS bool
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION reverse_name(name)
+   RETURNS name
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+
+--
+-- BTREE
+--
+UPDATE onek
+   SET unique1 = onek.unique1 + 1;
+
+UPDATE onek
+   SET unique1 = onek.unique1 - 1;
+
+--
+-- BTREE partial
+--
+-- UPDATE onek2
+--   SET unique1 = onek2.unique1 + 1;
+
+--UPDATE onek2
+--   SET unique1 = onek2.unique1 - 1;
+
+--
+-- BTREE shutting out non-functional updates
+--
+-- the following two tests seem to take a long time on some
+-- systems.    This non-func update stuff needs to be examined
+-- more closely.  			- jolly (2/22/96)
+--
+SELECT two, stringu1, ten, string4
+   INTO TABLE tmp
+   FROM onek;
+
+UPDATE tmp
+   SET stringu1 = reverse_name(onek.stringu1)
+   FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.stringu1 = 'JBAAAA' and
+	  onek.stringu1 = tmp.stringu1;
+
+UPDATE tmp
+   SET stringu1 = reverse_name(onek2.stringu1)
+   FROM onek2
+   WHERE onek2.stringu1 = 'JCAAAA' and
+	  onek2.stringu1 = tmp.stringu1;
+
+DROP TABLE tmp;
+
+--UPDATE person*
+--   SET age = age + 1;
+
+--UPDATE person*
+--   SET age = age + 3
+--   WHERE name = 'linda';
+
+--
+-- copy
+--
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/onek.data'
+COPY onek TO :'filename';
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE onek_copy (LIKE onek);
+
+COPY onek_copy FROM :'filename';
+
+SELECT * FROM onek EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM onek_copy;
+
+SELECT * FROM onek_copy EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM onek;
+
+\set filename :abs_builddir '/results/stud_emp.data'
+COPY BINARY stud_emp TO :'filename';
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE stud_emp_copy (LIKE stud_emp);
+
+COPY BINARY stud_emp_copy FROM :'filename';
+
+SELECT * FROM stud_emp_copy;
+
+--
+-- test data for postquel functions
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE hobbies_r (
+	name		text,
+	person 		text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE equipment_r (
+	name 		text,
+	hobby		text
+);
+
+INSERT INTO hobbies_r (name, person)
+   SELECT 'posthacking', p.name
+   FROM person* p
+   WHERE p.name = 'mike' or p.name = 'jeff';
+
+INSERT INTO hobbies_r (name, person)
+   SELECT 'basketball', p.name
+   FROM person p
+   WHERE p.name = 'joe' or p.name = 'sally';
+
+INSERT INTO hobbies_r (name) VALUES ('skywalking');
+
+INSERT INTO equipment_r (name, hobby) VALUES ('advil', 'posthacking');
+
+INSERT INTO equipment_r (name, hobby) VALUES ('peet''s coffee', 'posthacking');
+
+INSERT INTO equipment_r (name, hobby) VALUES ('hightops', 'basketball');
+
+INSERT INTO equipment_r (name, hobby) VALUES ('guts', 'skywalking');
+
+--
+-- postquel functions
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION hobbies(person)
+   RETURNS setof hobbies_r
+   AS 'select * from hobbies_r where person = $1.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION hobby_construct(text, text)
+   RETURNS hobbies_r
+   AS 'select $1 as name, $2 as hobby'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION hobby_construct_named(name text, hobby text)
+   RETURNS hobbies_r
+   AS 'select name, hobby'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION hobbies_by_name(hobbies_r.name%TYPE)
+   RETURNS hobbies_r.person%TYPE
+   AS 'select person from hobbies_r where name = $1'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment(hobbies_r)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where hobby = $1.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named(hobby hobbies_r)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where equipment_r.hobby = equipment_named.hobby.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named_ambiguous_1a(hobby hobbies_r)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where hobby = equipment_named_ambiguous_1a.hobby.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named_ambiguous_1b(hobby hobbies_r)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where equipment_r.hobby = hobby.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named_ambiguous_1c(hobby hobbies_r)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where hobby = hobby.name'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named_ambiguous_2a(hobby text)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where hobby = equipment_named_ambiguous_2a.hobby'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION equipment_named_ambiguous_2b(hobby text)
+   RETURNS setof equipment_r
+   AS 'select * from equipment_r where equipment_r.hobby = hobby'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+--
+-- mike does post_hacking,
+-- joe and sally play basketball, and
+-- everyone else does nothing.
+--
+SELECT p.name, name(p.hobbies) FROM ONLY person p;
+
+--
+-- as above, but jeff also does post_hacking.
+--
+SELECT p.name, name(p.hobbies) FROM person* p;
+
+--
+-- the next two queries demonstrate how functions generate bogus duplicates.
+-- this is a "feature" ..
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT hobbies_r.name, name(hobbies_r.equipment) FROM hobbies_r
+  ORDER BY 1,2;
+
+SELECT hobbies_r.name, (hobbies_r.equipment).name FROM hobbies_r;
+
+--
+-- mike needs advil and peet's coffee,
+-- joe and sally need hightops, and
+-- everyone else is fine.
+--
+SELECT p.name, name(p.hobbies), name(equipment(p.hobbies)) FROM ONLY person p;
+
+--
+-- as above, but jeff needs advil and peet's coffee as well.
+--
+SELECT p.name, name(p.hobbies), name(equipment(p.hobbies)) FROM person* p;
+
+--
+-- just like the last two, but make sure that the target list fixup and
+-- unflattening is being done correctly.
+--
+SELECT name(equipment(p.hobbies)), p.name, name(p.hobbies) FROM ONLY person p;
+
+SELECT (p.hobbies).equipment.name, p.name, name(p.hobbies) FROM person* p;
+
+SELECT (p.hobbies).equipment.name, name(p.hobbies), p.name FROM ONLY person p;
+
+SELECT name(equipment(p.hobbies)), name(p.hobbies), p.name FROM person* p;
+
+SELECT name(equipment(hobby_construct(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+
+SELECT name(equipment(hobby_construct_named(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named(hobby_construct_named(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named_ambiguous_1a(hobby_construct_named(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named_ambiguous_1b(hobby_construct_named(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named_ambiguous_1c(hobby_construct_named(text 'skywalking', text 'mer')));
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named_ambiguous_2a(text 'skywalking'));
+
+SELECT name(equipment_named_ambiguous_2b(text 'skywalking'));
+
+SELECT hobbies_by_name('basketball');
+
+SELECT name, overpaid(emp.*) FROM emp;
+
+--
+-- Try a few cases with SQL-spec row constructor expressions
+--
+SELECT * FROM equipment(ROW('skywalking', 'mer'));
+
+SELECT name(equipment(ROW('skywalking', 'mer')));
+
+SELECT *, name(equipment(h.*)) FROM hobbies_r h;
+
+SELECT *, (equipment(CAST((h.*) AS hobbies_r))).name FROM hobbies_r h;
+
+--
+-- functional joins
+--
+
+--
+-- instance rules
+--
+
+--
+-- rewrite rules
+--
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/misc_functions.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/misc_functions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..072fc36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/misc_functions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+--
+-- num_nulls()
+--
+
+SELECT num_nonnulls(NULL);
+SELECT num_nonnulls('1');
+SELECT num_nonnulls(NULL::text);
+SELECT num_nonnulls(NULL::text, NULL::int);
+SELECT num_nonnulls(1, 2, NULL::text, NULL::point, '', int8 '9', 1.0 / NULL);
+SELECT num_nonnulls(VARIADIC '{1,2,NULL,3}'::int[]);
+SELECT num_nonnulls(VARIADIC '{"1","2","3","4"}'::text[]);
+SELECT num_nonnulls(VARIADIC ARRAY(SELECT CASE WHEN i <> 40 THEN i END FROM generate_series(1, 100) i));
+
+SELECT num_nulls(NULL);
+SELECT num_nulls('1');
+SELECT num_nulls(NULL::text);
+SELECT num_nulls(NULL::text, NULL::int);
+SELECT num_nulls(1, 2, NULL::text, NULL::point, '', int8 '9', 1.0 / NULL);
+SELECT num_nulls(VARIADIC '{1,2,NULL,3}'::int[]);
+SELECT num_nulls(VARIADIC '{"1","2","3","4"}'::text[]);
+SELECT num_nulls(VARIADIC ARRAY(SELECT CASE WHEN i <> 40 THEN i END FROM generate_series(1, 100) i));
+
+-- special cases
+SELECT num_nonnulls(VARIADIC NULL::text[]);
+SELECT num_nonnulls(VARIADIC '{}'::int[]);
+SELECT num_nulls(VARIADIC NULL::text[]);
+SELECT num_nulls(VARIADIC '{}'::int[]);
+
+-- should fail, one or more arguments is required
+SELECT num_nonnulls();
+SELECT num_nulls();
+
+--
+-- canonicalize_path()
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test_canonicalize_path(text)
+   RETURNS text
+   AS :'regresslib'
+   LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/./abc/def/');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/./../abc/def');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/./../../abc/def/');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/abc/.././def/ghi');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/abc/./../def/ghi//');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/abc/def/../..');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/abc/def/../../..');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('/abc/def/../../../../ghi/jkl');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('.');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('./');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('./abc/..');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('abc/../');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('abc/../def');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('..');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('../abc/def');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('../abc/..');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('../abc/../def');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('../abc/../../def/ghi');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('./abc/./def/.');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('./abc/././def/.');
+SELECT test_canonicalize_path('./abc/./def/.././ghi/../../../jkl/mno');
+
+--
+-- pg_log_backend_memory_contexts()
+--
+-- Memory contexts are logged and they are not returned to the function.
+-- Furthermore, their contents can vary depending on the timing. However,
+-- we can at least verify that the code doesn't fail, and that the
+-- permissions are set properly.
+--
+
+SELECT pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(pg_backend_pid());
+
+SELECT pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(pid) FROM pg_stat_activity
+  WHERE backend_type = 'checkpointer';
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_log_memory;
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_log_memory',
+  'pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(integer)', 'EXECUTE'); -- no
+
+GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(integer)
+  TO regress_log_memory;
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_log_memory',
+  'pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(integer)', 'EXECUTE'); -- yes
+
+SET ROLE regress_log_memory;
+SELECT pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(pg_backend_pid());
+RESET ROLE;
+
+REVOKE EXECUTE ON FUNCTION pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(integer)
+  FROM regress_log_memory;
+
+DROP ROLE regress_log_memory;
+
+--
+-- Test some built-in SRFs
+--
+-- The outputs of these are variable, so we can't just print their results
+-- directly, but we can at least verify that the code doesn't fail.
+--
+select setting as segsize
+from pg_settings where name = 'wal_segment_size'
+\gset
+
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from pg_ls_waldir();
+-- Test ProjectSet as well as FunctionScan
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from (select pg_ls_waldir()) ss;
+-- Test not-run-to-completion cases.
+select * from pg_ls_waldir() limit 0;
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from (select * from pg_ls_waldir() limit 1) ss;
+select (w).size = :segsize as ok
+from (select pg_ls_waldir() w) ss where length((w).name) = 24 limit 1;
+
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok from pg_ls_archive_statusdir();
+
+select * from (select pg_ls_dir('.') a) a where a = 'base' limit 1;
+-- Test missing_ok (second argument)
+select pg_ls_dir('does not exist', false, false); -- error
+select pg_ls_dir('does not exist', true, false); -- ok
+-- Test include_dot_dirs (third argument)
+select count(*) = 1 as dot_found
+  from pg_ls_dir('.', false, true) as ls where ls = '.';
+select count(*) = 1 as dot_found
+  from pg_ls_dir('.', false, false) as ls where ls = '.';
+
+select * from (select (pg_timezone_names()).name) ptn where name='UTC' limit 1;
+
+select count(*) > 0 from
+  (select pg_tablespace_databases(oid) as pts from pg_tablespace
+   where spcname = 'pg_default') pts
+  join pg_database db on pts.pts = db.oid;
+
+--
+-- Test replication slot directory functions
+--
+CREATE ROLE regress_slot_dir_funcs;
+-- Not available by default.
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_logicalsnapdir()', 'EXECUTE');
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_logicalmapdir()', 'EXECUTE');
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_replslotdir(text)', 'EXECUTE');
+GRANT pg_monitor TO regress_slot_dir_funcs;
+-- Role is now part of pg_monitor, so these are available.
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_logicalsnapdir()', 'EXECUTE');
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_logicalmapdir()', 'EXECUTE');
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_slot_dir_funcs',
+  'pg_ls_replslotdir(text)', 'EXECUTE');
+DROP ROLE regress_slot_dir_funcs;
+
+--
+-- Test adding a support function to a subject function
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION my_int_eq(int, int) RETURNS bool
+  LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE
+  AS $$int4eq$$;
+
+-- By default, planner does not think that's selective
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM tenk1 a JOIN tenk1 b ON a.unique1 = b.unique1
+WHERE my_int_eq(a.unique2, 42);
+
+-- With support function that knows it's int4eq, we get a different plan
+CREATE FUNCTION test_support_func(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS :'regresslib', 'test_support_func'
+    LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+
+ALTER FUNCTION my_int_eq(int, int) SUPPORT test_support_func;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM tenk1 a JOIN tenk1 b ON a.unique1 = b.unique1
+WHERE my_int_eq(a.unique2, 42);
+
+-- Also test non-default rowcount estimate
+CREATE FUNCTION my_gen_series(int, int) RETURNS SETOF integer
+  LANGUAGE internal STRICT IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE
+  AS $$generate_series_int4$$
+  SUPPORT test_support_func;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM tenk1 a JOIN my_gen_series(1,1000) g ON a.unique1 = g;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM tenk1 a JOIN my_gen_series(1,10) g ON a.unique1 = g;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/misc_sanity.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/misc_sanity.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c0f87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/misc_sanity.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+--
+-- MISC_SANITY
+-- Sanity checks for common errors in making system tables that don't fit
+-- comfortably into either opr_sanity or type_sanity.
+--
+-- Every test failure in this file should be closely inspected.
+-- The description of the failing test should be read carefully before
+-- adjusting the expected output.  In most cases, the queries should
+-- not find *any* matching entries.
+--
+-- NB: run this test early, because some later tests create bogus entries.
+
+
+-- **************** pg_depend ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_depend fields.
+
+SELECT *
+FROM pg_depend as d1
+WHERE refclassid = 0 OR refobjid = 0 OR
+      classid = 0 OR objid = 0 OR
+      deptype NOT IN ('a', 'e', 'i', 'n', 'x', 'P', 'S');
+
+
+-- **************** pg_shdepend ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_shdepend fields.
+
+SELECT *
+FROM pg_shdepend as d1
+WHERE refclassid = 0 OR refobjid = 0 OR
+      classid = 0 OR objid = 0 OR
+      deptype NOT IN ('a', 'o', 'r', 't');
+
+
+-- **************** pg_class ****************
+
+-- Look for system tables with varlena columns but no toast table. All
+-- system tables with toastable columns should have toast tables, with
+-- the following exceptions:
+-- 1. pg_class, pg_attribute, and pg_index, due to fear of recursive
+-- dependencies as toast tables depend on them.
+-- 2. pg_largeobject and pg_largeobject_metadata.  Large object catalogs
+-- and toast tables are mutually exclusive and large object data is handled
+-- as user data by pg_upgrade, which would cause failures.
+
+SELECT relname, attname, atttypid::regtype
+FROM pg_class c JOIN pg_attribute a ON c.oid = attrelid
+WHERE c.oid < 16384 AND
+      reltoastrelid = 0 AND
+      relkind = 'r' AND
+      attstorage != 'p'
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+
+-- system catalogs without primary keys
+--
+-- Current exceptions:
+-- * pg_depend, pg_shdepend don't have a unique key
+SELECT relname
+FROM pg_class
+WHERE relnamespace = 'pg_catalog'::regnamespace AND relkind = 'r'
+      AND pg_class.oid NOT IN (SELECT indrelid FROM pg_index WHERE indisprimary)
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+
+-- system catalog unique indexes not wrapped in a constraint
+-- (There should be none.)
+SELECT relname
+FROM pg_class c JOIN pg_index i ON c.oid = i.indexrelid
+WHERE relnamespace = 'pg_catalog'::regnamespace AND relkind = 'i'
+      AND i.indisunique
+      AND c.oid NOT IN (SELECT conindid FROM pg_constraint)
+ORDER BY 1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/money.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/money.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e74628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/money.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+--
+-- MONEY
+--
+-- Note that we assume lc_monetary has been set to C.
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE money_data (m money);
+
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('123');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+SELECT m + '123' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m + '123.45' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m - '123.45' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m / '2'::money FROM money_data;
+SELECT m * 2 FROM money_data;
+SELECT 2 * m FROM money_data;
+SELECT m / 2 FROM money_data;
+SELECT m * 2::int2 FROM money_data;
+SELECT 2::int2 * m FROM money_data;
+SELECT m / 2::int2 FROM money_data;
+SELECT m * 2::int8 FROM money_data;
+SELECT 2::int8 * m FROM money_data;
+SELECT m / 2::int8 FROM money_data;
+SELECT m * 2::float8 FROM money_data;
+SELECT 2::float8 * m FROM money_data;
+SELECT m / 2::float8 FROM money_data;
+SELECT m * 2::float4 FROM money_data;
+SELECT 2::float4 * m FROM money_data;
+SELECT m / 2::float4 FROM money_data;
+
+-- All true
+SELECT m = '$123.00' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m != '$124.00' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m <= '$123.00' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m >= '$123.00' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m < '$124.00' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m > '$122.00' FROM money_data;
+
+-- All false
+SELECT m = '$123.01' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m != '$123.00' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m <= '$122.99' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m >= '$123.01' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m > '$124.00' FROM money_data;
+SELECT m < '$122.00' FROM money_data;
+
+SELECT cashlarger(m, '$124.00') FROM money_data;
+SELECT cashsmaller(m, '$124.00') FROM money_data;
+SELECT cash_words(m) FROM money_data;
+SELECT cash_words(m + '1.23') FROM money_data;
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.45');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.451');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.454');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.455');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.456');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+
+DELETE FROM money_data;
+INSERT INTO money_data VALUES ('$123.459');
+SELECT * FROM money_data;
+
+-- input checks
+SELECT '1234567890'::money;
+SELECT '12345678901234567'::money;
+SELECT '123456789012345678'::money;
+SELECT '9223372036854775807'::money;
+SELECT '-12345'::money;
+SELECT '-1234567890'::money;
+SELECT '-12345678901234567'::money;
+SELECT '-123456789012345678'::money;
+SELECT '-9223372036854775808'::money;
+
+-- special characters
+SELECT '(1)'::money;
+SELECT '($123,456.78)'::money;
+
+-- documented minimums and maximums
+SELECT '-92233720368547758.08'::money;
+SELECT '92233720368547758.07'::money;
+
+SELECT '-92233720368547758.09'::money;
+SELECT '92233720368547758.08'::money;
+
+-- rounding
+SELECT '-92233720368547758.085'::money;
+SELECT '92233720368547758.075'::money;
+
+-- rounding vs. truncation in division
+SELECT '878.08'::money / 11::float8;
+SELECT '878.08'::money / 11::float4;
+SELECT '878.08'::money / 11::bigint;
+SELECT '878.08'::money / 11::int;
+SELECT '878.08'::money / 11::smallint;
+
+-- check for precision loss in division
+SELECT '90000000000000099.00'::money / 10::bigint;
+SELECT '90000000000000099.00'::money / 10::int;
+SELECT '90000000000000099.00'::money / 10::smallint;
+
+-- Cast int4/int8/numeric to money
+SELECT 1234567890::money;
+SELECT 12345678901234567::money;
+SELECT (-12345)::money;
+SELECT (-1234567890)::money;
+SELECT (-12345678901234567)::money;
+SELECT 1234567890::int4::money;
+SELECT 12345678901234567::int8::money;
+SELECT 12345678901234567::numeric::money;
+SELECT (-1234567890)::int4::money;
+SELECT (-12345678901234567)::int8::money;
+SELECT (-12345678901234567)::numeric::money;
+
+-- Cast from money to numeric
+SELECT '12345678901234567'::money::numeric;
+SELECT '-12345678901234567'::money::numeric;
+SELECT '92233720368547758.07'::money::numeric;
+SELECT '-92233720368547758.08'::money::numeric;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/multirangetypes.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/multirangetypes.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1abcaed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/multirangetypes.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,856 @@
+-- Tests for multirange data types.
+
+--
+-- test input parser
+--
+
+-- negative tests; should fail
+select ''::textmultirange;
+select '{,}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(,)}.'::textmultirange;
+select '{[a,c),}'::textmultirange;
+select '{,[a,c)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{-[a,z)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[a,z) - }'::textmultirange;
+select '{(",a)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(,,a)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(),a)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(a,))}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(],a)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(a,])}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[z,a]}'::textmultirange;
+
+-- should succeed
+select '{}'::textmultirange;
+select '  {}  '::textmultirange;
+select ' { empty, empty }  '::textmultirange;
+select ' {( " a " " a ", " z " " z " )  }'::textmultirange;
+select textrange('\\\\', repeat('a', 200))::textmultirange;
+select '{(,z)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(a,)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[,z]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[a,]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(,)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[ , ]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{["",""]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[",",","]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{["\\","\\"]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{["""","\""]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(\\,a)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{((,z)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{([,z)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(!,()}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(!,[)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[a,a]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[a,a],[a,b]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[a,b), [b,e]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[a,d), [b,f]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[a,a],[b,b]}'::textmultirange;
+-- without canonicalization, we can't join these:
+select '{[a,a], [b,b]}'::textmultirange;
+-- with canonicalization, we can join these:
+select '{[1,2], [3,4]}'::int4multirange;
+select '{[a,a], [b,b], [c,c]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[a,d], [b,e]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{[a,d), [d,e)}'::textmultirange;
+-- these are allowed but normalize to empty:
+select '{[a,a)}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(a,a]}'::textmultirange;
+select '{(a,a)}'::textmultirange;
+
+--
+-- test the constructor
+---
+select textmultirange();
+select textmultirange(textrange('a', 'c'));
+select textmultirange(textrange('a', 'c'), textrange('f', 'g'));
+select textmultirange(textrange('\\\\', repeat('a', 200)), textrange('c', 'd'));
+
+--
+-- test casts, both a built-in range type and a user-defined one:
+--
+select 'empty'::int4range::int4multirange;
+select int4range(1, 3)::int4multirange;
+select int4range(1, null)::int4multirange;
+select int4range(null, null)::int4multirange;
+select 'empty'::textrange::textmultirange;
+select textrange('a', 'c')::textmultirange;
+select textrange('a', null)::textmultirange;
+select textrange(null, null)::textmultirange;
+
+--
+-- test unnest(multirange) function
+--
+select unnest(int4multirange(int4range('5', '6'), int4range('1', '2')));
+select unnest(textmultirange(textrange('a', 'b'), textrange('d', 'e')));
+select unnest(textmultirange(textrange('\\\\', repeat('a', 200)), textrange('c', 'd')));
+
+--
+-- create some test data and test the operators
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE nummultirange_test (nmr NUMMULTIRANGE);
+CREATE INDEX nummultirange_test_btree ON nummultirange_test(nmr);
+
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{[,)}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{[3,]}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{[,), [3,]}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{[, 5)}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES(nummultirange());
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES(nummultirange(variadic '{}'::numrange[]));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.2)));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES('{empty}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.7, 1.7, '[]'), numrange(1.7, 1.9)));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.7, 1.7, '[]'), numrange(1.9, 2.1)));
+
+SELECT nmr, isempty(nmr), lower(nmr), upper(nmr) FROM nummultirange_test ORDER BY nmr;
+SELECT nmr, lower_inc(nmr), lower_inf(nmr), upper_inc(nmr), upper_inf(nmr) FROM nummultirange_test ORDER BY nmr;
+
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr = '{}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr = '{(,5)}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr = '{[3,)}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr = '{[1.7,1.7]}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr = '{[1.7,1.7],[1.9,2.1)}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr < '{}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr < '{[-1000.0, -1000.0]}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr < '{[0.0, 1.0]}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr < '{[1000.0, 1001.0]}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr <= '{}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr <= '{[3,)}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr >= '{}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr >= '{[3,)}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr > '{}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr > '{[-1000.0, -1000.0]}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr > '{[0.0, 1.0]}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr > '{[1000.0, 1001.0]}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr <> '{}';
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr <> '{(,5)}';
+
+select nummultirange(numrange(2.0, 1.0));
+select nummultirange(numrange(5.0, 6.0), numrange(1.0, 2.0));
+
+analyze nummultirange_test;
+
+-- overlaps
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE range_overlaps_multirange(numrange(4.0, 4.2), nmr);
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE numrange(4.0, 4.2) && nmr;
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_overlaps_range(nmr, numrange(4.0, 4.2));
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr && numrange(4.0, 4.2);
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_overlaps_multirange(nmr, nummultirange(numrange(4.0, 4.2), numrange(6.0, 7.0)));
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr && nummultirange(numrange(4.0, 4.2), numrange(6.0, 7.0));
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr && nummultirange(numrange(6.0, 7.0));
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr && nummultirange(numrange(6.0, 7.0), numrange(8.0, 9.0));
+
+-- mr contains x
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_contains_elem(nmr, 4.0);
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr @> 4.0;
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_contains_range(nmr, numrange(4.0, 4.2));
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr @> numrange(4.0, 4.2);
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_contains_multirange(nmr, '{[4.0,4.2), [6.0, 8.0)}');
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE nmr @> '{[4.0,4.2), [6.0, 8.0)}'::nummultirange;
+
+-- x is contained by mr
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE elem_contained_by_multirange(4.0, nmr);
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE 4.0 <@ nmr;
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE range_contained_by_multirange(numrange(4.0, 4.2), nmr);
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE numrange(4.0, 4.2) <@ nmr;
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE multirange_contained_by_multirange('{[4.0,4.2), [6.0, 8.0)}', nmr);
+SELECT * FROM nummultirange_test WHERE '{[4.0,4.2), [6.0, 8.0)}'::nummultirange <@ nmr;
+
+-- overlaps
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange && nummultirange();
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange && nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange() && 'empty'::numrange;
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) && 'empty'::numrange;
+SELECT nummultirange() && nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange() && nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) && nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) && nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(7,8));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(7,8)) && nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) && nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(3.5,8));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(3.5,8)) && numrange(3,4);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(3.5,8)) && nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+select '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::nummultirange && '(42,92)'::numrange;
+
+-- contains
+SELECT nummultirange() @> nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange() @> 'empty'::numrange;
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,null)) @> numrange(1,2);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,null)) @> numrange(null,2);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,null)) @> numrange(2,null);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,5)) @> numrange(null,3);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,5)) @> numrange(null,8);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(5,null)) @> numrange(8,null);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(5,null)) @> numrange(3,null);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5)) @> numrange(8,9);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5)) @> numrange(3,9);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5)) @> numrange(1,4);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5)) @> numrange(1,5);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(1,5)) @> numrange(1,5);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9)) @> numrange(1,5);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9)) @> numrange(6,7);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,9)) @> numrange(6,7);
+SELECT '{[1,5)}'::nummultirange @> '{[1,5)}';
+SELECT '{[-4,-2), [1,5)}'::nummultirange @> '{[1,5)}';
+SELECT '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange @> '{[1,5)}';
+SELECT '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange @> '{[6,7)}';
+SELECT '{[1,5), [6,9)}'::nummultirange @> '{[6,7)}';
+select '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::nummultirange @> '(52,56)'::numrange;
+SELECT numrange(null,null) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT numrange(null,null) @> nummultirange(numrange(null,2));
+SELECT numrange(null,null) @> nummultirange(numrange(2,null));
+SELECT numrange(null,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(null,3));
+SELECT numrange(null,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(null,8));
+SELECT numrange(5,null) @> nummultirange(numrange(8,null));
+SELECT numrange(5,null) @> nummultirange(numrange(3,null));
+SELECT numrange(1,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(8,9));
+SELECT numrange(1,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(3,9));
+SELECT numrange(1,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,4));
+SELECT numrange(1,5) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,5));
+SELECT numrange(1,9) @> nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(1,5));
+SELECT numrange(1,9) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9));
+SELECT numrange(1,9) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,9));
+SELECT numrange(1,9) @> nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,10));
+SELECT '{[1,9)}' @> '{[1,5)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,9)}' @> '{[-4,-2), [1,5)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,9)}' @> '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,9)}' @> '{[1,5), [6,9)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,9)}' @> '{[1,5), [6,10)}'::nummultirange;
+
+-- is contained by
+SELECT nummultirange() <@ nummultirange();
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange <@ nummultirange();
+SELECT numrange(1,2) <@ nummultirange(numrange(null,null));
+SELECT numrange(null,2) <@ nummultirange(numrange(null,null));
+SELECT numrange(2,null) <@ nummultirange(numrange(null,null));
+SELECT numrange(null,3) <@ nummultirange(numrange(null,5));
+SELECT numrange(null,8) <@ nummultirange(numrange(null,5));
+SELECT numrange(8,null) <@ nummultirange(numrange(5,null));
+SELECT numrange(3,null) <@ nummultirange(numrange(5,null));
+SELECT numrange(8,9) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5));
+SELECT numrange(3,9) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5));
+SELECT numrange(1,4) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5));
+SELECT numrange(1,5) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5));
+SELECT numrange(1,5) <@ nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(1,5));
+SELECT numrange(1,5) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9));
+SELECT numrange(6,7) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9));
+SELECT numrange(6,7) <@ nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,9));
+SELECT '{[1,5)}' <@ '{[1,5)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,5)}' <@ '{[-4,-2), [1,5)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,5)}' <@ '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[6,7)}' <@ '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[6,7)}' <@ '{[1,5), [6,9)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) <@ numrange(null,null);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,2)) <@ numrange(null,null);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(2,null)) <@ numrange(null,null);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,3)) <@ numrange(null,5);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(null,8)) <@ numrange(null,5);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(8,null)) <@ numrange(5,null);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,null)) <@ numrange(5,null);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(8,9)) <@ numrange(1,5);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,9)) <@ numrange(1,5);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) <@ numrange(1,5);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5)) <@ numrange(1,5);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(1,5)) <@ numrange(1,9);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(8,9)) <@ numrange(1,9);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,9)) <@ numrange(1,9);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,5), numrange(6,10)) <@ numrange(1,9);
+SELECT '{[1,5)}'::nummultirange <@ '{[1,9)}';
+SELECT '{[-4,-2), [1,5)}'::nummultirange <@ '{[1,9)}';
+SELECT '{[1,5), [8,9)}'::nummultirange <@ '{[1,9)}';
+SELECT '{[1,5), [6,9)}'::nummultirange <@ '{[1,9)}';
+SELECT '{[1,5), [6,10)}'::nummultirange <@ '{[1,9)}';
+
+-- overleft
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange &< nummultirange();
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange &< nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange() &< 'empty'::numrange;
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &< 'empty'::numrange;
+SELECT nummultirange() &< nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &< nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange() &< nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT numrange(6,7) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT numrange(1,2) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT numrange(1,4) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT numrange(1,6) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT numrange(3.5,6) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(6,7)) &< numrange(3,4);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &< numrange(3,4);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) &< numrange(3,4);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,6)) &< numrange(3,4);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3.5,6)) &< numrange(3,4);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(6,7)) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,6)) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3.5,6)) &< nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+
+-- overright
+SELECT nummultirange() &> 'empty'::numrange;
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &> 'empty'::numrange;
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange &> nummultirange();
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange &> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange() &> nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange() &> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) &> nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> numrange(6,7);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> numrange(1,2);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> numrange(1,4);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> numrange(1,6);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> numrange(3.5,6);
+SELECT numrange(3,4) &> nummultirange(numrange(6,7));
+SELECT numrange(3,4) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT numrange(3,4) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,4));
+SELECT numrange(3,4) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,6));
+SELECT numrange(3,4) &> nummultirange(numrange(3.5,6));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> nummultirange(numrange(6,7));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> nummultirange(numrange(1,6));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) &> nummultirange(numrange(3.5,6));
+
+-- meets
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange -|- nummultirange();
+SELECT 'empty'::numrange -|- nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange() -|- 'empty'::numrange;
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- 'empty'::numrange;
+SELECT nummultirange() -|- nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange() -|- nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT numrange(1,2) -|- nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+SELECT numrange(1,2) -|- nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- numrange(2,4);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- numrange(3,4);
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(5,6)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(5,6)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(6,7));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(5,6)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(8,9));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) -|- nummultirange(numrange(2,4), numrange(6,7));
+
+-- strictly left
+select 'empty'::numrange << nummultirange();
+select numrange(1,2) << nummultirange();
+select numrange(1,2) << nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+select numrange(1,2) << nummultirange(numrange(0,4));
+select numrange(1,2) << nummultirange(numrange(0,4), numrange(7,8));
+select nummultirange() << 'empty'::numrange;
+select nummultirange() << numrange(1,2);
+select nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) << numrange(3,6);
+select nummultirange(numrange(0,2)) << numrange(3,6);
+select nummultirange(numrange(0,2), numrange(7,8)) << numrange(3,6);
+select nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(0,2)) << numrange(3,6);
+select nummultirange() << nummultirange();
+select nummultirange() << nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) << nummultirange();
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) << nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) << nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) << nummultirange(numrange(3,4), numrange(7,8));
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) << nummultirange(numrange(3,4), numrange(7,8));
+
+-- strictly right
+select nummultirange() >> 'empty'::numrange;
+select nummultirange() >> numrange(1,2);
+select nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) >> numrange(1,2);
+select nummultirange(numrange(0,4)) >> numrange(1,2);
+select nummultirange(numrange(0,4), numrange(7,8)) >> numrange(1,2);
+select 'empty'::numrange >> nummultirange();
+select numrange(1,2) >> nummultirange();
+select numrange(3,6) >> nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+select numrange(3,6) >> nummultirange(numrange(0,2));
+select numrange(3,6) >> nummultirange(numrange(0,2), numrange(7,8));
+select numrange(3,6) >> nummultirange(numrange(-4,-2), numrange(0,2));
+select nummultirange() >> nummultirange();
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) >> nummultirange();
+select nummultirange() >> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+select nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) >> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+select nummultirange(numrange(3,4)) >> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+select nummultirange(numrange(3,4), numrange(7,8)) >> nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+select nummultirange(numrange(3,4), numrange(7,8)) >> nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5));
+
+-- union
+SELECT nummultirange() + nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange() + nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) + nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) + nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) + nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) + nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) + nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) + nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) + nummultirange(numrange(0,9));
+
+-- merge
+SELECT range_merge(nummultirange());
+SELECT range_merge(nummultirange(numrange(1,2)));
+SELECT range_merge(nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(7,8)));
+
+-- minus
+SELECT nummultirange() - nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange() - nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) - nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(3,4)) - nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) - nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) - nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) - nummultirange(numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) - nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) - nummultirange(numrange(2,3));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) - nummultirange(numrange(0,8));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,4)) - nummultirange(numrange(0,2));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,8)) - nummultirange(numrange(0,2), numrange(3,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,8)) - nummultirange(numrange(2,3), numrange(5,null));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(-2,0));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(2,4));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(3,5));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(0,9));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,3), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(2,9));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(8,9));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2), numrange(4,5)) - nummultirange(numrange(-2,0), numrange(8,9));
+
+-- intersection
+SELECT nummultirange() * nummultirange();
+SELECT nummultirange() * nummultirange(numrange(1,2));
+SELECT nummultirange(numrange(1,2)) * nummultirange();
+SELECT '{[1,3)}'::nummultirange * '{[1,5)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,3)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,5)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,3)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,2)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,3)}'::nummultirange * '{[2,5)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,4)}'::nummultirange * '{[2,3)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,4)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,2), [3,5)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,4), [7,10)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,8), [9,12)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,4), [7,10)}'::nummultirange * '{[9,12)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,4), [7,10)}'::nummultirange * '{[-5,-4), [5,6), [9,12)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,4), [7,10)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,2), [3,8), [9,12)}'::nummultirange;
+SELECT '{[1,4), [7,10)}'::nummultirange * '{[0,2), [3,8), [9,12)}'::nummultirange;
+
+-- test GiST index
+create table test_multirange_gist(mr int4multirange);
+insert into test_multirange_gist select int4multirange(int4range(g, g+10),int4range(g+20, g+30),int4range(g+40, g+50)) from generate_series(1,2000) g;
+insert into test_multirange_gist select '{}'::int4multirange from generate_series(1,500) g;
+insert into test_multirange_gist select int4multirange(int4range(g, g+10000)) from generate_series(1,1000) g;
+insert into test_multirange_gist select int4multirange(int4range(NULL, g*10, '(]'), int4range(g*10, g*20, '(]')) from generate_series(1,100) g;
+insert into test_multirange_gist select int4multirange(int4range(g*10, g*20, '(]'), int4range(g*20, NULL, '(]')) from generate_series(1,100) g;
+create index test_mulrirange_gist_idx on test_multirange_gist using gist (mr);
+
+-- test statistics and selectivity estimation as well
+--
+-- We don't check the accuracy of selectivity estimation, but at least check
+-- it doesn't fall.
+analyze test_multirange_gist;
+
+-- first, verify non-indexed results
+SET enable_seqscan    = t;
+SET enable_indexscan  = f;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr = '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- '{}'::int4multirange;
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr = int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40), int4range(50,60));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> 10;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ int4range(10,50);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ '{(10,30),(40,60),(70,90)}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+
+-- now check same queries using index
+SET enable_seqscan    = f;
+SET enable_indexscan  = t;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr = '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- '{}'::int4multirange;
+
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr = int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40), int4range(50,60));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> 10;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ int4range(10,50);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr @> int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr && '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr <@ '{(10,30),(40,60),(70,90)}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr << int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr >> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &< int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr &> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_multirange_gist where mr -|- int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+
+drop table test_multirange_gist;
+
+--
+-- range_agg function
+--
+create table reservations ( room_id integer not null, booked_during daterange );
+insert into reservations values
+-- 1: has a meets and a gap
+(1, daterange('2018-07-01', '2018-07-07')),
+(1, daterange('2018-07-07', '2018-07-14')),
+(1, daterange('2018-07-20', '2018-07-22')),
+-- 2: just a single row
+(2, daterange('2018-07-01', '2018-07-03')),
+-- 3: one null range
+(3, NULL),
+-- 4: two null ranges
+(4, NULL),
+(4, NULL),
+-- 5: a null range and a non-null range
+(5, NULL),
+(5, daterange('2018-07-01', '2018-07-03')),
+-- 6: has overlap
+(6, daterange('2018-07-01', '2018-07-07')),
+(6, daterange('2018-07-05', '2018-07-10')),
+-- 7: two ranges that meet: no gap or overlap
+(7, daterange('2018-07-01', '2018-07-07')),
+(7, daterange('2018-07-07', '2018-07-14')),
+-- 8: an empty range
+(8, 'empty'::daterange)
+;
+SELECT   room_id, range_agg(booked_during)
+FROM     reservations
+GROUP BY room_id
+ORDER BY room_id;
+
+-- range_agg on a custom range type too
+SELECT  range_agg(r)
+FROM    (VALUES
+          ('[a,c]'::textrange),
+          ('[b,b]'::textrange),
+          ('[c,f]'::textrange),
+          ('[g,h)'::textrange),
+          ('[h,j)'::textrange)
+        ) t(r);
+
+-- range_agg with multirange inputs
+select range_agg(nmr) from nummultirange_test;
+select range_agg(nmr) from nummultirange_test where false;
+select range_agg(null::nummultirange) from nummultirange_test;
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{}'::nummultirange), ('{}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2], [5,6]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2], [2,3]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2]}'::nummultirange), ('{[5,6]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+select range_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2]}'::nummultirange), ('{[2,3]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+
+--
+-- range_intersect_agg function
+--
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from nummultirange_test;
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from nummultirange_test where false;
+select range_intersect_agg(null::nummultirange) from nummultirange_test;
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,3]}'::nummultirange), ('{[6,12]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,6]}'::nummultirange), ('{[3,12]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,6], [10,12]}'::nummultirange), ('{[4,14]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+-- test with just one input:
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,2]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from (values ('{[1,6], [10,12]}'::nummultirange)) t(nmr);
+select range_intersect_agg(nmr) from nummultirange_test where nmr @> 4.0;
+
+create table nummultirange_test2(nmr nummultirange);
+create index nummultirange_test2_hash_idx on nummultirange_test2 using hash (nmr);
+
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test2 VALUES('{[, 5)}');
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test2 VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.2)));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test2 VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.2)));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test2 VALUES(nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.2,'()')));
+INSERT INTO nummultirange_test2 VALUES('{}');
+
+select * from nummultirange_test2 where nmr = '{}';
+select * from nummultirange_test2 where nmr = nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.2));
+select * from nummultirange_test2 where nmr = nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 2.3));
+
+set enable_nestloop=t;
+set enable_hashjoin=f;
+set enable_mergejoin=f;
+select * from nummultirange_test natural join nummultirange_test2 order by nmr;
+set enable_nestloop=f;
+set enable_hashjoin=t;
+set enable_mergejoin=f;
+select * from nummultirange_test natural join nummultirange_test2 order by nmr;
+set enable_nestloop=f;
+set enable_hashjoin=f;
+set enable_mergejoin=t;
+select * from nummultirange_test natural join nummultirange_test2 order by nmr;
+
+set enable_nestloop to default;
+set enable_hashjoin to default;
+set enable_mergejoin to default;
+
+DROP TABLE nummultirange_test2;
+
+--
+-- Test user-defined multirange of floats
+--
+
+select '{[123.001, 5.e9)}'::float8multirange @> 888.882::float8;
+create table float8multirange_test(f8mr float8multirange, i int);
+insert into float8multirange_test values(float8multirange(float8range(-100.00007, '1.111113e9')), 42);
+select * from float8multirange_test;
+drop table float8multirange_test;
+
+--
+-- Test multirange types over domains
+--
+
+create domain mydomain as int4;
+create type mydomainrange as range(subtype=mydomain);
+select '{[4,50)}'::mydomainmultirange @> 7::mydomain;
+drop domain mydomain cascade;
+
+--
+-- Test domains over multirange types
+--
+
+create domain restrictedmultirange as int4multirange check (upper(value) < 10);
+select '{[4,5)}'::restrictedmultirange @> 7;
+select '{[4,50)}'::restrictedmultirange @> 7; -- should fail
+drop domain restrictedmultirange;
+
+---
+-- Check automatic naming of multiranges
+---
+
+create type intr as range(subtype=int);
+select intr_multirange(intr(1,10));
+drop type intr;
+create type intmultirange as (x int, y int);
+create type intrange as range(subtype=int); -- should fail
+drop type intmultirange;
+create type intr_multirange as (x int, y int);
+create type intr as range(subtype=int); -- should fail
+drop type intr_multirange;
+
+--
+-- Test multiple multirange types over the same subtype and manual naming of
+-- the multirange type.
+--
+
+-- should fail
+create type textrange1 as range(subtype=text, multirange_type_name=int, collation="C");
+-- should pass
+create type textrange1 as range(subtype=text, multirange_type_name=multirange_of_text, collation="C");
+-- should pass, because existing _textrange1 is automatically renamed
+create type textrange2 as range(subtype=text, multirange_type_name=_textrange1, collation="C");
+
+select multirange_of_text(textrange2('a','Z'));  -- should fail
+select multirange_of_text(textrange1('a','Z')) @> 'b'::text;
+select unnest(multirange_of_text(textrange1('a','b'), textrange1('d','e')));
+select _textrange1(textrange2('a','z')) @> 'b'::text;
+
+drop type textrange1;
+drop type textrange2;
+
+--
+-- Test polymorphic type system
+--
+
+create function anyarray_anymultirange_func(a anyarray, r anymultirange)
+  returns anyelement as 'select $1[1] + lower($2);' language sql;
+
+select anyarray_anymultirange_func(ARRAY[1,2], int4multirange(int4range(10,20)));
+
+-- should fail
+select anyarray_anymultirange_func(ARRAY[1,2], nummultirange(numrange(10,20)));
+
+drop function anyarray_anymultirange_func(anyarray, anymultirange);
+
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(anyelement)
+  returns anymultirange as 'select int4multirange(int4range(1,10))' language sql;
+
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(int)
+  returns anymultirange as 'select int4multirange(int4range(1,10))' language sql;
+
+create function range_add_bounds(anymultirange)
+  returns anyelement as 'select lower($1) + upper($1)' language sql;
+
+select range_add_bounds(int4multirange(int4range(1, 17)));
+select range_add_bounds(nummultirange(numrange(1.0001, 123.123)));
+
+create function multirangetypes_sql(q anymultirange, b anyarray, out c anyelement)
+  as $$ select upper($1) + $2[1] $$
+  language sql;
+
+select multirangetypes_sql(int4multirange(int4range(1,10)), ARRAY[2,20]);
+select multirangetypes_sql(nummultirange(numrange(1,10)), ARRAY[2,20]);  -- match failure
+
+create function anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(a anycompatiblearray, mr anycompatiblemultirange)
+  returns anycompatible as 'select $1[1] + lower($2);' language sql;
+
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(ARRAY[1,2], multirange(int4range(10,20)));
+
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(ARRAY[1,2], multirange(numrange(10,20)));
+
+-- should fail
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(ARRAY[1.1,2], multirange(int4range(10,20)));
+
+drop function anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblemultirange_func(anycompatiblearray, anycompatiblemultirange);
+
+create function anycompatiblerange_anycompatiblemultirange_func(r anycompatiblerange, mr anycompatiblemultirange)
+  returns anycompatible as 'select lower($1) + lower($2);' language sql;
+
+select anycompatiblerange_anycompatiblemultirange_func(int4range(1,2), multirange(int4range(10,20)));
+
+-- should fail
+select anycompatiblerange_anycompatiblemultirange_func(numrange(1,2), multirange(int4range(10,20)));
+
+drop function anycompatiblerange_anycompatiblemultirange_func(anycompatiblerange, anycompatiblemultirange);
+
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(anycompatible)
+  returns anycompatiblerange as 'select int4range(1,10)' language sql;
+
+--
+-- Arrays of multiranges
+--
+
+select ARRAY[nummultirange(numrange(1.1, 1.2)), nummultirange(numrange(12.3, 155.5))];
+
+create table i8mr_array (f1 int, f2 int8multirange[]);
+insert into i8mr_array values (42, array[int8multirange(int8range(1,10)), int8multirange(int8range(2,20))]);
+select * from i8mr_array;
+drop table i8mr_array;
+
+--
+-- Multiranges of arrays
+--
+
+select arraymultirange(arrayrange(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[2,1]));
+select arraymultirange(arrayrange(ARRAY[2,1], ARRAY[1,2]));  -- fail
+
+select array[1,1] <@ arraymultirange(arrayrange(array[1,2], array[2,1]));
+select array[1,3] <@ arraymultirange(arrayrange(array[1,2], array[2,1]));
+
+--
+-- Ranges of composites
+--
+
+create type two_ints as (a int, b int);
+create type two_ints_range as range (subtype = two_ints);
+
+-- with force_parallel_mode on, this exercises tqueue.c's range remapping
+select *, row_to_json(upper(t)) as u from
+  (values (two_ints_multirange(two_ints_range(row(1,2), row(3,4)))),
+          (two_ints_multirange(two_ints_range(row(5,6), row(7,8))))) v(t);
+
+drop type two_ints cascade;
+
+--
+-- Check behavior when subtype lacks a hash function
+--
+
+set enable_sort = off;  -- try to make it pick a hash setop implementation
+
+select '{(2,5)}'::cashmultirange except select '{(5,6)}'::cashmultirange;
+
+reset enable_sort;
+
+--
+-- OUT/INOUT/TABLE functions
+--
+
+-- infer anymultirange from anymultirange
+create function mr_outparam_succeed(i anymultirange, out r anymultirange, out t text)
+  as $$ select $1, 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+
+select * from mr_outparam_succeed(int4multirange(int4range(1,2)));
+
+-- infer anyarray from anymultirange
+create function mr_outparam_succeed2(i anymultirange, out r anyarray, out t text)
+  as $$ select ARRAY[upper($1)], 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+
+select * from mr_outparam_succeed2(int4multirange(int4range(1,2)));
+
+-- infer anyrange from anymultirange
+create function mr_outparam_succeed3(i anymultirange, out r anyrange, out t text)
+  as $$ select range_merge($1), 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+select * from mr_outparam_succeed3(int4multirange(int4range(1,2)));
+
+-- infer anymultirange from anyrange
+create function mr_outparam_succeed4(i anyrange, out r anymultirange, out t text)
+  as $$ select multirange($1), 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+
+select * from mr_outparam_succeed4(int4range(1,2));
+
+-- infer anyelement from anymultirange
+create function mr_inoutparam_succeed(out i anyelement, inout r anymultirange)
+  as $$ select upper($1), $1 $$ language sql;
+
+select * from mr_inoutparam_succeed(int4multirange(int4range(1,2)));
+
+-- infer anyelement+anymultirange from anyelement+anymultirange
+create function mr_table_succeed(i anyelement, r anymultirange) returns table(i anyelement, r anymultirange)
+  as $$ select $1, $2 $$ language sql;
+
+select * from mr_table_succeed(123, int4multirange(int4range(1,11)));
+
+-- use anymultirange in plpgsql
+create function mr_polymorphic(i anyrange) returns anymultirange
+  as $$ begin return multirange($1); end; $$ language plpgsql;
+select mr_polymorphic(int4range(1, 4));
+
+-- should fail
+create function mr_outparam_fail(i anyelement, out r anymultirange, out t text)
+  as $$ select '[1,10]', 'foo' $$ language sql;
+
+--should fail
+create function mr_inoutparam_fail(inout i anyelement, out r anymultirange)
+  as $$ select $1, '[1,10]' $$ language sql;
+
+--should fail
+create function mr_table_fail(i anyelement) returns table(i anyelement, r anymultirange)
+  as $$ select $1, '[1,10]' $$ language sql;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/mvcc.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/mvcc.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b22a86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/mvcc.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+--
+-- Verify that index scans encountering dead rows produced by an
+-- aborted subtransaction of the current transaction can utilize the
+-- kill_prio_tuple optimization
+--
+-- NB: The table size is currently *not* expected to stay the same, we
+-- don't have logic to trigger opportunistic pruning in cases like
+-- this.
+BEGIN;
+
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexonlyscan = false;
+SET LOCAL enable_bitmapscan = false;
+
+-- Can't easily use a unique index, since dead tuples can be found
+-- independent of the kill_prior_tuples optimization.
+CREATE TABLE clean_aborted_self(key int, data text);
+CREATE INDEX clean_aborted_self_key ON clean_aborted_self(key);
+INSERT INTO clean_aborted_self (key, data) VALUES (-1, 'just to allocate metapage');
+
+-- save index size from before the changes, for comparison
+SELECT pg_relation_size('clean_aborted_self_key') AS clean_aborted_self_key_before \gset
+
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+    -- iterate often enough to see index growth even on larger-than-default page sizes
+    FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP
+        BEGIN
+	    -- perform index scan over all the inserted keys to get them to be seen as dead
+            IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM clean_aborted_self WHERE key > 0 AND key < 100) THEN
+	        RAISE data_corrupted USING MESSAGE = 'these rows should not exist';
+            END IF;
+            INSERT INTO clean_aborted_self SELECT g.i, 'rolling back in a sec' FROM generate_series(1, 100) g(i);
+	    -- just some error that's not normally thrown
+	    RAISE reading_sql_data_not_permitted USING MESSAGE = 'round and round again';
+	EXCEPTION WHEN reading_sql_data_not_permitted THEN END;
+    END LOOP;
+END;$$;
+
+-- show sizes only if they differ
+SELECT :clean_aborted_self_key_before AS size_before, pg_relation_size('clean_aborted_self_key') size_after
+WHERE :clean_aborted_self_key_before != pg_relation_size('clean_aborted_self_key');
+
+ROLLBACK;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/name.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/name.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29a5d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/name.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+--
+-- NAME
+-- all inputs are silently truncated at NAMEDATALEN-1 (63) characters
+--
+
+-- fixed-length by reference
+SELECT name 'name string' = name 'name string' AS "True";
+
+SELECT name 'name string' = name 'name string ' AS "False";
+
+--
+--
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE NAME_TBL(f1 name);
+
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR');
+
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqr');
+
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdfghjkl;');
+
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('343f%2a');
+
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('d34aaasdf');
+
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+
+INSERT INTO NAME_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ');
+
+
+SELECT * FROM NAME_TBL;
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 <> '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 = '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 < '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 <= '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 > '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 >= '1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR';
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 ~ '.*';
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 !~ '.*';
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 ~ '[0-9]';
+
+SELECT c.f1 FROM NAME_TBL c WHERE c.f1 ~ '.*asdf.*';
+
+DROP TABLE NAME_TBL;
+
+DO $$
+DECLARE r text[];
+BEGIN
+  r := parse_ident('Schemax.Tabley');
+  RAISE NOTICE '%', format('%I.%I', r[1], r[2]);
+  r := parse_ident('"SchemaX"."TableY"');
+  RAISE NOTICE '%', format('%I.%I', r[1], r[2]);
+END;
+$$;
+
+SELECT parse_ident('foo.boo');
+SELECT parse_ident('foo.boo[]'); -- should fail
+SELECT parse_ident('foo.boo[]', strict => false); -- ok
+
+-- should fail
+SELECT parse_ident(' ');
+SELECT parse_ident(' .aaa');
+SELECT parse_ident(' aaa . ');
+SELECT parse_ident('aaa.a%b');
+SELECT parse_ident(E'X\rXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX');
+
+SELECT length(a[1]), length(a[2]) from parse_ident('"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx".yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy') as a ;
+
+SELECT parse_ident(' first . "  second  " ."   third   ". "  ' || repeat('x',66) || '"');
+SELECT parse_ident(' first . "  second  " ."   third   ". "  ' || repeat('x',66) || '"')::name[];
+
+SELECT parse_ident(E'"c".X XXXX\002XXXXXX');
+SELECT parse_ident('1020');
+SELECT parse_ident('10.20');
+SELECT parse_ident('.');
+SELECT parse_ident('.1020');
+SELECT parse_ident('xxx.1020');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/namespace.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/namespace.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3474f5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/namespace.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+--
+-- Regression tests for schemas (namespaces)
+--
+
+-- set the whitespace-only search_path to test that the
+-- GUC list syntax is preserved during a schema creation
+SELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', ' ', false);
+
+CREATE SCHEMA test_ns_schema_1
+       CREATE UNIQUE INDEX abc_a_idx ON abc (a)
+
+       CREATE VIEW abc_view AS
+              SELECT a+1 AS a, b+1 AS b FROM abc
+
+       CREATE TABLE abc (
+              a serial,
+              b int UNIQUE
+       );
+
+-- verify that the correct search_path restored on abort
+SET search_path to public;
+BEGIN;
+SET search_path to public, test_ns_schema_1;
+CREATE SCHEMA test_ns_schema_2
+       CREATE VIEW abc_view AS SELECT c FROM abc;
+COMMIT;
+SHOW search_path;
+
+-- verify that the correct search_path preserved
+-- after creating the schema and on commit
+BEGIN;
+SET search_path to public, test_ns_schema_1;
+CREATE SCHEMA test_ns_schema_2
+       CREATE VIEW abc_view AS SELECT a FROM abc;
+SHOW search_path;
+COMMIT;
+SHOW search_path;
+DROP SCHEMA test_ns_schema_2 CASCADE;
+
+-- verify that the objects were created
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_class WHERE relnamespace =
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'test_ns_schema_1');
+
+INSERT INTO test_ns_schema_1.abc DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO test_ns_schema_1.abc DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO test_ns_schema_1.abc DEFAULT VALUES;
+
+SELECT * FROM test_ns_schema_1.abc;
+SELECT * FROM test_ns_schema_1.abc_view;
+
+ALTER SCHEMA test_ns_schema_1 RENAME TO test_ns_schema_renamed;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_class WHERE relnamespace =
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'test_ns_schema_1');
+
+-- test IF NOT EXISTS cases
+CREATE SCHEMA test_ns_schema_renamed; -- fail, already exists
+CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS test_ns_schema_renamed; -- ok with notice
+CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS test_ns_schema_renamed -- fail, disallowed
+       CREATE TABLE abc (
+              a serial,
+              b int UNIQUE
+       );
+
+DROP SCHEMA test_ns_schema_renamed CASCADE;
+
+-- verify that the objects were dropped
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_class WHERE relnamespace =
+    (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'test_ns_schema_renamed');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/numeric.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/numeric.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c54ea52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/numeric.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1436 @@
+--
+-- NUMERIC
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE num_data (id int4, val numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_add (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_sub (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_div (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_mul (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_sqrt (id int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_ln (id int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_log10 (id int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_power_10_ln (id int4, expected numeric(210,10));
+
+CREATE TABLE num_result (id1 int4, id2 int4, result numeric(210,10));
+
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * The following EXPECTED results are computed by bc(1)
+-- * with a scale of 200
+-- ******************************
+
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,2,'-34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,2,'34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,2,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,2,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,3,'4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,3,'-4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,3,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,3,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,4,'7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,4,'-7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,4,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,4,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,5,'16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,5,'-16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,5,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,5,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,6,'93901.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,6,'-93901.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,6,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,6,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,7,'-83028485');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,7,'83028485');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,7,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,7,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,8,'74881');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,8,'-74881');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,8,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,8,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,9,'-24926804.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,9,'24926804.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,9,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,9,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,2,'-34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,2,'34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,2,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,2,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,3,'4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,3,'-4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,3,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,3,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,4,'7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,4,'-7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,4,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,4,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,5,'16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,5,'-16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,5,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,5,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,6,'93901.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,6,'-93901.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,6,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,6,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,7,'-83028485');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,7,'83028485');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,7,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,7,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,8,'74881');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,8,'-74881');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,8,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,8,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,9,'-24926804.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,9,'24926804.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,9,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,9,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (2,0,'-34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (2,0,'-34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (2,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (2,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (2,1,'-34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (2,1,'-34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (2,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (2,1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (2,2,'-68676984.430794094');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (2,2,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (2,2,'1179132047626883.596862135856320209');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (2,2,'1.00000000000000000000');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (2,3,'-34338487.905397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (2,3,'-34338496.525397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (2,3,'-147998901.44836127257');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (2,3,'-7967167.56737750510440835266');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (2,4,'-26539030.803497047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (2,4,'-42137953.627297047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (2,4,'-267821744976817.8111137106593');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (2,4,'-4.40267480046830116685');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (2,5,'-34322095.176906047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (2,5,'-34354889.253888047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (2,5,'-563049578578.769242506736077');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (2,5,'-2094.18866914563535496429');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (2,6,'-34244590.637766787');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (2,6,'-34432393.793027307');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (2,6,'-3224438592470.18449811926184222');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (2,6,'-365.68599891479766440940');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (2,7,'-117366977.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (2,7,'48689992.784602953');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (2,7,'2851072985828710.485883795');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (2,7,'.41357483778485235518');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (2,8,'-34263611.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (2,8,'-34413373.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (2,8,'-2571300635581.146276407');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (2,8,'-458.57416721727870888476');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (2,9,'-59265296.260444467');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (2,9,'-9411688.170349627');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (2,9,'855948866655588.453741509242968740');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (2,9,'1.37757299946438931811');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (3,0,'4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (3,0,'4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (3,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (3,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (3,1,'4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (3,1,'4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (3,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (3,1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (3,2,'-34338487.905397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (3,2,'34338496.525397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (3,2,'-147998901.44836127257');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (3,2,'-.00000012551512084352');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (3,3,'8.62');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (3,3,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (3,3,'18.5761');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (3,3,'1.00000000000000000000');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (3,4,'7799465.7219');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (3,4,'-7799457.1019');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (3,4,'33615678.685289');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (3,4,'.00000055260225961552');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (3,5,'16401.348491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (3,5,'-16392.728491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (3,5,'70671.23589621');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (3,5,'.00026285234387695504');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (3,6,'93905.88763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (3,6,'-93897.26763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (3,6,'404715.7995864206');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (3,6,'.00004589912234457595');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (3,7,'-83028480.69');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (3,7,'83028489.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (3,7,'-357852770.35');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (3,7,'-.00000005190989574240');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (3,8,'74885.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (3,8,'-74876.69');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (3,8,'322737.11');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (3,8,'.00005755799201399553');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (3,9,'-24926799.735047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (3,9,'24926808.355047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (3,9,'-107434525.43415438020');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (3,9,'-.00000017290624149854');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (4,0,'7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (4,0,'7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (4,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (4,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (4,1,'7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (4,1,'7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (4,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (4,1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (4,2,'-26539030.803497047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (4,2,'42137953.627297047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (4,2,'-267821744976817.8111137106593');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (4,2,'-.22713465002993920385');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (4,3,'7799465.7219');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (4,3,'7799457.1019');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (4,3,'33615678.685289');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (4,3,'1809619.81714617169373549883');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (4,4,'15598922.8238');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (4,4,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (4,4,'60831598315717.14146161');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (4,4,'1.00000000000000000000');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (4,5,'7815858.450391');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (4,5,'7783064.373409');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (4,5,'127888068979.9935054429');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (4,5,'475.66281046305802686061');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (4,6,'7893362.98953026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (4,6,'7705559.83426974');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (4,6,'732381731243.745115764094');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (4,6,'83.05996138436129499606');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (4,7,'-75229023.5881');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (4,7,'90827946.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (4,7,'-647577464846017.9715');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (4,7,'-.09393717604145131637');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (4,8,'7874342.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (4,8,'7724580.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (4,8,'584031469984.4839');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (4,8,'104.15808298366741897143');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (4,9,'-17127342.633147420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (4,9,'32726265.456947420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (4,9,'-194415646271340.1815956522980');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (4,9,'-.31289456112403769409');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (5,0,'16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (5,0,'16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (5,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (5,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (5,1,'16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (5,1,'16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (5,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (5,1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (5,2,'-34322095.176906047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (5,2,'34354889.253888047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (5,2,'-563049578578.769242506736077');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (5,2,'-.00047751189505192446');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (5,3,'16401.348491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (5,3,'16392.728491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (5,3,'70671.23589621');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (5,3,'3804.41728329466357308584');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (5,4,'7815858.450391');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (5,4,'-7783064.373409');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (5,4,'127888068979.9935054429');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (5,4,'.00210232958726897192');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (5,5,'32794.076982');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (5,5,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (5,5,'268862871.275335557081');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (5,5,'1.00000000000000000000');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (5,6,'110298.61612126');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (5,6,'-77504.53913926');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (5,6,'1539707782.76899778633766');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (5,6,'.17461941433576102689');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (5,7,'-83012087.961509');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (5,7,'83044882.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (5,7,'-1361421264394.416135');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (5,7,'-.00019748690453643710');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (5,8,'91278.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (5,8,'-58483.961509');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (5,8,'1227826639.244571');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (5,8,'.21897461960978085228');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (5,9,'-24910407.006556420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (5,9,'24943201.083538420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (5,9,'-408725765384.257043660243220');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (5,9,'-.00065780749354660427');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (6,0,'93901.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (6,0,'93901.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (6,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (6,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (6,1,'93901.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (6,1,'93901.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (6,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (6,1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (6,2,'-34244590.637766787');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (6,2,'34432393.793027307');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (6,2,'-3224438592470.18449811926184222');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (6,2,'-.00273458651128995823');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (6,3,'93905.88763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (6,3,'93897.26763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (6,3,'404715.7995864206');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (6,3,'21786.90896293735498839907');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (6,4,'7893362.98953026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (6,4,'-7705559.83426974');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (6,4,'732381731243.745115764094');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (6,4,'.01203949512295682469');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (6,5,'110298.61612126');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (6,5,'77504.53913926');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (6,5,'1539707782.76899778633766');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (6,5,'5.72674008674192359679');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (6,6,'187803.15526052');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (6,6,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (6,6,'8817506281.4517452372676676');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (6,6,'1.00000000000000000000');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (6,7,'-82934583.42236974');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (6,7,'83122386.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (6,7,'-7796505729750.37795610');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (6,7,'-.00113095617281538980');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (6,8,'168782.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (6,8,'19020.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (6,8,'7031444034.53149906');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (6,8,'1.25401073209839612184');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (6,9,'-24832902.467417160');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (6,9,'25020705.622677680');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (6,9,'-2340666225110.29929521292692920');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (6,9,'-.00376709254265256789');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (7,0,'-83028485');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (7,0,'-83028485');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (7,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (7,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (7,1,'-83028485');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (7,1,'-83028485');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (7,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (7,1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (7,2,'-117366977.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (7,2,'-48689992.784602953');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (7,2,'2851072985828710.485883795');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (7,2,'2.41794207151503385700');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (7,3,'-83028480.69');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (7,3,'-83028489.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (7,3,'-357852770.35');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (7,3,'-19264149.65197215777262180974');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (7,4,'-75229023.5881');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (7,4,'-90827946.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (7,4,'-647577464846017.9715');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (7,4,'-10.64541262725136247686');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (7,5,'-83012087.961509');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (7,5,'-83044882.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (7,5,'-1361421264394.416135');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (7,5,'-5063.62688881730941836574');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (7,6,'-82934583.42236974');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (7,6,'-83122386.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (7,6,'-7796505729750.37795610');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (7,6,'-884.20756174009028770294');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (7,7,'-166056970');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (7,7,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (7,7,'6893729321395225');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (7,7,'1.00000000000000000000');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (7,8,'-82953604');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (7,8,'-83103366');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (7,8,'-6217255985285');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (7,8,'-1108.80577182462841041118');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (7,9,'-107955289.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (7,9,'-58101680.954952580');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (7,9,'2069634775752159.035758700');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (7,9,'3.33089171198810413382');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (8,0,'74881');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (8,0,'74881');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (8,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (8,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (8,1,'74881');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (8,1,'74881');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (8,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (8,1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (8,2,'-34263611.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (8,2,'34413373.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (8,2,'-2571300635581.146276407');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (8,2,'-.00218067233500788615');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (8,3,'74885.31');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (8,3,'74876.69');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (8,3,'322737.11');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (8,3,'17373.78190255220417633410');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (8,4,'7874342.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (8,4,'-7724580.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (8,4,'584031469984.4839');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (8,4,'.00960079113741758956');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (8,5,'91278.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (8,5,'58483.961509');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (8,5,'1227826639.244571');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (8,5,'4.56673929509287019456');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (8,6,'168782.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (8,6,'-19020.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (8,6,'7031444034.53149906');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (8,6,'.79744134113322314424');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (8,7,'-82953604');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (8,7,'83103366');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (8,7,'-6217255985285');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (8,7,'-.00090187120721280172');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (8,8,'149762');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (8,8,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (8,8,'5607164161');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (8,8,'1.00000000000000000000');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (8,9,'-24851923.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (8,9,'25001685.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (8,9,'-1866544013697.195857020');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (8,9,'-.00300403532938582735');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,0,'-24926804.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,0,'-24926804.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,1,'-24926804.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,1,'-24926804.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,2,'-59265296.260444467');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,2,'9411688.170349627');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,2,'855948866655588.453741509242968740');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,2,'.72591434384152961526');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,3,'-24926799.735047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,3,'-24926808.355047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,3,'-107434525.43415438020');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,3,'-5783481.21694835730858468677');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,4,'-17127342.633147420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,4,'-32726265.456947420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,4,'-194415646271340.1815956522980');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,4,'-3.19596478892958416484');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,5,'-24910407.006556420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,5,'-24943201.083538420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,5,'-408725765384.257043660243220');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,5,'-1520.20159364322004505807');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,6,'-24832902.467417160');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,6,'-25020705.622677680');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,6,'-2340666225110.29929521292692920');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,6,'-265.45671195426965751280');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,7,'-107955289.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,7,'58101680.954952580');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,7,'2069634775752159.035758700');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,7,'.30021990699995814689');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,8,'-24851923.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,8,'-25001685.045047420');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,8,'-1866544013697.195857020');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,8,'-332.88556569820675471748');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (9,9,'-49853608.090094840');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (9,9,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (9,9,'621345559900192.420120630048656400');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (9,9,'1.00000000000000000000');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (2,'5859.90547836712524903505');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (3,'2.07605394920266944396');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (4,'2792.75158435189147418923');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (5,'128.05092147657509145473');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (6,'306.43364311096782703406');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (7,'9111.99676251039939975230');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (8,'273.64392922189960397542');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (9,'4992.67503899937593364766');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (2,'17.35177750493897715514');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (3,'1.46093790411565641971');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (4,'15.86956523951936572464');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (5,'9.70485601768871834038');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (6,'11.45000246622944403127');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (7,'18.23469429965478772991');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (8,'11.22365546576315513668');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (9,'17.03145425013166006962');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (2,'7.53578122160797276459');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (3,'.63447727016073160075');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (4,'6.89206461372691743345');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (5,'4.21476541614777768626');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (6,'4.97267288886207207671');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (7,'7.91922711353275546914');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (8,'4.87437163556421004138');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (9,'7.39666659961986567059');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (1,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (2,'224790267919917955.13261618583642653184');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (3,'28.90266599445155957393');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (4,'7405685069594999.07733999469386277636');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (5,'5068226527.32127265408584640098');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (6,'281839893606.99372343357047819067');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (7,'1716699575118597095.42330819910640247627');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (8,'167361463828.07491320069016125952');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (9,'107511333880052007.04141124673540337457');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (0, '0');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (1, '0');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (2, '-34338492.215397047');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (3, '4.31');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (4, '7799461.4119');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (5, '16397.038491');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (6, '93901.57763026');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (7, '-83028485');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (8, '74881');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (9, '-24926804.045047420');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Create indices for faster checks
+-- ******************************
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_add_idx ON num_exp_add (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_sub_idx ON num_exp_sub (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_div_idx ON num_exp_div (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_mul_idx ON num_exp_mul (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_sqrt_idx ON num_exp_sqrt (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_ln_idx ON num_exp_ln (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_log10_idx ON num_exp_log10 (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_power_10_ln_idx ON num_exp_power_10_ln (id);
+
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_add;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_sub;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_div;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_mul;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_sqrt;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_ln;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_log10;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_power_10_ln;
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Now check the behaviour of the NUMERIC type
+-- ******************************
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Addition check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val + t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_add t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val + t2.val, 10)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 10) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_add t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 10);
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Subtraction check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val - t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sub t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val - t2.val, 40)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 40)
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sub t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 40);
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Multiply check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val * t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_mul t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val * t2.val, 30)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 30) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_mul t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 30);
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Division check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val / t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2
+    WHERE t2.val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_div t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val / t2.val, 80)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2
+    WHERE t2.val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 80) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_div t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 80);
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Square root check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, SQRT(ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sqrt t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Natural logarithm check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, LN(ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_ln t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Logarithm base 10 check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, LOG(numeric '10', ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_log10 t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * POWER(10, LN(value)) check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, POWER(numeric '10', LN(ABS(round(val,200))))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_power_10_ln t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Check behavior with Inf and NaN inputs.  It's easiest to handle these
+-- * separately from the num_data framework used above, because some input
+-- * combinations will throw errors.
+-- ******************************
+
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('-1'),('4.2'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x1, x2,
+  x1 + x2 AS sum,
+  x1 - x2 AS diff,
+  x1 * x2 AS prod
+FROM v AS v1(x1), v AS v2(x2);
+
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('-1'),('4.2'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x1, x2,
+  x1 / x2 AS quot,
+  x1 % x2 AS mod,
+  div(x1, x2) AS div
+FROM v AS v1(x1), v AS v2(x2) WHERE x2 != 0;
+
+SELECT 'inf'::numeric / '0';
+SELECT '-inf'::numeric / '0';
+SELECT 'nan'::numeric / '0';
+SELECT '0'::numeric / '0';
+SELECT 'inf'::numeric % '0';
+SELECT '-inf'::numeric % '0';
+SELECT 'nan'::numeric % '0';
+SELECT '0'::numeric % '0';
+SELECT div('inf'::numeric, '0');
+SELECT div('-inf'::numeric, '0');
+SELECT div('nan'::numeric, '0');
+SELECT div('0'::numeric, '0');
+
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('-1'),('4.2'),('-7.777'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x, -x as minusx, abs(x), floor(x), ceil(x), sign(x), numeric_inc(x) as inc
+FROM v;
+
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('-1'),('4.2'),('-7.777'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x, round(x), round(x,1) as round1, trunc(x), trunc(x,1) as trunc1
+FROM v;
+
+-- the large values fall into the numeric abbreviation code's maximal classes
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('-1'),('4.2'),('-7.777'),('1e340'),('-1e340'),
+         ('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'),
+         ('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT substring(x::text, 1, 32)
+FROM v ORDER BY x;
+
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('4.2'),('inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x, sqrt(x)
+FROM v;
+
+SELECT sqrt('-1'::numeric);
+SELECT sqrt('-inf'::numeric);
+
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('1'::numeric),('4.2'),('inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x,
+  log(x),
+  log10(x),
+  ln(x)
+FROM v;
+
+SELECT ln('0'::numeric);
+SELECT ln('-1'::numeric);
+SELECT ln('-inf'::numeric);
+
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('2'::numeric),('4.2'),('inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x1, x2,
+  log(x1, x2)
+FROM v AS v1(x1), v AS v2(x2);
+
+SELECT log('0'::numeric, '10');
+SELECT log('10'::numeric, '0');
+SELECT log('-inf'::numeric, '10');
+SELECT log('10'::numeric, '-inf');
+SELECT log('inf'::numeric, '0');
+SELECT log('inf'::numeric, '-inf');
+SELECT log('-inf'::numeric, 'inf');
+
+WITH v(x) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('1'),('2'),('4.2'),('inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT x1, x2,
+  power(x1, x2)
+FROM v AS v1(x1), v AS v2(x2) WHERE x1 != 0 OR x2 >= 0;
+
+SELECT power('0'::numeric, '-1');
+SELECT power('0'::numeric, '-inf');
+SELECT power('-1'::numeric, 'inf');
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, '3');
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, '3.3');
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, '-1');
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, '-1.5');
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, 'inf');
+SELECT power('-2'::numeric, '-inf');
+SELECT power('inf'::numeric, '-2');
+SELECT power('inf'::numeric, '-inf');
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '2');
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '3');
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '4.5');
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '-2');
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '-3');
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '0');
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, 'inf');
+SELECT power('-inf'::numeric, '-inf');
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * miscellaneous checks for things that have been broken in the past...
+-- ******************************
+-- numeric AVG used to fail on some platforms
+SELECT AVG(val) FROM num_data;
+SELECT MAX(val) FROM num_data;
+SELECT MIN(val) FROM num_data;
+SELECT STDDEV(val) FROM num_data;
+SELECT VARIANCE(val) FROM num_data;
+
+-- Check for appropriate rounding and overflow
+CREATE TABLE fract_only (id int, val numeric(4,4));
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (1, '0.0');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (2, '0.1');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (3, '1.0');	-- should fail
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (4, '-0.9999');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (5, '0.99994');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (6, '0.99995');  -- should fail
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (7, '0.00001');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (8, '0.00017');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (9, 'NaN');
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (10, 'Inf');	-- should fail
+INSERT INTO fract_only VALUES (11, '-Inf');	-- should fail
+SELECT * FROM fract_only;
+DROP TABLE fract_only;
+
+-- Check conversion to integers
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808.5)::int8; -- should fail
+SELECT (-9223372036854775808.4)::int8; -- ok
+SELECT 9223372036854775807.4::int8; -- ok
+SELECT 9223372036854775807.5::int8; -- should fail
+SELECT (-2147483648.5)::int4; -- should fail
+SELECT (-2147483648.4)::int4; -- ok
+SELECT 2147483647.4::int4; -- ok
+SELECT 2147483647.5::int4; -- should fail
+SELECT (-32768.5)::int2; -- should fail
+SELECT (-32768.4)::int2; -- ok
+SELECT 32767.4::int2; -- ok
+SELECT 32767.5::int2; -- should fail
+
+-- Check inf/nan conversion behavior
+SELECT 'NaN'::float8::numeric;
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float8::numeric;
+SELECT '-Infinity'::float8::numeric;
+SELECT 'NaN'::numeric::float8;
+SELECT 'Infinity'::numeric::float8;
+SELECT '-Infinity'::numeric::float8;
+SELECT 'NaN'::float4::numeric;
+SELECT 'Infinity'::float4::numeric;
+SELECT '-Infinity'::float4::numeric;
+SELECT 'NaN'::numeric::float4;
+SELECT 'Infinity'::numeric::float4;
+SELECT '-Infinity'::numeric::float4;
+SELECT '42'::int2::numeric;
+SELECT 'NaN'::numeric::int2;
+SELECT 'Infinity'::numeric::int2;
+SELECT '-Infinity'::numeric::int2;
+SELECT 'NaN'::numeric::int4;
+SELECT 'Infinity'::numeric::int4;
+SELECT '-Infinity'::numeric::int4;
+SELECT 'NaN'::numeric::int8;
+SELECT 'Infinity'::numeric::int8;
+SELECT '-Infinity'::numeric::int8;
+
+-- Simple check that ceil(), floor(), and round() work correctly
+CREATE TABLE ceil_floor_round (a numeric);
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-5.5');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-5.499999');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('9.5');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('9.4999999');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('0.0');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('0.0000001');
+INSERT INTO ceil_floor_round VALUES ('-0.000001');
+SELECT a, ceil(a), ceiling(a), floor(a), round(a) FROM ceil_floor_round;
+DROP TABLE ceil_floor_round;
+
+-- Check rounding, it should round ties away from zero.
+SELECT i as pow,
+	round((-2.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i),
+	round((-1.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i),
+	round((-0.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i),
+	round((0.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i),
+	round((1.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i),
+	round((2.5 * 10 ^ i)::numeric, -i)
+FROM generate_series(-5,5) AS t(i);
+
+-- Testing for width_bucket(). For convenience, we test both the
+-- numeric and float8 versions of the function in this file.
+
+-- errors
+SELECT width_bucket(5.0, 3.0, 4.0, 0);
+SELECT width_bucket(5.0, 3.0, 4.0, -5);
+SELECT width_bucket(3.5, 3.0, 3.0, 888);
+SELECT width_bucket(5.0::float8, 3.0::float8, 4.0::float8, 0);
+SELECT width_bucket(5.0::float8, 3.0::float8, 4.0::float8, -5);
+SELECT width_bucket(3.5::float8, 3.0::float8, 3.0::float8, 888);
+SELECT width_bucket('NaN', 3.0, 4.0, 888);
+SELECT width_bucket(0::float8, 'NaN', 4.0::float8, 888);
+SELECT width_bucket(2.0, 3.0, '-inf', 888);
+SELECT width_bucket(0::float8, '-inf', 4.0::float8, 888);
+
+-- normal operation
+CREATE TABLE width_bucket_test (operand_num numeric, operand_f8 float8);
+
+COPY width_bucket_test (operand_num) FROM stdin;
+-5.2
+-0.0000000001
+0.000000000001
+1
+1.99999999999999
+2
+2.00000000000001
+3
+4
+4.5
+5
+5.5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+9.99999999999999
+10
+10.0000000000001
+\.
+
+UPDATE width_bucket_test SET operand_f8 = operand_num::float8;
+
+SELECT
+    operand_num,
+    width_bucket(operand_num, 0, 10, 5) AS wb_1,
+    width_bucket(operand_f8, 0, 10, 5) AS wb_1f,
+    width_bucket(operand_num, 10, 0, 5) AS wb_2,
+    width_bucket(operand_f8, 10, 0, 5) AS wb_2f,
+    width_bucket(operand_num, 2, 8, 4) AS wb_3,
+    width_bucket(operand_f8, 2, 8, 4) AS wb_3f,
+    width_bucket(operand_num, 5.0, 5.5, 20) AS wb_4,
+    width_bucket(operand_f8, 5.0, 5.5, 20) AS wb_4f,
+    width_bucket(operand_num, -25, 25, 10) AS wb_5,
+    width_bucket(operand_f8, -25, 25, 10) AS wb_5f
+    FROM width_bucket_test;
+
+-- Check positive and negative infinity: we require
+-- finite bucket bounds, but allow an infinite operand
+SELECT width_bucket(0.0::numeric, 'Infinity'::numeric, 5, 10); -- error
+SELECT width_bucket(0.0::numeric, 5, '-Infinity'::numeric, 20); -- error
+SELECT width_bucket('Infinity'::numeric, 1, 10, 10),
+       width_bucket('-Infinity'::numeric, 1, 10, 10);
+SELECT width_bucket(0.0::float8, 'Infinity'::float8, 5, 10); -- error
+SELECT width_bucket(0.0::float8, 5, '-Infinity'::float8, 20); -- error
+SELECT width_bucket('Infinity'::float8, 1, 10, 10),
+       width_bucket('-Infinity'::float8, 1, 10, 10);
+
+DROP TABLE width_bucket_test;
+
+-- Simple test for roundoff error when results should be exact
+SELECT x, width_bucket(x::float8, 10, 100, 9) as flt,
+       width_bucket(x::numeric, 10, 100, 9) as num
+FROM generate_series(0, 110, 10) x;
+SELECT x, width_bucket(x::float8, 100, 10, 9) as flt,
+       width_bucket(x::numeric, 100, 10, 9) as num
+FROM generate_series(0, 110, 10) x;
+
+--
+-- TO_CHAR()
+--
+SELECT to_char(val, '9G999G999G999G999G999')
+	FROM num_data;
+
+SELECT to_char(val, '9G999G999G999G999G999D999G999G999G999G999')
+	FROM num_data;
+
+SELECT to_char(val, '9999999999999999.999999999999999PR')
+	FROM num_data;
+
+SELECT to_char(val, '9999999999999999.999999999999999S')
+	FROM num_data;
+
+SELECT to_char(val, 'MI9999999999999999.999999999999999')     FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FMS9999999999999999.999999999999999')    FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999999999999.999999999999999THPR') FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'SG9999999999999999.999999999999999th')   FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, '0999999999999999.999999999999999')       FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'S0999999999999999.999999999999999')      FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM0999999999999999.999999999999999')     FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999999999999.099999999999999') 	FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999999990999.990999999999999') 	FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM0999999999999999.999909999999999') 	FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999990999999.099999999999999') 	FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'L9999999999999999.099999999999999')	FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999999999999.99999999999999')	FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'S 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9') FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FMS 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9') FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, E'99999 "text" 9999 "9999" 999 "\\"text between quote marks\\"" 9999') FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, '999999SG9999999999')			FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, 'FM9999999999999999.999999999999999')	FROM num_data;
+SELECT to_char(val, '9.999EEEE')				FROM num_data;
+
+WITH v(val) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('-4.2'),('4.2e9'),('1.2e-5'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT val,
+  to_char(val, '9.999EEEE') as numeric,
+  to_char(val::float8, '9.999EEEE') as float8,
+  to_char(val::float4, '9.999EEEE') as float4
+FROM v;
+
+WITH v(exp) AS
+  (VALUES(-16379),(-16378),(-1234),(-789),(-45),(-5),(-4),(-3),(-2),(-1),(0),
+         (1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(38),(275),(2345),(45678),(131070),(131071))
+SELECT exp,
+  to_char(('1.2345e'||exp)::numeric, '9.999EEEE') as numeric
+FROM v;
+
+WITH v(val) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('-4.2'),('4.2e9'),('1.2e-5'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT val,
+  to_char(val, 'MI9999999999.99') as numeric,
+  to_char(val::float8, 'MI9999999999.99') as float8,
+  to_char(val::float4, 'MI9999999999.99') as float4
+FROM v;
+
+WITH v(val) AS
+  (VALUES('0'::numeric),('-4.2'),('4.2e9'),('1.2e-5'),('inf'),('-inf'),('nan'))
+SELECT val,
+  to_char(val, 'MI99.99') as numeric,
+  to_char(val::float8, 'MI99.99') as float8,
+  to_char(val::float4, 'MI99.99') as float4
+FROM v;
+
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'FM999.9');
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'FM999.');
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'FM999');
+SELECT to_char('12345678901'::float8, 'FM9999999999D9999900000000000000000');
+
+-- Check parsing of literal text in a format string
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'foo999');
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f\oo999');
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f\\oo999');
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f\"oo999');
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f\\"oo999');
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f"ool"999');
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f"\ool"999');
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f"\\ool"999');
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f"ool\"999');
+SELECT to_char('100'::numeric, 'f"ool\\"999');
+
+-- TO_NUMBER()
+--
+SET lc_numeric = 'C';
+SELECT to_number('-34,338,492', '99G999G999');
+SELECT to_number('-34,338,492.654,878', '99G999G999D999G999');
+SELECT to_number('<564646.654564>', '999999.999999PR');
+SELECT to_number('0.00001-', '9.999999S');
+SELECT to_number('5.01-', 'FM9.999999S');
+SELECT to_number('5.01-', 'FM9.999999MI');
+SELECT to_number('5 4 4 4 4 8 . 7 8', '9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 9');
+SELECT to_number('.01', 'FM9.99');
+SELECT to_number('.0', '99999999.99999999');
+SELECT to_number('0', '99.99');
+SELECT to_number('.-01', 'S99.99');
+SELECT to_number('.01-', '99.99S');
+SELECT to_number(' . 0 1-', ' 9 9 . 9 9 S');
+SELECT to_number('34,50','999,99');
+SELECT to_number('123,000','999G');
+SELECT to_number('123456','999G999');
+SELECT to_number('$1234.56','L9,999.99');
+SELECT to_number('$1234.56','L99,999.99');
+SELECT to_number('$1,234.56','L99,999.99');
+SELECT to_number('1234.56','L99,999.99');
+SELECT to_number('1,234.56','L99,999.99');
+SELECT to_number('42nd', '99th');
+RESET lc_numeric;
+
+--
+-- Input syntax
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE num_input_test (n1 numeric);
+
+-- good inputs
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' 123');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('   3245874    ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('  -93853');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('555.50');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('-555.50');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('NaN ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('        nan');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' inf ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' +inf ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' -inf ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' Infinity ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' +inFinity ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' -INFINITY ');
+
+-- bad inputs
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('     ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('   1234   %');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('xyz');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('- 1234');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('5 . 0');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('5. 0   ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES (' N aN ');
+INSERT INTO num_input_test(n1) VALUES ('+ infinity');
+
+SELECT * FROM num_input_test;
+
+--
+-- Test precision and scale typemods
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE num_typemod_test (
+  millions numeric(3, -6),
+  thousands numeric(3, -3),
+  units numeric(3, 0),
+  thousandths numeric(3, 3),
+  millionths numeric(3, 6)
+);
+\d num_typemod_test
+
+-- rounding of valid inputs
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (123456, 123, 0.123, 0.000123, 0.000000123);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (654321, 654, 0.654, 0.000654, 0.000000654);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (2345678, 2345, 2.345, 0.002345, 0.000002345);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (7654321, 7654, 7.654, 0.007654, 0.000007654);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (12345678, 12345, 12.345, 0.012345, 0.000012345);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (87654321, 87654, 87.654, 0.087654, 0.000087654);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (123456789, 123456, 123.456, 0.123456, 0.000123456);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES (987654321, 987654, 987.654, 0.987654, 0.000987654);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test VALUES ('NaN', 'NaN', 'NaN', 'NaN', 'NaN');
+
+SELECT scale(millions), * FROM num_typemod_test ORDER BY millions;
+
+-- invalid inputs
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (millions) VALUES ('inf');
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (millions) VALUES (999500000);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (thousands) VALUES (999500);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (units) VALUES (999.5);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (thousandths) VALUES (0.9995);
+INSERT INTO num_typemod_test (millionths) VALUES (0.0009995);
+
+--
+-- Test some corner cases for multiplication
+--
+
+select 4790999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 * 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999;
+
+select 4789999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 * 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999;
+
+select 4770999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 * 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999;
+
+select 4769999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 * 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999;
+
+select trim_scale((0.1 - 2e-16383) * (0.1 - 3e-16383));
+
+--
+-- Test some corner cases for division
+--
+
+select 999999999999999999999::numeric/1000000000000000000000;
+select div(999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000);
+select mod(999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000);
+select div(-9999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000);
+select mod(-9999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000);
+select div(-9999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000)*1000000000000000000000 + mod(-9999999999999999999999::numeric,1000000000000000000000);
+select mod (70.0,70) ;
+select div (70.0,70) ;
+select 70.0 / 70 ;
+select 12345678901234567890 % 123;
+select 12345678901234567890 / 123;
+select div(12345678901234567890, 123);
+select div(12345678901234567890, 123) * 123 + 12345678901234567890 % 123;
+
+--
+-- Test some corner cases for square root
+--
+
+select sqrt(1.000000000000003::numeric);
+select sqrt(1.000000000000004::numeric);
+select sqrt(96627521408608.56340355805::numeric);
+select sqrt(96627521408608.56340355806::numeric);
+select sqrt(515549506212297735.073688290367::numeric);
+select sqrt(515549506212297735.073688290368::numeric);
+select sqrt(8015491789940783531003294973900306::numeric);
+select sqrt(8015491789940783531003294973900307::numeric);
+
+--
+-- Test code path for raising to integer powers
+--
+
+select 10.0 ^ -2147483648 as rounds_to_zero;
+select 10.0 ^ -2147483647 as rounds_to_zero;
+select 10.0 ^ 2147483647 as overflows;
+select 117743296169.0 ^ 1000000000 as overflows;
+
+-- cases that used to return inaccurate results
+select 3.789 ^ 21;
+select 3.789 ^ 35;
+select 1.2 ^ 345;
+select 0.12 ^ (-20);
+select 1.000000000123 ^ (-2147483648);
+select coalesce(nullif(0.9999999999 ^ 23300000000000, 0), 0) as rounds_to_zero;
+select round(((1 - 1.500012345678e-1000) ^ 1.45e1003) * 1e1000);
+
+-- cases that used to error out
+select 0.12 ^ (-25);
+select 0.5678 ^ (-85);
+select coalesce(nullif(0.9999999999 ^ 70000000000000, 0), 0) as underflows;
+
+-- negative base to integer powers
+select (-1.0) ^ 2147483646;
+select (-1.0) ^ 2147483647;
+select (-1.0) ^ 2147483648;
+select (-1.0) ^ 1000000000000000;
+select (-1.0) ^ 1000000000000001;
+
+--
+-- Tests for raising to non-integer powers
+--
+
+-- special cases
+select 0.0 ^ 0.0;
+select (-12.34) ^ 0.0;
+select 12.34 ^ 0.0;
+select 0.0 ^ 12.34;
+
+-- NaNs
+select 'NaN'::numeric ^ 'NaN'::numeric;
+select 'NaN'::numeric ^ 0;
+select 'NaN'::numeric ^ 1;
+select 0 ^ 'NaN'::numeric;
+select 1 ^ 'NaN'::numeric;
+
+-- invalid inputs
+select 0.0 ^ (-12.34);
+select (-12.34) ^ 1.2;
+
+-- cases that used to generate inaccurate results
+select 32.1 ^ 9.8;
+select 32.1 ^ (-9.8);
+select 12.3 ^ 45.6;
+select 12.3 ^ (-45.6);
+
+-- big test
+select 1.234 ^ 5678;
+
+--
+-- Tests for EXP()
+--
+
+-- special cases
+select exp(0.0);
+select exp(1.0);
+select exp(1.0::numeric(71,70));
+select exp('nan'::numeric);
+select exp('inf'::numeric);
+select exp('-inf'::numeric);
+select coalesce(nullif(exp(-5000::numeric), 0), 0) as rounds_to_zero;
+select coalesce(nullif(exp(-10000::numeric), 0), 0) as underflows;
+
+-- cases that used to generate inaccurate results
+select exp(32.999);
+select exp(-32.999);
+select exp(123.456);
+select exp(-123.456);
+
+-- big test
+select exp(1234.5678);
+
+--
+-- Tests for generate_series
+--
+select * from generate_series(0.0::numeric, 4.0::numeric);
+select * from generate_series(0.1::numeric, 4.0::numeric, 1.3::numeric);
+select * from generate_series(4.0::numeric, -1.5::numeric, -2.2::numeric);
+-- Trigger errors
+select * from generate_series(-100::numeric, 100::numeric, 0::numeric);
+select * from generate_series(-100::numeric, 100::numeric, 'nan'::numeric);
+select * from generate_series('nan'::numeric, 100::numeric, 10::numeric);
+select * from generate_series(0::numeric, 'nan'::numeric, 10::numeric);
+select * from generate_series('inf'::numeric, 'inf'::numeric, 10::numeric);
+select * from generate_series(0::numeric, 'inf'::numeric, 10::numeric);
+select * from generate_series(0::numeric, '42'::numeric, '-inf'::numeric);
+-- Checks maximum, output is truncated
+select (i / (10::numeric ^ 131071))::numeric(1,0)
+	from generate_series(6 * (10::numeric ^ 131071),
+			     9 * (10::numeric ^ 131071),
+			     10::numeric ^ 131071) as a(i);
+-- Check usage with variables
+select * from generate_series(1::numeric, 3::numeric) i, generate_series(i,3) j;
+select * from generate_series(1::numeric, 3::numeric) i, generate_series(1,i) j;
+select * from generate_series(1::numeric, 3::numeric) i, generate_series(1,5,i) j;
+
+--
+-- Tests for LN()
+--
+
+-- Invalid inputs
+select ln(-12.34);
+select ln(0.0);
+
+-- Some random tests
+select ln(1.2345678e-28);
+select ln(0.0456789);
+select ln(0.349873948359354029493948309745709580730482050975);
+select ln(0.99949452);
+select ln(1.00049687395);
+select ln(1234.567890123456789);
+select ln(5.80397490724e5);
+select ln(9.342536355e34);
+
+--
+-- Tests for LOG() (base 10)
+--
+
+-- invalid inputs
+select log(-12.34);
+select log(0.0);
+
+-- some random tests
+select log(1.234567e-89);
+select log(3.4634998359873254962349856073435545);
+select log(9.999999999999999999);
+select log(10.00000000000000000);
+select log(10.00000000000000001);
+select log(590489.45235237);
+
+--
+-- Tests for LOG() (arbitrary base)
+--
+
+-- invalid inputs
+select log(-12.34, 56.78);
+select log(-12.34, -56.78);
+select log(12.34, -56.78);
+select log(0.0, 12.34);
+select log(12.34, 0.0);
+select log(1.0, 12.34);
+
+-- some random tests
+select log(1.23e-89, 6.4689e45);
+select log(0.99923, 4.58934e34);
+select log(1.000016, 8.452010e18);
+select log(3.1954752e47, 9.4792021e-73);
+
+--
+-- Tests for scale()
+--
+
+select scale(numeric 'NaN');
+select scale(numeric 'inf');
+select scale(NULL::numeric);
+select scale(1.12);
+select scale(0);
+select scale(0.00);
+select scale(1.12345);
+select scale(110123.12475871856128);
+select scale(-1123.12471856128);
+select scale(-13.000000000000000);
+
+--
+-- Tests for min_scale()
+--
+
+select min_scale(numeric 'NaN') is NULL; -- should be true
+select min_scale(numeric 'inf') is NULL; -- should be true
+select min_scale(0);                     -- no digits
+select min_scale(0.00);                  -- no digits again
+select min_scale(1.0);                   -- no scale
+select min_scale(1.1);                   -- scale 1
+select min_scale(1.12);                  -- scale 2
+select min_scale(1.123);                 -- scale 3
+select min_scale(1.1234);                -- scale 4, filled digit
+select min_scale(1.12345);               -- scale 5, 2 NDIGITS
+select min_scale(1.1000);                -- 1 pos in NDIGITS
+select min_scale(1e100);                 -- very big number
+
+--
+-- Tests for trim_scale()
+--
+
+select trim_scale(numeric 'NaN');
+select trim_scale(numeric 'inf');
+select trim_scale(1.120);
+select trim_scale(0);
+select trim_scale(0.00);
+select trim_scale(1.1234500);
+select trim_scale(110123.12475871856128000);
+select trim_scale(-1123.124718561280000000);
+select trim_scale(-13.00000000000000000000);
+select trim_scale(1e100);
+
+--
+-- Tests for SUM()
+--
+
+-- cases that need carry propagation
+SELECT SUM(9999::numeric) FROM generate_series(1, 100000);
+SELECT SUM((-9999)::numeric) FROM generate_series(1, 100000);
+
+--
+-- Tests for VARIANCE()
+--
+CREATE TABLE num_variance (a numeric);
+INSERT INTO num_variance VALUES (0);
+INSERT INTO num_variance VALUES (3e-500);
+INSERT INTO num_variance VALUES (-3e-500);
+INSERT INTO num_variance VALUES (4e-500 - 1e-16383);
+INSERT INTO num_variance VALUES (-4e-500 + 1e-16383);
+
+-- variance is just under 12.5e-1000 and so should round down to 12e-1000
+SELECT trim_scale(variance(a) * 1e1000) FROM num_variance;
+
+-- check that parallel execution produces the same result
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE num_variance SET (parallel_workers = 4);
+SET LOCAL parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+SET LOCAL max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 4;
+SELECT trim_scale(variance(a) * 1e1000) FROM num_variance;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- case where sum of squares would overflow but variance does not
+DELETE FROM num_variance;
+INSERT INTO num_variance SELECT 9e131071 + x FROM generate_series(1, 5) x;
+SELECT variance(a) FROM num_variance;
+
+-- check that parallel execution produces the same result
+BEGIN;
+ALTER TABLE num_variance SET (parallel_workers = 4);
+SET LOCAL parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+SET LOCAL max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 4;
+SELECT variance(a) FROM num_variance;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+DROP TABLE num_variance;
+
+--
+-- Tests for GCD()
+--
+SELECT a, b, gcd(a, b), gcd(a, -b), gcd(-b, a), gcd(-b, -a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::numeric, 0::numeric),
+             (0::numeric, numeric 'NaN'),
+             (0::numeric, 46375::numeric),
+             (433125::numeric, 46375::numeric),
+             (43312.5::numeric, 4637.5::numeric),
+             (4331.250::numeric, 463.75000::numeric),
+             ('inf', '0'),
+             ('inf', '42'),
+             ('inf', 'inf')
+     ) AS v(a, b);
+
+--
+-- Tests for LCM()
+--
+SELECT a,b, lcm(a, b), lcm(a, -b), lcm(-b, a), lcm(-b, -a)
+FROM (VALUES (0::numeric, 0::numeric),
+             (0::numeric, numeric 'NaN'),
+             (0::numeric, 13272::numeric),
+             (13272::numeric, 13272::numeric),
+             (423282::numeric, 13272::numeric),
+             (42328.2::numeric, 1327.2::numeric),
+             (4232.820::numeric, 132.72000::numeric),
+             ('inf', '0'),
+             ('inf', '42'),
+             ('inf', 'inf')
+     ) AS v(a, b);
+
+SELECT lcm(9999 * (10::numeric)^131068 + (10::numeric^131068 - 1), 2); -- overflow
+
+--
+-- Tests for factorial
+--
+SELECT factorial(4);
+SELECT factorial(15);
+SELECT factorial(100000);
+SELECT factorial(0);
+SELECT factorial(-4);
+
+--
+-- Tests for pg_lsn()
+--
+SELECT pg_lsn(23783416::numeric);
+SELECT pg_lsn(0::numeric);
+SELECT pg_lsn(18446744073709551615::numeric);
+SELECT pg_lsn(-1::numeric);
+SELECT pg_lsn(18446744073709551616::numeric);
+SELECT pg_lsn('NaN'::numeric);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/numeric_big.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/numeric_big.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9d52d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/numeric_big.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1366 @@
+-- ******************************
+-- * Test suite for the Postgres NUMERIC data type
+-- ******************************
+
+-- Must drop tables created by short numeric test.
+DROP TABLE num_data;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_add;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_sub;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_div;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_mul;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_sqrt;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_ln;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_log10;
+DROP TABLE num_exp_power_10_ln;
+DROP TABLE num_result;
+
+CREATE TABLE num_data (id int4, val numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_add (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_sub (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_div (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_mul (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_sqrt (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_ln (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_log10 (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+CREATE TABLE num_exp_power_10_ln (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
+
+CREATE TABLE num_result (id1 int4, id2 int4, result numeric(1000,800));
+
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * The following EXPECTED results are computed by bc(1)
+-- * with a scale of 1000
+-- ******************************
+
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,1,'85243.39540024977626076239847863600785982737155858270959890014613035727868293618673807776733416230953723818527101593495895350807775607346277892835514324320448949370623441059033804864158715021903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,1,'-85243.39540024977626076239847863600785982737155858270959890014613035727868293618673807776733416230953723818527101593495895350807775607346277892835514324320448949370623441059033804864158715021903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,2,'-994877526002806872754342148749241.04353023451866590387054959174736129501310680280823383331007646306243540953499740615246583399296334239109936336446284803020643582102868247857009494139535009572740621288230740389545481395');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,2,'994877526002806872754342148749241.04353023451866590387054959174736129501310680280823383331007646306243540953499740615246583399296334239109936336446284803020643582102868247857009494139535009572740621288230740389545481395');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,2,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,2,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,3,'-60302029489319384367663884408085757480.2322712404088283093870869198708849258097125725036189625900174440196153781995220721511009855207486224837798752903681993777275846325950111427710563453217985216966456785944859989497422927661683538629473170704026975786513125842675604577233871570629808699803522400038975396500769162308448069085909755023233588510630417065084295051270219462289785473643946404281422516357503746700705970360169619852905053433235726497292406142332833');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,3,'60302029489319384367663884408085757480.2322712404088283093870869198708849258097125725036189625900174440196153781995220721511009855207486224837798752903681993777275846325950111427710563453217985216966456785944859989497422927661683538629473170704026975786513125842675604577233871570629808699803522400038975396500769162308448069085909755023233588510630417065084295051270219462289785473643946404281422516357503746700705970360169619852905053433235726497292406142332833');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,3,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,3,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,4,'5329378275943663322215245.24931765987630429629836382184742348353920297283690739124220773955591340709935970062776650204659187764581615597720798385015942389765692769739983054442503547211560297249686289665792078548480268091496050883021187158502798880896590227542729659940394038802461081290690995869705131152889309663639310553909874081663091069118126221594338242710530718836025225507189149221049928936955230868771875644038572888630664890573507822342998964954667474300944699078658989010257103569231493090050659723450626338923049035040974032671138430612839043269997482582763267536489504794826476836323549796385028155416935072959933315468068930689064483178204550825728947252440604703474049780550458442808479096492346910001692358508618202898514895453589357');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,4,'-5329378275943663322215245.24931765987630429629836382184742348353920297283690739124220773955591340709935970062776650204659187764581615597720798385015942389765692769739983054442503547211560297249686289665792078548480268091496050883021187158502798880896590227542729659940394038802461081290690995869705131152889309663639310553909874081663091069118126221594338242710530718836025225507189149221049928936955230868771875644038572888630664890573507822342998964954667474300944699078658989010257103569231493090050659723450626338923049035040974032671138430612839043269997482582763267536489504794826476836323549796385028155416935072959933315468068930689064483178204550825728947252440604703474049780550458442808479096492346910001692358508618202898514895453589357');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,4,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,4,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,5,'-652755630.43456071828048833552593835051449845484289562110789582081210403487973096161149072377955192388469356112505543620695003436531392789029513380101663750625024853263344909355177280161504414335005574882649025508632900995595004153086358670541462762210415346958050909878501048483523600711486406055424807840429541335391538322886495085448421556770991545781035298449067051916630343957356635391594362639819978677032855590055900561501350354631803808000307050416047072513406855040715556454205065332997338225626635780147287003130754254277103928406089109802521803537038957372612837169223905290912251006321930223154562110264217937');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,5,'652755630.43456071828048833552593835051449845484289562110789582081210403487973096161149072377955192388469356112505543620695003436531392789029513380101663750625024853263344909355177280161504414335005574882649025508632900995595004153086358670541462762210415346958050909878501048483523600711486406055424807840429541335391538322886495085448421556770991545781035298449067051916630343957356635391594362639819978677032855590055900561501350354631803808000307050416047072513406855040715556454205065332997338225626635780147287003130754254277103928406089109802521803537038957372612837169223905290912251006321930223154562110264217937');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,5,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,5,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,6,'.0469370721950711508944806393077762204079964905145503836835397203739563036579760026190241480514409364');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,6,'-.0469370721950711508944806393077762204079964905145503836835397203739563036579760026190241480514409364');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,6,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,6,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,7,'-818934540071845742');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,7,'818934540071845742');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,7,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,7,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,8,'8496986223.64063724353165506167988570717591150432282238795309964705925283285060558038824227595710139960766584401003765241409149793494330798800');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,8,'-8496986223.64063724353165506167988570717591150432282238795309964705925283285060558038824227595710139960766584401003765241409149793494330798800');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,8,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,8,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,9,'54863480.34685027005508022756223282084742813020271603840941647350440860843570182437301045468670059279379903480024743452620396345637401505220786389930600883087012615993343976556472498552535317826554614696684732913955544753638726438705858481670766245958647367500212800073774509075408148134050353551558174813940258910304990570172170811882520915334358633');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,9,'-54863480.34685027005508022756223282084742813020271603840941647350440860843570182437301045468670059279379903480024743452620396345637401505220786389930600883087012615993343976556472498552535317826554614696684732913955544753638726438705858481670766245958647367500212800073774509075408148134050353551558174813940258910304990570172170811882520915334358633');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,9,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,9,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,0,'85243.39540024977626076239847863600785982737155858270959890014613035727868293618673807776733416230953723818527101593495895350807775607346277892835514324320448949370623441059033804864158715021903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,0,'85243.39540024977626076239847863600785982737155858270959890014613035727868293618673807776733416230953723818527101593495895350807775607346277892835514324320448949370623441059033804864158715021903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,0,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,0,'NaN');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,1,'170486.79080049955252152479695727201571965474311716541919780029226071455736587237347615553466832461907447637054203186991790701615551214692555785671028648640897898741246882118067609728317430043806625387779037980513762118868084887015059202190301421555269486602797852927777567694581746398790609996101506730430853942556475840126871131898407356048450541232591147357021858041662012293323494543567675306406079659294204054863522259037763051870433216859794083051717080761509518250300466106939998045710070');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,1,'0');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,1,'7266436459.363324713115467666113895787027372854351303425444968800459979742082292257107107767894843498525848597439323325297125474674300428669958003640228730876886174255457103020291514229439701871032118057857763809224712818579091741996335014138185389554630910658876423205103697147288306070059640369158894028731728589073730895396494400175420670713113234800826523252075036892246807434088405522834549449664122407363485486902219500109237667016524913027290777216477989904700729228025571098410870506256758678625928245828210775042611512394316804583459576285681159178280400209217948833631961377519855502763611693070238579591463373484424582723121059964236704135695706864890193388054537703767833595331866551990460050750959493829603581882430597105627056085260296454181999581594565113210481151487049158699087454047624433576922179904629');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,1,'1.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,2,'-994877526002806872754342148663997.64812998474240514147207095573950146764154822009863493316394610578375247334825932838513167168342610420582834742950389452212867974756590355021495169819086060202117180229196935525386766373096687306110481009743118940565957556492470398904849289222365256698601073536111216152709126800604695001949246634784573028721762079936564434050796321975774729383704426321489070979168993853338252728216162346796960170352897972568238870481118474064783391570102958474141459619245240874849766946530000977144965');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,2,'994877526002806872754342148834484.43893048429492666626902822775522112238466538551783273345620682034111834572173548391979999630250058057637037929942180153828419189449146140692523818459983958943364062347264545253704196416903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,2,'-84806738323879544552397401815149740513.8505875535743013876823142649666132764556588225959336097903898464616542203793600590311980154402068027051522932586050753865288419084437796768749509032177577451738712965496693249429231838833655025794915864261585848007162358912070811805298210095333433397862313304655108809804359760907473898420016370058274978588765092161529583480924554820756527238472641797198545539410039895140087686344382628317530286295498797849942258314364503000942821309916954725689781458590617068629906894951122301020797266469357701283289275708774593896770378558232444454118891917258610753077932026885574920166837998049508644891327208474213193224700658584824407382455480657734911543930195324144216374573825');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,2,'-.000000000000000000000000000085682300757901809257711279577127388124986344391495296640171942990079130291883279872719240502687189411421655284515420074848478500192127657883342858267913417679786356766341637336955924836847768457039175660279784295612167899455618405343686908907695358239088351870495830739180518509859269437015797489301844593920484927630172344269378248455657186218762679357609204333669024237648538465053048724383898528808961206696787294681884412485427843796696788390072124570957047672341581447744981862017791206857428430183366004980966398716823512288330174863890117558744630102020144500158878244146399686532935435591262767487823942606452349972401012308378888947381934278131785907155692007064636085000405504866631011593239041758448995933095907216863744502344014999804306234830774259496097549717476344048');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (1,3,'-60302029489319384367663884408085672236.83687099063256754698860828386302509843815398979402006244388708674093244201278399438376682321121138429850885935540924586964982855913223221441591310211730902799041126800414795030815514254713522692405212716783388698431088814919226444677188004928663343696636297536500970117716818423689175692808344185016908913828066250587407384563498516598672584120143890364303296142744031320345312431817858545326010704685255237541162931904446804064783391570102958474141459619245240874849766946530000977144965');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (1,3,'60302029489319384367663884408085842723.62767149018508907178556555587874475318127115521321786273614780129829831438626014991843514783028586066905089122532715288580534070605779007112619958852628801540288008918482404759132944298520148080184250697297150817299173701934285646867489426483932830299434150464278537812298564822479785688909850915447762856384542090714278516461905872647123125352735037721325154184406043613668806975385533851732090363979459292404685190942209855935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (1,3,'-5140349743195574373979577554212527512597024.162480344833040409158673429491690439298506850052285119390701002577176786023622062742050099464897084793357329597395417632908812044304066963549928478520702505283307379218587635434673128958824348493758429380623577527186462464399974242800361134191519694694139153279582776168995426125926314513926640766117733774558011741611075336271613675760116784769700605008122422944290652448956922432960815546502965310676913079866511016221573557684245901002643719965652152439520727383305120298495304784052489867651462175349450610643411043707261107569691076730261762793560088893354750383257372118118753366377402045596735023445172252225346164608897913115394905485106225627590643805003075069931177395059698550161546962768768895596088478488887530518018212441345360153523733317120037436403475909117998647781920105313938836144009539683');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (1,3,'-.000000000000000000000000000000001413607404628860353773457807436398753936801768769045711604884548436548520368932184112069166807060840219636509423284498981041814526856251281381511288768719259120481595036745286884246627534964287523188738499223075292690431699417313258943941279343383979626641848305343592679057491670166887054819766294147341982669243114259272404203080347707713358471397866402657818267495050115642987782080912962056565478445923456884713049272637646637760989004917643369240372476411912794578381690666695711891846833983534126217706309741885844723208036219144146342212915129560758201609824034610223907791643110990898577049488934294259106725414517181607988173722432655731491050637087261030314548853334338835938120502930424813699221083197863303458179445322810087784892821862085562891180364134284641396475');
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+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
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+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
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+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
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+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
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+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (6,'.000873076977206566818052116526263730226812004454463281371489634779519089200224205946321120805055212090024554381349223642352209212670470260295303361873760972918129853308169576675500721645609379420329169271088810484607337679253503247351324049221970104335289487989027621978310506220905131150125321713385148268584530413680037620544212746920563790371941626294733473967065607791756894237438288480748407449237446113996117912144587258434808327522518688617394025018756570740098795745692805352377041347367240475846033282850136270250633825482156304826383360291164928049344226886150285595932088884965511963310715773499733217615863523253012606066583814112265708693122563204149232245895551314975524172504103194858904869273185785182598234060315036187756490539352752560361560286717869643902435677448962235275054804452967413005');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (7,'176514565873872717825163931126806100435750.096278384530154766967061948052237623936423931849868926020451465515367348890410352640552194499619062823622476972850692557798609619250753020363520533767813563613425606228355802781302735485038377521515850536680425059519814786118919994914180918228654298075183514200191737597656810036850772127169441661576862538643715648802139886576391427423689320082366572297580054381937437005879583216745596935643579262248665490169331304003204939561361718554509909313409421397022626924406091551900222555950699170864234411017062042057683304265485826061096835531732950909546314722726990314852356462874701181085379772134121978510387397276859318242238150439474660772561390798432890789762504242822787017140808209820627435991445529404692793744568204608385843245177656436105160780897472099970336514833257055017279707999437302548655364559');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (8,'72941951052009383458167.300747500436981484566111756088702608000390737594784514635592222758882092500858797317505303492923829092720870826490477962201959426813271424853341826896270963213736922458746003100613943600855942721319226948714369219316345322636075285343544788982588956431405042577296229122673590336976893594798942025893296105815818487227300314490440902574022885833779324177053242170024559675073866612316965636832258283516275906085642459351367507561963945012828379111856700009391438637054015804558386733558956649061672420804826896303889067785497738203077050774825608647969196321506624991188638449047860249367840775936911749905927108478444112230174584693363226143549933224252679398881354887872642908328737917862751077365602631600279486028043329404269490375935308156815477700961014566228692743960491745353377403533037122586797765130');
+INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (9,'661239032819374816.097553651299556484820492272269662685578275493609248662925676004753503494252951243895572437264999063878330704584509915845096232798927524470286655554736724913758600775591269525423912692080421094644542553026831758426157681271572808657664918053119324646138457659418857926209701677786068580819823633713337632456905824562235373422309621872998037966404189020165296080436871220718574009921789858751384547836431858428729570977259373272041837411903005303672798845573379758630607982213326716018594073712340609488043353995410508475153538231445235003980586600882223782814368245305160648543466496726973755388826656879616734762068443462618454921858705377028522664844761719759342490380417060255776725333319537746890406213693117052223545525717132695297770810635066731941724108167146710297146989770382041617889670713111888375717');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (0, '0');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (1, '85243.39540024977626076239847863600785982737155858270959890014613035727868293618673807776733416230953723818527101593495895350807775607346277892835514324320448949370623441059033804864158715021903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (2, '-994877526002806872754342148749241.04353023451866590387054959174736129501310680280823383331007646306243540953499740615246583399296334239109936336446284803020643582102868247857009494139535009572740621288230740389545481395');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (3, '-60302029489319384367663884408085757480.2322712404088283093870869198708849258097125725036189625900174440196153781995220721511009855207486224837798752903681993777275846325950111427710563453217985216966456785944859989497422927661683538629473170704026975786513125842675604577233871570629808699803522400038975396500769162308448069085909755023233588510630417065084295051270219462289785473643946404281422516357503746700705970360169619852905053433235726497292406142332833');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (4, '5329378275943663322215245.24931765987630429629836382184742348353920297283690739124220773955591340709935970062776650204659187764581615597720798385015942389765692769739983054442503547211560297249686289665792078548480268091496050883021187158502798880896590227542729659940394038802461081290690995869705131152889309663639310553909874081663091069118126221594338242710530718836025225507189149221049928936955230868771875644038572888630664890573507822342998964954667474300944699078658989010257103569231493090050659723450626338923049035040974032671138430612839043269997482582763267536489504794826476836323549796385028155416935072959933315468068930689064483178204550825728947252440604703474049780550458442808479096492346910001692358508618202898514895453589357');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (5, '-652755630.43456071828048833552593835051449845484289562110789582081210403487973096161149072377955192388469356112505543620695003436531392789029513380101663750625024853263344909355177280161504414335005574882649025508632900995595004153086358670541462762210415346958050909878501048483523600711486406055424807840429541335391538322886495085448421556770991545781035298449067051916630343957356635391594362639819978677032855590055900561501350354631803808000307050416047072513406855040715556454205065332997338225626635780147287003130754254277103928406089109802521803537038957372612837169223905290912251006321930223154562110264217937');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (6, '0.0469370721950711508944806393077762204079964905145503836835397203739563036579760026190241480514409364');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (7, '-818934540071845742');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (8, '8496986223.64063724353165506167988570717591150432282238795309964705925283285060558038824227595710139960766584401003765241409149793494330798800');
+INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (9, '054863480.34685027005508022756223282084742813020271603840941647350440860843570182437301045468670059279379903480024743452620396345637401505220786389930600883087012615993343976556472498552535317826554614696684732913955544753638726438705858481670766245958647367500212800073774509075408148134050353551558174813940258910304990570172170811882520915334358633');
+COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Create indices for faster checks
+-- ******************************
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_add_idx ON num_exp_add (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_sub_idx ON num_exp_sub (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_div_idx ON num_exp_div (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_mul_idx ON num_exp_mul (id1, id2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_sqrt_idx ON num_exp_sqrt (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_ln_idx ON num_exp_ln (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_log10_idx ON num_exp_log10 (id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_power_10_ln_idx ON num_exp_power_10_ln (id);
+
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_add;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_sub;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_div;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_mul;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_sqrt;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_ln;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_log10;
+VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_power_10_ln;
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Now check the behaviour of the NUMERIC type
+-- ******************************
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Addition check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val + t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_add t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val + t2.val, 10)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 10) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_add t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 10);
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Subtraction check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val - t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sub t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val - t2.val, 40)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 40)
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sub t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 40);
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Multiply check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val * t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_mul t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val * t2.val, 30)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 30) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_mul t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 30);
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Division check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val / t2.val
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2
+    WHERE t2.val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_div t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val / t2.val, 80)
+    FROM num_data t1, num_data t2
+    WHERE t2.val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 80) as expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_div t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
+    AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 80);
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Square root check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, SQRT(ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data;
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sqrt t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Natural logarithm check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, LN(ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_ln t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * Logarithm base 10 check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, LOG('10'::numeric, ABS(val))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_log10 t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+-- ******************************
+-- * POW(10, LN(value)) check
+-- ******************************
+DELETE FROM num_result;
+INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, POW(numeric '10', LN(ABS(round(val,1000))))
+    FROM num_data
+    WHERE val != '0.0';
+SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
+    FROM num_result t1, num_exp_power_10_ln t2
+    WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
+    AND t1.result != t2.expected;
+
+
+--
+-- Test code path for raising to integer powers
+--
+
+-- base less than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
+--
+-- for p in {-20..20}
+-- do
+--   b="0.084738"
+--   r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; $b^$p" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "($b, $p, $r),"
+-- done
+
+WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(0.084738, -20, 2744326694304960114888.7859130502035257),
+(0.084738, -19, 232548755422013710215.4459407000481464),
+(0.084738, -18, 19705716436950597776.2364581230406798),
+(0.084738, -17, 1669822999434319754.3627249884302211),
+(0.084738, -16, 141497461326065387.3451885900696001),
+(0.084738, -15, 11990211877848128.7928565907453178),
+(0.084738, -14, 1016026574105094.7376490817865767),
+(0.084738, -13, 86096059836517.5178789078924309),
+(0.084738, -12, 7295607918426.8214300228969888),
+(0.084738, -11, 618215223791.6519943372802450),
+(0.084738, -10, 52386321633.6570066961524534),
+(0.084738, -9, 4439112122.5928274334185666),
+(0.084738, -8, 376161483.0442710110530225),
+(0.084738, -7, 31875171.7502054369346110),
+(0.084738, -6, 2701038.3037689083149651),
+(0.084738, -5, 228880.5837847697527935),
+(0.084738, -4, 19394.8829087538193122),
+(0.084738, -3, 1643.4835879219811409),
+(0.084738, -2, 139.2655122733328379),
+(0.084738, -1, 11.8010809790176780),
+(0.084738, 0, 1),
+(0.084738, 1, .084738),
+(0.084738, 2, .007180528644),
+(0.084738, 3, .0006084636362353),
+(0.084738, 4, .0000515599916073),
+(0.084738, 5, .0000043690905688),
+(0.084738, 6, .0000003702279966),
+(0.084738, 7, .0000000313723800),
+(0.084738, 8, .0000000026584327),
+(0.084738, 9, .0000000002252703),
+(0.084738, 10, .0000000000190890),
+(0.084738, 11, .0000000000016176),
+(0.084738, 12, .0000000000001371),
+(0.084738, 13, .0000000000000116),
+(0.084738, 14, .0000000000000010),
+(0.084738, 15, .0000000000000001),
+(0.084738, 16, .0000000000000000),
+(0.084738, 17, .0000000000000000),
+(0.084738, 18, .0000000000000000),
+(0.084738, 19, .0000000000000000),
+(0.084738, 20, .0000000000000000))
+SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+-- base greater than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
+--
+-- for p in {-20..20}
+-- do
+--   b="37.821637"
+--   r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; $b^$p" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "($b, $p, $r),"
+-- done
+
+WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(37.821637, -20, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -19, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -18, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -17, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -16, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -15, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -14, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -13, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -12, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -11, .0000000000000000),
+(37.821637, -10, .0000000000000002),
+(37.821637, -9, .0000000000000063),
+(37.821637, -8, .0000000000002388),
+(37.821637, -7, .0000000000090327),
+(37.821637, -6, .0000000003416316),
+(37.821637, -5, .0000000129210673),
+(37.821637, -4, .0000004886959182),
+(37.821637, -3, .0000184832796213),
+(37.821637, -2, .0006990678924066),
+(37.821637, -1, .0264398920649574),
+(37.821637, 0, 1),
+(37.821637, 1, 37.821637),
+(37.821637, 2, 1430.476225359769),
+(37.821637, 3, 54102.9525326873775219),
+(37.821637, 4, 2046262.2313195326271135),
+(37.821637, 5, 77392987.3197773940323425),
+(37.821637, 6, 2927129472.7542235178972258),
+(37.821637, 7, 110708828370.5116321107718772),
+(37.821637, 8, 4187189119324.7924539711577286),
+(37.821637, 9, 158366346921451.9852944363360812),
+(37.821637, 10, 5989674486279224.5007355092228730),
+(37.821637, 11, 226539294168214309.7083246628376531),
+(37.821637, 12, 8568086950266418559.9938312759931069),
+(37.821637, 13, 324059074417413536066.1494087598581043),
+(37.821637, 14, 12256444679171401239980.3109258799733927),
+(37.821637, 15, 463558801566202198479885.2069857662592280),
+(37.821637, 16, 17532552720991931019508170.1002855156233684),
+(37.821637, 17, 663109844696719094948877928.0672523682648687),
+(37.821637, 18, 25079899837245684700124994552.6717306599041850),
+(37.821637, 19, 948562867640665366544581398598.1275771806665398),
+(37.821637, 20, 35876200451584291931921101974730.6901038166532866))
+SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+--
+-- Tests for raising to non-integer powers
+--
+
+-- base less than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
+--
+-- for n in {-20..20}
+-- do
+--   b="0.06933247"
+--   p="$n.342987"
+--   r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; e($p*l($b))" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "($b, $p, $r),"
+-- done
+
+WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(0.06933247, -20.342987, 379149253615977128356318.39406340),
+(0.06933247, -19.342987, 26287354251852125772450.59436685),
+(0.06933247, -18.342987, 1822567200045909954554.65766042),
+(0.06933247, -17.342987, 126363085720167050546.86216560),
+(0.06933247, -16.342987, 8761064849800910427.02880469),
+(0.06933247, -15.342987, 607426265866876128.15466179),
+(0.06933247, -14.342987, 42114363355427213.14899924),
+(0.06933247, -13.342987, 2919892833909256.59283660),
+(0.06933247, -12.342987, 202443382310228.51544515),
+(0.06933247, -11.342987, 14035899730722.44924025),
+(0.06933247, -10.342987, 973143597003.32229028),
+(0.06933247, -9.342987, 67470449244.92493259),
+(0.06933247, -8.342987, 4677892898.16028054),
+(0.06933247, -7.342987, 324329869.02491071),
+(0.06933247, -6.342987, 22486590.914273551),
+(0.06933247, -5.342987, 1559050.8899661435),
+(0.06933247, -4.342987, 108092.84905705095),
+(0.06933247, -3.342987, 7494.3442144625131),
+(0.06933247, -2.342987, 519.60139541889576),
+(0.06933247, -1.342987, 36.025248159838727),
+(0.06933247, 0.342987, .40036522320023350),
+(0.06933247, 1.342987, .02775830982657349),
+(0.06933247, 2.342987, .001924552183301612),
+(0.06933247, 3.342987, .0001334339565121935),
+(0.06933247, 4.342987, .000009251305786862961),
+(0.06933247, 5.342987, .0000006414158809285026),
+(0.06933247, 6.342987, .00000004447094732199898),
+(0.06933247, 7.342987, .000000003083280621074075),
+(0.06933247, 8.342987, .0000000002137714611621997),
+(0.06933247, 9.342987, .00000000001482130341788437),
+(0.06933247, 10.342987, .000000000001027597574581366),
+(0.06933247, 11.342987, .00000000000007124587801173530),
+(0.06933247, 12.342987, .000000000000004939652699872298),
+(0.06933247, 13.342987, .0000000000000003424783226243151),
+(0.06933247, 14.342987, .00000000000000002374486802900065),
+(0.06933247, 15.342987, .000000000000000001646290350274646),
+(0.06933247, 16.342987, .0000000000000000001141413763217064),
+(0.06933247, 17.342987, .000000000000000000007913703549583420),
+(0.06933247, 18.342987, .0000000000000000000005486766139403860),
+(0.06933247, 19.342987, .00000000000000000000003804110487572339),
+(0.06933247, 20.342987, .000000000000000000000002637483762562946))
+SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+-- base greater than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
+--
+-- for n in {-20..20}
+-- do
+--   b="27.234987"
+--   p="$n.230957"
+--   r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; e($p*l($b))" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "($b, $p, $r),"
+-- done
+
+WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(27.234987, -20.230957, .000000000000000000000000000009247064512095633),
+(27.234987, -19.230957, .0000000000000000000000000002518436817750859),
+(27.234987, -18.230957, .000000000000000000000000006858959399176602),
+(27.234987, -17.230957, .0000000000000000000000001868036700701026),
+(27.234987, -16.230957, .000000000000000000000005087595525911532),
+(27.234987, -15.230957, .0000000000000000000001385605980094587),
+(27.234987, -14.230957, .000000000000000000003773696085499835),
+(27.234987, -13.230957, .0000000000000000001027765638305389),
+(27.234987, -12.230957, .000000000000000002799118379829397),
+(27.234987, -11.230957, .00000000000000007623395268611469),
+(27.234987, -10.230957, .000000000000002076230710364949),
+(27.234987, -9.230957, .00000000000005654611640579014),
+(27.234987, -8.230957, .000000000001540032745212181),
+(27.234987, -7.230957, .00000000004194277179542807),
+(27.234987, -6.230957, .000000001142310844592450),
+(27.234987, -5.230957, .00000003111082100243440),
+(27.234987, -4.230957, .0000008473028055606278),
+(27.234987, -3.230957, .00002307628089450723),
+(27.234987, -2.230957, .0006284822101702527),
+(27.234987, -1.230957, .01711670482371810),
+(27.234987, 0.230957, 2.1451253063142300),
+(27.234987, 1.230957, 58.422459830839071),
+(27.234987, 2.230957, 1591.1349340009243),
+(27.234987, 3.230957, 43334.539242761031),
+(27.234987, 4.230957, 1180215.6129275865),
+(27.234987, 5.230957, 32143156.875279851),
+(27.234987, 6.230957, 875418459.63720737),
+(27.234987, 7.230957, 23842010367.779367),
+(27.234987, 8.230957, 649336842420.336290),
+(27.234987, 9.230957, 17684680461938.907402),
+(27.234987, 10.230957, 481642042480060.137900),
+(27.234987, 11.230957, 13117514765597885.614921),
+(27.234987, 12.230957, 357255344113366461.949871),
+(27.234987, 13.230957, 9729844652608062117.440722),
+(27.234987, 14.230957, 264992192625800087863.690528),
+(27.234987, 15.230957, 7217058921265161257566.469315),
+(27.234987, 16.230957, 196556505898890690402726.443417),
+(27.234987, 17.230957, 5353213882921711267539279.451015),
+(27.234987, 18.230957, 145794710509592328389185797.837767),
+(27.234987, 19.230957, 3970717045397510438979206144.696206),
+(27.234987, 20.230957, 108142427112079606637962972621.121293))
+SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+-- Inputs close to overflow
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 2700 and truncated to 4 decimal
+-- places.
+
+WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(0.12, -2829.8369, 58463948950011752465280493160293790845494328939320966633018493248607815580903065923369555885857984675501574162389726507612128133630191173383130639968378879506624785786843501848666498440326970769604109017960864573408272864266102690849952650095786874354625921641729880352858506454246180842452983243549491658464046163869265572232996388827878976066830374513768599285647145439771472435206769249126377164951470622827631950210853282324510655982757098065657709137845327135766013147354253426364240746381620690117663724329288646510198895137275207992825719846135857839292915100523542874885080351683587865157015032404901182924720371819942957083390475846809517968191151435281268695782594904484795360890092607679215675240583291240729468370895035823777914792823688291214492607109455017754453939895630226174304357121900605689015734289765672740769194115142607443713769825894380064727556869268488695795705030158832909348803019429370973064732712469794182891757241046263341655894972953512257981661670321890336672832647028099324621932563236459127918144141230217523147304565594514812518826936144181257723061181656522095236928347413997136815409159361412494284201481609684892562646522086577634100783077813105675590737823924220663206479031113753135119759722725207724879578900186075841393115040465401462266086907464970054073340036852442184414587772177753008511913377364966775792477387717262694468450099866775550614257191941835797445874557362115814601886902749237439492398087966544817154173072811937702110580330775581851211123491341435883319798273456296794954514173820352334127081705706502510709179711510240917772628308487366740741280043704807717608366220401933596364641284631036907635403895053036499618723044314773148779735006542501244942039455169872946018271985844759209768927953340447524637670938413827595013338859796135512187473850161303598087634723542727044978083220970836296653305188470017342167913572166172051819741354902582606590658382067039498769674611071582171914886494269818475850690414812481252963932223686078322390396586222238852602472958831686564971334200490182175112490433364675164900946902818404704835106260174052265784055642968397240262737313737007322288203637798365320295080314524864099419556398713380156353062937736280885716820226469419928595465390700629307079710611273715705695938635644841913194091407807776191951797748706106000922803167645881087385311847268311361092838264814899353459146959869764278464187826798546290981492648723002412475976344071283321798061003719251864595518596639432393032991023409676558943539937377229130132816883146259468718344018277257037013406135980469482324577407154032999045733141275895.3432),
+(1.2, 32908.8896, 58463467728170833376633133695001863276259293590926929026251227859007891876739460057725441400966420577009060860805883032969522911803372870882799865787473726926215148161529632590083389287080925059682489116446754279752928005457087175157581627230586554364417068189211136840990661174760199073702207450133797324318403866058202372178813998850887986769280847189341565507156189065295823921162851958925352114220880236114784962150135485415106748467247897246441194126125699204912883449386043559785865023459356275014504597646990160571664166410683323036984805434677654413174177920726210827006973855410386789516533036723888687725436216478665958434776205940192130053647653715221076841771578099896259902368829351569726536927952661429685419815305418450230567773264738536471211804481206474781470237730069753206249915908804615495060673071058534441654604668770343616386612119048579369195201590008082689834456232255266932976831478404670192731621439902738547169253818323045451045749609624500171633897705543164388470746657118050314064066768449450440405619135824055131398727045420324382226572368236570500391463795989258779677208133531636928003546809249007993065200108076924439703799231711400266122025052209803513232429907231051873161206025860851056337427740362763618748092029386371493898291580557004812947013231371383576580415676519066503391905962989205397824064923920045371823949776899815750413244195402085917098964452866825666226141169411712884994564949174271056284898570445214367063763956186792886147126466387576513166370247576466566827375268334148320298849218878848928271566491769458471357076035396330179659440244425914213309776100351793665960978678576150833311810944729586040624059867137538839913141142139636023129691775489034134511666020819676247950267220131499463010350308195762769192775344260909521732256844149916046793599150786757764962585268686580124987490115873389726527572428003433405659445349155536369077209682951123806333170190998931670309088422483075609203671527331975811507450670132060984691061148836994322505371265263690017938762760088575875666254883673433331627055180154954694693433502522592907190906966067656027637884202418119121728966267936832338377284832958974299187166554160783467156478554899314000348357280306042140481751668215838656488457943830180819301102535170705017482946779698265096226184239631924271857062033454725540956591929965181603262502135610768915716020374362368495244256420143645126927013882334008435586481691725030031204304273292938132599127402133470745819213047706793887965197191137237066440328777206799072470374264316425913530947082957300047105685634407092811630672103242089966046839626911122.7149))
+SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+--
+-- Tests for EXP()
+--
+
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of EXP():
+--
+-- for n in {-20..20}
+-- do
+--   x="$n.29837"
+--   r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; e($x)" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "($x, $r),"
+-- done
+
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(-20.29837, .000000001529431101152222),
+(-19.29837, .000000004157424770142192),
+(-18.29837, .00000001130105220586304),
+(-17.29837, .00000003071944485366452),
+(-16.29837, .00000008350410872606600),
+(-15.29837, .0000002269877013517336),
+(-14.29837, .0000006170165438681061),
+(-13.29837, .000001677224859055276),
+(-12.29837, .000004559169856609741),
+(-11.29837, .00001239310857408049),
+(-10.29837, .00003368796183504298),
+(-9.29837, .00009157337449401917),
+(-8.29837, .0002489222398577673),
+(-7.29837, .0006766408013046928),
+(-6.29837, .001839300394580514),
+(-5.29837, .004999736839665763),
+(-4.29837, .01359069379834070),
+(-3.29837, .03694333598818056),
+(-2.29837, .1004223988993283),
+(-1.29837, .2729763820983097),
+(0.29837, 1.3476603299656679),
+(1.29837, 3.6633205858807959),
+(2.29837, 9.9579377804197108),
+(3.29837, 27.068481317440698),
+(4.29837, 73.579760889182206),
+(5.29837, 200.01052696742555),
+(6.29837, 543.68498095607070),
+(7.29837, 1477.8890041389891),
+(8.29837, 4017.3188244304487),
+(9.29837, 10920.204759575742),
+(10.29837, 29684.194161006717),
+(11.29837, 80690.005580314652),
+(12.29837, 219338.17590722828),
+(13.29837, 596222.97785597218),
+(14.29837, 1620702.0864156289),
+(15.29837, 4405525.0308492653),
+(16.29837, 11975458.636179032),
+(17.29837, 32552671.598188404),
+(18.29837, 88487335.673150406),
+(19.29837, 240533516.60908059),
+(20.29837, 653837887.33381570))
+SELECT x, bc_result, exp(x), exp(x)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+--
+-- Tests for LN()
+--
+
+-- input very small
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40}
+-- do
+--   l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(10^-$p)" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "('1.0e-$p', $l),"
+-- done
+
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('1.0e-1', -2.3025850929940457),
+('1.0e-2', -4.6051701859880914),
+('1.0e-3', -6.9077552789821371),
+('1.0e-4', -9.2103403719761827),
+('1.0e-5', -11.512925464970228),
+('1.0e-6', -13.815510557964274),
+('1.0e-7', -16.118095650958320),
+('1.0e-8', -18.420680743952365),
+('1.0e-9', -20.723265836946411),
+('1.0e-10', -23.025850929940457),
+('1.0e-11', -25.328436022934503),
+('1.0e-12', -27.631021115928548),
+('1.0e-13', -29.933606208922594),
+('1.0e-14', -32.236191301916640),
+('1.0e-15', -34.5387763949106853),
+('1.0e-16', -36.84136148790473094),
+('1.0e-17', -39.143946580898776628),
+('1.0e-18', -41.4465316738928223123),
+('1.0e-19', -43.74911676688686799634),
+('1.0e-20', -46.051701859880913680360),
+('1.0e-21', -48.3542869528749593643778),
+('1.0e-22', -50.65687204586900504839581),
+('1.0e-23', -52.959457138863050732413803),
+('1.0e-24', -55.2620422318570964164317949),
+('1.0e-25', -57.56462732485114210044978637),
+('1.0e-26', -59.867212417845187784467777822),
+('1.0e-27', -62.1697975108392334684857692765),
+('1.0e-28', -64.47238260383327915250376073116),
+('1.0e-29', -66.774967696827324836521752185847),
+('1.0e-30', -69.0775527898213705205397436405309),
+('1.0e-31', -71.38013788281541620455773509521529),
+('1.0e-32', -73.682722975809461888575726549899655),
+('1.0e-33', -75.9853080688035075725937180045840189),
+('1.0e-34', -78.28789316179755325661170945926838306),
+('1.0e-35', -80.590478254791598940629700913952747266),
+('1.0e-36', -82.8930633477856446246476923686371114736),
+('1.0e-37', -85.19564844077969030866568382332147568124),
+('1.0e-38', -87.498233533773735992683675278005839888842),
+('1.0e-39', -89.8008186267677816767016667326902040964430),
+('1.0e-40', -92.10340371976182736071965818737456830404406))
+SELECT x, bc_result, ln(x::numeric), ln(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+-- input very close to but smaller than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40}
+-- do
+--   l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1-10^-$p)" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "('1.0e-$p', $l),"
+-- done
+
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('1.0e-1', -.10536051565782630),
+('1.0e-2', -.010050335853501441),
+('1.0e-3', -.0010005003335835335),
+('1.0e-4', -.00010000500033335834),
+('1.0e-5', -.000010000050000333336),
+('1.0e-6', -.0000010000005000003333),
+('1.0e-7', -.00000010000000500000033),
+('1.0e-8', -.000000010000000050000000),
+('1.0e-9', -.0000000010000000005000000),
+('1.0e-10', -.00000000010000000000500000),
+('1.0e-11', -.000000000010000000000050000),
+('1.0e-12', -.0000000000010000000000005000),
+('1.0e-13', -.00000000000010000000000000500),
+('1.0e-14', -.000000000000010000000000000050),
+('1.0e-15', -.0000000000000010000000000000005),
+('1.0e-16', -.00000000000000010000000000000001),
+('1.0e-17', -.000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-18', -.0000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-19', -.00000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-20', -.000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-21', -.0000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-23', -.000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-24', -.0000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-25', -.00000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-26', -.000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-27', -.0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-28', -.00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-30', -.0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-31', -.00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-32', -.000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-33', -.0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-34', -.00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-35', -.000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-37', -.00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-38', -.000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-39', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-40', -.00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000))
+SELECT '1-'||x, bc_result, ln(1.0-x::numeric), ln(1.0-x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+-- input very close to but larger than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40}
+-- do
+--   l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1+10^-$p)" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "('1.0e-$p', $l),"
+-- done
+
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('1.0e-1', .09531017980432486),
+('1.0e-2', .009950330853168083),
+('1.0e-3', .0009995003330835332),
+('1.0e-4', .00009999500033330834),
+('1.0e-5', .000009999950000333331),
+('1.0e-6', .0000009999995000003333),
+('1.0e-7', .00000009999999500000033),
+('1.0e-8', .000000009999999950000000),
+('1.0e-9', .0000000009999999995000000),
+('1.0e-10', .00000000009999999999500000),
+('1.0e-11', .000000000009999999999950000),
+('1.0e-12', .0000000000009999999999995000),
+('1.0e-13', .00000000000009999999999999500),
+('1.0e-14', .000000000000009999999999999950),
+('1.0e-15', .0000000000000009999999999999995),
+('1.0e-16', .00000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-17', .000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-18', .0000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-19', .00000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-20', .000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-21', .0000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-22', .00000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-23', .000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-24', .0000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-25', .00000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-26', .000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-27', .0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-28', .00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-30', .0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-31', .00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-32', .000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-33', .0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-34', .00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-35', .000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-37', .00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-38', .000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-39', .0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
+('1.0e-40', .00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000))
+SELECT '1+'||x, bc_result, ln(1.0+x::numeric), ln(1.0+x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+-- input very large
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40}
+-- do
+--   l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(10^$p)" | head -n 1)
+--   echo "('1.0e$p', $l),"
+-- done
+
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('1.0e1', 2.3025850929940457),
+('1.0e2', 4.6051701859880914),
+('1.0e3', 6.9077552789821371),
+('1.0e4', 9.2103403719761827),
+('1.0e5', 11.512925464970228),
+('1.0e6', 13.815510557964274),
+('1.0e7', 16.118095650958320),
+('1.0e8', 18.420680743952365),
+('1.0e9', 20.723265836946411),
+('1.0e10', 23.025850929940457),
+('1.0e11', 25.328436022934503),
+('1.0e12', 27.631021115928548),
+('1.0e13', 29.933606208922594),
+('1.0e14', 32.236191301916640),
+('1.0e15', 34.538776394910685),
+('1.0e16', 36.841361487904731),
+('1.0e17', 39.143946580898777),
+('1.0e18', 41.446531673892822),
+('1.0e19', 43.749116766886868),
+('1.0e20', 46.051701859880914),
+('1.0e21', 48.354286952874959),
+('1.0e22', 50.656872045869005),
+('1.0e23', 52.959457138863051),
+('1.0e24', 55.262042231857096),
+('1.0e25', 57.564627324851142),
+('1.0e26', 59.867212417845188),
+('1.0e27', 62.169797510839233),
+('1.0e28', 64.472382603833279),
+('1.0e29', 66.774967696827325),
+('1.0e30', 69.077552789821371),
+('1.0e31', 71.380137882815416),
+('1.0e32', 73.682722975809462),
+('1.0e33', 75.985308068803508),
+('1.0e34', 78.287893161797553),
+('1.0e35', 80.590478254791599),
+('1.0e36', 82.893063347785645),
+('1.0e37', 85.195648440779690),
+('1.0e38', 87.498233533773736),
+('1.0e39', 89.800818626767782),
+('1.0e40', 92.103403719761827))
+SELECT x, bc_result, ln(x::numeric), ln(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+-- input huge
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 1000 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..10}
+-- do
+--   l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=1000 ; l(10^${p}00)" | head -n 1)
+--  echo "('1.0e${p}00', $l),"
+-- done
+
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('1.0e100', 230.25850929940457),
+('1.0e200', 460.51701859880914),
+('1.0e300', 690.77552789821371),
+('1.0e400', 921.03403719761827),
+('1.0e500', 1151.2925464970228),
+('1.0e600', 1381.5510557964274),
+('1.0e700', 1611.8095650958320),
+('1.0e800', 1842.0680743952365),
+('1.0e900', 2072.3265836946411),
+('1.0e1000', 2302.5850929940457))
+SELECT x, bc_result, ln(x::numeric), ln(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+-- inputs with 1000 decimal places
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 2000 and rounded to 1000 decimal
+-- places
+
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+(484990182159328900690402236933516249572671683638747490717351807610531884491845416923860371219625151551889257298200816555016472471293780254009492949585031653913930735918829139712249577547959394351523545901788627247613322896296041868431769047433229466634098452564756860190085118463828382895145244362033728480588969626012192733802377468089120757046364393407262957242230928854711898925295251902007136232994524624903257456111389508582206404271734668422903183500589303866613158037169610592539145461637447957948521714058034772237111009429638870236361143304703683377693378577075353794118557951847394763531830696578809001981568860219578880229402696449243344235099860421846016326538272155937175661905904288335499593232232926636205909086901191153907183842087577811871344870731324067822883041265129394268082883745408414994.8967939438561591657171240282983703914075472645212002662497023142663831371447287624846942598424990784971781730103682951722370983277124599054059027055336437808366784501932987082321905202623642371063626378290734289114618092750984153422293450048717769065428713836637664433167768445609659527458911187829232316677137895259433038764404970599325009178297626038331436654541552998098529141205301472138026818453893127265938030066392881979113522757891639646670670272542401773230506961559808927249585675430838495658225557294666522469887436551840596777627408780618586500922973500018513068499587683746133637919751545157547095670767246977244726331271787622126889459658539988980096764323712767863722912919120929339399753431689512753214200090670880647731689804555417871258907716687575767185444541243606329768784843125926070743277339790277626515824924290352180761378846035233155198504033292692893297993698953705472933411199778880561376633444249703838589180474329586470353212010427945060694794274109764269805332803290229,
+ 1864.3702986939570026328504202935192533137907736189919154633800554877738455118081651650863235106905871352085850240570561347180517240105510505203972860921397909573687877993477806728098306202020229409548306695695574102950949468160529713610952021974630774784174851619325758380143625473386495586347322798415543385655090746985183329114860118551572428921774322172798724455202876781611633419444058398798142214904998877857425038669920064728855823072107227506485770367799671977282350083029452784747350395161797215115525867416898416360638482342253129160308632504217096916335590470843180746834864303790913372081974355613359678634194879425862536147988835528973291020680020540866655622823550861337486588647231688134992810403147262346312159819432914207194632564009749236609081399504118359354620598232725290537215007867979331582119891661859015726276335168158288396939655310210558566592649049602925182137256134162660116182293851038854455437841571331011002023088829768308520393956515509475418031437505751407687618234418262),
+(87190145885430429849953615409019208993240447426362428988181639909267773304254748257120061524000254226856815085523676417146197197996896030672521334101413071112068202429835905642444187493717977611730127126387257253646790849384975208460867137315507010888782632024640844766297185244443116696943912406389670302370461137850160539373600494054874979342373255280815156048999900951842673141766630630919020492255966628630634124452614590400422133958133100159154995520080124736657520969784129924799670552560034302960877087853678350801769339861812435411200669026902417951572668727488315537985378304242438181615160041688723201917323705450185975141141262578884689500612295576288125956289035673242989906973367691922065122033180281670221390667818909912035903387888639331486823729897326624516015340.0330856710565117793999512551468220085711713631167607285185762046751452975325645379302403715842570486302993296501788672462090620871511446272026693318239212657949496275318383141403236705902077406660768573015707706831878445598837931116223956945944726162551477136715847593742032488181481888084716920605114101902724395659898621880016853548602514706686907951229872573180602614761229992106144727082722940736406782659562775289407005631298246624198606031298081220736931229256511054595028182057216042683060059115371651410352645266000330509331097811566633211452233019461903115970558624057877018778178814946285827512359903934291318219271464841957435711594154280905473802599888081783098187210283997106131616471807951265003903143099667366508222327805543948921694362089860577380749774036318574113007382111997454202845559941557812813566442364810680529092880773126707073967537693927177460459341763934709686530005721141046645111784404932103241501569571235364365556796422998363930810983452790309019295181282099408260156,
+ 1793.5767085750017553306932533574391150814202249805881581227430032600579405884415934520704053351781361105595296647510475380766428668443641914861849764330704062323054023252886955844207807229267936432730818329225450152491146839618683772020068682795388746108876393249306737841247788224204701299467519965182171772253974884845661168860422489046657965359832930382114760565628765599962013955588754803194908990025689040598990346417563277021386852342928910383706995866844541160576254266641602065102228267316550706943783591722246885978355472097314691737807509436806788803362444745551013400341861820755594413819894154786253014501454443272120342005711761286524843010157182464200556865694401941794983935172457481497909987740544409272349152397774548604845897687504977786762391359552407068124283290504752932824699865504970420939586707791994870941813718246825616335675307740641350673558328821461530563823677144691877374809441673507467507447891562257806191361453045937798278733402269265623588493124129181374135958668436774),
+(93936642222690597390233191619858485419795942047468396309991947772747208870873993801669373075421461116465960407843923269693395211616591453397070258466704654943689268224479477016161636938138334729982904232438440955361656138189836032891825113139184685132178764873033678116450665758561650355252211196676137179184043639278410827092182700922151290703747496962700158844772453483316974221113826173404445159281421213715669245417896170368554410830320000019029956317336703559699859949692222685614036912057150632902650913831404804982509990655560731349634628713944739168096272097122388116038119844786988276635032016787352796502360718569977397214936366251320294621522016.6483354941025384161536675750898007896744690911429670830432784905421638721478353275821072200938900938046264210604940707974410950770029535636602548377806284157951164875821446035013896786653932045182167021839184824627082391478016195098055107001433336586881395912782883663046617432598969149948351689103230162742769845955320418573803127107923535948653168889411316007796459064267436246637115946581149511513369842911210359447262641996566147462977170742544980481275049898092152042927981394239266559286915303786701737610786594006685748456635797125029722684151298695274097006242412384086302106763844070230264910503179385988626477852818174114043927841085089058972074427820150462261941575665882880501074676800316585217150509780489224388148722603385921057007086785238310735038314861960410473809826927329368597558806004392175746233568789445929554890241140656324160187253042639339549705859147930476532359840809944163908006480881926041259363654863689570520534301207043189181147254153307163555433328278834311658232337,
+ 1510.4332713542154696529645934345554302578243896764921637693542962119938599884313210100957753316832762996428481801312323020427109678979117469716796746760060470871840325255146954580681101106876674367471955788143763250819168311353856748872452260808797135108102729064040463343792765872545182299889360257515315869180266759715933989413256377582681707188367254513700731642913479683031478361835565783219287780434673712341147656477670848734998849030451414278832848680301511646182446524915091598080243532068451726548537866633622180283865668708517173065893429240665300584705585310049892047293928733753369421499719516009692095913169665213597158441636480707309244604139865130782756488091268094213446272360006907802989573582755585110277620911226015342778471352130366770729972784317323917141031824334355639769512749560550167491709646539950725523461943580211843652293561678342656010571108219244870234329176123205423872844099992204896411752620881541000940129833754169391528449211839693800724450201835161044717173715867437))
+SELECT trim_scale(ln(x::numeric)-bc_result) AS diff FROM t;
+
+--
+-- Tests for LOG() (base 10)
+--
+
+-- input very small, exact result known
+WITH t(x) AS (SELECT '1e-'||n FROM generate_series(1, 100) g(n))
+SELECT x, log(x::numeric) FROM t;
+
+-- input very small, non-exact results
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..50..7}
+-- do
+--   for d in {9..1..3}
+--   do
+--     l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l($d*10^-$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
+--     echo "('${d}.0e-$p', $l),"
+--   done
+-- done
+
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('9.0e-1', -.04575749056067513),
+('6.0e-1', -.2218487496163564),
+('3.0e-1', -.5228787452803376),
+('9.0e-8', -7.045757490560675),
+('6.0e-8', -7.221848749616356),
+('3.0e-8', -7.522878745280338),
+('9.0e-15', -14.0457574905606751),
+('6.0e-15', -14.2218487496163564),
+('3.0e-15', -14.5228787452803376),
+('9.0e-22', -21.04575749056067512540994),
+('6.0e-22', -21.22184874961635636749123),
+('3.0e-22', -21.52287874528033756270497),
+('9.0e-29', -28.045757490560675125409944193490),
+('6.0e-29', -28.221848749616356367491233202020),
+('3.0e-29', -28.522878745280337562704972096745),
+('9.0e-36', -35.0457574905606751254099441934897693816),
+('6.0e-36', -35.2218487496163563674912332020203916640),
+('3.0e-36', -35.5228787452803375627049720967448846908),
+('9.0e-43', -42.04575749056067512540994419348976938159974227),
+('6.0e-43', -42.22184874961635636749123320202039166403168125),
+('3.0e-43', -42.52287874528033756270497209674488469079987114),
+('9.0e-50', -49.045757490560675125409944193489769381599742271618608),
+('6.0e-50', -49.221848749616356367491233202020391664031681254347196),
+('3.0e-50', -49.522878745280337562704972096744884690799871135809304))
+SELECT x, bc_result, log(x::numeric), log(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+-- input very close to but smaller than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40..7}
+-- do
+--   for d in {9..1..3}
+--   do
+--     l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1-$d*10^-$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
+--     echo "('${d}.0e-$p', $l),"
+--   done
+-- done
+
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('9.0e-1', -1.0000000000000000),
+('6.0e-1', -.3979400086720376),
+('3.0e-1', -.1549019599857432),
+('9.0e-8', -.000000039086505130185422),
+('6.0e-8', -.000000026057669695925208),
+('3.0e-8', -.000000013028834652530076),
+('9.0e-15', -.0000000000000039086503371292840),
+('6.0e-15', -.0000000000000026057668914195188),
+('3.0e-15', -.0000000000000013028834457097574),
+('9.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000013028834457097555),
+('9.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555),
+('9.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555))
+SELECT '1-'||x, bc_result, log(1.0-x::numeric), log(1.0-x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+-- input very close to but larger than 1
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {1..40..7}
+-- do
+--   for d in {9..1..3}
+--   do
+--     l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1+$d*10^-$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
+--     echo "('${d}.0e-$p', $l),"
+--   done
+-- done
+
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('9.0e-1', .2787536009528290),
+('6.0e-1', .2041199826559248),
+('3.0e-1', .1139433523068368),
+('9.0e-8', .000000039086501612400118),
+('6.0e-8', .000000026057668132465074),
+('3.0e-8', .000000013028834261665042),
+('9.0e-15', .0000000000000039086503371292489),
+('6.0e-15', .0000000000000026057668914195031),
+('3.0e-15', .0000000000000013028834457097535),
+('9.0e-22', .00000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-22', .00000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-22', .00000000000000000000013028834457097555),
+('9.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555),
+('9.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
+('6.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
+('3.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555))
+SELECT '1+'||x, bc_result, log(1.0+x::numeric), log(1.0+x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
+
+-- input very large, exact result known
+WITH t(x) AS (SELECT '1e'||n FROM generate_series(1, 100) g(n))
+SELECT x, log(x::numeric) FROM t;
+
+-- input very large, non-exact results
+--
+-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
+-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
+--
+-- for p in {10..50..7}
+--   do
+--   for d in {2..9..3}
+--   do
+--     l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l($d*10^$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
+--     echo "('${d}.0e$p', $l),"
+--   done
+-- done
+
+WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
+('2.0e10', 10.301029995663981),
+('5.0e10', 10.698970004336019),
+('8.0e10', 10.903089986991944),
+('2.0e17', 17.301029995663981),
+('5.0e17', 17.698970004336019),
+('8.0e17', 17.903089986991944),
+('2.0e24', 24.301029995663981),
+('5.0e24', 24.698970004336019),
+('8.0e24', 24.903089986991944),
+('2.0e31', 31.301029995663981),
+('5.0e31', 31.698970004336019),
+('8.0e31', 31.903089986991944),
+('2.0e38', 38.301029995663981),
+('5.0e38', 38.698970004336019),
+('8.0e38', 38.903089986991944),
+('2.0e45', 45.30102999566398),
+('5.0e45', 45.69897000433602),
+('8.0e45', 45.90308998699194))
+SELECT x, bc_result, log(x::numeric), log(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/numerology.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/numerology.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be7d6df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/numerology.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+--
+-- NUMEROLOGY
+-- Test various combinations of numeric types and functions.
+--
+
+--
+-- Trailing junk in numeric literals
+--
+
+SELECT 123abc;
+SELECT 0x0o;
+SELECT 1_2_3;
+SELECT 0.a;
+SELECT 0.0a;
+SELECT .0a;
+SELECT 0.0e1a;
+SELECT 0.0e;
+SELECT 0.0e+a;
+PREPARE p1 AS SELECT $1a;
+
+--
+-- Test implicit type conversions
+-- This fails for Postgres v6.1 (and earlier?)
+--  so let's try explicit conversions for now - tgl 97/05/07
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE TEMP_FLOAT (f1 FLOAT8);
+
+INSERT INTO TEMP_FLOAT (f1)
+  SELECT float8(f1) FROM INT4_TBL;
+
+INSERT INTO TEMP_FLOAT (f1)
+  SELECT float8(f1) FROM INT2_TBL;
+
+SELECT f1 FROM TEMP_FLOAT
+  ORDER BY f1;
+
+-- int4
+
+CREATE TABLE TEMP_INT4 (f1 INT4);
+
+INSERT INTO TEMP_INT4 (f1)
+  SELECT int4(f1) FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+  WHERE (f1 > -2147483647) AND (f1 < 2147483647);
+
+INSERT INTO TEMP_INT4 (f1)
+  SELECT int4(f1) FROM INT2_TBL;
+
+SELECT f1 FROM TEMP_INT4
+  ORDER BY f1;
+
+-- int2
+
+CREATE TABLE TEMP_INT2 (f1 INT2);
+
+INSERT INTO TEMP_INT2 (f1)
+  SELECT int2(f1) FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+  WHERE (f1 >= -32767) AND (f1 <= 32767);
+
+INSERT INTO TEMP_INT2 (f1)
+  SELECT int2(f1) FROM INT4_TBL
+  WHERE (f1 >= -32767) AND (f1 <= 32767);
+
+SELECT f1 FROM TEMP_INT2
+  ORDER BY f1;
+
+--
+-- Group-by combinations
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE TEMP_GROUP (f1 INT4, f2 INT4, f3 FLOAT8);
+
+INSERT INTO TEMP_GROUP
+  SELECT 1, (- i.f1), (- f.f1)
+  FROM INT4_TBL i, FLOAT8_TBL f;
+
+INSERT INTO TEMP_GROUP
+  SELECT 2, i.f1, f.f1
+  FROM INT4_TBL i, FLOAT8_TBL f;
+
+SELECT DISTINCT f1 AS two FROM TEMP_GROUP ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT f1 AS two, max(f3) AS max_float, min(f3) as min_float
+  FROM TEMP_GROUP
+  GROUP BY f1
+  ORDER BY two, max_float, min_float;
+
+-- GROUP BY a result column name is not legal per SQL92, but we accept it
+-- anyway (if the name is not the name of any column exposed by FROM).
+SELECT f1 AS two, max(f3) AS max_float, min(f3) AS min_float
+  FROM TEMP_GROUP
+  GROUP BY two
+  ORDER BY two, max_float, min_float;
+
+SELECT f1 AS two, (max(f3) + 1) AS max_plus_1, (min(f3) - 1) AS min_minus_1
+  FROM TEMP_GROUP
+  GROUP BY f1
+  ORDER BY two, min_minus_1;
+
+SELECT f1 AS two,
+       max(f2) + min(f2) AS max_plus_min,
+       min(f3) - 1 AS min_minus_1
+  FROM TEMP_GROUP
+  GROUP BY f1
+  ORDER BY two, min_minus_1;
+
+DROP TABLE TEMP_INT2;
+
+DROP TABLE TEMP_INT4;
+
+DROP TABLE TEMP_FLOAT;
+
+DROP TABLE TEMP_GROUP;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/object_address.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/object_address.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e91072a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/object_address.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+--
+-- Test for pg_get_object_address
+--
+
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_addr_user;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+CREATE USER regress_addr_user;
+
+-- Test generic object addressing/identification functions
+CREATE SCHEMA addr_nsp;
+SET search_path TO 'addr_nsp';
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER addr_fdw;
+CREATE SERVER addr_fserv FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER addr_fdw;
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY addr_ts_dict (template=simple);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION addr_ts_conf (copy=english);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE addr_ts_temp (lexize=dsimple_lexize);
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER addr_ts_prs
+    (start = prsd_start, gettoken = prsd_nexttoken, end = prsd_end, lextypes = prsd_lextype);
+CREATE TABLE addr_nsp.gentable (
+	a serial primary key CONSTRAINT a_chk CHECK (a > 0),
+	b text DEFAULT 'hello');
+CREATE TABLE addr_nsp.parttable (
+	a int PRIMARY KEY
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE VIEW addr_nsp.genview AS SELECT * from addr_nsp.gentable;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW addr_nsp.genmatview AS SELECT * FROM addr_nsp.gentable;
+CREATE TYPE addr_nsp.gencomptype AS (a int);
+CREATE TYPE addr_nsp.genenum AS ENUM ('one', 'two');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE addr_nsp.genftable (a int) SERVER addr_fserv;
+CREATE AGGREGATE addr_nsp.genaggr(int4) (sfunc = int4pl, stype = int4);
+CREATE DOMAIN addr_nsp.gendomain AS int4 CONSTRAINT domconstr CHECK (value > 0);
+CREATE FUNCTION addr_nsp.trig() RETURNS TRIGGER LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ BEGIN END; $$;
+CREATE TRIGGER t BEFORE INSERT ON addr_nsp.gentable FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE addr_nsp.trig();
+CREATE POLICY genpol ON addr_nsp.gentable;
+CREATE PROCEDURE addr_nsp.proc(int4) LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ $$;
+CREATE SERVER "integer" FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER addr_fdw;
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR regress_addr_user SERVER "integer";
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_addr_user IN SCHEMA public GRANT ALL ON TABLES TO regress_addr_user;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_addr_user REVOKE DELETE ON TABLES FROM regress_addr_user;
+-- this transform would be quite unsafe to leave lying around,
+-- except that the SQL language pays no attention to transforms:
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR int LANGUAGE SQL (
+	FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION prsd_lextype(internal),
+	TO SQL WITH FUNCTION int4recv(internal));
+-- suppress warning that depends on wal_level
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION addr_pub FOR TABLE addr_nsp.gentable;
+CREATE PUBLICATION addr_pub_schema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA addr_nsp;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_addr_sub CONNECTION '' PUBLICATION bar WITH (connect = false, slot_name = NONE);
+CREATE STATISTICS addr_nsp.gentable_stat ON a, b FROM addr_nsp.gentable;
+
+-- test some error cases
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('stone', '{}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('table', '{}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('table', '{NULL}', '{}');
+
+-- unrecognized object types
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+	objtype text;
+BEGIN
+	FOR objtype IN VALUES ('toast table'), ('index column'), ('sequence column'),
+		('toast table column'), ('view column'), ('materialized view column')
+	LOOP
+		BEGIN
+			PERFORM pg_get_object_address(objtype, '{one}', '{}');
+		EXCEPTION WHEN invalid_parameter_value THEN
+			RAISE WARNING 'error for %: %', objtype, sqlerrm;
+		END;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+
+-- miscellaneous other errors
+select * from pg_get_object_address('operator of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,1}', '{int4,bool}');
+select * from pg_get_object_address('operator of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,99}', '{int4,int4}');
+select * from pg_get_object_address('function of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,1}', '{int4,bool}');
+select * from pg_get_object_address('function of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,99}', '{int4,int4}');
+
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+	objtype text;
+	names	text[];
+	args	text[];
+BEGIN
+	FOR objtype IN VALUES
+		('table'), ('index'), ('sequence'), ('view'),
+		('materialized view'), ('foreign table'),
+		('table column'), ('foreign table column'),
+		('aggregate'), ('function'), ('procedure'), ('type'), ('cast'),
+		('table constraint'), ('domain constraint'), ('conversion'), ('default value'),
+		('operator'), ('operator class'), ('operator family'), ('rule'), ('trigger'),
+		('text search parser'), ('text search dictionary'),
+		('text search template'), ('text search configuration'),
+		('policy'), ('user mapping'), ('default acl'), ('transform'),
+		('operator of access method'), ('function of access method'),
+		('publication namespace'), ('publication relation')
+	LOOP
+		FOR names IN VALUES ('{eins}'), ('{addr_nsp, zwei}'), ('{eins, zwei, drei}')
+		LOOP
+			FOR args IN VALUES ('{}'), ('{integer}')
+			LOOP
+				BEGIN
+					PERFORM pg_get_object_address(objtype, names, args);
+				EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
+						RAISE WARNING 'error for %,%,%: %', objtype, names, args, sqlerrm;
+				END;
+			END LOOP;
+		END LOOP;
+	END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+
+-- these object types cannot be qualified names
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('language', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('language', '{one,two}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('large object', '{123}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('large object', '{123,456}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('large object', '{blargh}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('schema', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('schema', '{one,two}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('role', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('role', '{one,two}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('database', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('database', '{one,two}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('tablespace', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('tablespace', '{one,two}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('foreign-data wrapper', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('foreign-data wrapper', '{one,two}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('server', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('server', '{one,two}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('extension', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('extension', '{one,two}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('event trigger', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('event trigger', '{one,two}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('access method', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('access method', '{one,two}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('publication', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('publication', '{one,two}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('subscription', '{one}', '{}');
+SELECT pg_get_object_address('subscription', '{one,two}', '{}');
+
+-- test successful cases
+WITH objects (type, name, args) AS (VALUES
+				('table', '{addr_nsp, gentable}'::text[], '{}'::text[]),
+				('table', '{addr_nsp, parttable}'::text[], '{}'::text[]),
+				('index', '{addr_nsp, gentable_pkey}', '{}'),
+				('index', '{addr_nsp, parttable_pkey}', '{}'),
+				('sequence', '{addr_nsp, gentable_a_seq}', '{}'),
+				-- toast table
+				('view', '{addr_nsp, genview}', '{}'),
+				('materialized view', '{addr_nsp, genmatview}', '{}'),
+				('foreign table', '{addr_nsp, genftable}', '{}'),
+				('table column', '{addr_nsp, gentable, b}', '{}'),
+				('foreign table column', '{addr_nsp, genftable, a}', '{}'),
+				('aggregate', '{addr_nsp, genaggr}', '{int4}'),
+				('function', '{pg_catalog, pg_identify_object}', '{pg_catalog.oid, pg_catalog.oid, int4}'),
+				('procedure', '{addr_nsp, proc}', '{int4}'),
+				('type', '{pg_catalog._int4}', '{}'),
+				('type', '{addr_nsp.gendomain}', '{}'),
+				('type', '{addr_nsp.gencomptype}', '{}'),
+				('type', '{addr_nsp.genenum}', '{}'),
+				('cast', '{int8}', '{int4}'),
+				('collation', '{default}', '{}'),
+				('table constraint', '{addr_nsp, gentable, a_chk}', '{}'),
+				('domain constraint', '{addr_nsp.gendomain}', '{domconstr}'),
+				('conversion', '{pg_catalog, koi8_r_to_mic}', '{}'),
+				('default value', '{addr_nsp, gentable, b}', '{}'),
+				('language', '{plpgsql}', '{}'),
+				-- large object
+				('operator', '{+}', '{int4, int4}'),
+				('operator class', '{btree, int4_ops}', '{}'),
+				('operator family', '{btree, integer_ops}', '{}'),
+				('operator of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,1}', '{integer,integer}'),
+				('function of access method', '{btree,integer_ops,2}', '{integer,integer}'),
+				('rule', '{addr_nsp, genview, _RETURN}', '{}'),
+				('trigger', '{addr_nsp, gentable, t}', '{}'),
+				('schema', '{addr_nsp}', '{}'),
+				('text search parser', '{addr_ts_prs}', '{}'),
+				('text search dictionary', '{addr_ts_dict}', '{}'),
+				('text search template', '{addr_ts_temp}', '{}'),
+				('text search configuration', '{addr_ts_conf}', '{}'),
+				('role', '{regress_addr_user}', '{}'),
+				-- database
+				-- tablespace
+				('foreign-data wrapper', '{addr_fdw}', '{}'),
+				('server', '{addr_fserv}', '{}'),
+				('user mapping', '{regress_addr_user}', '{integer}'),
+				('default acl', '{regress_addr_user,public}', '{r}'),
+				('default acl', '{regress_addr_user}', '{r}'),
+				-- extension
+				-- event trigger
+				('policy', '{addr_nsp, gentable, genpol}', '{}'),
+				('transform', '{int}', '{sql}'),
+				('access method', '{btree}', '{}'),
+				('publication', '{addr_pub}', '{}'),
+				('publication namespace', '{addr_nsp}', '{addr_pub_schema}'),
+				('publication relation', '{addr_nsp, gentable}', '{addr_pub}'),
+				('subscription', '{regress_addr_sub}', '{}'),
+				('statistics object', '{addr_nsp, gentable_stat}', '{}')
+        )
+SELECT (pg_identify_object(addr1.classid, addr1.objid, addr1.objsubid)).*,
+	-- test roundtrip through pg_identify_object_as_address
+	ROW(pg_identify_object(addr1.classid, addr1.objid, addr1.objsubid)) =
+	ROW(pg_identify_object(addr2.classid, addr2.objid, addr2.objsubid))
+	  FROM objects, pg_get_object_address(type, name, args) addr1,
+			pg_identify_object_as_address(classid, objid, objsubid) ioa(typ,nms,args),
+			pg_get_object_address(typ, nms, ioa.args) as addr2
+	ORDER BY addr1.classid, addr1.objid, addr1.objsubid;
+
+---
+--- Cleanup resources
+---
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER addr_fdw CASCADE;
+DROP PUBLICATION addr_pub;
+DROP PUBLICATION addr_pub_schema;
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_addr_sub;
+
+DROP SCHEMA addr_nsp CASCADE;
+
+DROP OWNED BY regress_addr_user;
+DROP USER regress_addr_user;
+
+--
+-- Checks for invalid objects
+--
+-- Make sure that NULL handling is correct.
+\pset null 'NULL'
+-- Temporarily disable fancy output, so as future additions never create
+-- a large amount of diffs.
+\a\t
+
+-- Keep this list in the same order as getObjectIdentityParts()
+-- in objectaddress.c.
+WITH objects (classid, objid, objsubid) AS (VALUES
+    ('pg_class'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no relation
+    ('pg_class'::regclass, 'pg_class'::regclass, 100), -- no column for relation
+    ('pg_proc'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no function
+    ('pg_type'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no type
+    ('pg_cast'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no cast
+    ('pg_collation'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no collation
+    ('pg_constraint'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no constraint
+    ('pg_conversion'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no conversion
+    ('pg_attrdef'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no default attribute
+    ('pg_language'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no language
+    ('pg_largeobject'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no large object, no error
+    ('pg_operator'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no operator
+    ('pg_opclass'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no opclass, no need to check for no access method
+    ('pg_opfamily'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no opfamily
+    ('pg_am'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no access method
+    ('pg_amop'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no AM operator
+    ('pg_amproc'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no AM proc
+    ('pg_rewrite'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no rewrite
+    ('pg_trigger'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no trigger
+    ('pg_namespace'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no schema
+    ('pg_statistic_ext'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no statistics
+    ('pg_ts_parser'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no TS parser
+    ('pg_ts_dict'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no TS dictionary
+    ('pg_ts_template'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no TS template
+    ('pg_ts_config'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no TS configuration
+    ('pg_authid'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no role
+    ('pg_database'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no database
+    ('pg_tablespace'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no tablespace
+    ('pg_foreign_data_wrapper'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no FDW
+    ('pg_foreign_server'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no server
+    ('pg_user_mapping'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no user mapping
+    ('pg_default_acl'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no default ACL
+    ('pg_extension'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no extension
+    ('pg_event_trigger'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no event trigger
+    ('pg_policy'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no policy
+    ('pg_publication'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no publication
+    ('pg_publication_rel'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no publication relation
+    ('pg_subscription'::regclass, 0, 0), -- no subscription
+    ('pg_transform'::regclass, 0, 0) -- no transformation
+  )
+SELECT ROW(pg_identify_object(objects.classid, objects.objid, objects.objsubid))
+         AS ident,
+       ROW(pg_identify_object_as_address(objects.classid, objects.objid, objects.objsubid))
+         AS addr,
+       pg_describe_object(objects.classid, objects.objid, objects.objsubid)
+         AS descr
+FROM objects
+ORDER BY objects.classid, objects.objid, objects.objsubid;
+
+-- restore normal output mode
+\a\t
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/oid.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/oid.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25b4b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/oid.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+--
+-- OID
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE OID_TBL(f1 oid);
+
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1234');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('1235');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('987');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-1040');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('99999999');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5     ');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('   10  ');
+-- leading/trailing hard tab is also allowed
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('	  15 	  ');
+
+-- bad inputs
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    ');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdfasd');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('99asdfasd');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5    d');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('    5d');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('5    5');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES (' - 500');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('32958209582039852935');
+INSERT INTO OID_TBL(f1) VALUES ('-23582358720398502385');
+
+SELECT * FROM OID_TBL;
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 = 1234;
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 <> '1234';
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 <= '1234';
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 < '1234';
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 >= '1234';
+
+SELECT o.* FROM OID_TBL o WHERE o.f1 > '1234';
+
+DROP TABLE OID_TBL;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/oidjoins.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/oidjoins.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b22e6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/oidjoins.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+--
+-- Verify system catalog foreign key relationships
+--
+DO $doblock$
+declare
+  fk record;
+  nkeys integer;
+  cmd text;
+  err record;
+begin
+  for fk in select * from pg_get_catalog_foreign_keys()
+  loop
+    raise notice 'checking % % => % %',
+      fk.fktable, fk.fkcols, fk.pktable, fk.pkcols;
+    nkeys := array_length(fk.fkcols, 1);
+    cmd := 'SELECT ctid';
+    for i in 1 .. nkeys loop
+      cmd := cmd || ', ' || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[i]);
+    end loop;
+    if fk.is_array then
+      cmd := cmd || ' FROM (SELECT ctid';
+      for i in 1 .. nkeys-1 loop
+        cmd := cmd || ', ' || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[i]);
+      end loop;
+      cmd := cmd || ', unnest(' || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[nkeys]);
+      cmd := cmd || ') as ' || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[nkeys]);
+      cmd := cmd || ' FROM ' || fk.fktable::text || ') fk WHERE ';
+    else
+      cmd := cmd || ' FROM ' || fk.fktable::text || ' fk WHERE ';
+    end if;
+    if fk.is_opt then
+      for i in 1 .. nkeys loop
+        cmd := cmd || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[i]) || ' != 0 AND ';
+      end loop;
+    end if;
+    cmd := cmd || 'NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM ' || fk.pktable::text || ' pk WHERE ';
+    for i in 1 .. nkeys loop
+      if i > 1 then cmd := cmd || ' AND '; end if;
+      cmd := cmd || 'pk.' || quote_ident(fk.pkcols[i]);
+      cmd := cmd || ' = fk.' || quote_ident(fk.fkcols[i]);
+    end loop;
+    cmd := cmd || ')';
+    -- raise notice 'cmd = %', cmd;
+    for err in execute cmd loop
+      raise warning 'FK VIOLATION IN %(%): %', fk.fktable, fk.fkcols, err;
+    end loop;
+  end loop;
+end
+$doblock$;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/opr_sanity.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/opr_sanity.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b29285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/opr_sanity.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1393 @@
+--
+-- OPR_SANITY
+-- Sanity checks for common errors in making operator/procedure system tables:
+-- pg_operator, pg_proc, pg_cast, pg_conversion, pg_aggregate, pg_am,
+-- pg_amop, pg_amproc, pg_opclass, pg_opfamily, pg_index.
+--
+-- Every test failure in this file should be closely inspected.
+-- The description of the failing test should be read carefully before
+-- adjusting the expected output.  In most cases, the queries should
+-- not find *any* matching entries.
+--
+-- NB: we assume the oidjoins test will have caught any dangling links,
+-- that is OID or REGPROC fields that are not zero and do not match some
+-- row in the linked-to table.  However, if we want to enforce that a link
+-- field can't be 0, we have to check it here.
+--
+-- NB: run this test earlier than the create_operator test, because
+-- that test creates some bogus operators...
+
+
+-- **************** pg_proc ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_proc fields.
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prolang = 0 OR p1.prorettype = 0 OR
+       p1.pronargs < 0 OR
+       p1.pronargdefaults < 0 OR
+       p1.pronargdefaults > p1.pronargs OR
+       array_lower(p1.proargtypes, 1) != 0 OR
+       array_upper(p1.proargtypes, 1) != p1.pronargs-1 OR
+       0::oid = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+       procost <= 0 OR
+       CASE WHEN proretset THEN prorows <= 0 ELSE prorows != 0 END OR
+       prokind NOT IN ('f', 'a', 'w', 'p') OR
+       provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's', 'v') OR
+       proparallel NOT IN ('s', 'r', 'u');
+
+-- prosrc should never be null; it can be empty only if prosqlbody isn't null
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE prosrc IS NULL;
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE (prosrc = '' OR prosrc = '-') AND prosqlbody IS NULL;
+
+-- proretset should only be set for normal functions
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE proretset AND prokind != 'f';
+
+-- currently, no built-in functions should be SECURITY DEFINER;
+-- this might change in future, but there will probably never be many.
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE prosecdef
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- pronargdefaults should be 0 iff proargdefaults is null
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE (pronargdefaults <> 0) != (proargdefaults IS NOT NULL);
+
+-- probin should be non-empty for C functions, null everywhere else
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE prolang = 13 AND (probin IS NULL OR probin = '' OR probin = '-');
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE prolang != 13 AND probin IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- Look for conflicting proc definitions (same names and input datatypes).
+-- (This test should be dead code now that we have the unique index
+-- pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index, but I'll leave it in anyway.)
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.proname = p2.proname AND
+    p1.pronargs = p2.pronargs AND
+    p1.proargtypes = p2.proargtypes;
+
+-- Considering only built-in procs (prolang = 12), look for multiple uses
+-- of the same internal function (ie, matching prosrc fields).  It's OK to
+-- have several entries with different pronames for the same internal function,
+-- but conflicts in the number of arguments and other critical items should
+-- be complained of.  (We don't check data types here; see next query.)
+-- Note: ignore aggregate functions here, since they all point to the same
+-- dummy built-in function.
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid < p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    (p1.prokind != 'a' OR p2.prokind != 'a') AND
+    (p1.prolang != p2.prolang OR
+     p1.prokind != p2.prokind OR
+     p1.prosecdef != p2.prosecdef OR
+     p1.proleakproof != p2.proleakproof OR
+     p1.proisstrict != p2.proisstrict OR
+     p1.proretset != p2.proretset OR
+     p1.provolatile != p2.provolatile OR
+     p1.pronargs != p2.pronargs);
+
+-- Look for uses of different type OIDs in the argument/result type fields
+-- for different aliases of the same built-in function.
+-- This indicates that the types are being presumed to be binary-equivalent,
+-- or that the built-in function is prepared to deal with different types.
+-- That's not wrong, necessarily, but we make lists of all the types being
+-- so treated.  Note that the expected output of this part of the test will
+-- need to be modified whenever new pairs of types are made binary-equivalent,
+-- or when new polymorphic built-in functions are added!
+-- Note: ignore aggregate functions here, since they all point to the same
+-- dummy built-in function.  Likewise, ignore range and multirange constructor
+-- functions.
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.prorettype::regtype, p2.prorettype::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    (p1.prorettype < p2.prorettype)
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[0]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[0]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[0] < p2.proargtypes[0])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[1]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[1]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'range\\_constructor_' AND
+    p1.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    p2.prosrc NOT LIKE E'multirange\\_constructor_' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[1] < p2.proargtypes[1])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[2]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[2]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[2] < p2.proargtypes[2])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[3]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[3]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[3] < p2.proargtypes[3])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[4]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[4]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[4] < p2.proargtypes[4])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[5]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[5]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[5] < p2.proargtypes[5])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[6]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[6]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[6] < p2.proargtypes[6])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+SELECT DISTINCT p1.proargtypes[7]::regtype, p2.proargtypes[7]::regtype
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid != p2.oid AND
+    p1.prosrc = p2.prosrc AND
+    p1.prolang = 12 AND p2.prolang = 12 AND
+    p1.prokind != 'a' AND p2.prokind != 'a' AND
+    (p1.proargtypes[7] < p2.proargtypes[7])
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- Look for functions that return type "internal" and do not have any
+-- "internal" argument.  Such a function would be a security hole since
+-- it might be used to call an internal function from an SQL command.
+-- As of 7.3 this query should find only internal_in, which is safe because
+-- it always throws an error when called.
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prorettype = 'internal'::regtype AND NOT
+    'internal'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes);
+
+-- Look for functions that return a polymorphic type and do not have any
+-- polymorphic argument.  Calls of such functions would be unresolvable
+-- at parse time.  As of 9.6 this query should find only some input functions
+-- and GiST support functions associated with these pseudotypes.
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prorettype IN
+    ('anyelement'::regtype, 'anyarray'::regtype, 'anynonarray'::regtype,
+     'anyenum'::regtype)
+  AND NOT
+    ('anyelement'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anyarray'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anynonarray'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anyenum'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anyrange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anymultirange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes))
+ORDER BY 2;
+
+-- anyrange and anymultirange are tighter than the rest, can only resolve
+-- from each other
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prorettype IN ('anyrange'::regtype, 'anymultirange'::regtype)
+  AND NOT
+    ('anyrange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+      'anymultirange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes))
+ORDER BY 2;
+
+-- similarly for the anycompatible family
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prorettype IN
+    ('anycompatible'::regtype, 'anycompatiblearray'::regtype,
+     'anycompatiblenonarray'::regtype)
+  AND NOT
+    ('anycompatible'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anycompatiblearray'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anycompatiblenonarray'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes) OR
+     'anycompatiblerange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes))
+ORDER BY 2;
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE p1.prorettype = 'anycompatiblerange'::regtype
+  AND NOT
+     'anycompatiblerange'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes)
+ORDER BY 2;
+
+
+-- Look for functions that accept cstring and are neither datatype input
+-- functions nor encoding conversion functions.  It's almost never a good
+-- idea to use cstring input for a function meant to be called from SQL;
+-- text should be used instead, because cstring lacks suitable casts.
+-- As of 9.6 this query should find only cstring_out and cstring_send.
+-- However, we must manually exclude shell_in, which might or might not be
+-- rejected by the EXISTS clause depending on whether there are currently
+-- any shell types.
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE 'cstring'::regtype = ANY (p1.proargtypes)
+    AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE typinput = p1.oid)
+    AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_conversion WHERE conproc = p1.oid)
+    AND p1.oid != 'shell_in(cstring)'::regprocedure
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Likewise, look for functions that return cstring and aren't datatype output
+-- functions nor typmod output functions.
+-- As of 9.6 this query should find only cstring_in and cstring_recv.
+-- However, we must manually exclude shell_out.
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE  p1.prorettype = 'cstring'::regtype
+    AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE typoutput = p1.oid)
+    AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE typmodout = p1.oid)
+    AND p1.oid != 'shell_out(void)'::regprocedure
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Check for length inconsistencies between the various argument-info arrays.
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proallargtypes IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proallargtypes,1) < array_length(proargtypes,1);
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proargmodes IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proargmodes,1) < array_length(proargtypes,1);
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proargnames IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proargnames,1) < array_length(proargtypes,1);
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proallargtypes IS NOT NULL AND proargmodes IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proallargtypes,1) <> array_length(proargmodes,1);
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proallargtypes IS NOT NULL AND proargnames IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proallargtypes,1) <> array_length(proargnames,1);
+
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proargmodes IS NOT NULL AND proargnames IS NOT NULL AND
+    array_length(proargmodes,1) <> array_length(proargnames,1);
+
+-- Check that proallargtypes matches proargtypes
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname, p1.proargtypes, p1.proallargtypes, p1.proargmodes
+FROM pg_proc as p1
+WHERE proallargtypes IS NOT NULL AND
+  ARRAY(SELECT unnest(proargtypes)) <>
+  ARRAY(SELECT proallargtypes[i]
+        FROM generate_series(1, array_length(proallargtypes, 1)) g(i)
+        WHERE proargmodes IS NULL OR proargmodes[i] IN ('i', 'b', 'v'));
+
+-- Check for prosupport functions with the wrong signature
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p2.oid = p1.prosupport AND
+    (p2.prorettype != 'internal'::regtype OR p2.proretset OR p2.pronargs != 1
+     OR p2.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype);
+
+-- Insist that all built-in pg_proc entries have descriptions
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc as p1 LEFT JOIN pg_description as d
+     ON p1.tableoid = d.classoid and p1.oid = d.objoid and d.objsubid = 0
+WHERE d.classoid IS NULL AND p1.oid <= 9999;
+
+-- List of built-in leakproof functions
+--
+-- Leakproof functions should only be added after carefully
+-- scrutinizing all possibly executed codepaths for possible
+-- information leaks. Don't add functions here unless you know what a
+-- leakproof function is. If unsure, don't mark it as such.
+
+-- temporarily disable fancy output, so catalog changes create less diff noise
+\a\t
+
+SELECT p1.oid::regprocedure
+FROM pg_proc p1 JOIN pg_namespace pn
+     ON pronamespace = pn.oid
+WHERE nspname = 'pg_catalog' AND proleakproof
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- restore normal output mode
+\a\t
+
+-- List of functions used by libpq's fe-lobj.c
+--
+-- If the output of this query changes, you probably broke libpq.
+-- lo_initialize() assumes that there will be at most one match for
+-- each listed name.
+select proname, oid from pg_catalog.pg_proc
+where proname in (
+  'lo_open',
+  'lo_close',
+  'lo_creat',
+  'lo_create',
+  'lo_unlink',
+  'lo_lseek',
+  'lo_lseek64',
+  'lo_tell',
+  'lo_tell64',
+  'lo_truncate',
+  'lo_truncate64',
+  'loread',
+  'lowrite')
+and pronamespace = (select oid from pg_catalog.pg_namespace
+                    where nspname = 'pg_catalog')
+order by 1;
+
+-- Check that all immutable functions are marked parallel safe
+SELECT p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE provolatile = 'i' AND proparallel = 'u';
+
+
+-- **************** pg_cast ****************
+
+-- Catch bogus values in pg_cast columns (other than cases detected by
+-- oidjoins test).
+
+SELECT *
+FROM pg_cast c
+WHERE castsource = 0 OR casttarget = 0 OR castcontext NOT IN ('e', 'a', 'i')
+    OR castmethod NOT IN ('f', 'b' ,'i');
+
+-- Check that castfunc is nonzero only for cast methods that need a function,
+-- and zero otherwise
+
+SELECT *
+FROM pg_cast c
+WHERE (castmethod = 'f' AND castfunc = 0)
+   OR (castmethod IN ('b', 'i') AND castfunc <> 0);
+
+-- Look for casts to/from the same type that aren't length coercion functions.
+-- (We assume they are length coercions if they take multiple arguments.)
+-- Such entries are not necessarily harmful, but they are useless.
+
+SELECT *
+FROM pg_cast c
+WHERE castsource = casttarget AND castfunc = 0;
+
+SELECT c.*
+FROM pg_cast c, pg_proc p
+WHERE c.castfunc = p.oid AND p.pronargs < 2 AND castsource = casttarget;
+
+-- Look for cast functions that don't have the right signature.  The
+-- argument and result types in pg_proc must be the same as, or binary
+-- compatible with, what it says in pg_cast.
+-- As a special case, we allow casts from CHAR(n) that use functions
+-- declared to take TEXT.  This does not pass the binary-coercibility test
+-- because CHAR(n)-to-TEXT normally invokes rtrim().  However, the results
+-- are the same, so long as the function is one that ignores trailing blanks.
+
+SELECT c.*
+FROM pg_cast c, pg_proc p
+WHERE c.castfunc = p.oid AND
+    (p.pronargs < 1 OR p.pronargs > 3
+     OR NOT (binary_coercible(c.castsource, p.proargtypes[0])
+             OR (c.castsource = 'character'::regtype AND
+                 p.proargtypes[0] = 'text'::regtype))
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(p.prorettype, c.casttarget));
+
+SELECT c.*
+FROM pg_cast c, pg_proc p
+WHERE c.castfunc = p.oid AND
+    ((p.pronargs > 1 AND p.proargtypes[1] != 'int4'::regtype) OR
+     (p.pronargs > 2 AND p.proargtypes[2] != 'bool'::regtype));
+
+-- Look for binary compatible casts that do not have the reverse
+-- direction registered as well, or where the reverse direction is not
+-- also binary compatible.  This is legal, but usually not intended.
+
+-- As of 7.4, this finds the casts from text and varchar to bpchar, because
+-- those are binary-compatible while the reverse way goes through rtrim().
+
+-- As of 8.2, this finds the cast from cidr to inet, because that is a
+-- trivial binary coercion while the other way goes through inet_to_cidr().
+
+-- As of 8.3, this finds the casts from xml to text, varchar, and bpchar,
+-- because those are binary-compatible while the reverse goes through
+-- texttoxml(), which does an XML syntax check.
+
+-- As of 9.1, this finds the cast from pg_node_tree to text, which we
+-- intentionally do not provide a reverse pathway for.
+
+SELECT castsource::regtype, casttarget::regtype, castfunc, castcontext
+FROM pg_cast c
+WHERE c.castmethod = 'b' AND
+    NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_cast k
+                WHERE k.castmethod = 'b' AND
+                    k.castsource = c.casttarget AND
+                    k.casttarget = c.castsource);
+
+
+-- **************** pg_conversion ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_conversion fields.
+
+SELECT c.oid, c.conname
+FROM pg_conversion as c
+WHERE c.conproc = 0 OR
+    pg_encoding_to_char(conforencoding) = '' OR
+    pg_encoding_to_char(contoencoding) = '';
+
+-- Look for conprocs that don't have the expected signature.
+
+SELECT p.oid, p.proname, c.oid, c.conname
+FROM pg_proc p, pg_conversion c
+WHERE p.oid = c.conproc AND
+    (p.prorettype != 'int4'::regtype OR p.proretset OR
+     p.pronargs != 6 OR
+     p.proargtypes[0] != 'int4'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[1] != 'int4'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[2] != 'cstring'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[3] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[4] != 'int4'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[5] != 'bool'::regtype);
+
+-- Check for conprocs that don't perform the specific conversion that
+-- pg_conversion alleges they do, by trying to invoke each conversion
+-- on some simple ASCII data.  (The conproc should throw an error if
+-- it doesn't accept the encodings that are passed to it.)
+-- Unfortunately, we can't test non-default conprocs this way, because
+-- there is no way to ask convert() to invoke them, and we cannot call
+-- them directly from SQL.  But there are no non-default built-in
+-- conversions anyway.
+-- (Similarly, this doesn't cope with any search path issues.)
+
+SELECT c.oid, c.conname
+FROM pg_conversion as c
+WHERE condefault AND
+    convert('ABC'::bytea, pg_encoding_to_char(conforencoding),
+            pg_encoding_to_char(contoencoding)) != 'ABC';
+
+
+-- **************** pg_operator ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_operator fields.
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_operator as o1
+WHERE (o1.oprkind != 'b' AND o1.oprkind != 'l') OR
+    o1.oprresult = 0 OR o1.oprcode = 0;
+
+-- Look for missing or unwanted operand types
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_operator as o1
+WHERE (o1.oprleft = 0 and o1.oprkind != 'l') OR
+    (o1.oprleft != 0 and o1.oprkind = 'l') OR
+    o1.oprright = 0;
+
+-- Look for conflicting operator definitions (same names and input datatypes).
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprcode, o2.oid, o2.oprcode
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2
+WHERE o1.oid != o2.oid AND
+    o1.oprname = o2.oprname AND
+    o1.oprkind = o2.oprkind AND
+    o1.oprleft = o2.oprleft AND
+    o1.oprright = o2.oprright;
+
+-- Look for commutative operators that don't commute.
+-- DEFINITIONAL NOTE: If A.oprcom = B, then x A y has the same result as y B x.
+-- We expect that B will always say that B.oprcom = A as well; that's not
+-- inherently essential, but it would be inefficient not to mark it so.
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprcode, o2.oid, o2.oprcode
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2
+WHERE o1.oprcom = o2.oid AND
+    (o1.oprkind != 'b' OR
+     o1.oprleft != o2.oprright OR
+     o1.oprright != o2.oprleft OR
+     o1.oprresult != o2.oprresult OR
+     o1.oid != o2.oprcom);
+
+-- Look for negatory operators that don't agree.
+-- DEFINITIONAL NOTE: If A.oprnegate = B, then both A and B must yield
+-- boolean results, and (x A y) == ! (x B y), or the equivalent for
+-- single-operand operators.
+-- We expect that B will always say that B.oprnegate = A as well; that's not
+-- inherently essential, but it would be inefficient not to mark it so.
+-- Also, A and B had better not be the same operator.
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprcode, o2.oid, o2.oprcode
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2
+WHERE o1.oprnegate = o2.oid AND
+    (o1.oprkind != o2.oprkind OR
+     o1.oprleft != o2.oprleft OR
+     o1.oprright != o2.oprright OR
+     o1.oprresult != 'bool'::regtype OR
+     o2.oprresult != 'bool'::regtype OR
+     o1.oid != o2.oprnegate OR
+     o1.oid = o2.oid);
+
+-- Make a list of the names of operators that are claimed to be commutator
+-- pairs.  This list will grow over time, but before accepting a new entry
+-- make sure you didn't link the wrong operators.
+
+SELECT DISTINCT o1.oprname AS op1, o2.oprname AS op2
+FROM pg_operator o1, pg_operator o2
+WHERE o1.oprcom = o2.oid AND o1.oprname <= o2.oprname
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- Likewise for negator pairs.
+
+SELECT DISTINCT o1.oprname AS op1, o2.oprname AS op2
+FROM pg_operator o1, pg_operator o2
+WHERE o1.oprnegate = o2.oid AND o1.oprname <= o2.oprname
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- A mergejoinable or hashjoinable operator must be binary, must return
+-- boolean, and must have a commutator (itself, unless it's a cross-type
+-- operator).
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname FROM pg_operator AS o1
+WHERE (o1.oprcanmerge OR o1.oprcanhash) AND NOT
+    (o1.oprkind = 'b' AND o1.oprresult = 'bool'::regtype AND o1.oprcom != 0);
+
+-- What's more, the commutator had better be mergejoinable/hashjoinable too.
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, o2.oid, o2.oprname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2
+WHERE o1.oprcom = o2.oid AND
+    (o1.oprcanmerge != o2.oprcanmerge OR
+     o1.oprcanhash != o2.oprcanhash);
+
+-- Mergejoinable operators should appear as equality members of btree index
+-- opfamilies.
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1
+WHERE o1.oprcanmerge AND NOT EXISTS
+  (SELECT 1 FROM pg_amop
+   WHERE amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'btree') AND
+         amopopr = o1.oid AND amopstrategy = 3);
+
+-- And the converse.
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p.amopfamily
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_amop p
+WHERE amopopr = o1.oid
+  AND amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'btree')
+  AND amopstrategy = 3
+  AND NOT o1.oprcanmerge;
+
+-- Hashable operators should appear as members of hash index opfamilies.
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1
+WHERE o1.oprcanhash AND NOT EXISTS
+  (SELECT 1 FROM pg_amop
+   WHERE amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'hash') AND
+         amopopr = o1.oid AND amopstrategy = 1);
+
+-- And the converse.
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p.amopfamily
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_amop p
+WHERE amopopr = o1.oid
+  AND amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'hash')
+  AND NOT o1.oprcanhash;
+
+-- Check that each operator defined in pg_operator matches its oprcode entry
+-- in pg_proc.  Easiest to do this separately for each oprkind.
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE o1.oprcode = p1.oid AND
+    o1.oprkind = 'b' AND
+    (p1.pronargs != 2
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(p1.prorettype, o1.oprresult)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(o1.oprleft, p1.proargtypes[0])
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(o1.oprright, p1.proargtypes[1]));
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE o1.oprcode = p1.oid AND
+    o1.oprkind = 'l' AND
+    (p1.pronargs != 1
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(p1.prorettype, o1.oprresult)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(o1.oprright, p1.proargtypes[0])
+     OR o1.oprleft != 0);
+
+-- If the operator is mergejoinable or hashjoinable, its underlying function
+-- should not be volatile.
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE o1.oprcode = p1.oid AND
+    (o1.oprcanmerge OR o1.oprcanhash) AND
+    p1.provolatile = 'v';
+
+-- If oprrest is set, the operator must return boolean,
+-- and it must link to a proc with the right signature
+-- to be a restriction selectivity estimator.
+-- The proc signature we want is: float8 proc(internal, oid, internal, int4)
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE o1.oprrest = p2.oid AND
+    (o1.oprresult != 'bool'::regtype OR
+     p2.prorettype != 'float8'::regtype OR p2.proretset OR
+     p2.pronargs != 4 OR
+     p2.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[1] != 'oid'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[2] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[3] != 'int4'::regtype);
+
+-- If oprjoin is set, the operator must be a binary boolean op,
+-- and it must link to a proc with the right signature
+-- to be a join selectivity estimator.
+-- The proc signature we want is: float8 proc(internal, oid, internal, int2, internal)
+-- (Note: the old signature with only 4 args is still allowed, but no core
+-- estimator should be using it.)
+
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE o1.oprjoin = p2.oid AND
+    (o1.oprkind != 'b' OR o1.oprresult != 'bool'::regtype OR
+     p2.prorettype != 'float8'::regtype OR p2.proretset OR
+     p2.pronargs != 5 OR
+     p2.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[1] != 'oid'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[2] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[3] != 'int2'::regtype OR
+     p2.proargtypes[4] != 'internal'::regtype);
+
+-- Insist that all built-in pg_operator entries have descriptions
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_operator as o1 LEFT JOIN pg_description as d
+     ON o1.tableoid = d.classoid and o1.oid = d.objoid and d.objsubid = 0
+WHERE d.classoid IS NULL AND o1.oid <= 9999;
+
+-- Check that operators' underlying functions have suitable comments,
+-- namely 'implementation of XXX operator'.  (Note: it's not necessary to
+-- put such comments into pg_proc.dat; initdb will generate them as needed.)
+-- In some cases involving legacy names for operators, there are multiple
+-- operators referencing the same pg_proc entry, so ignore operators whose
+-- comments say they are deprecated.
+-- We also have a few functions that are both operator support and meant to
+-- be called directly; those should have comments matching their operator.
+WITH funcdescs AS (
+  SELECT p.oid as p_oid, proname, o.oid as o_oid,
+    pd.description as prodesc,
+    'implementation of ' || oprname || ' operator' as expecteddesc,
+    od.description as oprdesc
+  FROM pg_proc p JOIN pg_operator o ON oprcode = p.oid
+       LEFT JOIN pg_description pd ON
+         (pd.objoid = p.oid and pd.classoid = p.tableoid and pd.objsubid = 0)
+       LEFT JOIN pg_description od ON
+         (od.objoid = o.oid and od.classoid = o.tableoid and od.objsubid = 0)
+  WHERE o.oid <= 9999
+)
+SELECT * FROM funcdescs
+  WHERE prodesc IS DISTINCT FROM expecteddesc
+    AND oprdesc NOT LIKE 'deprecated%'
+    AND prodesc IS DISTINCT FROM oprdesc;
+
+-- Show all the operator-implementation functions that have their own
+-- comments.  This should happen only in cases where the function and
+-- operator syntaxes are both documented at the user level.
+-- This should be a pretty short list; it's mostly legacy cases.
+WITH funcdescs AS (
+  SELECT p.oid as p_oid, proname, o.oid as o_oid,
+    pd.description as prodesc,
+    'implementation of ' || oprname || ' operator' as expecteddesc,
+    od.description as oprdesc
+  FROM pg_proc p JOIN pg_operator o ON oprcode = p.oid
+       LEFT JOIN pg_description pd ON
+         (pd.objoid = p.oid and pd.classoid = p.tableoid and pd.objsubid = 0)
+       LEFT JOIN pg_description od ON
+         (od.objoid = o.oid and od.classoid = o.tableoid and od.objsubid = 0)
+  WHERE o.oid <= 9999
+)
+SELECT p_oid, proname, prodesc FROM funcdescs
+  WHERE prodesc IS DISTINCT FROM expecteddesc
+    AND oprdesc NOT LIKE 'deprecated%'
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Operators that are commutator pairs should have identical volatility
+-- and leakproofness markings on their implementation functions.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprcode, o2.oid, o2.oprcode
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2, pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE o1.oprcom = o2.oid AND p1.oid = o1.oprcode AND p2.oid = o2.oprcode AND
+    (p1.provolatile != p2.provolatile OR
+     p1.proleakproof != p2.proleakproof);
+
+-- Likewise for negator pairs.
+SELECT o1.oid, o1.oprcode, o2.oid, o2.oprcode
+FROM pg_operator AS o1, pg_operator AS o2, pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE o1.oprnegate = o2.oid AND p1.oid = o1.oprcode AND p2.oid = o2.oprcode AND
+    (p1.provolatile != p2.provolatile OR
+     p1.proleakproof != p2.proleakproof);
+
+-- Btree comparison operators' functions should have the same volatility
+-- and leakproofness markings as the associated comparison support function.
+SELECT pp.oid::regprocedure as proc, pp.provolatile as vp, pp.proleakproof as lp,
+       po.oid::regprocedure as opr, po.provolatile as vo, po.proleakproof as lo
+FROM pg_proc pp, pg_proc po, pg_operator o, pg_amproc ap, pg_amop ao
+WHERE pp.oid = ap.amproc AND po.oid = o.oprcode AND o.oid = ao.amopopr AND
+    ao.amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'btree') AND
+    ao.amopfamily = ap.amprocfamily AND
+    ao.amoplefttype = ap.amproclefttype AND
+    ao.amoprighttype = ap.amprocrighttype AND
+    ap.amprocnum = 1 AND
+    (pp.provolatile != po.provolatile OR
+     pp.proleakproof != po.proleakproof)
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+
+-- **************** pg_aggregate ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_aggregate fields.
+
+SELECT ctid, aggfnoid::oid
+FROM pg_aggregate as a
+WHERE aggfnoid = 0 OR aggtransfn = 0 OR
+    aggkind NOT IN ('n', 'o', 'h') OR
+    aggnumdirectargs < 0 OR
+    (aggkind = 'n' AND aggnumdirectargs > 0) OR
+    aggfinalmodify NOT IN ('r', 's', 'w') OR
+    aggmfinalmodify NOT IN ('r', 's', 'w') OR
+    aggtranstype = 0 OR aggtransspace < 0 OR aggmtransspace < 0;
+
+-- Make sure the matching pg_proc entry is sensible, too.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    (p.prokind != 'a' OR p.proretset OR p.pronargs < a.aggnumdirectargs);
+
+-- Make sure there are no prokind = PROKIND_AGGREGATE pg_proc entries without matches.
+
+SELECT oid, proname
+FROM pg_proc as p
+WHERE p.prokind = 'a' AND
+    NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_aggregate a WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid);
+
+-- If there is no finalfn then the output type must be the transtype.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggfinalfn = 0 AND p.prorettype != a.aggtranstype;
+
+-- Cross-check transfn against its entry in pg_proc.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggtransfn = ptr.oid AND
+    (ptr.proretset
+     OR NOT (ptr.pronargs =
+             CASE WHEN a.aggkind = 'n' THEN p.pronargs + 1
+             ELSE greatest(p.pronargs - a.aggnumdirectargs, 1) + 1 END)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(ptr.prorettype, a.aggtranstype)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(a.aggtranstype, ptr.proargtypes[0])
+     OR (p.pronargs > 0 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], ptr.proargtypes[1]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 1 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[1], ptr.proargtypes[2]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 2 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[2], ptr.proargtypes[3]))
+     -- we could carry the check further, but 3 args is enough for now
+     OR (p.pronargs > 3)
+    );
+
+-- Cross-check finalfn (if present) against its entry in pg_proc.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, pfn.oid, pfn.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS pfn
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggfinalfn = pfn.oid AND
+    (pfn.proretset OR
+     NOT binary_coercible(pfn.prorettype, p.prorettype) OR
+     NOT binary_coercible(a.aggtranstype, pfn.proargtypes[0]) OR
+     CASE WHEN a.aggfinalextra THEN pfn.pronargs != p.pronargs + 1
+          ELSE pfn.pronargs != a.aggnumdirectargs + 1 END
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 1 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], pfn.proargtypes[1]))
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 2 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[1], pfn.proargtypes[2]))
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 3 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[2], pfn.proargtypes[3]))
+     -- we could carry the check further, but 4 args is enough for now
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 4)
+    );
+
+-- If transfn is strict then either initval should be non-NULL, or
+-- input type should match transtype so that the first non-null input
+-- can be assigned as the state value.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggtransfn = ptr.oid AND ptr.proisstrict AND
+    a.agginitval IS NULL AND
+    NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], a.aggtranstype);
+
+-- Check for inconsistent specifications of moving-aggregate columns.
+
+SELECT ctid, aggfnoid::oid
+FROM pg_aggregate as a
+WHERE aggmtranstype != 0 AND
+    (aggmtransfn = 0 OR aggminvtransfn = 0);
+
+SELECT ctid, aggfnoid::oid
+FROM pg_aggregate as a
+WHERE aggmtranstype = 0 AND
+    (aggmtransfn != 0 OR aggminvtransfn != 0 OR aggmfinalfn != 0 OR
+     aggmtransspace != 0 OR aggminitval IS NOT NULL);
+
+-- If there is no mfinalfn then the output type must be the mtranstype.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggmtransfn != 0 AND
+    a.aggmfinalfn = 0 AND p.prorettype != a.aggmtranstype;
+
+-- Cross-check mtransfn (if present) against its entry in pg_proc.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggmtransfn = ptr.oid AND
+    (ptr.proretset
+     OR NOT (ptr.pronargs =
+             CASE WHEN a.aggkind = 'n' THEN p.pronargs + 1
+             ELSE greatest(p.pronargs - a.aggnumdirectargs, 1) + 1 END)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(ptr.prorettype, a.aggmtranstype)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(a.aggmtranstype, ptr.proargtypes[0])
+     OR (p.pronargs > 0 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], ptr.proargtypes[1]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 1 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[1], ptr.proargtypes[2]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 2 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[2], ptr.proargtypes[3]))
+     -- we could carry the check further, but 3 args is enough for now
+     OR (p.pronargs > 3)
+    );
+
+-- Cross-check minvtransfn (if present) against its entry in pg_proc.
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggminvtransfn = ptr.oid AND
+    (ptr.proretset
+     OR NOT (ptr.pronargs =
+             CASE WHEN a.aggkind = 'n' THEN p.pronargs + 1
+             ELSE greatest(p.pronargs - a.aggnumdirectargs, 1) + 1 END)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(ptr.prorettype, a.aggmtranstype)
+     OR NOT binary_coercible(a.aggmtranstype, ptr.proargtypes[0])
+     OR (p.pronargs > 0 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], ptr.proargtypes[1]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 1 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[1], ptr.proargtypes[2]))
+     OR (p.pronargs > 2 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[2], ptr.proargtypes[3]))
+     -- we could carry the check further, but 3 args is enough for now
+     OR (p.pronargs > 3)
+    );
+
+-- Cross-check mfinalfn (if present) against its entry in pg_proc.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, pfn.oid, pfn.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS pfn
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggmfinalfn = pfn.oid AND
+    (pfn.proretset OR
+     NOT binary_coercible(pfn.prorettype, p.prorettype) OR
+     NOT binary_coercible(a.aggmtranstype, pfn.proargtypes[0]) OR
+     CASE WHEN a.aggmfinalextra THEN pfn.pronargs != p.pronargs + 1
+          ELSE pfn.pronargs != a.aggnumdirectargs + 1 END
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 1 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], pfn.proargtypes[1]))
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 2 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[1], pfn.proargtypes[2]))
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 3 AND
+         NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[2], pfn.proargtypes[3]))
+     -- we could carry the check further, but 4 args is enough for now
+     OR (pfn.pronargs > 4)
+    );
+
+-- If mtransfn is strict then either minitval should be non-NULL, or
+-- input type should match mtranstype so that the first non-null input
+-- can be assigned as the state value.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggmtransfn = ptr.oid AND ptr.proisstrict AND
+    a.aggminitval IS NULL AND
+    NOT binary_coercible(p.proargtypes[0], a.aggmtranstype);
+
+-- mtransfn and minvtransfn should have same strictness setting.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, p.proname, ptr.oid, ptr.proname, iptr.oid, iptr.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p, pg_proc AS ptr, pg_proc AS iptr
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND
+    a.aggmtransfn = ptr.oid AND
+    a.aggminvtransfn = iptr.oid AND
+    ptr.proisstrict != iptr.proisstrict;
+
+-- Check that all combine functions have signature
+-- combine(transtype, transtype) returns transtype
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggcombinefn = p.oid AND
+    (p.pronargs != 2 OR
+     p.prorettype != p.proargtypes[0] OR
+     p.prorettype != p.proargtypes[1] OR
+     NOT binary_coercible(a.aggtranstype, p.proargtypes[0]));
+
+-- Check that no combine function for an INTERNAL transtype is strict.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggcombinefn = p.oid AND
+    a.aggtranstype = 'internal'::regtype AND p.proisstrict;
+
+-- serialize/deserialize functions should be specified only for aggregates
+-- with transtype internal and a combine function, and we should have both
+-- or neither of them.
+
+SELECT aggfnoid, aggtranstype, aggserialfn, aggdeserialfn
+FROM pg_aggregate
+WHERE (aggserialfn != 0 OR aggdeserialfn != 0)
+  AND (aggtranstype != 'internal'::regtype OR aggcombinefn = 0 OR
+       aggserialfn = 0 OR aggdeserialfn = 0);
+
+-- Check that all serialization functions have signature
+-- serialize(internal) returns bytea
+-- Also insist that they be strict; it's wasteful to run them on NULLs.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggserialfn = p.oid AND
+    (p.prorettype != 'bytea'::regtype OR p.pronargs != 1 OR
+     p.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     NOT p.proisstrict);
+
+-- Check that all deserialization functions have signature
+-- deserialize(bytea, internal) returns internal
+-- Also insist that they be strict; it's wasteful to run them on NULLs.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid, p.proname
+FROM pg_aggregate as a, pg_proc as p
+WHERE a.aggdeserialfn = p.oid AND
+    (p.prorettype != 'internal'::regtype OR p.pronargs != 2 OR
+     p.proargtypes[0] != 'bytea'::regtype OR
+     p.proargtypes[1] != 'internal'::regtype OR
+     NOT p.proisstrict);
+
+-- Check that aggregates which have the same transition function also have
+-- the same combine, serialization, and deserialization functions.
+-- While that isn't strictly necessary, it's fishy if they don't.
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid, a.aggcombinefn, a.aggserialfn, a.aggdeserialfn,
+       b.aggfnoid, b.aggcombinefn, b.aggserialfn, b.aggdeserialfn
+FROM
+    pg_aggregate a, pg_aggregate b
+WHERE
+    a.aggfnoid < b.aggfnoid AND a.aggtransfn = b.aggtransfn AND
+    (a.aggcombinefn != b.aggcombinefn OR a.aggserialfn != b.aggserialfn
+     OR a.aggdeserialfn != b.aggdeserialfn);
+
+-- Cross-check aggsortop (if present) against pg_operator.
+-- We expect to find entries for bool_and, bool_or, every, max, and min.
+
+SELECT DISTINCT proname, oprname
+FROM pg_operator AS o, pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND a.aggsortop = o.oid
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- Check datatypes match
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, o.oid
+FROM pg_operator AS o, pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND a.aggsortop = o.oid AND
+    (oprkind != 'b' OR oprresult != 'boolean'::regtype
+     OR oprleft != p.proargtypes[0] OR oprright != p.proargtypes[0]);
+
+-- Check operator is a suitable btree opfamily member
+
+SELECT a.aggfnoid::oid, o.oid
+FROM pg_operator AS o, pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND a.aggsortop = o.oid AND
+    NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_amop
+               WHERE amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'btree')
+                     AND amopopr = o.oid
+                     AND amoplefttype = o.oprleft
+                     AND amoprighttype = o.oprright);
+
+-- Check correspondence of btree strategies and names
+
+SELECT DISTINCT proname, oprname, amopstrategy
+FROM pg_operator AS o, pg_aggregate AS a, pg_proc AS p,
+     pg_amop as ao
+WHERE a.aggfnoid = p.oid AND a.aggsortop = o.oid AND
+    amopopr = o.oid AND
+    amopmethod = (SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'btree')
+ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- Check that there are not aggregates with the same name and different
+-- numbers of arguments.  While not technically wrong, we have a project policy
+-- to avoid this because it opens the door for confusion in connection with
+-- ORDER BY: novices frequently put the ORDER BY in the wrong place.
+-- See the fate of the single-argument form of string_agg() for history.
+-- (Note: we don't forbid users from creating such aggregates; the policy is
+-- just to think twice before creating built-in aggregates like this.)
+-- The only aggregates that should show up here are count(x) and count(*).
+
+SELECT p1.oid::regprocedure, p2.oid::regprocedure
+FROM pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE p1.oid < p2.oid AND p1.proname = p2.proname AND
+    p1.prokind = 'a' AND p2.prokind = 'a' AND
+    array_dims(p1.proargtypes) != array_dims(p2.proargtypes)
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- For the same reason, built-in aggregates with default arguments are no good.
+
+SELECT oid, proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p
+WHERE prokind = 'a' AND proargdefaults IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- For the same reason, we avoid creating built-in variadic aggregates, except
+-- that variadic ordered-set aggregates are OK (since they have special syntax
+-- that is not subject to the misplaced ORDER BY issue).
+
+SELECT p.oid, proname
+FROM pg_proc AS p JOIN pg_aggregate AS a ON a.aggfnoid = p.oid
+WHERE prokind = 'a' AND provariadic != 0 AND a.aggkind = 'n';
+
+
+-- **************** pg_opfamily ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_opfamily fields
+
+SELECT f.oid
+FROM pg_opfamily as f
+WHERE f.opfmethod = 0 OR f.opfnamespace = 0;
+
+-- Look for opfamilies having no opclasses.  While most validation of
+-- opfamilies is now handled by AM-specific amvalidate functions, that's
+-- driven from pg_opclass entries below, so an empty opfamily would not
+-- get noticed.
+
+SELECT oid, opfname FROM pg_opfamily f
+WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_opclass WHERE opcfamily = f.oid);
+
+
+-- **************** pg_opclass ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_opclass fields
+
+SELECT c1.oid
+FROM pg_opclass AS c1
+WHERE c1.opcmethod = 0 OR c1.opcnamespace = 0 OR c1.opcfamily = 0
+    OR c1.opcintype = 0;
+
+-- opcmethod must match owning opfamily's opfmethod
+
+SELECT c1.oid, f1.oid
+FROM pg_opclass AS c1, pg_opfamily AS f1
+WHERE c1.opcfamily = f1.oid AND c1.opcmethod != f1.opfmethod;
+
+-- There should not be multiple entries in pg_opclass with opcdefault true
+-- and the same opcmethod/opcintype combination.
+
+SELECT c1.oid, c2.oid
+FROM pg_opclass AS c1, pg_opclass AS c2
+WHERE c1.oid != c2.oid AND
+    c1.opcmethod = c2.opcmethod AND c1.opcintype = c2.opcintype AND
+    c1.opcdefault AND c2.opcdefault;
+
+-- Ask access methods to validate opclasses
+-- (this replaces a lot of SQL-level checks that used to be done in this file)
+
+SELECT oid, opcname FROM pg_opclass WHERE NOT amvalidate(oid);
+
+
+-- **************** pg_am ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_am fields
+
+SELECT a1.oid, a1.amname
+FROM pg_am AS a1
+WHERE a1.amhandler = 0;
+
+-- Check for index amhandler functions with the wrong signature
+
+SELECT a1.oid, a1.amname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_am AS a1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE p1.oid = a1.amhandler AND a1.amtype = 'i' AND
+    (p1.prorettype != 'index_am_handler'::regtype
+     OR p1.proretset
+     OR p1.pronargs != 1
+     OR p1.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype);
+
+-- Check for table amhandler functions with the wrong signature
+
+SELECT a1.oid, a1.amname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_am AS a1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE p1.oid = a1.amhandler AND a1.amtype = 's' AND
+    (p1.prorettype != 'table_am_handler'::regtype
+     OR p1.proretset
+     OR p1.pronargs != 1
+     OR p1.proargtypes[0] != 'internal'::regtype);
+
+-- **************** pg_amop ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_amop fields
+
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopstrategy
+FROM pg_amop as a1
+WHERE a1.amopfamily = 0 OR a1.amoplefttype = 0 OR a1.amoprighttype = 0
+    OR a1.amopopr = 0 OR a1.amopmethod = 0 OR a1.amopstrategy < 1;
+
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopstrategy
+FROM pg_amop as a1
+WHERE NOT ((a1.amoppurpose = 's' AND a1.amopsortfamily = 0) OR
+           (a1.amoppurpose = 'o' AND a1.amopsortfamily <> 0));
+
+-- amopmethod must match owning opfamily's opfmethod
+
+SELECT a1.oid, f1.oid
+FROM pg_amop AS a1, pg_opfamily AS f1
+WHERE a1.amopfamily = f1.oid AND a1.amopmethod != f1.opfmethod;
+
+-- Make a list of all the distinct operator names being used in particular
+-- strategy slots.  This is a bit hokey, since the list might need to change
+-- in future releases, but it's an effective way of spotting mistakes such as
+-- swapping two operators within a family.
+
+SELECT DISTINCT amopmethod, amopstrategy, oprname
+FROM pg_amop a1 LEFT JOIN pg_operator o1 ON amopopr = o1.oid
+ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Check that all opclass search operators have selectivity estimators.
+-- This is not absolutely required, but it seems a reasonable thing
+-- to insist on for all standard datatypes.
+
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopopr, o1.oid, o1.oprname
+FROM pg_amop AS a1, pg_operator AS o1
+WHERE a1.amopopr = o1.oid AND a1.amoppurpose = 's' AND
+    (o1.oprrest = 0 OR o1.oprjoin = 0);
+
+-- Check that each opclass in an opfamily has associated operators, that is
+-- ones whose oprleft matches opcintype (possibly by coercion).
+
+SELECT c1.opcname, c1.opcfamily
+FROM pg_opclass AS c1
+WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_amop AS a1
+                 WHERE a1.amopfamily = c1.opcfamily
+                   AND binary_coercible(c1.opcintype, a1.amoplefttype));
+
+-- Check that each operator listed in pg_amop has an associated opclass,
+-- that is one whose opcintype matches oprleft (possibly by coercion).
+-- Otherwise the operator is useless because it cannot be matched to an index.
+-- (In principle it could be useful to list such operators in multiple-datatype
+-- btree opfamilies, but in practice you'd expect there to be an opclass for
+-- every datatype the family knows about.)
+
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopstrategy, a1.amopopr
+FROM pg_amop AS a1
+WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_opclass AS c1
+                 WHERE c1.opcfamily = a1.amopfamily
+                   AND binary_coercible(c1.opcintype, a1.amoplefttype));
+
+-- Operators that are primary members of opclasses must be immutable (else
+-- it suggests that the index ordering isn't fixed).  Operators that are
+-- cross-type members need only be stable, since they are just shorthands
+-- for index probe queries.
+
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopopr, o1.oprname, p1.prosrc
+FROM pg_amop AS a1, pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE a1.amopopr = o1.oid AND o1.oprcode = p1.oid AND
+    a1.amoplefttype = a1.amoprighttype AND
+    p1.provolatile != 'i';
+
+SELECT a1.amopfamily, a1.amopopr, o1.oprname, p1.prosrc
+FROM pg_amop AS a1, pg_operator AS o1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE a1.amopopr = o1.oid AND o1.oprcode = p1.oid AND
+    a1.amoplefttype != a1.amoprighttype AND
+    p1.provolatile = 'v';
+
+
+-- **************** pg_amproc ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_amproc fields
+
+SELECT a1.amprocfamily, a1.amprocnum
+FROM pg_amproc as a1
+WHERE a1.amprocfamily = 0 OR a1.amproclefttype = 0 OR a1.amprocrighttype = 0
+    OR a1.amprocnum < 0 OR a1.amproc = 0;
+
+-- Support routines that are primary members of opfamilies must be immutable
+-- (else it suggests that the index ordering isn't fixed).  But cross-type
+-- members need only be stable, since they are just shorthands
+-- for index probe queries.
+
+SELECT a1.amprocfamily, a1.amproc, p1.prosrc
+FROM pg_amproc AS a1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE a1.amproc = p1.oid AND
+    a1.amproclefttype = a1.amprocrighttype AND
+    p1.provolatile != 'i';
+
+SELECT a1.amprocfamily, a1.amproc, p1.prosrc
+FROM pg_amproc AS a1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE a1.amproc = p1.oid AND
+    a1.amproclefttype != a1.amprocrighttype AND
+    p1.provolatile = 'v';
+
+-- Almost all of the core distribution's Btree opclasses can use one of the
+-- two generic "equalimage" functions as their support function 4.  Look for
+-- opclasses that don't allow deduplication unconditionally here.
+--
+-- Newly added Btree opclasses don't have to support deduplication.  It will
+-- usually be trivial to add support, though.  Note that the expected output
+-- of this part of the test will need to be updated when a new opclass cannot
+-- support deduplication (by using btequalimage).
+SELECT amp.amproc::regproc AS proc, opf.opfname AS opfamily_name,
+       opc.opcname AS opclass_name, opc.opcintype::regtype AS opcintype
+FROM pg_am AS am
+JOIN pg_opclass AS opc ON opc.opcmethod = am.oid
+JOIN pg_opfamily AS opf ON opc.opcfamily = opf.oid
+LEFT JOIN pg_amproc AS amp ON amp.amprocfamily = opf.oid AND
+    amp.amproclefttype = opc.opcintype AND amp.amprocnum = 4
+WHERE am.amname = 'btree' AND
+    amp.amproc IS DISTINCT FROM 'btequalimage'::regproc
+ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- **************** pg_index ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_index fields.
+
+SELECT indexrelid, indrelid
+FROM pg_index
+WHERE indexrelid = 0 OR indrelid = 0 OR
+      indnatts <= 0 OR indnatts > 32;
+
+-- oidvector and int2vector fields should be of length indnatts.
+
+SELECT indexrelid, indrelid
+FROM pg_index
+WHERE array_lower(indkey, 1) != 0 OR array_upper(indkey, 1) != indnatts-1 OR
+    array_lower(indclass, 1) != 0 OR array_upper(indclass, 1) != indnatts-1 OR
+    array_lower(indcollation, 1) != 0 OR array_upper(indcollation, 1) != indnatts-1 OR
+    array_lower(indoption, 1) != 0 OR array_upper(indoption, 1) != indnatts-1;
+
+-- Check that opclasses and collations match the underlying columns.
+-- (As written, this test ignores expression indexes.)
+
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass, attname, atttypid::regtype, opcname
+FROM (SELECT indexrelid, indrelid, unnest(indkey) as ikey,
+             unnest(indclass) as iclass, unnest(indcollation) as icoll
+      FROM pg_index) ss,
+      pg_attribute a,
+      pg_opclass opc
+WHERE a.attrelid = indrelid AND a.attnum = ikey AND opc.oid = iclass AND
+      (NOT binary_coercible(atttypid, opcintype) OR icoll != attcollation);
+
+-- For system catalogs, be even tighter: nearly all indexes should be
+-- exact type matches not binary-coercible matches.  At this writing
+-- the only exception is an OID index on a regproc column.
+
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass, attname, atttypid::regtype, opcname
+FROM (SELECT indexrelid, indrelid, unnest(indkey) as ikey,
+             unnest(indclass) as iclass, unnest(indcollation) as icoll
+      FROM pg_index
+      WHERE indrelid < 16384) ss,
+      pg_attribute a,
+      pg_opclass opc
+WHERE a.attrelid = indrelid AND a.attnum = ikey AND opc.oid = iclass AND
+      (opcintype != atttypid OR icoll != attcollation)
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Check for system catalogs with collation-sensitive ordering.  This is not
+-- a representational error in pg_index, but simply wrong catalog design.
+-- It's bad because we expect to be able to clone template0 and assign the
+-- copy a different database collation.  It would especially not work for
+-- shared catalogs.
+
+SELECT relname, attname, attcollation
+FROM pg_class c, pg_attribute a
+WHERE c.oid = attrelid AND c.oid < 16384 AND
+    c.relkind != 'v' AND  -- we don't care about columns in views
+    attcollation != 0 AND
+    attcollation != (SELECT oid FROM pg_collation WHERE collname = 'C');
+
+-- Double-check that collation-sensitive indexes have "C" collation, too.
+
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indrelid::regclass, iclass, icoll
+FROM (SELECT indexrelid, indrelid,
+             unnest(indclass) as iclass, unnest(indcollation) as icoll
+      FROM pg_index
+      WHERE indrelid < 16384) ss
+WHERE icoll != 0 AND
+    icoll != (SELECT oid FROM pg_collation WHERE collname = 'C');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/partition_aggregate.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/partition_aggregate.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab070fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/partition_aggregate.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+--
+-- PARTITION_AGGREGATE
+-- Test partitionwise aggregation on partitioned tables
+--
+-- Note: to ensure plan stability, it's a good idea to make the partitions of
+-- any one partitioned table in this test all have different numbers of rows.
+--
+
+-- Enable partitionwise aggregate, which by default is disabled.
+SET enable_partitionwise_aggregate TO true;
+-- Enable partitionwise join, which by default is disabled.
+SET enable_partitionwise_join TO true;
+-- Disable parallel plans.
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather TO 0;
+-- Disable incremental sort, which can influence selected plans due to fuzz factor.
+SET enable_incremental_sort TO off;
+
+--
+-- Tests for list partitioned tables.
+--
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab (a int, b int, c text, d int) PARTITION BY LIST(c);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0001', '0002', '0003', '0004');
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab FOR VALUES IN ('0005', '0006', '0007', '0008');
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_p3 PARTITION OF pagg_tab FOR VALUES IN ('0009', '0010', '0011');
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab SELECT i % 20, i % 30, to_char(i % 12, 'FM0000'), i % 30 FROM generate_series(0, 2999) i;
+ANALYZE pagg_tab;
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause matches; full aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(a), avg(b), count(*), min(a), max(b) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT c, sum(a), avg(b), count(*), min(a), max(b) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause does not match; partial aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(b), count(*), min(a), max(b) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY a HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(b), count(*), min(a), max(b) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY a HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Check with multiple columns in GROUP BY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, c, count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY a, c;
+-- Check with multiple columns in GROUP BY, order in GROUP BY is reversed
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, c, count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c, a;
+-- Check with multiple columns in GROUP BY, order in target-list is reversed
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, a, count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY a, c;
+
+-- Test when input relation for grouping is dummy
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(a) FROM pagg_tab WHERE 1 = 2 GROUP BY c;
+SELECT c, sum(a) FROM pagg_tab WHERE 1 = 2 GROUP BY c;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(a) FROM pagg_tab WHERE c = 'x' GROUP BY c;
+SELECT c, sum(a) FROM pagg_tab WHERE c = 'x' GROUP BY c;
+
+-- Test GroupAggregate paths by disabling hash aggregates.
+SET enable_hashagg TO false;
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause matches full aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(a), avg(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY 1 HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT c, sum(a), avg(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY 1 HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause does not match; partial aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY 1 HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY 1 HAVING avg(d) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Test partitionwise grouping without any aggregates
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c ORDER BY 1;
+SELECT c FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c ORDER BY 1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a FROM pagg_tab WHERE a < 3 GROUP BY a ORDER BY 1;
+SELECT a FROM pagg_tab WHERE a < 3 GROUP BY a ORDER BY 1;
+
+RESET enable_hashagg;
+
+-- ROLLUP, partitionwise aggregation does not apply
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(a) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY rollup(c) ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- ORDERED SET within the aggregate.
+-- Full aggregation; since all the rows that belong to the same group come
+-- from the same partition, having an ORDER BY within the aggregate doesn't
+-- make any difference.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT c, sum(b order by a) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY c ORDER BY 1, 2;
+-- Since GROUP BY clause does not match with PARTITION KEY; we need to do
+-- partial aggregation. However, ORDERED SET are not partial safe and thus
+-- partitionwise aggregation plan is not generated.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b order by a) FROM pagg_tab GROUP BY a ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+
+-- JOIN query
+
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab1(x int, y int) PARTITION BY RANGE(x);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab1_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab1_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab1_p3 PARTITION OF pagg_tab1 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab2(x int, y int) PARTITION BY RANGE(y);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab2_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab2 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab2_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab2_p3 PARTITION OF pagg_tab2 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab1 SELECT i % 30, i % 20 FROM generate_series(0, 299, 2) i;
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab2 SELECT i % 20, i % 30 FROM generate_series(0, 299, 3) i;
+
+ANALYZE pagg_tab1;
+ANALYZE pagg_tab2;
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause matches; full aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.x, sum(t1.y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.x ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT t1.x, sum(t1.y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.x ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Check with whole-row reference; partitionwise aggregation does not apply
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.x, sum(t1.y), count(t1) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.x ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT t1.x, sum(t1.y), count(t1) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.x ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- GROUP BY having other matching key
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t2.y, sum(t1.y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t2.y ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause does not match; partial aggregation is performed for each partition.
+-- Also test GroupAggregate paths by disabling hash aggregates.
+SET enable_hashagg TO false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.y, sum(t1.x), count(*) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.y HAVING avg(t1.x) > 10 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT t1.y, sum(t1.x), count(*) FROM pagg_tab1 t1, pagg_tab2 t2 WHERE t1.x = t2.y GROUP BY t1.y HAVING avg(t1.x) > 10 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+RESET enable_hashagg;
+
+-- Check with LEFT/RIGHT/FULL OUTER JOINs which produces NULL values for
+-- aggregation
+
+-- LEFT JOIN, should produce partial partitionwise aggregation plan as
+-- GROUP BY is on nullable column
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT b.y, sum(a.y) FROM pagg_tab1 a LEFT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY b.y ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+SELECT b.y, sum(a.y) FROM pagg_tab1 a LEFT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY b.y ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+
+-- RIGHT JOIN, should produce full partitionwise aggregation plan as
+-- GROUP BY is on non-nullable column
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT b.y, sum(a.y) FROM pagg_tab1 a RIGHT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY b.y ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+SELECT b.y, sum(a.y) FROM pagg_tab1 a RIGHT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY b.y ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+
+-- FULL JOIN, should produce partial partitionwise aggregation plan as
+-- GROUP BY is on nullable column
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a.x, sum(b.x) FROM pagg_tab1 a FULL OUTER JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY a.x ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+SELECT a.x, sum(b.x) FROM pagg_tab1 a FULL OUTER JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY a.x ORDER BY 1 NULLS LAST;
+
+-- LEFT JOIN, with dummy relation on right side, ideally
+-- should produce full partitionwise aggregation plan as GROUP BY is on
+-- non-nullable columns.
+-- But right now we are unable to do partitionwise join in this case.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a.x, b.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x < 20) a LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab2 WHERE y > 10) b ON a.x = b.y WHERE a.x > 5 or b.y < 20  GROUP BY a.x, b.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT a.x, b.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x < 20) a LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab2 WHERE y > 10) b ON a.x = b.y WHERE a.x > 5 or b.y < 20  GROUP BY a.x, b.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- FULL JOIN, with dummy relations on both sides, ideally
+-- should produce partial partitionwise aggregation plan as GROUP BY is on
+-- nullable columns.
+-- But right now we are unable to do partitionwise join in this case.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a.x, b.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x < 20) a FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab2 WHERE y > 10) b ON a.x = b.y WHERE a.x > 5 or b.y < 20  GROUP BY a.x, b.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT a.x, b.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x < 20) a FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab2 WHERE y > 10) b ON a.x = b.y WHERE a.x > 5 or b.y < 20 GROUP BY a.x, b.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+-- Empty join relation because of empty outer side, no partitionwise agg plan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a.x, a.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x = 1 AND x = 2) a LEFT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY a.x, a.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT a.x, a.y, count(*) FROM (SELECT * FROM pagg_tab1 WHERE x = 1 AND x = 2) a LEFT JOIN pagg_tab2 b ON a.x = b.y GROUP BY a.x, a.y ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+
+-- Partition by multiple columns
+
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_m (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a, ((a+b)/2));
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_m_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_m FOR VALUES FROM (0, 0) TO (12, 12);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_m_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_m FOR VALUES FROM (12, 12) TO (22, 22);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_m_p3 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_m FOR VALUES FROM (22, 22) TO (30, 30);
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab_m SELECT i % 30, i % 40, i % 50 FROM generate_series(0, 2999) i;
+ANALYZE pagg_tab_m;
+
+-- Partial aggregation as GROUP BY clause does not match with PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY a HAVING avg(c) < 22 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY a HAVING avg(c) < 22 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Full aggregation as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY a, (a+b)/2 HAVING sum(b) < 50 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT a, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY a, (a+b)/2 HAVING sum(b) < 50 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Full aggregation as PARTITION KEY is part of GROUP BY clause
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, c, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY (a+b)/2, 2, 1 HAVING sum(b) = 50 AND avg(c) > 25 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT a, c, sum(b), avg(c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_m GROUP BY (a+b)/2, 2, 1 HAVING sum(b) = 50 AND avg(c) > 25 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+
+-- Test with multi-level partitioning scheme
+
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_ml FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (12);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_ml FOR VALUES FROM (12) TO (20) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p2_s1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_ml_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0001', '0002');
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p2_s2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_ml_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0003');
+
+-- This level of partitioning has different column positions than the parent
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p3(b int, c text, a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1(c text, a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p3_s2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_ml_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (7) TO (10);
+
+ALTER TABLE pagg_tab_ml_p3 ATTACH PARTITION pagg_tab_ml_p3_s1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (7);
+ALTER TABLE pagg_tab_ml ATTACH PARTITION pagg_tab_ml_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab_ml SELECT i % 30, i % 10, to_char(i % 4, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 29999) i;
+ANALYZE pagg_tab_ml;
+
+-- For Parallel Append
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather TO 2;
+SET parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+
+-- Full aggregation at level 1 as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+-- for level 1 only. For subpartitions, GROUP BY clause does not match with
+-- PARTITION KEY, but still we do not see a partial aggregation as array_agg()
+-- is not partial agg safe.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), array_agg(distinct c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT a, sum(b), array_agg(distinct c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Without ORDER BY clause, to test Gather at top-most path
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), array_agg(distinct c), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3;
+
+RESET parallel_setup_cost;
+
+-- Full aggregation at level 1 as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+-- for level 1 only. For subpartitions, GROUP BY clause does not match with
+-- PARTITION KEY, thus we will have a partial aggregation for them.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Partial aggregation at all levels as GROUP BY clause does not match with
+-- PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT b, sum(a), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY b ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT b, sum(a), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY b HAVING avg(a) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Full aggregation at all levels as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a, b, c HAVING avg(b) > 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a, b, c HAVING avg(b) > 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Parallelism within partitionwise aggregates
+
+SET min_parallel_table_scan_size TO '8kB';
+SET parallel_setup_cost TO 0;
+
+-- Full aggregation at level 1 as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+-- for level 1 only. For subpartitions, GROUP BY clause does not match with
+-- PARTITION KEY, thus we will have a partial aggregation for them.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a HAVING avg(b) < 3 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Partial aggregation at all levels as GROUP BY clause does not match with
+-- PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT b, sum(a), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY b ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT b, sum(a), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY b HAVING avg(a) < 15 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Full aggregation at all levels as GROUP BY clause matches with PARTITION KEY
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a, b, c HAVING avg(b) > 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT a, sum(b), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_ml GROUP BY a, b, c HAVING avg(b) > 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+
+-- Parallelism within partitionwise aggregates (single level)
+
+-- Add few parallel setup cost, so that we will see a plan which gathers
+-- partially created paths even for full aggregation and sticks a single Gather
+-- followed by finalization step.
+-- Without this, the cost of doing partial aggregation + Gather + finalization
+-- for each partition and then Append over it turns out to be same and this
+-- wins as we add it first. This parallel_setup_cost plays a vital role in
+-- costing such plans.
+SET parallel_setup_cost TO 10;
+
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_para(x int, y int) PARTITION BY RANGE(x);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_para_p1 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_para FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (12);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_para_p2 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_para FOR VALUES FROM (12) TO (22);
+CREATE TABLE pagg_tab_para_p3 PARTITION OF pagg_tab_para FOR VALUES FROM (22) TO (30);
+
+INSERT INTO pagg_tab_para SELECT i % 30, i % 20 FROM generate_series(0, 29999) i;
+
+ANALYZE pagg_tab_para;
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause matches; full aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- When GROUP BY clause does not match; partial aggregation is performed for each partition.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT y, sum(x), avg(x), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY y HAVING avg(x) < 12 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT y, sum(x), avg(x), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY y HAVING avg(x) < 12 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Test when parent can produce parallel paths but not any (or some) of its children
+-- (Use one more aggregate to tilt the cost estimates for the plan we want)
+ALTER TABLE pagg_tab_para_p1 SET (parallel_workers = 0);
+ALTER TABLE pagg_tab_para_p3 SET (parallel_workers = 0);
+ANALYZE pagg_tab_para;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), sum(x+y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), sum(x+y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+ALTER TABLE pagg_tab_para_p2 SET (parallel_workers = 0);
+ANALYZE pagg_tab_para;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), sum(x+y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), sum(x+y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+-- Reset parallelism parameters to get partitionwise aggregation plan.
+RESET min_parallel_table_scan_size;
+RESET parallel_setup_cost;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+SELECT x, sum(y), avg(y), count(*) FROM pagg_tab_para GROUP BY x HAVING avg(y) < 7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/partition_info.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/partition_info.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5060be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/partition_info.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+--
+-- Tests for functions providing information about partitions
+--
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree(NULL);
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree(0);
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors(NULL);
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors(0);
+SELECT pg_partition_root(NULL);
+SELECT pg_partition_root(0);
+
+-- Test table partition trees
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test (a int, b int) PARTITION BY range (a);
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test0 PARTITION OF ptif_test
+  FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (0) PARTITION BY list (b);
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test01 PARTITION OF ptif_test0 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test1 PARTITION OF ptif_test
+  FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100) PARTITION BY list (b);
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test11 PARTITION OF ptif_test1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test2 PARTITION OF ptif_test
+  FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+-- This partitioned table should remain with no partitions.
+CREATE TABLE ptif_test3 PARTITION OF ptif_test
+  FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (maxvalue) PARTITION BY list (b);
+
+-- Test pg_partition_root for tables
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test');
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test0');
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test01');
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test3');
+
+-- Test index partition tree
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test_index ON ONLY ptif_test (a);
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test0_index ON ONLY ptif_test0 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test0_index;
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test01_index ON ptif_test01 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test0_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test01_index;
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test1_index ON ONLY ptif_test1 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test1_index;
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test11_index ON ptif_test11 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test1_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test11_index;
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test2_index ON ptif_test2 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test2_index;
+CREATE INDEX ptif_test3_index ON ptif_test3 (a);
+ALTER INDEX ptif_test_index ATTACH PARTITION ptif_test3_index;
+
+-- Test pg_partition_root for indexes
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test_index');
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test0_index');
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test01_index');
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test3_index');
+
+-- List all tables members of the tree
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test');
+-- List tables from an intermediate level
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test0') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+-- List from leaf table
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test01') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+-- List from partitioned table with no partitions
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test3') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+-- List all ancestors of root and leaf tables
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test01');
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test');
+-- List all members using pg_partition_root with leaf table reference
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree(pg_partition_root('ptif_test01')) p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+
+-- List all indexes members of the tree
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test_index');
+-- List indexes from an intermediate level
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test0_index') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+-- List from leaf index
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test01_index') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+-- List from partitioned index with no partitions
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test3_index') p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+-- List all members using pg_partition_root with leaf index reference
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree(pg_partition_root('ptif_test01_index')) p
+  JOIN pg_class c ON (p.relid = c.oid);
+-- List all ancestors of root and leaf indexes
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test01_index');
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test_index');
+
+DROP TABLE ptif_test;
+
+-- Table that is not part of any partition tree is not listed.
+CREATE TABLE ptif_normal_table(a int);
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level, isleaf
+  FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_normal_table');
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_normal_table');
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_normal_table');
+DROP TABLE ptif_normal_table;
+
+-- Various partitioning-related functions return empty/NULL if passed relations
+-- of types that cannot be part of a partition tree; for example, views,
+-- materialized views, legacy inheritance children or parents, etc.
+CREATE VIEW ptif_test_view AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ptif_test_matview AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE TABLE ptif_li_parent ();
+CREATE TABLE ptif_li_child () INHERITS (ptif_li_parent);
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test_view');
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_test_matview');
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_li_parent');
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_tree('ptif_li_child');
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test_view');
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_test_matview');
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_li_parent');
+SELECT * FROM pg_partition_ancestors('ptif_li_child');
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test_view');
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_test_matview');
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_li_parent');
+SELECT pg_partition_root('ptif_li_child');
+DROP VIEW ptif_test_view;
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW ptif_test_matview;
+DROP TABLE ptif_li_parent, ptif_li_child;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/partition_join.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/partition_join.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67f5063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/partition_join.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1169 @@
+--
+-- PARTITION_JOIN
+-- Test partitionwise join between partitioned tables
+--
+
+-- Enable partitionwise join, which by default is disabled.
+SET enable_partitionwise_join to true;
+
+--
+-- partitioned by a single column
+--
+CREATE TABLE prt1 (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_p1 PARTITION OF prt1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_p3 PARTITION OF prt1 FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_p2 PARTITION OF prt1 FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500);
+INSERT INTO prt1 SELECT i, i % 25, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599) i WHERE i % 2 = 0;
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_p1_a on prt1_p1(a);
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_p2_a on prt1_p2(a);
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_p3_a on prt1_p3(a);
+ANALYZE prt1;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt2 (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE(b);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_p1 PARTITION OF prt2 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_p2 PARTITION OF prt2 FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_p3 PARTITION OF prt2 FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600);
+INSERT INTO prt2 SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599) i WHERE i % 3 = 0;
+CREATE INDEX iprt2_p1_b on prt2_p1(b);
+CREATE INDEX iprt2_p2_b on prt2_p2(b);
+CREATE INDEX iprt2_p3_b on prt2_p3(b);
+ANALYZE prt2;
+
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- left outer join, with whole-row reference; partitionwise join does not apply
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1, t2 FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1, t2 FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- right outer join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- full outer join, with placeholder vars
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1 WHERE prt1.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 75 phv, * FROM prt2 WHERE prt2.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1 WHERE prt1.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 75 phv, * FROM prt2 WHERE prt2.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- Join with pruned partitions from joining relations
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.a < 450 AND t2.b > 250 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.a < 450 AND t2.b > 250 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- Currently we can't do partitioned join if nullable-side partitions are pruned
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- Currently we can't do partitioned join if nullable-side partitions are pruned
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 OR t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 OR t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- Semi-join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t2.b FROM prt2 t2 WHERE t2.a = 0) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t2.b FROM prt2 t2 WHERE t2.a = 0) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- Anti-join with aggregates
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT sum(t1.a), avg(t1.a), sum(t1.b), avg(t1.b) FROM prt1 t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b);
+SELECT sum(t1.a), avg(t1.a), sum(t1.b), avg(t1.b) FROM prt1 t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b);
+
+-- lateral reference
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t3.a AS t3a, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.b) FROM prt1 t2 JOIN prt2 t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b)) ss
+			  ON t1.a = ss.t2a WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT * FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t3.a AS t3a, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.b) FROM prt1 t2 JOIN prt2 t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b)) ss
+			  ON t1.a = ss.t2a WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, ss.t2a, ss.t2c FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t3.a AS t3a, t2.b t2b, t2.c t2c, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.b) FROM prt1 t2 JOIN prt2 t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b)) ss
+			  ON t1.c = ss.t2c WHERE (t1.b + coalesce(ss.t2b, 0)) = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, ss.t2a, ss.t2c FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t3.a AS t3a, t2.b t2b, t2.c t2c, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.a) FROM prt1 t2 JOIN prt2 t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b)) ss
+			  ON t1.c = ss.t2c WHERE (t1.b + coalesce(ss.t2b, 0)) = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- bug with inadequate sort key representation
+SET enable_partitionwise_aggregate TO true;
+SET enable_hashjoin TO false;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT a, b FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510
+  GROUP BY 1, 2 ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT a, b FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510
+  GROUP BY 1, 2 ORDER BY 1, 2;
+
+RESET enable_partitionwise_aggregate;
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+
+--
+-- partitioned by expression
+--
+CREATE TABLE prt1_e (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE(((a + b)/2));
+CREATE TABLE prt1_e_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_e FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_e_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_e FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_e_p3 PARTITION OF prt1_e FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600);
+INSERT INTO prt1_e SELECT i, i, i % 25 FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_e_p1_ab2 on prt1_e_p1(((a+b)/2));
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_e_p2_ab2 on prt1_e_p2(((a+b)/2));
+CREATE INDEX iprt1_e_p3_ab2 on prt1_e_p3(((a+b)/2));
+ANALYZE prt1_e;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt2_e (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE(((b + a)/2));
+CREATE TABLE prt2_e_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_e FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_e_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_e FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_e_p3 PARTITION OF prt2_e FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600);
+INSERT INTO prt2_e SELECT i, i, i % 25 FROM generate_series(0, 599, 3) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_e;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_e t1, prt2_e t2 WHERE (t1.a + t1.b)/2 = (t2.b + t2.a)/2 AND t1.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_e t1, prt2_e t2 WHERE (t1.a + t1.b)/2 = (t2.b + t2.a)/2 AND t1.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+--
+-- N-way join
+--
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2, prt1_e t3 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2, prt1_e t3 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) LEFT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) LEFT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) RIGHT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t3.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) RIGHT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t3.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+
+--
+-- 3-way full join
+--
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b) FULL JOIN prt2 p3(b,a,c) USING (a, b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b) FULL JOIN prt2 p3(b,a,c) USING (a, b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510;
+
+--
+-- 4-way full join
+--
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b) FULL JOIN prt2 p3(b,a,c) USING (a, b) FULL JOIN prt1 p4 (a,b,c) USING (a, b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM prt1 FULL JOIN prt2 p2(b,a,c) USING(a,b) FULL JOIN prt2 p3(b,a,c) USING (a, b) FULL JOIN prt1 p4 (a,b,c) USING (a, b)
+  WHERE a BETWEEN 490 AND 510;
+
+-- Cases with non-nullable expressions in subquery results;
+-- make sure these go to null as expected
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.phv, t2.b, t2.phv, t3.a + t3.b, t3.phv FROM ((SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1 WHERE prt1.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 75 phv, * FROM prt2 WHERE prt2.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b)) FULL JOIN (SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1_e WHERE prt1_e.c = 0) t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t1.a = t1.phv OR t2.b = t2.phv OR (t3.a + t3.b)/2 = t3.phv ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.phv, t2.b, t2.phv, t3.a + t3.b, t3.phv FROM ((SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1 WHERE prt1.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 75 phv, * FROM prt2 WHERE prt2.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b)) FULL JOIN (SELECT 50 phv, * FROM prt1_e WHERE prt1_e.c = 0) t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t1.a = t1.phv OR t2.b = t2.phv OR (t3.a + t3.b)/2 = t3.phv ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+
+-- Semi-join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1, prt1_e t2 WHERE t1.a = 0 AND t1.b = (t2.a + t2.b)/2) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1, prt1_e t2 WHERE t1.a = 0 AND t1.b = (t2.a + t2.b)/2) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1 WHERE t1.b IN (SELECT (t1.a + t1.b)/2 FROM prt1_e t1 WHERE t1.c = 0)) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1 WHERE t1.b IN (SELECT (t1.a + t1.b)/2 FROM prt1_e t1 WHERE t1.c = 0)) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- test merge joins
+SET enable_hashjoin TO off;
+SET enable_nestloop TO off;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1 WHERE t1.b IN (SELECT (t1.a + t1.b)/2 FROM prt1_e t1 WHERE t1.c = 0)) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1 t1 WHERE t1.a IN (SELECT t1.b FROM prt2 t1 WHERE t1.b IN (SELECT (t1.a + t1.b)/2 FROM prt1_e t1 WHERE t1.c = 0)) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) RIGHT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t3.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a + t3.b, t3.c FROM (prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b) RIGHT JOIN prt1_e t3 ON (t1.a = (t3.a + t3.b)/2) WHERE t3.c = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a + t3.b;
+
+-- MergeAppend on nullable column
+-- This should generate a partitionwise join, but currently fails to
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t2.b FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t2.b FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a < 450) t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2 WHERE b > 250) t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- merge join when expression with whole-row reference needs to be sorted;
+-- partitionwise join does not apply
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t2.b FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1::text = t2::text AND t1.a = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t2.b FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1::text = t2::text AND t1.a = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+RESET enable_nestloop;
+
+--
+-- partitioned by multiple columns
+--
+CREATE TABLE prt1_m (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a, ((a + b)/2));
+CREATE TABLE prt1_m_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_m FOR VALUES FROM (0, 0) TO (250, 250);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_m_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_m FOR VALUES FROM (250, 250) TO (500, 500);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_m_p3 PARTITION OF prt1_m FOR VALUES FROM (500, 500) TO (600, 600);
+INSERT INTO prt1_m SELECT i, i, i % 25 FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt1_m;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt2_m (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE(((b + a)/2), b);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_m_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_m FOR VALUES FROM (0, 0) TO (250, 250);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_m_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_m FOR VALUES FROM (250, 250) TO (500, 500);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_m_p3 PARTITION OF prt2_m FOR VALUES FROM (500, 500) TO (600, 600);
+INSERT INTO prt2_m SELECT i, i, i % 25 FROM generate_series(0, 599, 3) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_m;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1_m WHERE prt1_m.c = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2_m WHERE prt2_m.c = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = (t2.b + t2.a)/2 AND t2.b = (t1.a + t1.b)/2) ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1_m WHERE prt1_m.c = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2_m WHERE prt2_m.c = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = (t2.b + t2.a)/2 AND t2.b = (t1.a + t1.b)/2) ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+--
+-- tests for list partitioned tables.
+--
+CREATE TABLE plt1 (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST(c);
+CREATE TABLE plt1_p1 PARTITION OF plt1 FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0003', '0004', '0010');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_p2 PARTITION OF plt1 FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0005', '0002', '0009');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_p3 PARTITION OF plt1 FOR VALUES IN ('0006', '0007', '0008', '0011');
+INSERT INTO plt1 SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE plt1;
+
+CREATE TABLE plt2 (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST(c);
+CREATE TABLE plt2_p1 PARTITION OF plt2 FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0003', '0004', '0010');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_p2 PARTITION OF plt2 FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0005', '0002', '0009');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_p3 PARTITION OF plt2 FOR VALUES IN ('0006', '0007', '0008', '0011');
+INSERT INTO plt2 SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 3) i;
+ANALYZE plt2;
+
+--
+-- list partitioned by expression
+--
+CREATE TABLE plt1_e (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST(ltrim(c, 'A'));
+CREATE TABLE plt1_e_p1 PARTITION OF plt1_e FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0003', '0004', '0010');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_e_p2 PARTITION OF plt1_e FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0005', '0002', '0009');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_e_p3 PARTITION OF plt1_e FOR VALUES IN ('0006', '0007', '0008', '0011');
+INSERT INTO plt1_e SELECT i, i, 'A' || to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE plt1_e;
+
+-- test partition matching with N-way join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT avg(t1.a), avg(t2.b), avg(t3.a + t3.b), t1.c, t2.c, t3.c FROM plt1 t1, plt2 t2, plt1_e t3 WHERE t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c AND ltrim(t3.c, 'A') = t1.c GROUP BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c ORDER BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c;
+SELECT avg(t1.a), avg(t2.b), avg(t3.a + t3.b), t1.c, t2.c, t3.c FROM plt1 t1, plt2 t2, plt1_e t3 WHERE t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c AND ltrim(t3.c, 'A') = t1.c GROUP BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c ORDER BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c;
+
+-- joins where one of the relations is proven empty
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.a = 1 AND t1.a = 2;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a = 1 AND a = 2) t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a = 1 AND a = 2) t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b, prt1 t3 WHERE t2.b = t3.a;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1 WHERE a = 1 AND a = 2) t1 FULL JOIN prt2 t2 ON t1.a = t2.b WHERE t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+--
+-- tests for hash partitioned tables.
+--
+CREATE TABLE pht1 (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY HASH(c);
+CREATE TABLE pht1_p1 PARTITION OF pht1 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE pht1_p2 PARTITION OF pht1 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 1);
+CREATE TABLE pht1_p3 PARTITION OF pht1 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 2);
+INSERT INTO pht1 SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE pht1;
+
+CREATE TABLE pht2 (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY HASH(c);
+CREATE TABLE pht2_p1 PARTITION OF pht2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE pht2_p2 PARTITION OF pht2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 1);
+CREATE TABLE pht2_p3 PARTITION OF pht2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 2);
+INSERT INTO pht2 SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 3) i;
+ANALYZE pht2;
+
+--
+-- hash partitioned by expression
+--
+CREATE TABLE pht1_e (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY HASH(ltrim(c, 'A'));
+CREATE TABLE pht1_e_p1 PARTITION OF pht1_e FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE pht1_e_p2 PARTITION OF pht1_e FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 1);
+CREATE TABLE pht1_e_p3 PARTITION OF pht1_e FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 3, REMAINDER 2);
+INSERT INTO pht1_e SELECT i, i, 'A' || to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 299, 2) i;
+ANALYZE pht1_e;
+
+-- test partition matching with N-way join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT avg(t1.a), avg(t2.b), avg(t3.a + t3.b), t1.c, t2.c, t3.c FROM pht1 t1, pht2 t2, pht1_e t3 WHERE t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c AND ltrim(t3.c, 'A') = t1.c GROUP BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c ORDER BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c;
+SELECT avg(t1.a), avg(t2.b), avg(t3.a + t3.b), t1.c, t2.c, t3.c FROM pht1 t1, pht2 t2, pht1_e t3 WHERE t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c AND ltrim(t3.c, 'A') = t1.c GROUP BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c ORDER BY t1.c, t2.c, t3.c;
+
+-- test default partition behavior for range
+ALTER TABLE prt1 DETACH PARTITION prt1_p3;
+ALTER TABLE prt1 ATTACH PARTITION prt1_p3 DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE prt1;
+ALTER TABLE prt2 DETACH PARTITION prt2_p3;
+ALTER TABLE prt2 ATTACH PARTITION prt2_p3 DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE prt2;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt2 t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- test default partition behavior for list
+ALTER TABLE plt1 DETACH PARTITION plt1_p3;
+ALTER TABLE plt1 ATTACH PARTITION plt1_p3 DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE plt1;
+ALTER TABLE plt2 DETACH PARTITION plt2_p3;
+ALTER TABLE plt2 ATTACH PARTITION plt2_p3 DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE plt2;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT avg(t1.a), avg(t2.b), t1.c, t2.c FROM plt1 t1 RIGHT JOIN plt2 t2 ON t1.c = t2.c WHERE t1.a % 25 = 0 GROUP BY t1.c, t2.c ORDER BY t1.c, t2.c;
+--
+-- multiple levels of partitioning
+--
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_l FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_l FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p2_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_l_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0001');
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p2_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_l_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0002', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p3 PARTITION OF prt1_l FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p3_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_l_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (13);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_l_p3_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_l_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (13) TO (25);
+INSERT INTO prt1_l SELECT i, i % 25, to_char(i % 4, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt1_l;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE(b);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_l FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (250);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_l FOR VALUES FROM (250) TO (500) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p2_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_l_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0001');
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p2_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_l_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0002', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p3 PARTITION OF prt2_l FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p3_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_l_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (13);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_l_p3_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_l_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (13) TO (25);
+INSERT INTO prt2_l SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i % 4, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 3) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_l;
+
+-- inner join, qual covering only top-level partitions
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1, prt2_l t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1, prt2_l t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_l t2 ON t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_l t2 ON t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- right join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2_l t2 ON t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c WHERE t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_l t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2_l t2 ON t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c WHERE t2.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1_l WHERE prt1_l.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2_l WHERE prt2_l.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c) ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1_l WHERE prt1_l.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT * FROM prt2_l WHERE prt2_l.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c) ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- lateral partitionwise join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM prt1_l t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t2.c AS t2c, t2.b AS t2b, t3.b AS t3b, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.b) FROM prt1_l t2 JOIN prt2_l t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b AND t2.c = t3.c)) ss
+			  ON t1.a = ss.t2a AND t1.c = ss.t2c WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT * FROM prt1_l t1 LEFT JOIN LATERAL
+			  (SELECT t2.a AS t2a, t2.c AS t2c, t2.b AS t2b, t3.b AS t3b, least(t1.a,t2.a,t3.b) FROM prt1_l t2 JOIN prt2_l t3 ON (t2.a = t3.b AND t2.c = t3.c)) ss
+			  ON t1.a = ss.t2a AND t1.c = ss.t2c WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- join with one side empty
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT * FROM prt1_l WHERE a = 1 AND a = 2) t1 RIGHT JOIN prt2_l t2 ON t1.a = t2.b AND t1.b = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c;
+
+-- Test case to verify proper handling of subqueries in a partitioned delete.
+-- The weird-looking lateral join is just there to force creation of a
+-- nestloop parameter within the subquery, which exposes the problem if the
+-- planner fails to make multiple copies of the subquery as appropriate.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM prt1_l
+WHERE EXISTS (
+  SELECT 1
+    FROM int4_tbl,
+         LATERAL (SELECT int4_tbl.f1 FROM int8_tbl LIMIT 2) ss
+    WHERE prt1_l.c IS NULL);
+
+--
+-- negative testcases
+--
+CREATE TABLE prt1_n (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE(c);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_n_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_n FOR VALUES FROM ('0000') TO ('0250');
+CREATE TABLE prt1_n_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_n FOR VALUES FROM ('0250') TO ('0500');
+INSERT INTO prt1_n SELECT i, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 499, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt1_n;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt2_n (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST(c);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_n_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_n FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0003', '0004', '0010', '0006', '0007');
+CREATE TABLE prt2_n_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_n FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0005', '0002', '0009', '0008', '0011');
+INSERT INTO prt2_n SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_n;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt3_n (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST(c);
+CREATE TABLE prt3_n_p1 PARTITION OF prt3_n FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0004', '0006', '0007');
+CREATE TABLE prt3_n_p2 PARTITION OF prt3_n FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0002', '0008', '0010');
+CREATE TABLE prt3_n_p3 PARTITION OF prt3_n FOR VALUES IN ('0003', '0005', '0009', '0011');
+INSERT INTO prt2_n SELECT i, i, to_char(i/50, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt3_n;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt4_n (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE prt4_n_p1 PARTITION OF prt4_n FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE prt4_n_p2 PARTITION OF prt4_n FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (500);
+CREATE TABLE prt4_n_p3 PARTITION OF prt4_n FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (600);
+INSERT INTO prt4_n SELECT i, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 599, 2) i;
+ANALYZE prt4_n;
+
+-- partitionwise join can not be applied if the partition ranges differ
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt4_n t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1, prt4_n t2, prt2 t3 WHERE t1.a = t2.a and t1.a = t3.b;
+
+-- partitionwise join can not be applied if there are no equi-join conditions
+-- between partition keys
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1 t1 LEFT JOIN prt2 t2 ON (t1.a < t2.b);
+
+-- equi-join with join condition on partial keys does not qualify for
+-- partitionwise join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_m t1, prt2_m t2 WHERE t1.a = (t2.b + t2.a)/2;
+
+-- equi-join between out-of-order partition key columns does not qualify for
+-- partitionwise join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_m t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_m t2 ON t1.a = t2.b;
+
+-- equi-join between non-key columns does not qualify for partitionwise join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_m t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_m t2 ON t1.c = t2.c;
+
+-- partitionwise join can not be applied for a join between list and range
+-- partitioned tables
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_n t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_n t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c);
+
+-- partitionwise join can not be applied between tables with different
+-- partition lists
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_n t1 JOIN prt2_n t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c) JOIN plt1 t3 ON (t1.c = t3.c);
+
+-- partitionwise join can not be applied for a join between key column and
+-- non-key column
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_n t1 FULL JOIN prt1 t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c);
+
+--
+-- Test some other plan types in a partitionwise join (unfortunately,
+-- we need larger tables to get the planner to choose these plan types)
+--
+create temp table prtx1 (a integer, b integer, c integer)
+  partition by range (a);
+create temp table prtx1_1 partition of prtx1 for values from (1) to (11);
+create temp table prtx1_2 partition of prtx1 for values from (11) to (21);
+create temp table prtx1_3 partition of prtx1 for values from (21) to (31);
+create temp table prtx2 (a integer, b integer, c integer)
+  partition by range (a);
+create temp table prtx2_1 partition of prtx2 for values from (1) to (11);
+create temp table prtx2_2 partition of prtx2 for values from (11) to (21);
+create temp table prtx2_3 partition of prtx2 for values from (21) to (31);
+insert into prtx1 select 1 + i%30, i, i
+  from generate_series(1,1000) i;
+insert into prtx2 select 1 + i%30, i, i
+  from generate_series(1,500) i, generate_series(1,10) j;
+create index on prtx2 (b);
+create index on prtx2 (c);
+analyze prtx1;
+analyze prtx2;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from prtx1
+where not exists (select 1 from prtx2
+                  where prtx2.a=prtx1.a and prtx2.b=prtx1.b and prtx2.c=123)
+  and a<20 and c=120;
+
+select * from prtx1
+where not exists (select 1 from prtx2
+                  where prtx2.a=prtx1.a and prtx2.b=prtx1.b and prtx2.c=123)
+  and a<20 and c=120;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from prtx1
+where not exists (select 1 from prtx2
+                  where prtx2.a=prtx1.a and (prtx2.b=prtx1.b+1 or prtx2.c=99))
+  and a<20 and c=91;
+
+select * from prtx1
+where not exists (select 1 from prtx2
+                  where prtx2.a=prtx1.a and (prtx2.b=prtx1.b+1 or prtx2.c=99))
+  and a<20 and c=91;
+
+--
+-- Test advanced partition-matching algorithm for partitioned join
+--
+
+-- Tests for range-partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p3 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (400);
+CREATE INDEX prt1_adv_a_idx ON prt1_adv (a);
+INSERT INTO prt1_adv SELECT i, i % 25, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 399) i;
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (150);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p3 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (350) TO (500);
+CREATE INDEX prt2_adv_b_idx ON prt2_adv (b);
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv_p1 SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 149) i;
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv_p2 SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(200, 299) i;
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv_p3 SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(350, 499) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 175 phv, * FROM prt1_adv WHERE prt1_adv.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 425 phv, * FROM prt2_adv WHERE prt2_adv.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 175 phv, * FROM prt1_adv WHERE prt1_adv.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 425 phv, * FROM prt2_adv WHERE prt2_adv.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- Test cases where one side has an extra partition
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_extra PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (500) TO (MAXVALUE);
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(500, 599) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- left join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.b, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM prt2_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt1_adv t2 ON (t1.b = t2.a) WHERE t1.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.b, t2.a;
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- anti join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt2_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt1_adv t2 WHERE t1.b = t2.a) AND t1.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.b;
+
+-- full join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 175 phv, * FROM prt1_adv WHERE prt1_adv.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 425 phv, * FROM prt2_adv WHERE prt2_adv.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- 3-way join where not every pair of relations can do partitioned join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.b, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM prt2_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt1_adv t2 ON (t1.b = t2.a) INNER JOIN prt1_adv t3 ON (t1.b = t3.a) WHERE t1.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.b, t2.a, t3.a;
+SELECT t1.b, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM prt2_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt1_adv t2 ON (t1.b = t2.a) INNER JOIN prt1_adv t3 ON (t1.b = t3.a) WHERE t1.a = 0 ORDER BY t1.b, t2.a, t3.a;
+
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv_extra;
+
+-- Test cases where a partition on one side matches multiple partitions on
+-- the other side; we currently can't do partitioned join in such cases
+ALTER TABLE prt2_adv DETACH PARTITION prt2_adv_p3;
+-- Split prt2_adv_p3 into two partitions so that prt1_adv_p3 matches both
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p3_1 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (350) TO (375);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p3_2 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (375) TO (500);
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(350, 499) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM prt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM prt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.b) AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM (SELECT 175 phv, * FROM prt1_adv WHERE prt1_adv.b = 0) t1 FULL JOIN (SELECT 425 phv, * FROM prt2_adv WHERE prt2_adv.a = 0) t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.phv = t1.a OR t2.phv = t2.b ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv_p3_1;
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv_p3_2;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+
+-- Test default partitions
+ALTER TABLE prt1_adv DETACH PARTITION prt1_adv_p1;
+-- Change prt1_adv_p1 to the default partition
+ALTER TABLE prt1_adv ATTACH PARTITION prt1_adv_p1 DEFAULT;
+ALTER TABLE prt1_adv DETACH PARTITION prt1_adv_p3;
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+
+-- We can do partitioned join even if only one of relations has the default
+-- partition
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+-- Restore prt1_adv_p3
+ALTER TABLE prt1_adv ATTACH PARTITION prt1_adv_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (400);
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+
+-- Restore prt2_adv_p3
+ALTER TABLE prt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION prt2_adv_p3 FOR VALUES FROM (350) TO (500);
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+
+-- Partitioned join can't be applied because the default partition of prt1_adv
+-- matches prt2_adv_p1 and prt2_adv_p3
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+ALTER TABLE prt2_adv DETACH PARTITION prt2_adv_p3;
+-- Change prt2_adv_p3 to the default partition
+ALTER TABLE prt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION prt2_adv_p3 DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+
+-- Partitioned join can't be applied because the default partition of prt1_adv
+-- matches prt2_adv_p1 and prt2_adv_p3
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+DROP TABLE prt1_adv_p3;
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv_p3;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt3_adv (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE prt3_adv_p1 PARTITION OF prt3_adv FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE prt3_adv_p2 PARTITION OF prt3_adv FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (400);
+CREATE INDEX prt3_adv_a_idx ON prt3_adv (a);
+INSERT INTO prt3_adv SELECT i, i % 25, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(200, 399) i;
+ANALYZE prt3_adv;
+
+-- 3-way join to test the default partition of a join relation
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) LEFT JOIN prt3_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM prt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) LEFT JOIN prt3_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a) WHERE t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b, t3.a;
+
+DROP TABLE prt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv;
+DROP TABLE prt3_adv;
+
+-- Test interaction of partitioned join with partition pruning
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p1 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p2 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_p3 PARTITION OF prt1_adv FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (400);
+CREATE INDEX prt1_adv_a_idx ON prt1_adv (a);
+INSERT INTO prt1_adv SELECT i, i % 25, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 399) i;
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv (a int, b int, c varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p1 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_p2 PARTITION OF prt2_adv FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (400);
+CREATE INDEX prt2_adv_b_idx ON prt2_adv (b);
+INSERT INTO prt2_adv SELECT i % 25, i, to_char(i, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 399) i;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.a < 300 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.a < 300 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+DROP TABLE prt1_adv_p3;
+CREATE TABLE prt1_adv_default PARTITION OF prt1_adv DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE prt1_adv;
+
+CREATE TABLE prt2_adv_default PARTITION OF prt2_adv DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE prt2_adv;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.a >= 100 AND t1.a < 300 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.b, t2.c FROM prt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN prt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.b) WHERE t1.a >= 100 AND t1.a < 300 AND t1.b = 0 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.b;
+
+DROP TABLE prt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE prt2_adv;
+
+
+-- Tests for list-partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p3 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0008', '0009');
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9);
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0002', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p3 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0007', '0009');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+
+-- Test cases where one side has an extra partition
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_extra PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0000');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv_extra VALUES (0, 0, '0000');
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- left join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt2_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt1_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- anti join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt2_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt1_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- full join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_extra;
+
+-- Test cases where a partition on one side matches multiple partitions on
+-- the other side; we currently can't do partitioned join in such cases
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv DETACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2;
+-- Split plt2_adv_p2 into two partitions so that plt1_adv_p2 matches both
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2_1 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2_2 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0006');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (4, 6);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p2_1;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p2_2;
+-- Restore plt2_adv_p2
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+
+-- Test NULL partitions
+ALTER TABLE plt1_adv DETACH PARTITION plt1_adv_p1;
+-- Change plt1_adv_p1 to the NULL partition
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p1_null PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL, '0001', '0003');
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 3);
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv DETACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p3;
+-- Change plt2_adv_p3 to the NULL partition
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p3_null PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL, '0007', '0009');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (7, 9);
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- semi join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- anti join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.* FROM plt1_adv t1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM plt2_adv t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv_p1_null;
+-- Restore plt1_adv_p1
+ALTER TABLE plt1_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt1_adv_p1 FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0003');
+-- Add to plt1_adv the extra NULL partition containing only NULL values as the
+-- key values
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_extra PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL);
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p3_null;
+-- Restore plt2_adv_p3
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p3 FOR VALUES IN ('0007', '0009');
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- left join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- full join; currently we can't do partitioned join if there are no matched
+-- partitions on the nullable side
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+
+-- Add to plt2_adv the extra NULL partition containing only NULL values as the
+-- key values
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_extra PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL);
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+-- inner join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- left join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- full join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 FULL JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.b, 0) < 10 AND coalesce(t2.b, 0) < 10 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a;
+
+-- 3-way join to test the NULL partition of a join relation
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) LEFT JOIN plt1_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a AND t1.c = t3.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) LEFT JOIN plt1_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a AND t1.c = t3.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv_extra;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_extra;
+
+-- Test default partitions
+ALTER TABLE plt1_adv DETACH PARTITION plt1_adv_p1;
+-- Change plt1_adv_p1 to the default partition
+ALTER TABLE plt1_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt1_adv_p1 DEFAULT;
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv_p3;
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p3;
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+-- We can do partitioned join even if only one of relations has the default
+-- partition
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv DETACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2;
+-- Change plt2_adv_p2 to contain '0005' in addition to '0004' and '0006' as
+-- the key values
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2_ext PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0005', '0006');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (4, 5, 6);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+-- Partitioned join can't be applied because the default partition of plt1_adv
+-- matches plt2_adv_p1 and plt2_adv_p2_ext
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv DETACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2_ext;
+-- Change plt2_adv_p2_ext to the default partition
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2_ext DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+-- Partitioned join can't be applied because the default partition of plt1_adv
+-- matches plt2_adv_p1 and plt2_adv_p2_ext
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p2_ext;
+-- Restore plt2_adv_p2
+ALTER TABLE plt2_adv ATTACH PARTITION plt2_adv_p2 FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt3_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt3_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0007', '0009');
+INSERT INTO plt3_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (4, 6, 7, 9);
+ANALYZE plt3_adv;
+
+-- 3-way join to test the default partition of a join relation
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) LEFT JOIN plt3_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a AND t1.c = t3.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) LEFT JOIN plt3_adv t3 ON (t1.a = t3.a AND t1.c = t3.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+-- Test cases where one side has the default partition while the other side
+-- has the NULL partition
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p1;
+-- Add the NULL partition to plt2_adv
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p1_null PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL, '0001', '0003');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 3);
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv_p1_null;
+-- Add the NULL partition that contains only NULL values as the key values
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p1_null PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL);
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt3_adv;
+
+-- Test interaction of partitioned join with partition pruning
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0001');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0002');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p3 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0003');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p4 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL, '0004', '0005');
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0002');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN (NULL);
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p3 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0003');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p4 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0005');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(1, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv VALUES (-1, -1, NULL);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IN ('0003', '0004', '0005') AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IN ('0003', '0004', '0005') AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IS NULL AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IS NULL AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_default PARTITION OF plt1_adv DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_default PARTITION OF plt2_adv DEFAULT;
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IN ('0003', '0004', '0005') AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 INNER JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IN ('0003', '0004', '0005') AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IS NULL AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c FROM plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE t1.c IS NULL AND t1.b < 10 ORDER BY t1.a;
+
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv;
+
+-- Test the process_outer_partition() code path
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0000', '0001', '0002');
+CREATE TABLE plt1_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt1_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0003', '0004');
+INSERT INTO plt1_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 5, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 24) i;
+ANALYZE plt1_adv;
+
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0002');
+CREATE TABLE plt2_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt2_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0003', '0004');
+INSERT INTO plt2_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 5, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 24) i WHERE i % 5 IN (2, 3, 4);
+ANALYZE plt2_adv;
+
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv_p1 PARTITION OF plt3_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0001');
+CREATE TABLE plt3_adv_p2 PARTITION OF plt3_adv FOR VALUES IN ('0003', '0004');
+INSERT INTO plt3_adv SELECT i, i, to_char(i % 5, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(0, 24) i WHERE i % 5 IN (1, 3, 4);
+ANALYZE plt3_adv;
+
+-- This tests that when merging partitions from plt1_adv and plt2_adv in
+-- merge_list_bounds(), process_outer_partition() returns an already-assigned
+-- merged partition when re-called with plt1_adv_p1 for the second list value
+-- '0001' of that partition
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM (plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c)) FULL JOIN plt3_adv t3 ON (t1.c = t3.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 3 AND coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 4 ORDER BY t1.c, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a;
+SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM (plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c)) FULL JOIN plt3_adv t3 ON (t1.c = t3.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 3 AND coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 4 ORDER BY t1.c, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a;
+
+DROP TABLE plt1_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt2_adv;
+DROP TABLE plt3_adv;
+
+
+-- Tests for multi-level partitioned tables
+CREATE TABLE alpha (a double precision, b int, c text) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_neg PARTITION OF alpha FOR VALUES FROM ('-Infinity') TO (0) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_pos PARTITION OF alpha FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10.0) PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_neg_p1 PARTITION OF alpha_neg FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_neg_p2 PARTITION OF alpha_neg FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_neg_p3 PARTITION OF alpha_neg FOR VALUES FROM (300) TO (400);
+CREATE TABLE alpha_pos_p1 PARTITION OF alpha_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0001', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE alpha_pos_p2 PARTITION OF alpha_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+CREATE TABLE alpha_pos_p3 PARTITION OF alpha_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0008', '0009');
+INSERT INTO alpha_neg SELECT -1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 399) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9);
+INSERT INTO alpha_pos SELECT  1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 399) i WHERE i % 10 IN (1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9);
+ANALYZE alpha;
+
+CREATE TABLE beta (a double precision, b int, c text) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE beta_neg PARTITION OF beta FOR VALUES FROM (-10.0) TO (0) PARTITION BY RANGE (b);
+CREATE TABLE beta_pos PARTITION OF beta FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO ('Infinity') PARTITION BY LIST (c);
+CREATE TABLE beta_neg_p1 PARTITION OF beta_neg FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (150);
+CREATE TABLE beta_neg_p2 PARTITION OF beta_neg FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+CREATE TABLE beta_neg_p3 PARTITION OF beta_neg FOR VALUES FROM (350) TO (500);
+CREATE TABLE beta_pos_p1 PARTITION OF beta_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0002', '0003');
+CREATE TABLE beta_pos_p2 PARTITION OF beta_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0004', '0006');
+CREATE TABLE beta_pos_p3 PARTITION OF beta_pos FOR VALUES IN ('0007', '0009');
+INSERT INTO beta_neg SELECT -1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 149) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+INSERT INTO beta_neg SELECT -1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(200, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+INSERT INTO beta_neg SELECT -1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(350, 499) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+INSERT INTO beta_pos SELECT  1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(100, 149) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+INSERT INTO beta_pos SELECT  1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(200, 299) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+INSERT INTO beta_pos SELECT  1.0, i, to_char(i % 10, 'FM0000') FROM generate_series(350, 499) i WHERE i % 10 IN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9);
+ANALYZE beta;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.b = t2.b) WHERE t1.b >= 125 AND t1.b < 225 ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b;
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.b = t2.b) WHERE t1.b >= 125 AND t1.b < 225 ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE ((t1.b >= 100 AND t1.b < 110) OR (t1.b >= 200 AND t1.b < 210)) AND ((t2.b >= 100 AND t2.b < 110) OR (t2.b >= 200 AND t2.b < 210)) AND t1.c IN ('0004', '0009') ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b, t2.b;
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE ((t1.b >= 100 AND t1.b < 110) OR (t1.b >= 200 AND t1.b < 210)) AND ((t2.b >= 100 AND t2.b < 110) OR (t2.b >= 200 AND t2.b < 210)) AND t1.c IN ('0004', '0009') ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b, t2.b;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE ((t1.b >= 100 AND t1.b < 110) OR (t1.b >= 200 AND t1.b < 210)) AND ((t2.b >= 100 AND t2.b < 110) OR (t2.b >= 200 AND t2.b < 210)) AND t1.c IN ('0004', '0009') ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b;
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM alpha t1 INNER JOIN beta t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a AND t1.b = t2.b AND t1.c = t2.c) WHERE ((t1.b >= 100 AND t1.b < 110) OR (t1.b >= 200 AND t1.b < 210)) AND ((t2.b >= 100 AND t2.b < 110) OR (t2.b >= 200 AND t2.b < 210)) AND t1.c IN ('0004', '0009') ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b;
+
+-- partitionwise join with fractional paths
+CREATE TABLE fract_t (id BIGINT, PRIMARY KEY (id)) PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+CREATE TABLE fract_t0 PARTITION OF fract_t FOR VALUES FROM ('0') TO ('1000');
+CREATE TABLE fract_t1 PARTITION OF fract_t FOR VALUES FROM ('1000') TO ('2000');
+
+-- insert data
+INSERT INTO fract_t (id) (SELECT generate_series(0, 1999));
+ANALYZE fract_t;
+
+-- verify plan; nested index only scans
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;
+SET enable_partitionwise_join = on;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM fract_t x LEFT JOIN fract_t y USING (id) ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 10;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM fract_t x LEFT JOIN fract_t y USING (id) ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 10;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP TABLE fract_t;
+
+RESET max_parallel_workers_per_gather;
+RESET enable_partitionwise_join;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/partition_prune.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/partition_prune.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff7e535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/partition_prune.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1283 @@
+--
+-- Test partitioning planner code
+--
+
+-- Force generic plans to be used for all prepared statements in this file.
+set plan_cache_mode = force_generic_plan;
+
+create table lp (a char) partition by list (a);
+create table lp_default partition of lp default;
+create table lp_ef partition of lp for values in ('e', 'f');
+create table lp_ad partition of lp for values in ('a', 'd');
+create table lp_bc partition of lp for values in ('b', 'c');
+create table lp_g partition of lp for values in ('g');
+create table lp_null partition of lp for values in (null);
+explain (costs off) select * from lp;
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a > 'a' and a < 'd';
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a > 'a' and a <= 'd';
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a = 'a';
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where 'a' = a;	/* commuted */
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a is not null;
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a = 'a' or a = 'c';
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a is not null and (a = 'a' or a = 'c');
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a <> 'g';
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a <> 'a' and a <> 'd';
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a not in ('a', 'd');
+
+-- collation matches the partitioning collation, pruning works
+create table coll_pruning (a text collate "C") partition by list (a);
+create table coll_pruning_a partition of coll_pruning for values in ('a');
+create table coll_pruning_b partition of coll_pruning for values in ('b');
+create table coll_pruning_def partition of coll_pruning default;
+explain (costs off) select * from coll_pruning where a collate "C" = 'a' collate "C";
+-- collation doesn't match the partitioning collation, no pruning occurs
+explain (costs off) select * from coll_pruning where a collate "POSIX" = 'a' collate "POSIX";
+
+create table rlp (a int, b varchar) partition by range (a);
+create table rlp_default partition of rlp default partition by list (a);
+create table rlp_default_default partition of rlp_default default;
+create table rlp_default_10 partition of rlp_default for values in (10);
+create table rlp_default_30 partition of rlp_default for values in (30);
+create table rlp_default_null partition of rlp_default for values in (null);
+create table rlp1 partition of rlp for values from (minvalue) to (1);
+create table rlp2 partition of rlp for values from (1) to (10);
+
+create table rlp3 (b varchar, a int) partition by list (b varchar_ops);
+create table rlp3_default partition of rlp3 default;
+create table rlp3abcd partition of rlp3 for values in ('ab', 'cd');
+create table rlp3efgh partition of rlp3 for values in ('ef', 'gh');
+create table rlp3nullxy partition of rlp3 for values in (null, 'xy');
+alter table rlp attach partition rlp3 for values from (15) to (20);
+
+create table rlp4 partition of rlp for values from (20) to (30) partition by range (a);
+create table rlp4_default partition of rlp4 default;
+create table rlp4_1 partition of rlp4 for values from (20) to (25);
+create table rlp4_2 partition of rlp4 for values from (25) to (29);
+
+create table rlp5 partition of rlp for values from (31) to (maxvalue) partition by range (a);
+create table rlp5_default partition of rlp5 default;
+create table rlp5_1 partition of rlp5 for values from (31) to (40);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a < 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where 1 > a;	/* commuted */
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a <= 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1::bigint;		/* same as above */
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1::numeric;		/* no pruning */
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a <= 10;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 10;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a < 15;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a <= 15;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 15 and b = 'ab';
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16 and b in ('not', 'in', 'here');
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16 and b < 'ab';
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16 and b <= 'ab';
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16 and b is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 16 and b is not null;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a is not null;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 30;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 30;	/* only default is scanned */
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a <= 31;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1 or a = 7;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1 or b = 'ab';
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 20 and a < 27;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 29;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a >= 29;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a < 1 or (a > 20 and a < 25);
+
+-- where clause contradicts sub-partition's constraint
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 20 or a = 40;
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp3 where a = 20;   /* empty */
+
+-- redundant clauses are eliminated
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 1 and a = 10;	/* only default */
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a > 1 and a >=15;	/* rlp3 onwards, including default */
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 1 and a = 3;	/* empty */
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where (a = 1 and a = 3) or (a > 1 and a = 15);
+
+-- multi-column keys
+create table mc3p (a int, b int, c int) partition by range (a, abs(b), c);
+create table mc3p_default partition of mc3p default;
+create table mc3p0 partition of mc3p for values from (minvalue, minvalue, minvalue) to (1, 1, 1);
+create table mc3p1 partition of mc3p for values from (1, 1, 1) to (10, 5, 10);
+create table mc3p2 partition of mc3p for values from (10, 5, 10) to (10, 10, 10);
+create table mc3p3 partition of mc3p for values from (10, 10, 10) to (10, 10, 20);
+create table mc3p4 partition of mc3p for values from (10, 10, 20) to (10, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+create table mc3p5 partition of mc3p for values from (11, 1, 1) to (20, 10, 10);
+create table mc3p6 partition of mc3p for values from (20, 10, 10) to (20, 20, 20);
+create table mc3p7 partition of mc3p for values from (20, 20, 20) to (maxvalue, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 1 and abs(b) < 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 1 and abs(b) = 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 1 and abs(b) = 1 and c < 8;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 10 and abs(b) between 5 and 35;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a > 10;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a >= 10;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a < 10;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a <= 10 and abs(b) < 10;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 11 and abs(b) = 0;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 20 and abs(b) = 10 and c = 100;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a > 20;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a >= 20;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where (a = 1 and abs(b) = 1 and c = 1) or (a = 10 and abs(b) = 5 and c = 10) or (a > 11 and a < 20);
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where (a = 1 and abs(b) = 1 and c = 1) or (a = 10 and abs(b) = 5 and c = 10) or (a > 11 and a < 20) or a < 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where (a = 1 and abs(b) = 1 and c = 1) or (a = 10 and abs(b) = 5 and c = 10) or (a > 11 and a < 20) or a < 1 or a = 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where a = 1 or abs(b) = 1 or c = 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where (a = 1 and abs(b) = 1) or (a = 10 and abs(b) = 10);
+explain (costs off) select * from mc3p where (a = 1 and abs(b) = 1) or (a = 10 and abs(b) = 9);
+
+-- a simpler multi-column keys case
+create table mc2p (a int, b int) partition by range (a, b);
+create table mc2p_default partition of mc2p default;
+create table mc2p0 partition of mc2p for values from (minvalue, minvalue) to (1, minvalue);
+create table mc2p1 partition of mc2p for values from (1, minvalue) to (1, 1);
+create table mc2p2 partition of mc2p for values from (1, 1) to (2, minvalue);
+create table mc2p3 partition of mc2p for values from (2, minvalue) to (2, 1);
+create table mc2p4 partition of mc2p for values from (2, 1) to (2, maxvalue);
+create table mc2p5 partition of mc2p for values from (2, maxvalue) to (maxvalue, maxvalue);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a < 2;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a = 2 and b < 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a > 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a = 1 and b > 1;
+
+-- all partitions but the default one should be pruned
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a = 1 and b is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a is null and b is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a is null and b = 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where a is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p where b is null;
+
+-- boolean partitioning
+create table boolpart (a bool) partition by list (a);
+create table boolpart_default partition of boolpart default;
+create table boolpart_t partition of boolpart for values in ('true');
+create table boolpart_f partition of boolpart for values in ('false');
+insert into boolpart values (true), (false), (null);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a in (true, false);
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a = false;
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where not a = false;
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a is true or a is not true;
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a is not true;
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a is not true and a is not false;
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a is unknown;
+explain (costs off) select * from boolpart where a is not unknown;
+
+select * from boolpart where a in (true, false);
+select * from boolpart where a = false;
+select * from boolpart where not a = false;
+select * from boolpart where a is true or a is not true;
+select * from boolpart where a is not true;
+select * from boolpart where a is not true and a is not false;
+select * from boolpart where a is unknown;
+select * from boolpart where a is not unknown;
+
+-- inverse boolean partitioning - a seemingly unlikely design, but we've got
+-- code for it, so we'd better test it.
+create table iboolpart (a bool) partition by list ((not a));
+create table iboolpart_default partition of iboolpart default;
+create table iboolpart_f partition of iboolpart for values in ('true');
+create table iboolpart_t partition of iboolpart for values in ('false');
+insert into iboolpart values (true), (false), (null);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a in (true, false);
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a = false;
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where not a = false;
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a is true or a is not true;
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a is not true;
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a is not true and a is not false;
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a is unknown;
+explain (costs off) select * from iboolpart where a is not unknown;
+
+select * from iboolpart where a in (true, false);
+select * from iboolpart where a = false;
+select * from iboolpart where not a = false;
+select * from iboolpart where a is true or a is not true;
+select * from iboolpart where a is not true;
+select * from iboolpart where a is not true and a is not false;
+select * from iboolpart where a is unknown;
+select * from iboolpart where a is not unknown;
+
+create table boolrangep (a bool, b bool, c int) partition by range (a,b,c);
+create table boolrangep_tf partition of boolrangep for values from ('true', 'false', 0) to ('true', 'false', 100);
+create table boolrangep_ft partition of boolrangep for values from ('false', 'true', 0) to ('false', 'true', 100);
+create table boolrangep_ff1 partition of boolrangep for values from ('false', 'false', 0) to ('false', 'false', 50);
+create table boolrangep_ff2 partition of boolrangep for values from ('false', 'false', 50) to ('false', 'false', 100);
+
+-- try a more complex case that's been known to trip up pruning in the past
+explain (costs off)  select * from boolrangep where not a and not b and c = 25;
+
+-- test scalar-to-array operators
+create table coercepart (a varchar) partition by list (a);
+create table coercepart_ab partition of coercepart for values in ('ab');
+create table coercepart_bc partition of coercepart for values in ('bc');
+create table coercepart_cd partition of coercepart for values in ('cd');
+
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a in ('ab', to_char(125, '999'));
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a ~ any ('{ab}');
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a !~ all ('{ab}');
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a ~ any ('{ab,bc}');
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a !~ all ('{ab,bc}');
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = any ('{ab,bc}');
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = any ('{ab,null}');
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = any (null::text[]);
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = all ('{ab}');
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = all ('{ab,bc}');
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = all ('{ab,null}');
+explain (costs off) select * from coercepart where a = all (null::text[]);
+
+drop table coercepart;
+
+CREATE TABLE part (a INT, b INT) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE part_p1 PARTITION OF part FOR VALUES IN (-2,-1,0,1,2);
+CREATE TABLE part_p2 PARTITION OF part DEFAULT PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE part_p2_p1 PARTITION OF part_p2 DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE part_rev (b INT, c INT, a INT);
+ALTER TABLE part ATTACH PARTITION part_rev FOR VALUES IN (3);  -- fail
+ALTER TABLE part_rev DROP COLUMN c;
+ALTER TABLE part ATTACH PARTITION part_rev FOR VALUES IN (3);  -- now it's ok
+INSERT INTO part VALUES (-1,-1), (1,1), (2,NULL), (NULL,-2),(NULL,NULL);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT tableoid::regclass as part, a, b FROM part WHERE a IS NULL ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part p(x) ORDER BY x;
+
+--
+-- some more cases
+--
+
+--
+-- pruning for partitioned table appearing inside a sub-query
+--
+-- pruning won't work for mc3p, because some keys are Params
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p t1, lateral (select count(*) from mc3p t2 where t2.a = t1.b and abs(t2.b) = 1 and t2.c = 1) s where t1.a = 1;
+
+-- pruning should work fine, because values for a prefix of keys (a, b) are
+-- available
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p t1, lateral (select count(*) from mc3p t2 where t2.c = t1.b and abs(t2.b) = 1 and t2.a = 1) s where t1.a = 1;
+
+-- also here, because values for all keys are provided
+explain (costs off) select * from mc2p t1, lateral (select count(*) from mc3p t2 where t2.a = 1 and abs(t2.b) = 1 and t2.c = 1) s where t1.a = 1;
+
+--
+-- pruning with clauses containing <> operator
+--
+
+-- doesn't prune range partitions
+create table rp (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table rp0 partition of rp for values from (minvalue) to (1);
+create table rp1 partition of rp for values from (1) to (2);
+create table rp2 partition of rp for values from (2) to (maxvalue);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from rp where a <> 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from rp where a <> 1 and a <> 2;
+
+-- null partition should be eliminated due to strict <> clause.
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a <> 'a';
+
+-- ensure we detect contradictions in clauses; a can't be NULL and NOT NULL.
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where a <> 'a' and a is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from lp where (a <> 'a' and a <> 'd') or a is null;
+
+-- check that it also works for a partitioned table that's not root,
+-- which in this case are partitions of rlp that are themselves
+-- list-partitioned on b
+explain (costs off) select * from rlp where a = 15 and b <> 'ab' and b <> 'cd' and b <> 'xy' and b is not null;
+
+--
+-- different collations for different keys with same expression
+--
+create table coll_pruning_multi (a text) partition by range (substr(a, 1) collate "POSIX", substr(a, 1) collate "C");
+create table coll_pruning_multi1 partition of coll_pruning_multi for values from ('a', 'a') to ('a', 'e');
+create table coll_pruning_multi2 partition of coll_pruning_multi for values from ('a', 'e') to ('a', 'z');
+create table coll_pruning_multi3 partition of coll_pruning_multi for values from ('b', 'a') to ('b', 'e');
+
+-- no pruning, because no value for the leading key
+explain (costs off) select * from coll_pruning_multi where substr(a, 1) = 'e' collate "C";
+
+-- pruning, with a value provided for the leading key
+explain (costs off) select * from coll_pruning_multi where substr(a, 1) = 'a' collate "POSIX";
+
+-- pruning, with values provided for both keys
+explain (costs off) select * from coll_pruning_multi where substr(a, 1) = 'e' collate "C" and substr(a, 1) = 'a' collate "POSIX";
+
+--
+-- LIKE operators don't prune
+--
+create table like_op_noprune (a text) partition by list (a);
+create table like_op_noprune1 partition of like_op_noprune for values in ('ABC');
+create table like_op_noprune2 partition of like_op_noprune for values in ('BCD');
+explain (costs off) select * from like_op_noprune where a like '%BC';
+
+--
+-- tests wherein clause value requires a cross-type comparison function
+--
+create table lparted_by_int2 (a smallint) partition by list (a);
+create table lparted_by_int2_1 partition of lparted_by_int2 for values in (1);
+create table lparted_by_int2_16384 partition of lparted_by_int2 for values in (16384);
+explain (costs off) select * from lparted_by_int2 where a = 100000000000000;
+
+create table rparted_by_int2 (a smallint) partition by range (a);
+create table rparted_by_int2_1 partition of rparted_by_int2 for values from (1) to (10);
+create table rparted_by_int2_16384 partition of rparted_by_int2 for values from (10) to (16384);
+-- all partitions pruned
+explain (costs off) select * from rparted_by_int2 where a > 100000000000000;
+create table rparted_by_int2_maxvalue partition of rparted_by_int2 for values from (16384) to (maxvalue);
+-- all partitions but rparted_by_int2_maxvalue pruned
+explain (costs off) select * from rparted_by_int2 where a > 100000000000000;
+
+drop table lp, coll_pruning, rlp, mc3p, mc2p, boolpart, iboolpart, boolrangep, rp, coll_pruning_multi, like_op_noprune, lparted_by_int2, rparted_by_int2;
+
+--
+-- Test Partition pruning for HASH partitioning
+--
+-- Use hand-rolled hash functions and operator classes to get predictable
+-- result on different machines.  See the definitions of
+-- part_part_test_int4_ops and part_test_text_ops in insert.sql.
+--
+
+create table hp (a int, b text, c int)
+  partition by hash (a part_test_int4_ops, b part_test_text_ops);
+create table hp0 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 0);
+create table hp3 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 3);
+create table hp1 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 1);
+create table hp2 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 2);
+
+insert into hp values (null, null, 0);
+insert into hp values (1, null, 1);
+insert into hp values (1, 'xxx', 2);
+insert into hp values (null, 'xxx', 3);
+insert into hp values (2, 'xxx', 4);
+insert into hp values (1, 'abcde', 5);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from hp order by c;
+
+-- partial keys won't prune, nor would non-equality conditions
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where b = 'xxx';
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where b is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a < 1 and b = 'xxx';
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a <> 1 and b = 'yyy';
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a <> 1 and b <> 'xxx';
+
+-- pruning should work if either a value or a IS NULL clause is provided for
+-- each of the keys
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a is null and b is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b is null;
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b = 'xxx';
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a is null and b = 'xxx';
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 2 and b = 'xxx';
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b = 'abcde';
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where (a = 1 and b = 'abcde') or (a = 2 and b = 'xxx') or (a is null and b is null);
+
+-- test pruning when not all the partitions exist
+drop table hp1;
+drop table hp3;
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b = 'abcde';
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b = 'abcde' and
+  (c = 2 or c = 3);
+drop table hp2;
+explain (costs off) select * from hp where a = 1 and b = 'abcde' and
+  (c = 2 or c = 3);
+
+--
+-- Test runtime partition pruning
+--
+create table ab (a int not null, b int not null) partition by list (a);
+create table ab_a2 partition of ab for values in(2) partition by list (b);
+create table ab_a2_b1 partition of ab_a2 for values in (1);
+create table ab_a2_b2 partition of ab_a2 for values in (2);
+create table ab_a2_b3 partition of ab_a2 for values in (3);
+create table ab_a1 partition of ab for values in(1) partition by list (b);
+create table ab_a1_b1 partition of ab_a1 for values in (1);
+create table ab_a1_b2 partition of ab_a1 for values in (2);
+create table ab_a1_b3 partition of ab_a1 for values in (3);
+create table ab_a3 partition of ab for values in(3) partition by list (b);
+create table ab_a3_b1 partition of ab_a3 for values in (1);
+create table ab_a3_b2 partition of ab_a3 for values in (2);
+create table ab_a3_b3 partition of ab_a3 for values in (3);
+
+-- Disallow index only scans as concurrent transactions may stop visibility
+-- bits being set causing "Heap Fetches" to be unstable in the EXPLAIN ANALYZE
+-- output.
+set enable_indexonlyscan = off;
+
+prepare ab_q1 (int, int, int) as
+select * from ab where a between $1 and $2 and b <= $3;
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q1 (2, 2, 3);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q1 (1, 2, 3);
+
+deallocate ab_q1;
+
+-- Runtime pruning after optimizer pruning
+prepare ab_q1 (int, int) as
+select a from ab where a between $1 and $2 and b < 3;
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q1 (2, 2);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q1 (2, 4);
+
+-- Ensure a mix of PARAM_EXTERN and PARAM_EXEC Params work together at
+-- different levels of partitioning.
+prepare ab_q2 (int, int) as
+select a from ab where a between $1 and $2 and b < (select 3);
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q2 (2, 2);
+
+-- As above, but swap the PARAM_EXEC Param to the first partition level
+prepare ab_q3 (int, int) as
+select a from ab where b between $1 and $2 and a < (select 3);
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q3 (2, 2);
+
+--
+-- Test runtime pruning with hash partitioned tables
+--
+
+-- recreate partitions dropped above
+create table hp1 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 1);
+create table hp2 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 2);
+create table hp3 partition of hp for values with (modulus 4, remainder 3);
+
+-- Ensure we correctly prune unneeded partitions when there is an IS NULL qual
+prepare hp_q1 (text) as
+select * from hp where a is null and b = $1;
+
+explain (costs off) execute hp_q1('xxx');
+
+deallocate hp_q1;
+
+drop table hp;
+
+-- Test a backwards Append scan
+create table list_part (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table list_part1 partition of list_part for values in (1);
+create table list_part2 partition of list_part for values in (2);
+create table list_part3 partition of list_part for values in (3);
+create table list_part4 partition of list_part for values in (4);
+
+insert into list_part select generate_series(1,4);
+
+begin;
+
+-- Don't select an actual value out of the table as the order of the Append's
+-- subnodes may not be stable.
+declare cur SCROLL CURSOR for select 1 from list_part where a > (select 1) and a < (select 4);
+
+-- move beyond the final row
+move 3 from cur;
+
+-- Ensure we get two rows.
+fetch backward all from cur;
+
+commit;
+
+begin;
+
+-- Test run-time pruning using stable functions
+create function list_part_fn(int) returns int as $$ begin return $1; end;$$ language plpgsql stable;
+
+-- Ensure pruning works using a stable function containing no Vars
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) select * from list_part where a = list_part_fn(1);
+
+-- Ensure pruning does not take place when the function has a Var parameter
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) select * from list_part where a = list_part_fn(a);
+
+-- Ensure pruning does not take place when the expression contains a Var.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) select * from list_part where a = list_part_fn(1) + a;
+
+rollback;
+
+drop table list_part;
+
+-- Parallel append
+
+-- Parallel queries won't necessarily get as many workers as the planner
+-- asked for.  This affects not only the "Workers Launched:" field of EXPLAIN
+-- results, but also row counts and loop counts for parallel scans, Gathers,
+-- and everything in between.  This function filters out the values we can't
+-- rely on to be stable.
+-- This removes enough info that you might wonder why bother with EXPLAIN
+-- ANALYZE at all.  The answer is that we need to see '(never executed)'
+-- notations because that's the only way to verify runtime pruning.
+create function explain_parallel_append(text) returns setof text
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+    ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in
+        execute format('explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) %s',
+            $1)
+    loop
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Workers Launched: \d+', 'Workers Launched: N');
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'actual rows=\d+ loops=\d+', 'actual rows=N loops=N');
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Rows Removed by Filter: \d+', 'Rows Removed by Filter: N');
+        return next ln;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+
+prepare ab_q4 (int, int) as
+select avg(a) from ab where a between $1 and $2 and b < 4;
+
+-- Encourage use of parallel plans
+set parallel_setup_cost = 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost = 0;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2;
+
+select explain_parallel_append('execute ab_q4 (2, 2)');
+
+-- Test run-time pruning with IN lists.
+prepare ab_q5 (int, int, int) as
+select avg(a) from ab where a in($1,$2,$3) and b < 4;
+
+select explain_parallel_append('execute ab_q5 (1, 1, 1)');
+select explain_parallel_append('execute ab_q5 (2, 3, 3)');
+
+-- Try some params whose values do not belong to any partition.
+select explain_parallel_append('execute ab_q5 (33, 44, 55)');
+
+-- Test Parallel Append with PARAM_EXEC Params
+select explain_parallel_append('select count(*) from ab where (a = (select 1) or a = (select 3)) and b = 2');
+
+-- Test pruning during parallel nested loop query
+create table lprt_a (a int not null);
+-- Insert some values we won't find in ab
+insert into lprt_a select 0 from generate_series(1,100);
+
+-- and insert some values that we should find.
+insert into lprt_a values(1),(1);
+
+analyze lprt_a;
+
+create index ab_a2_b1_a_idx on ab_a2_b1 (a);
+create index ab_a2_b2_a_idx on ab_a2_b2 (a);
+create index ab_a2_b3_a_idx on ab_a2_b3 (a);
+create index ab_a1_b1_a_idx on ab_a1_b1 (a);
+create index ab_a1_b2_a_idx on ab_a1_b2 (a);
+create index ab_a1_b3_a_idx on ab_a1_b3 (a);
+create index ab_a3_b1_a_idx on ab_a3_b1 (a);
+create index ab_a3_b2_a_idx on ab_a3_b2 (a);
+create index ab_a3_b3_a_idx on ab_a3_b3 (a);
+
+set enable_hashjoin = 0;
+set enable_mergejoin = 0;
+set enable_memoize = 0;
+
+select explain_parallel_append('select avg(ab.a) from ab inner join lprt_a a on ab.a = a.a where a.a in(0, 0, 1)');
+
+-- Ensure the same partitions are pruned when we make the nested loop
+-- parameter an Expr rather than a plain Param.
+select explain_parallel_append('select avg(ab.a) from ab inner join lprt_a a on ab.a = a.a + 0 where a.a in(0, 0, 1)');
+
+insert into lprt_a values(3),(3);
+
+select explain_parallel_append('select avg(ab.a) from ab inner join lprt_a a on ab.a = a.a where a.a in(1, 0, 3)');
+select explain_parallel_append('select avg(ab.a) from ab inner join lprt_a a on ab.a = a.a where a.a in(1, 0, 0)');
+
+delete from lprt_a where a = 1;
+
+select explain_parallel_append('select avg(ab.a) from ab inner join lprt_a a on ab.a = a.a where a.a in(1, 0, 0)');
+
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_mergejoin;
+reset enable_memoize;
+reset parallel_setup_cost;
+reset parallel_tuple_cost;
+reset min_parallel_table_scan_size;
+reset max_parallel_workers_per_gather;
+
+-- Test run-time partition pruning with an initplan
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from ab where a = (select max(a) from lprt_a) and b = (select max(a)-1 from lprt_a);
+
+-- Test run-time partition pruning with UNION ALL parents
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from (select * from ab where a = 1 union all select * from ab) ab where b = (select 1);
+
+-- A case containing a UNION ALL with a non-partitioned child.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from (select * from ab where a = 1 union all (values(10,5)) union all select * from ab) ab where b = (select 1);
+
+-- Another UNION ALL test, but containing a mix of exec init and exec run-time pruning.
+create table xy_1 (x int, y int);
+insert into xy_1 values(100,-10);
+
+set enable_bitmapscan = 0;
+set enable_indexscan = 0;
+
+prepare ab_q6 as
+select * from (
+	select tableoid::regclass,a,b from ab
+union all
+	select tableoid::regclass,x,y from xy_1
+union all
+	select tableoid::regclass,a,b from ab
+) ab where a = $1 and b = (select -10);
+
+-- Ensure the xy_1 subplan is not pruned.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute ab_q6(1);
+
+-- Ensure we see just the xy_1 row.
+execute ab_q6(100);
+
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+
+deallocate ab_q1;
+deallocate ab_q2;
+deallocate ab_q3;
+deallocate ab_q4;
+deallocate ab_q5;
+deallocate ab_q6;
+
+-- UPDATE on a partition subtree has been seen to have problems.
+insert into ab values (1,2);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+update ab_a1 set b = 3 from ab where ab.a = 1 and ab.a = ab_a1.a;
+table ab;
+
+-- Test UPDATE where source relation has run-time pruning enabled
+truncate ab;
+insert into ab values (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+update ab_a1 set b = 3 from ab_a2 where ab_a2.b = (select 1);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from ab;
+
+drop table ab, lprt_a;
+
+-- Join
+create table tbl1(col1 int);
+insert into tbl1 values (501), (505);
+
+-- Basic table
+create table tprt (col1 int) partition by range (col1);
+create table tprt_1 partition of tprt for values from (1) to (501);
+create table tprt_2 partition of tprt for values from (501) to (1001);
+create table tprt_3 partition of tprt for values from (1001) to (2001);
+create table tprt_4 partition of tprt for values from (2001) to (3001);
+create table tprt_5 partition of tprt for values from (3001) to (4001);
+create table tprt_6 partition of tprt for values from (4001) to (5001);
+
+create index tprt1_idx on tprt_1 (col1);
+create index tprt2_idx on tprt_2 (col1);
+create index tprt3_idx on tprt_3 (col1);
+create index tprt4_idx on tprt_4 (col1);
+create index tprt5_idx on tprt_5 (col1);
+create index tprt6_idx on tprt_6 (col1);
+
+insert into tprt values (10), (20), (501), (502), (505), (1001), (4500);
+
+set enable_hashjoin = off;
+set enable_mergejoin = off;
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 join tprt on tbl1.col1 > tprt.col1;
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1;
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 > tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+
+-- Multiple partitions
+insert into tbl1 values (1001), (1010), (1011);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 > tprt.col1;
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1;
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 > tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+
+-- Last partition
+delete from tbl1;
+insert into tbl1 values (4400);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 join tprt on tbl1.col1 < tprt.col1;
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 < tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+
+-- No matching partition
+delete from tbl1;
+insert into tbl1 values (10000);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from tbl1 join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1;
+
+select tbl1.col1, tprt.col1 from tbl1
+inner join tprt on tbl1.col1 = tprt.col1
+order by tbl1.col1, tprt.col1;
+
+drop table tbl1, tprt;
+
+-- Test with columns defined in varying orders between each level
+create table part_abc (a int not null, b int not null, c int not null) partition by list (a);
+create table part_bac (b int not null, a int not null, c int not null) partition by list (b);
+create table part_cab (c int not null, a int not null, b int not null) partition by list (c);
+create table part_abc_p1 (a int not null, b int not null, c int not null);
+
+alter table part_abc attach partition part_bac for values in(1);
+alter table part_bac attach partition part_cab for values in(2);
+alter table part_cab attach partition part_abc_p1 for values in(3);
+
+prepare part_abc_q1 (int, int, int) as
+select * from part_abc where a = $1 and b = $2 and c = $3;
+
+-- Single partition should be scanned.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute part_abc_q1 (1, 2, 3);
+
+deallocate part_abc_q1;
+
+drop table part_abc;
+
+-- Ensure that an Append node properly handles a sub-partitioned table
+-- matching without any of its leaf partitions matching the clause.
+create table listp (a int, b int) partition by list (a);
+create table listp_1 partition of listp for values in(1) partition by list (b);
+create table listp_1_1 partition of listp_1 for values in(1);
+create table listp_2 partition of listp for values in(2) partition by list (b);
+create table listp_2_1 partition of listp_2 for values in(2);
+select * from listp where b = 1;
+
+-- Ensure that an Append node properly can handle selection of all first level
+-- partitions before finally detecting the correct set of 2nd level partitions
+-- which match the given parameter.
+prepare q1 (int,int) as select * from listp where b in ($1,$2);
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)  execute q1 (1,1);
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)  execute q1 (2,2);
+
+-- Try with no matching partitions.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)  execute q1 (0,0);
+
+deallocate q1;
+
+-- Test more complex cases where a not-equal condition further eliminates partitions.
+prepare q1 (int,int,int,int) as select * from listp where b in($1,$2) and $3 <> b and $4 <> b;
+
+-- Both partitions allowed by IN clause, but one disallowed by <> clause
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)  execute q1 (1,2,2,0);
+
+-- Both partitions allowed by IN clause, then both excluded again by <> clauses.
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)  execute q1 (1,2,2,1);
+
+-- Ensure Params that evaluate to NULL properly prune away all partitions
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from listp where a = (select null::int);
+
+drop table listp;
+
+--
+-- check that stable query clauses are only used in run-time pruning
+--
+create table stable_qual_pruning (a timestamp) partition by range (a);
+create table stable_qual_pruning1 partition of stable_qual_pruning
+  for values from ('2000-01-01') to ('2000-02-01');
+create table stable_qual_pruning2 partition of stable_qual_pruning
+  for values from ('2000-02-01') to ('2000-03-01');
+create table stable_qual_pruning3 partition of stable_qual_pruning
+  for values from ('3000-02-01') to ('3000-03-01');
+
+-- comparison against a stable value requires run-time pruning
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning where a < localtimestamp;
+
+-- timestamp < timestamptz comparison is only stable, not immutable
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning where a < '2000-02-01'::timestamptz;
+
+-- check ScalarArrayOp cases
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(array['2010-02-01', '2020-01-01']::timestamp[]);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(array['2000-02-01', '2010-01-01']::timestamp[]);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(array['2000-02-01', localtimestamp]::timestamp[]);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(array['2010-02-01', '2020-01-01']::timestamptz[]);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(array['2000-02-01', '2010-01-01']::timestamptz[]);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from stable_qual_pruning
+  where a = any(null::timestamptz[]);
+
+drop table stable_qual_pruning;
+
+--
+-- Check that pruning with composite range partitioning works correctly when
+-- it must ignore clauses for trailing keys once it has seen a clause with
+-- non-inclusive operator for an earlier key
+--
+create table mc3p (a int, b int, c int) partition by range (a, abs(b), c);
+create table mc3p0 partition of mc3p
+  for values from (0, 0, 0) to (0, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+create table mc3p1 partition of mc3p
+  for values from (1, 1, 1) to (2, minvalue, minvalue);
+create table mc3p2 partition of mc3p
+  for values from (2, minvalue, minvalue) to (3, maxvalue, maxvalue);
+insert into mc3p values (0, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (2, 1, 1);
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from mc3p where a < 3 and abs(b) = 1;
+
+--
+-- Check that pruning with composite range partitioning works correctly when
+-- a combination of runtime parameters is specified, not all of whose values
+-- are available at the same time
+--
+prepare ps1 as
+  select * from mc3p where a = $1 and abs(b) < (select 3);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+execute ps1(1);
+deallocate ps1;
+prepare ps2 as
+  select * from mc3p where a <= $1 and abs(b) < (select 3);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+execute ps2(1);
+deallocate ps2;
+
+drop table mc3p;
+
+-- Ensure runtime pruning works with initplans params with boolean types
+create table boolvalues (value bool not null);
+insert into boolvalues values('t'),('f');
+
+create table boolp (a bool) partition by list (a);
+create table boolp_t partition of boolp for values in('t');
+create table boolp_f partition of boolp for values in('f');
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from boolp where a = (select value from boolvalues where value);
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from boolp where a = (select value from boolvalues where not value);
+
+drop table boolp;
+
+--
+-- Test run-time pruning of MergeAppend subnodes
+--
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+set enable_sort = off;
+create table ma_test (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table ma_test_p1 partition of ma_test for values from (0) to (10);
+create table ma_test_p2 partition of ma_test for values from (10) to (20);
+create table ma_test_p3 partition of ma_test for values from (20) to (30);
+insert into ma_test select x,x from generate_series(0,29) t(x);
+create index on ma_test (b);
+
+analyze ma_test;
+prepare mt_q1 (int) as select a from ma_test where a >= $1 and a % 10 = 5 order by b;
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute mt_q1(15);
+execute mt_q1(15);
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute mt_q1(25);
+execute mt_q1(25);
+-- Ensure MergeAppend behaves correctly when no subplans match
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute mt_q1(35);
+execute mt_q1(35);
+
+deallocate mt_q1;
+
+prepare mt_q2 (int) as select * from ma_test where a >= $1 order by b limit 1;
+
+-- Ensure output list looks sane when the MergeAppend has no subplans.
+explain (analyze, verbose, costs off, summary off, timing off) execute mt_q2 (35);
+
+deallocate mt_q2;
+
+-- ensure initplan params properly prune partitions
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off) select * from ma_test where a >= (select min(b) from ma_test_p2) order by b;
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_sort;
+
+drop table ma_test;
+
+reset enable_indexonlyscan;
+
+--
+-- check that pruning works properly when the partition key is of a
+-- pseudotype
+--
+
+-- array type list partition key
+create table pp_arrpart (a int[]) partition by list (a);
+create table pp_arrpart1 partition of pp_arrpart for values in ('{1}');
+create table pp_arrpart2 partition of pp_arrpart for values in ('{2, 3}', '{4, 5}');
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_arrpart where a = '{1}';
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_arrpart where a = '{1, 2}';
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_arrpart where a in ('{4, 5}', '{1}');
+explain (costs off) update pp_arrpart set a = a where a = '{1}';
+explain (costs off) delete from pp_arrpart where a = '{1}';
+drop table pp_arrpart;
+
+-- array type hash partition key
+create table pph_arrpart (a int[]) partition by hash (a);
+create table pph_arrpart1 partition of pph_arrpart for values with (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+create table pph_arrpart2 partition of pph_arrpart for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+insert into pph_arrpart values ('{1}'), ('{1, 2}'), ('{4, 5}');
+select tableoid::regclass, * from pph_arrpart order by 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from pph_arrpart where a = '{1}';
+explain (costs off) select * from pph_arrpart where a = '{1, 2}';
+explain (costs off) select * from pph_arrpart where a in ('{4, 5}', '{1}');
+drop table pph_arrpart;
+
+-- enum type list partition key
+create type pp_colors as enum ('green', 'blue', 'black');
+create table pp_enumpart (a pp_colors) partition by list (a);
+create table pp_enumpart_green partition of pp_enumpart for values in ('green');
+create table pp_enumpart_blue partition of pp_enumpart for values in ('blue');
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_enumpart where a = 'blue';
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_enumpart where a = 'black';
+drop table pp_enumpart;
+drop type pp_colors;
+
+-- record type as partition key
+create type pp_rectype as (a int, b int);
+create table pp_recpart (a pp_rectype) partition by list (a);
+create table pp_recpart_11 partition of pp_recpart for values in ('(1,1)');
+create table pp_recpart_23 partition of pp_recpart for values in ('(2,3)');
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_recpart where a = '(1,1)'::pp_rectype;
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_recpart where a = '(1,2)'::pp_rectype;
+drop table pp_recpart;
+drop type pp_rectype;
+
+-- range type partition key
+create table pp_intrangepart (a int4range) partition by list (a);
+create table pp_intrangepart12 partition of pp_intrangepart for values in ('[1,2]');
+create table pp_intrangepart2inf partition of pp_intrangepart for values in ('[2,)');
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_intrangepart where a = '[1,2]'::int4range;
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_intrangepart where a = '(1,2)'::int4range;
+drop table pp_intrangepart;
+
+--
+-- Ensure the enable_partition_prune GUC properly disables partition pruning.
+--
+
+create table pp_lp (a int, value int) partition by list (a);
+create table pp_lp1 partition of pp_lp for values in(1);
+create table pp_lp2 partition of pp_lp for values in(2);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_lp where a = 1;
+explain (costs off) update pp_lp set value = 10 where a = 1;
+explain (costs off) delete from pp_lp where a = 1;
+
+set enable_partition_pruning = off;
+
+set constraint_exclusion = 'partition'; -- this should not affect the result.
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_lp where a = 1;
+explain (costs off) update pp_lp set value = 10 where a = 1;
+explain (costs off) delete from pp_lp where a = 1;
+
+set constraint_exclusion = 'off'; -- this should not affect the result.
+
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_lp where a = 1;
+explain (costs off) update pp_lp set value = 10 where a = 1;
+explain (costs off) delete from pp_lp where a = 1;
+
+drop table pp_lp;
+
+-- Ensure enable_partition_prune does not affect non-partitioned tables.
+
+create table inh_lp (a int, value int);
+create table inh_lp1 (a int, value int, check(a = 1)) inherits (inh_lp);
+create table inh_lp2 (a int, value int, check(a = 2)) inherits (inh_lp);
+
+set constraint_exclusion = 'partition';
+
+-- inh_lp2 should be removed in the following 3 cases.
+explain (costs off) select * from inh_lp where a = 1;
+explain (costs off) update inh_lp set value = 10 where a = 1;
+explain (costs off) delete from inh_lp where a = 1;
+
+-- Ensure we don't exclude normal relations when we only expect to exclude
+-- inheritance children
+explain (costs off) update inh_lp1 set value = 10 where a = 2;
+
+drop table inh_lp cascade;
+
+reset enable_partition_pruning;
+reset constraint_exclusion;
+
+-- Check pruning for a partition tree containing only temporary relations
+create temp table pp_temp_parent (a int) partition by list (a);
+create temp table pp_temp_part_1 partition of pp_temp_parent for values in (1);
+create temp table pp_temp_part_def partition of pp_temp_parent default;
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_temp_parent where true;
+explain (costs off) select * from pp_temp_parent where a = 2;
+drop table pp_temp_parent;
+
+-- Stress run-time partition pruning a bit more, per bug reports
+create temp table p (a int, b int, c int) partition by list (a);
+create temp table p1 partition of p for values in (1);
+create temp table p2 partition of p for values in (2);
+create temp table q (a int, b int, c int) partition by list (a);
+create temp table q1 partition of q for values in (1) partition by list (b);
+create temp table q11 partition of q1 for values in (1) partition by list (c);
+create temp table q111 partition of q11 for values in (1);
+create temp table q2 partition of q for values in (2) partition by list (b);
+create temp table q21 partition of q2 for values in (1);
+create temp table q22 partition of q2 for values in (2);
+
+insert into q22 values (2, 2, 3);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select *
+from (
+      select * from p
+      union all
+      select * from q1
+      union all
+      select 1, 1, 1
+     ) s(a, b, c)
+where s.a = 1 and s.b = 1 and s.c = (select 1);
+
+select *
+from (
+      select * from p
+      union all
+      select * from q1
+      union all
+      select 1, 1, 1
+     ) s(a, b, c)
+where s.a = 1 and s.b = 1 and s.c = (select 1);
+
+prepare q (int, int) as
+select *
+from (
+      select * from p
+      union all
+      select * from q1
+      union all
+      select 1, 1, 1
+     ) s(a, b, c)
+where s.a = $1 and s.b = $2 and s.c = (select 1);
+
+explain (costs off) execute q (1, 1);
+execute q (1, 1);
+
+drop table p, q;
+
+-- Ensure run-time pruning works correctly when we match a partitioned table
+-- on the first level but find no matching partitions on the second level.
+create table listp (a int, b int) partition by list (a);
+create table listp1 partition of listp for values in(1);
+create table listp2 partition of listp for values in(2) partition by list(b);
+create table listp2_10 partition of listp2 for values in (10);
+
+explain (analyze, costs off, summary off, timing off)
+select * from listp where a = (select 2) and b <> 10;
+
+--
+-- check that a partition directly accessed in a query is excluded with
+-- constraint_exclusion = on
+--
+
+-- turn off partition pruning, so that it doesn't interfere
+set enable_partition_pruning to off;
+
+-- setting constraint_exclusion to 'partition' disables exclusion
+set constraint_exclusion to 'partition';
+explain (costs off) select * from listp1 where a = 2;
+explain (costs off) update listp1 set a = 1 where a = 2;
+-- constraint exclusion enabled
+set constraint_exclusion to 'on';
+explain (costs off) select * from listp1 where a = 2;
+explain (costs off) update listp1 set a = 1 where a = 2;
+
+reset constraint_exclusion;
+reset enable_partition_pruning;
+
+drop table listp;
+
+-- Ensure run-time pruning works correctly for nested Append nodes
+set parallel_setup_cost to 0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost to 0;
+
+create table listp (a int) partition by list(a);
+create table listp_12 partition of listp for values in(1,2) partition by list(a);
+create table listp_12_1 partition of listp_12 for values in(1);
+create table listp_12_2 partition of listp_12 for values in(2);
+
+-- Force the 2nd subnode of the Append to be non-parallel.  This results in
+-- a nested Append node because the mixed parallel / non-parallel paths cannot
+-- be pulled into the top-level Append.
+alter table listp_12_1 set (parallel_workers = 0);
+
+-- Ensure that listp_12_2 is not scanned.  (The nested Append is not seen in
+-- the plan as it's pulled in setref.c due to having just a single subnode).
+select explain_parallel_append('select * from listp where a = (select 1);');
+
+-- Like the above but throw some more complexity at the planner by adding
+-- a UNION ALL.  We expect both sides of the union not to scan the
+-- non-required partitions.
+select explain_parallel_append(
+'select * from listp where a = (select 1)
+  union all
+select * from listp where a = (select 2);');
+
+drop table listp;
+reset parallel_tuple_cost;
+reset parallel_setup_cost;
+
+-- Test case for run-time pruning with a nested Merge Append
+set enable_sort to 0;
+create table rangep (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table rangep_0_to_100 partition of rangep for values from (0) to (100) partition by list (b);
+-- We need 3 sub-partitions. 1 to validate pruning worked and another two
+-- because a single remaining partition would be pulled up to the main Append.
+create table rangep_0_to_100_1 partition of rangep_0_to_100 for values in(1);
+create table rangep_0_to_100_2 partition of rangep_0_to_100 for values in(2);
+create table rangep_0_to_100_3 partition of rangep_0_to_100 for values in(3);
+create table rangep_100_to_200 partition of rangep for values from (100) to (200);
+create index on rangep (a);
+
+-- Ensure run-time pruning works on the nested Merge Append
+explain (analyze on, costs off, timing off, summary off)
+select * from rangep where b IN((select 1),(select 2)) order by a;
+reset enable_sort;
+drop table rangep;
+
+--
+-- Check that gen_prune_steps_from_opexps() works well for various cases of
+-- clauses for different partition keys
+--
+
+create table rp_prefix_test1 (a int, b varchar) partition by range(a, b);
+create table rp_prefix_test1_p1 partition of rp_prefix_test1 for values from (1, 'a') to (1, 'b');
+create table rp_prefix_test1_p2 partition of rp_prefix_test1 for values from (2, 'a') to (2, 'b');
+
+-- Don't call get_steps_using_prefix() with the last partition key b plus
+-- an empty prefix
+explain (costs off) select * from rp_prefix_test1 where a <= 1 and b = 'a';
+
+create table rp_prefix_test2 (a int, b int, c int) partition by range(a, b, c);
+create table rp_prefix_test2_p1 partition of rp_prefix_test2 for values from (1, 1, 0) to (1, 1, 10);
+create table rp_prefix_test2_p2 partition of rp_prefix_test2 for values from (2, 2, 0) to (2, 2, 10);
+
+-- Don't call get_steps_using_prefix() with the last partition key c plus
+-- an invalid prefix (ie, b = 1)
+explain (costs off) select * from rp_prefix_test2 where a <= 1 and b = 1 and c >= 0;
+
+create table rp_prefix_test3 (a int, b int, c int, d int) partition by range(a, b, c, d);
+create table rp_prefix_test3_p1 partition of rp_prefix_test3 for values from (1, 1, 1, 0) to (1, 1, 1, 10);
+create table rp_prefix_test3_p2 partition of rp_prefix_test3 for values from (2, 2, 2, 0) to (2, 2, 2, 10);
+
+-- Test that get_steps_using_prefix() handles a prefix that contains multiple
+-- clauses for the partition key b (ie, b >= 1 and b >= 2)
+explain (costs off) select * from rp_prefix_test3 where a >= 1 and b >= 1 and b >= 2 and c >= 2 and d >= 0;
+
+-- Test that get_steps_using_prefix() handles a prefix that contains multiple
+-- clauses for the partition key b (ie, b >= 1 and b = 2)  (This also tests
+-- that the caller arranges clauses in that prefix in the required order)
+explain (costs off) select * from rp_prefix_test3 where a >= 1 and b >= 1 and b = 2 and c = 2 and d >= 0;
+
+drop table rp_prefix_test1;
+drop table rp_prefix_test2;
+drop table rp_prefix_test3;
+
+--
+-- Test that get_steps_using_prefix() handles IS NULL clauses correctly
+--
+create table hp_prefix_test (a int, b int, c int, d int)
+  partition by hash (a part_test_int4_ops, b part_test_int4_ops, c part_test_int4_ops, d part_test_int4_ops);
+
+-- create 8 partitions
+select 'create table hp_prefix_test_p' || x::text || ' partition of hp_prefix_test for values with (modulus 8, remainder ' || x::text || ');'
+from generate_Series(0,7) x;
+\gexec
+
+-- insert 16 rows, one row for each test to perform.
+insert into hp_prefix_test
+select
+  case a when 0 then null else 1 end,
+  case b when 0 then null else 2 end,
+  case c when 0 then null else 3 end,
+  case d when 0 then null else 4 end
+from
+  generate_series(0,1) a,
+  generate_series(0,1) b,
+  generate_Series(0,1) c,
+  generate_Series(0,1) d;
+
+-- Ensure partition pruning works correctly for each combination of IS NULL
+-- and equality quals.  This may seem a little excessive, but there have been
+-- a number of bugs in this area over the years.  We make use of row only
+-- output to reduce the size of the expected results.
+\t on
+select
+  'explain (costs off) select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where ' ||
+  string_agg(c.colname || case when g.s & (1 << c.colpos) = 0 then ' is null' else ' = ' || (colpos+1)::text end, ' and ' order by c.colpos)
+from (values('a',0),('b',1),('c',2),('d',3)) c(colname, colpos), generate_Series(0,15) g(s)
+group by g.s
+order by g.s;
+\gexec
+
+-- And ensure we get exactly 1 row from each. Again, all 16 possible combinations.
+select
+  'select tableoid::regclass,* from hp_prefix_test where ' ||
+  string_agg(c.colname || case when g.s & (1 << c.colpos) = 0 then ' is null' else ' = ' || (colpos+1)::text end, ' and ' order by c.colpos)
+from (values('a',0),('b',1),('c',2),('d',3)) c(colname, colpos), generate_Series(0,15) g(s)
+group by g.s
+order by g.s;
+\gexec
+\t off
+
+drop table hp_prefix_test;
+
+--
+-- Check that gen_partprune_steps() detects self-contradiction from clauses
+-- regardless of the order of the clauses (Here we use a custom operator to
+-- prevent the equivclass.c machinery from reordering the clauses)
+--
+
+create operator === (
+   leftarg = int4,
+   rightarg = int4,
+   procedure = int4eq,
+   commutator = ===,
+   hashes
+);
+create operator class part_test_int4_ops2
+for type int4
+using hash as
+operator 1 ===,
+function 2 part_hashint4_noop(int4, int8);
+
+create table hp_contradict_test (a int, b int) partition by hash (a part_test_int4_ops2, b part_test_int4_ops2);
+create table hp_contradict_test_p1 partition of hp_contradict_test for values with (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+create table hp_contradict_test_p2 partition of hp_contradict_test for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+
+explain (costs off) select * from hp_contradict_test where a is null and a === 1 and b === 1;
+explain (costs off) select * from hp_contradict_test where a === 1 and b === 1 and a is null;
+
+drop table hp_contradict_test;
+drop operator class part_test_int4_ops2 using hash;
+drop operator ===(int4, int4);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/password.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/password.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98f4991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/password.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+--
+-- Tests for password types
+--
+
+-- Tests for GUC password_encryption
+SET password_encryption = 'novalue'; -- error
+SET password_encryption = true; -- error
+SET password_encryption = 'md5'; -- ok
+SET password_encryption = 'scram-sha-256'; -- ok
+
+-- consistency of password entries
+SET password_encryption = 'md5';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd1 PASSWORD 'role_pwd1';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd2 PASSWORD 'role_pwd2';
+SET password_encryption = 'scram-sha-256';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd3 PASSWORD 'role_pwd3';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd4 PASSWORD NULL;
+
+-- check list of created entries
+--
+-- The scram secret will look something like:
+-- SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:E4HxLGtnRzsYwg==$6YtlR4t69SguDiwFvbVgVZtuz6gpJQQqUMZ7IQJK5yI=:ps75jrHeYU4lXCcXI4O8oIdJ3eO8o2jirjruw9phBTo=
+--
+-- Since the salt is random, the exact value stored will be different on every test
+-- run. Use a regular expression to mask the changing parts.
+SELECT rolname, regexp_replace(rolpassword, '(SCRAM-SHA-256)\$(\d+):([a-zA-Z0-9+/=]+)\$([a-zA-Z0-9+=/]+):([a-zA-Z0-9+/=]+)', '\1$\2:<salt>$<storedkey>:<serverkey>') as rolpassword_masked
+    FROM pg_authid
+    WHERE rolname LIKE 'regress_passwd%'
+    ORDER BY rolname, rolpassword;
+
+-- Rename a role
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd2 RENAME TO regress_passwd2_new;
+-- md5 entry should have been removed
+SELECT rolname, rolpassword
+    FROM pg_authid
+    WHERE rolname LIKE 'regress_passwd2_new'
+    ORDER BY rolname, rolpassword;
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd2_new RENAME TO regress_passwd2;
+
+-- Change passwords with ALTER USER. With plaintext or already-encrypted
+-- passwords.
+SET password_encryption = 'md5';
+
+-- encrypt with MD5
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd2 PASSWORD 'foo';
+-- already encrypted, use as they are
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd1 PASSWORD 'md5cd3578025fe2c3d7ed1b9a9b26238b70';
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd3 PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:VLK4RMaQLCvNtQ==$6YtlR4t69SguDiwFvbVgVZtuz6gpJQQqUMZ7IQJK5yI=:ps75jrHeYU4lXCcXI4O8oIdJ3eO8o2jirjruw9phBTo=';
+
+SET password_encryption = 'scram-sha-256';
+-- create SCRAM secret
+ALTER ROLE  regress_passwd4 PASSWORD 'foo';
+-- already encrypted with MD5, use as it is
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd5 PASSWORD 'md5e73a4b11df52a6068f8b39f90be36023';
+
+-- This looks like a valid SCRAM-SHA-256 secret, but it is not
+-- so it should be hashed with SCRAM-SHA-256.
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd6 PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$1234';
+-- These may look like valid MD5 secrets, but they are not, so they
+-- should be hashed with SCRAM-SHA-256.
+-- trailing garbage at the end
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd7 PASSWORD 'md5012345678901234567890123456789zz';
+-- invalid length
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd8 PASSWORD 'md501234567890123456789012345678901zz';
+
+SELECT rolname, regexp_replace(rolpassword, '(SCRAM-SHA-256)\$(\d+):([a-zA-Z0-9+/=]+)\$([a-zA-Z0-9+=/]+):([a-zA-Z0-9+/=]+)', '\1$\2:<salt>$<storedkey>:<serverkey>') as rolpassword_masked
+    FROM pg_authid
+    WHERE rolname LIKE 'regress_passwd%'
+    ORDER BY rolname, rolpassword;
+
+-- An empty password is not allowed, in any form
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd_empty PASSWORD '';
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd_empty PASSWORD 'md585939a5ce845f1a1b620742e3c659e0a';
+ALTER ROLE regress_passwd_empty PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:hpFyHTUsSWcR7O9P$LgZFIt6Oqdo27ZFKbZ2nV+vtnYM995pDh9ca6WSi120=:qVV5NeluNfUPkwm7Vqat25RjSPLkGeoZBQs6wVv+um4=';
+SELECT rolpassword FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname='regress_passwd_empty';
+
+-- Test with invalid stored and server keys.
+--
+-- The first is valid, to act as a control. The others have too long
+-- stored/server keys. They will be re-hashed.
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len0 PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:A6xHKoH/494E941doaPOYg==$Ky+A30sewHIH3VHQLRN9vYsuzlgNyGNKCh37dy96Rqw=:COPdlNiIkrsacU5QoxydEuOH6e/KfiipeETb/bPw8ZI=';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len1 PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:A6xHKoH/494E941doaPOYg==$Ky+A30sewHIH3VHQLRN9vYsuzlgNyGNKCh37dy96RqwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=:COPdlNiIkrsacU5QoxydEuOH6e/KfiipeETb/bPw8ZI=';
+CREATE ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len2 PASSWORD 'SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:A6xHKoH/494E941doaPOYg==$Ky+A30sewHIH3VHQLRN9vYsuzlgNyGNKCh37dy96Rqw=:COPdlNiIkrsacU5QoxydEuOH6e/KfiipeETb/bPw8ZIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=';
+
+-- Check that the invalid secrets were re-hashed. A re-hashed secret
+-- should not contain the original salt.
+SELECT rolname, rolpassword not like '%A6xHKoH/494E941doaPOYg==%' as is_rolpassword_rehashed
+    FROM pg_authid
+    WHERE rolname LIKE 'regress_passwd_sha_len%'
+    ORDER BY rolname;
+
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd1;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd2;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd3;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd4;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd5;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd6;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd7;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd8;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd_empty;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len0;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len1;
+DROP ROLE regress_passwd_sha_len2;
+
+-- all entries should have been removed
+SELECT rolname, rolpassword
+    FROM pg_authid
+    WHERE rolname LIKE 'regress_passwd%'
+    ORDER BY rolname, rolpassword;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/path.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/path.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89f1aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/path.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+--
+-- PATH
+--
+
+--DROP TABLE PATH_TBL;
+
+CREATE TABLE PATH_TBL (f1 path);
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)]');
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES (' ( ( 1 , 2 ) , ( 3 , 4 ) ) ');
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[ (0,0),(3,0),(4,5),(1,6) ]');
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('((1,2) ,(3,4 ))');
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('1,2 ,3,4 ');
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES (' [1,2,3, 4] ');
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('((10,20))');	-- Only one point
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[ 11,12,13,14 ]');
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('( 11,12,13,14) ');
+
+-- bad values for parser testing
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[]');
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[(,2),(3,4)]');
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('[(1,2),(3,4)');
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('(1,2,3,4');
+
+INSERT INTO PATH_TBL VALUES ('(1,2),(3,4)]');
+
+SELECT f1 AS open_path FROM PATH_TBL WHERE isopen(f1);
+
+SELECT f1 AS closed_path FROM PATH_TBL WHERE isclosed(f1);
+
+SELECT pclose(f1) AS closed_path FROM PATH_TBL;
+
+SELECT popen(f1) AS open_path FROM PATH_TBL;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/pg_lsn.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/pg_lsn.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..615368b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/pg_lsn.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+--
+-- PG_LSN
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE PG_LSN_TBL (f1 pg_lsn);
+
+-- Largest and smallest input
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('0/0');
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF');
+
+-- Incorrect input
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('G/0');
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('-1/0');
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES (' 0/12345678');
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('ABCD/');
+INSERT INTO PG_LSN_TBL VALUES ('/ABCD');
+
+-- Min/Max aggregation
+SELECT MIN(f1), MAX(f1) FROM PG_LSN_TBL;
+
+DROP TABLE PG_LSN_TBL;
+
+-- Operators
+SELECT '0/16AE7F8' = '0/16AE7F8'::pg_lsn;
+SELECT '0/16AE7F8'::pg_lsn != '0/16AE7F7';
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7' < '0/16AE7F8'::pg_lsn;
+SELECT '0/16AE7F8' > pg_lsn '0/16AE7F7';
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn - '0/16AE7F8'::pg_lsn;
+SELECT '0/16AE7F8'::pg_lsn - '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn;
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn + 16::numeric;
+SELECT 16::numeric + '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn;
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn - 16::numeric;
+SELECT 'FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFE'::pg_lsn + 1::numeric;
+SELECT 'FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFE'::pg_lsn + 2::numeric; -- out of range error
+SELECT '0/1'::pg_lsn - 1::numeric;
+SELECT '0/1'::pg_lsn - 2::numeric; -- out of range error
+SELECT '0/0'::pg_lsn + ('FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF'::pg_lsn - '0/0'::pg_lsn);
+SELECT 'FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF'::pg_lsn - ('FFFFFFFF/FFFFFFFF'::pg_lsn - '0/0'::pg_lsn);
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn + 'NaN'::numeric;
+SELECT '0/16AE7F7'::pg_lsn - 'NaN'::numeric;
+
+-- Check btree and hash opclasses
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT DISTINCT (i || '/' || j)::pg_lsn f
+  FROM generate_series(1, 10) i,
+       generate_series(1, 10) j,
+       generate_series(1, 5) k
+  WHERE i <= 10 AND j > 0 AND j <= 10
+  ORDER BY f;
+
+SELECT DISTINCT (i || '/' || j)::pg_lsn f
+  FROM generate_series(1, 10) i,
+       generate_series(1, 10) j,
+       generate_series(1, 5) k
+  WHERE i <= 10 AND j > 0 AND j <= 10
+  ORDER BY f;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/plancache.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/plancache.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b2f11d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/plancache.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+--
+-- Tests to exercise the plan caching/invalidation mechanism
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE pcachetest AS SELECT * FROM int8_tbl;
+
+-- create and use a cached plan
+PREPARE prepstmt AS SELECT * FROM pcachetest;
+
+EXECUTE prepstmt;
+
+-- and one with parameters
+PREPARE prepstmt2(bigint) AS SELECT * FROM pcachetest WHERE q1 = $1;
+
+EXECUTE prepstmt2(123);
+
+-- invalidate the plans and see what happens
+DROP TABLE pcachetest;
+
+EXECUTE prepstmt;
+EXECUTE prepstmt2(123);
+
+-- recreate the temp table (this demonstrates that the raw plan is
+-- purely textual and doesn't depend on OIDs, for instance)
+CREATE TEMP TABLE pcachetest AS SELECT * FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 2;
+
+EXECUTE prepstmt;
+EXECUTE prepstmt2(123);
+
+-- prepared statements should prevent change in output tupdesc,
+-- since clients probably aren't expecting that to change on the fly
+ALTER TABLE pcachetest ADD COLUMN q3 bigint;
+
+EXECUTE prepstmt;
+EXECUTE prepstmt2(123);
+
+-- but we're nice guys and will let you undo your mistake
+ALTER TABLE pcachetest DROP COLUMN q3;
+
+EXECUTE prepstmt;
+EXECUTE prepstmt2(123);
+
+-- Try it with a view, which isn't directly used in the resulting plan
+-- but should trigger invalidation anyway
+CREATE TEMP VIEW pcacheview AS
+  SELECT * FROM pcachetest;
+
+PREPARE vprep AS SELECT * FROM pcacheview;
+
+EXECUTE vprep;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW pcacheview AS
+  SELECT q1, q2/2 AS q2 FROM pcachetest;
+
+EXECUTE vprep;
+
+-- Check basic SPI plan invalidation
+
+create function cache_test(int) returns int as $$
+declare total int;
+begin
+	create temp table t1(f1 int);
+	insert into t1 values($1);
+	insert into t1 values(11);
+	insert into t1 values(12);
+	insert into t1 values(13);
+	select sum(f1) into total from t1;
+	drop table t1;
+	return total;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select cache_test(1);
+select cache_test(2);
+select cache_test(3);
+
+-- Check invalidation of plpgsql "simple expression"
+
+create temp view v1 as
+  select 2+2 as f1;
+
+create function cache_test_2() returns int as $$
+begin
+	return f1 from v1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select cache_test_2();
+
+create or replace temp view v1 as
+  select 2+2+4 as f1;
+select cache_test_2();
+
+create or replace temp view v1 as
+  select 2+2+4+(select max(unique1) from tenk1) as f1;
+select cache_test_2();
+
+--- Check that change of search_path is honored when re-using cached plan
+
+create schema s1
+  create table abc (f1 int);
+
+create schema s2
+  create table abc (f1 int);
+
+insert into s1.abc values(123);
+insert into s2.abc values(456);
+
+set search_path = s1;
+
+prepare p1 as select f1 from abc;
+
+execute p1;
+
+set search_path = s2;
+
+select f1 from abc;
+
+execute p1;
+
+alter table s1.abc add column f2 float8;   -- force replan
+
+execute p1;
+
+drop schema s1 cascade;
+drop schema s2 cascade;
+
+reset search_path;
+
+-- Check that invalidation deals with regclass constants
+
+create temp sequence seq;
+
+prepare p2 as select nextval('seq');
+
+execute p2;
+
+drop sequence seq;
+
+create temp sequence seq;
+
+execute p2;
+
+-- Check DDL via SPI, immediately followed by SPI plan re-use
+-- (bug in original coding)
+
+create function cachebug() returns void as $$
+declare r int;
+begin
+  drop table if exists temptable cascade;
+  create temp table temptable as select * from generate_series(1,3) as f1;
+  create temp view vv as select * from temptable;
+  for r in select * from vv loop
+    raise notice '%', r;
+  end loop;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select cachebug();
+select cachebug();
+
+-- Check that addition or removal of any partition is correctly dealt with by
+-- default partition table when it is being used in prepared statement.
+create table pc_list_parted (a int) partition by list(a);
+create table pc_list_part_null partition of pc_list_parted for values in (null);
+create table pc_list_part_1 partition of pc_list_parted for values in (1);
+create table pc_list_part_def partition of pc_list_parted default;
+prepare pstmt_def_insert (int) as insert into pc_list_part_def values($1);
+-- should fail
+execute pstmt_def_insert(null);
+execute pstmt_def_insert(1);
+create table pc_list_part_2 partition of pc_list_parted for values in (2);
+execute pstmt_def_insert(2);
+alter table pc_list_parted detach partition pc_list_part_null;
+-- should be ok
+execute pstmt_def_insert(null);
+drop table pc_list_part_1;
+-- should be ok
+execute pstmt_def_insert(1);
+drop table pc_list_parted, pc_list_part_null;
+deallocate pstmt_def_insert;
+
+-- Test plan_cache_mode
+
+create table test_mode (a int);
+insert into test_mode select 1 from generate_series(1,1000) union all select 2;
+create index on test_mode (a);
+analyze test_mode;
+
+prepare test_mode_pp (int) as select count(*) from test_mode where a = $1;
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+
+-- up to 5 executions, custom plan is used
+set plan_cache_mode to auto;
+explain (costs off) execute test_mode_pp(2);
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+
+-- force generic plan
+set plan_cache_mode to force_generic_plan;
+explain (costs off) execute test_mode_pp(2);
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+
+-- get to generic plan by 5 executions
+set plan_cache_mode to auto;
+execute test_mode_pp(1); -- 1x
+execute test_mode_pp(1); -- 2x
+execute test_mode_pp(1); -- 3x
+execute test_mode_pp(1); -- 4x
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+execute test_mode_pp(1); -- 5x
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+
+-- we should now get a really bad plan
+explain (costs off) execute test_mode_pp(2);
+
+-- but we can force a custom plan
+set plan_cache_mode to force_custom_plan;
+explain (costs off) execute test_mode_pp(2);
+select name, generic_plans, custom_plans from pg_prepared_statements
+  where  name = 'test_mode_pp';
+
+drop table test_mode;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/plpgsql.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/plpgsql.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..588c331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/plpgsql.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,4713 @@
+--
+-- PLPGSQL
+--
+-- Scenario:
+--
+--     A building with a modern TP cable installation where any
+--     of the wall connectors can be used to plug in phones,
+--     ethernet interfaces or local office hubs. The backside
+--     of the wall connectors is wired to one of several patch-
+--     fields in the building.
+--
+--     In the patchfields, there are hubs and all the slots
+--     representing the wall connectors. In addition there are
+--     slots that can represent a phone line from the central
+--     phone system.
+--
+--     Triggers ensure consistency of the patching information.
+--
+--     Functions are used to build up powerful views that let
+--     you look behind the wall when looking at a patchfield
+--     or into a room.
+--
+
+
+create table Room (
+    roomno	char(8),
+    comment	text
+);
+
+create unique index Room_rno on Room using btree (roomno bpchar_ops);
+
+
+create table WSlot (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    roomno	char(8),
+    slotlink	char(20),
+    backlink	char(20)
+);
+
+create unique index WSlot_name on WSlot using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+
+
+create table PField (
+    name	text,
+    comment	text
+);
+
+create unique index PField_name on PField using btree (name text_ops);
+
+
+create table PSlot (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    pfname	text,
+    slotlink	char(20),
+    backlink	char(20)
+);
+
+create unique index PSlot_name on PSlot using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+
+
+create table PLine (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    phonenumber	char(20),
+    comment	text,
+    backlink	char(20)
+);
+
+create unique index PLine_name on PLine using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+
+
+create table Hub (
+    name	char(14),
+    comment	text,
+    nslots	integer
+);
+
+create unique index Hub_name on Hub using btree (name bpchar_ops);
+
+
+create table HSlot (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    hubname	char(14),
+    slotno	integer,
+    slotlink	char(20)
+);
+
+create unique index HSlot_name on HSlot using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+create index HSlot_hubname on HSlot using btree (hubname bpchar_ops);
+
+
+create table System (
+    name	text,
+    comment	text
+);
+
+create unique index System_name on System using btree (name text_ops);
+
+
+create table IFace (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    sysname	text,
+    ifname	text,
+    slotlink	char(20)
+);
+
+create unique index IFace_name on IFace using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+
+
+create table PHone (
+    slotname	char(20),
+    comment	text,
+    slotlink	char(20)
+);
+
+create unique index PHone_name on PHone using btree (slotname bpchar_ops);
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- *
+-- * Trigger procedures and functions for the patchfield
+-- * test of PL/pgSQL
+-- *
+-- ************************************************************
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER UPDATE on Room
+-- *	- If room no changes let wall slots follow
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_room_au() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.roomno != old.roomno then
+        update WSlot set roomno = new.roomno where roomno = old.roomno;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_room_au after update
+    on Room for each row execute procedure tg_room_au();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER DELETE on Room
+-- *	- delete wall slots in this room
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_room_ad() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    delete from WSlot where roomno = old.roomno;
+    return old;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_room_ad after delete
+    on Room for each row execute procedure tg_room_ad();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on WSlot
+-- *	- Check that room exists
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_wslot_biu() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+    if count(*) = 0 from Room where roomno = new.roomno then
+        raise exception 'Room % does not exist', new.roomno;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_wslot_biu before insert or update
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_wslot_biu();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER UPDATE on PField
+-- *	- Let PSlots of this field follow
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_pfield_au() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.name != old.name then
+        update PSlot set pfname = new.name where pfname = old.name;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_pfield_au after update
+    on PField for each row execute procedure tg_pfield_au();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER DELETE on PField
+-- *	- Remove all slots of this patchfield
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_pfield_ad() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    delete from PSlot where pfname = old.name;
+    return old;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_pfield_ad after delete
+    on PField for each row execute procedure tg_pfield_ad();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on PSlot
+-- *	- Ensure that our patchfield does exist
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_pslot_biu() returns trigger as $proc$
+declare
+    pfrec	record;
+    ps          alias for new;
+begin
+    select into pfrec * from PField where name = ps.pfname;
+    if not found then
+        raise exception $$Patchfield "%" does not exist$$, ps.pfname;
+    end if;
+    return ps;
+end;
+$proc$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_pslot_biu before insert or update
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_pslot_biu();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER UPDATE on System
+-- *	- If system name changes let interfaces follow
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_system_au() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.name != old.name then
+        update IFace set sysname = new.name where sysname = old.name;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_system_au after update
+    on System for each row execute procedure tg_system_au();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on IFace
+-- *	- set the slotname to IF.sysname.ifname
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_iface_biu() returns trigger as $$
+declare
+    sname	text;
+    sysrec	record;
+begin
+    select into sysrec * from system where name = new.sysname;
+    if not found then
+        raise exception $q$system "%" does not exist$q$, new.sysname;
+    end if;
+    sname := 'IF.' || new.sysname;
+    sname := sname || '.';
+    sname := sname || new.ifname;
+    if length(sname) > 20 then
+        raise exception 'IFace slotname "%" too long (20 char max)', sname;
+    end if;
+    new.slotname := sname;
+    return new;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_iface_biu before insert or update
+    on IFace for each row execute procedure tg_iface_biu();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE on Hub
+-- *	- insert/delete/rename slots as required
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_hub_a() returns trigger as '
+declare
+    hname	text;
+    dummy	integer;
+begin
+    if tg_op = ''INSERT'' then
+	dummy := tg_hub_adjustslots(new.name, 0, new.nslots);
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''UPDATE'' then
+	if new.name != old.name then
+	    update HSlot set hubname = new.name where hubname = old.name;
+	end if;
+	dummy := tg_hub_adjustslots(new.name, old.nslots, new.nslots);
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''DELETE'' then
+	dummy := tg_hub_adjustslots(old.name, old.nslots, 0);
+	return old;
+    end if;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_hub_a after insert or update or delete
+    on Hub for each row execute procedure tg_hub_a();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Support function to add/remove slots of Hub
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_hub_adjustslots(hname bpchar,
+                                   oldnslots integer,
+                                   newnslots integer)
+returns integer as '
+begin
+    if newnslots = oldnslots then
+        return 0;
+    end if;
+    if newnslots < oldnslots then
+        delete from HSlot where hubname = hname and slotno > newnslots;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    for i in oldnslots + 1 .. newnslots loop
+        insert into HSlot (slotname, hubname, slotno, slotlink)
+		values (''HS.dummy'', hname, i, '''');
+    end loop;
+    return 0;
+end
+' language plpgsql;
+
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON FUNCTION tg_hub_adjustslots_wrong(bpchar, integer, integer) IS 'function with args';
+COMMENT ON FUNCTION tg_hub_adjustslots(bpchar, integer, integer) IS 'function with args';
+COMMENT ON FUNCTION tg_hub_adjustslots(bpchar, integer, integer) IS NULL;
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on HSlot
+-- *	- prevent from manual manipulation
+-- *	- set the slotname to HS.hubname.slotno
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_hslot_biu() returns trigger as '
+declare
+    sname	text;
+    xname	HSlot.slotname%TYPE;
+    hubrec	record;
+begin
+    select into hubrec * from Hub where name = new.hubname;
+    if not found then
+        raise exception ''no manual manipulation of HSlot'';
+    end if;
+    if new.slotno < 1 or new.slotno > hubrec.nslots then
+        raise exception ''no manual manipulation of HSlot'';
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''UPDATE'' and new.hubname != old.hubname then
+	if count(*) > 0 from Hub where name = old.hubname then
+	    raise exception ''no manual manipulation of HSlot'';
+	end if;
+    end if;
+    sname := ''HS.'' || trim(new.hubname);
+    sname := sname || ''.'';
+    sname := sname || new.slotno::text;
+    if length(sname) > 20 then
+        raise exception ''HSlot slotname "%" too long (20 char max)'', sname;
+    end if;
+    new.slotname := sname;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_hslot_biu before insert or update
+    on HSlot for each row execute procedure tg_hslot_biu();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE DELETE on HSlot
+-- *	- prevent from manual manipulation
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_hslot_bd() returns trigger as '
+declare
+    hubrec	record;
+begin
+    select into hubrec * from Hub where name = old.hubname;
+    if not found then
+        return old;
+    end if;
+    if old.slotno > hubrec.nslots then
+        return old;
+    end if;
+    raise exception ''no manual manipulation of HSlot'';
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_hslot_bd before delete
+    on HSlot for each row execute procedure tg_hslot_bd();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT on all slots
+-- *	- Check name prefix
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_chkslotname() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if substr(new.slotname, 1, 2) != tg_argv[0] then
+        raise exception ''slotname must begin with %'', tg_argv[0];
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_chkslotname before insert
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotname('PS');
+
+create trigger tg_chkslotname before insert
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotname('WS');
+
+create trigger tg_chkslotname before insert
+    on PLine for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotname('PL');
+
+create trigger tg_chkslotname before insert
+    on IFace for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotname('IF');
+
+create trigger tg_chkslotname before insert
+    on PHone for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotname('PH');
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on all slots with slotlink
+-- *	- Set slotlink to empty string if NULL value given
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_chkslotlink() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotlink isnull then
+        new.slotlink := '''';
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_chkslotlink before insert or update
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotlink();
+
+create trigger tg_chkslotlink before insert or update
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotlink();
+
+create trigger tg_chkslotlink before insert or update
+    on IFace for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotlink();
+
+create trigger tg_chkslotlink before insert or update
+    on HSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotlink();
+
+create trigger tg_chkslotlink before insert or update
+    on PHone for each row execute procedure tg_chkslotlink();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE INSERT or UPDATE on all slots with backlink
+-- *	- Set backlink to empty string if NULL value given
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_chkbacklink() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.backlink isnull then
+        new.backlink := '''';
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_chkbacklink before insert or update
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkbacklink();
+
+create trigger tg_chkbacklink before insert or update
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_chkbacklink();
+
+create trigger tg_chkbacklink before insert or update
+    on PLine for each row execute procedure tg_chkbacklink();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on PSlot
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_pslot_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname then
+        delete from PSlot where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into PSlot (
+		    slotname,
+		    pfname,
+		    slotlink,
+		    backlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.pfname,
+		    new.slotlink,
+		    new.backlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_pslot_bu before update
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_pslot_bu();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on WSlot
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_wslot_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname then
+        delete from WSlot where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into WSlot (
+		    slotname,
+		    roomno,
+		    slotlink,
+		    backlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.roomno,
+		    new.slotlink,
+		    new.backlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_wslot_bu before update
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_Wslot_bu();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on PLine
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_pline_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname then
+        delete from PLine where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into PLine (
+		    slotname,
+		    phonenumber,
+		    comment,
+		    backlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.phonenumber,
+		    new.comment,
+		    new.backlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_pline_bu before update
+    on PLine for each row execute procedure tg_pline_bu();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on IFace
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_iface_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname then
+        delete from IFace where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into IFace (
+		    slotname,
+		    sysname,
+		    ifname,
+		    slotlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.sysname,
+		    new.ifname,
+		    new.slotlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_iface_bu before update
+    on IFace for each row execute procedure tg_iface_bu();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on HSlot
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_hslot_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname or new.hubname != old.hubname then
+        delete from HSlot where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into HSlot (
+		    slotname,
+		    hubname,
+		    slotno,
+		    slotlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.hubname,
+		    new.slotno,
+		    new.slotlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_hslot_bu before update
+    on HSlot for each row execute procedure tg_hslot_bu();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * BEFORE UPDATE on PHone
+-- *	- do delete/insert instead of update if name changes
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_phone_bu() returns trigger as '
+begin
+    if new.slotname != old.slotname then
+        delete from PHone where slotname = old.slotname;
+	insert into PHone (
+		    slotname,
+		    comment,
+		    slotlink
+		) values (
+		    new.slotname,
+		    new.comment,
+		    new.slotlink
+		);
+        return null;
+    end if;
+    return new;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger tg_phone_bu before update
+    on PHone for each row execute procedure tg_phone_bu();
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE on slot with backlink
+-- *	- Ensure that the opponent correctly points back to us
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_backlink_a() returns trigger as '
+declare
+    dummy	integer;
+begin
+    if tg_op = ''INSERT'' then
+        if new.backlink != '''' then
+	    dummy := tg_backlink_set(new.backlink, new.slotname);
+	end if;
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''UPDATE'' then
+        if new.backlink != old.backlink then
+	    if old.backlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_backlink_unset(old.backlink, old.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	    if new.backlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_backlink_set(new.backlink, new.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	else
+	    if new.slotname != old.slotname and new.backlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_slotlink_set(new.backlink, new.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	end if;
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''DELETE'' then
+        if old.backlink != '''' then
+	    dummy := tg_backlink_unset(old.backlink, old.slotname);
+	end if;
+	return old;
+    end if;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+
+create trigger tg_backlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_backlink_a('PS');
+
+create trigger tg_backlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_backlink_a('WS');
+
+create trigger tg_backlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on PLine for each row execute procedure tg_backlink_a('PL');
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Support function to set the opponents backlink field
+-- * if it does not already point to the requested slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_backlink_set(myname bpchar, blname bpchar)
+returns integer as '
+declare
+    mytype	char(2);
+    link	char(4);
+    rec		record;
+begin
+    mytype := substr(myname, 1, 2);
+    link := mytype || substr(blname, 1, 2);
+    if link = ''PLPL'' then
+        raise exception
+		''backlink between two phone lines does not make sense'';
+    end if;
+    if link in (''PLWS'', ''WSPL'') then
+        raise exception
+		''direct link of phone line to wall slot not permitted'';
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PS'' then
+        select into rec * from PSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink != blname then
+	    update PSlot set backlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''WS'' then
+        select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink != blname then
+	    update WSlot set backlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PL'' then
+        select into rec * from PLine where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink != blname then
+	    update PLine set backlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    raise exception ''illegal backlink beginning with %'', mytype;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Support function to clear out the backlink field if
+-- * it still points to specific slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_backlink_unset(bpchar, bpchar)
+returns integer as '
+declare
+    myname	alias for $1;
+    blname	alias for $2;
+    mytype	char(2);
+    rec		record;
+begin
+    mytype := substr(myname, 1, 2);
+    if mytype = ''PS'' then
+        select into rec * from PSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink = blname then
+	    update PSlot set backlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''WS'' then
+        select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink = blname then
+	    update WSlot set backlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PL'' then
+        select into rec * from PLine where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.backlink = blname then
+	    update PLine set backlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+end
+' language plpgsql;
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * AFTER INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE on slot with slotlink
+-- *	- Ensure that the opponent correctly points back to us
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_slotlink_a() returns trigger as '
+declare
+    dummy	integer;
+begin
+    if tg_op = ''INSERT'' then
+        if new.slotlink != '''' then
+	    dummy := tg_slotlink_set(new.slotlink, new.slotname);
+	end if;
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''UPDATE'' then
+        if new.slotlink != old.slotlink then
+	    if old.slotlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_slotlink_unset(old.slotlink, old.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	    if new.slotlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_slotlink_set(new.slotlink, new.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	else
+	    if new.slotname != old.slotname and new.slotlink != '''' then
+	        dummy := tg_slotlink_set(new.slotlink, new.slotname);
+	    end if;
+	end if;
+	return new;
+    end if;
+    if tg_op = ''DELETE'' then
+        if old.slotlink != '''' then
+	    dummy := tg_slotlink_unset(old.slotlink, old.slotname);
+	end if;
+	return old;
+    end if;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+
+create trigger tg_slotlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on PSlot for each row execute procedure tg_slotlink_a('PS');
+
+create trigger tg_slotlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on WSlot for each row execute procedure tg_slotlink_a('WS');
+
+create trigger tg_slotlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on IFace for each row execute procedure tg_slotlink_a('IF');
+
+create trigger tg_slotlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on HSlot for each row execute procedure tg_slotlink_a('HS');
+
+create trigger tg_slotlink_a after insert or update or delete
+    on PHone for each row execute procedure tg_slotlink_a('PH');
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Support function to set the opponents slotlink field
+-- * if it does not already point to the requested slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_slotlink_set(bpchar, bpchar)
+returns integer as '
+declare
+    myname	alias for $1;
+    blname	alias for $2;
+    mytype	char(2);
+    link	char(4);
+    rec		record;
+begin
+    mytype := substr(myname, 1, 2);
+    link := mytype || substr(blname, 1, 2);
+    if link = ''PHPH'' then
+        raise exception
+		''slotlink between two phones does not make sense'';
+    end if;
+    if link in (''PHHS'', ''HSPH'') then
+        raise exception
+		''link of phone to hub does not make sense'';
+    end if;
+    if link in (''PHIF'', ''IFPH'') then
+        raise exception
+		''link of phone to hub does not make sense'';
+    end if;
+    if link in (''PSWS'', ''WSPS'') then
+        raise exception
+		''slotlink from patchslot to wallslot not permitted'';
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PS'' then
+        select into rec * from PSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink != blname then
+	    update PSlot set slotlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''WS'' then
+        select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink != blname then
+	    update WSlot set slotlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''IF'' then
+        select into rec * from IFace where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink != blname then
+	    update IFace set slotlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''HS'' then
+        select into rec * from HSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink != blname then
+	    update HSlot set slotlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PH'' then
+        select into rec * from PHone where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    raise exception ''% does not exist'', myname;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink != blname then
+	    update PHone set slotlink = blname where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    raise exception ''illegal slotlink beginning with %'', mytype;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Support function to clear out the slotlink field if
+-- * it still points to specific slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function tg_slotlink_unset(bpchar, bpchar)
+returns integer as '
+declare
+    myname	alias for $1;
+    blname	alias for $2;
+    mytype	char(2);
+    rec		record;
+begin
+    mytype := substr(myname, 1, 2);
+    if mytype = ''PS'' then
+        select into rec * from PSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink = blname then
+	    update PSlot set slotlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''WS'' then
+        select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink = blname then
+	    update WSlot set slotlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''IF'' then
+        select into rec * from IFace where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink = blname then
+	    update IFace set slotlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''HS'' then
+        select into rec * from HSlot where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink = blname then
+	    update HSlot set slotlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+    if mytype = ''PH'' then
+        select into rec * from PHone where slotname = myname;
+	if not found then
+	    return 0;
+	end if;
+	if rec.slotlink = blname then
+	    update PHone set slotlink = '''' where slotname = myname;
+	end if;
+	return 0;
+    end if;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Describe the backside of a patchfield slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function pslot_backlink_view(bpchar)
+returns text as '
+<<outer>>
+declare
+    rec		record;
+    bltype	char(2);
+    retval	text;
+begin
+    select into rec * from PSlot where slotname = $1;
+    if not found then
+        return '''';
+    end if;
+    if rec.backlink = '''' then
+        return ''-'';
+    end if;
+    bltype := substr(rec.backlink, 1, 2);
+    if bltype = ''PL'' then
+        declare
+	    rec		record;
+	begin
+	    select into rec * from PLine where slotname = "outer".rec.backlink;
+	    retval := ''Phone line '' || trim(rec.phonenumber);
+	    if rec.comment != '''' then
+	        retval := retval || '' ('';
+		retval := retval || rec.comment;
+		retval := retval || '')'';
+	    end if;
+	    return retval;
+	end;
+    end if;
+    if bltype = ''WS'' then
+        select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = rec.backlink;
+	retval := trim(rec.slotname) || '' in room '';
+	retval := retval || trim(rec.roomno);
+	retval := retval || '' -> '';
+	return retval || wslot_slotlink_view(rec.slotname);
+    end if;
+    return rec.backlink;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Describe the front of a patchfield slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function pslot_slotlink_view(bpchar)
+returns text as '
+declare
+    psrec	record;
+    sltype	char(2);
+    retval	text;
+begin
+    select into psrec * from PSlot where slotname = $1;
+    if not found then
+        return '''';
+    end if;
+    if psrec.slotlink = '''' then
+        return ''-'';
+    end if;
+    sltype := substr(psrec.slotlink, 1, 2);
+    if sltype = ''PS'' then
+	retval := trim(psrec.slotlink) || '' -> '';
+	return retval || pslot_backlink_view(psrec.slotlink);
+    end if;
+    if sltype = ''HS'' then
+        retval := comment from Hub H, HSlot HS
+			where HS.slotname = psrec.slotlink
+			  and H.name = HS.hubname;
+        retval := retval || '' slot '';
+	retval := retval || slotno::text from HSlot
+			where slotname = psrec.slotlink;
+	return retval;
+    end if;
+    return psrec.slotlink;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * Describe the front of a wall connector slot
+-- ************************************************************
+create function wslot_slotlink_view(bpchar)
+returns text as '
+declare
+    rec		record;
+    sltype	char(2);
+    retval	text;
+begin
+    select into rec * from WSlot where slotname = $1;
+    if not found then
+        return '''';
+    end if;
+    if rec.slotlink = '''' then
+        return ''-'';
+    end if;
+    sltype := substr(rec.slotlink, 1, 2);
+    if sltype = ''PH'' then
+        select into rec * from PHone where slotname = rec.slotlink;
+	retval := ''Phone '' || trim(rec.slotname);
+	if rec.comment != '''' then
+	    retval := retval || '' ('';
+	    retval := retval || rec.comment;
+	    retval := retval || '')'';
+	end if;
+	return retval;
+    end if;
+    if sltype = ''IF'' then
+	declare
+	    syrow	System%RowType;
+	    ifrow	IFace%ROWTYPE;
+        begin
+	    select into ifrow * from IFace where slotname = rec.slotlink;
+	    select into syrow * from System where name = ifrow.sysname;
+	    retval := syrow.name || '' IF '';
+	    retval := retval || ifrow.ifname;
+	    if syrow.comment != '''' then
+	        retval := retval || '' ('';
+		retval := retval || syrow.comment;
+		retval := retval || '')'';
+	    end if;
+	    return retval;
+	end;
+    end if;
+    return rec.slotlink;
+end;
+' language plpgsql;
+
+
+
+-- ************************************************************
+-- * View of a patchfield describing backside and patches
+-- ************************************************************
+create view Pfield_v1 as select PF.pfname, PF.slotname,
+	pslot_backlink_view(PF.slotname) as backside,
+	pslot_slotlink_view(PF.slotname) as patch
+    from PSlot PF;
+
+
+--
+-- First we build the house - so we create the rooms
+--
+insert into Room values ('001', 'Entrance');
+insert into Room values ('002', 'Office');
+insert into Room values ('003', 'Office');
+insert into Room values ('004', 'Technical');
+insert into Room values ('101', 'Office');
+insert into Room values ('102', 'Conference');
+insert into Room values ('103', 'Restroom');
+insert into Room values ('104', 'Technical');
+insert into Room values ('105', 'Office');
+insert into Room values ('106', 'Office');
+
+--
+-- Second we install the wall connectors
+--
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.1a', '001', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.1b', '001', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.2a', '001', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.2b', '001', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.3a', '001', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.001.3b', '001', '', '');
+
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.1a', '002', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.1b', '002', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.2a', '002', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.2b', '002', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.3a', '002', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.002.3b', '002', '', '');
+
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.1a', '003', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.1b', '003', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.2a', '003', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.2b', '003', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.3a', '003', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.003.3b', '003', '', '');
+
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.1a', '101', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.1b', '101', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.2a', '101', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.2b', '101', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.3a', '101', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.101.3b', '101', '', '');
+
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.1a', '102', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.1b', '102', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.2a', '102', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.2b', '102', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.3a', '102', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.102.3b', '102', '', '');
+
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.1a', '105', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.1b', '105', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.2a', '105', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.2b', '105', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.3a', '105', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.105.3b', '105', '', '');
+
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.1a', '106', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.1b', '106', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.2a', '106', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.2b', '106', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.3a', '106', '', '');
+insert into WSlot values ('WS.106.3b', '106', '', '');
+
+--
+-- Now create the patch fields and their slots
+--
+insert into PField values ('PF0_1', 'Wallslots basement');
+
+--
+-- The cables for these will be made later, so they are unconnected for now
+--
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a1', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a2', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a3', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a4', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a5', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.a6', 'PF0_1', '', '');
+
+--
+-- These are already wired to the wall connectors
+--
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b1', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b2', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b3', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b4', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b5', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.b6', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.002.3b');
+
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c1', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c2', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c3', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c4', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c5', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.c6', 'PF0_1', '', 'WS.003.3b');
+
+--
+-- This patchfield will be renamed later into PF0_2 - so its
+-- slots references in pfname should follow
+--
+insert into PField values ('PF0_X', 'Phonelines basement');
+
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta1', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta2', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta3', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta4', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta5', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.ta6', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb1', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb2', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb3', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb4', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb5', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.base.tb6', 'PF0_X', '', '');
+
+insert into PField values ('PF1_1', 'Wallslots first floor');
+
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a1', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a2', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a3', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a4', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a5', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.a6', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.101.3b');
+
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b1', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b2', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b3', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b4', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b5', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.b6', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.102.3b');
+
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c1', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c2', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c3', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c4', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c5', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.c6', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.105.3b');
+
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d1', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.1a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d2', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.1b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d3', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.2a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d4', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.2b');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d5', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.3a');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.d6', 'PF1_1', '', 'WS.106.3b');
+
+--
+-- Now we wire the wall connectors 1a-2a in room 001 to the
+-- patchfield. In the second update we make an error, and
+-- correct it after
+--
+update PSlot set backlink = 'WS.001.1a' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+update PSlot set backlink = 'WS.001.1b' where slotname = 'PS.base.a3';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+update PSlot set backlink = 'WS.001.2a' where slotname = 'PS.base.a3';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+update PSlot set backlink = 'WS.001.1b' where slotname = 'PS.base.a2';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+
+--
+-- Same procedure for 2b-3b but this time updating the WSlot instead
+-- of the PSlot. Due to the triggers the result is the same:
+-- WSlot and corresponding PSlot point to each other.
+--
+update WSlot set backlink = 'PS.base.a4' where slotname = 'WS.001.2b';
+update WSlot set backlink = 'PS.base.a6' where slotname = 'WS.001.3a';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+update WSlot set backlink = 'PS.base.a6' where slotname = 'WS.001.3b';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+update WSlot set backlink = 'PS.base.a5' where slotname = 'WS.001.3a';
+select * from WSlot where roomno = '001' order by slotname;
+select * from PSlot where slotname ~ 'PS.base.a' order by slotname;
+
+insert into PField values ('PF1_2', 'Phonelines first floor');
+
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta1', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta2', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta3', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta4', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta5', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.ta6', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb1', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb2', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb3', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb4', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb5', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+insert into PSlot values ('PS.first.tb6', 'PF1_2', '', '');
+
+--
+-- Fix the wrong name for patchfield PF0_2
+--
+update PField set name = 'PF0_2' where name = 'PF0_X';
+
+select * from PSlot order by slotname;
+select * from WSlot order by slotname;
+
+--
+-- Install the central phone system and create the phone numbers.
+-- They are wired on insert to the patchfields. Again the
+-- triggers automatically tell the PSlots to update their
+-- backlink field.
+--
+insert into PLine values ('PL.001', '-0', 'Central call', 'PS.base.ta1');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.002', '-101', '', 'PS.base.ta2');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.003', '-102', '', 'PS.base.ta3');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.004', '-103', '', 'PS.base.ta5');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.005', '-104', '', 'PS.base.ta6');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.006', '-106', '', 'PS.base.tb2');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.007', '-108', '', 'PS.base.tb3');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.008', '-109', '', 'PS.base.tb4');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.009', '-121', '', 'PS.base.tb5');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.010', '-122', '', 'PS.base.tb6');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.015', '-134', '', 'PS.first.ta1');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.016', '-137', '', 'PS.first.ta3');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.017', '-139', '', 'PS.first.ta4');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.018', '-362', '', 'PS.first.tb1');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.019', '-363', '', 'PS.first.tb2');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.020', '-364', '', 'PS.first.tb3');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.021', '-365', '', 'PS.first.tb5');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.022', '-367', '', 'PS.first.tb6');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.028', '-501', 'Fax entrance', 'PS.base.ta2');
+insert into PLine values ('PL.029', '-502', 'Fax first floor', 'PS.first.ta1');
+
+--
+-- Buy some phones, plug them into the wall and patch the
+-- phone lines to the corresponding patchfield slots.
+--
+insert into PHone values ('PH.hc001', 'Hicom standard', 'WS.001.1a');
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'PS.base.ta1' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+insert into PHone values ('PH.hc002', 'Hicom standard', 'WS.002.1a');
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'PS.base.ta5' where slotname = 'PS.base.b1';
+insert into PHone values ('PH.hc003', 'Hicom standard', 'WS.002.2a');
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'PS.base.tb2' where slotname = 'PS.base.b3';
+insert into PHone values ('PH.fax001', 'Canon fax', 'WS.001.2a');
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'PS.base.ta2' where slotname = 'PS.base.a3';
+
+--
+-- Install a hub at one of the patchfields, plug a computers
+-- ethernet interface into the wall and patch it to the hub.
+--
+insert into Hub values ('base.hub1', 'Patchfield PF0_1 hub', 16);
+insert into System values ('orion', 'PC');
+insert into IFace values ('IF', 'orion', 'eth0', 'WS.002.1b');
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'HS.base.hub1.1' where slotname = 'PS.base.b2';
+
+--
+-- Now we take a look at the patchfield
+--
+select * from PField_v1 where pfname = 'PF0_1' order by slotname;
+select * from PField_v1 where pfname = 'PF0_2' order by slotname;
+
+--
+-- Finally we want errors
+--
+insert into PField values ('PF1_1', 'should fail due to unique index');
+update PSlot set backlink = 'WS.not.there' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+update PSlot set backlink = 'XX.illegal' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'PS.not.there' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+update PSlot set slotlink = 'XX.illegal' where slotname = 'PS.base.a1';
+insert into HSlot values ('HS', 'base.hub1', 1, '');
+insert into HSlot values ('HS', 'base.hub1', 20, '');
+delete from HSlot;
+insert into IFace values ('IF', 'notthere', 'eth0', '');
+insert into IFace values ('IF', 'orion', 'ethernet_interface_name_too_long', '');
+
+
+--
+-- The following tests are unrelated to the scenario outlined above;
+-- they merely exercise specific parts of PL/pgSQL
+--
+
+--
+-- Test recursion, per bug report 7-Sep-01
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION recursion_test(int,int) RETURNS text AS '
+DECLARE rslt text;
+BEGIN
+    IF $1 <= 0 THEN
+        rslt = CAST($2 AS TEXT);
+    ELSE
+        rslt = CAST($1 AS TEXT) || '','' || recursion_test($1 - 1, $2);
+    END IF;
+    RETURN rslt;
+END;' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+SELECT recursion_test(4,3);
+
+--
+-- Test the FOUND magic variable
+--
+CREATE TABLE found_test_tbl (a int);
+
+create function test_found()
+  returns boolean as '
+  declare
+  begin
+  insert into found_test_tbl values (1);
+  if FOUND then
+     insert into found_test_tbl values (2);
+  end if;
+
+  update found_test_tbl set a = 100 where a = 1;
+  if FOUND then
+    insert into found_test_tbl values (3);
+  end if;
+
+  delete from found_test_tbl where a = 9999; -- matches no rows
+  if not FOUND then
+    insert into found_test_tbl values (4);
+  end if;
+
+  for i in 1 .. 10 loop
+    -- no need to do anything
+  end loop;
+  if FOUND then
+    insert into found_test_tbl values (5);
+  end if;
+
+  -- never executes the loop
+  for i in 2 .. 1 loop
+    -- no need to do anything
+  end loop;
+  if not FOUND then
+    insert into found_test_tbl values (6);
+  end if;
+  return true;
+  end;' language plpgsql;
+
+select test_found();
+select * from found_test_tbl;
+
+--
+-- Test set-returning functions for PL/pgSQL
+--
+
+create function test_table_func_rec() returns setof found_test_tbl as '
+DECLARE
+	rec RECORD;
+BEGIN
+	FOR rec IN select * from found_test_tbl LOOP
+		RETURN NEXT rec;
+	END LOOP;
+	RETURN;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+
+select * from test_table_func_rec();
+
+create function test_table_func_row() returns setof found_test_tbl as '
+DECLARE
+	row found_test_tbl%ROWTYPE;
+BEGIN
+	FOR row IN select * from found_test_tbl LOOP
+		RETURN NEXT row;
+	END LOOP;
+	RETURN;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+
+select * from test_table_func_row();
+
+create function test_ret_set_scalar(int,int) returns setof int as '
+DECLARE
+	i int;
+BEGIN
+	FOR i IN $1 .. $2 LOOP
+		RETURN NEXT i + 1;
+	END LOOP;
+	RETURN;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+
+select * from test_ret_set_scalar(1,10);
+
+create function test_ret_set_rec_dyn(int) returns setof record as '
+DECLARE
+	retval RECORD;
+BEGIN
+	IF $1 > 10 THEN
+		SELECT INTO retval 5, 10, 15;
+		RETURN NEXT retval;
+		RETURN NEXT retval;
+	ELSE
+		SELECT INTO retval 50, 5::numeric, ''xxx''::text;
+		RETURN NEXT retval;
+		RETURN NEXT retval;
+	END IF;
+	RETURN;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+
+SELECT * FROM test_ret_set_rec_dyn(1500) AS (a int, b int, c int);
+SELECT * FROM test_ret_set_rec_dyn(5) AS (a int, b numeric, c text);
+
+create function test_ret_rec_dyn(int) returns record as '
+DECLARE
+	retval RECORD;
+BEGIN
+	IF $1 > 10 THEN
+		SELECT INTO retval 5, 10, 15;
+		RETURN retval;
+	ELSE
+		SELECT INTO retval 50, 5::numeric, ''xxx''::text;
+		RETURN retval;
+	END IF;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+
+SELECT * FROM test_ret_rec_dyn(1500) AS (a int, b int, c int);
+SELECT * FROM test_ret_rec_dyn(5) AS (a int, b numeric, c text);
+
+--
+-- Test some simple polymorphism cases.
+--
+
+create function f1(x anyelement) returns anyelement as $$
+begin
+  return x + 1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select f1(42) as int, f1(4.5) as num;
+select f1(point(3,4));  -- fail for lack of + operator
+
+drop function f1(x anyelement);
+
+create function f1(x anyelement) returns anyarray as $$
+begin
+  return array[x + 1, x + 2];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select f1(42) as int, f1(4.5) as num;
+
+drop function f1(x anyelement);
+
+create function f1(x anyarray) returns anyelement as $$
+begin
+  return x[1];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select f1(array[2,4]) as int, f1(array[4.5, 7.7]) as num;
+
+select f1(stavalues1) from pg_statistic;  -- fail, can't infer element type
+
+drop function f1(x anyarray);
+
+create function f1(x anyarray) returns anyarray as $$
+begin
+  return x;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select f1(array[2,4]) as int, f1(array[4.5, 7.7]) as num;
+
+select f1(stavalues1) from pg_statistic;  -- fail, can't infer element type
+
+drop function f1(x anyarray);
+
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function f1(x anyelement) returns anyrange as $$
+begin
+  return array[x + 1, x + 2];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function f1(x anyrange) returns anyarray as $$
+begin
+  return array[lower(x), upper(x)];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select f1(int4range(42, 49)) as int, f1(float8range(4.5, 7.8)) as num;
+
+drop function f1(x anyrange);
+
+create function f1(x anycompatible, y anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+begin
+  return array[x, y];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select f1(2, 4) as int, f1(2, 4.5) as num;
+
+drop function f1(x anycompatible, y anycompatible);
+
+create function f1(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+begin
+  return array[lower(x), upper(x), y, z];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select f1(int4range(42, 49), 11, 2::smallint) as int, f1(float8range(4.5, 7.8), 7.8, 11::real) as num;
+
+select f1(int4range(42, 49), 11, 4.5) as fail;  -- range type doesn't fit
+
+drop function f1(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible);
+
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function f1(x anycompatible) returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+begin
+  return array[x + 1, x + 2];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function f1(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatiblearray) returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+begin
+  return x;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select f1(int4range(42, 49), array[11]) as int, f1(float8range(4.5, 7.8), array[7]) as num;
+
+drop function f1(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatiblearray);
+
+create function f1(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                   c anycompatible, d anycompatible,
+                   OUT x anyarray, OUT y anycompatiblearray)
+as $$
+begin
+  x := a || b;
+  y := array[c, d];
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from f1(11, array[1, 2], 42, 34.5);
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from f1(11, array[1, 2], point(1,2), point(3,4));
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from f1(11, '{1,2}', point(1,2), '(3,4)');
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from f1(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, 34.5);  -- fail
+
+drop function f1(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                 c anycompatible, d anycompatible);
+
+--
+-- Test handling of OUT parameters, including polymorphic cases.
+-- Note that RETURN is optional with OUT params; we try both ways.
+--
+
+-- wrong way to do it:
+create function f1(in i int, out j int) returns int as $$
+begin
+  return i+1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function f1(in i int, out j int) as $$
+begin
+  j := i+1;
+  return;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select f1(42);
+select * from f1(42);
+
+create or replace function f1(inout i int) as $$
+begin
+  i := i+1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select f1(42);
+select * from f1(42);
+
+drop function f1(int);
+
+create function f1(in i int, out j int) returns setof int as $$
+begin
+  j := i+1;
+  return next;
+  j := i+2;
+  return next;
+  return;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from f1(42);
+
+drop function f1(int);
+
+create function f1(in i int, out j int, out k text) as $$
+begin
+  j := i;
+  j := j+1;
+  k := 'foo';
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select f1(42);
+select * from f1(42);
+
+drop function f1(int);
+
+create function f1(in i int, out j int, out k text) returns setof record as $$
+begin
+  j := i+1;
+  k := 'foo';
+  return next;
+  j := j+1;
+  k := 'foot';
+  return next;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from f1(42);
+
+drop function f1(int);
+
+create function duplic(in i anyelement, out j anyelement, out k anyarray) as $$
+begin
+  j := i;
+  k := array[j,j];
+  return;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from duplic(42);
+select * from duplic('foo'::text);
+
+drop function duplic(anyelement);
+
+create function duplic(in i anycompatiblerange, out j anycompatible, out k anycompatiblearray) as $$
+begin
+  j := lower(i);
+  k := array[lower(i),upper(i)];
+  return;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from duplic(int4range(42,49));
+select * from duplic(textrange('aaa', 'bbb'));
+
+drop function duplic(anycompatiblerange);
+
+--
+-- test PERFORM
+--
+
+create table perform_test (
+	a	INT,
+	b	INT
+);
+
+create function perform_simple_func(int) returns boolean as '
+BEGIN
+	IF $1 < 20 THEN
+		INSERT INTO perform_test VALUES ($1, $1 + 10);
+		RETURN TRUE;
+	ELSE
+		RETURN FALSE;
+	END IF;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+
+create function perform_test_func() returns void as '
+BEGIN
+	IF FOUND then
+		INSERT INTO perform_test VALUES (100, 100);
+	END IF;
+
+	PERFORM perform_simple_func(5);
+
+	IF FOUND then
+		INSERT INTO perform_test VALUES (100, 100);
+	END IF;
+
+	PERFORM perform_simple_func(50);
+
+	IF FOUND then
+		INSERT INTO perform_test VALUES (100, 100);
+	END IF;
+
+	RETURN;
+END;' language plpgsql;
+
+SELECT perform_test_func();
+SELECT * FROM perform_test;
+
+drop table perform_test;
+
+--
+-- Test proper snapshot handling in simple expressions
+--
+
+create temp table users(login text, id serial);
+
+create function sp_id_user(a_login text) returns int as $$
+declare x int;
+begin
+  select into x id from users where login = a_login;
+  if found then return x; end if;
+  return 0;
+end$$ language plpgsql stable;
+
+insert into users values('user1');
+
+select sp_id_user('user1');
+select sp_id_user('userx');
+
+create function sp_add_user(a_login text) returns int as $$
+declare my_id_user int;
+begin
+  my_id_user = sp_id_user( a_login );
+  IF  my_id_user > 0 THEN
+    RETURN -1;  -- error code for existing user
+  END IF;
+  INSERT INTO users ( login ) VALUES ( a_login );
+  my_id_user = sp_id_user( a_login );
+  IF  my_id_user = 0 THEN
+    RETURN -2;  -- error code for insertion failure
+  END IF;
+  RETURN my_id_user;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select sp_add_user('user1');
+select sp_add_user('user2');
+select sp_add_user('user2');
+select sp_add_user('user3');
+select sp_add_user('user3');
+
+drop function sp_add_user(text);
+drop function sp_id_user(text);
+
+--
+-- tests for refcursors
+--
+create table rc_test (a int, b int);
+copy rc_test from stdin;
+5	10
+50	100
+500	1000
+\.
+
+create function return_unnamed_refcursor() returns refcursor as $$
+declare
+    rc refcursor;
+begin
+    open rc for select a from rc_test;
+    return rc;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function use_refcursor(rc refcursor) returns int as $$
+declare
+    rc refcursor;
+    x record;
+begin
+    rc := return_unnamed_refcursor();
+    fetch next from rc into x;
+    return x.a;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select use_refcursor(return_unnamed_refcursor());
+
+create function return_refcursor(rc refcursor) returns refcursor as $$
+begin
+    open rc for select a from rc_test;
+    return rc;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function refcursor_test1(refcursor) returns refcursor as $$
+begin
+    perform return_refcursor($1);
+    return $1;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+begin;
+
+select refcursor_test1('test1');
+fetch next in test1;
+
+select refcursor_test1('test2');
+fetch all from test2;
+
+commit;
+
+-- should fail
+fetch next from test1;
+
+create function refcursor_test2(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+declare
+    c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+    nonsense record;
+begin
+    open c1($1, $2);
+    fetch c1 into nonsense;
+    close c1;
+    if found then
+        return true;
+    else
+        return false;
+    end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select refcursor_test2(20000, 20000) as "Should be false",
+       refcursor_test2(20, 20) as "Should be true";
+
+-- should fail
+create function constant_refcursor() returns refcursor as $$
+declare
+    rc constant refcursor;
+begin
+    open rc for select a from rc_test;
+    return rc;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select constant_refcursor();
+
+-- but it's okay like this
+create or replace function constant_refcursor() returns refcursor as $$
+declare
+    rc constant refcursor := 'my_cursor_name';
+begin
+    open rc for select a from rc_test;
+    return rc;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select constant_refcursor();
+
+--
+-- tests for cursors with named parameter arguments
+--
+create function namedparmcursor_test1(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+declare
+    c1 cursor (param1 int, param12 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param12;
+    nonsense record;
+begin
+    open c1(param12 := $2, param1 := $1);
+    fetch c1 into nonsense;
+    close c1;
+    if found then
+        return true;
+    else
+        return false;
+    end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select namedparmcursor_test1(20000, 20000) as "Should be false",
+       namedparmcursor_test1(20, 20) as "Should be true";
+
+-- mixing named and positional argument notations
+create function namedparmcursor_test2(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+declare
+    c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+    nonsense record;
+begin
+    open c1(param1 := $1, $2);
+    fetch c1 into nonsense;
+    close c1;
+    if found then
+        return true;
+    else
+        return false;
+    end if;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select namedparmcursor_test2(20, 20);
+
+-- mixing named and positional: param2 is given twice, once in named notation
+-- and second time in positional notation. Should throw an error at parse time
+create function namedparmcursor_test3() returns void as $$
+declare
+    c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+begin
+    open c1(param2 := 20, 21);
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- mixing named and positional: same as previous test, but param1 is duplicated
+create function namedparmcursor_test4() returns void as $$
+declare
+    c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+begin
+    open c1(20, param1 := 21);
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- duplicate named parameter, should throw an error at parse time
+create function namedparmcursor_test5() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+    select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+begin
+  open c1 (p2 := 77, p2 := 42);
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- not enough parameters, should throw an error at parse time
+create function namedparmcursor_test6() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+    select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+begin
+  open c1 (p2 := 77);
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- division by zero runtime error, the context given in the error message
+-- should be sensible
+create function namedparmcursor_test7() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+    select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+begin
+  open c1 (p2 := 77, p1 := 42/0);
+end $$ language plpgsql;
+select namedparmcursor_test7();
+
+-- check that line comments work correctly within the argument list (there
+-- is some special handling of this case in the code: the newline after the
+-- comment must be preserved when the argument-evaluating query is
+-- constructed, otherwise the comment effectively comments out the next
+-- argument, too)
+create function namedparmcursor_test8() returns int4 as $$
+declare
+  c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+    select count(*) from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+  n int4;
+begin
+  open c1 (77 -- test
+  , 42);
+  fetch c1 into n;
+  return n;
+end $$ language plpgsql;
+select namedparmcursor_test8();
+
+-- cursor parameter name can match plpgsql variable or unreserved keyword
+create function namedparmcursor_test9(p1 int) returns int4 as $$
+declare
+  c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int, debug int) for
+    select count(*) from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2
+      and four = debug;
+  p2 int4 := 1006;
+  n int4;
+begin
+  open c1 (p1 := p1, p2 := p2, debug := 2);
+  fetch c1 into n;
+  return n;
+end $$ language plpgsql;
+select namedparmcursor_test9(6);
+
+--
+-- tests for "raise" processing
+--
+create function raise_test1(int) returns int as $$
+begin
+    raise notice 'This message has too many parameters!', $1;
+    return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function raise_test2(int) returns int as $$
+begin
+    raise notice 'This message has too few parameters: %, %, %', $1, $1;
+    return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function raise_test3(int) returns int as $$
+begin
+    raise notice 'This message has no parameters (despite having %% signs in it)!';
+    return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test3(1);
+
+-- Test re-RAISE inside a nested exception block.  This case is allowed
+-- by Oracle's PL/SQL but was handled differently by PG before 9.1.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION reraise_test() RETURNS void AS $$
+BEGIN
+   BEGIN
+       RAISE syntax_error;
+   EXCEPTION
+       WHEN syntax_error THEN
+           BEGIN
+               raise notice 'exception % thrown in inner block, reraising', sqlerrm;
+               RAISE;
+           EXCEPTION
+               WHEN OTHERS THEN
+                   raise notice 'RIGHT - exception % caught in inner block', sqlerrm;
+           END;
+   END;
+EXCEPTION
+   WHEN OTHERS THEN
+       raise notice 'WRONG - exception % caught in outer block', sqlerrm;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+SELECT reraise_test();
+
+--
+-- reject function definitions that contain malformed SQL queries at
+-- compile-time, where possible
+--
+create function bad_sql1() returns int as $$
+declare a int;
+begin
+    a := 5;
+    Johnny Yuma;
+    a := 10;
+    return a;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function bad_sql2() returns int as $$
+declare r record;
+begin
+    for r in select I fought the law, the law won LOOP
+        raise notice 'in loop';
+    end loop;
+    return 5;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- a RETURN expression is mandatory, except for void-returning
+-- functions, where it is not allowed
+create function missing_return_expr() returns int as $$
+begin
+    return ;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function void_return_expr() returns void as $$
+begin
+    return 5;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- VOID functions are allowed to omit RETURN
+create function void_return_expr() returns void as $$
+begin
+    perform 2+2;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select void_return_expr();
+
+-- but ordinary functions are not
+create function missing_return_expr() returns int as $$
+begin
+    perform 2+2;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select missing_return_expr();
+
+drop function void_return_expr();
+drop function missing_return_expr();
+
+--
+-- EXECUTE ... INTO test
+--
+
+create table eifoo (i integer, y integer);
+create type eitype as (i integer, y integer);
+
+create or replace function execute_into_test(varchar) returns record as $$
+declare
+    _r record;
+    _rt eifoo%rowtype;
+    _v eitype;
+    i int;
+    j int;
+    k int;
+begin
+    execute 'insert into '||$1||' values(10,15)';
+    execute 'select (row).* from (select row(10,1)::eifoo) s' into _r;
+    raise notice '% %', _r.i, _r.y;
+    execute 'select * from '||$1||' limit 1' into _rt;
+    raise notice '% %', _rt.i, _rt.y;
+    execute 'select *, 20 from '||$1||' limit 1' into i, j, k;
+    raise notice '% % %', i, j, k;
+    execute 'select 1,2' into _v;
+    return _v;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+
+select execute_into_test('eifoo');
+
+drop table eifoo cascade;
+drop type eitype cascade;
+
+--
+-- SQLSTATE and SQLERRM test
+--
+
+create function excpt_test1() returns void as $$
+begin
+    raise notice '% %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+-- should fail: SQLSTATE and SQLERRM are only in defined EXCEPTION
+-- blocks
+select excpt_test1();
+
+create function excpt_test2() returns void as $$
+begin
+    begin
+        begin
+            raise notice '% %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+        end;
+    end;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+-- should fail
+select excpt_test2();
+
+create function excpt_test3() returns void as $$
+begin
+    begin
+        raise exception 'user exception';
+    exception when others then
+	    raise notice 'caught exception % %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+	    begin
+	        raise notice '% %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+	        perform 10/0;
+        exception
+            when substring_error then
+                -- this exception handler shouldn't be invoked
+                raise notice 'unexpected exception: % %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+	        when division_by_zero then
+	            raise notice 'caught exception % %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+	    end;
+	    raise notice '% %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+    end;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+select excpt_test3();
+
+create function excpt_test4() returns text as $$
+begin
+	begin perform 1/0;
+	exception when others then return sqlerrm; end;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+select excpt_test4();
+
+drop function excpt_test1();
+drop function excpt_test2();
+drop function excpt_test3();
+drop function excpt_test4();
+
+-- parameters of raise stmt can be expressions
+create function raise_exprs() returns void as $$
+declare
+    a integer[] = '{10,20,30}';
+    c varchar = 'xyz';
+    i integer;
+begin
+    i := 2;
+    raise notice '%; %; %; %; %; %', a, a[i], c, (select c || 'abc'), row(10,'aaa',NULL,30), NULL;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_exprs();
+drop function raise_exprs();
+
+-- regression test: verify that multiple uses of same plpgsql datum within
+-- a SQL command all get mapped to the same $n parameter.  The return value
+-- of the SELECT is not important, we only care that it doesn't fail with
+-- a complaint about an ungrouped column reference.
+create function multi_datum_use(p1 int) returns bool as $$
+declare
+  x int;
+  y int;
+begin
+  select into x,y unique1/p1, unique1/$1 from tenk1 group by unique1/p1;
+  return x = y;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select multi_datum_use(42);
+
+--
+-- Test STRICT limiter in both planned and EXECUTE invocations.
+-- Note that a data-modifying query is quasi strict (disallow multi rows)
+-- by default in the planned case, but not in EXECUTE.
+--
+
+create temp table foo (f1 int, f2 int);
+
+insert into foo values (1,2), (3,4);
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should work
+  insert into foo values(5,6) returning * into x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should fail due to implicit strict
+  insert into foo values(7,8),(9,10) returning * into x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should work
+  execute 'insert into foo values(5,6) returning *' into x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- this should work since EXECUTE isn't as picky
+  execute 'insert into foo values(7,8),(9,10) returning *' into x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+select * from foo;
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should work
+  select * from foo where f1 = 3 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should fail, no rows
+  select * from foo where f1 = 0 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should fail, too many rows
+  select * from foo where f1 > 3 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should work
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 = 3' into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should fail, no rows
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 = 0' into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- should fail, too many rows
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 > 3' into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+drop function stricttest();
+
+-- test printing parameters after failure due to STRICT
+
+set plpgsql.print_strict_params to true;
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare
+x record;
+p1 int := 2;
+p3 text := 'foo';
+begin
+  -- no rows
+  select * from foo where f1 = p1 and f1::text = p3 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare
+x record;
+p1 int := 2;
+p3 text := $a$'Valame Dios!' dijo Sancho; 'no le dije yo a vuestra merced que mirase bien lo que hacia?'$a$;
+begin
+  -- no rows
+  select * from foo where f1 = p1 and f1::text = p3 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare
+x record;
+p1 int := 2;
+p3 text := 'foo';
+begin
+  -- too many rows
+  select * from foo where f1 > p1 or f1::text = p3  into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- too many rows, no params
+  select * from foo where f1 > 3 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- no rows
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 = $1 or f1::text = $2' using 0, 'foo' into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- too many rows
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 > $1' using 1 into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+declare x record;
+begin
+  -- too many rows, no parameters
+  execute 'select * from foo where f1 > 3' into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+-- override the global
+#print_strict_params off
+declare
+x record;
+p1 int := 2;
+p3 text := 'foo';
+begin
+  -- too many rows
+  select * from foo where f1 > p1 or f1::text = p3  into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+reset plpgsql.print_strict_params;
+
+create or replace function stricttest() returns void as $$
+-- override the global
+#print_strict_params on
+declare
+x record;
+p1 int := 2;
+p3 text := 'foo';
+begin
+  -- too many rows
+  select * from foo where f1 > p1 or f1::text = p3  into strict x;
+  raise notice 'x.f1 = %, x.f2 = %', x.f1, x.f2;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stricttest();
+
+-- test warnings and errors
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'all';
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'none';
+set plpgsql.extra_errors to 'all';
+set plpgsql.extra_errors to 'none';
+
+-- test warnings when shadowing a variable
+
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'shadowed_variables';
+
+-- simple shadowing of input and output parameters
+create or replace function shadowtest(in1 int)
+	returns table (out1 int) as $$
+declare
+in1 int;
+out1 int;
+begin
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select shadowtest(1);
+
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'shadowed_variables';
+select shadowtest(1);
+create or replace function shadowtest(in1 int)
+	returns table (out1 int) as $$
+declare
+in1 int;
+out1 int;
+begin
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+select shadowtest(1);
+drop function shadowtest(int);
+
+-- shadowing in a second DECLARE block
+create or replace function shadowtest()
+	returns void as $$
+declare
+f1 int;
+begin
+	declare
+	f1 int;
+	begin
+	end;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+drop function shadowtest();
+
+-- several levels of shadowing
+create or replace function shadowtest(in1 int)
+	returns void as $$
+declare
+in1 int;
+begin
+	declare
+	in1 int;
+	begin
+	end;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+drop function shadowtest(int);
+
+-- shadowing in cursor definitions
+create or replace function shadowtest()
+	returns void as $$
+declare
+f1 int;
+c1 cursor (f1 int) for select 1;
+begin
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+drop function shadowtest();
+
+-- test errors when shadowing a variable
+
+set plpgsql.extra_errors to 'shadowed_variables';
+
+create or replace function shadowtest(f1 int)
+	returns boolean as $$
+declare f1 int; begin return 1; end $$ language plpgsql;
+
+select shadowtest(1);
+
+reset plpgsql.extra_errors;
+reset plpgsql.extra_warnings;
+
+create or replace function shadowtest(f1 int)
+	returns boolean as $$
+declare f1 int; begin return 1; end $$ language plpgsql;
+
+select shadowtest(1);
+
+-- runtime extra checks
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'too_many_rows';
+
+do $$
+declare x int;
+begin
+  select v from generate_series(1,2) g(v) into x;
+end;
+$$;
+
+set plpgsql.extra_errors to 'too_many_rows';
+
+do $$
+declare x int;
+begin
+  select v from generate_series(1,2) g(v) into x;
+end;
+$$;
+
+reset plpgsql.extra_errors;
+reset plpgsql.extra_warnings;
+
+set plpgsql.extra_warnings to 'strict_multi_assignment';
+
+do $$
+declare
+  x int;
+  y int;
+begin
+  select 1 into x, y;
+  select 1,2 into x, y;
+  select 1,2,3 into x, y;
+end
+$$;
+
+set plpgsql.extra_errors to 'strict_multi_assignment';
+
+do $$
+declare
+  x int;
+  y int;
+begin
+  select 1 into x, y;
+  select 1,2 into x, y;
+  select 1,2,3 into x, y;
+end
+$$;
+
+create table test_01(a int, b int, c int);
+
+alter table test_01 drop column a;
+
+-- the check is active only when source table is not empty
+insert into test_01 values(10,20);
+
+do $$
+declare
+  x int;
+  y int;
+begin
+  select * from test_01 into x, y; -- should be ok
+  raise notice 'ok';
+  select * from test_01 into x;    -- should to fail
+end;
+$$;
+
+do $$
+declare
+  t test_01;
+begin
+  select 1, 2 into t;  -- should be ok
+  raise notice 'ok';
+  select 1, 2, 3 into t; -- should fail;
+end;
+$$;
+
+do $$
+declare
+  t test_01;
+begin
+  select 1 into t; -- should fail;
+end;
+$$;
+
+drop table test_01;
+
+reset plpgsql.extra_errors;
+reset plpgsql.extra_warnings;
+
+-- test scrollable cursor support
+
+create function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c scroll cursor for select f1 from int4_tbl;
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c;
+  fetch last from c into x;
+  while found loop
+    return next x;
+    fetch prior from c into x;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from sc_test();
+
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c no scroll cursor for select f1 from int4_tbl;
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c;
+  fetch last from c into x;
+  while found loop
+    return next x;
+    fetch prior from c into x;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from sc_test();  -- fails because of NO SCROLL specification
+
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor;
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c scroll for select f1 from int4_tbl;
+  fetch last from c into x;
+  while found loop
+    return next x;
+    fetch prior from c into x;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from sc_test();
+
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor;
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c scroll for execute 'select f1 from int4_tbl';
+  fetch last from c into x;
+  while found loop
+    return next x;
+    fetch relative -2 from c into x;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from sc_test();
+
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor;
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c scroll for execute 'select f1 from int4_tbl';
+  fetch last from c into x;
+  while found loop
+    return next x;
+    move backward 2 from c;
+    fetch relative -1 from c into x;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from sc_test();
+
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c cursor for select * from generate_series(1, 10);
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c;
+  loop
+      move relative 2 in c;
+      if not found then
+          exit;
+      end if;
+      fetch next from c into x;
+      if found then
+          return next x;
+      end if;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from sc_test();
+
+create or replace function sc_test() returns setof integer as $$
+declare
+  c cursor for select * from generate_series(1, 10);
+  x integer;
+begin
+  open c;
+  move forward all in c;
+  fetch backward from c into x;
+  if found then
+    return next x;
+  end if;
+  close c;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from sc_test();
+
+drop function sc_test();
+
+-- test qualified variable names
+
+create function pl_qual_names (param1 int) returns void as $$
+<<outerblock>>
+declare
+  param1 int := 1;
+begin
+  <<innerblock>>
+  declare
+    param1 int := 2;
+  begin
+    raise notice 'param1 = %', param1;
+    raise notice 'pl_qual_names.param1 = %', pl_qual_names.param1;
+    raise notice 'outerblock.param1 = %', outerblock.param1;
+    raise notice 'innerblock.param1 = %', innerblock.param1;
+  end;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select pl_qual_names(42);
+
+drop function pl_qual_names(int);
+
+-- tests for RETURN QUERY
+create function ret_query1(out int, out int) returns setof record as $$
+begin
+    $1 := -1;
+    $2 := -2;
+    return next;
+    return query select x + 1, x * 10 from generate_series(0, 10) s (x);
+    return next;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from ret_query1();
+
+create type record_type as (x text, y int, z boolean);
+
+create or replace function ret_query2(lim int) returns setof record_type as $$
+begin
+    return query select md5(s.x::text), s.x, s.x > 0
+                 from generate_series(-8, lim) s (x) where s.x % 2 = 0;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from ret_query2(8);
+
+-- test EXECUTE USING
+create function exc_using(int, text) returns int as $$
+declare i int;
+begin
+  for i in execute 'select * from generate_series(1,$1)' using $1+1 loop
+    raise notice '%', i;
+  end loop;
+  execute 'select $2 + $2*3 + length($1)' into i using $2,$1;
+  return i;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select exc_using(5, 'foobar');
+
+drop function exc_using(int, text);
+
+create or replace function exc_using(int) returns void as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor;
+  i int;
+begin
+  open c for execute 'select * from generate_series(1,$1)' using $1+1;
+  loop
+    fetch c into i;
+    exit when not found;
+    raise notice '%', i;
+  end loop;
+  close c;
+  return;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select exc_using(5);
+
+drop function exc_using(int);
+
+-- test FOR-over-cursor
+
+create or replace function forc01() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c cursor(r1 integer, r2 integer)
+       for select * from generate_series(r1,r2) i;
+  c2 cursor
+       for select * from generate_series(41,43) i;
+begin
+  for r in c(5,7) loop
+    raise notice '% from %', r.i, c;
+  end loop;
+  -- again, to test if cursor was closed properly
+  for r in c(9,10) loop
+    raise notice '% from %', r.i, c;
+  end loop;
+  -- and test a parameterless cursor
+  for r in c2 loop
+    raise notice '% from %', r.i, c2;
+  end loop;
+  -- and try it with a hand-assigned name
+  raise notice 'after loop, c2 = %', c2;
+  c2 := 'special_name';
+  for r in c2 loop
+    raise notice '% from %', r.i, c2;
+  end loop;
+  raise notice 'after loop, c2 = %', c2;
+  -- and try it with a generated name
+  -- (which we can't show in the output because it's variable)
+  c2 := null;
+  for r in c2 loop
+    raise notice '%', r.i;
+  end loop;
+  raise notice 'after loop, c2 = %', c2;
+  return;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select forc01();
+
+-- try updating the cursor's current row
+
+create temp table forc_test as
+  select n as i, n as j from generate_series(1,10) n;
+
+create or replace function forc01() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c cursor for select * from forc_test;
+begin
+  for r in c loop
+    raise notice '%, %', r.i, r.j;
+    update forc_test set i = i * 100, j = r.j * 2 where current of c;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select forc01();
+
+select * from forc_test;
+
+-- same, with a cursor whose portal name doesn't match variable name
+create or replace function forc01() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor := 'fooled_ya';
+  r record;
+begin
+  open c for select * from forc_test;
+  loop
+    fetch c into r;
+    exit when not found;
+    raise notice '%, %', r.i, r.j;
+    update forc_test set i = i * 100, j = r.j * 2 where current of c;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select forc01();
+
+select * from forc_test;
+
+drop function forc01();
+
+-- fail because cursor has no query bound to it
+
+create or replace function forc_bad() returns void as $$
+declare
+  c refcursor;
+begin
+  for r in c loop
+    raise notice '%', r.i;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- test RETURN QUERY EXECUTE
+
+create or replace function return_dquery()
+returns setof int as $$
+begin
+  return query execute 'select * from (values(10),(20)) f';
+  return query execute 'select * from (values($1),($2)) f' using 40,50;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from return_dquery();
+
+drop function return_dquery();
+
+-- test RETURN QUERY with dropped columns
+
+create table tabwithcols(a int, b int, c int, d int);
+insert into tabwithcols values(10,20,30,40),(50,60,70,80);
+
+create or replace function returnqueryf()
+returns setof tabwithcols as $$
+begin
+  return query select * from tabwithcols;
+  return query execute 'select * from tabwithcols';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from returnqueryf();
+
+alter table tabwithcols drop column b;
+
+select * from returnqueryf();
+
+alter table tabwithcols drop column d;
+
+select * from returnqueryf();
+
+alter table tabwithcols add column d int;
+
+select * from returnqueryf();
+
+drop function returnqueryf();
+drop table tabwithcols;
+
+--
+-- Tests for composite-type results
+--
+
+create type compostype as (x int, y varchar);
+
+-- test: use of variable of composite type in return statement
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+declare
+  v compostype;
+begin
+  v := (1, 'hello');
+  return v;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select compos();
+
+-- test: use of variable of record type in return statement
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+declare
+  v record;
+begin
+  v := (1, 'hello'::varchar);
+  return v;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select compos();
+
+-- test: use of row expr in return statement
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+begin
+  return (1, 'hello'::varchar);
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select compos();
+
+-- this does not work currently (no implicit casting)
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+begin
+  return (1, 'hello');
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select compos();
+
+-- ... but this does
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+begin
+  return (1, 'hello')::compostype;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select compos();
+
+drop function compos();
+
+-- test: return a row expr as record.
+create or replace function composrec() returns record as $$
+declare
+  v record;
+begin
+  v := (1, 'hello');
+  return v;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select composrec();
+
+-- test: return row expr in return statement.
+create or replace function composrec() returns record as $$
+begin
+  return (1, 'hello');
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select composrec();
+
+drop function composrec();
+
+-- test: row expr in RETURN NEXT statement.
+create or replace function compos() returns setof compostype as $$
+begin
+  for i in 1..3
+  loop
+    return next (1, 'hello'::varchar);
+  end loop;
+  return next null::compostype;
+  return next (2, 'goodbye')::compostype;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from compos();
+
+drop function compos();
+
+-- test: use invalid expr in return statement.
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+begin
+  return 1 + 1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select compos();
+
+-- RETURN variable is a different code path ...
+create or replace function compos() returns compostype as $$
+declare x int := 42;
+begin
+  return x;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from compos();
+
+drop function compos();
+
+-- test: invalid use of composite variable in scalar-returning function
+create or replace function compos() returns int as $$
+declare
+  v compostype;
+begin
+  v := (1, 'hello');
+  return v;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select compos();
+
+-- test: invalid use of composite expression in scalar-returning function
+create or replace function compos() returns int as $$
+begin
+  return (1, 'hello')::compostype;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select compos();
+
+drop function compos();
+drop type compostype;
+
+--
+-- Tests for 8.4's new RAISE features
+--
+
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise notice '% % %', 1, 2, 3
+     using errcode = '55001', detail = 'some detail info', hint = 'some hint';
+  raise '% % %', 1, 2, 3
+     using errcode = 'division_by_zero', detail = 'some detail info';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+-- Since we can't actually see the thrown SQLSTATE in default psql output,
+-- test it like this; this also tests re-RAISE
+
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise 'check me'
+     using errcode = 'division_by_zero', detail = 'some detail info';
+  exception
+    when others then
+      raise notice 'SQLSTATE: % SQLERRM: %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+      raise;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise 'check me'
+     using errcode = '1234F', detail = 'some detail info';
+  exception
+    when others then
+      raise notice 'SQLSTATE: % SQLERRM: %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+      raise;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+-- SQLSTATE specification in WHEN
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise 'check me'
+     using errcode = '1234F', detail = 'some detail info';
+  exception
+    when sqlstate '1234F' then
+      raise notice 'SQLSTATE: % SQLERRM: %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+      raise;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise division_by_zero using detail = 'some detail info';
+  exception
+    when others then
+      raise notice 'SQLSTATE: % SQLERRM: %', sqlstate, sqlerrm;
+      raise;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise division_by_zero;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise sqlstate '1234F';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise division_by_zero using message = 'custom' || ' message';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise using message = 'custom' || ' message', errcode = '22012';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+-- conflict on message
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'some message' using message = 'custom' || ' message', errcode = '22012';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+-- conflict on errcode
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise division_by_zero using message = 'custom' || ' message', errcode = '22012';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+-- nothing to re-RAISE
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+-- test access to exception data
+create function zero_divide() returns int as $$
+declare v int := 0;
+begin
+  return 10 / v;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  raise exception 'custom exception'
+     using detail = 'some detail of custom exception',
+           hint = 'some hint related to custom exception';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function stacked_diagnostics_test() returns void as $$
+declare _sqlstate text;
+        _message text;
+        _context text;
+begin
+  perform zero_divide();
+exception when others then
+  get stacked diagnostics
+        _sqlstate = returned_sqlstate,
+        _message = message_text,
+        _context = pg_exception_context;
+  raise notice 'sqlstate: %, message: %, context: [%]',
+    _sqlstate, _message, replace(_context, E'\n', ' <- ');
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stacked_diagnostics_test();
+
+create or replace function stacked_diagnostics_test() returns void as $$
+declare _detail text;
+        _hint text;
+        _message text;
+begin
+  perform raise_test();
+exception when others then
+  get stacked diagnostics
+        _message = message_text,
+        _detail = pg_exception_detail,
+        _hint = pg_exception_hint;
+  raise notice 'message: %, detail: %, hint: %', _message, _detail, _hint;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stacked_diagnostics_test();
+
+-- fail, cannot use stacked diagnostics statement outside handler
+create or replace function stacked_diagnostics_test() returns void as $$
+declare _detail text;
+        _hint text;
+        _message text;
+begin
+  get stacked diagnostics
+        _message = message_text,
+        _detail = pg_exception_detail,
+        _hint = pg_exception_hint;
+  raise notice 'message: %, detail: %, hint: %', _message, _detail, _hint;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stacked_diagnostics_test();
+
+drop function zero_divide();
+drop function stacked_diagnostics_test();
+
+-- check cases where implicit SQLSTATE variable could be confused with
+-- SQLSTATE as a keyword, cf bug #5524
+create or replace function raise_test() returns void as $$
+begin
+  perform 1/0;
+exception
+  when sqlstate '22012' then
+    raise notice using message = sqlstate;
+    raise sqlstate '22012' using message = 'substitute message';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select raise_test();
+
+drop function raise_test();
+
+-- test passing column_name, constraint_name, datatype_name, table_name
+-- and schema_name error fields
+
+create or replace function stacked_diagnostics_test() returns void as $$
+declare _column_name text;
+        _constraint_name text;
+        _datatype_name text;
+        _table_name text;
+        _schema_name text;
+begin
+  raise exception using
+    column = '>>some column name<<',
+    constraint = '>>some constraint name<<',
+    datatype = '>>some datatype name<<',
+    table = '>>some table name<<',
+    schema = '>>some schema name<<';
+exception when others then
+  get stacked diagnostics
+        _column_name = column_name,
+        _constraint_name = constraint_name,
+        _datatype_name = pg_datatype_name,
+        _table_name = table_name,
+        _schema_name = schema_name;
+  raise notice 'column %, constraint %, type %, table %, schema %',
+    _column_name, _constraint_name, _datatype_name, _table_name, _schema_name;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select stacked_diagnostics_test();
+
+drop function stacked_diagnostics_test();
+
+-- test variadic functions
+
+create or replace function vari(variadic int[])
+returns void as $$
+begin
+  for i in array_lower($1,1)..array_upper($1,1) loop
+    raise notice '%', $1[i];
+  end loop; end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select vari(1,2,3,4,5);
+select vari(3,4,5);
+select vari(variadic array[5,6,7]);
+
+drop function vari(int[]);
+
+-- coercion test
+create or replace function pleast(variadic numeric[])
+returns numeric as $$
+declare aux numeric = $1[array_lower($1,1)];
+begin
+  for i in array_lower($1,1)+1..array_upper($1,1) loop
+    if $1[i] < aux then aux := $1[i]; end if;
+  end loop;
+  return aux;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable strict;
+
+select pleast(10,1,2,3,-16);
+select pleast(10.2,2.2,-1.1);
+select pleast(10.2,10, -20);
+select pleast(10,20, -1.0);
+
+-- in case of conflict, non-variadic version is preferred
+create or replace function pleast(numeric)
+returns numeric as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'non-variadic function called';
+  return $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable strict;
+
+select pleast(10);
+
+drop function pleast(numeric[]);
+drop function pleast(numeric);
+
+-- test table functions
+
+create function tftest(int) returns table(a int, b int) as $$
+begin
+  return query select $1, $1+i from generate_series(1,5) g(i);
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable strict;
+
+select * from tftest(10);
+
+create or replace function tftest(a1 int) returns table(a int, b int) as $$
+begin
+  a := a1; b := a1 + 1;
+  return next;
+  a := a1 * 10; b := a1 * 10 + 1;
+  return next;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql immutable strict;
+
+select * from tftest(10);
+
+drop function tftest(int);
+
+create function rttest()
+returns setof int as $$
+declare rc int;
+begin
+  return query values(10),(20);
+  get diagnostics rc = row_count;
+  raise notice '% %', found, rc;
+  return query select * from (values(10),(20)) f(a) where false;
+  get diagnostics rc = row_count;
+  raise notice '% %', found, rc;
+  return query execute 'values(10),(20)';
+  get diagnostics rc = row_count;
+  raise notice '% %', found, rc;
+  return query execute 'select * from (values(10),(20)) f(a) where false';
+  get diagnostics rc = row_count;
+  raise notice '% %', found, rc;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from rttest();
+
+-- check some error cases, too
+
+create or replace function rttest()
+returns setof int as $$
+begin
+  return query select 10 into no_such_table;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from rttest();
+
+create or replace function rttest()
+returns setof int as $$
+begin
+  return query execute 'select 10 into no_such_table';
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from rttest();
+
+select * from no_such_table;
+
+drop function rttest();
+
+-- Test for proper cleanup at subtransaction exit.  This example
+-- exposed a bug in PG 8.2.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION leaker_1(fail BOOL) RETURNS INTEGER AS $$
+DECLARE
+  v_var INTEGER;
+BEGIN
+  BEGIN
+    v_var := (leaker_2(fail)).error_code;
+  EXCEPTION
+    WHEN others THEN RETURN 0;
+  END;
+  RETURN 1;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION leaker_2(fail BOOL, OUT error_code INTEGER, OUT new_id INTEGER)
+  RETURNS RECORD AS $$
+BEGIN
+  IF fail THEN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION 'fail ...';
+  END IF;
+  error_code := 1;
+  new_id := 1;
+  RETURN;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+SELECT * FROM leaker_1(false);
+SELECT * FROM leaker_1(true);
+
+DROP FUNCTION leaker_1(bool);
+DROP FUNCTION leaker_2(bool);
+
+-- Test for appropriate cleanup of non-simple expression evaluations
+-- (bug in all versions prior to August 2010)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION nonsimple_expr_test() RETURNS text[] AS $$
+DECLARE
+  arr text[];
+  lr text;
+  i integer;
+BEGIN
+  arr := array[array['foo','bar'], array['baz', 'quux']];
+  lr := 'fool';
+  i := 1;
+  -- use sub-SELECTs to make expressions non-simple
+  arr[(SELECT i)][(SELECT i+1)] := (SELECT lr);
+  RETURN arr;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+SELECT nonsimple_expr_test();
+
+DROP FUNCTION nonsimple_expr_test();
+
+CREATE FUNCTION nonsimple_expr_test() RETURNS integer AS $$
+declare
+   i integer NOT NULL := 0;
+begin
+  begin
+    i := (SELECT NULL::integer);  -- should throw error
+  exception
+    WHEN OTHERS THEN
+      i := (SELECT 1::integer);
+  end;
+  return i;
+end;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+SELECT nonsimple_expr_test();
+
+DROP FUNCTION nonsimple_expr_test();
+
+--
+-- Test cases involving recursion and error recovery in simple expressions
+-- (bugs in all versions before October 2010).  The problems are most
+-- easily exposed by mutual recursion between plpgsql and sql functions.
+--
+
+create function recurse(float8) returns float8 as
+$$
+begin
+  if ($1 > 0) then
+    return sql_recurse($1 - 1);
+  else
+    return $1;
+  end if;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- "limit" is to prevent this from being inlined
+create function sql_recurse(float8) returns float8 as
+$$ select recurse($1) limit 1; $$ language sql;
+
+select recurse(10);
+
+create function error1(text) returns text language sql as
+$$ SELECT relname::text FROM pg_class c WHERE c.oid = $1::regclass $$;
+
+create function error2(p_name_table text) returns text language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  return error1(p_name_table);
+end$$;
+
+BEGIN;
+create table public.stuffs (stuff text);
+SAVEPOINT a;
+select error2('nonexistent.stuffs');
+ROLLBACK TO a;
+select error2('public.stuffs');
+rollback;
+
+drop function error2(p_name_table text);
+drop function error1(text);
+
+-- Test for proper handling of cast-expression caching
+
+create function sql_to_date(integer) returns date as $$
+select $1::text::date
+$$ language sql immutable strict;
+
+create cast (integer as date) with function sql_to_date(integer) as assignment;
+
+create function cast_invoker(integer) returns date as $$
+begin
+  return $1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select cast_invoker(20150717);
+select cast_invoker(20150718);  -- second call crashed in pre-release 9.5
+
+begin;
+select cast_invoker(20150717);
+select cast_invoker(20150718);
+savepoint s1;
+select cast_invoker(20150718);
+select cast_invoker(-1); -- fails
+rollback to savepoint s1;
+select cast_invoker(20150719);
+select cast_invoker(20150720);
+commit;
+
+drop function cast_invoker(integer);
+drop function sql_to_date(integer) cascade;
+
+-- Test handling of cast cache inside DO blocks
+-- (to check the original crash case, this must be a cast not previously
+-- used in this session)
+
+begin;
+do $$ declare x text[]; begin x := '{1.23, 4.56}'::numeric[]; end $$;
+do $$ declare x text[]; begin x := '{1.23, 4.56}'::numeric[]; end $$;
+end;
+
+-- Test for consistent reporting of error context
+
+create function fail() returns int language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  return 1/0;
+end
+$$;
+
+select fail();
+select fail();
+
+drop function fail();
+
+-- Test handling of string literals.
+
+set standard_conforming_strings = off;
+
+create or replace function strtest() returns text as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'foo\\bar\041baz';
+  return 'foo\\bar\041baz';
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select strtest();
+
+create or replace function strtest() returns text as $$
+begin
+  raise notice E'foo\\bar\041baz';
+  return E'foo\\bar\041baz';
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select strtest();
+
+set standard_conforming_strings = on;
+
+create or replace function strtest() returns text as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'foo\\bar\041baz\';
+  return 'foo\\bar\041baz\';
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select strtest();
+
+create or replace function strtest() returns text as $$
+begin
+  raise notice E'foo\\bar\041baz';
+  return E'foo\\bar\041baz';
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select strtest();
+
+drop function strtest();
+
+-- Test anonymous code blocks.
+
+DO $$
+DECLARE r record;
+BEGIN
+    FOR r IN SELECT rtrim(roomno) AS roomno, comment FROM Room ORDER BY roomno
+    LOOP
+        RAISE NOTICE '%, %', r.roomno, r.comment;
+    END LOOP;
+END$$;
+
+-- these are to check syntax error reporting
+DO LANGUAGE plpgsql $$begin return 1; end$$;
+
+DO $$
+DECLARE r record;
+BEGIN
+    FOR r IN SELECT rtrim(roomno) AS roomno, foo FROM Room ORDER BY roomno
+    LOOP
+        RAISE NOTICE '%, %', r.roomno, r.comment;
+    END LOOP;
+END$$;
+
+-- Check handling of errors thrown from/into anonymous code blocks.
+do $outer$
+begin
+  for i in 1..10 loop
+   begin
+    execute $ex$
+      do $$
+      declare x int = 0;
+      begin
+        x := 1 / x;
+      end;
+      $$;
+    $ex$;
+  exception when division_by_zero then
+    raise notice 'caught division by zero';
+  end;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$outer$;
+
+-- Check variable scoping -- a var is not available in its own or prior
+-- default expressions, but it is available in later ones.
+
+do $$
+declare x int := x + 1;  -- error
+begin
+  raise notice 'x = %', x;
+end;
+$$;
+
+do $$
+declare y int := x + 1;  -- error
+        x int := 42;
+begin
+  raise notice 'x = %, y = %', x, y;
+end;
+$$;
+
+do $$
+declare x int := 42;
+        y int := x + 1;
+begin
+  raise notice 'x = %, y = %', x, y;
+end;
+$$;
+
+do $$
+declare x int := 42;
+begin
+  declare y int := x + 1;
+          x int := x + 2;
+          z int := x * 10;
+  begin
+    raise notice 'x = %, y = %, z = %', x, y, z;
+  end;
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- Check handling of conflicts between plpgsql vars and table columns.
+
+set plpgsql.variable_conflict = error;
+
+create function conflict_test() returns setof int8_tbl as $$
+declare r record;
+  q1 bigint := 42;
+begin
+  for r in select q1,q2 from int8_tbl loop
+    return next r;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from conflict_test();
+
+create or replace function conflict_test() returns setof int8_tbl as $$
+#variable_conflict use_variable
+declare r record;
+  q1 bigint := 42;
+begin
+  for r in select q1,q2 from int8_tbl loop
+    return next r;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from conflict_test();
+
+create or replace function conflict_test() returns setof int8_tbl as $$
+#variable_conflict use_column
+declare r record;
+  q1 bigint := 42;
+begin
+  for r in select q1,q2 from int8_tbl loop
+    return next r;
+  end loop;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select * from conflict_test();
+
+drop function conflict_test();
+
+-- Check that an unreserved keyword can be used as a variable name
+
+create function unreserved_test() returns int as $$
+declare
+  forward int := 21;
+begin
+  forward := forward * 2;
+  return forward;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select unreserved_test();
+
+create or replace function unreserved_test() returns int as $$
+declare
+  return int := 42;
+begin
+  return := return + 1;
+  return return;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select unreserved_test();
+
+create or replace function unreserved_test() returns int as $$
+declare
+  comment int := 21;
+begin
+  comment := comment * 2;
+  comment on function unreserved_test() is 'this is a test';
+  return comment;
+end
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select unreserved_test();
+
+select obj_description('unreserved_test()'::regprocedure, 'pg_proc');
+
+drop function unreserved_test();
+
+--
+-- Test FOREACH over arrays
+--
+
+create function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x int;
+begin
+  foreach x in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', x;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[1,2,3,4]);
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]]);
+
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x int;
+begin
+  foreach x slice 1 in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', x;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- should fail
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[1,2,3,4]);
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]]);
+
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x int[];
+begin
+  foreach x slice 1 in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', x;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[1,2,3,4]);
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]]);
+
+-- higher level of slicing
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x int[];
+begin
+  foreach x slice 2 in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', x;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- should fail
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[1,2,3,4]);
+-- ok
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]]);
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[[1,2]],[[3,4]]]);
+
+create type xy_tuple AS (x int, y int);
+
+-- iteration over array of records
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare r record;
+begin
+  foreach r in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', r;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[(10,20),(40,69),(35,78)]::xy_tuple[]);
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[(10,20),(40,69)],[(35,78),(88,76)]]::xy_tuple[]);
+
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x int; y int;
+begin
+  foreach x, y in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice 'x = %, y = %', x, y;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[(10,20),(40,69),(35,78)]::xy_tuple[]);
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[(10,20),(40,69)],[(35,78),(88,76)]]::xy_tuple[]);
+
+-- slicing over array of composite types
+create or replace function foreach_test(anyarray)
+returns void as $$
+declare x xy_tuple[];
+begin
+  foreach x slice 1 in array $1
+  loop
+    raise notice '%', x;
+  end loop;
+  end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[(10,20),(40,69),(35,78)]::xy_tuple[]);
+select foreach_test(ARRAY[[(10,20),(40,69)],[(35,78),(88,76)]]::xy_tuple[]);
+
+drop function foreach_test(anyarray);
+drop type xy_tuple;
+
+--
+-- Assorted tests for array subscript assignment
+--
+
+create temp table rtype (id int, ar text[]);
+
+create function arrayassign1() returns text[] language plpgsql as $$
+declare
+ r record;
+begin
+  r := row(12, '{foo,bar,baz}')::rtype;
+  r.ar[2] := 'replace';
+  return r.ar;
+end$$;
+
+select arrayassign1();
+select arrayassign1(); -- try again to exercise internal caching
+
+create domain orderedarray as int[2]
+  constraint sorted check (value[1] < value[2]);
+
+select '{1,2}'::orderedarray;
+select '{2,1}'::orderedarray;  -- fail
+
+create function testoa(x1 int, x2 int, x3 int) returns orderedarray
+language plpgsql as $$
+declare res orderedarray;
+begin
+  res := array[x1, x2];
+  res[2] := x3;
+  return res;
+end$$;
+
+select testoa(1,2,3);
+select testoa(1,2,3); -- try again to exercise internal caching
+select testoa(2,1,3); -- fail at initial assign
+select testoa(1,2,1); -- fail at update
+
+drop function arrayassign1();
+drop function testoa(x1 int, x2 int, x3 int);
+
+
+--
+-- Test handling of expanded arrays
+--
+
+create function returns_rw_array(int) returns int[]
+language plpgsql as $$
+  declare r int[];
+  begin r := array[$1, $1]; return r; end;
+$$ stable;
+
+create function consumes_rw_array(int[]) returns int
+language plpgsql as $$
+  begin return $1[1]; end;
+$$ stable;
+
+select consumes_rw_array(returns_rw_array(42));
+
+-- bug #14174
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select i, a from
+  (select returns_rw_array(1) as a offset 0) ss,
+  lateral consumes_rw_array(a) i;
+
+select i, a from
+  (select returns_rw_array(1) as a offset 0) ss,
+  lateral consumes_rw_array(a) i;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select consumes_rw_array(a), a from returns_rw_array(1) a;
+
+select consumes_rw_array(a), a from returns_rw_array(1) a;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select consumes_rw_array(a), a from
+  (values (returns_rw_array(1)), (returns_rw_array(2))) v(a);
+
+select consumes_rw_array(a), a from
+  (values (returns_rw_array(1)), (returns_rw_array(2))) v(a);
+
+do $$
+declare a int[] := array[1,2];
+begin
+  a := a || 3;
+  raise notice 'a = %', a;
+end$$;
+
+
+--
+-- Test access to call stack
+--
+
+create function inner_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare _context text;
+begin
+  get diagnostics _context = pg_context;
+  raise notice '***%***', _context;
+  -- lets do it again, just for fun..
+  get diagnostics _context = pg_context;
+  raise notice '***%***', _context;
+  raise notice 'lets make sure we didnt break anything';
+  return 2 * $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create or replace function outer_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare
+  myresult int;
+begin
+  raise notice 'calling down into inner_func()';
+  myresult := inner_func($1);
+  raise notice 'inner_func() done';
+  return myresult;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create or replace function outer_outer_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare
+  myresult int;
+begin
+  raise notice 'calling down into outer_func()';
+  myresult := outer_func($1);
+  raise notice 'outer_func() done';
+  return myresult;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select outer_outer_func(10);
+-- repeated call should to work
+select outer_outer_func(20);
+
+drop function outer_outer_func(int);
+drop function outer_func(int);
+drop function inner_func(int);
+
+-- access to call stack from exception
+create function inner_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare
+  _context text;
+  sx int := 5;
+begin
+  begin
+    perform sx / 0;
+  exception
+    when division_by_zero then
+      get diagnostics _context = pg_context;
+      raise notice '***%***', _context;
+  end;
+
+  -- lets do it again, just for fun..
+  get diagnostics _context = pg_context;
+  raise notice '***%***', _context;
+  raise notice 'lets make sure we didnt break anything';
+  return 2 * $1;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create or replace function outer_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare
+  myresult int;
+begin
+  raise notice 'calling down into inner_func()';
+  myresult := inner_func($1);
+  raise notice 'inner_func() done';
+  return myresult;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create or replace function outer_outer_func(int)
+returns int as $$
+declare
+  myresult int;
+begin
+  raise notice 'calling down into outer_func()';
+  myresult := outer_func($1);
+  raise notice 'outer_func() done';
+  return myresult;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+
+select outer_outer_func(10);
+-- repeated call should to work
+select outer_outer_func(20);
+
+drop function outer_outer_func(int);
+drop function outer_func(int);
+drop function inner_func(int);
+
+--
+-- Test ASSERT
+--
+
+do $$
+begin
+  assert 1=1;  -- should succeed
+end;
+$$;
+
+do $$
+begin
+  assert 1=0;  -- should fail
+end;
+$$;
+
+do $$
+begin
+  assert NULL;  -- should fail
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- check controlling GUC
+set plpgsql.check_asserts = off;
+do $$
+begin
+  assert 1=0;  -- won't be tested
+end;
+$$;
+reset plpgsql.check_asserts;
+
+-- test custom message
+do $$
+declare var text := 'some value';
+begin
+  assert 1=0, format('assertion failed, var = "%s"', var);
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- ensure assertions are not trapped by 'others'
+do $$
+begin
+  assert 1=0, 'unhandled assertion';
+exception when others then
+  null; -- do nothing
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- Test use of plpgsql in a domain check constraint (cf. bug #14414)
+
+create function plpgsql_domain_check(val int) returns boolean as $$
+begin return val > 0; end
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+
+create domain plpgsql_domain as integer check(plpgsql_domain_check(value));
+
+do $$
+declare v_test plpgsql_domain;
+begin
+  v_test := 1;
+end;
+$$;
+
+do $$
+declare v_test plpgsql_domain := 1;
+begin
+  v_test := 0;  -- fail
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- Test handling of expanded array passed to a domain constraint (bug #14472)
+
+create function plpgsql_arr_domain_check(val int[]) returns boolean as $$
+begin return val[1] > 0; end
+$$ language plpgsql immutable;
+
+create domain plpgsql_arr_domain as int[] check(plpgsql_arr_domain_check(value));
+
+do $$
+declare v_test plpgsql_arr_domain;
+begin
+  v_test := array[1];
+  v_test := v_test || 2;
+end;
+$$;
+
+do $$
+declare v_test plpgsql_arr_domain := array[1];
+begin
+  v_test := 0 || v_test;  -- fail
+end;
+$$;
+
+--
+-- test usage of transition tables in AFTER triggers
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE transition_table_base (id int PRIMARY KEY, val text);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION transition_table_base_ins_func()
+  RETURNS trigger
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE
+  t text;
+  l text;
+BEGIN
+  t = '';
+  FOR l IN EXECUTE
+           $q$
+             EXPLAIN (TIMING off, COSTS off, VERBOSE on)
+             SELECT * FROM newtable
+           $q$ LOOP
+    t = t || l || E'\n';
+  END LOOP;
+
+  RAISE INFO '%', t;
+  RETURN new;
+END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_base_ins_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON transition_table_base
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS oldtable NEW TABLE AS newtable
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE transition_table_base_ins_func();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_base_ins_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON transition_table_base
+  REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS newtable
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE transition_table_base_ins_func();
+
+INSERT INTO transition_table_base VALUES (1, 'One'), (2, 'Two');
+INSERT INTO transition_table_base VALUES (3, 'Three'), (4, 'Four');
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION transition_table_base_upd_func()
+  RETURNS trigger
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+DECLARE
+  t text;
+  l text;
+BEGIN
+  t = '';
+  FOR l IN EXECUTE
+           $q$
+             EXPLAIN (TIMING off, COSTS off, VERBOSE on)
+             SELECT * FROM oldtable ot FULL JOIN newtable nt USING (id)
+           $q$ LOOP
+    t = t || l || E'\n';
+  END LOOP;
+
+  RAISE INFO '%', t;
+  RETURN new;
+END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_base_upd_trig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON transition_table_base
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS oldtable NEW TABLE AS newtable
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE transition_table_base_upd_func();
+
+UPDATE transition_table_base
+  SET val = '*' || val || '*'
+  WHERE id BETWEEN 2 AND 3;
+
+CREATE TABLE transition_table_level1
+(
+      level1_no serial NOT NULL ,
+      level1_node_name varchar(255),
+       PRIMARY KEY (level1_no)
+) WITHOUT OIDS;
+
+CREATE TABLE transition_table_level2
+(
+      level2_no serial NOT NULL ,
+      parent_no int NOT NULL,
+      level1_node_name varchar(255),
+       PRIMARY KEY (level2_no)
+) WITHOUT OIDS;
+
+CREATE TABLE transition_table_status
+(
+      level int NOT NULL,
+      node_no int NOT NULL,
+      status int,
+       PRIMARY KEY (level, node_no)
+) WITHOUT OIDS;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION transition_table_level1_ri_parent_del_func()
+  RETURNS TRIGGER
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+  DECLARE n bigint;
+  BEGIN
+    PERFORM FROM p JOIN transition_table_level2 c ON c.parent_no = p.level1_no;
+    IF FOUND THEN
+      RAISE EXCEPTION 'RI error';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_level1_ri_parent_del_trigger
+  AFTER DELETE ON transition_table_level1
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS p
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    transition_table_level1_ri_parent_del_func();
+
+CREATE FUNCTION transition_table_level1_ri_parent_upd_func()
+  RETURNS TRIGGER
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+  DECLARE
+    x int;
+  BEGIN
+    WITH p AS (SELECT level1_no, sum(delta) cnt
+                 FROM (SELECT level1_no, 1 AS delta FROM i
+                       UNION ALL
+                       SELECT level1_no, -1 AS delta FROM d) w
+                 GROUP BY level1_no
+                 HAVING sum(delta) < 0)
+    SELECT level1_no
+      FROM p JOIN transition_table_level2 c ON c.parent_no = p.level1_no
+      INTO x;
+    IF FOUND THEN
+      RAISE EXCEPTION 'RI error';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_level1_ri_parent_upd_trigger
+  AFTER UPDATE ON transition_table_level1
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS d NEW TABLE AS i
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    transition_table_level1_ri_parent_upd_func();
+
+CREATE FUNCTION transition_table_level2_ri_child_insupd_func()
+  RETURNS TRIGGER
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    PERFORM FROM i
+      LEFT JOIN transition_table_level1 p
+        ON p.level1_no IS NOT NULL AND p.level1_no = i.parent_no
+      WHERE p.level1_no IS NULL;
+    IF FOUND THEN
+      RAISE EXCEPTION 'RI error';
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_level2_ri_child_ins_trigger
+  AFTER INSERT ON transition_table_level2
+  REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS i
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    transition_table_level2_ri_child_insupd_func();
+
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_level2_ri_child_upd_trigger
+  AFTER UPDATE ON transition_table_level2
+  REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS i
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    transition_table_level2_ri_child_insupd_func();
+
+-- create initial test data
+INSERT INTO transition_table_level1 (level1_no)
+  SELECT generate_series(1,200);
+ANALYZE transition_table_level1;
+
+INSERT INTO transition_table_level2 (level2_no, parent_no)
+  SELECT level2_no, level2_no / 50 + 1 AS parent_no
+    FROM generate_series(1,9999) level2_no;
+ANALYZE transition_table_level2;
+
+INSERT INTO transition_table_status (level, node_no, status)
+  SELECT 1, level1_no, 0 FROM transition_table_level1;
+
+INSERT INTO transition_table_status (level, node_no, status)
+  SELECT 2, level2_no, 0 FROM transition_table_level2;
+ANALYZE transition_table_status;
+
+INSERT INTO transition_table_level1(level1_no)
+  SELECT generate_series(201,1000);
+ANALYZE transition_table_level1;
+
+-- behave reasonably if someone tries to modify a transition table
+CREATE FUNCTION transition_table_level2_bad_usage_func()
+  RETURNS TRIGGER
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    INSERT INTO dx VALUES (1000000, 1000000, 'x');
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER transition_table_level2_bad_usage_trigger
+  AFTER DELETE ON transition_table_level2
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS dx
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    transition_table_level2_bad_usage_func();
+
+DELETE FROM transition_table_level2
+  WHERE level2_no BETWEEN 301 AND 305;
+
+DROP TRIGGER transition_table_level2_bad_usage_trigger
+  ON transition_table_level2;
+
+-- attempt modifications which would break RI (should all fail)
+DELETE FROM transition_table_level1
+  WHERE level1_no = 25;
+
+UPDATE transition_table_level1 SET level1_no = -1
+  WHERE level1_no = 30;
+
+INSERT INTO transition_table_level2 (level2_no, parent_no)
+  VALUES (10000, 10000);
+
+UPDATE transition_table_level2 SET parent_no = 2000
+  WHERE level2_no = 40;
+
+
+-- attempt modifications which would not break RI (should all succeed)
+DELETE FROM transition_table_level1
+  WHERE level1_no BETWEEN 201 AND 1000;
+
+DELETE FROM transition_table_level1
+  WHERE level1_no BETWEEN 100000000 AND 100000010;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM transition_table_level1;
+
+DELETE FROM transition_table_level2
+  WHERE level2_no BETWEEN 211 AND 220;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM transition_table_level2;
+
+CREATE TABLE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+(
+  id int PRIMARY KEY,
+  name text
+);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION alter_table_under_transition_tables_upd_func()
+  RETURNS TRIGGER
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE WARNING 'old table = %, new table = %',
+                  (SELECT string_agg(id || '=' || name, ',') FROM d),
+                  (SELECT string_agg(id || '=' || name, ',') FROM i);
+  RAISE NOTICE 'one = %', (SELECT 1 FROM alter_table_under_transition_tables LIMIT 1);
+  RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$;
+
+-- should fail, TRUNCATE is not compatible with transition tables
+CREATE TRIGGER alter_table_under_transition_tables_upd_trigger
+  AFTER TRUNCATE OR UPDATE ON alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS d NEW TABLE AS i
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    alter_table_under_transition_tables_upd_func();
+
+-- should work
+CREATE TRIGGER alter_table_under_transition_tables_upd_trigger
+  AFTER UPDATE ON alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS d NEW TABLE AS i
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE
+    alter_table_under_transition_tables_upd_func();
+
+INSERT INTO alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  VALUES (1, '1'), (2, '2'), (3, '3');
+UPDATE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  SET name = name || name;
+
+-- now change 'name' to an integer to see what happens...
+ALTER TABLE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  ALTER COLUMN name TYPE int USING name::integer;
+UPDATE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  SET name = (name::text || name::text)::integer;
+
+-- now drop column 'name'
+ALTER TABLE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  DROP column name;
+UPDATE alter_table_under_transition_tables
+  SET id = id;
+
+--
+-- Test multiple reference to a transition table
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE multi_test (i int);
+INSERT INTO multi_test VALUES (1);
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION multi_test_trig() RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+    RAISE NOTICE 'count = %', (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM new_test);
+    RAISE NOTICE 'count union = %',
+      (SELECT COUNT(*)
+       FROM (SELECT * FROM new_test UNION ALL SELECT * FROM new_test) ss);
+    RETURN NULL;
+END$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER my_trigger AFTER UPDATE ON multi_test
+  REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS new_test OLD TABLE as old_test
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE multi_test_trig();
+
+UPDATE multi_test SET i = i;
+
+DROP TABLE multi_test;
+DROP FUNCTION multi_test_trig();
+
+--
+-- Check type parsing and record fetching from partitioned tables
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE partitioned_table (a int, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE pt_part1 PARTITION OF partitioned_table FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE pt_part2 PARTITION OF partitioned_table FOR VALUES IN (2);
+
+INSERT INTO partitioned_table VALUES (1, 'Row 1');
+INSERT INTO partitioned_table VALUES (2, 'Row 2');
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_from_partitioned_table(partitioned_table.a%type)
+RETURNS partitioned_table AS $$
+DECLARE
+    a_val partitioned_table.a%TYPE;
+    result partitioned_table%ROWTYPE;
+BEGIN
+    a_val := $1;
+    SELECT * INTO result FROM partitioned_table WHERE a = a_val;
+    RETURN result;
+END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+SELECT * FROM get_from_partitioned_table(1) AS t;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION list_partitioned_table()
+RETURNS SETOF partitioned_table.a%TYPE AS $$
+DECLARE
+    row partitioned_table%ROWTYPE;
+    a_val partitioned_table.a%TYPE;
+BEGIN
+    FOR row IN SELECT * FROM partitioned_table ORDER BY a LOOP
+        a_val := row.a;
+        RETURN NEXT a_val;
+    END LOOP;
+    RETURN;
+END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+SELECT * FROM list_partitioned_table() AS t;
+
+--
+-- Check argument name is used instead of $n in error message
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION fx(x WSlot) RETURNS void AS $$
+BEGIN
+  GET DIAGNOSTICS x = ROW_COUNT;
+  RETURN;
+END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/point.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/point.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..435ff4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/point.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+--
+-- POINT
+--
+
+-- avoid bit-exact output here because operations may not be bit-exact.
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+
+-- point_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdfasdf');
+
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0 10.0)');
+
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0, 10.0) x');
+
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0,10.0');
+
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(10.0, 1e+500)');	-- Out of range
+
+
+SELECT * FROM POINT_TBL;
+
+-- left of
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1 << '(0.0, 0.0)';
+
+-- right of
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p WHERE '(0.0,0.0)' >> p.f1;
+
+-- above
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p WHERE '(0.0,0.0)' |>> p.f1;
+
+-- below
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1 <<| '(0.0, 0.0)';
+
+-- equal
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p WHERE p.f1 ~= '(5.1, 34.5)';
+
+-- point in box
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p
+   WHERE p.f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)';
+
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p
+   WHERE box '(0,0,100,100)' @> p.f1;
+
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p
+   WHERE not p.f1 <@ box '(0,0,100,100)';
+
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p
+   WHERE p.f1 <@ path '[(0,0),(-10,0),(-10,10)]';
+
+SELECT p.* FROM POINT_TBL p
+   WHERE not box '(0,0,100,100)' @> p.f1;
+
+SELECT p.f1, p.f1 <-> point '(0,0)' AS dist
+   FROM POINT_TBL p
+   ORDER BY dist;
+
+SELECT p1.f1 AS point1, p2.f1 AS point2, p1.f1 <-> p2.f1 AS dist
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2
+   ORDER BY dist, p1.f1[0], p2.f1[0];
+
+SELECT p1.f1 AS point1, p2.f1 AS point2
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2
+   WHERE (p1.f1 <-> p2.f1) > 3;
+
+-- put distance result into output to allow sorting with GEQ optimizer - tgl 97/05/10
+SELECT p1.f1 AS point1, p2.f1 AS point2, (p1.f1 <-> p2.f1) AS distance
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2
+   WHERE (p1.f1 <-> p2.f1) > 3 and p1.f1 << p2.f1
+   ORDER BY distance, p1.f1[0], p2.f1[0];
+
+-- put distance result into output to allow sorting with GEQ optimizer - tgl 97/05/10
+SELECT p1.f1 AS point1, p2.f1 AS point2, (p1.f1 <-> p2.f1) AS distance
+   FROM POINT_TBL p1, POINT_TBL p2
+   WHERE (p1.f1 <-> p2.f1) > 3 and p1.f1 << p2.f1 and p1.f1 |>> p2.f1
+   ORDER BY distance;
+
+-- Test that GiST indexes provide same behavior as sequential scan
+CREATE TEMP TABLE point_gist_tbl(f1 point);
+INSERT INTO point_gist_tbl SELECT '(0,0)' FROM generate_series(0,1000);
+CREATE INDEX point_gist_tbl_index ON point_gist_tbl USING gist (f1);
+INSERT INTO point_gist_tbl VALUES ('(0.0000009,0.0000009)');
+SET enable_seqscan TO true;
+SET enable_indexscan TO false;
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO false;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 ~= '(0.0000009,0.0000009)'::point;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(0.0000009,0.0000009),(0.0000009,0.0000009)'::box;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 ~= '(0.0000018,0.0000018)'::point;
+SET enable_seqscan TO false;
+SET enable_indexscan TO true;
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO true;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 ~= '(0.0000009,0.0000009)'::point;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 <@ '(0.0000009,0.0000009),(0.0000009,0.0000009)'::box;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM point_gist_tbl WHERE f1 ~= '(0.0000018,0.0000018)'::point;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/polygon.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/polygon.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f53b2cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/polygon.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+--
+-- POLYGON
+--
+-- polygon logic
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE POLYGON_TBL(f1 polygon);
+
+
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(2.0,0.0),(2.0,4.0),(0.0,0.0)');
+
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(3.0,1.0),(3.0,3.0),(1.0,0.0)');
+
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8)');
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(7,8),(5,6),(3,4),(1,2)'); -- Reverse
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(1,2),(7,8),(5,6),(3,-4)');
+
+-- degenerate polygons
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0.0,0.0)');
+
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0.0,1.0),(0.0,1.0)');
+
+-- bad polygon input strings
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('0.0');
+
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0.0 0.0');
+
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0,1,2)');
+
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('(0,1,2,3');
+
+INSERT INTO POLYGON_TBL(f1) VALUES ('asdf');
+
+
+SELECT * FROM POLYGON_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Test the SP-GiST index
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE quad_poly_tbl (id int, p polygon);
+
+INSERT INTO quad_poly_tbl
+	SELECT (x - 1) * 100 + y, polygon(circle(point(x * 10, y * 10), 1 + (x + y) % 10))
+	FROM generate_series(1, 100) x,
+		 generate_series(1, 100) y;
+
+INSERT INTO quad_poly_tbl
+	SELECT i, polygon '((200, 300),(210, 310),(230, 290))'
+	FROM generate_series(10001, 11000) AS i;
+
+INSERT INTO quad_poly_tbl
+	VALUES
+		(11001, NULL),
+		(11002, NULL),
+		(11003, NULL);
+
+CREATE INDEX quad_poly_tbl_idx ON quad_poly_tbl USING spgist(p);
+
+-- get reference results for ORDER BY distance from seq scan
+SET enable_seqscan = ON;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_poly_tbl_ord_seq2 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> point '123,456') n, p <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <@ polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+-- check results from index scan
+SET enable_seqscan = OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan = OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = ON;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p << polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p << polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &< polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &< polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p && polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p && polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p >> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p >> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <<| polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <<| polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &<| polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p &<| polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p |&> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p |&> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p |>> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p |>> polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <@ polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <@ polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p @> polygon '((340,550),(343,552),(341,553))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p @> polygon '((340,550),(343,552),(341,553))';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p ~= polygon '((200, 300),(210, 310),(230, 290))';
+SELECT count(*) FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p ~= polygon '((200, 300),(210, 310),(230, 290))';
+
+-- test ORDER BY distance
+SET enable_indexscan = ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = OFF;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> point '123,456') n, p <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <@ polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE quad_poly_tbl_ord_idx2 AS
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY p <-> point '123,456') n, p <-> point '123,456' dist, id
+FROM quad_poly_tbl WHERE p <@ polygon '((300,300),(400,600),(600,500),(700,200))';
+
+SELECT *
+FROM quad_poly_tbl_ord_seq2 seq FULL JOIN quad_poly_tbl_ord_idx2 idx
+	ON seq.n = idx.n AND seq.id = idx.id AND
+		(seq.dist = idx.dist OR seq.dist IS NULL AND idx.dist IS NULL)
+WHERE seq.id IS NULL OR idx.id IS NULL;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/polymorphism.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/polymorphism.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa57db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/polymorphism.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1137 @@
+--
+-- Tests for polymorphic SQL functions and aggregates based on them.
+-- Tests for other features related to function-calling have snuck in, too.
+--
+
+create function polyf(x anyelement) returns anyelement as $$
+  select x + 1
+$$ language sql;
+
+select polyf(42) as int, polyf(4.5) as num;
+select polyf(point(3,4));  -- fail for lack of + operator
+
+drop function polyf(x anyelement);
+
+create function polyf(x anyelement) returns anyarray as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+
+select polyf(42) as int, polyf(4.5) as num;
+
+drop function polyf(x anyelement);
+
+create function polyf(x anyarray) returns anyelement as $$
+  select x[1]
+$$ language sql;
+
+select polyf(array[2,4]) as int, polyf(array[4.5, 7.7]) as num;
+
+select polyf(stavalues1) from pg_statistic;  -- fail, can't infer element type
+
+drop function polyf(x anyarray);
+
+create function polyf(x anyarray) returns anyarray as $$
+  select x
+$$ language sql;
+
+select polyf(array[2,4]) as int, polyf(array[4.5, 7.7]) as num;
+
+select polyf(stavalues1) from pg_statistic;  -- fail, can't infer element type
+
+drop function polyf(x anyarray);
+
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function polyf(x anyelement) returns anyrange as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+
+create function polyf(x anyrange) returns anyarray as $$
+  select array[lower(x), upper(x)]
+$$ language sql;
+
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49)) as int, polyf(float8range(4.5, 7.8)) as num;
+
+drop function polyf(x anyrange);
+
+create function polyf(x anycompatible, y anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[x, y]
+$$ language sql;
+
+select polyf(2, 4) as int, polyf(2, 4.5) as num;
+
+drop function polyf(x anycompatible, y anycompatible);
+
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[lower(x), upper(x), y, z]
+$$ language sql;
+
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49), 11, 2::smallint) as int, polyf(float8range(4.5, 7.8), 7.8, 11::real) as num;
+
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49), 11, 4.5) as fail;  -- range type doesn't fit
+
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible);
+
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible) returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[lower(x), upper(x), y, z]
+$$ language sql;
+
+select polyf(multirange(int4range(42, 49)), 11, 2::smallint) as int, polyf(multirange(float8range(4.5, 7.8)), 7.8, 11::real) as num;
+
+select polyf(multirange(int4range(42, 49)), 11, 4.5) as fail;  -- range type doesn't fit
+
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatible, z anycompatible);
+
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function polyf(x anycompatible) returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatiblearray) returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select x
+$$ language sql;
+
+select polyf(int4range(42, 49), array[11]) as int, polyf(float8range(4.5, 7.8), array[7]) as num;
+
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblerange, y anycompatiblearray);
+
+-- fail, can't infer type:
+create function polyf(x anycompatible) returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select array[x + 1, x + 2]
+$$ language sql;
+
+create function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatiblearray) returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select x
+$$ language sql;
+
+select polyf(multirange(int4range(42, 49)), array[11]) as int, polyf(multirange(float8range(4.5, 7.8)), array[7]) as num;
+
+drop function polyf(x anycompatiblemultirange, y anycompatiblearray);
+
+create function polyf(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                      c anycompatible, d anycompatible,
+                      OUT x anyarray, OUT y anycompatiblearray)
+as $$
+  select a || b, array[c, d]
+$$ language sql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, array[1, 2], 42, 34.5);
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, array[1, 2], point(1,2), point(3,4));
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, '{1,2}', point(1,2), '(3,4)');
+select x, pg_typeof(x), y, pg_typeof(y)
+  from polyf(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, 34.5);  -- fail
+
+drop function polyf(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                    c anycompatible, d anycompatible);
+
+create function polyf(anyrange) returns anymultirange
+as 'select multirange($1);' language sql;
+
+select polyf(int4range(1,10));
+select polyf(null);
+
+drop function polyf(anyrange);
+
+create function polyf(anymultirange) returns anyelement
+as 'select lower($1);' language sql;
+
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+select polyf(null);
+
+drop function polyf(anymultirange);
+
+create function polyf(anycompatiblerange) returns anycompatiblemultirange
+as 'select multirange($1);' language sql;
+
+select polyf(int4range(1,10));
+select polyf(null);
+
+drop function polyf(anycompatiblerange);
+
+create function polyf(anymultirange) returns anyrange
+as 'select range_merge($1);' language sql;
+
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+select polyf(null);
+
+drop function polyf(anymultirange);
+
+create function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange) returns anycompatiblerange
+as 'select range_merge($1);' language sql;
+
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+select polyf(null);
+
+drop function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange);
+
+create function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange) returns anycompatible
+as 'select lower($1);' language sql;
+
+select polyf(int4multirange(int4range(1,10), int4range(20,30)));
+select polyf(null);
+
+drop function polyf(anycompatiblemultirange);
+
+
+--
+-- Polymorphic aggregate tests
+--
+-- Legend:
+-----------
+-- A = type is ANY
+-- P = type is polymorphic
+-- N = type is non-polymorphic
+-- B = aggregate base type
+-- S = aggregate state type
+-- R = aggregate return type
+-- 1 = arg1 of a function
+-- 2 = arg2 of a function
+-- ag = aggregate
+-- tf = trans (state) function
+-- ff = final function
+-- rt = return type of a function
+-- -> = implies
+-- => = allowed
+-- !> = not allowed
+-- E  = exists
+-- NE = not-exists
+--
+-- Possible states:
+-- ----------------
+-- B = (A || P || N)
+--   when (B = A) -> (tf2 = NE)
+-- S = (P || N)
+-- ff = (E || NE)
+-- tf1 = (P || N)
+-- tf2 = (NE || P || N)
+-- R = (P || N)
+
+-- create functions for use as tf and ff with the needed combinations of
+-- argument polymorphism, but within the constraints of valid aggregate
+-- functions, i.e. tf arg1 and tf return type must match
+
+-- polymorphic single arg transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION stfp(anyarray) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- non-polymorphic single arg transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION stfnp(int[]) RETURNS int[] AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+-- dual polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tfp(anyarray,anyelement) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1 || $2' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- dual non-polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tfnp(int[],int) RETURNS int[] AS
+'select $1 || $2' LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+-- arg1 only polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tf1p(anyarray,int) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- arg2 only polymorphic transfn
+CREATE FUNCTION tf2p(int[],anyelement) RETURNS int[] AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+-- multi-arg polymorphic
+CREATE FUNCTION sum3(anyelement,anyelement,anyelement) returns anyelement AS
+'select $1+$2+$3' language sql strict;
+
+-- finalfn polymorphic
+CREATE FUNCTION ffp(anyarray) RETURNS anyarray AS
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- finalfn non-polymorphic
+CREATE FUNCTION ffnp(int[]) returns int[] as
+'select $1' LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+-- Try to cover all the possible states:
+--
+-- Note: in Cases 1 & 2, we are trying to return P. Therefore, if the transfn
+-- is stfnp, tfnp, or tf2p, we must use ffp as finalfn, because stfnp, tfnp,
+-- and tf2p do not return P. Conversely, in Cases 3 & 4, we are trying to
+-- return N. Therefore, if the transfn is stfp, tfp, or tf1p, we must use ffnp
+-- as finalfn, because stfp, tfp, and tf1p do not return N.
+--
+--     Case1 (R = P) && (B = A)
+--     ------------------------
+--     S    tf1
+--     -------
+--     N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp01a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--     P    N
+-- should ERROR: stfnp(anyarray) not matched by stfnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp02a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--     N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp03a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp03b(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = int4[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--     P    P
+-- should ERROR: we have no way to resolve S
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp04a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp04b(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+
+--    Case2 (R = P) && ((B = P) || (B = N))
+--    -------------------------------------
+--    S    tf1      B    tf2
+--    -----------------------
+--    N    N        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp05a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    N        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp06a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(int[], anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[], int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp07a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    N        P    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp08a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    P        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp09a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp09b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    P        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp10a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp10b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(int[],anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray,int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp11a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp11b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    P        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(int[],anyelement) not matched by tfp(anyarray,anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp12a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp12b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    N        N    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp13a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    N        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, int) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp14a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp15a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    N        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp16a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    P        N    N
+-- should ERROR: we have no way to resolve S
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp17a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp17b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    P        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfp(anyarray, anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp18a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp18b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray, int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp19a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp19b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    P        P    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp20a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggp20b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--     Case3 (R = N) && (B = A)
+--     ------------------------
+--     S    tf1
+--     -------
+--     N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn01a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn01b(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = int4[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--     P    N
+-- should ERROR: stfnp(anyarray) not matched by stfnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn02a(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn02b(*) (SFUNC = stfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--     N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn03a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = int4[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--     P    P
+-- should ERROR: ffnp(anyarray) not matched by ffnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn04a(*) (SFUNC = stfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+
+--    Case4 (R = N) && ((B = P) || (B = N))
+--    -------------------------------------
+--    S    tf1      B    tf2
+--    -----------------------
+--    N    N        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn05a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn05b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    N        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn06a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn06b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(int[], anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[], int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn07a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn07b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    N        P    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn08a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn08b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = int[],
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    P        N    N
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn09a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    P        N    P
+-- should CREATE
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn10a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(int[],anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray,int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn11a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    N    P        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(int[],anyelement) not matched by tfp(anyarray,anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn12a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = int[],
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    N        N    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn13a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn13b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfnp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    N        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, int) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn14a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn14b(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf2p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    N        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tfnp(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tfnp(int[],int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn15a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn15b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfnp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    N        P    P
+-- should ERROR: tf2p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf2p(int[],anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn16a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn16b(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf2p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    P        N    N
+-- should ERROR: ffnp(anyarray) not matched by ffnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn17a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tf1p, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    P        N    P
+-- should ERROR: tfp(anyarray, int) not matched by tfp(anyarray, anyelement)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn18a(BASETYPE = int, SFUNC = tfp, STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    P        P    N
+-- should ERROR: tf1p(anyarray, anyelement) not matched by tf1p(anyarray, int)
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn19a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tf1p,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+--    P    P        P    P
+-- should ERROR: ffnp(anyarray) not matched by ffnp(int[])
+CREATE AGGREGATE myaggn20a(BASETYPE = anyelement, SFUNC = tfp,
+  STYPE = anyarray, FINALFUNC = ffnp, INITCOND = '{}');
+
+-- multi-arg polymorphic
+CREATE AGGREGATE mysum2(anyelement,anyelement) (SFUNC = sum3,
+  STYPE = anyelement, INITCOND = '0');
+
+-- create test data for polymorphic aggregates
+create temp table t(f1 int, f2 int[], f3 text);
+insert into t values(1,array[1],'a');
+insert into t values(1,array[11],'b');
+insert into t values(1,array[111],'c');
+insert into t values(2,array[2],'a');
+insert into t values(2,array[22],'b');
+insert into t values(2,array[222],'c');
+insert into t values(3,array[3],'a');
+insert into t values(3,array[3],'b');
+
+-- test the successfully created polymorphic aggregates
+select f3, myaggp01a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggp03a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggp03b(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggp05a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggp06a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggp08a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggp09a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggp09b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggp10a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggp10b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggp20a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggp20b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggn01a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggn01b(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggn03a(*) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggn05a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggn05b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggn06a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggn06b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggn08a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggn08b(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggn09a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select f3, myaggn10a(f1) from t group by f3 order by f3;
+select mysum2(f1, f1 + 1) from t;
+
+-- test inlining of polymorphic SQL functions
+create function bleat(int) returns int as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'bleat %', $1;
+  return $1;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function sql_if(bool, anyelement, anyelement) returns anyelement as $$
+select case when $1 then $2 else $3 end $$ language sql;
+
+-- Note this would fail with integer overflow, never mind wrong bleat() output,
+-- if the CASE expression were not successfully inlined
+select f1, sql_if(f1 > 0, bleat(f1), bleat(f1 + 1)) from int4_tbl;
+
+select q2, sql_if(q2 > 0, q2, q2 + 1) from int8_tbl;
+
+-- another sort of polymorphic aggregate
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE array_larger_accum (anyarray)
+(
+    sfunc = array_larger,
+    stype = anyarray,
+    initcond = '{}'
+);
+
+SELECT array_larger_accum(i)
+FROM (VALUES (ARRAY[1,2]), (ARRAY[3,4])) as t(i);
+
+SELECT array_larger_accum(i)
+FROM (VALUES (ARRAY[row(1,2),row(3,4)]), (ARRAY[row(5,6),row(7,8)])) as t(i);
+
+-- another kind of polymorphic aggregate
+
+create function add_group(grp anyarray, ad anyelement, size integer)
+  returns anyarray
+  as $$
+begin
+  if grp is null then
+    return array[ad];
+  end if;
+  if array_upper(grp, 1) < size then
+    return grp || ad;
+  end if;
+  return grp;
+end;
+$$
+  language plpgsql immutable;
+
+create aggregate build_group(anyelement, integer) (
+  SFUNC = add_group,
+  STYPE = anyarray
+);
+
+select build_group(q1,3) from int8_tbl;
+
+-- this should fail because stype isn't compatible with arg
+create aggregate build_group(int8, integer) (
+  SFUNC = add_group,
+  STYPE = int2[]
+);
+
+-- but we can make a non-poly agg from a poly sfunc if types are OK
+create aggregate build_group(int8, integer) (
+  SFUNC = add_group,
+  STYPE = int8[]
+);
+
+-- check proper resolution of data types for polymorphic transfn/finalfn
+
+create function first_el_transfn(anyarray, anyelement) returns anyarray as
+'select $1 || $2' language sql immutable;
+
+create function first_el(anyarray) returns anyelement as
+'select $1[1]' language sql strict immutable;
+
+create aggregate first_el_agg_f8(float8) (
+  SFUNC = array_append,
+  STYPE = float8[],
+  FINALFUNC = first_el
+);
+
+create aggregate first_el_agg_any(anyelement) (
+  SFUNC = first_el_transfn,
+  STYPE = anyarray,
+  FINALFUNC = first_el
+);
+
+select first_el_agg_f8(x::float8) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+select first_el_agg_any(x) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+select first_el_agg_f8(x::float8) over(order by x) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+select first_el_agg_any(x) over(order by x) from generate_series(1,10) x;
+
+-- check that we can apply functions taking ANYARRAY to pg_stats
+select distinct array_ndims(histogram_bounds) from pg_stats
+where histogram_bounds is not null;
+
+-- such functions must protect themselves if varying element type isn't OK
+-- (WHERE clause here is to avoid possibly getting a collation error instead)
+select max(histogram_bounds) from pg_stats where tablename = 'pg_am';
+
+-- another corner case is the input functions for polymorphic pseudotypes
+select array_in('{1,2,3}','int4'::regtype,-1);  -- this has historically worked
+select * from array_in('{1,2,3}','int4'::regtype,-1);  -- this not
+select anyrange_in('[10,20)','int4range'::regtype,-1);
+
+-- test variadic polymorphic functions
+
+create function myleast(variadic anyarray) returns anyelement as $$
+  select min($1[i]) from generate_subscripts($1,1) g(i)
+$$ language sql immutable strict;
+
+select myleast(10, 1, 20, 33);
+select myleast(1.1, 0.22, 0.55);
+select myleast('z'::text);
+select myleast(); -- fail
+
+-- test with variadic call parameter
+select myleast(variadic array[1,2,3,4,-1]);
+select myleast(variadic array[1.1, -5.5]);
+
+--test with empty variadic call parameter
+select myleast(variadic array[]::int[]);
+
+-- an example with some ordinary arguments too
+create function concat(text, variadic anyarray) returns text as $$
+  select array_to_string($2, $1);
+$$ language sql immutable strict;
+
+select concat('%', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+select concat('|', 'a'::text, 'b', 'c');
+select concat('|', variadic array[1,2,33]);
+select concat('|', variadic array[]::int[]);
+
+drop function concat(text, anyarray);
+
+-- mix variadic with anyelement
+create function formarray(anyelement, variadic anyarray) returns anyarray as $$
+  select array_prepend($1, $2);
+$$ language sql immutable strict;
+
+select formarray(1,2,3,4,5);
+select formarray(1.1, variadic array[1.2,55.5]);
+select formarray(1.1, array[1.2,55.5]); -- fail without variadic
+select formarray(1, 'x'::text); -- fail, type mismatch
+select formarray(1, variadic array['x'::text]); -- fail, type mismatch
+
+drop function formarray(anyelement, variadic anyarray);
+
+-- test pg_typeof() function
+select pg_typeof(null);           -- unknown
+select pg_typeof(0);              -- integer
+select pg_typeof(0.0);            -- numeric
+select pg_typeof(1+1 = 2);        -- boolean
+select pg_typeof('x');            -- unknown
+select pg_typeof('' || '');       -- text
+select pg_typeof(pg_typeof(0));   -- regtype
+select pg_typeof(array[1.2,55.5]); -- numeric[]
+select pg_typeof(myleast(10, 1, 20, 33));  -- polymorphic input
+
+-- test functions with default parameters
+
+-- test basic functionality
+create function dfunc(a int = 1, int = 2) returns int as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+
+select dfunc();
+select dfunc(10);
+select dfunc(10, 20);
+select dfunc(10, 20, 30);  -- fail
+
+drop function dfunc();  -- fail
+drop function dfunc(int);  -- fail
+drop function dfunc(int, int);  -- ok
+
+-- fail: defaults must be at end of argument list
+create function dfunc(a int = 1, b int) returns int as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+
+-- however, this should work:
+create function dfunc(a int = 1, out sum int, b int = 2) as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+
+select dfunc();
+
+-- verify it lists properly
+\df dfunc
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+
+-- check implicit coercion
+create function dfunc(a int DEFAULT 1.0, int DEFAULT '-1') returns int as $$
+  select $1 + $2;
+$$ language sql;
+select dfunc();
+
+create function dfunc(a text DEFAULT 'Hello', b text DEFAULT 'World') returns text as $$
+  select $1 || ', ' || $2;
+$$ language sql;
+
+select dfunc();  -- fail: which dfunc should be called? int or text
+select dfunc('Hi');  -- ok
+select dfunc('Hi', 'City');  -- ok
+select dfunc(0);  -- ok
+select dfunc(10, 20);  -- ok
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+drop function dfunc(text, text);
+
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2) returns int as $$
+  select 2;
+$$ language sql;
+
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2, int = 3, int = 4) returns int as $$
+  select 4;
+$$ language sql;
+
+-- Now, dfunc(nargs = 2) and dfunc(nargs = 4) are ambiguous when called
+-- with 0 to 2 arguments.
+
+select dfunc();  -- fail
+select dfunc(1);  -- fail
+select dfunc(1, 2);  -- fail
+select dfunc(1, 2, 3);  -- ok
+select dfunc(1, 2, 3, 4);  -- ok
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+drop function dfunc(int, int, int, int);
+
+-- default values are not allowed for output parameters
+create function dfunc(out int = 20) returns int as $$
+  select 1;
+$$ language sql;
+
+-- polymorphic parameter test
+create function dfunc(anyelement = 'World'::text) returns text as $$
+  select 'Hello, ' || $1::text;
+$$ language sql;
+
+select dfunc();
+select dfunc(0);
+select dfunc(to_date('20081215','YYYYMMDD'));
+select dfunc('City'::text);
+
+drop function dfunc(anyelement);
+
+-- check defaults for variadics
+
+create function dfunc(a variadic int[]) returns int as
+$$ select array_upper($1, 1) $$ language sql;
+
+select dfunc();  -- fail
+select dfunc(10);
+select dfunc(10,20);
+
+create or replace function dfunc(a variadic int[] default array[]::int[]) returns int as
+$$ select array_upper($1, 1) $$ language sql;
+
+select dfunc();  -- now ok
+select dfunc(10);
+select dfunc(10,20);
+
+-- can't remove the default once it exists
+create or replace function dfunc(a variadic int[]) returns int as
+$$ select array_upper($1, 1) $$ language sql;
+
+\df dfunc
+
+drop function dfunc(a variadic int[]);
+
+-- Ambiguity should be reported only if there's not a better match available
+
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2, int = 3) returns int as $$
+  select 3;
+$$ language sql;
+
+create function dfunc(int = 1, int = 2) returns int as $$
+  select 2;
+$$ language sql;
+
+create function dfunc(text) returns text as $$
+  select $1;
+$$ language sql;
+
+-- dfunc(narg=2) and dfunc(narg=3) are ambiguous
+select dfunc(1);  -- fail
+
+-- but this works since the ambiguous functions aren't preferred anyway
+select dfunc('Hi');
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int, int);
+drop function dfunc(int, int);
+drop function dfunc(text);
+
+--
+-- Tests for named- and mixed-notation function calling
+--
+
+create function dfunc(a int, b int, c int = 0, d int = 0)
+  returns table (a int, b int, c int, d int) as $$
+  select $1, $2, $3, $4;
+$$ language sql;
+
+select (dfunc(10,20,30)).*;
+select (dfunc(a := 10, b := 20, c := 30)).*;
+select * from dfunc(a := 10, b := 20);
+select * from dfunc(b := 10, a := 20);
+select * from dfunc(0);  -- fail
+select * from dfunc(1,2);
+select * from dfunc(1,2,c := 3);
+select * from dfunc(1,2,d := 3);
+
+select * from dfunc(x := 20, b := 10, x := 30);  -- fail, duplicate name
+select * from dfunc(10, b := 20, 30);  -- fail, named args must be last
+select * from dfunc(x := 10, b := 20, c := 30);  -- fail, unknown param
+select * from dfunc(10, 10, a := 20);  -- fail, a overlaps positional parameter
+select * from dfunc(1,c := 2,d := 3); -- fail, no value for b
+
+drop function dfunc(int, int, int, int);
+
+-- test with different parameter types
+create function dfunc(a varchar, b numeric, c date = current_date)
+  returns table (a varchar, b numeric, c date) as $$
+  select $1, $2, $3;
+$$ language sql;
+
+select (dfunc('Hello World', 20, '2009-07-25'::date)).*;
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', 20, '2009-07-25'::date);
+select * from dfunc(c := '2009-07-25'::date, a := 'Hello World', b := 20);
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', b := 20, c := '2009-07-25'::date);
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', c := '2009-07-25'::date, b := 20);
+select * from dfunc('Hello World', c := 20, b := '2009-07-25'::date);  -- fail
+
+drop function dfunc(varchar, numeric, date);
+
+-- test out parameters with named params
+create function dfunc(a varchar = 'def a', out _a varchar, c numeric = NULL, out _c numeric)
+returns record as $$
+  select $1, $2;
+$$ language sql;
+
+select (dfunc()).*;
+select * from dfunc();
+select * from dfunc('Hello', 100);
+select * from dfunc(a := 'Hello', c := 100);
+select * from dfunc(c := 100, a := 'Hello');
+select * from dfunc('Hello');
+select * from dfunc('Hello', c := 100);
+select * from dfunc(c := 100);
+
+-- fail, can no longer change an input parameter's name
+create or replace function dfunc(a varchar = 'def a', out _a varchar, x numeric = NULL, out _c numeric)
+returns record as $$
+  select $1, $2;
+$$ language sql;
+
+create or replace function dfunc(a varchar = 'def a', out _a varchar, numeric = NULL, out _c numeric)
+returns record as $$
+  select $1, $2;
+$$ language sql;
+
+drop function dfunc(varchar, numeric);
+
+--fail, named parameters are not unique
+create function testpolym(a int, a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+create function testpolym(int, out a int, out a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+create function testpolym(out a int, inout a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+create function testpolym(a int, inout a int) returns int as $$ select 1;$$ language sql;
+
+-- valid
+create function testpolym(a int, out a int) returns int as $$ select $1;$$ language sql;
+select testpolym(37);
+drop function testpolym(int);
+create function testpolym(a int) returns table(a int) as $$ select $1;$$ language sql;
+select * from testpolym(37);
+drop function testpolym(int);
+
+-- test polymorphic params and defaults
+create function dfunc(a anyelement, b anyelement = null, flag bool = true)
+returns anyelement as $$
+  select case when $3 then $1 else $2 end;
+$$ language sql;
+
+select dfunc(1,2);
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b'); -- positional notation with default
+
+select dfunc(a := 1, b := 2);
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, b := 'b');
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, b := 'b', flag := false); -- named notation
+
+select dfunc(b := 'b'::text, a := 'a'); -- named notation with default
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, flag := true); -- named notation with default
+select dfunc(a := 'a'::text, flag := false); -- named notation with default
+select dfunc(b := 'b'::text, a := 'a', flag := true); -- named notation
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', false); -- full positional notation
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag := false); -- mixed notation
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', true); -- full positional notation
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag := true); -- mixed notation
+
+-- ansi/sql syntax
+select dfunc(a => 1, b => 2);
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, b => 'b');
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, b => 'b', flag => false); -- named notation
+
+select dfunc(b => 'b'::text, a => 'a'); -- named notation with default
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, flag => true); -- named notation with default
+select dfunc(a => 'a'::text, flag => false); -- named notation with default
+select dfunc(b => 'b'::text, a => 'a', flag => true); -- named notation
+
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', false); -- full positional notation
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag => false); -- mixed notation
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', true); -- full positional notation
+select dfunc('a'::text, 'b', flag => true); -- mixed notation
+
+-- this tests lexer edge cases around =>
+select dfunc(a =>-1);
+select dfunc(a =>+1);
+select dfunc(a =>/**/1);
+select dfunc(a =>--comment to be removed by psql
+  1);
+-- need DO to protect the -- from psql
+do $$
+  declare r integer;
+  begin
+    select dfunc(a=>-- comment
+      1) into r;
+    raise info 'r = %', r;
+  end;
+$$;
+
+-- check reverse-listing of named-arg calls
+CREATE VIEW dfview AS
+   SELECT q1, q2,
+     dfunc(q1,q2, flag := q1>q2) as c3,
+     dfunc(q1, flag := q1<q2, b := q2) as c4
+     FROM int8_tbl;
+
+select * from dfview;
+
+\d+ dfview
+
+drop view dfview;
+drop function dfunc(anyelement, anyelement, bool);
+
+--
+-- Tests for ANYCOMPATIBLE polymorphism family
+--
+
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible)
+returns anycompatible as $$
+  select greatest($1, $2)
+$$ language sql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.3) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, point(1,2)) x;  -- fail
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest('11', '12.3') x;  -- defaults to text
+
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible);
+
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[$1, $2]
+$$ language sql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.3) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1,2]) x;  -- fail
+
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatible);
+
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblearray)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[$1] || $2
+$$ language sql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[12]) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[12.3]) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(12.3, array[13]) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(12.3, '{13,14.4}') x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[point(1,2)]) x;  -- fail
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;  -- fail
+
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblearray);
+
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblerange)
+returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select $2
+$$ language sql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, int4range(4,7)) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, numrange(4,7)) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;  -- fail
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, int4range(4,7)) x;  -- fail
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, '[4,7)') x;  -- fail
+
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblerange);
+
+create function anyctest(anycompatiblerange, anycompatiblerange)
+returns anycompatible as $$
+  select lower($1) + upper($2)
+$$ language sql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(int4range(11,12), int4range(4,7)) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(int4range(11,12), numrange(4,7)) x; -- fail
+
+drop function anyctest(anycompatiblerange, anycompatiblerange);
+
+-- fail, can't infer result type:
+create function anyctest(anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblerange as $$
+  select $1
+$$ language sql;
+
+create function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblemultirange)
+returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select $2
+$$ language sql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, multirange(int4range(4,7))) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, multirange(numrange(4,7))) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;  -- fail
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, multirange(int4range(4,7))) x;  -- fail
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11.2, '{[4,7)}') x;  -- fail
+
+drop function anyctest(anycompatible, anycompatiblemultirange);
+
+create function anyctest(anycompatiblemultirange, anycompatiblemultirange)
+returns anycompatible as $$
+  select lower($1) + upper($2)
+$$ language sql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(multirange(int4range(11,12)), multirange(int4range(4,7))) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(multirange(int4range(11,12)), multirange(numrange(4,7))) x; -- fail
+
+drop function anyctest(anycompatiblemultirange, anycompatiblemultirange);
+
+-- fail, can't infer result type:
+create function anyctest(anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblemultirange as $$
+  select $1
+$$ language sql;
+
+create function anyctest(anycompatiblenonarray, anycompatiblenonarray)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[$1, $2]
+$$ language sql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.3) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(array[11], array[1,2]) x;  -- fail
+
+drop function anyctest(anycompatiblenonarray, anycompatiblenonarray);
+
+create function anyctest(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                         c anycompatible, d anycompatible)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select array[c, d]
+$$ language sql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1, 2], 42, 34.5) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1, 2], point(1,2), point(3,4)) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, '{1,2}', point(1,2), '(3,4)') x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, array[1, 2.2], 42, 34.5) x;  -- fail
+
+drop function anyctest(a anyelement, b anyarray,
+                       c anycompatible, d anycompatible);
+
+create function anyctest(variadic anycompatiblearray)
+returns anycompatiblearray as $$
+  select $1
+$$ language sql;
+
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, 12.2) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, '12') x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(11, '12.2') x;  -- fail
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(variadic array[11, 12]) x;
+select x, pg_typeof(x) from anyctest(variadic array[11, 12.2]) x;
+
+drop function anyctest(variadic anycompatiblearray);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/portals.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/portals.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc4cccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/portals.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+--
+-- Cursor regression tests
+--
+
+BEGIN;
+
+DECLARE foo1 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+DECLARE foo2 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+DECLARE foo3 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+DECLARE foo4 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+DECLARE foo5 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+DECLARE foo6 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+DECLARE foo7 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+DECLARE foo8 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+DECLARE foo9 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+DECLARE foo10 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+DECLARE foo11 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+DECLARE foo12 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+DECLARE foo13 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+DECLARE foo14 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+DECLARE foo15 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+DECLARE foo16 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+DECLARE foo17 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+DECLARE foo18 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+DECLARE foo19 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+DECLARE foo20 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+DECLARE foo21 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+DECLARE foo22 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+DECLARE foo23 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+FETCH 1 in foo1;
+
+FETCH 2 in foo2;
+
+FETCH 3 in foo3;
+
+FETCH 4 in foo4;
+
+FETCH 5 in foo5;
+
+FETCH 6 in foo6;
+
+FETCH 7 in foo7;
+
+FETCH 8 in foo8;
+
+FETCH 9 in foo9;
+
+FETCH 10 in foo10;
+
+FETCH 11 in foo11;
+
+FETCH 12 in foo12;
+
+FETCH 13 in foo13;
+
+FETCH 14 in foo14;
+
+FETCH 15 in foo15;
+
+FETCH 16 in foo16;
+
+FETCH 17 in foo17;
+
+FETCH 18 in foo18;
+
+FETCH 19 in foo19;
+
+FETCH 20 in foo20;
+
+FETCH 21 in foo21;
+
+FETCH 22 in foo22;
+
+FETCH 23 in foo23;
+
+FETCH backward 1 in foo23;
+
+FETCH backward 2 in foo22;
+
+FETCH backward 3 in foo21;
+
+FETCH backward 4 in foo20;
+
+FETCH backward 5 in foo19;
+
+FETCH backward 6 in foo18;
+
+FETCH backward 7 in foo17;
+
+FETCH backward 8 in foo16;
+
+FETCH backward 9 in foo15;
+
+FETCH backward 10 in foo14;
+
+FETCH backward 11 in foo13;
+
+FETCH backward 12 in foo12;
+
+FETCH backward 13 in foo11;
+
+FETCH backward 14 in foo10;
+
+FETCH backward 15 in foo9;
+
+FETCH backward 16 in foo8;
+
+FETCH backward 17 in foo7;
+
+FETCH backward 18 in foo6;
+
+FETCH backward 19 in foo5;
+
+FETCH backward 20 in foo4;
+
+FETCH backward 21 in foo3;
+
+FETCH backward 22 in foo2;
+
+FETCH backward 23 in foo1;
+
+CLOSE foo1;
+
+CLOSE foo2;
+
+CLOSE foo3;
+
+CLOSE foo4;
+
+CLOSE foo5;
+
+CLOSE foo6;
+
+CLOSE foo7;
+
+CLOSE foo8;
+
+CLOSE foo9;
+
+CLOSE foo10;
+
+CLOSE foo11;
+
+CLOSE foo12;
+
+-- leave some cursors open, to test that auto-close works.
+
+-- record this in the system view as well (don't query the time field there
+-- however)
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+
+END;
+
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+
+--
+-- NO SCROLL disallows backward fetching
+--
+
+BEGIN;
+
+DECLARE foo24 NO SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+FETCH 1 FROM foo24;
+
+FETCH BACKWARD 1 FROM foo24; -- should fail
+
+END;
+
+BEGIN;
+
+DECLARE foo24 NO SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+FETCH 1 FROM foo24;
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 2 FROM foo24; -- allowed
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM foo24; -- should fail
+
+END;
+
+--
+-- Cursors outside transaction blocks
+--
+
+
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+
+BEGIN;
+
+DECLARE foo25 SCROLL CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+FETCH FROM foo25;
+
+FETCH FROM foo25;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+FETCH FROM foo25;
+
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM foo25;
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE -1 FROM foo25;
+
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+
+CLOSE foo25;
+
+BEGIN;
+
+DECLARE foo25ns NO SCROLL CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+
+FETCH FROM foo25ns;
+
+FETCH FROM foo25ns;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+FETCH FROM foo25ns;
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 4 FROM foo25ns;
+
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 4 FROM foo25ns; -- fail
+
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+
+CLOSE foo25ns;
+
+--
+-- ROLLBACK should close holdable cursors
+--
+
+BEGIN;
+
+DECLARE foo26 CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- should fail
+FETCH FROM foo26;
+
+--
+-- Parameterized DECLARE needs to insert param values into the cursor portal
+--
+
+BEGIN;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION declares_cursor(text)
+   RETURNS void
+   AS 'DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT stringu1 FROM tenk1 WHERE stringu1 LIKE $1;'
+   LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+SELECT declares_cursor('AB%');
+
+FETCH ALL FROM c;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--
+-- Test behavior of both volatile and stable functions inside a cursor;
+-- in particular we want to see what happens during commit of a holdable
+-- cursor
+--
+
+create temp table tt1(f1 int);
+
+create function count_tt1_v() returns int8 as
+'select count(*) from tt1' language sql volatile;
+
+create function count_tt1_s() returns int8 as
+'select count(*) from tt1' language sql stable;
+
+begin;
+
+insert into tt1 values(1);
+
+declare c1 cursor for select count_tt1_v(), count_tt1_s();
+
+insert into tt1 values(2);
+
+fetch all from c1;
+
+rollback;
+
+begin;
+
+insert into tt1 values(1);
+
+declare c2 cursor with hold for select count_tt1_v(), count_tt1_s();
+
+insert into tt1 values(2);
+
+commit;
+
+delete from tt1;
+
+fetch all from c2;
+
+drop function count_tt1_v();
+drop function count_tt1_s();
+
+
+-- Create a cursor with the BINARY option and check the pg_cursors view
+BEGIN;
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+DECLARE bc BINARY CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1;
+SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- We should not see the portal that is created internally to
+-- implement EXECUTE in pg_cursors
+PREPARE cprep AS
+  SELECT name, statement, is_holdable, is_binary, is_scrollable FROM pg_cursors;
+EXECUTE cprep;
+
+-- test CLOSE ALL;
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+CLOSE ALL;
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE foo1 CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT 1;
+DECLARE foo2 CURSOR WITHOUT HOLD FOR SELECT 1;
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+CLOSE ALL;
+SELECT name FROM pg_cursors ORDER BY 1;
+COMMIT;
+
+--
+-- Tests for updatable cursors
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE uctest(f1 int, f2 text);
+INSERT INTO uctest VALUES (1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three');
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+
+-- Check DELETE WHERE CURRENT
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest;
+FETCH 2 FROM c1;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+-- should show deletion
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+-- cursor did not move
+FETCH ALL FROM c1;
+-- cursor is insensitive
+MOVE BACKWARD ALL IN c1;
+FETCH ALL FROM c1;
+COMMIT;
+-- should still see deletion
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+
+-- Check UPDATE WHERE CURRENT; this time use FOR UPDATE
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest FOR UPDATE;
+FETCH c1;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = 8 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+
+-- Check repeated-update and update-then-delete cases
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest;
+FETCH c1;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+-- insensitive cursor should not show effects of updates or deletes
+FETCH RELATIVE 0 FROM c1;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- no-op
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- no-op
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+FETCH RELATIVE 0 FROM c1;
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest FOR UPDATE;
+FETCH c1;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- no-op
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- no-op
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+--- FOR UPDATE cursors can't currently scroll back, so this is an error:
+FETCH RELATIVE 0 FROM c1;
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+
+-- Check insensitive cursor with INSERT
+-- (The above tests don't test the SQL notion of an insensitive cursor
+-- correctly, because per SQL standard, changes from WHERE CURRENT OF
+-- commands should be visible in the cursor.  So here we make the
+-- changes with a command that is independent of the cursor.)
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 INSENSITIVE CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest;
+INSERT INTO uctest VALUES (10, 'ten');
+FETCH NEXT FROM c1;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c1;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c1;  -- insert not visible
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE f1 = 10;  -- restore test table state
+
+-- Check inheritance cases
+CREATE TEMP TABLE ucchild () inherits (uctest);
+INSERT INTO ucchild values(100, 'hundred');
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest FOR UPDATE;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+
+-- Can update from a self-join, but only if FOR UPDATE says which to use
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest a, uctest b WHERE a.f1 = b.f1 + 5;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;  -- fail
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest a, uctest b WHERE a.f1 = b.f1 + 5 FOR UPDATE;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;  -- fail
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest a, uctest b WHERE a.f1 = b.f1 + 5 FOR SHARE OF a;
+FETCH 1 FROM c1;
+UPDATE uctest SET f1 = f1 + 10 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT * FROM uctest;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Check various error cases
+
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1;  -- fail, no such cursor
+DECLARE cx CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM uctest;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF cx;  -- fail, can't use held cursor
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c;  -- fail, cursor on wrong table
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk2 FOR SHARE;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c;  -- fail, cursor on wrong table
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM tenk1 JOIN tenk2 USING (unique1);
+DELETE FROM tenk1 WHERE CURRENT OF c;  -- fail, cursor is on a join
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT f1,count(*) FROM uctest GROUP BY f1;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c;  -- fail, cursor is on aggregation
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM uctest;
+DELETE FROM uctest WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- fail, no current row
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT MIN(f1) FROM uctest FOR UPDATE;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- WHERE CURRENT OF may someday work with views, but today is not that day.
+-- For now, just make sure it errors out cleanly.
+CREATE TEMP VIEW ucview AS SELECT * FROM uctest;
+CREATE RULE ucrule AS ON DELETE TO ucview DO INSTEAD
+  DELETE FROM uctest WHERE f1 = OLD.f1;
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM ucview;
+FETCH FROM c1;
+DELETE FROM ucview WHERE CURRENT OF c1; -- fail, views not supported
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Check WHERE CURRENT OF with an index-only scan
+BEGIN;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT stringu1 FROM onek WHERE stringu1 = 'DZAAAA';
+DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT stringu1 FROM onek WHERE stringu1 = 'DZAAAA';
+FETCH FROM c1;
+DELETE FROM onek WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
+SELECT stringu1 FROM onek WHERE stringu1 = 'DZAAAA';
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Check behavior with rewinding to a previous child scan node,
+-- as per bug #15395
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE current_check (currentid int, payload text);
+CREATE TABLE current_check_1 () INHERITS (current_check);
+CREATE TABLE current_check_2 () INHERITS (current_check);
+INSERT INTO current_check_1 SELECT i, 'p' || i FROM generate_series(1,9) i;
+INSERT INTO current_check_2 SELECT i, 'P' || i FROM generate_series(10,19) i;
+
+DECLARE c1 SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM current_check;
+
+-- This tests the fetch-backwards code path
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 12 FROM c1;
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 8 FROM c1;
+DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF c1 RETURNING *;
+
+-- This tests the ExecutorRewind code path
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 13 FROM c1;
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM c1;
+DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF c1 RETURNING *;
+
+SELECT * FROM current_check;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Make sure snapshot management works okay, per bug report in
+-- 235395b90909301035v7228ce63q392931f15aa74b31@mail.gmail.com
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+CREATE TABLE cursor (a int);
+INSERT INTO cursor VALUES (1);
+DECLARE c1 NO SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM cursor FOR UPDATE;
+UPDATE cursor SET a = 2;
+FETCH ALL FROM c1;
+COMMIT;
+DROP TABLE cursor;
+
+-- Check rewinding a cursor containing a stable function in LIMIT,
+-- per bug report in 8336843.9833.1399385291498.JavaMail.root@quick
+begin;
+create function nochange(int) returns int
+  as 'select $1 limit 1' language sql stable;
+declare c cursor for select * from int8_tbl limit nochange(3);
+fetch all from c;
+move backward all in c;
+fetch all from c;
+rollback;
+
+-- Check handling of non-backwards-scan-capable plans with scroll cursors
+begin;
+explain (costs off) declare c1 cursor for select (select 42) as x;
+explain (costs off) declare c1 scroll cursor for select (select 42) as x;
+declare c1 scroll cursor for select (select 42) as x;
+fetch all in c1;
+fetch backward all in c1;
+rollback;
+begin;
+explain (costs off) declare c2 cursor for select generate_series(1,3) as g;
+explain (costs off) declare c2 scroll cursor for select generate_series(1,3) as g;
+declare c2 scroll cursor for select generate_series(1,3) as g;
+fetch all in c2;
+fetch backward all in c2;
+rollback;
+
+-- Check fetching of toasted datums via cursors.
+begin;
+
+-- Other compression algorithms may cause the compressed data to be stored
+-- inline.  Use pglz to ensure consistent results.
+set default_toast_compression = 'pglz';
+
+create table toasted_data (f1 int[]);
+insert into toasted_data
+  select array_agg(i) from generate_series(12345678, 12345678 + 1000) i;
+
+declare local_portal cursor for select * from toasted_data;
+fetch all in local_portal;
+
+declare held_portal cursor with hold for select * from toasted_data;
+
+commit;
+
+drop table toasted_data;
+
+fetch all in held_portal;
+
+reset default_toast_compression;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/portals_p2.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/portals_p2.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..555820d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/portals_p2.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+--
+-- PORTALS_P2
+--
+
+BEGIN;
+
+DECLARE foo13 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 50;
+
+DECLARE foo14 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 51;
+
+DECLARE foo15 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 52;
+
+DECLARE foo16 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 53;
+
+DECLARE foo17 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 54;
+
+DECLARE foo18 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 55;
+
+DECLARE foo19 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 56;
+
+DECLARE foo20 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 57;
+
+DECLARE foo21 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 58;
+
+DECLARE foo22 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 59;
+
+DECLARE foo23 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek WHERE unique1 = 60;
+
+DECLARE foo24 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek2 WHERE unique1 = 50;
+
+DECLARE foo25 CURSOR FOR
+   SELECT * FROM onek2 WHERE unique1 = 60;
+
+FETCH all in foo13;
+
+FETCH all in foo14;
+
+FETCH all in foo15;
+
+FETCH all in foo16;
+
+FETCH all in foo17;
+
+FETCH all in foo18;
+
+FETCH all in foo19;
+
+FETCH all in foo20;
+
+FETCH all in foo21;
+
+FETCH all in foo22;
+
+FETCH all in foo23;
+
+FETCH all in foo24;
+
+FETCH all in foo25;
+
+CLOSE foo13;
+
+CLOSE foo14;
+
+CLOSE foo15;
+
+CLOSE foo16;
+
+CLOSE foo17;
+
+CLOSE foo18;
+
+CLOSE foo19;
+
+CLOSE foo20;
+
+CLOSE foo21;
+
+CLOSE foo22;
+
+CLOSE foo23;
+
+CLOSE foo24;
+
+CLOSE foo25;
+
+END;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/prepare.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/prepare.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..985d0f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/prepare.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+-- Regression tests for prepareable statements. We query the content
+-- of the pg_prepared_statements view as prepared statements are
+-- created and removed.
+
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+
+PREPARE q1 AS SELECT 1 AS a;
+EXECUTE q1;
+
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+
+-- should fail
+PREPARE q1 AS SELECT 2;
+
+-- should succeed
+DEALLOCATE q1;
+PREPARE q1 AS SELECT 2;
+EXECUTE q1;
+
+PREPARE q2 AS SELECT 2 AS b;
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+
+-- sql92 syntax
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE q1;
+
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE q2;
+-- the view should return the empty set again
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements;
+
+-- parameterized queries
+PREPARE q2(text) AS
+	SELECT datname, datistemplate, datallowconn
+	FROM pg_database WHERE datname = $1;
+
+EXECUTE q2('postgres');
+
+PREPARE q3(text, int, float, boolean, smallint) AS
+	SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE string4 = $1 AND (four = $2 OR
+	ten = $3::bigint OR true = $4 OR odd = $5::int)
+	ORDER BY unique1;
+
+EXECUTE q3('AAAAxx', 5::smallint, 10.5::float, false, 4::bigint);
+
+-- too few params
+EXECUTE q3('bool');
+
+-- too many params
+EXECUTE q3('bytea', 5::smallint, 10.5::float, false, 4::bigint, true);
+
+-- wrong param types
+EXECUTE q3(5::smallint, 10.5::float, false, 4::bigint, 'bytea');
+
+-- invalid type
+PREPARE q4(nonexistenttype) AS SELECT $1;
+
+-- create table as execute
+PREPARE q5(int, text) AS
+	SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 = $1 OR stringu1 = $2
+	ORDER BY unique1;
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE q5_prep_results AS EXECUTE q5(200, 'DTAAAA');
+SELECT * FROM q5_prep_results;
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE q5_prep_nodata AS EXECUTE q5(200, 'DTAAAA')
+    WITH NO DATA;
+SELECT * FROM q5_prep_nodata;
+
+-- unknown or unspecified parameter types: should succeed
+PREPARE q6 AS
+    SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 = $1 AND stringu1 = $2;
+PREPARE q7(unknown) AS
+    SELECT * FROM road WHERE thepath = $1;
+
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements
+    ORDER BY name;
+
+-- test DEALLOCATE ALL;
+DEALLOCATE ALL;
+SELECT name, statement, parameter_types FROM pg_prepared_statements
+    ORDER BY name;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/prepared_xacts.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/prepared_xacts.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f0bb55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/prepared_xacts.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+--
+-- PREPARED TRANSACTIONS (two-phase commit)
+--
+-- We can't readily test persistence of prepared xacts within the
+-- regression script framework, unfortunately.  Note that a crash
+-- isn't really needed ... stopping and starting the postmaster would
+-- be enough, but we can't even do that here.
+
+
+-- create a simple table that we'll use in the tests
+CREATE TABLE pxtest1 (foobar VARCHAR(10));
+
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('aaa');
+
+
+-- Test PREPARE TRANSACTION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE pxtest1 SET foobar = 'bbb' WHERE foobar = 'aaa';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo1';
+
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+
+-- Test pg_prepared_xacts system view
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+
+-- Test ROLLBACK PREPARED
+ROLLBACK PREPARED 'foo1';
+
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+
+
+-- Test COMMIT PREPARED
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('ddd');
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo2';
+
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+
+COMMIT PREPARED 'foo2';
+
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+
+-- Test duplicate gids
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE pxtest1 SET foobar = 'eee' WHERE foobar = 'ddd';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo3';
+
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('fff');
+
+-- This should fail, because the gid foo3 is already in use
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo3';
+
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+
+ROLLBACK PREPARED 'foo3';
+
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+
+-- Test serialization failure (SSI)
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE pxtest1 SET foobar = 'eee' WHERE foobar = 'ddd';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo4';
+
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+SELECT * FROM pxtest1;
+
+-- This should fail, because the two transactions have a write-skew anomaly
+INSERT INTO pxtest1 VALUES ('fff');
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo5';
+
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+
+ROLLBACK PREPARED 'foo4';
+
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+
+-- Clean up
+DROP TABLE pxtest1;
+
+-- Test detection of session-level and xact-level locks on same object
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_advisory_lock(1);
+SELECT pg_advisory_xact_lock_shared(1);
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'foo6';  -- fails
+
+-- Test subtransactions
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+  CREATE TABLE pxtest2 (a int);
+  INSERT INTO pxtest2 VALUES (1);
+  SAVEPOINT a;
+    INSERT INTO pxtest2 VALUES (2);
+  ROLLBACK TO a;
+  SAVEPOINT b;
+  INSERT INTO pxtest2 VALUES (3);
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'regress-one';
+
+CREATE TABLE pxtest3(fff int);
+
+-- Test shared invalidation
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+  DROP TABLE pxtest3;
+  CREATE TABLE pxtest4 (a int);
+  INSERT INTO pxtest4 VALUES (1);
+  INSERT INTO pxtest4 VALUES (2);
+  DECLARE foo CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM pxtest4;
+  -- Fetch 1 tuple, keeping the cursor open
+  FETCH 1 FROM foo;
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'regress-two';
+
+-- No such cursor
+FETCH 1 FROM foo;
+
+-- Table doesn't exist, the creation hasn't been committed yet
+SELECT * FROM pxtest2;
+
+-- There should be two prepared transactions
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+
+-- pxtest3 should be locked because of the pending DROP
+begin;
+lock table pxtest3 in access share mode nowait;
+rollback;
+
+-- Disconnect, we will continue testing in a different backend
+\c -
+
+-- There should still be two prepared transactions
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+
+-- pxtest3 should still be locked because of the pending DROP
+begin;
+lock table pxtest3 in access share mode nowait;
+rollback;
+
+-- Commit table creation
+COMMIT PREPARED 'regress-one';
+\d pxtest2
+SELECT * FROM pxtest2;
+
+-- There should be one prepared transaction
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+
+-- Commit table drop
+COMMIT PREPARED 'regress-two';
+SELECT * FROM pxtest3;
+
+-- There should be no prepared transactions
+SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts;
+
+-- Clean up
+DROP TABLE pxtest2;
+DROP TABLE pxtest3;  -- will still be there if prepared xacts are disabled
+DROP TABLE pxtest4;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/privileges.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/privileges.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55b5df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/privileges.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1723 @@
+--
+-- Test access privileges
+--
+
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+
+-- Suppress NOTICE messages when users/groups don't exist
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_group1;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_group2;
+
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user1;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user2;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user3;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user4;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user5;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user6;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_priv_user7;
+
+SELECT lo_unlink(oid) FROM pg_largeobject_metadata WHERE oid >= 1000 AND oid < 3000 ORDER BY oid;
+
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+-- test proper begins here
+
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user2;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user3;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user4;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user5;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user5;	-- duplicate
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user6;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user7;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user8;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user9;
+CREATE USER regress_priv_user10;
+CREATE ROLE regress_priv_role;
+
+GRANT pg_read_all_data TO regress_priv_user6;
+GRANT pg_write_all_data TO regress_priv_user7;
+GRANT pg_read_all_settings TO regress_priv_user8 WITH ADMIN OPTION;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user8;
+GRANT pg_read_all_settings TO regress_priv_user9 WITH ADMIN OPTION;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user9;
+GRANT pg_read_all_settings TO regress_priv_user10;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user8;
+REVOKE pg_read_all_settings FROM regress_priv_user10;
+REVOKE ADMIN OPTION FOR pg_read_all_settings FROM regress_priv_user9;
+REVOKE pg_read_all_settings FROM regress_priv_user9;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+REVOKE ADMIN OPTION FOR pg_read_all_settings FROM regress_priv_user8;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user8;
+SET ROLE pg_read_all_settings;
+RESET ROLE;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+REVOKE pg_read_all_settings FROM regress_priv_user8;
+
+DROP USER regress_priv_user10;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user9;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user8;
+
+CREATE GROUP regress_priv_group1;
+CREATE GROUP regress_priv_group2 WITH USER regress_priv_user1, regress_priv_user2;
+
+ALTER GROUP regress_priv_group1 ADD USER regress_priv_user4;
+
+ALTER GROUP regress_priv_group2 ADD USER regress_priv_user2;	-- duplicate
+ALTER GROUP regress_priv_group2 DROP USER regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user4 WITH ADMIN OPTION;
+
+-- prepare non-leakproof function for later
+CREATE FUNCTION leak(integer,integer) RETURNS boolean
+  AS 'int4lt'
+  LANGUAGE internal IMMUTABLE STRICT;  -- but deliberately not LEAKPROOF
+ALTER FUNCTION leak(integer,integer) OWNER TO regress_priv_user1;
+
+-- test owner privileges
+
+GRANT regress_priv_role TO regress_priv_user1 WITH ADMIN OPTION GRANTED BY CURRENT_ROLE;
+REVOKE ADMIN OPTION FOR regress_priv_role FROM regress_priv_user1 GRANTED BY foo; -- error
+REVOKE ADMIN OPTION FOR regress_priv_role FROM regress_priv_user1 GRANTED BY regress_priv_user2; -- error
+REVOKE ADMIN OPTION FOR regress_priv_role FROM regress_priv_user1 GRANTED BY CURRENT_USER;
+REVOKE regress_priv_role FROM regress_priv_user1 GRANTED BY CURRENT_ROLE;
+DROP ROLE regress_priv_role;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+SELECT session_user, current_user;
+
+CREATE TABLE atest1 ( a int, b text );
+SELECT * FROM atest1;
+INSERT INTO atest1 VALUES (1, 'one');
+DELETE FROM atest1;
+UPDATE atest1 SET a = 1 WHERE b = 'blech';
+TRUNCATE atest1;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK atest1 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE;
+COMMIT;
+
+REVOKE ALL ON atest1 FROM PUBLIC;
+SELECT * FROM atest1;
+
+GRANT ALL ON atest1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT SELECT ON atest1 TO regress_priv_user3, regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT * FROM atest1;
+
+CREATE TABLE atest2 (col1 varchar(10), col2 boolean);
+GRANT SELECT ON atest2 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE ON atest2 TO regress_priv_user3;
+GRANT INSERT ON atest2 TO regress_priv_user4 GRANTED BY CURRENT_USER;
+GRANT TRUNCATE ON atest2 TO regress_priv_user5 GRANTED BY CURRENT_ROLE;
+
+GRANT TRUNCATE ON atest2 TO regress_priv_user4 GRANTED BY regress_priv_user5;  -- error
+
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT session_user, current_user;
+
+-- try various combinations of queries on atest1 and atest2
+
+SELECT * FROM atest1; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atest2; -- ok
+INSERT INTO atest1 VALUES (2, 'two'); -- ok
+INSERT INTO atest2 VALUES ('foo', true); -- fail
+INSERT INTO atest1 SELECT 1, b FROM atest1; -- ok
+UPDATE atest1 SET a = 1 WHERE a = 2; -- ok
+UPDATE atest2 SET col2 = NOT col2; -- fail
+SELECT * FROM atest1 FOR UPDATE; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atest2 FOR UPDATE; -- fail
+DELETE FROM atest2; -- fail
+TRUNCATE atest2; -- fail
+BEGIN;
+LOCK atest2 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- fail
+COMMIT;
+COPY atest2 FROM stdin; -- fail
+GRANT ALL ON atest1 TO PUBLIC; -- fail
+
+-- checks in subquery, both ok
+SELECT * FROM atest1 WHERE ( b IN ( SELECT col1 FROM atest2 ) );
+SELECT * FROM atest2 WHERE ( col1 IN ( SELECT b FROM atest1 ) );
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user6;
+SELECT * FROM atest1; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atest2; -- ok
+INSERT INTO atest2 VALUES ('foo', true); -- fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user7;
+SELECT * FROM atest1; -- fail
+SELECT * FROM atest2; -- fail
+INSERT INTO atest2 VALUES ('foo', true); -- ok
+UPDATE atest2 SET col2 = true; -- ok
+DELETE FROM atest2; -- ok
+
+-- Make sure we are not able to modify system catalogs
+UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_class SET relname = '123'; -- fail
+DELETE FROM pg_catalog.pg_class; -- fail
+UPDATE pg_toast.pg_toast_1213 SET chunk_id = 1; -- fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+SELECT session_user, current_user;
+
+SELECT * FROM atest1; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atest2; -- fail
+INSERT INTO atest1 VALUES (2, 'two'); -- fail
+INSERT INTO atest2 VALUES ('foo', true); -- fail
+INSERT INTO atest1 SELECT 1, b FROM atest1; -- fail
+UPDATE atest1 SET a = 1 WHERE a = 2; -- fail
+UPDATE atest2 SET col2 = NULL; -- ok
+UPDATE atest2 SET col2 = NOT col2; -- fails; requires SELECT on atest2
+UPDATE atest2 SET col2 = true FROM atest1 WHERE atest1.a = 5; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atest1 FOR UPDATE; -- fail
+SELECT * FROM atest2 FOR UPDATE; -- fail
+DELETE FROM atest2; -- fail
+TRUNCATE atest2; -- fail
+BEGIN;
+LOCK atest2 IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- ok
+COMMIT;
+COPY atest2 FROM stdin; -- fail
+
+-- checks in subquery, both fail
+SELECT * FROM atest1 WHERE ( b IN ( SELECT col1 FROM atest2 ) );
+SELECT * FROM atest2 WHERE ( col1 IN ( SELECT b FROM atest1 ) );
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+COPY atest2 FROM stdin; -- ok
+bar	true
+\.
+SELECT * FROM atest1; -- ok
+
+
+-- test leaky-function protections in selfuncs
+
+-- regress_priv_user1 will own a table and provide views for it.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+
+CREATE TABLE atest12 as
+  SELECT x AS a, 10001 - x AS b FROM generate_series(1,10000) x;
+CREATE INDEX ON atest12 (a);
+CREATE INDEX ON atest12 (abs(a));
+-- results below depend on having quite accurate stats for atest12, so...
+ALTER TABLE atest12 SET (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+SET default_statistics_target = 10000;
+VACUUM ANALYZE atest12;
+RESET default_statistics_target;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR <<< (procedure = leak, leftarg = integer, rightarg = integer,
+                     restrict = scalarltsel);
+
+-- views with leaky operator
+CREATE VIEW atest12v AS
+  SELECT * FROM atest12 WHERE b <<< 5;
+CREATE VIEW atest12sbv WITH (security_barrier=true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM atest12 WHERE b <<< 5;
+GRANT SELECT ON atest12v TO PUBLIC;
+GRANT SELECT ON atest12sbv TO PUBLIC;
+
+-- This plan should use nestloop, knowing that few rows will be selected.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12v x, atest12v y WHERE x.a = y.b;
+
+-- And this one.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12 x, atest12 y
+  WHERE x.a = y.b and abs(y.a) <<< 5;
+
+-- This should also be a nestloop, but the security barrier forces the inner
+-- scan to be materialized
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12sbv x, atest12sbv y WHERE x.a = y.b;
+
+-- Check if regress_priv_user2 can break security.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION leak2(integer,integer) RETURNS boolean
+  AS $$begin raise notice 'leak % %', $1, $2; return $1 > $2; end$$
+  LANGUAGE plpgsql immutable;
+CREATE OPERATOR >>> (procedure = leak2, leftarg = integer, rightarg = integer,
+                     restrict = scalargtsel);
+
+-- This should not show any "leak" notices before failing.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12 WHERE a >>> 0;
+
+-- These plans should continue to use a nestloop, since they execute with the
+-- privileges of the view owner.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12v x, atest12v y WHERE x.a = y.b;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12sbv x, atest12sbv y WHERE x.a = y.b;
+
+-- A non-security barrier view does not guard against information leakage.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12v x, atest12v y
+  WHERE x.a = y.b and abs(y.a) <<< 5;
+
+-- But a security barrier view isolates the leaky operator.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12sbv x, atest12sbv y
+  WHERE x.a = y.b and abs(y.a) <<< 5;
+
+-- Now regress_priv_user1 grants sufficient access to regress_priv_user2.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT (a, b) ON atest12 TO PUBLIC;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+
+-- regress_priv_user2 should continue to get a good row estimate.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12v x, atest12v y WHERE x.a = y.b;
+
+-- But not for this, due to lack of table-wide permissions needed
+-- to make use of the expression index's statistics.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM atest12 x, atest12 y
+  WHERE x.a = y.b and abs(y.a) <<< 5;
+
+-- clean up (regress_priv_user1's objects are all dropped later)
+DROP FUNCTION leak2(integer, integer) CASCADE;
+
+
+-- groups
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+CREATE TABLE atest3 (one int, two int, three int);
+GRANT DELETE ON atest3 TO GROUP regress_priv_group2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+
+SELECT * FROM atest3; -- fail
+DELETE FROM atest3; -- ok
+
+BEGIN;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+ALTER ROLE regress_priv_user1 NOINHERIT;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+DELETE FROM atest3;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- views
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+
+CREATE VIEW atestv1 AS SELECT * FROM atest1; -- ok
+/* The next *should* fail, but it's not implemented that way yet. */
+CREATE VIEW atestv2 AS SELECT * FROM atest2;
+CREATE VIEW atestv3 AS SELECT * FROM atest3; -- ok
+/* Empty view is a corner case that failed in 9.2. */
+CREATE VIEW atestv0 AS SELECT 0 as x WHERE false; -- ok
+
+SELECT * FROM atestv1; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atestv2; -- fail
+GRANT SELECT ON atestv1, atestv3 TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT SELECT ON atestv2 TO regress_priv_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+
+SELECT * FROM atestv1; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atestv2; -- fail
+SELECT * FROM atestv3; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atestv0; -- fail
+
+-- Appendrels excluded by constraints failed to check permissions in 8.4-9.2.
+select * from
+  ((select a.q1 as x from int8_tbl a offset 0)
+   union all
+   (select b.q2 as x from int8_tbl b offset 0)) ss
+where false;
+
+set constraint_exclusion = on;
+select * from
+  ((select a.q1 as x, random() from int8_tbl a where q1 > 0)
+   union all
+   (select b.q2 as x, random() from int8_tbl b where q2 > 0)) ss
+where x < 0;
+reset constraint_exclusion;
+
+CREATE VIEW atestv4 AS SELECT * FROM atestv3; -- nested view
+SELECT * FROM atestv4; -- ok
+GRANT SELECT ON atestv4 TO regress_priv_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+
+-- Two complex cases:
+
+SELECT * FROM atestv3; -- fail
+SELECT * FROM atestv4; -- ok (even though regress_priv_user2 cannot access underlying atestv3)
+
+SELECT * FROM atest2; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM atestv2; -- fail (even though regress_priv_user2 can access underlying atest2)
+
+-- Test column level permissions
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE TABLE atest5 (one int, two int unique, three int, four int unique);
+CREATE TABLE atest6 (one int, two int, blue int);
+GRANT SELECT (one), INSERT (two), UPDATE (three) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT ALL (one) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user3;
+
+INSERT INTO atest5 VALUES (1,2,3);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT * FROM atest5; -- fail
+SELECT one FROM atest5; -- ok
+COPY atest5 (one) TO stdout; -- ok
+SELECT two FROM atest5; -- fail
+COPY atest5 (two) TO stdout; -- fail
+SELECT atest5 FROM atest5; -- fail
+COPY atest5 (one,two) TO stdout; -- fail
+SELECT 1 FROM atest5; -- ok
+SELECT 1 FROM atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one); -- ok
+SELECT 1 FROM atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (two); -- fail
+SELECT 1 FROM atest5 a NATURAL JOIN atest5 b; -- fail
+SELECT * FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)) j; -- fail
+SELECT j.* FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)) j; -- fail
+SELECT (j.*) IS NULL FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)) j; -- fail
+SELECT one FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- ok
+SELECT j.one FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- ok
+SELECT two FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- fail
+SELECT j.two FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- fail
+SELECT y FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- fail
+SELECT j.y FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)) j; -- fail
+SELECT * FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)); -- fail
+SELECT a.* FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)); -- fail
+SELECT (a.*) IS NULL FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b USING (one)); -- fail
+SELECT two FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+SELECT a.two FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+SELECT y FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+SELECT b.y FROM (atest5 a JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+SELECT y FROM (atest5 a LEFT JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+SELECT b.y FROM (atest5 a LEFT JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+SELECT y FROM (atest5 a FULL JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+SELECT b.y FROM (atest5 a FULL JOIN atest5 b(one,x,y,z) USING (one)); -- fail
+SELECT 1 FROM atest5 WHERE two = 2; -- fail
+SELECT * FROM atest1, atest5; -- fail
+SELECT atest1.* FROM atest1, atest5; -- ok
+SELECT atest1.*,atest5.one FROM atest1, atest5; -- ok
+SELECT atest1.*,atest5.one FROM atest1 JOIN atest5 ON (atest1.a = atest5.two); -- fail
+SELECT atest1.*,atest5.one FROM atest1 JOIN atest5 ON (atest1.a = atest5.one); -- ok
+SELECT one, two FROM atest5; -- fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT (one,two) ON atest6 TO regress_priv_user4;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT one, two FROM atest5 NATURAL JOIN atest6; -- fail still
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT (two) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user4;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT one, two FROM atest5 NATURAL JOIN atest6; -- ok now
+
+-- test column-level privileges for INSERT and UPDATE
+INSERT INTO atest5 (two) VALUES (3); -- ok
+COPY atest5 FROM stdin; -- fail
+COPY atest5 (two) FROM stdin; -- ok
+1
+\.
+INSERT INTO atest5 (three) VALUES (4); -- fail
+INSERT INTO atest5 VALUES (5,5,5); -- fail
+UPDATE atest5 SET three = 10; -- ok
+UPDATE atest5 SET one = 8; -- fail
+UPDATE atest5 SET three = 5, one = 2; -- fail
+-- Check that column level privs are enforced in RETURNING
+-- Ok.
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = 10;
+-- Error. No SELECT on column three.
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = 10 RETURNING atest5.three;
+-- Ok.  May SELECT on column "one":
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = 10 RETURNING atest5.one;
+-- Check that column level privileges are enforced for EXCLUDED
+-- Ok. we may select one
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = EXCLUDED.one;
+-- Error. No select rights on three
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = EXCLUDED.three;
+INSERT INTO atest5(two) VALUES (6) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set one = 8; -- fails (due to UPDATE)
+INSERT INTO atest5(three) VALUES (4) ON CONFLICT (two) DO UPDATE set three = 10; -- fails (due to INSERT)
+
+-- Check that the columns in the inference require select privileges
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4); -- fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT INSERT (four) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4) ON CONFLICT (four) DO UPDATE set three = 3; -- fails (due to SELECT)
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT atest5_four_key DO UPDATE set three = 3; -- fails (due to SELECT)
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4); -- ok
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT (four) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4) ON CONFLICT (four) DO UPDATE set three = 3; -- ok
+INSERT INTO atest5(four) VALUES (4) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT atest5_four_key DO UPDATE set three = 3; -- ok
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+REVOKE ALL (one) ON atest5 FROM regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT SELECT (one,two,blue) ON atest6 TO regress_priv_user4;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT one FROM atest5; -- fail
+UPDATE atest5 SET one = 1; -- fail
+SELECT atest6 FROM atest6; -- ok
+COPY atest6 TO stdout; -- ok
+
+-- test column privileges with MERGE
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE TABLE mtarget (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE msource (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO mtarget VALUES (1, 'init1'), (2, 'init2');
+INSERT INTO msource VALUES (1, 'source1'), (2, 'source2'), (3, 'source3');
+
+GRANT SELECT (a) ON msource TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT SELECT (a) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT INSERT (a,b) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT UPDATE (b) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+
+--
+-- test source privileges
+--
+
+-- fail (no SELECT priv on s.b)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = s.b
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
+
+-- fail (s.b used in the INSERTed values)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = 'x'
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b);
+
+-- fail (s.b used in the WHEN quals)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND s.b = 'x' THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = 'x'
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
+
+-- this should be ok since only s.a is accessed
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = 'ok'
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT (b) ON msource TO regress_priv_user4;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+
+-- should now be ok
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = s.b
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--
+-- test target privileges
+--
+
+-- fail (no SELECT priv on t.b)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = t.b
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
+
+-- fail (no UPDATE on t.a)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = s.b, a = t.a + 1
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b);
+
+-- fail (no SELECT on t.b)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = s.b
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (a, b);
+
+-- ok
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET b = s.b;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- fail (no DELETE)
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
+	DELETE;
+
+-- grant delete privileges
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT DELETE ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
+-- should be ok now
+BEGIN;
+MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
+WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
+	DELETE;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- check error reporting with column privs
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int check (c3 < 5), primary key (c1, c2));
+GRANT SELECT (c1) ON t1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT INSERT (c1, c2, c3) ON t1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (c1, c2, c3) ON t1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+
+-- seed data
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 1, 1);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 2, 1);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2, 1, 2);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2, 2, 2);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (3, 1, 3);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+INSERT INTO t1 (c1, c2) VALUES (1, 1); -- fail, but row not shown
+UPDATE t1 SET c2 = 1; -- fail, but row not shown
+INSERT INTO t1 (c1, c2) VALUES (null, null); -- fail, but see columns being inserted
+INSERT INTO t1 (c3) VALUES (null); -- fail, but see columns being inserted or have SELECT
+INSERT INTO t1 (c1) VALUES (5); -- fail, but see columns being inserted or have SELECT
+UPDATE t1 SET c3 = 10; -- fail, but see columns with SELECT rights, or being modified
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+DROP TABLE t1;
+
+-- check error reporting with column privs on a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE errtst(a text, b text NOT NULL, c text, secret1 text, secret2 text) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE errtst_part_1(secret2 text, c text, a text, b text NOT NULL, secret1 text);
+CREATE TABLE errtst_part_2(secret1 text, secret2 text, a text, c text, b text NOT NULL);
+
+ALTER TABLE errtst ATTACH PARTITION errtst_part_1 FOR VALUES IN ('aaa');
+ALTER TABLE errtst ATTACH PARTITION errtst_part_2 FOR VALUES IN ('aaaa');
+
+GRANT SELECT (a, b, c) ON TABLE errtst TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (a, b, c) ON TABLE errtst TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT INSERT (a, b, c) ON TABLE errtst TO regress_priv_user2;
+
+INSERT INTO errtst_part_1 (a, b, c, secret1, secret2)
+VALUES ('aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc', 'the body', 'is in the attic');
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+
+-- Perform a few updates that violate the NOT NULL constraint. Make sure
+-- the error messages don't leak the secret fields.
+
+-- simple insert.
+INSERT INTO errtst (a, b) VALUES ('aaa', NULL);
+-- simple update.
+UPDATE errtst SET b = NULL;
+-- partitioning key is updated, doesn't move the row.
+UPDATE errtst SET a = 'aaa', b = NULL;
+-- row is moved to another partition.
+UPDATE errtst SET a = 'aaaa', b = NULL;
+
+-- row is moved to another partition. This differs from the previous case in
+-- that the new partition is excluded by constraint exclusion, so its
+-- ResultRelInfo is not created at ExecInitModifyTable, but needs to be
+-- constructed on the fly when the updated tuple is routed to it.
+UPDATE errtst SET a = 'aaaa', b = NULL WHERE a = 'aaa';
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+DROP TABLE errtst;
+
+-- test column-level privileges when involved with DELETE
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+ALTER TABLE atest6 ADD COLUMN three integer;
+GRANT DELETE ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user3;
+GRANT SELECT (two) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user3;
+REVOKE ALL (one) ON atest5 FROM regress_priv_user3;
+GRANT SELECT (one) ON atest5 TO regress_priv_user4;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT atest6 FROM atest6; -- fail
+SELECT one FROM atest5 NATURAL JOIN atest6; -- fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+ALTER TABLE atest6 DROP COLUMN three;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT atest6 FROM atest6; -- ok
+SELECT one FROM atest5 NATURAL JOIN atest6; -- ok
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+ALTER TABLE atest6 DROP COLUMN two;
+REVOKE SELECT (one,blue) ON atest6 FROM regress_priv_user4;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT * FROM atest6; -- fail
+SELECT 1 FROM atest6; -- fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+DELETE FROM atest5 WHERE one = 1; -- fail
+DELETE FROM atest5 WHERE two = 2; -- ok
+
+-- check inheritance cases
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+CREATE TABLE atestp1 (f1 int, f2 int);
+CREATE TABLE atestp2 (fx int, fy int);
+CREATE TABLE atestc (fz int) INHERITS (atestp1, atestp2);
+GRANT SELECT(fx,fy,tableoid) ON atestp2 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT SELECT(fx) ON atestc TO regress_priv_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT fx FROM atestp2; -- ok
+SELECT fy FROM atestp2; -- ok
+SELECT atestp2 FROM atestp2; -- ok
+SELECT tableoid FROM atestp2; -- ok
+SELECT fy FROM atestc; -- fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT SELECT(fy,tableoid) ON atestc TO regress_priv_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT fx FROM atestp2; -- still ok
+SELECT fy FROM atestp2; -- ok
+SELECT atestp2 FROM atestp2; -- ok
+SELECT tableoid FROM atestp2; -- ok
+
+-- child's permissions do not apply when operating on parent
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+REVOKE ALL ON atestc FROM regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT ALL ON atestp1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT f2 FROM atestp1; -- ok
+SELECT f2 FROM atestc; -- fail
+DELETE FROM atestp1; -- ok
+DELETE FROM atestc; -- fail
+UPDATE atestp1 SET f1 = 1; -- ok
+UPDATE atestc SET f1 = 1; -- fail
+TRUNCATE atestp1; -- ok
+TRUNCATE atestc; -- fail
+BEGIN;
+LOCK atestp1;
+END;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK atestc;
+END;
+
+-- privileges on functions, languages
+
+-- switch to superuser
+\c -
+
+REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON LANGUAGE sql FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT USAGE ON LANGUAGE sql TO regress_priv_user1; -- ok
+GRANT USAGE ON LANGUAGE c TO PUBLIC; -- fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT USAGE ON LANGUAGE sql TO regress_priv_user2; -- fail
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int) RETURNS int AS 'select 2 * $1;' LANGUAGE sql;
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc2(int) RETURNS int AS 'select 3 * $1;' LANGUAGE sql;
+CREATE AGGREGATE priv_testagg1(int) (sfunc = int4pl, stype = int4);
+CREATE PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int) AS 'select $1;' LANGUAGE sql;
+
+REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int), priv_testfunc2(int), priv_testagg1(int) FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int), priv_testfunc2(int), priv_testagg1(int) TO regress_priv_user2;
+REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION priv_testproc1(int) FROM PUBLIC; -- fail, not a function
+REVOKE ALL ON PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int) FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT EXECUTE ON PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int) TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT USAGE ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int) TO regress_priv_user3; -- semantic error
+GRANT USAGE ON FUNCTION priv_testagg1(int) TO regress_priv_user3; -- semantic error
+GRANT USAGE ON PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int) TO regress_priv_user3; -- semantic error
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int) TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc_nosuch(int) TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON FUNCTION priv_testagg1(int) TO regress_priv_user4;
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int) TO regress_priv_user4;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc4(boolean) RETURNS text
+  AS 'select col1 from atest2 where col2 = $1;'
+  LANGUAGE sql SECURITY DEFINER;
+GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION priv_testfunc4(boolean) TO regress_priv_user3;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT priv_testfunc1(5), priv_testfunc2(5); -- ok
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc3(int) RETURNS int AS 'select 2 * $1;' LANGUAGE sql; -- fail
+SELECT priv_testagg1(x) FROM (VALUES (1), (2), (3)) _(x); -- ok
+CALL priv_testproc1(6); -- ok
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+SELECT priv_testfunc1(5); -- fail
+SELECT priv_testagg1(x) FROM (VALUES (1), (2), (3)) _(x); -- fail
+CALL priv_testproc1(6); -- fail
+SELECT col1 FROM atest2 WHERE col2 = true; -- fail
+SELECT priv_testfunc4(true); -- ok
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT priv_testfunc1(5); -- ok
+SELECT priv_testagg1(x) FROM (VALUES (1), (2), (3)) _(x); -- ok
+CALL priv_testproc1(6); -- ok
+
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int); -- fail
+DROP AGGREGATE priv_testagg1(int); -- fail
+DROP PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int); -- fail
+
+\c -
+
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc1(int); -- ok
+-- restore to sanity
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON LANGUAGE sql TO PUBLIC;
+
+-- verify privilege checks on array-element coercions
+BEGIN;
+SELECT '{1}'::int4[]::int8[];
+REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION int8(integer) FROM PUBLIC;
+SELECT '{1}'::int4[]::int8[]; --superuser, succeed
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+SELECT '{1}'::int4[]::int8[]; --other user, fail
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- privileges on types
+
+-- switch to superuser
+\c -
+
+CREATE TYPE priv_testtype1 AS (a int, b text);
+REVOKE USAGE ON TYPE priv_testtype1 FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT USAGE ON TYPE priv_testtype1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT USAGE ON TYPE _priv_testtype1 TO regress_priv_user2; -- fail
+GRANT USAGE ON DOMAIN priv_testtype1 TO regress_priv_user2; -- fail
+
+CREATE DOMAIN priv_testdomain1 AS int;
+REVOKE USAGE on DOMAIN priv_testdomain1 FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT USAGE ON DOMAIN priv_testdomain1 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT USAGE ON TYPE priv_testdomain1 TO regress_priv_user2; -- ok
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+
+-- commands that should fail
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE priv_testagg1a(priv_testdomain1) (sfunc = int4_sum, stype = bigint);
+
+CREATE DOMAIN priv_testdomain2a AS priv_testdomain1;
+
+CREATE DOMAIN priv_testdomain3a AS int;
+CREATE FUNCTION castfunc(int) RETURNS priv_testdomain3a AS $$ SELECT $1::priv_testdomain3a $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE CAST (priv_testdomain1 AS priv_testdomain3a) WITH FUNCTION castfunc(int);
+DROP FUNCTION castfunc(int) CASCADE;
+DROP DOMAIN priv_testdomain3a;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc5a(a priv_testdomain1) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT $1 $$;
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc6a(b int) RETURNS priv_testdomain1 LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT $1::priv_testdomain1 $$;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR !+! (PROCEDURE = int4pl, LEFTARG = priv_testdomain1, RIGHTARG = priv_testdomain1);
+
+CREATE TABLE test5a (a int, b priv_testdomain1);
+CREATE TABLE test6a OF priv_testtype1;
+CREATE TABLE test10a (a int[], b priv_testtype1[]);
+
+CREATE TABLE test9a (a int, b int);
+ALTER TABLE test9a ADD COLUMN c priv_testdomain1;
+ALTER TABLE test9a ALTER COLUMN b TYPE priv_testdomain1;
+
+CREATE TYPE test7a AS (a int, b priv_testdomain1);
+
+CREATE TYPE test8a AS (a int, b int);
+ALTER TYPE test8a ADD ATTRIBUTE c priv_testdomain1;
+ALTER TYPE test8a ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE priv_testdomain1;
+
+CREATE TABLE test11a AS (SELECT 1::priv_testdomain1 AS a);
+
+REVOKE ALL ON TYPE priv_testtype1 FROM PUBLIC;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+
+-- commands that should succeed
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE priv_testagg1b(priv_testdomain1) (sfunc = int4_sum, stype = bigint);
+
+CREATE DOMAIN priv_testdomain2b AS priv_testdomain1;
+
+CREATE DOMAIN priv_testdomain3b AS int;
+CREATE FUNCTION castfunc(int) RETURNS priv_testdomain3b AS $$ SELECT $1::priv_testdomain3b $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE CAST (priv_testdomain1 AS priv_testdomain3b) WITH FUNCTION castfunc(int);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc5b(a priv_testdomain1) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT $1 $$;
+CREATE FUNCTION priv_testfunc6b(b int) RETURNS priv_testdomain1 LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT $1::priv_testdomain1 $$;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR !! (PROCEDURE = priv_testfunc5b, RIGHTARG = priv_testdomain1);
+
+CREATE TABLE test5b (a int, b priv_testdomain1);
+CREATE TABLE test6b OF priv_testtype1;
+CREATE TABLE test10b (a int[], b priv_testtype1[]);
+
+CREATE TABLE test9b (a int, b int);
+ALTER TABLE test9b ADD COLUMN c priv_testdomain1;
+ALTER TABLE test9b ALTER COLUMN b TYPE priv_testdomain1;
+
+CREATE TYPE test7b AS (a int, b priv_testdomain1);
+
+CREATE TYPE test8b AS (a int, b int);
+ALTER TYPE test8b ADD ATTRIBUTE c priv_testdomain1;
+ALTER TYPE test8b ALTER ATTRIBUTE b TYPE priv_testdomain1;
+
+CREATE TABLE test11b AS (SELECT 1::priv_testdomain1 AS a);
+
+REVOKE ALL ON TYPE priv_testtype1 FROM PUBLIC;
+
+\c -
+DROP AGGREGATE priv_testagg1b(priv_testdomain1);
+DROP DOMAIN priv_testdomain2b;
+DROP OPERATOR !! (NONE, priv_testdomain1);
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc5b(a priv_testdomain1);
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc6b(b int);
+DROP TABLE test5b;
+DROP TABLE test6b;
+DROP TABLE test9b;
+DROP TABLE test10b;
+DROP TYPE test7b;
+DROP TYPE test8b;
+DROP CAST (priv_testdomain1 AS priv_testdomain3b);
+DROP FUNCTION castfunc(int) CASCADE;
+DROP DOMAIN priv_testdomain3b;
+DROP TABLE test11b;
+
+DROP TYPE priv_testtype1; -- ok
+DROP DOMAIN priv_testdomain1; -- ok
+
+
+-- truncate
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user5;
+TRUNCATE atest2; -- ok
+TRUNCATE atest3; -- fail
+
+-- has_table_privilege function
+
+-- bad-input checks
+select has_table_privilege(NULL,'pg_authid','select');
+select has_table_privilege('pg_shad','select');
+select has_table_privilege('nosuchuser','pg_authid','select');
+select has_table_privilege('pg_authid','sel');
+select has_table_privilege(-999999,'pg_authid','update');
+select has_table_privilege(1,'select');
+
+-- superuser
+\c -
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'pg_authid','select');
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'pg_authid','insert');
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'pg_authid','update')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'pg_authid','delete')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+
+-- 'rule' privilege no longer exists, but for backwards compatibility
+-- has_table_privilege still recognizes the keyword and says FALSE
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,t1.oid,'rule')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1;
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,t1.oid,'references')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1;
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'insert')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+
+select has_table_privilege('pg_authid','update');
+select has_table_privilege('pg_authid','delete');
+select has_table_privilege('pg_authid','truncate');
+
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1;
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'trigger')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_authid') as t1;
+
+-- non-superuser
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'pg_class','select');
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'pg_class','insert');
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'pg_class','update')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'pg_class','delete')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,t1.oid,'references')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') as t1;
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'insert')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+
+select has_table_privilege('pg_class','update');
+select has_table_privilege('pg_class','delete');
+select has_table_privilege('pg_class','truncate');
+
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') as t1;
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'trigger')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'pg_class') as t1;
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'atest1','select');
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,'atest1','insert');
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'atest1','update')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,'atest1','delete')
+from (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+
+select has_table_privilege(current_user,t1.oid,'references')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'atest1') as t1;
+
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'atest1') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+select has_table_privilege(t2.oid,t1.oid,'insert')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'atest1') as t1,
+  (select oid from pg_roles where rolname = current_user) as t2;
+
+select has_table_privilege('atest1','update');
+select has_table_privilege('atest1','delete');
+select has_table_privilege('atest1','truncate');
+
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'select')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'atest1') as t1;
+select has_table_privilege(t1.oid,'trigger')
+from (select oid from pg_class where relname = 'atest1') as t1;
+
+-- has_column_privilege function
+
+-- bad-input checks (as non-super-user)
+select has_column_privilege('pg_authid',NULL,'select');
+select has_column_privilege('pg_authid','nosuchcol','select');
+select has_column_privilege(9999,'nosuchcol','select');
+select has_column_privilege(9999,99::int2,'select');
+select has_column_privilege('pg_authid',99::int2,'select');
+select has_column_privilege(9999,99::int2,'select');
+
+create temp table mytable(f1 int, f2 int, f3 int);
+alter table mytable drop column f2;
+select has_column_privilege('mytable','f2','select');
+select has_column_privilege('mytable','........pg.dropped.2........','select');
+select has_column_privilege('mytable',2::int2,'select');
+select has_column_privilege('mytable',99::int2,'select');
+revoke select on table mytable from regress_priv_user3;
+select has_column_privilege('mytable',2::int2,'select');
+select has_column_privilege('mytable',99::int2,'select');
+drop table mytable;
+
+-- Grant options
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+
+CREATE TABLE atest4 (a int);
+
+GRANT SELECT ON atest4 TO regress_priv_user2 WITH GRANT OPTION;
+GRANT UPDATE ON atest4 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT SELECT ON atest4 TO GROUP regress_priv_group1 WITH GRANT OPTION;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+
+GRANT SELECT ON atest4 TO regress_priv_user3;
+GRANT UPDATE ON atest4 TO regress_priv_user3; -- fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+
+REVOKE SELECT ON atest4 FROM regress_priv_user3; -- does nothing
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user3', 'atest4', 'SELECT'); -- true
+REVOKE SELECT ON atest4 FROM regress_priv_user2; -- fail
+REVOKE GRANT OPTION FOR SELECT ON atest4 FROM regress_priv_user2 CASCADE; -- ok
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'atest4', 'SELECT'); -- true
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user3', 'atest4', 'SELECT'); -- false
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'atest4', 'SELECT WITH GRANT OPTION'); -- true
+
+
+-- security-restricted operations
+\c -
+CREATE ROLE regress_sro_user;
+
+-- Check that index expressions and predicates are run as the table's owner
+
+-- A dummy index function checking current_user
+CREATE FUNCTION sro_ifun(int) RETURNS int AS $$
+BEGIN
+	-- Below we set the table's owner to regress_sro_user
+	ASSERT current_user = 'regress_sro_user',
+		format('sro_ifun(%s) called by %s', $1, current_user);
+	RETURN $1;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE;
+-- Create a table owned by regress_sro_user
+CREATE TABLE sro_tab (a int);
+ALTER TABLE sro_tab OWNER TO regress_sro_user;
+INSERT INTO sro_tab VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+-- Create an expression index with a predicate
+CREATE INDEX sro_idx ON sro_tab ((sro_ifun(a) + sro_ifun(0)))
+	WHERE sro_ifun(a + 10) > sro_ifun(10);
+DROP INDEX sro_idx;
+-- Do the same concurrently
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY sro_idx ON sro_tab ((sro_ifun(a) + sro_ifun(0)))
+	WHERE sro_ifun(a + 10) > sro_ifun(10);
+-- REINDEX
+REINDEX TABLE sro_tab;
+REINDEX INDEX sro_idx;
+REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY sro_tab;
+DROP INDEX sro_idx;
+-- CLUSTER
+CREATE INDEX sro_cluster_idx ON sro_tab ((sro_ifun(a) + sro_ifun(0)));
+CLUSTER sro_tab USING sro_cluster_idx;
+DROP INDEX sro_cluster_idx;
+-- BRIN index
+CREATE INDEX sro_brin ON sro_tab USING brin ((sro_ifun(a) + sro_ifun(0)));
+SELECT brin_desummarize_range('sro_brin', 0);
+SELECT brin_summarize_range('sro_brin', 0);
+DROP TABLE sro_tab;
+-- Check with a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE sro_ptab (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+ALTER TABLE sro_ptab OWNER TO regress_sro_user;
+CREATE TABLE sro_part PARTITION OF sro_ptab FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+ALTER TABLE sro_part OWNER TO regress_sro_user;
+INSERT INTO sro_ptab VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+CREATE INDEX sro_pidx ON sro_ptab ((sro_ifun(a) + sro_ifun(0)))
+	WHERE sro_ifun(a + 10) > sro_ifun(10);
+REINDEX TABLE sro_ptab;
+REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY sro_pidx;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_sro_user;
+CREATE FUNCTION unwanted_grant() RETURNS void LANGUAGE sql AS
+	'GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_sro_user';
+CREATE FUNCTION mv_action() RETURNS bool LANGUAGE sql AS
+	'DECLARE c CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT unwanted_grant(); SELECT true';
+-- REFRESH of this MV will queue a GRANT at end of transaction
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv AS SELECT mv_action() WITH NO DATA;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv;
+\c -
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_sro_user;
+-- INSERT to this table will queue a GRANT at end of transaction
+CREATE TABLE sro_trojan_table ();
+CREATE FUNCTION sro_trojan() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
+	'BEGIN PERFORM unwanted_grant(); RETURN NULL; END';
+CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER t AFTER INSERT ON sro_trojan_table
+    INITIALLY DEFERRED FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE sro_trojan();
+-- Now, REFRESH will issue such an INSERT, queueing the GRANT
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION mv_action() RETURNS bool LANGUAGE sql AS
+	'INSERT INTO sro_trojan_table DEFAULT VALUES; SELECT true';
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv;
+\c -
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv;
+BEGIN; SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE; REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_mv; COMMIT;
+
+-- REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY use of eval_const_expressions()
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_sro_user;
+CREATE FUNCTION unwanted_grant_nofail(int) RETURNS int
+	IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+	PERFORM unwanted_grant();
+	RAISE WARNING 'owned';
+	RETURN 1;
+EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
+	RETURN 2;
+END$$;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_index_mv AS SELECT 1 AS c;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON sro_index_mv (c) WHERE unwanted_grant_nofail(1) > 0;
+\c -
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY sro_index_mv;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW sro_index_mv;
+
+DROP OWNED BY regress_sro_user;
+DROP ROLE regress_sro_user;
+
+
+-- Admin options
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+CREATE FUNCTION dogrant_ok() RETURNS void LANGUAGE sql SECURITY DEFINER AS
+	'GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5';
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5; -- ok: had ADMIN OPTION
+SET ROLE regress_priv_group2;
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5; -- fails: SET ROLE suspended privilege
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5; -- fails: no ADMIN OPTION
+SELECT dogrant_ok();			-- ok: SECURITY DEFINER conveys ADMIN
+SET ROLE regress_priv_group2;
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5; -- fails: SET ROLE did not help
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_group2;
+GRANT regress_priv_group2 TO regress_priv_user5; -- fails: no self-admin
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+DROP FUNCTION dogrant_ok();
+REVOKE regress_priv_group2 FROM regress_priv_user5;
+
+
+-- has_sequence_privilege tests
+\c -
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE x_seq;
+
+GRANT USAGE on x_seq to regress_priv_user2;
+
+SELECT has_sequence_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'atest1', 'SELECT');
+SELECT has_sequence_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'x_seq', 'INSERT');
+SELECT has_sequence_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'x_seq', 'SELECT');
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+
+SELECT has_sequence_privilege('x_seq', 'USAGE');
+
+-- largeobject privilege tests
+\c -
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+
+SELECT lo_create(1001);
+SELECT lo_create(1002);
+SELECT lo_create(1003);
+SELECT lo_create(1004);
+SELECT lo_create(1005);
+
+GRANT ALL ON LARGE OBJECT 1001 TO PUBLIC;
+GRANT SELECT ON LARGE OBJECT 1003 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT SELECT,UPDATE ON LARGE OBJECT 1004 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT ALL ON LARGE OBJECT 1005 TO regress_priv_user2;
+GRANT SELECT ON LARGE OBJECT 1005 TO regress_priv_user2 WITH GRANT OPTION;
+
+GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON LARGE OBJECT 1001 TO PUBLIC;	-- to be failed
+GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON LARGE OBJECT 1001 TO nosuchuser;	-- to be failed
+GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON LARGE OBJECT  999 TO PUBLIC;	-- to be failed
+
+\c -
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+
+SELECT lo_create(2001);
+SELECT lo_create(2002);
+
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1001, x'20000'::int), 32);	-- allowed, for now
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1001, x'40000'::int), 'abcd');	-- fail, wrong mode
+
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1001, x'40000'::int), 32);
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1002, x'40000'::int), 32);	-- to be denied
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1003, x'40000'::int), 32);
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1004, x'40000'::int), 32);
+
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1001, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1002, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');	-- to be denied
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1003, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');	-- to be denied
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1004, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');
+
+GRANT SELECT ON LARGE OBJECT 1005 TO regress_priv_user3;
+GRANT UPDATE ON LARGE OBJECT 1006 TO regress_priv_user3;	-- to be denied
+REVOKE ALL ON LARGE OBJECT 2001, 2002 FROM PUBLIC;
+GRANT ALL ON LARGE OBJECT 2001 TO regress_priv_user3;
+
+SELECT lo_unlink(1001);		-- to be denied
+SELECT lo_unlink(2002);
+
+\c -
+-- confirm ACL setting
+SELECT oid, pg_get_userbyid(lomowner) ownername, lomacl FROM pg_largeobject_metadata WHERE oid >= 1000 AND oid < 3000 ORDER BY oid;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user3;
+
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1001, x'40000'::int), 32);
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1003, x'40000'::int), 32);	-- to be denied
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1005, x'40000'::int), 32);
+
+SELECT lo_truncate(lo_open(1005, x'20000'::int), 10);	-- to be denied
+SELECT lo_truncate(lo_open(2001, x'20000'::int), 10);
+
+-- compatibility mode in largeobject permission
+\c -
+SET lo_compat_privileges = false;	-- default setting
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1002, x'40000'::int), 32);	-- to be denied
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1002, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');	-- to be denied
+SELECT lo_truncate(lo_open(1002, x'20000'::int), 10);	-- to be denied
+SELECT lo_put(1002, 1, 'abcd');				-- to be denied
+SELECT lo_unlink(1002);					-- to be denied
+SELECT lo_export(1001, '/dev/null');			-- to be denied
+SELECT lo_import('/dev/null');				-- to be denied
+SELECT lo_import('/dev/null', 2003);			-- to be denied
+
+\c -
+SET lo_compat_privileges = true;	-- compatibility mode
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
+
+SELECT loread(lo_open(1002, x'40000'::int), 32);
+SELECT lowrite(lo_open(1002, x'20000'::int), 'abcd');
+SELECT lo_truncate(lo_open(1002, x'20000'::int), 10);
+SELECT lo_unlink(1002);
+SELECT lo_export(1001, '/dev/null');			-- to be denied
+
+-- don't allow unpriv users to access pg_largeobject contents
+\c -
+SELECT * FROM pg_largeobject LIMIT 0;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+SELECT * FROM pg_largeobject LIMIT 0;			-- to be denied
+
+-- pg_signal_backend can't signal superusers
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION terminate_nothrow(pid int) RETURNS bool
+	LANGUAGE plpgsql SECURITY DEFINER SET client_min_messages = error AS $$
+BEGIN
+	RETURN pg_terminate_backend($1);
+EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
+	RETURN false;
+END$$;
+ALTER FUNCTION terminate_nothrow OWNER TO pg_signal_backend;
+SELECT backend_type FROM pg_stat_activity
+WHERE CASE WHEN COALESCE(usesysid, 10) = 10 THEN terminate_nothrow(pid) END;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- test pg_database_owner
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+GRANT pg_database_owner TO regress_priv_user1;
+GRANT regress_priv_user1 TO pg_database_owner;
+CREATE TABLE datdba_only ();
+ALTER TABLE datdba_only OWNER TO pg_database_owner;
+REVOKE DELETE ON datdba_only FROM pg_database_owner;
+SELECT
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner', 'USAGE') as priv,
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner', 'MEMBER') as mem,
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner',
+				'MEMBER WITH ADMIN OPTION') as admin;
+
+BEGIN;
+DO $$BEGIN EXECUTE format(
+	'ALTER DATABASE %I OWNER TO regress_priv_group2', current_catalog); END$$;
+SELECT
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner', 'USAGE') as priv,
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner', 'MEMBER') as mem,
+	pg_has_role('regress_priv_user1', 'pg_database_owner',
+				'MEMBER WITH ADMIN OPTION') as admin;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
+TABLE information_schema.enabled_roles ORDER BY role_name COLLATE "C";
+TABLE information_schema.applicable_roles ORDER BY role_name COLLATE "C";
+INSERT INTO datdba_only DEFAULT VALUES;
+SAVEPOINT q; DELETE FROM datdba_only; ROLLBACK TO q;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user2;
+TABLE information_schema.enabled_roles;
+INSERT INTO datdba_only DEFAULT VALUES;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- test default ACLs
+\c -
+
+CREATE SCHEMA testns;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA testns TO regress_priv_user1;
+
+CREATE TABLE testns.acltest1 (x int);
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'SELECT'); -- no
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'INSERT'); -- no
+
+-- placeholder for test with duplicated schema and role names
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns,testns GRANT SELECT ON TABLES TO public,public;
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'SELECT'); -- no
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'INSERT'); -- no
+
+DROP TABLE testns.acltest1;
+CREATE TABLE testns.acltest1 (x int);
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'SELECT'); -- yes
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'INSERT'); -- no
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns GRANT INSERT ON TABLES TO regress_priv_user1;
+
+DROP TABLE testns.acltest1;
+CREATE TABLE testns.acltest1 (x int);
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'SELECT'); -- yes
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'INSERT'); -- yes
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns REVOKE INSERT ON TABLES FROM regress_priv_user1;
+
+DROP TABLE testns.acltest1;
+CREATE TABLE testns.acltest1 (x int);
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'SELECT'); -- yes
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.acltest1', 'INSERT'); -- no
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_priv_user1 REVOKE EXECUTE ON FUNCTIONS FROM public;
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMAS TO regress_priv_user2; -- error
+
+--
+-- Testing blanket default grants is very hazardous since it might change
+-- the privileges attached to objects created by concurrent regression tests.
+-- To avoid that, be sure to revoke the privileges again before committing.
+--
+BEGIN;
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMAS TO regress_priv_user2;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA testns2;
+
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns2', 'USAGE'); -- yes
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user6', 'testns2', 'USAGE'); -- yes
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns2', 'CREATE'); -- no
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMAS FROM regress_priv_user2;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA testns3;
+
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns3', 'USAGE'); -- no
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns3', 'CREATE'); -- no
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON SCHEMAS TO regress_priv_user2;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA testns4;
+
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns4', 'USAGE'); -- yes
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns4', 'CREATE'); -- yes
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMAS FROM regress_priv_user2;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+-- Test for DROP OWNED BY with shared dependencies.  This is done in a
+-- separate, rollbacked, transaction to avoid any trouble with other
+-- regression sessions.
+BEGIN;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON FUNCTIONS TO regress_priv_user2;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON SCHEMAS TO regress_priv_user2;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON SEQUENCES TO regress_priv_user2;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON TABLES TO regress_priv_user2;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES GRANT ALL ON TYPES TO regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_shdepend
+  WHERE deptype = 'a' AND
+        refobjid = 'regress_priv_user2'::regrole AND
+	classid = 'pg_default_acl'::regclass;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_priv_user2, regress_priv_user2;
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_shdepend
+  WHERE deptype = 'a' AND
+        refobjid = 'regress_priv_user2'::regrole AND
+	classid = 'pg_default_acl'::regclass;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA testns5;
+
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns5', 'USAGE'); -- no
+SELECT has_schema_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns5', 'CREATE'); -- no
+
+SET ROLE regress_priv_user1;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION testns.foo() RETURNS int AS 'select 1' LANGUAGE sql;
+CREATE AGGREGATE testns.agg1(int) (sfunc = int4pl, stype = int4);
+CREATE PROCEDURE testns.bar() AS 'select 1' LANGUAGE sql;
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.foo()', 'EXECUTE'); -- no
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.agg1(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- no
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.bar()', 'EXECUTE'); -- no
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns GRANT EXECUTE ON ROUTINES to public;
+
+DROP FUNCTION testns.foo();
+CREATE FUNCTION testns.foo() RETURNS int AS 'select 1' LANGUAGE sql;
+DROP AGGREGATE testns.agg1(int);
+CREATE AGGREGATE testns.agg1(int) (sfunc = int4pl, stype = int4);
+DROP PROCEDURE testns.bar();
+CREATE PROCEDURE testns.bar() AS 'select 1' LANGUAGE sql;
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.foo()', 'EXECUTE'); -- yes
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.agg1(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- yes
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.bar()', 'EXECUTE'); -- yes (counts as function here)
+
+DROP FUNCTION testns.foo();
+DROP AGGREGATE testns.agg1(int);
+DROP PROCEDURE testns.bar();
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_priv_user1 REVOKE USAGE ON TYPES FROM public;
+
+CREATE DOMAIN testns.priv_testdomain1 AS int;
+
+SELECT has_type_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.priv_testdomain1', 'USAGE'); -- no
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA testns GRANT USAGE ON TYPES to public;
+
+DROP DOMAIN testns.priv_testdomain1;
+CREATE DOMAIN testns.priv_testdomain1 AS int;
+
+SELECT has_type_privilege('regress_priv_user2', 'testns.priv_testdomain1', 'USAGE'); -- yes
+
+DROP DOMAIN testns.priv_testdomain1;
+
+RESET ROLE;
+
+SELECT count(*)
+  FROM pg_default_acl d LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON defaclnamespace = n.oid
+  WHERE nspname = 'testns';
+
+DROP SCHEMA testns CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA testns2 CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA testns3 CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA testns4 CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA testns5 CASCADE;
+
+SELECT d.*     -- check that entries went away
+  FROM pg_default_acl d LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON defaclnamespace = n.oid
+  WHERE nspname IS NULL AND defaclnamespace != 0;
+
+
+-- Grant on all objects of given type in a schema
+\c -
+
+CREATE SCHEMA testns;
+CREATE TABLE testns.t1 (f1 int);
+CREATE TABLE testns.t2 (f1 int);
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.t1', 'SELECT'); -- false
+
+GRANT ALL ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA testns TO regress_priv_user1;
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.t1', 'SELECT'); -- true
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.t2', 'SELECT'); -- true
+
+REVOKE ALL ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA testns FROM regress_priv_user1;
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.t1', 'SELECT'); -- false
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.t2', 'SELECT'); -- false
+
+CREATE FUNCTION testns.priv_testfunc(int) RETURNS int AS 'select 3 * $1;' LANGUAGE sql;
+CREATE AGGREGATE testns.priv_testagg(int) (sfunc = int4pl, stype = int4);
+CREATE PROCEDURE testns.priv_testproc(int) AS 'select 3' LANGUAGE sql;
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testfunc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true by default
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testagg(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true by default
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testproc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true by default
+
+REVOKE ALL ON ALL FUNCTIONS IN SCHEMA testns FROM PUBLIC;
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testfunc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- false
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testagg(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- false
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testproc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- still true, not a function
+
+REVOKE ALL ON ALL PROCEDURES IN SCHEMA testns FROM PUBLIC;
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testproc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- now false
+
+GRANT ALL ON ALL ROUTINES IN SCHEMA testns TO PUBLIC;
+
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testfunc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testagg(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true
+SELECT has_function_privilege('regress_priv_user1', 'testns.priv_testproc(int)', 'EXECUTE'); -- true
+
+DROP SCHEMA testns CASCADE;
+
+
+-- Change owner of the schema & and rename of new schema owner
+\c -
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_schemauser1 superuser login;
+CREATE ROLE regress_schemauser2 superuser login;
+
+SET SESSION ROLE regress_schemauser1;
+CREATE SCHEMA testns;
+
+SELECT nspname, rolname FROM pg_namespace, pg_roles WHERE pg_namespace.nspname = 'testns' AND pg_namespace.nspowner = pg_roles.oid;
+
+ALTER SCHEMA testns OWNER TO regress_schemauser2;
+ALTER ROLE regress_schemauser2 RENAME TO regress_schemauser_renamed;
+SELECT nspname, rolname FROM pg_namespace, pg_roles WHERE pg_namespace.nspname = 'testns' AND pg_namespace.nspowner = pg_roles.oid;
+
+set session role regress_schemauser_renamed;
+DROP SCHEMA testns CASCADE;
+
+-- clean up
+\c -
+
+DROP ROLE regress_schemauser1;
+DROP ROLE regress_schemauser_renamed;
+
+
+-- test that dependent privileges are revoked (or not) properly
+\c -
+
+set session role regress_priv_user1;
+create table dep_priv_test (a int);
+grant select on dep_priv_test to regress_priv_user2 with grant option;
+grant select on dep_priv_test to regress_priv_user3 with grant option;
+set session role regress_priv_user2;
+grant select on dep_priv_test to regress_priv_user4 with grant option;
+set session role regress_priv_user3;
+grant select on dep_priv_test to regress_priv_user4 with grant option;
+set session role regress_priv_user4;
+grant select on dep_priv_test to regress_priv_user5;
+\dp dep_priv_test
+set session role regress_priv_user2;
+revoke select on dep_priv_test from regress_priv_user4 cascade;
+\dp dep_priv_test
+set session role regress_priv_user3;
+revoke select on dep_priv_test from regress_priv_user4 cascade;
+\dp dep_priv_test
+set session role regress_priv_user1;
+drop table dep_priv_test;
+
+
+-- clean up
+
+\c
+
+drop sequence x_seq;
+
+DROP AGGREGATE priv_testagg1(int);
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc2(int);
+DROP FUNCTION priv_testfunc4(boolean);
+DROP PROCEDURE priv_testproc1(int);
+
+DROP VIEW atestv0;
+DROP VIEW atestv1;
+DROP VIEW atestv2;
+-- this should cascade to drop atestv4
+DROP VIEW atestv3 CASCADE;
+-- this should complain "does not exist"
+DROP VIEW atestv4;
+
+DROP TABLE atest1;
+DROP TABLE atest2;
+DROP TABLE atest3;
+DROP TABLE atest4;
+DROP TABLE atest5;
+DROP TABLE atest6;
+DROP TABLE atestc;
+DROP TABLE atestp1;
+DROP TABLE atestp2;
+
+SELECT lo_unlink(oid) FROM pg_largeobject_metadata WHERE oid >= 1000 AND oid < 3000 ORDER BY oid;
+
+DROP GROUP regress_priv_group1;
+DROP GROUP regress_priv_group2;
+
+-- these are needed to clean up permissions
+REVOKE USAGE ON LANGUAGE sql FROM regress_priv_user1;
+DROP OWNED BY regress_priv_user1;
+
+DROP USER regress_priv_user1;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user2;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user3;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user4;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user5;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user6;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user7;
+DROP USER regress_priv_user8; -- does not exist
+
+
+-- permissions with LOCK TABLE
+CREATE USER regress_locktable_user;
+CREATE TABLE lock_table (a int);
+
+-- LOCK TABLE and SELECT permission
+GRANT SELECT ON lock_table TO regress_locktable_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_locktable_user;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should fail
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS SHARE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should fail
+ROLLBACK;
+\c
+REVOKE SELECT ON lock_table FROM regress_locktable_user;
+
+-- LOCK TABLE and INSERT permission
+GRANT INSERT ON lock_table TO regress_locktable_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_locktable_user;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS SHARE MODE; -- should fail
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should fail
+ROLLBACK;
+\c
+REVOKE INSERT ON lock_table FROM regress_locktable_user;
+
+-- LOCK TABLE and UPDATE permission
+GRANT UPDATE ON lock_table TO regress_locktable_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_locktable_user;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS SHARE MODE; -- should fail
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+\c
+REVOKE UPDATE ON lock_table FROM regress_locktable_user;
+
+-- LOCK TABLE and DELETE permission
+GRANT DELETE ON lock_table TO regress_locktable_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_locktable_user;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS SHARE MODE; -- should fail
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+\c
+REVOKE DELETE ON lock_table FROM regress_locktable_user;
+
+-- LOCK TABLE and TRUNCATE permission
+GRANT TRUNCATE ON lock_table TO regress_locktable_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_locktable_user;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS SHARE MODE; -- should fail
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+LOCK TABLE lock_table IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE; -- should pass
+COMMIT;
+\c
+REVOKE TRUNCATE ON lock_table FROM regress_locktable_user;
+
+-- clean up
+DROP TABLE lock_table;
+DROP USER regress_locktable_user;
+
+-- test to check privileges of system views pg_shmem_allocations and
+-- pg_backend_memory_contexts.
+
+-- switch to superuser
+\c -
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_readallstats;
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_readallstats','pg_backend_memory_contexts','SELECT'); -- no
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_readallstats','pg_shmem_allocations','SELECT'); -- no
+
+GRANT pg_read_all_stats TO regress_readallstats;
+
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_readallstats','pg_backend_memory_contexts','SELECT'); -- yes
+SELECT has_table_privilege('regress_readallstats','pg_shmem_allocations','SELECT'); -- yes
+
+-- run query to ensure that functions within views can be executed
+SET ROLE regress_readallstats;
+SELECT COUNT(*) >= 0 AS ok FROM pg_backend_memory_contexts;
+SELECT COUNT(*) >= 0 AS ok FROM pg_shmem_allocations;
+RESET ROLE;
+
+-- clean up
+DROP ROLE regress_readallstats;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/psql.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/psql.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94a54d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/psql.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1723 @@
+--
+-- Tests for psql features that aren't closely connected to any
+-- specific server features
+--
+
+-- \set
+
+-- fail: invalid name
+\set invalid/name foo
+-- fail: invalid value for special variable
+\set AUTOCOMMIT foo
+\set FETCH_COUNT foo
+-- check handling of built-in boolean variable
+\echo :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+\echo :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK foo
+\echo :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK on
+\echo :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+\unset ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+\echo :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+
+-- \g and \gx
+
+SELECT 1 as one, 2 as two \g
+\gx
+SELECT 3 as three, 4 as four \gx
+\g
+
+-- \gx should work in FETCH_COUNT mode too
+\set FETCH_COUNT 1
+
+SELECT 1 as one, 2 as two \g
+\gx
+SELECT 3 as three, 4 as four \gx
+\g
+
+\unset FETCH_COUNT
+
+-- \g/\gx with pset options
+
+SELECT 1 as one, 2 as two \g (format=csv csv_fieldsep='\t')
+\g
+SELECT 1 as one, 2 as two \gx (title='foo bar')
+\g
+
+-- \gset
+
+select 10 as test01, 20 as test02, 'Hello' as test03 \gset pref01_
+
+\echo :pref01_test01 :pref01_test02 :pref01_test03
+
+-- should fail: bad variable name
+select 10 as "bad name"
+\gset
+
+select 97 as "EOF", 'ok' as _foo \gset IGNORE
+\echo :IGNORE_foo :IGNOREEOF
+
+-- multiple backslash commands in one line
+select 1 as x, 2 as y \gset pref01_ \\ \echo :pref01_x
+select 3 as x, 4 as y \gset pref01_ \echo :pref01_x \echo :pref01_y
+select 5 as x, 6 as y \gset pref01_ \\ \g \echo :pref01_x :pref01_y
+select 7 as x, 8 as y \g \gset pref01_ \echo :pref01_x :pref01_y
+
+-- NULL should unset the variable
+\set var2 xyz
+select 1 as var1, NULL as var2, 3 as var3 \gset
+\echo :var1 :var2 :var3
+
+-- \gset requires just one tuple
+select 10 as test01, 20 as test02 from generate_series(1,3) \gset
+select 10 as test01, 20 as test02 from generate_series(1,0) \gset
+
+-- \gset should work in FETCH_COUNT mode too
+\set FETCH_COUNT 1
+
+select 1 as x, 2 as y \gset pref01_ \\ \echo :pref01_x
+select 3 as x, 4 as y \gset pref01_ \echo :pref01_x \echo :pref01_y
+select 10 as test01, 20 as test02 from generate_series(1,3) \gset
+select 10 as test01, 20 as test02 from generate_series(1,0) \gset
+
+\unset FETCH_COUNT
+
+-- \gdesc
+
+SELECT
+    NULL AS zero,
+    1 AS one,
+    2.0 AS two,
+    'three' AS three,
+    $1 AS four,
+    sin($2) as five,
+    'foo'::varchar(4) as six,
+    CURRENT_DATE AS now
+\gdesc
+
+-- should work with tuple-returning utilities, such as EXECUTE
+PREPARE test AS SELECT 1 AS first, 2 AS second;
+EXECUTE test \gdesc
+EXPLAIN EXECUTE test \gdesc
+
+-- should fail cleanly - syntax error
+SELECT 1 + \gdesc
+
+-- check behavior with empty results
+SELECT \gdesc
+CREATE TABLE bububu(a int) \gdesc
+
+-- subject command should not have executed
+TABLE bububu;  -- fail
+
+-- query buffer should remain unchanged
+SELECT 1 AS x, 'Hello', 2 AS y, true AS "dirty\name"
+\gdesc
+\g
+
+-- all on one line
+SELECT 3 AS x, 'Hello', 4 AS y, true AS "dirty\name" \gdesc \g
+
+-- test for server bug #17983 with empty statement in aborted transaction
+set search_path = default;
+begin;
+bogus;
+;
+\gdesc
+rollback;
+
+-- \gexec
+
+create temporary table gexec_test(a int, b text, c date, d float);
+select format('create index on gexec_test(%I)', attname)
+from pg_attribute
+where attrelid = 'gexec_test'::regclass and attnum > 0
+order by attnum
+\gexec
+
+-- \gexec should work in FETCH_COUNT mode too
+-- (though the fetch limit applies to the executed queries not the meta query)
+\set FETCH_COUNT 1
+
+select 'select 1 as ones', 'select x.y, x.y*2 as double from generate_series(1,4) as x(y)'
+union all
+select 'drop table gexec_test', NULL
+union all
+select 'drop table gexec_test', 'select ''2000-01-01''::date as party_over'
+\gexec
+
+\unset FETCH_COUNT
+
+-- \setenv, \getenv
+
+-- ensure MYVAR isn't set
+\setenv MYVAR
+-- in which case, reading it doesn't change the target
+\getenv res MYVAR
+\echo :res
+-- now set it
+\setenv MYVAR 'environment value'
+\getenv res MYVAR
+\echo :res
+
+-- show all pset options
+\pset
+
+-- test multi-line headers, wrapping, and newline indicators
+-- in aligned, unaligned, and wrapped formats
+prepare q as select array_to_string(array_agg(repeat('x',2*n)),E'\n') as "ab
+
+c", array_to_string(array_agg(repeat('y',20-2*n)),E'\n') as "a
+bc" from generate_series(1,10) as n(n) group by n>1 order by n>1;
+
+\pset linestyle ascii
+
+\pset expanded off
+\pset columns 40
+
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset columns 20
+
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset linestyle old-ascii
+
+\pset expanded off
+\pset columns 40
+
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset columns 20
+
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+deallocate q;
+
+-- test single-line header and data
+prepare q as select repeat('x',2*n) as "0123456789abcdef", repeat('y',20-2*n) as "0123456789" from generate_series(1,10) as n;
+
+\pset linestyle ascii
+
+\pset expanded off
+\pset columns 40
+
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset columns 30
+
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset columns 20
+
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset linestyle old-ascii
+
+\pset expanded off
+\pset columns 40
+
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset expanded on
+
+\pset border 0
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+\pset format unaligned
+execute q;
+\pset format aligned
+execute q;
+\pset format wrapped
+execute q;
+
+deallocate q;
+
+\pset linestyle ascii
+\pset border 1
+
+-- support table for output-format tests (useful to create a footer)
+
+create table psql_serial_tab (id serial);
+
+-- test header/footer/tuples_only behavior in aligned/unaligned/wrapped cases
+
+\pset format aligned
+
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+-- empty table is a special case for this format
+select 1 where false;
+
+\pset format unaligned
+
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+
+\pset format wrapped
+
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+
+-- check conditional am display
+\pset expanded off
+
+CREATE SCHEMA tableam_display;
+CREATE ROLE regress_display_role;
+ALTER SCHEMA tableam_display OWNER TO regress_display_role;
+SET search_path TO tableam_display;
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD heap_psql TYPE TABLE HANDLER heap_tableam_handler;
+SET ROLE TO regress_display_role;
+-- Use only relations with a physical size of zero.
+CREATE TABLE tbl_heap_psql(f1 int, f2 char(100)) using heap_psql;
+CREATE TABLE tbl_heap(f1 int, f2 char(100)) using heap;
+CREATE VIEW view_heap_psql AS SELECT f1 from tbl_heap_psql;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mat_view_heap_psql USING heap_psql AS SELECT f1 from tbl_heap_psql;
+\d+ tbl_heap_psql
+\d+ tbl_heap
+\set HIDE_TABLEAM off
+\d+ tbl_heap_psql
+\d+ tbl_heap
+-- AM is displayed for tables, indexes and materialized views.
+\d+
+\dt+
+\dm+
+-- But not for views and sequences.
+\dv+
+\set HIDE_TABLEAM on
+\d+
+RESET ROLE;
+RESET search_path;
+DROP SCHEMA tableam_display CASCADE;
+DROP ACCESS METHOD heap_psql;
+DROP ROLE regress_display_role;
+
+-- test numericlocale (as best we can without control of psql's locale)
+
+\pset format aligned
+\pset expanded off
+\pset numericlocale true
+
+select n, -n as m, n * 111 as x, '1e90'::float8 as f
+from generate_series(0,3) n;
+
+\pset numericlocale false
+
+-- test asciidoc output format
+
+\pset format asciidoc
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+
+prepare q as
+  select 'some|text' as "a|title", '        ' as "empty ", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+
+deallocate q;
+
+-- test csv output format
+
+\pset format csv
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+
+prepare q as
+  select 'some"text' as "a""title", E'  <foo>\n<bar>' as "junk",
+         '   ' as "empty", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+
+\pset expanded off
+execute q;
+
+\pset expanded on
+execute q;
+
+deallocate q;
+
+-- special cases
+\pset expanded off
+select 'comma,comma' as comma, 'semi;semi' as semi;
+\pset csv_fieldsep ';'
+select 'comma,comma' as comma, 'semi;semi' as semi;
+select '\.' as data;
+\pset csv_fieldsep '.'
+select '\' as d1, '' as d2;
+
+-- illegal csv separators
+\pset csv_fieldsep ''
+\pset csv_fieldsep '\0'
+\pset csv_fieldsep '\n'
+\pset csv_fieldsep '\r'
+\pset csv_fieldsep '"'
+\pset csv_fieldsep ',,'
+
+\pset csv_fieldsep ','
+
+-- test html output format
+
+\pset format html
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+
+prepare q as
+  select 'some"text' as "a&title", E'  <foo>\n<bar>' as "junk",
+         '   ' as "empty", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+\pset tableattr foobar
+execute q;
+\pset tableattr
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+\pset tableattr foobar
+execute q;
+\pset tableattr
+
+deallocate q;
+
+-- test latex output format
+
+\pset format latex
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+
+prepare q as
+  select 'some\more_text' as "a$title", E'  #<foo>%&^~|\n{bar}' as "junk",
+         '   ' as "empty", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 3
+execute q;
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 3
+execute q;
+
+deallocate q;
+
+-- test latex-longtable output format
+
+\pset format latex-longtable
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+
+prepare q as
+  select 'some\more_text' as "a$title", E'  #<foo>%&^~|\n{bar}' as "junk",
+         '   ' as "empty", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 3
+execute q;
+
+\pset tableattr lr
+execute q;
+\pset tableattr
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 3
+execute q;
+
+\pset tableattr lr
+execute q;
+\pset tableattr
+
+deallocate q;
+
+-- test troff-ms output format
+
+\pset format troff-ms
+
+\pset border 1
+\pset expanded off
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+\pset expanded on
+\d psql_serial_tab_id_seq
+\pset tuples_only true
+\df exp
+\pset tuples_only false
+
+prepare q as
+  select 'some\text' as "a\title", E'  <foo>\n<bar>' as "junk",
+         '   ' as "empty", n as int
+  from generate_series(1,2) as n;
+
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+
+\pset expanded on
+\pset border 0
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 1
+execute q;
+
+\pset border 2
+execute q;
+
+deallocate q;
+
+-- check ambiguous format requests
+
+\pset format a
+\pset format l
+
+-- clean up after output format tests
+
+drop table psql_serial_tab;
+
+\pset format aligned
+\pset expanded off
+\pset border 1
+
+-- \echo and allied features
+
+\echo this is a test
+\echo -n without newline
+\echo with -n newline
+\echo '-n' with newline
+
+\set foo bar
+\echo foo = :foo
+
+\qecho this is a test
+\qecho foo = :foo
+
+\warn this is a test
+\warn foo = :foo
+
+-- tests for \if ... \endif
+
+\if true
+  select 'okay';
+  select 'still okay';
+\else
+  not okay;
+  still not okay
+\endif
+
+-- at this point query buffer should still have last valid line
+\g
+
+-- \if should work okay on part of a query
+select
+  \if true
+    42
+  \else
+    (bogus
+  \endif
+  forty_two;
+
+select \if false \\ (bogus \else \\ 42 \endif \\ forty_two;
+
+-- test a large nested if using a variety of true-equivalents
+\if true
+	\if 1
+		\if yes
+			\if on
+				\echo 'all true'
+			\else
+				\echo 'should not print #1-1'
+			\endif
+		\else
+			\echo 'should not print #1-2'
+		\endif
+	\else
+		\echo 'should not print #1-3'
+	\endif
+\else
+	\echo 'should not print #1-4'
+\endif
+
+-- test a variety of false-equivalents in an if/elif/else structure
+\if false
+	\echo 'should not print #2-1'
+\elif 0
+	\echo 'should not print #2-2'
+\elif no
+	\echo 'should not print #2-3'
+\elif off
+	\echo 'should not print #2-4'
+\else
+	\echo 'all false'
+\endif
+
+-- test true-false elif after initial true branch
+\if true
+	\echo 'should print #2-5'
+\elif true
+	\echo 'should not print #2-6'
+\elif false
+	\echo 'should not print #2-7'
+\else
+	\echo 'should not print #2-8'
+\endif
+
+-- test simple true-then-else
+\if true
+	\echo 'first thing true'
+\else
+	\echo 'should not print #3-1'
+\endif
+
+-- test simple false-true-else
+\if false
+	\echo 'should not print #4-1'
+\elif true
+	\echo 'second thing true'
+\else
+	\echo 'should not print #5-1'
+\endif
+
+-- invalid boolean expressions are false
+\if invalid boolean expression
+	\echo 'will not print #6-1'
+\else
+	\echo 'will print anyway #6-2'
+\endif
+
+-- test un-matched endif
+\endif
+
+-- test un-matched else
+\else
+
+-- test un-matched elif
+\elif
+
+-- test double-else error
+\if true
+\else
+\else
+\endif
+
+-- test elif out-of-order
+\if false
+\else
+\elif
+\endif
+
+-- test if-endif matching in a false branch
+\if false
+    \if false
+        \echo 'should not print #7-1'
+    \else
+        \echo 'should not print #7-2'
+    \endif
+    \echo 'should not print #7-3'
+\else
+    \echo 'should print #7-4'
+\endif
+
+-- show that vars and backticks are not expanded when ignoring extra args
+\set foo bar
+\echo :foo :'foo' :"foo"
+\pset fieldsep | `nosuchcommand` :foo :'foo' :"foo"
+
+-- show that vars and backticks are not expanded and commands are ignored
+-- when in a false if-branch
+\set try_to_quit '\\q'
+\if false
+	:try_to_quit
+	\echo `nosuchcommand` :foo :'foo' :"foo"
+	\pset fieldsep | `nosuchcommand` :foo :'foo' :"foo"
+	\a
+	\C arg1
+	\c arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4
+	\cd arg1
+	\conninfo
+	\copy arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6
+	\copyright
+	SELECT 1 as one, 2, 3 \crosstabview
+	\dt arg1
+	\e arg1 arg2
+	\ef whole_line
+	\ev whole_line
+	\echo arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5
+	\echo arg1
+	\encoding arg1
+	\errverbose
+	\f arg1
+	\g arg1
+	\gx arg1
+	\gexec
+	SELECT 1 AS one \gset
+	\h
+	\?
+	\html
+	\i arg1
+	\ir arg1
+	\l arg1
+	\lo arg1 arg2
+	\lo_list
+	\o arg1
+	\p
+	\password arg1
+	\prompt arg1 arg2
+	\pset arg1 arg2
+	\q
+	\reset
+	\s arg1
+	\set arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 arg7
+	\setenv arg1 arg2
+	\sf whole_line
+	\sv whole_line
+	\t arg1
+	\T arg1
+	\timing arg1
+	\unset arg1
+	\w arg1
+	\watch arg1
+	\x arg1
+	-- \else here is eaten as part of OT_FILEPIPE argument
+	\w |/no/such/file \else
+	-- \endif here is eaten as part of whole-line argument
+	\! whole_line \endif
+	\z
+\else
+	\echo 'should print #8-1'
+\endif
+
+-- :{?...} defined variable test
+\set i 1
+\if :{?i}
+  \echo '#9-1 ok, variable i is defined'
+\else
+  \echo 'should not print #9-2'
+\endif
+
+\if :{?no_such_variable}
+  \echo 'should not print #10-1'
+\else
+  \echo '#10-2 ok, variable no_such_variable is not defined'
+\endif
+
+SELECT :{?i} AS i_is_defined;
+
+SELECT NOT :{?no_such_var} AS no_such_var_is_not_defined;
+
+-- SHOW_CONTEXT
+
+\set SHOW_CONTEXT never
+do $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'foo';
+  raise exception 'bar';
+end $$;
+
+\set SHOW_CONTEXT errors
+do $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'foo';
+  raise exception 'bar';
+end $$;
+
+\set SHOW_CONTEXT always
+do $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'foo';
+  raise exception 'bar';
+end $$;
+
+-- test printing and clearing the query buffer
+SELECT 1;
+\p
+SELECT 2 \r
+\p
+SELECT 3 \p
+UNION SELECT 4 \p
+UNION SELECT 5
+ORDER BY 1;
+\r
+\p
+
+-- tests for special result variables
+
+-- working query, 2 rows selected
+SELECT 1 AS stuff UNION SELECT 2;
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+
+-- syntax error
+SELECT 1 UNION;
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+\echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
+
+-- empty query
+;
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+-- must have kept previous values
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+\echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
+
+-- other query error
+DROP TABLE this_table_does_not_exist;
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+\echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
+
+-- nondefault verbosity error settings (except verbose, which is too unstable)
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+SELECT 1 UNION;
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+
+\set VERBOSITY sqlstate
+SELECT 1/0;
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+
+\set VERBOSITY default
+
+-- working \gdesc
+SELECT 3 AS three, 4 AS four \gdesc
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+
+-- \gdesc with an error
+SELECT 4 AS \gdesc
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+\echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
+
+-- check row count for a cursor-fetched query
+\set FETCH_COUNT 10
+select unique2 from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 19;
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+
+-- cursor-fetched query with an error after the first group
+select 1/(15-unique2) from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 19;
+\echo 'error:' :ERROR
+\echo 'error code:' :SQLSTATE
+\echo 'number of rows:' :ROW_COUNT
+\echo 'last error message:' :LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
+\echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
+
+\unset FETCH_COUNT
+
+create schema testpart;
+create role regress_partitioning_role;
+
+alter schema testpart owner to regress_partitioning_role;
+
+set role to regress_partitioning_role;
+
+-- run test inside own schema and hide other partitions
+set search_path to testpart;
+
+create table testtable_apple(logdate date);
+create table testtable_orange(logdate date);
+create index testtable_apple_index on testtable_apple(logdate);
+create index testtable_orange_index on testtable_orange(logdate);
+
+create table testpart_apple(logdate date) partition by range(logdate);
+create table testpart_orange(logdate date) partition by range(logdate);
+
+create index testpart_apple_index on testpart_apple(logdate);
+create index testpart_orange_index on testpart_orange(logdate);
+
+-- only partition related object should be displayed
+\dP test*apple*
+\dPt test*apple*
+\dPi test*apple*
+
+drop table testtable_apple;
+drop table testtable_orange;
+drop table testpart_apple;
+drop table testpart_orange;
+
+create table parent_tab (id int) partition by range (id);
+create index parent_index on parent_tab (id);
+create table child_0_10 partition of parent_tab
+  for values from (0) to (10);
+create table child_10_20 partition of parent_tab
+  for values from (10) to (20);
+create table child_20_30 partition of parent_tab
+  for values from (20) to (30);
+insert into parent_tab values (generate_series(0,29));
+create table child_30_40 partition of parent_tab
+for values from (30) to (40)
+  partition by range(id);
+create table child_30_35 partition of child_30_40
+  for values from (30) to (35);
+create table child_35_40 partition of child_30_40
+   for values from (35) to (40);
+insert into parent_tab values (generate_series(30,39));
+
+\dPt
+\dPi
+
+\dP testpart.*
+\dP
+
+\dPtn
+\dPin
+\dPn
+\dPn testpart.*
+
+drop table parent_tab cascade;
+
+drop schema testpart;
+
+set search_path to default;
+
+set role to default;
+drop role regress_partitioning_role;
+
+-- \d on toast table (use pg_statistic's toast table, which has a known name)
+\d pg_toast.pg_toast_2619
+
+-- check printing info about access methods
+\dA
+\dA *
+\dA h*
+\dA foo
+\dA foo bar
+\dA+
+\dA+ *
+\dA+ h*
+\dA+ foo
+\dAc brin pg*.oid*
+\dAf spgist
+\dAf btree int4
+\dAo+ btree float_ops
+\dAo * pg_catalog.jsonb_path_ops
+\dAp+ btree float_ops
+\dAp * pg_catalog.uuid_ops
+
+-- check \dconfig
+set work_mem = 10240;
+\dconfig work_mem
+\dconfig+ work*
+reset work_mem;
+
+-- check \df, \do with argument specifications
+\df *sqrt
+\df *sqrt num*
+\df int*pl
+\df int*pl int4
+\df int*pl * pg_catalog.int8
+\df acl* aclitem[]
+\df has_database_privilege oid text
+\df has_database_privilege oid text -
+\dfa bit* small*
+\df *._pg_expandarray
+\do - pg_catalog.int4
+\do && anyarray *
+
+-- check \sf
+\sf information_schema._pg_expandarray
+\sf+ information_schema._pg_expandarray
+\sf+ interval_pl_time
+\sf ts_debug(text)
+\sf+ ts_debug(text)
+
+-- AUTOCOMMIT
+
+CREATE TABLE ac_test (a int);
+\set AUTOCOMMIT off
+
+INSERT INTO ac_test VALUES (1);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM ac_test;
+COMMIT;
+
+INSERT INTO ac_test VALUES (2);
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM ac_test;
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO ac_test VALUES (3);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM ac_test;
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO ac_test VALUES (4);
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM ac_test;
+COMMIT;
+
+\set AUTOCOMMIT on
+DROP TABLE ac_test;
+SELECT * FROM ac_test;  -- should be gone now
+
+-- ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK on
+CREATE TABLE oer_test (a int);
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES ('foo');
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES (3);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM oer_test;
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES (4);
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM oer_test;
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES (5);
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;
+INSERT INTO oer_test VALUES (6);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM oer_test;
+
+DROP TABLE oer_test;
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK off
+
+-- ECHO errors
+\set ECHO errors
+SELECT * FROM notexists;
+\set ECHO all
+
+--
+-- combined queries
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION warn(msg TEXT) RETURNS BOOLEAN LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS $$
+  BEGIN RAISE NOTICE 'warn %', msg ; RETURN TRUE ; END
+$$;
+
+-- show both
+SELECT 1 AS one \; SELECT warn('1.5') \; SELECT 2 AS two ;
+-- \gset applies to last query only
+SELECT 3 AS three \; SELECT warn('3.5') \; SELECT 4 AS four \gset
+\echo :three :four
+-- syntax error stops all processing
+SELECT 5 \; SELECT 6 + \; SELECT warn('6.5') \; SELECT 7 ;
+-- with aborted transaction, stop on first error
+BEGIN \; SELECT 8 AS eight \; SELECT 9/0 AS nine \; ROLLBACK \; SELECT 10 AS ten ;
+-- close previously aborted transaction
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- miscellaneous SQL commands
+-- (non SELECT output is sent to stderr, thus is not shown in expected results)
+SELECT 'ok' AS "begin" \;
+CREATE TABLE psql_comics(s TEXT) \;
+INSERT INTO psql_comics VALUES ('Calvin'), ('hobbes') \;
+COPY psql_comics FROM STDIN \;
+UPDATE psql_comics SET s = 'Hobbes' WHERE s = 'hobbes' \;
+DELETE FROM psql_comics WHERE s = 'Moe' \;
+COPY psql_comics TO STDOUT \;
+TRUNCATE psql_comics \;
+DROP TABLE psql_comics \;
+SELECT 'ok' AS "done" ;
+Moe
+Susie
+\.
+
+\set SHOW_ALL_RESULTS off
+SELECT 1 AS one \; SELECT warn('1.5') \; SELECT 2 AS two ;
+
+\set SHOW_ALL_RESULTS on
+DROP FUNCTION warn(TEXT);
+
+--
+-- AUTOCOMMIT and combined queries
+--
+\set AUTOCOMMIT off
+\echo '# AUTOCOMMIT:' :AUTOCOMMIT
+-- BEGIN is now implicit
+
+CREATE TABLE foo(s TEXT) \;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+CREATE TABLE foo(s TEXT) \;
+INSERT INTO foo(s) VALUES ('hello'), ('world') \;
+COMMIT;
+
+DROP TABLE foo \;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- table foo is still there
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY 1 \;
+DROP TABLE foo \;
+COMMIT;
+
+\set AUTOCOMMIT on
+\echo '# AUTOCOMMIT:' :AUTOCOMMIT
+-- BEGIN now explicit for multi-statement transactions
+
+BEGIN \;
+CREATE TABLE foo(s TEXT) \;
+INSERT INTO foo(s) VALUES ('hello'), ('world') \;
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN \;
+DROP TABLE foo \;
+ROLLBACK \;
+
+-- implicit transactions
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY 1 \;
+DROP TABLE foo;
+
+--
+-- test ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK and combined queries
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION psql_error(msg TEXT) RETURNS BOOLEAN AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION 'error %', msg;
+  END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK on
+\echo '# ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK:' :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+\echo '# AUTOCOMMIT:' :AUTOCOMMIT
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE bla(s NO_SUCH_TYPE);               -- fails
+CREATE TABLE bla(s TEXT);                       -- succeeds
+SELECT psql_error('oops!');                     -- fails
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Calvin'), ('Hobbes');
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT * FROM bla ORDER BY 1;
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Susie');         -- succeeds
+-- now with combined queries
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Rosalyn') \;     -- will rollback
+SELECT 'before error' AS show \;          -- will show nevertheless!
+  SELECT psql_error('boum!') \;           -- failure
+  SELECT 'after error' AS noshow;         -- hidden by preceding error
+INSERT INTO bla(s) VALUES ('Moe') \;      -- will rollback
+  SELECT psql_error('bam!');
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Miss Wormwood'); -- succeeds
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM bla ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- some with autocommit off
+\set AUTOCOMMIT off
+\echo '# AUTOCOMMIT:' :AUTOCOMMIT
+
+-- implicit BEGIN
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Dad');           -- succeeds
+SELECT psql_error('bad!');                -- implicit partial rollback
+
+INSERT INTO bla VALUES ('Mum') \;         -- will rollback
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS "#mum"
+FROM bla WHERE s = 'Mum' \;               -- but be counted here
+SELECT psql_error('bad!');                -- implicit partial rollback
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS "#mum"
+FROM bla WHERE s = 'Mum' \;               -- no mum here
+SELECT * FROM bla ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- reset all
+\set AUTOCOMMIT on
+\set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK off
+\echo '# final ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK:' :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
+DROP TABLE bla;
+DROP FUNCTION psql_error;
+
+-- check describing invalid multipart names
+\dA regression.heap
+\dA nonesuch.heap
+\dt host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dt |.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dt nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\da host.regression.pg_catalog.sum
+\da +.pg_catalog.sum
+\da nonesuch.pg_catalog.sum
+\dAc nonesuch.brin
+\dAc regression.brin
+\dAf nonesuch.brin
+\dAf regression.brin
+\dAo nonesuch.brin
+\dAo regression.brin
+\dAp nonesuch.brin
+\dAp regression.brin
+\db nonesuch.pg_default
+\db regression.pg_default
+\dc host.regression.public.conversion
+\dc (.public.conversion
+\dc nonesuch.public.conversion
+\dC host.regression.pg_catalog.int8
+\dC ).pg_catalog.int8
+\dC nonesuch.pg_catalog.int8
+\dd host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dd [.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dd nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dD host.regression.public.gtestdomain1
+\dD ].public.gtestdomain1
+\dD nonesuch.public.gtestdomain1
+\ddp host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\ddp {.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\ddp nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dE host.regression.public.ft
+\dE }.public.ft
+\dE nonesuch.public.ft
+\di host.regression.public.tenk1_hundred
+\di ..public.tenk1_hundred
+\di nonesuch.public.tenk1_hundred
+\dm host.regression.public.mvtest_bb
+\dm ^.public.mvtest_bb
+\dm nonesuch.public.mvtest_bb
+\ds host.regression.public.check_seq
+\ds regression|mydb.public.check_seq
+\ds nonesuch.public.check_seq
+\dt host.regression.public.b_star
+\dt regres+ion.public.b_star
+\dt nonesuch.public.b_star
+\dv host.regression.public.shoe
+\dv regress(ion).public.shoe
+\dv nonesuch.public.shoe
+\des nonesuch.server
+\des regression.server
+\des nonesuch.server
+\des regression.server
+\des nonesuch.username
+\des regression.username
+\dew nonesuch.fdw
+\dew regression.fdw
+\df host.regression.public.namelen
+\df regres[qrstuv]ion.public.namelen
+\df nonesuch.public.namelen
+\dF host.regression.pg_catalog.arabic
+\dF regres{1,2}ion.pg_catalog.arabic
+\dF nonesuch.pg_catalog.arabic
+\dFd host.regression.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+\dFd regres?ion.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+\dFd nonesuch.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+\dFp host.regression.pg_catalog.default
+\dFp ^regression.pg_catalog.default
+\dFp nonesuch.pg_catalog.default
+\dFt host.regression.pg_catalog.ispell
+\dFt regression$.pg_catalog.ispell
+\dFt nonesuch.pg_catalog.ispell
+\dg nonesuch.pg_database_owner
+\dg regression.pg_database_owner
+\dL host.regression.plpgsql
+\dL *.plpgsql
+\dL nonesuch.plpgsql
+\dn host.regression.public
+\dn """".public
+\dn nonesuch.public
+\do host.regression.public.!=-
+\do "regression|mydb".public.!=-
+\do nonesuch.public.!=-
+\dO host.regression.pg_catalog.POSIX
+\dO .pg_catalog.POSIX
+\dO nonesuch.pg_catalog.POSIX
+\dp host.regression.public.a_star
+\dp "regres+ion".public.a_star
+\dp nonesuch.public.a_star
+\dP host.regression.public.mlparted
+\dP "regres(sion)".public.mlparted
+\dP nonesuch.public.mlparted
+\drds nonesuch.lc_messages
+\drds regression.lc_messages
+\dRp public.mypub
+\dRp regression.mypub
+\dRs public.mysub
+\dRs regression.mysub
+\dT host.regression.public.widget
+\dT "regression{1,2}".public.widget
+\dT nonesuch.public.widget
+\dx regression.plpgsql
+\dx nonesuch.plpgsql
+\dX host.regression.public.func_deps_stat
+\dX "^regression$".public.func_deps_stat
+\dX nonesuch.public.func_deps_stat
+\dy regression.myevt
+\dy nonesuch.myevt
+
+-- check that dots within quoted name segments are not counted
+\dA "no.such.access.method"
+\dt "no.such.table.relation"
+\da "no.such.aggregate.function"
+\dAc "no.such.operator.class"
+\dAf "no.such.operator.family"
+\dAo "no.such.operator.of.operator.family"
+\dAp "no.such.operator.support.function.of.operator.family"
+\db "no.such.tablespace"
+\dc "no.such.conversion"
+\dC "no.such.cast"
+\dd "no.such.object.description"
+\dD "no.such.domain"
+\ddp "no.such.default.access.privilege"
+\di "no.such.index.relation"
+\dm "no.such.materialized.view"
+\ds "no.such.relation"
+\dt "no.such.relation"
+\dv "no.such.relation"
+\des "no.such.foreign.server"
+\dew "no.such.foreign.data.wrapper"
+\df "no.such.function"
+\dF "no.such.text.search.configuration"
+\dFd "no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+\dFp "no.such.text.search.parser"
+\dFt "no.such.text.search.template"
+\dg "no.such.role"
+\dL "no.such.language"
+\dn "no.such.schema"
+\do "no.such.operator"
+\dO "no.such.collation"
+\dp "no.such.access.privilege"
+\dP "no.such.partitioned.relation"
+\drds "no.such.setting"
+\dRp "no.such.publication"
+\dRs "no.such.subscription"
+\dT "no.such.data.type"
+\dx "no.such.installed.extension"
+\dX "no.such.extended.statistics"
+\dy "no.such.event.trigger"
+
+-- again, but with dotted schema qualifications.
+\dA "no.such.schema"."no.such.access.method"
+\dt "no.such.schema"."no.such.table.relation"
+\da "no.such.schema"."no.such.aggregate.function"
+\dAc "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.class"
+\dAf "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.family"
+\dAo "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.of.operator.family"
+\dAp "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.support.function.of.operator.family"
+\db "no.such.schema"."no.such.tablespace"
+\dc "no.such.schema"."no.such.conversion"
+\dC "no.such.schema"."no.such.cast"
+\dd "no.such.schema"."no.such.object.description"
+\dD "no.such.schema"."no.such.domain"
+\ddp "no.such.schema"."no.such.default.access.privilege"
+\di "no.such.schema"."no.such.index.relation"
+\dm "no.such.schema"."no.such.materialized.view"
+\ds "no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dt "no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dv "no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\des "no.such.schema"."no.such.foreign.server"
+\dew "no.such.schema"."no.such.foreign.data.wrapper"
+\df "no.such.schema"."no.such.function"
+\dF "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.configuration"
+\dFd "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+\dFp "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.parser"
+\dFt "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.template"
+\dg "no.such.schema"."no.such.role"
+\dL "no.such.schema"."no.such.language"
+\do "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator"
+\dO "no.such.schema"."no.such.collation"
+\dp "no.such.schema"."no.such.access.privilege"
+\dP "no.such.schema"."no.such.partitioned.relation"
+\drds "no.such.schema"."no.such.setting"
+\dRp "no.such.schema"."no.such.publication"
+\dRs "no.such.schema"."no.such.subscription"
+\dT "no.such.schema"."no.such.data.type"
+\dx "no.such.schema"."no.such.installed.extension"
+\dX "no.such.schema"."no.such.extended.statistics"
+\dy "no.such.schema"."no.such.event.trigger"
+
+-- again, but with current database and dotted schema qualifications.
+\dt regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.table.relation"
+\da regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.aggregate.function"
+\dc regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.conversion"
+\dC regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.cast"
+\dd regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.object.description"
+\dD regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.domain"
+\di regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.index.relation"
+\dm regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.materialized.view"
+\ds regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dt regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dv regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\df regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.function"
+\dF regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.configuration"
+\dFd regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+\dFp regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.parser"
+\dFt regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.template"
+\do regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.operator"
+\dO regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.collation"
+\dp regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.access.privilege"
+\dP regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.partitioned.relation"
+\dT regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.data.type"
+\dX regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.extended.statistics"
+
+-- again, but with dotted database and dotted schema qualifications.
+\dt "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.table.relation"
+\da "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.aggregate.function"
+\dc "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.conversion"
+\dC "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.cast"
+\dd "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.object.description"
+\dD "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.domain"
+\ddp "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.default.access.privilege"
+\di "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.index.relation"
+\dm "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.materialized.view"
+\ds "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dt "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dv "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\df "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.function"
+\dF "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.configuration"
+\dFd "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+\dFp "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.parser"
+\dFt "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.template"
+\do "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.operator"
+\dO "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.collation"
+\dp "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.access.privilege"
+\dP "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.partitioned.relation"
+\dT "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.data.type"
+\dX "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.extended.statistics"
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/psql_crosstab.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/psql_crosstab.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a45113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/psql_crosstab.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+--
+-- \crosstabview
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE ctv_data (v, h, c, i, d) AS
+VALUES
+   ('v1','h2','foo', 3, '2015-04-01'::date),
+   ('v2','h1','bar', 3, '2015-01-02'),
+   ('v1','h0','baz', NULL, '2015-07-12'),
+   ('v0','h4','qux', 4, '2015-07-15'),
+   ('v0','h4','dbl', -3, '2014-12-15'),
+   ('v0',NULL,'qux', 5, '2014-07-15'),
+   ('v1','h2','quux',7, '2015-04-04');
+
+-- make plans more stable
+ANALYZE ctv_data;
+
+-- running \crosstabview after query uses query in buffer
+SELECT v, EXTRACT(year FROM d), count(*)
+ FROM ctv_data
+ GROUP BY 1, 2
+ ORDER BY 1, 2;
+-- basic usage with 3 columns
+ \crosstabview
+
+-- ordered months in horizontal header, quoted column name
+SELECT v, to_char(d, 'Mon') AS "month name", EXTRACT(month FROM d) AS num,
+ count(*) FROM ctv_data  GROUP BY 1,2,3 ORDER BY 1
+ \crosstabview v "month name" 4 num
+
+-- ordered months in vertical header, ordered years in horizontal header
+SELECT EXTRACT(year FROM d) AS year, to_char(d,'Mon') AS """month"" name",
+  EXTRACT(month FROM d) AS month,
+  format('sum=%s avg=%s', sum(i), avg(i)::numeric(2,1))
+  FROM ctv_data
+  GROUP BY EXTRACT(year FROM d), to_char(d,'Mon'), EXTRACT(month FROM d)
+ORDER BY month
+\crosstabview """month"" name" year format year
+
+-- combine contents vertically into the same cell (V/H duplicates)
+SELECT v, h, string_agg(c, E'\n') FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY 1,2,3
+ \crosstabview 1 2 3
+
+-- horizontal ASC order from window function
+SELECT v,h, string_agg(c, E'\n') AS c, row_number() OVER(ORDER BY h) AS r
+FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY 1,3,2
+ \crosstabview v h c r
+
+-- horizontal DESC order from window function
+SELECT v, h, string_agg(c, E'\n') AS c, row_number() OVER(ORDER BY h DESC) AS r
+FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY 1,3,2
+ \crosstabview v h c r
+
+-- horizontal ASC order from window function, NULLs pushed rightmost
+SELECT v,h, string_agg(c, E'\n') AS c, row_number() OVER(ORDER BY h NULLS LAST) AS r
+FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY 1,3,2
+ \crosstabview v h c r
+
+-- only null, no column name, 2 columns: error
+SELECT null,null \crosstabview
+
+-- only null, no column name, 3 columns: works
+SELECT null,null,null \crosstabview
+
+-- null display
+\pset null '#null#'
+SELECT v,h, string_agg(i::text, E'\n') AS i FROM ctv_data
+GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY h,v
+ \crosstabview v h i
+\pset null ''
+
+-- refer to columns by position
+SELECT v,h,string_agg(i::text, E'\n'), string_agg(c, E'\n')
+FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY h,v
+ \crosstabview 2 1 4
+
+-- refer to columns by positions and names mixed
+SELECT v,h, string_agg(i::text, E'\n') AS i, string_agg(c, E'\n') AS c
+FROM ctv_data GROUP BY v, h ORDER BY h,v
+ \crosstabview 1 "h" 4
+
+-- refer to columns by quoted names, check downcasing of unquoted name
+SELECT 1 as "22", 2 as b, 3 as "Foo"
+ \crosstabview "22" B "Foo"
+
+-- error: bad column name
+SELECT v,h,c,i FROM ctv_data
+ \crosstabview v h j
+
+-- error: need to quote name
+SELECT 1 as "22", 2 as b, 3 as "Foo"
+ \crosstabview 1 2 Foo
+
+-- error: need to not quote name
+SELECT 1 as "22", 2 as b, 3 as "Foo"
+ \crosstabview 1 "B" "Foo"
+
+-- error: bad column number
+SELECT v,h,i,c FROM ctv_data
+ \crosstabview 2 1 5
+
+-- error: same H and V columns
+SELECT v,h,i,c FROM ctv_data
+ \crosstabview 2 h 4
+
+-- error: too many columns
+SELECT a,a,1 FROM generate_series(1,3000) AS a
+ \crosstabview
+
+-- error: only one column
+SELECT 1 \crosstabview
+
+DROP TABLE ctv_data;
+
+-- check error reporting (bug #14476)
+CREATE TABLE ctv_data (x int, y int, v text);
+
+INSERT INTO ctv_data SELECT 1, x, '*' || x FROM generate_series(1,10) x;
+SELECT * FROM ctv_data \crosstabview
+
+INSERT INTO ctv_data VALUES (1, 10, '*'); -- duplicate data to cause error
+SELECT * FROM ctv_data \crosstabview
+
+DROP TABLE ctv_data;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/publication.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/publication.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5051a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/publication.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1102 @@
+--
+-- PUBLICATION
+--
+CREATE ROLE regress_publication_user LOGIN SUPERUSER;
+CREATE ROLE regress_publication_user2;
+CREATE ROLE regress_publication_user_dummy LOGIN NOSUPERUSER;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION 'regress_publication_user';
+
+-- suppress warning that depends on wal_level
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_default;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+COMMENT ON PUBLICATION testpub_default IS 'test publication';
+SELECT obj_description(p.oid, 'pg_publication') FROM pg_publication p;
+
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpib_ins_trunct WITH (publish = insert);
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default SET (publish = update);
+
+-- error cases
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_xxx WITH (foo);
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_xxx WITH (publish = 'cluster, vacuum');
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_xxx WITH (publish_via_partition_root = 'true', publish_via_partition_root = '0');
+
+\dRp
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default SET (publish = 'insert, update, delete');
+
+\dRp
+
+--- adding tables
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_test;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl1 (id serial primary key, data text);
+CREATE TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk (foo int, bar int);
+CREATE VIEW testpub_view AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_parted (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables FOR ALL TABLES WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables SET (publish = 'insert, update');
+
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl2 (id serial primary key, data text);
+-- fail - can't add to for all tables publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables ADD TABLE testpub_tbl2;
+-- fail - can't drop from all tables publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables DROP TABLE testpub_tbl2;
+-- fail - can't add to for all tables publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables SET TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+
+-- fail - can't add schema to 'FOR ALL TABLES' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+-- fail - can't drop schema from 'FOR ALL TABLES' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+-- fail - can't set schema to 'FOR ALL TABLES' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortable FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- should be able to add schema to 'FOR TABLE' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+\dRp+ testpub_fortable
+-- should be able to drop schema from 'FOR TABLE' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+\dRp+ testpub_fortable
+-- should be able to set schema to 'FOR TABLE' publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+\dRp+ testpub_fortable
+
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+-- should be able to create publication with schema and table of the same
+-- schema
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_for_tbl_schema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test, TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub_for_tbl_schema
+
+-- weird parser corner case
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_parsertst FOR TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk, CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_parsertst FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA foo, test.foo;
+
+-- should be able to add a table of the same schema to the schema publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forschema ADD TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+\dRp+ testpub_forschema
+
+-- should be able to drop the table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forschema DROP TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+\dRp+ testpub_forschema
+
+-- fail - can't drop a table from the schema publication which isn't in the
+-- publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forschema DROP TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+-- should be able to set table to schema publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forschema SET TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+\dRp+ testpub_forschema
+
+SELECT pubname, puballtables FROM pg_publication WHERE pubname = 'testpub_foralltables';
+\d+ testpub_tbl2
+\dRp+ testpub_foralltables
+
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl2;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables, testpub_fortable, testpub_forschema, testpub_for_tbl_schema;
+
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl3 (a int);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl3a (b text) INHERITS (testpub_tbl3);
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub3 FOR TABLE testpub_tbl3;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub4 FOR TABLE ONLY testpub_tbl3;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub3
+\dRp+ testpub4
+
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl3, testpub_tbl3a;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub3, testpub4;
+
+-- Tests for partitioned tables
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forparted;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forparted1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_parted1 (LIKE testpub_parted);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_parted2 (LIKE testpub_parted);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forparted1 SET (publish='insert');
+ALTER TABLE testpub_parted ATTACH PARTITION testpub_parted1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_parted ATTACH PARTITION testpub_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+-- works despite missing REPLICA IDENTITY, because updates are not replicated
+UPDATE testpub_parted1 SET a = 1;
+-- only parent is listed as being in publication, not the partition
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forparted ADD TABLE testpub_parted;
+\dRp+ testpub_forparted
+-- works despite missing REPLICA IDENTITY, because no actual update happened
+UPDATE testpub_parted SET a = 1 WHERE false;
+-- should now fail, because parent's publication replicates updates
+UPDATE testpub_parted1 SET a = 1;
+ALTER TABLE testpub_parted DETACH PARTITION testpub_parted1;
+-- works again, because parent's publication is no longer considered
+UPDATE testpub_parted1 SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forparted SET (publish_via_partition_root = true);
+\dRp+ testpub_forparted
+-- still fail, because parent's publication replicates updates
+UPDATE testpub_parted2 SET a = 2;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_forparted DROP TABLE testpub_parted;
+-- works again, because update is no longer replicated
+UPDATE testpub_parted2 SET a = 2;
+DROP TABLE testpub_parted1, testpub_parted2;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_forparted, testpub_forparted1;
+
+-- Tests for row filters
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 (a integer, b text);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_tbl2 (c text, d integer);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 (e integer);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_tbl4 (g text);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_tbl5 (a xml);
+CREATE SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema1;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_schema1.testpub_rf_tbl5 (h integer);
+CREATE SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema2;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_rf_schema2.testpub_rf_tbl6 (i integer);
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+-- Firstly, test using the option publish='insert' because the row filter
+-- validation of referenced columns is less strict than for delete/update.
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub5 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1, testpub_rf_tbl2 WHERE (c <> 'test' AND d < 5) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub5
+\d testpub_rf_tbl3
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 ADD TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e > 1000 AND e < 2000);
+\dRp+ testpub5
+\d testpub_rf_tbl3
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl2;
+\dRp+ testpub5
+-- remove testpub_rf_tbl1 and add testpub_rf_tbl3 again (another WHERE expression)
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e > 300 AND e < 500);
+\dRp+ testpub5
+\d testpub_rf_tbl3
+-- test \d <tablename> (now it displays filter information)
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_rf_yes FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a > 1) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_rf_no FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\d testpub_rf_tbl1
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_rf_yes, testpub_rf_no;
+-- some more syntax tests to exercise other parser pathways
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_syntax1 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1, ONLY testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e < 999) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub_syntax1
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_syntax1;
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_syntax2 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1, testpub_rf_schema1.testpub_rf_tbl5 WHERE (h < 999) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub_syntax2
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_syntax2;
+-- fail - schemas don't allow WHERE clause
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_syntax3 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema1 WHERE (a = 123);
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_syntax3 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema1, testpub_rf_schema1 WHERE (a = 123);
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- fail - duplicate tables are not allowed if that table has any WHERE clause
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_dups FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a = 1), testpub_rf_tbl1 WITH (publish = 'insert');
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_dups FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1, testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a = 2) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- fail - publication WHERE clause must be boolean
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (1234);
+-- fail - aggregate functions not allowed in WHERE clause
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e < AVG(e));
+-- fail - user-defined operators are not allowed
+CREATE FUNCTION testpub_rf_func1(integer, integer) RETURNS boolean AS $$ SELECT hashint4($1) > $2 $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+CREATE OPERATOR =#> (PROCEDURE = testpub_rf_func1, LEFTARG = integer, RIGHTARG = integer);
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3 WHERE (e =#> 27);
+-- fail - user-defined functions are not allowed
+CREATE FUNCTION testpub_rf_func2() RETURNS integer AS $$ BEGIN RETURN 123; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 ADD TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a >= testpub_rf_func2());
+-- fail - non-immutable functions are not allowed. random() is volatile.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 ADD TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a < random());
+-- fail - user-defined collations are not allowed
+CREATE COLLATION user_collation FROM "C";
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 ADD TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (b < '2' COLLATE user_collation);
+-- ok - NULLIF is allowed
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (NULLIF(1,2) = a);
+-- ok - built-in operators are allowed
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a IS NULL);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE ((a > 5) IS FALSE);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a IS DISTINCT FROM 5);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE ((a, a + 1) < (2, 3));
+-- ok - built-in type coercions between two binary compatible datatypes are allowed
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (b::varchar < '2');
+-- ok - immutable built-in functions are allowed
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl4 WHERE (length(g) < 6);
+-- fail - user-defined types are not allowed
+CREATE TYPE rf_bug_status AS ENUM ('new', 'open', 'closed');
+CREATE TABLE rf_bug (id serial, description text, status rf_bug_status);
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE rf_bug WHERE (status = 'open') WITH (publish = 'insert');
+DROP TABLE rf_bug;
+DROP TYPE rf_bug_status;
+-- fail - row filter expression is not simple
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a IN (SELECT generate_series(1,5)));
+-- fail - system columns are not allowed
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE ('(0,1)'::tid = ctid);
+-- ok - conditional expressions are allowed
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl5 WHERE (a IS DOCUMENT);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl5 WHERE (xmlexists('//foo[text() = ''bar'']' PASSING BY VALUE a));
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (NULLIF(1, 2) = a);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (CASE a WHEN 5 THEN true ELSE false END);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (COALESCE(b, 'foo') = 'foo');
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (GREATEST(a, 10) > 10);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (a IN (2, 4, 6));
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (ARRAY[a] <@ ARRAY[2, 4, 6]);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 SET TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (ROW(a, 2) IS NULL);
+-- fail - WHERE not allowed in DROP
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub5 DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1 WHERE (e < 27);
+-- fail - cannot ALTER SET table which is a member of a pre-existing schema
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema2;
+-- should be able to set publication with schema and table of the same schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema2, TABLE testpub_rf_schema2.testpub_rf_tbl6 WHERE (i < 99);
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub6
+
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl1;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl2;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl3;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl4;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_tbl5;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_schema1.testpub_rf_tbl5;
+DROP TABLE testpub_rf_schema2.testpub_rf_tbl6;
+DROP SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema1;
+DROP SCHEMA testpub_rf_schema2;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub5;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub6;
+DROP OPERATOR =#>(integer, integer);
+DROP FUNCTION testpub_rf_func1(integer, integer);
+DROP FUNCTION testpub_rf_func2();
+DROP COLLATION user_collation;
+
+-- ======================================================
+-- More row filter tests for validating column references
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk(a int, b int, c int, d int);
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk(a int, b int, c int, d int, PRIMARY KEY(a,b));
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int) PARTITION by RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 (b int, a int PRIMARY KEY);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk ATTACH PARTITION rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+
+-- Case 1. REPLICA IDENTITY DEFAULT (means use primary key or nothing)
+-- 1a. REPLICA IDENTITY is DEFAULT and table has a PK.
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (a > 99);
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- ok - "a" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (b > 99);
+-- ok - "b" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (c > 99);
+-- fail - "c" is not part of the PK
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (d > 99);
+-- fail - "d" is not part of the PK
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+-- 1b. REPLICA IDENTITY is DEFAULT and table has no PK
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- fail - "a" is not part of REPLICA IDENTITY
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+
+-- Case 2. REPLICA IDENTITY FULL
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (c > 99);
+-- ok - "c" is in REPLICA IDENTITY now even though not in PK
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- ok - "a" is in REPLICA IDENTITY now
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+
+-- Case 3. REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- fail - "a" is in PK but it is not part of REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (c > 99);
+-- fail - "c" is not in PK and not in REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- fail - "a" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+
+-- Case 4. REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk ALTER COLUMN c SET NOT NULL;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_abcd_pk_c ON rf_tbl_abcd_pk(c);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX idx_abcd_pk_c;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk ALTER COLUMN c SET NOT NULL;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_abcd_nopk_c ON rf_tbl_abcd_nopk(c);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX idx_abcd_nopk_c;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- fail - "a" is in PK but it is not part of REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk WHERE (c > 99);
+-- ok - "c" is not in PK but it is part of REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- fail - "a" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk WHERE (c > 99);
+-- ok - "c" is part of REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+
+-- Tests for partitioned table
+
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to false and test row filter for partitioned
+-- table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- fail - cannot use row filter for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- ok - can use row filter for partition
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 WHERE (a > 99);
+-- ok - "a" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to true and test row filter for partitioned
+-- table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+-- ok - can use row filter for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk WHERE (a > 99);
+-- ok - "a" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+-- fail - cannot set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to false if any row filter is
+-- used for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- remove partitioned table's row filter
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk;
+-- ok - we don't have row filter for partitioned table.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- Now change the root filter to use a column "b"
+-- (which is not in the replica identity)
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 WHERE (b > 99);
+-- ok - we don't have row filter for partitioned table.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- fail - "b" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to true
+-- can use row filter for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+-- ok - can use row filter for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk WHERE (b > 99);
+-- fail - "b" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub6;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk;
+-- ======================================================
+
+-- fail - duplicate tables are not allowed if that table has any column lists
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_dups FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1 (a), testpub_tbl1 WITH (publish = 'insert');
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_dups FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1, testpub_tbl1 (a) WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+-- test for column lists
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortable FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortable_insert WITH (publish = 'insert');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text, c text,
+	d int generated always as (a + length(b)) stored);
+-- error: column "x" does not exist
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a, x);
+-- error: replica identity "a" not included in the column list
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (b, c);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl5 SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable DROP TABLE testpub_tbl5;
+-- error: generated column "d" can't be in list
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a, d);
+-- error: system attributes "ctid" not allowed in column list
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a, ctid);
+-- ok
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a, c);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl5 DROP COLUMN c;		-- no dice
+-- ok: for insert-only publication, any column list is acceptable
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable_insert ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (b, c);
+
+/* not all replica identities are good enough */
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX testpub_tbl5_b_key ON testpub_tbl5 (b, c);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl5 ALTER b SET NOT NULL, ALTER c SET NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl5 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl5_b_key;
+-- error: replica identity (b,c) is not covered by column list (a, c)
+UPDATE testpub_tbl5 SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable DROP TABLE testpub_tbl5;
+
+-- error: change the replica identity to "b", and column list to (a, c)
+-- then update fails, because (a, c) does not cover replica identity
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl5 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl5_b_key;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a, c);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl5 SET a = 1;
+
+/* But if upd/del are not published, it works OK */
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_table_ins WITH (publish = 'insert, truncate');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_table_ins ADD TABLE testpub_tbl5 (a);		-- ok
+\dRp+ testpub_table_ins
+
+-- tests with REPLICA IDENTITY FULL
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl6 (a int, b text, c text);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl6 REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl6 (a, b, c);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl6 SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable DROP TABLE testpub_tbl6;
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl6; -- ok
+UPDATE testpub_tbl6 SET a = 1;
+
+-- make sure changing the column list is propagated to the catalog
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl7 (a int primary key, b text, c text);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable ADD TABLE testpub_tbl7 (a, b);
+\d+ testpub_tbl7
+-- ok: the column list is the same, we should skip this table (or at least not fail)
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable SET TABLE testpub_tbl7 (a, b);
+\d+ testpub_tbl7
+-- ok: the column list changes, make sure the catalog gets updated
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortable SET TABLE testpub_tbl7 (a, c);
+\d+ testpub_tbl7
+
+-- column list for partitioned tables has to cover replica identities for
+-- all child relations
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a int, b text, c text) PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+-- first partition has replica identity "a"
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 PARTITION OF testpub_tbl8 FOR VALUES WITH (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_0_pkey;
+-- second partition has replica identity "b"
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 PARTITION OF testpub_tbl8 FOR VALUES WITH (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (b);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_1_pkey;
+
+-- ok: column list covers both "a" and "b"
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_col_list FOR TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, b) WITH (publish_via_partition_root = 'true');
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+-- ok: the same thing, but try plain ADD TABLE
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list DROP TABLE testpub_tbl8;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list ADD TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, b);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+
+-- failure: column list does not cover replica identity for the second partition
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list DROP TABLE testpub_tbl8;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list ADD TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, c);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list DROP TABLE testpub_tbl8;
+
+-- failure: one of the partitions has REPLICA IDENTITY FULL
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list ADD TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, c);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list DROP TABLE testpub_tbl8;
+
+-- add table and then try changing replica identity
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_1_pkey;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list ADD TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, b);
+
+-- failure: replica identity full can't be used with a column list
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+
+-- failure: replica identity has to be covered by the column list
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 DROP CONSTRAINT testpub_tbl8_1_pkey;
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (c);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_1_pkey;
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl8;
+
+-- column list for partitioned tables has to cover replica identities for
+-- all child relations
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a int, b text, c text) PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_col_list ADD TABLE testpub_tbl8 (a, b);
+-- first partition has replica identity "a"
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 (a int, b text, c text);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_0_pkey;
+-- second partition has replica identity "b"
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 (a int, b text, c text);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (c);
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_1 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl8_1_pkey;
+
+-- ok: attaching first partition works, because (a) is in column list
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8 ATTACH PARTITION testpub_tbl8_0 FOR VALUES WITH (modulus 2, remainder 0);
+-- failure: second partition has replica identity (c), which si not in column list
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8 ATTACH PARTITION testpub_tbl8_1 FOR VALUES WITH (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+
+-- failure: changing replica identity to FULL for partition fails, because
+-- of the column list on the parent
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl8_0 REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+UPDATE testpub_tbl8 SET a = 1;
+
+-- test that using column list for table is disallowed if any schemas are
+-- part of the publication
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+-- failure - cannot use column list and schema together
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA public, TABLE public.testpub_tbl7(a);
+-- ok - only publish schema
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA public;
+-- failure - add a table with column list when there is already a schema in the
+-- publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 ADD TABLE public.testpub_tbl7(a);
+-- ok - only publish table with column list
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 SET TABLE public.testpub_tbl7(a);
+-- failure - specify a schema when there is already a column list in the
+-- publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA public;
+-- failure - cannot SET column list and schema together
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 SET TABLES IN SCHEMA public, TABLE public.testpub_tbl7(a);
+-- ok - drop table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 DROP TABLE public.testpub_tbl7;
+-- failure - cannot ADD column list and schema together
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_tbl9 ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA public, TABLE public.testpub_tbl7(a);
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl5, testpub_tbl6, testpub_tbl7, testpub_tbl8, testpub_tbl8_1;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_table_ins, testpub_fortable, testpub_fortable_insert, testpub_col_list, testpub_tbl9;
+-- ======================================================
+
+-- Test combination of column list and row filter
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_both_filters;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl_both_filters (a int, b int, c int, PRIMARY KEY (a,c));
+ALTER TABLE testpub_tbl_both_filters REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX testpub_tbl_both_filters_pkey;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_both_filters ADD TABLE testpub_tbl_both_filters (a,c) WHERE (c != 1);
+\dRp+ testpub_both_filters
+\d+ testpub_tbl_both_filters
+
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl_both_filters;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_both_filters;
+-- ======================================================
+
+-- More column list tests for validating column references
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk(a int, b int, c int, d int);
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk(a int, b int, c int, d int, PRIMARY KEY(a,b));
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int) PARTITION by RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 (b int, a int PRIMARY KEY);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk ATTACH PARTITION rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+
+-- Case 1. REPLICA IDENTITY DEFAULT (means use primary key or nothing)
+
+-- 1a. REPLICA IDENTITY is DEFAULT and table has a PK.
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6 FOR TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a, b);
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- ok - (a,b) coverts all PK cols
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a, b, c);
+-- ok - (a,b,c) coverts all PK cols
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a);
+-- fail - "b" is missing from the column list
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (b);
+-- fail - "a" is missing from the column list
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+
+-- 1b. REPLICA IDENTITY is DEFAULT and table has no PK
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk (a);
+-- ok - there's no replica identity, so any column list works
+-- note: it fails anyway, just a bit later because UPDATE requires RI
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+
+-- Case 2. REPLICA IDENTITY FULL
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (c);
+-- fail - with REPLICA IDENTITY FULL no column list is allowed
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk (a, b, c, d);
+-- fail - with REPLICA IDENTITY FULL no column list is allowed
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+
+-- Case 3. REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a);
+-- ok - REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING means all column lists are valid
+-- it still fails later because without RI we can't replicate updates
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a, b, c, d);
+-- ok - REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING means all column lists are valid
+-- it still fails later because without RI we can't replicate updates
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk (d);
+-- ok - REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING means all column lists are valid
+-- it still fails later because without RI we can't replicate updates
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+
+-- Case 4. REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk ALTER COLUMN c SET NOT NULL;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_abcd_pk_c ON rf_tbl_abcd_pk(c);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX idx_abcd_pk_c;
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk ALTER COLUMN c SET NOT NULL;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_abcd_nopk_c ON rf_tbl_abcd_nopk(c);
+ALTER TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX idx_abcd_nopk_c;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (a);
+-- fail - column list "a" does not cover the REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX on "c"
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk (c);
+-- ok - column list "c" does cover the REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX on "c"
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_pk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk (a);
+-- fail - column list "a" does not cover the REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX on "c"
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk (c);
+-- ok - column list "c" does cover the REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX on "c"
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk SET a = 1;
+
+-- Tests for partitioned table
+
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to false and test column list for partitioned
+-- table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- fail - cannot use column list for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk (a);
+-- ok - can use column list for partition
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 (a);
+-- ok - "a" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to true and test column list for partitioned
+-- table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+-- ok - can use column list for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk (a);
+-- ok - "a" is a PK col
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+-- fail - cannot set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to false if any column list is
+-- used for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- remove partitioned table's column list
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk;
+-- ok - we don't have column list for partitioned table.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- Now change the root column list to use a column "b"
+-- (which is not in the replica identity)
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk_1 (b);
+-- ok - we don't have column list for partitioned table.
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+-- fail - "b" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+-- set PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT to true
+-- can use column list for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+-- ok - can use column list for partitioned table
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub6 SET TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk (b);
+-- fail - "b" is not in REPLICA IDENTITY INDEX
+UPDATE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk SET a = 1;
+
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub6;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_pk;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_nopk;
+DROP TABLE rf_tbl_abcd_part_pk;
+-- ======================================================
+
+-- Test cache invalidation FOR ALL TABLES publication
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE TABLE testpub_tbl4(a int);
+INSERT INTO testpub_tbl4 values(1);
+UPDATE testpub_tbl4 set a = 2;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables FOR ALL TABLES;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- fail missing REPLICA IDENTITY
+UPDATE testpub_tbl4 set a = 3;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_foralltables;
+-- should pass after dropping the publication
+UPDATE testpub_tbl4 set a = 3;
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl4;
+
+-- fail - view
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortbl FOR TABLE testpub_view;
+
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE testpub_temptbl(a int);
+-- fail - temporary table
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortemptbl FOR TABLE testpub_temptbl;
+DROP TABLE testpub_temptbl;
+
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE testpub_unloggedtbl(a int);
+-- fail - unlogged table
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forunloggedtbl FOR TABLE testpub_unloggedtbl;
+DROP TABLE testpub_unloggedtbl;
+
+-- fail - system table
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forsystemtbl FOR TABLE pg_publication;
+
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortbl FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1, pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- fail - already added
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_fortbl ADD TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+-- fail - already added
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortbl FOR TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+
+\dRp+ testpub_fortbl
+
+-- fail - view
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default ADD TABLE testpub_view;
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default ADD TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default SET TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default ADD TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpib_ins_trunct ADD TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk, testpub_tbl1;
+
+\d+ pub_test.testpub_nopk
+\d+ testpub_tbl1
+\dRp+ testpub_default
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default DROP TABLE testpub_tbl1, pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+-- fail - nonexistent
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default DROP TABLE pub_test.testpub_nopk;
+
+\d+ testpub_tbl1
+
+-- verify relation cache invalidation when a primary key is added using
+-- an existing index
+CREATE TABLE pub_test.testpub_addpk (id int not null, data int);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default ADD TABLE pub_test.testpub_addpk;
+INSERT INTO pub_test.testpub_addpk VALUES(1, 11);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX testpub_addpk_id_idx ON pub_test.testpub_addpk(id);
+-- fail:
+UPDATE pub_test.testpub_addpk SET id = 2;
+ALTER TABLE pub_test.testpub_addpk ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX testpub_addpk_id_idx;
+-- now it should work:
+UPDATE pub_test.testpub_addpk SET id = 2;
+DROP TABLE pub_test.testpub_addpk;
+
+-- permissions
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user2;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub2;  -- fail
+
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user;
+GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE regression TO regress_publication_user2;
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user2;
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub2;  -- ok
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub3 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;  -- fail
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub3;  -- ok
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub2 ADD TABLE testpub_tbl1;  -- fail
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub3 ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;  -- fail
+
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user;
+GRANT regress_publication_user TO regress_publication_user2;
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user2;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub2 ADD TABLE testpub_tbl1;  -- ok
+
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub2;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub3;
+
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user;
+CREATE ROLE regress_publication_user3;
+GRANT regress_publication_user2 TO regress_publication_user3;
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub4 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub4 OWNER TO regress_publication_user3;
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user3;
+-- fail - new owner must be superuser
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub4 owner to regress_publication_user2; -- fail
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub4 owner to regress_publication_user; -- ok
+
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub4;
+DROP ROLE regress_publication_user3;
+
+REVOKE CREATE ON DATABASE regression FROM regress_publication_user2;
+
+DROP TABLE testpub_parted;
+DROP TABLE testpub_tbl1;
+
+\dRp+ testpub_default
+
+-- fail - must be owner of publication
+SET ROLE regress_publication_user_dummy;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default RENAME TO testpub_dummy;
+RESET ROLE;
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default RENAME TO testpub_foo;
+
+\dRp testpub_foo
+
+-- rename back to keep the rest simple
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_foo RENAME TO testpub_default;
+
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub_default OWNER TO regress_publication_user2;
+
+\dRp testpub_default
+
+-- adding schemas and tables
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_test1;
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_test2;
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_test3;
+CREATE SCHEMA "CURRENT_SCHEMA";
+CREATE TABLE pub_test1.tbl (id int, data text);
+CREATE TABLE pub_test1.tbl1 (id serial primary key, data text);
+CREATE TABLE pub_test2.tbl1 (id serial primary key, data text);
+CREATE TABLE "CURRENT_SCHEMA"."CURRENT_SCHEMA"(id int);
+
+-- suppress warning that depends on wal_level
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub2_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1, pub_test2, pub_test3;
+\dRp+ testpub2_forschema
+
+-- check create publication on CURRENT_SCHEMA
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub3_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub4_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA "CURRENT_SCHEMA";
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub5_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA CURRENT_SCHEMA, "CURRENT_SCHEMA";
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub6_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA "CURRENT_SCHEMA", CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortable FOR TABLE "CURRENT_SCHEMA"."CURRENT_SCHEMA";
+
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+\dRp+ testpub3_forschema
+\dRp+ testpub4_forschema
+\dRp+ testpub5_forschema
+\dRp+ testpub6_forschema
+\dRp+ testpub_fortable
+
+-- check create publication on CURRENT_SCHEMA where search_path is not set
+SET SEARCH_PATH='';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+RESET SEARCH_PATH;
+
+-- check create publication on CURRENT_SCHEMA where TABLE/TABLES in SCHEMA
+-- is not specified
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema1 FOR CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+
+-- check create publication on CURRENT_SCHEMA along with FOR TABLE
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema1 FOR TABLE CURRENT_SCHEMA;
+
+-- check create publication on a schema that does not exist
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA non_existent_schema;
+
+-- check create publication on a system schema
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pg_catalog;
+
+-- check create publication on an object which is not schema
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema1 FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA testpub_view;
+
+-- dropping the schema should reflect the change in publication
+DROP SCHEMA pub_test3;
+\dRp+ testpub2_forschema
+
+-- renaming the schema should reflect the change in publication
+ALTER SCHEMA pub_test1 RENAME to pub_test1_renamed;
+\dRp+ testpub2_forschema
+
+ALTER SCHEMA pub_test1_renamed RENAME to pub_test1;
+\dRp+ testpub2_forschema
+
+-- alter publication add schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test2;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+
+-- add non existent schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA non_existent_schema;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+
+-- add a schema which is already added to the publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+
+-- alter publication drop schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test2;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+
+-- drop schema that is not present in the publication
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test2;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+
+-- drop a schema that does not exist in the system
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA non_existent_schema;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+
+-- drop all schemas
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+
+-- alter publication set multiple schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1, pub_test2;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+
+-- alter publication set non-existent schema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema SET TABLES IN SCHEMA non_existent_schema;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+
+-- alter publication set it duplicate schemas should set the schemas after
+-- removing the duplicate schemas
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1, pub_test1;
+\dRp+ testpub1_forschema
+
+-- Verify that it fails to add a schema with a column specification
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA foo (a, b);
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema ADD TABLES IN SCHEMA foo, bar (a, b);
+
+-- cleanup pub_test1 schema for invalidation tests
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub2_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub3_forschema, testpub4_forschema, testpub5_forschema, testpub6_forschema, testpub_fortable;
+DROP SCHEMA "CURRENT_SCHEMA" CASCADE;
+
+-- verify relation cache invalidations through update statement for the
+-- default REPLICA IDENTITY on the relation, if schema is part of the
+-- publication then update will fail because relation's relreplident
+-- option will be set, if schema is not part of the publication then update
+-- will be successful.
+INSERT INTO pub_test1.tbl VALUES(1, 'test');
+
+-- fail
+UPDATE pub_test1.tbl SET id = 2;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema DROP TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+
+-- success
+UPDATE pub_test1.tbl SET id = 2;
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+
+-- fail
+UPDATE pub_test1.tbl SET id = 2;
+
+-- verify invalidation of partition table having parent and child tables in
+-- different schema
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_testpart1;
+CREATE SCHEMA pub_testpart2;
+
+CREATE TABLE pub_testpart1.parent1 (a int) partition by list (a);
+CREATE TABLE pub_testpart2.child_parent1 partition of pub_testpart1.parent1 for values in (1);
+INSERT INTO pub_testpart2.child_parent1 values(1);
+UPDATE pub_testpart2.child_parent1 set a = 1;
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpubpart_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_testpart1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+-- fail
+UPDATE pub_testpart1.parent1 set a = 1;
+UPDATE pub_testpart2.child_parent1 set a = 1;
+
+DROP PUBLICATION testpubpart_forschema;
+
+-- verify invalidation of partition tables for schema publication that has
+-- parent and child tables of different partition hierarchies
+CREATE TABLE pub_testpart2.parent2 (a int) partition by list (a);
+CREATE TABLE pub_testpart1.child_parent2 partition of pub_testpart2.parent2 for values in (1);
+INSERT INTO pub_testpart1.child_parent2 values(1);
+UPDATE pub_testpart1.child_parent2 set a = 1;
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpubpart_forschema FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_testpart2;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+-- fail
+UPDATE pub_testpart2.child_parent1 set a = 1;
+UPDATE pub_testpart2.parent2 set a = 1;
+UPDATE pub_testpart1.child_parent2 set a = 1;
+
+-- alter publication set 'TABLES IN SCHEMA' on an empty publication.
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub3_forschema;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+\dRp+ testpub3_forschema
+ALTER PUBLICATION testpub3_forschema SET TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+\dRp+ testpub3_forschema
+
+-- create publication including both 'FOR TABLE' and 'FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA'
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_forschema_fortable FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1, TABLE pub_test2.tbl1;
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_fortable_forschema FOR TABLE pub_test2.tbl1, TABLES IN SCHEMA pub_test1;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+\dRp+ testpub_forschema_fortable
+\dRp+ testpub_fortable_forschema
+
+-- fail specifying table without any of 'FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA' or
+--'FOR TABLE' or 'FOR ALL TABLES'
+CREATE PUBLICATION testpub_error FOR pub_test2.tbl1;
+
+DROP VIEW testpub_view;
+
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_default;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpib_ins_trunct;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_fortbl;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub1_forschema;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub2_forschema;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub3_forschema;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_forschema_fortable;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpub_fortable_forschema;
+DROP PUBLICATION testpubpart_forschema;
+
+DROP SCHEMA pub_test CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA pub_test1 CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA pub_test2 CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA pub_testpart1 CASCADE;
+DROP SCHEMA pub_testpart2 CASCADE;
+
+-- Test the list of partitions published with or without
+-- 'PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT' parameter
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE SCHEMA sch1;
+CREATE SCHEMA sch2;
+CREATE TABLE sch1.tbl1 (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE sch2.tbl1_part1 PARTITION OF sch1.tbl1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) to (10);
+-- Schema publication that does not include the schema that has the parent table
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA sch2 WITH (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+
+DROP PUBLICATION pub;
+-- Table publication that does not include the parent table
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub FOR TABLE sch2.tbl1_part1 WITH (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+
+-- Table publication that includes both the parent table and the child table
+ALTER PUBLICATION pub ADD TABLE sch1.tbl1;
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+
+DROP PUBLICATION pub;
+-- Schema publication that does not include the schema that has the parent table
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA sch2 WITH (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+
+DROP PUBLICATION pub;
+-- Table publication that does not include the parent table
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub FOR TABLE sch2.tbl1_part1 WITH (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=0);
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+
+-- Table publication that includes both the parent table and the child table
+ALTER PUBLICATION pub ADD TABLE sch1.tbl1;
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+
+DROP PUBLICATION pub;
+DROP TABLE sch2.tbl1_part1;
+DROP TABLE sch1.tbl1;
+
+CREATE TABLE sch1.tbl1 (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+CREATE TABLE sch1.tbl1_part1 PARTITION OF sch1.tbl1 FOR VALUES FROM (1) to (10);
+CREATE TABLE sch1.tbl1_part2 PARTITION OF sch1.tbl1 FOR VALUES FROM (10) to (20);
+CREATE TABLE sch1.tbl1_part3 (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE(a);
+ALTER TABLE sch1.tbl1 ATTACH PARTITION sch1.tbl1_part3 FOR VALUES FROM (20) to (30);
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA sch1 WITH (PUBLISH_VIA_PARTITION_ROOT=1);
+SELECT * FROM pg_publication_tables;
+
+RESET client_min_messages;
+DROP PUBLICATION pub;
+DROP TABLE sch1.tbl1;
+DROP SCHEMA sch1 cascade;
+DROP SCHEMA sch2 cascade;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP ROLE regress_publication_user, regress_publication_user2;
+DROP ROLE regress_publication_user_dummy;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/random.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/random.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8187b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/random.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+--
+-- RANDOM
+-- Test the random function
+--
+
+-- count the number of tuples originally, should be 1000
+SELECT count(*) FROM onek;
+
+-- pick three random rows, they shouldn't match
+(SELECT unique1 AS random
+  FROM onek ORDER BY random() LIMIT 1)
+INTERSECT
+(SELECT unique1 AS random
+  FROM onek ORDER BY random() LIMIT 1)
+INTERSECT
+(SELECT unique1 AS random
+  FROM onek ORDER BY random() LIMIT 1);
+
+-- count roughly 1/10 of the tuples
+CREATE TABLE RANDOM_TBL AS
+  SELECT count(*) AS random
+  FROM onek WHERE random() < 1.0/10;
+
+-- select again, the count should be different
+INSERT INTO RANDOM_TBL (random)
+  SELECT count(*)
+  FROM onek WHERE random() < 1.0/10;
+
+-- select again, the count should be different
+INSERT INTO RANDOM_TBL (random)
+  SELECT count(*)
+  FROM onek WHERE random() < 1.0/10;
+
+-- select again, the count should be different
+INSERT INTO RANDOM_TBL (random)
+  SELECT count(*)
+  FROM onek WHERE random() < 1.0/10;
+
+-- now test that they are different counts
+SELECT random, count(random) FROM RANDOM_TBL
+  GROUP BY random HAVING count(random) > 3;
+
+SELECT AVG(random) FROM RANDOM_TBL
+  HAVING AVG(random) NOT BETWEEN 80 AND 120;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/rangefuncs.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/rangefuncs.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63351e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/rangefuncs.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,817 @@
+CREATE TABLE rngfunc2(rngfuncid int, f2 int);
+INSERT INTO rngfunc2 VALUES(1, 11);
+INSERT INTO rngfunc2 VALUES(2, 22);
+INSERT INTO rngfunc2 VALUES(1, 111);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION rngfunct(int) returns setof rngfunc2 as 'SELECT * FROM rngfunc2 WHERE rngfuncid = $1 ORDER BY f2;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+-- function with ORDINALITY
+select * from rngfunct(1) with ordinality as z(a,b,ord);
+select * from rngfunct(1) with ordinality as z(a,b,ord) where b > 100;   -- ordinal 2, not 1
+-- ordinality vs. column names and types
+select a,b,ord from rngfunct(1) with ordinality as z(a,b,ord);
+select a,ord from unnest(array['a','b']) with ordinality as z(a,ord);
+select * from unnest(array['a','b']) with ordinality as z(a,ord);
+select a,ord from unnest(array[1.0::float8]) with ordinality as z(a,ord);
+select * from unnest(array[1.0::float8]) with ordinality as z(a,ord);
+select row_to_json(s.*) from generate_series(11,14) with ordinality s;
+-- ordinality vs. views
+create temporary view vw_ord as select * from (values (1)) v(n) join rngfunct(1) with ordinality as z(a,b,ord) on (n=ord);
+select * from vw_ord;
+select definition from pg_views where viewname='vw_ord';
+drop view vw_ord;
+
+-- multiple functions
+select * from rows from(rngfunct(1),rngfunct(2)) with ordinality as z(a,b,c,d,ord);
+create temporary view vw_ord as select * from (values (1)) v(n) join rows from(rngfunct(1),rngfunct(2)) with ordinality as z(a,b,c,d,ord) on (n=ord);
+select * from vw_ord;
+select definition from pg_views where viewname='vw_ord';
+drop view vw_ord;
+
+-- expansions of unnest()
+select * from unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar'],array[1.0]);
+select * from unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar'],array[1.0]) with ordinality as z(a,b,c,ord);
+select * from rows from(unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar'],array[1.0])) with ordinality as z(a,b,c,ord);
+select * from rows from(unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar']), generate_series(101,102)) with ordinality as z(a,b,c,ord);
+create temporary view vw_ord as select * from unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar'],array[1.0]) as z(a,b,c);
+select * from vw_ord;
+select definition from pg_views where viewname='vw_ord';
+drop view vw_ord;
+create temporary view vw_ord as select * from rows from(unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar'],array[1.0])) as z(a,b,c);
+select * from vw_ord;
+select definition from pg_views where viewname='vw_ord';
+drop view vw_ord;
+create temporary view vw_ord as select * from rows from(unnest(array[10,20],array['foo','bar']), generate_series(1,2)) as z(a,b,c);
+select * from vw_ord;
+select definition from pg_views where viewname='vw_ord';
+drop view vw_ord;
+
+-- ordinality and multiple functions vs. rewind and reverse scan
+begin;
+declare rf_cur scroll cursor for select * from rows from(generate_series(1,5),generate_series(1,2)) with ordinality as g(i,j,o);
+fetch all from rf_cur;
+fetch backward all from rf_cur;
+fetch all from rf_cur;
+fetch next from rf_cur;
+fetch next from rf_cur;
+fetch prior from rf_cur;
+fetch absolute 1 from rf_cur;
+fetch next from rf_cur;
+fetch next from rf_cur;
+fetch next from rf_cur;
+fetch prior from rf_cur;
+fetch prior from rf_cur;
+fetch prior from rf_cur;
+commit;
+
+-- function with implicit LATERAL
+select * from rngfunc2, rngfunct(rngfunc2.rngfuncid) z where rngfunc2.f2 = z.f2;
+
+-- function with implicit LATERAL and explicit ORDINALITY
+select * from rngfunc2, rngfunct(rngfunc2.rngfuncid) with ordinality as z(rngfuncid,f2,ord) where rngfunc2.f2 = z.f2;
+
+-- function in subselect
+select * from rngfunc2 where f2 in (select f2 from rngfunct(rngfunc2.rngfuncid) z where z.rngfuncid = rngfunc2.rngfuncid) ORDER BY 1,2;
+
+-- function in subselect
+select * from rngfunc2 where f2 in (select f2 from rngfunct(1) z where z.rngfuncid = rngfunc2.rngfuncid) ORDER BY 1,2;
+
+-- function in subselect
+select * from rngfunc2 where f2 in (select f2 from rngfunct(rngfunc2.rngfuncid) z where z.rngfuncid = 1) ORDER BY 1,2;
+
+-- nested functions
+select rngfunct.rngfuncid, rngfunct.f2 from rngfunct(sin(pi()/2)::int) ORDER BY 1,2;
+
+CREATE TABLE rngfunc (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text, primary key(rngfuncid,rngfuncsubid));
+INSERT INTO rngfunc VALUES(1,1,'Joe');
+INSERT INTO rngfunc VALUES(1,2,'Ed');
+INSERT INTO rngfunc VALUES(2,1,'Mary');
+
+-- sql, proretset = f, prorettype = b
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc1(int) RETURNS int AS 'SELECT $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc1(1) AS t1;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc1(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc1(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc1(1) WITH ORDINALITY as t1(v,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+
+-- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = b
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc2(int) RETURNS setof int AS 'SELECT rngfuncid FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc2(1) AS t1;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc2(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc2(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc2(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+
+-- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = b
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc3(int) RETURNS setof text AS 'SELECT rngfuncname FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc3(1) AS t1;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc3(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc3(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc3(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+
+-- sql, proretset = f, prorettype = c
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc4(int) RETURNS rngfunc AS 'SELECT * FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc4(1) AS t1;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc4(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc4(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc4(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+
+-- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = c
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc5(int) RETURNS setof rngfunc AS 'SELECT * FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc5(1) AS t1;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc5(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc5(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc5(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+
+-- sql, proretset = f, prorettype = record
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc6(int) RETURNS RECORD AS 'SELECT * FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc6(1) AS t1(rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text);
+SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM( getrngfunc6(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text) ) WITH ORDINALITY;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc6(1) AS
+(rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS
+  SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM( getrngfunc6(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text) )
+                WITH ORDINALITY;
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+
+-- sql, proretset = t, prorettype = record
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc7(int) RETURNS setof record AS 'SELECT * FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc7(1) AS t1(rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text);
+SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM( getrngfunc7(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text) ) WITH ORDINALITY;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc7(1) AS
+(rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS
+  SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM( getrngfunc7(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text) )
+                WITH ORDINALITY;
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+
+-- plpgsql, proretset = f, prorettype = b
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc8(int) RETURNS int AS 'DECLARE rngfuncint int; BEGIN SELECT rngfuncid into rngfuncint FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1; RETURN rngfuncint; END;' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc8(1) AS t1;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc8(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc8(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc8(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(v,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+
+-- plpgsql, proretset = f, prorettype = c
+CREATE FUNCTION getrngfunc9(int) RETURNS rngfunc AS 'DECLARE rngfunctup rngfunc%ROWTYPE; BEGIN SELECT * into rngfunctup FROM rngfunc WHERE rngfuncid = $1; RETURN rngfunctup; END;' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc9(1) AS t1;
+SELECT * FROM getrngfunc9(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc9(1);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+CREATE VIEW vw_getrngfunc AS SELECT * FROM getrngfunc9(1) WITH ORDINALITY AS t1(a,b,c,o);
+SELECT * FROM vw_getrngfunc;
+DROP VIEW vw_getrngfunc;
+
+-- mix 'n match kinds, to exercise expandRTE and related logic
+
+select * from rows from(getrngfunc1(1),getrngfunc2(1),getrngfunc3(1),getrngfunc4(1),getrngfunc5(1),
+                    getrngfunc6(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text),
+                    getrngfunc7(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text),
+                    getrngfunc8(1),getrngfunc9(1))
+              with ordinality as t1(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,o,p,q,r,s,t,u);
+select * from rows from(getrngfunc9(1),getrngfunc8(1),
+                    getrngfunc7(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text),
+                    getrngfunc6(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text),
+                    getrngfunc5(1),getrngfunc4(1),getrngfunc3(1),getrngfunc2(1),getrngfunc1(1))
+              with ordinality as t1(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,o,p,q,r,s,t,u);
+
+create temporary view vw_rngfunc as
+  select * from rows from(getrngfunc9(1),
+                      getrngfunc7(1) AS (rngfuncid int, rngfuncsubid int, rngfuncname text),
+                      getrngfunc1(1))
+                with ordinality as t1(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,n);
+select * from vw_rngfunc;
+select pg_get_viewdef('vw_rngfunc');
+drop view vw_rngfunc;
+
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc1(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc2(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc3(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc4(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc5(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc6(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc7(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc8(int);
+DROP FUNCTION getrngfunc9(int);
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunct(int);
+DROP TABLE rngfunc2;
+DROP TABLE rngfunc;
+
+-- Rescan tests --
+CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE rngfunc_rescan_seq1;
+CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE rngfunc_rescan_seq2;
+CREATE TYPE rngfunc_rescan_t AS (i integer, s bigint);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION rngfunc_sql(int,int) RETURNS setof rngfunc_rescan_t AS 'SELECT i, nextval(''rngfunc_rescan_seq1'') FROM generate_series($1,$2) i;' LANGUAGE SQL;
+-- plpgsql functions use materialize mode
+CREATE FUNCTION rngfunc_mat(int,int) RETURNS setof rngfunc_rescan_t AS 'begin for i in $1..$2 loop return next (i, nextval(''rngfunc_rescan_seq2'')); end loop; end;' LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+--invokes ExecReScanFunctionScan - all these cases should materialize the function only once
+-- LEFT JOIN on a condition that the planner can't prove to be true is used to ensure the function
+-- is on the inner path of a nestloop join
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN rngfunc_sql(11,13) ON (r+i)<100;
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN rngfunc_sql(11,13) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o) ON (r+i)<100;
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN rngfunc_mat(11,13) ON (r+i)<100;
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN rngfunc_mat(11,13) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o) ON (r+i)<100;
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN ROWS FROM( rngfunc_sql(11,13), rngfunc_mat(11,13) ) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i1,s1,i2,s2,o) ON (r+i1+i2)<100;
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN generate_series(11,13) f(i) ON (r+i)<100;
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN generate_series(11,13) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,o) ON (r+i)<100;
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN unnest(array[10,20,30]) f(i) ON (r+i)<100;
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r) LEFT JOIN unnest(array[10,20,30]) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,o) ON (r+i)<100;
+
+--invokes ExecReScanFunctionScan with chgParam != NULL (using implied LATERAL)
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_sql(10+r,13);
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_sql(10+r,13) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_sql(11,10+r);
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_sql(11,10+r) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (11,12),(13,15),(16,20)) v(r1,r2), rngfunc_sql(r1,r2);
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (11,12),(13,15),(16,20)) v(r1,r2), rngfunc_sql(r1,r2) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_mat(10+r,13);
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_mat(10+r,13) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_mat(11,10+r);
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), rngfunc_mat(11,10+r) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (11,12),(13,15),(16,20)) v(r1,r2), rngfunc_mat(r1,r2);
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (11,12),(13,15),(16,20)) v(r1,r2), rngfunc_mat(r1,r2) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,s,o);
+
+-- selective rescan of multiple functions:
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), ROWS FROM( rngfunc_sql(11,11), rngfunc_mat(10+r,13) );
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), ROWS FROM( rngfunc_sql(10+r,13), rngfunc_mat(11,11) );
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), ROWS FROM( rngfunc_sql(10+r,13), rngfunc_mat(10+r,13) );
+
+SELECT setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq1',1,false),setval('rngfunc_rescan_seq2',1,false);
+SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,2) r1, generate_series(r1,3) r2, ROWS FROM( rngfunc_sql(10+r1,13), rngfunc_mat(10+r2,13) );
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), generate_series(10+r,20-r) f(i);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), generate_series(10+r,20-r) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,o);
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), unnest(array[r*10,r*20,r*30]) f(i);
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v(r), unnest(array[r*10,r*20,r*30]) WITH ORDINALITY AS f(i,o);
+
+-- deep nesting
+
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v1(r1),
+              LATERAL (SELECT r1, * FROM (VALUES (10),(20),(30)) v2(r2)
+                                         LEFT JOIN generate_series(21,23) f(i) ON ((r2+i)<100) OFFSET 0) s1;
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v1(r1),
+              LATERAL (SELECT r1, * FROM (VALUES (10),(20),(30)) v2(r2)
+                                         LEFT JOIN generate_series(20+r1,23) f(i) ON ((r2+i)<100) OFFSET 0) s1;
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v1(r1),
+              LATERAL (SELECT r1, * FROM (VALUES (10),(20),(30)) v2(r2)
+                                         LEFT JOIN generate_series(r2,r2+3) f(i) ON ((r2+i)<100) OFFSET 0) s1;
+SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1),(2),(3)) v1(r1),
+              LATERAL (SELECT r1, * FROM (VALUES (10),(20),(30)) v2(r2)
+                                         LEFT JOIN generate_series(r1,2+r2/5) f(i) ON ((r2+i)<100) OFFSET 0) s1;
+
+-- check handling of FULL JOIN with multiple lateral references (bug #15741)
+
+SELECT *
+FROM (VALUES (1),(2)) v1(r1)
+    LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
+        SELECT *
+        FROM generate_series(1, v1.r1) AS gs1
+        LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
+            SELECT *
+            FROM generate_series(1, gs1) AS gs2
+            LEFT JOIN generate_series(1, gs2) AS gs3 ON TRUE
+        ) AS ss1 ON TRUE
+        FULL JOIN generate_series(1, v1.r1) AS gs4 ON FALSE
+    ) AS ss0 ON TRUE;
+
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc_sql(int,int);
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc_mat(int,int);
+DROP SEQUENCE rngfunc_rescan_seq1;
+DROP SEQUENCE rngfunc_rescan_seq2;
+
+--
+-- Test cases involving OUT parameters
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION rngfunc(in f1 int, out f2 int)
+AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT rngfunc(42);
+SELECT * FROM rngfunc(42);
+SELECT * FROM rngfunc(42) AS p(x);
+
+-- explicit spec of return type is OK
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc(in f1 int, out f2 int) RETURNS int
+AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql;
+-- error, wrong result type
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc(in f1 int, out f2 int) RETURNS float
+AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql;
+-- with multiple OUT params you must get a RECORD result
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc(in f1 int, out f2 int, out f3 text) RETURNS int
+AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql;
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc(in f1 int, out f2 int, out f3 text)
+RETURNS record
+AS 'select $1+1' LANGUAGE sql;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfuncr(in f1 int, out f2 int, out text)
+AS $$select $1-1, $1::text || 'z'$$ LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT f1, rngfuncr(f1) FROM int4_tbl;
+SELECT * FROM rngfuncr(42);
+SELECT * FROM rngfuncr(42) AS p(a,b);
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfuncb(in f1 int, inout f2 int, out text)
+AS $$select $2-1, $1::text || 'z'$$ LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT f1, rngfuncb(f1, f1/2) FROM int4_tbl;
+SELECT * FROM rngfuncb(42, 99);
+SELECT * FROM rngfuncb(42, 99) AS p(a,b);
+
+-- Can reference function with or without OUT params for DROP, etc
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc(int);
+DROP FUNCTION rngfuncr(in f2 int, out f1 int, out text);
+DROP FUNCTION rngfuncb(in f1 int, inout f2 int);
+
+--
+-- For my next trick, polymorphic OUT parameters
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (f1 anyelement, f2 out anyelement, f3 out anyarray)
+AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT dup(22);
+SELECT dup('xyz');	-- fails
+SELECT dup('xyz'::text);
+SELECT * FROM dup('xyz'::text);
+
+-- fails, as we are attempting to rename first argument
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION dup (inout f2 anyelement, out f3 anyarray)
+AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql;
+
+DROP FUNCTION dup(anyelement);
+
+-- equivalent behavior, though different name exposed for input arg
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION dup (inout f2 anyelement, out f3 anyarray)
+AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT dup(22);
+
+DROP FUNCTION dup(anyelement);
+
+-- fails, no way to deduce outputs
+CREATE FUNCTION bad (f1 int, out f2 anyelement, out f3 anyarray)
+AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (f1 anycompatible, f2 anycompatiblearray, f3 out anycompatible, f4 out anycompatiblearray)
+AS 'select $1, $2' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT dup(22, array[44]);
+SELECT dup(4.5, array[44]);
+SELECT dup(22, array[44::bigint]);
+SELECT *, pg_typeof(f3), pg_typeof(f4) FROM dup(22, array[44::bigint]);
+
+DROP FUNCTION dup(f1 anycompatible, f2 anycompatiblearray);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION dup (f1 anycompatiblerange, f2 out anycompatible, f3 out anycompatiblearray, f4 out anycompatiblerange)
+AS 'select lower($1), array[lower($1), upper($1)], $1' LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT dup(int4range(4,7));
+SELECT dup(numrange(4,7));
+SELECT dup(textrange('aaa', 'bbb'));
+
+DROP FUNCTION dup(f1 anycompatiblerange);
+
+-- fails, no way to deduce outputs
+CREATE FUNCTION bad (f1 anyarray, out f2 anycompatible, out f3 anycompatiblearray)
+AS 'select $1, array[$1,$1]' LANGUAGE sql;
+
+--
+-- table functions
+--
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc()
+RETURNS TABLE(a int)
+AS $$ SELECT a FROM generate_series(1,5) a(a) $$ LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT * FROM rngfunc();
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc(int)
+RETURNS TABLE(a int, b int)
+AS $$ SELECT a, b
+         FROM generate_series(1,$1) a(a),
+              generate_series(1,$1) b(b) $$ LANGUAGE sql;
+SELECT * FROM rngfunc(3);
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc(int);
+
+-- case that causes change of typmod knowledge during inlining
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION rngfunc()
+RETURNS TABLE(a varchar(5))
+AS $$ SELECT 'hello'::varchar(5) $$ LANGUAGE sql STABLE;
+SELECT * FROM rngfunc() GROUP BY 1;
+DROP FUNCTION rngfunc();
+
+--
+-- some tests on SQL functions with RETURNING
+--
+
+create temp table tt(f1 serial, data text);
+
+create function insert_tt(text) returns int as
+$$ insert into tt(data) values($1) returning f1 $$
+language sql;
+
+select insert_tt('foo');
+select insert_tt('bar');
+select * from tt;
+
+-- insert will execute to completion even if function needs just 1 row
+create or replace function insert_tt(text) returns int as
+$$ insert into tt(data) values($1),($1||$1) returning f1 $$
+language sql;
+
+select insert_tt('fool');
+select * from tt;
+
+-- setof does what's expected
+create or replace function insert_tt2(text,text) returns setof int as
+$$ insert into tt(data) values($1),($2) returning f1 $$
+language sql;
+
+select insert_tt2('foolish','barrish');
+select * from insert_tt2('baz','quux');
+select * from tt;
+
+-- limit doesn't prevent execution to completion
+select insert_tt2('foolish','barrish') limit 1;
+select * from tt;
+
+-- triggers will fire, too
+create function noticetrigger() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'noticetrigger % %', new.f1, new.data;
+  return null;
+end $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger tnoticetrigger after insert on tt for each row
+execute procedure noticetrigger();
+
+select insert_tt2('foolme','barme') limit 1;
+select * from tt;
+
+-- and rules work
+create temp table tt_log(f1 int, data text);
+
+create rule insert_tt_rule as on insert to tt do also
+  insert into tt_log values(new.*);
+
+select insert_tt2('foollog','barlog') limit 1;
+select * from tt;
+-- note that nextval() gets executed a second time in the rule expansion,
+-- which is expected.
+select * from tt_log;
+
+-- test case for a whole-row-variable bug
+create function rngfunc1(n integer, out a text, out b text)
+  returns setof record
+  language sql
+  as $$ select 'foo ' || i, 'bar ' || i from generate_series(1,$1) i $$;
+
+set work_mem='64kB';
+select t.a, t, t.a from rngfunc1(10000) t limit 1;
+reset work_mem;
+select t.a, t, t.a from rngfunc1(10000) t limit 1;
+
+drop function rngfunc1(n integer);
+
+-- test use of SQL functions returning record
+-- this is supported in some cases where the query doesn't specify
+-- the actual record type ...
+
+create function array_to_set(anyarray) returns setof record as $$
+  select i AS "index", $1[i] AS "value" from generate_subscripts($1, 1) i
+$$ language sql strict immutable;
+
+select array_to_set(array['one', 'two']);
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 int,f2 text);
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']); -- fail
+-- after-the-fact coercion of the columns is now possible, too
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 numeric(4,2),f2 text);
+-- and if it doesn't work, you get a compile-time not run-time error
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 point,f2 text);
+
+-- with "strict", this function can't be inlined in FROM
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 numeric(4,2),f2 text);
+
+-- but without, it can be:
+
+create or replace function array_to_set(anyarray) returns setof record as $$
+  select i AS "index", $1[i] AS "value" from generate_subscripts($1, 1) i
+$$ language sql immutable;
+
+select array_to_set(array['one', 'two']);
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 int,f2 text);
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 numeric(4,2),f2 text);
+select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 point,f2 text);
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select * from array_to_set(array['one', 'two']) as t(f1 numeric(4,2),f2 text);
+
+create temp table rngfunc(f1 int8, f2 int8);
+
+create function testrngfunc() returns record as $$
+  insert into rngfunc values (1,2) returning *;
+$$ language sql;
+
+select testrngfunc();
+select * from testrngfunc() as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);
+select * from testrngfunc(); -- fail
+
+drop function testrngfunc();
+
+create function testrngfunc() returns setof record as $$
+  insert into rngfunc values (1,2), (3,4) returning *;
+$$ language sql;
+
+select testrngfunc();
+select * from testrngfunc() as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);
+select * from testrngfunc(); -- fail
+
+drop function testrngfunc();
+
+-- Check that typmod imposed by a composite type is honored
+create type rngfunc_type as (f1 numeric(35,6), f2 numeric(35,2));
+
+create function testrngfunc() returns rngfunc_type as $$
+  select 7.136178319899999964, 7.136178319899999964;
+$$ language sql immutable;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select testrngfunc();
+select testrngfunc();
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from testrngfunc();
+select * from testrngfunc();
+
+create or replace function testrngfunc() returns rngfunc_type as $$
+  select 7.136178319899999964, 7.136178319899999964;
+$$ language sql volatile;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select testrngfunc();
+select testrngfunc();
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from testrngfunc();
+select * from testrngfunc();
+
+drop function testrngfunc();
+
+create function testrngfunc() returns setof rngfunc_type as $$
+  select 7.136178319899999964, 7.136178319899999964;
+$$ language sql immutable;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select testrngfunc();
+select testrngfunc();
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from testrngfunc();
+select * from testrngfunc();
+
+create or replace function testrngfunc() returns setof rngfunc_type as $$
+  select 7.136178319899999964, 7.136178319899999964;
+$$ language sql volatile;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select testrngfunc();
+select testrngfunc();
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from testrngfunc();
+select * from testrngfunc();
+
+create or replace function testrngfunc() returns setof rngfunc_type as $$
+  select 1, 2 union select 3, 4 order by 1;
+$$ language sql immutable;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select testrngfunc();
+select testrngfunc();
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from testrngfunc();
+select * from testrngfunc();
+
+-- Check a couple of error cases while we're here
+select * from testrngfunc() as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);  -- fail, composite result
+select * from pg_get_keywords() as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);  -- fail, OUT params
+select * from sin(3) as t(f1 int8,f2 int8);  -- fail, scalar result type
+
+drop type rngfunc_type cascade;
+
+--
+-- Check some cases involving added/dropped columns in a rowtype result
+--
+
+create temp table users (userid text, seq int, email text, todrop bool, moredrop int, enabled bool);
+insert into users values ('id',1,'email',true,11,true);
+insert into users values ('id2',2,'email2',true,12,true);
+alter table users drop column todrop;
+
+create or replace function get_first_user() returns users as
+$$ SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY userid LIMIT 1; $$
+language sql stable;
+
+SELECT get_first_user();
+SELECT * FROM get_first_user();
+
+create or replace function get_users() returns setof users as
+$$ SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY userid; $$
+language sql stable;
+
+SELECT get_users();
+SELECT * FROM get_users();
+SELECT * FROM get_users() WITH ORDINALITY;   -- make sure ordinality copes
+
+-- multiple functions vs. dropped columns
+SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM(generate_series(10,11), get_users()) WITH ORDINALITY;
+SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM(get_users(), generate_series(10,11)) WITH ORDINALITY;
+
+-- check that we can cope with post-parsing changes in rowtypes
+create temp view usersview as
+SELECT * FROM ROWS FROM(get_users(), generate_series(10,11)) WITH ORDINALITY;
+
+select * from usersview;
+alter table users add column junk text;
+select * from usersview;
+
+alter table users drop column moredrop;  -- fail, view has reference
+
+-- We used to have a bug that would allow the above to succeed, posing
+-- hazards for later execution of the view.  Check that the internal
+-- defenses for those hazards haven't bit-rotted, in case some other
+-- bug with similar symptoms emerges.
+begin;
+
+-- destroy the dependency entry that prevents the DROP:
+delete from pg_depend where
+  objid = (select oid from pg_rewrite
+           where ev_class = 'usersview'::regclass and rulename = '_RETURN')
+  and refobjsubid = 5
+returning pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+          pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as ref,
+          deptype;
+
+alter table users drop column moredrop;
+select * from usersview;  -- expect clean failure
+rollback;
+
+alter table users alter column seq type numeric;  -- fail, view has reference
+
+-- likewise, check we don't crash if the dependency goes wrong
+begin;
+
+-- destroy the dependency entry that prevents the ALTER:
+delete from pg_depend where
+  objid = (select oid from pg_rewrite
+           where ev_class = 'usersview'::regclass and rulename = '_RETURN')
+  and refobjsubid = 2
+returning pg_describe_object(classid, objid, objsubid) as obj,
+          pg_describe_object(refclassid, refobjid, refobjsubid) as ref,
+          deptype;
+
+alter table users alter column seq type numeric;
+select * from usersview;  -- expect clean failure
+rollback;
+
+drop view usersview;
+drop function get_first_user();
+drop function get_users();
+drop table users;
+
+-- check behavior with type coercion required for a set-op
+
+create or replace function rngfuncbar() returns setof text as
+$$ select 'foo'::varchar union all select 'bar'::varchar ; $$
+language sql stable;
+
+select rngfuncbar();
+select * from rngfuncbar();
+-- this function is now inlinable, too:
+explain (verbose, costs off) select * from rngfuncbar();
+
+drop function rngfuncbar();
+
+-- check handling of a SQL function with multiple OUT params (bug #5777)
+
+create or replace function rngfuncbar(out integer, out numeric) as
+$$ select (1, 2.1) $$ language sql;
+
+select * from rngfuncbar();
+
+create or replace function rngfuncbar(out integer, out numeric) as
+$$ select (1, 2) $$ language sql;
+
+select * from rngfuncbar();  -- fail
+
+create or replace function rngfuncbar(out integer, out numeric) as
+$$ select (1, 2.1, 3) $$ language sql;
+
+select * from rngfuncbar();  -- fail
+
+drop function rngfuncbar();
+
+-- check whole-row-Var handling in nested lateral functions (bug #11703)
+
+create function extractq2(t int8_tbl) returns int8 as $$
+  select t.q2
+$$ language sql immutable;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2(int8_tbl) f(x);
+
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2(int8_tbl) f(x);
+
+create function extractq2_2(t int8_tbl) returns table(ret1 int8) as $$
+  select extractq2(t) offset 0
+$$ language sql immutable;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2_2(int8_tbl) f(x);
+
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2_2(int8_tbl) f(x);
+
+-- without the "offset 0", this function gets optimized quite differently
+
+create function extractq2_2_opt(t int8_tbl) returns table(ret1 int8) as $$
+  select extractq2(t)
+$$ language sql immutable;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2_2_opt(int8_tbl) f(x);
+
+select x from int8_tbl, extractq2_2_opt(int8_tbl) f(x);
+
+-- check handling of nulls in SRF results (bug #7808)
+
+create type rngfunc2 as (a integer, b text);
+
+select *, row_to_json(u) from unnest(array[(1,'foo')::rngfunc2, null::rngfunc2]) u;
+select *, row_to_json(u) from unnest(array[null::rngfunc2, null::rngfunc2]) u;
+select *, row_to_json(u) from unnest(array[null::rngfunc2, (1,'foo')::rngfunc2, null::rngfunc2]) u;
+select *, row_to_json(u) from unnest(array[]::rngfunc2[]) u;
+
+drop type rngfunc2;
+
+-- check handling of functions pulled up into function RTEs (bug #17227)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select jsonb_path_query_array(module->'lectures', '$[*]') as lecture
+   from unnest(array['{"lectures": [{"id": "1"}]}'::jsonb])
+        as unnested_modules(module)) as ss,
+  jsonb_to_recordset(ss.lecture) as j (id text);
+
+select * from
+  (select jsonb_path_query_array(module->'lectures', '$[*]') as lecture
+   from unnest(array['{"lectures": [{"id": "1"}]}'::jsonb])
+        as unnested_modules(module)) as ss,
+  jsonb_to_recordset(ss.lecture) as j (id text);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/rangetypes.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/rangetypes.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a10f67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/rangetypes.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+-- Tests for range data types.
+
+--
+-- test input parser
+-- (type textrange was already made in test_setup.sql)
+--
+
+-- negative tests; should fail
+select ''::textrange;
+select '-[a,z)'::textrange;
+select '[a,z) - '::textrange;
+select '(",a)'::textrange;
+select '(,,a)'::textrange;
+select '(),a)'::textrange;
+select '(a,))'::textrange;
+select '(],a)'::textrange;
+select '(a,])'::textrange;
+select '[z,a]'::textrange;
+
+-- should succeed
+select '  empty  '::textrange;
+select ' ( empty, empty )  '::textrange;
+select ' ( " a " " a ", " z " " z " )  '::textrange;
+select '(a,)'::textrange;
+select '[,z]'::textrange;
+select '[a,]'::textrange;
+select '(,)'::textrange;
+select '[ , ]'::textrange;
+select '["",""]'::textrange;
+select '[",",","]'::textrange;
+select '["\\","\\"]'::textrange;
+select '(\\,a)'::textrange;
+select '((,z)'::textrange;
+select '([,z)'::textrange;
+select '(!,()'::textrange;
+select '(!,[)'::textrange;
+select '[a,a]'::textrange;
+-- these are allowed but normalize to empty:
+select '[a,a)'::textrange;
+select '(a,a]'::textrange;
+select '(a,a)'::textrange;
+
+--
+-- create some test data and test the operators
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE numrange_test (nr NUMRANGE);
+create index numrange_test_btree on numrange_test(nr);
+
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES('[,)');
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES('[3,]');
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES('[, 5)');
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES(numrange(1.1, 2.2));
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES('empty');
+INSERT INTO numrange_test VALUES(numrange(1.7, 1.7, '[]'));
+
+SELECT nr, isempty(nr), lower(nr), upper(nr) FROM numrange_test;
+SELECT nr, lower_inc(nr), lower_inf(nr), upper_inc(nr), upper_inf(nr) FROM numrange_test;
+
+SELECT * FROM numrange_test WHERE range_contains(nr, numrange(1.9,1.91));
+SELECT * FROM numrange_test WHERE nr @> numrange(1.0,10000.1);
+SELECT * FROM numrange_test WHERE range_contained_by(numrange(-1e7,-10000.1), nr);
+SELECT * FROM numrange_test WHERE 1.9 <@ nr;
+
+select * from numrange_test where nr = 'empty';
+select * from numrange_test where nr = '(1.1, 2.2)';
+select * from numrange_test where nr = '[1.1, 2.2)';
+select * from numrange_test where nr < 'empty';
+select * from numrange_test where nr < numrange(-1000.0, -1000.0,'[]');
+select * from numrange_test where nr < numrange(0.0, 1.0,'[]');
+select * from numrange_test where nr < numrange(1000.0, 1001.0,'[]');
+select * from numrange_test where nr <= 'empty';
+select * from numrange_test where nr >= 'empty';
+select * from numrange_test where nr > 'empty';
+select * from numrange_test where nr > numrange(-1001.0, -1000.0,'[]');
+select * from numrange_test where nr > numrange(0.0, 1.0,'[]');
+select * from numrange_test where nr > numrange(1000.0, 1000.0,'[]');
+
+select numrange(2.0, 1.0);
+
+select numrange(2.0, 3.0) -|- numrange(3.0, 4.0);
+select range_adjacent(numrange(2.0, 3.0), numrange(3.1, 4.0));
+select range_adjacent(numrange(2.0, 3.0), numrange(3.1, null));
+select numrange(2.0, 3.0, '[]') -|- numrange(3.0, 4.0, '()');
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) -|- numrange(2.0, 3.0,'[]');
+select range_adjacent(numrange(2.0, 3.0, '(]'), numrange(1.0, 2.0, '(]'));
+
+select numrange(1.1, 3.3) <@ numrange(0.1,10.1);
+select numrange(0.1, 10.1) <@ numrange(1.1,3.3);
+
+select numrange(1.1, 2.2) - numrange(2.0, 3.0);
+select numrange(1.1, 2.2) - numrange(2.2, 3.0);
+select numrange(1.1, 2.2,'[]') - numrange(2.0, 3.0);
+select range_minus(numrange(10.1,12.2,'[]'), numrange(110.0,120.2,'(]'));
+select range_minus(numrange(10.1,12.2,'[]'), numrange(0.0,120.2,'(]'));
+
+select numrange(4.5, 5.5, '[]') && numrange(5.5, 6.5);
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) << numrange(3.0, 4.0);
+select numrange(1.0, 3.0,'[]') << numrange(3.0, 4.0,'[]');
+select numrange(1.0, 3.0,'()') << numrange(3.0, 4.0,'()');
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) >> numrange(3.0, 4.0);
+select numrange(3.0, 70.0) &< numrange(6.6, 100.0);
+
+select numrange(1.1, 2.2) < numrange(1.0, 200.2);
+select numrange(1.1, 2.2) < numrange(1.1, 1.2);
+
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) + numrange(2.0, 3.0);
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) + numrange(1.5, 3.0);
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) + numrange(2.5, 3.0); -- should fail
+
+select range_merge(numrange(1.0, 2.0), numrange(2.0, 3.0));
+select range_merge(numrange(1.0, 2.0), numrange(1.5, 3.0));
+select range_merge(numrange(1.0, 2.0), numrange(2.5, 3.0)); -- shouldn't fail
+
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) * numrange(2.0, 3.0);
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) * numrange(1.5, 3.0);
+select numrange(1.0, 2.0) * numrange(2.5, 3.0);
+
+select range_intersect_agg(nr) from numrange_test;
+select range_intersect_agg(nr) from numrange_test where false;
+select range_intersect_agg(nr) from numrange_test where nr @> 4.0;
+
+analyze numrange_test;
+
+create table numrange_test2(nr numrange);
+create index numrange_test2_hash_idx on numrange_test2 using hash (nr);
+
+INSERT INTO numrange_test2 VALUES('[, 5)');
+INSERT INTO numrange_test2 VALUES(numrange(1.1, 2.2));
+INSERT INTO numrange_test2 VALUES(numrange(1.1, 2.2));
+INSERT INTO numrange_test2 VALUES(numrange(1.1, 2.2,'()'));
+INSERT INTO numrange_test2 VALUES('empty');
+
+select * from numrange_test2 where nr = 'empty'::numrange;
+select * from numrange_test2 where nr = numrange(1.1, 2.2);
+select * from numrange_test2 where nr = numrange(1.1, 2.3);
+
+set enable_nestloop=t;
+set enable_hashjoin=f;
+set enable_mergejoin=f;
+select * from numrange_test natural join numrange_test2 order by nr;
+set enable_nestloop=f;
+set enable_hashjoin=t;
+set enable_mergejoin=f;
+select * from numrange_test natural join numrange_test2 order by nr;
+set enable_nestloop=f;
+set enable_hashjoin=f;
+set enable_mergejoin=t;
+select * from numrange_test natural join numrange_test2 order by nr;
+
+set enable_nestloop to default;
+set enable_hashjoin to default;
+set enable_mergejoin to default;
+
+-- keep numrange_test around to help exercise dump/reload
+DROP TABLE numrange_test2;
+
+--
+-- Apply a subset of the above tests on a collatable type, too
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE textrange_test (tr textrange);
+create index textrange_test_btree on textrange_test(tr);
+
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES('[,)');
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES('["a",]');
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES('[,"q")');
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES(textrange('b', 'g'));
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES('empty');
+INSERT INTO textrange_test VALUES(textrange('d', 'd', '[]'));
+
+SELECT tr, isempty(tr), lower(tr), upper(tr) FROM textrange_test;
+SELECT tr, lower_inc(tr), lower_inf(tr), upper_inc(tr), upper_inf(tr) FROM textrange_test;
+
+SELECT * FROM textrange_test WHERE range_contains(tr, textrange('f', 'fx'));
+SELECT * FROM textrange_test WHERE tr @> textrange('a', 'z');
+SELECT * FROM textrange_test WHERE range_contained_by(textrange('0','9'), tr);
+SELECT * FROM textrange_test WHERE 'e'::text <@ tr;
+
+select * from textrange_test where tr = 'empty';
+select * from textrange_test where tr = '("b","g")';
+select * from textrange_test where tr = '["b","g")';
+select * from textrange_test where tr < 'empty';
+
+
+-- test canonical form for int4range
+select int4range(1, 10, '[]');
+select int4range(1, 10, '[)');
+select int4range(1, 10, '(]');
+select int4range(1, 10, '()');
+select int4range(1, 2, '()');
+
+-- test canonical form for daterange
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-20'::date, '[]');
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-20'::date, '[)');
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-20'::date, '(]');
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-20'::date, '()');
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-11'::date, '()');
+select daterange('2000-01-10'::date, '2000-01-11'::date, '(]');
+select daterange('-infinity'::date, '2000-01-01'::date, '()');
+select daterange('-infinity'::date, '2000-01-01'::date, '[)');
+select daterange('2000-01-01'::date, 'infinity'::date, '[)');
+select daterange('2000-01-01'::date, 'infinity'::date, '[]');
+
+-- test GiST index that's been built incrementally
+create table test_range_gist(ir int4range);
+create index test_range_gist_idx on test_range_gist using gist (ir);
+
+insert into test_range_gist select int4range(g, g+10) from generate_series(1,2000) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select 'empty'::int4range from generate_series(1,500) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select int4range(g, g+10000) from generate_series(1,1000) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select 'empty'::int4range from generate_series(1,500) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select int4range(NULL,g*10,'(]') from generate_series(1,100) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select int4range(g*10,NULL,'(]') from generate_series(1,100) g;
+insert into test_range_gist select int4range(g, g+10) from generate_series(1,2000) g;
+
+-- test statistics and selectivity estimation as well
+--
+-- We don't check the accuracy of selectivity estimation, but at least check
+-- it doesn't fall.
+analyze test_range_gist;
+
+-- first, verify non-indexed results
+SET enable_seqscan    = t;
+SET enable_indexscan  = f;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 10;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ '{(10,30),(40,60),(70,90)}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+
+-- now check same queries using index
+SET enable_seqscan    = f;
+SET enable_indexscan  = t;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 10;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ '{(10,30),(40,60),(70,90)}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+
+-- now check same queries using a bulk-loaded index
+drop index test_range_gist_idx;
+create index test_range_gist_idx on test_range_gist using gist (ir);
+
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> 10;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> '{}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir @> int4multirange(int4range(10,20), int4range(30,40));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir && '{(10,20),(30,40),(50,60)}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir <@ '{(10,30),(40,60),(70,90)}'::int4multirange;
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir << int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir >> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &< int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir &> int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+select count(*) from test_range_gist where ir -|- int4multirange(int4range(100,200), int4range(400,500));
+
+-- test SP-GiST index that's been built incrementally
+create table test_range_spgist(ir int4range);
+create index test_range_spgist_idx on test_range_spgist using spgist (ir);
+
+insert into test_range_spgist select int4range(g, g+10) from generate_series(1,2000) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select 'empty'::int4range from generate_series(1,500) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select int4range(g, g+10000) from generate_series(1,1000) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select 'empty'::int4range from generate_series(1,500) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select int4range(NULL,g*10,'(]') from generate_series(1,100) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select int4range(g*10,NULL,'(]') from generate_series(1,100) g;
+insert into test_range_spgist select int4range(g, g+10) from generate_series(1,2000) g;
+
+-- first, verify non-indexed results
+SET enable_seqscan    = t;
+SET enable_indexscan  = f;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 10;
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+
+-- now check same queries using index
+SET enable_seqscan    = f;
+SET enable_indexscan  = t;
+SET enable_bitmapscan = f;
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 10;
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+
+-- now check same queries using a bulk-loaded index
+drop index test_range_spgist_idx;
+create index test_range_spgist_idx on test_range_spgist using spgist (ir);
+
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 'empty'::int4range;
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir = int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> 10;
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir @> int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir && int4range(10,20);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir <@ int4range(10,50);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir << int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir >> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &< int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir &> int4range(100,500);
+select count(*) from test_range_spgist where ir -|- int4range(100,500);
+
+-- test index-only scans
+explain (costs off)
+select ir from test_range_spgist where ir -|- int4range(10,20) order by ir;
+select ir from test_range_spgist where ir -|- int4range(10,20) order by ir;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+
+-- test elem <@ range operator
+create table test_range_elem(i int4);
+create index test_range_elem_idx on test_range_elem (i);
+insert into test_range_elem select i from generate_series(1,100) i;
+
+SET enable_seqscan    = f;
+
+select count(*) from test_range_elem where i <@ int4range(10,50);
+
+-- also test spgist index on anyrange expression
+create index on test_range_elem using spgist(int4range(i,i+10));
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from test_range_elem where int4range(i,i+10) <@ int4range(10,30);
+select count(*) from test_range_elem where int4range(i,i+10) <@ int4range(10,30);
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+drop table test_range_elem;
+
+--
+-- Btree_gist is not included by default, so to test exclusion
+-- constraints with range types, use singleton int ranges for the "="
+-- portion of the constraint.
+--
+
+create table test_range_excl(
+  room int4range,
+  speaker int4range,
+  during tsrange,
+  exclude using gist (room with =, during with &&),
+  exclude using gist (speaker with =, during with &&)
+);
+
+insert into test_range_excl
+  values(int4range(123, 123, '[]'), int4range(1, 1, '[]'), '[2010-01-02 10:00, 2010-01-02 11:00)');
+insert into test_range_excl
+  values(int4range(123, 123, '[]'), int4range(2, 2, '[]'), '[2010-01-02 11:00, 2010-01-02 12:00)');
+insert into test_range_excl
+  values(int4range(123, 123, '[]'), int4range(3, 3, '[]'), '[2010-01-02 10:10, 2010-01-02 11:00)');
+insert into test_range_excl
+  values(int4range(124, 124, '[]'), int4range(3, 3, '[]'), '[2010-01-02 10:10, 2010-01-02 11:10)');
+insert into test_range_excl
+  values(int4range(125, 125, '[]'), int4range(1, 1, '[]'), '[2010-01-02 10:10, 2010-01-02 11:00)');
+
+-- test bigint ranges
+select int8range(10000000000::int8, 20000000000::int8,'(]');
+-- test tstz ranges
+set timezone to '-08';
+select '[2010-01-01 01:00:00 -05, 2010-01-01 02:00:00 -08)'::tstzrange;
+-- should fail
+select '[2010-01-01 01:00:00 -08, 2010-01-01 02:00:00 -05)'::tstzrange;
+set timezone to default;
+
+--
+-- Test user-defined range of floats
+-- (type float8range was already made in test_setup.sql)
+--
+
+--should fail
+create type bogus_float8range as range (subtype=float8, subtype_diff=float4mi);
+
+select '[123.001, 5.e9)'::float8range @> 888.882::float8;
+create table float8range_test(f8r float8range, i int);
+insert into float8range_test values(float8range(-100.00007, '1.111113e9'), 42);
+select * from float8range_test;
+drop table float8range_test;
+
+--
+-- Test range types over domains
+--
+
+create domain mydomain as int4;
+create type mydomainrange as range(subtype=mydomain);
+select '[4,50)'::mydomainrange @> 7::mydomain;
+drop domain mydomain;  -- fail
+drop domain mydomain cascade;
+
+--
+-- Test domains over range types
+--
+
+create domain restrictedrange as int4range check (upper(value) < 10);
+select '[4,5)'::restrictedrange @> 7;
+select '[4,50)'::restrictedrange @> 7; -- should fail
+drop domain restrictedrange;
+
+--
+-- Test multiple range types over the same subtype
+--
+
+create type textrange1 as range(subtype=text, collation="C");
+create type textrange2 as range(subtype=text, collation="C");
+
+select textrange1('a','Z') @> 'b'::text;
+select textrange2('a','z') @> 'b'::text;
+
+drop type textrange1;
+drop type textrange2;
+
+--
+-- Test polymorphic type system
+--
+
+create function anyarray_anyrange_func(a anyarray, r anyrange)
+  returns anyelement as 'select $1[1] + lower($2);' language sql;
+
+select anyarray_anyrange_func(ARRAY[1,2], int4range(10,20));
+
+-- should fail
+select anyarray_anyrange_func(ARRAY[1,2], numrange(10,20));
+
+drop function anyarray_anyrange_func(anyarray, anyrange);
+
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(anyelement)
+  returns anyrange as 'select int4range(1,10)' language sql;
+
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(int)
+  returns anyrange as 'select int4range(1,10)' language sql;
+
+create function range_add_bounds(anyrange)
+  returns anyelement as 'select lower($1) + upper($1)' language sql;
+
+select range_add_bounds(int4range(1, 17));
+select range_add_bounds(numrange(1.0001, 123.123));
+
+create function rangetypes_sql(q anyrange, b anyarray, out c anyelement)
+  as $$ select upper($1) + $2[1] $$
+  language sql;
+
+select rangetypes_sql(int4range(1,10), ARRAY[2,20]);
+select rangetypes_sql(numrange(1,10), ARRAY[2,20]);  -- match failure
+
+create function anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(a anycompatiblearray, r anycompatiblerange)
+  returns anycompatible as 'select $1[1] + lower($2);' language sql;
+
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(ARRAY[1,2], int4range(10,20));
+
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(ARRAY[1,2], numrange(10,20));
+
+-- should fail
+select anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(ARRAY[1.1,2], int4range(10,20));
+
+drop function anycompatiblearray_anycompatiblerange_func(anycompatiblearray, anycompatiblerange);
+
+-- should fail
+create function bogus_func(anycompatible)
+  returns anycompatiblerange as 'select int4range(1,10)' language sql;
+
+--
+-- Arrays of ranges
+--
+
+select ARRAY[numrange(1.1, 1.2), numrange(12.3, 155.5)];
+
+create table i8r_array (f1 int, f2 int8range[]);
+insert into i8r_array values (42, array[int8range(1,10), int8range(2,20)]);
+select * from i8r_array;
+drop table i8r_array;
+
+--
+-- Ranges of arrays
+--
+
+create type arrayrange as range (subtype=int4[]);
+
+select arrayrange(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[2,1]);
+select arrayrange(ARRAY[2,1], ARRAY[1,2]);  -- fail
+
+select array[1,1] <@ arrayrange(array[1,2], array[2,1]);
+select array[1,3] <@ arrayrange(array[1,2], array[2,1]);
+
+--
+-- Ranges of composites
+--
+
+create type two_ints as (a int, b int);
+create type two_ints_range as range (subtype = two_ints);
+
+-- with force_parallel_mode on, this exercises tqueue.c's range remapping
+select *, row_to_json(upper(t)) as u from
+  (values (two_ints_range(row(1,2), row(3,4))),
+          (two_ints_range(row(5,6), row(7,8)))) v(t);
+
+-- this must be rejected to avoid self-inclusion issues:
+alter type two_ints add attribute c two_ints_range;
+
+drop type two_ints cascade;
+
+--
+-- Check behavior when subtype lacks a hash function
+--
+
+create type cashrange as range (subtype = money);
+
+set enable_sort = off;  -- try to make it pick a hash setop implementation
+
+select '(2,5)'::cashrange except select '(5,6)'::cashrange;
+
+reset enable_sort;
+
+--
+-- OUT/INOUT/TABLE functions
+--
+
+-- infer anyrange from anyrange
+create function outparam_succeed(i anyrange, out r anyrange, out t text)
+  as $$ select $1, 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+
+select * from outparam_succeed(int4range(1,2));
+
+create function outparam2_succeed(r anyrange, out lu anyarray, out ul anyarray)
+  as $$ select array[lower($1), upper($1)], array[upper($1), lower($1)] $$
+  language sql;
+
+select * from outparam2_succeed(int4range(1,11));
+
+-- infer anyarray from anyrange
+create function outparam_succeed2(i anyrange, out r anyarray, out t text)
+  as $$ select ARRAY[upper($1)], 'foo'::text $$ language sql;
+
+select * from outparam_succeed2(int4range(int4range(1,2)));
+
+-- infer anyelement from anyrange
+create function inoutparam_succeed(out i anyelement, inout r anyrange)
+  as $$ select upper($1), $1 $$ language sql;
+
+select * from inoutparam_succeed(int4range(1,2));
+
+create function table_succeed(r anyrange)
+  returns table(l anyelement, u anyelement)
+  as $$ select lower($1), upper($1) $$
+  language sql;
+
+select * from table_succeed(int4range(1,11));
+
+-- should fail
+create function outparam_fail(i anyelement, out r anyrange, out t text)
+  as $$ select '[1,10]', 'foo' $$ language sql;
+
+--should fail
+create function inoutparam_fail(inout i anyelement, out r anyrange)
+  as $$ select $1, '[1,10]' $$ language sql;
+
+--should fail
+create function table_fail(i anyelement) returns table(i anyelement, r anyrange)
+  as $$ select $1, '[1,10]' $$ language sql;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/regex.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/regex.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5621710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/regex.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+--
+-- Regular expression tests
+--
+
+-- Don't want to have to double backslashes in regexes
+set standard_conforming_strings = on;
+
+-- Test simple quantified backrefs
+select 'bbbbb' ~ '^([bc])\1*$' as t;
+select 'ccc' ~ '^([bc])\1*$' as t;
+select 'xxx' ~ '^([bc])\1*$' as f;
+select 'bbc' ~ '^([bc])\1*$' as f;
+select 'b' ~ '^([bc])\1*$' as t;
+
+-- Test quantified backref within a larger expression
+select 'abc abc abc' ~ '^(\w+)( \1)+$' as t;
+select 'abc abd abc' ~ '^(\w+)( \1)+$' as f;
+select 'abc abc abd' ~ '^(\w+)( \1)+$' as f;
+select 'abc abc abc' ~ '^(.+)( \1)+$' as t;
+select 'abc abd abc' ~ '^(.+)( \1)+$' as f;
+select 'abc abc abd' ~ '^(.+)( \1)+$' as f;
+
+-- Test some cases that crashed in 9.2beta1 due to pmatch[] array overrun
+select substring('asd TO foo' from ' TO (([a-z0-9._]+|"([^"]+|"")+")+)');
+select substring('a' from '((a))+');
+select substring('a' from '((a)+)');
+
+-- Test regexp_match()
+select regexp_match('abc', '');
+select regexp_match('abc', 'bc');
+select regexp_match('abc', 'd') is null;
+select regexp_match('abc', '(B)(c)', 'i');
+select regexp_match('abc', 'Bd', 'ig'); -- error
+
+-- Test lookahead constraints
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a(?=b)b*');
+select regexp_matches('a', 'a(?=b)b*');
+select regexp_matches('abc', 'a(?=b)b*(?=c)c*');
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a(?=b)b*(?=c)c*');
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a(?!b)b*');
+select regexp_matches('a', 'a(?!b)b*');
+select regexp_matches('b', '(?=b)b');
+select regexp_matches('a', '(?=b)b');
+
+-- Test lookbehind constraints
+select regexp_matches('abb', '(?<=a)b*');
+select regexp_matches('a', 'a(?<=a)b*');
+select regexp_matches('abc', 'a(?<=a)b*(?<=b)c*');
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a(?<=a)b*(?<=b)c*');
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a*(?<!a)b*');
+select regexp_matches('ab', 'a*(?<!a)b+');
+select regexp_matches('b', 'a*(?<!a)b+');
+select regexp_matches('a', 'a(?<!a)b*');
+select regexp_matches('b', '(?<=b)b');
+select regexp_matches('foobar', '(?<=f)b+');
+select regexp_matches('foobar', '(?<=foo)b+');
+select regexp_matches('foobar', '(?<=oo)b+');
+
+-- Test optimization of single-chr-or-bracket-expression lookaround constraints
+select 'xz' ~ 'x(?=[xy])';
+select 'xy' ~ 'x(?=[xy])';
+select 'xz' ~ 'x(?![xy])';
+select 'xy' ~ 'x(?![xy])';
+select 'x'  ~ 'x(?![xy])';
+select 'xyy' ~ '(?<=[xy])yy+';
+select 'zyy' ~ '(?<=[xy])yy+';
+select 'xyy' ~ '(?<![xy])yy+';
+select 'zyy' ~ '(?<![xy])yy+';
+
+-- Test conversion of regex patterns to indexable conditions
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ 'abc';
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc';
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc$';
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abcd*e';
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abc+d';
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)(def)';
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)$';
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^(abc)?d';
+explain (costs off) select * from pg_proc where proname ~ '^abcd(x|(?=\w\w)q)';
+
+-- Test for infinite loop in pullback() (CVE-2007-4772)
+select 'a' ~ '($|^)*';
+
+-- These cases expose a bug in the original fix for CVE-2007-4772
+select 'a' ~ '(^)+^';
+select 'a' ~ '$($$)+';
+
+-- More cases of infinite loop in pullback(), not fixed by CVE-2007-4772 fix
+select 'a' ~ '($^)+';
+select 'a' ~ '(^$)*';
+select 'aa bb cc' ~ '(^(?!aa))+';
+select 'aa x' ~ '(^(?!aa)(?!bb)(?!cc))+';
+select 'bb x' ~ '(^(?!aa)(?!bb)(?!cc))+';
+select 'cc x' ~ '(^(?!aa)(?!bb)(?!cc))+';
+select 'dd x' ~ '(^(?!aa)(?!bb)(?!cc))+';
+
+-- Test for infinite loop in fixempties() (Tcl bugs 3604074, 3606683)
+select 'a' ~ '((((((a)*)*)*)*)*)*';
+select 'a' ~ '((((((a+|)+|)+|)+|)+|)+|)';
+
+-- These cases used to give too-many-states failures
+select 'x' ~ 'abcd(\m)+xyz';
+select 'a' ~ '^abcd*(((((^(a c(e?d)a+|)+|)+|)+|)+|a)+|)';
+select 'x' ~ 'a^(^)bcd*xy(((((($a+|)+|)+|)+$|)+|)+|)^$';
+select 'x' ~ 'xyz(\Y\Y)+';
+select 'x' ~ 'x|(?:\M)+';
+
+-- This generates O(N) states but O(N^2) arcs, so it causes problems
+-- if arc count is not constrained
+select 'x' ~ repeat('x*y*z*', 1000);
+
+-- Test backref in combination with non-greedy quantifier
+-- https://core.tcl.tk/tcl/tktview/6585b21ca8fa6f3678d442b97241fdd43dba2ec0
+select 'Programmer' ~ '(\w).*?\1' as t;
+select regexp_matches('Programmer', '(\w)(.*?\1)', 'g');
+
+-- Test for proper matching of non-greedy iteration (bug #11478)
+select regexp_matches('foo/bar/baz',
+                      '^([^/]+?)(?:/([^/]+?))(?:/([^/]+?))?$', '');
+
+-- Test that greediness can be overridden by outer quantifier
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*)(.*)(f*)$');
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*){1,1}(.*)(f*)$');
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*){1,1}?(.*)(f*)$');
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*){1,1}?(.*){1,1}?(f*)$');
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?)(.*)(f*)$');
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?){1,1}(.*)(f*)$');
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?){1,1}?(.*)(f*)$');
+select regexp_matches('llmmmfff', '^(l*?){1,1}?(.*){1,1}?(f*)$');
+
+-- Test for infinite loop in cfindloop with zero-length possible match
+-- but no actual match (can only happen in the presence of backrefs)
+select 'a' ~ '$()|^\1';
+select 'a' ~ '.. ()|\1';
+select 'a' ~ '()*\1';
+select 'a' ~ '()+\1';
+
+-- Test incorrect removal of capture groups within {0}
+select 'xxx' ~ '(.){0}(\1)' as f;
+select 'xxx' ~ '((.)){0}(\2)' as f;
+select 'xyz' ~ '((.)){0}(\2){0}' as t;
+
+-- Test ancient oversight in when to apply zaptreesubs
+select 'abcdef' ~ '^(.)\1|\1.' as f;
+select 'abadef' ~ '^((.)\2|..)\2' as f;
+
+-- Add coverage for some cases in checkmatchall
+select regexp_match('xy', '.|...');
+select regexp_match('xyz', '.|...');
+select regexp_match('xy', '.*');
+select regexp_match('fooba', '(?:..)*');
+select regexp_match('xyz', repeat('.', 260));
+select regexp_match('foo', '(?:.|){99}');
+
+-- Error conditions
+select 'xyz' ~ 'x(\w)(?=\1)';  -- no backrefs in LACONs
+select 'xyz' ~ 'x(\w)(?=(\1))';
+select 'a' ~ '\x7fffffff';  -- invalid chr code
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/regproc.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/regproc.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..faab0c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/regproc.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+--
+-- regproc
+--
+
+/* If objects exist, return oids */
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_regrole_test;
+
+-- without schemaname
+
+SELECT regoper('||/');
+SELECT regoperator('+(int4,int4)');
+SELECT regproc('now');
+SELECT regprocedure('abs(numeric)');
+SELECT regclass('pg_class');
+SELECT regtype('int4');
+SELECT regcollation('"POSIX"');
+
+SELECT to_regoper('||/');
+SELECT to_regoperator('+(int4,int4)');
+SELECT to_regproc('now');
+SELECT to_regprocedure('abs(numeric)');
+SELECT to_regclass('pg_class');
+SELECT to_regtype('int4');
+SELECT to_regcollation('"POSIX"');
+
+-- with schemaname
+
+SELECT regoper('pg_catalog.||/');
+SELECT regoperator('pg_catalog.+(int4,int4)');
+SELECT regproc('pg_catalog.now');
+SELECT regprocedure('pg_catalog.abs(numeric)');
+SELECT regclass('pg_catalog.pg_class');
+SELECT regtype('pg_catalog.int4');
+SELECT regcollation('pg_catalog."POSIX"');
+
+SELECT to_regoper('pg_catalog.||/');
+SELECT to_regproc('pg_catalog.now');
+SELECT to_regprocedure('pg_catalog.abs(numeric)');
+SELECT to_regclass('pg_catalog.pg_class');
+SELECT to_regtype('pg_catalog.int4');
+SELECT to_regcollation('pg_catalog."POSIX"');
+
+-- schemaname not applicable
+
+SELECT regrole('regress_regrole_test');
+SELECT regrole('"regress_regrole_test"');
+SELECT regnamespace('pg_catalog');
+SELECT regnamespace('"pg_catalog"');
+
+SELECT to_regrole('regress_regrole_test');
+SELECT to_regrole('"regress_regrole_test"');
+SELECT to_regnamespace('pg_catalog');
+SELECT to_regnamespace('"pg_catalog"');
+
+/* If objects don't exist, raise errors. */
+
+DROP ROLE regress_regrole_test;
+
+-- without schemaname
+
+SELECT regoper('||//');
+SELECT regoperator('++(int4,int4)');
+SELECT regproc('know');
+SELECT regprocedure('absinthe(numeric)');
+SELECT regclass('pg_classes');
+SELECT regtype('int3');
+
+-- with schemaname
+
+SELECT regoper('ng_catalog.||/');
+SELECT regoperator('ng_catalog.+(int4,int4)');
+SELECT regproc('ng_catalog.now');
+SELECT regprocedure('ng_catalog.abs(numeric)');
+SELECT regclass('ng_catalog.pg_class');
+SELECT regtype('ng_catalog.int4');
+SELECT regcollation('ng_catalog."POSIX"');
+
+-- schemaname not applicable
+
+SELECT regrole('regress_regrole_test');
+SELECT regrole('"regress_regrole_test"');
+SELECT regrole('Nonexistent');
+SELECT regrole('"Nonexistent"');
+SELECT regrole('foo.bar');
+SELECT regnamespace('Nonexistent');
+SELECT regnamespace('"Nonexistent"');
+SELECT regnamespace('foo.bar');
+
+/* If objects don't exist, return NULL with no error. */
+
+-- without schemaname
+
+SELECT to_regoper('||//');
+SELECT to_regoperator('++(int4,int4)');
+SELECT to_regproc('know');
+SELECT to_regprocedure('absinthe(numeric)');
+SELECT to_regclass('pg_classes');
+SELECT to_regtype('int3');
+SELECT to_regcollation('notacollation');
+
+-- with schemaname
+
+SELECT to_regoper('ng_catalog.||/');
+SELECT to_regoperator('ng_catalog.+(int4,int4)');
+SELECT to_regproc('ng_catalog.now');
+SELECT to_regprocedure('ng_catalog.abs(numeric)');
+SELECT to_regclass('ng_catalog.pg_class');
+SELECT to_regtype('ng_catalog.int4');
+SELECT to_regcollation('ng_catalog."POSIX"');
+
+-- schemaname not applicable
+
+SELECT to_regrole('regress_regrole_test');
+SELECT to_regrole('"regress_regrole_test"');
+SELECT to_regrole('foo.bar');
+SELECT to_regrole('Nonexistent');
+SELECT to_regrole('"Nonexistent"');
+SELECT to_regrole('foo.bar');
+SELECT to_regnamespace('Nonexistent');
+SELECT to_regnamespace('"Nonexistent"');
+SELECT to_regnamespace('foo.bar');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/reindex_catalog.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/reindex_catalog.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8203641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/reindex_catalog.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+--
+-- Check that system tables can be reindexed.
+--
+-- Note that this test currently is not included in the default
+-- schedules, as currently reindexing catalog tables can cause
+-- deadlocks:
+--
+-- * The lock upgrade between the ShareLock acquired for the reindex
+--   and RowExclusiveLock needed for pg_class/pg_index locks can
+--   trigger deadlocks.
+--
+-- * The uniqueness checks performed when reindexing a unique/primary
+--   key index possibly need to wait for the transaction of a
+--   about-to-deleted row in pg_class to commit. That can cause
+--   deadlocks because, in contrast to user tables, locks on catalog
+--   tables are routinely released before commit - therefore the lock
+--   held for reindexing doesn't guarantee that no running transaction
+--   performed modifications in the table underlying the index.
+--
+--   This is particularly problematic as such conflicts can be
+--   triggered even when run in isolation, as a previous session's
+--   temporary table cleanup might still be running (even when the
+--   session ended from a client perspective).
+
+
+-- Check reindexing of whole tables
+REINDEX TABLE pg_class; -- mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX TABLE pg_index; -- non-mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX TABLE pg_operator; -- non-mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX TABLE pg_database; -- mapped, shared, critical
+REINDEX TABLE pg_shdescription; -- mapped, shared non-critical
+
+-- Check that individual system indexes can be reindexed. That's a bit
+-- different from the entire-table case because reindex_relation
+-- treats e.g. pg_class special.
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_oid_index; -- mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_relname_nsp_index; -- mapped, non-shared, non-critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_index_indexrelid_index; -- non-mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_index_indrelid_index; -- non-mapped, non-shared, non-critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_database_oid_index; -- mapped, shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_shdescription_o_c_index; -- mapped, shared, non-critical
+
+-- Check the same REINDEX INDEX statements under parallelism.
+BEGIN;
+SET min_parallel_table_scan_size = 0;
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_oid_index; -- mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_relname_nsp_index; -- mapped, non-shared, non-critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_index_indexrelid_index; -- non-mapped, non-shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_index_indrelid_index; -- non-mapped, non-shared, non-critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_database_oid_index; -- mapped, shared, critical
+REINDEX INDEX pg_shdescription_o_c_index; -- mapped, shared, non-critical
+ROLLBACK;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/reloptions.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/reloptions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4252b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/reloptions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+
+-- Simple create
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test(i INT) WITH (FiLLFaCToR=30,
+	autovacuum_enabled = false, autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.2);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+
+-- Fail min/max values check
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor=2);
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor=110);
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = -10.0);
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 110.0);
+
+-- Fail when option and namespace do not exist
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (not_existing_option=2);
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (not_existing_namespace.fillfactor=2);
+
+-- Fail while setting improper values
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor=-30.1);
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor='string');
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor=true);
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=12);
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=30.5);
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_enabled='string');
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor='string');
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor=true);
+
+-- Fail if option is specified twice
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor=30, fillfactor=40);
+
+-- Specifying name only for a non-Boolean option should fail
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2(i INT) WITH (fillfactor);
+
+-- Simple ALTER TABLE
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test SET (fillfactor=31,
+	autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.3);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+
+-- Set boolean option to true without specifying value
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test SET (autovacuum_enabled, fillfactor=32);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+
+-- Check that RESET works well
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test RESET (fillfactor);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+
+-- Resetting all values causes the column to become null
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test RESET (autovacuum_enabled,
+	autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass AND
+       reloptions IS NULL;
+
+-- RESET fails if a value is specified
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test RESET (fillfactor=12);
+
+-- Test vacuum_truncate option
+DROP TABLE reloptions_test;
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE reloptions_test(i INT NOT NULL, j text)
+	WITH (vacuum_truncate=false,
+	toast.vacuum_truncate=false,
+	autovacuum_enabled=false);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+INSERT INTO reloptions_test VALUES (1, NULL), (NULL, NULL);
+-- Do an aggressive vacuum to prevent page-skipping.
+VACUUM (FREEZE, DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) reloptions_test;
+SELECT pg_relation_size('reloptions_test') > 0;
+
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid =
+	(SELECT reltoastrelid FROM pg_class
+	WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass);
+
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test RESET (vacuum_truncate);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+INSERT INTO reloptions_test VALUES (1, NULL), (NULL, NULL);
+-- Do an aggressive vacuum to prevent page-skipping.
+VACUUM (FREEZE, DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) reloptions_test;
+SELECT pg_relation_size('reloptions_test') = 0;
+
+-- Test toast.* options
+DROP TABLE reloptions_test;
+
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test (s VARCHAR)
+	WITH (toast.autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 23);
+SELECT reltoastrelid as toast_oid
+	FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass \gset
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = :toast_oid;
+
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test SET (toast.autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 24);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = :toast_oid;
+
+ALTER TABLE reloptions_test RESET (toast.autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = :toast_oid;
+
+-- Fail on non-existent options in toast namespace
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test2 (i int) WITH (toast.not_existing_option = 42);
+
+-- Mix TOAST & heap
+DROP TABLE reloptions_test;
+
+CREATE TABLE reloptions_test (s VARCHAR) WITH
+	(toast.autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 23,
+	autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 24, fillfactor = 40);
+
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass;
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = (
+	SELECT reltoastrelid FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test'::regclass);
+
+--
+-- CREATE INDEX, ALTER INDEX for btrees
+--
+
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx ON reloptions_test (s) WITH (fillfactor=30);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test_idx'::regclass;
+
+-- Fail when option and namespace do not exist
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx ON reloptions_test (s)
+	WITH (not_existing_option=2);
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx ON reloptions_test (s)
+	WITH (not_existing_ns.fillfactor=2);
+
+-- Check allowed ranges
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx2 ON reloptions_test (s) WITH (fillfactor=1);
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx2 ON reloptions_test (s) WITH (fillfactor=130);
+
+-- Check ALTER
+ALTER INDEX reloptions_test_idx SET (fillfactor=40);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test_idx'::regclass;
+
+-- Check ALTER on empty reloption list
+CREATE INDEX reloptions_test_idx3 ON reloptions_test (s);
+ALTER INDEX reloptions_test_idx3 SET (fillfactor=40);
+SELECT reloptions FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'reloptions_test_idx3'::regclass;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/replica_identity.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/replica_identity.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14620b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/replica_identity.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity (
+       id serial primary key,
+       keya text not null,
+       keyb text not null,
+       nonkey text,
+       CONSTRAINT test_replica_identity_unique_defer UNIQUE (keya, keyb) DEFERRABLE,
+       CONSTRAINT test_replica_identity_unique_nondefer UNIQUE (keya, keyb)
+) ;
+
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity_othertable (id serial primary key);
+
+CREATE INDEX test_replica_identity_keyab ON test_replica_identity (keya, keyb);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_replica_identity_keyab_key ON test_replica_identity (keya, keyb);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_replica_identity_nonkey ON test_replica_identity (keya, nonkey);
+CREATE INDEX test_replica_identity_hash ON test_replica_identity USING hash (nonkey);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_replica_identity_expr ON test_replica_identity (keya, keyb, (3));
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_replica_identity_partial ON test_replica_identity (keya, keyb) WHERE keyb != '3';
+
+-- default is 'd'/DEFAULT for user created tables
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+-- but 'none' for system tables
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'pg_class'::regclass;
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'pg_constraint'::regclass;
+
+----
+-- Make sure we detect ineligible indexes
+----
+
+-- fail, not unique
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_keyab;
+-- fail, not a candidate key, nullable column
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_nonkey;
+-- fail, hash indexes cannot do uniqueness
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_hash;
+-- fail, expression index
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_expr;
+-- fail, partial index
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_partial;
+-- fail, not our index
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_othertable_pkey;
+-- fail, deferrable
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_unique_defer;
+
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+
+----
+-- Make sure index cases succeed
+----
+
+-- succeed, primary key
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_pkey;
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+\d test_replica_identity
+
+-- succeed, nondeferrable unique constraint over nonnullable cols
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_unique_nondefer;
+
+-- succeed unique index over nonnullable cols
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_keyab_key;
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity_keyab_key;
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+\d test_replica_identity
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass AND indisreplident;
+
+----
+-- Make sure non index cases work
+----
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY DEFAULT;
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass AND indisreplident;
+
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+\d+ test_replica_identity
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING;
+SELECT relreplident FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'test_replica_identity'::regclass;
+
+---
+-- Test that ALTER TABLE rewrite preserves nondefault replica identity
+---
+
+-- constraint variant
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity2 (id int UNIQUE NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity2 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity2_id_key;
+\d test_replica_identity2
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity2 ALTER COLUMN id TYPE bigint;
+\d test_replica_identity2
+
+-- straight index variant
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity3 (id int NOT NULL);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_replica_identity3_id_key ON test_replica_identity3 (id);
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity3 REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity3_id_key;
+\d test_replica_identity3
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity3 ALTER COLUMN id TYPE bigint;
+\d test_replica_identity3
+
+-- ALTER TABLE DROP NOT NULL is not allowed for columns part of an index
+-- used as replica identity.
+ALTER TABLE test_replica_identity3 ALTER COLUMN id DROP NOT NULL;
+
+--
+-- Test that replica identity can be set on an index that's not yet valid.
+-- (This matches the way pg_dump will try to dump a partitioned table.)
+--
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity4(id integer NOT NULL) PARTITION BY LIST (id);
+CREATE TABLE test_replica_identity4_1(id integer NOT NULL);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_replica_identity4
+  ATTACH PARTITION test_replica_identity4_1 FOR VALUES IN (1);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_replica_identity4
+  ADD CONSTRAINT test_replica_identity4_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_replica_identity4
+  REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX test_replica_identity4_pkey;
+ALTER TABLE ONLY test_replica_identity4_1
+  ADD CONSTRAINT test_replica_identity4_1_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+\d+ test_replica_identity4
+ALTER INDEX test_replica_identity4_pkey
+  ATTACH PARTITION test_replica_identity4_1_pkey;
+\d+ test_replica_identity4
+
+DROP TABLE test_replica_identity;
+DROP TABLE test_replica_identity2;
+DROP TABLE test_replica_identity3;
+DROP TABLE test_replica_identity4;
+DROP TABLE test_replica_identity_othertable;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/returning.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/returning.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a460f82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/returning.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+--
+-- Test INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE RETURNING
+--
+
+-- Simple cases
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (f1 serial, f2 text, f3 int default 42);
+
+INSERT INTO foo (f2,f3)
+  VALUES ('test', DEFAULT), ('More', 11), (upper('more'), 7+9)
+  RETURNING *, f1+f3 AS sum;
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+UPDATE foo SET f2 = lower(f2), f3 = DEFAULT RETURNING foo.*, f1+f3 AS sum13;
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+DELETE FROM foo WHERE f1 > 2 RETURNING f3, f2, f1, least(f1,f3);
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+-- Subplans and initplans in the RETURNING list
+
+INSERT INTO foo SELECT f1+10, f2, f3+99 FROM foo
+  RETURNING *, f1+112 IN (SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl) AS subplan,
+    EXISTS(SELECT * FROM int4_tbl) AS initplan;
+
+UPDATE foo SET f3 = f3 * 2
+  WHERE f1 > 10
+  RETURNING *, f1+112 IN (SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl) AS subplan,
+    EXISTS(SELECT * FROM int4_tbl) AS initplan;
+
+DELETE FROM foo
+  WHERE f1 > 10
+  RETURNING *, f1+112 IN (SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl) AS subplan,
+    EXISTS(SELECT * FROM int4_tbl) AS initplan;
+
+-- Joins
+
+UPDATE foo SET f3 = f3*2
+  FROM int4_tbl i
+  WHERE foo.f1 + 123455 = i.f1
+  RETURNING foo.*, i.f1 as "i.f1";
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+DELETE FROM foo
+  USING int4_tbl i
+  WHERE foo.f1 + 123455 = i.f1
+  RETURNING foo.*, i.f1 as "i.f1";
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+-- Check inheritance cases
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foochild (fc int) INHERITS (foo);
+
+INSERT INTO foochild VALUES(123,'child',999,-123);
+
+ALTER TABLE foo ADD COLUMN f4 int8 DEFAULT 99;
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+SELECT * FROM foochild;
+
+UPDATE foo SET f4 = f4 + f3 WHERE f4 = 99 RETURNING *;
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+SELECT * FROM foochild;
+
+UPDATE foo SET f3 = f3*2
+  FROM int8_tbl i
+  WHERE foo.f1 = i.q2
+  RETURNING *;
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+SELECT * FROM foochild;
+
+DELETE FROM foo
+  USING int8_tbl i
+  WHERE foo.f1 = i.q2
+  RETURNING *;
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+SELECT * FROM foochild;
+
+DROP TABLE foochild;
+
+-- Rules and views
+
+CREATE TEMP VIEW voo AS SELECT f1, f2 FROM foo;
+
+CREATE RULE voo_i AS ON INSERT TO voo DO INSTEAD
+  INSERT INTO foo VALUES(new.*, 57);
+
+INSERT INTO voo VALUES(11,'zit');
+-- fails:
+INSERT INTO voo VALUES(12,'zoo') RETURNING *, f1*2;
+
+-- fails, incompatible list:
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE voo_i AS ON INSERT TO voo DO INSTEAD
+  INSERT INTO foo VALUES(new.*, 57) RETURNING *;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE voo_i AS ON INSERT TO voo DO INSTEAD
+  INSERT INTO foo VALUES(new.*, 57) RETURNING f1, f2;
+
+-- should still work
+INSERT INTO voo VALUES(13,'zit2');
+-- works now
+INSERT INTO voo VALUES(14,'zoo2') RETURNING *;
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+SELECT * FROM voo;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE voo_u AS ON UPDATE TO voo DO INSTEAD
+  UPDATE foo SET f1 = new.f1, f2 = new.f2 WHERE f1 = old.f1
+  RETURNING f1, f2;
+
+update voo set f1 = f1 + 1 where f2 = 'zoo2';
+update voo set f1 = f1 + 1 where f2 = 'zoo2' RETURNING *, f1*2;
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+SELECT * FROM voo;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE voo_d AS ON DELETE TO voo DO INSTEAD
+  DELETE FROM foo WHERE f1 = old.f1
+  RETURNING f1, f2;
+
+DELETE FROM foo WHERE f1 = 13;
+DELETE FROM foo WHERE f2 = 'zit' RETURNING *;
+
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+SELECT * FROM voo;
+
+-- Try a join case
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE joinme (f2j text, other int);
+INSERT INTO joinme VALUES('more', 12345);
+INSERT INTO joinme VALUES('zoo2', 54321);
+INSERT INTO joinme VALUES('other', 0);
+
+CREATE TEMP VIEW joinview AS
+  SELECT foo.*, other FROM foo JOIN joinme ON (f2 = f2j);
+
+SELECT * FROM joinview;
+
+CREATE RULE joinview_u AS ON UPDATE TO joinview DO INSTEAD
+  UPDATE foo SET f1 = new.f1, f3 = new.f3
+    FROM joinme WHERE f2 = f2j AND f2 = old.f2
+    RETURNING foo.*, other;
+
+UPDATE joinview SET f1 = f1 + 1 WHERE f3 = 57 RETURNING *, other + 1;
+
+SELECT * FROM joinview;
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+SELECT * FROM voo;
+
+-- Check aliased target relation
+INSERT INTO foo AS bar DEFAULT VALUES RETURNING *; -- ok
+INSERT INTO foo AS bar DEFAULT VALUES RETURNING foo.*; -- fails, wrong name
+INSERT INTO foo AS bar DEFAULT VALUES RETURNING bar.*; -- ok
+INSERT INTO foo AS bar DEFAULT VALUES RETURNING bar.f3; -- ok
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/roleattributes.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/roleattributes.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c961b2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/roleattributes.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+-- default for superuser is false
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_superuser;
+
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_superuser';
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_superuser WITH SUPERUSER;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_superuser';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_superuser WITH NOSUPERUSER;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_superuser';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_superuser WITH SUPERUSER;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_superuser';
+
+-- default for inherit is true
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_inherit;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_inherit';
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_inherit WITH NOINHERIT;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_inherit';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_inherit WITH INHERIT;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_inherit';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_inherit WITH NOINHERIT;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_inherit';
+
+-- default for create role is false
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_createrole;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_createrole';
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_createrole WITH CREATEROLE;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createrole';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_createrole WITH NOCREATEROLE;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createrole';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_createrole WITH CREATEROLE;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createrole';
+
+-- default for create database is false
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_createdb;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_createdb';
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_createdb WITH CREATEDB;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createdb';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_createdb WITH NOCREATEDB;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createdb';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_createdb WITH CREATEDB;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_createdb';
+
+-- default for can login is false for role
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_role_canlogin;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_role_canlogin';
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_role_canlogin WITH LOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_role_canlogin';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_role_canlogin WITH NOLOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_role_canlogin';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_role_canlogin WITH LOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_role_canlogin';
+
+-- default for can login is true for user
+CREATE USER regress_test_def_user_canlogin;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_user_canlogin';
+CREATE USER regress_test_user_canlogin WITH NOLOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_user_canlogin';
+ALTER USER regress_test_user_canlogin WITH LOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_user_canlogin';
+ALTER USER regress_test_user_canlogin WITH NOLOGIN;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_user_canlogin';
+
+-- default for replication is false
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_replication;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_replication';
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_replication WITH REPLICATION;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_replication';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_replication WITH NOREPLICATION;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_replication';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_replication WITH REPLICATION;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_replication';
+
+-- default for bypassrls is false
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_def_bypassrls;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_def_bypassrls';
+CREATE ROLE regress_test_bypassrls WITH BYPASSRLS;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_bypassrls';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_bypassrls WITH NOBYPASSRLS;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_bypassrls';
+ALTER ROLE regress_test_bypassrls WITH BYPASSRLS;
+SELECT rolname, rolsuper, rolinherit, rolcreaterole, rolcreatedb, rolcanlogin, rolreplication, rolbypassrls, rolconnlimit, rolpassword, rolvaliduntil FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_test_bypassrls';
+
+-- clean up roles
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_superuser;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_superuser;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_inherit;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_inherit;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_createrole;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_createrole;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_createdb;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_createdb;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_role_canlogin;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_role_canlogin;
+DROP USER regress_test_def_user_canlogin;
+DROP USER regress_test_user_canlogin;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_replication;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_replication;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_def_bypassrls;
+DROP ROLE regress_test_bypassrls;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/rowsecurity.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/rowsecurity.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34ea204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/rowsecurity.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,2239 @@
+--
+-- Test of Row-level security feature
+--
+
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+
+-- Suppress NOTICE messages when users/groups don't exist
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_alice;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_bob;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_carol;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_dave;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_exempt_user;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group1;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group2;
+
+DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS regress_rls_schema CASCADE;
+
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+-- initial setup
+CREATE USER regress_rls_alice NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_bob NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_carol NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_dave NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_exempt_user BYPASSRLS NOLOGIN;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group1 NOLOGIN;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group2 NOLOGIN;
+
+GRANT regress_rls_group1 TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT regress_rls_group2 TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_rls_schema;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA regress_rls_schema to public;
+SET search_path = regress_rls_schema;
+
+-- setup of malicious function
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_leak(text) RETURNS bool
+    COST 0.0000001 LANGUAGE plpgsql
+    AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''f_leak => %'', $1; RETURN true; END';
+GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION f_leak(text) TO public;
+
+-- BASIC Row-Level Security Scenario
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE uaccount (
+    pguser      name primary key,
+    seclv       int
+);
+GRANT SELECT ON uaccount TO public;
+INSERT INTO uaccount VALUES
+    ('regress_rls_alice', 99),
+    ('regress_rls_bob', 1),
+    ('regress_rls_carol', 2),
+    ('regress_rls_dave', 3);
+
+CREATE TABLE category (
+    cid        int primary key,
+    cname      text
+);
+GRANT ALL ON category TO public;
+INSERT INTO category VALUES
+    (11, 'novel'),
+    (22, 'science fiction'),
+    (33, 'technology'),
+    (44, 'manga');
+
+CREATE TABLE document (
+    did         int primary key,
+    cid         int references category(cid),
+    dlevel      int not null,
+    dauthor     name,
+    dtitle      text
+);
+GRANT ALL ON document TO public;
+INSERT INTO document VALUES
+    ( 1, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel'),
+    ( 2, 11, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second novel'),
+    ( 3, 22, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my science fiction'),
+    ( 4, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first manga'),
+    ( 5, 44, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second manga'),
+    ( 6, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great science fiction'),
+    ( 7, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great technology book'),
+    ( 8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great manga'),
+    ( 9, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome science fiction'),
+    (10, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome technology book');
+
+ALTER TABLE document ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- user's security level must be higher than or equal to document's
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS PERMISSIVE
+    USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+
+-- try to create a policy of bogus type
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS UGLY
+    USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+
+-- but Dave isn't allowed to anything at cid 50 or above
+-- this is to make sure that we sort the policies by name first
+-- when applying WITH CHECK, a later INSERT by Dave should fail due
+-- to p1r first
+CREATE POLICY p2r ON document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave
+    USING (cid <> 44 AND cid < 50);
+
+-- and Dave isn't allowed to see manga documents
+CREATE POLICY p1r ON document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave
+    USING (cid <> 44);
+
+\dp
+\d document
+SELECT * FROM pg_policies WHERE schemaname = 'regress_rls_schema' AND tablename = 'document' ORDER BY policyname;
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+-- try a sampled version
+SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0)
+  WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+-- try a sampled version
+SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0)
+  WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- 44 would technically fail for both p2r and p1r, but we should get an error
+-- back from p1r for this because it sorts first
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (100, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing sorting of policies'); -- fail
+-- Just to see a p2r error
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing sorting of policies'); -- fail
+
+-- only owner can change policies
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON document USING (true);    --fail
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;                  --fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON document USING (dauthor = current_user);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER by did;
+
+-- viewpoint from rls_regres_carol again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER by did;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- interaction of FK/PK constraints
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON category
+    USING (CASE WHEN current_user = 'regress_rls_bob' THEN cid IN (11, 33)
+           WHEN current_user = 'regress_rls_carol' THEN cid IN (22, 44)
+           ELSE false END);
+
+ALTER TABLE category ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- cannot delete PK referenced by invisible FK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM document d FULL OUTER JOIN category c on d.cid = c.cid ORDER BY d.did, c.cid;
+DELETE FROM category WHERE cid = 33;    -- fails with FK violation
+
+-- can insert FK referencing invisible PK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM document d FULL OUTER JOIN category c on d.cid = c.cid ORDER BY d.did, c.cid;
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (11, 33, 1, current_user, 'hoge');
+
+-- UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint violation DOES reveal presence of row
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my third manga'); -- Must fail with unique violation, revealing presence of did we can't see
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 8; -- and confirm we can't see it
+
+-- RLS policies are checked before constraints
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my third manga'); -- Should fail with RLS check violation, not duplicate key violation
+UPDATE document SET did = 8, dauthor = 'regress_rls_carol' WHERE did = 5; -- Should fail with RLS check violation, not duplicate key violation
+
+-- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when enabled
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+SELECT * FROM category;
+
+-- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when disabled
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+SELECT * FROM category;
+
+-- database non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+SELECT * FROM category;
+
+-- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS enabled.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+SELECT * FROM category;
+
+-- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS disabled.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+SELECT * FROM category;
+
+--
+-- Table inheritance and RLS policy
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+
+SET row_security TO ON;
+
+CREATE TABLE t1 (id int not null primary key, a int, junk1 text, b text);
+ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN junk1;    -- just a disturbing factor
+GRANT ALL ON t1 TO public;
+
+COPY t1 FROM stdin WITH ;
+101	1	aba
+102	2	bbb
+103	3	ccc
+104	4	dad
+\.
+
+CREATE TABLE t2 (c float) INHERITS (t1);
+GRANT ALL ON t2 TO public;
+
+COPY t2 FROM stdin;
+201	1	abc	1.1
+202	2	bcd	2.2
+203	3	cde	3.3
+204	4	def	4.4
+\.
+
+CREATE TABLE t3 (id int not null primary key, c text, b text, a int);
+ALTER TABLE t3 INHERIT t1;
+GRANT ALL ON t3 TO public;
+
+COPY t3(id, a,b,c) FROM stdin;
+301	1	xxx	X
+302	2	yyy	Y
+303	3	zzz	Z
+\.
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 FOR ALL TO PUBLIC USING (a % 2 = 0); -- be even number
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON t2 FOR ALL TO PUBLIC USING (a % 2 = 1); -- be odd number
+
+ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE t2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+-- reference to system column
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT *, t1 FROM t1;
+
+-- reference to whole-row reference
+SELECT *, t1 FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT *, t1 FROM t1;
+
+-- for share/update lock
+SELECT * FROM t1 FOR SHARE;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 FOR SHARE;
+
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) FOR SHARE;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) FOR SHARE;
+
+-- union all query
+SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t3;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t3;
+
+-- superuser is allowed to bypass RLS checks
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+-- non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+--
+-- Partitioned Tables
+--
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+
+CREATE TABLE part_document (
+    did         int,
+    cid         int,
+    dlevel      int not null,
+    dauthor     name,
+    dtitle      text
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (cid);
+GRANT ALL ON part_document TO public;
+
+-- Create partitions for document categories
+CREATE TABLE part_document_fiction PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (11) to (12);
+CREATE TABLE part_document_satire PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (55) to (56);
+CREATE TABLE part_document_nonfiction PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (99) to (100);
+
+GRANT ALL ON part_document_fiction TO public;
+GRANT ALL ON part_document_satire TO public;
+GRANT ALL ON part_document_nonfiction TO public;
+
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES
+    ( 1, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel'),
+    ( 2, 11, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second novel'),
+    ( 3, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my science textbook'),
+    ( 4, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first satire'),
+    ( 5, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my history book'),
+    ( 6, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great science fiction'),
+    ( 7, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great technology book'),
+    ( 8, 55, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great satire'),
+    ( 9, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome science fiction'),
+    (10, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome technology book');
+
+ALTER TABLE part_document ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Create policy on parent
+-- user's security level must be higher than or equal to document's
+CREATE POLICY pp1 ON part_document AS PERMISSIVE
+    USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+
+-- Dave is only allowed to see cid < 55
+CREATE POLICY pp1r ON part_document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave
+    USING (cid < 55);
+
+\d+ part_document
+SELECT * FROM pg_policies WHERE schemaname = 'regress_rls_schema' AND tablename like '%part_document%' ORDER BY policyname;
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- pp1 ERROR
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 11, 5, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing pp1'); -- fail
+-- pp1r ERROR
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 99, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing pp1r'); -- fail
+
+-- Show that RLS policy does not apply for direct inserts to children
+-- This should fail with RLS POLICY pp1r violation.
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- fail
+-- But this should succeed.
+INSERT INTO part_document_satire VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- success
+-- We still cannot see the row using the parent
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+-- But we can if we look directly
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+-- Turn on RLS and create policy on child to show RLS is checked before constraints
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER TABLE part_document_satire ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY pp3 ON part_document_satire AS RESTRICTIVE
+    USING (cid < 55);
+-- This should fail with RLS violation now.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+INSERT INTO part_document_satire VALUES (101, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- fail
+-- And now we cannot see directly into the partition either, due to RLS
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+-- The parent looks same as before
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- only owner can change policies
+ALTER POLICY pp1 ON part_document USING (true);    --fail
+DROP POLICY pp1 ON part_document;                  --fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY pp1 ON part_document USING (dauthor = current_user);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+-- viewpoint from rls_regres_carol again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when enabled
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+
+-- database non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+
+-- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS enabled.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER by did;
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+
+-- When RLS disabled, other users get ERROR.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER by did;
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+
+-- Check behavior with a policy that uses a SubPlan not an InitPlan.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+CREATE POLICY pp3 ON part_document AS RESTRICTIVE
+    USING ((SELECT dlevel <= seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 11, 5, 'regress_rls_carol', 'testing pp3'); -- fail
+
+----- Dependencies -----
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+
+CREATE TABLE dependee (x integer, y integer);
+
+CREATE TABLE dependent (x integer, y integer);
+CREATE POLICY d1 ON dependent FOR ALL
+    TO PUBLIC
+    USING (x = (SELECT d.x FROM dependee d WHERE d.y = y));
+
+DROP TABLE dependee; -- Should fail without CASCADE due to dependency on row security qual?
+
+DROP TABLE dependee CASCADE;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM dependent; -- After drop, should be unqualified
+
+-----   RECURSION    ----
+
+--
+-- Simple recursion
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE rec1 (x integer, y integer);
+CREATE POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT r.x FROM rec1 r WHERE y = r.y));
+ALTER TABLE rec1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1; -- fail, direct recursion
+
+--
+-- Mutual recursion
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE rec2 (a integer, b integer);
+ALTER POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2 WHERE b = y));
+CREATE POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1 WHERE y = b));
+ALTER TABLE rec2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1;    -- fail, mutual recursion
+
+--
+-- Mutual recursion via views
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rec1v AS SELECT * FROM rec1;
+CREATE VIEW rec2v AS SELECT * FROM rec2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2v WHERE b = y));
+ALTER POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1v WHERE y = b));
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1;    -- fail, mutual recursion via views
+
+--
+-- Mutual recursion via .s.b views
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+DROP VIEW rec1v, rec2v CASCADE;
+
+CREATE VIEW rec1v WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM rec1;
+CREATE VIEW rec2v WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM rec2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2v WHERE b = y));
+CREATE POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1v WHERE y = b));
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1;    -- fail, mutual recursion via s.b. views
+
+--
+-- recursive RLS and VIEWs in policy
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE s1 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO s1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-10,10) x);
+
+CREATE TABLE s2 (x int, y text);
+INSERT INTO s2 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-6,6) x);
+
+GRANT SELECT ON s1, s2 TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON s1 USING (a in (select x from s2 where y like '%2f%'));
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x in (select a from s1 where b like '%22%'));
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON s1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (a = (SELECT a FROM s1));
+
+ALTER TABLE s1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE s2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW v2 AS SELECT * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%af%';
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b); -- fail (infinite recursion)
+
+INSERT INTO s1 VALUES (1, 'foo'); -- fail (infinite recursion)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p3 on s1;
+ALTER POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x % 2 = 0);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b);	-- OK
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM only s1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON s1 USING (a in (select x from v2)); -- using VIEW in RLS policy
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b);	-- OK
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+SELECT (SELECT x FROM s1 LIMIT 1) xx, * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%28%';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT (SELECT x FROM s1 LIMIT 1) xx, * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%28%';
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x in (select a from s1 where b like '%d2%'));
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b);	-- fail (infinite recursion via view)
+
+-- prepared statement with regress_rls_alice privilege
+PREPARE p1(int) AS SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a <= $1;
+EXECUTE p1(2);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p1(2);
+
+-- superuser is allowed to bypass RLS checks
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+-- plan cache should be invalidated
+EXECUTE p1(2);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p1(2);
+
+PREPARE p2(int) AS SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a = $1;
+EXECUTE p2(2);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p2(2);
+
+-- also, case when privilege switch from superuser
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+EXECUTE p2(2);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p2(2);
+
+--
+-- UPDATE / DELETE and Row-level security
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 SET b = b || b WHERE f_leak(b);
+UPDATE t1 SET b = b || b WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE only t1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b);
+UPDATE only t1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+-- returning clause with system column
+UPDATE only t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+UPDATE t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+UPDATE t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+
+-- updates with from clause
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t3
+WHERE t2.a = 3 and t3.a = 2 AND f_leak(t2.b) AND f_leak(t3.b);
+
+UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t3
+WHERE t2.a = 3 and t3.a = 2 AND f_leak(t2.b) AND f_leak(t3.b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 SET b=t1.b FROM t2
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+
+UPDATE t1 SET b=t1.b FROM t2
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t1
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+
+UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t1
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+
+-- updates with from clause self join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 t2_1 SET b = t2_2.b FROM t2 t2_2
+WHERE t2_1.a = 3 AND t2_2.a = t2_1.a AND t2_2.b = t2_1.b
+AND f_leak(t2_1.b) AND f_leak(t2_2.b) RETURNING *, t2_1, t2_2;
+
+UPDATE t2 t2_1 SET b = t2_2.b FROM t2 t2_2
+WHERE t2_1.a = 3 AND t2_2.a = t2_1.a AND t2_2.b = t2_1.b
+AND f_leak(t2_1.b) AND f_leak(t2_2.b) RETURNING *, t2_1, t2_2;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 t1_1 SET b = t1_2.b FROM t1 t1_2
+WHERE t1_1.a = 4 AND t1_2.a = t1_1.a AND t1_2.b = t1_1.b
+AND f_leak(t1_1.b) AND f_leak(t1_2.b) RETURNING *, t1_1, t1_2;
+
+UPDATE t1 t1_1 SET b = t1_2.b FROM t1 t1_2
+WHERE t1_1.a = 4 AND t1_2.a = t1_1.a AND t1_2.b = t1_1.b
+AND f_leak(t1_1.b) AND f_leak(t1_2.b) RETURNING *, t1_1, t1_2;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a,b;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM only t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+DELETE FROM only t1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+DELETE FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+
+--
+-- S.b. view on top of Row-level security
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE b1 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO b1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-10,10) x);
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON b1 USING (a % 2 = 0);
+ALTER TABLE b1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT ALL ON b1 TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW bv1 WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM b1 WHERE a > 0 WITH CHECK OPTION;
+GRANT ALL ON bv1 TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM bv1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+SELECT * FROM bv1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (-1, 'xxx'); -- should fail view WCO
+INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (11, 'xxx'); -- should fail RLS check
+INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (12, 'xxx'); -- ok
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE bv1 SET b = 'yyy' WHERE a = 4 AND f_leak(b);
+UPDATE bv1 SET b = 'yyy' WHERE a = 4 AND f_leak(b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM bv1 WHERE a = 6 AND f_leak(b);
+DELETE FROM bv1 WHERE a = 6 AND f_leak(b);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM b1;
+--
+-- INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE and Row-level security
+--
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+DROP POLICY p1r ON document;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT USING (true);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON document FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON document FOR UPDATE
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'))
+  WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Exists...
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 2;
+
+-- ...so violates actual WITH CHECK OPTION within UPDATE (not INSERT, since
+-- alternative UPDATE path happens to be taken):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, dauthor = EXCLUDED.dauthor;
+
+-- Violates USING qual for UPDATE policy p3.
+--
+-- UPDATE path is taken, but UPDATE fails purely because *existing* row to be
+-- updated is not a "novel"/cid 11 (row is not leaked, even though we have
+-- SELECT privileges sufficient to see the row in this instance):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (33, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'okay science fiction'); -- preparation for next statement
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (33, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'Some novel, replaces sci-fi') -- takes UPDATE path
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle;
+-- Fine (we UPDATE, since INSERT WCOs and UPDATE security barrier quals + WCOs
+-- not violated):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+-- Fine (we INSERT, so "cid = 33" ("technology") isn't evaluated):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *;
+-- Fine (same query, but we UPDATE, so "cid = 33", ("technology") is not the
+-- case in respect of *existing* tuple):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *;
+-- Same query a third time, but now fails due to existing tuple finally not
+-- passing quals:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *;
+-- Don't fail just because INSERT doesn't satisfy WITH CHECK option that
+-- originated as a barrier/USING() qual from the UPDATE.  Note that the UPDATE
+-- path *isn't* taken, and so UPDATE-related policy does not apply:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+-- But this time, the same statement fails, because the UPDATE path is taken,
+-- and updating the row just inserted falls afoul of security barrier qual
+-- (enforced as WCO) -- what we might have updated target tuple to is
+-- irrelevant, in fact.
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+
+-- Test default USING qual enforced as WCO
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+DROP POLICY p2 ON document;
+DROP POLICY p3 ON document;
+
+CREATE POLICY p3_with_default ON document FOR UPDATE
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'));
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Just because WCO-style enforcement of USING quals occurs with
+-- existing/target tuple does not mean that the implementation can be allowed
+-- to fail to also enforce this qual against the final tuple appended to
+-- relation (since in the absence of an explicit WCO, this is also interpreted
+-- as an UPDATE/ALL WCO in general).
+--
+-- UPDATE path is taken here (fails due to existing tuple).  Note that this is
+-- not reported as a "USING expression", because it's an RLS UPDATE check that originated as
+-- a USING qual for the purposes of RLS in general, as opposed to an explicit
+-- USING qual that is ordinarily a security barrier.  We leave it up to the
+-- UPDATE to make this fail:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+
+-- UPDATE path is taken here.  Existing tuple passes, since its cid
+-- corresponds to "novel", but default USING qual is enforced against
+-- post-UPDATE tuple too (as always when updating with a policy that lacks an
+-- explicit WCO), and so this fails:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET cid = EXCLUDED.cid, dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p3_with_default ON document;
+
+--
+-- Test ALL policies with ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE (much the same as existing UPDATE
+-- tests)
+--
+CREATE POLICY p3_with_all ON document FOR ALL
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'))
+  WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Fails, since ALL WCO is enforced in insert path:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (80, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33;
+-- Fails, since ALL policy USING qual is enforced (existing, target tuple is in
+-- violation, since it has the "manga" cid):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (4, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle;
+-- Fails, since ALL WCO are enforced:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (1, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+    ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dauthor = 'regress_rls_carol';
+
+--
+-- MERGE
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP POLICY p3_with_all ON document;
+
+ALTER TABLE document ADD COLUMN dnotes text DEFAULT '';
+-- all documents are readable
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT USING (true);
+-- one may insert documents only authored by them
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON document FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+-- one may only update documents in 'novel' category and new dlevel must be > 0
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON document FOR UPDATE
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'))
+  WITH CHECK (dlevel > 0);
+-- one may only delete documents in 'manga' category
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON document FOR DELETE
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'manga'));
+
+SELECT * FROM document;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Fails, since update violates WITH CHECK qual on dlevel
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge1 ', dlevel = 0;
+
+-- Should be OK since USING and WITH CHECK quals pass
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge2 ';
+
+-- Even when dlevel is updated explicitly, but to the existing value
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge3 ', dlevel = 1;
+
+-- There is a MATCH for did = 3, but UPDATE's USING qual does not allow
+-- updating an item in category 'science fiction'
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 3 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge ';
+
+-- The same thing with DELETE action, but fails again because no permissions
+-- to delete items in 'science fiction' category that did 3 belongs to.
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 3 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+
+-- Document with did 4 belongs to 'manga' category which is allowed for
+-- deletion. But this fails because the UPDATE action is matched first and
+-- UPDATE policy does not allow updation in the category.
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes = '' THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+
+-- UPDATE action is not matched this time because of the WHEN qual.
+-- DELETE still fails because role regress_rls_bob does not have SELECT
+-- privileges on 'manga' category row in the category table.
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+
+-- OK if DELETE is replaced with DO NOTHING
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DO NOTHING;
+
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 4;
+
+-- Switch to regress_rls_carol role and try the DELETE again. It should succeed
+-- this time
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE;
+
+-- Switch back to regress_rls_bob role
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Try INSERT action. This fails because we are trying to insert
+-- dauthor = regress_rls_dave and INSERT's WITH CHECK does not allow
+-- that
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 12 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'another novel');
+
+-- This should be fine
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 12 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
+
+-- ok
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge4 '
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
+
+-- drop and create a new SELECT policy which prevents us from reading
+-- any document except with category 'novel'
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT
+  USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'));
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- MERGE can no longer see the matching row and hence attempts the
+-- NOT MATCHED action, which results in unique key violation
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 7 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge5 '
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
+
+-- UPDATE action fails if new row is not visible
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge6 ',
+			   cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology');
+
+-- but OK if new row is visible
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge7 ',
+			   cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel');
+
+-- OK to insert a new row that is not visible
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 13 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+	UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge8 '
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+	INSERT VALUES (13, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'new manga');
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+-- drop the restrictive SELECT policy so that we can look at the
+-- final state of the table
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+-- Just check everything went per plan
+SELECT * FROM document;
+
+--
+-- ROLE/GROUP
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE z1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE z2 (a int, b text);
+
+GRANT SELECT ON z1,z2 TO regress_rls_group1, regress_rls_group2,
+    regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_carol;
+
+INSERT INTO z1 VALUES
+    (1, 'aba'),
+    (2, 'bbb'),
+    (3, 'ccc'),
+    (4, 'dad');
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON z1 TO regress_rls_group1 USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON z1 TO regress_rls_group2 USING (a % 2 = 1);
+
+ALTER TABLE z1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+PREPARE plancache_test AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+
+PREPARE plancache_test2 AS WITH q AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM q,z2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+
+PREPARE plancache_test3 AS WITH q AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM z2) SELECT * FROM q,z1 WHERE f_leak(z1.b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+
+SET ROLE regress_rls_group1;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+
+SET ROLE regress_rls_group2;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+
+--
+-- Views should follow policy for view owner.
+--
+-- View and Table owner are the same.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of view or table.  Should return all records.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Query as view/table owner.  Should return all records.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+
+-- View and Table owners are different.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_alice;
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of view but is owner of table.
+-- Should return records based on view owner policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view.
+-- Should return records based on view owner policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Policy requiring access to another table.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE z1_blacklist (a int);
+INSERT INTO z1_blacklist VALUES (3), (4);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON z1 AS RESTRICTIVE USING (a NOT IN (SELECT a FROM z1_blacklist));
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON z1_blacklist TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+REVOKE SELECT ON z1_blacklist FROM regress_rls_bob;
+DROP POLICY p3 ON z1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+
+--
+-- Security invoker views should follow policy for current user.
+--
+-- View and table owner are the same.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view WITH (security_invoker) AS
+    SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+-- Query as table owner.  Should return all records.
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Queries as other users.
+-- Should return records based on current user's policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- View and table owners are different.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view WITH (security_invoker) AS
+    SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+-- Query as table owner.  Should return all records.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Queries as other users.
+-- Should return records based on current user's policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Policy requiring access to another table.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON z1 AS RESTRICTIVE USING (a NOT IN (SELECT a FROM z1_blacklist));
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON z1_blacklist TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON z1_blacklist TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+
+--
+-- Command specific
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+
+CREATE TABLE x1 (a int, b text, c text);
+GRANT ALL ON x1 TO PUBLIC;
+
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+    (1, 'abc', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (2, 'bcd', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (3, 'cde', 'regress_rls_carol'),
+    (4, 'def', 'regress_rls_carol'),
+    (5, 'efg', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (6, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (7, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_carol'),
+    (8, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_carol');
+
+CREATE POLICY p0 ON x1 FOR ALL USING (c = current_user);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON x1 FOR SELECT USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON x1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (a % 2 = 1);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON x1 FOR UPDATE USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON x1 FOR DELETE USING (a < 8);
+
+ALTER TABLE x1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) ORDER BY a ASC;
+UPDATE x1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) ORDER BY a ASC;
+UPDATE x1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+DELETE FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+
+--
+-- Duplicate Policy Names
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE y1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE y2 (a int, b text);
+
+GRANT ALL ON y1, y2 TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON y1 FOR ALL USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON y1 FOR SELECT USING (a > 2);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON y1 FOR SELECT USING (a % 2 = 1);  --fail
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON y2 FOR ALL USING (a % 2 = 0);  --OK
+
+ALTER TABLE y1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE y2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+--
+-- Expression structure with SBV
+--
+-- Create view as table owner.  RLS should NOT be applied.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE VIEW rls_sbv WITH (security_barrier) AS
+    SELECT * FROM y1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_sbv WHERE (a = 1);
+DROP VIEW rls_sbv;
+
+-- Create view as role that does not own table.  RLS should be applied.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rls_sbv WITH (security_barrier) AS
+    SELECT * FROM y1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_sbv WHERE (a = 1);
+DROP VIEW rls_sbv;
+
+--
+-- Expression structure
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+INSERT INTO y2 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,20) x);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON y2 USING (a % 3 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON y2 USING (a % 4 = 0);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+--
+-- Qual push-down of leaky functions, when not referring to table
+--
+SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak('abc');
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak('abc');
+
+CREATE TABLE test_qual_pushdown (
+    abc text
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_qual_pushdown VALUES ('abc'),('def');
+
+SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(abc);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(abc);
+
+SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+DROP TABLE test_qual_pushdown;
+
+--
+-- Plancache invalidate on user change.
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DROP TABLE t1 CASCADE;
+
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a integer);
+
+GRANT SELECT ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_carol;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob USING ((a % 2) = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON t1 TO regress_rls_carol USING ((a % 4) = 0);
+
+ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Prepare as regress_rls_bob
+SET ROLE regress_rls_bob;
+PREPARE role_inval AS SELECT * FROM t1;
+-- Check plan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval;
+
+-- Change to regress_rls_carol
+SET ROLE regress_rls_carol;
+-- Check plan- should be different
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval;
+
+-- Change back to regress_rls_bob
+SET ROLE regress_rls_bob;
+-- Check plan- should be back to original
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval;
+
+--
+-- CTE and RLS
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE t1 CASCADE;
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a integer, b text);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 USING (a % 2 = 0);
+
+ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+GRANT ALL ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+INSERT INTO t1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,20) x);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+WITH cte1 AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM cte1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+WITH cte1 AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM cte1;
+
+WITH cte1 AS (UPDATE t1 SET a = a + 1 RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --fail
+WITH cte1 AS (UPDATE t1 SET a = a RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --ok
+
+WITH cte1 AS (INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (21, 'Fail') RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --fail
+WITH cte1 AS (INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (20, 'Success') RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --ok
+
+--
+-- Rename Policy
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON t1 RENAME TO p1; --fail
+
+SELECT polname, relname
+    FROM pg_policy pol
+    JOIN pg_class pc ON (pc.oid = pol.polrelid)
+    WHERE relname = 't1';
+
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON t1 RENAME TO p2; --ok
+
+SELECT polname, relname
+    FROM pg_policy pol
+    JOIN pg_class pc ON (pc.oid = pol.polrelid)
+    WHERE relname = 't1';
+
+--
+-- Check INSERT SELECT
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE TABLE t2 (a integer, b text);
+INSERT INTO t2 (SELECT * FROM t1);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) INSERT INTO t2 (SELECT * FROM t1);
+SELECT * FROM t2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t2;
+CREATE TABLE t3 AS SELECT * FROM t1;
+SELECT * FROM t3;
+SELECT * INTO t4 FROM t1;
+SELECT * FROM t4;
+
+--
+-- RLS with JOIN
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE blog (id integer, author text, post text);
+CREATE TABLE comment (blog_id integer, message text);
+
+GRANT ALL ON blog, comment TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+CREATE POLICY blog_1 ON blog USING (id % 2 = 0);
+
+ALTER TABLE blog ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+INSERT INTO blog VALUES
+    (1, 'alice', 'blog #1'),
+    (2, 'bob', 'blog #1'),
+    (3, 'alice', 'blog #2'),
+    (4, 'alice', 'blog #3'),
+    (5, 'john', 'blog #1');
+
+INSERT INTO comment VALUES
+    (1, 'cool blog'),
+    (1, 'fun blog'),
+    (3, 'crazy blog'),
+    (5, 'what?'),
+    (4, 'insane!'),
+    (2, 'who did it?');
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Check RLS JOIN with Non-RLS.
+SELECT id, author, message FROM blog JOIN comment ON id = blog_id;
+-- Check Non-RLS JOIN with RLS.
+SELECT id, author, message FROM comment JOIN blog ON id = blog_id;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY comment_1 ON comment USING (blog_id < 4);
+
+ALTER TABLE comment ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Check RLS JOIN RLS
+SELECT id, author, message FROM blog JOIN comment ON id = blog_id;
+SELECT id, author, message FROM comment JOIN blog ON id = blog_id;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP TABLE blog, comment;
+
+--
+-- Default Deny Policy
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP POLICY p2 ON t1;
+ALTER TABLE t1 OWNER TO regress_rls_alice;
+
+-- Check that default deny does not apply to superuser.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+-- Check that default deny does not apply to table owner.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+-- Check that default deny applies to non-owner/non-superuser when RLS on.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+--
+-- COPY TO/FROM
+--
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE copy_t CASCADE;
+CREATE TABLE copy_t (a integer, b text);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON copy_t USING (a % 2 = 0);
+
+ALTER TABLE copy_t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+GRANT ALL ON copy_t TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_exempt_user;
+
+INSERT INTO copy_t (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,10) x);
+
+-- Check COPY TO as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user without permissions. SET row_security TO OFF;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+
+-- Check COPY relation TO; keep it just one row to avoid reordering issues
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+CREATE TABLE copy_rel_to (a integer, b text);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON copy_rel_to USING (a % 2 = 0);
+
+ALTER TABLE copy_rel_to ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+GRANT ALL ON copy_rel_to TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_exempt_user;
+
+INSERT INTO copy_rel_to VALUES (1, md5('1'));
+
+-- Check COPY TO as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user without permissions. SET row_security TO OFF;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+
+-- Check behavior with a child table.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+CREATE TABLE copy_rel_to_child () INHERITS (copy_rel_to);
+INSERT INTO copy_rel_to_child VALUES (1, 'one'), (2, 'two');
+
+-- Check COPY TO as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user without permissions. SET row_security TO OFF;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+
+-- Check COPY FROM as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok
+1	abc
+2	bcd
+3	cde
+4	def
+\.
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok
+1	abc
+2	bcd
+3	cde
+4	def
+\.
+
+-- Check COPY FROM as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - would be affected by RLS.
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - COPY FROM not supported by RLS.
+
+-- Check COPY FROM as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok
+1	abc
+2	bcd
+3	cde
+4	def
+\.
+
+-- Check COPY FROM as user without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - permission denied.
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - permission denied.
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE copy_t;
+DROP TABLE copy_rel_to CASCADE;
+
+-- Check WHERE CURRENT OF
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+
+CREATE TABLE current_check (currentid int, payload text, rlsuser text);
+GRANT ALL ON current_check TO PUBLIC;
+
+INSERT INTO current_check VALUES
+    (1, 'abc', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (2, 'bcd', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (3, 'cde', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+    (4, 'def', 'regress_rls_bob');
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON current_check FOR SELECT USING (currentid % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON current_check FOR DELETE USING (currentid = 4 AND rlsuser = current_user);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON current_check FOR UPDATE USING (currentid = 4) WITH CHECK (rlsuser = current_user);
+
+ALTER TABLE current_check ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Can SELECT even rows
+SELECT * FROM current_check;
+
+-- Cannot UPDATE row 2
+UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE currentid = 2 RETURNING *;
+
+BEGIN;
+
+DECLARE current_check_cursor SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM current_check;
+-- Returns rows that can be seen according to SELECT policy, like plain SELECT
+-- above (even rows)
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+-- Still cannot UPDATE row 2 through cursor
+UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+-- Can update row 4 through cursor, which is the next visible row
+FETCH RELATIVE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM current_check;
+-- Plan should be a subquery TID scan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor;
+-- Similarly can only delete row 4
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+FETCH RELATIVE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM current_check;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+--
+-- check pg_stats view filtering
+--
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ANALYZE current_check;
+-- Stats visible
+SELECT row_security_active('current_check');
+SELECT attname, most_common_vals FROM pg_stats
+  WHERE tablename = 'current_check'
+  ORDER BY 1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Stats not visible
+SELECT row_security_active('current_check');
+SELECT attname, most_common_vals FROM pg_stats
+  WHERE tablename = 'current_check'
+  ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- Collation support
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE coll_t (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text);
+CREATE POLICY coll_p ON coll_t USING (c < ('foo'::text COLLATE "C"));
+ALTER TABLE coll_t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT SELECT ON coll_t TO regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT (string_to_array(polqual, ':'))[7] AS inputcollid FROM pg_policy WHERE polrelid = 'coll_t'::regclass;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM coll_t;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--
+-- Shared Object Dependencies
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_eve;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_frank;
+CREATE TABLE tbl1 (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text);
+GRANT SELECT ON TABLE tbl1 TO regress_rls_eve;
+CREATE POLICY P ON tbl1 TO regress_rls_eve, regress_rls_frank USING (true);
+SELECT refclassid::regclass, deptype
+  FROM pg_depend
+  WHERE classid = 'pg_policy'::regclass
+  AND refobjid = 'tbl1'::regclass;
+SELECT refclassid::regclass, deptype
+  FROM pg_shdepend
+  WHERE classid = 'pg_policy'::regclass
+  AND refobjid IN ('regress_rls_eve'::regrole, 'regress_rls_frank'::regrole);
+
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --fails due to dependency on POLICY p
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+ALTER POLICY p ON tbl1 TO regress_rls_frank USING (true);
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --fails due to dependency on GRANT SELECT
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+REVOKE ALL ON TABLE tbl1 FROM regress_rls_eve;
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --succeeds
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_frank; --fails due to dependency on POLICY p
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+DROP POLICY p ON tbl1;
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_frank; -- succeeds
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+ROLLBACK; -- cleanup
+
+--
+-- Converting table to view
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE t (c int);
+CREATE POLICY p ON t USING (c % 2 = 1);
+ALTER TABLE t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SAVEPOINT q;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD
+  SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- fails due to row-level security enabled
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+ALTER TABLE t DISABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SAVEPOINT q;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD
+  SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- fails due to policy p on t
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+DROP POLICY p ON t;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD
+  SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- succeeds
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--
+-- Policy expression handling
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE t (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text);
+CREATE POLICY p ON t USING (max(c)); -- fails: aggregate functions are not allowed in policy expressions
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--
+-- Non-target relations are only subject to SELECT policies
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+GRANT ALL ON r1, r2 TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (true);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 FOR SELECT USING (true);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON r2 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (false);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON r2 FOR UPDATE USING (false);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON r2 FOR DELETE USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM r1;
+SELECT * FROM r2;
+
+-- r2 is read-only
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (2); -- Not allowed
+UPDATE r2 SET a = 2 RETURNING *; -- Updates nothing
+DELETE FROM r2 RETURNING *; -- Deletes nothing
+
+-- r2 can be used as a non-target relation in DML
+INSERT INTO r1 SELECT a + 1 FROM r2 RETURNING *; -- OK
+UPDATE r1 SET a = r2.a + 2 FROM r2 WHERE r1.a = r2.a RETURNING *; -- OK
+DELETE FROM r1 USING r2 WHERE r1.a = r2.a + 2 RETURNING *; -- OK
+SELECT * FROM r1;
+SELECT * FROM r2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+DROP TABLE r2;
+
+--
+-- FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY applies RLS to owners too
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- No error, but no rows
+TABLE r1;
+
+-- RLS error
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (1);
+
+-- No error (unable to see any rows to update)
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 1;
+TABLE r1;
+
+-- No error (unable to see any rows to delete)
+DELETE FROM r1;
+TABLE r1;
+
+SET row_security = off;
+-- these all fail, would be affected by RLS
+TABLE r1;
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 1;
+DELETE FROM r1;
+
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+--
+-- FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY does not break RI
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+-- Create policies on r2 which prevent the
+-- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should
+-- still see them.
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Errors due to rows in r2
+DELETE FROM r1;
+
+-- Reset r2 to no-RLS
+DROP POLICY p1 ON r2;
+ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 DISABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- clean out r2 for INSERT test below
+DELETE FROM r2;
+
+-- Change r1 to not allow rows to be seen
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- No rows seen
+TABLE r1;
+
+-- No error, RI still sees that row exists in r1
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10);
+
+DROP TABLE r2;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+-- Ensure cascaded DELETE works
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1 ON DELETE CASCADE);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+-- Create policies on r2 which prevent the
+-- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should
+-- still see them.
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Deletes all records from both
+DELETE FROM r1;
+
+-- Remove FORCE from r2
+ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- As owner, we now bypass RLS
+-- verify no rows in r2 now
+TABLE r2;
+
+DROP TABLE r2;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+-- Ensure cascaded UPDATE works
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1 ON UPDATE CASCADE);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+-- Create policies on r2 which prevent the
+-- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should
+-- still see them.
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Updates records in both
+UPDATE r1 SET a = a+5;
+
+-- Remove FORCE from r2
+ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- As owner, we now bypass RLS
+-- verify records in r2 updated
+TABLE r2;
+
+DROP TABLE r2;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+--
+-- Test INSERT+RETURNING applies SELECT policies as
+-- WithCheckOptions (meaning an error is thrown)
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int);
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 FOR SELECT USING (false);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON r1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (true);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Works fine
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+-- No error, but no rows
+TABLE r1;
+
+SET row_security = off;
+-- fail, would be affected by RLS
+TABLE r1;
+
+SET row_security = on;
+
+-- Error
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20) RETURNING *;
+
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+--
+-- Test UPDATE+RETURNING applies SELECT policies as
+-- WithCheckOptions (meaning an error is thrown)
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 FOR SELECT USING (a < 20);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON r1 FOR UPDATE USING (a < 20) WITH CHECK (true);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON r1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (true);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Works fine
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 30;
+
+-- Show updated rows
+ALTER TABLE r1 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+TABLE r1;
+-- reset value in r1 for test with RETURNING
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 10;
+
+-- Verify row reset
+TABLE r1;
+
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Error
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 30 RETURNING *;
+
+-- UPDATE path of INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE should also error out
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10)
+    ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE SET a = 30 RETURNING *;
+
+-- Should still error out without RETURNING (use of arbiter always requires
+-- SELECT permissions)
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10)
+    ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE SET a = 30;
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10)
+    ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT r1_pkey DO UPDATE SET a = 30;
+
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+-- Check dependency handling
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE TABLE dep1 (c1 int);
+CREATE TABLE dep2 (c1 int);
+
+CREATE POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 TO regress_rls_bob USING (c1 > (select max(dep2.c1) from dep2));
+ALTER POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 TO regress_rls_bob,regress_rls_carol;
+
+-- Should return one
+SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_depend
+				   WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+					 AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'dep2');
+
+ALTER POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 USING (true);
+
+-- Should return one
+SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_shdepend
+				   WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+					 AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_rls_bob');
+
+-- Should return one
+SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_shdepend
+				   WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+					 AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_rls_carol');
+
+-- Should return zero
+SELECT count(*) = 0 FROM pg_depend
+				   WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+					 AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'dep2');
+
+-- DROP OWNED BY testing
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_dob_role1;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_dob_role2;
+
+CREATE TABLE dob_t1 (c1 int);
+CREATE TABLE dob_t2 (c1 int) PARTITION BY RANGE (c1);
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should fail, already gone
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should succeed
+
+-- same cases with duplicate polroles entries
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role1 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should fail, already gone
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should succeed
+
+-- partitioned target
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t2 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t2; -- should succeed
+
+DROP USER regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP USER regress_rls_dob_role2;
+
+-- Bug #15708: view + table with RLS should check policies as view owner
+CREATE TABLE ref_tbl (a int);
+INSERT INTO ref_tbl VALUES (1);
+
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int);
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl VALUES (10);
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM ref_tbl));
+
+GRANT SELECT ON ref_tbl TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_tbl TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM rls_tbl;
+ALTER VIEW rls_view OWNER TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_alice;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM ref_tbl; -- Permission denied
+SELECT * FROM rls_tbl; -- Permission denied
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; -- OK
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+DROP TABLE rls_tbl;
+DROP TABLE ref_tbl;
+
+-- Leaky operator test
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int);
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl SELECT x/10 FROM generate_series(1, 100) x;
+ANALYZE rls_tbl;
+
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_tbl TO regress_rls_alice;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE FUNCTION op_leak(int, int) RETURNS bool
+    AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''op_leak => %, %'', $1, $2; RETURN $1 < $2; END'
+    LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE OPERATOR <<< (procedure = op_leak, leftarg = int, rightarg = int,
+                     restrict = scalarltsel);
+SELECT * FROM rls_tbl WHERE a <<< 1000;
+DROP OPERATOR <<< (int, int);
+DROP FUNCTION op_leak(int, int);
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE rls_tbl;
+
+-- Bug #16006: whole-row Vars in a policy don't play nice with sub-selects
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int, b int, c int);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (rls_tbl >= ROW(1,1,1));
+
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl SELECT 10, 20, 30;
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl
+  SELECT * FROM (SELECT b, c FROM rls_tbl ORDER BY a) ss;
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl
+  SELECT * FROM (SELECT b, c FROM rls_tbl ORDER BY a) ss;
+SELECT * FROM rls_tbl;
+
+DROP TABLE rls_tbl;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+-- CVE-2023-2455: inlining an SRF may introduce an RLS dependency
+create table rls_t (c text);
+insert into rls_t values ('invisible to bob');
+alter table rls_t enable row level security;
+grant select on rls_t to regress_rls_alice, regress_rls_bob;
+create policy p1 on rls_t for select to regress_rls_alice using (true);
+create policy p2 on rls_t for select to regress_rls_bob using (false);
+create function rls_f () returns setof rls_t
+  stable language sql
+  as $$ select * from rls_t $$;
+prepare q as select current_user, * from rls_f();
+set role regress_rls_alice;
+execute q;
+set role regress_rls_bob;
+execute q;
+
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP FUNCTION rls_f();
+DROP TABLE rls_t;
+
+--
+-- Clean up objects
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DROP SCHEMA regress_rls_schema CASCADE;
+
+DROP USER regress_rls_alice;
+DROP USER regress_rls_bob;
+DROP USER regress_rls_carol;
+DROP USER regress_rls_dave;
+DROP USER regress_rls_exempt_user;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_group1;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_group2;
+
+-- Arrange to have a few policies left over, for testing
+-- pg_dump/pg_restore
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_rls_schema;
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (c1 int);
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (c1 > 5);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON rls_tbl FOR SELECT USING (c1 <= 3);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON rls_tbl FOR UPDATE USING (c1 <= 3) WITH CHECK (c1 > 5);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON rls_tbl FOR DELETE USING (c1 <= 3);
+
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl_force (c1 int);
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl_force ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl_force FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl_force USING (c1 = 5) WITH CHECK (c1 < 5);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON rls_tbl_force FOR SELECT USING (c1 = 8);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON rls_tbl_force FOR UPDATE USING (c1 = 8) WITH CHECK (c1 >= 5);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON rls_tbl_force FOR DELETE USING (c1 = 8);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/rowtypes.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/rowtypes.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da2e74d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/rowtypes.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+--
+-- ROWTYPES
+--
+
+-- Make both a standalone composite type and a table rowtype
+
+create type complex as (r float8, i float8);
+
+create temp table fullname (first text, last text);
+
+-- Nested composite
+
+create type quad as (c1 complex, c2 complex);
+
+-- Some simple tests of I/O conversions and row construction
+
+select (1.1,2.2)::complex, row((3.3,4.4),(5.5,null))::quad;
+
+select row('Joe', 'Blow')::fullname, '(Joe,Blow)'::fullname;
+
+select '(Joe,von Blow)'::fullname, '(Joe,d''Blow)'::fullname;
+
+select '(Joe,"von""Blow")'::fullname, E'(Joe,d\\\\Blow)'::fullname;
+
+select '(Joe,"Blow,Jr")'::fullname;
+
+select '(Joe,)'::fullname;	-- ok, null 2nd column
+select '(Joe)'::fullname;	-- bad
+select '(Joe,,)'::fullname;	-- bad
+select '[]'::fullname;          -- bad
+select ' (Joe,Blow)  '::fullname;  -- ok, extra whitespace
+select '(Joe,Blow) /'::fullname;  -- bad
+
+create temp table quadtable(f1 int, q quad);
+
+insert into quadtable values (1, ((3.3,4.4),(5.5,6.6)));
+insert into quadtable values (2, ((null,4.4),(5.5,6.6)));
+
+select * from quadtable;
+
+select f1, q.c1 from quadtable;		-- fails, q is a table reference
+
+select f1, (q).c1, (qq.q).c1.i from quadtable qq;
+
+create temp table people (fn fullname, bd date);
+
+insert into people values ('(Joe,Blow)', '1984-01-10');
+
+select * from people;
+
+-- at the moment this will not work due to ALTER TABLE inadequacy:
+alter table fullname add column suffix text default '';
+
+-- but this should work:
+alter table fullname add column suffix text default null;
+
+select * from people;
+
+-- test insertion/updating of subfields
+update people set fn.suffix = 'Jr';
+
+select * from people;
+
+insert into quadtable (f1, q.c1.r, q.c2.i) values(44,55,66);
+
+update quadtable set q.c1.r = 12 where f1 = 2;
+
+update quadtable set q.c1 = 12;  -- error, type mismatch
+
+select * from quadtable;
+
+-- The object here is to ensure that toasted references inside
+-- composite values don't cause problems.  The large f1 value will
+-- be toasted inside pp, it must still work after being copied to people.
+
+create temp table pp (f1 text);
+insert into pp values (repeat('abcdefghijkl', 100000));
+
+insert into people select ('Jim', f1, null)::fullname, current_date from pp;
+
+select (fn).first, substr((fn).last, 1, 20), length((fn).last) from people;
+
+-- try an update on a toasted composite value, too
+update people set fn.first = 'Jack';
+
+select (fn).first, substr((fn).last, 1, 20), length((fn).last) from people;
+
+-- Test row comparison semantics.  Prior to PG 8.2 we did this in a totally
+-- non-spec-compliant way.
+
+select ROW(1,2) < ROW(1,3) as true;
+select ROW(1,2) < ROW(1,1) as false;
+select ROW(1,2) < ROW(1,NULL) as null;
+select ROW(1,2,3) < ROW(1,3,NULL) as true; -- the NULL is not examined
+select ROW(11,'ABC') < ROW(11,'DEF') as true;
+select ROW(11,'ABC') > ROW(11,'DEF') as false;
+select ROW(12,'ABC') > ROW(11,'DEF') as true;
+
+-- = and <> have different NULL-behavior than < etc
+select ROW(1,2,3) < ROW(1,NULL,4) as null;
+select ROW(1,2,3) = ROW(1,NULL,4) as false;
+select ROW(1,2,3) <> ROW(1,NULL,4) as true;
+
+-- We allow operators beyond the six standard ones, if they have btree
+-- operator classes.
+select ROW('ABC','DEF') ~<=~ ROW('DEF','ABC') as true;
+select ROW('ABC','DEF') ~>=~ ROW('DEF','ABC') as false;
+select ROW('ABC','DEF') ~~ ROW('DEF','ABC') as fail;
+
+-- Comparisons of ROW() expressions can cope with some type mismatches
+select ROW(1,2) = ROW(1,2::int8);
+select ROW(1,2) in (ROW(3,4), ROW(1,2));
+select ROW(1,2) in (ROW(3,4), ROW(1,2::int8));
+
+-- Check row comparison with a subselect
+select unique1, unique2 from tenk1
+where (unique1, unique2) < any (select ten, ten from tenk1 where hundred < 3)
+      and unique1 <= 20
+order by 1;
+
+-- Also check row comparison with an indexable condition
+explain (costs off)
+select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+where (thousand, tenthous) >= (997, 5000)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+
+select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+where (thousand, tenthous) >= (997, 5000)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select thousand, tenthous, four from tenk1
+where (thousand, tenthous, four) > (998, 5000, 3)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+
+select thousand, tenthous, four from tenk1
+where (thousand, tenthous, four) > (998, 5000, 3)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+where (998, 5000) < (thousand, tenthous)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+
+select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+where (998, 5000) < (thousand, tenthous)
+order by thousand, tenthous;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select thousand, hundred from tenk1
+where (998, 5000) < (thousand, hundred)
+order by thousand, hundred;
+
+select thousand, hundred from tenk1
+where (998, 5000) < (thousand, hundred)
+order by thousand, hundred;
+
+-- Test case for bug #14010: indexed row comparisons fail with nulls
+create temp table test_table (a text, b text);
+insert into test_table values ('a', 'b');
+insert into test_table select 'a', null from generate_series(1,1000);
+insert into test_table values ('b', 'a');
+create index on test_table (a,b);
+set enable_sort = off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select a,b from test_table where (a,b) > ('a','a') order by a,b;
+
+select a,b from test_table where (a,b) > ('a','a') order by a,b;
+
+reset enable_sort;
+
+-- Check row comparisons with IN
+select * from int8_tbl i8 where i8 in (row(123,456));  -- fail, type mismatch
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl i8
+where i8 in (row(123,456)::int8_tbl, '(4567890123456789,123)');
+
+select * from int8_tbl i8
+where i8 in (row(123,456)::int8_tbl, '(4567890123456789,123)');
+
+-- Check ability to select columns from an anonymous rowtype
+select (row(1, 2.0)).f1;
+select (row(1, 2.0)).f2;
+select (row(1, 2.0)).nosuch;  -- fail
+select (row(1, 2.0)).*;
+select (r).f1 from (select row(1, 2.0) as r) ss;
+select (r).f3 from (select row(1, 2.0) as r) ss;  -- fail
+select (r).* from (select row(1, 2.0) as r) ss;
+
+-- Check some corner cases involving empty rowtypes
+select ROW();
+select ROW() IS NULL;
+select ROW() = ROW();
+
+-- Check ability to create arrays of anonymous rowtypes
+select array[ row(1,2), row(3,4), row(5,6) ];
+
+-- Check ability to compare an anonymous row to elements of an array
+select row(1,1.1) = any (array[ row(7,7.7), row(1,1.1), row(0,0.0) ]);
+select row(1,1.1) = any (array[ row(7,7.7), row(1,1.0), row(0,0.0) ]);
+
+-- Check behavior with a non-comparable rowtype
+create type cantcompare as (p point, r float8);
+create temp table cc (f1 cantcompare);
+insert into cc values('("(1,2)",3)');
+insert into cc values('("(4,5)",6)');
+select * from cc order by f1; -- fail, but should complain about cantcompare
+
+--
+-- Tests for record_{eq,cmp}
+--
+
+create type testtype1 as (a int, b int);
+
+-- all true
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 < row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 <= row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 = row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 <> row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, 3)::testtype1 >= row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+select row(1, 3)::testtype1 > row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+
+-- all false
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 < row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 <= row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 = row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 <> row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+select row(1, -3)::testtype1 >= row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+select row(1, -3)::testtype1 > row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+
+-- true, but see *< below
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 < row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+
+-- mismatches
+create type testtype3 as (a int, b text);
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 < row(1, 'abc')::testtype3;
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 <> row(1, 'abc')::testtype3;
+create type testtype5 as (a int);
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 < row(1)::testtype5;
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 <> row(1)::testtype5;
+
+-- non-comparable types
+create type testtype6 as (a int, b point);
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype6 < row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype6;
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype6 <> row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype6;
+
+drop type testtype1, testtype3, testtype5, testtype6;
+
+--
+-- Tests for record_image_{eq,cmp}
+--
+
+create type testtype1 as (a int, b int);
+
+-- all true
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *< row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *<= row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *= row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *<> row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, 3)::testtype1 *>= row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+select row(1, 3)::testtype1 *> row(1, 2)::testtype1;
+
+-- all false
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 *< row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 *<= row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 *= row(1, -3)::testtype1;
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 *<> row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+select row(1, -3)::testtype1 *>= row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+select row(1, -3)::testtype1 *> row(1, -2)::testtype1;
+
+-- This returns the "wrong" order because record_image_cmp works on
+-- unsigned datums without knowing about the actual data type.
+select row(1, -2)::testtype1 *< row(1, 3)::testtype1;
+
+-- other types
+create type testtype2 as (a smallint, b bool);  -- byval different sizes
+select row(1, true)::testtype2 *< row(2, true)::testtype2;
+select row(-2, true)::testtype2 *< row(-1, true)::testtype2;
+select row(0, false)::testtype2 *< row(0, true)::testtype2;
+select row(0, false)::testtype2 *<> row(0, true)::testtype2;
+
+create type testtype3 as (a int, b text);  -- variable length
+select row(1, 'abc')::testtype3 *< row(1, 'abd')::testtype3;
+select row(1, 'abc')::testtype3 *< row(1, 'abcd')::testtype3;
+select row(1, 'abc')::testtype3 *> row(1, 'abd')::testtype3;
+select row(1, 'abc')::testtype3 *<> row(1, 'abd')::testtype3;
+
+create type testtype4 as (a int, b point);  -- by ref, fixed length
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype4 *< row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype4;
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype4 *<> row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype4;
+
+-- mismatches
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *< row(1, 'abc')::testtype3;
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *<> row(1, 'abc')::testtype3;
+create type testtype5 as (a int);
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *< row(1)::testtype5;
+select row(1, 2)::testtype1 *<> row(1)::testtype5;
+
+-- non-comparable types
+create type testtype6 as (a int, b point);
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype6 *< row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype6;
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype6 *>= row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype6;
+select row(1, '(1,2)')::testtype6 *<> row(1, '(1,3)')::testtype6;
+
+-- anonymous rowtypes in coldeflists
+select q.a, q.b = row(2), q.c = array[row(3)], q.d = row(row(4)) from
+    unnest(array[row(1, row(2), array[row(3)], row(row(4))),
+                 row(2, row(3), array[row(4)], row(row(5)))])
+      as q(a int, b record, c record[], d record);
+
+drop type testtype1, testtype2, testtype3, testtype4, testtype5, testtype6;
+
+
+--
+-- Test case derived from bug #5716: check multiple uses of a rowtype result
+--
+
+BEGIN;
+
+CREATE TABLE price (
+    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    active BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+    price NUMERIC
+);
+
+CREATE TYPE price_input AS (
+    id INTEGER,
+    price NUMERIC
+);
+
+CREATE TYPE price_key AS (
+    id INTEGER
+);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION price_key_from_table(price) RETURNS price_key AS $$
+    SELECT $1.id
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION price_key_from_input(price_input) RETURNS price_key AS $$
+    SELECT $1.id
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+insert into price values (1,false,42), (10,false,100), (11,true,17.99);
+
+UPDATE price
+    SET active = true, price = input_prices.price
+    FROM unnest(ARRAY[(10, 123.00), (11, 99.99)]::price_input[]) input_prices
+    WHERE price_key_from_table(price.*) = price_key_from_input(input_prices.*);
+
+select * from price;
+
+rollback;
+
+--
+-- Test case derived from bug #9085: check * qualification of composite
+-- parameters for SQL functions
+--
+
+create temp table compos (f1 int, f2 text);
+
+create function fcompos1(v compos) returns void as $$
+insert into compos values (v);  -- fail
+$$ language sql;
+
+create function fcompos1(v compos) returns void as $$
+insert into compos values (v.*);
+$$ language sql;
+
+create function fcompos2(v compos) returns void as $$
+select fcompos1(v);
+$$ language sql;
+
+create function fcompos3(v compos) returns void as $$
+select fcompos1(fcompos3.v.*);
+$$ language sql;
+
+select fcompos1(row(1,'one'));
+select fcompos2(row(2,'two'));
+select fcompos3(row(3,'three'));
+select * from compos;
+
+--
+-- We allow I/O conversion casts from composite types to strings to be
+-- invoked via cast syntax, but not functional syntax.  This is because
+-- the latter is too prone to be invoked unintentionally.
+--
+select cast (fullname as text) from fullname;
+select fullname::text from fullname;
+select text(fullname) from fullname;  -- error
+select fullname.text from fullname;  -- error
+-- same, but RECORD instead of named composite type:
+select cast (row('Jim', 'Beam') as text);
+select (row('Jim', 'Beam'))::text;
+select text(row('Jim', 'Beam'));  -- error
+select (row('Jim', 'Beam')).text;  -- error
+
+--
+-- Check the equivalence of functional and column notation
+--
+insert into fullname values ('Joe', 'Blow');
+
+select f.last from fullname f;
+select last(f) from fullname f;
+
+create function longname(fullname) returns text language sql
+as $$select $1.first || ' ' || $1.last$$;
+
+select f.longname from fullname f;
+select longname(f) from fullname f;
+
+-- Starting in v11, the notational form does matter if there's ambiguity
+alter table fullname add column longname text;
+
+select f.longname from fullname f;
+select longname(f) from fullname f;
+
+--
+-- Test that composite values are seen to have the correct column names
+-- (bug #11210 and other reports)
+--
+
+select row_to_json(i) from int8_tbl i;
+-- since "i" is of type "int8_tbl", attaching aliases doesn't change anything:
+select row_to_json(i) from int8_tbl i(x,y);
+
+-- in these examples, we'll report the exposed column names of the subselect:
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1, q2 from int8_tbl) as ss;
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1, q2 from int8_tbl offset 0) as ss;
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1 as a, q2 as b from int8_tbl) as ss;
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1 as a, q2 as b from int8_tbl offset 0) as ss;
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1 as a, q2 as b from int8_tbl) as ss(x,y);
+select row_to_json(ss) from
+  (select q1 as a, q2 as b from int8_tbl offset 0) as ss(x,y);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select row_to_json(q) from
+  (select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+   where thousand = 42 and tenthous < 2000 offset 0) q;
+select row_to_json(q) from
+  (select thousand, tenthous from tenk1
+   where thousand = 42 and tenthous < 2000 offset 0) q;
+select row_to_json(q) from
+  (select thousand as x, tenthous as y from tenk1
+   where thousand = 42 and tenthous < 2000 offset 0) q;
+select row_to_json(q) from
+  (select thousand as x, tenthous as y from tenk1
+   where thousand = 42 and tenthous < 2000 offset 0) q(a,b);
+
+create temp table tt1 as select * from int8_tbl limit 2;
+create temp table tt2 () inherits(tt1);
+insert into tt2 values(0,0);
+select row_to_json(r) from (select q2,q1 from tt1 offset 0) r;
+
+-- check no-op rowtype conversions
+create temp table tt3 () inherits(tt2);
+insert into tt3 values(33,44);
+select row_to_json(tt3::tt2::tt1) from tt3;
+
+--
+-- IS [NOT] NULL should not recurse into nested composites (bug #14235)
+--
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select r, r is null as isnull, r is not null as isnotnull
+from (values (1,row(1,2)), (1,row(null,null)), (1,null),
+             (null,row(1,2)), (null,row(null,null)), (null,null) ) r(a,b);
+
+select r, r is null as isnull, r is not null as isnotnull
+from (values (1,row(1,2)), (1,row(null,null)), (1,null),
+             (null,row(1,2)), (null,row(null,null)), (null,null) ) r(a,b);
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with r(a,b) as materialized
+  (values (1,row(1,2)), (1,row(null,null)), (1,null),
+          (null,row(1,2)), (null,row(null,null)), (null,null) )
+select r, r is null as isnull, r is not null as isnotnull from r;
+
+with r(a,b) as materialized
+  (values (1,row(1,2)), (1,row(null,null)), (1,null),
+          (null,row(1,2)), (null,row(null,null)), (null,null) )
+select r, r is null as isnull, r is not null as isnotnull from r;
+
+--
+-- Check parsing of indirect references to composite values (bug #18077)
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with cte(c) as materialized (select row(1, 2)),
+     cte2(c) as (select * from cte)
+select * from cte2 as t
+where (select * from (select c as c1) s
+       where (select (c1).f1 > 0)) is not null;
+
+with cte(c) as materialized (select row(1, 2)),
+     cte2(c) as (select * from cte)
+select * from cte2 as t
+where (select * from (select c as c1) s
+       where (select (c1).f1 > 0)) is not null;
+
+-- Also check deparsing of such cases
+create view composite_v as
+with cte(c) as materialized (select row(1, 2)),
+     cte2(c) as (select * from cte)
+select 1 as one from cte2 as t
+where (select * from (select c as c1) s
+       where (select (c1).f1 > 0)) is not null;
+select pg_get_viewdef('composite_v', true);
+drop view composite_v;
+
+--
+-- Tests for component access / FieldSelect
+--
+CREATE TABLE compositetable(a text, b text);
+INSERT INTO compositetable(a, b) VALUES('fa', 'fb');
+
+-- composite type columns can't directly be accessed (error)
+SELECT d.a FROM (SELECT compositetable AS d FROM compositetable) s;
+-- but can be accessed with proper parens
+SELECT (d).a, (d).b FROM (SELECT compositetable AS d FROM compositetable) s;
+-- system columns can't be accessed in composite types (error)
+SELECT (d).ctid FROM (SELECT compositetable AS d FROM compositetable) s;
+
+-- accessing non-existing column in NULL datum errors out
+SELECT (NULL::compositetable).nonexistent;
+-- existing column in a NULL composite yield NULL
+SELECT (NULL::compositetable).a;
+-- oids can't be accessed in composite types (error)
+SELECT (NULL::compositetable).oid;
+
+DROP TABLE compositetable;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/rules.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/rules.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7ac640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/rules.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1400 @@
+--
+-- RULES
+-- From Jan's original setup_ruletest.sql and run_ruletest.sql
+-- - thomas 1998-09-13
+--
+
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the view test
+--
+create table rtest_t1 (a int4, b int4);
+create table rtest_t2 (a int4, b int4);
+create table rtest_t3 (a int4, b int4);
+
+create view rtest_v1 as select * from rtest_t1;
+create rule rtest_v1_ins as on insert to rtest_v1 do instead
+	insert into rtest_t1 values (new.a, new.b);
+create rule rtest_v1_upd as on update to rtest_v1 do instead
+	update rtest_t1 set a = new.a, b = new.b
+	where a = old.a;
+create rule rtest_v1_del as on delete to rtest_v1 do instead
+	delete from rtest_t1 where a = old.a;
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON RULE rtest_v1_bad ON rtest_v1 IS 'bad rule';
+COMMENT ON RULE rtest_v1_del ON rtest_v1 IS 'delete rule';
+COMMENT ON RULE rtest_v1_del ON rtest_v1 IS NULL;
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the constraint update/delete test
+--
+-- Note:
+-- 	Now that we have multiple action rule support, we check
+-- 	both possible syntaxes to define them (The last action
+--  can but must not have a semicolon at the end).
+--
+create table rtest_system (sysname text, sysdesc text);
+create table rtest_interface (sysname text, ifname text);
+create table rtest_person (pname text, pdesc text);
+create table rtest_admin (pname text, sysname text);
+
+create rule rtest_sys_upd as on update to rtest_system do also (
+	update rtest_interface set sysname = new.sysname
+		where sysname = old.sysname;
+	update rtest_admin set sysname = new.sysname
+		where sysname = old.sysname
+	);
+
+create rule rtest_sys_del as on delete to rtest_system do also (
+	delete from rtest_interface where sysname = old.sysname;
+	delete from rtest_admin where sysname = old.sysname;
+	);
+
+create rule rtest_pers_upd as on update to rtest_person do also
+	update rtest_admin set pname = new.pname where pname = old.pname;
+
+create rule rtest_pers_del as on delete to rtest_person do also
+	delete from rtest_admin where pname = old.pname;
+
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the logging test
+--
+create table rtest_emp (ename char(20), salary money);
+create table rtest_emplog (ename char(20), who name, action char(10), newsal money, oldsal money);
+create table rtest_empmass (ename char(20), salary money);
+
+create rule rtest_emp_ins as on insert to rtest_emp do
+	insert into rtest_emplog values (new.ename, current_user,
+			'hired', new.salary, '0.00');
+
+create rule rtest_emp_upd as on update to rtest_emp where new.salary != old.salary do
+	insert into rtest_emplog values (new.ename, current_user,
+			'honored', new.salary, old.salary);
+
+create rule rtest_emp_del as on delete to rtest_emp do
+	insert into rtest_emplog values (old.ename, current_user,
+			'fired', '0.00', old.salary);
+
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the multiple cascaded qualified instead
+-- rule test
+--
+create table rtest_t4 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_t5 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_t6 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_t7 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_t8 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_t9 (a int4, b text);
+
+create rule rtest_t4_ins1 as on insert to rtest_t4
+		where new.a >= 10 and new.a < 20 do instead
+	insert into rtest_t5 values (new.a, new.b);
+
+create rule rtest_t4_ins2 as on insert to rtest_t4
+		where new.a >= 20 and new.a < 30 do
+	insert into rtest_t6 values (new.a, new.b);
+
+create rule rtest_t5_ins as on insert to rtest_t5
+		where new.a > 15 do
+	insert into rtest_t7 values (new.a, new.b);
+
+create rule rtest_t6_ins as on insert to rtest_t6
+		where new.a > 25 do instead
+	insert into rtest_t8 values (new.a, new.b);
+
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the rule fire order test
+--
+-- As of PG 7.3, the rules should fire in order by name, regardless
+-- of INSTEAD attributes or creation order.
+--
+create table rtest_order1 (a int4);
+create table rtest_order2 (a int4, b int4, c text);
+
+create sequence rtest_seq;
+
+create rule rtest_order_r3 as on insert to rtest_order1 do instead
+	insert into rtest_order2 values (new.a, nextval('rtest_seq'),
+		'rule 3 - this should run 3rd');
+
+create rule rtest_order_r4 as on insert to rtest_order1
+		where a < 100 do instead
+	insert into rtest_order2 values (new.a, nextval('rtest_seq'),
+		'rule 4 - this should run 4th');
+
+create rule rtest_order_r2 as on insert to rtest_order1 do
+	insert into rtest_order2 values (new.a, nextval('rtest_seq'),
+		'rule 2 - this should run 2nd');
+
+create rule rtest_order_r1 as on insert to rtest_order1 do instead
+	insert into rtest_order2 values (new.a, nextval('rtest_seq'),
+		'rule 1 - this should run 1st');
+
+--
+-- Tables and rules for the instead nothing test
+--
+create table rtest_nothn1 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_nothn2 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_nothn3 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_nothn4 (a int4, b text);
+
+create rule rtest_nothn_r1 as on insert to rtest_nothn1
+	where new.a >= 10 and new.a < 20 do instead nothing;
+
+create rule rtest_nothn_r2 as on insert to rtest_nothn1
+	where new.a >= 30 and new.a < 40 do instead nothing;
+
+create rule rtest_nothn_r3 as on insert to rtest_nothn2
+	where new.a >= 100 do instead
+	insert into rtest_nothn3 values (new.a, new.b);
+
+create rule rtest_nothn_r4 as on insert to rtest_nothn2
+	do instead nothing;
+
+--
+-- Tests on a view that is select * of a table
+-- and has insert/update/delete instead rules to
+-- behave close like the real table.
+--
+
+--
+-- We need test date later
+--
+insert into rtest_t2 values (1, 21);
+insert into rtest_t2 values (2, 22);
+insert into rtest_t2 values (3, 23);
+
+insert into rtest_t3 values (1, 31);
+insert into rtest_t3 values (2, 32);
+insert into rtest_t3 values (3, 33);
+insert into rtest_t3 values (4, 34);
+insert into rtest_t3 values (5, 35);
+
+-- insert values
+insert into rtest_v1 values (1, 11);
+insert into rtest_v1 values (2, 12);
+select * from rtest_v1;
+
+-- delete with constant expression
+delete from rtest_v1 where a = 1;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+insert into rtest_v1 values (1, 11);
+delete from rtest_v1 where b = 12;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+insert into rtest_v1 values (2, 12);
+insert into rtest_v1 values (2, 13);
+select * from rtest_v1;
+** Remember the delete rule on rtest_v1: It says
+** DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM rtest_t1 WHERE a = old.a
+** So this time both rows with a = 2 must get deleted
+\p
+\r
+delete from rtest_v1 where b = 12;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+delete from rtest_v1;
+
+-- insert select
+insert into rtest_v1 select * from rtest_t2;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+delete from rtest_v1;
+
+-- same with swapped targetlist
+insert into rtest_v1 (b, a) select b, a from rtest_t2;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+
+-- now with only one target attribute
+insert into rtest_v1 (a) select a from rtest_t3;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+select * from rtest_v1 where b isnull;
+
+-- let attribute a differ (must be done on rtest_t1 - see above)
+update rtest_t1 set a = a + 10 where b isnull;
+delete from rtest_v1 where b isnull;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+
+-- now updates with constant expression
+update rtest_v1 set b = 42 where a = 2;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+update rtest_v1 set b = 99 where b = 42;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+update rtest_v1 set b = 88 where b < 50;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+delete from rtest_v1;
+insert into rtest_v1 select rtest_t2.a, rtest_t3.b
+    from rtest_t2, rtest_t3
+    where rtest_t2.a = rtest_t3.a;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+
+-- updates in a mergejoin
+update rtest_v1 set b = rtest_t2.b from rtest_t2 where rtest_v1.a = rtest_t2.a;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+insert into rtest_v1 select * from rtest_t3;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+update rtest_t1 set a = a + 10 where b > 30;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+update rtest_v1 set a = rtest_t3.a + 20 from rtest_t3 where rtest_v1.b = rtest_t3.b;
+select * from rtest_v1;
+
+--
+-- Test for constraint updates/deletes
+--
+insert into rtest_system values ('orion', 'Linux Jan Wieck');
+insert into rtest_system values ('notjw', 'WinNT Jan Wieck (notebook)');
+insert into rtest_system values ('neptun', 'Fileserver');
+
+insert into rtest_interface values ('orion', 'eth0');
+insert into rtest_interface values ('orion', 'eth1');
+insert into rtest_interface values ('notjw', 'eth0');
+insert into rtest_interface values ('neptun', 'eth0');
+
+insert into rtest_person values ('jw', 'Jan Wieck');
+insert into rtest_person values ('bm', 'Bruce Momjian');
+
+insert into rtest_admin values ('jw', 'orion');
+insert into rtest_admin values ('jw', 'notjw');
+insert into rtest_admin values ('bm', 'neptun');
+
+update rtest_system set sysname = 'pluto' where sysname = 'neptun';
+
+select * from rtest_interface;
+select * from rtest_admin;
+
+update rtest_person set pname = 'jwieck' where pdesc = 'Jan Wieck';
+
+-- Note: use ORDER BY here to ensure consistent output across all systems.
+-- The above UPDATE affects two rows with equal keys, so they could be
+-- updated in either order depending on the whim of the local qsort().
+
+select * from rtest_admin order by pname, sysname;
+
+delete from rtest_system where sysname = 'orion';
+
+select * from rtest_interface;
+select * from rtest_admin;
+
+--
+-- Rule qualification test
+--
+insert into rtest_emp values ('wiecc', '5000.00');
+insert into rtest_emp values ('gates', '80000.00');
+update rtest_emp set ename = 'wiecx' where ename = 'wiecc';
+update rtest_emp set ename = 'wieck', salary = '6000.00' where ename = 'wiecx';
+update rtest_emp set salary = '7000.00' where ename = 'wieck';
+delete from rtest_emp where ename = 'gates';
+
+select ename, who = current_user as "matches user", action, newsal, oldsal from rtest_emplog order by ename, action, newsal;
+insert into rtest_empmass values ('meyer', '4000.00');
+insert into rtest_empmass values ('maier', '5000.00');
+insert into rtest_empmass values ('mayr', '6000.00');
+insert into rtest_emp select * from rtest_empmass;
+select ename, who = current_user as "matches user", action, newsal, oldsal from rtest_emplog order by ename, action, newsal;
+update rtest_empmass set salary = salary + '1000.00';
+update rtest_emp set salary = rtest_empmass.salary from rtest_empmass where rtest_emp.ename = rtest_empmass.ename;
+select ename, who = current_user as "matches user", action, newsal, oldsal from rtest_emplog order by ename, action, newsal;
+delete from rtest_emp using rtest_empmass where rtest_emp.ename = rtest_empmass.ename;
+select ename, who = current_user as "matches user", action, newsal, oldsal from rtest_emplog order by ename, action, newsal;
+
+--
+-- Multiple cascaded qualified instead rule test
+--
+insert into rtest_t4 values (1, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (2, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (10, 'Record should go to rtest_t5');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (15, 'Record should go to rtest_t5');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (19, 'Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (20, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t6');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (26, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (28, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (30, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t4 values (40, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+
+select * from rtest_t4;
+select * from rtest_t5;
+select * from rtest_t6;
+select * from rtest_t7;
+select * from rtest_t8;
+
+delete from rtest_t4;
+delete from rtest_t5;
+delete from rtest_t6;
+delete from rtest_t7;
+delete from rtest_t8;
+
+insert into rtest_t9 values (1, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (2, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (10, 'Record should go to rtest_t5');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (15, 'Record should go to rtest_t5');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (19, 'Record should go to rtest_t5 and t7');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (20, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t6');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (26, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (28, 'Record should go to rtest_t4 and t8');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (30, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+insert into rtest_t9 values (40, 'Record should go to rtest_t4');
+
+insert into rtest_t4 select * from rtest_t9 where a < 20;
+
+select * from rtest_t4;
+select * from rtest_t5;
+select * from rtest_t6;
+select * from rtest_t7;
+select * from rtest_t8;
+
+insert into rtest_t4 select * from rtest_t9 where b ~ 'and t8';
+
+select * from rtest_t4;
+select * from rtest_t5;
+select * from rtest_t6;
+select * from rtest_t7;
+select * from rtest_t8;
+
+insert into rtest_t4 select a + 1, b from rtest_t9 where a in (20, 30, 40);
+
+select * from rtest_t4;
+select * from rtest_t5;
+select * from rtest_t6;
+select * from rtest_t7;
+select * from rtest_t8;
+
+--
+-- Check that the ordering of rules fired is correct
+--
+insert into rtest_order1 values (1);
+select * from rtest_order2;
+
+--
+-- Check if instead nothing w/without qualification works
+--
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (1, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (2, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (10, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (19, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (20, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (29, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (30, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (39, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (40, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (50, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn1 values (60, 'want this');
+
+select * from rtest_nothn1;
+
+insert into rtest_nothn2 values (10, 'too small');
+insert into rtest_nothn2 values (50, 'too small');
+insert into rtest_nothn2 values (100, 'OK');
+insert into rtest_nothn2 values (200, 'OK');
+
+select * from rtest_nothn2;
+select * from rtest_nothn3;
+
+delete from rtest_nothn1;
+delete from rtest_nothn2;
+delete from rtest_nothn3;
+
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (1, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (2, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (10, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (19, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (20, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (29, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (30, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (39, 'don''t want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (40, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (50, 'want this');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (60, 'want this');
+
+insert into rtest_nothn1 select * from rtest_nothn4;
+
+select * from rtest_nothn1;
+
+delete from rtest_nothn4;
+
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (10, 'too small');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (50, 'too small');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (100, 'OK');
+insert into rtest_nothn4 values (200, 'OK');
+
+insert into rtest_nothn2 select * from rtest_nothn4;
+
+select * from rtest_nothn2;
+select * from rtest_nothn3;
+
+create table rtest_view1 (a int4, b text, v bool);
+create table rtest_view2 (a int4);
+create table rtest_view3 (a int4, b text);
+create table rtest_view4 (a int4, b text, c int4);
+create view rtest_vview1 as select a, b from rtest_view1 X
+	where 0 < (select count(*) from rtest_view2 Y where Y.a = X.a);
+create view rtest_vview2 as select a, b from rtest_view1 where v;
+create view rtest_vview3 as select a, b from rtest_vview2 X
+	where 0 < (select count(*) from rtest_view2 Y where Y.a = X.a);
+create view rtest_vview4 as select X.a, X.b, count(Y.a) as refcount
+	from rtest_view1 X, rtest_view2 Y
+	where X.a = Y.a
+	group by X.a, X.b;
+create function rtest_viewfunc1(int4) returns int4 as
+	'select count(*)::int4 from rtest_view2 where a = $1'
+	language sql;
+create view rtest_vview5 as select a, b, rtest_viewfunc1(a) as refcount
+	from rtest_view1;
+
+insert into rtest_view1 values (1, 'item 1', 't');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (2, 'item 2', 't');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (3, 'item 3', 't');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (4, 'item 4', 'f');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (5, 'item 5', 't');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (6, 'item 6', 'f');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (7, 'item 7', 't');
+insert into rtest_view1 values (8, 'item 8', 't');
+
+insert into rtest_view2 values (2);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (2);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (4);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (5);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (7);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (7);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (7);
+insert into rtest_view2 values (7);
+
+select * from rtest_vview1;
+select * from rtest_vview2;
+select * from rtest_vview3;
+select * from rtest_vview4 order by a, b;
+select * from rtest_vview5;
+
+insert into rtest_view3 select * from rtest_vview1 where a < 7;
+select * from rtest_view3;
+delete from rtest_view3;
+
+insert into rtest_view3 select * from rtest_vview2 where a != 5 and b !~ '2';
+select * from rtest_view3;
+delete from rtest_view3;
+
+insert into rtest_view3 select * from rtest_vview3;
+select * from rtest_view3;
+delete from rtest_view3;
+
+insert into rtest_view4 select * from rtest_vview4 where 3 > refcount;
+select * from rtest_view4 order by a, b;
+delete from rtest_view4;
+
+insert into rtest_view4 select * from rtest_vview5 where a > 2 and refcount = 0;
+select * from rtest_view4;
+delete from rtest_view4;
+--
+-- Test for computations in views
+--
+create table rtest_comp (
+	part	text,
+	unit	char(4),
+	size	float
+);
+
+
+create table rtest_unitfact (
+	unit	char(4),
+	factor	float
+);
+
+create view rtest_vcomp as
+	select X.part, (X.size * Y.factor) as size_in_cm
+			from rtest_comp X, rtest_unitfact Y
+			where X.unit = Y.unit;
+
+
+insert into rtest_unitfact values ('m', 100.0);
+insert into rtest_unitfact values ('cm', 1.0);
+insert into rtest_unitfact values ('inch', 2.54);
+
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p1', 'm', 5.0);
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p2', 'm', 3.0);
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p3', 'cm', 5.0);
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p4', 'cm', 15.0);
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p5', 'inch', 7.0);
+insert into rtest_comp values ('p6', 'inch', 4.4);
+
+select * from rtest_vcomp order by part;
+
+select * from rtest_vcomp where size_in_cm > 10.0 order by size_in_cm using >;
+
+--
+-- In addition run the (slightly modified) queries from the
+-- programmers manual section on the rule system.
+--
+CREATE TABLE shoe_data (
+	shoename   char(10),      -- primary key
+	sh_avail   integer,       -- available # of pairs
+	slcolor    char(10),      -- preferred shoelace color
+	slminlen   float,         -- minimum shoelace length
+	slmaxlen   float,         -- maximum shoelace length
+	slunit     char(8)        -- length unit
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE shoelace_data (
+	sl_name    char(10),      -- primary key
+	sl_avail   integer,       -- available # of pairs
+	sl_color   char(10),      -- shoelace color
+	sl_len     float,         -- shoelace length
+	sl_unit    char(8)        -- length unit
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE unit (
+	un_name    char(8),       -- the primary key
+	un_fact    float          -- factor to transform to cm
+);
+
+CREATE VIEW shoe AS
+	SELECT sh.shoename,
+		   sh.sh_avail,
+		   sh.slcolor,
+		   sh.slminlen,
+		   sh.slminlen * un.un_fact AS slminlen_cm,
+		   sh.slmaxlen,
+		   sh.slmaxlen * un.un_fact AS slmaxlen_cm,
+		   sh.slunit
+	  FROM shoe_data sh, unit un
+	 WHERE sh.slunit = un.un_name;
+
+CREATE VIEW shoelace AS
+	SELECT s.sl_name,
+		   s.sl_avail,
+		   s.sl_color,
+		   s.sl_len,
+		   s.sl_unit,
+		   s.sl_len * u.un_fact AS sl_len_cm
+	  FROM shoelace_data s, unit u
+	 WHERE s.sl_unit = u.un_name;
+
+CREATE VIEW shoe_ready AS
+	SELECT rsh.shoename,
+		   rsh.sh_avail,
+		   rsl.sl_name,
+		   rsl.sl_avail,
+		   int4smaller(rsh.sh_avail, rsl.sl_avail) AS total_avail
+	  FROM shoe rsh, shoelace rsl
+	 WHERE rsl.sl_color = rsh.slcolor
+	   AND rsl.sl_len_cm >= rsh.slminlen_cm
+	   AND rsl.sl_len_cm <= rsh.slmaxlen_cm;
+
+INSERT INTO unit VALUES ('cm', 1.0);
+INSERT INTO unit VALUES ('m', 100.0);
+INSERT INTO unit VALUES ('inch', 2.54);
+
+INSERT INTO shoe_data VALUES ('sh1', 2, 'black', 70.0, 90.0, 'cm');
+INSERT INTO shoe_data VALUES ('sh2', 0, 'black', 30.0, 40.0, 'inch');
+INSERT INTO shoe_data VALUES ('sh3', 4, 'brown', 50.0, 65.0, 'cm');
+INSERT INTO shoe_data VALUES ('sh4', 3, 'brown', 40.0, 50.0, 'inch');
+
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl1', 5, 'black', 80.0, 'cm');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl2', 6, 'black', 100.0, 'cm');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl3', 0, 'black', 35.0 , 'inch');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl4', 8, 'black', 40.0 , 'inch');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl5', 4, 'brown', 1.0 , 'm');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl6', 0, 'brown', 0.9 , 'm');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl7', 7, 'brown', 60 , 'cm');
+INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES ('sl8', 1, 'brown', 40 , 'inch');
+
+-- SELECTs in doc
+SELECT * FROM shoelace ORDER BY sl_name;
+SELECT * FROM shoe_ready WHERE total_avail >= 2 ORDER BY 1;
+
+    CREATE TABLE shoelace_log (
+        sl_name    char(10),      -- shoelace changed
+        sl_avail   integer,       -- new available value
+        log_who    name,          -- who did it
+        log_when   timestamp      -- when
+    );
+
+-- Want "log_who" to be CURRENT_USER,
+-- but that is non-portable for the regression test
+-- - thomas 1999-02-21
+
+    CREATE RULE log_shoelace AS ON UPDATE TO shoelace_data
+        WHERE NEW.sl_avail != OLD.sl_avail
+        DO INSERT INTO shoelace_log VALUES (
+                                        NEW.sl_name,
+                                        NEW.sl_avail,
+                                        'Al Bundy',
+                                        'epoch'
+                                    );
+
+UPDATE shoelace_data SET sl_avail = 6 WHERE  sl_name = 'sl7';
+
+SELECT * FROM shoelace_log;
+
+    CREATE RULE shoelace_ins AS ON INSERT TO shoelace
+        DO INSTEAD
+        INSERT INTO shoelace_data VALUES (
+               NEW.sl_name,
+               NEW.sl_avail,
+               NEW.sl_color,
+               NEW.sl_len,
+               NEW.sl_unit);
+
+    CREATE RULE shoelace_upd AS ON UPDATE TO shoelace
+        DO INSTEAD
+        UPDATE shoelace_data SET
+               sl_name = NEW.sl_name,
+               sl_avail = NEW.sl_avail,
+               sl_color = NEW.sl_color,
+               sl_len = NEW.sl_len,
+               sl_unit = NEW.sl_unit
+         WHERE sl_name = OLD.sl_name;
+
+    CREATE RULE shoelace_del AS ON DELETE TO shoelace
+        DO INSTEAD
+        DELETE FROM shoelace_data
+         WHERE sl_name = OLD.sl_name;
+
+    CREATE TABLE shoelace_arrive (
+        arr_name    char(10),
+        arr_quant   integer
+    );
+
+    CREATE TABLE shoelace_ok (
+        ok_name     char(10),
+        ok_quant    integer
+    );
+
+    CREATE RULE shoelace_ok_ins AS ON INSERT TO shoelace_ok
+        DO INSTEAD
+        UPDATE shoelace SET
+               sl_avail = sl_avail + NEW.ok_quant
+         WHERE sl_name = NEW.ok_name;
+
+INSERT INTO shoelace_arrive VALUES ('sl3', 10);
+INSERT INTO shoelace_arrive VALUES ('sl6', 20);
+INSERT INTO shoelace_arrive VALUES ('sl8', 20);
+
+SELECT * FROM shoelace ORDER BY sl_name;
+
+insert into shoelace_ok select * from shoelace_arrive;
+
+SELECT * FROM shoelace ORDER BY sl_name;
+
+SELECT * FROM shoelace_log ORDER BY sl_name;
+
+    CREATE VIEW shoelace_obsolete AS
+	SELECT * FROM shoelace WHERE NOT EXISTS
+	    (SELECT shoename FROM shoe WHERE slcolor = sl_color);
+
+    CREATE VIEW shoelace_candelete AS
+	SELECT * FROM shoelace_obsolete WHERE sl_avail = 0;
+
+insert into shoelace values ('sl9', 0, 'pink', 35.0, 'inch', 0.0);
+insert into shoelace values ('sl10', 1000, 'magenta', 40.0, 'inch', 0.0);
+-- Unsupported (even though a similar updatable view construct is)
+insert into shoelace values ('sl10', 1000, 'magenta', 40.0, 'inch', 0.0)
+  on conflict do nothing;
+
+SELECT * FROM shoelace_obsolete ORDER BY sl_len_cm;
+SELECT * FROM shoelace_candelete;
+
+DELETE FROM shoelace WHERE EXISTS
+    (SELECT * FROM shoelace_candelete
+             WHERE sl_name = shoelace.sl_name);
+
+SELECT * FROM shoelace ORDER BY sl_name;
+
+SELECT * FROM shoe ORDER BY shoename;
+SELECT count(*) FROM shoe;
+
+
+--
+-- Simple test of qualified ON INSERT ... this did not work in 7.0 ...
+--
+create table rules_foo (f1 int);
+create table rules_foo2 (f1 int);
+
+create rule rules_foorule as on insert to rules_foo where f1 < 100
+do instead nothing;
+
+insert into rules_foo values(1);
+insert into rules_foo values(1001);
+select * from rules_foo;
+
+drop rule rules_foorule on rules_foo;
+
+-- this should fail because f1 is not exposed for unqualified reference:
+create rule rules_foorule as on insert to rules_foo where f1 < 100
+do instead insert into rules_foo2 values (f1);
+-- this is the correct way:
+create rule rules_foorule as on insert to rules_foo where f1 < 100
+do instead insert into rules_foo2 values (new.f1);
+
+insert into rules_foo values(2);
+insert into rules_foo values(100);
+
+select * from rules_foo;
+select * from rules_foo2;
+
+drop rule rules_foorule on rules_foo;
+drop table rules_foo;
+drop table rules_foo2;
+
+
+--
+-- Test rules containing INSERT ... SELECT, which is a very ugly special
+-- case as of 7.1.  Example is based on bug report from Joel Burton.
+--
+create table pparent (pid int, txt text);
+insert into pparent values (1,'parent1');
+insert into pparent values (2,'parent2');
+
+create table cchild (pid int, descrip text);
+insert into cchild values (1,'descrip1');
+
+create view vview as
+  select pparent.pid, txt, descrip from
+    pparent left join cchild using (pid);
+
+create rule rrule as
+  on update to vview do instead
+(
+  insert into cchild (pid, descrip)
+    select old.pid, new.descrip where old.descrip isnull;
+  update cchild set descrip = new.descrip where cchild.pid = old.pid;
+);
+
+select * from vview;
+update vview set descrip='test1' where pid=1;
+select * from vview;
+update vview set descrip='test2' where pid=2;
+select * from vview;
+update vview set descrip='test3' where pid=3;
+select * from vview;
+select * from cchild;
+
+drop rule rrule on vview;
+drop view vview;
+drop table pparent;
+drop table cchild;
+
+
+--
+-- Check that ruleutils are working
+--
+
+-- temporarily disable fancy output, so view changes create less diff noise
+\a\t
+
+SELECT viewname, definition FROM pg_views
+WHERE schemaname = 'pg_catalog'
+ORDER BY viewname;
+
+SELECT tablename, rulename, definition FROM pg_rules
+WHERE schemaname = 'pg_catalog'
+ORDER BY tablename, rulename;
+
+-- restore normal output mode
+\a\t
+
+--
+-- CREATE OR REPLACE RULE
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE ruletest_tbl (a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE ruletest_tbl2 (a int, b int);
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE myrule AS ON INSERT TO ruletest_tbl
+	DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO ruletest_tbl2 VALUES (10, 10);
+
+INSERT INTO ruletest_tbl VALUES (99, 99);
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE myrule AS ON INSERT TO ruletest_tbl
+	DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO ruletest_tbl2 VALUES (1000, 1000);
+
+INSERT INTO ruletest_tbl VALUES (99, 99);
+
+SELECT * FROM ruletest_tbl2;
+
+-- Check that rewrite rules splitting one INSERT into multiple
+-- conditional statements does not disable FK checking.
+create table rule_and_refint_t1 (
+	id1a integer,
+	id1b integer,
+
+	primary key (id1a, id1b)
+);
+
+create table rule_and_refint_t2 (
+	id2a integer,
+	id2c integer,
+
+	primary key (id2a, id2c)
+);
+
+create table rule_and_refint_t3 (
+	id3a integer,
+	id3b integer,
+	id3c integer,
+	data text,
+
+	primary key (id3a, id3b, id3c),
+
+	foreign key (id3a, id3b) references rule_and_refint_t1 (id1a, id1b),
+	foreign key (id3a, id3c) references rule_and_refint_t2 (id2a, id2c)
+);
+
+
+insert into rule_and_refint_t1 values (1, 11);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t1 values (1, 12);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t1 values (2, 21);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t1 values (2, 22);
+
+insert into rule_and_refint_t2 values (1, 11);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t2 values (1, 12);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t2 values (2, 21);
+insert into rule_and_refint_t2 values (2, 22);
+
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 11, 11, 'row1');
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 11, 12, 'row2');
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 12, 11, 'row3');
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 12, 12, 'row4');
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 11, 13, 'row5');
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 13, 11, 'row6');
+-- Ordinary table
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 13, 11, 'row6')
+  on conflict do nothing;
+-- rule not fired, so fk violation
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 13, 11, 'row6')
+  on conflict (id3a, id3b, id3c) do update
+  set id3b = excluded.id3b;
+-- rule fired, so unsupported
+insert into shoelace values ('sl9', 0, 'pink', 35.0, 'inch', 0.0)
+  on conflict (sl_name) do update
+  set sl_avail = excluded.sl_avail;
+
+create rule rule_and_refint_t3_ins as on insert to rule_and_refint_t3
+	where (exists (select 1 from rule_and_refint_t3
+			where (((rule_and_refint_t3.id3a = new.id3a)
+			and (rule_and_refint_t3.id3b = new.id3b))
+			and (rule_and_refint_t3.id3c = new.id3c))))
+	do instead update rule_and_refint_t3 set data = new.data
+	where (((rule_and_refint_t3.id3a = new.id3a)
+	and (rule_and_refint_t3.id3b = new.id3b))
+	and (rule_and_refint_t3.id3c = new.id3c));
+
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 11, 13, 'row7');
+insert into rule_and_refint_t3 values (1, 13, 11, 'row8');
+
+--
+-- disallow dropping a view's rule (bug #5072)
+--
+
+create view rules_fooview as select 'rules_foo'::text;
+drop rule "_RETURN" on rules_fooview;
+drop view rules_fooview;
+
+--
+-- test conversion of table to view (needed to load some pg_dump files)
+--
+
+create table rules_fooview (x int, y text);
+select xmin, * from rules_fooview;
+
+create rule "_RETURN" as on select to rules_fooview do instead
+  select 1 as x, 'aaa'::text as y;
+
+select * from rules_fooview;
+select xmin, * from rules_fooview;  -- fail, views don't have such a column
+
+select reltoastrelid, relkind, relfrozenxid
+  from pg_class where oid = 'rules_fooview'::regclass;
+
+drop view rules_fooview;
+
+-- cannot convert an inheritance parent or child to a view, though
+create table rules_fooview (x int, y text);
+create table rules_fooview_child () inherits (rules_fooview);
+
+create rule "_RETURN" as on select to rules_fooview do instead
+  select 1 as x, 'aaa'::text as y;
+create rule "_RETURN" as on select to rules_fooview_child do instead
+  select 1 as x, 'aaa'::text as y;
+
+drop table rules_fooview cascade;
+
+-- likewise, converting a partitioned table or partition to view is not allowed
+create table rules_fooview (x int, y text) partition by list (x);
+create rule "_RETURN" as on select to rules_fooview do instead
+  select 1 as x, 'aaa'::text as y;
+
+create table rules_fooview_part partition of rules_fooview for values in (1);
+create rule "_RETURN" as on select to rules_fooview_part do instead
+  select 1 as x, 'aaa'::text as y;
+
+drop table rules_fooview;
+
+--
+-- check for planner problems with complex inherited UPDATES
+--
+
+create table id (id serial primary key, name text);
+-- currently, must respecify PKEY for each inherited subtable
+create table test_1 (id integer primary key) inherits (id);
+create table test_2 (id integer primary key) inherits (id);
+create table test_3 (id integer primary key) inherits (id);
+
+insert into test_1 (name) values ('Test 1');
+insert into test_1 (name) values ('Test 2');
+insert into test_2 (name) values ('Test 3');
+insert into test_2 (name) values ('Test 4');
+insert into test_3 (name) values ('Test 5');
+insert into test_3 (name) values ('Test 6');
+
+create view id_ordered as select * from id order by id;
+
+create rule update_id_ordered as on update to id_ordered
+	do instead update id set name = new.name where id = old.id;
+
+select * from id_ordered;
+update id_ordered set name = 'update 2' where id = 2;
+update id_ordered set name = 'update 4' where id = 4;
+update id_ordered set name = 'update 5' where id = 5;
+select * from id_ordered;
+
+drop table id cascade;
+
+--
+-- check corner case where an entirely-dummy subplan is created by
+-- constraint exclusion
+--
+
+create temp table t1 (a integer primary key);
+
+create temp table t1_1 (check (a >= 0 and a < 10)) inherits (t1);
+create temp table t1_2 (check (a >= 10 and a < 20)) inherits (t1);
+
+create rule t1_ins_1 as on insert to t1
+	where new.a >= 0 and new.a < 10
+	do instead
+	insert into t1_1 values (new.a);
+create rule t1_ins_2 as on insert to t1
+	where new.a >= 10 and new.a < 20
+	do instead
+	insert into t1_2 values (new.a);
+
+create rule t1_upd_1 as on update to t1
+	where old.a >= 0 and old.a < 10
+	do instead
+	update t1_1 set a = new.a where a = old.a;
+create rule t1_upd_2 as on update to t1
+	where old.a >= 10 and old.a < 20
+	do instead
+	update t1_2 set a = new.a where a = old.a;
+
+set constraint_exclusion = on;
+
+insert into t1 select * from generate_series(5,19,1) g;
+update t1 set a = 4 where a = 5;
+
+select * from only t1;
+select * from only t1_1;
+select * from only t1_2;
+
+reset constraint_exclusion;
+
+-- test FOR UPDATE in rules
+
+create table rules_base(f1 int, f2 int);
+insert into rules_base values(1,2), (11,12);
+create rule r1 as on update to rules_base do instead
+  select * from rules_base where f1 = 1 for update;
+update rules_base set f2 = f2 + 1;
+create or replace rule r1 as on update to rules_base do instead
+  select * from rules_base where f1 = 11 for update of rules_base;
+update rules_base set f2 = f2 + 1;
+create or replace rule r1 as on update to rules_base do instead
+  select * from rules_base where f1 = 11 for update of old; -- error
+drop table rules_base;
+
+-- test various flavors of pg_get_viewdef()
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('shoe'::regclass) as unpretty;
+select pg_get_viewdef('shoe'::regclass,true) as pretty;
+select pg_get_viewdef('shoe'::regclass,0) as prettier;
+
+--
+-- check multi-row VALUES in rules
+--
+
+create table rules_src(f1 int, f2 int default 0);
+create table rules_log(f1 int, f2 int, tag text, id serial);
+insert into rules_src values(1,2), (11,12);
+create rule r1 as on update to rules_src do also
+  insert into rules_log values(old.*, 'old', default), (new.*, 'new', default);
+update rules_src set f2 = f2 + 1;
+update rules_src set f2 = f2 * 10;
+select * from rules_src;
+select * from rules_log;
+create rule r2 as on update to rules_src do also
+  values(old.*, 'old'), (new.*, 'new');
+update rules_src set f2 = f2 / 10;
+create rule r3 as on insert to rules_src do also
+  insert into rules_log values(null, null, '-', default), (new.*, 'new', default);
+insert into rules_src values(22,23), (33,default);
+select * from rules_src;
+select * from rules_log;
+create rule r4 as on delete to rules_src do notify rules_src_deletion;
+
+--
+-- Ensure an aliased target relation for insert is correctly deparsed.
+--
+create rule r5 as on insert to rules_src do instead insert into rules_log AS trgt SELECT NEW.* RETURNING trgt.f1, trgt.f2;
+create rule r6 as on update to rules_src do instead UPDATE rules_log AS trgt SET tag = 'updated' WHERE trgt.f1 = new.f1;
+
+--
+-- Check deparse disambiguation of INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE targets.
+--
+create rule r7 as on delete to rules_src do instead
+  with wins as (insert into int4_tbl as trgt values (0) returning *),
+       wupd as (update int4_tbl trgt set f1 = f1+1 returning *),
+       wdel as (delete from int4_tbl trgt where f1 = 0 returning *)
+  insert into rules_log AS trgt select old.* from wins, wupd, wdel
+  returning trgt.f1, trgt.f2;
+
+-- check display of all rules added above
+\d+ rules_src
+
+--
+-- Also check multiassignment deparsing.
+--
+create table rule_t1(f1 int, f2 int);
+create table rule_dest(f1 int, f2 int[], tag text);
+create rule rr as on update to rule_t1 do instead UPDATE rule_dest trgt
+  SET (f2[1], f1, tag) = (SELECT new.f2, new.f1, 'updated'::varchar)
+  WHERE trgt.f1 = new.f1 RETURNING new.*;
+\d+ rule_t1
+drop table rule_t1, rule_dest;
+
+--
+-- Test implicit LATERAL references to old/new in rules
+--
+CREATE TABLE rule_t1(a int, b text DEFAULT 'xxx', c int);
+CREATE VIEW rule_v1 AS SELECT * FROM rule_t1;
+CREATE RULE v1_ins AS ON INSERT TO rule_v1
+  DO ALSO INSERT INTO rule_t1
+  SELECT * FROM (SELECT a + 10 FROM rule_t1 WHERE a = NEW.a) tt;
+CREATE RULE v1_upd AS ON UPDATE TO rule_v1
+  DO ALSO UPDATE rule_t1 t
+  SET c = tt.a * 10
+  FROM (SELECT a FROM rule_t1 WHERE a = OLD.a) tt WHERE t.a = tt.a;
+INSERT INTO rule_v1 VALUES (1, 'a'), (2, 'b');
+UPDATE rule_v1 SET b = upper(b);
+SELECT * FROM rule_t1;
+DROP TABLE rule_t1 CASCADE;
+
+--
+-- check alter rename rule
+--
+CREATE TABLE rule_t1 (a INT);
+CREATE VIEW rule_v1 AS SELECT * FROM rule_t1;
+
+CREATE RULE InsertRule AS
+    ON INSERT TO rule_v1
+    DO INSTEAD
+        INSERT INTO rule_t1 VALUES(new.a);
+
+ALTER RULE InsertRule ON rule_v1 RENAME to NewInsertRule;
+
+INSERT INTO rule_v1 VALUES(1);
+SELECT * FROM rule_v1;
+
+\d+ rule_v1
+
+--
+-- error conditions for alter rename rule
+--
+ALTER RULE InsertRule ON rule_v1 RENAME TO NewInsertRule; -- doesn't exist
+ALTER RULE NewInsertRule ON rule_v1 RENAME TO "_RETURN"; -- already exists
+ALTER RULE "_RETURN" ON rule_v1 RENAME TO abc; -- ON SELECT rule cannot be renamed
+
+DROP VIEW rule_v1;
+DROP TABLE rule_t1;
+
+--
+-- check display of VALUES in view definitions
+--
+create view rule_v1 as values(1,2);
+\d+ rule_v1
+alter table rule_v1 rename column column2 to q2;
+\d+ rule_v1
+drop view rule_v1;
+create view rule_v1(x) as values(1,2);
+\d+ rule_v1
+drop view rule_v1;
+create view rule_v1(x) as select * from (values(1,2)) v;
+\d+ rule_v1
+drop view rule_v1;
+create view rule_v1(x) as select * from (values(1,2)) v(q,w);
+\d+ rule_v1
+drop view rule_v1;
+
+--
+-- Check DO INSTEAD rules with ON CONFLICT
+--
+CREATE TABLE hats (
+	hat_name    char(10) primary key,
+	hat_color   char(10)      -- hat color
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE hat_data (
+	hat_name    char(10),
+	hat_color   char(10)      -- hat color
+);
+create unique index hat_data_unique_idx
+  on hat_data (hat_name COLLATE "C" bpchar_pattern_ops);
+
+-- DO NOTHING with ON CONFLICT
+CREATE RULE hat_nosert AS ON INSERT TO hats
+    DO INSTEAD
+    INSERT INTO hat_data VALUES (
+           NEW.hat_name,
+           NEW.hat_color)
+        ON CONFLICT (hat_name COLLATE "C" bpchar_pattern_ops) WHERE hat_color = 'green'
+        DO NOTHING
+        RETURNING *;
+SELECT definition FROM pg_rules WHERE tablename = 'hats' ORDER BY rulename;
+
+-- Works (projects row)
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h7', 'black') RETURNING *;
+-- Works (does nothing)
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h7', 'black') RETURNING *;
+SELECT tablename, rulename, definition FROM pg_rules
+	WHERE tablename = 'hats';
+DROP RULE hat_nosert ON hats;
+
+-- DO NOTHING without ON CONFLICT
+CREATE RULE hat_nosert_all AS ON INSERT TO hats
+    DO INSTEAD
+    INSERT INTO hat_data VALUES (
+           NEW.hat_name,
+           NEW.hat_color)
+        ON CONFLICT
+        DO NOTHING
+        RETURNING *;
+SELECT definition FROM pg_rules WHERE tablename = 'hats' ORDER BY rulename;
+DROP RULE hat_nosert_all ON hats;
+
+-- Works (does nothing)
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h7', 'black') RETURNING *;
+
+-- DO UPDATE with a WHERE clause
+CREATE RULE hat_upsert AS ON INSERT TO hats
+    DO INSTEAD
+    INSERT INTO hat_data VALUES (
+           NEW.hat_name,
+           NEW.hat_color)
+        ON CONFLICT (hat_name)
+        DO UPDATE
+           SET hat_name = hat_data.hat_name, hat_color = excluded.hat_color
+           WHERE excluded.hat_color <>  'forbidden' AND hat_data.* != excluded.*
+        RETURNING *;
+SELECT definition FROM pg_rules WHERE tablename = 'hats' ORDER BY rulename;
+
+-- Works (does upsert)
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h8', 'black') RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM hat_data WHERE hat_name = 'h8';
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h8', 'white') RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM hat_data WHERE hat_name = 'h8';
+INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h8', 'forbidden') RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM hat_data WHERE hat_name = 'h8';
+SELECT tablename, rulename, definition FROM pg_rules
+	WHERE tablename = 'hats';
+-- ensure explain works for on insert conflict rules
+explain (costs off) INSERT INTO hats VALUES ('h8', 'forbidden') RETURNING *;
+
+-- ensure upserting into a rule, with a CTE (different offsets!) works
+WITH data(hat_name, hat_color) AS MATERIALIZED (
+    VALUES ('h8', 'green'),
+        ('h9', 'blue'),
+        ('h7', 'forbidden')
+)
+INSERT INTO hats
+    SELECT * FROM data
+RETURNING *;
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+WITH data(hat_name, hat_color) AS MATERIALIZED (
+    VALUES ('h8', 'green'),
+        ('h9', 'blue'),
+        ('h7', 'forbidden')
+)
+INSERT INTO hats
+    SELECT * FROM data
+RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM hat_data WHERE hat_name IN ('h8', 'h9', 'h7') ORDER BY hat_name;
+
+DROP RULE hat_upsert ON hats;
+
+drop table hats;
+drop table hat_data;
+
+-- test for pg_get_functiondef properly regurgitating SET parameters
+-- Note that the function is kept around to stress pg_dump.
+CREATE FUNCTION func_with_set_params() RETURNS integer
+    AS 'select 1;'
+    LANGUAGE SQL
+    SET search_path TO PG_CATALOG
+    SET extra_float_digits TO 2
+    SET work_mem TO '4MB'
+    SET datestyle to iso, mdy
+    SET local_preload_libraries TO "Mixed/Case", 'c:/''a"/path', '', '0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789'
+    IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef('func_with_set_params()'::regprocedure);
+
+-- tests for pg_get_*def with invalid objects
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(0);
+SELECT pg_get_functiondef(0);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(0);
+SELECT pg_get_ruledef(0);
+SELECT pg_get_statisticsobjdef(0);
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(0);
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef(0);
+SELECT pg_get_function_arguments(0);
+SELECT pg_get_function_identity_arguments(0);
+SELECT pg_get_function_result(0);
+SELECT pg_get_function_arg_default(0, 0);
+SELECT pg_get_function_arg_default('pg_class'::regclass, 0);
+SELECT pg_get_partkeydef(0);
+
+-- test rename for a rule defined on a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE rules_parted_table (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE rules_parted_table_1 PARTITION OF rules_parted_table FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE RULE rules_parted_table_insert AS ON INSERT to rules_parted_table
+    DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO rules_parted_table_1 VALUES (NEW.*);
+ALTER RULE rules_parted_table_insert ON rules_parted_table RENAME TO rules_parted_table_insert_redirect;
+DROP TABLE rules_parted_table;
+
+--
+-- test MERGE
+--
+CREATE TABLE rule_merge1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE rule_merge2 (a int, b text);
+CREATE RULE rule1 AS ON INSERT TO rule_merge1
+	DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO rule_merge2 VALUES (NEW.*);
+CREATE RULE rule2 AS ON UPDATE TO rule_merge1
+	DO INSTEAD UPDATE rule_merge2 SET a = NEW.a, b = NEW.b
+	WHERE a = OLD.a;
+CREATE RULE rule3 AS ON DELETE TO rule_merge1
+	DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM rule_merge2 WHERE a = OLD.a;
+
+-- MERGE not supported for table with rules
+MERGE INTO rule_merge1 t USING (SELECT 1 AS a) s
+	ON t.a = s.a
+	WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 2 THEN
+		UPDATE SET b = b || ' updated by merge'
+	WHEN MATCHED AND t.a > 2 THEN
+		DELETE
+	WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+		INSERT VALUES (s.a, '');
+
+-- should be ok with the other table though
+MERGE INTO rule_merge2 t USING (SELECT 1 AS a) s
+	ON t.a = s.a
+	WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 2 THEN
+		UPDATE SET b = b || ' updated by merge'
+	WHEN MATCHED AND t.a > 2 THEN
+		DELETE
+	WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+		INSERT VALUES (s.a, '');
+
+-- test deparsing
+CREATE TABLE sf_target(id int, data text, filling int[]);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION merge_sf_test()
+ RETURNS void
+ LANGUAGE sql
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+ MERGE INTO sf_target t
+   USING rule_merge1 s
+   ON (s.a = t.id)
+WHEN MATCHED
+   AND (s.a + t.id) = 42
+   THEN UPDATE SET data = repeat(t.data, s.a) || s.b, id = length(s.b)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED
+   AND (s.b IS NOT NULL)
+   THEN INSERT (data, id)
+   VALUES (s.b, s.a)
+WHEN MATCHED
+   AND length(s.b || t.data) > 10
+   THEN UPDATE SET data = s.b
+WHEN MATCHED
+   AND s.a > 200
+   THEN UPDATE SET filling[s.a] = t.id
+WHEN MATCHED
+   AND s.a > 100
+   THEN DELETE
+WHEN MATCHED
+   THEN DO NOTHING
+WHEN NOT MATCHED
+   AND s.a > 200
+   THEN INSERT DEFAULT VALUES
+WHEN NOT MATCHED
+   AND s.a > 100
+   THEN INSERT (id, data) OVERRIDING USER VALUE
+   VALUES (s.a, DEFAULT)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED
+   AND s.a > 0
+   THEN INSERT
+   VALUES (s.a, s.b, DEFAULT)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED
+   THEN INSERT (filling[1], id)
+   VALUES (s.a, s.a);
+END;
+
+\sf merge_sf_test
+
+DROP FUNCTION merge_sf_test;
+DROP TABLE sf_target;
+
+--
+-- Test enabling/disabling
+--
+CREATE TABLE ruletest1 (a int);
+CREATE TABLE ruletest2 (b int);
+
+CREATE RULE rule1 AS ON INSERT TO ruletest1
+    DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO ruletest2 VALUES (NEW.*);
+
+INSERT INTO ruletest1 VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE ruletest1 DISABLE RULE rule1;
+INSERT INTO ruletest1 VALUES (2);
+ALTER TABLE ruletest1 ENABLE RULE rule1;
+SET session_replication_role = replica;
+INSERT INTO ruletest1 VALUES (3);
+ALTER TABLE ruletest1 ENABLE REPLICA RULE rule1;
+INSERT INTO ruletest1 VALUES (4);
+RESET session_replication_role;
+INSERT INTO ruletest1 VALUES (5);
+
+SELECT * FROM ruletest1;
+SELECT * FROM ruletest2;
+
+DROP TABLE ruletest1;
+DROP TABLE ruletest2;
+
+--
+-- Test non-SELECT rule on security invoker view.
+-- Should use view owner's permissions.
+--
+CREATE USER regress_rule_user1;
+
+CREATE TABLE ruletest_t1 (x int);
+CREATE TABLE ruletest_t2 (x int);
+CREATE VIEW ruletest_v1 WITH (security_invoker=true) AS
+    SELECT * FROM ruletest_t1;
+GRANT INSERT ON ruletest_v1 TO regress_rule_user1;
+
+CREATE RULE rule1 AS ON INSERT TO ruletest_v1
+    DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO ruletest_t2 VALUES (NEW.*);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rule_user1;
+INSERT INTO ruletest_v1 VALUES (1);
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT * FROM ruletest_t1;
+SELECT * FROM ruletest_t2;
+
+DROP VIEW ruletest_v1;
+DROP TABLE ruletest_t2;
+DROP TABLE ruletest_t1;
+
+DROP USER regress_rule_user1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/sanity_check.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/sanity_check.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f338d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/sanity_check.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+VACUUM;
+
+--
+-- Sanity check: every system catalog that has OIDs should have
+-- a unique index on OID.  This ensures that the OIDs will be unique,
+-- even after the OID counter wraps around.
+-- We exclude non-system tables from the check by looking at nspname.
+--
+SELECT relname, nspname
+ FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = relnamespace JOIN pg_attribute a ON (attrelid = c.oid AND attname = 'oid')
+ WHERE relkind = 'r' and c.oid < 16384
+     AND ((nspname ~ '^pg_') IS NOT FALSE)
+     AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_index i WHERE indrelid = c.oid
+                     AND indkey[0] = a.attnum AND indnatts = 1
+                     AND indisunique AND indimmediate);
+
+-- check that relations without storage don't have relfilenode
+SELECT relname, relkind
+  FROM pg_class
+ WHERE relkind IN ('v', 'c', 'f', 'p', 'I')
+       AND relfilenode <> 0;
+
+--
+-- When ALIGNOF_DOUBLE==4 (e.g. AIX), the C ABI may impose 8-byte alignment on
+-- some of the C types that correspond to TYPALIGN_DOUBLE SQL types.  To ensure
+-- catalog C struct layout matches catalog tuple layout, arrange for the tuple
+-- offset of each fixed-width, attalign='d' catalog column to be divisible by 8
+-- unconditionally.  Keep such columns before the first NameData column of the
+-- catalog, since packagers can override NAMEDATALEN to an odd number.
+--
+WITH check_columns AS (
+ SELECT relname, attname,
+  array(
+   SELECT t.oid
+    FROM pg_type t JOIN pg_attribute pa ON t.oid = pa.atttypid
+    WHERE pa.attrelid = a.attrelid AND
+          pa.attnum > 0 AND pa.attnum < a.attnum
+    ORDER BY pa.attnum) AS coltypes
+ FROM pg_attribute a JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = attrelid
+  JOIN pg_namespace n ON c.relnamespace = n.oid
+ WHERE attalign = 'd' AND relkind = 'r' AND
+  attnotnull AND attlen <> -1 AND n.nspname = 'pg_catalog'
+)
+SELECT relname, attname, coltypes, get_columns_length(coltypes)
+ FROM check_columns
+ WHERE get_columns_length(coltypes) % 8 != 0 OR
+       'name'::regtype::oid = ANY(coltypes);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/security_label.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/security_label.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98e6a5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/security_label.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+--
+-- Test for facilities of security label
+--
+
+-- initial setups
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_seclabel_user1;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_seclabel_user2;
+
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+CREATE USER regress_seclabel_user1 WITH CREATEROLE;
+CREATE USER regress_seclabel_user2;
+
+CREATE TABLE seclabel_tbl1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE seclabel_tbl2 (x int, y text);
+CREATE VIEW seclabel_view1 AS SELECT * FROM seclabel_tbl2;
+CREATE FUNCTION seclabel_four() RETURNS integer AS $$SELECT 4$$ language sql;
+CREATE DOMAIN seclabel_domain AS text;
+
+ALTER TABLE seclabel_tbl1 OWNER TO regress_seclabel_user1;
+ALTER TABLE seclabel_tbl2 OWNER TO regress_seclabel_user2;
+
+--
+-- Test of SECURITY LABEL statement without a plugin
+--
+SECURITY LABEL ON TABLE seclabel_tbl1 IS 'classified';			-- fail
+SECURITY LABEL FOR 'dummy' ON TABLE seclabel_tbl1 IS 'classified';		-- fail
+SECURITY LABEL ON TABLE seclabel_tbl1 IS '...invalid label...';		-- fail
+SECURITY LABEL ON TABLE seclabel_tbl3 IS 'unclassified';			-- fail
+
+SECURITY LABEL ON ROLE regress_seclabel_user1 IS 'classified';			-- fail
+SECURITY LABEL FOR 'dummy' ON ROLE regress_seclabel_user1 IS 'classified';		-- fail
+SECURITY LABEL ON ROLE regress_seclabel_user1 IS '...invalid label...';		-- fail
+SECURITY LABEL ON ROLE regress_seclabel_user3 IS 'unclassified';			-- fail
+
+-- clean up objects
+DROP FUNCTION seclabel_four();
+DROP DOMAIN seclabel_domain;
+DROP VIEW seclabel_view1;
+DROP TABLE seclabel_tbl1;
+DROP TABLE seclabel_tbl2;
+DROP USER regress_seclabel_user1;
+DROP USER regress_seclabel_user2;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/select.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/select.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..019f1e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/select.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+--
+-- SELECT
+--
+
+-- btree index
+-- awk '{if($1<10){print;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +0n -1
+--
+SELECT * FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 < 10
+   ORDER BY onek.unique1;
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1<20){print $1,$14;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +0nr -1
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.stringu1 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 < 20
+   ORDER BY unique1 using >;
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1>980){print $1,$14;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +1d -2
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.stringu1 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 > 980
+   ORDER BY stringu1 using <;
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1>980){print $1,$16;}else{next;}}' onek.data |
+-- sort +1d -2 +0nr -1
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.string4 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 > 980
+   ORDER BY string4 using <, unique1 using >;
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1>980){print $1,$16;}else{next;}}' onek.data |
+-- sort +1dr -2 +0n -1
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.string4 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 > 980
+   ORDER BY string4 using >, unique1 using <;
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1<20){print $1,$16;}else{next;}}' onek.data |
+-- sort +0nr -1 +1d -2
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.string4 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 < 20
+   ORDER BY unique1 using >, string4 using <;
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1<20){print $1,$16;}else{next;}}' onek.data |
+-- sort +0n -1 +1dr -2
+--
+SELECT onek.unique1, onek.string4 FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 < 20
+   ORDER BY unique1 using <, string4 using >;
+
+--
+-- test partial btree indexes
+--
+-- As of 7.2, planner probably won't pick an indexscan without stats,
+-- so ANALYZE first.  Also, we want to prevent it from picking a bitmapscan
+-- followed by sort, because that could hide index ordering problems.
+--
+ANALYZE onek2;
+
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+SET enable_sort TO off;
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1<10){print $0;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +0n -1
+--
+SELECT onek2.* FROM onek2 WHERE onek2.unique1 < 10;
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1<20){print $1,$14;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +0nr -1
+--
+SELECT onek2.unique1, onek2.stringu1 FROM onek2
+    WHERE onek2.unique1 < 20
+    ORDER BY unique1 using >;
+
+--
+-- awk '{if($1>980){print $1,$14;}else{next;}}' onek.data | sort +1d -2
+--
+SELECT onek2.unique1, onek2.stringu1 FROM onek2
+   WHERE onek2.unique1 > 980;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+RESET enable_sort;
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $1,$2;}' person.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=2){print $3,$2;}else{print;}}' - emp.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=2){print $3,$2;}else{print;}}' - student.data |
+-- awk 'BEGIN{FS="      ";}{if(NF!=2){print $4,$5;}else{print;}}' - stud_emp.data
+--
+-- SELECT name, age FROM person*; ??? check if different
+SELECT p.name, p.age FROM person* p;
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $1,$2;}' person.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=2){print $3,$2;}else{print;}}' - emp.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=2){print $3,$2;}else{print;}}' - student.data |
+-- awk 'BEGIN{FS="      ";}{if(NF!=1){print $4,$5;}else{print;}}' - stud_emp.data |
+-- sort +1nr -2
+--
+SELECT p.name, p.age FROM person* p ORDER BY age using >, name;
+
+--
+-- Test some cases involving whole-row Var referencing a subquery
+--
+select foo from (select 1 offset 0) as foo;
+select foo from (select null offset 0) as foo;
+select foo from (select 'xyzzy',1,null offset 0) as foo;
+
+--
+-- Test VALUES lists
+--
+select * from onek, (values(147, 'RFAAAA'), (931, 'VJAAAA')) as v (i, j)
+    WHERE onek.unique1 = v.i and onek.stringu1 = v.j;
+
+-- a more complex case
+-- looks like we're coding lisp :-)
+select * from onek,
+  (values ((select i from
+    (values(10000), (2), (389), (1000), (2000), ((select 10029))) as foo(i)
+    order by i asc limit 1))) bar (i)
+  where onek.unique1 = bar.i;
+
+-- try VALUES in a subquery
+select * from onek
+    where (unique1,ten) in (values (1,1), (20,0), (99,9), (17,99))
+    order by unique1;
+
+-- VALUES is also legal as a standalone query or a set-operation member
+VALUES (1,2), (3,4+4), (7,77.7);
+
+VALUES (1,2), (3,4+4), (7,77.7)
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 2+2, 57
+UNION ALL
+TABLE int8_tbl;
+
+-- corner case: VALUES with no columns
+CREATE TEMP TABLE nocols();
+INSERT INTO nocols DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM nocols n, LATERAL (VALUES(n.*)) v;
+
+--
+-- Test ORDER BY options
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (f1 int);
+
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (42),(3),(10),(7),(null),(null),(1);
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 ASC;	-- same thing
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 NULLS FIRST;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC NULLS LAST;
+
+-- check if indexscans do the right things
+CREATE INDEX fooi ON foo (f1);
+SET enable_sort = false;
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 NULLS FIRST;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC NULLS LAST;
+
+DROP INDEX fooi;
+CREATE INDEX fooi ON foo (f1 DESC);
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 NULLS FIRST;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC NULLS LAST;
+
+DROP INDEX fooi;
+CREATE INDEX fooi ON foo (f1 DESC NULLS LAST);
+
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 NULLS FIRST;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC;
+SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY f1 DESC NULLS LAST;
+
+--
+-- Test planning of some cases with partial indexes
+--
+
+-- partial index is usable
+explain (costs off)
+select * from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 = 'ATAAAA';
+select * from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 = 'ATAAAA';
+-- actually run the query with an analyze to use the partial index
+explain (costs off, analyze on, timing off, summary off)
+select * from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 = 'ATAAAA';
+explain (costs off)
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 = 'ATAAAA';
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 = 'ATAAAA';
+-- partial index predicate implies clause, so no need for retest
+explain (costs off)
+select * from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+select * from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+explain (costs off)
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+-- but if it's an update target, must retest anyway
+explain (costs off)
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B' for update;
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B' for update;
+-- partial index is not applicable
+explain (costs off)
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'C';
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'C';
+-- partial index implies clause, but bitmap scan must recheck predicate anyway
+SET enable_indexscan TO off;
+explain (costs off)
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+select unique2 from onek2 where unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B';
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+-- check multi-index cases too
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, unique2 from onek2
+  where (unique2 = 11 or unique1 = 0) and stringu1 < 'B';
+select unique1, unique2 from onek2
+  where (unique2 = 11 or unique1 = 0) and stringu1 < 'B';
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1, unique2 from onek2
+  where (unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B') or unique1 = 0;
+select unique1, unique2 from onek2
+  where (unique2 = 11 and stringu1 < 'B') or unique1 = 0;
+
+--
+-- Test some corner cases that have been known to confuse the planner
+--
+
+-- ORDER BY on a constant doesn't really need any sorting
+SELECT 1 AS x ORDER BY x;
+
+-- But ORDER BY on a set-valued expression does
+create function sillysrf(int) returns setof int as
+  'values (1),(10),(2),($1)' language sql immutable;
+
+select sillysrf(42);
+select sillysrf(-1) order by 1;
+
+drop function sillysrf(int);
+
+-- X = X isn't a no-op, it's effectively X IS NOT NULL assuming = is strict
+-- (see bug #5084)
+select * from (values (2),(null),(1)) v(k) where k = k order by k;
+select * from (values (2),(null),(1)) v(k) where k = k;
+
+-- Test partitioned tables with no partitions, which should be handled the
+-- same as the non-inheritance case when expanding its RTE.
+create table list_parted_tbl (a int,b int) partition by list (a);
+create table list_parted_tbl1 partition of list_parted_tbl
+  for values in (1) partition by list(b);
+explain (costs off) select * from list_parted_tbl;
+drop table list_parted_tbl;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/select_distinct.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/select_distinct.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f27ff71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/select_distinct.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_DISTINCT
+--
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $3;}' onek.data | sort -n | uniq
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT two FROM onek ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $5;}' onek.data | sort -n | uniq
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT ten FROM onek ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $16;}' onek.data | sort -d | uniq
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT string4 FROM onek ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $3,$16,$5;}' onek.data | sort -d | uniq |
+-- sort +0n -1 +1d -2 +2n -3
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT two, string4, ten
+   FROM onek
+   ORDER BY two using <, string4 using <, ten using <;
+
+--
+-- awk '{print $2;}' person.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=1){print $2;}else{print;}}' - emp.data |
+-- awk '{if(NF!=1){print $2;}else{print;}}' - student.data |
+-- awk 'BEGIN{FS="      ";}{if(NF!=1){print $5;}else{print;}}' - stud_emp.data |
+-- sort -n -r | uniq
+--
+SELECT DISTINCT p.age FROM person* p ORDER BY age using >;
+
+--
+-- Check mentioning same column more than once
+--
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM
+  (SELECT DISTINCT two, four, two FROM tenk1) ss;
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM
+  (SELECT DISTINCT two, four, two FROM tenk1) ss;
+
+--
+-- Compare results between plans using sorting and plans using hash
+-- aggregation. Force spilling in both cases by setting work_mem low.
+--
+
+SET work_mem='64kB';
+
+-- Produce results with sorting.
+
+SET enable_hashagg=FALSE;
+
+SET jit_above_cost=0;
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+SELECT DISTINCT g%1000 FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+
+CREATE TABLE distinct_group_1 AS
+SELECT DISTINCT g%1000 FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+
+SET jit_above_cost TO DEFAULT;
+
+CREATE TABLE distinct_group_2 AS
+SELECT DISTINCT (g%1000)::text FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+
+SET enable_hashagg=TRUE;
+
+-- Produce results with hash aggregation.
+
+SET enable_sort=FALSE;
+
+SET jit_above_cost=0;
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+SELECT DISTINCT g%1000 FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+
+CREATE TABLE distinct_hash_1 AS
+SELECT DISTINCT g%1000 FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+
+SET jit_above_cost TO DEFAULT;
+
+CREATE TABLE distinct_hash_2 AS
+SELECT DISTINCT (g%1000)::text FROM generate_series(0,9999) g;
+
+SET enable_sort=TRUE;
+
+SET work_mem TO DEFAULT;
+
+-- Compare results
+
+(SELECT * FROM distinct_hash_1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM distinct_group_1)
+  UNION ALL
+(SELECT * FROM distinct_group_1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM distinct_hash_1);
+
+(SELECT * FROM distinct_hash_1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM distinct_group_1)
+  UNION ALL
+(SELECT * FROM distinct_group_1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM distinct_hash_1);
+
+DROP TABLE distinct_hash_1;
+DROP TABLE distinct_hash_2;
+DROP TABLE distinct_group_1;
+DROP TABLE distinct_group_2;
+
+-- Test parallel DISTINCT
+SET parallel_tuple_cost=0;
+SET parallel_setup_cost=0;
+SET min_parallel_table_scan_size=0;
+SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather=2;
+
+-- Ensure we get a parallel plan
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+SELECT DISTINCT four FROM tenk1;
+
+-- Ensure the parallel plan produces the correct results
+SELECT DISTINCT four FROM tenk1;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION distinct_func(a INT) RETURNS INT AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN a;
+  END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql PARALLEL UNSAFE;
+
+-- Ensure we don't do parallel distinct with a parallel unsafe function
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT DISTINCT distinct_func(1) FROM tenk1;
+
+-- make the function parallel safe
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION distinct_func(a INT) RETURNS INT AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN a;
+  END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+-- Ensure we do parallel distinct now that the function is parallel safe
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT DISTINCT distinct_func(1) FROM tenk1;
+
+RESET max_parallel_workers_per_gather;
+RESET min_parallel_table_scan_size;
+RESET parallel_setup_cost;
+RESET parallel_tuple_cost;
+
+--
+-- Also, some tests of IS DISTINCT FROM, which doesn't quite deserve its
+-- very own regression file.
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE disttable (f1 integer);
+INSERT INTO DISTTABLE VALUES(1);
+INSERT INTO DISTTABLE VALUES(2);
+INSERT INTO DISTTABLE VALUES(3);
+INSERT INTO DISTTABLE VALUES(NULL);
+
+-- basic cases
+SELECT f1, f1 IS DISTINCT FROM 2 as "not 2" FROM disttable;
+SELECT f1, f1 IS DISTINCT FROM NULL as "not null" FROM disttable;
+SELECT f1, f1 IS DISTINCT FROM f1 as "false" FROM disttable;
+SELECT f1, f1 IS DISTINCT FROM f1+1 as "not null" FROM disttable;
+
+-- check that optimizer constant-folds it properly
+SELECT 1 IS DISTINCT FROM 2 as "yes";
+SELECT 2 IS DISTINCT FROM 2 as "no";
+SELECT 2 IS DISTINCT FROM null as "yes";
+SELECT null IS DISTINCT FROM null as "no";
+
+-- negated form
+SELECT 1 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM 2 as "no";
+SELECT 2 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM 2 as "yes";
+SELECT 2 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM null as "no";
+SELECT null IS NOT DISTINCT FROM null as "yes";
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/select_distinct_on.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/select_distinct_on.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0920bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/select_distinct_on.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_DISTINCT_ON
+--
+
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (string4) string4, two, ten
+   FROM onek
+   ORDER BY string4 using <, two using >, ten using <;
+
+-- this will fail due to conflict of ordering requirements
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (string4, ten) string4, two, ten
+   FROM onek
+   ORDER BY string4 using <, two using <, ten using <;
+
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (string4, ten) string4, ten, two
+   FROM onek
+   ORDER BY string4 using <, ten using >, two using <;
+
+-- bug #5049: early 8.4.x chokes on volatile DISTINCT ON clauses
+select distinct on (1) floor(random()) as r, f1 from int4_tbl order by 1,2;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/select_having.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/select_having.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc0cdc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/select_having.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_HAVING
+--
+
+-- load test data
+CREATE TABLE test_having (a int, b int, c char(8), d char);
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (0, 1, 'XXXX', 'A');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (1, 2, 'AAAA', 'b');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (2, 2, 'AAAA', 'c');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (3, 3, 'BBBB', 'D');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (4, 3, 'BBBB', 'e');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (5, 3, 'bbbb', 'F');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (6, 4, 'cccc', 'g');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (7, 4, 'cccc', 'h');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (8, 4, 'CCCC', 'I');
+INSERT INTO test_having VALUES (9, 4, 'CCCC', 'j');
+
+SELECT b, c FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY b, c HAVING count(*) = 1 ORDER BY b, c;
+
+-- HAVING is effectively equivalent to WHERE in this case
+SELECT b, c FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY b, c HAVING b = 3 ORDER BY b, c;
+
+SELECT lower(c), count(c) FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY lower(c) HAVING count(*) > 2 OR min(a) = max(a)
+	ORDER BY lower(c);
+
+SELECT c, max(a) FROM test_having
+	GROUP BY c HAVING count(*) > 2 OR min(a) = max(a)
+	ORDER BY c;
+
+-- test degenerate cases involving HAVING without GROUP BY
+-- Per SQL spec, these should generate 0 or 1 row, even without aggregates
+
+SELECT min(a), max(a) FROM test_having HAVING min(a) = max(a);
+SELECT min(a), max(a) FROM test_having HAVING min(a) < max(a);
+
+-- errors: ungrouped column references
+SELECT a FROM test_having HAVING min(a) < max(a);
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING a > 1;
+
+-- the really degenerate case: need not scan table at all
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING 1 > 2;
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having HAVING 1 < 2;
+
+-- and just to prove that we aren't scanning the table:
+SELECT 1 AS one FROM test_having WHERE 1/a = 1 HAVING 1 < 2;
+
+DROP TABLE test_having;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/select_implicit.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/select_implicit.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de3aef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/select_implicit.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_IMPLICIT
+-- Test cases for queries with ordering terms missing from the target list.
+-- This used to be called "junkfilter.sql".
+-- The parser uses the term "resjunk" to handle these cases.
+-- - thomas 1998-07-09
+--
+
+-- load test data
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target (a int, b int, c char(8), d char);
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (0, 1, 'XXXX', 'A');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (1, 2, 'ABAB', 'b');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (2, 2, 'ABAB', 'c');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (3, 3, 'BBBB', 'D');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (4, 3, 'BBBB', 'e');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (5, 3, 'bbbb', 'F');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (6, 4, 'cccc', 'g');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (7, 4, 'cccc', 'h');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (8, 4, 'CCCC', 'I');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (9, 4, 'CCCC', 'j');
+
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY test_missing_target.c ORDER BY c;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY test_missing_target.c ORDER BY c;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing a different ORDER BY target
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing same ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in target
+SELECT test_missing_target.b, count(*)
+  FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT c FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY a;
+
+--   w/o existing ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b desc;
+
+--   group using reference number
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY 1 desc;
+
+--   order using reference number
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1;
+
+--   group using reference number out of range
+--   failure expected
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 3;
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY and ORDER BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+
+--   order w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a, a FROM test_missing_target
+	ORDER BY a;
+
+--   order expression w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target
+	ORDER BY a/2;
+
+--   group expression w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target
+	GROUP BY a/2 ORDER BY a/2;
+
+--   group w/ existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT x.b, count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   into a table
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target2 AS
+SELECT count(*)
+FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+SELECT * FROM test_missing_target2;
+
+
+--  Functions and expressions
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT a%2, count(b) FROM test_missing_target
+GROUP BY test_missing_target.a%2
+ORDER BY test_missing_target.a%2;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT count(c) FROM test_missing_target
+GROUP BY lower(test_missing_target.c)
+ORDER BY lower(test_missing_target.c);
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing a different ORDER BY target
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(a) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing same ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in target
+SELECT lower(test_missing_target.c), count(c)
+  FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY lower(c) ORDER BY lower(c);
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT a FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY upper(d);
+
+--   w/o existing ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target
+	GROUP BY (b + 1) / 2 ORDER BY (b + 1) / 2 desc;
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY and ORDER BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(x.a) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+
+--   group w/ existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT x.b/2, count(x.b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2 ORDER BY x.b/2;
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected due to ambiguous b in count(b)
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2;
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   into a table
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target3 AS
+SELECT count(x.b)
+FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2 ORDER BY x.b/2;
+SELECT * FROM test_missing_target3;
+
+--   Cleanup
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target;
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target2;
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target3;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/select_into.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/select_into.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..689c448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/select_into.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_INTO
+--
+
+SELECT *
+   INTO TABLE sitmp1
+   FROM onek
+   WHERE onek.unique1 < 2;
+
+DROP TABLE sitmp1;
+
+SELECT *
+   INTO TABLE sitmp1
+   FROM onek2
+   WHERE onek2.unique1 < 2;
+
+DROP TABLE sitmp1;
+
+--
+-- SELECT INTO and INSERT permission, if owner is not allowed to insert.
+--
+CREATE SCHEMA selinto_schema;
+CREATE USER regress_selinto_user;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_selinto_user
+	  REVOKE INSERT ON TABLES FROM regress_selinto_user;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA selinto_schema TO public;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_selinto_user;
+-- WITH DATA, passes.
+CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_withdata1 (a)
+  AS SELECT generate_series(1,3) WITH DATA;
+INSERT INTO selinto_schema.tbl_withdata1 VALUES (4);
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_withdata2 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1,3) WITH DATA;
+-- WITH NO DATA, passes.
+CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_nodata1 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1,3) WITH NO DATA;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_nodata2 (a) AS
+  SELECT generate_series(1,3) WITH NO DATA;
+-- EXECUTE and WITH DATA, passes.
+PREPARE data_sel AS SELECT generate_series(1,3);
+CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_withdata3 (a) AS
+  EXECUTE data_sel WITH DATA;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_withdata4 (a) AS
+  EXECUTE data_sel WITH DATA;
+-- EXECUTE and WITH NO DATA, passes.
+CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_nodata3 (a) AS
+  EXECUTE data_sel WITH NO DATA;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE selinto_schema.tbl_nodata4 (a) AS
+  EXECUTE data_sel WITH NO DATA;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE regress_selinto_user
+	  GRANT INSERT ON TABLES TO regress_selinto_user;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_selinto_user;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DEALLOCATE data_sel;
+DROP SCHEMA selinto_schema CASCADE;
+DROP USER regress_selinto_user;
+
+-- Tests for WITH NO DATA and column name consistency
+CREATE TABLE ctas_base (i int, j int);
+INSERT INTO ctas_base VALUES (1, 2);
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata (ii, jj, kk) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base; -- Error
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata (ii, jj, kk) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base WITH NO DATA; -- Error
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata (ii, jj) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base; -- OK
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata_2 (ii, jj) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base WITH NO DATA; -- OK
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata_3 (ii) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base; -- OK
+CREATE TABLE ctas_nodata_4 (ii) AS SELECT i, j FROM ctas_base WITH NO DATA; -- OK
+SELECT * FROM ctas_nodata;
+SELECT * FROM ctas_nodata_2;
+SELECT * FROM ctas_nodata_3;
+SELECT * FROM ctas_nodata_4;
+DROP TABLE ctas_base;
+DROP TABLE ctas_nodata;
+DROP TABLE ctas_nodata_2;
+DROP TABLE ctas_nodata_3;
+DROP TABLE ctas_nodata_4;
+
+--
+-- CREATE TABLE AS/SELECT INTO as last command in a SQL function
+-- have been known to cause problems
+--
+CREATE FUNCTION make_table() RETURNS VOID
+AS $$
+  CREATE TABLE created_table AS SELECT * FROM int8_tbl;
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+
+SELECT make_table();
+
+SELECT * FROM created_table;
+
+-- Try EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT INTO and EXPLAIN ANALYZE CREATE TABLE AS
+-- WITH NO DATA, but hide the outputs since they won't be stable.
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+	EXECUTE 'EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * INTO TABLE easi FROM int8_tbl';
+	EXECUTE 'EXPLAIN ANALYZE CREATE TABLE easi2 AS SELECT * FROM int8_tbl WITH NO DATA';
+END$$;
+
+DROP TABLE created_table;
+DROP TABLE easi, easi2;
+
+--
+-- Disallowed uses of SELECT ... INTO.  All should fail
+--
+DECLARE foo CURSOR FOR SELECT 1 INTO int4_tbl;
+COPY (SELECT 1 INTO frak UNION SELECT 2) TO 'blob';
+SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1 INTO f) bar;
+CREATE VIEW foo AS SELECT 1 INTO int4_tbl;
+INSERT INTO int4_tbl SELECT 1 INTO f;
+
+-- Test CREATE TABLE AS ... IF NOT EXISTS
+CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1;
+CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0; -- error
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0; -- ok
+CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- error
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0; -- error
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0; -- ok
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- error
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ctas_ine_tbl AS SELECT 1 / 0 WITH NO DATA; -- ok
+PREPARE ctas_ine_query AS SELECT 1 / 0;
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE ctas_ine_tbl AS EXECUTE ctas_ine_query; -- error
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ctas_ine_tbl AS EXECUTE ctas_ine_query; -- ok
+DROP TABLE ctas_ine_tbl;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/select_parallel.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/select_parallel.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62fb68c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/select_parallel.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+--
+-- PARALLEL
+--
+
+create function sp_parallel_restricted(int) returns int as
+  $$begin return $1; end$$ language plpgsql parallel restricted;
+
+begin;
+
+-- encourage use of parallel plans
+set parallel_setup_cost=0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost=0;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size=0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather=4;
+
+-- Parallel Append with partial-subplans
+explain (costs off)
+  select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star;
+select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star a1;
+
+-- Parallel Append with both partial and non-partial subplans
+alter table c_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+alter table d_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+explain (costs off)
+  select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star;
+select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star a2;
+
+-- Parallel Append with only non-partial subplans
+alter table a_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+alter table b_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+alter table e_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+alter table f_star set (parallel_workers = 0);
+explain (costs off)
+  select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star;
+select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star a3;
+
+-- Disable Parallel Append
+alter table a_star reset (parallel_workers);
+alter table b_star reset (parallel_workers);
+alter table c_star reset (parallel_workers);
+alter table d_star reset (parallel_workers);
+alter table e_star reset (parallel_workers);
+alter table f_star reset (parallel_workers);
+set enable_parallel_append to off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star;
+select round(avg(aa)), sum(aa) from a_star a4;
+reset enable_parallel_append;
+
+-- Parallel Append that runs serially
+create function sp_test_func() returns setof text as
+$$ select 'foo'::varchar union all select 'bar'::varchar $$
+language sql stable;
+select sp_test_func() order by 1;
+
+-- Parallel Append is not to be used when the subpath depends on the outer param
+create table part_pa_test(a int, b int) partition by range(a);
+create table part_pa_test_p1 partition of part_pa_test for values from (minvalue) to (0);
+create table part_pa_test_p2 partition of part_pa_test for values from (0) to (maxvalue);
+explain (costs off)
+	select (select max((select pa1.b from part_pa_test pa1 where pa1.a = pa2.a)))
+	from part_pa_test pa2;
+drop table part_pa_test;
+
+-- test with leader participation disabled
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 where stringu1 = 'GRAAAA';
+select count(*) from tenk1 where stringu1 = 'GRAAAA';
+
+-- test with leader participation disabled, but no workers available (so
+-- the leader will have to run the plan despite the setting)
+set max_parallel_workers = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 where stringu1 = 'GRAAAA';
+select count(*) from tenk1 where stringu1 = 'GRAAAA';
+
+reset max_parallel_workers;
+reset parallel_leader_participation;
+
+-- test that parallel_restricted function doesn't run in worker
+alter table tenk1 set (parallel_workers = 4);
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select sp_parallel_restricted(unique1) from tenk1
+  where stringu1 = 'GRAAAA' order by 1;
+
+-- test parallel plan when group by expression is in target list.
+explain (costs off)
+	select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+
+explain (costs off)
+	select stringu1, count(*) from tenk1 group by stringu1 order by stringu1;
+
+-- test that parallel plan for aggregates is not selected when
+-- target list contains parallel restricted clause.
+explain (costs off)
+	select  sum(sp_parallel_restricted(unique1)) from tenk1
+	group by(sp_parallel_restricted(unique1));
+
+-- test prepared statement
+prepare tenk1_count(integer) As select  count((unique1)) from tenk1 where hundred > $1;
+explain (costs off) execute tenk1_count(1);
+execute tenk1_count(1);
+deallocate tenk1_count;
+
+-- test parallel plans for queries containing un-correlated subplans.
+alter table tenk2 set (parallel_workers = 0);
+explain (costs off)
+	select count(*) from tenk1 where (two, four) not in
+	(select hundred, thousand from tenk2 where thousand > 100);
+select count(*) from tenk1 where (two, four) not in
+	(select hundred, thousand from tenk2 where thousand > 100);
+-- this is not parallel-safe due to use of random() within SubLink's testexpr:
+explain (costs off)
+	select * from tenk1 where (unique1 + random())::integer not in
+	(select ten from tenk2);
+alter table tenk2 reset (parallel_workers);
+
+-- test parallel plan for a query containing initplan.
+set enable_indexscan = off;
+set enable_indexonlyscan = off;
+set enable_bitmapscan = off;
+alter table tenk2 set (parallel_workers = 2);
+
+explain (costs off)
+	select count(*) from tenk1
+        where tenk1.unique1 = (Select max(tenk2.unique1) from tenk2);
+select count(*) from tenk1
+    where tenk1.unique1 = (Select max(tenk2.unique1) from tenk2);
+
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset enable_indexonlyscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+alter table tenk2 reset (parallel_workers);
+
+-- test parallel index scans.
+set enable_seqscan to off;
+set enable_bitmapscan to off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+	select  count((unique1)) from tenk1 where hundred > 1;
+select  count((unique1)) from tenk1 where hundred > 1;
+
+-- test parallel index-only scans.
+explain (costs off)
+	select  count(*) from tenk1 where thousand > 95;
+select  count(*) from tenk1 where thousand > 95;
+
+-- test rescan cases too
+set enable_material = false;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select count(unique1) from tenk1 where hundred > 10) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+select * from
+  (select count(unique1) from tenk1 where hundred > 10) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select count(*) from tenk1 where thousand > 99) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+select * from
+  (select count(*) from tenk1 where thousand > 99) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+
+-- test rescans for a Limit node with a parallel node beneath it.
+reset enable_seqscan;
+set enable_indexonlyscan to off;
+set enable_indexscan to off;
+alter table tenk1 set (parallel_workers = 0);
+alter table tenk2 set (parallel_workers = 1);
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from tenk1
+  left join (select tenk2.unique1 from tenk2 order by 1 limit 1000) ss
+  on tenk1.unique1 < ss.unique1 + 1
+  where tenk1.unique1 < 2;
+select count(*) from tenk1
+  left join (select tenk2.unique1 from tenk2 order by 1 limit 1000) ss
+  on tenk1.unique1 < ss.unique1 + 1
+  where tenk1.unique1 < 2;
+--reset the value of workers for each table as it was before this test.
+alter table tenk1 set (parallel_workers = 4);
+alter table tenk2 reset (parallel_workers);
+
+reset enable_material;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+reset enable_indexonlyscan;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+
+-- test parallel bitmap heap scan.
+set enable_seqscan to off;
+set enable_indexscan to off;
+set enable_hashjoin to off;
+set enable_mergejoin to off;
+set enable_material to off;
+-- test prefetching, if the platform allows it
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+ SET effective_io_concurrency = 50;
+EXCEPTION WHEN invalid_parameter_value THEN
+END $$;
+set work_mem='64kB';  --set small work mem to force lossy pages
+explain (costs off)
+	select count(*) from tenk1, tenk2 where tenk1.hundred > 1 and tenk2.thousand=0;
+select count(*) from tenk1, tenk2 where tenk1.hundred > 1 and tenk2.thousand=0;
+
+create table bmscantest (a int, t text);
+insert into bmscantest select r, 'fooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo' FROM generate_series(1,100000) r;
+create index i_bmtest ON bmscantest(a);
+select count(*) from bmscantest where a>1;
+
+-- test accumulation of stats for parallel nodes
+reset enable_seqscan;
+alter table tenk2 set (parallel_workers = 0);
+explain (analyze, timing off, summary off, costs off)
+   select count(*) from tenk1, tenk2 where tenk1.hundred > 1
+        and tenk2.thousand=0;
+alter table tenk2 reset (parallel_workers);
+
+reset work_mem;
+create function explain_parallel_sort_stats() returns setof text
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in
+        explain (analyze, timing off, summary off, costs off)
+          select * from
+          (select ten from tenk1 where ten < 100 order by ten) ss
+          right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true
+    loop
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Memory: \S*',  'Memory: xxx');
+        return next ln;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+select * from explain_parallel_sort_stats();
+
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_mergejoin;
+reset enable_material;
+reset effective_io_concurrency;
+drop table bmscantest;
+drop function explain_parallel_sort_stats();
+
+-- test parallel merge join path.
+set enable_hashjoin to off;
+set enable_nestloop to off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+	select  count(*) from tenk1, tenk2 where tenk1.unique1 = tenk2.unique1;
+select  count(*) from tenk1, tenk2 where tenk1.unique1 = tenk2.unique1;
+
+reset enable_hashjoin;
+reset enable_nestloop;
+
+-- test gather merge
+set enable_hashagg = false;
+
+explain (costs off)
+   select count(*) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+
+--test expressions in targetlist are pushed down for gather merge
+create function sp_simple_func(var1 integer) returns integer
+as $$
+begin
+        return var1 + 10;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+explain (costs off, verbose)
+    select ten, sp_simple_func(ten) from tenk1 where ten < 100 order by ten;
+
+drop function sp_simple_func(integer);
+
+-- test handling of SRFs in targetlist (bug in 10.0)
+
+explain (costs off)
+   select count(*), generate_series(1,2) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+
+select count(*), generate_series(1,2) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+
+-- test gather merge with parallel leader participation disabled
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+   select count(*) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+
+select count(*) from tenk1 group by twenty;
+
+reset parallel_leader_participation;
+
+--test rescan behavior of gather merge
+set enable_material = false;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select string4, count(unique2)
+   from tenk1 group by string4 order by string4) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+
+select * from
+  (select string4, count(unique2)
+   from tenk1 group by string4 order by string4) ss
+  right join (values (1),(2),(3)) v(x) on true;
+
+reset enable_material;
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+
+-- check parallelized int8 aggregate (bug #14897)
+explain (costs off)
+select avg(unique1::int8) from tenk1;
+
+select avg(unique1::int8) from tenk1;
+
+-- gather merge test with a LIMIT
+explain (costs off)
+  select fivethous from tenk1 order by fivethous limit 4;
+
+select fivethous from tenk1 order by fivethous limit 4;
+
+-- gather merge test with 0 worker
+set max_parallel_workers = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+   select string4 from tenk1 order by string4 limit 5;
+select string4 from tenk1 order by string4 limit 5;
+
+-- gather merge test with 0 workers, with parallel leader
+-- participation disabled (the leader will have to run the plan
+-- despite the setting)
+set parallel_leader_participation = off;
+explain (costs off)
+   select string4 from tenk1 order by string4 limit 5;
+select string4 from tenk1 order by string4 limit 5;
+
+reset parallel_leader_participation;
+reset max_parallel_workers;
+
+SAVEPOINT settings;
+SET LOCAL force_parallel_mode = 1;
+explain (costs off)
+  select stringu1::int2 from tenk1 where unique1 = 1;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT settings;
+
+-- exercise record typmod remapping between backends
+CREATE FUNCTION make_record(n int)
+  RETURNS RECORD LANGUAGE plpgsql PARALLEL SAFE AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  RETURN CASE n
+           WHEN 1 THEN ROW(1)
+           WHEN 2 THEN ROW(1, 2)
+           WHEN 3 THEN ROW(1, 2, 3)
+           WHEN 4 THEN ROW(1, 2, 3, 4)
+           ELSE ROW(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+         END;
+END;
+$$;
+SAVEPOINT settings;
+SET LOCAL force_parallel_mode = 1;
+SELECT make_record(x) FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 5) x) ss ORDER BY x;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT settings;
+DROP function make_record(n int);
+
+-- test the sanity of parallel query after the active role is dropped.
+drop role if exists regress_parallel_worker;
+create role regress_parallel_worker;
+set role regress_parallel_worker;
+reset session authorization;
+drop role regress_parallel_worker;
+set force_parallel_mode = 1;
+select count(*) from tenk1;
+reset force_parallel_mode;
+reset role;
+
+-- Window function calculation can't be pushed to workers.
+explain (costs off, verbose)
+  select count(*) from tenk1 a where (unique1, two) in
+    (select unique1, row_number() over() from tenk1 b);
+
+
+-- LIMIT/OFFSET within sub-selects can't be pushed to workers.
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from tenk1 a where two in
+    (select two from tenk1 b where stringu1 like '%AAAA' limit 3);
+
+-- to increase the parallel query test coverage
+SAVEPOINT settings;
+SET LOCAL force_parallel_mode = 1;
+EXPLAIN (analyze, timing off, summary off, costs off) SELECT * FROM tenk1;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT settings;
+
+-- provoke error in worker
+-- (make the error message long enough to require multiple bufferloads)
+SAVEPOINT settings;
+SET LOCAL force_parallel_mode = 1;
+select (stringu1 || repeat('abcd', 5000))::int2 from tenk1 where unique1 = 1;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT settings;
+
+-- test interaction with set-returning functions
+SAVEPOINT settings;
+
+-- multiple subqueries under a single Gather node
+-- must set parallel_setup_cost > 0 to discourage multiple Gather nodes
+SET LOCAL parallel_setup_cost = 10;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous = tenthous + 1
+UNION ALL
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous = tenthous + 1;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT settings;
+
+-- can't use multiple subqueries under a single Gather node due to initPlans
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous =
+	(SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous = 1 LIMIT 1)
+UNION ALL
+SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous =
+	(SELECT unique2 FROM tenk1 WHERE fivethous = 1 LIMIT 1)
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- test interaction with SRFs
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.foreign_data_wrapper_options
+ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT generate_series(1, two), array(select generate_series(1, two))
+  FROM tenk1 ORDER BY tenthous;
+
+-- must disallow pushing sort below gather when pathkey contains an SRF
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT unnest(ARRAY[]::integer[]) + 1 AS pathkey
+  FROM tenk1 t1 JOIN tenk1 t2 ON TRUE
+  ORDER BY pathkey;
+
+-- test passing expanded-value representations to workers
+CREATE FUNCTION make_some_array(int,int) returns int[] as
+$$declare x int[];
+  begin
+    x[1] := $1;
+    x[2] := $2;
+    return x;
+  end$$ language plpgsql parallel safe;
+CREATE TABLE fooarr(f1 text, f2 int[], f3 text);
+INSERT INTO fooarr VALUES('1', ARRAY[1,2], 'one');
+
+PREPARE pstmt(text, int[]) AS SELECT * FROM fooarr WHERE f1 = $1 AND f2 = $2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE pstmt('1', make_some_array(1,2));
+EXECUTE pstmt('1', make_some_array(1,2));
+DEALLOCATE pstmt;
+
+-- test interaction between subquery and partial_paths
+CREATE VIEW tenk1_vw_sec WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM tenk1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT 1 FROM tenk1_vw_sec
+  WHERE (SELECT sum(f1) FROM int4_tbl WHERE f1 < unique1) < 100;
+
+rollback;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/select_views.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/select_views.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e742f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/select_views.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+--
+-- SELECT_VIEWS
+-- test the views defined in CREATE_VIEWS
+--
+
+SELECT * FROM street;
+
+SELECT name, #thepath FROM iexit ORDER BY name COLLATE "C", 2;
+
+SELECT * FROM toyemp WHERE name = 'sharon';
+
+--
+-- Test for Leaky view scenario
+--
+CREATE ROLE regress_alice;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION f_leak (text)
+       RETURNS bool LANGUAGE 'plpgsql' COST 0.0000001
+       AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''f_leak => %'', $1; RETURN true; END';
+
+CREATE TABLE customer (
+       cid      int primary key,
+       name     text not null,
+       tel      text,
+       passwd	text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE credit_card (
+       cid      int references customer(cid),
+       cnum     text,
+       climit   int
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE credit_usage (
+       cid      int references customer(cid),
+       ymd      date,
+       usage    int
+);
+
+INSERT INTO customer
+       VALUES (101, 'regress_alice', '+81-12-3456-7890', 'passwd123'),
+              (102, 'regress_bob',   '+01-234-567-8901', 'beafsteak'),
+              (103, 'regress_eve',   '+49-8765-43210',   'hamburger');
+INSERT INTO credit_card
+       VALUES (101, '1111-2222-3333-4444', 4000),
+              (102, '5555-6666-7777-8888', 3000),
+              (103, '9801-2345-6789-0123', 2000);
+INSERT INTO credit_usage
+       VALUES (101, '2011-09-15', 120),
+	      (101, '2011-10-05',  90),
+	      (101, '2011-10-18', 110),
+	      (101, '2011-10-21', 200),
+	      (101, '2011-11-10',  80),
+	      (102, '2011-09-22', 300),
+	      (102, '2011-10-12', 120),
+	      (102, '2011-10-28', 200),
+	      (103, '2011-10-15', 480);
+
+CREATE VIEW my_property_normal AS
+       SELECT * FROM customer WHERE name = current_user;
+CREATE VIEW my_property_secure WITH (security_barrier) AS
+       SELECT * FROM customer WHERE name = current_user;
+
+CREATE VIEW my_credit_card_normal AS
+       SELECT * FROM customer l NATURAL JOIN credit_card r
+       WHERE l.name = current_user;
+CREATE VIEW my_credit_card_secure WITH (security_barrier) AS
+       SELECT * FROM customer l NATURAL JOIN credit_card r
+       WHERE l.name = current_user;
+
+CREATE VIEW my_credit_card_usage_normal AS
+       SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_secure l NATURAL JOIN credit_usage r;
+CREATE VIEW my_credit_card_usage_secure WITH (security_barrier) AS
+       SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_secure l NATURAL JOIN credit_usage r;
+
+GRANT SELECT ON my_property_normal TO public;
+GRANT SELECT ON my_property_secure TO public;
+GRANT SELECT ON my_credit_card_normal TO public;
+GRANT SELECT ON my_credit_card_secure TO public;
+GRANT SELECT ON my_credit_card_usage_normal TO public;
+GRANT SELECT ON my_credit_card_usage_secure TO public;
+
+--
+-- Run leaky view scenarios
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alice;
+
+--
+-- scenario: if a qualifier with tiny-cost is given, it shall be launched
+--           prior to the security policy of the view.
+--
+SELECT * FROM my_property_normal WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_property_normal WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+
+SELECT * FROM my_property_secure WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_property_secure WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+
+--
+-- scenario: qualifiers can be pushed down if they contain leaky functions,
+--           provided they aren't passed data from inside the view.
+--
+SELECT * FROM my_property_normal v
+		WHERE f_leak('passwd') AND f_leak(passwd);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_property_normal v
+		WHERE f_leak('passwd') AND f_leak(passwd);
+
+SELECT * FROM my_property_secure v
+		WHERE f_leak('passwd') AND f_leak(passwd);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_property_secure v
+		WHERE f_leak('passwd') AND f_leak(passwd);
+
+--
+-- scenario: if a qualifier references only one-side of a particular join-
+--           tree, it shall be distributed to the most deep scan plan as
+--           possible as we can.
+--
+SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_normal WHERE f_leak(cnum);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_normal WHERE f_leak(cnum);
+
+SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_secure WHERE f_leak(cnum);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_secure WHERE f_leak(cnum);
+
+--
+-- scenario: an external qualifier can be pushed-down by in-front-of the
+--           views with "security_barrier" attribute, except for operators
+--           implemented with leakproof functions.
+--
+SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_usage_normal
+       WHERE f_leak(cnum) AND ymd >= '2011-10-01' AND ymd < '2011-11-01';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_usage_normal
+       WHERE f_leak(cnum) AND ymd >= '2011-10-01' AND ymd < '2011-11-01';
+
+SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_usage_secure
+       WHERE f_leak(cnum) AND ymd >= '2011-10-01' AND ymd < '2011-11-01';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM my_credit_card_usage_secure
+       WHERE f_leak(cnum) AND ymd >= '2011-10-01' AND ymd < '2011-11-01';
+
+--
+-- Test for the case when security_barrier gets changed between rewriter
+-- and planner stage.
+--
+PREPARE p1 AS SELECT * FROM my_property_normal WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+PREPARE p2 AS SELECT * FROM my_property_secure WHERE f_leak(passwd);
+EXECUTE p1;
+EXECUTE p2;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+ALTER VIEW my_property_normal SET (security_barrier=true);
+ALTER VIEW my_property_secure SET (security_barrier=false);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_alice;
+EXECUTE p1;		-- To be perform as a view with security-barrier
+EXECUTE p2;		-- To be perform as a view without security-barrier
+
+-- Cleanup.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP ROLE regress_alice;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/sequence.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/sequence.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..674f5f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/sequence.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+--
+-- CREATE SEQUENCE
+--
+
+-- various error cases
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx INCREMENT BY 0;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx INCREMENT BY -1 MINVALUE 20;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx INCREMENT BY 1 MAXVALUE -20;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx INCREMENT BY -1 START 10;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx INCREMENT BY 1 START -10;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx CACHE 0;
+
+-- OWNED BY errors
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx OWNED BY nobody;  -- nonsense word
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx OWNED BY pg_class_oid_index.oid;  -- not a table
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx OWNED BY pg_class.relname;  -- not same schema
+CREATE TABLE sequence_test_table (a int);
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx OWNED BY sequence_test_table.b;  -- wrong column
+DROP TABLE sequence_test_table;
+
+-- sequence data types
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test5 AS integer;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test6 AS smallint;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test7 AS bigint;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test8 AS integer MAXVALUE 100000;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test9 AS integer INCREMENT BY -1;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test10 AS integer MINVALUE -100000 START 1;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test11 AS smallint;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test12 AS smallint INCREMENT -1;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test13 AS smallint MINVALUE -32768;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test14 AS smallint MAXVALUE 32767 INCREMENT -1;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx AS text;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx AS nosuchtype;
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx AS smallint MAXVALUE 100000;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_testx AS smallint MINVALUE -100000;
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test5 AS smallint;  -- success, max will be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test8 AS smallint;  -- fail, max has to be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test8 AS smallint MAXVALUE 20000;  -- ok now
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test9 AS smallint;  -- success, min will be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test10 AS smallint;  -- fail, min has to be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test10 AS smallint MINVALUE -20000;  -- ok now
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test11 AS int;  -- max will be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test12 AS int;  -- min will be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test13 AS int;  -- min and max will be adjusted
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test14 AS int;  -- min and max will be adjusted
+
+---
+--- test creation of SERIAL column
+---
+
+CREATE TABLE serialTest1 (f1 text, f2 serial);
+
+INSERT INTO serialTest1 VALUES ('foo');
+INSERT INTO serialTest1 VALUES ('bar');
+INSERT INTO serialTest1 VALUES ('force', 100);
+INSERT INTO serialTest1 VALUES ('wrong', NULL);
+
+SELECT * FROM serialTest1;
+
+SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence('serialTest1', 'f2');
+
+-- test smallserial / bigserial
+CREATE TABLE serialTest2 (f1 text, f2 serial, f3 smallserial, f4 serial2,
+  f5 bigserial, f6 serial8);
+
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1)
+  VALUES ('test_defaults');
+
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6)
+  VALUES ('test_max_vals', 2147483647, 32767, 32767, 9223372036854775807,
+          9223372036854775807),
+         ('test_min_vals', -2147483648, -32768, -32768, -9223372036854775808,
+          -9223372036854775808);
+
+-- All these INSERTs should fail:
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f3)
+  VALUES ('bogus', -32769);
+
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f4)
+  VALUES ('bogus', -32769);
+
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f3)
+  VALUES ('bogus', 32768);
+
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f4)
+  VALUES ('bogus', 32768);
+
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f5)
+  VALUES ('bogus', -9223372036854775809);
+
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f6)
+  VALUES ('bogus', -9223372036854775809);
+
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f5)
+  VALUES ('bogus', 9223372036854775808);
+
+INSERT INTO serialTest2 (f1, f6)
+  VALUES ('bogus', 9223372036854775808);
+
+SELECT * FROM serialTest2 ORDER BY f2 ASC;
+
+SELECT nextval('serialTest2_f2_seq');
+SELECT nextval('serialTest2_f3_seq');
+SELECT nextval('serialTest2_f4_seq');
+SELECT nextval('serialTest2_f5_seq');
+SELECT nextval('serialTest2_f6_seq');
+
+-- basic sequence operations using both text and oid references
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test;
+CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS sequence_test;
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::text);
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::regclass);
+SELECT currval('sequence_test'::text);
+SELECT currval('sequence_test'::regclass);
+SELECT setval('sequence_test'::text, 32);
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::regclass);
+SELECT setval('sequence_test'::text, 99, false);
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::regclass);
+SELECT setval('sequence_test'::regclass, 32);
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::text);
+SELECT setval('sequence_test'::regclass, 99, false);
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test'::text);
+DISCARD SEQUENCES;
+SELECT currval('sequence_test'::regclass);
+
+DROP SEQUENCE sequence_test;
+
+-- renaming sequences
+CREATE SEQUENCE foo_seq;
+ALTER TABLE foo_seq RENAME TO foo_seq_new;
+SELECT * FROM foo_seq_new;
+SELECT nextval('foo_seq_new');
+SELECT nextval('foo_seq_new');
+-- log_cnt can be higher if there is a checkpoint just at the right
+-- time, so just test for the expected range
+SELECT last_value, log_cnt IN (31, 32) AS log_cnt_ok, is_called FROM foo_seq_new;
+DROP SEQUENCE foo_seq_new;
+
+-- renaming serial sequences
+ALTER TABLE serialtest1_f2_seq RENAME TO serialtest1_f2_foo;
+INSERT INTO serialTest1 VALUES ('more');
+SELECT * FROM serialTest1;
+
+--
+-- Check dependencies of serial and ordinary sequences
+--
+CREATE TEMP SEQUENCE myseq2;
+CREATE TEMP SEQUENCE myseq3;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t1 (
+  f1 serial,
+  f2 int DEFAULT nextval('myseq2'),
+  f3 int DEFAULT nextval('myseq3'::text)
+);
+-- Both drops should fail, but with different error messages:
+DROP SEQUENCE t1_f1_seq;
+DROP SEQUENCE myseq2;
+-- This however will work:
+DROP SEQUENCE myseq3;
+DROP TABLE t1;
+-- Fails because no longer existent:
+DROP SEQUENCE t1_f1_seq;
+-- Now OK:
+DROP SEQUENCE myseq2;
+
+--
+-- Alter sequence
+--
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE IF EXISTS sequence_test2 RESTART WITH 24
+  INCREMENT BY 4 MAXVALUE 36 MINVALUE 5 CYCLE;
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE serialTest1 CYCLE;  -- error, not a sequence
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test2 START WITH 32;
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test4 INCREMENT BY -1;
+
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test4');
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART WITH 0;  -- error
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test4 RESTART WITH 40;  -- error
+
+-- test CYCLE and NO CYCLE
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART WITH 24
+  INCREMENT BY 4 MAXVALUE 36 MINVALUE 5 CYCLE;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');  -- cycled
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART WITH 24
+  NO CYCLE;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');  -- error
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART WITH -24 START WITH -24
+  INCREMENT BY -4 MINVALUE -36 MAXVALUE -5 CYCLE;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');  -- cycled
+
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 RESTART WITH -24
+  NO CYCLE;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');  -- error
+
+-- reset
+ALTER SEQUENCE IF EXISTS sequence_test2 RESTART WITH 32 START WITH 32
+  INCREMENT BY 4 MAXVALUE 36 MINVALUE 5 CYCLE;
+
+SELECT setval('sequence_test2', -100);  -- error
+SELECT setval('sequence_test2', 100);  -- error
+SELECT setval('sequence_test2', 5);
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_test3;  -- not read from, to test is_called
+
+
+-- Information schema
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.sequences
+  WHERE sequence_name ~ ANY(ARRAY['sequence_test', 'serialtest'])
+  ORDER BY sequence_name ASC;
+
+SELECT schemaname, sequencename, start_value, min_value, max_value, increment_by, cycle, cache_size, last_value
+FROM pg_sequences
+WHERE sequencename ~ ANY(ARRAY['sequence_test', 'serialtest'])
+  ORDER BY sequencename ASC;
+
+
+SELECT * FROM pg_sequence_parameters('sequence_test4'::regclass);
+
+
+\d sequence_test4
+\d serialtest2_f2_seq
+
+
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON SEQUENCE asdf IS 'won''t work';
+COMMENT ON SEQUENCE sequence_test2 IS 'will work';
+COMMENT ON SEQUENCE sequence_test2 IS NULL;
+
+-- Test lastval()
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq;
+SELECT nextval('seq');
+SELECT lastval();
+SELECT setval('seq', 99);
+SELECT lastval();
+DISCARD SEQUENCES;
+SELECT lastval();
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq2;
+SELECT nextval('seq2');
+SELECT lastval();
+
+DROP SEQUENCE seq2;
+-- should fail
+SELECT lastval();
+
+-- unlogged sequences
+-- (more tests in src/test/recovery/)
+CREATE UNLOGGED SEQUENCE sequence_test_unlogged;
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test_unlogged SET LOGGED;
+\d sequence_test_unlogged
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test_unlogged SET UNLOGGED;
+\d sequence_test_unlogged
+DROP SEQUENCE sequence_test_unlogged;
+
+-- Test sequences in read-only transactions
+CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE sequence_test_temp1;
+START TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test_temp1');  -- ok
+SELECT nextval('sequence_test2');  -- error
+ROLLBACK;
+START TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+SELECT setval('sequence_test_temp1', 1);  -- ok
+SELECT setval('sequence_test2', 1);  -- error
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- privileges tests
+
+CREATE USER regress_seq_user;
+
+-- nextval
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT SELECT ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT UPDATE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT USAGE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- currval
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT SELECT ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT currval('seq3');
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT UPDATE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT currval('seq3');
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT USAGE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT currval('seq3');
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- lastval
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT SELECT ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT lastval();
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT UPDATE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT lastval();
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+GRANT USAGE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT lastval();
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- setval
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+CREATE SEQUENCE seq3;
+REVOKE ALL ON seq3 FROM regress_seq_user;
+SAVEPOINT save;
+SELECT setval('seq3', 5);
+ROLLBACK TO save;
+GRANT UPDATE ON seq3 TO regress_seq_user;
+SELECT setval('seq3', 5);
+SELECT nextval('seq3');
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- ALTER SEQUENCE
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_seq_user;
+ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_test2 START WITH 1;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- Sequences should get wiped out as well:
+DROP TABLE serialTest1, serialTest2;
+
+-- Make sure sequences are gone:
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.sequences WHERE sequence_name IN
+  ('sequence_test2', 'serialtest2_f2_seq', 'serialtest2_f3_seq',
+   'serialtest2_f4_seq', 'serialtest2_f5_seq', 'serialtest2_f6_seq')
+  ORDER BY sequence_name ASC;
+
+DROP USER regress_seq_user;
+DROP SEQUENCE seq;
+
+-- cache tests
+CREATE SEQUENCE test_seq1 CACHE 10;
+SELECT nextval('test_seq1');
+SELECT nextval('test_seq1');
+SELECT nextval('test_seq1');
+
+DROP SEQUENCE test_seq1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/spgist.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/spgist.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4828ede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/spgist.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+--
+-- Test SP-GiST indexes.
+--
+-- There are other tests to test different SP-GiST opclasses. This is for
+-- testing SP-GiST code itself.
+
+create table spgist_point_tbl(id int4, p point);
+create index spgist_point_idx on spgist_point_tbl using spgist(p) with (fillfactor = 75);
+
+-- Test vacuum-root operation. It gets invoked when the root is also a leaf,
+-- i.e. the index is very small.
+insert into spgist_point_tbl (id, p)
+select g, point(g*10, g*10) from generate_series(1, 10) g;
+delete from spgist_point_tbl where id < 5;
+vacuum spgist_point_tbl;
+
+-- Insert more data, to make the index a few levels deep.
+insert into spgist_point_tbl (id, p)
+select g,      point(g*10, g*10) from generate_series(1, 10000) g;
+insert into spgist_point_tbl (id, p)
+select g+100000, point(g*10+1, g*10+1) from generate_series(1, 10000) g;
+
+-- To test vacuum, delete some entries from all over the index.
+delete from spgist_point_tbl where id % 2 = 1;
+
+-- And also delete some concentration of values. (SP-GiST doesn't currently
+-- attempt to delete pages even when they become empty, but if it did, this
+-- would exercise it)
+delete from spgist_point_tbl where id < 10000;
+
+vacuum spgist_point_tbl;
+
+-- Test rescan paths (cf. bug #15378)
+-- use box and && rather than point, so that rescan happens when the
+-- traverse stack is non-empty
+
+create table spgist_box_tbl(id serial, b box);
+insert into spgist_box_tbl(b)
+select box(point(i,j),point(i+s,j+s))
+  from generate_series(1,100,5) i,
+       generate_series(1,100,5) j,
+       generate_series(1,10) s;
+create index spgist_box_idx on spgist_box_tbl using spgist (b);
+
+select count(*)
+  from (values (point(5,5)),(point(8,8)),(point(12,12))) v(p)
+ where exists(select * from spgist_box_tbl b where b.b && box(v.p,v.p));
+
+-- The point opclass's choose method only uses the spgMatchNode action,
+-- so the other actions are not tested by the above. Create an index using
+-- text opclass, which uses the others actions.
+
+create table spgist_text_tbl(id int4, t text);
+create index spgist_text_idx on spgist_text_tbl using spgist(t);
+
+insert into spgist_text_tbl (id, t)
+select g, 'f' || repeat('o', 100) || g from generate_series(1, 10000) g
+union all
+select g, 'baaaaaaaaaaaaaar' || g from generate_series(1, 1000) g;
+
+-- Do a lot of insertions that have to split an existing node. Hopefully
+-- one of these will cause the page to run out of space, causing the inner
+-- tuple to be moved to another page.
+insert into spgist_text_tbl (id, t)
+select -g, 'f' || repeat('o', 100-g) || 'surprise' from generate_series(1, 100) g;
+
+-- Test out-of-range fillfactor values
+create index spgist_point_idx2 on spgist_point_tbl using spgist(p) with (fillfactor = 9);
+create index spgist_point_idx2 on spgist_point_tbl using spgist(p) with (fillfactor = 101);
+
+-- Modify fillfactor in existing index
+alter index spgist_point_idx set (fillfactor = 90);
+reindex index spgist_point_idx;
+
+-- Test index over a domain
+create domain spgist_text as varchar;
+create table spgist_domain_tbl (f1 spgist_text);
+create index spgist_domain_idx on spgist_domain_tbl using spgist(f1);
+insert into spgist_domain_tbl values('fee'), ('fi'), ('fo'), ('fum');
+explain (costs off)
+select * from spgist_domain_tbl where f1 = 'fo';
+select * from spgist_domain_tbl where f1 = 'fo';
+
+-- test an unlogged table, mostly to get coverage of spgistbuildempty
+create unlogged table spgist_unlogged_tbl(id serial, b box);
+create index spgist_unlogged_idx on spgist_unlogged_tbl using spgist (b);
+insert into spgist_unlogged_tbl(b)
+select box(point(i,j))
+  from generate_series(1,100,5) i,
+       generate_series(1,10,5) j;
+-- leave this table around, to help in testing dump/restore
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73c8d38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+--
+-- Test cumulative stats system
+--
+-- Must be run after tenk2 has been created (by create_table),
+-- populated (by create_misc) and indexed (by create_index).
+--
+
+-- conditio sine qua non
+SHOW track_counts;  -- must be on
+
+-- ensure that both seqscan and indexscan plans are allowed
+SET enable_seqscan TO on;
+SET enable_indexscan TO on;
+-- for the moment, we don't want index-only scans here
+SET enable_indexonlyscan TO off;
+-- not enabled by default, but we want to test it...
+SET track_functions TO 'all';
+
+-- record dboid for later use
+SELECT oid AS dboid from pg_database where datname = current_database() \gset
+
+-- save counters
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = snapshot;
+CREATE TABLE prevstats AS
+SELECT t.seq_scan, t.seq_tup_read, t.idx_scan, t.idx_tup_fetch,
+       (b.heap_blks_read + b.heap_blks_hit) AS heap_blks,
+       (b.idx_blks_read + b.idx_blks_hit) AS idx_blks,
+       pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() as snap_ts
+  FROM pg_catalog.pg_stat_user_tables AS t,
+       pg_catalog.pg_statio_user_tables AS b
+ WHERE t.relname='tenk2' AND b.relname='tenk2';
+COMMIT;
+
+-- test effects of TRUNCATE on n_live_tup/n_dead_tup counters
+CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test(id serial);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test1(id serial, stuff text);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test2(id serial);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test3(id serial, stuff text);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test4(id serial);
+
+-- check that n_live_tup is reset to 0 after truncate
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test DEFAULT VALUES;
+TRUNCATE trunc_stats_test;
+
+-- test involving a truncate in a transaction; 4 ins but only 1 live
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+UPDATE trunc_stats_test1 SET id = id + 10 WHERE id IN (1, 2);
+DELETE FROM trunc_stats_test1 WHERE id = 3;
+
+BEGIN;
+UPDATE trunc_stats_test1 SET id = id + 100;
+TRUNCATE trunc_stats_test1;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test1 DEFAULT VALUES;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- use a savepoint: 1 insert, 1 live
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SAVEPOINT p1;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+TRUNCATE trunc_stats_test2;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test2 DEFAULT VALUES;
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT p1;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- rollback a savepoint: this should count 4 inserts and have 2
+-- live tuples after commit (and 2 dead ones due to aborted subxact)
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+SAVEPOINT p1;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+TRUNCATE trunc_stats_test3;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test3 DEFAULT VALUES;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT p1;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- rollback a truncate: this should count 2 inserts and produce 2 dead tuples
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+TRUNCATE trunc_stats_test4;
+INSERT INTO trunc_stats_test4 DEFAULT VALUES;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- do a seqscan
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk2;
+-- do an indexscan
+-- make sure it is not a bitmap scan, which might skip fetching heap tuples
+SET enable_bitmapscan TO off;
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk2 WHERE unique1 = 1;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+
+-- ensure pending stats are flushed
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+
+-- check effects
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = snapshot;
+
+SELECT relname, n_tup_ins, n_tup_upd, n_tup_del, n_live_tup, n_dead_tup
+  FROM pg_stat_user_tables
+ WHERE relname like 'trunc_stats_test%' order by relname;
+
+SELECT st.seq_scan >= pr.seq_scan + 1,
+       st.seq_tup_read >= pr.seq_tup_read + cl.reltuples,
+       st.idx_scan >= pr.idx_scan + 1,
+       st.idx_tup_fetch >= pr.idx_tup_fetch + 1
+  FROM pg_stat_user_tables AS st, pg_class AS cl, prevstats AS pr
+ WHERE st.relname='tenk2' AND cl.relname='tenk2';
+
+SELECT st.heap_blks_read + st.heap_blks_hit >= pr.heap_blks + cl.relpages,
+       st.idx_blks_read + st.idx_blks_hit >= pr.idx_blks + 1
+  FROM pg_statio_user_tables AS st, pg_class AS cl, prevstats AS pr
+ WHERE st.relname='tenk2' AND cl.relname='tenk2';
+
+SELECT pr.snap_ts < pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() as snapshot_newer
+FROM prevstats AS pr;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+----
+-- Basic tests for track_functions
+---
+CREATE FUNCTION stats_test_func1() RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$BEGIN END;$$;
+SELECT 'stats_test_func1()'::regprocedure::oid AS stats_test_func1_oid \gset
+CREATE FUNCTION stats_test_func2() RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$BEGIN END;$$;
+SELECT 'stats_test_func2()'::regprocedure::oid AS stats_test_func2_oid \gset
+
+-- test that stats are accumulated
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = none;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+SELECT stats_test_func1();
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+SELECT stats_test_func1();
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+COMMIT;
+
+-- Verify that function stats are not transactional
+
+-- rolled back savepoint in committing transaction
+BEGIN;
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+SAVEPOINT foo;
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT foo;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_function_calls(:stats_test_func2_oid);
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+COMMIT;
+
+-- rolled back transaction
+BEGIN;
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+ROLLBACK;
+
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+
+-- check collected stats
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func1_oid;
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func2_oid;
+
+
+-- check that a rolled back drop function stats leaves stats alive
+BEGIN;
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func1_oid;
+DROP FUNCTION stats_test_func1();
+-- shouldn't be visible via view
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func1_oid;
+-- but still via oid access
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func1_oid;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+
+
+-- check that function dropped in main transaction leaves no stats behind
+BEGIN;
+DROP FUNCTION stats_test_func1();
+COMMIT;
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func1_oid;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func1_oid);
+
+-- check that function dropped in a subtransaction leaves no stats behind
+BEGIN;
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+SAVEPOINT a;
+SELECT stats_test_func2();
+SAVEPOINT b;
+DROP FUNCTION stats_test_func2();
+COMMIT;
+SELECT funcname, calls FROM pg_stat_user_functions WHERE funcid = :stats_test_func2_oid;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(:stats_test_func2_oid);
+
+
+-- Check that stats for relations are dropped. For that we need to access stats
+-- by oid after the DROP TABLE. Save oids.
+CREATE TABLE drop_stats_test();
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT 'drop_stats_test'::regclass::oid AS drop_stats_test_oid \gset
+
+CREATE TABLE drop_stats_test_xact();
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_xact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT 'drop_stats_test_xact'::regclass::oid AS drop_stats_test_xact_oid \gset
+
+CREATE TABLE drop_stats_test_subxact();
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_subxact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT 'drop_stats_test_subxact'::regclass::oid AS drop_stats_test_subxact_oid \gset
+
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_oid);
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_oid);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_oid);
+
+-- check that rollback protects against having stats dropped and that local
+-- modifications don't pose a problem
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_xact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test_xact;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+
+-- transactional drop
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_xact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test_xact;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_xact_oid);
+
+-- savepoint rollback (2 levels)
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_subxact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SAVEPOINT sp1;
+INSERT INTO drop_stats_test_subxact DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+SAVEPOINT sp2;
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test_subxact;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp2;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_xact_tuples_inserted(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+
+-- savepoint rolback (1 level)
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+BEGIN;
+SAVEPOINT sp1;
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test_subxact;
+SAVEPOINT sp2;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp1;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+
+-- and now actually drop
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+BEGIN;
+SAVEPOINT sp1;
+DROP TABLE drop_stats_test_subxact;
+SAVEPOINT sp2;
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT sp1;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_live_tuples(:drop_stats_test_subxact_oid);
+
+DROP TABLE trunc_stats_test, trunc_stats_test1, trunc_stats_test2, trunc_stats_test3, trunc_stats_test4;
+DROP TABLE prevstats;
+
+-----
+-- Test reset of some stats for shared table
+-----
+
+-- This updates the comment of the database currently in use in
+-- pg_shdescription with a fake value, then sets it back to its
+-- original value.
+SELECT shobj_description(d.oid, 'pg_database') as description_before
+  FROM pg_database d WHERE datname = current_database() \gset
+
+-- force some stats in pg_shdescription.
+BEGIN;
+SELECT current_database() as datname \gset
+COMMENT ON DATABASE :"datname" IS 'This is a test comment';
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+COMMIT;
+
+-- check that the stats are reset.
+SELECT (n_tup_ins + n_tup_upd) > 0 AS has_data FROM pg_stat_all_tables
+  WHERE relid = 'pg_shdescription'::regclass;
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters('pg_shdescription'::regclass);
+SELECT (n_tup_ins + n_tup_upd) > 0 AS has_data FROM pg_stat_all_tables
+  WHERE relid = 'pg_shdescription'::regclass;
+
+-- set back comment
+\if :{?description_before}
+  COMMENT ON DATABASE :"datname" IS :'description_before';
+\else
+  COMMENT ON DATABASE :"datname" IS NULL;
+\endif
+
+-----
+-- Test that various stats views are being properly populated
+-----
+
+-- Test that sessions is incremented when a new session is started in pg_stat_database
+SELECT sessions AS db_stat_sessions FROM pg_stat_database WHERE datname = (SELECT current_database()) \gset
+\c
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+SELECT sessions > :db_stat_sessions FROM pg_stat_database WHERE datname = (SELECT current_database());
+
+-- Test pg_stat_bgwriter checkpointer-related stats, together with pg_stat_wal
+SELECT checkpoints_req AS rqst_ckpts_before FROM pg_stat_bgwriter \gset
+
+-- Test pg_stat_wal
+SELECT wal_bytes AS wal_bytes_before FROM pg_stat_wal \gset
+
+CREATE TABLE test_stats_temp AS SELECT 17;
+DROP TABLE test_stats_temp;
+
+-- Checkpoint twice: The checkpointer reports stats after reporting completion
+-- of the checkpoint. But after a second checkpoint we'll see at least the
+-- results of the first.
+CHECKPOINT;
+CHECKPOINT;
+
+SELECT checkpoints_req > :rqst_ckpts_before FROM pg_stat_bgwriter;
+SELECT wal_bytes > :wal_bytes_before FROM pg_stat_wal;
+
+
+-----
+-- Test that resetting stats works for reset timestamp
+-----
+
+-- Test that reset_slru with a specified SLRU works.
+SELECT stats_reset AS slru_commit_ts_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'CommitTs' \gset
+SELECT stats_reset AS slru_notify_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'Notify' \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_slru('CommitTs');
+SELECT stats_reset > :'slru_commit_ts_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'CommitTs';
+SELECT stats_reset AS slru_commit_ts_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'CommitTs' \gset
+
+-- Test that multiple SLRUs are reset when no specific SLRU provided to reset function
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_slru(NULL);
+SELECT stats_reset > :'slru_commit_ts_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'CommitTs';
+SELECT stats_reset > :'slru_notify_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_slru WHERE name = 'Notify';
+
+-- Test that reset_shared with archiver specified as the stats type works
+SELECT stats_reset AS archiver_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_archiver \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_shared('archiver');
+SELECT stats_reset > :'archiver_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_archiver;
+SELECT stats_reset AS archiver_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_archiver \gset
+
+-- Test that reset_shared with bgwriter specified as the stats type works
+SELECT stats_reset AS bgwriter_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_bgwriter \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_shared('bgwriter');
+SELECT stats_reset > :'bgwriter_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_bgwriter;
+SELECT stats_reset AS bgwriter_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_bgwriter \gset
+
+-- Test that reset_shared with wal specified as the stats type works
+SELECT stats_reset AS wal_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_wal \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_shared('wal');
+SELECT stats_reset > :'wal_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_wal;
+SELECT stats_reset AS wal_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_wal \gset
+
+-- Test that reset_shared with no specified stats type doesn't reset anything
+SELECT pg_stat_reset_shared(NULL);
+SELECT stats_reset = :'archiver_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_archiver;
+SELECT stats_reset = :'bgwriter_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_bgwriter;
+SELECT stats_reset = :'wal_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_wal;
+
+-- Test that reset works for pg_stat_database
+
+-- Since pg_stat_database stats_reset starts out as NULL, reset it once first so we have something to compare it to
+SELECT pg_stat_reset();
+SELECT stats_reset AS db_reset_ts FROM pg_stat_database WHERE datname = (SELECT current_database()) \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_reset();
+SELECT stats_reset > :'db_reset_ts'::timestamptz FROM pg_stat_database WHERE datname = (SELECT current_database());
+
+
+----
+-- pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp behavior
+----
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = snapshot;
+-- no snapshot yet, return NULL
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp();
+-- any attempt at accessing stats will build snapshot
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(0);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() >= NOW();
+-- shows NULL again after clearing
+SELECT pg_stat_clear_snapshot();
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp();
+COMMIT;
+
+----
+-- Changing stats_fetch_consistency in a transaction.
+----
+BEGIN;
+-- Stats filled under the cache mode
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = cache;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(0);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() IS NOT NULL AS snapshot_ok;
+-- Success in accessing pre-existing snapshot data.
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = snapshot;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() IS NOT NULL AS snapshot_ok;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(0);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() IS NOT NULL AS snapshot_ok;
+-- Snapshot cleared.
+SET LOCAL stats_fetch_consistency = none;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() IS NOT NULL AS snapshot_ok;
+SELECT pg_stat_get_function_calls(0);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp() IS NOT NULL AS snapshot_ok;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+----
+-- pg_stat_have_stats behavior
+----
+-- fixed-numbered stats exist
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('bgwriter', 0, 0);
+-- unknown stats kinds error out
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('zaphod', 0, 0);
+-- db stats have objoid 0
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('database', :dboid, 1);
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('database', :dboid, 0);
+
+-- pg_stat_have_stats returns true for committed index creation
+CREATE table stats_test_tab1 as select generate_series(1,10) a;
+CREATE index stats_test_idx1 on stats_test_tab1(a);
+SELECT 'stats_test_idx1'::regclass::oid AS stats_test_idx1_oid \gset
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+select a from stats_test_tab1 where a = 3;
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+
+-- pg_stat_have_stats returns false for dropped index with stats
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+DROP index stats_test_idx1;
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+
+-- pg_stat_have_stats returns false for rolled back index creation
+BEGIN;
+CREATE index stats_test_idx1 on stats_test_tab1(a);
+SELECT 'stats_test_idx1'::regclass::oid AS stats_test_idx1_oid \gset
+select a from stats_test_tab1 where a = 3;
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+
+-- pg_stat_have_stats returns true for reindex CONCURRENTLY
+CREATE index stats_test_idx1 on stats_test_tab1(a);
+SELECT 'stats_test_idx1'::regclass::oid AS stats_test_idx1_oid \gset
+select a from stats_test_tab1 where a = 3;
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+REINDEX index CONCURRENTLY stats_test_idx1;
+-- false for previous oid
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+-- true for new oid
+SELECT 'stats_test_idx1'::regclass::oid AS stats_test_idx1_oid \gset
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+
+-- pg_stat_have_stats returns true for a rolled back drop index with stats
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+DROP index stats_test_idx1;
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT pg_stat_have_stats('relation', :dboid, :stats_test_idx1_oid);
+
+-- put enable_seqscan back to on
+SET enable_seqscan TO on;
+
+-- ensure that stats accessors handle NULL input correctly
+SELECT pg_stat_get_replication_slot(NULL);
+SELECT pg_stat_get_subscription_stats(NULL);
+
+
+-- End of Stats Test
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/stats_ext.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/stats_ext.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0ee415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/stats_ext.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1657 @@
+-- Generic extended statistics support
+
+--
+-- Note: tables for which we check estimated row counts should be created
+-- with autovacuum_enabled = off, so that we don't have unstable results
+-- from auto-analyze happening when we didn't expect it.
+--
+
+-- check the number of estimated/actual rows in the top node
+create function check_estimated_rows(text) returns table (estimated int, actual int)
+language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare
+    ln text;
+    tmp text[];
+    first_row bool := true;
+begin
+    for ln in
+        execute format('explain analyze %s', $1)
+    loop
+        if first_row then
+            first_row := false;
+            tmp := regexp_match(ln, 'rows=(\d*) .* rows=(\d*)');
+            return query select tmp[1]::int, tmp[2]::int;
+        end if;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- Verify failures
+CREATE TABLE ext_stats_test (x text, y int, z int);
+CREATE STATISTICS tst;
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON a, b;
+CREATE STATISTICS tst FROM sometab;
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON a, b FROM nonexistent;
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON a, b FROM ext_stats_test;
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON x, x, y FROM ext_stats_test;
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON x, x, y, x, x, y, x, x, y FROM ext_stats_test;
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON x, x, y, x, x, (x || 'x'), (y + 1), (x || 'x'), (x || 'x'), (y + 1) FROM ext_stats_test;
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON (x || 'x'), (x || 'x'), (y + 1), (x || 'x'), (x || 'x'), (y + 1), (x || 'x'), (x || 'x'), (y + 1) FROM ext_stats_test;
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON (x || 'x'), (x || 'x'), y FROM ext_stats_test;
+CREATE STATISTICS tst (unrecognized) ON x, y FROM ext_stats_test;
+-- incorrect expressions
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON (y) FROM ext_stats_test; -- single column reference
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON y + z FROM ext_stats_test; -- missing parentheses
+CREATE STATISTICS tst ON (x, y) FROM ext_stats_test; -- tuple expression
+DROP TABLE ext_stats_test;
+
+-- Ensure stats are dropped sanely, and test IF NOT EXISTS while at it
+CREATE TABLE ab1 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c INTEGER);
+CREATE STATISTICS IF NOT EXISTS ab1_a_b_stats ON a, b FROM ab1;
+COMMENT ON STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats IS 'new comment';
+CREATE ROLE regress_stats_ext;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_stats_ext;
+COMMENT ON STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats IS 'changed comment';
+DROP STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats;
+ALTER STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats RENAME TO ab1_a_b_stats_new;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP ROLE regress_stats_ext;
+
+CREATE STATISTICS IF NOT EXISTS ab1_a_b_stats ON a, b FROM ab1;
+DROP STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_schema_2;
+CREATE STATISTICS regress_schema_2.ab1_a_b_stats ON a, b FROM ab1;
+
+-- Let's also verify the pg_get_statisticsobjdef output looks sane.
+SELECT pg_get_statisticsobjdef(oid) FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxname = 'ab1_a_b_stats';
+
+DROP STATISTICS regress_schema_2.ab1_a_b_stats;
+
+-- Ensure statistics are dropped when columns are
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_b_c_stats ON b, c FROM ab1;
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_a_b_c_stats ON a, b, c FROM ab1;
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_b_a_stats ON b, a FROM ab1;
+ALTER TABLE ab1 DROP COLUMN a;
+\d ab1
+-- Ensure statistics are dropped when table is
+SELECT stxname FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxname LIKE 'ab1%';
+DROP TABLE ab1;
+SELECT stxname FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxname LIKE 'ab1%';
+
+-- Ensure things work sanely with SET STATISTICS 0
+CREATE TABLE ab1 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER);
+ALTER TABLE ab1 ALTER a SET STATISTICS 0;
+INSERT INTO ab1 SELECT a, a%23 FROM generate_series(1, 1000) a;
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats ON a, b FROM ab1;
+ANALYZE ab1;
+ALTER TABLE ab1 ALTER a SET STATISTICS -1;
+-- setting statistics target 0 skips the statistics, without printing any message, so check catalog
+ALTER STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats SET STATISTICS 0;
+\d ab1
+ANALYZE ab1;
+SELECT stxname, stxdndistinct, stxddependencies, stxdmcv, stxdinherit
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s LEFT JOIN pg_statistic_ext_data d ON (d.stxoid = s.oid)
+ WHERE s.stxname = 'ab1_a_b_stats';
+ALTER STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats SET STATISTICS -1;
+\d+ ab1
+-- partial analyze doesn't build stats either
+ANALYZE ab1 (a);
+ANALYZE ab1;
+DROP TABLE ab1;
+ALTER STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats SET STATISTICS 0;
+ALTER STATISTICS IF EXISTS ab1_a_b_stats SET STATISTICS 0;
+
+-- Ensure we can build statistics for tables with inheritance.
+CREATE TABLE ab1 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE ab1c () INHERITS (ab1);
+INSERT INTO ab1 VALUES (1,1);
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_a_b_stats ON a, b FROM ab1;
+ANALYZE ab1;
+DROP TABLE ab1 CASCADE;
+
+-- Tests for stats with inheritance
+CREATE TABLE stxdinh(a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE stxdinh1() INHERITS(stxdinh);
+CREATE TABLE stxdinh2() INHERITS(stxdinh);
+INSERT INTO stxdinh SELECT mod(a,50), mod(a,100) FROM generate_series(0, 1999) a;
+INSERT INTO stxdinh1 SELECT mod(a,100), mod(a,100) FROM generate_series(0, 999) a;
+INSERT INTO stxdinh2 SELECT mod(a,100), mod(a,100) FROM generate_series(0, 999) a;
+VACUUM ANALYZE stxdinh, stxdinh1, stxdinh2;
+-- Ensure non-inherited stats are not applied to inherited query
+-- Without stats object, it looks like this
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM stxdinh* GROUP BY 1, 2');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM stxdinh* WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+CREATE STATISTICS stxdinh ON a, b FROM stxdinh;
+VACUUM ANALYZE stxdinh, stxdinh1, stxdinh2;
+-- See if the extended stats affect the estimates
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM stxdinh* GROUP BY 1, 2');
+-- Dependencies are applied at individual relations (within append), so
+-- this estimate changes a bit because we improve estimates for the parent
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM stxdinh* WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+-- Ensure correct (non-inherited) stats are applied to inherited query
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM ONLY stxdinh GROUP BY 1, 2');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM ONLY stxdinh WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+DROP TABLE stxdinh, stxdinh1, stxdinh2;
+
+-- Ensure inherited stats ARE applied to inherited query in partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE stxdinp(i int, a int, b int) PARTITION BY RANGE (i);
+CREATE TABLE stxdinp1 PARTITION OF stxdinp FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100);
+INSERT INTO stxdinp SELECT 1, a/100, a/100 FROM generate_series(1, 999) a;
+CREATE STATISTICS stxdinp ON (a + 1), a, b FROM stxdinp;
+VACUUM ANALYZE stxdinp; -- partitions are processed recursively
+SELECT 1 FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxrelid = 'stxdinp'::regclass;
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a, b FROM stxdinp GROUP BY 1, 2');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT a + 1, b FROM ONLY stxdinp GROUP BY 1, 2');
+DROP TABLE stxdinp;
+
+-- basic test for statistics on expressions
+CREATE TABLE ab1 (a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c TIMESTAMP, d TIMESTAMPTZ);
+
+-- expression stats may be built on a single expression column
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_1 ON (a+b) FROM ab1;
+
+-- with a single expression, we only enable expression statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_2 ON (a+b) FROM ab1;
+SELECT stxkind FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxname = 'ab1_exprstat_2';
+
+-- adding anything to the expression builds all statistics kinds
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_3 ON (a+b), a FROM ab1;
+SELECT stxkind FROM pg_statistic_ext WHERE stxname = 'ab1_exprstat_3';
+
+-- date_trunc on timestamptz is not immutable, but that should not matter
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_4 ON date_trunc('day', d) FROM ab1;
+
+-- date_trunc on timestamp is immutable
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_5 ON date_trunc('day', c) FROM ab1;
+
+-- check use of a boolean-returning expression
+CREATE STATISTICS ab1_exprstat_6 ON
+  (case a when 1 then true else false end), b FROM ab1;
+
+-- insert some data and run analyze, to test that these cases build properly
+INSERT INTO ab1
+SELECT x / 10, x / 3,
+    '2020-10-01'::timestamp + x * interval '1 day',
+    '2020-10-01'::timestamptz + x * interval '1 day'
+FROM generate_series(1, 100) x;
+ANALYZE ab1;
+
+-- apply some stats
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM ab1 WHERE (case a when 1 then true else false end) AND b=2');
+
+DROP TABLE ab1;
+
+-- Verify supported object types for extended statistics
+CREATE schema tststats;
+
+CREATE TABLE tststats.t (a int, b int, c text);
+CREATE INDEX ti ON tststats.t (a, b);
+CREATE SEQUENCE tststats.s;
+CREATE VIEW tststats.v AS SELECT * FROM tststats.t;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW tststats.mv AS SELECT * FROM tststats.t;
+CREATE TYPE tststats.ty AS (a int, b int, c text);
+CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER extstats_dummy_fdw;
+CREATE SERVER extstats_dummy_srv FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER extstats_dummy_fdw;
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE tststats.f (a int, b int, c text) SERVER extstats_dummy_srv;
+CREATE TABLE tststats.pt (a int, b int, c text) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, b);
+CREATE TABLE tststats.pt1 PARTITION OF tststats.pt FOR VALUES FROM (-10, -10) TO (10, 10);
+
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s1 ON a, b FROM tststats.t;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s2 ON a, b FROM tststats.ti;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s3 ON a, b FROM tststats.s;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s4 ON a, b FROM tststats.v;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s5 ON a, b FROM tststats.mv;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s6 ON a, b FROM tststats.ty;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s7 ON a, b FROM tststats.f;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s8 ON a, b FROM tststats.pt;
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s9 ON a, b FROM tststats.pt1;
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+	relname text := reltoastrelid::regclass FROM pg_class WHERE oid = 'tststats.t'::regclass;
+BEGIN
+	EXECUTE 'CREATE STATISTICS tststats.s10 ON a, b FROM ' || relname;
+EXCEPTION WHEN wrong_object_type THEN
+	RAISE NOTICE 'stats on toast table not created';
+END;
+$$;
+
+DROP SCHEMA tststats CASCADE;
+DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER extstats_dummy_fdw CASCADE;
+
+-- n-distinct tests
+CREATE TABLE ndistinct (
+    filler1 TEXT,
+    filler2 NUMERIC,
+    a INT,
+    b INT,
+    filler3 DATE,
+    c INT,
+    d INT
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+
+-- over-estimates when using only per-column statistics
+INSERT INTO ndistinct (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT i/100, i/100, i/100, cash_words((i/100)::money)
+       FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+
+-- Group Aggregate, due to over-estimate of the number of groups
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c, d');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c, d');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (a+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+-- correct command
+CREATE STATISTICS s10 ON a, b, c FROM ndistinct;
+
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+
+SELECT s.stxkind, d.stxdndistinct
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxrelid = 'ndistinct'::regclass
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+
+-- minor improvement, make sure the ctid does not break the matching
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY ctid, a, b');
+
+-- Hash Aggregate, thanks to estimates improved by the statistic
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c');
+
+-- partial improvement (match on attributes)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (a+1)');
+
+-- expressions - no improvement
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+-- last two plans keep using Group Aggregate, because 'd' is not covered
+-- by the statistic and while it's NULL-only we assume 200 values for it
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c, d');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c, d');
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE ndistinct;
+
+-- under-estimates when using only per-column statistics
+INSERT INTO ndistinct (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT mod(i,13), mod(i,17), mod(i,19),
+            cash_words(mod(i,23)::int::money)
+       FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+
+SELECT s.stxkind, d.stxdndistinct
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxrelid = 'ndistinct'::regclass
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+
+-- correct estimates
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c, d');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c, d');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, d');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (a+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+DROP STATISTICS s10;
+
+SELECT s.stxkind, d.stxdndistinct
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxrelid = 'ndistinct'::regclass
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+
+-- dropping the statistics results in under-estimates
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, c, d');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY b, c, d');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, d');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (a+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+-- ndistinct estimates with statistics on expressions
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+CREATE STATISTICS s10 (ndistinct) ON (a+1), (b+100), (2*c) FROM ndistinct;
+
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+
+SELECT s.stxkind, d.stxdndistinct
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxrelid = 'ndistinct'::regclass
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a+1), (b+100), (2*c)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (a+1), (b+100)');
+
+DROP STATISTICS s10;
+
+-- a mix of attributes and expressions
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (2*c)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (2*c)');
+
+CREATE STATISTICS s10 (ndistinct) ON a, b, (2*c) FROM ndistinct;
+
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+
+SELECT s.stxkind, d.stxdndistinct
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxrelid = 'ndistinct'::regclass
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (2*c)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (2*c)');
+
+DROP STATISTICS s10;
+
+-- combination of multiple ndistinct statistics, with/without expressions
+TRUNCATE ndistinct;
+
+-- two mostly independent groups of columns
+INSERT INTO ndistinct (a, b, c, d)
+     SELECT mod(i,3), mod(i,9), mod(i,5), mod(i,20)
+       FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+
+-- basic statistics on both attributes (no expressions)
+CREATE STATISTICS s11 (ndistinct) ON a, b FROM ndistinct;
+
+CREATE STATISTICS s12 (ndistinct) ON c, d FROM ndistinct;
+
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+
+
+-- replace the second statistics by statistics on expressions
+
+DROP STATISTICS s12;
+
+CREATE STATISTICS s12 (ndistinct) ON (c * 10), (d - 1) FROM ndistinct;
+
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+
+
+-- replace the second statistics by statistics on both attributes and expressions
+
+DROP STATISTICS s12;
+
+CREATE STATISTICS s12 (ndistinct) ON c, d, (c * 10), (d - 1) FROM ndistinct;
+
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+
+
+-- replace the other statistics by statistics on both attributes and expressions
+
+DROP STATISTICS s11;
+
+CREATE STATISTICS s11 (ndistinct) ON a, b, (a*5), (b+1) FROM ndistinct;
+
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+
+
+-- replace statistics by somewhat overlapping ones (this expected to get worse estimate
+-- because the first statistics shall be applied to 3 columns, and the second one can't
+-- be really applied)
+
+DROP STATISTICS s11;
+DROP STATISTICS s12;
+
+CREATE STATISTICS s11 (ndistinct) ON a, b, (a*5), (b+1) FROM ndistinct;
+CREATE STATISTICS s12 (ndistinct) ON a, (b+1), (c * 10) FROM ndistinct;
+
+ANALYZE ndistinct;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY (a*5), (b+1), c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, b, (c*10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ndistinct GROUP BY a, (b+1), c, (d - 1)');
+
+DROP STATISTICS s11;
+DROP STATISTICS s12;
+
+-- functional dependencies tests
+CREATE TABLE functional_dependencies (
+    filler1 TEXT,
+    filler2 NUMERIC,
+    a INT,
+    b TEXT,
+    filler3 DATE,
+    c INT,
+    d TEXT
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+
+CREATE INDEX fdeps_ab_idx ON functional_dependencies (a, b);
+CREATE INDEX fdeps_abc_idx ON functional_dependencies (a, b, c);
+
+-- random data (no functional dependencies)
+INSERT INTO functional_dependencies (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT mod(i, 5), mod(i, 7), mod(i, 11), i FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS func_deps_stat (dependencies) ON a, b, c FROM functional_dependencies;
+
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+
+-- a => b, a => c, b => c
+TRUNCATE functional_dependencies;
+DROP STATISTICS func_deps_stat;
+
+-- now do the same thing, but with expressions
+INSERT INTO functional_dependencies (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT i, i, i, i FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE mod(a, 11) = 1 AND mod(b::int, 13) = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE mod(a, 11) = 1 AND mod(b::int, 13) = 1 AND mod(c, 7) = 1');
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS func_deps_stat (dependencies) ON (mod(a,11)), (mod(b::int, 13)), (mod(c, 7)) FROM functional_dependencies;
+
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE mod(a, 11) = 1 AND mod(b::int, 13) = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE mod(a, 11) = 1 AND mod(b::int, 13) = 1 AND mod(c, 7) = 1');
+
+-- a => b, a => c, b => c
+TRUNCATE functional_dependencies;
+DROP STATISTICS func_deps_stat;
+
+INSERT INTO functional_dependencies (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT mod(i,100), mod(i,50), mod(i,25), i FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+
+-- IN
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c IN (1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND c IN (1, 2)');
+
+-- OR clauses referencing the same attribute
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 51) AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 51) AND (b = ''1'' OR b = ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 2 OR a = 51 OR a = 52) AND (b = ''1'' OR b = ''2'')');
+
+-- OR clauses referencing different attributes
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR b = ''1'') AND b = ''1''');
+
+-- ANY
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
+
+-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a < ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b > ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a >= ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS func_deps_stat (dependencies) ON a, b, c FROM functional_dependencies;
+
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+
+-- print the detected dependencies
+SELECT dependencies FROM pg_stats_ext WHERE statistics_name = 'func_deps_stat';
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+
+-- IN
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c IN (1)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND c IN (1, 2)');
+
+-- OR clauses referencing the same attribute
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 51) AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 51) AND (b = ''1'' OR b = ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR a = 2 OR a = 51 OR a = 52) AND (b = ''1'' OR b = ''2'')');
+
+-- OR clauses referencing different attributes are incompatible
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a = 1 OR b = ''1'') AND b = ''1''');
+
+-- ANY
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
+
+-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a < ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b > ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a >= ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+-- changing the type of column c causes all its stats to be dropped, reverting
+-- to default estimates without any statistics, i.e. 0.5% selectivity for each
+-- condition
+ALTER TABLE functional_dependencies ALTER COLUMN c TYPE numeric;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+
+DROP STATISTICS func_deps_stat;
+
+-- now try functional dependencies with expressions
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = 2 AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = 2 AND upper(b) = ''1'' AND (c + 1) = 2');
+
+-- IN
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 52, 102, 152) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''26'') AND (c + 1) = 2');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 52, 102, 152) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''26'') AND (c + 1) IN (2)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 52, 54, 102, 104, 152, 154) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND (c + 1) IN (2, 3)');
+
+-- OR clauses referencing the same attribute
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 102) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 102) AND (upper(b) = ''1'' OR upper(b) = ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 4 OR (a * 2) = 102 OR (a * 2) = 104) AND (upper(b) = ''1'' OR upper(b) = ''2'')');
+
+-- OR clauses referencing different attributes
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR upper(b) = ''1'') AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+-- ANY
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 102, 104]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 52, 102, 152]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND (c + 1) = 2');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 52, 102, 152]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND (c + 1) = ANY (ARRAY[2])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 52, 54, 102, 104, 152, 154]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND (c + 1) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 3])');
+
+-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
+-- the estimates however improve thanks to having expression statistics
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) < ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) > ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) >= ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) <= ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 102, 104]) AND upper(b) >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+-- create statistics on expressions
+CREATE STATISTICS func_deps_stat (dependencies) ON (a * 2), upper(b), (c + 1) FROM functional_dependencies;
+
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
+
+-- print the detected dependencies
+SELECT dependencies FROM pg_stats_ext WHERE statistics_name = 'func_deps_stat';
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = 2 AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = 2 AND upper(b) = ''1'' AND (c + 1) = 2');
+
+-- IN
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 52, 102, 152) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''26'') AND (c + 1) = 2');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 52, 102, 152) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''26'') AND (c + 1) IN (2)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 52, 54, 102, 104, 152, 154) AND upper(b) IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND (c + 1) IN (2, 3)');
+
+-- OR clauses referencing the same attribute
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 102) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 102) AND (upper(b) = ''1'' OR upper(b) = ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR (a * 2) = 4 OR (a * 2) = 102 OR (a * 2) = 104) AND (upper(b) = ''1'' OR upper(b) = ''2'')');
+
+-- OR clauses referencing different attributes
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE ((a * 2) = 2 OR upper(b) = ''1'') AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+-- ANY
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 102, 104]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 52, 102, 152]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND (c + 1) = 2');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 52, 102, 152]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND (c + 1) = ANY (ARRAY[2])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 52, 54, 102, 104, 152, 154]) AND upper(b) = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND (c + 1) = ANY (ARRAY[2, 3])');
+
+-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
+-- the estimates however improve thanks to having expression statistics
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) < ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) > ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) >= ANY (ARRAY[2, 102]) AND upper(b) <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) <= ANY (ARRAY[2, 4, 102, 104]) AND upper(b) >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 102) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE (a * 2) IN (2, 4, 102, 104) AND upper(b) = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+-- check the ability to use multiple functional dependencies
+CREATE TABLE functional_dependencies_multi (
+	a INTEGER,
+	b INTEGER,
+	c INTEGER,
+	d INTEGER
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+
+INSERT INTO functional_dependencies_multi (a, b, c, d)
+    SELECT
+         mod(i,7),
+         mod(i,7),
+         mod(i,11),
+         mod(i,11)
+    FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies_multi;
+
+-- estimates without any functional dependencies
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE 0 = a AND 0 = b');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE c = 0 AND d = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0 AND d = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE 0 = a AND b = 0 AND 0 = c AND d = 0');
+
+-- create separate functional dependencies
+CREATE STATISTICS functional_dependencies_multi_1 (dependencies) ON a, b FROM functional_dependencies_multi;
+CREATE STATISTICS functional_dependencies_multi_2 (dependencies) ON c, d FROM functional_dependencies_multi;
+
+ANALYZE functional_dependencies_multi;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE 0 = a AND 0 = b');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE c = 0 AND d = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0 AND d = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies_multi WHERE 0 = a AND b = 0 AND 0 = c AND d = 0');
+
+DROP TABLE functional_dependencies_multi;
+
+-- MCV lists
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists (
+    filler1 TEXT,
+    filler2 NUMERIC,
+    a INT,
+    b VARCHAR,
+    filler3 DATE,
+    c INT,
+    d TEXT,
+    ia INT[]
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+
+-- random data (no MCV list)
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT mod(i,37), mod(i,41), mod(i,43), mod(i,47) FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c FROM mcv_lists;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats;
+
+-- random data (no MCV list), but with expression
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT i, i, i, i FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,7) = 1 AND mod(b::int,11) = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,7) = 1 AND mod(b::int,11) = 1 AND mod(c,13) = 1');
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON (mod(a,7)), (mod(b::int,11)), (mod(c,13)) FROM mcv_lists;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,7) = 1 AND mod(b::int,11) = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,7) = 1 AND mod(b::int,11) = 1 AND mod(c,13) = 1');
+
+-- 100 distinct combinations, all in the MCV list
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats;
+
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, ia, filler1)
+     SELECT mod(i,100), mod(i,50), mod(i,25), array[mod(i,25)], i
+       FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 = a AND ''1'' = b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 1 AND b < ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 > a AND ''1'' > b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= 0 AND b <= ''0''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 0 >= a AND ''0'' >= b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 5 AND b < ''1'' AND c < 5');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 5 AND ''1'' > b AND 5 > c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= 4 AND b <= ''0'' AND c <= 4');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 4 >= a AND ''0'' >= b AND 4 >= c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52, NULL) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'', NULL)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[NULL, 1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', NULL])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, NULL, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', NULL, ''3'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3, NULL])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', NULL, ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, NULL, 3])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[4,5]) AND 4 = ANY(ia)');
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c, ia FROM mcv_lists;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 = a AND ''1'' = b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 1 AND b < ''1''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 > a AND ''1'' > b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= 0 AND b <= ''0''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 0 >= a AND ''0'' >= b');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 5 AND b < ''1'' AND c < 5');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < 5 AND ''1'' > b AND 5 > c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= 4 AND b <= ''0'' AND c <= 4');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 4 >= a AND ''0'' >= b AND 4 >= c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52, NULL) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'', NULL)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[NULL, 1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', NULL])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, NULL, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', NULL, ''3'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3, NULL])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', NULL, ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, NULL, 3])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[4,5]) AND 4 = ANY(ia)');
+
+-- check change of unrelated column type does not reset the MCV statistics
+ALTER TABLE mcv_lists ALTER COLUMN d TYPE VARCHAR(64);
+
+SELECT d.stxdmcv IS NOT NULL
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d
+ WHERE s.stxname = 'mcv_lists_stats'
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+
+-- check change of column type resets the MCV statistics
+ALTER TABLE mcv_lists ALTER COLUMN c TYPE numeric;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1''');
+
+
+-- 100 distinct combinations, all in the MCV list, but with expressions
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats;
+
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT i, i, i, i FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+-- without any stats on the expressions, we have to use default selectivities, which
+-- is why the estimates here are different from the pre-computed case above
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 = mod(a,20) AND 1 = mod(b::int,10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < 1 AND mod(b::int,10) < 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 > mod(a,20) AND 1 > mod(b::int,10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1 AND mod(c,5) = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 OR mod(b::int,10) = 1 OR mod(c,25) = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) IN (1, 2, 51, 52, NULL) AND mod(b::int,10) IN ( 1, 2, NULL)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND mod(b::int,10) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) <= ANY (ARRAY[1, NULL, 2, 3]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, NULL, 3)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, 3) AND mod(c,5) > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+
+-- create statistics with expressions only (we create three separate stats, in order not to build more complex extended stats)
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_1 ON (mod(a,20)) FROM mcv_lists;
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_2 ON (mod(b::int,10)) FROM mcv_lists;
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_3 ON (mod(c,5)) FROM mcv_lists;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 = mod(a,20) AND 1 = mod(b::int,10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < 1 AND mod(b::int,10) < 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 > mod(a,20) AND 1 > mod(b::int,10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1 AND mod(c,5) = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 OR mod(b::int,10) = 1 OR mod(c,25) = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) IN (1, 2, 51, 52, NULL) AND mod(b::int,10) IN ( 1, 2, NULL)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND mod(b::int,10) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) <= ANY (ARRAY[1, NULL, 2, 3]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, NULL, 3)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, 3) AND mod(c,5) > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_1;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_2;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats_3;
+
+-- create statistics with both MCV and expressions
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON (mod(a,20)), (mod(b::int,10)), (mod(c,5)) FROM mcv_lists;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 = mod(a,20) AND 1 = mod(b::int,10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < 1 AND mod(b::int,10) < 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE 1 > mod(a,20) AND 1 > mod(b::int,10)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 AND mod(b::int,10) = 1 AND mod(c,5) = 1');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 OR mod(b::int,10) = 1 OR mod(c,25) = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) IN (1, 2, 51, 52, NULL) AND mod(b::int,10) IN ( 1, 2, NULL)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND mod(b::int,10) = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) <= ANY (ARRAY[1, NULL, 2, 3]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, NULL, 3)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND mod(b::int,10) IN (1, 2, 3) AND mod(c,5) > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+
+-- we can't use the statistic for OR clauses that are not fully covered (missing 'd' attribute)
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE mod(a,20) = 1 OR mod(b::int,10) = 1 OR mod(c,5) = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
+
+-- 100 distinct combinations with NULL values, all in the MCV list
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats;
+
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, filler1)
+     SELECT
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,100) = 1 THEN NULL ELSE mod(i,100) END),
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,50) = 1  THEN NULL ELSE mod(i,50) END),
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,25) = 1  THEN NULL ELSE mod(i,25) END),
+         i
+     FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NULL AND c IS NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NOT NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NOT NULL AND b IS NULL AND c IS NOT NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (0, 1) AND b IN (''0'', ''1'')');
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c FROM mcv_lists;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NULL AND c IS NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND b IS NOT NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NOT NULL AND b IS NULL AND c IS NOT NULL');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (0, 1) AND b IN (''0'', ''1'')');
+
+-- test pg_mcv_list_items with a very simple (single item) MCV list
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c) SELECT 1, 2, 3 FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT m.*
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d,
+       pg_mcv_list_items(d.stxdmcv) m
+ WHERE s.stxname = 'mcv_lists_stats'
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+
+-- 2 distinct combinations with NULL values, all in the MCV list
+TRUNCATE mcv_lists;
+DROP STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats;
+
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists (a, b, c, d)
+     SELECT
+         NULL, -- always NULL
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,2) = 0 THEN NULL ELSE 'x' END),
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,2) = 0 THEN NULL ELSE 0 END),
+         (CASE WHEN mod(i,2) = 0 THEN NULL ELSE 'x' END)
+     FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE b = ''x'' OR d = ''x''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''x'' OR d = ''x''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND (b = ''x'' OR d = ''x'')');
+
+-- create statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON a, b, d FROM mcv_lists;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists;
+
+-- test pg_mcv_list_items with MCV list containing variable-length data and NULLs
+SELECT m.*
+  FROM pg_statistic_ext s, pg_statistic_ext_data d,
+       pg_mcv_list_items(d.stxdmcv) m
+ WHERE s.stxname = 'mcv_lists_stats'
+   AND d.stxoid = s.oid;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE b = ''x'' OR d = ''x''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''x'' OR d = ''x''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IS NULL AND (b = ''x'' OR d = ''x'')');
+
+-- mcv with pass-by-ref fixlen types, e.g. uuid
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists_uuid (
+    a UUID,
+    b UUID,
+    c UUID
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_uuid (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         md5(mod(i,100)::text)::uuid,
+         md5(mod(i,50)::text)::uuid,
+         md5(mod(i,25)::text)::uuid
+     FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_uuid;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_uuid WHERE a = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND b = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_uuid WHERE a = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND b = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND c = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc''');
+
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_uuid_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c
+  FROM mcv_lists_uuid;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_uuid;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_uuid WHERE a = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND b = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc''');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_uuid WHERE a = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND b = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc'' AND c = ''1679091c-5a88-0faf-6fb5-e6087eb1b2dc''');
+
+DROP TABLE mcv_lists_uuid;
+
+-- mcv with arrays
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists_arrays (
+    a TEXT[],
+    b NUMERIC[],
+    c INT[]
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_arrays (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         ARRAY[md5((i/100)::text), md5((i/100-1)::text), md5((i/100+1)::text)],
+         ARRAY[(i/100-1)::numeric/1000, (i/100)::numeric/1000, (i/100+1)::numeric/1000],
+         ARRAY[(i/100-1), i/100, (i/100+1)]
+     FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_arrays_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c
+  FROM mcv_lists_arrays;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_arrays;
+
+-- mcv with bool
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists_bool (
+    a BOOL,
+    b BOOL,
+    c BOOL
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_bool (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         (mod(i,2) = 0), (mod(i,4) = 0), (mod(i,8) = 0)
+     FROM generate_series(1,10000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_bool;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE a AND b AND c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND b AND c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND NOT b AND c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND b AND NOT c');
+
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_bool_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c
+  FROM mcv_lists_bool;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_bool;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE a AND b AND c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND b AND c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND NOT b AND c');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_bool WHERE NOT a AND b AND NOT c');
+
+-- mcv covering just a small fraction of data
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists_partial (
+    a INT,
+    b INT,
+    c INT
+);
+
+-- 10 frequent groups, each with 100 elements
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_partial (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         mod(i,10),
+         mod(i,10),
+         mod(i,10)
+     FROM generate_series(0,999) s(i);
+
+-- 100 groups that will make it to the MCV list (includes the 10 frequent ones)
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_partial (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         i,
+         i,
+         i
+     FROM generate_series(0,99) s(i);
+
+-- 4000 groups in total, most of which won't make it (just a single item)
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_partial (a, b, c)
+     SELECT
+         i,
+         i,
+         i
+     FROM generate_series(0,3999) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_partial;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 0');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 10 AND b = 10 AND c = 10');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 10 OR b = 10 OR c = 10');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 10');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 10');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0) OR (a = 1 AND b = 1 AND c = 1) OR (a = 2 AND b = 2 AND c = 2)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0) OR (a = 0 AND c = 0) OR (b = 0 AND c = 0)');
+
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_partial_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c
+  FROM mcv_lists_partial;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_partial;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 0');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 10 AND b = 10 AND c = 10');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 10 OR b = 10 OR c = 10');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 10');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 10');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0) OR (a = 1 AND b = 1 AND c = 1) OR (a = 2 AND b = 2 AND c = 2)');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_partial WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0) OR (a = 0 AND c = 0) OR (b = 0 AND c = 0)');
+
+DROP TABLE mcv_lists_partial;
+
+-- check the ability to use multiple MCV lists
+CREATE TABLE mcv_lists_multi (
+	a INTEGER,
+	b INTEGER,
+	c INTEGER,
+	d INTEGER
+)
+WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+
+INSERT INTO mcv_lists_multi (a, b, c, d)
+    SELECT
+         mod(i,5),
+         mod(i,5),
+         mod(i,7),
+         mod(i,7)
+    FROM generate_series(1,5000) s(i);
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_multi;
+
+-- estimates without any mcv statistics
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE c = 0 AND d = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE b = 0 AND c = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE b = 0 OR c = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0 AND d = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0) OR (c = 0 AND d = 0)');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 0 OR d = 0');
+
+-- create separate MCV statistics
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_multi_1 (mcv) ON a, b FROM mcv_lists_multi;
+CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_multi_2 (mcv) ON c, d FROM mcv_lists_multi;
+
+ANALYZE mcv_lists_multi;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE c = 0 AND d = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE b = 0 AND c = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE b = 0 OR c = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 AND b = 0 AND c = 0 AND d = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE (a = 0 AND b = 0) OR (c = 0 AND d = 0)');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists_multi WHERE a = 0 OR b = 0 OR c = 0 OR d = 0');
+
+DROP TABLE mcv_lists_multi;
+
+
+-- statistics on integer expressions
+CREATE TABLE expr_stats (a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO expr_stats SELECT mod(i,10), mod(i,10), mod(i,10) FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE (2*a) = 0 AND (3*b) = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE (a+b) = 0 AND (a-b) = 0');
+
+CREATE STATISTICS expr_stats_1 (mcv) ON (a+b), (a-b), (2*a), (3*b) FROM expr_stats;
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE (2*a) = 0 AND (3*b) = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE (a+b) = 0 AND (a-b) = 0');
+
+DROP STATISTICS expr_stats_1;
+DROP TABLE expr_stats;
+
+-- statistics on a mix columns and expressions
+CREATE TABLE expr_stats (a int, b int, c int);
+INSERT INTO expr_stats SELECT mod(i,10), mod(i,10), mod(i,10) FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND (2*a) = 0 AND (3*b) = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 3 AND b = 3 AND (a-b) = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND b = 1 AND (a-b) = 0');
+
+CREATE STATISTICS expr_stats_1 (mcv) ON a, b, (2*a), (3*b), (a+b), (a-b) FROM expr_stats;
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND (2*a) = 0 AND (3*b) = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 3 AND b = 3 AND (a-b) = 0');
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND b = 1 AND (a-b) = 0');
+
+DROP TABLE expr_stats;
+
+-- statistics on expressions with different data types
+CREATE TABLE expr_stats (a int, b name, c text);
+INSERT INTO expr_stats SELECT mod(i,10), md5(mod(i,10)::text), md5(mod(i,10)::text) FROM generate_series(1,1000) s(i);
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND (b || c) <= ''z'' AND (c || b) >= ''0''');
+
+CREATE STATISTICS expr_stats_1 (mcv) ON a, b, (b || c), (c || b) FROM expr_stats;
+ANALYZE expr_stats;
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM expr_stats WHERE a = 0 AND (b || c) <= ''z'' AND (c || b) >= ''0''');
+
+DROP TABLE expr_stats;
+
+-- test handling of a mix of compatible and incompatible expressions
+CREATE TABLE expr_stats_incompatible_test (
+    c0 double precision,
+    c1 boolean NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE STATISTICS expr_stat_comp_1 ON c0, c1 FROM expr_stats_incompatible_test;
+
+INSERT INTO expr_stats_incompatible_test VALUES (1234,false), (5678,true);
+ANALYZE expr_stats_incompatible_test;
+
+SELECT c0 FROM ONLY expr_stats_incompatible_test WHERE
+(
+  upper('x') LIKE ('x'||('[0,1]'::int4range))
+  AND
+  (c0 IN (0, 1) OR c1)
+);
+
+DROP TABLE expr_stats_incompatible_test;
+
+-- Permission tests. Users should not be able to see specific data values in
+-- the extended statistics, if they lack permission to see those values in
+-- the underlying table.
+--
+-- Currently this is only relevant for MCV stats.
+CREATE SCHEMA tststats;
+
+CREATE TABLE tststats.priv_test_tbl (
+    a int,
+    b int
+);
+
+INSERT INTO tststats.priv_test_tbl
+     SELECT mod(i,5), mod(i,10) FROM generate_series(1,100) s(i);
+
+CREATE STATISTICS tststats.priv_test_stats (mcv) ON a, b
+  FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl;
+
+ANALYZE tststats.priv_test_tbl;
+
+-- Check printing info about extended statistics by \dX
+create table stts_t1 (a int, b int);
+create statistics stts_1 (ndistinct) on a, b from stts_t1;
+create statistics stts_2 (ndistinct, dependencies) on a, b from stts_t1;
+create statistics stts_3 (ndistinct, dependencies, mcv) on a, b from stts_t1;
+
+create table stts_t2 (a int, b int, c int);
+create statistics stts_4 on b, c from stts_t2;
+
+create table stts_t3 (col1 int, col2 int, col3 int);
+create statistics stts_hoge on col1, col2, col3 from stts_t3;
+
+create schema stts_s1;
+create schema stts_s2;
+create statistics stts_s1.stts_foo on col1, col2 from stts_t3;
+create statistics stts_s2.stts_yama (dependencies, mcv) on col1, col3 from stts_t3;
+
+insert into stts_t1 select i,i from generate_series(1,100) i;
+analyze stts_t1;
+set search_path to public, stts_s1, stts_s2, tststats;
+
+\dX
+\dX stts_?
+\dX *stts_hoge
+\dX+
+\dX+ stts_?
+\dX+ *stts_hoge
+\dX+ stts_s2.stts_yama
+
+set search_path to public, stts_s1;
+\dX
+
+create role regress_stats_ext nosuperuser;
+set role regress_stats_ext;
+\dX
+reset role;
+
+drop table stts_t1, stts_t2, stts_t3;
+drop schema stts_s1, stts_s2 cascade;
+drop user regress_stats_ext;
+reset search_path;
+
+-- User with no access
+CREATE USER regress_stats_user1;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA tststats TO regress_stats_user1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_stats_user1;
+SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl; -- Permission denied
+
+-- Check individual columns if we don't have table privilege
+SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl
+  WHERE a = 1 and tststats.priv_test_tbl.* > (1, 1) is not null;
+
+-- Attempt to gain access using a leaky operator
+CREATE FUNCTION op_leak(int, int) RETURNS bool
+    AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''op_leak => %, %'', $1, $2; RETURN $1 < $2; END'
+    LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE OPERATOR <<< (procedure = op_leak, leftarg = int, rightarg = int,
+                     restrict = scalarltsel);
+SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Permission denied
+DELETE FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Permission denied
+
+-- Grant access via a security barrier view, but hide all data
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE VIEW tststats.priv_test_view WITH (security_barrier=true)
+    AS SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl WHERE false;
+GRANT SELECT, DELETE ON tststats.priv_test_view TO regress_stats_user1;
+
+-- Should now have access via the view, but see nothing and leak nothing
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_stats_user1;
+SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_view WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Should not leak
+DELETE FROM tststats.priv_test_view WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Should not leak
+
+-- Grant table access, but hide all data with RLS
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+ALTER TABLE tststats.priv_test_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT SELECT, DELETE ON tststats.priv_test_tbl TO regress_stats_user1;
+
+-- Should now have direct table access, but see nothing and leak nothing
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_stats_user1;
+SELECT * FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Should not leak
+DELETE FROM tststats.priv_test_tbl WHERE a <<< 0 AND b <<< 0; -- Should not leak
+
+-- Tidy up
+DROP OPERATOR <<< (int, int);
+DROP FUNCTION op_leak(int, int);
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP SCHEMA tststats CASCADE;
+DROP USER regress_stats_user1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd4f1f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,856 @@
+--
+-- STRINGS
+-- Test various data entry syntaxes.
+--
+
+-- SQL string continuation syntax
+-- E021-03 character string literals
+SELECT 'first line'
+' - next line'
+	' - third line'
+	AS "Three lines to one";
+
+-- illegal string continuation syntax
+SELECT 'first line'
+' - next line' /* this comment is not allowed here */
+' - third line'
+	AS "Illegal comment within continuation";
+
+-- Unicode escapes
+SET standard_conforming_strings TO on;
+
+SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
+SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061" UESCAPE '*';
+SELECT U&'a\\b' AS "a\b";
+
+SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
+SELECT 'tricky' AS U&"\" UESCAPE '!';
+
+SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
+SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
+SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE +;
+SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
+
+SELECT U&'wrong: \db99';
+SELECT U&'wrong: \db99xy';
+SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\\';
+SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\0061';
+SELECT U&'wrong: \+00db99\+000061';
+SELECT U&'wrong: \+2FFFFF';
+
+-- while we're here, check the same cases in E-style literals
+SELECT E'd\u0061t\U00000061' AS "data";
+SELECT E'a\\b' AS "a\b";
+SELECT E'wrong: \u061';
+SELECT E'wrong: \U0061';
+SELECT E'wrong: \udb99';
+SELECT E'wrong: \udb99xy';
+SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\\';
+SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\u0061';
+SELECT E'wrong: \U0000db99\U00000061';
+SELECT E'wrong: \U002FFFFF';
+
+SET standard_conforming_strings TO off;
+
+SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
+SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061" UESCAPE '*';
+
+SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
+SELECT 'tricky' AS U&"\" UESCAPE '!';
+
+SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
+SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
+SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
+
+RESET standard_conforming_strings;
+
+-- bytea
+SET bytea_output TO hex;
+SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEf'::bytea;
+SELECT E'\\x De Ad Be Ef '::bytea;
+SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeE'::bytea;
+SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEx'::bytea;
+SELECT E'\\xDe00BeEf'::bytea;
+SELECT E'DeAdBeEf'::bytea;
+SELECT E'De\\000dBeEf'::bytea;
+SELECT E'De\123dBeEf'::bytea;
+SELECT E'De\\123dBeEf'::bytea;
+SELECT E'De\\678dBeEf'::bytea;
+
+SET bytea_output TO escape;
+SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEf'::bytea;
+SELECT E'\\x De Ad Be Ef '::bytea;
+SELECT E'\\xDe00BeEf'::bytea;
+SELECT E'DeAdBeEf'::bytea;
+SELECT E'De\\000dBeEf'::bytea;
+SELECT E'De\\123dBeEf'::bytea;
+
+--
+-- test conversions between various string types
+-- E021-10 implicit casting among the character data types
+--
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL;
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
+
+SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS text) AS "text(name)";
+
+-- since this is an explicit cast, it should truncate w/o error:
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
+-- note: implicit-cast case is tested in char.sql
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(20)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
+
+SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS char(10)) AS "char(name)";
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL;
+
+SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS varchar) AS "varchar(name)";
+
+--
+-- test SQL string functions
+-- E### and T### are feature reference numbers from SQL99
+--
+
+-- E021-09 trim function
+SELECT TRIM(BOTH FROM '  bunch o blanks  ') = 'bunch o blanks' AS "bunch o blanks";
+
+SELECT TRIM(LEADING FROM '  bunch o blanks  ') = 'bunch o blanks  ' AS "bunch o blanks  ";
+
+SELECT TRIM(TRAILING FROM '  bunch o blanks  ') = '  bunch o blanks' AS "  bunch o blanks";
+
+SELECT TRIM(BOTH 'x' FROM 'xxxxxsome Xsxxxxx') = 'some Xs' AS "some Xs";
+
+-- E021-06 substring expression
+SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 3) = '34567890' AS "34567890";
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 4 FOR 3) = '456' AS "456";
+
+-- test overflow cases
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "tring";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "string";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
+
+-- T581 regular expression substring (with SQL's bizarre regexp syntax)
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"(b_d)#"%' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcd";
+-- obsolete SQL99 syntax
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'a#"(b_d)#"%' FOR '#') AS "bcd";
+
+-- No match should return NULL
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR '#"(b_d)#"%' ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
+
+-- Null inputs should return NULL
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR '%' ESCAPE NULL) IS NULL AS "True";
+SELECT SUBSTRING(NULL SIMILAR '%' ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR NULL ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
+
+-- The first and last parts should act non-greedy
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a*#"%#"g*' ESCAPE '#') AS "abcdefg";
+
+-- Vertical bar in any part affects only that part
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a|b#"%#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%#"x|g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%|ab#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
+
+-- Can't have more than two part separators
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a*#"%#"g*#"x' ESCAPE '#') AS "error";
+
+-- Postgres extension: with 0 or 1 separator, assume parts 1 and 3 are empty
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdefg";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a%g' ESCAPE '#') AS "abcdefg";
+
+-- substring() with just two arguments is not allowed by SQL spec;
+-- we accept it, but we interpret the pattern as a POSIX regexp not SQL
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'c.e') AS "cde";
+
+-- With a parenthesized subexpression, return only what matches the subexpr
+SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'b(.*)f') AS "cde";
+-- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
+SELECT SUBSTRING('foo' FROM 'foo(bar)?') IS NULL AS t;
+
+-- Check behavior of SIMILAR TO, which uses largely the same regexp variant
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd%' AS true;
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO 'bcd%' AS false;
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '#' AS false;
+SELECT 'abcd%' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '#' AS true;
+-- Postgres uses '\' as the default escape character, which is not per spec
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd\%' AS false;
+-- and an empty string to mean "no escape", which is also not per spec
+SELECT 'abcd\efg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd\%' ESCAPE '' AS true;
+-- these behaviors are per spec, though:
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd%' ESCAPE NULL AS null;
+SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '##' AS error;
+
+-- Test backslash escapes in regexp_replace's replacement string
+SELECT regexp_replace('1112223333', E'(\\d{3})(\\d{3})(\\d{4})', E'(\\1) \\2-\\3');
+SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\&Y', 'g');
+SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\\\Y', 'g');
+-- not an error, though perhaps it should be:
+SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\Y\\1Z\\');
+
+SELECT regexp_replace('AAA   BBB   CCC   ', E'\\s+', ' ', 'g');
+SELECT regexp_replace('AAA', '^|$', 'Z', 'g');
+SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'gi');
+-- invalid regexp option
+SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'z');
+
+-- extended regexp_replace tests
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1);
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 2);
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 0, 'i');
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 1, 'i');
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 2, 'i');
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 3, 'i');
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 9, 'i');
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 7, 0, 'i');
+-- 'g' flag should be ignored when N is specified
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 1, 'g');
+-- errors
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', -1, 0, 'i');
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, -1, 'i');
+-- erroneous invocation of non-extended form
+SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', '1');
+
+--  regexp_count tests
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123123', '(12)3');
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 1);
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 3);
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 33);
+SELECT regexp_count('ABCABCABCABC', 'Abc', 1, '');
+SELECT regexp_count('ABCABCABCABC', 'Abc', 1, 'i');
+-- errors
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 0);
+SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', -3);
+
+-- regexp_like tests
+SELECT regexp_like('Steven', '^Ste(v|ph)en$');
+SELECT regexp_like('a'||CHR(10)||'d', 'a.d', 'n');
+SELECT regexp_like('a'||CHR(10)||'d', 'a.d', 's');
+SELECT regexp_like('abc', ' a . c ', 'x');
+SELECT regexp_like('abc', 'a.c', 'g');  -- error
+
+-- regexp_instr tests
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcdefghi', 'd.f');
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcdefghi', 'd.q');
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c');
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 2);
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 3);
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 4);
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'A.C', 1, 2, 0, 'i');
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 0);
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 1);
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 2);
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 3);
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 4);
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 5);
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 0);
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 1);
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 2);
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 3);
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 4);
+SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 5);
+-- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
+SELECT regexp_instr('foo', 'foo(bar)?', 1, 1, 0, '', 1);
+-- errors
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 0, 1);
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 0);
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, -1);
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 2);
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 0, 'g');
+SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 0, '', -1);
+
+-- regexp_substr tests
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcdefghi', 'd.f');
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcdefghi', 'd.q') IS NULL AS t;
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c');
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 2);
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 3);
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 4) IS NULL AS t;
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'A.C', 1, 2, 'i');
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 0);
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 1);
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 2);
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 3);
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 4);
+SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 5) IS NULL AS t;
+-- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
+SELECT regexp_substr('foo', 'foo(bar)?', 1, 1, '', 1) IS NULL AS t;
+-- errors
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 0, 1);
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 0);
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 'g');
+SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, '', -1);
+
+-- set so we can tell NULL from empty string
+\pset null '\\N'
+
+-- return all matches from regexp
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$);
+
+-- test case insensitive
+SELECT regexp_matches('foObARbEqUEbAz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'i');
+
+-- global option - more than one match
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebazilbarfbonk', $re$(b[^b]+)(b[^b]+)$re$, 'g');
+
+-- empty capture group (matched empty string)
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.*)(beque)$re$);
+-- no match
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)(beque)$re$);
+-- optional capture group did not match, null entry in array
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)?(beque)$re$);
+
+-- no capture groups
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$barbeque$re$);
+
+-- start/end-of-line matches are of zero length
+SELECT regexp_matches('foo' || chr(10) || 'bar' || chr(10) || 'bequq' || chr(10) || 'baz', '^', 'mg');
+SELECT regexp_matches('foo' || chr(10) || 'bar' || chr(10) || 'bequq' || chr(10) || 'baz', '$', 'mg');
+SELECT regexp_matches('1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4' || chr(10), '^.?', 'mg');
+SELECT regexp_matches(chr(10) || '1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4' || chr(10), '.?$', 'mg');
+SELECT regexp_matches(chr(10) || '1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4', '.?$', 'mg');
+
+-- give me errors
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'gz');
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(barbeque$re$);
+SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque){2,1}$re$);
+
+-- split string on regexp
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$) AS foo;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$);
+
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$) AS foo;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$);
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '') AS foo;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '');
+-- case insensitive
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'i') AS foo;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'i');
+-- no match of pattern
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 'nomatch') AS foo;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 'nomatch');
+-- some corner cases
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','1');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','6');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','.');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','(?:)');
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('1','');
+-- errors
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'zippy') AS foo;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'iz');
+-- global option meaningless for regexp_split
+SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'g') AS foo;
+SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'g');
+
+-- change NULL-display back
+\pset null ''
+
+-- E021-11 position expression
+SELECT POSITION('4' IN '1234567890') = '4' AS "4";
+
+SELECT POSITION('5' IN '1234567890') = '5' AS "5";
+
+-- T312 character overlay function
+SELECT OVERLAY('abcdef' PLACING '45' FROM 4) AS "abc45f";
+
+SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5) AS "yabadaba";
+
+SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5 FOR 0) AS "yabadabadoo";
+
+SELECT OVERLAY('babosa' PLACING 'ubb' FROM 2 FOR 4) AS "bubba";
+
+--
+-- test LIKE
+-- Be sure to form every test as a LIKE/NOT LIKE pair.
+--
+
+-- simplest examples
+-- E061-04 like predicate
+SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' AS "true";
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'H%' AS "false";
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'H%' AS "true";
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'indio%' AS "false";
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'indio%' AS "true";
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%eye' AS "true";
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%eye' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' AS "true";
+SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in__o' AS "true";
+SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in__o' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in_o' AS "false";
+SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in_o' AS "true";
+
+SELECT 'abc'::name LIKE '_b_' AS "true";
+SELECT 'abc'::name NOT LIKE '_b_' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'abc'::bytea LIKE '_b_'::bytea AS "true";
+SELECT 'abc'::bytea NOT LIKE '_b_'::bytea AS "false";
+
+-- unused escape character
+SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
+SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
+
+-- escape character
+-- E061-05 like predicate with escape clause
+SELECT 'h%' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
+SELECT 'h%' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
+SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
+
+SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
+SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'h%awkeye' LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
+SELECT 'h%awkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
+SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
+SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
+SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
+
+SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
+SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'a_c'::bytea LIKE 'a$__'::bytea ESCAPE '$'::bytea AS "true";
+SELECT 'a_c'::bytea NOT LIKE 'a$__'::bytea ESCAPE '$'::bytea AS "false";
+
+-- escape character same as pattern character
+SELECT 'maca' LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
+SELECT 'maca' NOT LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'ma%a' LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
+SELECT 'ma%a' NOT LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'bear' LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
+SELECT 'bear' NOT LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'be_r' LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
+SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'be_r' LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
+SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
+
+
+--
+-- test ILIKE (case-insensitive LIKE)
+-- Be sure to form every test as an ILIKE/NOT ILIKE pair.
+--
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%' AS "true";
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "true";
+SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'Hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
+SELECT 'Hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
+
+SELECT 'ABC'::name ILIKE '_b_' AS "true";
+SELECT 'ABC'::name NOT ILIKE '_b_' AS "false";
+
+--
+-- test %/_ combination cases, cf bugs #4821 and #5478
+--
+
+SELECT 'foo' LIKE '_%' as t, 'f' LIKE '_%' as t, '' LIKE '_%' as f;
+SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%_' as t, 'f' LIKE '%_' as t, '' LIKE '%_' as f;
+
+SELECT 'foo' LIKE '__%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '___%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '____%' as f;
+SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%__' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%___' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%____' as f;
+
+SELECT 'jack' LIKE '%____%' AS t;
+
+
+--
+-- basic tests of LIKE with indexes
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE texttest (a text PRIMARY KEY, b int);
+SELECT * FROM texttest WHERE a LIKE '%1%';
+
+CREATE TABLE byteatest (a bytea PRIMARY KEY, b int);
+SELECT * FROM byteatest WHERE a LIKE '%1%';
+
+DROP TABLE texttest, byteatest;
+
+
+--
+-- test implicit type conversion
+--
+
+-- E021-07 character concatenation
+SELECT 'unknown' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat unknown types";
+
+SELECT text 'text' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat text to unknown type";
+
+SELECT char(20) 'characters' || ' and text' AS "Concat char to unknown type";
+
+SELECT text 'text' || char(20) ' and characters' AS "Concat text to char";
+
+SELECT text 'text' || varchar ' and varchar' AS "Concat text to varchar";
+
+--
+-- test substr with toasted text values
+--
+CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 text);
+
+insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
+insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
+
+--
+-- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
+-- operation used in that case
+--
+alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
+insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
+insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
+
+-- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
+-- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL.
+SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
+
+-- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
+SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
+
+-- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
+-- string is assumed.
+SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
+
+-- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
+-- string length
+SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE toasttest;
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+-- expect >0 blocks
+SELECT pg_relation_size(reltoastrelid) = 0 AS is_empty
+  FROM pg_class where relname = 'toasttest';
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE toasttest;
+ALTER TABLE toasttest set (toast_tuple_target = 4080);
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
+-- expect 0 blocks
+SELECT pg_relation_size(reltoastrelid) = 0 AS is_empty
+  FROM pg_class where relname = 'toasttest';
+
+DROP TABLE toasttest;
+
+--
+-- test substr with toasted bytea values
+--
+CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 bytea);
+
+insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
+insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
+
+--
+-- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
+-- operation used in that case
+--
+alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
+insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
+insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
+
+-- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
+-- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL.
+SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
+
+-- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
+SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
+
+-- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
+-- string is assumed.
+SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
+
+-- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
+-- string length
+SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
+
+DROP TABLE toasttest;
+
+-- test internally compressing datums
+
+-- this tests compressing a datum to a very small size which exercises a
+-- corner case in packed-varlena handling: even though small, the compressed
+-- datum must be given a 4-byte header because there are no bits to indicate
+-- compression in a 1-byte header
+
+CREATE TABLE toasttest (c char(4096));
+INSERT INTO toasttest VALUES('x');
+SELECT length(c), c::text FROM toasttest;
+SELECT c FROM toasttest;
+DROP TABLE toasttest;
+
+--
+-- test length
+--
+
+SELECT length('abcdef') AS "length_6";
+
+--
+-- test strpos
+--
+
+SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'cd') AS "pos_3";
+
+SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
+
+SELECT strpos('abcdef', '') AS "pos_1";
+
+SELECT strpos('', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
+
+SELECT strpos('', '') AS "pos_1";
+
+--
+-- test replace
+--
+SELECT replace('abcdef', 'de', '45') AS "abc45f";
+
+SELECT replace('yabadabadoo', 'ba', '123') AS "ya123da123doo";
+
+SELECT replace('yabadoo', 'bad', '') AS "yaoo";
+
+--
+-- test split_part
+--
+select split_part('','@',1) AS "empty string";
+
+select split_part('','@',-1) AS "empty string";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',2) AS "empty string";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',-1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',-2) AS "empty string";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',0) AS "an error";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@@',1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@@',2) AS "empty string";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',1) AS "joeuser";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',2) AS "mydatabase";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',3) AS "empty string";
+
+select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',2) AS "joeuser";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-1) AS "mydatabase";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-2) AS "joeuser";
+
+select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-3) AS "empty string";
+
+select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',-2) AS "mydatabase";
+
+--
+-- test to_hex
+--
+select to_hex(256*256*256 - 1) AS "ffffff";
+
+select to_hex(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "ffffffff";
+
+--
+-- MD5 test suite - from IETF RFC 1321
+-- (see: ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1321.txt)
+--
+select md5('') = 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('a') = '0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('abc') = '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('message digest') = 'f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz') = 'c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789') = 'd174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890') = '57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5(''::bytea) = 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('a'::bytea) = '0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('abc'::bytea) = '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('message digest'::bytea) = 'f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'::bytea) = 'c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'::bytea) = 'd174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f' AS "TRUE";
+
+select md5('12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890'::bytea) = '57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a' AS "TRUE";
+
+--
+-- SHA-2
+--
+SET bytea_output TO hex;
+
+SELECT sha224('');
+SELECT sha224('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
+
+SELECT sha256('');
+SELECT sha256('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
+
+SELECT sha384('');
+SELECT sha384('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
+
+SELECT sha512('');
+SELECT sha512('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
+
+--
+-- encode/decode
+--
+SELECT encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'hex');
+SELECT decode('1234567890abcdef00', 'hex');
+SELECT encode(('\x' || repeat('1234567890abcdef0001', 7))::bytea, 'base64');
+SELECT decode(encode(('\x' || repeat('1234567890abcdef0001', 7))::bytea,
+                     'base64'), 'base64');
+SELECT encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'escape');
+SELECT decode(encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'escape'), 'escape');
+
+--
+-- get_bit/set_bit etc
+--
+SELECT get_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 43);
+SELECT get_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99);  -- error
+SELECT set_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 43, 0);
+SELECT set_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99, 0);  -- error
+SELECT get_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 3);
+SELECT get_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99);  -- error
+SELECT set_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 7, 11);
+SELECT set_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99, 11);  -- error
+
+--
+-- test behavior of escape_string_warning and standard_conforming_strings options
+--
+set escape_string_warning = off;
+set standard_conforming_strings = off;
+
+show escape_string_warning;
+show standard_conforming_strings;
+
+set escape_string_warning = on;
+set standard_conforming_strings = on;
+
+show escape_string_warning;
+show standard_conforming_strings;
+
+select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\'   as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
+
+set standard_conforming_strings = off;
+
+select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\'   as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
+
+set escape_string_warning = off;
+set standard_conforming_strings = on;
+
+select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\'   as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
+
+set standard_conforming_strings = off;
+
+select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\'   as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
+
+reset standard_conforming_strings;
+
+
+--
+-- Additional string functions
+--
+SET bytea_output TO escape;
+
+SELECT initcap('hi THOMAS');
+
+SELECT lpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
+SELECT lpad('hi', 5);
+SELECT lpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
+SELECT lpad('hello', 2);
+SELECT lpad('hi', 5, '');
+
+SELECT rpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
+SELECT rpad('hi', 5);
+SELECT rpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
+SELECT rpad('hello', 2);
+SELECT rpad('hi', 5, '');
+
+SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim', 'xyz');
+
+SELECT translate('', '14', 'ax');
+SELECT translate('12345', '14', 'ax');
+SELECT translate('12345', '134', 'a');
+
+SELECT ascii('x');
+SELECT ascii('');
+
+SELECT chr(65);
+SELECT chr(0);
+
+SELECT repeat('Pg', 4);
+SELECT repeat('Pg', -4);
+
+SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890'::bytea FROM 3) "34567890";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890'::bytea FROM 4 FOR 3) AS "456";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "tring";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "string";
+SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
+
+SELECT trim(E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
+SELECT trim(leading E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
+SELECT trim(trailing E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
+SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
+SELECT btrim(''::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
+SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, ''::bytea);
+SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'Th\\001omas'::bytea from 2),'escape');
+SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'\\002\\003'::bytea from 8),'escape');
+SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'\\002\\003'::bytea from 5 for 3),'escape');
+
+SELECT bit_count('\x1234567890'::bytea);
+
+SELECT unistr('\0064at\+0000610');
+SELECT unistr('d\u0061t\U000000610');
+SELECT unistr('a\\b');
+-- errors:
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \db99');
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \db99\0061');
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \+00db99\+000061');
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \+2FFFFF');
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \udb99\u0061');
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \U0000db99\U00000061');
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \U002FFFFF');
+SELECT unistr('wrong: \xyz');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c5e748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+--
+-- SUBSCRIPTION
+--
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_subscription_user LOGIN SUPERUSER;
+CREATE ROLE regress_subscription_user2;
+CREATE ROLE regress_subscription_user_dummy LOGIN NOSUPERUSER;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION 'regress_subscription_user';
+
+-- fail - no publications
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'foo';
+
+-- fail - no connection
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub PUBLICATION foo;
+
+-- fail - cannot do CREATE SUBSCRIPTION CREATE SLOT inside transaction block
+BEGIN;
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'testconn' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (create_slot);
+COMMIT;
+
+-- fail - invalid connection string
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'testconn' PUBLICATION testpub;
+
+-- fail - duplicate publications
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION foo, testpub, foo WITH (connect = false);
+
+-- ok
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false);
+
+COMMENT ON SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub IS 'test subscription';
+SELECT obj_description(s.oid, 'pg_subscription') FROM pg_subscription s;
+
+-- fail - name already exists
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false);
+
+-- fail - must be superuser
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION 'regress_subscription_user2';
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION foo WITH (connect = false);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION 'regress_subscription_user';
+
+-- fail - invalid option combinations
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, copy_data = true);
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, enabled = true);
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, create_slot = true);
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE, enabled = true);
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE, enabled = false, create_slot = true);
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE);
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE, enabled = false);
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub2 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE, create_slot = false);
+
+-- ok - with slot_name = NONE
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub3 CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (slot_name = NONE, connect = false);
+-- fail
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub3 ENABLE;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub3 REFRESH PUBLICATION;
+
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub3;
+
+-- fail, connection string does not parse
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub5 CONNECTION 'i_dont_exist=param' PUBLICATION testpub;
+
+-- fail, connection string parses, but doesn't work (and does so without
+-- connecting, so this is reliable and safe)
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub5 CONNECTION 'port=-1' PUBLICATION testpub;
+
+-- fail - invalid connection string during ALTER
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'foobar';
+
+\dRs+
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET PUBLICATION testpub2, testpub3 WITH (refresh = false);
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist2';
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = 'newname');
+
+-- fail
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = '');
+
+-- fail
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_doesnotexist CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist2';
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (create_slot = false);
+
+-- ok
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SKIP (lsn = '0/12345');
+
+\dRs+
+
+-- ok - with lsn = NONE
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SKIP (lsn = NONE);
+
+-- fail
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SKIP (lsn = '0/0');
+
+\dRs+
+
+BEGIN;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ENABLE;
+
+\dRs
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DISABLE;
+
+\dRs
+
+COMMIT;
+
+-- fail - must be owner of subscription
+SET ROLE regress_subscription_user_dummy;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub RENAME TO regress_testsub_dummy;
+RESET ROLE;
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub RENAME TO regress_testsub_foo;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub_foo SET (synchronous_commit = local);
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub_foo SET (synchronous_commit = foobar);
+
+\dRs+
+
+-- rename back to keep the rest simple
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub_foo RENAME TO regress_testsub;
+
+-- fail - new owner must be superuser
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub OWNER TO regress_subscription_user2;
+ALTER ROLE regress_subscription_user2 SUPERUSER;
+-- now it works
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub OWNER TO regress_subscription_user2;
+
+-- fail - cannot do DROP SUBSCRIPTION inside transaction block with slot name
+BEGIN;
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+COMMIT;
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+
+-- now it works
+BEGIN;
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+COMMIT;
+
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION IF EXISTS regress_testsub;
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;  -- fail
+
+-- fail - binary must be boolean
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, binary = foo);
+
+-- now it works
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, binary = true);
+
+\dRs+
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (binary = false);
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+
+\dRs+
+
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+
+-- fail - streaming must be boolean
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, streaming = foo);
+
+-- now it works
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, streaming = true);
+
+\dRs+
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (streaming = false);
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+
+\dRs+
+
+-- fail - publication already exists
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ADD PUBLICATION testpub WITH (refresh = false);
+
+-- fail - publication used more than once
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ADD PUBLICATION testpub1, testpub1 WITH (refresh = false);
+
+-- ok - add two publications into subscription
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ADD PUBLICATION testpub1, testpub2 WITH (refresh = false);
+
+-- fail - publications already exist
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ADD PUBLICATION testpub1, testpub2 WITH (refresh = false);
+
+\dRs+
+
+-- fail - publication used more then once
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DROP PUBLICATION testpub1, testpub1 WITH (refresh = false);
+
+-- fail - all publications are deleted
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DROP PUBLICATION testpub, testpub1, testpub2 WITH (refresh = false);
+
+-- fail - publication does not exist in subscription
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DROP PUBLICATION testpub3 WITH (refresh = false);
+
+-- ok - delete publications
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DROP PUBLICATION testpub1, testpub2 WITH (refresh = false);
+
+\dRs+
+
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION mypub
+       WITH (connect = false, create_slot = false, copy_data = false);
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub ENABLE;
+
+-- fail - ALTER SUBSCRIPTION with refresh is not allowed in a transaction
+-- block or function
+BEGIN;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET PUBLICATION mypub WITH (refresh = true);
+END;
+
+BEGIN;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub REFRESH PUBLICATION;
+END;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION func() RETURNS VOID AS
+$$ ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET PUBLICATION mypub WITH (refresh = true) $$ LANGUAGE SQL;
+SELECT func();
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub DISABLE;
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+DROP FUNCTION func;
+
+-- fail - two_phase must be boolean
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, two_phase = foo);
+
+-- now it works
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, two_phase = true);
+
+\dRs+
+--fail - alter of two_phase option not supported.
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (two_phase = false);
+
+-- but can alter streaming when two_phase enabled
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (streaming = true);
+
+\dRs+
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+
+-- two_phase and streaming are compatible.
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, streaming = true, two_phase = true);
+
+\dRs+
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+
+-- fail - disable_on_error must be boolean
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, disable_on_error = foo);
+
+-- now it works
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, disable_on_error = false);
+
+\dRs+
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (disable_on_error = true);
+
+\dRs+
+
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP ROLE regress_subscription_user;
+DROP ROLE regress_subscription_user2;
+DROP ROLE regress_subscription_user_dummy;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/subselect.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/subselect.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94ba91f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/subselect.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,939 @@
+--
+-- SUBSELECT
+--
+
+SELECT 1 AS one WHERE 1 IN (SELECT 1);
+
+SELECT 1 AS zero WHERE 1 NOT IN (SELECT 1);
+
+SELECT 1 AS zero WHERE 1 IN (SELECT 2);
+
+-- Check grammar's handling of extra parens in assorted contexts
+
+SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1 AS x) ss;
+SELECT * FROM ((SELECT 1 AS x)) ss;
+
+(SELECT 2) UNION SELECT 2;
+((SELECT 2)) UNION SELECT 2;
+
+SELECT ((SELECT 2) UNION SELECT 2);
+SELECT (((SELECT 2)) UNION SELECT 2);
+
+SELECT (SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3])[1];
+SELECT ((SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3]))[2];
+SELECT (((SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3])))[3];
+
+-- Set up some simple test tables
+
+CREATE TABLE SUBSELECT_TBL (
+  f1 integer,
+  f2 integer,
+  f3 float
+);
+
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (1, 2, 3);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (2, 3, 4);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (3, 4, 5);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (1, 1, 1);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (2, 2, 2);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (3, 3, 3);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (6, 7, 8);
+INSERT INTO SUBSELECT_TBL VALUES (8, 9, NULL);
+
+SELECT * FROM SUBSELECT_TBL;
+
+-- Uncorrelated subselects
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Constant Select" FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+  WHERE f1 IN (SELECT 1);
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Uncorrelated Field" FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+  WHERE f1 IN (SELECT f2 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL);
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Uncorrelated Field" FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+  WHERE f1 IN (SELECT f2 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL WHERE
+    f2 IN (SELECT f1 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL));
+
+SELECT f1, f2
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+  WHERE (f1, f2) NOT IN (SELECT f2, CAST(f3 AS int4) FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+                         WHERE f3 IS NOT NULL);
+
+-- Correlated subselects
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Correlated Field", f2 AS "Second Field"
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL upper
+  WHERE f1 IN (SELECT f2 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL WHERE f1 = upper.f1);
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Correlated Field", f3 AS "Second Field"
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL upper
+  WHERE f1 IN
+    (SELECT f2 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL WHERE CAST(upper.f2 AS float) = f3);
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Correlated Field", f3 AS "Second Field"
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL upper
+  WHERE f3 IN (SELECT upper.f1 + f2 FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+               WHERE f2 = CAST(f3 AS integer));
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Correlated Field"
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+  WHERE (f1, f2) IN (SELECT f2, CAST(f3 AS int4) FROM SUBSELECT_TBL
+                     WHERE f3 IS NOT NULL);
+
+--
+-- Use some existing tables in the regression test
+--
+
+SELECT ss.f1 AS "Correlated Field", ss.f3 AS "Second Field"
+  FROM SUBSELECT_TBL ss
+  WHERE f1 NOT IN (SELECT f1+1 FROM INT4_TBL
+                   WHERE f1 != ss.f1 AND f1 < 2147483647);
+
+select q1, float8(count(*)) / (select count(*) from int8_tbl)
+from int8_tbl group by q1 order by q1;
+
+-- Unspecified-type literals in output columns should resolve as text
+
+SELECT *, pg_typeof(f1) FROM
+  (SELECT 'foo' AS f1 FROM generate_series(1,3)) ss ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- ... unless there's context to suggest differently
+
+explain (verbose, costs off) select '42' union all select '43';
+explain (verbose, costs off) select '42' union all select 43;
+
+-- check materialization of an initplan reference (bug #14524)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select 1 = all (select (select 1));
+select 1 = all (select (select 1));
+
+--
+-- Check EXISTS simplification with LIMIT
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl o where exists
+  (select 1 from int4_tbl i where i.f1=o.f1 limit null);
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl o where not exists
+  (select 1 from int4_tbl i where i.f1=o.f1 limit 1);
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl o where exists
+  (select 1 from int4_tbl i where i.f1=o.f1 limit 0);
+
+--
+-- Test cases to catch unpleasant interactions between IN-join processing
+-- and subquery pullup.
+--
+
+select count(*) from
+  (select 1 from tenk1 a
+   where unique1 IN (select hundred from tenk1 b)) ss;
+select count(distinct ss.ten) from
+  (select ten from tenk1 a
+   where unique1 IN (select hundred from tenk1 b)) ss;
+select count(*) from
+  (select 1 from tenk1 a
+   where unique1 IN (select distinct hundred from tenk1 b)) ss;
+select count(distinct ss.ten) from
+  (select ten from tenk1 a
+   where unique1 IN (select distinct hundred from tenk1 b)) ss;
+
+--
+-- Test cases to check for overenthusiastic optimization of
+-- "IN (SELECT DISTINCT ...)" and related cases.  Per example from
+-- Luca Pireddu and Michael Fuhr.
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE foo (id integer);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE bar (id1 integer, id2 integer);
+
+INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1);
+
+INSERT INTO bar VALUES (1, 1);
+INSERT INTO bar VALUES (2, 2);
+INSERT INTO bar VALUES (3, 1);
+
+-- These cases require an extra level of distinct-ing above subquery s
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT DISTINCT id1, id2 FROM bar) AS s);
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT id1,id2 FROM bar GROUP BY id1,id2) AS s);
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT id1, id2 FROM bar UNION
+                      SELECT id1, id2 FROM bar) AS s);
+
+-- These cases do not
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT DISTINCT ON (id2) id1, id2 FROM bar) AS s);
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT id2 FROM bar GROUP BY id2) AS s);
+SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id IN
+    (SELECT id2 FROM (SELECT id2 FROM bar UNION
+                      SELECT id2 FROM bar) AS s);
+
+--
+-- Test case to catch problems with multiply nested sub-SELECTs not getting
+-- recalculated properly.  Per bug report from Didier Moens.
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE orderstest (
+    approver_ref integer,
+    po_ref integer,
+    ordercanceled boolean
+);
+
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (1, 1, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 5, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 6, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 7, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 1, true);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 8, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 1, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (77, 1, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (1, 1, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (66, 1, false);
+INSERT INTO orderstest VALUES (1, 1, false);
+
+CREATE VIEW orders_view AS
+SELECT *,
+(SELECT CASE
+   WHEN ord.approver_ref=1 THEN '---' ELSE 'Approved'
+ END) AS "Approved",
+(SELECT CASE
+ WHEN ord.ordercanceled
+ THEN 'Canceled'
+ ELSE
+  (SELECT CASE
+		WHEN ord.po_ref=1
+		THEN
+		 (SELECT CASE
+				WHEN ord.approver_ref=1
+				THEN '---'
+				ELSE 'Approved'
+			END)
+		ELSE 'PO'
+	END)
+END) AS "Status",
+(CASE
+ WHEN ord.ordercanceled
+ THEN 'Canceled'
+ ELSE
+  (CASE
+		WHEN ord.po_ref=1
+		THEN
+		 (CASE
+				WHEN ord.approver_ref=1
+				THEN '---'
+				ELSE 'Approved'
+			END)
+		ELSE 'PO'
+	END)
+END) AS "Status_OK"
+FROM orderstest ord;
+
+SELECT * FROM orders_view;
+
+DROP TABLE orderstest cascade;
+
+--
+-- Test cases to catch situations where rule rewriter fails to propagate
+-- hasSubLinks flag correctly.  Per example from Kyle Bateman.
+--
+
+create temp table parts (
+    partnum     text,
+    cost        float8
+);
+
+create temp table shipped (
+    ttype       char(2),
+    ordnum      int4,
+    partnum     text,
+    value       float8
+);
+
+create temp view shipped_view as
+    select * from shipped where ttype = 'wt';
+
+create rule shipped_view_insert as on insert to shipped_view do instead
+    insert into shipped values('wt', new.ordnum, new.partnum, new.value);
+
+insert into parts (partnum, cost) values (1, 1234.56);
+
+insert into shipped_view (ordnum, partnum, value)
+    values (0, 1, (select cost from parts where partnum = '1'));
+
+select * from shipped_view;
+
+create rule shipped_view_update as on update to shipped_view do instead
+    update shipped set partnum = new.partnum, value = new.value
+        where ttype = new.ttype and ordnum = new.ordnum;
+
+update shipped_view set value = 11
+    from int4_tbl a join int4_tbl b
+      on (a.f1 = (select f1 from int4_tbl c where c.f1=b.f1))
+    where ordnum = a.f1;
+
+select * from shipped_view;
+
+select f1, ss1 as relabel from
+    (select *, (select sum(f1) from int4_tbl b where f1 >= a.f1) as ss1
+     from int4_tbl a) ss;
+
+--
+-- Test cases involving PARAM_EXEC parameters and min/max index optimizations.
+-- Per bug report from David Sanchez i Gregori.
+--
+
+select * from (
+  select max(unique1) from tenk1 as a
+  where exists (select 1 from tenk1 as b where b.thousand = a.unique2)
+) ss;
+
+select * from (
+  select min(unique1) from tenk1 as a
+  where not exists (select 1 from tenk1 as b where b.unique2 = 10000)
+) ss;
+
+--
+-- Test that an IN implemented using a UniquePath does unique-ification
+-- with the right semantics, as per bug #4113.  (Unfortunately we have
+-- no simple way to ensure that this test case actually chooses that type
+-- of plan, but it does in releases 7.4-8.3.  Note that an ordering difference
+-- here might mean that some other plan type is being used, rendering the test
+-- pointless.)
+--
+
+create temp table numeric_table (num_col numeric);
+insert into numeric_table values (1), (1.000000000000000000001), (2), (3);
+
+create temp table float_table (float_col float8);
+insert into float_table values (1), (2), (3);
+
+select * from float_table
+  where float_col in (select num_col from numeric_table);
+
+select * from numeric_table
+  where num_col in (select float_col from float_table);
+
+--
+-- Test case for bug #4290: bogus calculation of subplan param sets
+--
+
+create temp table ta (id int primary key, val int);
+
+insert into ta values(1,1);
+insert into ta values(2,2);
+
+create temp table tb (id int primary key, aval int);
+
+insert into tb values(1,1);
+insert into tb values(2,1);
+insert into tb values(3,2);
+insert into tb values(4,2);
+
+create temp table tc (id int primary key, aid int);
+
+insert into tc values(1,1);
+insert into tc values(2,2);
+
+select
+  ( select min(tb.id) from tb
+    where tb.aval = (select ta.val from ta where ta.id = tc.aid) ) as min_tb_id
+from tc;
+
+--
+-- Test case for 8.3 "failed to locate grouping columns" bug
+--
+
+create temp table t1 (f1 numeric(14,0), f2 varchar(30));
+
+select * from
+  (select distinct f1, f2, (select f2 from t1 x where x.f1 = up.f1) as fs
+   from t1 up) ss
+group by f1,f2,fs;
+
+--
+-- Test case for bug #5514 (mishandling of whole-row Vars in subselects)
+--
+
+create temp table table_a(id integer);
+insert into table_a values (42);
+
+create temp view view_a as select * from table_a;
+
+select view_a from view_a;
+select (select view_a) from view_a;
+select (select (select view_a)) from view_a;
+select (select (a.*)::text) from view_a a;
+
+--
+-- Check that whole-row Vars reading the result of a subselect don't include
+-- any junk columns therein
+--
+
+select q from (select max(f1) from int4_tbl group by f1 order by f1) q;
+with q as (select max(f1) from int4_tbl group by f1 order by f1)
+  select q from q;
+
+--
+-- Test case for sublinks pulled up into joinaliasvars lists in an
+-- inherited update/delete query
+--
+
+begin;  --  this shouldn't delete anything, but be safe
+
+delete from road
+where exists (
+  select 1
+  from
+    int4_tbl cross join
+    ( select f1, array(select q1 from int8_tbl) as arr
+      from text_tbl ) ss
+  where road.name = ss.f1 );
+
+rollback;
+
+--
+-- Test case for sublinks pushed down into subselects via join alias expansion
+--
+
+select
+  (select sq1) as qq1
+from
+  (select exists(select 1 from int4_tbl where f1 = q2) as sq1, 42 as dummy
+   from int8_tbl) sq0
+  join
+  int4_tbl i4 on dummy = i4.f1;
+
+--
+-- Test case for subselect within UPDATE of INSERT...ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
+--
+create temp table upsert(key int4 primary key, val text);
+insert into upsert values(1, 'val') on conflict (key) do update set val = 'not seen';
+insert into upsert values(1, 'val') on conflict (key) do update set val = 'seen with subselect ' || (select f1 from int4_tbl where f1 != 0 limit 1)::text;
+
+select * from upsert;
+
+with aa as (select 'int4_tbl' u from int4_tbl limit 1)
+insert into upsert values (1, 'x'), (999, 'y')
+on conflict (key) do update set val = (select u from aa)
+returning *;
+
+--
+-- Test case for cross-type partial matching in hashed subplan (bug #7597)
+--
+
+create temp table outer_7597 (f1 int4, f2 int4);
+insert into outer_7597 values (0, 0);
+insert into outer_7597 values (1, 0);
+insert into outer_7597 values (0, null);
+insert into outer_7597 values (1, null);
+
+create temp table inner_7597(c1 int8, c2 int8);
+insert into inner_7597 values(0, null);
+
+select * from outer_7597 where (f1, f2) not in (select * from inner_7597);
+
+--
+-- Similar test case using text that verifies that collation
+-- information is passed through by execTuplesEqual() in nodeSubplan.c
+-- (otherwise it would error in texteq())
+--
+
+create temp table outer_text (f1 text, f2 text);
+insert into outer_text values ('a', 'a');
+insert into outer_text values ('b', 'a');
+insert into outer_text values ('a', null);
+insert into outer_text values ('b', null);
+
+create temp table inner_text (c1 text, c2 text);
+insert into inner_text values ('a', null);
+insert into inner_text values ('123', '456');
+
+select * from outer_text where (f1, f2) not in (select * from inner_text);
+
+--
+-- Another test case for cross-type hashed subplans: comparison of
+-- inner-side values must be done with appropriate operator
+--
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select 'foo'::text in (select 'bar'::name union all select 'bar'::name);
+
+select 'foo'::text in (select 'bar'::name union all select 'bar'::name);
+
+--
+-- Test that we don't try to hash nested records (bug #17363)
+-- (Hashing could be supported, but for now we don't)
+--
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select row(row(row(1))) = any (select row(row(1)));
+
+select row(row(row(1))) = any (select row(row(1)));
+
+--
+-- Test case for premature memory release during hashing of subplan output
+--
+
+select '1'::text in (select '1'::name union all select '1'::name);
+
+--
+-- Test that we don't try to use a hashed subplan if the simplified
+-- testexpr isn't of the right shape
+--
+
+-- this fails by default, of course
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+
+begin;
+
+-- make an operator to allow it to succeed
+create function bogus_int8_text_eq(int8, text) returns boolean
+language sql as 'select $1::text = $2';
+
+create operator = (procedure=bogus_int8_text_eq, leftarg=int8, rightarg=text);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+
+-- inlining of this function results in unusual number of hash clauses,
+-- which we can still cope with
+create or replace function bogus_int8_text_eq(int8, text) returns boolean
+language sql as 'select $1::text = $2 and $1::text = $2';
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+
+-- inlining of this function causes LHS and RHS to be switched,
+-- which we can't cope with, so hashing should be abandoned
+create or replace function bogus_int8_text_eq(int8, text) returns boolean
+language sql as 'select $2 = $1::text';
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+select * from int8_tbl where q1 in (select c1 from inner_text);
+
+rollback;  -- to get rid of the bogus operator
+
+--
+-- Test resolution of hashed vs non-hashed implementation of EXISTS subplan
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from tenk1 t
+where (exists(select 1 from tenk1 k where k.unique1 = t.unique2) or ten < 0);
+select count(*) from tenk1 t
+where (exists(select 1 from tenk1 k where k.unique1 = t.unique2) or ten < 0);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from tenk1 t
+where (exists(select 1 from tenk1 k where k.unique1 = t.unique2) or ten < 0)
+  and thousand = 1;
+select count(*) from tenk1 t
+where (exists(select 1 from tenk1 k where k.unique1 = t.unique2) or ten < 0)
+  and thousand = 1;
+
+-- It's possible for the same EXISTS to get resolved both ways
+create temp table exists_tbl (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int) partition by list (c1);
+create temp table exists_tbl_null partition of exists_tbl for values in (null);
+create temp table exists_tbl_def partition of exists_tbl default;
+insert into exists_tbl select x, x/2, x+1 from generate_series(0,10) x;
+analyze exists_tbl;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from exists_tbl t1
+  where (exists(select 1 from exists_tbl t2 where t1.c1 = t2.c2) or c3 < 0);
+select * from exists_tbl t1
+  where (exists(select 1 from exists_tbl t2 where t1.c1 = t2.c2) or c3 < 0);
+
+--
+-- Test case for planner bug with nested EXISTS handling
+--
+select a.thousand from tenk1 a, tenk1 b
+where a.thousand = b.thousand
+  and exists ( select 1 from tenk1 c where b.hundred = c.hundred
+                   and not exists ( select 1 from tenk1 d
+                                    where a.thousand = d.thousand ) );
+
+--
+-- Check that nested sub-selects are not pulled up if they contain volatiles
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select x, x from
+    (select (select now()) as x from (values(1),(2)) v(y)) ss;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select x, x from
+    (select (select random()) as x from (values(1),(2)) v(y)) ss;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select x, x from
+    (select (select now() where y=y) as x from (values(1),(2)) v(y)) ss;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+  select x, x from
+    (select (select random() where y=y) as x from (values(1),(2)) v(y)) ss;
+
+--
+-- Test rescan of a hashed subplan (the use of random() is to prevent the
+-- sub-select from being pulled up, which would result in not hashing)
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select sum(ss.tst::int) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+  select i.ten in (select f1 from int4_tbl where f1 <= o.hundred) as tst,
+         random() as r
+  from onek i where i.unique1 = o.unique1 ) ss
+where o.ten = 0;
+
+select sum(ss.tst::int) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+  select i.ten in (select f1 from int4_tbl where f1 <= o.hundred) as tst,
+         random() as r
+  from onek i where i.unique1 = o.unique1 ) ss
+where o.ten = 0;
+
+--
+-- Test rescan of a SetOp node
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+    select * from onek i1 where i1.unique1 = o.unique1
+    except
+    select * from onek i2 where i2.unique1 = o.unique2
+  ) ss
+where o.ten = 1;
+
+select count(*) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+    select * from onek i1 where i1.unique1 = o.unique1
+    except
+    select * from onek i2 where i2.unique1 = o.unique2
+  ) ss
+where o.ten = 1;
+
+--
+-- Test rescan of a RecursiveUnion node
+--
+explain (costs off)
+select sum(o.four), sum(ss.a) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+    with recursive x(a) as
+      (select o.four as a
+       union
+       select a + 1 from x
+       where a < 10)
+    select * from x
+  ) ss
+where o.ten = 1;
+
+select sum(o.four), sum(ss.a) from
+  onek o cross join lateral (
+    with recursive x(a) as
+      (select o.four as a
+       union
+       select a + 1 from x
+       where a < 10)
+    select * from x
+  ) ss
+where o.ten = 1;
+
+--
+-- Check we don't misoptimize a NOT IN where the subquery returns no rows.
+--
+create temp table notinouter (a int);
+create temp table notininner (b int not null);
+insert into notinouter values (null), (1);
+
+select * from notinouter where a not in (select b from notininner);
+
+--
+-- Check we behave sanely in corner case of empty SELECT list (bug #8648)
+--
+create temp table nocolumns();
+select exists(select * from nocolumns);
+
+--
+-- Check behavior with a SubPlan in VALUES (bug #14924)
+--
+select val.x
+  from generate_series(1,10) as s(i),
+  lateral (
+    values ((select s.i + 1)), (s.i + 101)
+  ) as val(x)
+where s.i < 10 and (select val.x) < 110;
+
+-- another variant of that (bug #16213)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+(values
+  (3 not in (select * from (values (1), (2)) ss1)),
+  (false)
+) ss;
+
+select * from
+(values
+  (3 not in (select * from (values (1), (2)) ss1)),
+  (false)
+) ss;
+
+--
+-- Check sane behavior with nested IN SubLinks
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl where
+  (case when f1 in (select unique1 from tenk1 a) then f1 else null end) in
+  (select ten from tenk1 b);
+select * from int4_tbl where
+  (case when f1 in (select unique1 from tenk1 a) then f1 else null end) in
+  (select ten from tenk1 b);
+
+--
+-- Check for incorrect optimization when IN subquery contains a SRF
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from int4_tbl o where (f1, f1) in
+  (select f1, generate_series(1,50) / 10 g from int4_tbl i group by f1);
+select * from int4_tbl o where (f1, f1) in
+  (select f1, generate_series(1,50) / 10 g from int4_tbl i group by f1);
+
+--
+-- check for over-optimization of whole-row Var referencing an Append plan
+--
+select (select q from
+         (select 1,2,3 where f1 > 0
+          union all
+          select 4,5,6.0 where f1 <= 0
+         ) q )
+from int4_tbl;
+
+--
+-- Check for sane handling of a lateral reference in a subquery's quals
+-- (most of the complication here is to prevent the test case from being
+-- flattened too much)
+--
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+    int4_tbl i4,
+    lateral (
+        select i4.f1 > 1 as b, 1 as id
+        from (select random() order by 1) as t1
+      union all
+        select true as b, 2 as id
+    ) as t2
+where b and f1 >= 0;
+
+select * from
+    int4_tbl i4,
+    lateral (
+        select i4.f1 > 1 as b, 1 as id
+        from (select random() order by 1) as t1
+      union all
+        select true as b, 2 as id
+    ) as t2
+where b and f1 >= 0;
+
+--
+-- Check that volatile quals aren't pushed down past a DISTINCT:
+-- nextval() should not be called more than the nominal number of times
+--
+create temp sequence ts1;
+
+select * from
+  (select distinct ten from tenk1) ss
+  where ten < 10 + nextval('ts1')
+  order by 1;
+
+select nextval('ts1');
+
+--
+-- Check that volatile quals aren't pushed down past a set-returning function;
+-- while a nonvolatile qual can be, if it doesn't reference the SRF.
+--
+create function tattle(x int, y int) returns bool
+volatile language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'x = %, y = %', x, y;
+  return x > y;
+end$$;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, 8);
+
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, 8);
+
+-- if we pretend it's stable, we get different results:
+alter function tattle(x int, y int) stable;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, 8);
+
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, 8);
+
+-- although even a stable qual should not be pushed down if it references SRF
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, u);
+
+select * from
+  (select 9 as x, unnest(array[1,2,3,11,12,13]) as u) ss
+  where tattle(x, u);
+
+drop function tattle(x int, y int);
+
+--
+-- Test that LIMIT can be pushed to SORT through a subquery that just projects
+-- columns.  We check for that having happened by looking to see if EXPLAIN
+-- ANALYZE shows that a top-N sort was used.  We must suppress or filter away
+-- all the non-invariant parts of the EXPLAIN ANALYZE output.
+--
+create table sq_limit (pk int primary key, c1 int, c2 int);
+insert into sq_limit values
+    (1, 1, 1),
+    (2, 2, 2),
+    (3, 3, 3),
+    (4, 4, 4),
+    (5, 1, 1),
+    (6, 2, 2),
+    (7, 3, 3),
+    (8, 4, 4);
+
+create function explain_sq_limit() returns setof text language plpgsql as
+$$
+declare ln text;
+begin
+    for ln in
+        explain (analyze, summary off, timing off, costs off)
+        select * from (select pk,c2 from sq_limit order by c1,pk) as x limit 3
+    loop
+        ln := regexp_replace(ln, 'Memory: \S*',  'Memory: xxx');
+        return next ln;
+    end loop;
+end;
+$$;
+
+select * from explain_sq_limit();
+
+select * from (select pk,c2 from sq_limit order by c1,pk) as x limit 3;
+
+drop function explain_sq_limit();
+
+drop table sq_limit;
+
+--
+-- Ensure that backward scan direction isn't propagated into
+-- expression subqueries (bug #15336)
+--
+
+begin;
+
+declare c1 scroll cursor for
+ select * from generate_series(1,4) i
+  where i <> all (values (2),(3));
+
+move forward all in c1;
+fetch backward all in c1;
+
+commit;
+
+--
+-- Tests for CTE inlining behavior
+--
+
+-- Basic subquery that can be inlined
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from (select f1 from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x where f1 = 1;
+
+-- Explicitly request materialization
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as materialized (select * from (select f1 from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x where f1 = 1;
+
+-- Stable functions are safe to inline
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from (select f1, now() from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x where f1 = 1;
+
+-- Volatile functions prevent inlining
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from (select f1, random() from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x where f1 = 1;
+
+-- SELECT FOR UPDATE cannot be inlined
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from (select f1 from subselect_tbl for update) ss)
+select * from x where f1 = 1;
+
+-- Multiply-referenced CTEs are inlined only when requested
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from (select f1, now() as n from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x, x x2 where x.n = x2.n;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as not materialized (select * from (select f1, now() as n from subselect_tbl) ss)
+select * from x, x x2 where x.n = x2.n;
+
+-- Multiply-referenced CTEs can't be inlined if they contain outer self-refs
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive x(a) as
+  ((values ('a'), ('b'))
+   union all
+   (with z as not materialized (select * from x)
+    select z.a || z1.a as a from z cross join z as z1
+    where length(z.a || z1.a) < 5))
+select * from x;
+
+with recursive x(a) as
+  ((values ('a'), ('b'))
+   union all
+   (with z as not materialized (select * from x)
+    select z.a || z1.a as a from z cross join z as z1
+    where length(z.a || z1.a) < 5))
+select * from x;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive x(a) as
+  ((values ('a'), ('b'))
+   union all
+   (with z as not materialized (select * from x)
+    select z.a || z.a as a from z
+    where length(z.a || z.a) < 5))
+select * from x;
+
+with recursive x(a) as
+  ((values ('a'), ('b'))
+   union all
+   (with z as not materialized (select * from x)
+    select z.a || z.a as a from z
+    where length(z.a || z.a) < 5))
+select * from x;
+
+-- Check handling of outer references
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from int4_tbl)
+select * from (with y as (select * from x) select * from y) ss;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as materialized (select * from int4_tbl)
+select * from (with y as (select * from x) select * from y) ss;
+
+-- Ensure that we inline the currect CTE when there are
+-- multiple CTEs with the same name
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select 1 as y)
+select * from (with x as (select 2 as y) select * from x) ss;
+
+-- Row marks are not pushed into CTEs
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with x as (select * from subselect_tbl)
+select * from x for update;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..351e469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+--
+-- Test assorted system views
+--
+-- This test is mainly meant to provide some code coverage for the
+-- set-returning functions that underlie certain system views.
+-- The output of most of these functions is very environment-dependent,
+-- so our ability to test with fixed expected output is pretty limited;
+-- but even a trivial check of count(*) will exercise the normal code path
+-- through the SRF.
+
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok from pg_available_extension_versions;
+
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok from pg_available_extensions;
+
+-- The entire output of pg_backend_memory_contexts is not stable,
+-- we test only the existence and basic condition of TopMemoryContext.
+select name, ident, parent, level, total_bytes >= free_bytes
+  from pg_backend_memory_contexts where level = 0;
+
+-- At introduction, pg_config had 23 entries; it may grow
+select count(*) > 20 as ok from pg_config;
+
+-- We expect no cursors in this test; see also portals.sql
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_cursors;
+
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok from pg_file_settings;
+
+-- There will surely be at least one rule, with no errors.
+select count(*) > 0 as ok, count(*) FILTER (WHERE error IS NOT NULL) = 0 AS no_err
+  from pg_hba_file_rules;
+
+-- There may be no rules, and there should be no errors.
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok, count(*) FILTER (WHERE error IS NOT NULL) = 0 AS no_err
+  from pg_ident_file_mappings;
+
+-- There will surely be at least one active lock
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from pg_locks;
+
+-- We expect no prepared statements in this test; see also prepare.sql
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_prepared_statements;
+
+-- See also prepared_xacts.sql
+select count(*) >= 0 as ok from pg_prepared_xacts;
+
+-- There will surely be at least one SLRU cache
+select count(*) > 0 as ok from pg_stat_slru;
+
+-- There must be only one record
+select count(*) = 1 as ok from pg_stat_wal;
+
+-- We expect no walreceiver running in this test
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_wal_receiver;
+
+-- This is to record the prevailing planner enable_foo settings during
+-- a regression test run.
+select name, setting from pg_settings where name like 'enable%';
+
+-- Test that the pg_timezone_names and pg_timezone_abbrevs views are
+-- more-or-less working.  We can't test their contents in any great detail
+-- without the outputs changing anytime IANA updates the underlying data,
+-- but it seems reasonable to expect at least one entry per major meridian.
+-- (At the time of writing, the actual counts are around 38 because of
+-- zones using fractional GMT offsets, so this is a pretty loose test.)
+select count(distinct utc_offset) >= 24 as ok from pg_timezone_names;
+select count(distinct utc_offset) >= 24 as ok from pg_timezone_abbrevs;
+-- Let's check the non-default timezone abbreviation sets, too
+set timezone_abbreviations = 'Australia';
+select count(distinct utc_offset) >= 24 as ok from pg_timezone_abbrevs;
+set timezone_abbreviations = 'India';
+select count(distinct utc_offset) >= 24 as ok from pg_timezone_abbrevs;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tablesample.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tablesample.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa17994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tablesample.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+CREATE TABLE test_tablesample (id int, name text) WITH (fillfactor=10);
+-- use fillfactor so we don't have to load too much data to get multiple pages
+
+INSERT INTO test_tablesample
+  SELECT i, repeat(i::text, 200) FROM generate_series(0, 9) s(i);
+
+SELECT t.id FROM test_tablesample AS t TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (0);
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (100.0/11) REPEATABLE (0);
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (0);
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (50) REPEATABLE (0);
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (5.5) REPEATABLE (0);
+
+-- 100% should give repeatable count results (ie, all rows) in any case
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (100);
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (100) REPEATABLE (1+2);
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (100) REPEATABLE (0.4);
+
+CREATE VIEW test_tablesample_v1 AS
+  SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (10*2) REPEATABLE (2);
+CREATE VIEW test_tablesample_v2 AS
+  SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (99);
+\d+ test_tablesample_v1
+\d+ test_tablesample_v2
+
+-- check a sampled query doesn't affect cursor in progress
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE tablesample_cur SCROLL CURSOR FOR
+  SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (0);
+
+FETCH FIRST FROM tablesample_cur;
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (0);
+
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+
+FETCH FIRST FROM tablesample_cur;
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+FETCH NEXT FROM tablesample_cur;
+
+CLOSE tablesample_cur;
+END;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+  SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (2);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+  SELECT * FROM test_tablesample_v1;
+
+-- check inheritance behavior
+explain (costs off)
+  select count(*) from person tablesample bernoulli (100);
+select count(*) from person tablesample bernoulli (100);
+select count(*) from person;
+
+-- check that collations get assigned within the tablesample arguments
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE bernoulli (('1'::text < '0'::text)::int);
+
+-- check behavior during rescans, as well as correct handling of min/max pct
+select * from
+  (values (0),(100)) v(pct),
+  lateral (select count(*) from tenk1 tablesample bernoulli (pct)) ss;
+select * from
+  (values (0),(100)) v(pct),
+  lateral (select count(*) from tenk1 tablesample system (pct)) ss;
+explain (costs off)
+select pct, count(unique1) from
+  (values (0),(100)) v(pct),
+  lateral (select * from tenk1 tablesample bernoulli (pct)) ss
+  group by pct;
+select pct, count(unique1) from
+  (values (0),(100)) v(pct),
+  lateral (select * from tenk1 tablesample bernoulli (pct)) ss
+  group by pct;
+select pct, count(unique1) from
+  (values (0),(100)) v(pct),
+  lateral (select * from tenk1 tablesample system (pct)) ss
+  group by pct;
+
+-- errors
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE FOOBAR (1);
+
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (NULL);
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (50) REPEATABLE (NULL);
+
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (-1);
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (200);
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (-1);
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (200);
+
+SELECT id FROM test_tablesample_v1 TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (1);
+INSERT INTO test_tablesample_v1 VALUES(1);
+
+WITH query_select AS (SELECT * FROM test_tablesample)
+SELECT * FROM query_select TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (5.5) REPEATABLE (1);
+
+SELECT q.* FROM (SELECT * FROM test_tablesample) as q TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI (5);
+
+-- check partitioned tables support tablesample
+create table parted_sample (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_sample_1 partition of parted_sample for values in (1);
+create table parted_sample_2 partition of parted_sample for values in (2);
+explain (costs off)
+  select * from parted_sample tablesample bernoulli (100);
+drop table parted_sample, parted_sample_1, parted_sample_2;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tablespace.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tablespace.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21db433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tablespace.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+-- relative tablespace locations are not allowed
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tblspace LOCATION 'relative'; -- fail
+
+-- empty tablespace locations are not usually allowed
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tblspace LOCATION ''; -- fail
+
+-- as a special developer-only option to allow us to use tablespaces
+-- with streaming replication on the same server, an empty location
+-- can be allowed as a way to say that the tablespace should be created
+-- as a directory in pg_tblspc, rather than being a symlink
+SET allow_in_place_tablespaces = true;
+
+-- create a tablespace using WITH clause
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tblspacewith LOCATION '' WITH (some_nonexistent_parameter = true); -- fail
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tblspacewith LOCATION '' WITH (random_page_cost = 3.0); -- ok
+
+-- check to see the parameter was used
+SELECT spcoptions FROM pg_tablespace WHERE spcname = 'regress_tblspacewith';
+
+-- drop the tablespace so we can re-use the location
+DROP TABLESPACE regress_tblspacewith;
+
+-- create a tablespace we can use
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tblspace LOCATION '';
+-- This returns a relative path as of an effect of allow_in_place_tablespaces,
+-- masking the tablespace OID used in the path name.
+SELECT regexp_replace(pg_tablespace_location(oid), '(pg_tblspc)/(\d+)', '\1/NNN')
+  FROM pg_tablespace  WHERE spcname = 'regress_tblspace';
+
+-- try setting and resetting some properties for the new tablespace
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace SET (random_page_cost = 1.0, seq_page_cost = 1.1);
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace SET (some_nonexistent_parameter = true);  -- fail
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace RESET (random_page_cost = 2.0); -- fail
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace RESET (random_page_cost, effective_io_concurrency); -- ok
+
+-- REINDEX (TABLESPACE)
+-- catalogs and system tablespaces
+-- system catalog, fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE pg_am;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_am;
+-- shared catalog, fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE pg_authid;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_authid;
+-- toast relations, fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) INDEX pg_toast.pg_toast_1260_index;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) INDEX CONCURRENTLY pg_toast.pg_toast_1260_index;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE pg_toast.pg_toast_1260;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_toast.pg_toast_1260;
+-- system catalog, fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_global) TABLE pg_authid;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_global) TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_authid;
+
+-- table with toast relation
+CREATE TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1 bigint, num2 double precision, t text);
+INSERT INTO regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1, num2, t)
+  SELECT round(random()*100), random(), 'text'
+  FROM generate_series(1, 10) s(i);
+CREATE INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx ON regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1);
+-- move to global tablespace, fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_global) INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_global) INDEX CONCURRENTLY regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx;
+
+-- check transactional behavior of REINDEX (TABLESPACE)
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
+ROLLBACK;
+-- no relation moved to the new tablespace
+SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c, pg_tablespace s
+  WHERE c.reltablespace = s.oid AND s.spcname = 'regress_tblspace';
+
+-- check that all indexes are moved to a new tablespace with different
+-- relfilenode.
+-- Save first the existing relfilenode for the toast and main relations.
+SELECT relfilenode as main_filenode FROM pg_class
+  WHERE relname = 'regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx' \gset
+SELECT relfilenode as toast_filenode FROM pg_class
+  WHERE oid =
+    (SELECT i.indexrelid
+       FROM pg_class c,
+            pg_index i
+       WHERE i.indrelid = c.reltoastrelid AND
+             c.relname = 'regress_tblspace_test_tbl') \gset
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
+SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c, pg_tablespace s
+  WHERE c.reltablespace = s.oid AND s.spcname = 'regress_tblspace'
+  ORDER BY c.relname;
+ALTER TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c, pg_tablespace s
+  WHERE c.reltablespace = s.oid AND s.spcname = 'regress_tblspace'
+  ORDER BY c.relname;
+-- Move back to the default tablespace.
+ALTER INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c, pg_tablespace s
+  WHERE c.reltablespace = s.oid AND s.spcname = 'regress_tblspace'
+  ORDER BY c.relname;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace, CONCURRENTLY) TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
+SELECT c.relname FROM pg_class c, pg_tablespace s
+  WHERE c.reltablespace = s.oid AND s.spcname = 'regress_tblspace'
+  ORDER BY c.relname;
+SELECT relfilenode = :main_filenode AS main_same FROM pg_class
+  WHERE relname = 'regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx';
+SELECT relfilenode = :toast_filenode as toast_same FROM pg_class
+  WHERE oid =
+    (SELECT i.indexrelid
+       FROM pg_class c,
+            pg_index i
+       WHERE i.indrelid = c.reltoastrelid AND
+             c.relname = 'regress_tblspace_test_tbl');
+DROP TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
+
+-- REINDEX (TABLESPACE) with partitions
+-- Create a partition tree and check the set of relations reindexed
+-- with their new tablespace.
+CREATE TABLE tbspace_reindex_part (c1 int, c2 int) PARTITION BY RANGE (c1);
+CREATE TABLE tbspace_reindex_part_0 PARTITION OF tbspace_reindex_part
+  FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10) PARTITION BY list (c2);
+CREATE TABLE tbspace_reindex_part_0_1 PARTITION OF tbspace_reindex_part_0
+  FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE tbspace_reindex_part_0_2 PARTITION OF tbspace_reindex_part_0
+  FOR VALUES IN (2);
+-- This partitioned table will have no partitions.
+CREATE TABLE tbspace_reindex_part_10 PARTITION OF tbspace_reindex_part
+   FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20) PARTITION BY list (c2);
+-- Create some partitioned indexes
+CREATE INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index ON ONLY tbspace_reindex_part (c1);
+CREATE INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_0 ON ONLY tbspace_reindex_part_0 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index ATTACH PARTITION tbspace_reindex_part_index_0;
+-- This partitioned index will have no partitions.
+CREATE INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_10 ON ONLY tbspace_reindex_part_10 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index ATTACH PARTITION tbspace_reindex_part_index_10;
+CREATE INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_1 ON ONLY tbspace_reindex_part_0_1 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_0 ATTACH PARTITION tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_1;
+CREATE INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_2 ON ONLY tbspace_reindex_part_0_2 (c1);
+ALTER INDEX tbspace_reindex_part_index_0 ATTACH PARTITION tbspace_reindex_part_index_0_2;
+SELECT relid, parentrelid, level FROM pg_partition_tree('tbspace_reindex_part_index')
+  ORDER BY relid, level;
+-- Track the original tablespace, relfilenode and OID of each index
+-- in the tree.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE reindex_temp_before AS
+  SELECT oid, relname, relfilenode, reltablespace
+  FROM pg_class
+    WHERE relname ~ 'tbspace_reindex_part_index';
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace, CONCURRENTLY) TABLE tbspace_reindex_part;
+-- REINDEX CONCURRENTLY changes the OID of the old relation, hence a check
+-- based on the relation name below.
+SELECT b.relname,
+       CASE WHEN a.relfilenode = b.relfilenode THEN 'relfilenode is unchanged'
+       ELSE 'relfilenode has changed' END AS filenode,
+       CASE WHEN a.reltablespace = b.reltablespace THEN 'reltablespace is unchanged'
+       ELSE 'reltablespace has changed' END AS tbspace
+  FROM reindex_temp_before b JOIN pg_class a ON b.relname = a.relname
+  ORDER BY 1;
+DROP TABLE tbspace_reindex_part;
+
+-- create a schema we can use
+CREATE SCHEMA testschema;
+
+-- try a table
+CREATE TABLE testschema.foo (i int) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t, pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    where c.reltablespace = t.oid AND c.relname = 'foo';
+
+INSERT INTO testschema.foo VALUES(1);
+INSERT INTO testschema.foo VALUES(2);
+
+-- tables from dynamic sources
+CREATE TABLE testschema.asselect TABLESPACE regress_tblspace AS SELECT 1;
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t, pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    where c.reltablespace = t.oid AND c.relname = 'asselect';
+
+PREPARE selectsource(int) AS SELECT $1;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.asexecute TABLESPACE regress_tblspace
+    AS EXECUTE selectsource(2);
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t, pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    where c.reltablespace = t.oid AND c.relname = 'asexecute';
+
+-- index
+CREATE INDEX foo_idx on testschema.foo(i) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t, pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    where c.reltablespace = t.oid AND c.relname = 'foo_idx';
+
+-- check \d output
+\d testschema.foo
+\d testschema.foo_idx
+
+--
+-- partitioned table
+--
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+SET default_tablespace TO pg_global;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_1 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+RESET default_tablespace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_1 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+SET default_tablespace TO regress_tblspace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_2 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (2);
+SET default_tablespace TO pg_global;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_3 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (3);
+ALTER TABLE testschema.part SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_3 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (3);
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_4 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (4)
+  TABLESPACE pg_default;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_56 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (5, 6)
+  PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+ALTER TABLE testschema.part SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_78 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (7, 8)
+  PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_910 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (9, 10)
+  PARTITION BY LIST (a) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+RESET default_tablespace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part_78 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (7, 8)
+  PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON (c.relnamespace = n.oid)
+    LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t ON c.reltablespace = t.oid
+    where c.relname LIKE 'part%' AND n.nspname = 'testschema' order by relname;
+RESET default_tablespace;
+DROP TABLE testschema.part;
+
+-- partitioned index
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part1 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE INDEX part_a_idx ON testschema.part (a) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.part2 PARTITION OF testschema.part FOR VALUES IN (2);
+SELECT relname, spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t, pg_catalog.pg_class c
+    where c.reltablespace = t.oid AND c.relname LIKE 'part%_idx';
+\d testschema.part
+\d+ testschema.part
+\d testschema.part1
+\d+ testschema.part1
+\d testschema.part_a_idx
+\d+ testschema.part_a_idx
+
+-- partitioned rels cannot specify the default tablespace.  These fail:
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (a) TABLESPACE pg_default;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt (a int PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX TABLESPACE pg_default) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+SET default_tablespace TO 'pg_default';
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (a) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt (a int PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+-- but these work:
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt (a int PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) PARTITION BY LIST (a) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+SET default_tablespace TO '';
+CREATE TABLE testschema.dflt2 (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+DROP TABLE testschema.dflt, testschema.dflt2;
+
+-- check that default_tablespace doesn't affect ALTER TABLE index rebuilds
+CREATE TABLE testschema.test_default_tab(id bigint) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+INSERT INTO testschema.test_default_tab VALUES (1);
+CREATE INDEX test_index1 on testschema.test_default_tab (id);
+CREATE INDEX test_index2 on testschema.test_default_tab (id) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ADD CONSTRAINT test_index3 PRIMARY KEY (id);
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ADD CONSTRAINT test_index4 UNIQUE (id) USING INDEX TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+
+\d testschema.test_index1
+\d testschema.test_index2
+\d testschema.test_index3
+\d testschema.test_index4
+-- use a custom tablespace for default_tablespace
+SET default_tablespace TO regress_tblspace;
+-- tablespace should not change if no rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ALTER id TYPE bigint;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+\d testschema.test_index2
+\d testschema.test_index3
+\d testschema.test_index4
+SELECT * FROM testschema.test_default_tab;
+-- tablespace should not change even if there is an index rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ALTER id TYPE int;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+\d testschema.test_index2
+\d testschema.test_index3
+\d testschema.test_index4
+SELECT * FROM testschema.test_default_tab;
+-- now use the default tablespace for default_tablespace
+SET default_tablespace TO '';
+-- tablespace should not change if no rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ALTER id TYPE int;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+\d testschema.test_index2
+\d testschema.test_index3
+\d testschema.test_index4
+-- tablespace should not change even if there is an index rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab ALTER id TYPE bigint;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+\d testschema.test_index2
+\d testschema.test_index3
+\d testschema.test_index4
+DROP TABLE testschema.test_default_tab;
+
+-- check that default_tablespace doesn't affect ALTER TABLE index rebuilds
+-- (this time with a partitioned table)
+CREATE TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p(id bigint, val bigint)
+    PARTITION BY LIST (id) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p1 PARTITION OF testschema.test_default_tab_p
+    FOR VALUES IN (1);
+INSERT INTO testschema.test_default_tab_p VALUES (1);
+CREATE INDEX test_index1 on testschema.test_default_tab_p (val);
+CREATE INDEX test_index2 on testschema.test_default_tab_p (val) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ADD CONSTRAINT test_index3 PRIMARY KEY (id);
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ADD CONSTRAINT test_index4 UNIQUE (id) USING INDEX TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+
+\d testschema.test_index1
+\d testschema.test_index2
+\d testschema.test_index3
+\d testschema.test_index4
+-- use a custom tablespace for default_tablespace
+SET default_tablespace TO regress_tblspace;
+-- tablespace should not change if no rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ALTER val TYPE bigint;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+\d testschema.test_index2
+\d testschema.test_index3
+\d testschema.test_index4
+SELECT * FROM testschema.test_default_tab_p;
+-- tablespace should not change even if there is an index rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ALTER val TYPE int;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+\d testschema.test_index2
+\d testschema.test_index3
+\d testschema.test_index4
+SELECT * FROM testschema.test_default_tab_p;
+-- now use the default tablespace for default_tablespace
+SET default_tablespace TO '';
+-- tablespace should not change if no rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ALTER val TYPE int;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+\d testschema.test_index2
+\d testschema.test_index3
+\d testschema.test_index4
+-- tablespace should not change even if there is an index rewrite
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p ALTER val TYPE bigint;
+\d testschema.test_index1
+\d testschema.test_index2
+\d testschema.test_index3
+\d testschema.test_index4
+DROP TABLE testschema.test_default_tab_p;
+
+-- check that default_tablespace affects index additions in ALTER TABLE
+CREATE TABLE testschema.test_tab(id int) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+INSERT INTO testschema.test_tab VALUES (1);
+SET default_tablespace TO regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_tab ADD CONSTRAINT test_tab_unique UNIQUE (id);
+SET default_tablespace TO '';
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_tab ADD CONSTRAINT test_tab_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+\d testschema.test_tab_unique
+\d testschema.test_tab_pkey
+SELECT * FROM testschema.test_tab;
+DROP TABLE testschema.test_tab;
+
+-- check that default_tablespace is handled correctly by multi-command
+-- ALTER TABLE that includes a tablespace-preserving rewrite
+CREATE TABLE testschema.test_tab(a int, b int, c int);
+SET default_tablespace TO regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_tab ADD CONSTRAINT test_tab_unique UNIQUE (a);
+CREATE INDEX test_tab_a_idx ON testschema.test_tab (a);
+SET default_tablespace TO '';
+CREATE INDEX test_tab_b_idx ON testschema.test_tab (b);
+\d testschema.test_tab_unique
+\d testschema.test_tab_a_idx
+\d testschema.test_tab_b_idx
+ALTER TABLE testschema.test_tab ALTER b TYPE bigint, ADD UNIQUE (c);
+\d testschema.test_tab_unique
+\d testschema.test_tab_a_idx
+\d testschema.test_tab_b_idx
+DROP TABLE testschema.test_tab;
+
+-- let's try moving a table from one place to another
+CREATE TABLE testschema.atable AS VALUES (1), (2);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX anindex ON testschema.atable(column1);
+
+ALTER TABLE testschema.atable SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER INDEX testschema.anindex SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER INDEX testschema.part_a_idx SET TABLESPACE pg_global;
+ALTER INDEX testschema.part_a_idx SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+ALTER INDEX testschema.part_a_idx SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+
+INSERT INTO testschema.atable VALUES(3);	-- ok
+INSERT INTO testschema.atable VALUES(1);	-- fail (checks index)
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM testschema.atable;		-- checks heap
+
+-- let's try moving a materialized view from one place to another
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW testschema.amv AS SELECT * FROM testschema.atable;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW testschema.amv SET TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW testschema.amv;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM testschema.amv;
+
+-- Will fail with bad path
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_badspace LOCATION '/no/such/location';
+
+-- No such tablespace
+CREATE TABLE bar (i int) TABLESPACE regress_nosuchspace;
+
+-- Fail, in use for some partitioned object
+DROP TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER INDEX testschema.part_a_idx SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+-- Fail, not empty
+DROP TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_tablespace_user1 login;
+CREATE ROLE regress_tablespace_user2 login;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA testschema TO regress_tablespace_user2;
+
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace OWNER TO regress_tablespace_user1;
+
+CREATE TABLE testschema.tablespace_acl (c int);
+-- new owner lacks permission to create this index from scratch
+CREATE INDEX k ON testschema.tablespace_acl (c) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace;
+ALTER TABLE testschema.tablespace_acl OWNER TO regress_tablespace_user2;
+
+SET SESSION ROLE regress_tablespace_user2;
+CREATE TABLE tablespace_table (i int) TABLESPACE regress_tblspace; -- fail
+ALTER TABLE testschema.tablespace_acl ALTER c TYPE bigint;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE tablespace_table; -- fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace, CONCURRENTLY) TABLE tablespace_table; -- fail
+RESET ROLE;
+
+ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace RENAME TO regress_tblspace_renamed;
+
+ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+ALTER INDEX ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+
+-- Should show notice that nothing was done
+ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default;
+
+-- Should succeed
+DROP TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed;
+
+DROP SCHEMA testschema CASCADE;
+
+DROP ROLE regress_tablespace_user1;
+DROP ROLE regress_tablespace_user2;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/temp.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/temp.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a487a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/temp.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+--
+-- TEMP
+-- Test temp relations and indexes
+--
+
+-- test temp table/index masking
+
+CREATE TABLE temptest(col int);
+
+CREATE INDEX i_temptest ON temptest(col);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(tcol int);
+
+CREATE INDEX i_temptest ON temptest(tcol);
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+
+DROP INDEX i_temptest;
+
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+
+DROP INDEX i_temptest;
+
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+
+-- test temp table selects
+
+CREATE TABLE temptest(col int);
+
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (1);
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(tcol float);
+
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (2.1);
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+
+-- test temp table deletion
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(col int);
+
+\c
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+
+-- Test ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(col int) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+
+-- while we're here, verify successful truncation of index with SQL function
+CREATE INDEX ON temptest(bit_length(''));
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (2);
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(col) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS AS SELECT 1;
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+
+DROP TABLE temptest;
+
+-- Test ON COMMIT DROP
+
+BEGIN;
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(col int) ON COMMIT DROP;
+
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO temptest VALUES (2);
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest(col) ON COMMIT DROP AS SELECT 1;
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+
+-- Test it with a CHECK condition that produces a toasted pg_constraint entry
+BEGIN;
+do $$
+begin
+  execute format($cmd$
+    CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest (col text CHECK (col < %L)) ON COMMIT DROP
+  $cmd$,
+    (SELECT string_agg(g.i::text || ':' || random()::text, '|')
+     FROM generate_series(1, 100) g(i)));
+end$$;
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT * FROM temptest;
+
+-- ON COMMIT is only allowed for TEMP
+
+CREATE TABLE temptest(col int) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+CREATE TABLE temptest(col) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS AS SELECT 1;
+
+-- Test foreign keys
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest1(col int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest2(col int REFERENCES temptest1)
+  ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+INSERT INTO temptest1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO temptest2 VALUES (1);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM temptest1;
+SELECT * FROM temptest2;
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest3(col int PRIMARY KEY) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE temptest4(col int REFERENCES temptest3);
+COMMIT;
+
+-- Test manipulation of temp schema's placement in search path
+
+create table public.whereami (f1 text);
+insert into public.whereami values ('public');
+
+create temp table whereami (f1 text);
+insert into whereami values ('temp');
+
+create function public.whoami() returns text
+  as $$select 'public'::text$$ language sql;
+
+create function pg_temp.whoami() returns text
+  as $$select 'temp'::text$$ language sql;
+
+-- default should have pg_temp implicitly first, but only for tables
+select * from whereami;
+select whoami();
+
+-- can list temp first explicitly, but it still doesn't affect functions
+set search_path = pg_temp, public;
+select * from whereami;
+select whoami();
+
+-- or put it last for security
+set search_path = public, pg_temp;
+select * from whereami;
+select whoami();
+
+-- you can invoke a temp function explicitly, though
+select pg_temp.whoami();
+
+drop table public.whereami;
+
+-- types in temp schema
+set search_path = pg_temp, public;
+create domain pg_temp.nonempty as text check (value <> '');
+-- function-syntax invocation of types matches rules for functions
+select nonempty('');
+select pg_temp.nonempty('');
+-- other syntax matches rules for tables
+select ''::nonempty;
+
+reset search_path;
+
+-- For partitioned temp tables, ON COMMIT actions ignore storage-less
+-- partitioned tables.
+begin;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit (a int)
+  partition by list (a) on commit delete rows;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_1
+  partition of temp_parted_oncommit
+  for values in (1) on commit delete rows;
+insert into temp_parted_oncommit values (1);
+commit;
+-- partitions are emptied by the previous commit
+select * from temp_parted_oncommit;
+drop table temp_parted_oncommit;
+
+-- Check dependencies between ON COMMIT actions with a partitioned
+-- table and its partitions.  Using ON COMMIT DROP on a parent removes
+-- the whole set.
+begin;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test (a int)
+  partition by list (a) on commit drop;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test1
+  partition of temp_parted_oncommit_test
+  for values in (1) on commit delete rows;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test2
+  partition of temp_parted_oncommit_test
+  for values in (2) on commit drop;
+insert into temp_parted_oncommit_test values (1), (2);
+commit;
+-- no relations remain in this case.
+select relname from pg_class where relname ~ '^temp_parted_oncommit_test';
+-- Using ON COMMIT DELETE on a partitioned table does not remove
+-- all rows if partitions preserve their data.
+begin;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test (a int)
+  partition by list (a) on commit delete rows;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test1
+  partition of temp_parted_oncommit_test
+  for values in (1) on commit preserve rows;
+create temp table temp_parted_oncommit_test2
+  partition of temp_parted_oncommit_test
+  for values in (2) on commit drop;
+insert into temp_parted_oncommit_test values (1), (2);
+commit;
+-- Data from the remaining partition is still here as its rows are
+-- preserved.
+select * from temp_parted_oncommit_test;
+-- two relations remain in this case.
+select relname from pg_class where relname ~ '^temp_parted_oncommit_test'
+  order by relname;
+drop table temp_parted_oncommit_test;
+
+-- Check dependencies between ON COMMIT actions with inheritance trees.
+-- Using ON COMMIT DROP on a parent removes the whole set.
+begin;
+create temp table temp_inh_oncommit_test (a int) on commit drop;
+create temp table temp_inh_oncommit_test1 ()
+  inherits(temp_inh_oncommit_test) on commit delete rows;
+insert into temp_inh_oncommit_test1 values (1);
+commit;
+-- no relations remain in this case
+select relname from pg_class where relname ~ '^temp_inh_oncommit_test';
+-- Data on the parent is removed, and the child goes away.
+begin;
+create temp table temp_inh_oncommit_test (a int) on commit delete rows;
+create temp table temp_inh_oncommit_test1 ()
+  inherits(temp_inh_oncommit_test) on commit drop;
+insert into temp_inh_oncommit_test1 values (1);
+insert into temp_inh_oncommit_test values (1);
+commit;
+select * from temp_inh_oncommit_test;
+-- one relation remains
+select relname from pg_class where relname ~ '^temp_inh_oncommit_test';
+drop table temp_inh_oncommit_test;
+
+-- Tests with two-phase commit
+-- Transactions creating objects in a temporary namespace cannot be used
+-- with two-phase commit.
+
+-- These cases generate errors about temporary namespace.
+-- Function creation
+begin;
+create function pg_temp.twophase_func() returns void as
+  $$ select '2pc_func'::text $$ language sql;
+prepare transaction 'twophase_func';
+-- Function drop
+create function pg_temp.twophase_func() returns void as
+  $$ select '2pc_func'::text $$ language sql;
+begin;
+drop function pg_temp.twophase_func();
+prepare transaction 'twophase_func';
+-- Operator creation
+begin;
+create operator pg_temp.@@ (leftarg = int4, rightarg = int4, procedure = int4mi);
+prepare transaction 'twophase_operator';
+
+-- These generate errors about temporary tables.
+begin;
+create type pg_temp.twophase_type as (a int);
+prepare transaction 'twophase_type';
+begin;
+create view pg_temp.twophase_view as select 1;
+prepare transaction 'twophase_view';
+begin;
+create sequence pg_temp.twophase_seq;
+prepare transaction 'twophase_sequence';
+
+-- Temporary tables cannot be used with two-phase commit.
+create temp table twophase_tab (a int);
+begin;
+select a from twophase_tab;
+prepare transaction 'twophase_tab';
+begin;
+insert into twophase_tab values (1);
+prepare transaction 'twophase_tab';
+begin;
+lock twophase_tab in access exclusive mode;
+prepare transaction 'twophase_tab';
+begin;
+drop table twophase_tab;
+prepare transaction 'twophase_tab';
+
+-- Corner case: current_schema may create a temporary schema if namespace
+-- creation is pending, so check after that.  First reset the connection
+-- to remove the temporary namespace.
+\c -
+SET search_path TO 'pg_temp';
+BEGIN;
+SELECT current_schema() ~ 'pg_temp' AS is_temp_schema;
+PREPARE TRANSACTION 'twophase_search';
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/test_setup.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/test_setup.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02c0c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/test_setup.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+--
+-- TEST_SETUP --- prepare environment expected by regression test scripts
+--
+
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+--
+-- synchronous_commit=off delays when hint bits may be set. Some plans change
+-- depending on the number of all-visible pages, which in turn can be
+-- influenced by the delayed hint bits. Force synchronous_commit=on to avoid
+-- that source of variability.
+--
+SET synchronous_commit = on;
+
+--
+-- Postgres formerly made the public schema read/write by default,
+-- and most of the core regression tests still expect that.
+--
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA public TO public;
+
+--
+-- These tables have traditionally been referenced by many tests,
+-- so create and populate them.  Insert only non-error values here.
+-- (Some subsequent tests try to insert erroneous values.  That's okay
+-- because the table won't actually change.  Do not change the contents
+-- of these tables in later tests, as it may affect other tests.)
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE CHAR_TBL(f1 char(4));
+
+INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES
+  ('a'),
+  ('ab'),
+  ('abcd'),
+  ('abcd    ');
+VACUUM CHAR_TBL;
+
+CREATE TABLE FLOAT8_TBL(f1 float8);
+
+INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES
+  ('0.0'),
+  ('-34.84'),
+  ('-1004.30'),
+  ('-1.2345678901234e+200'),
+  ('-1.2345678901234e-200');
+VACUUM FLOAT8_TBL;
+
+CREATE TABLE INT2_TBL(f1 int2);
+
+INSERT INTO INT2_TBL(f1) VALUES
+  ('0   '),
+  ('  1234 '),
+  ('    -1234'),
+  ('32767'),  -- largest and smallest values
+  ('-32767');
+VACUUM INT2_TBL;
+
+CREATE TABLE INT4_TBL(f1 int4);
+
+INSERT INTO INT4_TBL(f1) VALUES
+  ('   0  '),
+  ('123456     '),
+  ('    -123456'),
+  ('2147483647'),  -- largest and smallest values
+  ('-2147483647');
+VACUUM INT4_TBL;
+
+CREATE TABLE INT8_TBL(q1 int8, q2 int8);
+
+INSERT INTO INT8_TBL VALUES
+  ('  123   ','  456'),
+  ('123   ','4567890123456789'),
+  ('4567890123456789','123'),
+  (+4567890123456789,'4567890123456789'),
+  ('+4567890123456789','-4567890123456789');
+VACUUM INT8_TBL;
+
+CREATE TABLE POINT_TBL(f1 point);
+
+INSERT INTO POINT_TBL(f1) VALUES
+  ('(0.0,0.0)'),
+  ('(-10.0,0.0)'),
+  ('(-3.0,4.0)'),
+  ('(5.1, 34.5)'),
+  ('(-5.0,-12.0)'),
+  ('(1e-300,-1e-300)'),  -- To underflow
+  ('(1e+300,Inf)'),  -- To overflow
+  ('(Inf,1e+300)'),  -- Transposed
+  (' ( Nan , NaN ) '),
+  ('10.0,10.0');
+-- We intentionally don't vacuum point_tbl here; geometry depends on that
+
+CREATE TABLE TEXT_TBL (f1 text);
+
+INSERT INTO TEXT_TBL VALUES
+  ('doh!'),
+  ('hi de ho neighbor');
+VACUUM TEXT_TBL;
+
+CREATE TABLE VARCHAR_TBL(f1 varchar(4));
+
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES
+  ('a'),
+  ('ab'),
+  ('abcd'),
+  ('abcd    ');
+VACUUM VARCHAR_TBL;
+
+CREATE TABLE onek (
+	unique1		int4,
+	unique2		int4,
+	two			int4,
+	four		int4,
+	ten			int4,
+	twenty		int4,
+	hundred		int4,
+	thousand	int4,
+	twothousand	int4,
+	fivethous	int4,
+	tenthous	int4,
+	odd			int4,
+	even		int4,
+	stringu1	name,
+	stringu2	name,
+	string4		name
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/onek.data'
+COPY onek FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE onek;
+
+CREATE TABLE onek2 AS SELECT * FROM onek;
+VACUUM ANALYZE onek2;
+
+CREATE TABLE tenk1 (
+	unique1		int4,
+	unique2		int4,
+	two			int4,
+	four		int4,
+	ten			int4,
+	twenty		int4,
+	hundred		int4,
+	thousand	int4,
+	twothousand	int4,
+	fivethous	int4,
+	tenthous	int4,
+	odd			int4,
+	even		int4,
+	stringu1	name,
+	stringu2	name,
+	string4		name
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/tenk.data'
+COPY tenk1 FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE tenk1;
+
+CREATE TABLE tenk2 AS SELECT * FROM tenk1;
+VACUUM ANALYZE tenk2;
+
+CREATE TABLE person (
+	name 		text,
+	age			int4,
+	location 	point
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/person.data'
+COPY person FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE person;
+
+CREATE TABLE emp (
+	salary 		int4,
+	manager 	name
+) INHERITS (person);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/emp.data'
+COPY emp FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE emp;
+
+CREATE TABLE student (
+	gpa 		float8
+) INHERITS (person);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/student.data'
+COPY student FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE student;
+
+CREATE TABLE stud_emp (
+	percent 	int4
+) INHERITS (emp, student);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/stud_emp.data'
+COPY stud_emp FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE stud_emp;
+
+CREATE TABLE road (
+	name		text,
+	thepath 	path
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/streets.data'
+COPY road FROM :'filename';
+VACUUM ANALYZE road;
+
+CREATE TABLE ihighway () INHERITS (road);
+
+INSERT INTO ihighway
+   SELECT *
+   FROM ONLY road
+   WHERE name ~ 'I- .*';
+VACUUM ANALYZE ihighway;
+
+CREATE TABLE shighway (
+	surface		text
+) INHERITS (road);
+
+INSERT INTO shighway
+   SELECT *, 'asphalt'
+   FROM ONLY road
+   WHERE name ~ 'State Hwy.*';
+VACUUM ANALYZE shighway;
+
+--
+-- We must have some enum type in the database for opr_sanity and type_sanity.
+--
+
+create type stoplight as enum ('red', 'yellow', 'green');
+
+--
+-- Also create some non-built-in range types.
+--
+
+create type float8range as range (subtype = float8, subtype_diff = float8mi);
+
+create type textrange as range (subtype = text, collation = "C");
+
+--
+-- Create some C functions that will be used by various tests.
+--
+
+CREATE FUNCTION binary_coercible(oid, oid)
+    RETURNS bool
+    AS :'regresslib', 'binary_coercible'
+    LANGUAGE C STRICT STABLE PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION ttdummy ()
+    RETURNS trigger
+    AS :'regresslib'
+    LANGUAGE C;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION get_columns_length(oid[])
+    RETURNS int
+    AS :'regresslib'
+    LANGUAGE C STRICT STABLE PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+-- Use hand-rolled hash functions and operator classes to get predictable
+-- result on different machines.  The hash function for int4 simply returns
+-- the sum of the values passed to it and the one for text returns the length
+-- of the non-empty string value passed to it or 0.
+
+create function part_hashint4_noop(value int4, seed int8)
+    returns int8 as $$
+    select value + seed;
+    $$ language sql strict immutable parallel safe;
+
+create operator class part_test_int4_ops for type int4 using hash as
+    operator 1 =,
+    function 2 part_hashint4_noop(int4, int8);
+
+create function part_hashtext_length(value text, seed int8)
+    returns int8 as $$
+    select length(coalesce(value, ''))::int8
+    $$ language sql strict immutable parallel safe;
+
+create operator class part_test_text_ops for type text using hash as
+    operator 1 =,
+    function 2 part_hashtext_length(text, int8);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/text.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/text.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..540e551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/text.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+--
+-- TEXT
+--
+
+SELECT text 'this is a text string' = text 'this is a text string' AS true;
+
+SELECT text 'this is a text string' = text 'this is a text strin' AS false;
+
+-- text_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+SELECT * FROM TEXT_TBL;
+
+-- As of 8.3 we have removed most implicit casts to text, so that for example
+-- this no longer works:
+
+select length(42);
+
+-- But as a special exception for usability's sake, we still allow implicit
+-- casting to text in concatenations, so long as the other input is text or
+-- an unknown literal.  So these work:
+
+select 'four: '::text || 2+2;
+select 'four: ' || 2+2;
+
+-- but not this:
+
+select 3 || 4.0;
+
+/*
+ * various string functions
+ */
+select concat('one');
+select concat(1,2,3,'hello',true, false, to_date('20100309','YYYYMMDD'));
+select concat_ws('#','one');
+select concat_ws('#',1,2,3,'hello',true, false, to_date('20100309','YYYYMMDD'));
+select concat_ws(',',10,20,null,30);
+select concat_ws('',10,20,null,30);
+select concat_ws(NULL,10,20,null,30) is null;
+select reverse('abcde');
+select i, left('ahoj', i), right('ahoj', i) from generate_series(-5, 5) t(i) order by i;
+select quote_literal('');
+select quote_literal('abc''');
+select quote_literal(e'\\');
+-- check variadic labeled argument
+select concat(variadic array[1,2,3]);
+select concat_ws(',', variadic array[1,2,3]);
+select concat_ws(',', variadic NULL::int[]);
+select concat(variadic NULL::int[]) is NULL;
+select concat(variadic '{}'::int[]) = '';
+--should fail
+select concat_ws(',', variadic 10);
+
+/*
+ * format
+ */
+select format(NULL);
+select format('Hello');
+select format('Hello %s', 'World');
+select format('Hello %%');
+select format('Hello %%%%');
+-- should fail
+select format('Hello %s %s', 'World');
+select format('Hello %s');
+select format('Hello %x', 20);
+-- check literal and sql identifiers
+select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', 10, 'Hello');
+select format('%s%s%s','Hello', NULL,'World');
+select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', 10, NULL);
+select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', 'mytab', NULL, 'Hello');
+-- should fail, sql identifier cannot be NULL
+select format('INSERT INTO %I VALUES(%L,%L)', NULL, 10, 'Hello');
+-- check positional placeholders
+select format('%1$s %3$s', 1, 2, 3);
+select format('%1$s %12$s', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
+-- should fail
+select format('%1$s %4$s', 1, 2, 3);
+select format('%1$s %13$s', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
+select format('%0$s', 'Hello');
+select format('%*0$s', 'Hello');
+select format('%1$', 1);
+select format('%1$1', 1);
+-- check mix of positional and ordered placeholders
+select format('Hello %s %1$s %s', 'World', 'Hello again');
+select format('Hello %s %s, %2$s %2$s', 'World', 'Hello again');
+-- check variadic labeled arguments
+select format('%s, %s', variadic array['Hello','World']);
+select format('%s, %s', variadic array[1, 2]);
+select format('%s, %s', variadic array[true, false]);
+select format('%s, %s', variadic array[true, false]::text[]);
+-- check variadic with positional placeholders
+select format('%2$s, %1$s', variadic array['first', 'second']);
+select format('%2$s, %1$s', variadic array[1, 2]);
+-- variadic argument can be array type NULL, but should not be referenced
+select format('Hello', variadic NULL::int[]);
+-- variadic argument allows simulating more than FUNC_MAX_ARGS parameters
+select format(string_agg('%s',','), variadic array_agg(i))
+from generate_series(1,200) g(i);
+-- check field widths and left, right alignment
+select format('>>%10s<<', 'Hello');
+select format('>>%10s<<', NULL);
+select format('>>%10s<<', '');
+select format('>>%-10s<<', '');
+select format('>>%-10s<<', 'Hello');
+select format('>>%-10s<<', NULL);
+select format('>>%1$10s<<', 'Hello');
+select format('>>%1$-10I<<', 'Hello');
+select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 10, 'Hello');
+select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 10, NULL);
+select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', -10, NULL);
+select format('>>%*s<<', 10, 'Hello');
+select format('>>%*1$s<<', 10, 'Hello');
+select format('>>%-s<<', 'Hello');
+select format('>>%10L<<', NULL);
+select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', NULL, 'Hello');
+select format('>>%2$*1$L<<', 0, 'Hello');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tid.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tid.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..990d314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tid.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+-- basic tests for the TID data type
+
+SELECT
+  '(0,0)'::tid as tid00,
+  '(0,1)'::tid as tid01,
+  '(-1,0)'::tid as tidm10,
+  '(4294967295,65535)'::tid as tidmax;
+
+SELECT '(4294967296,1)'::tid;  -- error
+SELECT '(1,65536)'::tid;  -- error
+
+
+-- tests for functions related to TID handling
+
+CREATE TABLE tid_tab (a int);
+
+-- min() and max() for TIDs
+INSERT INTO tid_tab VALUES (1), (2);
+SELECT min(ctid) FROM tid_tab;
+SELECT max(ctid) FROM tid_tab;
+TRUNCATE tid_tab;
+
+-- Tests for currtid2() with various relation kinds
+
+-- Materialized view
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW tid_matview AS SELECT a FROM tid_tab;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_matview'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+INSERT INTO tid_tab VALUES (1);
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW tid_matview;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_matview'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- ok
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW tid_matview;
+TRUNCATE tid_tab;
+
+-- Sequence
+CREATE SEQUENCE tid_seq;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_seq'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- ok
+DROP SEQUENCE tid_seq;
+
+-- Index, fails with incorrect relation type
+CREATE INDEX tid_ind ON tid_tab(a);
+SELECT currtid2('tid_ind'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+DROP INDEX tid_ind;
+
+-- Partitioned table, no storage
+CREATE TABLE tid_part (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+SELECT currtid2('tid_part'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+DROP TABLE tid_part;
+
+-- Views
+-- ctid not defined in the view
+CREATE VIEW tid_view_no_ctid AS SELECT a FROM tid_tab;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_view_no_ctid'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+DROP VIEW tid_view_no_ctid;
+-- ctid fetched directly from the source table.
+CREATE VIEW tid_view_with_ctid AS SELECT ctid, a FROM tid_tab;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_view_with_ctid'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+INSERT INTO tid_tab VALUES (1);
+SELECT currtid2('tid_view_with_ctid'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- ok
+DROP VIEW tid_view_with_ctid;
+TRUNCATE tid_tab;
+-- ctid attribute with incorrect data type
+CREATE VIEW tid_view_fake_ctid AS SELECT 1 AS ctid, 2 AS a;
+SELECT currtid2('tid_view_fake_ctid'::text, '(0,1)'::tid); -- fails
+DROP VIEW tid_view_fake_ctid;
+
+DROP TABLE tid_tab CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tidrangescan.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tidrangescan.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac09ebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tidrangescan.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+-- tests for tidrangescans
+
+SET enable_seqscan TO off;
+CREATE TABLE tidrangescan(id integer, data text);
+
+-- empty table
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1, 0)';
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1, 0)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(9, 0)';
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(9, 0)';
+
+-- insert enough tuples to fill at least two pages
+INSERT INTO tidrangescan SELECT i,repeat('x', 100) FROM generate_series(1,200) AS s(i);
+
+-- remove all tuples after the 10th tuple on each page.  Trying to ensure
+-- we get the same layout with all CPU architectures and smaller than standard
+-- page sizes.
+DELETE FROM tidrangescan
+WHERE substring(ctid::text FROM ',(\d+)\)')::integer > 10 OR substring(ctid::text FROM '\((\d+),')::integer > 2;
+VACUUM tidrangescan;
+
+-- range scans with upper bound
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1,0)';
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1,0)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid <= '(1,5)';
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid <= '(1,5)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(0,0)';
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(0,0)';
+
+-- range scans with lower bound
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(2,8)';
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(2,8)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE '(2,8)' < ctid;
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE '(2,8)' < ctid;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid >= '(2,8)';
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid >= '(2,8)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid >= '(100,0)';
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid >= '(100,0)';
+
+-- range scans with both bounds
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(1,4)' AND '(1,7)' >= ctid;
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(1,4)' AND '(1,7)' >= ctid;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE '(1,7)' >= ctid AND ctid > '(1,4)';
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE '(1,7)' >= ctid AND ctid > '(1,4)';
+
+-- extreme offsets
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(0,65535)' AND ctid < '(1,0)' LIMIT 1;
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(0,0)' LIMIT 1;
+
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid > '(4294967295,65535)';
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(0,0)';
+
+-- NULLs in the range cannot return tuples
+SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid >= (SELECT NULL::tid);
+
+-- rescans
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t.ctid,t2.c FROM tidrangescan t,
+LATERAL (SELECT count(*) c FROM tidrangescan t2 WHERE t2.ctid <= t.ctid) t2
+WHERE t.ctid < '(1,0)';
+
+SELECT t.ctid,t2.c FROM tidrangescan t,
+LATERAL (SELECT count(*) c FROM tidrangescan t2 WHERE t2.ctid <= t.ctid) t2
+WHERE t.ctid < '(1,0)';
+
+-- cursors
+
+-- Ensure we get a TID Range scan without a Materialize node.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1,0)';
+
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT ctid FROM tidrangescan WHERE ctid < '(1,0)';
+FETCH NEXT c;
+FETCH NEXT c;
+FETCH PRIOR c;
+FETCH FIRST c;
+FETCH LAST c;
+COMMIT;
+
+DROP TABLE tidrangescan;
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tidscan.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tidscan.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..313e0fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tidscan.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+-- tests for tidscans
+
+CREATE TABLE tidscan(id integer);
+
+-- only insert a few rows, we don't want to spill onto a second table page
+INSERT INTO tidscan VALUES (1), (2), (3);
+
+-- show ctids
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan;
+
+-- ctid equality - implemented as tidscan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = '(0,1)';
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = '(0,1)';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE '(0,1)' = ctid;
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE '(0,1)' = ctid;
+
+-- OR'd clauses
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = '(0,2)' OR '(0,1)' = ctid;
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = '(0,2)' OR '(0,1)' = ctid;
+
+-- ctid = ScalarArrayOp - implemented as tidscan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = ANY(ARRAY['(0,1)', '(0,2)']::tid[]);
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = ANY(ARRAY['(0,1)', '(0,2)']::tid[]);
+
+-- ctid != ScalarArrayOp - can't be implemented as tidscan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid != ANY(ARRAY['(0,1)', '(0,2)']::tid[]);
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid != ANY(ARRAY['(0,1)', '(0,2)']::tid[]);
+
+-- tid equality extracted from sub-AND clauses
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan
+WHERE (id = 3 AND ctid IN ('(0,2)', '(0,3)')) OR (ctid = '(0,1)' AND id = 1);
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan
+WHERE (id = 3 AND ctid IN ('(0,2)', '(0,3)')) OR (ctid = '(0,1)' AND id = 1);
+
+-- nestloop-with-inner-tidscan joins on tid
+SET enable_hashjoin TO off;  -- otherwise hash join might win
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.ctid, t1.*, t2.ctid, t2.*
+FROM tidscan t1 JOIN tidscan t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid WHERE t1.id = 1;
+SELECT t1.ctid, t1.*, t2.ctid, t2.*
+FROM tidscan t1 JOIN tidscan t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid WHERE t1.id = 1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT t1.ctid, t1.*, t2.ctid, t2.*
+FROM tidscan t1 LEFT JOIN tidscan t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid WHERE t1.id = 1;
+SELECT t1.ctid, t1.*, t2.ctid, t2.*
+FROM tidscan t1 LEFT JOIN tidscan t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid WHERE t1.id = 1;
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+
+-- exercise backward scan and rewind
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR
+SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = ANY(ARRAY['(0,1)', '(0,2)']::tid[]);
+FETCH ALL FROM c;
+FETCH BACKWARD 1 FROM c;
+FETCH FIRST FROM c;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- tidscan via CURRENT OF
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT ctid, * FROM tidscan;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c; -- skip one row
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+-- perform update
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+UPDATE tidscan SET id = -id WHERE CURRENT OF c RETURNING *;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+-- perform update
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+UPDATE tidscan SET id = -id WHERE CURRENT OF c RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM tidscan;
+-- position cursor past any rows
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+-- should error out
+EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS OFF, SUMMARY OFF, TIMING OFF)
+UPDATE tidscan SET id = -id WHERE CURRENT OF c RETURNING *;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- bulk joins on CTID
+-- (these plans don't use TID scans, but this still seems like an
+-- appropriate place for these tests)
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 t1 JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid;
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 t1 JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid;
+SET enable_hashjoin TO off;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 t1 JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid;
+SELECT count(*) FROM tenk1 t1 JOIN tenk1 t2 ON t1.ctid = t2.ctid;
+RESET enable_hashjoin;
+
+-- check predicate lock on CTID
+BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+SELECT * FROM tidscan WHERE ctid = '(0,1)';
+-- locktype should be 'tuple'
+SELECT locktype, mode FROM pg_locks WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() AND mode = 'SIReadLock';
+ROLLBACK;
+
+DROP TABLE tidscan;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/time.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/time.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3637f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/time.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+--
+-- TIME
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE TIME_TBL (f1 time(2));
+
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('00:00');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('01:00');
+-- as of 7.4, timezone spec should be accepted and ignored
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('02:03 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('11:59 EDT');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('12:00');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('12:01');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('23:59');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('11:59:59.99 PM');
+
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('2003-03-07 15:36:39 America/New_York');
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('2003-07-07 15:36:39 America/New_York');
+-- this should fail (the timezone offset is not known)
+INSERT INTO TIME_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 America/New_York');
+
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Time" FROM TIME_TBL;
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Three" FROM TIME_TBL WHERE f1 < '05:06:07';
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Five" FROM TIME_TBL WHERE f1 > '05:06:07';
+
+SELECT f1 AS "None" FROM TIME_TBL WHERE f1 < '00:00';
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Eight" FROM TIME_TBL WHERE f1 >= '00:00';
+
+-- Check edge cases
+SELECT '23:59:59.999999'::time;
+SELECT '23:59:59.9999999'::time;  -- rounds up
+SELECT '23:59:60'::time;  -- rounds up
+SELECT '24:00:00'::time;  -- allowed
+SELECT '24:00:00.01'::time;  -- not allowed
+SELECT '23:59:60.01'::time;  -- not allowed
+SELECT '24:01:00'::time;  -- not allowed
+SELECT '25:00:00'::time;  -- not allowed
+
+--
+-- TIME simple math
+--
+-- We now make a distinction between time and intervals,
+-- and adding two times together makes no sense at all.
+-- Leave in one query to show that it is rejected,
+-- and do the rest of the testing in horology.sql
+-- where we do mixed-type arithmetic. - thomas 2000-12-02
+
+SELECT f1 + time '00:01' AS "Illegal" FROM TIME_TBL;
+
+--
+-- test EXTRACT
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(MICROSECOND FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLISECOND FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+SELECT EXTRACT(SECOND      FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+SELECT EXTRACT(MINUTE      FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR        FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY         FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');  -- error
+SELECT EXTRACT(FORTNIGHT   FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');  -- error
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE    FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');  -- error
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH       FROM TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+
+-- date_part implementation is mostly the same as extract, so only
+-- test a few cases for additional coverage.
+SELECT date_part('microsecond', TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+SELECT date_part('millisecond', TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+SELECT date_part('second',      TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
+SELECT date_part('epoch',       TIME '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/timestamp.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/timestamp.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebc969f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/timestamp.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+--
+-- TIMESTAMP
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE TIMESTAMP_TBL (d1 timestamp(2) without time zone);
+
+-- Test shorthand input values
+-- We can't just "select" the results since they aren't constants; test for
+-- equality instead.  We can do that by running the test inside a transaction
+-- block, within which the value of 'now' shouldn't change, and so these
+-- related values shouldn't either.
+
+BEGIN;
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('today');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('yesterday');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow');
+-- time zone should be ignored by this data type
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow EST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow zulu');
+
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'today';
+SELECT count(*) AS Three FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow';
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'yesterday';
+
+COMMIT;
+
+DELETE FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+-- Verify that 'now' *does* change over a reasonable interval such as 100 msec,
+-- and that it doesn't change over the same interval within a transaction block
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+SELECT count(*) AS two FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp(2) without time zone 'now';
+SELECT count(d1) AS three, count(DISTINCT d1) AS two FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+COMMIT;
+
+TRUNCATE TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+-- Special values
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('-infinity');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('infinity');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('epoch');
+
+-- Postgres v6.0 standard output format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST');
+
+-- Variations on Postgres v6.1 standard output format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.000001 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.999999 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST');
+
+-- ISO 8601 format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02 03:04:05');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-08');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 -08:00');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 -0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 17:32:01 -07:00');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2001-09-22T18:19:20');
+
+-- POSIX format (note that the timezone abbrev is just decoration here)
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 08:14:01 GMT+8');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 13:14:02 GMT-1');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 12:14:03 GMT-2');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 03:14:04 PST+8');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 02:14:05 MST+7:00');
+
+-- Variations for acceptable input formats
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 -0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 5:32PM 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997/02/10 17:32:01-0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb-10-1997 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('02-10-1997 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 PST');
+set datestyle to ymd;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('97FEB10 5:32:01PM UTC');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('97/02/10 17:32:01 UTC');
+reset datestyle;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997.041 17:32:01 UTC');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 America/New_York');
+-- this fails (even though TZ is a no-op, we still look it up)
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America/Does_not_exist');
+
+-- Check date conversion and date arithmetic
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 18:32:01 PDT');
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 11 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 12 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 13 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 14 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 15 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997');
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0597');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1697');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1797');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1897');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 2097');
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1999');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2000');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 2000');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2001');
+
+-- Currently unsupported syntax and ranges
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC');
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+-- Check behavior at the boundaries of the timestamp range
+SELECT '4714-11-24 00:00:00 BC'::timestamp;
+SELECT '4714-11-23 23:59:59 BC'::timestamp;  -- out of range
+SELECT '294276-12-31 23:59:59'::timestamp;
+SELECT '294277-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp;  -- out of range
+
+-- Demonstrate functions and operators
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 > timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 < timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 != timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 <= timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+   WHERE d1 >= timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 - timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 BETWEEN '1902-01-01' AND '2038-01-01';
+
+SELECT date_trunc( 'week', timestamp '2004-02-29 15:44:17.71393' ) AS week_trunc;
+
+-- verify date_bin behaves the same as date_trunc for relevant intervals
+
+-- case 1: AD dates, origin < input
+SELECT
+  str,
+  interval,
+  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2001-01-01') AS equal
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('week', '7 d'),
+  ('day', '1 d'),
+  ('hour', '1 h'),
+  ('minute', '1 m'),
+  ('second', '1 s'),
+  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
+  ('microsecond', '1 us')
+) intervals (str, interval),
+(VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-29 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts);
+
+-- case 2: BC dates, origin < input
+SELECT
+  str,
+  interval,
+  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2000-01-01 BC') AS equal
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('week', '7 d'),
+  ('day', '1 d'),
+  ('hour', '1 h'),
+  ('minute', '1 m'),
+  ('second', '1 s'),
+  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
+  ('microsecond', '1 us')
+) intervals (str, interval),
+(VALUES (timestamp '0055-6-10 15:44:17.71393 BC')) ts (ts);
+
+-- case 3: AD dates, origin > input
+SELECT
+  str,
+  interval,
+  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2020-03-02') AS equal
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('week', '7 d'),
+  ('day', '1 d'),
+  ('hour', '1 h'),
+  ('minute', '1 m'),
+  ('second', '1 s'),
+  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
+  ('microsecond', '1 us')
+) intervals (str, interval),
+(VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-29 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts);
+
+-- case 4: BC dates, origin > input
+SELECT
+  str,
+  interval,
+  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '0055-06-17 BC') AS equal
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('week', '7 d'),
+  ('day', '1 d'),
+  ('hour', '1 h'),
+  ('minute', '1 m'),
+  ('second', '1 s'),
+  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
+  ('microsecond', '1 us')
+) intervals (str, interval),
+(VALUES (timestamp '0055-6-10 15:44:17.71393 BC')) ts (ts);
+
+-- bin timestamps into arbitrary intervals
+SELECT
+  interval,
+  ts,
+  origin,
+  date_bin(interval::interval, ts, origin)
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('15 days'),
+  ('2 hours'),
+  ('1 hour 30 minutes'),
+  ('15 minutes'),
+  ('10 seconds'),
+  ('100 milliseconds'),
+  ('250 microseconds')
+) intervals (interval),
+(VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-11 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts),
+(VALUES (timestamp '2001-01-01')) origin (origin);
+
+-- shift bins using the origin parameter:
+SELECT date_bin('5 min'::interval, timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2020-02-01 00:02:30');
+
+-- disallow intervals with months or years
+SELECT date_bin('5 months'::interval, timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2001-01-01');
+SELECT date_bin('5 years'::interval,  timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2001-01-01');
+
+-- disallow zero intervals
+SELECT date_bin('0 days'::interval, timestamp '1970-01-01 01:00:00' , timestamp '1970-01-01 00:00:00');
+
+-- disallow negative intervals
+SELECT date_bin('-2 days'::interval, timestamp '1970-01-01 01:00:00' , timestamp '1970-01-01 00:00:00');
+
+-- Test casting within a BETWEEN qualifier
+SELECT d1 - timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff
+  FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
+  WHERE d1 BETWEEN timestamp without time zone '1902-01-01'
+   AND timestamp without time zone '2038-01-01';
+
+-- DATE_PART (timestamp_part)
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   date_part( 'year', d1) AS year, date_part( 'month', d1) AS month,
+   date_part( 'day', d1) AS day, date_part( 'hour', d1) AS hour,
+   date_part( 'minute', d1) AS minute, date_part( 'second', d1) AS second
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   date_part( 'quarter', d1) AS quarter, date_part( 'msec', d1) AS msec,
+   date_part( 'usec', d1) AS usec
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   date_part( 'isoyear', d1) AS isoyear, date_part( 'week', d1) AS week,
+   date_part( 'isodow', d1) AS isodow, date_part( 'dow', d1) AS dow,
+   date_part( 'doy', d1) AS doy
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   date_part( 'decade', d1) AS decade,
+   date_part( 'century', d1) AS century,
+   date_part( 'millennium', d1) AS millennium,
+   round(date_part( 'julian', d1)) AS julian,
+   date_part( 'epoch', d1) AS epoch
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+-- extract implementation is mostly the same as date_part, so only
+-- test a few cases for additional coverage.
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   extract(microseconds from d1) AS microseconds,
+   extract(milliseconds from d1) AS milliseconds,
+   extract(seconds from d1) AS seconds,
+   round(extract(julian from d1)) AS julian,
+   extract(epoch from d1) AS epoch
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+-- value near upper bound uses special case in code
+SELECT date_part('epoch', '294270-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp);
+SELECT extract(epoch from '294270-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp);
+-- another internal overflow test case
+SELECT extract(epoch from '5000-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp);
+
+-- TO_CHAR()
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'DAY Day day DY Dy dy MONTH Month month RM MON Mon mon')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMDAY FMDay FMday FMMONTH FMMonth FMmonth FMRM')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'Y,YYY YYYY YYY YY Y CC Q MM WW DDD DD D J')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMY,YYY FMYYYY FMYYY FMYY FMY FMCC FMQ FMMM FMWW FMDDD FMDD FMD FMJ')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH HH12 HH24 MI SS SSSS')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, E'"HH:MI:SS is" HH:MI:SS "\\"text between quote marks\\""')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH24--text--MI--text--SS')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYYTH YYYYth Jth')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYY A.D. YYYY a.d. YYYY bc HH:MI:SS P.M. HH:MI:SS p.m. HH:MI:SS pm')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'IYYY IYY IY I IW IDDD ID')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMIYYY FMIYY FMIY FMI FMIW FMIDDD FMID')
+   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d, 'FF1 FF2 FF3 FF4 FF5 FF6  ff1 ff2 ff3 ff4 ff5 ff6  MS US')
+   FROM (VALUES
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56'::timestamp),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78'),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901'),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901234')
+   ) d(d);
+
+-- Roman months, with upper and lower case.
+SELECT i,
+       to_char(i * interval '1mon', 'rm'),
+       to_char(i * interval '1mon', 'RM')
+    FROM generate_series(-13, 13) i;
+
+-- timestamp numeric fields constructor
+SELECT make_timestamp(2014, 12, 28, 6, 30, 45.887);
+SELECT make_timestamp(-44, 3, 15, 12, 30, 15);
+-- should fail
+select make_timestamp(0, 7, 15, 12, 30, 15);
+
+-- generate_series for timestamp
+select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamp,
+                              '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamp,
+                              '1 hour'::interval);
+-- the LIMIT should allow this to terminate in a reasonable amount of time
+-- (but that unfortunately doesn't work yet for SELECT * FROM ...)
+select generate_series('2022-01-01 00:00'::timestamp,
+                       'infinity'::timestamp,
+                       '1 month'::interval) limit 10;
+-- errors
+select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamp,
+                              '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamp,
+                              '0 hour'::interval);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/timestamptz.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/timestamptz.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a107abc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/timestamptz.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+--
+-- TIMESTAMPTZ
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL (d1 timestamp(2) with time zone);
+
+-- Test shorthand input values
+-- We can't just "select" the results since they aren't constants; test for
+-- equality instead.  We can do that by running the test inside a transaction
+-- block, within which the value of 'now' shouldn't change, and so these
+-- related values shouldn't either.
+
+BEGIN;
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('today');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('yesterday');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow EST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow zulu');
+
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone 'today';
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow';
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone 'yesterday';
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow EST';
+SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone 'tomorrow zulu';
+
+COMMIT;
+
+DELETE FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+-- Verify that 'now' *does* change over a reasonable interval such as 100 msec,
+-- and that it doesn't change over the same interval within a transaction block
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('now');
+SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
+SELECT count(*) AS two FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp(2) with time zone 'now';
+SELECT count(d1) AS three, count(DISTINCT d1) AS two FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+COMMIT;
+
+TRUNCATE TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+-- Special values
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('-infinity');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('infinity');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('epoch');
+
+-- Postgres v6.0 standard output format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST');
+
+-- Variations on Postgres v6.1 standard output format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.000001 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.999999 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST');
+
+-- ISO 8601 format
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02 03:04:05');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-08');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 -08:00');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 -0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 17:32:01 -07:00');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2001-09-22T18:19:20');
+
+-- POSIX format (note that the timezone abbrev is just decoration here)
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 08:14:01 GMT+8');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 13:14:02 GMT-1');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 12:14:03 GMT-2');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 03:14:04 PST+8');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 02:14:05 MST+7:00');
+
+-- Variations for acceptable input formats
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 -0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 5:32PM 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997/02/10 17:32:01-0800');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb-10-1997 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('02-10-1997 17:32:01 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 PST');
+set datestyle to ymd;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('97FEB10 5:32:01PM UTC');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('97/02/10 17:32:01 UTC');
+reset datestyle;
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997.041 17:32:01 UTC');
+
+-- timestamps at different timezones
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 America/New_York');
+SELECT '19970210 173201' AT TIME ZONE 'America/New_York';
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America/New_York');
+SELECT '19970710 173201' AT TIME ZONE 'America/New_York';
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America/Does_not_exist');
+SELECT '19970710 173201' AT TIME ZONE 'America/Does_not_exist';
+
+-- Daylight saving time for timestamps beyond 32-bit time_t range.
+SELECT '20500710 173201 Europe/Helsinki'::timestamptz; -- DST
+SELECT '20500110 173201 Europe/Helsinki'::timestamptz; -- non-DST
+
+SELECT '205000-07-10 17:32:01 Europe/Helsinki'::timestamptz; -- DST
+SELECT '205000-01-10 17:32:01 Europe/Helsinki'::timestamptz; -- non-DST
+
+-- Check date conversion and date arithmetic
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 18:32:01 PDT');
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 11 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 12 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 13 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 14 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 15 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997');
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0597');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1697');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1797');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1897');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 2097');
+
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1996');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1997');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1999');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2000');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 2000');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2001');
+
+-- Currently unsupported syntax and ranges
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC');
+
+-- Alternative field order that we've historically supported (sort of)
+-- with regular and POSIXy timezone specs
+SELECT 'Wed Jul 11 10:51:14 America/New_York 2001'::timestamptz;
+SELECT 'Wed Jul 11 10:51:14 GMT-4 2001'::timestamptz;
+SELECT 'Wed Jul 11 10:51:14 GMT+4 2001'::timestamptz;
+SELECT 'Wed Jul 11 10:51:14 PST-03:00 2001'::timestamptz;
+SELECT 'Wed Jul 11 10:51:14 PST+03:00 2001'::timestamptz;
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+-- Check behavior at the boundaries of the timestamp range
+SELECT '4714-11-24 00:00:00+00 BC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '4714-11-23 16:00:00-08 BC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT 'Sun Nov 23 16:00:00 4714 PST BC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '4714-11-23 23:59:59+00 BC'::timestamptz;  -- out of range
+SELECT '294276-12-31 23:59:59+00'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '294276-12-31 15:59:59-08'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '294277-01-01 00:00:00+00'::timestamptz;  -- out of range
+SELECT '294277-12-31 16:00:00-08'::timestamptz;  -- out of range
+
+-- Demonstrate functions and operators
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 > timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 < timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 = timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 != timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 <= timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+   WHERE d1 >= timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02';
+
+SELECT d1 - timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL WHERE d1 BETWEEN '1902-01-01' AND '2038-01-01';
+
+SELECT date_trunc( 'week', timestamp with time zone '2004-02-29 15:44:17.71393' ) AS week_trunc;
+
+SELECT date_trunc('day', timestamp with time zone '2001-02-16 20:38:40+00', 'Australia/Sydney') as sydney_trunc;  -- zone name
+SELECT date_trunc('day', timestamp with time zone '2001-02-16 20:38:40+00', 'GMT') as gmt_trunc;  -- fixed-offset abbreviation
+SELECT date_trunc('day', timestamp with time zone '2001-02-16 20:38:40+00', 'VET') as vet_trunc;  -- variable-offset abbreviation
+
+-- verify date_bin behaves the same as date_trunc for relevant intervals
+SELECT
+  str,
+  interval,
+  date_trunc(str, ts, 'Australia/Sydney') = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp with time zone '2001-01-01+11') AS equal
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('day', '1 d'),
+  ('hour', '1 h'),
+  ('minute', '1 m'),
+  ('second', '1 s'),
+  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
+  ('microsecond', '1 us')
+) intervals (str, interval),
+(VALUES (timestamptz '2020-02-29 15:44:17.71393+00')) ts (ts);
+
+-- bin timestamps into arbitrary intervals
+SELECT
+  interval,
+  ts,
+  origin,
+  date_bin(interval::interval, ts, origin)
+FROM (
+  VALUES
+  ('15 days'),
+  ('2 hours'),
+  ('1 hour 30 minutes'),
+  ('15 minutes'),
+  ('10 seconds'),
+  ('100 milliseconds'),
+  ('250 microseconds')
+) intervals (interval),
+(VALUES (timestamptz '2020-02-11 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts),
+(VALUES (timestamptz '2001-01-01')) origin (origin);
+
+-- shift bins using the origin parameter:
+SELECT date_bin('5 min'::interval, timestamptz '2020-02-01 01:01:01+00', timestamptz '2020-02-01 00:02:30+00');
+
+-- disallow intervals with months or years
+SELECT date_bin('5 months'::interval, timestamp with time zone '2020-02-01 01:01:01+00', timestamp with time zone '2001-01-01+00');
+SELECT date_bin('5 years'::interval,  timestamp with time zone '2020-02-01 01:01:01+00', timestamp with time zone '2001-01-01+00');
+
+-- disallow zero intervals
+SELECT date_bin('0 days'::interval, timestamp with time zone '1970-01-01 01:00:00+00' , timestamp with time zone '1970-01-01 00:00:00+00');
+
+-- disallow negative intervals
+SELECT date_bin('-2 days'::interval, timestamp with time zone '1970-01-01 01:00:00+00' , timestamp with time zone '1970-01-01 00:00:00+00');
+
+-- Test casting within a BETWEEN qualifier
+SELECT d1 - timestamp with time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff
+  FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL
+  WHERE d1 BETWEEN timestamp with time zone '1902-01-01' AND timestamp with time zone '2038-01-01';
+
+-- DATE_PART (timestamptz_part)
+SELECT d1 as timestamptz,
+   date_part( 'year', d1) AS year, date_part( 'month', d1) AS month,
+   date_part( 'day', d1) AS day, date_part( 'hour', d1) AS hour,
+   date_part( 'minute', d1) AS minute, date_part( 'second', d1) AS second
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT d1 as timestamptz,
+   date_part( 'quarter', d1) AS quarter, date_part( 'msec', d1) AS msec,
+   date_part( 'usec', d1) AS usec
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT d1 as timestamptz,
+   date_part( 'isoyear', d1) AS isoyear, date_part( 'week', d1) AS week,
+   date_part( 'isodow', d1) AS isodow, date_part( 'dow', d1) AS dow,
+   date_part( 'doy', d1) AS doy
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT d1 as timestamptz,
+   date_part( 'decade', d1) AS decade,
+   date_part( 'century', d1) AS century,
+   date_part( 'millennium', d1) AS millennium,
+   round(date_part( 'julian', d1)) AS julian,
+   date_part( 'epoch', d1) AS epoch
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT d1 as timestamptz,
+   date_part( 'timezone', d1) AS timezone,
+   date_part( 'timezone_hour', d1) AS timezone_hour,
+   date_part( 'timezone_minute', d1) AS timezone_minute
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+-- extract implementation is mostly the same as date_part, so only
+-- test a few cases for additional coverage.
+SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
+   extract(microseconds from d1) AS microseconds,
+   extract(milliseconds from d1) AS milliseconds,
+   extract(seconds from d1) AS seconds,
+   round(extract(julian from d1)) AS julian,
+   extract(epoch from d1) AS epoch
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+-- value near upper bound uses special case in code
+SELECT date_part('epoch', '294270-01-01 00:00:00+00'::timestamptz);
+SELECT extract(epoch from '294270-01-01 00:00:00+00'::timestamptz);
+-- another internal overflow test case
+SELECT extract(epoch from '5000-01-01 00:00:00+00'::timestamptz);
+
+-- TO_CHAR()
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'DAY Day day DY Dy dy MONTH Month month RM MON Mon mon')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMDAY FMDay FMday FMMONTH FMMonth FMmonth FMRM')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'Y,YYY YYYY YYY YY Y CC Q MM WW DDD DD D J')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMY,YYY FMYYYY FMYYY FMYY FMY FMCC FMQ FMMM FMWW FMDDD FMDD FMD FMJ')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH HH12 HH24 MI SS SSSS')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, E'"HH:MI:SS is" HH:MI:SS "\\"text between quote marks\\""')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH24--text--MI--text--SS')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYYTH YYYYth Jth')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYY A.D. YYYY a.d. YYYY bc HH:MI:SS P.M. HH:MI:SS p.m. HH:MI:SS pm')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'IYYY IYY IY I IW IDDD ID')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMIYYY FMIYY FMIY FMI FMIW FMIDDD FMID')
+   FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT to_char(d, 'FF1 FF2 FF3 FF4 FF5 FF6  ff1 ff2 ff3 ff4 ff5 ff6  MS US')
+   FROM (VALUES
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56'::timestamptz),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78'),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901'),
+       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901234')
+   ) d(d);
+
+-- Check OF, TZH, TZM with various zone offsets, particularly fractional hours
+SET timezone = '00:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+SET timezone = '+02:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+SET timezone = '-13:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+SET timezone = '-00:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+SET timezone = '00:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+SET timezone = '-04:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+SET timezone = '04:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+SET timezone = '-04:15';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+SET timezone = '04:15';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'OF') as "OF", to_char(now(), 'TZH:TZM') as "TZH:TZM";
+RESET timezone;
+
+-- Check of, tzh, tzm with various zone offsets.
+SET timezone = '00:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "Of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+SET timezone = '+02:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+SET timezone = '-13:00';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+SET timezone = '-00:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+SET timezone = '00:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+SET timezone = '-04:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+SET timezone = '04:30';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+SET timezone = '-04:15';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+SET timezone = '04:15';
+SELECT to_char(now(), 'of') as "of", to_char(now(), 'tzh:tzm') as "tzh:tzm";
+RESET timezone;
+
+
+CREATE TABLE TIMESTAMPTZ_TST (a int , b timestamptz);
+
+-- Test year field value with len > 4
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(1, 'Sat Mar 12 23:58:48 1000 IST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(2, 'Sat Mar 12 23:58:48 10000 IST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(3, 'Sat Mar 12 23:58:48 100000 IST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(3, '10000 Mar 12 23:58:48 IST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(4, '100000312 23:58:48 IST');
+INSERT INTO TIMESTAMPTZ_TST VALUES(4, '1000000312 23:58:48 IST');
+--Verify data
+SELECT * FROM TIMESTAMPTZ_TST ORDER BY a;
+--Cleanup
+DROP TABLE TIMESTAMPTZ_TST;
+
+-- test timestamptz constructors
+set TimeZone to 'America/New_York';
+
+-- numeric timezone
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1973, 07, 15, 08, 15, 55.33);
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1973, 07, 15, 08, 15, 55.33, '+2');
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1973, 07, 15, 08, 15, 55.33, '-2');
+WITH tzs (tz) AS (VALUES
+    ('+1'), ('+1:'), ('+1:0'), ('+100'), ('+1:00'), ('+01:00'),
+    ('+10'), ('+1000'), ('+10:'), ('+10:0'), ('+10:00'), ('+10:00:'),
+    ('+10:00:1'), ('+10:00:01'),
+    ('+10:00:10'))
+     SELECT make_timestamptz(2010, 2, 27, 3, 45, 00, tz), tz FROM tzs;
+
+-- these should fail
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1973, 07, 15, 08, 15, 55.33, '2');
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, '+16');
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, '-16');
+
+-- should be true
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1973, 07, 15, 08, 15, 55.33, '+2') = '1973-07-15 08:15:55.33+02'::timestamptz;
+
+-- full timezone names
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 12, 10, 0, 0, 0, 'Europe/Prague') = timestamptz '2014-12-10 00:00:00 Europe/Prague';
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 12, 10, 0, 0, 0, 'Europe/Prague') AT TIME ZONE 'UTC';
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1846, 12, 10, 0, 0, 0, 'Asia/Manila') AT TIME ZONE 'UTC';
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1881, 12, 10, 0, 0, 0, 'Europe/Paris') AT TIME ZONE 'UTC';
+SELECT make_timestamptz(1910, 12, 24, 0, 0, 0, 'Nehwon/Lankhmar');
+
+-- abbreviations
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2008, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, 'EST');
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2008, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, 'EDT');
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, 'PST8PDT');
+
+RESET TimeZone;
+
+-- generate_series for timestamptz
+select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamptz,
+                              '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamptz,
+                              '1 hour'::interval);
+-- the LIMIT should allow this to terminate in a reasonable amount of time
+-- (but that unfortunately doesn't work yet for SELECT * FROM ...)
+select generate_series('2022-01-01 00:00'::timestamptz,
+                       'infinity'::timestamptz,
+                       '1 month'::interval) limit 10;
+-- errors
+select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamptz,
+                              '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamptz,
+                              '0 hour'::interval);
+
+--
+-- Test behavior with a dynamic (time-varying) timezone abbreviation.
+-- These tests rely on the knowledge that MSK (Europe/Moscow standard time)
+-- moved forwards in Mar 2011 and backwards again in Oct 2014.
+--
+
+SET TimeZone to 'UTC';
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:59:59 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:01 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:59:59 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:01 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 04:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:59:59 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:01 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:59:59 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:01 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 04:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:59:59 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:01 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-26 02:00:00 Europe/Moscow'::timestamptz;
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:59:59 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:01 MSK'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-26 02:00:00 MSK'::timestamptz;
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 04:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 01:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 02:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 03:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 04:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2014-10-26 02:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2014-10-26 00:59:59'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2014-10-26 01:00:01'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2014-10-26 02:00:00'::timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 10, 26, 0, 0, 0, 'MSK');
+SELECT make_timestamptz(2014, 10, 26, 1, 0, 0, 'MSK');
+
+SELECT to_timestamp(         0);          -- 1970-01-01 00:00:00+00
+SELECT to_timestamp( 946684800);          -- 2000-01-01 00:00:00+00
+SELECT to_timestamp(1262349296.7890123);  -- 2010-01-01 12:34:56.789012+00
+-- edge cases
+SELECT to_timestamp(-210866803200);       --   4714-11-24 00:00:00+00 BC
+-- upper limit varies between integer and float timestamps, so hard to test
+-- nonfinite values
+SELECT to_timestamp(' Infinity'::float);
+SELECT to_timestamp('-Infinity'::float);
+SELECT to_timestamp('NaN'::float);
+
+
+SET TimeZone to 'Europe/Moscow';
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz;
+SELECT '2014-10-25 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz;
+
+RESET TimeZone;
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+SELECT '2014-10-25 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow';
+
+SELECT '2011-03-26 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-26 22:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-26 23:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2011-03-27 00:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2014-10-25 21:59:59 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2014-10-25 22:00:01 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+SELECT '2014-10-25 23:00:00 UTC'::timestamptz AT TIME ZONE 'MSK';
+
+--
+-- Test that AT TIME ZONE isn't misoptimized when using an index (bug #14504)
+--
+create temp table tmptz (f1 timestamptz primary key);
+insert into tmptz values ('2017-01-18 00:00+00');
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tmptz where f1 at time zone 'utc' = '2017-01-18 00:00';
+select * from tmptz where f1 at time zone 'utc' = '2017-01-18 00:00';
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/timetz.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/timetz.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8350dbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/timetz.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+--
+-- TIMETZ
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE TIMETZ_TBL (f1 time(2) with time zone);
+
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('00:01 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('01:00 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('02:03 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('07:07 PST');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('08:08 EDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('11:59 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('12:00 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('12:01 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('23:59 PDT');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('11:59:59.99 PM PDT');
+
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('2003-03-07 15:36:39 America/New_York');
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('2003-07-07 15:36:39 America/New_York');
+-- this should fail (the timezone offset is not known)
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 America/New_York');
+-- this should fail (timezone not specified without a date)
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 m2');
+-- this should fail (dynamic timezone abbreviation without a date)
+INSERT INTO TIMETZ_TBL VALUES ('15:36:39 MSK m2');
+
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Time TZ" FROM TIMETZ_TBL;
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Three" FROM TIMETZ_TBL WHERE f1 < '05:06:07-07';
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Seven" FROM TIMETZ_TBL WHERE f1 > '05:06:07-07';
+
+SELECT f1 AS "None" FROM TIMETZ_TBL WHERE f1 < '00:00-07';
+
+SELECT f1 AS "Ten" FROM TIMETZ_TBL WHERE f1 >= '00:00-07';
+
+-- Check edge cases
+SELECT '23:59:59.999999 PDT'::timetz;
+SELECT '23:59:59.9999999 PDT'::timetz;  -- rounds up
+SELECT '23:59:60 PDT'::timetz;  -- rounds up
+SELECT '24:00:00 PDT'::timetz;  -- allowed
+SELECT '24:00:00.01 PDT'::timetz;  -- not allowed
+SELECT '23:59:60.01 PDT'::timetz;  -- not allowed
+SELECT '24:01:00 PDT'::timetz;  -- not allowed
+SELECT '25:00:00 PDT'::timetz;  -- not allowed
+
+--
+-- TIME simple math
+--
+-- We now make a distinction between time and intervals,
+-- and adding two times together makes no sense at all.
+-- Leave in one query to show that it is rejected,
+-- and do the rest of the testing in horology.sql
+-- where we do mixed-type arithmetic. - thomas 2000-12-02
+
+SELECT f1 + time with time zone '00:01' AS "Illegal" FROM TIMETZ_TBL;
+
+--
+-- test EXTRACT
+--
+SELECT EXTRACT(MICROSECOND FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+SELECT EXTRACT(MILLISECOND FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+SELECT EXTRACT(SECOND      FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+SELECT EXTRACT(MINUTE      FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR        FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+SELECT EXTRACT(DAY         FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');  -- error
+SELECT EXTRACT(FORTNIGHT   FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');  -- error
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE    FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04:30');
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_HOUR   FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04:30');
+SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_MINUTE FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04:30');
+SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH       FROM TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+
+-- date_part implementation is mostly the same as extract, so only
+-- test a few cases for additional coverage.
+SELECT date_part('microsecond', TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+SELECT date_part('millisecond', TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+SELECT date_part('second',      TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+SELECT date_part('epoch',       TIME WITH TIME ZONE '2020-05-26 13:30:25.575401-04');
+
+--
+-- Test timetz_zone, timetz_izone
+--
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL TimeZone TO 'UTC';
+CREATE VIEW timetz_local_view AS
+  SELECT f1 AS dat,
+       f1 AT TIME ZONE current_setting('TimeZone') AS dat_at_tz,
+       f1 AT TIME ZONE INTERVAL '00:00' AS dat_at_int
+  FROM TIMETZ_TBL
+  ORDER BY f1;
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('timetz_local_view', true);
+TABLE timetz_local_view;
+SELECT f1 AS dat,
+       f1 AT TIME ZONE 'UTC+10' AS dat_at_tz,
+       f1 AT TIME ZONE INTERVAL '-10:00' AS dat_at_int
+  FROM TIMETZ_TBL
+  ORDER BY f1;
+ROLLBACK;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/transactions.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/transactions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97ab16f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/transactions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+--
+-- TRANSACTIONS
+--
+
+BEGIN;
+
+CREATE TABLE xacttest (a smallint, b real);
+INSERT INTO xacttest VALUES
+  (56, 7.8),
+  (100, 99.097),
+  (0, 0.09561),
+  (42, 324.78);
+INSERT INTO xacttest (a, b) VALUES (777, 777.777);
+
+END;
+
+-- should retrieve one value--
+SELECT a FROM xacttest WHERE a > 100;
+
+
+BEGIN;
+
+CREATE TABLE disappear (a int4);
+
+DELETE FROM xacttest;
+
+-- should be empty
+SELECT * FROM xacttest;
+
+ABORT;
+
+-- should not exist
+SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'disappear';
+
+-- should have members again
+SELECT * FROM xacttest;
+
+
+-- Read-only tests
+
+CREATE TABLE writetest (a int);
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temptest (a int);
+
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE, READ ONLY, DEFERRABLE; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+SAVEPOINT x;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
+SAVEPOINT x;
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; --fail
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE; -- ok
+SAVEPOINT x;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT x;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;  -- off
+SAVEPOINT y;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT y;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;  -- off
+COMMIT;
+
+SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+
+DROP TABLE writetest; -- fail
+INSERT INTO writetest VALUES (1); -- fail
+SELECT * FROM writetest; -- ok
+DELETE FROM temptest; -- ok
+UPDATE temptest SET a = 0 FROM writetest WHERE temptest.a = 1 AND writetest.a = temptest.a; -- ok
+PREPARE test AS UPDATE writetest SET a = 0; -- ok
+EXECUTE test; -- fail
+SELECT * FROM writetest, temptest; -- ok
+CREATE TABLE test AS SELECT * FROM writetest; -- fail
+
+START TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
+DROP TABLE writetest; -- ok
+COMMIT;
+
+-- Subtransactions, basic tests
+-- create & drop tables
+SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
+CREATE TABLE trans_foobar (a int);
+BEGIN;
+	CREATE TABLE trans_foo (a int);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		DROP TABLE trans_foo;
+		CREATE TABLE trans_bar (a int);
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	SAVEPOINT two;
+		CREATE TABLE trans_baz (a int);
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT two;
+	drop TABLE trans_foobar;
+	CREATE TABLE trans_barbaz (a int);
+COMMIT;
+-- should exist: trans_barbaz, trans_baz, trans_foo
+SELECT * FROM trans_foo;		-- should be empty
+SELECT * FROM trans_bar;		-- shouldn't exist
+SELECT * FROM trans_barbaz;	-- should be empty
+SELECT * FROM trans_baz;		-- should be empty
+
+-- inserts
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO trans_foo VALUES (1);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT into trans_bar VALUES (1);
+	ROLLBACK TO one;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	SAVEPOINT two;
+		INSERT into trans_barbaz VALUES (1);
+	RELEASE two;
+	SAVEPOINT three;
+		SAVEPOINT four;
+			INSERT INTO trans_foo VALUES (2);
+		RELEASE SAVEPOINT four;
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT three;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT three;
+	INSERT INTO trans_foo VALUES (3);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM trans_foo;		-- should have 1 and 3
+SELECT * FROM trans_barbaz;	-- should have 1
+
+-- test whole-tree commit
+BEGIN;
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		SELECT trans_foo;
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	SAVEPOINT two;
+		CREATE TABLE savepoints (a int);
+		SAVEPOINT three;
+			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (1);
+			SAVEPOINT four;
+				INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (2);
+				SAVEPOINT five;
+					INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (3);
+				ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT five;
+COMMIT;
+COMMIT;		-- should not be in a transaction block
+SELECT * FROM savepoints;
+
+-- test whole-tree rollback
+BEGIN;
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=1;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	SAVEPOINT two;
+		DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=1;
+		SAVEPOINT three;
+			DELETE FROM savepoints WHERE a=2;
+ROLLBACK;
+COMMIT;		-- should not be in a transaction block
+
+SELECT * FROM savepoints;
+
+-- test whole-tree commit on an aborted subtransaction
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (4);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (5);
+		SELECT trans_foo;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM savepoints;
+
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (6);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (7);
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (8);
+COMMIT;
+-- rows 6 and 8 should have been created by the same xact
+SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=6 AND b.a=8;
+-- rows 6 and 7 should have been created by different xacts
+SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=6 AND b.a=7;
+
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (9);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (10);
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (11);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a in (9, 10, 11);
+-- rows 9 and 11 should have been created by different xacts
+SELECT a.xmin = b.xmin FROM savepoints a, savepoints b WHERE a.a=9 AND b.a=11;
+
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (12);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (13);
+		SAVEPOINT two;
+			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (14);
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (15);
+		SAVEPOINT two;
+			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (16);
+			SAVEPOINT three;
+				INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (17);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a BETWEEN 12 AND 17;
+
+BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (18);
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (19);
+		SAVEPOINT two;
+			INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (20);
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (21);
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+		INSERT INTO savepoints VALUES (22);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT a FROM savepoints WHERE a BETWEEN 18 AND 22;
+
+DROP TABLE savepoints;
+
+-- only in a transaction block:
+SAVEPOINT one;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+
+-- Only "rollback to" allowed in aborted state
+BEGIN;
+  SAVEPOINT one;
+  SELECT 0/0;
+  SAVEPOINT two;    -- ignored till the end of ...
+  RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;      -- ignored till the end of ...
+  ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+  SELECT 1;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT 1;			-- this should work
+
+-- check non-transactional behavior of cursors
+BEGIN;
+	DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT unique2 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+	SAVEPOINT one;
+		FETCH 10 FROM c;
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT one;
+		FETCH 10 FROM c;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT one;
+	FETCH 10 FROM c;
+	CLOSE c;
+	DECLARE c CURSOR FOR SELECT unique2/0 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique2;
+	SAVEPOINT two;
+		FETCH 10 FROM c;
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT two;
+	-- c is now dead to the world ...
+		FETCH 10 FROM c;
+	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT two;
+	RELEASE SAVEPOINT two;
+	FETCH 10 FROM c;
+COMMIT;
+
+--
+-- Check that "stable" functions are really stable.  They should not be
+-- able to see the partial results of the calling query.  (Ideally we would
+-- also check that they don't see commits of concurrent transactions, but
+-- that's a mite hard to do within the limitations of pg_regress.)
+--
+select * from xacttest;
+
+create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language sql as
+'select max(a) from xacttest' stable;
+
+begin;
+update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
+select * from xacttest;
+rollback;
+
+-- But a volatile function can see the partial results of the calling query
+create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language sql as
+'select max(a) from xacttest' volatile;
+
+begin;
+update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
+select * from xacttest;
+rollback;
+
+-- Now the same test with plpgsql (since it depends on SPI which is different)
+create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language plpgsql as
+'begin return max(a) from xacttest; end' stable;
+
+begin;
+update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
+select * from xacttest;
+rollback;
+
+create or replace function max_xacttest() returns smallint language plpgsql as
+'begin return max(a) from xacttest; end' volatile;
+
+begin;
+update xacttest set a = max_xacttest() + 10 where a > 0;
+select * from xacttest;
+rollback;
+
+
+-- test case for problems with dropping an open relation during abort
+BEGIN;
+	savepoint x;
+		CREATE TABLE koju (a INT UNIQUE);
+		INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
+		INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
+	rollback to x;
+
+	CREATE TABLE koju (a INT UNIQUE);
+	INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
+	INSERT INTO koju VALUES (1);
+ROLLBACK;
+
+DROP TABLE trans_foo;
+DROP TABLE trans_baz;
+DROP TABLE trans_barbaz;
+
+
+-- test case for problems with revalidating an open relation during abort
+create function inverse(int) returns float8 as
+$$
+begin
+  analyze revalidate_bug;
+  return 1::float8/$1;
+exception
+  when division_by_zero then return 0;
+end$$ language plpgsql volatile;
+
+create table revalidate_bug (c float8 unique);
+insert into revalidate_bug values (1);
+insert into revalidate_bug values (inverse(0));
+
+drop table revalidate_bug;
+drop function inverse(int);
+
+
+-- verify that cursors created during an aborted subtransaction are
+-- closed, but that we do not rollback the effect of any FETCHs
+-- performed in the aborted subtransaction
+begin;
+
+savepoint x;
+create table trans_abc (a int);
+insert into trans_abc values (5);
+insert into trans_abc values (10);
+declare foo cursor for select * from trans_abc;
+fetch from foo;
+rollback to x;
+
+-- should fail
+fetch from foo;
+commit;
+
+begin;
+
+create table trans_abc (a int);
+insert into trans_abc values (5);
+insert into trans_abc values (10);
+insert into trans_abc values (15);
+declare foo cursor for select * from trans_abc;
+
+fetch from foo;
+
+savepoint x;
+fetch from foo;
+rollback to x;
+
+fetch from foo;
+
+abort;
+
+
+-- Test for proper cleanup after a failure in a cursor portal
+-- that was created in an outer subtransaction
+CREATE FUNCTION invert(x float8) RETURNS float8 LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
+$$ begin return 1/x; end $$;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION create_temp_tab() RETURNS text
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+BEGIN
+  CREATE TEMP TABLE new_table (f1 float8);
+  -- case of interest is that we fail while holding an open
+  -- relcache reference to new_table
+  INSERT INTO new_table SELECT invert(0.0);
+  RETURN 'foo';
+END $$;
+
+BEGIN;
+DECLARE ok CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM int8_tbl;
+DECLARE ctt CURSOR FOR SELECT create_temp_tab();
+FETCH ok;
+SAVEPOINT s1;
+FETCH ok;  -- should work
+FETCH ctt; -- error occurs here
+ROLLBACK TO s1;
+FETCH ok;  -- should work
+FETCH ctt; -- must be rejected
+COMMIT;
+
+DROP FUNCTION create_temp_tab();
+DROP FUNCTION invert(x float8);
+
+
+-- Tests for AND CHAIN
+
+CREATE TABLE trans_abc (a int);
+
+-- set nondefault value so we have something to override below
+SET default_transaction_read_only = on;
+
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ WRITE, DEFERRABLE;
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (2);
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_END
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES ('error');
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (3);  -- check it's really aborted
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_END
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (4);
+COMMIT;
+
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ WRITE, DEFERRABLE;
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+SAVEPOINT x;
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES ('error');
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_PENDING
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (5);
+COMMIT;
+
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ WRITE, DEFERRABLE;
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+SAVEPOINT x;
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_SUBCOMMIT
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+COMMIT;
+
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED, READ WRITE, DEFERRABLE;
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+SAVEPOINT x;
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_SUBCOMMIT
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- different mix of options just for fun
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE, READ WRITE, NOT DEFERRABLE;
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (6);
+ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_PENDING
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES ('error');
+ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- TBLOCK_ABORT_END
+SHOW transaction_isolation;
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+SHOW transaction_deferrable;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- not allowed outside a transaction block
+COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- error
+ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- error
+
+SELECT * FROM trans_abc ORDER BY 1;
+
+RESET default_transaction_read_only;
+
+DROP TABLE trans_abc;
+
+
+-- Test assorted behaviors around the implicit transaction block created
+-- when multiple SQL commands are sent in a single Query message.  These
+-- tests rely on the fact that psql will not break SQL commands apart at a
+-- backslash-quoted semicolon, but will send them as one Query.
+
+create temp table i_table (f1 int);
+
+-- psql will show all results of a multi-statement Query
+SELECT 1\; SELECT 2\; SELECT 3;
+
+-- this implicitly commits:
+insert into i_table values(1)\; select * from i_table;
+-- 1/0 error will cause rolling back the whole implicit transaction
+insert into i_table values(2)\; select * from i_table\; select 1/0;
+select * from i_table;
+
+rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point
+
+-- can use regular begin/commit/rollback within a single Query
+begin\; insert into i_table values(3)\; commit;
+rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point
+begin\; insert into i_table values(4)\; rollback;
+rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point
+
+-- begin converts implicit transaction into a regular one that
+-- can extend past the end of the Query
+select 1\; begin\; insert into i_table values(5);
+commit;
+select 1\; begin\; insert into i_table values(6);
+rollback;
+
+-- commit in implicit-transaction state commits but issues a warning.
+insert into i_table values(7)\; commit\; insert into i_table values(8)\; select 1/0;
+-- similarly, rollback aborts but issues a warning.
+insert into i_table values(9)\; rollback\; select 2;
+
+select * from i_table;
+
+rollback;  -- we are not in a transaction at this point
+
+-- implicit transaction block is still a transaction block, for e.g. VACUUM
+SELECT 1\; VACUUM;
+SELECT 1\; COMMIT\; VACUUM;
+
+-- we disallow savepoint-related commands in implicit-transaction state
+SELECT 1\; SAVEPOINT sp;
+SELECT 1\; COMMIT\; SAVEPOINT sp;
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp\; SELECT 2;
+SELECT 2\; RELEASE SAVEPOINT sp\; SELECT 3;
+
+-- but this is OK, because the BEGIN converts it to a regular xact
+SELECT 1\; BEGIN\; SAVEPOINT sp\; ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp\; COMMIT;
+
+
+-- Tests for AND CHAIN in implicit transaction blocks
+
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- error
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- error
+SHOW transaction_read_only;
+
+CREATE TABLE trans_abc (a int);
+
+-- COMMIT/ROLLBACK + COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (7)\; COMMIT\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (8)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- 7 commit, 8 error
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (9)\; ROLLBACK\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (10)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- 9 rollback, 10 error
+
+-- COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN + COMMIT/ROLLBACK
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (11)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (12)\; COMMIT;  -- 11 error, 12 not reached
+INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (13)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (14)\; ROLLBACK;  -- 13 error, 14 not reached
+
+-- START TRANSACTION + COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (15)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- 15 ok
+SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- transaction is active at this point
+COMMIT;
+
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (16)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- 16 ok
+SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- transaction is active at this point
+ROLLBACK;
+
+SET default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed';
+
+-- START TRANSACTION + COMMIT/ROLLBACK + COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (17)\; COMMIT\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (18)\; COMMIT AND CHAIN;  -- 17 commit, 18 error
+SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- out of transaction block
+
+START TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (19)\; ROLLBACK\; INSERT INTO trans_abc VALUES (20)\; ROLLBACK AND CHAIN;  -- 19 rollback, 20 error
+SHOW transaction_isolation;  -- out of transaction block
+
+RESET default_transaction_isolation;
+
+SELECT * FROM trans_abc ORDER BY 1;
+
+DROP TABLE trans_abc;
+
+
+-- Test for successful cleanup of an aborted transaction at session exit.
+-- THIS MUST BE THE LAST TEST IN THIS FILE.
+
+begin;
+select 1/0;
+rollback to X;
+
+-- DO NOT ADD ANYTHING HERE.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/triggers.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/triggers.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d29e98d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/triggers.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,2768 @@
+--
+-- TRIGGERS
+--
+
+-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
+\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
+
+\set autoinclib :libdir '/autoinc' :dlsuffix
+\set refintlib :libdir '/refint' :dlsuffix
+\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
+
+CREATE FUNCTION autoinc ()
+	RETURNS trigger
+	AS :'autoinclib'
+	LANGUAGE C;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION check_primary_key ()
+	RETURNS trigger
+	AS :'refintlib'
+	LANGUAGE C;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION check_foreign_key ()
+	RETURNS trigger
+	AS :'refintlib'
+	LANGUAGE C;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION trigger_return_old ()
+        RETURNS trigger
+        AS :'regresslib'
+        LANGUAGE C;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION set_ttdummy (int4)
+        RETURNS int4
+        AS :'regresslib'
+        LANGUAGE C STRICT;
+
+create table pkeys (pkey1 int4 not null, pkey2 text not null);
+create table fkeys (fkey1 int4, fkey2 text, fkey3 int);
+create table fkeys2 (fkey21 int4, fkey22 text, pkey23 int not null);
+
+create index fkeys_i on fkeys (fkey1, fkey2);
+create index fkeys2_i on fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22);
+create index fkeys2p_i on fkeys2 (pkey23);
+
+insert into pkeys values (10, '1');
+insert into pkeys values (20, '2');
+insert into pkeys values (30, '3');
+insert into pkeys values (40, '4');
+insert into pkeys values (50, '5');
+insert into pkeys values (60, '6');
+create unique index pkeys_i on pkeys (pkey1, pkey2);
+
+--
+-- For fkeys:
+-- 	(fkey1, fkey2)	--> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
+-- 	(fkey3)		--> fkeys2 (pkey23)
+--
+create trigger check_fkeys_pkey_exist
+	before insert or update on fkeys
+	for each row
+	execute function
+	check_primary_key ('fkey1', 'fkey2', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');
+
+create trigger check_fkeys_pkey2_exist
+	before insert or update on fkeys
+	for each row
+	execute function check_primary_key ('fkey3', 'fkeys2', 'pkey23');
+
+--
+-- For fkeys2:
+-- 	(fkey21, fkey22)	--> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
+--
+create trigger check_fkeys2_pkey_exist
+	before insert or update on fkeys2
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	check_primary_key ('fkey21', 'fkey22', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');
+
+-- Test comments
+COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_bad ON fkeys2 IS 'wrong';
+COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS 'right';
+COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS NULL;
+
+--
+-- For pkeys:
+-- 	ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey1, pkey2) CASCADE:
+-- 		fkeys (fkey1, fkey2) and fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22)
+--
+create trigger check_pkeys_fkey_cascade
+	before delete or update on pkeys
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	check_foreign_key (2, 'cascade', 'pkey1', 'pkey2',
+	'fkeys', 'fkey1', 'fkey2', 'fkeys2', 'fkey21', 'fkey22');
+
+--
+-- For fkeys2:
+-- 	ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey23) RESTRICT:
+-- 		fkeys (fkey3)
+--
+create trigger check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict
+	before delete or update on fkeys2
+	for each row
+	execute procedure check_foreign_key (1, 'restrict', 'pkey23', 'fkeys', 'fkey3');
+
+insert into fkeys2 values (10, '1', 1);
+insert into fkeys2 values (30, '3', 2);
+insert into fkeys2 values (40, '4', 5);
+insert into fkeys2 values (50, '5', 3);
+-- no key in pkeys
+insert into fkeys2 values (70, '5', 3);
+
+insert into fkeys values (10, '1', 2);
+insert into fkeys values (30, '3', 3);
+insert into fkeys values (40, '4', 2);
+insert into fkeys values (50, '5', 2);
+-- no key in pkeys
+insert into fkeys values (70, '5', 1);
+-- no key in fkeys2
+insert into fkeys values (60, '6', 4);
+
+delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 30 and pkey2 = '3';
+delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 40 and pkey2 = '4';
+update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 50 and pkey2 = '5';
+update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 10 and pkey2 = '1';
+
+SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
+       action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
+       action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
+  FROM information_schema.triggers
+  WHERE event_object_table in ('pkeys', 'fkeys', 'fkeys2')
+  ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
+
+DROP TABLE pkeys;
+DROP TABLE fkeys;
+DROP TABLE fkeys2;
+
+-- Check behavior when trigger returns unmodified trigtuple
+create table trigtest (f1 int, f2 text);
+
+create trigger trigger_return_old
+	before insert or delete or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure trigger_return_old();
+
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+-- Also check what happens when such a trigger runs before or after others
+create function f1_times_10() returns trigger as
+$$ begin new.f1 := new.f1 * 10; return new; end $$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger trigger_alpha
+	before insert or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure f1_times_10();
+
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+create trigger trigger_zed
+	before insert or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure f1_times_10();
+
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+drop trigger trigger_alpha on trigtest;
+
+insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
+select * from trigtest;
+delete from trigtest;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+drop table trigtest;
+
+-- Check behavior with an implicit column default, too (bug #16644)
+create table trigtest (
+  a integer,
+  b bool default true not null,
+  c text default 'xyzzy' not null);
+
+create trigger trigger_return_old
+	before insert or delete or update on trigtest
+	for each row execute procedure trigger_return_old();
+
+insert into trigtest values(1);
+select * from trigtest;
+
+alter table trigtest add column d integer default 42 not null;
+
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set a = 2 where a = 1 returning *;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+alter table trigtest drop column b;
+
+select * from trigtest;
+update trigtest set a = 2 where a = 1 returning *;
+select * from trigtest;
+
+drop table trigtest;
+
+create sequence ttdummy_seq increment 10 start 0 minvalue 0;
+
+create table tttest (
+	price_id	int4,
+	price_val	int4,
+	price_on	int4,
+	price_off	int4 default 999999
+);
+
+create trigger ttdummy
+	before delete or update on tttest
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	ttdummy (price_on, price_off);
+
+create trigger ttserial
+	before insert or update on tttest
+	for each row
+	execute procedure
+	autoinc (price_on, ttdummy_seq);
+
+insert into tttest values (1, 1, null);
+insert into tttest values (2, 2, null);
+insert into tttest values (3, 3, 0);
+
+select * from tttest;
+delete from tttest where price_id = 2;
+select * from tttest;
+-- what do we see ?
+
+-- get current prices
+select * from tttest where price_off = 999999;
+
+-- change price for price_id == 3
+update tttest set price_val = 30 where price_id = 3;
+select * from tttest;
+
+-- now we want to change pric_id in ALL tuples
+-- this gets us not what we need
+update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
+select * from tttest;
+
+-- restore data as before last update:
+select set_ttdummy(0);
+delete from tttest where price_id = 5;
+update tttest set price_off = 999999 where price_val = 30;
+select * from tttest;
+
+-- and try change price_id now!
+update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
+select * from tttest;
+-- isn't it what we need ?
+
+select set_ttdummy(1);
+
+-- we want to correct some "date"
+update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
+-- but this doesn't work
+
+-- try in this way
+select set_ttdummy(0);
+update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
+select * from tttest;
+-- isn't it what we need ?
+
+-- get price for price_id == 5 as it was @ "date" 35
+select * from tttest where price_on <= 35 and price_off > 35 and price_id = 5;
+
+drop table tttest;
+drop sequence ttdummy_seq;
+
+--
+-- tests for per-statement triggers
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE log_table (tstamp timestamp default timeofday()::timestamp);
+
+CREATE TABLE main_table (a int unique, b int);
+
+COPY main_table (a,b) FROM stdin;
+5	10
+20	20
+30	10
+50	35
+80	15
+\.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION trigger_func() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS '
+BEGIN
+	RAISE NOTICE ''trigger_func(%) called: action = %, when = %, level = %'', TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
+	RETURN NULL;
+END;';
+
+CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_stmt');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_ins_stmt');
+
+--
+-- if neither 'FOR EACH ROW' nor 'FOR EACH STATEMENT' was specified,
+-- CREATE TRIGGER should default to 'FOR EACH STATEMENT'
+--
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_stmt');
+
+-- Both insert and update statement level triggers (before and after) should
+-- fire.  Doesn't fire UPDATE before trigger, but only because one isn't
+-- defined.
+INSERT INTO main_table (a, b) VALUES (5, 10) ON CONFLICT (a)
+  DO UPDATE SET b = EXCLUDED.b;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_row');
+
+INSERT INTO main_table DEFAULT VALUES;
+
+UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 1 WHERE b < 30;
+-- UPDATE that effects zero rows should still call per-statement trigger
+UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 2 WHERE b > 100;
+
+-- constraint now unneeded
+ALTER TABLE main_table DROP CONSTRAINT main_table_a_key;
+
+-- COPY should fire per-row and per-statement INSERT triggers
+COPY main_table (a, b) FROM stdin;
+30	40
+50	60
+\.
+
+SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;
+
+--
+-- test triggers with WHEN clause
+--
+
+CREATE TRIGGER modified_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER modified_any BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_any');
+CREATE TRIGGER insert_a AFTER INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER delete_a AFTER DELETE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER insert_when BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_when');
+CREATE TRIGGER delete_when AFTER DELETE ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_when');
+SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
+       action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
+       action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
+  FROM information_schema.triggers
+  WHERE event_object_table IN ('main_table')
+  ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
+INSERT INTO main_table (a) VALUES (123), (456);
+COPY main_table FROM stdin;
+123	999
+456	999
+\.
+DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a IN (123, 456);
+UPDATE main_table SET a = 50, b = 60;
+SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, false) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_any';
+
+-- Test RENAME TRIGGER
+ALTER TRIGGER modified_a ON main_table RENAME TO modified_modified_a;
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_modified_a';
+
+DROP TRIGGER modified_modified_a ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER modified_any ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER insert_a ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER delete_a ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER insert_when ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER delete_when ON main_table;
+
+-- Test WHEN condition accessing system columns.
+create table table_with_oids(a int);
+insert into table_with_oids values (1);
+create trigger oid_unchanged_trig after update on table_with_oids
+	for each row
+	when (new.tableoid = old.tableoid AND new.tableoid <> 0)
+	execute procedure trigger_func('after_upd_oid_unchanged');
+update table_with_oids set a = a + 1;
+drop table table_with_oids;
+
+-- Test column-level triggers
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig ON main_table;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_row');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_row');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF a, b ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_a_b_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_stmt');
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_stmt');
+
+SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'after_upd_a_b_row_trig';
+
+UPDATE main_table SET a = 50;
+UPDATE main_table SET b = 10;
+
+--
+-- Test case for bug with BEFORE trigger followed by AFTER trigger with WHEN
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE some_t (some_col boolean NOT NULL);
+CREATE FUNCTION dummy_update_func() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'dummy_update_func(%) called: action = %, old = %, new = %',
+    TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, OLD, NEW;
+  RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_before BEFORE UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('before');
+CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_aftera AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NOT OLD.some_col AND NEW.some_col)
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('aftera');
+CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_afterb AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NOT NEW.some_col)
+  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('afterb');
+INSERT INTO some_t VALUES (TRUE);
+UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
+UPDATE some_t SET some_col = FALSE;
+UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
+DROP TABLE some_t;
+
+-- bogus cases
+CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_and_col BEFORE UPDATE OR UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_and_col');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_a_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a, a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_a_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_a BEFORE INSERT OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_a');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_old');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_del_new');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.tableoid <> 0)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_when_sys_column');
+CREATE TRIGGER error_stmt_when BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
+FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*)
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_stmt_when');
+
+-- check dependency restrictions
+ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
+-- this should succeed, but we'll roll it back to keep the triggers around
+begin;
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig ON main_table;
+DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig ON main_table;
+ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
+rollback;
+
+-- Test enable/disable triggers
+
+create table trigtest (i serial primary key);
+-- test that disabling RI triggers works
+create table trigtest2 (i int references trigtest(i) on delete cascade);
+
+create function trigtest() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+	raise notice '% % % %', TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
+	return new;
+end;$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger trigtest_b_row_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each row execute procedure trigtest();
+create trigger trigtest_a_row_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each row execute procedure trigtest();
+create trigger trigtest_b_stmt_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each statement execute procedure trigtest();
+create trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
+for each statement execute procedure trigtest();
+
+insert into trigtest default values;
+alter table trigtest disable trigger trigtest_b_row_tg;
+insert into trigtest default values;
+alter table trigtest disable trigger user;
+insert into trigtest default values;
+alter table trigtest enable trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg;
+insert into trigtest default values;
+set session_replication_role = replica;
+insert into trigtest default values;  -- does not trigger
+alter table trigtest enable always trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg;
+insert into trigtest default values;  -- now it does
+reset session_replication_role;
+insert into trigtest2 values(1);
+insert into trigtest2 values(2);
+delete from trigtest where i=2;
+select * from trigtest2;
+alter table trigtest disable trigger all;
+delete from trigtest where i=1;
+select * from trigtest2;
+-- ensure we still insert, even when all triggers are disabled
+insert into trigtest default values;
+select *  from trigtest;
+drop table trigtest2;
+drop table trigtest;
+
+
+-- dump trigger data
+CREATE TABLE trigger_test (
+        i int,
+        v varchar
+);
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION trigger_data()  RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+
+declare
+
+	argstr text;
+	relid text;
+
+begin
+
+	relid := TG_relid::regclass;
+
+	-- plpgsql can't discover its trigger data in a hash like perl and python
+	-- can, or by a sort of reflection like tcl can,
+	-- so we have to hard code the names.
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_NAME: %', TG_name;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_WHEN: %', TG_when;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_LEVEL: %', TG_level;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_OP: %', TG_op;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_RELID::regclass: %', relid;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_RELNAME: %', TG_relname;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_NAME: %', TG_table_name;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: %', TG_table_schema;
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_NARGS: %', TG_nargs;
+
+	argstr := '[';
+	for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
+		if i > 0 then
+			argstr := argstr || ', ';
+		end if;
+		argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
+	end loop;
+	argstr := argstr || ']';
+	raise NOTICE 'TG_ARGV: %', argstr;
+
+	if TG_OP != 'INSERT' then
+		raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
+	end if;
+
+	if TG_OP != 'DELETE' then
+		raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
+	end if;
+
+	if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
+		return OLD;
+	else
+		return NEW;
+	end if;
+
+end;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig
+BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON trigger_test
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_data(23,'skidoo');
+
+insert into trigger_test values(1,'insert');
+update trigger_test set v = 'update' where i = 1;
+delete from trigger_test;
+
+DROP TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig on trigger_test;
+
+DROP FUNCTION trigger_data();
+
+DROP TABLE trigger_test;
+
+--
+-- Test use of row comparisons on OLD/NEW
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE trigger_test (f1 int, f2 text, f3 text);
+
+-- this is the obvious (and wrong...) way to compare rows
+CREATE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
+begin
+	if row(old.*) = row(new.*) then
+		raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
+	else
+		raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
+	end if;
+	return new;
+end$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER t
+BEFORE UPDATE ON trigger_test
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE mytrigger();
+
+INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(1, 'foo', 'bar');
+INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(2, 'baz', 'quux');
+
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+-- this demonstrates that the above isn't really working as desired:
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+
+-- the right way when considering nulls is
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
+begin
+	if row(old.*) is distinct from row(new.*) then
+		raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
+	else
+		raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
+	end if;
+	return new;
+end$$;
+
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
+
+DROP TABLE trigger_test;
+
+DROP FUNCTION mytrigger();
+
+-- Test snapshot management in serializable transactions involving triggers
+-- per bug report in 6bc73d4c0910042358k3d1adff3qa36f8df75198ecea@mail.gmail.com
+CREATE FUNCTION serializable_update_trig() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
+$$
+declare
+	rec record;
+begin
+	new.description = 'updated in trigger';
+	return new;
+end;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TABLE serializable_update_tab (
+	id int,
+	filler  text,
+	description text
+);
+
+CREATE TRIGGER serializable_update_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON serializable_update_tab
+	FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE serializable_update_trig();
+
+INSERT INTO serializable_update_tab SELECT a, repeat('xyzxz', 100), 'new'
+	FROM generate_series(1, 50) a;
+
+BEGIN;
+SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+UPDATE serializable_update_tab SET description = 'no no', id = 1 WHERE id = 1;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT description FROM serializable_update_tab WHERE id = 1;
+DROP TABLE serializable_update_tab;
+
+-- minimal update trigger
+
+CREATE TABLE min_updates_test (
+	f1	text,
+	f2 int,
+	f3 int);
+
+INSERT INTO min_updates_test VALUES ('a',1,2),('b','2',null);
+
+CREATE TRIGGER z_min_update
+BEFORE UPDATE ON min_updates_test
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE suppress_redundant_updates_trigger();
+
+\set QUIET false
+
+UPDATE min_updates_test SET f1 = f1;
+
+UPDATE min_updates_test SET f2 = f2 + 1;
+
+UPDATE min_updates_test SET f3 = 2 WHERE f3 is null;
+
+\set QUIET true
+
+SELECT * FROM min_updates_test;
+
+DROP TABLE min_updates_test;
+
+--
+-- Test triggers on views
+--
+
+CREATE VIEW main_view AS SELECT a, b FROM main_table;
+
+-- VIEW trigger function
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION view_trigger() RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+    argstr text := '';
+begin
+    for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
+        if i > 0 then
+            argstr := argstr || ', ';
+        end if;
+        argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
+    end loop;
+
+    raise notice '% % % % (%)', TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, argstr;
+
+    if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
+        if TG_OP = 'INSERT' then
+            raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
+            INSERT INTO main_table VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b);
+            RETURN NEW;
+        end if;
+
+        if TG_OP = 'UPDATE' then
+            raise NOTICE 'OLD: %, NEW: %', OLD, NEW;
+            UPDATE main_table SET a = NEW.a, b = NEW.b WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
+            if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+            RETURN NEW;
+        end if;
+
+        if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
+            raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
+            DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
+            if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+            RETURN OLD;
+        end if;
+    end if;
+
+    RETURN NULL;
+end;
+$$;
+
+-- Before row triggers aren't allowed on views
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');
+
+-- After row triggers aren't allowed on views
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');
+
+-- Truncate triggers aren't allowed on views
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE TRUNCATE ON main_view
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER TRUNCATE ON main_view
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');
+
+-- INSTEAD OF triggers aren't allowed on tables
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_table
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');
+
+-- Don't support WHEN clauses with INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+
+-- Don't support column-level INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE OF a ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+
+-- Don't support statement-level INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+
+-- Valid INSTEAD OF triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');
+
+-- Valid BEFORE statement VIEW triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_ins_stmt');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_upd_stmt');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER before_del_stmt_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_del_stmt');
+
+-- Valid AFTER statement VIEW triggers
+CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_ins_stmt');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_upd_stmt');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER after_del_stmt_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
+FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_del_stmt');
+
+\set QUIET false
+
+-- Insert into view using trigger
+INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (20, 30);
+INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (21, 31) RETURNING a, b;
+
+-- Table trigger will prevent updates
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;
+
+-- Remove table trigger to allow updates
+DROP TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig ON main_table;
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;
+
+-- Before and after stmt triggers should fire even when no rows are affected
+UPDATE main_view SET b = 0 WHERE false;
+
+-- Delete from view using trigger
+DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a IN (20,21);
+DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a = 31 RETURNING a, b;
+
+\set QUIET true
+
+-- Describe view should list triggers
+\d main_view
+
+-- Test dropping view triggers
+DROP TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig ON main_view;
+DROP TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig ON main_view;
+\d+ main_view
+DROP VIEW main_view;
+
+--
+-- Test triggers on a join view
+--
+CREATE TABLE country_table (
+    country_id        serial primary key,
+    country_name    text unique not null,
+    continent        text not null
+);
+
+INSERT INTO country_table (country_name, continent)
+    VALUES ('Japan', 'Asia'),
+           ('UK', 'Europe'),
+           ('USA', 'North America')
+    RETURNING *;
+
+CREATE TABLE city_table (
+    city_id        serial primary key,
+    city_name    text not null,
+    population    bigint,
+    country_id    int references country_table
+);
+
+CREATE VIEW city_view AS
+    SELECT city_id, city_name, population, country_name, continent
+    FROM city_table ci
+    LEFT JOIN country_table co ON co.country_id = ci.country_id;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION city_insert() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+    ctry_id int;
+begin
+    if NEW.country_name IS NOT NULL then
+        SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
+            FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
+        if NOT FOUND then
+            raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
+        end if;
+    else
+        NEW.continent := NULL;
+    end if;
+
+    if NEW.city_id IS NOT NULL then
+        INSERT INTO city_table
+            VALUES(NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id);
+    else
+        INSERT INTO city_table(city_name, population, country_id)
+            VALUES(NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id)
+            RETURNING city_id INTO NEW.city_id;
+    end if;
+
+    RETURN NEW;
+end;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER city_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON city_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_insert();
+
+CREATE FUNCTION city_delete() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+begin
+    DELETE FROM city_table WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
+    if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+    RETURN OLD;
+end;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER city_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON city_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_delete();
+
+CREATE FUNCTION city_update() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+declare
+    ctry_id int;
+begin
+    if NEW.country_name IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.country_name then
+        SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
+            FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
+        if NOT FOUND then
+            raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
+        end if;
+
+        UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
+                              population = NEW.population,
+                              country_id = ctry_id
+            WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
+    else
+        UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
+                              population = NEW.population
+            WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
+        NEW.continent := OLD.continent;
+    end if;
+
+    if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
+    RETURN NEW;
+end;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER city_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON city_view
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_update();
+
+\set QUIET false
+
+-- INSERT .. RETURNING
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_name) VALUES('Tokyo') RETURNING *;
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, population) VALUES('London', 7556900) RETURNING *;
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, country_name) VALUES('Washington DC', 'USA') RETURNING *;
+INSERT INTO city_view(city_id, city_name) VALUES(123456, 'New York') RETURNING *;
+INSERT INTO city_view VALUES(234567, 'Birmingham', 1016800, 'UK', 'EU') RETURNING *;
+
+-- UPDATE .. RETURNING
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japon' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo'; -- error
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Takyo'; -- no match
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *; -- OK
+
+UPDATE city_view SET population = 13010279 WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *;
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK' WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'USA', population = 8391881 WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
+UPDATE city_view SET continent = 'EU' WHERE continent = 'Europe' RETURNING *;
+UPDATE city_view v1 SET country_name = v2.country_name FROM city_view v2
+    WHERE v2.city_name = 'Birmingham' AND v1.city_name = 'London' RETURNING *;
+
+-- DELETE .. RETURNING
+DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_name = 'Birmingham' RETURNING *;
+
+\set QUIET true
+
+-- read-only view with WHERE clause
+CREATE VIEW european_city_view AS
+    SELECT * FROM city_view WHERE continent = 'Europe';
+SELECT count(*) FROM european_city_view;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION no_op_trig_fn() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS 'begin RETURN NULL; end';
+
+CREATE TRIGGER no_op_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
+ON european_city_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE no_op_trig_fn();
+
+\set QUIET false
+
+INSERT INTO european_city_view VALUES (0, 'x', 10000, 'y', 'z');
+UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 10000;
+DELETE FROM european_city_view;
+
+\set QUIET true
+
+-- rules bypassing no-op triggers
+CREATE RULE european_city_insert_rule AS ON INSERT TO european_city_view
+DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO city_view
+VALUES (NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, NEW.country_name, NEW.continent)
+RETURNING *;
+
+CREATE RULE european_city_update_rule AS ON UPDATE TO european_city_view
+DO INSTEAD UPDATE city_view SET
+    city_name = NEW.city_name,
+    population = NEW.population,
+    country_name = NEW.country_name
+WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id
+RETURNING NEW.*;
+
+CREATE RULE european_city_delete_rule AS ON DELETE TO european_city_view
+DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id RETURNING *;
+
+\set QUIET false
+
+-- INSERT not limited by view's WHERE clause, but UPDATE AND DELETE are
+INSERT INTO european_city_view(city_name, country_name)
+    VALUES ('Cambridge', 'USA') RETURNING *;
+UPDATE european_city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
+    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';
+DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';
+
+-- UPDATE and DELETE via rule and trigger
+UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
+    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
+UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 122800
+    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
+DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
+
+-- join UPDATE test
+UPDATE city_view v SET population = 599657
+    FROM city_table ci, country_table co
+    WHERE ci.city_name = 'Washington DC' and co.country_name = 'USA'
+    AND v.city_id = ci.city_id AND v.country_name = co.country_name
+    RETURNING co.country_id, v.country_name,
+              v.city_id, v.city_name, v.population;
+
+\set QUIET true
+
+SELECT * FROM city_view;
+
+DROP TABLE city_table CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE country_table;
+
+
+-- Test pg_trigger_depth()
+
+create table depth_a (id int not null primary key);
+create table depth_b (id int not null primary key);
+create table depth_c (id int not null primary key);
+
+create function depth_a_tf() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  insert into depth_b values (new.id);
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger depth_a_tr before insert on depth_a
+  for each row execute procedure depth_a_tf();
+
+create function depth_b_tf() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  begin
+    execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
+  exception
+    when sqlstate 'U9999' then
+      raise notice 'SQLSTATE = U9999: depth = %', pg_trigger_depth();
+  end;
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  if new.id = 1 then
+    execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger depth_b_tr before insert on depth_b
+  for each row execute procedure depth_b_tf();
+
+create function depth_c_tf() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  if new.id = 1 then
+    raise exception sqlstate 'U9999';
+  end if;
+  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger depth_c_tr before insert on depth_c
+  for each row execute procedure depth_c_tf();
+
+select pg_trigger_depth();
+insert into depth_a values (1);
+select pg_trigger_depth();
+insert into depth_a values (2);
+select pg_trigger_depth();
+
+drop table depth_a, depth_b, depth_c;
+drop function depth_a_tf();
+drop function depth_b_tf();
+drop function depth_c_tf();
+
+--
+-- Test updates to rows during firing of BEFORE ROW triggers.
+-- As of 9.2, such cases should be rejected (see bug #6123).
+--
+
+create temp table parent (
+    aid int not null primary key,
+    val1 text,
+    val2 text,
+    val3 text,
+    val4 text,
+    bcnt int not null default 0);
+create temp table child (
+    bid int not null primary key,
+    aid int not null,
+    val1 text);
+
+create function parent_upd_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if old.val1 <> new.val1 then
+    new.val2 = new.val1;
+    delete from child where child.aid = new.aid and child.val1 = new.val1;
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger parent_upd_trig before update on parent
+  for each row execute procedure parent_upd_func();
+
+create function parent_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  delete from child where aid = old.aid;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger parent_del_trig before delete on parent
+  for each row execute procedure parent_del_func();
+
+create function child_ins_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  update parent set bcnt = bcnt + 1 where aid = new.aid;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger child_ins_trig after insert on child
+  for each row execute procedure child_ins_func();
+
+create function child_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  update parent set bcnt = bcnt - 1 where aid = old.aid;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger child_del_trig after delete on child
+  for each row execute procedure child_del_func();
+
+insert into parent values (1, 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 0);
+insert into child values (10, 1, 'b');
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+
+update parent set val1 = 'b' where aid = 1; -- should fail
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+
+delete from parent where aid = 1; -- should fail
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+
+-- replace the trigger function with one that restarts the deletion after
+-- having modified a child
+create or replace function parent_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  delete from child where aid = old.aid;
+  if found then
+    delete from parent where aid = old.aid;
+    return null; -- cancel outer deletion
+  end if;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+
+delete from parent where aid = 1;
+select * from parent; select * from child;
+
+drop table parent, child;
+
+drop function parent_upd_func();
+drop function parent_del_func();
+drop function child_ins_func();
+drop function child_del_func();
+
+-- similar case, but with a self-referencing FK so that parent and child
+-- rows can be affected by a single operation
+
+create temp table self_ref_trigger (
+    id int primary key,
+    parent int references self_ref_trigger,
+    data text,
+    nchildren int not null default 0
+);
+
+create function self_ref_trigger_ins_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if new.parent is not null then
+    update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren + 1
+      where id = new.parent;
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger self_ref_trigger_ins_trig before insert on self_ref_trigger
+  for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_ins_func();
+
+create function self_ref_trigger_del_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if old.parent is not null then
+    update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren - 1
+      where id = old.parent;
+  end if;
+  return old;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger self_ref_trigger_del_trig before delete on self_ref_trigger
+  for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_del_func();
+
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (1, null, 'root');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (2, 1, 'root child A');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (3, 1, 'root child B');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (4, 2, 'grandchild 1');
+insert into self_ref_trigger values (5, 3, 'grandchild 2');
+
+update self_ref_trigger set data = 'root!' where id = 1;
+
+select * from self_ref_trigger;
+
+delete from self_ref_trigger;
+
+select * from self_ref_trigger;
+
+drop table self_ref_trigger;
+drop function self_ref_trigger_ins_func();
+drop function self_ref_trigger_del_func();
+
+--
+-- Check that statement triggers work correctly even with all children excluded
+--
+
+create table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd (a int);
+create table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1 () inherits (stmt_trig_on_empty_upd);
+create function update_stmt_notice() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+	raise notice 'updating %', TG_TABLE_NAME;
+	return null;
+end;
+$$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger before_stmt_trigger
+	before update on stmt_trig_on_empty_upd
+	execute procedure update_stmt_notice();
+create trigger before_stmt_trigger
+	before update on stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1
+	execute procedure update_stmt_notice();
+
+-- inherited no-op update
+update stmt_trig_on_empty_upd set a = a where false returning a+1 as aa;
+-- simple no-op update
+update stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1 set a = a where false returning a+1 as aa;
+
+drop table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd cascade;
+drop function update_stmt_notice();
+
+--
+-- Check that index creation (or DDL in general) is prohibited in a trigger
+--
+
+create table trigger_ddl_table (
+   col1 integer,
+   col2 integer
+);
+
+create function trigger_ddl_func() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  alter table trigger_ddl_table add primary key (col1);
+  return new;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger trigger_ddl_func before insert on trigger_ddl_table for each row
+  execute procedure trigger_ddl_func();
+
+insert into trigger_ddl_table values (1, 42);  -- fail
+
+create or replace function trigger_ddl_func() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  create index on trigger_ddl_table (col2);
+  return new;
+end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+insert into trigger_ddl_table values (1, 42);  -- fail
+
+drop table trigger_ddl_table;
+drop function trigger_ddl_func();
+
+--
+-- Verify behavior of before and after triggers with INSERT...ON CONFLICT
+-- DO UPDATE
+--
+create table upsert (key int4 primary key, color text);
+
+create function upsert_before_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
+    raise warning 'before update (old): %', old.*::text;
+    raise warning 'before update (new): %', new.*::text;
+  elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
+    raise warning 'before insert (new): %', new.*::text;
+    if new.key % 2 = 0 then
+      new.key := new.key + 1;
+      new.color := new.color || ' trig modified';
+      raise warning 'before insert (new, modified): %', new.*::text;
+    end if;
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger upsert_before_trig before insert or update on upsert
+  for each row execute procedure upsert_before_func();
+
+create function upsert_after_func()
+  returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+begin
+  if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
+    raise warning 'after update (old): %', old.*::text;
+    raise warning 'after update (new): %', new.*::text;
+  elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
+    raise warning 'after insert (new): %', new.*::text;
+  end if;
+  return null;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger upsert_after_trig after insert or update on upsert
+  for each row execute procedure upsert_after_func();
+
+insert into upsert values(1, 'black') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(2, 'red') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(3, 'orange') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(4, 'green') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(5, 'purple') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(6, 'white') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(7, 'pink') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+insert into upsert values(8, 'yellow') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
+
+select * from upsert;
+
+drop table upsert;
+drop function upsert_before_func();
+drop function upsert_after_func();
+
+--
+-- Verify that triggers with transition tables are not allowed on
+-- views
+--
+
+create table my_table (i int);
+create view my_view as select * from my_table;
+create function my_trigger_function() returns trigger as $$ begin end; $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger my_trigger after update on my_view referencing old table as old_table
+   for each statement execute procedure my_trigger_function();
+drop function my_trigger_function();
+drop view my_view;
+drop table my_table;
+
+--
+-- Verify cases that are unsupported with partitioned tables
+--
+create table parted_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create function trigger_nothing() returns trigger
+  language plpgsql as $$ begin end; $$;
+create trigger failed instead of update on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+create trigger failed after update on parted_trig
+  referencing old table as old_table
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+drop table parted_trig;
+
+--
+-- Verify trigger creation for partitioned tables, and drop behavior
+--
+create table trigpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
+create table trigpart1 partition of trigpart for values from (0) to (1000);
+create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+create table trigpart2 partition of trigpart for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table trigpart3 (like trigpart);
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+create table trigpart4 partition of trigpart for values from (3000) to (4000) partition by range (a);
+create table trigpart41 partition of trigpart4 for values from (3000) to (3500);
+create table trigpart42 (like trigpart);
+alter table trigpart4 attach partition trigpart42 for values from (3500) to (4000);
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart1;	-- fail
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart2;	-- fail
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart3;	-- fail
+drop table trigpart2;			-- ok, trigger should be gone in that partition
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart;		-- ok, all gone
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+
+-- check detach behavior
+create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+\d trigpart3
+alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart3;
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart3; -- fail due to "does not exist"
+alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart4;
+drop trigger trg1 on trigpart41; -- fail due to "does not exist"
+drop table trigpart4;
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart3;
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+drop table trigpart3;
+
+select tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname, tgfoid::regproc, tgenabled, tgisinternal from pg_trigger
+  where tgname ~ '^trg1' order by 1;
+create table trigpart3 (like trigpart);
+create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart3 for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
+\d trigpart3
+alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 FOR VALUES FROM (2000) to (3000); -- fail
+drop table trigpart3;
+
+-- check display of unrelated triggers
+create trigger samename after delete on trigpart execute function trigger_nothing();
+create trigger samename after delete on trigpart1 execute function trigger_nothing();
+\d trigpart1
+
+drop table trigpart;
+drop function trigger_nothing();
+
+--
+-- Verify that triggers are fired for partitioned tables
+--
+create table parted_stmt_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_stmt_trig1 partition of parted_stmt_trig for values in (1);
+create table parted_stmt_trig2 partition of parted_stmt_trig for values in (2);
+
+create table parted2_stmt_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted2_stmt_trig1 partition of parted2_stmt_trig for values in (1);
+create table parted2_stmt_trig2 partition of parted2_stmt_trig for values in (2);
+
+create or replace function trigger_notice() returns trigger as $$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for %', TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL;
+    if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
+       return NEW;
+    end if;
+    return null;
+  end;
+  $$ language plpgsql;
+
+-- insert/update/delete statement-level triggers on the parent
+create trigger trig_ins_before before insert on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_ins_after after insert on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_before before update on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after after update on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_before before delete on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after after delete on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+
+-- insert/update/delete row-level triggers on the parent
+create trigger trig_ins_after_parent after insert on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after_parent after update on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after_parent after delete on parted_stmt_trig
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+
+-- insert/update/delete row-level triggers on the first partition
+create trigger trig_ins_before_child before insert on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_ins_after_child after insert on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_before_child before update on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after_child after update on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_before_child before delete on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after_child after delete on parted_stmt_trig1
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+
+-- insert/update/delete statement-level triggers on the parent
+create trigger trig_ins_before_3 before insert on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_ins_after_3 after insert on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_before_3 before update on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_upd_after_3 after update on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_before_3 before delete on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger trig_del_after_3 after delete on parted2_stmt_trig
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
+
+with ins (a) as (
+  insert into parted2_stmt_trig values (1), (2) returning a
+) insert into parted_stmt_trig select a from ins returning tableoid::regclass, a;
+
+with upd as (
+  update parted2_stmt_trig set a = a
+) update parted_stmt_trig  set a = a;
+
+delete from parted_stmt_trig;
+
+-- insert via copy on the parent
+copy parted_stmt_trig(a) from stdin;
+1
+2
+\.
+
+-- insert via copy on the first partition
+copy parted_stmt_trig1(a) from stdin;
+1
+\.
+
+-- Disabling a trigger in the parent table should disable children triggers too
+alter table parted_stmt_trig disable trigger trig_ins_after_parent;
+insert into parted_stmt_trig values (1);
+alter table parted_stmt_trig enable trigger trig_ins_after_parent;
+insert into parted_stmt_trig values (1);
+
+drop table parted_stmt_trig, parted2_stmt_trig;
+
+-- Verify that triggers fire in alphabetical order
+create table parted_trig (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trig_1 partition of parted_trig for values from (0) to (1000)
+   partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trig_1_1 partition of parted_trig_1 for values from (0) to (100);
+create table parted_trig_2 partition of parted_trig for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create trigger zzz after insert on parted_trig for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger mmm after insert on parted_trig_1_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger aaa after insert on parted_trig_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger bbb after insert on parted_trig for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+create trigger qqq after insert on parted_trig_1_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
+insert into parted_trig values (50), (1500);
+drop table parted_trig;
+
+-- Verify propagation of trigger arguments to partitions
+create table parted_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_trig1 partition of parted_trig for values in (1);
+create or replace function trigger_notice() returns trigger as $$
+  declare
+    arg1 text = TG_ARGV[0];
+    arg2 integer = TG_ARGV[1];
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for % args % %',
+		TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, arg1, arg2;
+    return null;
+  end;
+  $$ language plpgsql;
+create trigger aaa after insert on parted_trig
+   for each row execute procedure trigger_notice('quirky', 1);
+
+-- Verify propagation of trigger arguments to partitions attached after creating trigger
+create table parted_trig2 partition of parted_trig for values in (2);
+create table parted_trig3 (like parted_trig);
+alter table parted_trig attach partition parted_trig3 for values in (3);
+insert into parted_trig values (1), (2), (3);
+drop table parted_trig;
+
+-- test irregular partitions (i.e., different column definitions),
+-- including that the WHEN clause works
+create function bark(text) returns bool language plpgsql immutable
+  as $$ begin raise notice '% <- woof!', $1; return true; end; $$;
+create or replace function trigger_notice_ab() returns trigger as $$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for %: (a,b)=(%,%)',
+		TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL,
+		NEW.a, NEW.b;
+    if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
+       return NEW;
+    end if;
+    return null;
+  end;
+  $$ language plpgsql;
+create table parted_irreg_ancestor (fd text, b text, fd2 int, fd3 int, a int)
+  partition by range (b);
+alter table parted_irreg_ancestor drop column fd,
+  drop column fd2, drop column fd3;
+create table parted_irreg (fd int, a int, fd2 int, b text)
+  partition by range (b);
+alter table parted_irreg drop column fd, drop column fd2;
+alter table parted_irreg_ancestor attach partition parted_irreg
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('zzzz');
+create table parted1_irreg (b text, fd int, a int);
+alter table parted1_irreg drop column fd;
+alter table parted_irreg attach partition parted1_irreg
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('bbbb');
+create trigger parted_trig after insert on parted_irreg
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create trigger parted_trig_odd after insert on parted_irreg for each row
+  when (bark(new.b) AND new.a % 2 = 1) execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+-- we should hear barking for every insert, but parted_trig_odd only emits
+-- noise for odd values of a. parted_trig does it for all inserts.
+insert into parted_irreg values (1, 'aardvark'), (2, 'aanimals');
+insert into parted1_irreg values ('aardwolf', 2);
+insert into parted_irreg_ancestor values ('aasvogel', 3);
+drop table parted_irreg_ancestor;
+
+-- Before triggers and partitions
+create table parted (a int, b int, c text) partition by list (a);
+create table parted_1 partition of parted for values in (1)
+  partition by list (b);
+create table parted_1_1 partition of parted_1 for values in (1);
+create function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.a = new.a + 1;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v1');    -- works
+create trigger t before insert or update or delete on parted
+  for each row execute function parted_trigfunc();
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v2');    -- fail
+update parted set c = c || 'v3';                   -- fail
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.b = new.b + 1;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v4');    -- fail
+update parted set c = c || 'v5';                   -- fail
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.c = new.c || ' did '|| TG_OP;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno');       -- works
+update parted set c = c || ' v6';                   -- works
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+
+-- update itself moves tuple to new partition; trigger still works
+truncate table parted;
+create table parted_2 partition of parted for values in (2);
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v5');
+update parted set a = 2;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+
+-- both trigger and update change the partition
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc2() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.a = new.a + 1;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create trigger t2 before update on parted
+  for each row execute function parted_trigfunc2();
+truncate table parted;
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v6');
+create table parted_3 partition of parted for values in (3);
+update parted set a = a + 1;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+-- there's no partition for a=0, but this update works anyway because
+-- the trigger causes the tuple to be routed to another partition
+update parted set a = 0;
+select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
+
+drop table parted;
+create table parted (a int, b int, c text) partition by list ((a + b));
+create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+begin
+  new.a = new.a + new.b;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+create table parted_1 partition of parted for values in (1, 2);
+create table parted_2 partition of parted for values in (3, 4);
+create trigger t before insert or update on parted
+  for each row execute function parted_trigfunc();
+insert into parted values (0, 1, 'zero win');
+insert into parted values (1, 1, 'one fail');
+insert into parted values (1, 2, 'two fail');
+select * from parted;
+drop table parted;
+drop function parted_trigfunc();
+
+--
+-- Constraint triggers and partitioned tables
+create table parted_constr_ancestor (a int, b text)
+  partition by range (b);
+create table parted_constr (a int, b text)
+  partition by range (b);
+alter table parted_constr_ancestor attach partition parted_constr
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('zzzz');
+create table parted1_constr (a int, b text);
+alter table parted_constr attach partition parted1_constr
+  for values from ('aaaa') to ('bbbb');
+create constraint trigger parted_trig after insert on parted_constr_ancestor
+  deferrable
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create constraint trigger parted_trig_two after insert on parted_constr
+  deferrable initially deferred
+  for each row when (bark(new.b) AND new.a % 2 = 1)
+  execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+
+-- The immediate constraint is fired immediately; the WHEN clause of the
+-- deferred constraint is also called immediately.  The deferred constraint
+-- is fired at commit time.
+begin;
+insert into parted_constr values (1, 'aardvark');
+insert into parted1_constr values (2, 'aardwolf');
+insert into parted_constr_ancestor values (3, 'aasvogel');
+commit;
+
+-- The WHEN clause is immediate, and both constraint triggers are fired at
+-- commit time.
+begin;
+set constraints parted_trig deferred;
+insert into parted_constr values (1, 'aardvark');
+insert into parted1_constr values (2, 'aardwolf'), (3, 'aasvogel');
+commit;
+drop table parted_constr_ancestor;
+drop function bark(text);
+
+-- Test that the WHEN clause is set properly to partitions
+create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
+alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create trigger parted_trigger after update on parted_trigger
+  for each row when (new.a % 2 = 1 and length(old.b) >= 2) execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
+create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (3);
+create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (3) to (5);
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+insert into parted_trigger values
+    (0, 'a'), (1, 'bbb'), (2, 'bcd'), (3, 'c'),
+	(1000, 'c'), (1001, 'ddd'), (1002, 'efg'), (1003, 'f'),
+	(2000, 'e'), (2001, 'fff'), (2002, 'ghi'), (2003, 'h');
+update parted_trigger set a = a + 2; -- notice for odd 'a' values, long 'b' values
+drop table parted_trigger;
+
+-- try a constraint trigger, also
+create table parted_referenced (a int);
+create table unparted_trigger (a int, b text);	-- for comparison purposes
+create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
+alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create constraint trigger parted_trigger after update on parted_trigger
+  from parted_referenced
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create constraint trigger parted_trigger after update on unparted_trigger
+  from parted_referenced
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
+create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (3);
+create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (3) to (5);
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+select tgname, conname, t.tgrelid::regclass, t.tgconstrrelid::regclass,
+  c.conrelid::regclass, c.confrelid::regclass
+  from pg_trigger t join pg_constraint c on (t.tgconstraint = c.oid)
+  where tgname = 'parted_trigger'
+  order by t.tgrelid::regclass::text;
+drop table parted_referenced, parted_trigger, unparted_trigger;
+
+-- verify that the "AFTER UPDATE OF columns" event is propagated correctly
+create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
+create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
+alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create trigger parted_trigger after update of b on parted_trigger
+  for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
+create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
+create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (4);
+create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (4) to (8);
+alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
+insert into parted_trigger values (0, 'a'), (1000, 'c'), (2000, 'e'), (2001, 'eeee');
+update parted_trigger set a = a + 2;	-- no notices here
+update parted_trigger set b = b || 'b';	-- all triggers should fire
+drop table parted_trigger;
+
+drop function trigger_notice_ab();
+
+-- Make sure we don't end up with unnecessary copies of triggers, when
+-- cloning them.
+create table trg_clone (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table trg_clone1 partition of trg_clone for values from (0) to (1000);
+alter table trg_clone add constraint uniq unique (a) deferrable;
+create table trg_clone2 partition of trg_clone for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table trg_clone3 partition of trg_clone for values from (2000) to (3000)
+  partition by range (a);
+create table trg_clone_3_3 partition of trg_clone3 for values from (2000) to (2100);
+select tgrelid::regclass, count(*) from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid::regclass in ('trg_clone', 'trg_clone1', 'trg_clone2',
+	'trg_clone3', 'trg_clone_3_3')
+  group by tgrelid::regclass order by tgrelid::regclass;
+drop table trg_clone;
+
+-- Test the interaction between ALTER TABLE .. DISABLE TRIGGER and
+-- both kinds of inheritance.  Historically, legacy inheritance has
+-- not recursed to children, so that behavior is preserved.
+create table parent (a int);
+create table child1 () inherits (parent);
+create function trig_nothing() returns trigger language plpgsql
+  as $$ begin return null; end $$;
+create trigger tg after insert on parent
+  for each row execute function trig_nothing();
+create trigger tg after insert on child1
+  for each row execute function trig_nothing();
+alter table parent disable trigger tg;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+alter table only parent enable always trigger tg;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
+drop table parent, child1;
+
+create table parent (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table child1 partition of parent for values in (1);
+create trigger tg after insert on parent
+  for each row execute procedure trig_nothing();
+create trigger tg_stmt after insert on parent
+  for statement execute procedure trig_nothing();
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
+alter table only parent enable always trigger tg;	-- no recursion because ONLY
+alter table parent enable always trigger tg_stmt;	-- no recursion because statement trigger
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
+-- The following is a no-op for the parent trigger but not so
+-- for the child trigger, so recursion should be applied.
+alter table parent enable always trigger tg;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
+-- This variant malfunctioned in some releases.
+alter table parent disable trigger user;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
+  where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
+drop table parent, child1;
+
+-- Check processing of foreign key triggers
+create table parent (a int primary key, f int references parent)
+  partition by list (a);
+create table child1 partition of parent for values in (1);
+select tgrelid::regclass, rtrim(tgname, '0123456789') as tgname,
+  tgfoid::regproc, tgenabled
+  from pg_trigger where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgfoid;
+alter table parent disable trigger all;
+select tgrelid::regclass, rtrim(tgname, '0123456789') as tgname,
+  tgfoid::regproc, tgenabled
+  from pg_trigger where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
+  order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgfoid;
+drop table parent, child1;
+
+-- Verify that firing state propagates correctly on creation, too
+CREATE TABLE trgfire (i int) PARTITION BY RANGE (i);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire1 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION tgf() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql
+  AS $$ begin raise exception 'except'; end $$;
+CREATE TRIGGER tg AFTER INSERT ON trgfire FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION tgf();
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
+ALTER TABLE trgfire DISABLE TRIGGER tg;
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire2 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (11);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire3 (LIKE trgfire);
+ALTER TABLE trgfire ATTACH PARTITION trgfire3 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (21);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire4 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (40) PARTITION BY LIST (i);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire4_30 PARTITION OF trgfire4 FOR VALUES IN (30);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (30);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire5 (LIKE trgfire) PARTITION BY LIST (i);
+CREATE TABLE trgfire5_40 PARTITION OF trgfire5 FOR VALUES IN (40);
+ALTER TABLE trgfire ATTACH PARTITION trgfire5 FOR VALUES FROM (40) TO (50);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (40);
+SELECT tgrelid::regclass, tgenabled FROM pg_trigger
+  WHERE tgrelid::regclass IN (SELECT oid from pg_class where relname LIKE 'trgfire%')
+  ORDER BY tgrelid::regclass::text;
+ALTER TABLE trgfire ENABLE TRIGGER tg;
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (11);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (21);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (30);
+INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (40);
+DROP TABLE trgfire;
+DROP FUNCTION tgf();
+
+--
+-- Test the interaction between transition tables and both kinds of
+-- inheritance.  We'll dump the contents of the transition tables in a
+-- format that shows the attribute order, so that we can distinguish
+-- tuple formats (though not dropped attributes).
+--
+
+create or replace function dump_insert() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, new table = %',
+                 TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by a) from new_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+
+create or replace function dump_update() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %, new table = %',
+                 TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by a) from old_table),
+                 (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by a) from new_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+
+create or replace function dump_delete() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %',
+                 TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by a) from old_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+
+--
+-- Verify behavior of statement triggers on partition hierarchy with
+-- transition tables.  Tuples should appear to each trigger in the
+-- format of the relation the trigger is attached to.
+--
+
+-- set up a partition hierarchy with some different TupleDescriptors
+create table parent (a text, b int) partition by list (a);
+
+-- a child matching parent
+create table child1 partition of parent for values in ('AAA');
+
+-- a child with a dropped column
+create table child2 (x int, a text, b int);
+alter table child2 drop column x;
+alter table parent attach partition child2 for values in ('BBB');
+
+-- a child with a different column order
+create table child3 (b int, a text);
+alter table parent attach partition child3 for values in ('CCC');
+
+create trigger parent_insert_trig
+  after insert on parent referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger parent_update_trig
+  after update on parent referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger parent_delete_trig
+  after delete on parent referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child1_insert_trig
+  after insert on child1 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child1_update_trig
+  after update on child1 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child1_delete_trig
+  after delete on child1 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child2_insert_trig
+  after insert on child2 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child2_update_trig
+  after update on child2 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child2_delete_trig
+  after delete on child2 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child3_insert_trig
+  after insert on child3 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child3_update_trig
+  after update on child3 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child3_delete_trig
+  after delete on child3 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
+       action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
+       action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
+  FROM information_schema.triggers
+  WHERE event_object_table IN ('parent', 'child1', 'child2', 'child3')
+  ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
+
+-- insert directly into children sees respective child-format tuples
+insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
+insert into child2 values ('BBB', 42);
+insert into child3 values (42, 'CCC');
+
+-- update via parent sees parent-format tuples
+update parent set b = b + 1;
+
+-- delete via parent sees parent-format tuples
+delete from parent;
+
+-- insert into parent sees parent-format tuples
+insert into parent values ('AAA', 42);
+insert into parent values ('BBB', 42);
+insert into parent values ('CCC', 42);
+
+-- delete from children sees respective child-format tuples
+delete from child1;
+delete from child2;
+delete from child3;
+
+-- copy into parent sees parent-format tuples
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+AAA	42
+BBB	42
+CCC	42
+\.
+
+-- DML affecting parent sees tuples collected from children even if
+-- there is no transition table trigger on the children
+drop trigger child1_insert_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_update_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_delete_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child2_insert_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_update_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_delete_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child3_insert_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_update_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_delete_trig on child3;
+delete from parent;
+
+-- copy into parent sees tuples collected from children even if there
+-- is no transition-table trigger on the children
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+AAA	42
+BBB	42
+CCC	42
+\.
+
+-- insert into parent with a before trigger on a child tuple before
+-- insertion, and we capture the newly modified row in parent format
+create or replace function intercept_insert() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    new.b = new.b + 1000;
+    return new;
+  end;
+$$;
+
+create trigger intercept_insert_child3
+  before insert on child3
+  for each row execute procedure intercept_insert();
+
+
+-- insert, parent trigger sees post-modification parent-format tuple
+insert into parent values ('AAA', 42), ('BBB', 42), ('CCC', 66);
+
+-- copy, parent trigger sees post-modification parent-format tuple
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+AAA	42
+BBB	42
+CCC	234
+\.
+
+drop table child1, child2, child3, parent;
+drop function intercept_insert();
+
+--
+-- Verify prohibition of row triggers with transition triggers on
+-- partitions
+--
+create table parent (a text, b int) partition by list (a);
+create table child partition of parent for values in ('AAA');
+
+-- adding row trigger with transition table fails
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+-- detaching it first works
+alter table parent detach partition child;
+
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+-- but now we're not allowed to reattach it
+alter table parent attach partition child for values in ('AAA');
+
+-- drop the trigger, and now we're allowed to attach it again
+drop trigger child_row_trig on child;
+alter table parent attach partition child for values in ('AAA');
+
+drop table child, parent;
+
+--
+-- Verify behavior of statement triggers on (non-partition)
+-- inheritance hierarchy with transition tables; similar to the
+-- partition case, except there is no rerouting on insertion and child
+-- tables can have extra columns
+--
+
+-- set up inheritance hierarchy with different TupleDescriptors
+create table parent (a text, b int);
+
+-- a child matching parent
+create table child1 () inherits (parent);
+
+-- a child with a different column order
+create table child2 (b int, a text);
+alter table child2 inherit parent;
+
+-- a child with an extra column
+create table child3 (c text) inherits (parent);
+
+create trigger parent_insert_trig
+  after insert on parent referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger parent_update_trig
+  after update on parent referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger parent_delete_trig
+  after delete on parent referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child1_insert_trig
+  after insert on child1 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child1_update_trig
+  after update on child1 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child1_delete_trig
+  after delete on child1 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child2_insert_trig
+  after insert on child2 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child2_update_trig
+  after update on child2 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child2_delete_trig
+  after delete on child2 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create trigger child3_insert_trig
+  after insert on child3 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger child3_update_trig
+  after update on child3 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger child3_delete_trig
+  after delete on child3 referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+-- insert directly into children sees respective child-format tuples
+insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
+insert into child2 values (42, 'BBB');
+insert into child3 values ('CCC', 42, 'foo');
+
+-- update via parent sees parent-format tuples
+update parent set b = b + 1;
+
+-- delete via parent sees parent-format tuples
+delete from parent;
+
+-- reinsert values into children for next test...
+insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
+insert into child2 values (42, 'BBB');
+insert into child3 values ('CCC', 42, 'foo');
+
+-- delete from children sees respective child-format tuples
+delete from child1;
+delete from child2;
+delete from child3;
+
+-- copy into parent sees parent-format tuples (no rerouting, so these
+-- are really inserted into the parent)
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+AAA	42
+BBB	42
+CCC	42
+\.
+
+-- same behavior for copy if there is an index (interesting because rows are
+-- captured by a different code path in copyfrom.c if there are indexes)
+create index on parent(b);
+copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
+DDD	42
+\.
+
+-- DML affecting parent sees tuples collected from children even if
+-- there is no transition table trigger on the children
+drop trigger child1_insert_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_update_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child1_delete_trig on child1;
+drop trigger child2_insert_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_update_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child2_delete_trig on child2;
+drop trigger child3_insert_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_update_trig on child3;
+drop trigger child3_delete_trig on child3;
+delete from parent;
+
+drop table child1, child2, child3, parent;
+
+--
+-- Verify prohibition of row triggers with transition triggers on
+-- inheritance children
+--
+create table parent (a text, b int);
+create table child () inherits (parent);
+
+-- adding row trigger with transition table fails
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+-- disinheriting it first works
+alter table child no inherit parent;
+
+create trigger child_row_trig
+  after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+-- but now we're not allowed to make it inherit anymore
+alter table child inherit parent;
+
+-- drop the trigger, and now we're allowed to make it inherit again
+drop trigger child_row_trig on child;
+alter table child inherit parent;
+
+drop table child, parent;
+
+--
+-- Verify behavior of queries with wCTEs, where multiple transition
+-- tuplestores can be active at the same time because there are
+-- multiple DML statements that might fire triggers with transition
+-- tables
+--
+create table table1 (a int);
+create table table2 (a text);
+create trigger table1_trig
+  after insert on table1 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger table2_trig
+  after insert on table2 referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+with wcte as (insert into table1 values (42))
+  insert into table2 values ('hello world');
+
+with wcte as (insert into table1 values (43))
+  insert into table1 values (44);
+
+select * from table1;
+select * from table2;
+
+drop table table1;
+drop table table2;
+
+--
+-- Verify behavior of INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE ... with
+-- transition tables.
+--
+
+create table my_table (a int primary key, b text);
+create trigger my_table_insert_trig
+  after insert on my_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger my_table_update_trig
+  after update on my_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+
+-- inserts only
+insert into my_table values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+-- mixture of inserts and updates
+insert into my_table values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB'), (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+-- updates only
+insert into my_table values (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+--
+-- now using a partitioned table
+--
+
+create table iocdu_tt_parted (a int primary key, b text) partition by list (a);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted1 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (1);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted2 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (2);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted3 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (3);
+create table iocdu_tt_parted4 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (4);
+create trigger iocdu_tt_parted_insert_trig
+  after insert on iocdu_tt_parted referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger iocdu_tt_parted_update_trig
+  after update on iocdu_tt_parted referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+
+-- inserts only
+insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+-- mixture of inserts and updates
+insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB'), (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+-- updates only
+insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
+  on conflict (a) do
+  update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
+
+drop table iocdu_tt_parted;
+
+--
+-- Verify that you can't create a trigger with transition tables for
+-- more than one event.
+--
+
+create trigger my_table_multievent_trig
+  after insert or update on my_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+--
+-- Verify that you can't create a trigger with transition tables with
+-- a column list.
+--
+
+create trigger my_table_col_update_trig
+  after update of b on my_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+
+drop table my_table;
+
+--
+-- Test firing of triggers with transition tables by foreign key cascades
+--
+
+create table refd_table (a int primary key, b text);
+create table trig_table (a int, b text,
+  foreign key (a) references refd_table on update cascade on delete cascade
+);
+
+create trigger trig_table_before_trig
+  before insert or update or delete on trig_table
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_func('trig_table');
+create trigger trig_table_insert_trig
+  after insert on trig_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger trig_table_update_trig
+  after update on trig_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger trig_table_delete_trig
+  after delete on trig_table referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+insert into refd_table values
+  (1, 'one'),
+  (2, 'two'),
+  (3, 'three');
+insert into trig_table values
+  (1, 'one a'),
+  (1, 'one b'),
+  (2, 'two a'),
+  (2, 'two b'),
+  (3, 'three a'),
+  (3, 'three b');
+
+update refd_table set a = 11 where b = 'one';
+
+select * from trig_table;
+
+delete from refd_table where length(b) = 3;
+
+select * from trig_table;
+
+drop table refd_table, trig_table;
+
+--
+-- self-referential FKs are even more fun
+--
+
+create table self_ref (a int primary key,
+                       b int references self_ref(a) on delete cascade);
+
+create trigger self_ref_before_trig
+  before delete on self_ref
+  for each statement execute procedure trigger_func('self_ref');
+create trigger self_ref_r_trig
+  after delete on self_ref referencing old table as old_table
+  for each row execute procedure dump_delete();
+create trigger self_ref_s_trig
+  after delete on self_ref referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+insert into self_ref values (1, null), (2, 1), (3, 2);
+
+delete from self_ref where a = 1;
+
+-- without AR trigger, cascaded deletes all end up in one transition table
+drop trigger self_ref_r_trig on self_ref;
+
+insert into self_ref values (1, null), (2, 1), (3, 2), (4, 3);
+
+delete from self_ref where a = 1;
+
+drop table self_ref;
+
+--
+-- test transition tables with MERGE
+--
+create table merge_target_table (a int primary key, b text);
+create trigger merge_target_table_insert_trig
+  after insert on merge_target_table referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger merge_target_table_update_trig
+  after update on merge_target_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
+create trigger merge_target_table_delete_trig
+  after delete on merge_target_table referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+
+create table merge_source_table (a int, b text);
+insert into merge_source_table
+  values (1, 'initial1'), (2, 'initial2'),
+		 (3, 'initial3'), (4, 'initial4');
+
+merge into merge_target_table t
+using merge_source_table s
+on t.a = s.a
+when not matched then
+  insert values (a, b);
+
+merge into merge_target_table t
+using merge_source_table s
+on t.a = s.a
+when matched and s.a <= 2 then
+	update set b = t.b || ' updated by merge'
+when matched and s.a > 2 then
+	delete
+when not matched then
+  insert values (a, b);
+
+merge into merge_target_table t
+using merge_source_table s
+on t.a = s.a
+when matched and s.a <= 2 then
+	update set b = t.b || ' updated again by merge'
+when matched and s.a > 2 then
+	delete
+when not matched then
+  insert values (a, b);
+
+drop table merge_source_table, merge_target_table;
+
+-- cleanup
+drop function dump_insert();
+drop function dump_update();
+drop function dump_delete();
+
+--
+-- Tests for CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER
+--
+create table my_table (id integer);
+
+create function funcA() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'hello from funcA';
+  return null;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+
+create function funcB() returns trigger as $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'hello from funcB';
+  return null;
+end; $$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger my_trig
+  after insert on my_table
+  for each row execute procedure funcA();
+
+create trigger my_trig
+  before insert on my_table
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();  -- should fail
+
+insert into my_table values (1);
+
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  before insert on my_table
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();  -- OK
+
+insert into my_table values (2);  -- this insert should become a no-op
+
+table my_table;
+
+drop table my_table;
+
+-- test CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER on partition table
+create table parted_trig (a int) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trig_1 partition of parted_trig
+       for values from (0) to (1000) partition by range (a);
+create table parted_trig_1_1 partition of parted_trig_1 for values from (0) to (100);
+create table parted_trig_2 partition of parted_trig for values from (1000) to (2000);
+create table default_parted_trig partition of parted_trig default;
+
+-- test that trigger can be replaced by another one
+-- at the same level of partition table
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure funcA();
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+
+-- test that child trigger cannot be replaced directly
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure funcA();
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig_1
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();  -- should fail
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+drop trigger my_trig on parted_trig;
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+
+-- test that user trigger can be overwritten by one defined at upper level
+create trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig_1
+  for each row execute procedure funcA();
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+create trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();  -- should fail
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+create or replace trigger my_trig
+  after insert on parted_trig
+  for each row execute procedure funcB();
+insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table parted_trig;
+drop function funcA();
+drop function funcB();
+
+-- Leave around some objects for other tests
+create table trigger_parted (a int primary key) partition by list (a);
+create function trigger_parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+  $$ begin end; $$;
+create trigger aft_row after insert or update on trigger_parted
+  for each row execute function trigger_parted_trigfunc();
+create table trigger_parted_p1 partition of trigger_parted for values in (1)
+  partition by list (a);
+create table trigger_parted_p1_1 partition of trigger_parted_p1 for values in (1);
+create table trigger_parted_p2 partition of trigger_parted for values in (2)
+  partition by list (a);
+create table trigger_parted_p2_2 partition of trigger_parted_p2 for values in (2);
+alter table only trigger_parted_p2 disable trigger aft_row;
+alter table trigger_parted_p2_2 enable always trigger aft_row;
+
+-- verify transition table conversion slot's lifetime
+-- https://postgr.es/m/39a71864-b120-5a5c-8cc5-c632b6f16761@amazon.com
+create table convslot_test_parent (col1 text primary key);
+create table convslot_test_child (col1 text primary key,
+	foreign key (col1) references convslot_test_parent(col1) on delete cascade on update cascade
+);
+
+alter table convslot_test_child add column col2 text not null default 'tutu';
+insert into convslot_test_parent(col1) values ('1');
+insert into convslot_test_child(col1) values ('1');
+insert into convslot_test_parent(col1) values ('3');
+insert into convslot_test_child(col1) values ('3');
+
+create function convslot_trig1()
+returns trigger
+language plpgsql
+AS $$
+begin
+raise notice 'trigger = %, old_table = %',
+          TG_NAME,
+          (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from old_table);
+return null;
+end; $$;
+
+create function convslot_trig2()
+returns trigger
+language plpgsql
+AS $$
+begin
+raise notice 'trigger = %, new table = %',
+          TG_NAME,
+          (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from new_table);
+return null;
+end; $$;
+
+create trigger but_trigger after update on convslot_test_child
+referencing new table as new_table
+for each statement execute function convslot_trig2();
+
+update convslot_test_parent set col1 = col1 || '1';
+
+create function convslot_trig3()
+returns trigger
+language plpgsql
+AS $$
+begin
+raise notice 'trigger = %, old_table = %, new table = %',
+          TG_NAME,
+          (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from old_table),
+          (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from new_table);
+return null;
+end; $$;
+
+create trigger but_trigger2 after update on convslot_test_child
+referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
+for each statement execute function convslot_trig3();
+update convslot_test_parent set col1 = col1 || '1';
+
+create trigger bdt_trigger after delete on convslot_test_child
+referencing old table as old_table
+for each statement execute function convslot_trig1();
+delete from convslot_test_parent;
+
+drop table convslot_test_child, convslot_test_parent;
+drop function convslot_trig1();
+drop function convslot_trig2();
+drop function convslot_trig3();
+
+-- Bug #17607: variant of above in which trigger function raises an error;
+-- we don't see any ill effects unless trigger tuple requires mapping
+
+create table convslot_test_parent (id int primary key, val int)
+partition by range (id);
+
+create table convslot_test_part (val int, id int not null);
+
+alter table convslot_test_parent
+  attach partition convslot_test_part for values from (1) to (1000);
+
+create function convslot_trig4() returns trigger as
+$$begin raise exception 'BOOM!'; end$$ language plpgsql;
+
+create trigger convslot_test_parent_update
+    after update on convslot_test_parent
+    referencing old table as old_rows new table as new_rows
+    for each statement execute procedure convslot_trig4();
+
+insert into convslot_test_parent (id, val) values (1, 2);
+
+begin;
+savepoint svp;
+update convslot_test_parent set val = 3;  -- error expected
+rollback to savepoint svp;
+rollback;
+
+drop table convslot_test_parent;
+drop function convslot_trig4();
+
+-- Test trigger renaming on partitioned tables
+create table grandparent (id int, primary key (id)) partition by range (id);
+create table middle partition of grandparent for values from (1) to (10)
+partition by range (id);
+create table chi partition of middle for values from (1) to (5);
+create table cho partition of middle for values from (6) to (10);
+create function f () returns trigger as
+$$ begin return new; end; $$
+language plpgsql;
+create trigger a after insert on grandparent
+for each row execute procedure f();
+
+alter trigger a on grandparent rename to b;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname,
+(select tgname from pg_trigger tr where tr.oid = pg_trigger.tgparentid) parent_tgname
+from pg_trigger where tgrelid in (select relid from pg_partition_tree('grandparent'))
+order by tgname, tgrelid::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
+alter trigger a on only grandparent rename to b;	-- ONLY not supported
+alter trigger b on middle rename to c;	-- can't rename trigger on partition
+create trigger c after insert on middle
+for each row execute procedure f();
+alter trigger b on grandparent rename to c;
+
+-- Rename cascading does not affect statement triggers
+create trigger p after insert on grandparent for each statement execute function f();
+create trigger p after insert on middle for each statement execute function f();
+alter trigger p on grandparent rename to q;
+select tgrelid::regclass, tgname,
+(select tgname from pg_trigger tr where tr.oid = pg_trigger.tgparentid) parent_tgname
+from pg_trigger where tgrelid in (select relid from pg_partition_tree('grandparent'))
+order by tgname, tgrelid::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
+
+drop table grandparent;
+
+-- Trigger renaming does not recurse on legacy inheritance
+create table parent (a int);
+create table child () inherits (parent);
+create trigger parenttrig after insert on parent
+for each row execute procedure f();
+create trigger parenttrig after insert on child
+for each row execute procedure f();
+alter trigger parenttrig on parent rename to anothertrig;
+\d+ child
+
+drop table parent, child;
+drop function f();
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/truncate.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/truncate.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54f26e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/truncate.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+-- Test basic TRUNCATE functionality.
+CREATE TABLE truncate_a (col1 integer primary key);
+INSERT INTO truncate_a VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO truncate_a VALUES (2);
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+-- Roll truncate back
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE truncate_a;
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+-- Commit the truncate this time
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE truncate_a;
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+
+-- Test foreign-key checks
+CREATE TABLE trunc_b (a int REFERENCES truncate_a);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_c (a serial PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_d (a int REFERENCES trunc_c);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_e (a int REFERENCES truncate_a, b int REFERENCES trunc_c);
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a;		-- fail
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a,trunc_b;		-- fail
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a,trunc_b,trunc_e;	-- ok
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a,trunc_e;		-- fail
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c;		-- fail
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,trunc_d;		-- fail
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,trunc_d,trunc_e;	-- ok
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,trunc_d,trunc_e,truncate_a;	-- fail
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,trunc_d,trunc_e,truncate_a,trunc_b;	-- ok
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a RESTRICT; -- fail
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncate_a CASCADE;  -- ok
+
+-- circular references
+ALTER TABLE truncate_a ADD FOREIGN KEY (col1) REFERENCES trunc_c;
+
+-- Add some data to verify that truncating actually works ...
+INSERT INTO trunc_c VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO truncate_a VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_b VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_d VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_e VALUES (1,1);
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c;
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,truncate_a;
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,truncate_a,trunc_d;
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,truncate_a,trunc_d,trunc_e;
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c,truncate_a,trunc_d,trunc_e,trunc_b;
+
+-- Verify that truncating did actually work
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_c
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_b
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_d;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_e;
+
+-- Add data again to test TRUNCATE ... CASCADE
+INSERT INTO trunc_c VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO truncate_a VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_b VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_d VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_e VALUES (1,1);
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_c CASCADE;  -- ok
+
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_c
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_b
+   UNION ALL
+ SELECT * FROM trunc_d;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_e;
+
+DROP TABLE truncate_a,trunc_c,trunc_b,trunc_d,trunc_e CASCADE;
+
+-- Test TRUNCATE with inheritance
+
+CREATE TABLE trunc_f (col1 integer primary key);
+INSERT INTO trunc_f VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO trunc_f VALUES (2);
+
+CREATE TABLE trunc_fa (col2a text) INHERITS (trunc_f);
+INSERT INTO trunc_fa VALUES (3, 'three');
+
+CREATE TABLE trunc_fb (col2b int) INHERITS (trunc_f);
+INSERT INTO trunc_fb VALUES (4, 444);
+
+CREATE TABLE trunc_faa (col3 text) INHERITS (trunc_fa);
+INSERT INTO trunc_faa VALUES (5, 'five', 'FIVE');
+
+BEGIN;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+TRUNCATE trunc_f;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+TRUNCATE ONLY trunc_f;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_fa;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_faa;
+TRUNCATE ONLY trunc_fb, ONLY trunc_fa;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_fa;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_faa;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_fa;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_faa;
+TRUNCATE ONLY trunc_fb, trunc_fa;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_f;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_fa;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_faa;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+DROP TABLE trunc_f CASCADE;
+
+-- Test ON TRUNCATE triggers
+
+CREATE TABLE trunc_trigger_test (f1 int, f2 text, f3 text);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_trigger_log (tgop text, tglevel text, tgwhen text,
+        tgargv text, tgtable name, rowcount bigint);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION trunctrigger() RETURNS trigger as $$
+declare c bigint;
+begin
+    execute 'select count(*) from ' || quote_ident(tg_table_name) into c;
+    insert into trunc_trigger_log values
+      (TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, TG_WHEN, TG_ARGV[0], tg_table_name, c);
+    return null;
+end;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- basic before trigger
+INSERT INTO trunc_trigger_test VALUES(1, 'foo', 'bar'), (2, 'baz', 'quux');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER t
+BEFORE TRUNCATE ON trunc_trigger_test
+FOR EACH STATEMENT
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trunctrigger('before trigger truncate');
+
+SELECT count(*) as "Row count in test table" FROM trunc_trigger_test;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_trigger_log;
+TRUNCATE trunc_trigger_test;
+SELECT count(*) as "Row count in test table" FROM trunc_trigger_test;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_trigger_log;
+
+DROP TRIGGER t ON trunc_trigger_test;
+
+truncate trunc_trigger_log;
+
+-- same test with an after trigger
+INSERT INTO trunc_trigger_test VALUES(1, 'foo', 'bar'), (2, 'baz', 'quux');
+
+CREATE TRIGGER tt
+AFTER TRUNCATE ON trunc_trigger_test
+FOR EACH STATEMENT
+EXECUTE PROCEDURE trunctrigger('after trigger truncate');
+
+SELECT count(*) as "Row count in test table" FROM trunc_trigger_test;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_trigger_log;
+TRUNCATE trunc_trigger_test;
+SELECT count(*) as "Row count in test table" FROM trunc_trigger_test;
+SELECT * FROM trunc_trigger_log;
+
+DROP TABLE trunc_trigger_test;
+DROP TABLE trunc_trigger_log;
+
+DROP FUNCTION trunctrigger();
+
+-- test TRUNCATE ... RESTART IDENTITY
+CREATE SEQUENCE truncate_a_id1 START WITH 33;
+CREATE TABLE truncate_a (id serial,
+                         id1 integer default nextval('truncate_a_id1'));
+ALTER SEQUENCE truncate_a_id1 OWNED BY truncate_a.id1;
+
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+
+TRUNCATE truncate_a;
+
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+
+TRUNCATE truncate_a RESTART IDENTITY;
+
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+
+CREATE TABLE truncate_b (id int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY (START WITH 44));
+
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_b;
+
+TRUNCATE truncate_b;
+
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_b;
+
+TRUNCATE truncate_b RESTART IDENTITY;
+
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_b DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_b;
+
+-- check rollback of a RESTART IDENTITY operation
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE truncate_a RESTART IDENTITY;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+ROLLBACK;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO truncate_a DEFAULT VALUES;
+SELECT * FROM truncate_a;
+
+DROP TABLE truncate_a;
+
+SELECT nextval('truncate_a_id1'); -- fail, seq should have been dropped
+
+-- partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE truncparted (a int, b char) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+-- error, can't truncate a partitioned table
+TRUNCATE ONLY truncparted;
+CREATE TABLE truncparted1 PARTITION OF truncparted FOR VALUES IN (1);
+INSERT INTO truncparted VALUES (1, 'a');
+-- error, must truncate partitions
+TRUNCATE ONLY truncparted;
+TRUNCATE truncparted;
+DROP TABLE truncparted;
+
+-- foreign key on partitioned table: partition key is referencing column.
+-- Make sure truncate did execute on all tables
+CREATE FUNCTION tp_ins_data() RETURNS void LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+  BEGIN
+	INSERT INTO truncprim VALUES (1), (100), (150);
+	INSERT INTO truncpart VALUES (1), (100), (150);
+  END
+$$;
+CREATE FUNCTION tp_chk_data(OUT pktb regclass, OUT pkval int, OUT fktb regclass, OUT fkval int)
+  RETURNS SETOF record LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN QUERY SELECT
+      pk.tableoid::regclass, pk.a, fk.tableoid::regclass, fk.a
+    FROM truncprim pk FULL JOIN truncpart fk USING (a)
+    ORDER BY 2, 4;
+  END
+$$;
+CREATE TABLE truncprim (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE truncpart (a int REFERENCES truncprim)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE truncpart_1 PARTITION OF truncpart FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (100);
+CREATE TABLE truncpart_2 PARTITION OF truncpart FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE truncpart_2_1 PARTITION OF truncpart_2 FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (150);
+CREATE TABLE truncpart_2_d PARTITION OF truncpart_2 DEFAULT;
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncprim;	-- should fail
+
+select tp_ins_data();
+-- should truncate everything
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncprim, truncpart;
+select * from tp_chk_data();
+
+select tp_ins_data();
+-- should truncate everything
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncprim CASCADE;
+SELECT * FROM tp_chk_data();
+
+SELECT tp_ins_data();
+-- should truncate all partitions
+TRUNCATE TABLE truncpart;
+SELECT * FROM tp_chk_data();
+DROP TABLE truncprim, truncpart;
+DROP FUNCTION tp_ins_data(), tp_chk_data();
+
+-- test cascade when referencing a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a (a INT PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a1 PARTITION OF trunc_a FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a2 PARTITION OF trunc_a FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20)
+  PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a21 PARTITION OF trunc_a2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (12);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a22 PARTITION OF trunc_a2 FOR VALUES FROM (12) TO (16);
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a2d PARTITION OF trunc_a2 DEFAULT;
+CREATE TABLE trunc_a3 PARTITION OF trunc_a FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
+INSERT INTO trunc_a VALUES (0), (5), (10), (15), (20), (25);
+
+-- truncate a partition cascading to a table
+CREATE TABLE ref_b (
+    b INT PRIMARY KEY,
+    a INT REFERENCES trunc_a(a) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+INSERT INTO ref_b VALUES (10, 0), (50, 5), (100, 10), (150, 15);
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_a1 CASCADE;
+SELECT a FROM ref_b;
+
+DROP TABLE ref_b;
+
+-- truncate a partition cascading to a partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE ref_c (
+    c INT PRIMARY KEY,
+    a INT REFERENCES trunc_a(a) ON DELETE CASCADE
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (c);
+CREATE TABLE ref_c1 PARTITION OF ref_c FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+CREATE TABLE ref_c2 PARTITION OF ref_c FOR VALUES FROM (200) TO (300);
+INSERT INTO ref_c VALUES (100, 10), (150, 15), (200, 20), (250, 25);
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE trunc_a21 CASCADE;
+SELECT a as "from table ref_c" FROM ref_c;
+SELECT a as "from table trunc_a" FROM trunc_a ORDER BY a;
+
+DROP TABLE trunc_a, ref_c;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tsdicts.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tsdicts.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddc6c7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tsdicts.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+--Test text search dictionaries and configurations
+
+-- Test ISpell dictionary with ispell affix file
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY ispell (
+                        Template=ispell,
+                        DictFile=ispell_sample,
+                        AffFile=ispell_sample
+);
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'skies');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'bookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'booking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'foot');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'foots');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'rebookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'rebooking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'rebook');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'unbookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'unbooking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'unbook');
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'footklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'footballklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'ballyklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('ispell', 'footballyklubber');
+
+-- Test ISpell dictionary with hunspell affix file
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell (
+                        Template=ispell,
+                        DictFile=ispell_sample,
+                        AffFile=hunspell_sample
+);
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'skies');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'bookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'booking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'foot');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'foots');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'rebookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'rebooking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'rebook');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'unbookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'unbooking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'unbook');
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'footklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'footballklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'ballyklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell', 'footballyklubber');
+
+-- Test ISpell dictionary with hunspell affix file with FLAG long parameter
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_long (
+                        Template=ispell,
+                        DictFile=hunspell_sample_long,
+                        AffFile=hunspell_sample_long
+);
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'skies');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'bookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'booking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'foot');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'foots');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'rebookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'rebooking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'rebook');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'unbookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'unbooking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'unbook');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'booked');
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'footklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'footballklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'ballyklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'ballsklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'footballyklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_long', 'ex-machina');
+
+-- Test ISpell dictionary with hunspell affix file with FLAG num parameter
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_num (
+                        Template=ispell,
+                        DictFile=hunspell_sample_num,
+                        AffFile=hunspell_sample_num
+);
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'skies');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'sk');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'bookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'booking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'foot');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'foots');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'rebookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'rebooking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'rebook');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'unbookings');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'unbooking');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'unbook');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'booked');
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'footklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'footballklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'ballyklubber');
+SELECT ts_lexize('hunspell_num', 'footballyklubber');
+
+-- Test suitability of affix and dict files
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_err (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=ispell_sample,
+						AffFile=hunspell_sample_long
+);
+
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_err (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=ispell_sample,
+						AffFile=hunspell_sample_num
+);
+
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_invalid_1 (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=hunspell_sample_long,
+						AffFile=ispell_sample
+);
+
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_invalid_2 (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=hunspell_sample_long,
+						AffFile=hunspell_sample_num
+);
+
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_invalid_3 (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=hunspell_sample_num,
+						AffFile=ispell_sample
+);
+
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY hunspell_err (
+						Template=ispell,
+						DictFile=hunspell_sample_num,
+						AffFile=hunspell_sample_long
+);
+
+-- Synonym dictionary
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY synonym (
+						Template=synonym,
+						Synonyms=synonym_sample
+);
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('synonym', 'PoStGrEs');
+SELECT ts_lexize('synonym', 'Gogle');
+SELECT ts_lexize('synonym', 'indices');
+
+-- test altering boolean parameters
+SELECT dictinitoption FROM pg_ts_dict WHERE dictname = 'synonym';
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY synonym (CaseSensitive = 1);
+SELECT ts_lexize('synonym', 'PoStGrEs');
+SELECT dictinitoption FROM pg_ts_dict WHERE dictname = 'synonym';
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY synonym (CaseSensitive = 2);  -- fail
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY synonym (CaseSensitive = off);
+SELECT ts_lexize('synonym', 'PoStGrEs');
+SELECT dictinitoption FROM pg_ts_dict WHERE dictname = 'synonym';
+
+-- Create and simple test thesaurus dictionary
+-- More tests in configuration checks because ts_lexize()
+-- cannot pass more than one word to thesaurus.
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY thesaurus (
+                        Template=thesaurus,
+						DictFile=thesaurus_sample,
+						Dictionary=english_stem
+);
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('thesaurus', 'one');
+
+-- Test ispell dictionary in configuration
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION ispell_tst (
+						COPY=english
+);
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION ispell_tst ALTER MAPPING FOR
+	word, numword, asciiword, hword, numhword, asciihword, hword_part, hword_numpart, hword_asciipart
+	WITH ispell, english_stem;
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('ispell_tst', 'Booking the skies after rebookings for footballklubber from a foot');
+SELECT to_tsquery('ispell_tst', 'footballklubber');
+SELECT to_tsquery('ispell_tst', 'footballyklubber:b & rebookings:A & sky');
+
+-- Test ispell dictionary with hunspell affix in configuration
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION hunspell_tst (
+						COPY=ispell_tst
+);
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION hunspell_tst ALTER MAPPING
+	REPLACE ispell WITH hunspell;
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('hunspell_tst', 'Booking the skies after rebookings for footballklubber from a foot');
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballklubber');
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballyklubber:b & rebookings:A & sky');
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballyklubber:b <-> sky');
+SELECT phraseto_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballyklubber sky');
+
+-- Test ispell dictionary with hunspell affix with FLAG long in configuration
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION hunspell_tst ALTER MAPPING
+	REPLACE hunspell WITH hunspell_long;
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('hunspell_tst', 'Booking the skies after rebookings for footballklubber from a foot');
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballklubber');
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballyklubber:b & rebookings:A & sky');
+
+-- Test ispell dictionary with hunspell affix with FLAG num in configuration
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION hunspell_tst ALTER MAPPING
+	REPLACE hunspell_long WITH hunspell_num;
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('hunspell_tst', 'Booking the skies after rebookings for footballklubber from a foot');
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballklubber');
+SELECT to_tsquery('hunspell_tst', 'footballyklubber:b & rebookings:A & sky');
+
+-- Test synonym dictionary in configuration
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION synonym_tst (
+						COPY=english
+);
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION synonym_tst ALTER MAPPING FOR
+	asciiword, hword_asciipart, asciihword
+	WITH synonym, english_stem;
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('synonym_tst', 'Postgresql is often called as postgres or pgsql and pronounced as postgre');
+SELECT to_tsvector('synonym_tst', 'Most common mistake is to write Gogle instead of Google');
+SELECT to_tsvector('synonym_tst', 'Indexes or indices - Which is right plural form of index?');
+SELECT to_tsquery('synonym_tst', 'Index & indices');
+
+-- test thesaurus in configuration
+-- see thesaurus_sample.ths to understand 'odd' resulting tsvector
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION thesaurus_tst (
+						COPY=synonym_tst
+);
+
+ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION thesaurus_tst ALTER MAPPING FOR
+	asciiword, hword_asciipart, asciihword
+	WITH synonym, thesaurus, english_stem;
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('thesaurus_tst', 'one postgres one two one two three one');
+SELECT to_tsvector('thesaurus_tst', 'Supernovae star is very new star and usually called supernovae (abbreviation SN)');
+SELECT to_tsvector('thesaurus_tst', 'Booking tickets is looking like a booking a tickets');
+
+-- invalid: non-lowercase quoted identifiers
+CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY tsdict_case
+(
+	Template = ispell,
+	"DictFile" = ispell_sample,
+	"AffFile" = ispell_sample
+);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tsearch.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tsearch.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca52261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tsearch.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+
+--
+-- Sanity checks for text search catalogs
+--
+-- NB: we assume the oidjoins test will have caught any dangling links,
+-- that is OID or REGPROC fields that are not zero and do not match some
+-- row in the linked-to table.  However, if we want to enforce that a link
+-- field can't be 0, we have to check it here.
+
+-- Find unexpected zero link entries
+
+SELECT oid, prsname
+FROM pg_ts_parser
+WHERE prsnamespace = 0 OR prsstart = 0 OR prstoken = 0 OR prsend = 0 OR
+      -- prsheadline is optional
+      prslextype = 0;
+
+SELECT oid, dictname
+FROM pg_ts_dict
+WHERE dictnamespace = 0 OR dictowner = 0 OR dicttemplate = 0;
+
+SELECT oid, tmplname
+FROM pg_ts_template
+WHERE tmplnamespace = 0 OR tmpllexize = 0;  -- tmplinit is optional
+
+SELECT oid, cfgname
+FROM pg_ts_config
+WHERE cfgnamespace = 0 OR cfgowner = 0 OR cfgparser = 0;
+
+SELECT mapcfg, maptokentype, mapseqno
+FROM pg_ts_config_map
+WHERE mapcfg = 0 OR mapdict = 0;
+
+-- Look for pg_ts_config_map entries that aren't one of parser's token types
+SELECT * FROM
+  ( SELECT oid AS cfgid, (ts_token_type(cfgparser)).tokid AS tokid
+    FROM pg_ts_config ) AS tt
+RIGHT JOIN pg_ts_config_map AS m
+    ON (tt.cfgid=m.mapcfg AND tt.tokid=m.maptokentype)
+WHERE
+    tt.cfgid IS NULL OR tt.tokid IS NULL;
+
+-- Load some test data
+CREATE TABLE test_tsvector(
+	t text,
+	a tsvector
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/tsearch.data'
+COPY test_tsvector FROM :'filename';
+
+ANALYZE test_tsvector;
+
+-- test basic text search behavior without indexes, then with
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+
+create index wowidx on test_tsvector using gist (a);
+
+SET enable_seqscan=OFF;
+SET enable_indexscan=ON;
+SET enable_bitmapscan=OFF;
+
+explain (costs off) SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+
+SET enable_indexscan=OFF;
+SET enable_bitmapscan=ON;
+
+explain (costs off) SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+
+-- Test siglen parameter of GiST tsvector_ops
+CREATE INDEX wowidx1 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(foo=1));
+CREATE INDEX wowidx1 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=0));
+CREATE INDEX wowidx1 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=2048));
+CREATE INDEX wowidx1 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=100,foo='bar'));
+CREATE INDEX wowidx1 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=100, siglen = 200));
+
+CREATE INDEX wowidx2 ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=1));
+
+\d test_tsvector
+
+DROP INDEX wowidx;
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+
+DROP INDEX wowidx2;
+
+CREATE INDEX wowidx ON test_tsvector USING gist (a tsvector_ops(siglen=484));
+
+\d test_tsvector
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+RESET enable_indexscan;
+RESET enable_bitmapscan;
+
+DROP INDEX wowidx;
+
+CREATE INDEX wowidx ON test_tsvector USING gin (a);
+
+SET enable_seqscan=OFF;
+-- GIN only supports bitmapscan, so no need to test plain indexscan
+
+explain (costs off) SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr|qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr&qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq&yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'eq|yt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq&yt)|(wr&qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '(eq|yt)&(wr|qh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'w:*|q:*';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ any ('{wr,qh}');
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!no_such_lexeme';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!pl <-> !yh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!yh <-> pl';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qe <2> qt';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(pl <-> yh)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(yh <-> pl)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!(qe <2> qt)';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wd:D';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:A';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!wd:D';
+
+-- Test optimization of non-empty GIN_SEARCH_MODE_ALL queries
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ '!qh';
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr' AND a @@ '!qh';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ 'wr' AND a @@ '!qh';
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+INSERT INTO test_tsvector VALUES ('???', 'DFG:1A,2B,6C,10 FGH');
+SELECT * FROM ts_stat('SELECT a FROM test_tsvector') ORDER BY ndoc DESC, nentry DESC, word LIMIT 10;
+SELECT * FROM ts_stat('SELECT a FROM test_tsvector', 'AB') ORDER BY ndoc DESC, nentry DESC, word;
+
+--dictionaries and to_tsvector
+
+SELECT ts_lexize('english_stem', 'skies');
+SELECT ts_lexize('english_stem', 'identity');
+
+SELECT * FROM ts_token_type('default');
+
+SELECT * FROM ts_parse('default', '345 qwe@efd.r '' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?  ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net teodor@123-stack.net 123_teodor@stack.net 123-teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
+/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
+<i <b> wow  < jqw <> qwerty');
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('english', '345 qwe@efd.r '' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?  ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net teodor@123-stack.net 123_teodor@stack.net 123-teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
+/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
+<i <b> wow  < jqw <> qwerty');
+
+SELECT length(to_tsvector('english', '345 qwe@efd.r '' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?  ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net teodor@123-stack.net 123_teodor@stack.net 123-teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
+/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
+<i <b> wow  < jqw <> qwerty'));
+
+-- ts_debug
+
+SELECT * from ts_debug('english', '<myns:foo-bar_baz.blurfl>abc&nm1;def&#xa9;ghi&#245;jkl</myns:foo-bar_baz.blurfl>');
+
+-- check parsing of URLs
+SELECT * from ts_debug('english', 'http://www.harewoodsolutions.co.uk/press.aspx</span>');
+SELECT * from ts_debug('english', 'http://aew.wer0c.ewr/id?ad=qwe&dw<span>');
+SELECT * from ts_debug('english', 'http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?');
+SELECT * from ts_debug('english', '5aew.werc.ewr:8100/?xx');
+SELECT token, alias,
+  dictionaries, dictionaries is null as dnull, array_dims(dictionaries) as ddims,
+  lexemes, lexemes is null as lnull, array_dims(lexemes) as ldims
+from ts_debug('english', 'a title');
+
+-- to_tsquery
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'qwe & sKies ');
+SELECT to_tsquery('simple', 'qwe & sKies ');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '''the wether'':dc & ''           sKies '':BC ');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'asd&(and|fghj)');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(asd&and)|fghj');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(asd&!and)|fghj');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(the|and&(i&1))&fghj');
+
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'the and z 1))& fghj');
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'foo bar') && plainto_tsquery('english', 'asd');
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'foo bar') || plainto_tsquery('english', 'asd fg');
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'foo bar') || !!plainto_tsquery('english', 'asd fg');
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('english', 'foo bar') && 'asd | fg';
+
+-- Check stop word deletion, a and s are stop-words
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '!(a & !b) & c');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '!(a & !b)');
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <-> 2) <-> a');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <-> a) <-> 2');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(a <-> 1) <-> 2');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'a <-> (1 <-> 2)');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <-> (a <-> 2)');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <-> (2 <-> a)');
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <-> 2) <3> a');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <-> a) <3> 2');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(a <-> 1) <3> 2');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'a <3> (1 <-> 2)');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <3> (a <-> 2)');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <3> (2 <-> a)');
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <3> 2) <-> a');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(1 <3> a) <-> 2');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(a <3> 1) <-> 2');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'a <-> (1 <3> 2)');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <-> (a <3> 2)');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '1 <-> (2 <3> a)');
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '((a <-> 1) <-> 2) <-> s');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(2 <-> (a <-> 1)) <-> s');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '((1 <-> a) <-> 2) <-> s');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(2 <-> (1 <-> a)) <-> s');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 's <-> ((a <-> 1) <-> 2)');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 's <-> (2 <-> (a <-> 1))');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 's <-> ((1 <-> a) <-> 2)');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 's <-> (2 <-> (1 <-> a))');
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '((a <-> 1) <-> s) <-> 2');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(s <-> (a <-> 1)) <-> 2');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '((1 <-> a) <-> s) <-> 2');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '(s <-> (1 <-> a)) <-> 2');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '2 <-> ((a <-> 1) <-> s)');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '2 <-> (s <-> (a <-> 1))');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '2 <-> ((1 <-> a) <-> s)');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '2 <-> (s <-> (1 <-> a))');
+
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'foo <-> (a <-> (the <-> bar))');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', '((foo <-> a) <-> the) <-> bar');
+SELECT to_tsquery('english', 'foo <-> a <-> the <-> bar');
+SELECT phraseto_tsquery('english', 'PostgreSQL can be extended by the user in many ways');
+
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(to_tsvector('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+'), to_tsquery('english', 'paint&water'));
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(to_tsvector('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+'), to_tsquery('english', 'breath&motion&water'));
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(to_tsvector('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+'), to_tsquery('english', 'ocean'));
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(to_tsvector('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+'), to_tsquery('english', 'painted <-> Ship'));
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(strip(to_tsvector('both stripped')),
+                  to_tsquery('both & stripped'));
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(to_tsvector('unstripped') || strip(to_tsvector('stripped')),
+                  to_tsquery('unstripped & stripped'));
+
+--headline tests
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'paint&water'));
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'breath&motion&water'));
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'ocean'));
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', phraseto_tsquery('english', 'painted Ocean'));
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', phraseto_tsquery('english', 'idle as a painted Ship'));
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english',
+'Lorem ipsum urna.  Nullam nullam ullamcorper urna.',
+to_tsquery('english','Lorem') && phraseto_tsquery('english','ullamcorper urna'),
+'MaxWords=100, MinWords=1');
+
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+<html>
+<!-- some comment -->
+<body>
+Sea view wow <u>foo bar</u> <i>qq</i>
+<a href="http://www.google.com/foo.bar.html" target="_blank">YES &nbsp;</a>
+ff-bg
+<script>
+       document.write(15);
+</script>
+</body>
+</html>',
+to_tsquery('english', 'sea&foo'), 'HighlightAll=true');
+
+SELECT ts_headline('simple', '1 2 3 1 3'::text, '1 <-> 3', 'MaxWords=2, MinWords=1');
+SELECT ts_headline('simple', '1 2 3 1 3'::text, '1 & 3', 'MaxWords=4, MinWords=1');
+SELECT ts_headline('simple', '1 2 3 1 3'::text, '1 <-> 3', 'MaxWords=4, MinWords=1');
+
+--Check if headline fragments work
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'ocean'), 'MaxFragments=1');
+
+--Check if more than one fragments are displayed
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'Coleridge & stuck'), 'MaxFragments=2');
+
+--Fragments when there all query words are not in the document
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'ocean & seahorse'), 'MaxFragments=1');
+
+--FragmentDelimiter option
+SELECT ts_headline('english', '
+Day after day, day after day,
+  We stuck, nor breath nor motion,
+As idle as a painted Ship
+  Upon a painted Ocean.
+Water, water, every where
+  And all the boards did shrink;
+Water, water, every where,
+  Nor any drop to drink.
+S. T. Coleridge (1772-1834)
+', to_tsquery('english', 'Coleridge & stuck'), 'MaxFragments=2,FragmentDelimiter=***');
+
+--Fragments with phrase search
+SELECT ts_headline('english',
+'Lorem ipsum urna.  Nullam nullam ullamcorper urna.',
+to_tsquery('english','Lorem') && phraseto_tsquery('english','ullamcorper urna'),
+'MaxFragments=100, MaxWords=100, MinWords=1');
+
+-- Edge cases with empty query
+SELECT ts_headline('english',
+'', to_tsquery('english', ''));
+SELECT ts_headline('english',
+'foo bar', to_tsquery('english', ''));
+
+--Rewrite sub system
+
+CREATE TABLE test_tsquery (txtkeyword TEXT, txtsample TEXT);
+\set ECHO none
+\copy test_tsquery from stdin
+'New York'	new <-> york | big <-> apple | nyc
+Moscow	moskva | moscow
+'Sanct Peter'	Peterburg | peter | 'Sanct Peterburg'
+foo & bar & qq	foo & (bar | qq) & city
+1 & (2 <-> 3)	2 <-> 4
+5 <-> 6	5 <-> 7
+\.
+\set ECHO all
+
+ALTER TABLE test_tsquery ADD COLUMN keyword tsquery;
+UPDATE test_tsquery SET keyword = to_tsquery('english', txtkeyword);
+ALTER TABLE test_tsquery ADD COLUMN sample tsquery;
+UPDATE test_tsquery SET sample = to_tsquery('english', txtsample::text);
+
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <  'new <-> york';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <= 'new <-> york';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword = 'new <-> york';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword >= 'new <-> york';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword >  'new <-> york';
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX bt_tsq ON test_tsquery (keyword);
+
+SET enable_seqscan=OFF;
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <  'new <-> york';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <= 'new <-> york';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword = 'new <-> york';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword >= 'new <-> york';
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword >  'new <-> york';
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite('foo & bar & qq & new & york',  'new & york'::tsquery, 'big & apple | nyc | new & york & city');
+SELECT ts_rewrite(ts_rewrite('new & !york ', 'york', '!jersey'),
+                  'jersey', 'mexico');
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite('moscow', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+SELECT ts_rewrite('moscow & hotel', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+SELECT ts_rewrite('bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite( 'moscow', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery');
+SELECT ts_rewrite( 'moscow & hotel', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery');
+SELECT ts_rewrite( 'bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery');
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite('1 & (2 <-> 3)', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+SELECT ts_rewrite('1 & (2 <2> 3)', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+SELECT ts_rewrite('5 <-> (1 & (2 <-> 3))', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+SELECT ts_rewrite('5 <-> (6 | 8)', 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery'::text );
+
+-- Check empty substitution
+SELECT ts_rewrite(to_tsquery('5 & (6 | 5)'), to_tsquery('5'), to_tsquery(''));
+SELECT ts_rewrite(to_tsquery('!5'), to_tsquery('5'), to_tsquery(''));
+
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword @> 'new';
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword @> 'moscow';
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <@ 'new';
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <@ 'moscow';
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow') AS query;
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow & hotel') AS query;
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)') AS query;
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow') AS query;
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow & hotel') AS query;
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)') AS query;
+
+CREATE INDEX qq ON test_tsquery USING gist (keyword tsquery_ops);
+SET enable_seqscan=OFF;
+
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword @> 'new';
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword @> 'moscow';
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <@ 'new';
+SELECT keyword FROM test_tsquery WHERE keyword <@ 'moscow';
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow') AS query;
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow & hotel') AS query;
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)') AS query;
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow') AS query;
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'moscow & hotel') AS query;
+SELECT ts_rewrite( query, 'SELECT keyword, sample FROM test_tsquery' ) FROM to_tsquery('english', 'bar & qq & foo & (new <-> york)') AS query;
+
+SELECT ts_rewrite(tsquery_phrase('foo', 'foo'), 'foo', 'bar | baz');
+SELECT to_tsvector('foo bar') @@
+  ts_rewrite(tsquery_phrase('foo', 'foo'), 'foo', 'bar | baz');
+SELECT to_tsvector('bar baz') @@
+  ts_rewrite(tsquery_phrase('foo', 'foo'), 'foo', 'bar | baz');
+
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+--test GUC
+SET default_text_search_config=simple;
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('SKIES My booKs');
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('SKIES My booKs');
+SELECT to_tsquery('SKIES & My | booKs');
+
+SET default_text_search_config=english;
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('SKIES My booKs');
+SELECT plainto_tsquery('SKIES My booKs');
+SELECT to_tsquery('SKIES & My | booKs');
+
+--trigger
+CREATE TRIGGER tsvectorupdate
+BEFORE UPDATE OR INSERT ON test_tsvector
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE tsvector_update_trigger(a, 'pg_catalog.english', t);
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ to_tsquery('345&qwerty');
+INSERT INTO test_tsvector (t) VALUES ('345 qwerty');
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ to_tsquery('345&qwerty');
+UPDATE test_tsvector SET t = null WHERE t = '345 qwerty';
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ to_tsquery('345&qwerty');
+
+INSERT INTO test_tsvector (t) VALUES ('345 qwerty');
+
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ to_tsquery('345&qwerty');
+
+-- Test inlining of immutable constant functions
+
+-- to_tsquery(text) is not immutable, so it won't be inlined
+explain (costs off)
+select * from test_tsquery, to_tsquery('new') q where txtsample @@ q;
+
+-- to_tsquery(regconfig, text) is an immutable function.
+-- That allows us to get rid of using function scan and join at all.
+explain (costs off)
+select * from test_tsquery, to_tsquery('english', 'new') q where txtsample @@ q;
+
+-- test finding items in GIN's pending list
+create temp table pendtest (ts tsvector);
+create index pendtest_idx on pendtest using gin(ts);
+insert into pendtest values (to_tsvector('Lore ipsam'));
+insert into pendtest values (to_tsvector('Lore ipsum'));
+select * from pendtest where 'ipsu:*'::tsquery @@ ts;
+select * from pendtest where 'ipsa:*'::tsquery @@ ts;
+select * from pendtest where 'ips:*'::tsquery @@ ts;
+select * from pendtest where 'ipt:*'::tsquery @@ ts;
+select * from pendtest where 'ipi:*'::tsquery @@ ts;
+
+--check OP_PHRASE on index
+create temp table phrase_index_test(fts tsvector);
+insert into phrase_index_test values ('A fat cat has just eaten a rat.');
+insert into phrase_index_test values (to_tsvector('english', 'A fat cat has just eaten a rat.'));
+create index phrase_index_test_idx on phrase_index_test using gin(fts);
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+select * from phrase_index_test where fts @@ phraseto_tsquery('english', 'fat cat');
+set enable_seqscan = on;
+
+-- test websearch_to_tsquery function
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'I have a fat:*ABCD cat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'orange:**AABBCCDD');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat:A!cat:B|rat:C<');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat:A : cat:B');
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat*rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat-rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat_rat');
+
+-- weights are completely ignored
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc : def');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc:def');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'a:::b');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc:d');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', ':');
+
+-- these operators are ignored
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc & def');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc | def');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc <-> def');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc (pg or class)');
+
+-- NOT is ignored in quotes
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'My brand new smartphone');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'My brand "new smartphone"');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'My brand "new -smartphone"');
+
+-- test OR operator
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'cat or rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'cat OR rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'cat "OR" rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'cat OR');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'OR rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', '"fat cat OR rat"');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat (cat OR rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'or OR or');
+
+-- OR is an operator here ...
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', '"fat cat"or"fat rat"');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or(rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or)rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or&rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or|rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or!rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or<rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or>rat');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'fat or ');
+
+-- ... but not here
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc orange');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc OR1234');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc or-abc');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('simple', 'abc OR_abc');
+
+-- test quotes
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"pg_class pg');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'pg_class pg"');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"pg_class pg"');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"pg_class : pg"');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'abc "pg_class pg"');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"pg_class pg" def');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'abc "pg pg_class pg" def');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', ' or "pg pg_class pg" or ');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '""pg pg_class pg""');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'abc """"" def');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'cat -"fat rat"');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'cat -"fat rat" cheese');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'abc "def -"');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'abc "def :"');
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"A fat cat" has just eaten a -rat.');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"A fat cat" has just eaten OR !rat.');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"A fat cat" has just (+eaten OR -rat)');
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'this is ----fine');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '(()) )))) this ||| is && -fine, "dear friend" OR good');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', 'an old <-> cat " is fine &&& too');
+
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"A the" OR just on');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"a fat cat" ate a rat');
+
+select to_tsvector('english', 'A fat cat ate a rat') @@
+	websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"a fat cat" ate a rat');
+
+select to_tsvector('english', 'A fat grey cat ate a rat') @@
+	websearch_to_tsquery('english', '"a fat cat" ate a rat');
+
+-- cases handled by gettoken_tsvector()
+select websearch_to_tsquery('''');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('''abc''''def''');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('\abc');
+select websearch_to_tsquery('\');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tsrf.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tsrf.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c22529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tsrf.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+--
+-- tsrf - targetlist set returning function tests
+--
+
+-- simple srf
+SELECT generate_series(1, 3);
+
+-- parallel iteration
+SELECT generate_series(1, 3), generate_series(3,5);
+
+-- parallel iteration, different number of rows
+SELECT generate_series(1, 2), generate_series(1,4);
+
+-- srf, with SRF argument
+SELECT generate_series(1, generate_series(1, 3));
+
+-- but we've traditionally rejected the same in FROM
+SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, generate_series(1, 3));
+
+-- srf, with two SRF arguments
+SELECT generate_series(generate_series(1,3), generate_series(2, 4));
+
+-- check proper nesting of SRFs in different expressions
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+SELECT generate_series(1, generate_series(1, 3)), generate_series(2, 4);
+SELECT generate_series(1, generate_series(1, 3)), generate_series(2, 4);
+
+CREATE TABLE few(id int, dataa text, datab text);
+INSERT INTO few VALUES(1, 'a', 'foo'),(2, 'a', 'bar'),(3, 'b', 'bar');
+
+-- SRF with a provably-dummy relation
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1, 2]) FROM few WHERE false;
+SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1, 2]) FROM few WHERE false;
+
+-- SRF shouldn't prevent upper query from recognizing lower as dummy
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+SELECT * FROM few f1,
+  (SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1,2]) FROM few f2 WHERE false OFFSET 0) ss;
+SELECT * FROM few f1,
+  (SELECT unnest(ARRAY[1,2]) FROM few f2 WHERE false OFFSET 0) ss;
+
+-- SRF output order of sorting is maintained, if SRF is not referenced
+SELECT few.id, generate_series(1,3) g FROM few ORDER BY id DESC;
+
+-- but SRFs can be referenced in sort
+SELECT few.id, generate_series(1,3) g FROM few ORDER BY id, g DESC;
+SELECT few.id, generate_series(1,3) g FROM few ORDER BY id, generate_series(1,3) DESC;
+
+-- it's weird to have ORDER BYs that increase the number of results
+SELECT few.id FROM few ORDER BY id, generate_series(1,3) DESC;
+
+-- SRFs are computed after aggregation
+SET enable_hashagg TO 0; -- stable output order
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*), min(id), max(id), unnest('{1,1,3}'::int[]) FROM few WHERE few.id = 1 GROUP BY few.dataa;
+-- unless referenced in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*), min(id), max(id), unnest('{1,1,3}'::int[]) FROM few WHERE few.id = 1 GROUP BY few.dataa, unnest('{1,1,3}'::int[]);
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*), min(id), max(id), unnest('{1,1,3}'::int[]) FROM few WHERE few.id = 1 GROUP BY few.dataa, 5;
+RESET enable_hashagg;
+
+-- check HAVING works when GROUP BY does [not] reference SRF output
+SELECT dataa, generate_series(1,1), count(*) FROM few GROUP BY 1 HAVING count(*) > 1;
+SELECT dataa, generate_series(1,1), count(*) FROM few GROUP BY 1, 2 HAVING count(*) > 1;
+
+-- it's weird to have GROUP BYs that increase the number of results
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*) FROM few WHERE dataa = 'a' GROUP BY few.dataa ORDER BY 2;
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*) FROM few WHERE dataa = 'a' GROUP BY few.dataa, unnest('{1,1,3}'::int[]) ORDER BY 2;
+
+-- SRFs are not allowed if they'd need to be conditionally executed
+SELECT q1, case when q1 > 0 then generate_series(1,3) else 0 end FROM int8_tbl;
+SELECT q1, coalesce(generate_series(1,3), 0) FROM int8_tbl;
+
+-- SRFs are not allowed in aggregate arguments
+SELECT min(generate_series(1, 3)) FROM few;
+
+-- ... unless they're within a sub-select
+SELECT sum((3 = ANY(SELECT generate_series(1,4)))::int);
+
+SELECT sum((3 = ANY(SELECT lag(x) over(order by x)
+                    FROM generate_series(1,4) x))::int);
+
+-- SRFs are not allowed in window function arguments, either
+SELECT min(generate_series(1, 3)) OVER() FROM few;
+
+-- SRFs are normally computed after window functions
+SELECT id,lag(id) OVER(), count(*) OVER(), generate_series(1,3) FROM few;
+-- unless referencing SRFs
+SELECT SUM(count(*)) OVER(PARTITION BY generate_series(1,3) ORDER BY generate_series(1,3)), generate_series(1,3) g FROM few GROUP BY g;
+
+-- sorting + grouping
+SELECT few.dataa, count(*), min(id), max(id), generate_series(1,3) FROM few GROUP BY few.dataa ORDER BY 5, 1;
+
+-- grouping sets are a bit special, they produce NULLs in columns not actually NULL
+set enable_hashagg = false;
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab);
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab) ORDER BY dataa;
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab) ORDER BY g;
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab, g);
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab, g) ORDER BY dataa;
+SELECT dataa, datab b, generate_series(1,2) g, count(*) FROM few GROUP BY CUBE(dataa, datab, g) ORDER BY g;
+reset enable_hashagg;
+
+-- case with degenerate ORDER BY
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select 'foo' as f, generate_series(1,2) as g from few order by 1;
+select 'foo' as f, generate_series(1,2) as g from few order by 1;
+
+-- data modification
+CREATE TABLE fewmore AS SELECT generate_series(1,3) AS data;
+INSERT INTO fewmore VALUES(generate_series(4,5));
+SELECT * FROM fewmore;
+
+-- SRFs are not allowed in UPDATE (they once were, but it was nonsense)
+UPDATE fewmore SET data = generate_series(4,9);
+
+-- SRFs are not allowed in RETURNING
+INSERT INTO fewmore VALUES(1) RETURNING generate_series(1,3);
+
+-- nor standalone VALUES (but surely this is a bug?)
+VALUES(1, generate_series(1,2));
+
+-- We allow tSRFs that are not at top level
+SELECT int4mul(generate_series(1,2), 10);
+SELECT generate_series(1,3) IS DISTINCT FROM 2;
+
+-- but SRFs in function RTEs must be at top level (annoying restriction)
+SELECT * FROM int4mul(generate_series(1,2), 10);
+
+-- DISTINCT ON is evaluated before tSRF evaluation if SRF is not
+-- referenced either in ORDER BY or in the DISTINCT ON list. The ORDER
+-- BY reference can be implicitly generated, if there's no other ORDER BY.
+
+-- implicit reference (via implicit ORDER) to all columns
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (a) a, b, generate_series(1,3) g
+FROM (VALUES (3, 2), (3,1), (1,1), (1,4), (5,3), (5,1)) AS t(a, b);
+
+-- unreferenced in DISTINCT ON or ORDER BY
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (a) a, b, generate_series(1,3) g
+FROM (VALUES (3, 2), (3,1), (1,1), (1,4), (5,3), (5,1)) AS t(a, b)
+ORDER BY a, b DESC;
+
+-- referenced in ORDER BY
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (a) a, b, generate_series(1,3) g
+FROM (VALUES (3, 2), (3,1), (1,1), (1,4), (5,3), (5,1)) AS t(a, b)
+ORDER BY a, b DESC, g DESC;
+
+-- referenced in ORDER BY and DISTINCT ON
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (a, b, g) a, b, generate_series(1,3) g
+FROM (VALUES (3, 2), (3,1), (1,1), (1,4), (5,3), (5,1)) AS t(a, b)
+ORDER BY a, b DESC, g DESC;
+
+-- only SRF mentioned in DISTINCT ON
+SELECT DISTINCT ON (g) a, b, generate_series(1,3) g
+FROM (VALUES (3, 2), (3,1), (1,1), (1,4), (5,3), (5,1)) AS t(a, b);
+
+-- LIMIT / OFFSET is evaluated after SRF evaluation
+SELECT a, generate_series(1,2) FROM (VALUES(1),(2),(3)) r(a) LIMIT 2 OFFSET 2;
+-- SRFs are not allowed in LIMIT.
+SELECT 1 LIMIT generate_series(1,3);
+
+-- tSRF in correlated subquery, referencing table outside
+SELECT (SELECT generate_series(1,3) LIMIT 1 OFFSET few.id) FROM few;
+-- tSRF in correlated subquery, referencing SRF outside
+SELECT (SELECT generate_series(1,3) LIMIT 1 OFFSET g.i) FROM generate_series(0,3) g(i);
+
+-- Operators can return sets too
+CREATE OPERATOR |@| (PROCEDURE = unnest, RIGHTARG = ANYARRAY);
+SELECT |@|ARRAY[1,2,3];
+
+-- Some fun cases involving duplicate SRF calls
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select generate_series(1,3) as x, generate_series(1,3) + 1 as xp1;
+select generate_series(1,3) as x, generate_series(1,3) + 1 as xp1;
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select generate_series(1,3)+1 order by generate_series(1,3);
+select generate_series(1,3)+1 order by generate_series(1,3);
+
+-- Check that SRFs of same nesting level run in lockstep
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select generate_series(1,3) as x, generate_series(3,6) + 1 as y;
+select generate_series(1,3) as x, generate_series(3,6) + 1 as y;
+
+-- Clean up
+DROP TABLE few;
+DROP TABLE fewmore;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tstypes.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tstypes.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61e8f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tstypes.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+-- deal with numeric instability of ts_rank
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+
+--Base tsvector test
+
+SELECT '1'::tsvector;
+SELECT '1 '::tsvector;
+SELECT ' 1'::tsvector;
+SELECT ' 1 '::tsvector;
+SELECT '1 2'::tsvector;
+SELECT '''1 2'''::tsvector;
+SELECT E'''1 \\''2'''::tsvector;
+SELECT E'''1 \\''2''3'::tsvector;
+SELECT E'''1 \\''2'' 3'::tsvector;
+SELECT E'''1 \\''2'' '' 3'' 4 '::tsvector;
+SELECT $$'\\as' ab\c ab\\c AB\\\c ab\\\\c$$::tsvector;
+SELECT tsvectorin(tsvectorout($$'\\as' ab\c ab\\c AB\\\c ab\\\\c$$::tsvector));
+SELECT '''w'':4A,3B,2C,1D,5 a:8';
+SELECT 'a:3A b:2a'::tsvector || 'ba:1234 a:1B';
+SELECT $$'' '1' '2'$$::tsvector;  -- error, empty lexeme is not allowed
+
+--Base tsquery test
+SELECT '1'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1 '::tsquery;
+SELECT ' 1'::tsquery;
+SELECT ' 1 '::tsquery;
+SELECT '''1 2'''::tsquery;
+SELECT E'''1 \\''2'''::tsquery;
+SELECT '!1'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1|2'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1|!2'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!1|2'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!1|!2'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!(!1|!2)'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!(!1|2)'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!(1|!2)'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!(1|2)'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1&2'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!1&2'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1&!2'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!1&!2'::tsquery;
+SELECT '(1&2)'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1&(2)'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!(1)&2'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!(1&2)'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1|2&3'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1|(2&3)'::tsquery;
+SELECT '(1|2)&3'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1|2&!3'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1|!2&3'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!1|2&3'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!1|(2&3)'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!(1|2)&3'::tsquery;
+SELECT '(!1|2)&3'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1|(2|(4|(5|6)))'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1|2|4|5|6'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1&(2&(4&(5&6)))'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1&2&4&5&6'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1&(2&(4&(5|6)))'::tsquery;
+SELECT '1&(2&(4&(5|!6)))'::tsquery;
+SELECT E'1&(''2''&('' 4''&(\\|5 | ''6 \\'' !|&'')))'::tsquery;
+SELECT $$'\\as'$$::tsquery;
+SELECT 'a:* & nbb:*ac | doo:a* | goo'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!!b'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!!!b'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!(!b)'::tsquery;
+SELECT 'a & !!b'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!!a & b'::tsquery;
+SELECT '!!a & !!b'::tsquery;
+
+--comparisons
+SELECT 'a' < 'b & c'::tsquery as "true";
+SELECT 'a' > 'b & c'::tsquery as "false";
+SELECT 'a | f' < 'b & c'::tsquery as "false";
+SELECT 'a | ff' < 'b & c'::tsquery as "false";
+SELECT 'a | f | g' < 'b & c'::tsquery as "false";
+
+--concatenation
+SELECT numnode( 'new'::tsquery );
+SELECT numnode( 'new & york'::tsquery );
+SELECT numnode( 'new & york | qwery'::tsquery );
+
+SELECT 'foo & bar'::tsquery && 'asd';
+SELECT 'foo & bar'::tsquery || 'asd & fg';
+SELECT 'foo & bar'::tsquery || !!'asd & fg'::tsquery;
+SELECT 'foo & bar'::tsquery && 'asd | fg';
+SELECT 'a' <-> 'b & d'::tsquery;
+SELECT 'a & g' <-> 'b & d'::tsquery;
+SELECT 'a & g' <-> 'b | d'::tsquery;
+SELECT 'a & g' <-> 'b <-> d'::tsquery;
+SELECT tsquery_phrase('a <3> g', 'b & d', 10);
+
+-- tsvector-tsquery operations
+
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & ca' as "true";
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & ca:B' as "true";
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & ca:A' as "true";
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & ca:C' as "false";
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & ca:CB' as "true";
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & c:*C' as "false";
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & c:*CB' as "true";
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64b cb:80c d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & c:*C' as "true";
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64c cb:80b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & c:*C' as "true";
+SELECT 'a b:89  ca:23A,64c cb:80b d:34c'::tsvector @@ 'd:AC & c:*B' as "true";
+SELECT 'wa:1D wb:2A'::tsvector @@ 'w:*D & w:*A'::tsquery as "true";
+SELECT 'wa:1D wb:2A'::tsvector @@ 'w:*D <-> w:*A'::tsquery as "true";
+SELECT 'wa:1A wb:2D'::tsvector @@ 'w:*D <-> w:*A'::tsquery as "false";
+SELECT 'wa:1A'::tsvector @@ 'w:*A'::tsquery as "true";
+SELECT 'wa:1A'::tsvector @@ 'w:*D'::tsquery as "false";
+SELECT 'wa:1A'::tsvector @@ '!w:*A'::tsquery as "false";
+SELECT 'wa:1A'::tsvector @@ '!w:*D'::tsquery as "true";
+-- historically, a stripped tsvector matches queries ignoring weights:
+SELECT strip('wa:1A'::tsvector) @@ 'w:*A'::tsquery as "true";
+SELECT strip('wa:1A'::tsvector) @@ 'w:*D'::tsquery as "true";
+SELECT strip('wa:1A'::tsvector) @@ '!w:*A'::tsquery as "false";
+SELECT strip('wa:1A'::tsvector) @@ '!w:*D'::tsquery as "false";
+
+SELECT 'supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super'::tsquery AS "false";
+SELECT 'supeanova supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super'::tsquery AS "false";
+SELECT 'supeznova supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super'::tsquery AS "false";
+SELECT 'supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super:*'::tsquery AS "true";
+SELECT 'supeanova supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super:*'::tsquery AS "true";
+SELECT 'supeznova supernova'::tsvector @@ 'super:*'::tsquery AS "true";
+
+--phrase search
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 1') @@ '1 <-> 2' AS "true";
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 1') @@ '1 <2> 2' AS "false";
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 1') @@ '1 <-> 3' AS "false";
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 1') @@ '1 <2> 3' AS "true";
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 1 2') @@ '1 <3> 2' AS "true";
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 11 3') @@ '1 <-> 3' AS "false";
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 11 3') @@ '1:* <-> 3' AS "true";
+
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 4') @@ '1 <-> 2 <-> 3' AS "true";
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 4') @@ '(1 <-> 2) <-> 3' AS "true";
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 4') @@ '1 <-> (2 <-> 3)' AS "true";
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 4') @@ '1 <2> (2 <-> 3)' AS "false";
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 1 2 3 4') @@ '(1 <-> 2) <-> 3' AS "true";
+SELECT to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 1 2 3 4') @@ '1 <-> 2 <-> 3' AS "true";
+-- without position data, phrase search does not match
+SELECT strip(to_tsvector('simple', '1 2 3 4')) @@ '1 <-> 2 <-> 3' AS "false";
+
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q x q y') @@ 'q <-> (x & y)' AS "false";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q x') @@ 'q <-> (x | y <-> z)' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q y') @@ 'q <-> (x | y <-> z)' AS "false";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q y z') @@ 'q <-> (x | y <-> z)' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q y x') @@ 'q <-> (x | y <-> z)' AS "false";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q x y') @@ 'q <-> (x | y <-> z)' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'q x') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "false";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x q') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "false";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y z') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "false";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y z q') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'y z q') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'y y q') @@ '(x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "false";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'y y q') @@ '(!x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(!x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'y y q') @@ '(x | y <-> !z) <-> q' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x q') @@ '(x | y <-> !z) <-> q' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x q') @@ '(!x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "false";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'z q') @@ '(!x | y <-> z) <-> q' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(!x | y) <-> y <-> q' AS "false";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(!x | !y) <-> y <-> q' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(x | !y) <-> y <-> q' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q') @@ '(x | !!z) <-> y <-> q' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!x <-> y' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!x <-> !y' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!x <-> !!y' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!(x <-> y)' AS "false";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!(x <2> y)' AS "true";
+select strip(to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y')) @@ '!x <-> y' AS "false";
+select strip(to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y')) @@ '!x <-> !y' AS "false";
+select strip(to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y')) @@ '!x <-> !!y' AS "false";
+select strip(to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y')) @@ '!(x <-> y)' AS "true";
+select strip(to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y')) @@ '!(x <2> y)' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', 'x y q y') @@ '!foo' AS "true";
+select to_tsvector('simple', '') @@ '!foo' AS "true";
+
+--ranking
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s:*');
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | sa:*');
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2B d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2 d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2B d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+SELECT ts_rank(' a:1 s:2 d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | s:*');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a | sa:*');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:3C sab:2c d g'::tsvector, 'a | sa:*');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2B d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2 d g'::tsvector, 'a | s');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2B d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2 d g'::tsvector, 'a & s');
+
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2A d g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2C d g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2 d g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2 d:2A g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 s:2,3A d:2A g'::tsvector, 'a <2> s:A');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 b:2 s:3A d:2A g'::tsvector, 'a <2> s:A');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2D sb:2A g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s:*');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2A sb:2D g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s:*');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2A sb:2D g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s:* <-> sa:A');
+SELECT ts_rank_cd(' a:1 sa:2A sb:2D g'::tsvector, 'a <-> s:* <-> sa:B');
+
+SELECT 'a:1 b:2'::tsvector @@ 'a <-> b'::tsquery AS "true";
+SELECT 'a:1 b:2'::tsvector @@ 'a <0> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+SELECT 'a:1 b:2'::tsvector @@ 'a <1> b'::tsquery AS "true";
+SELECT 'a:1 b:2'::tsvector @@ 'a <2> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <-> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <0> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <1> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <2> b'::tsquery AS "true";
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <3> b'::tsquery AS "false";
+SELECT 'a:1 b:3'::tsvector @@ 'a <0> a:*'::tsquery AS "true";
+
+-- tsvector editing operations
+
+SELECT strip('w:12B w:13* w:12,5,6 a:1,3* a:3 w asd:1dc asd'::tsvector);
+SELECT strip('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector);
+SELECT strip('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector);
+
+SELECT ts_delete(to_tsvector('english', 'Rebel spaceships, striking from a hidden base'), 'spaceship');
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, 'base');
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, 'bas');
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, 'bases');
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, 'spaceship');
+SELECT ts_delete('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, 'spaceship');
+
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceship','rebel']);
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceships','rebel']);
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceshi','rebel']);
+SELECT ts_delete('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceship','leya','rebel']);
+SELECT ts_delete('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceship','leya','rebel']);
+SELECT ts_delete('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceship','leya','rebel','rebel']);
+SELECT ts_delete('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, ARRAY['spaceship','leya','rebel', '', NULL]);
+
+SELECT unnest('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector);
+SELECT unnest('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector);
+SELECT * FROM unnest('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector);
+SELECT * FROM unnest('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector);
+SELECT lexeme, positions[1] from unnest('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector);
+
+SELECT tsvector_to_array('base:7 hidden:6 rebel:1 spaceship:2,33A,34B,35C,36D strike:3'::tsvector);
+SELECT tsvector_to_array('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector);
+
+SELECT array_to_tsvector(ARRAY['base','hidden','rebel','spaceship','strike']);
+-- null and empty string are disallowed, since we mustn't make an empty lexeme
+SELECT array_to_tsvector(ARRAY['base','hidden','rebel','spaceship', NULL]);
+SELECT array_to_tsvector(ARRAY['base','hidden','rebel','spaceship', '']);
+-- array_to_tsvector must sort and de-dup
+SELECT array_to_tsvector(ARRAY['foo','bar','baz','bar']);
+
+SELECT setweight('w:12B w:13* w:12,5,6 a:1,3* a:3 w asd:1dc asd zxc:81,567,222A'::tsvector, 'c');
+SELECT setweight('a:1,3A asd:1C w:5,6,12B,13A zxc:81,222A,567'::tsvector, 'c');
+SELECT setweight('a:1,3A asd:1C w:5,6,12B,13A zxc:81,222A,567'::tsvector, 'c', '{a}');
+SELECT setweight('a:1,3A asd:1C w:5,6,12B,13A zxc:81,222A,567'::tsvector, 'c', '{a}');
+SELECT setweight('a:1,3A asd:1C w:5,6,12B,13A zxc:81,222A,567'::tsvector, 'c', '{a,zxc}');
+SELECT setweight('a asd w:5,6,12B,13A zxc'::tsvector, 'c', ARRAY['a', 'zxc', '', NULL]);
+
+SELECT ts_filter('base:7A empir:17 evil:15 first:11 galact:16 hidden:6A rebel:1A spaceship:2A strike:3A victori:12 won:9'::tsvector, '{a}');
+SELECT ts_filter('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, '{a}');
+SELECT ts_filter('base hidden rebel spaceship strike'::tsvector, '{a,b,NULL}');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tuplesort.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tuplesort.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..846484d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tuplesort.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+-- only use parallelism when explicitly intending to do so
+SET max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 0;
+SET max_parallel_workers = 0;
+
+-- A table with contents that, when sorted, triggers abbreviated
+-- key aborts. One easy way to achieve that is to use uuids that all
+-- have the same prefix, as abbreviated keys for uuids just use the
+-- first sizeof(Datum) bytes.
+CREATE TEMP TABLE abbrev_abort_uuids (
+    id serial not null,
+    abort_increasing uuid,
+    abort_decreasing uuid,
+    noabort_increasing uuid,
+    noabort_decreasing uuid);
+
+INSERT INTO abbrev_abort_uuids (abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing)
+    SELECT
+        ('00000000-0000-0000-0000-'||to_char(g.i, '000000000000FM'))::uuid abort_increasing,
+        ('00000000-0000-0000-0000-'||to_char(20000 - g.i, '000000000000FM'))::uuid abort_decreasing,
+        (to_char(g.i % 10009, '00000000FM')||'-0000-0000-0000-'||to_char(g.i, '000000000000FM'))::uuid noabort_increasing,
+        (to_char(((20000 - g.i) % 10009), '00000000FM')||'-0000-0000-0000-'||to_char(20000 - g.i, '000000000000FM'))::uuid noabort_decreasing
+    FROM generate_series(0, 20000, 1) g(i);
+
+-- and a few NULLs
+INSERT INTO abbrev_abort_uuids(id) VALUES(0);
+INSERT INTO abbrev_abort_uuids DEFAULT VALUES;
+INSERT INTO abbrev_abort_uuids DEFAULT VALUES;
+
+-- add just a few duplicates
+INSERT INTO abbrev_abort_uuids (abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing)
+    SELECT abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+    FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+    WHERE (id < 10 OR id > 19990) AND id % 3 = 0 AND abort_increasing is not null;
+
+----
+-- Check sort node uses of tuplesort wrt. abbreviated keys
+----
+
+-- plain sort triggering abbreviated abort
+SELECT abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_increasing OFFSET 20000 - 4;
+SELECT abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_decreasing NULLS FIRST OFFSET 20000 - 4;
+
+-- plain sort not triggering abbreviated abort
+SELECT noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_increasing OFFSET 20000 - 4;
+SELECT noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing NULLS FIRST OFFSET 20000 - 4;
+
+-- bounded sort (disables abbreviated keys)
+SELECT abort_increasing, noabort_increasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_increasing LIMIT 5;
+SELECT abort_increasing, noabort_increasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_increasing NULLS FIRST LIMIT 5;
+
+
+----
+-- Check index creation uses of tuplesort wrt. abbreviated keys
+----
+
+-- index creation using abbreviated keys successfully
+CREATE INDEX abbrev_abort_uuids__noabort_increasing_idx ON abbrev_abort_uuids (noabort_increasing);
+CREATE INDEX abbrev_abort_uuids__noabort_decreasing_idx ON abbrev_abort_uuids (noabort_decreasing);
+
+-- verify
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT id, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_increasing LIMIT 5;
+SELECT id, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_increasing LIMIT 5;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT id, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing LIMIT 5;
+SELECT id, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing LIMIT 5;
+
+-- index creation using abbreviated keys, hitting abort
+CREATE INDEX abbrev_abort_uuids__abort_increasing_idx ON abbrev_abort_uuids (abort_increasing);
+CREATE INDEX abbrev_abort_uuids__abort_decreasing_idx ON abbrev_abort_uuids (abort_decreasing);
+
+-- verify
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_increasing LIMIT 5;
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_increasing LIMIT 5;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_decreasing LIMIT 5;
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY abort_decreasing LIMIT 5;
+
+
+----
+-- Check CLUSTER uses of tuplesort wrt. abbreviated keys
+----
+
+-- when aborting, increasing order
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+CLUSTER abbrev_abort_uuids USING abbrev_abort_uuids__abort_increasing_idx;
+
+-- head
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid LIMIT 5;
+
+-- tail
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid DESC LIMIT 5;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- when aborting, decreasing order
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+CLUSTER abbrev_abort_uuids USING abbrev_abort_uuids__abort_decreasing_idx;
+
+-- head
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid LIMIT 5;
+
+-- tail
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid DESC LIMIT 5;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- when not aborting, increasing order
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+CLUSTER abbrev_abort_uuids USING abbrev_abort_uuids__noabort_increasing_idx;
+
+-- head
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid LIMIT 5;
+
+-- tail
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid DESC LIMIT 5;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- when no aborting, decreasing order
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+CLUSTER abbrev_abort_uuids USING abbrev_abort_uuids__noabort_decreasing_idx;
+
+-- head
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid LIMIT 5;
+
+-- tail
+SELECT id, abort_increasing, abort_decreasing, noabort_increasing, noabort_decreasing
+FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+ORDER BY ctid DESC LIMIT 5;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+----
+-- test forward and backward scans for in-memory and disk based tuplesort
+----
+
+-- in-memory
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+-- unfortunately can't show analyze output confirming sort method,
+-- the memory used output wouldn't be stable
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing;
+DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing;
+
+-- first and second
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+
+-- scroll beyond beginning
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+
+-- scroll beyond end end
+FETCH LAST FROM c;
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+-- disk based
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_indexscan = false;
+SET LOCAL work_mem = '100kB';
+-- unfortunately can't show analyze output confirming sort method,
+-- the memory used output wouldn't be stable
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing;
+DECLARE c SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT noabort_decreasing FROM abbrev_abort_uuids ORDER BY noabort_decreasing;
+
+-- first and second
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+
+-- scroll beyond beginning
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+
+-- scroll beyond end end
+FETCH LAST FROM c;
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+FETCH BACKWARD FROM c;
+FETCH NEXT FROM c;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+
+----
+-- test tuplesort using both in-memory and disk sort
+---
+
+-- memory based
+SELECT
+    -- fixed-width by-value datum
+    (array_agg(id ORDER BY id DESC NULLS FIRST))[0:5],
+    -- fixed-width by-ref datum
+    (array_agg(abort_increasing ORDER BY abort_increasing DESC NULLS LAST))[0:5],
+    -- variable-width datum
+    (array_agg(id::text ORDER BY id::text DESC NULLS LAST))[0:5],
+    -- fixed width by-value datum tuplesort
+    percentile_disc(0.99) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id),
+    -- ensure state is shared
+    percentile_disc(0.01) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id),
+    -- fixed width by-ref datum tuplesort
+    percentile_disc(0.8) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY abort_increasing),
+    -- variable width by-ref datum tuplesort
+    percentile_disc(0.2) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id::text),
+    -- multi-column tuplesort
+    rank('00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000', '2', '2') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY noabort_increasing, id, id::text)
+FROM (
+    SELECT * FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) s;
+
+-- disk based (see also above)
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL work_mem = '100kB';
+
+SELECT
+    (array_agg(id ORDER BY id DESC NULLS FIRST))[0:5],
+    (array_agg(abort_increasing ORDER BY abort_increasing DESC NULLS LAST))[0:5],
+    (array_agg(id::text ORDER BY id::text DESC NULLS LAST))[0:5],
+    percentile_disc(0.99) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id),
+    percentile_disc(0.01) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id),
+    percentile_disc(0.8) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY abort_increasing),
+    percentile_disc(0.2) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY id::text),
+    rank('00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000', '2', '2') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY noabort_increasing, id, id::text)
+FROM (
+    SELECT * FROM abbrev_abort_uuids
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) s;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+
+----
+-- test tuplesort mark/restore
+---
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE test_mark_restore(col1 int, col2 int, col12 int);
+-- need a few duplicates for mark/restore to matter
+INSERT INTO test_mark_restore(col1, col2, col12)
+   SELECT a.i, b.i, a.i * b.i FROM generate_series(1, 500) a(i), generate_series(1, 5) b(i);
+
+BEGIN;
+
+SET LOCAL enable_nestloop = off;
+SET LOCAL enable_hashjoin = off;
+SET LOCAL enable_material = off;
+
+-- set query into variable once, to avoid repetition of the fairly long query
+SELECT $$
+    SELECT col12, count(distinct a.col1), count(distinct a.col2), count(distinct b.col1), count(distinct b.col2), count(*)
+    FROM test_mark_restore a
+        JOIN test_mark_restore b USING(col12)
+    GROUP BY 1
+    HAVING count(*) > 1
+    ORDER BY 2 DESC, 1 DESC, 3 DESC, 4 DESC, 5 DESC, 6 DESC
+    LIMIT 10
+$$ AS qry \gset
+
+-- test mark/restore with in-memory sorts
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) :qry;
+:qry;
+
+-- test mark/restore with on-disk sorts
+SET LOCAL work_mem = '100kB';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) :qry;
+:qry;
+
+COMMIT;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/txid.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/txid.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d5ac98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/txid.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+-- txid_snapshot data type and related functions
+-- Note: these are backward-compatibility functions and types, and have been
+-- replaced by new xid8-based variants.  See xid.sql.  The txid variants will
+-- be removed in a future release.
+
+-- i/o
+select '12:13:'::txid_snapshot;
+select '12:18:14,16'::txid_snapshot;
+select '12:16:14,14'::txid_snapshot;
+
+-- errors
+select '31:12:'::txid_snapshot;
+select '0:1:'::txid_snapshot;
+select '12:13:0'::txid_snapshot;
+select '12:16:14,13'::txid_snapshot;
+
+create temp table snapshot_test (
+	nr	integer,
+	snap	txid_snapshot
+);
+
+insert into snapshot_test values (1, '12:13:');
+insert into snapshot_test values (2, '12:20:13,15,18');
+insert into snapshot_test values (3, '100001:100009:100005,100007,100008');
+insert into snapshot_test values (4, '100:150:101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131');
+select snap from snapshot_test order by nr;
+
+select  txid_snapshot_xmin(snap),
+	txid_snapshot_xmax(snap),
+	txid_snapshot_xip(snap)
+from snapshot_test order by nr;
+
+select id, txid_visible_in_snapshot(id, snap)
+from snapshot_test, generate_series(11, 21) id
+where nr = 2;
+
+-- test bsearch
+select id, txid_visible_in_snapshot(id, snap)
+from snapshot_test, generate_series(90, 160) id
+where nr = 4;
+
+-- test current values also
+select txid_current() >= txid_snapshot_xmin(txid_current_snapshot());
+
+-- we can't assume current is always less than xmax, however
+
+select txid_visible_in_snapshot(txid_current(), txid_current_snapshot());
+
+-- test 64bitness
+
+select txid_snapshot '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013';
+select txid_visible_in_snapshot('1000100010001012', '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013');
+select txid_visible_in_snapshot('1000100010001015', '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013');
+
+-- test 64bit overflow
+SELECT txid_snapshot '1:9223372036854775807:3';
+SELECT txid_snapshot '1:9223372036854775808:3';
+
+-- test txid_current_if_assigned
+BEGIN;
+SELECT txid_current_if_assigned() IS NULL;
+SELECT txid_current() \gset
+SELECT txid_current_if_assigned() IS NOT DISTINCT FROM BIGINT :'txid_current';
+COMMIT;
+
+-- test xid status functions
+BEGIN;
+SELECT txid_current() AS committed \gset
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+SELECT txid_current() AS rolledback \gset
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+SELECT txid_current() AS inprogress \gset
+
+SELECT txid_status(:committed) AS committed;
+SELECT txid_status(:rolledback) AS rolledback;
+SELECT txid_status(:inprogress) AS inprogress;
+SELECT txid_status(1); -- BootstrapTransactionId is always committed
+SELECT txid_status(2); -- FrozenTransactionId is always committed
+SELECT txid_status(3); -- in regress testing FirstNormalTransactionId will always be behind oldestXmin
+
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION test_future_xid_status(bigint)
+RETURNS void
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  PERFORM txid_status($1);
+  RAISE EXCEPTION 'didn''t ERROR at xid in the future as expected';
+EXCEPTION
+  WHEN invalid_parameter_value THEN
+    RAISE NOTICE 'Got expected error for xid in the future';
+END;
+$$;
+SELECT test_future_xid_status(:inprogress + 10000);
+ROLLBACK;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/type_sanity.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/type_sanity.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5edc1f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/type_sanity.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+--
+-- TYPE_SANITY
+-- Sanity checks for common errors in making type-related system tables:
+-- pg_type, pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_range.
+--
+-- None of the SELECTs here should ever find any matching entries,
+-- so the expected output is easy to maintain ;-).
+-- A test failure indicates someone messed up an entry in the system tables.
+--
+-- NB: we assume the oidjoins test will have caught any dangling links,
+-- that is OID or REGPROC fields that are not zero and do not match some
+-- row in the linked-to table.  However, if we want to enforce that a link
+-- field can't be 0, we have to check it here.
+
+-- **************** pg_type ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_type fields.
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE t1.typnamespace = 0 OR
+    (t1.typlen <= 0 AND t1.typlen != -1 AND t1.typlen != -2) OR
+    (t1.typtype not in ('b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'm', 'p', 'r')) OR
+    NOT t1.typisdefined OR
+    (t1.typalign not in ('c', 's', 'i', 'd')) OR
+    (t1.typstorage not in ('p', 'x', 'e', 'm'));
+
+-- Look for "pass by value" types that can't be passed by value.
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE t1.typbyval AND
+    (t1.typlen != 1 OR t1.typalign != 'c') AND
+    (t1.typlen != 2 OR t1.typalign != 's') AND
+    (t1.typlen != 4 OR t1.typalign != 'i') AND
+    (t1.typlen != 8 OR t1.typalign != 'd');
+
+-- Look for "toastable" types that aren't varlena.
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE t1.typstorage != 'p' AND
+    (t1.typbyval OR t1.typlen != -1);
+
+-- Look for complex types that do not have a typrelid entry,
+-- or basic types that do.
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE (t1.typtype = 'c' AND t1.typrelid = 0) OR
+    (t1.typtype != 'c' AND t1.typrelid != 0);
+
+-- Look for types that should have an array type but don't.
+-- Generally anything that's not a pseudotype should have an array type.
+-- However, we do have a small number of exceptions.
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE t1.typtype not in ('p') AND t1.typname NOT LIKE E'\\_%'
+    AND NOT EXISTS
+    (SELECT 1 FROM pg_type as t2
+     WHERE t2.typname = ('_' || t1.typname)::name AND
+           t2.typelem = t1.oid and t1.typarray = t2.oid)
+ORDER BY t1.oid;
+
+-- Make sure typarray points to a "true" array type of our own base
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname as basetype, t2.typname as arraytype,
+       t2.typsubscript
+FROM   pg_type t1 LEFT JOIN pg_type t2 ON (t1.typarray = t2.oid)
+WHERE  t1.typarray <> 0 AND
+       (t2.oid IS NULL OR
+        t2.typsubscript <> 'array_subscript_handler'::regproc);
+
+-- Look for range types that do not have a pg_range entry
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE t1.typtype = 'r' AND
+   NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_range r WHERE rngtypid = t1.oid);
+
+-- Look for range types whose typalign isn't sufficient
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t1.typalign, t2.typname, t2.typalign
+FROM pg_type as t1
+     LEFT JOIN pg_range as r ON rngtypid = t1.oid
+     LEFT JOIN pg_type as t2 ON rngsubtype = t2.oid
+WHERE t1.typtype = 'r' AND
+    (t1.typalign != (CASE WHEN t2.typalign = 'd' THEN 'd'::"char"
+                          ELSE 'i'::"char" END)
+     OR t2.oid IS NULL);
+
+-- Text conversion routines must be provided.
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_type as t1
+WHERE (t1.typinput = 0 OR t1.typoutput = 0);
+
+-- Check for bogus typinput routines
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typinput = p1.oid AND NOT
+    ((p1.pronargs = 1 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'cstring'::regtype) OR
+     (p1.pronargs = 2 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'cstring'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[1] = 'oid'::regtype) OR
+     (p1.pronargs = 3 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'cstring'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[1] = 'oid'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[2] = 'int4'::regtype));
+
+-- Check for type of the variadic array parameter's elements.
+-- provariadic should be ANYOID if the type of the last element is ANYOID,
+-- ANYELEMENTOID if the type of the last element is ANYARRAYOID,
+-- ANYCOMPATIBLEOID if the type of the last element is ANYCOMPATIBLEARRAYOID,
+-- and otherwise the element type corresponding to the array type.
+
+SELECT oid::regprocedure, provariadic::regtype, proargtypes::regtype[]
+FROM pg_proc
+WHERE provariadic != 0
+AND case proargtypes[array_length(proargtypes, 1)-1]
+	WHEN '"any"'::regtype THEN '"any"'::regtype
+	WHEN 'anyarray'::regtype THEN 'anyelement'::regtype
+	WHEN 'anycompatiblearray'::regtype THEN 'anycompatible'::regtype
+	ELSE (SELECT t.oid
+		  FROM pg_type t
+		  WHERE t.typarray = proargtypes[array_length(proargtypes, 1)-1])
+	END  != provariadic;
+
+-- Check that all and only those functions with a variadic type have
+-- a variadic argument.
+SELECT oid::regprocedure, proargmodes, provariadic
+FROM pg_proc
+WHERE (proargmodes IS NOT NULL AND 'v' = any(proargmodes))
+    IS DISTINCT FROM
+    (provariadic != 0);
+
+-- As of 8.0, this check finds refcursor, which is borrowing
+-- other types' I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typinput = p1.oid AND t1.typtype in ('b', 'p') AND NOT
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen < 0) AND NOT
+    (p1.prorettype = t1.oid AND NOT p1.proretset)
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Varlena array types will point to array_in
+-- Exception as of 8.1: int2vector and oidvector have their own I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typinput = p1.oid AND
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen < 0) AND NOT
+    (p1.oid = 'array_in'::regproc)
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- typinput routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typinput = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+
+-- Composites, domains, enums, multiranges, ranges should all use the same input routines
+SELECT DISTINCT typtype, typinput
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typtype not in ('b', 'p')
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Check for bogus typoutput routines
+
+-- As of 8.0, this check finds refcursor, which is borrowing
+-- other types' I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typoutput = p1.oid AND t1.typtype in ('b', 'p') AND NOT
+    (p1.pronargs = 1 AND
+     (p1.proargtypes[0] = t1.oid OR
+      (p1.oid = 'array_out'::regproc AND
+       t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen = -1)))
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typoutput = p1.oid AND NOT
+    (p1.prorettype = 'cstring'::regtype AND NOT p1.proretset);
+
+-- typoutput routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typoutput = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+
+-- Composites, enums, multiranges, ranges should all use the same output routines
+SELECT DISTINCT typtype, typoutput
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typtype not in ('b', 'd', 'p')
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Domains should have same typoutput as their base types
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t2.oid, t2.typname
+FROM pg_type AS t1 LEFT JOIN pg_type AS t2 ON t1.typbasetype = t2.oid
+WHERE t1.typtype = 'd' AND t1.typoutput IS DISTINCT FROM t2.typoutput;
+
+-- Check for bogus typreceive routines
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typreceive = p1.oid AND NOT
+    ((p1.pronargs = 1 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype) OR
+     (p1.pronargs = 2 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[1] = 'oid'::regtype) OR
+     (p1.pronargs = 3 AND p1.proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[1] = 'oid'::regtype AND
+      p1.proargtypes[2] = 'int4'::regtype));
+
+-- As of 7.4, this check finds refcursor, which is borrowing
+-- other types' I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typreceive = p1.oid AND t1.typtype in ('b', 'p') AND NOT
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen < 0) AND NOT
+    (p1.prorettype = t1.oid AND NOT p1.proretset)
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Varlena array types will point to array_recv
+-- Exception as of 8.1: int2vector and oidvector have their own I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typreceive = p1.oid AND
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen < 0) AND NOT
+    (p1.oid = 'array_recv'::regproc)
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Suspicious if typreceive doesn't take same number of args as typinput
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname, p2.oid, p2.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1, pg_proc AS p2
+WHERE t1.typinput = p1.oid AND t1.typreceive = p2.oid AND
+    p1.pronargs != p2.pronargs;
+
+-- typreceive routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typreceive = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+
+-- Composites, domains, enums, multiranges, ranges should all use the same receive routines
+SELECT DISTINCT typtype, typreceive
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typtype not in ('b', 'p')
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Check for bogus typsend routines
+
+-- As of 7.4, this check finds refcursor, which is borrowing
+-- other types' I/O routines
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typsend = p1.oid AND t1.typtype in ('b', 'p') AND NOT
+    (p1.pronargs = 1 AND
+     (p1.proargtypes[0] = t1.oid OR
+      (p1.oid = 'array_send'::regproc AND
+       t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen = -1)))
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typsend = p1.oid AND NOT
+    (p1.prorettype = 'bytea'::regtype AND NOT p1.proretset);
+
+-- typsend routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typsend = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+
+-- Composites, enums, multiranges, ranges should all use the same send routines
+SELECT DISTINCT typtype, typsend
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typtype not in ('b', 'd', 'p')
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Domains should have same typsend as their base types
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t2.oid, t2.typname
+FROM pg_type AS t1 LEFT JOIN pg_type AS t2 ON t1.typbasetype = t2.oid
+WHERE t1.typtype = 'd' AND t1.typsend IS DISTINCT FROM t2.typsend;
+
+-- Check for bogus typmodin routines
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typmodin = p1.oid AND NOT
+    (p1.pronargs = 1 AND
+     p1.proargtypes[0] = 'cstring[]'::regtype AND
+     p1.prorettype = 'int4'::regtype AND NOT p1.proretset);
+
+-- typmodin routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typmodin = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+
+-- Check for bogus typmodout routines
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typmodout = p1.oid AND NOT
+    (p1.pronargs = 1 AND
+     p1.proargtypes[0] = 'int4'::regtype AND
+     p1.prorettype = 'cstring'::regtype AND NOT p1.proretset);
+
+-- typmodout routines should not be volatile
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typmodout = p1.oid AND p1.provolatile NOT IN ('i', 's');
+
+-- Array types should have same typmodin/out as their element types
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t2.oid, t2.typname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_type AS t2
+WHERE t1.typelem = t2.oid AND NOT
+    (t1.typmodin = t2.typmodin AND t1.typmodout = t2.typmodout);
+
+-- Array types should have same typdelim as their element types
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t2.oid, t2.typname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_type AS t2
+WHERE t1.typarray = t2.oid AND NOT (t1.typdelim = t2.typdelim);
+
+-- Look for array types whose typalign isn't sufficient
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t1.typalign, t2.typname, t2.typalign
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_type AS t2
+WHERE t1.typarray = t2.oid AND
+    t2.typalign != (CASE WHEN t1.typalign = 'd' THEN 'd'::"char"
+                         ELSE 'i'::"char" END);
+
+-- Check for typelem set without a handler
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, t1.typelem
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typsubscript = 0;
+
+-- Check for misuse of standard subscript handlers
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname,
+       t1.typelem, t1.typlen, t1.typbyval
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typsubscript = 'array_subscript_handler'::regproc AND NOT
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen = -1 AND NOT t1.typbyval);
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname,
+       t1.typelem, t1.typlen, t1.typbyval
+FROM pg_type AS t1
+WHERE t1.typsubscript = 'raw_array_subscript_handler'::regproc AND NOT
+    (t1.typelem != 0 AND t1.typlen > 0 AND NOT t1.typbyval);
+
+-- Check for bogus typanalyze routines
+
+SELECT t1.oid, t1.typname, p1.oid, p1.proname
+FROM pg_type AS t1, pg_proc AS p1
+WHERE t1.typanalyze = p1.oid AND NOT
+    (p1.pronargs = 1 AND
+     p1.proargtypes[0] = 'internal'::regtype AND
+     p1.prorettype = 'bool'::regtype AND NOT p1.proretset);
+
+-- there does not seem to be a reason to care about volatility of typanalyze
+
+-- domains inherit their base type's typanalyze
+
+SELECT d.oid, d.typname, d.typanalyze, t.oid, t.typname, t.typanalyze
+FROM pg_type d JOIN pg_type t ON d.typbasetype = t.oid
+WHERE d.typanalyze != t.typanalyze;
+
+-- range_typanalyze should be used for all and only range types
+-- (but exclude domains, which we checked above)
+
+SELECT t.oid, t.typname, t.typanalyze
+FROM pg_type t LEFT JOIN pg_range r on t.oid = r.rngtypid
+WHERE t.typbasetype = 0 AND
+    (t.typanalyze = 'range_typanalyze'::regproc) != (r.rngtypid IS NOT NULL);
+
+-- array_typanalyze should be used for all and only array types
+-- (but exclude domains, which we checked above)
+-- As of 9.2 this finds int2vector and oidvector, which are weird anyway
+
+SELECT t.oid, t.typname, t.typanalyze
+FROM pg_type t
+WHERE t.typbasetype = 0 AND
+    (t.typanalyze = 'array_typanalyze'::regproc) !=
+    (t.typsubscript = 'array_subscript_handler'::regproc)
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- **************** pg_class ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_class fields
+
+SELECT c1.oid, c1.relname
+FROM pg_class as c1
+WHERE relkind NOT IN ('r', 'i', 'S', 't', 'v', 'm', 'c', 'f', 'p') OR
+    relpersistence NOT IN ('p', 'u', 't') OR
+    relreplident NOT IN ('d', 'n', 'f', 'i');
+
+-- All tables and indexes should have an access method.
+SELECT c1.oid, c1.relname
+FROM pg_class as c1
+WHERE c1.relkind NOT IN ('S', 'v', 'f', 'c') and
+    c1.relam = 0;
+
+-- Conversely, sequences, views, types shouldn't have them
+SELECT c1.oid, c1.relname
+FROM pg_class as c1
+WHERE c1.relkind IN ('S', 'v', 'f', 'c') and
+    c1.relam != 0;
+
+-- Indexes should have AMs of type 'i'
+SELECT pc.oid, pc.relname, pa.amname, pa.amtype
+FROM pg_class as pc JOIN pg_am AS pa ON (pc.relam = pa.oid)
+WHERE pc.relkind IN ('i') and
+    pa.amtype != 'i';
+
+-- Tables, matviews etc should have AMs of type 't'
+SELECT pc.oid, pc.relname, pa.amname, pa.amtype
+FROM pg_class as pc JOIN pg_am AS pa ON (pc.relam = pa.oid)
+WHERE pc.relkind IN ('r', 't', 'm') and
+    pa.amtype != 't';
+
+-- **************** pg_attribute ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_attribute fields
+
+SELECT a1.attrelid, a1.attname
+FROM pg_attribute as a1
+WHERE a1.attrelid = 0 OR a1.atttypid = 0 OR a1.attnum = 0 OR
+    a1.attcacheoff != -1 OR a1.attinhcount < 0 OR
+    (a1.attinhcount = 0 AND NOT a1.attislocal);
+
+-- Cross-check attnum against parent relation
+
+SELECT a1.attrelid, a1.attname, c1.oid, c1.relname
+FROM pg_attribute AS a1, pg_class AS c1
+WHERE a1.attrelid = c1.oid AND a1.attnum > c1.relnatts;
+
+-- Detect missing pg_attribute entries: should have as many non-system
+-- attributes as parent relation expects
+
+SELECT c1.oid, c1.relname
+FROM pg_class AS c1
+WHERE c1.relnatts != (SELECT count(*) FROM pg_attribute AS a1
+                      WHERE a1.attrelid = c1.oid AND a1.attnum > 0);
+
+-- Cross-check against pg_type entry
+-- NOTE: we allow attstorage to be 'plain' even when typstorage is not;
+-- this is mainly for toast tables.
+
+SELECT a1.attrelid, a1.attname, t1.oid, t1.typname
+FROM pg_attribute AS a1, pg_type AS t1
+WHERE a1.atttypid = t1.oid AND
+    (a1.attlen != t1.typlen OR
+     a1.attalign != t1.typalign OR
+     a1.attbyval != t1.typbyval OR
+     (a1.attstorage != t1.typstorage AND a1.attstorage != 'p'));
+
+-- **************** pg_range ****************
+
+-- Look for illegal values in pg_range fields.
+
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype
+FROM pg_range as r
+WHERE r.rngtypid = 0 OR r.rngsubtype = 0 OR r.rngsubopc = 0;
+
+-- rngcollation should be specified iff subtype is collatable
+
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype, r.rngcollation, t.typcollation
+FROM pg_range r JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = r.rngsubtype
+WHERE (rngcollation = 0) != (typcollation = 0);
+
+-- opclass had better be a btree opclass accepting the subtype.
+-- We must allow anyarray matches, cf IsBinaryCoercible()
+
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype, o.opcmethod, o.opcname
+FROM pg_range r JOIN pg_opclass o ON o.oid = r.rngsubopc
+WHERE o.opcmethod != 403 OR
+    ((o.opcintype != r.rngsubtype) AND NOT
+     (o.opcintype = 'pg_catalog.anyarray'::regtype AND
+      EXISTS(select 1 from pg_catalog.pg_type where
+             oid = r.rngsubtype and typelem != 0 and
+             typsubscript = 'array_subscript_handler'::regproc)));
+
+-- canonical function, if any, had better match the range type
+
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype, p.proname
+FROM pg_range r JOIN pg_proc p ON p.oid = r.rngcanonical
+WHERE pronargs != 1 OR proargtypes[0] != rngtypid OR prorettype != rngtypid;
+
+-- subdiff function, if any, had better match the subtype
+
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype, p.proname
+FROM pg_range r JOIN pg_proc p ON p.oid = r.rngsubdiff
+WHERE pronargs != 2
+    OR proargtypes[0] != rngsubtype OR proargtypes[1] != rngsubtype
+    OR prorettype != 'pg_catalog.float8'::regtype;
+
+-- every range should have a valid multirange
+
+SELECT r.rngtypid, r.rngsubtype, r.rngmultitypid
+FROM pg_range r
+WHERE r.rngmultitypid IS NULL OR r.rngmultitypid = 0;
+
+-- Create a table that holds all the known in-core data types and leave it
+-- around so as pg_upgrade is able to test their binary compatibility.
+CREATE TABLE tab_core_types AS SELECT
+  '(11,12)'::point,
+  '(1,1),(2,2)'::line,
+  '((11,11),(12,12))'::lseg,
+  '((11,11),(13,13))'::box,
+  '((11,12),(13,13),(14,14))'::path AS openedpath,
+  '[(11,12),(13,13),(14,14)]'::path AS closedpath,
+  '((11,12),(13,13),(14,14))'::polygon,
+  '1,1,1'::circle,
+  'today'::date,
+  'now'::time,
+  'now'::timestamp,
+  'now'::timetz,
+  'now'::timestamptz,
+  '12 seconds'::interval,
+  '{"reason":"because"}'::json,
+  '{"when":"now"}'::jsonb,
+  '$.a[*] ? (@ > 2)'::jsonpath,
+  '127.0.0.1'::inet,
+  '127.0.0.0/8'::cidr,
+  '00:01:03:86:1c:ba'::macaddr8,
+  '00:01:03:86:1c:ba'::macaddr,
+  2::int2, 4::int4, 8::int8,
+  4::float4, '8'::float8, pi()::numeric,
+  'foo'::"char",
+  'c'::bpchar,
+  'abc'::varchar,
+  'name'::name,
+  'txt'::text,
+  true::bool,
+  E'\\xDEADBEEF'::bytea,
+  B'10001'::bit,
+  B'10001'::varbit AS varbit,
+  '12.34'::money,
+  'abc'::refcursor,
+  '1 2'::int2vector,
+  '1 2'::oidvector,
+  format('%I=UC/%I', USER, USER)::aclitem AS aclitem,
+  'a fat cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat'::tsvector,
+  'fat & rat'::tsquery,
+  'a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11'::uuid,
+  '11'::xid8,
+  'pg_class'::regclass,
+  'regtype'::regtype type,
+  'pg_monitor'::regrole,
+  'pg_class'::regclass::oid,
+  '(1,1)'::tid, '2'::xid, '3'::cid,
+  '10:20:10,14,15'::txid_snapshot,
+  '10:20:10,14,15'::pg_snapshot,
+  '16/B374D848'::pg_lsn,
+  1::information_schema.cardinal_number,
+  'l'::information_schema.character_data,
+  'n'::information_schema.sql_identifier,
+  'now'::information_schema.time_stamp,
+  'YES'::information_schema.yes_or_no,
+  '(1,2)'::int4range, '{(1,2)}'::int4multirange,
+  '(3,4)'::int8range, '{(3,4)}'::int8multirange,
+  '(3,4)'::numrange, '{(3,4)}'::nummultirange,
+  '(2020-01-02, 2021-02-03)'::daterange,
+  '{(2020-01-02, 2021-02-03)}'::datemultirange,
+  '(2020-01-02 03:04:05, 2021-02-03 06:07:08)'::tsrange,
+  '{(2020-01-02 03:04:05, 2021-02-03 06:07:08)}'::tsmultirange,
+  '(2020-01-02 03:04:05, 2021-02-03 06:07:08)'::tstzrange,
+  '{(2020-01-02 03:04:05, 2021-02-03 06:07:08)}'::tstzmultirange;
+
+-- Sanity check on the previous table, checking that all core types are
+-- included in this table.
+SELECT oid, typname, typtype, typelem, typarray
+  FROM pg_type t
+  WHERE oid < 16384 AND
+    -- Exclude pseudotypes and composite types.
+    typtype NOT IN ('p', 'c') AND
+    -- These reg* types cannot be pg_upgraded, so discard them.
+    oid != ALL(ARRAY['regproc', 'regprocedure', 'regoper',
+                     'regoperator', 'regconfig', 'regdictionary',
+                     'regnamespace', 'regcollation']::regtype[]) AND
+    -- Discard types that do not accept input values as these cannot be
+    -- tested easily.
+    -- Note: XML might be disabled at compile-time.
+    oid != ALL(ARRAY['gtsvector', 'pg_node_tree',
+                     'pg_ndistinct', 'pg_dependencies', 'pg_mcv_list',
+                     'pg_brin_bloom_summary',
+                     'pg_brin_minmax_multi_summary', 'xml']::regtype[]) AND
+    -- Discard arrays.
+    NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_type u WHERE u.typarray = t.oid)
+    -- Exclude everything from the table created above.  This checks
+    -- that no in-core types are missing in tab_core_types.
+    AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1
+                    FROM pg_attribute a
+                    WHERE a.atttypid=t.oid AND
+                          a.attnum > 0 AND
+                          a.attrelid='tab_core_types'::regclass);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/typed_table.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/typed_table.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ef0cdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/typed_table.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+CREATE TABLE ttable1 OF nothing;
+
+CREATE TYPE person_type AS (id int, name text);
+CREATE TABLE persons OF person_type;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS persons OF person_type;
+SELECT * FROM persons;
+\d persons
+
+CREATE FUNCTION get_all_persons() RETURNS SETOF person_type
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+    SELECT * FROM persons;
+$$;
+
+SELECT * FROM get_all_persons();
+
+-- certain ALTER TABLE operations on typed tables are not allowed
+ALTER TABLE persons ADD COLUMN comment text;
+ALTER TABLE persons DROP COLUMN name;
+ALTER TABLE persons RENAME COLUMN id TO num;
+ALTER TABLE persons ALTER COLUMN name TYPE varchar;
+CREATE TABLE stuff (id int);
+ALTER TABLE persons INHERIT stuff;
+
+CREATE TABLE personsx OF person_type (myname WITH OPTIONS NOT NULL); -- error
+
+CREATE TABLE persons2 OF person_type (
+    id WITH OPTIONS PRIMARY KEY,
+    UNIQUE (name)
+);
+
+\d persons2
+
+CREATE TABLE persons3 OF person_type (
+    PRIMARY KEY (id),
+    name WITH OPTIONS DEFAULT ''
+);
+
+\d persons3
+
+CREATE TABLE persons4 OF person_type (
+    name WITH OPTIONS NOT NULL,
+    name WITH OPTIONS DEFAULT ''  -- error, specified more than once
+);
+
+DROP TYPE person_type RESTRICT;
+DROP TYPE person_type CASCADE;
+
+CREATE TABLE persons5 OF stuff; -- only CREATE TYPE AS types may be used
+
+DROP TABLE stuff;
+
+
+-- implicit casting
+
+CREATE TYPE person_type AS (id int, name text);
+CREATE TABLE persons OF person_type;
+INSERT INTO persons VALUES (1, 'test');
+
+CREATE FUNCTION namelen(person_type) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL AS $$ SELECT length($1.name) $$;
+SELECT id, namelen(persons) FROM persons;
+
+CREATE TABLE persons2 OF person_type (
+    id WITH OPTIONS PRIMARY KEY,
+    UNIQUE (name)
+);
+
+\d persons2
+
+CREATE TABLE persons3 OF person_type (
+    PRIMARY KEY (id),
+    name NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
+);
+
+\d persons3
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/unicode.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/unicode.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63cd523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/unicode.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+SELECT getdatabaseencoding() <> 'UTF8' AS skip_test \gset
+\if :skip_test
+\quit
+\endif
+
+SELECT U&'\0061\0308bc' <> U&'\00E4bc' COLLATE "C" AS sanity_check;
+
+SELECT normalize('');
+SELECT normalize(U&'\0061\0308\24D1c') = U&'\00E4\24D1c' COLLATE "C" AS test_default;
+SELECT normalize(U&'\0061\0308\24D1c', NFC) = U&'\00E4\24D1c' COLLATE "C" AS test_nfc;
+SELECT normalize(U&'\00E4bc', NFC) = U&'\00E4bc' COLLATE "C" AS test_nfc_idem;
+SELECT normalize(U&'\00E4\24D1c', NFD) = U&'\0061\0308\24D1c' COLLATE "C" AS test_nfd;
+SELECT normalize(U&'\0061\0308\24D1c', NFKC) = U&'\00E4bc' COLLATE "C" AS test_nfkc;
+SELECT normalize(U&'\00E4\24D1c', NFKD) = U&'\0061\0308bc' COLLATE "C" AS test_nfkd;
+
+SELECT "normalize"('abc', 'def');  -- run-time error
+
+SELECT U&'\00E4\24D1c' IS NORMALIZED AS test_default;
+SELECT U&'\00E4\24D1c' IS NFC NORMALIZED AS test_nfc;
+
+SELECT num, val,
+    val IS NFC NORMALIZED AS NFC,
+    val IS NFD NORMALIZED AS NFD,
+    val IS NFKC NORMALIZED AS NFKC,
+    val IS NFKD NORMALIZED AS NFKD
+FROM
+  (VALUES (1, U&'\00E4bc'),
+          (2, U&'\0061\0308bc'),
+          (3, U&'\00E4\24D1c'),
+          (4, U&'\0061\0308\24D1c'),
+          (5, '')) vals (num, val)
+ORDER BY num;
+
+SELECT is_normalized('abc', 'def');  -- run-time error
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/union.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/union.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca8c9b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/union.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+--
+-- UNION (also INTERSECT, EXCEPT)
+--
+
+-- Simple UNION constructs
+
+SELECT 1 AS two UNION SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1 AS one UNION SELECT 1 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1 AS two UNION ALL SELECT 2;
+
+SELECT 1 AS two UNION ALL SELECT 1;
+
+SELECT 1 AS three UNION SELECT 2 UNION SELECT 3 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1 AS two UNION SELECT 2 UNION SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1 AS three UNION SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1.1 AS two UNION SELECT 2.2 ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Mixed types
+
+SELECT 1.1 AS two UNION SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1 AS two UNION SELECT 2.2 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1 AS one UNION SELECT 1.0::float8 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1.1 AS two UNION ALL SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1.0::float8 AS two UNION ALL SELECT 1 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1.1 AS three UNION SELECT 2 UNION SELECT 3 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1.1::float8 AS two UNION SELECT 2 UNION SELECT 2.0::float8 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1.1 AS three UNION SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 2 ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT 1.1 AS two UNION (SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 2) ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- Try testing from tables...
+--
+
+SELECT f1 AS five FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT f1 FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT f1 AS ten FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+UNION ALL
+SELECT f1 FROM FLOAT8_TBL;
+
+SELECT f1 AS nine FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT f1 FROM INT4_TBL
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT f1 AS ten FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+UNION ALL
+SELECT f1 FROM INT4_TBL;
+
+SELECT f1 AS five FROM FLOAT8_TBL
+  WHERE f1 BETWEEN -1e6 AND 1e6
+UNION
+SELECT f1 FROM INT4_TBL
+  WHERE f1 BETWEEN 0 AND 1000000
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(4)) AS three FROM VARCHAR_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT f1 FROM CHAR_TBL
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT f1 AS three FROM VARCHAR_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) FROM CHAR_TBL
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT f1 AS eight FROM VARCHAR_TBL
+UNION ALL
+SELECT f1 FROM CHAR_TBL;
+
+SELECT f1 AS five FROM TEXT_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT f1 FROM VARCHAR_TBL
+UNION
+SELECT TRIM(TRAILING FROM f1) FROM CHAR_TBL
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- INTERSECT and EXCEPT
+--
+
+SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl INTERSECT SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl INTERSECT ALL SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT ALL SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT ALL SELECT DISTINCT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT ALL SELECT DISTINCT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT ALL SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl FOR NO KEY UPDATE;
+
+-- nested cases
+(SELECT 1,2,3 UNION SELECT 4,5,6) INTERSECT SELECT 4,5,6;
+(SELECT 1,2,3 UNION SELECT 4,5,6 ORDER BY 1,2) INTERSECT SELECT 4,5,6;
+(SELECT 1,2,3 UNION SELECT 4,5,6) EXCEPT SELECT 4,5,6;
+(SELECT 1,2,3 UNION SELECT 4,5,6 ORDER BY 1,2) EXCEPT SELECT 4,5,6;
+
+-- exercise both hashed and sorted implementations of UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT
+
+set enable_hashagg to on;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 intersect select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 intersect select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1 except select unique2 from tenk1 where unique2 != 10;
+select unique1 from tenk1 except select unique2 from tenk1 where unique2 != 10;
+
+set enable_hashagg to off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 intersect select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+select count(*) from
+  ( select unique1 from tenk1 intersect select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select unique1 from tenk1 except select unique2 from tenk1 where unique2 != 10;
+select unique1 from tenk1 except select unique2 from tenk1 where unique2 != 10;
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+
+-- non-hashable type
+set enable_hashagg to on;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (100::money), (200::money)) _(x) union select x from (values (100::money), (300::money)) _(x);
+
+set enable_hashagg to off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (100::money), (200::money)) _(x) union select x from (values (100::money), (300::money)) _(x);
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+
+-- arrays
+set enable_hashagg to on;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+
+-- non-hashable type
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[200::money])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[300::money])) _(x);
+select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[200::money])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[300::money])) _(x);
+
+set enable_hashagg to off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+
+-- records
+set enable_hashagg to on;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+
+-- non-hashable type
+
+-- With an anonymous row type, the typcache does not report that the
+-- type is hashable.  (Otherwise, this would fail at execution time.)
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(200::money))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(300::money))) _(x);
+select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(200::money))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(300::money))) _(x);
+
+-- With a defined row type, the typcache can inspect the type's fields
+-- for hashability.
+create type ct1 as (f1 money);
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(100::money)::ct1), (row(200::money)::ct1)) _(x) union select x from (values (row(100::money)::ct1), (row(300::money)::ct1)) _(x);
+select x from (values (row(100::money)::ct1), (row(200::money)::ct1)) _(x) union select x from (values (row(100::money)::ct1), (row(300::money)::ct1)) _(x);
+drop type ct1;
+
+set enable_hashagg to off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+explain (costs off)
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+
+--
+-- Mixed types
+--
+
+SELECT f1 FROM float8_tbl INTERSECT SELECT f1 FROM int4_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT f1 FROM float8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT f1 FROM int4_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- Operator precedence and (((((extra))))) parentheses
+--
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl INTERSECT SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl UNION ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl  ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl INTERSECT (((SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl UNION ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl))) ORDER BY 1;
+
+(((SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl INTERSECT SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1))) UNION ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl;
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl UNION ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl UNION ALL (((SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1)));
+
+(((SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl UNION ALL SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl))) EXCEPT SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- Subqueries with ORDER BY & LIMIT clauses
+--
+
+-- In this syntax, ORDER BY/LIMIT apply to the result of the EXCEPT
+SELECT q1,q2 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q2,q1 FROM int8_tbl
+ORDER BY q2,q1;
+
+-- This should fail, because q2 isn't a name of an EXCEPT output column
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY q2 LIMIT 1;
+
+-- But this should work:
+SELECT q1 FROM int8_tbl EXCEPT (((SELECT q2 FROM int8_tbl ORDER BY q2 LIMIT 1))) ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- New syntaxes (7.1) permit new tests
+--
+
+(((((select * from int8_tbl)))));
+
+--
+-- Check behavior with empty select list (allowed since 9.4)
+--
+
+select union select;
+select intersect select;
+select except select;
+
+-- check hashed implementation
+set enable_hashagg = true;
+set enable_sort = false;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select from generate_series(1,5) union select from generate_series(1,3);
+explain (costs off)
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect select from generate_series(1,3);
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) union select from generate_series(1,3);
+select from generate_series(1,5) union all select from generate_series(1,3);
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect select from generate_series(1,3);
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect all select from generate_series(1,3);
+select from generate_series(1,5) except select from generate_series(1,3);
+select from generate_series(1,5) except all select from generate_series(1,3);
+
+-- check sorted implementation
+set enable_hashagg = false;
+set enable_sort = true;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select from generate_series(1,5) union select from generate_series(1,3);
+explain (costs off)
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect select from generate_series(1,3);
+
+select from generate_series(1,5) union select from generate_series(1,3);
+select from generate_series(1,5) union all select from generate_series(1,3);
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect select from generate_series(1,3);
+select from generate_series(1,5) intersect all select from generate_series(1,3);
+select from generate_series(1,5) except select from generate_series(1,3);
+select from generate_series(1,5) except all select from generate_series(1,3);
+
+reset enable_hashagg;
+reset enable_sort;
+
+--
+-- Check handling of a case with unknown constants.  We don't guarantee
+-- an undecorated constant will work in all cases, but historically this
+-- usage has worked, so test we don't break it.
+--
+
+SELECT a.f1 FROM (SELECT 'test' AS f1 FROM varchar_tbl) a
+UNION
+SELECT b.f1 FROM (SELECT f1 FROM varchar_tbl) b
+ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- This should fail, but it should produce an error cursor
+SELECT '3.4'::numeric UNION SELECT 'foo';
+
+--
+-- Test that expression-index constraints can be pushed down through
+-- UNION or UNION ALL
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t1 (a text, b text);
+CREATE INDEX t1_ab_idx on t1 ((a || b));
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t2 (ab text primary key);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('a', 'b'), ('x', 'y');
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ('ab'), ('xy');
+
+set enable_seqscan = off;
+set enable_indexscan = on;
+set enable_bitmapscan = off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+ SELECT * FROM
+ (SELECT a || b AS ab FROM t1
+  UNION ALL
+  SELECT * FROM t2) t
+ WHERE ab = 'ab';
+
+explain (costs off)
+ SELECT * FROM
+ (SELECT a || b AS ab FROM t1
+  UNION
+  SELECT * FROM t2) t
+ WHERE ab = 'ab';
+
+--
+-- Test that ORDER BY for UNION ALL can be pushed down to inheritance
+-- children.
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t1c (b text, a text);
+ALTER TABLE t1c INHERIT t1;
+CREATE TEMP TABLE t2c (primary key (ab)) INHERITS (t2);
+INSERT INTO t1c VALUES ('v', 'w'), ('c', 'd'), ('m', 'n'), ('e', 'f');
+INSERT INTO t2c VALUES ('vw'), ('cd'), ('mn'), ('ef');
+CREATE INDEX t1c_ab_idx on t1c ((a || b));
+
+set enable_seqscan = on;
+set enable_indexonlyscan = off;
+
+explain (costs off)
+  SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT a || b AS ab FROM t1
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT ab FROM t2) t
+  ORDER BY 1 LIMIT 8;
+
+  SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT a || b AS ab FROM t1
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT ab FROM t2) t
+  ORDER BY 1 LIMIT 8;
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+
+-- This simpler variant of the above test has been observed to fail differently
+
+create table events (event_id int primary key);
+create table other_events (event_id int primary key);
+create table events_child () inherits (events);
+
+explain (costs off)
+select event_id
+ from (select event_id from events
+       union all
+       select event_id from other_events) ss
+ order by event_id;
+
+drop table events_child, events, other_events;
+
+reset enable_indexonlyscan;
+
+-- Test constraint exclusion of UNION ALL subqueries
+explain (costs off)
+ SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, * FROM tenk1 a
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT 2 AS t, * FROM tenk1 b) c
+ WHERE t = 2;
+
+-- Test that we push quals into UNION sub-selects only when it's safe
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, 2 AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x < 4
+ORDER BY x;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, 2 AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x < 4
+ORDER BY x;
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, generate_series(1,10) AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x < 4
+ORDER BY x;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, generate_series(1,10) AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x < 4
+ORDER BY x;
+
+explain (costs off)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, (random()*3)::int AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x > 3
+ORDER BY x;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT 1 AS t, (random()*3)::int AS x
+   UNION
+   SELECT 2 AS t, 4 AS x) ss
+WHERE x > 3
+ORDER BY x;
+
+-- Test cases where the native ordering of a sub-select has more pathkeys
+-- than the outer query cares about
+explain (costs off)
+select distinct q1 from
+  (select distinct * from int8_tbl i81
+   union all
+   select distinct * from int8_tbl i82) ss
+where q2 = q2;
+
+select distinct q1 from
+  (select distinct * from int8_tbl i81
+   union all
+   select distinct * from int8_tbl i82) ss
+where q2 = q2;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select distinct q1 from
+  (select distinct * from int8_tbl i81
+   union all
+   select distinct * from int8_tbl i82) ss
+where -q1 = q2;
+
+select distinct q1 from
+  (select distinct * from int8_tbl i81
+   union all
+   select distinct * from int8_tbl i82) ss
+where -q1 = q2;
+
+-- Test proper handling of parameterized appendrel paths when the
+-- potential join qual is expensive
+create function expensivefunc(int) returns int
+language plpgsql immutable strict cost 10000
+as $$begin return $1; end$$;
+
+create temp table t3 as select generate_series(-1000,1000) as x;
+create index t3i on t3 (expensivefunc(x));
+analyze t3;
+
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select * from t3 a union all select * from t3 b) ss
+  join int4_tbl on f1 = expensivefunc(x);
+select * from
+  (select * from t3 a union all select * from t3 b) ss
+  join int4_tbl on f1 = expensivefunc(x);
+
+drop table t3;
+drop function expensivefunc(int);
+
+-- Test handling of appendrel quals that const-simplify into an AND
+explain (costs off)
+select * from
+  (select *, 0 as x from int8_tbl a
+   union all
+   select *, 1 as x from int8_tbl b) ss
+where (x = 0) or (q1 >= q2 and q1 <= q2);
+select * from
+  (select *, 0 as x from int8_tbl a
+   union all
+   select *, 1 as x from int8_tbl b) ss
+where (x = 0) or (q1 >= q2 and q1 <= q2);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/updatable_views.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/updatable_views.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaee0b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/updatable_views.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1758 @@
+--
+-- UPDATABLE VIEWS
+--
+
+-- avoid bit-exact output here because operations may not be bit-exact.
+SET extra_float_digits = 0;
+
+-- check that non-updatable views and columns are rejected with useful error
+-- messages
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+
+CREATE VIEW ro_view1 AS SELECT DISTINCT a, b FROM base_tbl; -- DISTINCT not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view2 AS SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl GROUP BY a, b; -- GROUP BY not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view3 AS SELECT 1 FROM base_tbl HAVING max(a) > 0; -- HAVING not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view4 AS SELECT count(*) FROM base_tbl; -- Aggregate functions not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view5 AS SELECT a, rank() OVER() FROM base_tbl; -- Window functions not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view6 AS SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl UNION SELECT -a, b FROM base_tbl; -- Set ops not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view7 AS WITH t AS (SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl) SELECT * FROM t; -- WITH not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view8 AS SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl ORDER BY a OFFSET 1; -- OFFSET not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view9 AS SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl ORDER BY a LIMIT 1; -- LIMIT not supported
+CREATE VIEW ro_view10 AS SELECT 1 AS a; -- No base relations
+CREATE VIEW ro_view11 AS SELECT b1.a, b2.b FROM base_tbl b1, base_tbl b2; -- Multiple base relations
+CREATE VIEW ro_view12 AS SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 10) AS g(a); -- SRF in rangetable
+CREATE VIEW ro_view13 AS SELECT a, b FROM (SELECT * FROM base_tbl) AS t; -- Subselect in rangetable
+CREATE VIEW rw_view14 AS SELECT ctid, a, b FROM base_tbl; -- System columns may be part of an updatable view
+CREATE VIEW rw_view15 AS SELECT a, upper(b) FROM base_tbl; -- Expression/function may be part of an updatable view
+CREATE VIEW rw_view16 AS SELECT a, b, a AS aa FROM base_tbl; -- Repeated column may be part of an updatable view
+CREATE VIEW ro_view17 AS SELECT * FROM ro_view1; -- Base relation not updatable
+CREATE VIEW ro_view18 AS SELECT * FROM (VALUES(1)) AS tmp(a); -- VALUES in rangetable
+CREATE SEQUENCE uv_seq;
+CREATE VIEW ro_view19 AS SELECT * FROM uv_seq; -- View based on a sequence
+CREATE VIEW ro_view20 AS SELECT a, b, generate_series(1, a) g FROM base_tbl; -- SRF in targetlist not supported
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+
+-- Read-only views
+DELETE FROM ro_view1;
+DELETE FROM ro_view2;
+DELETE FROM ro_view3;
+DELETE FROM ro_view4;
+DELETE FROM ro_view5;
+DELETE FROM ro_view6;
+UPDATE ro_view7 SET a=a+1;
+UPDATE ro_view8 SET a=a+1;
+UPDATE ro_view9 SET a=a+1;
+UPDATE ro_view10 SET a=a+1;
+UPDATE ro_view11 SET a=a+1;
+UPDATE ro_view12 SET a=a+1;
+INSERT INTO ro_view13 VALUES (3, 'Row 3');
+-- Partially updatable view
+INSERT INTO rw_view14 VALUES (null, 3, 'Row 3'); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view14 (a, b) VALUES (3, 'Row 3'); -- should be OK
+UPDATE rw_view14 SET ctid=null WHERE a=3; -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view14 SET b='ROW 3' WHERE a=3; -- should be OK
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+DELETE FROM rw_view14 WHERE a=3; -- should be OK
+-- Partially updatable view
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 VALUES (3, 'ROW 3'); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (3); -- should be OK
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (3) ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING; -- succeeds
+SELECT * FROM rw_view15;
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (3) ON CONFLICT (a) DO NOTHING; -- succeeds
+SELECT * FROM rw_view15;
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (3) ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE set a = excluded.a; -- succeeds
+SELECT * FROM rw_view15;
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (3) ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE set upper = 'blarg'; -- fails
+SELECT * FROM rw_view15;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view15;
+ALTER VIEW rw_view15 ALTER COLUMN upper SET DEFAULT 'NOT SET';
+INSERT INTO rw_view15 (a) VALUES (4); -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view15 SET upper='ROW 3' WHERE a=3; -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view15 SET upper=DEFAULT WHERE a=3; -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view15 SET a=4 WHERE a=3; -- should be OK
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+DELETE FROM rw_view15 WHERE a=4; -- should be OK
+-- Partially updatable view
+INSERT INTO rw_view16 VALUES (3, 'Row 3', 3); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view16 (a, b) VALUES (3, 'Row 3'); -- should be OK
+UPDATE rw_view16 SET a=3, aa=-3 WHERE a=3; -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view16 SET aa=-3 WHERE a=3; -- should be OK
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+DELETE FROM rw_view16 WHERE a=-3; -- should be OK
+-- Read-only views
+INSERT INTO ro_view17 VALUES (3, 'ROW 3');
+DELETE FROM ro_view18;
+UPDATE ro_view19 SET last_value=1000;
+UPDATE ro_view20 SET b=upper(b);
+
+-- A view with a conditional INSTEAD rule but no unconditional INSTEAD rules
+-- or INSTEAD OF triggers should be non-updatable and generate useful error
+-- messages with appropriate detail
+CREATE RULE rw_view16_ins_rule AS ON INSERT TO rw_view16
+  WHERE NEW.a > 0 DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b);
+CREATE RULE rw_view16_upd_rule AS ON UPDATE TO rw_view16
+  WHERE OLD.a > 0 DO INSTEAD UPDATE base_tbl SET b=NEW.b WHERE a=OLD.a;
+CREATE RULE rw_view16_del_rule AS ON DELETE TO rw_view16
+  WHERE OLD.a > 0 DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=OLD.a;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view16 (a, b) VALUES (3, 'Row 3'); -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view16 SET b='ROW 2' WHERE a=2; -- should fail
+DELETE FROM rw_view16 WHERE a=2; -- should fail
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+DROP VIEW ro_view10, ro_view12, ro_view18;
+DROP SEQUENCE uv_seq CASCADE;
+
+-- simple updatable view
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a>0;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1'
+ ORDER BY ordinal_position;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (3, 'Row 3');
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (a) VALUES (4);
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a=5 WHERE a=4;
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE b='Row 2';
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view1 SET a=6 WHERE a=5;
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE a=5;
+
+-- it's still updatable if we add a DO ALSO rule
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl_hist(ts timestamptz default now(), a int, b text);
+
+CREATE RULE base_tbl_log AS ON INSERT TO rw_view1 DO ALSO
+  INSERT INTO base_tbl_hist(a,b) VALUES(new.a, new.b);
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+
+-- Check behavior with DEFAULTs (bug #17633)
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (9, DEFAULT), (10, DEFAULT);
+SELECT a, b FROM base_tbl_hist;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE base_tbl_hist;
+
+-- view on top of view
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT b AS bb, a AS aa FROM base_tbl WHERE a>0;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT aa AS aaa, bb AS bbb FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa<10;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2'
+ ORDER BY ordinal_position;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (3, 'Row 3');
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 (aaa) VALUES (4);
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb='Row 4' WHERE aaa=4;
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE aaa=2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=5 WHERE aaa=4;
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE aaa=4;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- view on top of view with rules
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a>0 OFFSET 0; -- not updatable without rules/triggers
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a<10;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_ins_rule AS ON INSERT TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b) RETURNING *;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_upd_rule AS ON UPDATE TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD UPDATE base_tbl SET b=NEW.b WHERE a=OLD.a RETURNING NEW.*;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_del_rule AS ON DELETE TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=OLD.a RETURNING OLD.*;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (3, 'Row 3') RETURNING *;
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b='Row three' WHERE a=3 RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE a=3 RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view2 SET a=3 WHERE a=2;
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE a=2;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- view on top of view with triggers
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a>0 OFFSET 0; -- not updatable without rules/triggers
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a<10;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into,
+       is_trigger_updatable, is_trigger_deletable,
+       is_trigger_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn()
+RETURNS trigger AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  IF TG_OP = 'INSERT' THEN
+    INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b);
+    RETURN NEW;
+  ELSIF TG_OP = 'UPDATE' THEN
+    UPDATE base_tbl SET b=NEW.b WHERE a=OLD.a;
+    RETURN NEW;
+  ELSIF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN
+    DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=OLD.a;
+    RETURN OLD;
+  END IF;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER rw_view1_ins_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON rw_view1
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE rw_view1_trig_fn();
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into,
+       is_trigger_updatable, is_trigger_deletable,
+       is_trigger_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER rw_view1_upd_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON rw_view1
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE rw_view1_trig_fn();
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into,
+       is_trigger_updatable, is_trigger_deletable,
+       is_trigger_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER rw_view1_del_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON rw_view1
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE rw_view1_trig_fn();
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into,
+       is_trigger_updatable, is_trigger_deletable,
+       is_trigger_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE 'rw_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (3, 'Row 3') RETURNING *;
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b='Row three' WHERE a=3 RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE a=3 RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view2 SET a=3 WHERE a=2;
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE a=2;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+DROP FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn();
+
+-- update using whole row from view
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i, 'Row ' || i FROM generate_series(-2, 2) g(i);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT b AS bb, a AS aa FROM base_tbl;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION rw_view1_aa(x rw_view1)
+  RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT x.aa $$ LANGUAGE sql;
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 v SET bb='Updated row 2' WHERE rw_view1_aa(v)=2
+  RETURNING rw_view1_aa(v), v.bb;
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+UPDATE rw_view1 v SET bb='Updated row 2' WHERE rw_view1_aa(v)=2
+  RETURNING rw_view1_aa(v), v.bb;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- permissions checks
+
+CREATE USER regress_view_user1;
+CREATE USER regress_view_user2;
+CREATE USER regress_view_user3;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(a int, b text, c float);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1', 1.0);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT b AS bb, c AS cc, a AS aa FROM base_tbl;
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 2', 2.0, 2);
+
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT SELECT ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (a,c) ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (bb,cc) ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT b AS bb, c AS cc, a AS aa FROM base_tbl;
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2; -- ok
+
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (3, 'Row 3', 3.0); -- not allowed
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 3', 3.0, 3); -- not allowed
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES ('Row 3', 3.0, 3); -- not allowed
+
+UPDATE base_tbl SET a=a, c=c; -- ok
+UPDATE base_tbl SET b=b; -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET bb=bb, cc=cc; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET aa=aa; -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aa=aa, cc=cc; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bb=bb; -- not allowed
+
+DELETE FROM base_tbl; -- not allowed
+DELETE FROM rw_view1; -- not allowed
+DELETE FROM rw_view2; -- not allowed
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT INSERT, DELETE ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (3, 'Row 3', 3.0); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 4', 4.0, 4); -- not allowed
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES ('Row 4', 4.0, 4); -- ok
+DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=1; -- ok
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa=2; -- not allowed
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE aa=2; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+REVOKE INSERT, DELETE ON base_tbl FROM regress_view_user2;
+GRANT INSERT, DELETE ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (5, 'Row 5', 5.0); -- not allowed
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 5', 5.0, 5); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES ('Row 6', 6.0, 6); -- not allowed
+DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=3; -- not allowed
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa=3; -- ok
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE aa=4; -- not allowed
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- nested-view permissions
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(a int, b text, c float);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1', 1.0);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;  -- not allowed
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = 'foo' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = 'foo' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT SELECT ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+GRANT UPDATE ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 FOR UPDATE;
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = 'foo' WHERE a = 1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT UPDATE ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+REVOKE UPDATE ON base_tbl FROM regress_view_user1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = 'foo' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 FOR UPDATE;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;  -- not allowed
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- security invoker view permissions
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(a int, b text, c float);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1', 1.0);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT b AS bb, c AS cc, a AS aa FROM base_tbl;
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 SET (security_invoker = true);
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 2', 2.0, 2);
+GRANT SELECT ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (bb,cc) ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl; -- not allowed
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1; -- not allowed
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (3, 'Row 3', 3.0); -- not allowed
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 3', 3.0, 3); -- not allowed
+UPDATE base_tbl SET a=a; -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET bb=bb, cc=cc; -- not allowed
+DELETE FROM base_tbl; -- not allowed
+DELETE FROM rw_view1; -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (a,c) ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1; -- ok
+UPDATE base_tbl SET a=a, c=c; -- ok
+UPDATE base_tbl SET b=b; -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET cc=cc; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET aa=aa; -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET bb=bb; -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT INSERT, DELETE ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (3, 'Row 3', 3.0); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 4', 4.0, 4); -- not allowed
+DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=1; -- ok
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa=2; -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+REVOKE INSERT, DELETE ON base_tbl FROM regress_view_user2;
+GRANT INSERT, DELETE ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 4', 4.0, 4); -- not allowed
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa=2; -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT INSERT, DELETE ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES ('Row 4', 4.0, 4); -- ok
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE aa=2; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl; -- ok
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- ordinary view on top of security invoker view permissions
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(a int, b text, c float);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1', 1.0);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT b AS bb, c AS cc, a AS aa FROM base_tbl;
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 SET (security_invoker = true);
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET aa=aa;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT cc AS ccc, aa AS aaa, bb AS bbb FROM rw_view1;
+GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON rw_view2 TO regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user1;
+GRANT UPDATE (a, b) ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET aa=aa, bb=bb;  -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET cc=cc;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+GRANT SELECT ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (bb, cc) ON rw_view1 TO regress_view_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+GRANT UPDATE (a, c) ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- ok
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- not allowed
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+GRANT SELECT ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user3;
+GRANT UPDATE (a, c) ON base_tbl TO regress_view_user3;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- ok
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON base_tbl FROM regress_view_user1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user1;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET aa=aa;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- ok
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- ok
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON base_tbl FROM regress_view_user2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user2;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- not allowed
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_view_user3;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2;  -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET aaa=aaa;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET bbb=bbb;  -- not allowed
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET ccc=ccc;  -- ok
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+DROP USER regress_view_user1;
+DROP USER regress_view_user2;
+DROP USER regress_view_user3;
+
+-- column defaults
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified', c serial);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (2, 'Row 2');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (3);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT a AS aa, b AS bb FROM base_tbl;
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 ALTER COLUMN bb SET DEFAULT 'View default';
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (4, 'Row 4');
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (aa) VALUES (5);
+
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- Table having triggers
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY, b text DEFAULT 'Unspecified');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1');
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (2, 'Row 2');
+
+CREATE FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn()
+RETURNS trigger AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  IF TG_OP = 'INSERT' THEN
+    UPDATE base_tbl SET b=NEW.b WHERE a=1;
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END IF;
+  RETURN NULL;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER rw_view1_ins_trig AFTER INSERT ON base_tbl
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE rw_view1_trig_fn();
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT a AS aa, b AS bb FROM base_tbl;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (3, 'Row 3');
+select * from base_tbl;
+
+DROP VIEW rw_view1;
+DROP TRIGGER rw_view1_ins_trig on base_tbl;
+DROP FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn();
+DROP TABLE base_tbl;
+
+-- view with ORDER BY
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, b int);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1,2), (4,5), (3,-3);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl ORDER BY a+b;
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (7,-8);
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+
+EXPLAIN (verbose, costs off) UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = b + 1 RETURNING *;
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = b + 1 RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- multiple array-column updates
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, arr int[]);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1,ARRAY[2]), (3,ARRAY[4]);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET arr[1] = 42, arr[2] = 77 WHERE a = 3;
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- views with updatable and non-updatable columns
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(a float);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl SELECT i/10.0 FROM generate_series(1,10) g(i);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS
+  SELECT ctid, sin(a) s, a, cos(a) c
+  FROM base_tbl
+  WHERE a != 0
+  ORDER BY abs(a);
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (null, null, 1.1, null); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (s, c, a) VALUES (null, null, 1.1); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (a) VALUES (1.1) RETURNING a, s, c; -- OK
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET s = s WHERE a = 1.1; -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = 1.05 WHERE a = 1.1 RETURNING s; -- OK
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE a = 1.05; -- OK
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS
+  SELECT s, c, s/c t, a base_a, ctid
+  FROM rw_view1;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (null, null, null, 1.1, null); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view2(s, c, base_a) VALUES (null, null, 1.1); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view2(base_a) VALUES (1.1) RETURNING t; -- OK
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET s = s WHERE base_a = 1.1; -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET t = t WHERE base_a = 1.1; -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET base_a = 1.05 WHERE base_a = 1.1; -- OK
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE base_a = 1.05 RETURNING base_a, s, c, t; -- OK
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view3 AS
+  SELECT s, c, s/c t, ctid
+  FROM rw_view1;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view3 VALUES (null, null, null, null); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view3(s) VALUES (null); -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view3 SET s = s; -- should fail
+DELETE FROM rw_view3 WHERE s = sin(0.1); -- should be OK
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl ORDER BY a;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name;
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name LIKE E'r_\\_view%'
+ ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
+
+SELECT events & 4 != 0 AS upd,
+       events & 8 != 0 AS ins,
+       events & 16 != 0 AS del
+  FROM pg_catalog.pg_relation_is_updatable('rw_view3'::regclass, false) t(events);
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- view on table with GENERATED columns
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (id int, idplus1 int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (id + 1) STORED);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+INSERT INTO base_tbl (id) VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (id) VALUES (2);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl (id, idplus1) VALUES (3, DEFAULT);
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (id, idplus1) VALUES (4, DEFAULT);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl (id, idplus1) VALUES (5, 6);  -- error
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 (id, idplus1) VALUES (6, 7);  -- error
+
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+UPDATE base_tbl SET id = 2000 WHERE id = 2;
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET id = 3000 WHERE id = 3;
+
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- inheritance tests
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl_parent (a int);
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl_child (CHECK (a > 0)) INHERITS (base_tbl_parent);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl_parent SELECT * FROM generate_series(-8, -1);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl_child SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 8);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl_parent;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM ONLY base_tbl_parent;
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 ORDER BY a;
+SELECT * FROM ONLY rw_view1 ORDER BY a;
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 ORDER BY a;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (-100), (100);
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-200), (200);
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a*10 WHERE a IN (-1, 1); -- Should produce -10 and 10
+UPDATE ONLY rw_view1 SET a = a*10 WHERE a IN (-2, 2); -- Should produce -20 and 20
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = a*10 WHERE a IN (-3, 3); -- Should produce -30 only
+UPDATE ONLY rw_view2 SET a = a*10 WHERE a IN (-4, 4); -- Should produce -40 only
+
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE a IN (-5, 5); -- Should delete -5 and 5
+DELETE FROM ONLY rw_view1 WHERE a IN (-6, 6); -- Should delete -6 and 6
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE a IN (-7, 7); -- Should delete -7 only
+DELETE FROM ONLY rw_view2 WHERE a IN (-8, 8); -- Should delete -8 only
+
+SELECT * FROM ONLY base_tbl_parent ORDER BY a;
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl_child ORDER BY a;
+
+CREATE TABLE other_tbl_parent (id int);
+CREATE TABLE other_tbl_child () INHERITS (other_tbl_parent);
+INSERT INTO other_tbl_parent VALUES (7),(200);
+INSERT INTO other_tbl_child VALUES (8),(100);
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off)
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a + 1000 FROM other_tbl_parent WHERE a = id;
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a + 1000 FROM other_tbl_parent WHERE a = id;
+
+SELECT * FROM ONLY base_tbl_parent ORDER BY a;
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl_child ORDER BY a;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl_parent, base_tbl_child CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE other_tbl_parent CASCADE;
+
+-- simple WITH CHECK OPTION
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, b int DEFAULT 10);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1,2), (2,3), (1,-1);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a < b
+  WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION;
+\d+ rw_view1
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.views WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES(3,4); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES(4,3); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES(5,null); -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = 5 WHERE a = 3; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b = -5 WHERE a = 3; -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view1(a) VALUES (9); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1(a) VALUES (10); -- should fail
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- WITH LOCAL/CASCADED CHECK OPTION
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a > 0;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a < 10
+  WITH CHECK OPTION; -- implicitly cascaded
+\d+ rw_view2
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.views WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-5); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (5); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (15); -- should fail
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = a - 10; -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = a + 10; -- should fail
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a < 10
+  WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION;
+\d+ rw_view2
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.views WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-10); -- ok, but not in view
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (20); -- should fail
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 SET (check_option=here); -- invalid
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 SET (check_option=local);
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-20); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (30); -- should fail
+
+ALTER VIEW rw_view2 RESET (check_option);
+\d+ rw_view2
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.views WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (30); -- ok, but not in view
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- WITH CHECK OPTION with no local view qual
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WITH CHECK OPTION;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a > 0;
+CREATE VIEW rw_view3 AS SELECT * FROM rw_view2 WITH CHECK OPTION;
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.views WHERE table_name LIKE E'rw\\_view_' ORDER BY table_name;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (-1); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (1); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-2); -- ok, but not in view
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (2); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view3 VALUES (-3); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view3 VALUES (3); -- ok
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- WITH CHECK OPTION with scalar array ops
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, b int[]);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a = ANY (b)
+  WITH CHECK OPTION;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (1, ARRAY[1,2,3]); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (10, ARRAY[4,5]); -- should fail
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b[2] = -b[2] WHERE a = 1; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET b[1] = -b[1] WHERE a = 1; -- should fail
+
+PREPARE ins(int, int[]) AS INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES($1, $2);
+EXECUTE ins(2, ARRAY[1,2,3]); -- ok
+EXECUTE ins(10, ARRAY[4,5]); -- should fail
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE ins;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- WITH CHECK OPTION with subquery
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int);
+CREATE TABLE ref_tbl (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+INSERT INTO ref_tbl SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,10);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS
+  SELECT * FROM base_tbl b
+  WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM ref_tbl r WHERE r.a = b.a)
+  WITH CHECK OPTION;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (5); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (15); -- should fail
+
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a + 5; -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a + 5; -- should fail
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (5);
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = a + 5;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl, ref_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- WITH CHECK OPTION with BEFORE trigger on base table
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, b int);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION base_tbl_trig_fn()
+RETURNS trigger AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  NEW.b := 10;
+  RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER base_tbl_trig BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON base_tbl
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE base_tbl_trig_fn();
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT * FROM base_tbl WHERE a < b WITH CHECK OPTION;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (5,0); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (15, 20); -- should fail
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET a = 20, b = 30; -- should fail
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+DROP FUNCTION base_tbl_trig_fn();
+
+-- WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION with INSTEAD OF trigger on base view
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int, b int);
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT a FROM base_tbl WHERE a < b;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn()
+RETURNS trigger AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  IF TG_OP = 'INSERT' THEN
+    INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a, 10);
+    RETURN NEW;
+  ELSIF TG_OP = 'UPDATE' THEN
+    UPDATE base_tbl SET a=NEW.a WHERE a=OLD.a;
+    RETURN NEW;
+  ELSIF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN
+    DELETE FROM base_tbl WHERE a=OLD.a;
+    RETURN OLD;
+  END IF;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER rw_view1_trig
+  INSTEAD OF INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON rw_view1
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE rw_view1_trig_fn();
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS
+  SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a > 0 WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION;
+
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-5); -- should fail
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (5); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (50); -- ok, but not in view
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = a - 10; -- should fail
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+-- Check option won't cascade down to base view with INSTEAD OF triggers
+
+ALTER VIEW rw_view2 SET (check_option=cascaded);
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (100); -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view1's check)
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = 200 WHERE a = 5; -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view1's check)
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+-- Neither local nor cascaded check options work with INSTEAD rules
+
+DROP TRIGGER rw_view1_trig ON rw_view1;
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_ins_rule AS ON INSERT TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a, 10);
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_upd_rule AS ON UPDATE TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD UPDATE base_tbl SET a=NEW.a WHERE a=OLD.a;
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (-10); -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view2's check)
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (5); -- ok
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (20); -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view1's check)
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = 30 WHERE a = 5; -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view1's check)
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (5); -- ok
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET a = -5 WHERE a = 5; -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view2's check)
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+DROP FUNCTION rw_view1_trig_fn();
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (a int);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS SELECT a,10 AS b FROM base_tbl;
+CREATE RULE rw_view1_ins_rule AS ON INSERT TO rw_view1
+  DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (NEW.a);
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 AS
+  SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE a > b WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION;
+INSERT INTO rw_view2 VALUES (2,3); -- ok, but not in view (doesn't fail rw_view2's check)
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- security barrier view
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl (person text, visibility text);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES ('Tom', 'public'),
+                            ('Dick', 'private'),
+                            ('Harry', 'public');
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 AS
+  SELECT person FROM base_tbl WHERE visibility = 'public';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION snoop(anyelement)
+RETURNS boolean AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  RAISE NOTICE 'snooped value: %', $1;
+  RETURN true;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql COST 0.000001;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION leakproof(anyelement)
+RETURNS boolean AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  RETURN true;
+END;
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql STRICT IMMUTABLE LEAKPROOF;
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE snoop(person);
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET person=person WHERE snoop(person);
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE NOT snoop(person);
+
+ALTER VIEW rw_view1 SET (security_barrier = true);
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1';
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view1'
+ ORDER BY ordinal_position;
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE snoop(person);
+UPDATE rw_view1 SET person=person WHERE snoop(person);
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE NOT snoop(person);
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE snoop(person);
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view1 SET person=person WHERE snoop(person);
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE NOT snoop(person);
+
+-- security barrier view on top of security barrier view
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view2 WITH (security_barrier = true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM rw_view1 WHERE snoop(person);
+
+SELECT table_name, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.tables
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+
+SELECT table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  FROM information_schema.views
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2';
+
+SELECT table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  FROM information_schema.columns
+ WHERE table_name = 'rw_view2'
+ ORDER BY ordinal_position;
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view2 WHERE snoop(person);
+UPDATE rw_view2 SET person=person WHERE snoop(person);
+DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE NOT snoop(person);
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT * FROM rw_view2 WHERE snoop(person);
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE rw_view2 SET person=person WHERE snoop(person);
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view2 WHERE NOT snoop(person);
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- security barrier view on top of table with rules
+
+CREATE TABLE base_tbl(id int PRIMARY KEY, data text, deleted boolean);
+INSERT INTO base_tbl VALUES (1, 'Row 1', false), (2, 'Row 2', true);
+
+CREATE RULE base_tbl_ins_rule AS ON INSERT TO base_tbl
+  WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM base_tbl t WHERE t.id = new.id)
+  DO INSTEAD
+    UPDATE base_tbl SET data = new.data, deleted = false WHERE id = new.id;
+
+CREATE RULE base_tbl_del_rule AS ON DELETE TO base_tbl
+  DO INSTEAD
+    UPDATE base_tbl SET deleted = true WHERE id = old.id;
+
+CREATE VIEW rw_view1 WITH (security_barrier=true) AS
+  SELECT id, data FROM base_tbl WHERE NOT deleted;
+
+SELECT * FROM rw_view1;
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE id = 1 AND snoop(data);
+DELETE FROM rw_view1 WHERE id = 1 AND snoop(data);
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (2, 'New row 2');
+INSERT INTO rw_view1 VALUES (2, 'New row 2');
+
+SELECT * FROM base_tbl;
+
+DROP TABLE base_tbl CASCADE;
+
+-- security barrier view based on inheritance set
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a int, b float, c text);
+CREATE INDEX t1_a_idx ON t1(a);
+INSERT INTO t1
+SELECT i,i,'t1' FROM generate_series(1,10) g(i);
+ANALYZE t1;
+
+CREATE TABLE t11 (d text) INHERITS (t1);
+CREATE INDEX t11_a_idx ON t11(a);
+INSERT INTO t11
+SELECT i,i,'t11','t11d' FROM generate_series(1,10) g(i);
+ANALYZE t11;
+
+CREATE TABLE t12 (e int[]) INHERITS (t1);
+CREATE INDEX t12_a_idx ON t12(a);
+INSERT INTO t12
+SELECT i,i,'t12','{1,2}'::int[] FROM generate_series(1,10) g(i);
+ANALYZE t12;
+
+CREATE TABLE t111 () INHERITS (t11, t12);
+CREATE INDEX t111_a_idx ON t111(a);
+INSERT INTO t111
+SELECT i,i,'t111','t111d','{1,1,1}'::int[] FROM generate_series(1,10) g(i);
+ANALYZE t111;
+
+CREATE VIEW v1 WITH (security_barrier=true) AS
+SELECT *, (SELECT d FROM t11 WHERE t11.a = t1.a LIMIT 1) AS d
+FROM t1
+WHERE a > 5 AND EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM t12 WHERE t12.a = t1.a);
+
+SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE a=3; -- should not see anything
+SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE a=8;
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE v1 SET a=100 WHERE snoop(a) AND leakproof(a) AND a < 7 AND a != 6;
+UPDATE v1 SET a=100 WHERE snoop(a) AND leakproof(a) AND a < 7 AND a != 6;
+
+SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE a=100; -- Nothing should have been changed to 100
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=100; -- Nothing should have been changed to 100
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE v1 SET a=a+1 WHERE snoop(a) AND leakproof(a) AND a = 8;
+UPDATE v1 SET a=a+1 WHERE snoop(a) AND leakproof(a) AND a = 8;
+
+SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE b=8;
+
+DELETE FROM v1 WHERE snoop(a) AND leakproof(a); -- should not delete everything, just where a>5
+
+TABLE t1; -- verify all a<=5 are intact
+
+DROP TABLE t1, t11, t12, t111 CASCADE;
+DROP FUNCTION snoop(anyelement);
+DROP FUNCTION leakproof(anyelement);
+
+CREATE TABLE tx1 (a integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx2 (b integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx3 (c integer);
+CREATE VIEW vx1 AS SELECT a FROM tx1 WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM tx2 JOIN tx3 ON b=c);
+INSERT INTO vx1 values (1);
+SELECT * FROM tx1;
+SELECT * FROM vx1;
+
+DROP VIEW vx1;
+DROP TABLE tx1;
+DROP TABLE tx2;
+DROP TABLE tx3;
+
+CREATE TABLE tx1 (a integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx2 (b integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx3 (c integer);
+CREATE VIEW vx1 AS SELECT a FROM tx1 WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM tx2 JOIN tx3 ON b=c);
+INSERT INTO vx1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO vx1 VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM tx1;
+SELECT * FROM vx1;
+
+DROP VIEW vx1;
+DROP TABLE tx1;
+DROP TABLE tx2;
+DROP TABLE tx3;
+
+CREATE TABLE tx1 (a integer, b integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx2 (b integer, c integer);
+CREATE TABLE tx3 (c integer, d integer);
+ALTER TABLE tx1 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE tx2 DROP COLUMN c;
+ALTER TABLE tx3 DROP COLUMN d;
+CREATE VIEW vx1 AS SELECT a FROM tx1 WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM tx2 JOIN tx3 ON b=c);
+INSERT INTO vx1 VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO vx1 VALUES (1);
+SELECT * FROM tx1;
+SELECT * FROM vx1;
+
+DROP VIEW vx1;
+DROP TABLE tx1;
+DROP TABLE tx2;
+DROP TABLE tx3;
+
+--
+-- Test handling of vars from correlated subqueries in quals from outer
+-- security barrier views, per bug #13988
+--
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a int, b text, c int);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 'one', 10);
+
+CREATE TABLE t2 (cc int);
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+CREATE VIEW v1 WITH (security_barrier = true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (a > 0)
+  WITH CHECK OPTION;
+
+CREATE VIEW v2 WITH (security_barrier = true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM t2 WHERE t2.cc = v1.c)
+  WITH CHECK OPTION;
+
+INSERT INTO v2 VALUES (2, 'two', 20); -- ok
+INSERT INTO v2 VALUES (-2, 'minus two', 20); -- not allowed
+INSERT INTO v2 VALUES (3, 'three', 30); -- not allowed
+
+UPDATE v2 SET b = 'ONE' WHERE a = 1; -- ok
+UPDATE v2 SET a = -1 WHERE a = 1; -- not allowed
+UPDATE v2 SET c = 30 WHERE a = 1; -- not allowed
+
+DELETE FROM v2 WHERE a = 2; -- ok
+SELECT * FROM v2;
+
+DROP VIEW v2;
+DROP VIEW v1;
+DROP TABLE t2;
+DROP TABLE t1;
+
+--
+-- Test sub-select in nested security barrier views, per bug #17972
+--
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a int);
+CREATE VIEW v1 WITH (security_barrier = true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM t1;
+CREATE RULE v1_upd_rule AS ON UPDATE TO v1 DO INSTEAD
+  UPDATE t1 SET a = NEW.a WHERE a = OLD.a;
+CREATE VIEW v2 WITH (security_barrier = true) AS
+  SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE v2 SET a = 1;
+
+DROP VIEW v2;
+DROP VIEW v1;
+DROP TABLE t1;
+
+--
+-- Test CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW turning a non-updatable view into an
+-- auto-updatable view and adding check options in a single step
+--
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT null::int AS a;
+CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a > 0 WITH CHECK OPTION;
+
+INSERT INTO v1 VALUES (1, 'ok'); -- ok
+INSERT INTO v1 VALUES (-1, 'invalid'); -- should fail
+
+DROP VIEW v1;
+DROP TABLE t1;
+
+-- check that an auto-updatable view on a partitioned table works correctly
+create table uv_pt (a int, b int, v varchar) partition by range (a, b);
+create table uv_pt1 (b int not null, v varchar, a int not null) partition by range (b);
+create table uv_pt11 (like uv_pt1);
+alter table uv_pt11 drop a;
+alter table uv_pt11 add a int;
+alter table uv_pt11 drop a;
+alter table uv_pt11 add a int not null;
+alter table uv_pt1 attach partition uv_pt11 for values from (2) to (5);
+alter table uv_pt attach partition uv_pt1 for values from (1, 2) to (1, 10);
+
+create view uv_ptv as select * from uv_pt;
+select events & 4 != 0 AS upd,
+       events & 8 != 0 AS ins,
+       events & 16 != 0 AS del
+  from pg_catalog.pg_relation_is_updatable('uv_pt'::regclass, false) t(events);
+select pg_catalog.pg_column_is_updatable('uv_pt'::regclass, 1::smallint, false);
+select pg_catalog.pg_column_is_updatable('uv_pt'::regclass, 2::smallint, false);
+select table_name, is_updatable, is_insertable_into
+  from information_schema.views where table_name = 'uv_ptv';
+select table_name, column_name, is_updatable
+  from information_schema.columns where table_name = 'uv_ptv' order by column_name;
+insert into uv_ptv values (1, 2);
+select tableoid::regclass, * from uv_pt;
+create view uv_ptv_wco as select * from uv_pt where a = 0 with check option;
+insert into uv_ptv_wco values (1, 2);
+drop view uv_ptv, uv_ptv_wco;
+drop table uv_pt, uv_pt1, uv_pt11;
+
+-- check that wholerow vars appearing in WITH CHECK OPTION constraint expressions
+-- work fine with partitioned tables
+create table wcowrtest (a int) partition by list (a);
+create table wcowrtest1 partition of wcowrtest for values in (1);
+create view wcowrtest_v as select * from wcowrtest where wcowrtest = '(2)'::wcowrtest with check option;
+insert into wcowrtest_v values (1);
+
+alter table wcowrtest add b text;
+create table wcowrtest2 (b text, c int, a int);
+alter table wcowrtest2 drop c;
+alter table wcowrtest attach partition wcowrtest2 for values in (2);
+
+create table sometable (a int, b text);
+insert into sometable values (1, 'a'), (2, 'b');
+create view wcowrtest_v2 as
+    select *
+      from wcowrtest r
+      where r in (select s from sometable s where r.a = s.a)
+with check option;
+
+-- WITH CHECK qual will be processed with wcowrtest2's
+-- rowtype after tuple-routing
+insert into wcowrtest_v2 values (2, 'no such row in sometable');
+
+drop view wcowrtest_v, wcowrtest_v2;
+drop table wcowrtest, sometable;
+
+-- Check INSERT .. ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE works correctly when the view's
+-- columns are named and ordered differently than the underlying table's.
+create table uv_iocu_tab (a text unique, b float);
+insert into uv_iocu_tab values ('xyxyxy', 0);
+create view uv_iocu_view as
+   select b, b+1 as c, a, '2.0'::text as two from uv_iocu_tab;
+
+insert into uv_iocu_view (a, b) values ('xyxyxy', 1)
+   on conflict (a) do update set b = uv_iocu_view.b;
+select * from uv_iocu_tab;
+insert into uv_iocu_view (a, b) values ('xyxyxy', 1)
+   on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b;
+select * from uv_iocu_tab;
+
+-- OK to access view columns that are not present in underlying base
+-- relation in the ON CONFLICT portion of the query
+insert into uv_iocu_view (a, b) values ('xyxyxy', 3)
+   on conflict (a) do update set b = cast(excluded.two as float);
+select * from uv_iocu_tab;
+
+explain (costs off)
+insert into uv_iocu_view (a, b) values ('xyxyxy', 3)
+   on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where excluded.c > 0;
+
+insert into uv_iocu_view (a, b) values ('xyxyxy', 3)
+   on conflict (a) do update set b = excluded.b where excluded.c > 0;
+select * from uv_iocu_tab;
+
+drop view uv_iocu_view;
+drop table uv_iocu_tab;
+
+-- Test whole-row references to the view
+create table uv_iocu_tab (a int unique, b text);
+create view uv_iocu_view as
+    select b as bb, a as aa, uv_iocu_tab::text as cc from uv_iocu_tab;
+
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa,bb) values (1,'x');
+explain (costs off)
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa,bb) values (1,'y')
+   on conflict (aa) do update set bb = 'Rejected: '||excluded.*
+   where excluded.aa > 0
+   and excluded.bb != ''
+   and excluded.cc is not null;
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa,bb) values (1,'y')
+   on conflict (aa) do update set bb = 'Rejected: '||excluded.*
+   where excluded.aa > 0
+   and excluded.bb != ''
+   and excluded.cc is not null;
+select * from uv_iocu_view;
+
+-- Test omitting a column of the base relation
+delete from uv_iocu_view;
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa,bb) values (1,'x');
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa) values (1)
+   on conflict (aa) do update set bb = 'Rejected: '||excluded.*;
+select * from uv_iocu_view;
+
+alter table uv_iocu_tab alter column b set default 'table default';
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa) values (1)
+   on conflict (aa) do update set bb = 'Rejected: '||excluded.*;
+select * from uv_iocu_view;
+
+alter view uv_iocu_view alter column bb set default 'view default';
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa) values (1)
+   on conflict (aa) do update set bb = 'Rejected: '||excluded.*;
+select * from uv_iocu_view;
+
+-- Should fail to update non-updatable columns
+insert into uv_iocu_view (aa) values (1)
+   on conflict (aa) do update set cc = 'XXX';
+
+drop view uv_iocu_view;
+drop table uv_iocu_tab;
+
+-- ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE permissions checks
+create user regress_view_user1;
+create user regress_view_user2;
+
+set session authorization regress_view_user1;
+create table base_tbl(a int unique, b text, c float);
+insert into base_tbl values (1,'xxx',1.0);
+create view rw_view1 as select b as bb, c as cc, a as aa from base_tbl;
+
+grant select (aa,bb) on rw_view1 to regress_view_user2;
+grant insert on rw_view1 to regress_view_user2;
+grant update (bb) on rw_view1 to regress_view_user2;
+
+set session authorization regress_view_user2;
+insert into rw_view1 values ('yyy',2.0,1)
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.cc; -- Not allowed
+insert into rw_view1 values ('yyy',2.0,1)
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = rw_view1.cc; -- Not allowed
+insert into rw_view1 values ('yyy',2.0,1)
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.bb; -- OK
+insert into rw_view1 values ('zzz',2.0,1)
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = rw_view1.bb||'xxx'; -- OK
+insert into rw_view1 values ('zzz',2.0,1)
+  on conflict (aa) do update set cc = 3.0; -- Not allowed
+reset session authorization;
+select * from base_tbl;
+
+set session authorization regress_view_user1;
+grant select (a,b) on base_tbl to regress_view_user2;
+grant insert (a,b) on base_tbl to regress_view_user2;
+grant update (a,b) on base_tbl to regress_view_user2;
+
+set session authorization regress_view_user2;
+create view rw_view2 as select b as bb, c as cc, a as aa from base_tbl;
+insert into rw_view2 (aa,bb) values (1,'xxx')
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.bb; -- Not allowed
+create view rw_view3 as select b as bb, a as aa from base_tbl;
+insert into rw_view3 (aa,bb) values (1,'xxx')
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.bb; -- OK
+reset session authorization;
+select * from base_tbl;
+
+set session authorization regress_view_user2;
+create view rw_view4 as select aa, bb, cc FROM rw_view1;
+insert into rw_view4 (aa,bb) values (1,'yyy')
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.bb; -- Not allowed
+create view rw_view5 as select aa, bb FROM rw_view1;
+insert into rw_view5 (aa,bb) values (1,'yyy')
+  on conflict (aa) do update set bb = excluded.bb; -- OK
+reset session authorization;
+select * from base_tbl;
+
+drop view rw_view5;
+drop view rw_view4;
+drop view rw_view3;
+drop view rw_view2;
+drop view rw_view1;
+drop table base_tbl;
+drop user regress_view_user1;
+drop user regress_view_user2;
+
+-- Test single- and multi-row inserts with table and view defaults.
+-- Table defaults should be used, unless overridden by view defaults.
+create table base_tab_def (a int, b text default 'Table default',
+                           c text default 'Table default', d text, e text);
+create view base_tab_def_view as select * from base_tab_def;
+alter view base_tab_def_view alter b set default 'View default';
+alter view base_tab_def_view alter d set default 'View default';
+insert into base_tab_def values (1);
+insert into base_tab_def values (2), (3);
+insert into base_tab_def values (4, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def values (5, default, default, default, default),
+                                (6, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (11);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (12), (13);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (14, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (15, default, default, default, default),
+                                     (16, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (17), (default);
+select * from base_tab_def order by a;
+
+-- Adding an INSTEAD OF trigger should cause NULLs to be inserted instead of
+-- table defaults, where there are no view defaults.
+create function base_tab_def_view_instrig_func() returns trigger
+as
+$$
+begin
+  insert into base_tab_def values (new.a, new.b, new.c, new.d, new.e);
+  return new;
+end;
+$$
+language plpgsql;
+create trigger base_tab_def_view_instrig instead of insert on base_tab_def_view
+  for each row execute function base_tab_def_view_instrig_func();
+truncate base_tab_def;
+insert into base_tab_def values (1);
+insert into base_tab_def values (2), (3);
+insert into base_tab_def values (4, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def values (5, default, default, default, default),
+                                (6, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (11);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (12), (13);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (14, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (15, default, default, default, default),
+                                     (16, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (17), (default);
+select * from base_tab_def order by a;
+
+-- Using an unconditional DO INSTEAD rule should also cause NULLs to be
+-- inserted where there are no view defaults.
+drop trigger base_tab_def_view_instrig on base_tab_def_view;
+drop function base_tab_def_view_instrig_func;
+create rule base_tab_def_view_ins_rule as on insert to base_tab_def_view
+  do instead insert into base_tab_def values (new.a, new.b, new.c, new.d, new.e);
+truncate base_tab_def;
+insert into base_tab_def values (1);
+insert into base_tab_def values (2), (3);
+insert into base_tab_def values (4, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def values (5, default, default, default, default),
+                                (6, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (11);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (12), (13);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (14, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (15, default, default, default, default),
+                                     (16, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (17), (default);
+select * from base_tab_def order by a;
+
+-- A DO ALSO rule should cause each row to be inserted twice. The first
+-- insert should behave the same as an auto-updatable view (using table
+-- defaults, unless overridden by view defaults). The second insert should
+-- behave the same as a rule-updatable view (inserting NULLs where there are
+-- no view defaults).
+drop rule base_tab_def_view_ins_rule on base_tab_def_view;
+create rule base_tab_def_view_ins_rule as on insert to base_tab_def_view
+  do also insert into base_tab_def values (new.a, new.b, new.c, new.d, new.e);
+truncate base_tab_def;
+insert into base_tab_def values (1);
+insert into base_tab_def values (2), (3);
+insert into base_tab_def values (4, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def values (5, default, default, default, default),
+                                (6, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (11);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (12), (13);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (14, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (15, default, default, default, default),
+                                     (16, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (17), (default);
+select * from base_tab_def order by a, c NULLS LAST;
+
+-- Test a DO ALSO INSERT ... SELECT rule
+drop rule base_tab_def_view_ins_rule on base_tab_def_view;
+create rule base_tab_def_view_ins_rule as on insert to base_tab_def_view
+  do also insert into base_tab_def (a, b, e) select new.a, new.b, 'xxx';
+truncate base_tab_def;
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (1, default, default, default, default);
+insert into base_tab_def_view values (2, default, default, default, default),
+                                     (3, default, default, default, default);
+select * from base_tab_def order by a, e nulls first;
+
+drop view base_tab_def_view;
+drop table base_tab_def;
+
+-- Test defaults with array assignments
+create table base_tab (a serial, b int[], c text, d text default 'Table default');
+create view base_tab_view as select c, a, b from base_tab;
+alter view base_tab_view alter column c set default 'View default';
+insert into base_tab_view (b[1], b[2], c, b[5], b[4], a, b[3])
+values (1, 2, default, 5, 4, default, 3), (10, 11, 'C value', 14, 13, 100, 12);
+select * from base_tab order by a;
+drop view base_tab_view;
+drop table base_tab;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/update.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/update.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a7bee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/update.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,669 @@
+--
+-- UPDATE syntax tests
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE update_test (
+    a   INT DEFAULT 10,
+    b   INT,
+    c   TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE upsert_test (
+    a   INT PRIMARY KEY,
+    b   TEXT
+);
+
+INSERT INTO update_test VALUES (5, 10, 'foo');
+INSERT INTO update_test(b, a) VALUES (15, 10);
+
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+
+UPDATE update_test SET a = DEFAULT, b = DEFAULT;
+
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+
+-- aliases for the UPDATE target table
+UPDATE update_test AS t SET b = 10 WHERE t.a = 10;
+
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+
+UPDATE update_test t SET b = t.b + 10 WHERE t.a = 10;
+
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+
+--
+-- Test VALUES in FROM
+--
+
+UPDATE update_test SET a=v.i FROM (VALUES(100, 20)) AS v(i, j)
+  WHERE update_test.b = v.j;
+
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+
+-- fail, wrong data type:
+UPDATE update_test SET a = v.* FROM (VALUES(100, 20)) AS v(i, j)
+  WHERE update_test.b = v.j;
+
+--
+-- Test multiple-set-clause syntax
+--
+
+INSERT INTO update_test SELECT a,b+1,c FROM update_test;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+
+UPDATE update_test SET (c,b,a) = ('bugle', b+11, DEFAULT) WHERE c = 'foo';
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+UPDATE update_test SET (c,b) = ('car', a+b), a = a + 1 WHERE a = 10;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+-- fail, multi assignment to same column:
+UPDATE update_test SET (c,b) = ('car', a+b), b = a + 1 WHERE a = 10;
+
+-- uncorrelated sub-select:
+UPDATE update_test
+  SET (b,a) = (select a,b from update_test where b = 41 and c = 'car')
+  WHERE a = 100 AND b = 20;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+-- correlated sub-select:
+UPDATE update_test o
+  SET (b,a) = (select a+1,b from update_test i
+               where i.a=o.a and i.b=o.b and i.c is not distinct from o.c);
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+-- fail, multiple rows supplied:
+UPDATE update_test SET (b,a) = (select a+1,b from update_test);
+-- set to null if no rows supplied:
+UPDATE update_test SET (b,a) = (select a+1,b from update_test where a = 1000)
+  WHERE a = 11;
+SELECT * FROM update_test;
+-- *-expansion should work in this context:
+UPDATE update_test SET (a,b) = ROW(v.*) FROM (VALUES(21, 100)) AS v(i, j)
+  WHERE update_test.a = v.i;
+-- you might expect this to work, but syntactically it's not a RowExpr:
+UPDATE update_test SET (a,b) = (v.*) FROM (VALUES(21, 101)) AS v(i, j)
+  WHERE update_test.a = v.i;
+
+-- if an alias for the target table is specified, don't allow references
+-- to the original table name
+UPDATE update_test AS t SET b = update_test.b + 10 WHERE t.a = 10;
+
+-- Make sure that we can update to a TOASTed value.
+UPDATE update_test SET c = repeat('x', 10000) WHERE c = 'car';
+SELECT a, b, char_length(c) FROM update_test;
+
+-- Check multi-assignment with a Result node to handle a one-time filter.
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE update_test t
+  SET (a, b) = (SELECT b, a FROM update_test s WHERE s.a = t.a)
+  WHERE CURRENT_USER = SESSION_USER;
+UPDATE update_test t
+  SET (a, b) = (SELECT b, a FROM update_test s WHERE s.a = t.a)
+  WHERE CURRENT_USER = SESSION_USER;
+SELECT a, b, char_length(c) FROM update_test;
+
+-- Test ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
+
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES(1, 'Boo'), (3, 'Zoo');
+-- uncorrelated  sub-select:
+WITH aaa AS (SELECT 1 AS a, 'Foo' AS b) INSERT INTO upsert_test
+  VALUES (1, 'Bar') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b, a FROM aaa) RETURNING *;
+-- correlated sub-select:
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES (1, 'Baz'), (3, 'Zaz') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b || ', Correlated', a from upsert_test i WHERE i.a = upsert_test.a)
+  RETURNING *;
+-- correlated sub-select (EXCLUDED.* alias):
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES (1, 'Bat'), (3, 'Zot') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b || ', Excluded', a from upsert_test i WHERE i.a = excluded.a)
+  RETURNING *;
+
+-- ON CONFLICT using system attributes in RETURNING, testing both the
+-- inserting and updating paths. See bug report at:
+-- https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/73436355-6432-49B1-92ED-1FE4F7E7E100%40finefun.com.au
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES (2, 'Beeble') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b || ', Excluded', a from upsert_test i WHERE i.a = excluded.a)
+  RETURNING tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid AS xmin_correct, xmax = 0 AS xmax_correct;
+-- currently xmax is set after a conflict - that's probably not good,
+-- but it seems worthwhile to have to be explicit if that changes.
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES (2, 'Brox') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b || ', Excluded', a from upsert_test i WHERE i.a = excluded.a)
+  RETURNING tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid AS xmin_correct, xmax = pg_current_xact_id()::xid AS xmax_correct;
+
+DROP TABLE update_test;
+DROP TABLE upsert_test;
+
+-- Test ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE with partitioned table and non-identical children
+
+CREATE TABLE upsert_test (
+    a   INT PRIMARY KEY,
+    b   TEXT
+) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+
+CREATE TABLE upsert_test_1 PARTITION OF upsert_test FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE upsert_test_2 (b TEXT, a INT PRIMARY KEY);
+ALTER TABLE upsert_test ATTACH PARTITION upsert_test_2 FOR VALUES IN (2);
+
+INSERT INTO upsert_test VALUES(1, 'Boo'), (2, 'Zoo');
+-- uncorrelated sub-select:
+WITH aaa AS (SELECT 1 AS a, 'Foo' AS b) INSERT INTO upsert_test
+  VALUES (1, 'Bar') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT b, a FROM aaa) RETURNING *;
+-- correlated sub-select:
+WITH aaa AS (SELECT 1 AS ctea, ' Foo' AS cteb) INSERT INTO upsert_test
+  VALUES (1, 'Bar'), (2, 'Baz') ON CONFLICT(a)
+  DO UPDATE SET (b, a) = (SELECT upsert_test.b||cteb, upsert_test.a FROM aaa) RETURNING *;
+
+DROP TABLE upsert_test;
+
+
+---------------------------
+-- UPDATE with row movement
+---------------------------
+
+-- When a partitioned table receives an UPDATE to the partitioned key and the
+-- new values no longer meet the partition's bound, the row must be moved to
+-- the correct partition for the new partition key (if one exists). We must
+-- also ensure that updatable views on partitioned tables properly enforce any
+-- WITH CHECK OPTION that is defined. The situation with triggers in this case
+-- also requires thorough testing as partition key updates causing row
+-- movement convert UPDATEs into DELETE+INSERT.
+
+CREATE TABLE range_parted (
+	a text,
+	b bigint,
+	c numeric,
+	d int,
+	e varchar
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, b);
+
+-- Create partitions intentionally in descending bound order, so as to test
+-- that update-row-movement works with the leaf partitions not in bound order.
+CREATE TABLE part_b_20_b_30 (e varchar, c numeric, a text, b bigint, d int);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION part_b_20_b_30 FOR VALUES FROM ('b', 20) TO ('b', 30);
+CREATE TABLE part_b_10_b_20 (e varchar, c numeric, a text, b bigint, d int) PARTITION BY RANGE (c);
+CREATE TABLE part_b_1_b_10 PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('b', 1) TO ('b', 10);
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ATTACH PARTITION part_b_10_b_20 FOR VALUES FROM ('b', 10) TO ('b', 20);
+CREATE TABLE part_a_10_a_20 PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a', 10) TO ('a', 20);
+CREATE TABLE part_a_1_a_10 PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a', 1) TO ('a', 10);
+
+-- Check that partition-key UPDATE works sanely on a partitioned table that
+-- does not have any child partitions.
+UPDATE part_b_10_b_20 set b = b - 6;
+
+-- Create some more partitions following the above pattern of descending bound
+-- order, but let's make the situation a bit more complex by having the
+-- attribute numbers of the columns vary from their parent partition.
+CREATE TABLE part_c_100_200 (e varchar, c numeric, a text, b bigint, d int) PARTITION BY range (abs(d));
+ALTER TABLE part_c_100_200 DROP COLUMN e, DROP COLUMN c, DROP COLUMN a;
+ALTER TABLE part_c_100_200 ADD COLUMN c numeric, ADD COLUMN e varchar, ADD COLUMN a text;
+ALTER TABLE part_c_100_200 DROP COLUMN b;
+ALTER TABLE part_c_100_200 ADD COLUMN b bigint;
+CREATE TABLE part_d_1_15 PARTITION OF part_c_100_200 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (15);
+CREATE TABLE part_d_15_20 PARTITION OF part_c_100_200 FOR VALUES FROM (15) TO (20);
+
+ALTER TABLE part_b_10_b_20 ATTACH PARTITION part_c_100_200 FOR VALUES FROM (100) TO (200);
+
+CREATE TABLE part_c_1_100 (e varchar, d int, c numeric, b bigint, a text);
+ALTER TABLE part_b_10_b_20 ATTACH PARTITION part_c_1_100 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100);
+
+\set init_range_parted 'truncate range_parted; insert into range_parted VALUES (''a'', 1, 1, 1), (''a'', 10, 200, 1), (''b'', 12, 96, 1), (''b'', 13, 97, 2), (''b'', 15, 105, 16), (''b'', 17, 105, 19)'
+\set show_data 'select tableoid::regclass::text COLLATE "C" partname, * from range_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6'
+:init_range_parted;
+:show_data;
+
+-- The order of subplans should be in bound order
+EXPLAIN (costs off) UPDATE range_parted set c = c - 50 WHERE c > 97;
+
+-- fail, row movement happens only within the partition subtree.
+UPDATE part_c_100_200 set c = c - 20, d = c WHERE c = 105;
+-- fail, no partition key update, so no attempt to move tuple,
+-- but "a = 'a'" violates partition constraint enforced by root partition)
+UPDATE part_b_10_b_20 set a = 'a';
+-- ok, partition key update, no constraint violation
+UPDATE range_parted set d = d - 10 WHERE d > 10;
+-- ok, no partition key update, no constraint violation
+UPDATE range_parted set e = d;
+-- No row found
+UPDATE part_c_1_100 set c = c + 20 WHERE c = 98;
+-- ok, row movement
+UPDATE part_b_10_b_20 set c = c + 20 returning c, b, a;
+:show_data;
+
+-- fail, row movement happens only within the partition subtree.
+UPDATE part_b_10_b_20 set b = b - 6 WHERE c > 116 returning *;
+-- ok, row movement, with subset of rows moved into different partition.
+UPDATE range_parted set b = b - 6 WHERE c > 116 returning a, b + c;
+
+:show_data;
+
+-- Common table needed for multiple test scenarios.
+CREATE TABLE mintab(c1 int);
+INSERT into mintab VALUES (120);
+
+-- update partition key using updatable view.
+CREATE VIEW upview AS SELECT * FROM range_parted WHERE (select c > c1 FROM mintab) WITH CHECK OPTION;
+-- ok
+UPDATE upview set c = 199 WHERE b = 4;
+-- fail, check option violation
+UPDATE upview set c = 120 WHERE b = 4;
+-- fail, row movement with check option violation
+UPDATE upview set a = 'b', b = 15, c = 120 WHERE b = 4;
+-- ok, row movement, check option passes
+UPDATE upview set a = 'b', b = 15 WHERE b = 4;
+
+:show_data;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP VIEW upview;
+
+-- RETURNING having whole-row vars.
+:init_range_parted;
+UPDATE range_parted set c = 95 WHERE a = 'b' and b > 10 and c > 100 returning (range_parted), *;
+:show_data;
+
+
+-- Transition tables with update row movement
+:init_range_parted;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION trans_updatetrigfunc() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %, new table = %',
+                 TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' ORDER BY a) FROM old_table),
+                 (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' ORDER BY a) FROM new_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER trans_updatetrig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON range_parted REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS old_table NEW TABLE AS new_table
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trans_updatetrigfunc();
+
+UPDATE range_parted set c = (case when c = 96 then 110 else c + 1 end ) WHERE a = 'b' and b > 10 and c >= 96;
+:show_data;
+:init_range_parted;
+
+-- Enabling OLD TABLE capture for both DELETE as well as UPDATE stmt triggers
+-- should not cause DELETEd rows to be captured twice. Similar thing for
+-- INSERT triggers and inserted rows.
+CREATE TRIGGER trans_deletetrig
+  AFTER DELETE ON range_parted REFERENCING OLD TABLE AS old_table
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trans_updatetrigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER trans_inserttrig
+  AFTER INSERT ON range_parted REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS new_table
+  FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trans_updatetrigfunc();
+UPDATE range_parted set c = c + 50 WHERE a = 'b' and b > 10 and c >= 96;
+:show_data;
+DROP TRIGGER trans_deletetrig ON range_parted;
+DROP TRIGGER trans_inserttrig ON range_parted;
+-- Don't drop trans_updatetrig yet. It is required below.
+
+-- Test with transition tuple conversion happening for rows moved into the
+-- new partition. This requires a trigger that references transition table
+-- (we already have trans_updatetrig). For inserted rows, the conversion
+-- is not usually needed, because the original tuple is already compatible with
+-- the desired transition tuple format. But conversion happens when there is a
+-- BR trigger because the trigger can change the inserted row. So install a
+-- BR triggers on those child partitions where the rows will be moved.
+CREATE FUNCTION func_parted_mod_b() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+   NEW.b = NEW.b + 1;
+   return NEW;
+END $$ language plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_c1_100 BEFORE UPDATE OR INSERT ON part_c_1_100
+   FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_parted_mod_b();
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_d1_15 BEFORE UPDATE OR INSERT ON part_d_1_15
+   FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_parted_mod_b();
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_d15_20 BEFORE UPDATE OR INSERT ON part_d_15_20
+   FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_parted_mod_b();
+:init_range_parted;
+UPDATE range_parted set c = (case when c = 96 then 110 else c + 1 end) WHERE a = 'b' and b > 10 and c >= 96;
+:show_data;
+:init_range_parted;
+UPDATE range_parted set c = c + 50 WHERE a = 'b' and b > 10 and c >= 96;
+:show_data;
+
+-- Case where per-partition tuple conversion map array is allocated, but the
+-- map is not required for the particular tuple that is routed, thanks to
+-- matching table attributes of the partition and the target table.
+:init_range_parted;
+UPDATE range_parted set b = 15 WHERE b = 1;
+:show_data;
+
+DROP TRIGGER trans_updatetrig ON range_parted;
+DROP TRIGGER trig_c1_100 ON part_c_1_100;
+DROP TRIGGER trig_d1_15 ON part_d_1_15;
+DROP TRIGGER trig_d15_20 ON part_d_15_20;
+DROP FUNCTION func_parted_mod_b();
+
+-- RLS policies with update-row-movement
+-----------------------------------------
+
+ALTER TABLE range_parted ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE USER regress_range_parted_user;
+GRANT ALL ON range_parted, mintab TO regress_range_parted_user;
+CREATE POLICY seeall ON range_parted AS PERMISSIVE FOR SELECT USING (true);
+CREATE POLICY policy_range_parted ON range_parted for UPDATE USING (true) WITH CHECK (c % 2 = 0);
+
+:init_range_parted;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+-- This should fail with RLS violation error while moving row from
+-- part_a_10_a_20 to part_d_1_15, because we are setting 'c' to an odd number.
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 151 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+-- Create a trigger on part_d_1_15
+CREATE FUNCTION func_d_1_15() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+   NEW.c = NEW.c + 1; -- Make even numbers odd, or vice versa
+   return NEW;
+END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_d_1_15 BEFORE INSERT ON part_d_1_15
+   FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_d_1_15();
+
+:init_range_parted;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+
+-- Here, RLS checks should succeed while moving row from part_a_10_a_20 to
+-- part_d_1_15. Even though the UPDATE is setting 'c' to an odd number, the
+-- trigger at the destination partition again makes it an even number.
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 151 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+:init_range_parted;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+-- This should fail with RLS violation error. Even though the UPDATE is setting
+-- 'c' to an even number, the trigger at the destination partition again makes
+-- it an odd number.
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 150 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+
+-- Cleanup
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TRIGGER trig_d_1_15 ON part_d_1_15;
+DROP FUNCTION func_d_1_15();
+
+-- Policy expression contains SubPlan
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+:init_range_parted;
+CREATE POLICY policy_range_parted_subplan on range_parted
+    AS RESTRICTIVE for UPDATE USING (true)
+    WITH CHECK ((SELECT range_parted.c <= c1 FROM mintab));
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+-- fail, mintab has row with c1 = 120
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 122 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+-- ok
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 120 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+
+-- RLS policy expression contains whole row.
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+:init_range_parted;
+CREATE POLICY policy_range_parted_wholerow on range_parted AS RESTRICTIVE for UPDATE USING (true)
+   WITH CHECK (range_parted = row('b', 10, 112, 1, NULL)::range_parted);
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+-- ok, should pass the RLS check
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 112 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+:init_range_parted;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_range_parted_user;
+-- fail, the whole row RLS check should fail
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b', c = 116 WHERE a = 'a' and c = 200;
+
+-- Cleanup
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP POLICY policy_range_parted ON range_parted;
+DROP POLICY policy_range_parted_subplan ON range_parted;
+DROP POLICY policy_range_parted_wholerow ON range_parted;
+REVOKE ALL ON range_parted, mintab FROM regress_range_parted_user;
+DROP USER regress_range_parted_user;
+DROP TABLE mintab;
+
+
+-- statement triggers with update row movement
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+:init_range_parted;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = % fired on table % during %',
+                 TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_OP;
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+-- Triggers on root partition
+CREATE TRIGGER parent_delete_trig
+  AFTER DELETE ON range_parted for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER parent_update_trig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON range_parted for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER parent_insert_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON range_parted for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+
+-- Triggers on leaf partition part_c_1_100
+CREATE TRIGGER c1_delete_trig
+  AFTER DELETE ON part_c_1_100 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER c1_update_trig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON part_c_1_100 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER c1_insert_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON part_c_1_100 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+
+-- Triggers on leaf partition part_d_1_15
+CREATE TRIGGER d1_delete_trig
+  AFTER DELETE ON part_d_1_15 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER d1_update_trig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON part_d_1_15 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER d1_insert_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON part_d_1_15 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+-- Triggers on leaf partition part_d_15_20
+CREATE TRIGGER d15_delete_trig
+  AFTER DELETE ON part_d_15_20 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER d15_update_trig
+  AFTER UPDATE ON part_d_15_20 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+CREATE TRIGGER d15_insert_trig
+  AFTER INSERT ON part_d_15_20 for each statement execute procedure trigfunc();
+
+-- Move all rows from part_c_100_200 to part_c_1_100. None of the delete or
+-- insert statement triggers should be fired.
+UPDATE range_parted set c = c - 50 WHERE c > 97;
+:show_data;
+
+DROP TRIGGER parent_delete_trig ON range_parted;
+DROP TRIGGER parent_update_trig ON range_parted;
+DROP TRIGGER parent_insert_trig ON range_parted;
+DROP TRIGGER c1_delete_trig ON part_c_1_100;
+DROP TRIGGER c1_update_trig ON part_c_1_100;
+DROP TRIGGER c1_insert_trig ON part_c_1_100;
+DROP TRIGGER d1_delete_trig ON part_d_1_15;
+DROP TRIGGER d1_update_trig ON part_d_1_15;
+DROP TRIGGER d1_insert_trig ON part_d_1_15;
+DROP TRIGGER d15_delete_trig ON part_d_15_20;
+DROP TRIGGER d15_update_trig ON part_d_15_20;
+DROP TRIGGER d15_insert_trig ON part_d_15_20;
+
+
+-- Creating default partition for range
+:init_range_parted;
+create table part_def partition of range_parted default;
+\d+ part_def
+insert into range_parted values ('c', 9);
+-- ok
+update part_def set a = 'd' where a = 'c';
+-- fail
+update part_def set a = 'a' where a = 'd';
+
+:show_data;
+
+-- Update row movement from non-default to default partition.
+-- fail, default partition is not under part_a_10_a_20;
+UPDATE part_a_10_a_20 set a = 'ad' WHERE a = 'a';
+-- ok
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'ad' WHERE a = 'a';
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'bd' WHERE a = 'b';
+:show_data;
+-- Update row movement from default to non-default partitions.
+-- ok
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'a' WHERE a = 'ad';
+UPDATE range_parted set a = 'b' WHERE a = 'bd';
+:show_data;
+
+-- Cleanup: range_parted no longer needed.
+DROP TABLE range_parted;
+
+CREATE TABLE list_parted (
+	a text,
+	b int
+) PARTITION BY list (a);
+CREATE TABLE list_part1  PARTITION OF list_parted for VALUES in ('a', 'b');
+CREATE TABLE list_default PARTITION OF list_parted default;
+INSERT into list_part1 VALUES ('a', 1);
+INSERT into list_default VALUES ('d', 10);
+
+-- fail
+UPDATE list_default set a = 'a' WHERE a = 'd';
+-- ok
+UPDATE list_default set a = 'x' WHERE a = 'd';
+
+DROP TABLE list_parted;
+
+-- Test retrieval of system columns with non-consistent partition row types.
+-- This is only partially supported, as seen in the results.
+
+create table utrtest (a int, b text) partition by list (a);
+create table utr1 (a int check (a in (1)), q text, b text);
+create table utr2 (a int check (a in (2)), b text);
+alter table utr1 drop column q;
+alter table utrtest attach partition utr1 for values in (1);
+alter table utrtest attach partition utr2 for values in (2);
+
+insert into utrtest values (1, 'foo')
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid as xmin_ok;
+insert into utrtest values (2, 'bar')
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid as xmin_ok;  -- fails
+insert into utrtest values (2, 'bar')
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass;
+
+update utrtest set b = b || b from (values (1), (2)) s(x) where a = s.x
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid as xmin_ok;
+
+update utrtest set a = 3 - a from (values (1), (2)) s(x) where a = s.x
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass, xmin = pg_current_xact_id()::xid as xmin_ok;  -- fails
+
+update utrtest set a = 3 - a from (values (1), (2)) s(x) where a = s.x
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass;
+
+delete from utrtest
+  returning *, tableoid::regclass, xmax = pg_current_xact_id()::xid as xmax_ok;
+
+drop table utrtest;
+
+
+--------------
+-- Some more update-partition-key test scenarios below. This time use list
+-- partitions.
+--------------
+
+-- Setup for list partitions
+CREATE TABLE list_parted (a numeric, b int, c int8) PARTITION BY list (a);
+CREATE TABLE sub_parted PARTITION OF list_parted for VALUES in (1) PARTITION BY list (b);
+
+CREATE TABLE sub_part1(b int, c int8, a numeric);
+ALTER TABLE sub_parted ATTACH PARTITION sub_part1 for VALUES in (1);
+CREATE TABLE sub_part2(b int, c int8, a numeric);
+ALTER TABLE sub_parted ATTACH PARTITION sub_part2 for VALUES in (2);
+
+CREATE TABLE list_part1(a numeric, b int, c int8);
+ALTER TABLE list_parted ATTACH PARTITION list_part1 for VALUES in (2,3);
+
+INSERT into list_parted VALUES (2,5,50);
+INSERT into list_parted VALUES (3,6,60);
+INSERT into sub_parted VALUES (1,1,60);
+INSERT into sub_parted VALUES (1,2,10);
+
+-- Test partition constraint violation when intermediate ancestor is used and
+-- constraint is inherited from upper root.
+UPDATE sub_parted set a = 2 WHERE c = 10;
+
+-- Test update-partition-key, where the unpruned partitions do not have their
+-- partition keys updated.
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted WHERE a = 2 ORDER BY 1;
+UPDATE list_parted set b = c + a WHERE a = 2;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted WHERE a = 2 ORDER BY 1;
+
+
+-- Test the case where BR UPDATE triggers change the partition key.
+CREATE FUNCTION func_parted_mod_b() returns trigger as $$
+BEGIN
+   NEW.b = 2; -- This is changing partition key column.
+   return NEW;
+END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER parted_mod_b before update on sub_part1
+   for each row execute procedure func_parted_mod_b();
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+
+-- This should do the tuple routing even though there is no explicit
+-- partition-key update, because there is a trigger on sub_part1.
+UPDATE list_parted set c = 70 WHERE b  = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+
+DROP TRIGGER parted_mod_b ON sub_part1;
+
+-- If BR DELETE trigger prevented DELETE from happening, we should also skip
+-- the INSERT if that delete is part of UPDATE=>DELETE+INSERT.
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION func_parted_mod_b() returns trigger as $$
+BEGIN
+   raise notice 'Trigger: Got OLD row %, but returning NULL', OLD;
+   return NULL;
+END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER trig_skip_delete before delete on sub_part2
+   for each row execute procedure func_parted_mod_b();
+UPDATE list_parted set b = 1 WHERE c = 70;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+-- Drop the trigger. Now the row should be moved.
+DROP TRIGGER trig_skip_delete ON sub_part2;
+UPDATE list_parted set b = 1 WHERE c = 70;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+DROP FUNCTION func_parted_mod_b();
+
+-- UPDATE partition-key with FROM clause. If join produces multiple output
+-- rows for the same row to be modified, we should tuple-route the row only
+-- once. There should not be any rows inserted.
+CREATE TABLE non_parted (id int);
+INSERT into non_parted VALUES (1), (1), (1), (2), (2), (2), (3), (3), (3);
+UPDATE list_parted t1 set a = 2 FROM non_parted t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.id and a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass::text, * FROM list_parted ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;
+DROP TABLE non_parted;
+
+-- Cleanup: list_parted no longer needed.
+DROP TABLE list_parted;
+
+-- create custom operator class and hash function, for the same reason
+-- explained in alter_table.sql
+create or replace function dummy_hashint4(a int4, seed int8) returns int8 as
+$$ begin return (a + seed); end; $$ language 'plpgsql' immutable;
+create operator class custom_opclass for type int4 using hash as
+operator 1 = , function 2 dummy_hashint4(int4, int8);
+
+create table hash_parted (
+	a int,
+	b int
+) partition by hash (a custom_opclass, b custom_opclass);
+create table hpart1 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 2, remainder 1);
+create table hpart2 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 4, remainder 2);
+create table hpart3 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 8, remainder 0);
+create table hpart4 partition of hash_parted for values with (modulus 8, remainder 4);
+insert into hpart1 values (1, 1);
+insert into hpart2 values (2, 5);
+insert into hpart4 values (3, 4);
+
+-- fail
+update hpart1 set a = 3, b=4 where a = 1;
+-- ok, row movement
+update hash_parted set b = b - 1 where b = 1;
+-- ok
+update hash_parted set b = b + 8 where b = 1;
+
+-- cleanup
+drop table hash_parted;
+drop operator class custom_opclass using hash;
+drop function dummy_hashint4(a int4, seed int8);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/uuid.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/uuid.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bd3b35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/uuid.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+-- regression test for the uuid datatype
+-- creating test tables
+CREATE TABLE guid1
+(
+	guid_field UUID,
+	text_field TEXT DEFAULT(now())
+);
+CREATE TABLE guid2
+(
+	guid_field UUID,
+	text_field TEXT DEFAULT(now())
+);
+
+-- inserting invalid data tests
+-- too long
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111F');
+-- too short
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('{11111111-1111-1111-1111-11111111111}');
+-- valid data but invalid format
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('111-11111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111');
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('{22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222 ');
+-- invalid data
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-G111-111111111111');
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11+11111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111');
+
+--inserting three input formats
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111');
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('{22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222}');
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('3f3e3c3b3a3039383736353433a2313e');
+
+-- retrieving the inserted data
+SELECT guid_field FROM guid1;
+
+-- ordering test
+SELECT guid_field FROM guid1 ORDER BY guid_field ASC;
+SELECT guid_field FROM guid1 ORDER BY guid_field DESC;
+
+-- = operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field = '3f3e3c3b-3a30-3938-3736-353433a2313e';
+
+-- <> operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field <> '11111111111111111111111111111111';
+
+-- < operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field < '22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222';
+
+-- <= operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field <= '22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222';
+
+-- > operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field > '22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222';
+
+-- >= operator test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 WHERE guid_field >= '22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222';
+
+-- btree and hash index creation test
+CREATE INDEX guid1_btree ON guid1 USING BTREE (guid_field);
+CREATE INDEX guid1_hash  ON guid1 USING HASH  (guid_field);
+
+-- unique index test
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX guid1_unique_BTREE ON guid1 USING BTREE (guid_field);
+-- should fail
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111');
+
+-- check to see whether the new indexes are actually there
+SELECT count(*) FROM pg_class WHERE relkind='i' AND relname LIKE 'guid%';
+
+-- populating the test tables with additional records
+INSERT INTO guid1(guid_field) VALUES('44444444-4444-4444-4444-444444444444');
+INSERT INTO guid2(guid_field) VALUES('11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111');
+INSERT INTO guid2(guid_field) VALUES('{22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222}');
+INSERT INTO guid2(guid_field) VALUES('3f3e3c3b3a3039383736353433a2313e');
+
+-- join test
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 g1 INNER JOIN guid2 g2 ON g1.guid_field = g2.guid_field;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM guid1 g1 LEFT JOIN guid2 g2 ON g1.guid_field = g2.guid_field WHERE g2.guid_field IS NULL;
+
+-- generation test
+TRUNCATE guid1;
+INSERT INTO guid1 (guid_field) VALUES (gen_random_uuid());
+INSERT INTO guid1 (guid_field) VALUES (gen_random_uuid());
+SELECT count(DISTINCT guid_field) FROM guid1;
+
+-- clean up
+DROP TABLE guid1, guid2 CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/vacuum.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/vacuum.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9faa8a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/vacuum.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+--
+-- VACUUM
+--
+
+CREATE TABLE vactst (i INT);
+INSERT INTO vactst VALUES (1);
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst VALUES (0);
+SELECT count(*) FROM vactst;
+DELETE FROM vactst WHERE i != 0;
+SELECT * FROM vactst;
+VACUUM FULL vactst;
+UPDATE vactst SET i = i + 1;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT * FROM vactst;
+INSERT INTO vactst VALUES (0);
+SELECT count(*) FROM vactst;
+DELETE FROM vactst WHERE i != 0;
+VACUUM (FULL) vactst;
+DELETE FROM vactst;
+SELECT * FROM vactst;
+
+VACUUM (FULL, FREEZE) vactst;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE, FULL) vactst;
+
+CREATE TABLE vaccluster (i INT PRIMARY KEY);
+ALTER TABLE vaccluster CLUSTER ON vaccluster_pkey;
+CLUSTER vaccluster;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION do_analyze() RETURNS VOID VOLATILE LANGUAGE SQL
+	AS 'ANALYZE pg_am';
+CREATE FUNCTION wrap_do_analyze(c INT) RETURNS INT IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE SQL
+	AS 'SELECT $1 FROM do_analyze()';
+CREATE INDEX ON vaccluster(wrap_do_analyze(i));
+INSERT INTO vaccluster VALUES (1), (2);
+ANALYZE vaccluster;
+
+-- Test ANALYZE in transaction, where the transaction surrounding
+-- analyze performed modifications. This tests for the bug at
+-- https://postgr.es/m/c7988239-d42c-ddc4-41db-171b23b35e4f%40ssinger.info
+-- (which hopefully is unlikely to be reintroduced), but also seems
+-- independently worthwhile to cover.
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT generate_series(1, 300);
+DELETE FROM vactst WHERE i % 7 = 0; -- delete a few rows outside
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO vactst SELECT generate_series(301, 400);
+DELETE FROM vactst WHERE i % 5 <> 0; -- delete a few rows inside
+ANALYZE vactst;
+COMMIT;
+
+VACUUM FULL pg_am;
+VACUUM FULL pg_class;
+VACUUM FULL pg_database;
+VACUUM FULL vaccluster;
+VACUUM FULL vactst;
+
+VACUUM (DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) vaccluster;
+
+-- PARALLEL option
+CREATE TABLE pvactst (i INT, a INT[], p POINT) with (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+INSERT INTO pvactst SELECT i, array[1,2,3], point(i, i+1) FROM generate_series(1,1000) i;
+CREATE INDEX btree_pvactst ON pvactst USING btree (i);
+CREATE INDEX hash_pvactst ON pvactst USING hash (i);
+CREATE INDEX brin_pvactst ON pvactst USING brin (i);
+CREATE INDEX gin_pvactst ON pvactst USING gin (a);
+CREATE INDEX gist_pvactst ON pvactst USING gist (p);
+CREATE INDEX spgist_pvactst ON pvactst USING spgist (p);
+
+-- VACUUM invokes parallel index cleanup
+SET min_parallel_index_scan_size to 0;
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 2) pvactst;
+
+-- VACUUM invokes parallel bulk-deletion
+UPDATE pvactst SET i = i WHERE i < 1000;
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 2) pvactst;
+
+UPDATE pvactst SET i = i WHERE i < 1000;
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 0) pvactst; -- disable parallel vacuum
+
+VACUUM (PARALLEL -1) pvactst; -- error
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 2, INDEX_CLEANUP FALSE) pvactst;
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 2, FULL TRUE) pvactst; -- error, cannot use both PARALLEL and FULL
+VACUUM (PARALLEL) pvactst; -- error, cannot use PARALLEL option without parallel degree
+
+-- Test different combinations of parallel and full options for temporary tables
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE INDEX tmp_idx1 ON tmp (a);
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 1, FULL FALSE) tmp; -- parallel vacuum disabled for temp tables
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 0, FULL TRUE) tmp; -- can specify parallel disabled (even though that's implied by FULL)
+RESET min_parallel_index_scan_size;
+DROP TABLE pvactst;
+
+-- INDEX_CLEANUP option
+CREATE TABLE no_index_cleanup (i INT PRIMARY KEY, t TEXT);
+-- Use uncompressed data stored in toast.
+CREATE INDEX no_index_cleanup_idx ON no_index_cleanup(t);
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup ALTER COLUMN t SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+INSERT INTO no_index_cleanup(i, t) VALUES (generate_series(1,30),
+    repeat('1234567890',269));
+-- index cleanup option is ignored if VACUUM FULL
+VACUUM (INDEX_CLEANUP TRUE, FULL TRUE) no_index_cleanup;
+VACUUM (FULL TRUE) no_index_cleanup;
+-- Toast inherits the value from its parent table.
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup SET (vacuum_index_cleanup = false);
+DELETE FROM no_index_cleanup WHERE i < 15;
+-- Nothing is cleaned up.
+VACUUM no_index_cleanup;
+-- Both parent relation and toast are cleaned up.
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup SET (vacuum_index_cleanup = true);
+VACUUM no_index_cleanup;
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup SET (vacuum_index_cleanup = auto);
+VACUUM no_index_cleanup;
+-- Parameter is set for both the parent table and its toast relation.
+INSERT INTO no_index_cleanup(i, t) VALUES (generate_series(31,60),
+    repeat('1234567890',269));
+DELETE FROM no_index_cleanup WHERE i < 45;
+-- Only toast index is cleaned up.
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup SET (vacuum_index_cleanup = off,
+    toast.vacuum_index_cleanup = yes);
+VACUUM no_index_cleanup;
+-- Only parent is cleaned up.
+ALTER TABLE no_index_cleanup SET (vacuum_index_cleanup = true,
+    toast.vacuum_index_cleanup = false);
+VACUUM no_index_cleanup;
+-- Test some extra relations.
+VACUUM (INDEX_CLEANUP FALSE) vaccluster;
+VACUUM (INDEX_CLEANUP AUTO) vactst; -- index cleanup option is ignored if no indexes
+VACUUM (INDEX_CLEANUP FALSE, FREEZE TRUE) vaccluster;
+
+-- TRUNCATE option
+CREATE TEMP TABLE vac_truncate_test(i INT NOT NULL, j text)
+	WITH (vacuum_truncate=true, autovacuum_enabled=false);
+INSERT INTO vac_truncate_test VALUES (1, NULL), (NULL, NULL);
+VACUUM (TRUNCATE FALSE, DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) vac_truncate_test;
+SELECT pg_relation_size('vac_truncate_test') > 0;
+VACUUM (DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) vac_truncate_test;
+SELECT pg_relation_size('vac_truncate_test') = 0;
+VACUUM (TRUNCATE FALSE, FULL TRUE) vac_truncate_test;
+DROP TABLE vac_truncate_test;
+
+-- partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE vacparted (a int, b char) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE vacparted1 PARTITION OF vacparted FOR VALUES IN (1);
+INSERT INTO vacparted VALUES (1, 'a');
+UPDATE vacparted SET b = 'b';
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacparted;
+VACUUM (FULL) vacparted;
+VACUUM (FREEZE) vacparted;
+
+-- check behavior with duplicate column mentions
+VACUUM ANALYZE vacparted(a,b,a);
+ANALYZE vacparted(a,b,b);
+
+-- partitioned table with index
+CREATE TABLE vacparted_i (a int primary key, b varchar(100))
+  PARTITION BY HASH (a);
+CREATE TABLE vacparted_i1 PARTITION OF vacparted_i
+  FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
+CREATE TABLE vacparted_i2 PARTITION OF vacparted_i
+  FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1);
+INSERT INTO vacparted_i SELECT i, 'test_'|| i from generate_series(1,10) i;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacparted_i;
+VACUUM (FULL) vacparted_i;
+VACUUM (FREEZE) vacparted_i;
+SELECT relname, relhasindex FROM pg_class
+  WHERE relname LIKE 'vacparted_i%' AND relkind IN ('p','r')
+  ORDER BY relname;
+DROP TABLE vacparted_i;
+
+-- multiple tables specified
+VACUUM vaccluster, vactst;
+VACUUM vacparted, does_not_exist;
+VACUUM (FREEZE) vacparted, vaccluster, vactst;
+VACUUM (FREEZE) does_not_exist, vaccluster;
+VACUUM ANALYZE vactst, vacparted (a);
+VACUUM ANALYZE vactst (does_not_exist), vacparted (b);
+VACUUM FULL vacparted, vactst;
+VACUUM FULL vactst, vacparted (a, b), vaccluster (i);
+ANALYZE vactst, vacparted;
+ANALYZE vacparted (b), vactst;
+ANALYZE vactst, does_not_exist, vacparted;
+ANALYZE vactst (i), vacparted (does_not_exist);
+ANALYZE vactst, vactst;
+BEGIN;  -- ANALYZE behaves differently inside a transaction block
+ANALYZE vactst, vactst;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- parenthesized syntax for ANALYZE
+ANALYZE (VERBOSE) does_not_exist;
+ANALYZE (nonexistent-arg) does_not_exist;
+ANALYZE (nonexistentarg) does_not_exit;
+
+-- ensure argument order independence, and that SKIP_LOCKED on non-existing
+-- relation still errors out.  Suppress WARNING messages caused by concurrent
+-- autovacuums.
+SET client_min_messages TO 'ERROR';
+ANALYZE (SKIP_LOCKED, VERBOSE) does_not_exist;
+ANALYZE (VERBOSE, SKIP_LOCKED) does_not_exist;
+
+-- SKIP_LOCKED option
+VACUUM (SKIP_LOCKED) vactst;
+VACUUM (SKIP_LOCKED, FULL) vactst;
+ANALYZE (SKIP_LOCKED) vactst;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+-- ensure VACUUM and ANALYZE don't have a problem with serializable
+SET default_transaction_isolation = serializable;
+VACUUM vactst;
+ANALYZE vactst;
+RESET default_transaction_isolation;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+ANALYZE vactst;
+COMMIT;
+
+-- PROCESS_TOAST option
+ALTER TABLE vactst ADD COLUMN t TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE vactst ALTER COLUMN t SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
+VACUUM (PROCESS_TOAST FALSE) vactst;
+VACUUM (PROCESS_TOAST FALSE, FULL) vactst;
+
+DROP TABLE vaccluster;
+DROP TABLE vactst;
+DROP TABLE vacparted;
+DROP TABLE no_index_cleanup;
+
+-- relation ownership, WARNING logs generated as all are skipped.
+CREATE TABLE vacowned (a int);
+CREATE TABLE vacowned_parted (a int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
+CREATE TABLE vacowned_part1 PARTITION OF vacowned_parted FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE vacowned_part2 PARTITION OF vacowned_parted FOR VALUES IN (2);
+CREATE ROLE regress_vacuum;
+SET ROLE regress_vacuum;
+-- Simple table
+VACUUM vacowned;
+ANALYZE vacowned;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned;
+-- Catalog
+VACUUM pg_catalog.pg_class;
+ANALYZE pg_catalog.pg_class;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) pg_catalog.pg_class;
+-- Shared catalog
+VACUUM pg_catalog.pg_authid;
+ANALYZE pg_catalog.pg_authid;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) pg_catalog.pg_authid;
+-- Partitioned table and its partitions, nothing owned by other user.
+-- Relations are not listed in a single command to test ownership
+-- independently.
+VACUUM vacowned_parted;
+VACUUM vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM vacowned_part2;
+ANALYZE vacowned_parted;
+ANALYZE vacowned_part1;
+ANALYZE vacowned_part2;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_parted;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part2;
+RESET ROLE;
+-- Partitioned table and one partition owned by other user.
+ALTER TABLE vacowned_parted OWNER TO regress_vacuum;
+ALTER TABLE vacowned_part1 OWNER TO regress_vacuum;
+SET ROLE regress_vacuum;
+VACUUM vacowned_parted;
+VACUUM vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM vacowned_part2;
+ANALYZE vacowned_parted;
+ANALYZE vacowned_part1;
+ANALYZE vacowned_part2;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_parted;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part2;
+RESET ROLE;
+-- Only one partition owned by other user.
+ALTER TABLE vacowned_parted OWNER TO CURRENT_USER;
+SET ROLE regress_vacuum;
+VACUUM vacowned_parted;
+VACUUM vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM vacowned_part2;
+ANALYZE vacowned_parted;
+ANALYZE vacowned_part1;
+ANALYZE vacowned_part2;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_parted;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part2;
+RESET ROLE;
+-- Only partitioned table owned by other user.
+ALTER TABLE vacowned_parted OWNER TO regress_vacuum;
+ALTER TABLE vacowned_part1 OWNER TO CURRENT_USER;
+SET ROLE regress_vacuum;
+VACUUM vacowned_parted;
+VACUUM vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM vacowned_part2;
+ANALYZE vacowned_parted;
+ANALYZE vacowned_part1;
+ANALYZE vacowned_part2;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_parted;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part1;
+VACUUM (ANALYZE) vacowned_part2;
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP TABLE vacowned;
+DROP TABLE vacowned_parted;
+DROP ROLE regress_vacuum;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/vacuum_parallel.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/vacuum_parallel.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d23f33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/vacuum_parallel.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+SET max_parallel_maintenance_workers TO 4;
+SET min_parallel_index_scan_size TO '128kB';
+
+-- Bug #17245: Make sure that we don't totally fail to VACUUM individual indexes that
+-- happen to be below min_parallel_index_scan_size during parallel VACUUM:
+CREATE TABLE parallel_vacuum_table (a int) WITH (autovacuum_enabled = off);
+INSERT INTO parallel_vacuum_table SELECT i from generate_series(1, 10000) i;
+
+-- Parallel VACUUM will never be used unless there are at least two indexes
+-- that exceed min_parallel_index_scan_size.  Create two such indexes, and
+-- a third index that is smaller than min_parallel_index_scan_size.
+CREATE INDEX regular_sized_index ON parallel_vacuum_table(a);
+CREATE INDEX typically_sized_index ON parallel_vacuum_table(a);
+-- Note: vacuum_in_leader_small_index can apply deduplication, making it ~3x
+-- smaller than the other indexes
+CREATE INDEX vacuum_in_leader_small_index ON parallel_vacuum_table((1));
+
+-- Verify (as best we can) that the cost model for parallel VACUUM
+-- will make our VACUUM run in parallel, while always leaving it up to the
+-- parallel leader to handle the vacuum_in_leader_small_index index:
+SELECT EXISTS (
+SELECT 1
+FROM pg_class
+WHERE oid = 'vacuum_in_leader_small_index'::regclass AND
+  pg_relation_size(oid) <
+  pg_size_bytes(current_setting('min_parallel_index_scan_size'))
+) as leader_will_handle_small_index;
+SELECT count(*) as trigger_parallel_vacuum_nindexes
+FROM pg_class
+WHERE oid in ('regular_sized_index'::regclass, 'typically_sized_index'::regclass) AND
+  pg_relation_size(oid) >=
+  pg_size_bytes(current_setting('min_parallel_index_scan_size'));
+
+-- Parallel VACUUM with B-Tree page deletions, ambulkdelete calls:
+DELETE FROM parallel_vacuum_table;
+VACUUM (PARALLEL 4, INDEX_CLEANUP ON) parallel_vacuum_table;
+
+-- Since vacuum_in_leader_small_index uses deduplication, we expect an
+-- assertion failure with bug #17245 (in the absence of bugfix):
+INSERT INTO parallel_vacuum_table SELECT i FROM generate_series(1, 10000) i;
+
+RESET max_parallel_maintenance_workers;
+RESET min_parallel_index_scan_size;
+
+-- Deliberately don't drop table, to get further coverage from tools like
+-- pg_amcheck in some testing scenarios
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/varchar.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/varchar.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a970821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/varchar.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+--
+-- VARCHAR
+--
+
+--
+-- Build a table for testing
+-- (This temporarily hides the table created in test_setup.sql)
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE VARCHAR_TBL(f1 varchar(1));
+
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a');
+
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('A');
+
+-- any of the following three input formats are acceptable
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1');
+
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (2);
+
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('3');
+
+-- zero-length char
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('');
+
+-- try varchar's of greater than 1 length
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('cd');
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('c     ');
+
+
+SELECT * FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <> 'a';
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 = 'a';
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 < 'a';
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 <= 'a';
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 > 'a';
+
+SELECT c.*
+   FROM VARCHAR_TBL c
+   WHERE c.f1 >= 'a';
+
+DROP TABLE VARCHAR_TBL;
+
+--
+-- Now test longer arrays of char
+--
+-- This varchar_tbl was already created and filled in test_setup.sql.
+-- Here we just try to insert bad values.
+--
+
+INSERT INTO VARCHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcde');
+
+SELECT * FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/window.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/window.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..253c1b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/window.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1632 @@
+--
+-- WINDOW FUNCTIONS
+--
+
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE empsalary (
+    depname varchar,
+    empno bigint,
+    salary int,
+    enroll_date date
+);
+
+INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES
+('develop', 10, 5200, '2007-08-01'),
+('sales', 1, 5000, '2006-10-01'),
+('personnel', 5, 3500, '2007-12-10'),
+('sales', 4, 4800, '2007-08-08'),
+('personnel', 2, 3900, '2006-12-23'),
+('develop', 7, 4200, '2008-01-01'),
+('develop', 9, 4500, '2008-01-01'),
+('sales', 3, 4800, '2007-08-01'),
+('develop', 8, 6000, '2006-10-01'),
+('develop', 11, 5200, '2007-08-15');
+
+SELECT depname, empno, salary, sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) FROM empsalary ORDER BY depname, salary;
+
+SELECT depname, empno, salary, rank() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary) FROM empsalary;
+
+-- with GROUP BY
+SELECT four, ten, SUM(SUM(four)) OVER (PARTITION BY four), AVG(ten) FROM tenk1
+GROUP BY four, ten ORDER BY four, ten;
+
+SELECT depname, empno, salary, sum(salary) OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname);
+
+SELECT depname, empno, salary, rank() OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary) ORDER BY rank() OVER w;
+
+-- empty window specification
+SELECT COUNT(*) OVER () FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) OVER w FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 WINDOW w AS ();
+
+-- no window operation
+SELECT four FROM tenk1 WHERE FALSE WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY ten);
+
+-- cumulative aggregate
+SELECT sum(four) OVER (PARTITION BY ten ORDER BY unique2) AS sum_1, ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY unique2) FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) AS rank_1, ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT dense_rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT percent_rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT cume_dist() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT ntile(3) OVER (ORDER BY ten, four), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT ntile(NULL) OVER (ORDER BY ten, four), ten, four FROM tenk1 LIMIT 2;
+
+SELECT lag(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT lag(ten, four) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT lag(ten, four, 0) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+SELECT lag(ten, four, 0.7) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten;
+
+SELECT lead(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT lead(ten * 2, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT lead(ten * 2, 1, -1) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+SELECT lead(ten * 2, 1, -1.4) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten;
+
+SELECT first_value(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+-- last_value returns the last row of the frame, which is CURRENT ROW in ORDER BY window.
+SELECT last_value(four) OVER (ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT last_value(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four FROM
+	(SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten)s
+	ORDER BY four, ten;
+
+SELECT nth_value(ten, four + 1) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four
+	FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten)s;
+
+SELECT ten, two, sum(hundred) AS gsum, sum(sum(hundred)) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS wsum
+FROM tenk1 GROUP BY ten, two;
+
+SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four), four FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE two = 1)s WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT (count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) +
+  sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten))::varchar AS cntsum
+  FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+-- opexpr with different windows evaluation.
+SELECT * FROM(
+  SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) +
+    sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS total,
+    count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) AS fourcount,
+    sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS twosum
+    FROM tenk1
+)sub
+WHERE total <> fourcount + twosum;
+
+SELECT avg(four) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY thousand / 100) FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT ten, two, sum(hundred) AS gsum, sum(sum(hundred)) OVER win AS wsum
+FROM tenk1 GROUP BY ten, two WINDOW win AS (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten);
+
+-- more than one window with GROUP BY
+SELECT sum(salary),
+	row_number() OVER (ORDER BY depname),
+	sum(sum(salary)) OVER (ORDER BY depname DESC)
+FROM empsalary GROUP BY depname;
+
+-- identical windows with different names
+SELECT sum(salary) OVER w1, count(*) OVER w2
+FROM empsalary WINDOW w1 AS (ORDER BY salary), w2 AS (ORDER BY salary);
+
+-- subplan
+SELECT lead(ten, (SELECT two FROM tenk1 WHERE s.unique2 = unique2)) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten)
+FROM tenk1 s WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+-- empty table
+SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four) FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE FALSE)s;
+
+-- mixture of agg/wfunc in the same window
+SELECT sum(salary) OVER w, rank() OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary DESC);
+
+-- strict aggs
+SELECT empno, depname, salary, bonus, depadj, MIN(bonus) OVER (ORDER BY empno), MAX(depadj) OVER () FROM(
+	SELECT *,
+		CASE WHEN enroll_date < '2008-01-01' THEN 2008 - extract(YEAR FROM enroll_date) END * 500 AS bonus,
+		CASE WHEN
+			AVG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) < salary
+		THEN 200 END AS depadj FROM empsalary
+)s;
+
+-- window function over ungrouped agg over empty row set (bug before 9.1)
+SELECT SUM(COUNT(f1)) OVER () FROM int4_tbl WHERE f1=42;
+
+-- window function with ORDER BY an expression involving aggregates (9.1 bug)
+select ten,
+  sum(unique1) + sum(unique2) as res,
+  rank() over (order by sum(unique1) + sum(unique2)) as rank
+from tenk1
+group by ten order by ten;
+
+-- window and aggregate with GROUP BY expression (9.2 bug)
+explain (costs off)
+select first_value(max(x)) over (), y
+  from (select unique1 as x, ten+four as y from tenk1) ss
+  group by y;
+
+-- test non-default frame specifications
+SELECT four, ten,
+	sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten),
+	last_value(ten) over (partition by four order by ten)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+
+SELECT four, ten,
+	sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and current row),
+	last_value(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and current row)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+
+SELECT four, ten,
+	sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
+	last_value(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+
+SELECT four, ten/4 as two,
+	sum(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 range between unbounded preceding and current row),
+	last_value(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 range between unbounded preceding and current row)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+
+SELECT four, ten/4 as two,
+	sum(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 rows between unbounded preceding and current row),
+	last_value(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 rows between unbounded preceding and current row)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between current row and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between current row and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude no others),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT first_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT first_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT first_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT last_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT last_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT last_value(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 1 preceding),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 1 following and 3 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded preceding and 1 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between current row and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+
+SELECT first_value(unique1) over w,
+	nth_value(unique1, 2) over w AS nth_2,
+	last_value(unique1) over w, unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10
+WINDOW w AS (order by four range between current row and unbounded following);
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over
+	(order by unique1
+	 rows (SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 1) + 1 PRECEDING),
+	unique1
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+CREATE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following) as sum_rows
+	FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude current row) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude group) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude ties) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude no others) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i groups between 1 preceding and 1 following) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+
+DROP VIEW v_window;
+
+CREATE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+	SELECT i, min(i) over (order by i range between '1 day' preceding and '10 days' following) as min_i
+  FROM generate_series(now(), now()+'100 days'::interval, '1 hour') i;
+
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('v_window');
+
+-- RANGE offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING tests
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four desc range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude no others),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 1::int2 preceding exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following exclude ties),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between 2::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following exclude group),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by four order by unique1 range between 5::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by four order by unique1 range between 5::int8 preceding and 6::int2 following
+	exclude current row),unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date desc range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date desc range between '1 year'::interval following and '1 year'::interval following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude current row), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude group), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
+	lead(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
+	nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
+	salary from empsalary;
+
+select last_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
+	lag(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 preceding and 1000 following),
+	salary from empsalary;
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following
+	exclude current row),
+	lead(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following exclude ties),
+	nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following
+	exclude ties),
+	salary from empsalary;
+
+select last_value(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following
+	exclude group),
+	lag(salary) over(order by salary range between 1000 following and 3000 following exclude group),
+	salary from empsalary;
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude ties),
+	last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude ties),
+	last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude ties),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude group),
+	last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude group),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude current row),
+	last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date range between unbounded preceding and '1 year'::interval following
+	exclude current row),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+-- RANGE offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING with null values
+select x, y,
+       first_value(y) over w,
+       last_value(y) over w
+from
+  (select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
+   union all select null, 42
+   union all select null, 43) ss
+window w as
+  (order by x asc nulls first range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
+
+select x, y,
+       first_value(y) over w,
+       last_value(y) over w
+from
+  (select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
+   union all select null, 42
+   union all select null, 43) ss
+window w as
+  (order by x asc nulls last range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
+
+select x, y,
+       first_value(y) over w,
+       last_value(y) over w
+from
+  (select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
+   union all select null, 42
+   union all select null, 43) ss
+window w as
+  (order by x desc nulls first range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
+
+select x, y,
+       first_value(y) over w,
+       last_value(y) over w
+from
+  (select x, x as y from generate_series(1,5) as x
+   union all select null, 42
+   union all select null, 43) ss
+window w as
+  (order by x desc nulls last range between 2 preceding and 2 following);
+
+-- There is a syntactic ambiguity in the SQL standard.  Since
+-- UNBOUNDED is a non-reserved word, it could be the name of a
+-- function parameter and be used as an expression.  There is a
+-- grammar hack to resolve such cases as the keyword.  The following
+-- tests record this behavior.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test1a(x int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+  SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between x preceding and x following),
+         unique1, four
+  FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+END;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test1b(x int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+  SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between x preceding and x following),
+         unique1, four
+  FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+$$;
+
+-- These will apply the argument to the window specification inside the function.
+SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test1a(2);
+SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test1b(2);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test2a(unbounded int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+  SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
+         unique1, four
+  FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+END;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test2b(unbounded int) RETURNS TABLE (a int, b int, c int)
+LANGUAGE SQL
+AS $$
+  SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
+         unique1, four
+  FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+$$;
+
+-- These will not apply the argument but instead treat UNBOUNDED as a keyword.
+SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test2a(2);
+SELECT * FROM unbounded_syntax_test2b(2);
+
+DROP FUNCTION unbounded_syntax_test1a, unbounded_syntax_test1b,
+              unbounded_syntax_test2a, unbounded_syntax_test2b;
+
+-- Other tests with token UNBOUNDED in potentially problematic position
+CREATE FUNCTION unbounded(x int) RETURNS int LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE RETURN x;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+       unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded(1) preceding and unbounded(1) following),
+       unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded.x preceding and unbounded.x following),
+       unique1, four
+FROM tenk1, (values (1)) as unbounded(x) WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+DROP FUNCTION unbounded;
+
+-- Check overflow behavior for various integer sizes
+
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x::smallint range between current row and 2147450884 following)
+from generate_series(32764, 32766) x;
+
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x::smallint desc range between current row and 2147450885 following)
+from generate_series(-32766, -32764) x;
+
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x range between current row and 4 following)
+from generate_series(2147483644, 2147483646) x;
+
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x desc range between current row and 5 following)
+from generate_series(-2147483646, -2147483644) x;
+
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x range between current row and 4 following)
+from generate_series(9223372036854775804, 9223372036854775806) x;
+
+select x, last_value(x) over (order by x desc range between current row and 5 following)
+from generate_series(-9223372036854775806, -9223372036854775804) x;
+
+-- Test in_range for other numeric datatypes
+
+create temp table numerics(
+    id int,
+    f_float4 float4,
+    f_float8 float8,
+    f_numeric numeric
+);
+
+insert into numerics values
+(0, '-infinity', '-infinity', '-infinity'),
+(1, -3, -3, -3),
+(2, -1, -1, -1),
+(3, 0, 0, 0),
+(4, 1.1, 1.1, 1.1),
+(5, 1.12, 1.12, 1.12),
+(6, 2, 2, 2),
+(7, 100, 100, 100),
+(8, 'infinity', 'infinity', 'infinity'),
+(9, 'NaN', 'NaN', 'NaN');
+
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             1 preceding and 1 following);
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             1 preceding and 1.1::float4 following);
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' following);
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' preceding);
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             'inf' following and 'inf' following);
+select id, f_float4, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float4 range between
+             1.1 preceding and 'NaN' following);  -- error, NaN disallowed
+
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             1 preceding and 1 following);
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             1 preceding and 1.1::float8 following);
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' following);
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' preceding);
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             'inf' following and 'inf' following);
+select id, f_float8, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_float8 range between
+             1.1 preceding and 'NaN' following);  -- error, NaN disallowed
+
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             1 preceding and 1 following);
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             1 preceding and 1.1::numeric following);
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             1 preceding and 1.1::float8 following);  -- currently unsupported
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' following);
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             'inf' preceding and 'inf' preceding);
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             'inf' following and 'inf' following);
+select id, f_numeric, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from numerics
+window w as (order by f_numeric range between
+             1.1 preceding and 'NaN' following);  -- error, NaN disallowed
+
+-- Test in_range for other datetime datatypes
+
+create temp table datetimes(
+    id int,
+    f_time time,
+    f_timetz timetz,
+    f_interval interval,
+    f_timestamptz timestamptz,
+    f_timestamp timestamp
+);
+
+insert into datetimes values
+(1, '11:00', '11:00 BST', '1 year', '2000-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2000-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(2, '12:00', '12:00 BST', '2 years', '2001-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2001-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(3, '13:00', '13:00 BST', '3 years', '2001-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2001-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(4, '14:00', '14:00 BST', '4 years', '2002-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2002-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(5, '15:00', '15:00 BST', '5 years', '2003-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2003-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(6, '15:00', '15:00 BST', '5 years', '2004-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2004-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(7, '17:00', '17:00 BST', '7 years', '2005-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2005-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(8, '18:00', '18:00 BST', '8 years', '2006-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2006-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(9, '19:00', '19:00 BST', '9 years', '2007-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2007-10-19 10:23:54'),
+(10, '20:00', '20:00 BST', '10 years', '2008-10-19 10:23:54+01', '2008-10-19 10:23:54');
+
+select id, f_time, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_time range between
+             '70 min'::interval preceding and '2 hours'::interval following);
+
+select id, f_time, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_time desc range between
+             '70 min' preceding and '2 hours' following);
+
+select id, f_timetz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timetz range between
+             '70 min'::interval preceding and '2 hours'::interval following);
+
+select id, f_timetz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timetz desc range between
+             '70 min' preceding and '2 hours' following);
+
+select id, f_interval, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_interval range between
+             '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following);
+
+select id, f_interval, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_interval desc range between
+             '1 year' preceding and '1 year' following);
+
+select id, f_timestamptz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timestamptz range between
+             '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following);
+
+select id, f_timestamptz, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timestamptz desc range between
+             '1 year' preceding and '1 year' following);
+
+select id, f_timestamp, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timestamp range between
+             '1 year'::interval preceding and '1 year'::interval following);
+
+select id, f_timestamp, first_value(id) over w, last_value(id) over w
+from datetimes
+window w as (order by f_timestamp desc range between
+             '1 year' preceding and '1 year' following);
+
+-- RANGE offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING error cases
+select sum(salary) over (order by enroll_date, salary range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select sum(salary) over (range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select sum(salary) over (order by depname range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select max(enroll_date) over (order by enroll_date range between 1 preceding and 2 following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select max(enroll_date) over (order by salary range between -1 preceding and 2 following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select max(enroll_date) over (order by salary range between 1 preceding and -2 following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select max(enroll_date) over (order by salary range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '2 years'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select max(enroll_date) over (order by enroll_date range between '1 year'::interval preceding and '-2 years'::interval following
+	exclude ties), salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+-- GROUPS tests
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between unbounded preceding and current row),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between current row and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 1 preceding and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 1 following and unbounded following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between unbounded preceding and 2 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 preceding),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following),
+	unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude current row), unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude group), unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four groups between 2 preceding and 1 following
+	exclude ties), unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
+	order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following),unique1, four, ten
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
+	order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following exclude current row), unique1, four, ten
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
+	order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following exclude group), unique1, four, ten
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (partition by ten
+	order by four groups between 0 preceding and 0 following exclude ties), unique1, four, ten
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+	lead(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+	nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+	lag(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 preceding and 1 following),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select first_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following
+	exclude current row),
+	lead(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following exclude ties),
+	nth_value(salary, 1) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following
+	exclude ties),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+select last_value(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following
+	exclude group),
+	lag(salary) over(order by enroll_date groups between 1 following and 3 following exclude group),
+	salary, enroll_date from empsalary;
+
+-- Show differences in offset interpretation between ROWS, RANGE, and GROUPS
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 35, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x rows between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 35, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x range between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 35, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x groups between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        select 1 union all select 1 union all select 1 union all
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(5, 49, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x rows between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        select 1 union all select 1 union all select 1 union all
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(5, 49, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x range between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+
+WITH cte (x) AS (
+        select 1 union all select 1 union all select 1 union all
+        SELECT * FROM generate_series(5, 49, 2)
+)
+SELECT x, (sum(x) over w)
+FROM cte
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY x groups between 1 preceding and 1 following);
+
+-- with UNION
+SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four) FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tenk2)s LIMIT 0;
+
+-- check some degenerate cases
+create temp table t1 (f1 int, f2 int8);
+insert into t1 values (1,1),(1,2),(2,2);
+
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1
+                         range between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;  -- error, must have order by
+explain (costs off)
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
+                         range between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
+                         range between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f1 order by f2
+                         range between 2 preceding and 1 preceding)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f2 order by f2
+                         range between 1 following and 2 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1
+                         groups between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;  -- error, must have order by
+explain (costs off)
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
+                         groups between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1 order by f2
+                         groups between 1 preceding and 1 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f1 order by f2
+                         groups between 2 preceding and 1 preceding)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+select f1, sum(f1) over (partition by f1, f2 order by f2
+                         groups between 1 following and 2 following)
+from t1 where f1 = f2;
+
+-- ordering by a non-integer constant is allowed
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY length('abc'));
+
+-- can't order by another window function
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY rank() OVER (ORDER BY random()));
+
+-- some other errors
+SELECT * FROM empsalary WHERE row_number() OVER (ORDER BY salary) < 10;
+
+SELECT * FROM empsalary INNER JOIN tenk1 ON row_number() OVER (ORDER BY salary) < 10;
+
+SELECT rank() OVER (ORDER BY 1), count(*) FROM empsalary GROUP BY 1;
+
+SELECT * FROM rank() OVER (ORDER BY random());
+
+DELETE FROM empsalary WHERE (rank() OVER (ORDER BY random())) > 10;
+
+DELETE FROM empsalary RETURNING rank() OVER (ORDER BY random());
+
+SELECT count(*) OVER w FROM tenk1 WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY unique1), w AS (ORDER BY unique1);
+
+SELECT rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four, ORDER BY ten) FROM tenk1;
+
+SELECT count() OVER () FROM tenk1;
+
+SELECT generate_series(1, 100) OVER () FROM empsalary;
+
+SELECT ntile(0) OVER (ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1;
+
+SELECT nth_value(four, 0) OVER (ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1;
+
+-- filter
+
+SELECT sum(salary), row_number() OVER (ORDER BY depname), sum(
+    sum(salary) FILTER (WHERE enroll_date > '2007-01-01')
+) FILTER (WHERE depname <> 'sales') OVER (ORDER BY depname DESC) AS "filtered_sum",
+    depname
+FROM empsalary GROUP BY depname;
+
+-- Test pushdown of quals into a subquery containing window functions
+
+-- pushdown is safe because all PARTITION BY clauses include depname:
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT depname,
+          sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) depsalary,
+          min(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname || 'A', depname) depminsalary
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE depname = 'sales';
+
+-- pushdown is unsafe because there's a PARTITION BY clause without depname:
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT depname,
+          sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY enroll_date) enroll_salary,
+          min(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) depminsalary
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE depname = 'sales';
+
+-- Test window function run conditions are properly pushed down into the
+-- WindowAgg
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE rn < 3;
+
+-- The following 3 statements should result the same result.
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE rn < 3;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE 3 > rn;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          row_number() OVER (ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE 2 >= rn;
+
+-- Ensure r <= 3 is pushed down into the run condition of the window agg
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) r
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE r <= 3;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) r
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE r <= 3;
+
+-- Ensure dr = 1 is converted to dr <= 1 to get all rows leading up to dr = 1
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          dense_rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) dr
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE dr = 1;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          dense_rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) dr
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE dr = 1;
+
+-- Check COUNT() and COUNT(*)
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(empno) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(empno) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c >= 3;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER () c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE 11 <= c;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) c,
+          dense_rank() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) dr
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE dr = 1;
+
+-- Ensure we get a run condition when there's a PARTITION BY clause
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE rn < 3;
+
+-- and ensure we get the correct results from the above plan
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE rn < 3;
+
+-- ensure that "unused" subquery columns are not removed when the column only
+-- exists in the run condition
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT empno, depname FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY empno) rn
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE rn < 3;
+
+-- likewise with count(empno) instead of row_number()
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          salary,
+          count(empno) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+
+-- and again, check the results are what we expect.
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          salary,
+          count(empno) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+
+-- Ensure we get the correct run condition when the window function is both
+-- monotonically increasing and decreasing.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          depname,
+          salary,
+          count(empno) OVER () c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c = 1;
+
+-- Some more complex cases with multiple window clauses
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT *,
+          count(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname || '') c1, -- w1
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname) rn, -- w2
+          count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) c2, -- w2
+          count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY '' || depname) c3 -- w3
+   FROM empsalary
+) e WHERE rn <= 1 AND c1 <= 3;
+
+-- Ensure we correctly filter out all of the run conditions from each window
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT *,
+          count(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname || '') c1, -- w1
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname) rn, -- w2
+          count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) c2, -- w2
+          count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY '' || depname) c3 -- w3
+   FROM empsalary
+) e WHERE rn <= 1 AND c1 <= 3;
+
+-- Tests to ensure we don't push down the run condition when it's not valid to
+-- do so.
+
+-- Ensure we don't push down when the frame options show that the window
+-- function is not monotonically increasing
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c <= 3;
+
+-- Ensure we don't push down when the window function's monotonic properties
+-- don't match that of the clauses.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE 3 <= c;
+
+-- Ensure we don't use a run condition when there's a volatile function in the
+-- WindowFunc
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count(random()) OVER (ORDER BY empno DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c = 1;
+
+-- Ensure we don't use a run condition when the WindowFunc contains subplans
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT empno,
+          salary,
+          count((SELECT 1)) OVER (ORDER BY empno DESC) c
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE c = 1;
+
+-- Test Sort node collapsing
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT depname,
+          sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname order by empno) depsalary,
+          min(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname, empno order by enroll_date) depminsalary
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE depname = 'sales';
+
+-- Test Sort node reordering
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT
+  lead(1) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary, enroll_date),
+  lag(1) OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary,enroll_date,empno)
+FROM empsalary;
+
+-- Test incremental sorting
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT depname,
+          empno,
+          salary,
+          enroll_date,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date) AS first_emp,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date DESC) AS last_emp
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE first_emp = 1 OR last_emp = 1;
+
+SELECT * FROM
+  (SELECT depname,
+          empno,
+          salary,
+          enroll_date,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date) AS first_emp,
+          row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY enroll_date DESC) AS last_emp
+   FROM empsalary) emp
+WHERE first_emp = 1 OR last_emp = 1;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP TABLE empsalary;
+
+-- test user-defined window function with named args and default args
+CREATE FUNCTION nth_value_def(val anyelement, n integer = 1) RETURNS anyelement
+  LANGUAGE internal WINDOW IMMUTABLE STRICT AS 'window_nth_value';
+
+SELECT nth_value_def(n := 2, val := ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four
+  FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten) s;
+
+SELECT nth_value_def(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four
+  FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten) s;
+
+--
+-- Test the basic moving-aggregate machinery
+--
+
+-- create aggregates that record the series of transform calls (these are
+-- intentionally not true inverses)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_sfunc_nonstrict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT COALESCE($1, '') || '*' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_msfunc_nonstrict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT COALESCE($1, '') || '+' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_minvfunc_nonstrict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT $1 || '-' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_nonstrict (anyelement)
+(
+	stype = text,
+	sfunc = logging_sfunc_nonstrict,
+	mstype = text,
+	msfunc = logging_msfunc_nonstrict,
+	minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_nonstrict
+);
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_nonstrict_initcond (anyelement)
+(
+	stype = text,
+	sfunc = logging_sfunc_nonstrict,
+	mstype = text,
+	msfunc = logging_msfunc_nonstrict,
+	minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_nonstrict,
+	initcond = 'I',
+	minitcond = 'MI'
+);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_sfunc_strict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT $1 || '*' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_msfunc_strict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT $1 || '+' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION logging_minvfunc_strict(text, anyelement) RETURNS text AS
+$$ SELECT $1 || '-' || quote_nullable($2) $$
+LANGUAGE SQL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_strict (text)
+(
+	stype = text,
+	sfunc = logging_sfunc_strict,
+	mstype = text,
+	msfunc = logging_msfunc_strict,
+	minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_strict
+);
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE logging_agg_strict_initcond (anyelement)
+(
+	stype = text,
+	sfunc = logging_sfunc_strict,
+	mstype = text,
+	msfunc = logging_msfunc_strict,
+	minvfunc = logging_minvfunc_strict,
+	initcond = 'I',
+	minitcond = 'MI'
+);
+
+-- test strict and non-strict cases
+SELECT
+	p::text || ',' || i::text || ':' || COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') AS row,
+	logging_agg_nonstrict(v) over wnd as nstrict,
+	logging_agg_nonstrict_initcond(v) over wnd as nstrict_init,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text) over wnd as strict,
+	logging_agg_strict_initcond(v) over wnd as strict_init
+FROM (VALUES
+	(1, 1, NULL),
+	(1, 2, 'a'),
+	(1, 3, 'b'),
+	(1, 4, NULL),
+	(1, 5, NULL),
+	(1, 6, 'c'),
+	(2, 1, NULL),
+	(2, 2, 'x'),
+	(3, 1, 'z')
+) AS t(p, i, v)
+WINDOW wnd AS (PARTITION BY P ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
+ORDER BY p, i;
+
+-- and again, but with filter
+SELECT
+	p::text || ',' || i::text || ':' ||
+		CASE WHEN f THEN COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') ELSE '-' END as row,
+	logging_agg_nonstrict(v) filter(where f) over wnd as nstrict_filt,
+	logging_agg_nonstrict_initcond(v) filter(where f) over wnd as nstrict_init_filt,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text) filter(where f) over wnd as strict_filt,
+	logging_agg_strict_initcond(v) filter(where f) over wnd as strict_init_filt
+FROM (VALUES
+	(1, 1, true,  NULL),
+	(1, 2, false, 'a'),
+	(1, 3, true,  'b'),
+	(1, 4, false, NULL),
+	(1, 5, false, NULL),
+	(1, 6, false, 'c'),
+	(2, 1, false, NULL),
+	(2, 2, true,  'x'),
+	(3, 1, true,  'z')
+) AS t(p, i, f, v)
+WINDOW wnd AS (PARTITION BY p ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
+ORDER BY p, i;
+
+-- test that volatile arguments disable moving-aggregate mode
+SELECT
+	i::text || ':' || COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') as row,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text)
+		over wnd as inverse,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text || CASE WHEN random() < 0 then '?' ELSE '' END)
+		over wnd as noinverse
+FROM (VALUES
+	(1, 'a'),
+	(2, 'b'),
+	(3, 'c')
+) AS t(i, v)
+WINDOW wnd AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
+ORDER BY i;
+
+SELECT
+	i::text || ':' || COALESCE(v::text, 'NULL') as row,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text) filter(where true)
+		over wnd as inverse,
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text) filter(where random() >= 0)
+		over wnd as noinverse
+FROM (VALUES
+	(1, 'a'),
+	(2, 'b'),
+	(3, 'c')
+) AS t(i, v)
+WINDOW wnd AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
+ORDER BY i;
+
+-- test that non-overlapping windows don't use inverse transitions
+SELECT
+	logging_agg_strict(v::text) OVER wnd
+FROM (VALUES
+	(1, 'a'),
+	(2, 'b'),
+	(3, 'c')
+) AS t(i, v)
+WINDOW wnd AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND CURRENT ROW)
+ORDER BY i;
+
+-- test that returning NULL from the inverse transition functions
+-- restarts the aggregation from scratch. The second aggregate is supposed
+-- to test cases where only some aggregates restart, the third one checks
+-- that one aggregate restarting doesn't cause others to restart.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION sum_int_randrestart_minvfunc(int4, int4) RETURNS int4 AS
+$$ SELECT CASE WHEN random() < 0.2 THEN NULL ELSE $1 - $2 END $$
+LANGUAGE SQL STRICT;
+
+CREATE AGGREGATE sum_int_randomrestart (int4)
+(
+	stype = int4,
+	sfunc = int4pl,
+	mstype = int4,
+	msfunc = int4pl,
+	minvfunc = sum_int_randrestart_minvfunc
+);
+
+WITH
+vs AS (
+	SELECT i, (random() * 100)::int4 AS v
+	FROM generate_series(1, 100) AS i
+),
+sum_following AS (
+	SELECT i, SUM(v) OVER
+		(ORDER BY i DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS s
+	FROM vs
+)
+SELECT DISTINCT
+	sum_following.s = sum_int_randomrestart(v) OVER fwd AS eq1,
+	-sum_following.s = sum_int_randomrestart(-v) OVER fwd AS eq2,
+	100*3+(vs.i-1)*3 = length(logging_agg_nonstrict(''::text) OVER fwd) AS eq3
+FROM vs
+JOIN sum_following ON sum_following.i = vs.i
+WINDOW fwd AS (
+	ORDER BY vs.i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+);
+
+--
+-- Test various built-in aggregates that have moving-aggregate support
+--
+
+-- test inverse transition functions handle NULLs properly
+SELECT i,AVG(v::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,AVG(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,AVG(v::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,AVG(v::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1.5),(2,2.5),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,AVG(v::interval) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,'1 sec'),(2,'2 sec'),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::money) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,'1.10'),(2,'2.20'),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::interval) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,'1 sec'),(2,'2 sec'),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1.1),(2,2.2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT SUM(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1.01),(2,2),(3,3)) v(i,n);
+
+SELECT i,COUNT(v) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,COUNT(*) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT VAR_POP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT VAR_POP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT VAR_POP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT VAR_POP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT VAR_SAMP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT VARIANCE(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT VARIANCE(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT VARIANCE(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT VARIANCE(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV_POP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV_SAMP(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,NULL),(2,600),(3,470),(4,170),(5,430),(6,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV(n::bigint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV(n::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV(n::smallint) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+SELECT STDDEV(n::numeric) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(0,NULL),(1,600),(2,470),(3,170),(4,430),(5,300)) r(i,n);
+
+-- test that inverse transition functions work with various frame options
+SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND CURRENT ROW)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND 1 FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,NULL),(4,NULL)) t(i,v);
+
+SELECT i,SUM(v::int) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING)
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4)) t(i,v);
+
+-- ensure aggregate over numeric properly recovers from NaN values
+SELECT a, b,
+       SUM(b) OVER(ORDER BY A ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
+FROM (VALUES(1,1::numeric),(2,2),(3,'NaN'),(4,3),(5,4)) t(a,b);
+
+-- It might be tempting for someone to add an inverse trans function for
+-- float and double precision. This should not be done as it can give incorrect
+-- results. This test should fail if anyone ever does this without thinking too
+-- hard about it.
+SELECT to_char(SUM(n::float8) OVER (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND 1 FOLLOWING),'999999999999999999999D9')
+  FROM (VALUES(1,1e20),(2,1)) n(i,n);
+
+SELECT i, b, bool_and(b) OVER w, bool_or(b) OVER w
+  FROM (VALUES (1,true), (2,true), (3,false), (4,false), (5,true)) v(i,b)
+  WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND 1 FOLLOWING);
+
+-- Tests for problems with failure to walk or mutate expressions
+-- within window frame clauses.
+
+-- test walker (fails with collation error if expressions are not walked)
+SELECT array_agg(i) OVER w
+  FROM generate_series(1,5) i
+WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY i ROWS BETWEEN (('foo' < 'foobar')::integer) PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW);
+
+-- test mutator (fails when inlined if expressions are not mutated)
+CREATE FUNCTION pg_temp.f(group_size BIGINT) RETURNS SETOF integer[]
+AS $$
+    SELECT array_agg(s) OVER w
+      FROM generate_series(1,5) s
+    WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY s ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND GROUP_SIZE FOLLOWING)
+$$ LANGUAGE SQL STABLE;
+
+EXPLAIN (costs off) SELECT * FROM pg_temp.f(2);
+SELECT * FROM pg_temp.f(2);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/with.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/with.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2103fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/with.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1631 @@
+--
+-- Tests for common table expressions (WITH query, ... SELECT ...)
+--
+
+-- Basic WITH
+WITH q1(x,y) AS (SELECT 1,2)
+SELECT * FROM q1, q1 AS q2;
+
+-- Multiple uses are evaluated only once
+SELECT count(*) FROM (
+  WITH q1(x) AS (SELECT random() FROM generate_series(1, 5))
+    SELECT * FROM q1
+  UNION
+    SELECT * FROM q1
+) ss;
+
+-- WITH RECURSIVE
+
+-- sum of 1..100
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    VALUES (1)
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 100
+)
+SELECT sum(n) FROM t;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    SELECT (VALUES(1))
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 5
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+
+-- UNION DISTINCT requires hashable type
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    VALUES (1::money)
+UNION
+    SELECT n+1::money FROM t WHERE n < 100::money
+)
+SELECT sum(n) FROM t;
+
+-- recursive view
+CREATE RECURSIVE VIEW nums (n) AS
+    VALUES (1)
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM nums WHERE n < 5;
+
+SELECT * FROM nums;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE RECURSIVE VIEW nums (n) AS
+    VALUES (1)
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM nums WHERE n < 6;
+
+SELECT * FROM nums;
+
+-- This is an infinite loop with UNION ALL, but not with UNION
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    SELECT 1
+UNION
+    SELECT 10-n FROM t)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+
+-- This'd be an infinite loop, but outside query reads only as much as needed
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    VALUES (1)
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t)
+SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10;
+
+-- UNION case should have same property
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    SELECT 1
+UNION
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t)
+SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10;
+
+-- Test behavior with an unknown-type literal in the WITH
+WITH q AS (SELECT 'foo' AS x)
+SELECT x, pg_typeof(x) FROM q;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    SELECT 'foo'
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n || ' bar' FROM t WHERE length(n) < 20
+)
+SELECT n, pg_typeof(n) FROM t;
+
+-- In a perfect world, this would work and resolve the literal as int ...
+-- but for now, we have to be content with resolving to text too soon.
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    SELECT '7'
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 10
+)
+SELECT n, pg_typeof(n) FROM t;
+
+-- Deeply nested WITH caused a list-munging problem in v13
+-- Detection of cross-references and self-references
+WITH RECURSIVE w1(c1) AS
+ (WITH w2(c2) AS
+  (WITH w3(c3) AS
+   (WITH w4(c4) AS
+    (WITH w5(c5) AS
+     (WITH RECURSIVE w6(c6) AS
+      (WITH w6(c6) AS
+       (WITH w8(c8) AS
+        (SELECT 1)
+        SELECT * FROM w8)
+       SELECT * FROM w6)
+      SELECT * FROM w6)
+     SELECT * FROM w5)
+    SELECT * FROM w4)
+   SELECT * FROM w3)
+  SELECT * FROM w2)
+SELECT * FROM w1;
+-- Detection of invalid self-references
+WITH RECURSIVE outermost(x) AS (
+ SELECT 1
+ UNION (WITH innermost1 AS (
+  SELECT 2
+  UNION (WITH innermost2 AS (
+   SELECT 3
+   UNION (WITH innermost3 AS (
+    SELECT 4
+    UNION (WITH innermost4 AS (
+     SELECT 5
+     UNION (WITH innermost5 AS (
+      SELECT 6
+      UNION (WITH innermost6 AS
+       (SELECT 7)
+       SELECT * FROM innermost6))
+      SELECT * FROM innermost5))
+     SELECT * FROM innermost4))
+    SELECT * FROM innermost3))
+   SELECT * FROM innermost2))
+  SELECT * FROM outermost
+  UNION SELECT * FROM innermost1)
+ )
+ SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- Some examples with a tree
+--
+-- department structure represented here is as follows:
+--
+-- ROOT-+->A-+->B-+->C
+--      |         |
+--      |         +->D-+->F
+--      +->E-+->G
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE department (
+	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,  -- department ID
+	parent_department INTEGER REFERENCES department, -- upper department ID
+	name TEXT -- department name
+);
+
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (0, NULL, 'ROOT');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (1, 0, 'A');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (2, 1, 'B');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (3, 2, 'C');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (4, 2, 'D');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (5, 0, 'E');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (6, 4, 'F');
+INSERT INTO department VALUES (7, 5, 'G');
+
+
+-- extract all departments under 'A'. Result should be A, B, C, D and F
+WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS
+(
+	-- non recursive term
+	SELECT name as root_name, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
+
+	UNION ALL
+
+	-- recursive term
+	SELECT sd.root_name, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
+		WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
+)
+SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name;
+
+-- extract all departments under 'A' with "level" number
+WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment(level, id, parent_department, name) AS
+(
+	-- non recursive term
+	SELECT 1, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
+
+	UNION ALL
+
+	-- recursive term
+	SELECT sd.level + 1, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
+		WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
+)
+SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name;
+
+-- extract all departments under 'A' with "level" number.
+-- Only shows level 2 or more
+WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment(level, id, parent_department, name) AS
+(
+	-- non recursive term
+	SELECT 1, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
+
+	UNION ALL
+
+	-- recursive term
+	SELECT sd.level + 1, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
+		WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
+)
+SELECT * FROM subdepartment WHERE level >= 2 ORDER BY name;
+
+-- "RECURSIVE" is ignored if the query has no self-reference
+WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS
+(
+	-- note lack of recursive UNION structure
+	SELECT * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
+)
+SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name;
+
+-- inside subqueries
+SELECT count(*) FROM (
+    WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+        SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n + 1 FROM t WHERE n < 500
+    )
+    SELECT * FROM t) AS t WHERE n < (
+        SELECT count(*) FROM (
+            WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+                   SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n + 1 FROM t WHERE n < 100
+                )
+            SELECT * FROM t WHERE n < 50000
+         ) AS t WHERE n < 100);
+
+-- use same CTE twice at different subquery levels
+WITH q1(x,y) AS (
+    SELECT hundred, sum(ten) FROM tenk1 GROUP BY hundred
+  )
+SELECT count(*) FROM q1 WHERE y > (SELECT sum(y)/100 FROM q1 qsub);
+
+-- via a VIEW
+CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW vsubdepartment AS
+	WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS
+	(
+		 -- non recursive term
+		SELECT * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
+		UNION ALL
+		-- recursive term
+		SELECT d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
+			WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
+	)
+	SELECT * FROM subdepartment;
+
+SELECT * FROM vsubdepartment ORDER BY name;
+
+-- Check reverse listing
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('vsubdepartment'::regclass);
+SELECT pg_get_viewdef('vsubdepartment'::regclass, true);
+
+-- Another reverse-listing example
+CREATE VIEW sums_1_100 AS
+WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
+    VALUES (1)
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 100
+)
+SELECT sum(n) FROM t;
+
+\d+ sums_1_100
+
+-- corner case in which sub-WITH gets initialized first
+with recursive q as (
+      select * from department
+    union all
+      (with x as (select * from q)
+       select * from x)
+    )
+select * from q limit 24;
+
+with recursive q as (
+      select * from department
+    union all
+      (with recursive x as (
+           select * from department
+         union all
+           (select * from q union all select * from x)
+        )
+       select * from x)
+    )
+select * from q limit 32;
+
+-- recursive term has sub-UNION
+WITH RECURSIVE t(i,j) AS (
+	VALUES (1,2)
+	UNION ALL
+	SELECT t2.i, t.j+1 FROM
+		(SELECT 2 AS i UNION ALL SELECT 3 AS i) AS t2
+		JOIN t ON (t2.i = t.i+1))
+
+	SELECT * FROM t;
+
+--
+-- different tree example
+--
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tree(
+    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    parent_id INTEGER REFERENCES tree(id)
+);
+
+INSERT INTO tree
+VALUES (1, NULL), (2, 1), (3,1), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (7,3), (8,3),
+       (9,4), (10,4), (11,7), (12,7), (13,7), (14, 9), (15,11), (16,11);
+
+--
+-- get all paths from "second level" nodes to leaf nodes
+--
+WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS (
+    VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[])
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id
+    FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id)
+)
+SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON
+	(t1.path[1] = t2.path[1] AND
+	array_upper(t1.path,1) = 1 AND
+	array_upper(t2.path,1) > 1)
+	ORDER BY t1.id, t2.id;
+
+-- just count 'em
+WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS (
+    VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[])
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id
+    FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id)
+)
+SELECT t1.id, count(t2.*) FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON
+	(t1.path[1] = t2.path[1] AND
+	array_upper(t1.path,1) = 1 AND
+	array_upper(t2.path,1) > 1)
+	GROUP BY t1.id
+	ORDER BY t1.id;
+
+-- this variant tickled a whole-row-variable bug in 8.4devel
+WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS (
+    VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[])
+UNION ALL
+    SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id
+    FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id)
+)
+SELECT t1.id, t2.path, t2 FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON
+(t1.id=t2.id);
+
+-- SEARCH clause
+
+create temp table graph0( f int, t int, label text );
+
+insert into graph0 values
+	(1, 2, 'arc 1 -> 2'),
+	(1, 3, 'arc 1 -> 3'),
+	(2, 3, 'arc 2 -> 3'),
+	(1, 4, 'arc 1 -> 4'),
+	(4, 5, 'arc 4 -> 5');
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union distinct
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search breadth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search breadth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union distinct
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search breadth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+
+-- a constant initial value causes issues for EXPLAIN
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive test as (
+  select 1 as x
+  union all
+  select x + 1
+  from test
+) search depth first by x set y
+select * from test limit 5;
+
+with recursive test as (
+  select 1 as x
+  union all
+  select x + 1
+  from test
+) search depth first by x set y
+select * from test limit 5;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive test as (
+  select 1 as x
+  union all
+  select x + 1
+  from test
+) search breadth first by x set y
+select * from test limit 5;
+
+with recursive test as (
+  select 1 as x
+  union all
+  select x + 1
+  from test
+) search breadth first by x set y
+select * from test limit 5;
+
+-- various syntax errors
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by foo, tar set seq
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set label
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t, f set seq
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	(select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t)
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select * from search_graph order by seq;
+
+-- check that we distinguish same CTE name used at different levels
+-- (this case could be supported, perhaps, but it isn't today)
+with recursive x(col) as (
+	select 1
+	union
+	(with x as (select * from x)
+	 select * from x)
+) search depth first by col set seq
+select * from x;
+
+-- test ruleutils and view expansion
+create temp view v_search as
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph0 g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph0 g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+select f, t, label from search_graph;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v_search');
+
+select * from v_search;
+
+--
+-- test cycle detection
+--
+create temp table graph( f int, t int, label text );
+
+insert into graph values
+	(1, 2, 'arc 1 -> 2'),
+	(1, 3, 'arc 1 -> 3'),
+	(2, 3, 'arc 2 -> 3'),
+	(1, 4, 'arc 1 -> 4'),
+	(4, 5, 'arc 4 -> 5'),
+	(5, 1, 'arc 5 -> 1');
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, is_cycle, path) as (
+	select *, false, array[row(g.f, g.t)] from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*, row(g.f, g.t) = any(path), path || row(g.f, g.t)
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t and not is_cycle
+)
+select * from search_graph;
+
+-- UNION DISTINCT exercises row type hashing support
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, is_cycle, path) as (
+	select *, false, array[row(g.f, g.t)] from graph g
+	union distinct
+	select g.*, row(g.f, g.t) = any(path), path || row(g.f, g.t)
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t and not is_cycle
+)
+select * from search_graph;
+
+-- ordering by the path column has same effect as SEARCH DEPTH FIRST
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, is_cycle, path) as (
+	select *, false, array[row(g.f, g.t)] from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*, row(g.f, g.t) = any(path), path || row(g.f, g.t)
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t and not is_cycle
+)
+select * from search_graph order by path;
+
+-- CYCLE clause
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle using path
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle using path
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union distinct
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to 'Y' default 'N' using path
+select * from search_graph;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+with recursive test as (
+  select 0 as x
+  union all
+  select (x + 1) % 10
+  from test
+) cycle x set is_cycle using path
+select * from test;
+
+with recursive test as (
+  select 0 as x
+  union all
+  select (x + 1) % 10
+  from test
+) cycle x set is_cycle using path
+select * from test;
+
+with recursive test as (
+  select 0 as x
+  union all
+  select (x + 1) % 10
+  from test
+    where not is_cycle  -- redundant, but legal
+) cycle x set is_cycle using path
+select * from test;
+
+-- multiple CTEs
+with recursive
+graph(f, t, label) as (
+  values (1, 2, 'arc 1 -> 2'),
+         (1, 3, 'arc 1 -> 3'),
+         (2, 3, 'arc 2 -> 3'),
+         (1, 4, 'arc 1 -> 4'),
+         (4, 5, 'arc 4 -> 5'),
+         (5, 1, 'arc 5 -> 1')
+),
+search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+        select * from graph g
+        union all
+        select g.*
+        from graph g, search_graph sg
+        where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default false using path
+select f, t, label from search_graph;
+
+-- star expansion
+with recursive a as (
+	select 1 as b
+	union all
+	select * from a
+) cycle b set c using p
+select * from a;
+
+-- search+cycle
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set seq
+  cycle f, t set is_cycle using path
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search breadth first by f, t set seq
+  cycle f, t set is_cycle using path
+select * from search_graph;
+
+-- various syntax errors
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle foo, tar set is_cycle using path
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default 55 using path
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to point '(1,1)' default point '(0,0)' using path
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set label to true default false using path
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default false using label
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set foo to true default false using foo
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t, f set is_cycle to true default false using path
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set foo
+  cycle f, t set foo to true default false using path
+select * from search_graph;
+
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) search depth first by f, t set foo
+  cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default false using foo
+select * from search_graph;
+
+-- test ruleutils and view expansion
+create temp view v_cycle1 as
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle using path
+select f, t, label from search_graph;
+
+create temp view v_cycle2 as
+with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as (
+	select * from graph g
+	union all
+	select g.*
+	from graph g, search_graph sg
+	where g.f = sg.t
+) cycle f, t set is_cycle to 'Y' default 'N' using path
+select f, t, label from search_graph;
+
+select pg_get_viewdef('v_cycle1');
+select pg_get_viewdef('v_cycle2');
+
+select * from v_cycle1;
+select * from v_cycle2;
+
+--
+-- test multiple WITH queries
+--
+WITH RECURSIVE
+  y (id) AS (VALUES (1)),
+  x (id) AS (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- forward reference OK
+WITH RECURSIVE
+    x(id) AS (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5),
+    y(id) AS (values (1))
+ SELECT * FROM x;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE
+   x(id) AS
+     (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5),
+   y(id) AS
+     (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM y WHERE id < 10)
+ SELECT y.*, x.* FROM y LEFT JOIN x USING (id);
+
+WITH RECURSIVE
+   x(id) AS
+     (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5),
+   y(id) AS
+     (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 10)
+ SELECT y.*, x.* FROM y LEFT JOIN x USING (id);
+
+WITH RECURSIVE
+   x(id) AS
+     (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 3 ),
+   y(id) AS
+     (SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x),
+   z(id) AS
+     (SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM z WHERE id < 10)
+ SELECT * FROM z;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE
+   x(id) AS
+     (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 3 ),
+   y(id) AS
+     (SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x),
+   z(id) AS
+     (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM z WHERE id < 10)
+ SELECT * FROM z;
+
+--
+-- Test WITH attached to a data-modifying statement
+--
+
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE y (a INTEGER);
+INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10);
+
+WITH t AS (
+	SELECT a FROM y
+)
+INSERT INTO y
+SELECT a+20 FROM t RETURNING *;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+WITH t AS (
+	SELECT a FROM y
+)
+UPDATE y SET a = y.a-10 FROM t WHERE y.a > 20 AND t.a = y.a RETURNING y.a;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE t(a) AS (
+	SELECT 11
+	UNION ALL
+	SELECT a+1 FROM t WHERE a < 50
+)
+DELETE FROM y USING t WHERE t.a = y.a RETURNING y.a;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+DROP TABLE y;
+
+--
+-- error cases
+--
+
+WITH x(n, b) AS (SELECT 1)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- INTERSECT
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 INTERSECT SELECT n+1 FROM x)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 INTERSECT ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- EXCEPT
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 EXCEPT SELECT n+1 FROM x)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 EXCEPT ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- no non-recursive term
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT n FROM x)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- recursive term in the left hand side (strictly speaking, should allow this)
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT n FROM x UNION ALL SELECT 1)
+	SELECT * FROM x;
+
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE y (a INTEGER);
+INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10);
+
+-- LEFT JOIN
+
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1
+	UNION ALL
+	SELECT x.n+1 FROM y LEFT JOIN x ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- RIGHT JOIN
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1
+	UNION ALL
+	SELECT x.n+1 FROM x RIGHT JOIN y ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- FULL JOIN
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1
+	UNION ALL
+	SELECT x.n+1 FROM x FULL JOIN y ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- subquery
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x
+                          WHERE n IN (SELECT * FROM x))
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- aggregate functions
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT count(*) FROM x)
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT sum(n) FROM x)
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- ORDER BY
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x ORDER BY 1)
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- LIMIT/OFFSET
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x LIMIT 10 OFFSET 1)
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- FOR UPDATE
+WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x FOR UPDATE)
+  SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- target list has a recursive query name
+WITH RECURSIVE x(id) AS (values (1)
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT (SELECT * FROM x) FROM x WHERE id < 5
+) SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- mutual recursive query (not implemented)
+WITH RECURSIVE
+  x (id) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM y WHERE id < 5),
+  y (id) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5)
+SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- non-linear recursion is not allowed
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+    (values (1)
+    UNION ALL
+       (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
+          UNION ALL
+       SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+    (values (1)
+    UNION ALL
+	   SELECT * FROM
+       (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
+          UNION ALL
+       SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5) AS t
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+    (values (1)
+    UNION ALL
+       (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
+          EXCEPT
+       SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+    (values (1)
+    UNION ALL
+       (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
+          INTERSECT
+       SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
+) SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+-- Wrong type induced from non-recursive term
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+   (SELECT i FROM (VALUES(1),(2)) t(i)
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT (i+1)::numeric(10,0) FROM foo WHERE i < 10)
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+-- rejects different typmod, too (should we allow this?)
+WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
+   (SELECT i::numeric(3,0) FROM (VALUES(1),(2)) t(i)
+   UNION ALL
+   SELECT (i+1)::numeric(10,0) FROM foo WHERE i < 10)
+SELECT * FROM foo;
+
+-- disallow OLD/NEW reference in CTE
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE x (n integer);
+CREATE RULE r2 AS ON UPDATE TO x DO INSTEAD
+    WITH t AS (SELECT OLD.*) UPDATE y SET a = t.n FROM t;
+
+--
+-- test for bug #4902
+--
+with cte(foo) as ( values(42) ) values((select foo from cte));
+with cte(foo) as ( select 42 ) select * from ((select foo from cte)) q;
+
+-- test CTE referencing an outer-level variable (to see that changed-parameter
+-- signaling still works properly after fixing this bug)
+select ( with cte(foo) as ( values(f1) )
+         select (select foo from cte) )
+from int4_tbl;
+
+select ( with cte(foo) as ( values(f1) )
+          values((select foo from cte)) )
+from int4_tbl;
+
+--
+-- test for nested-recursive-WITH bug
+--
+WITH RECURSIVE t(j) AS (
+    WITH RECURSIVE s(i) AS (
+        VALUES (1)
+        UNION ALL
+        SELECT i+1 FROM s WHERE i < 10
+    )
+    SELECT i FROM s
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT j+1 FROM t WHERE j < 10
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+
+--
+-- test WITH attached to intermediate-level set operation
+--
+
+WITH outermost(x) AS (
+  SELECT 1
+  UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2)
+         SELECT * FROM innermost
+         UNION SELECT 3)
+)
+SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
+
+WITH outermost(x) AS (
+  SELECT 1
+  UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2)
+         SELECT * FROM outermost  -- fail
+         UNION SELECT * FROM innermost)
+)
+SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE outermost(x) AS (
+  SELECT 1
+  UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2)
+         SELECT * FROM outermost
+         UNION SELECT * FROM innermost)
+)
+SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE outermost(x) AS (
+  WITH innermost as (SELECT 2 FROM outermost) -- fail
+    SELECT * FROM innermost
+    UNION SELECT * from outermost
+)
+SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- This test will fail with the old implementation of PARAM_EXEC parameter
+-- assignment, because the "q1" Var passed down to A's targetlist subselect
+-- looks exactly like the "A.id" Var passed down to C's subselect, causing
+-- the old code to give them the same runtime PARAM_EXEC slot.  But the
+-- lifespans of the two parameters overlap, thanks to B also reading A.
+--
+
+with
+A as ( select q2 as id, (select q1) as x from int8_tbl ),
+B as ( select id, row_number() over (partition by id) as r from A ),
+C as ( select A.id, array(select B.id from B where B.id = A.id) from A )
+select * from C;
+
+--
+-- Test CTEs read in non-initialization orders
+--
+
+WITH RECURSIVE
+  tab(id_key,link) AS (VALUES (1,17), (2,17), (3,17), (4,17), (6,17), (5,17)),
+  iter (id_key, row_type, link) AS (
+      SELECT 0, 'base', 17
+    UNION ALL (
+      WITH remaining(id_key, row_type, link, min) AS (
+        SELECT tab.id_key, 'true'::text, iter.link, MIN(tab.id_key) OVER ()
+        FROM tab INNER JOIN iter USING (link)
+        WHERE tab.id_key > iter.id_key
+      ),
+      first_remaining AS (
+        SELECT id_key, row_type, link
+        FROM remaining
+        WHERE id_key=min
+      ),
+      effect AS (
+        SELECT tab.id_key, 'new'::text, tab.link
+        FROM first_remaining e INNER JOIN tab ON e.id_key=tab.id_key
+        WHERE e.row_type = 'false'
+      )
+      SELECT * FROM first_remaining
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM effect
+    )
+  )
+SELECT * FROM iter;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE
+  tab(id_key,link) AS (VALUES (1,17), (2,17), (3,17), (4,17), (6,17), (5,17)),
+  iter (id_key, row_type, link) AS (
+      SELECT 0, 'base', 17
+    UNION (
+      WITH remaining(id_key, row_type, link, min) AS (
+        SELECT tab.id_key, 'true'::text, iter.link, MIN(tab.id_key) OVER ()
+        FROM tab INNER JOIN iter USING (link)
+        WHERE tab.id_key > iter.id_key
+      ),
+      first_remaining AS (
+        SELECT id_key, row_type, link
+        FROM remaining
+        WHERE id_key=min
+      ),
+      effect AS (
+        SELECT tab.id_key, 'new'::text, tab.link
+        FROM first_remaining e INNER JOIN tab ON e.id_key=tab.id_key
+        WHERE e.row_type = 'false'
+      )
+      SELECT * FROM first_remaining
+      UNION ALL SELECT * FROM effect
+    )
+  )
+SELECT * FROM iter;
+
+--
+-- Data-modifying statements in WITH
+--
+
+-- INSERT ... RETURNING
+WITH t AS (
+    INSERT INTO y
+    VALUES
+        (11),
+        (12),
+        (13),
+        (14),
+        (15),
+        (16),
+        (17),
+        (18),
+        (19),
+        (20)
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+-- UPDATE ... RETURNING
+WITH t AS (
+    UPDATE y
+    SET a=a+1
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+-- DELETE ... RETURNING
+WITH t AS (
+    DELETE FROM y
+    WHERE a <= 10
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+-- forward reference
+WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y
+		SELECT a+5 FROM t2 WHERE a > 5
+	RETURNING *
+), t2 AS (
+	UPDATE y SET a=a-11 RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t
+UNION ALL
+SELECT * FROM t2;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+-- unconditional DO INSTEAD rule
+CREATE RULE y_rule AS ON DELETE TO y DO INSTEAD
+  INSERT INTO y VALUES(42) RETURNING *;
+
+WITH t AS (
+	DELETE FROM y RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+DROP RULE y_rule ON y;
+
+-- check merging of outer CTE with CTE in a rule action
+CREATE TEMP TABLE bug6051 AS
+  select i from generate_series(1,3) as t(i);
+
+SELECT * FROM bug6051;
+
+WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051 RETURNING * )
+INSERT INTO bug6051 SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+SELECT * FROM bug6051;
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE bug6051_2 (i int);
+
+CREATE RULE bug6051_ins AS ON INSERT TO bug6051 DO INSTEAD
+ INSERT INTO bug6051_2
+ VALUES(NEW.i);
+
+WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051 RETURNING * )
+INSERT INTO bug6051 SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+SELECT * FROM bug6051;
+SELECT * FROM bug6051_2;
+
+-- check INSERT...SELECT rule actions are disallowed on commands
+-- that have modifyingCTEs
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE bug6051_ins AS ON INSERT TO bug6051 DO INSTEAD
+ INSERT INTO bug6051_2
+ SELECT NEW.i;
+
+WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051 RETURNING * )
+INSERT INTO bug6051 SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+-- silly example to verify that hasModifyingCTE flag is propagated
+CREATE TEMP TABLE bug6051_3 AS
+  SELECT a FROM generate_series(11,13) AS a;
+
+CREATE RULE bug6051_3_ins AS ON INSERT TO bug6051_3 DO INSTEAD
+  SELECT i FROM bug6051_2;
+
+BEGIN; SET LOCAL force_parallel_mode = on;
+
+WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051_3 RETURNING * )
+  INSERT INTO bug6051_3 SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT * FROM bug6051_3;
+
+-- check case where CTE reference is removed due to optimization
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT q1 FROM
+(
+  WITH t_cte AS (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t)
+  SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub
+  FROM int8_tbl i8
+) ss;
+
+SELECT q1 FROM
+(
+  WITH t_cte AS (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t)
+  SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub
+  FROM int8_tbl i8
+) ss;
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT q1 FROM
+(
+  WITH t_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t)
+  SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub
+  FROM int8_tbl i8
+) ss;
+
+SELECT q1 FROM
+(
+  WITH t_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t)
+  SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub
+  FROM int8_tbl i8
+) ss;
+
+-- a truly recursive CTE in the same list
+WITH RECURSIVE t(a) AS (
+	SELECT 0
+		UNION ALL
+	SELECT a+1 FROM t WHERE a+1 < 5
+), t2 as (
+	INSERT INTO y
+		SELECT * FROM t RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t2 JOIN y USING (a) ORDER BY a;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+-- data-modifying WITH in a modifying statement
+WITH t AS (
+    DELETE FROM y
+    WHERE a <= 10
+    RETURNING *
+)
+INSERT INTO y SELECT -a FROM t RETURNING *;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+-- check that WITH query is run to completion even if outer query isn't
+WITH t AS (
+    UPDATE y SET a = a * 100 RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+-- data-modifying WITH containing INSERT...ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
+CREATE TABLE withz AS SELECT i AS k, (i || ' v')::text v FROM generate_series(1, 16, 3) i;
+ALTER TABLE withz ADD UNIQUE (k);
+
+WITH t AS (
+    INSERT INTO withz SELECT i, 'insert'
+    FROM generate_series(0, 16) i
+    ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = withz.v || ', now update'
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t JOIN y ON t.k = y.a ORDER BY a, k;
+
+-- Test EXCLUDED.* reference within CTE
+WITH aa AS (
+    INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 5) ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = EXCLUDED.v
+    WHERE withz.k != EXCLUDED.k
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM aa;
+
+-- New query/snapshot demonstrates side-effects of previous query.
+SELECT * FROM withz ORDER BY k;
+
+--
+-- Ensure subqueries within the update clause work, even if they
+-- reference outside values
+--
+WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert')
+ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1);
+WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert')
+ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = ' update' WHERE withz.k = (SELECT a FROM aa);
+WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert')
+ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1);
+WITH aa AS (SELECT 'a' a, 'b' b UNION ALL SELECT 'a' a, 'b' b)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert')
+ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 'a' LIMIT 1);
+WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, (SELECT b || ' insert' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 ))
+ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1);
+
+-- Update a row more than once, in different parts of a wCTE. That is
+-- an allowed, presumably very rare, edge case, but since it was
+-- broken in the past, having a test seems worthwhile.
+WITH simpletup AS (
+  SELECT 2 k, 'Green' v),
+upsert_cte AS (
+  INSERT INTO withz VALUES(2, 'Blue') ON CONFLICT (k) DO
+    UPDATE SET (k, v) = (SELECT k, v FROM simpletup WHERE simpletup.k = withz.k)
+    RETURNING k, v)
+INSERT INTO withz VALUES(2, 'Red') ON CONFLICT (k) DO
+UPDATE SET (k, v) = (SELECT k, v FROM upsert_cte WHERE upsert_cte.k = withz.k)
+RETURNING k, v;
+
+DROP TABLE withz;
+
+-- WITH referenced by MERGE statement
+CREATE TABLE m AS SELECT i AS k, (i || ' v')::text v FROM generate_series(1, 16, 3) i;
+ALTER TABLE m ADD UNIQUE (k);
+
+WITH RECURSIVE cte_basic AS (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v) o ON m.k=o.k
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
+
+-- Basic:
+WITH cte_basic AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
+-- Examine
+SELECT * FROM m where k = 0;
+
+-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+WITH cte_basic AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
+
+-- InitPlan
+WITH cte_init AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_init val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select 1 k, 'merge source InitPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_init WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
+-- Examine
+SELECT * FROM m where k = 1;
+
+-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+WITH cte_init AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_init val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select 1 k, 'merge source InitPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_init WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
+
+-- MERGE source comes from CTE:
+WITH merge_source_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 15 a, 'merge_source_cte val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select * from merge_source_cte) o ON m.k=o.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge update' FROM merge_source_cte WHERE a = 15)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.a, o.b || (SELECT merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge insert' FROM merge_source_cte));
+-- Examine
+SELECT * FROM m where k = 15;
+
+-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+WITH merge_source_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 15 a, 'merge_source_cte val' b)
+MERGE INTO m USING (select * from merge_source_cte) o ON m.k=o.a
+WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge update' FROM merge_source_cte WHERE a = 15)
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.a, o.b || (SELECT merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge insert' FROM merge_source_cte));
+
+DROP TABLE m;
+
+-- check that run to completion happens in proper ordering
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE y;
+INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 3);
+CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE yy (a INTEGER);
+
+WITH RECURSIVE t1 AS (
+  INSERT INTO y SELECT * FROM y RETURNING *
+), t2 AS (
+  INSERT INTO yy SELECT * FROM t1 RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT 1;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+SELECT * FROM yy;
+
+WITH RECURSIVE t1 AS (
+  INSERT INTO yy SELECT * FROM t2 RETURNING *
+), t2 AS (
+  INSERT INTO y SELECT * FROM y RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT 1;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+SELECT * FROM yy;
+
+-- triggers
+
+TRUNCATE TABLE y;
+INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION y_trigger() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'y_trigger: a = %', new.a;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER y_trig BEFORE INSERT ON y FOR EACH ROW
+    EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger();
+
+WITH t AS (
+    INSERT INTO y
+    VALUES
+        (21),
+        (22),
+        (23)
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER y_trig AFTER INSERT ON y FOR EACH ROW
+    EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger();
+
+WITH t AS (
+    INSERT INTO y
+    VALUES
+        (31),
+        (32),
+        (33)
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 1;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION y_trigger() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+begin
+  raise notice 'y_trigger';
+  return null;
+end;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER y_trig AFTER INSERT ON y FOR EACH STATEMENT
+    EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger();
+
+WITH t AS (
+    INSERT INTO y
+    VALUES
+        (41),
+        (42),
+        (43)
+    RETURNING *
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+
+SELECT * FROM y;
+
+DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y;
+DROP FUNCTION y_trigger();
+
+-- WITH attached to inherited UPDATE or DELETE
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE parent ( id int, val text );
+CREATE TEMP TABLE child1 ( ) INHERITS ( parent );
+CREATE TEMP TABLE child2 ( ) INHERITS ( parent );
+
+INSERT INTO parent VALUES ( 1, 'p1' );
+INSERT INTO child1 VALUES ( 11, 'c11' ),( 12, 'c12' );
+INSERT INTO child2 VALUES ( 23, 'c21' ),( 24, 'c22' );
+
+WITH rcte AS ( SELECT sum(id) AS totalid FROM parent )
+UPDATE parent SET id = id + totalid FROM rcte;
+
+SELECT * FROM parent;
+
+WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO child1 VALUES ( 42, 'new' ) RETURNING id AS newid )
+UPDATE parent SET id = id + newid FROM wcte;
+
+SELECT * FROM parent;
+
+WITH rcte AS ( SELECT max(id) AS maxid FROM parent )
+DELETE FROM parent USING rcte WHERE id = maxid;
+
+SELECT * FROM parent;
+
+WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO child2 VALUES ( 42, 'new2' ) RETURNING id AS newid )
+DELETE FROM parent USING wcte WHERE id = newid;
+
+SELECT * FROM parent;
+
+-- check EXPLAIN VERBOSE for a wCTE with RETURNING
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO int8_tbl VALUES ( 42, 47 ) RETURNING q2 )
+DELETE FROM a_star USING wcte WHERE aa = q2;
+
+-- error cases
+
+-- data-modifying WITH tries to use its own output
+WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y
+		SELECT * FROM t
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+
+-- no RETURNING in a referenced data-modifying WITH
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+SELECT * FROM t;
+
+-- data-modifying WITH allowed only at the top level
+SELECT * FROM (
+	WITH t AS (UPDATE y SET a=a+1 RETURNING *)
+	SELECT * FROM t
+) ss;
+
+-- most variants of rules aren't allowed
+CREATE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y WHERE a=0 DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM y;
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y DO INSTEAD NOTHING;
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y DO INSTEAD NOTIFY foo;
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y DO ALSO NOTIFY foo;
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y
+  DO INSTEAD (NOTIFY foo; NOTIFY bar);
+WITH t AS (
+	INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
+)
+VALUES(FALSE);
+DROP RULE y_rule ON y;
+
+-- check that parser lookahead for WITH doesn't cause any odd behavior
+create table foo (with baz);  -- fail, WITH is a reserved word
+create table foo (with ordinality);  -- fail, WITH is a reserved word
+with ordinality as (select 1 as x) select * from ordinality;
+
+-- check sane response to attempt to modify CTE relation
+WITH with_test AS (SELECT 42) INSERT INTO with_test VALUES (1);
+
+-- check response to attempt to modify table with same name as a CTE (perhaps
+-- surprisingly it works, because CTEs don't hide tables from data-modifying
+-- statements)
+create temp table with_test (i int);
+with with_test as (select 42) insert into with_test select * from with_test;
+select * from with_test;
+drop table with_test;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/write_parallel.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/write_parallel.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae660dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/write_parallel.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+--
+-- PARALLEL
+--
+
+begin;
+
+-- encourage use of parallel plans
+set parallel_setup_cost=0;
+set parallel_tuple_cost=0;
+set min_parallel_table_scan_size=0;
+set max_parallel_workers_per_gather=4;
+
+--
+-- Test write operations that has an underlying query that is eligible
+-- for parallel plans
+--
+explain (costs off) create table parallel_write as
+    select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+create table parallel_write as
+    select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+drop table parallel_write;
+
+explain (costs off) select length(stringu1) into parallel_write
+    from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+select length(stringu1) into parallel_write
+    from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+drop table parallel_write;
+
+explain (costs off) create materialized view parallel_mat_view as
+    select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+create materialized view parallel_mat_view as
+    select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+create unique index on parallel_mat_view(length);
+refresh materialized view parallel_mat_view;
+refresh materialized view concurrently parallel_mat_view;
+drop materialized view parallel_mat_view;
+
+prepare prep_stmt as select length(stringu1) from tenk1 group by length(stringu1);
+explain (costs off) create table parallel_write as execute prep_stmt;
+create table parallel_write as execute prep_stmt;
+drop table parallel_write;
+
+rollback;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/xid.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/xid.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bee17e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/xid.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+-- xid and xid8
+
+-- values in range, in octal, decimal, hex
+select '010'::xid,
+       '42'::xid,
+       '0xffffffff'::xid,
+       '-1'::xid,
+	   '010'::xid8,
+	   '42'::xid8,
+	   '0xffffffffffffffff'::xid8,
+	   '-1'::xid8;
+
+-- garbage values are not yet rejected (perhaps they should be)
+select ''::xid;
+select 'asdf'::xid;
+select ''::xid8;
+select 'asdf'::xid8;
+
+-- equality
+select '1'::xid = '1'::xid;
+select '1'::xid != '1'::xid;
+select '1'::xid8 = '1'::xid8;
+select '1'::xid8 != '1'::xid8;
+
+-- conversion
+select '1'::xid = '1'::xid8::xid;
+select '1'::xid != '1'::xid8::xid;
+
+-- we don't want relational operators for xid, due to use of modular arithmetic
+select '1'::xid < '2'::xid;
+select '1'::xid <= '2'::xid;
+select '1'::xid > '2'::xid;
+select '1'::xid >= '2'::xid;
+
+-- we want them for xid8 though
+select '1'::xid8 < '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 < '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 < '1'::xid8;
+select '1'::xid8 <= '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 <= '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 <= '1'::xid8;
+select '1'::xid8 > '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 > '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 > '1'::xid8;
+select '1'::xid8 >= '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 >= '2'::xid8, '2'::xid8 >= '1'::xid8;
+
+-- we also have a 3way compare for btrees
+select xid8cmp('1', '2'), xid8cmp('2', '2'), xid8cmp('2', '1');
+
+-- min() and max() for xid8
+create table xid8_t1 (x xid8);
+insert into xid8_t1 values ('0'), ('010'), ('42'), ('0xffffffffffffffff'), ('-1');
+select min(x), max(x) from xid8_t1;
+
+-- xid8 has btree and hash opclasses
+create index on xid8_t1 using btree(x);
+create index on xid8_t1 using hash(x);
+drop table xid8_t1;
+
+
+-- pg_snapshot data type and related functions
+
+-- Note: another set of tests similar to this exists in txid.sql, for a limited
+-- time (the relevant functions share C code)
+
+-- i/o
+select '12:13:'::pg_snapshot;
+select '12:18:14,16'::pg_snapshot;
+select '12:16:14,14'::pg_snapshot;
+
+-- errors
+select '31:12:'::pg_snapshot;
+select '0:1:'::pg_snapshot;
+select '12:13:0'::pg_snapshot;
+select '12:16:14,13'::pg_snapshot;
+
+create temp table snapshot_test (
+	nr	integer,
+	snap	pg_snapshot
+);
+
+insert into snapshot_test values (1, '12:13:');
+insert into snapshot_test values (2, '12:20:13,15,18');
+insert into snapshot_test values (3, '100001:100009:100005,100007,100008');
+insert into snapshot_test values (4, '100:150:101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131');
+select snap from snapshot_test order by nr;
+
+select  pg_snapshot_xmin(snap),
+	pg_snapshot_xmax(snap),
+	pg_snapshot_xip(snap)
+from snapshot_test order by nr;
+
+select id, pg_visible_in_snapshot(id::text::xid8, snap)
+from snapshot_test, generate_series(11, 21) id
+where nr = 2;
+
+-- test bsearch
+select id, pg_visible_in_snapshot(id::text::xid8, snap)
+from snapshot_test, generate_series(90, 160) id
+where nr = 4;
+
+-- test current values also
+select pg_current_xact_id() >= pg_snapshot_xmin(pg_current_snapshot());
+
+-- we can't assume current is always less than xmax, however
+
+select pg_visible_in_snapshot(pg_current_xact_id(), pg_current_snapshot());
+
+-- test 64bitness
+
+select pg_snapshot '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013';
+select pg_visible_in_snapshot('1000100010001012', '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013');
+select pg_visible_in_snapshot('1000100010001015', '1000100010001000:1000100010001100:1000100010001012,1000100010001013');
+
+-- test 64bit overflow
+SELECT pg_snapshot '1:9223372036854775807:3';
+SELECT pg_snapshot '1:9223372036854775808:3';
+
+-- test pg_current_xact_id_if_assigned
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id_if_assigned() IS NULL;
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id() \gset
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id_if_assigned() IS NOT DISTINCT FROM xid8 :'pg_current_xact_id';
+COMMIT;
+
+-- test xid status functions
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id() AS committed \gset
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id() AS rolledback \gset
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+SELECT pg_current_xact_id() AS inprogress \gset
+
+SELECT pg_xact_status(:committed::text::xid8) AS committed;
+SELECT pg_xact_status(:rolledback::text::xid8) AS rolledback;
+SELECT pg_xact_status(:inprogress::text::xid8) AS inprogress;
+SELECT pg_xact_status('1'::xid8); -- BootstrapTransactionId is always committed
+SELECT pg_xact_status('2'::xid8); -- FrozenTransactionId is always committed
+SELECT pg_xact_status('3'::xid8); -- in regress testing FirstNormalTransactionId will always be behind oldestXmin
+
+COMMIT;
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION test_future_xid_status(xid8)
+RETURNS void
+LANGUAGE plpgsql
+AS
+$$
+BEGIN
+  PERFORM pg_xact_status($1);
+  RAISE EXCEPTION 'didn''t ERROR at xid in the future as expected';
+EXCEPTION
+  WHEN invalid_parameter_value THEN
+    RAISE NOTICE 'Got expected error for xid in the future';
+END;
+$$;
+SELECT test_future_xid_status((:inprogress + 10000)::text::xid8);
+ROLLBACK;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/xml.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/xml.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3f90db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/xml.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
+CREATE TABLE xmltest (
+    id int,
+    data xml
+);
+
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (1, '<value>one</value>');
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (2, '<value>two</value>');
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (3, '<wrong');
+
+SELECT * FROM xmltest;
+
+
+SELECT xmlcomment('test');
+SELECT xmlcomment('-test');
+SELECT xmlcomment('test-');
+SELECT xmlcomment('--test');
+SELECT xmlcomment('te st');
+
+
+SELECT xmlconcat(xmlcomment('hello'),
+                 xmlelement(NAME qux, 'foo'),
+                 xmlcomment('world'));
+
+SELECT xmlconcat('hello', 'you');
+SELECT xmlconcat(1, 2);
+SELECT xmlconcat('bad', '<syntax');
+SELECT xmlconcat('<foo/>', NULL, '<?xml version="1.1" standalone="no"?><bar/>');
+SELECT xmlconcat('<?xml version="1.1"?><foo/>', NULL, '<?xml version="1.1" standalone="no"?><bar/>');
+SELECT xmlconcat(NULL);
+SELECT xmlconcat(NULL, NULL);
+
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name element,
+                  xmlattributes (1 as one, 'deuce' as two),
+                  'content');
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name element,
+                  xmlattributes ('unnamed and wrong'));
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name element, xmlelement(name nested, 'stuff'));
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name employee, xmlforest(name, age, salary as pay)) FROM emp;
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name duplicate, xmlattributes(1 as a, 2 as b, 3 as a));
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name num, 37);
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, text 'bar');
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xml 'bar');
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, text 'b<a/>r');
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xml 'b<a/>r');
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, array[1, 2, 3]);
+SET xmlbinary TO base64;
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, bytea 'bar');
+SET xmlbinary TO hex;
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, bytea 'bar');
+
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes(true as bar));
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('2009-04-09 00:24:37'::timestamp as bar));
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('infinity'::timestamp as bar));
+SELECT xmlelement(name foo, xmlattributes('<>&"''' as funny, xml 'b<a/>r' as funnier));
+
+
+SELECT xmlparse(content '');
+SELECT xmlparse(content '  ');
+SELECT xmlparse(content 'abc');
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<abc>x</abc>');
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<invalidentity>&</invalidentity>');
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</undefinedentity>');
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+SELECT xmlparse(content '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+
+SELECT xmlparse(document '   ');
+SELECT xmlparse(document 'abc');
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<abc>x</abc>');
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<invalidentity>&</abc>');
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</abc>');
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+SELECT xmlparse(document '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo);
+SELECT xmlpi(name xml);
+SELECT xmlpi(name xmlstuff);
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'bar');
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'in?>valid');
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, null);
+SELECT xmlpi(name xml, null);
+SELECT xmlpi(name xmlstuff, null);
+SELECT xmlpi(name "xml-stylesheet", 'href="mystyle.css" type="text/css"');
+SELECT xmlpi(name foo, '   bar');
+
+
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone no value);
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version '2.0');
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+SELECT xmlroot(xml '<?xml version="1.1"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+SELECT xmlroot(xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version '1.0'), version '1.1', standalone no);
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone no);
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value, standalone no value);
+SELECT xmlroot('<?xml version="1.1" standalone="yes"?><foo/>', version no value);
+
+
+SELECT xmlroot (
+  xmlelement (
+    name gazonk,
+    xmlattributes (
+      'val' AS name,
+      1 + 1 AS num
+    ),
+    xmlelement (
+      NAME qux,
+      'foo'
+    )
+  ),
+  version '1.0',
+  standalone yes
+);
+
+
+SELECT xmlserialize(content data as character varying(20)) FROM xmltest;
+SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as char(10));
+SELECT xmlserialize(document 'bad' as text);
+
+
+SELECT xml '<foo>bar</foo>' IS DOCUMENT;
+SELECT xml '<foo>bar</foo><bar>foo</bar>' IS DOCUMENT;
+SELECT xml '<abc/>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+SELECT xml 'abc' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+SELECT '<>' IS NOT DOCUMENT;
+
+
+SELECT xmlagg(data) FROM xmltest;
+SELECT xmlagg(data) FROM xmltest WHERE id > 10;
+SELECT xmlelement(name employees, xmlagg(xmlelement(name name, name))) FROM emp;
+
+
+-- Check mapping SQL identifier to XML name
+
+SELECT xmlpi(name ":::_xml_abc135.%-&_");
+SELECT xmlpi(name "123");
+
+
+PREPARE foo (xml) AS SELECT xmlconcat('<foo/>', $1);
+
+SET XML OPTION DOCUMENT;
+EXECUTE foo ('<bar/>');
+EXECUTE foo ('bad');
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+
+SET XML OPTION CONTENT;
+EXECUTE foo ('<bar/>');
+EXECUTE foo ('good');
+SELECT xml '<!-- in SQL:2006+ a doc is content too--> <?y z?> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+SELECT xml '<?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- hi--> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> oops <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+SELECT xml '<!-- hi--> <oops/> <!DOCTYPE a><a/>';
+SELECT xml '<!DOCTYPE a><a/><b/>';
+
+
+-- Test backwards parsing
+
+CREATE VIEW xmlview1 AS SELECT xmlcomment('test');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview2 AS SELECT xmlconcat('hello', 'you');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview3 AS SELECT xmlelement(name element, xmlattributes (1 as ":one:", 'deuce' as two), 'content&');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview4 AS SELECT xmlelement(name employee, xmlforest(name, age, salary as pay)) FROM emp;
+CREATE VIEW xmlview5 AS SELECT xmlparse(content '<abc>x</abc>');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview6 AS SELECT xmlpi(name foo, 'bar');
+CREATE VIEW xmlview7 AS SELECT xmlroot(xml '<foo/>', version no value, standalone yes);
+CREATE VIEW xmlview8 AS SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as char(10));
+CREATE VIEW xmlview9 AS SELECT xmlserialize(content 'good' as text);
+
+SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
+  WHERE table_name LIKE 'xmlview%' ORDER BY 1;
+
+-- Text XPath expressions evaluation
+
+SELECT xpath('/value', data) FROM xmltest;
+SELECT xpath(NULL, NULL) IS NULL FROM xmltest;
+SELECT xpath('', '<!-- error -->');
+SELECT xpath('//text()', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>');
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece/@id', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+SELECT xpath('//loc:piece', '<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1" xmlns="http://127.0.0.2"><local:piece id="1"><internal>number one</internal><internal2/></local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>', ARRAY[ARRAY['loc', 'http://127.0.0.1']]);
+SELECT xpath('//b', '<a>one <b>two</b> three <b>etc</b></a>');
+SELECT xpath('//text()', '<root>&lt;</root>');
+SELECT xpath('//@value', '<root value="&lt;"/>');
+SELECT xpath('''<<invalid>>''', '<root/>');
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)=0', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+SELECT xpath('count(//*)=3', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+SELECT xpath('name(/*)', '<root><sub/><sub/></root>');
+SELECT xpath('/nosuchtag', '<root/>');
+SELECT xpath('root', '<root/>');
+
+-- Round-trip non-ASCII data through xpath().
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+  xml_declaration text := '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>';
+  degree_symbol text;
+  res xml[];
+BEGIN
+  -- Per the documentation, except when the server encoding is UTF8, xpath()
+  -- may not work on non-ASCII data.  The untranslatable_character and
+  -- undefined_function traps below, currently dead code, will become relevant
+  -- if we remove this limitation.
+  IF current_setting('server_encoding') <> 'UTF8' THEN
+    RAISE LOG 'skip: encoding % unsupported for xpath',
+      current_setting('server_encoding');
+    RETURN;
+  END IF;
+
+  degree_symbol := convert_from('\xc2b0', 'UTF8');
+  res := xpath('text()', (xml_declaration ||
+    '<x>' || degree_symbol || '</x>')::xml);
+  IF degree_symbol <> res[1]::text THEN
+    RAISE 'expected % (%), got % (%)',
+      degree_symbol, convert_to(degree_symbol, 'UTF8'),
+      res[1], convert_to(res[1]::text, 'UTF8');
+  END IF;
+EXCEPTION
+  -- character with byte sequence 0xc2 0xb0 in encoding "UTF8" has no equivalent in encoding "LATIN8"
+  WHEN untranslatable_character
+  -- default conversion function for encoding "UTF8" to "MULE_INTERNAL" does not exist
+  OR undefined_function
+  -- unsupported XML feature
+  OR feature_not_supported THEN
+    RAISE LOG 'skip: %', SQLERRM;
+END
+$$;
+
+-- Test xmlexists and xpath_exists
+SELECT xmlexists('//town[text() = ''Toronto'']' PASSING BY REF '<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>');
+SELECT xmlexists('//town[text() = ''Cwmbran'']' PASSING BY REF '<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>');
+SELECT xmlexists('count(/nosuchtag)' PASSING BY REF '<root/>');
+SELECT xpath_exists('//town[text() = ''Toronto'']','<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>'::xml);
+SELECT xpath_exists('//town[text() = ''Cwmbran'']','<towns><town>Bidford-on-Avon</town><town>Cwmbran</town><town>Bristol</town></towns>'::xml);
+SELECT xpath_exists('count(/nosuchtag)', '<root/>'::xml);
+
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (4, '<menu><beers><name>Budvar</name><cost>free</cost><name>Carling</name><cost>lots</cost></beers></menu>'::xml);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (5, '<menu><beers><name>Molson</name><cost>free</cost><name>Carling</name><cost>lots</cost></beers></menu>'::xml);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (6, '<myns:menu xmlns:myns="http://myns.com"><myns:beers><myns:name>Budvar</myns:name><myns:cost>free</myns:cost><myns:name>Carling</myns:name><myns:cost>lots</myns:cost></myns:beers></myns:menu>'::xml);
+INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (7, '<myns:menu xmlns:myns="http://myns.com"><myns:beers><myns:name>Molson</myns:name><myns:cost>free</myns:cost><myns:name>Carling</myns:name><myns:cost>lots</myns:cost></myns:beers></myns:menu>'::xml);
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beer' PASSING data);
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beer' PASSING BY REF data BY REF);
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beers' PASSING BY REF data);
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xmlexists('/menu/beers/name[text() = ''Molson'']' PASSING BY REF data);
+
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beer',data);
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beers',data);
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/menu/beers/name[text() = ''Molson'']',data);
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beer',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beers',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest WHERE xpath_exists('/myns:menu/myns:beers/myns:name[text() = ''Molson'']',data,ARRAY[ARRAY['myns','http://myns.com']]);
+
+CREATE TABLE query ( expr TEXT );
+INSERT INTO query VALUES ('/menu/beers/cost[text() = ''lots'']');
+SELECT COUNT(id) FROM xmltest, query WHERE xmlexists(expr PASSING BY REF data);
+
+-- Test xml_is_well_formed and variants
+
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_document('<foo>bar</foo>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_document('abc');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_content('<foo>bar</foo>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed_content('abc');
+
+SET xmloption TO DOCUMENT;
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('abc');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<abc/>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo>bar</foo>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo>bar</foo');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<foo><bar>baz</foo>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<local:data xmlns:local="http://127.0.0.1"><local:piece id="1">number one</local:piece><local:piece id="2" /></local:data>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<pg:foo xmlns:pg="http://postgresql.org/stuff">bar</my:foo>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<pg:foo xmlns:pg="http://postgresql.org/stuff">bar</pg:foo>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<invalidentity>&</abc>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<undefinedentity>&idontexist;</abc>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<twoerrors>&idontexist;</unbalanced>');
+
+SET xmloption TO CONTENT;
+SELECT xml_is_well_formed('abc');
+
+-- Since xpath() deals with namespaces, it's a bit stricter about
+-- what's well-formed and what's not. If we don't obey these rules
+-- (i.e. ignore namespace-related errors from libxml), xpath()
+-- fails in subtle ways. The following would for example produce
+-- the xml value
+--   <invalidns xmlns='<'/>
+-- which is invalid because '<' may not appear un-escaped in
+-- attribute values.
+-- Since different libxml versions emit slightly different
+-- error messages, we suppress the DETAIL in this test.
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<invalidns xmlns=''&lt;''/>');
+\set VERBOSITY default
+
+-- Again, the XML isn't well-formed for namespace purposes
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<nosuchprefix:tag/>');
+
+-- XPath deprecates relative namespaces, but they're not supposed to
+-- throw an error, only a warning.
+SELECT xpath('/*', '<relativens xmlns=''relative''/>');
+
+-- External entity references should not leak filesystem information.
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/passwd">]><foo>&c;</foo>');
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY c SYSTEM "/etc/no.such.file">]><foo>&c;</foo>');
+-- This might or might not load the requested DTD, but it mustn't throw error.
+SELECT XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT '<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd"><chapter>&nbsp;</chapter>');
+
+-- XMLPATH tests
+CREATE TABLE xmldata(data xml);
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="1">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>AU</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Australia</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="2">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>CN</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>China</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="3">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>HK</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>HongKong</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="4">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>IN</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>India</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="5">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>JP</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Japan</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Sinzo Abe</PREMIER_NAME>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="6">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>SG</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Singapore</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>3</REGION_ID><SIZE unit="km">791</SIZE>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+
+-- XMLTABLE with columns
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME/text()' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+
+CREATE VIEW xmltableview1 AS SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME/text()' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+
+SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+
+\sv xmltableview1
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE) SELECT * FROM xmltableview1;
+
+-- errors
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE (ROW () PASSING null COLUMNS v1 timestamp) AS f (v1, v2);
+
+-- XMLNAMESPACES tests
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES('http://x.y' AS zz),
+                      '/zz:rows/zz:row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'zz:a');
+
+CREATE VIEW xmltableview2 AS SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES('http://x.y' AS zz),
+                      '/zz:rows/zz:row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'zz:a');
+
+SELECT * FROM xmltableview2;
+
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE(XMLNAMESPACES(DEFAULT 'http://x.y'),
+                      '/rows/row'
+                      PASSING '<rows xmlns="http://x.y"><row><a>10</a></row></rows>'
+                      COLUMNS a int PATH 'a');
+
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('.'
+                       PASSING '<foo/>'
+                       COLUMNS a text PATH 'foo/namespace::node()');
+
+-- used in prepare statements
+PREPARE pp AS
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+
+EXECUTE pp;
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id FOR ORDINALITY, "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int);
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id');
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id FOR ORDINALITY);
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int, rawdata xml PATH '.');
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS id int PATH '@id', "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int, rawdata xml PATH './*');
+
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/root' passing '<root><element>a1a<!-- aaaa -->a2a<?aaaaa?> <!--z-->  bbbb<x>xxx</x>cccc</element></root>' COLUMNS element text);
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/root' passing '<root><element>a1a<!-- aaaa -->a2a<?aaaaa?> <!--z-->  bbbb<x>xxx</x>cccc</element></root>' COLUMNS element text PATH 'element/text()'); -- should fail
+
+-- CDATA test
+select * from xmltable('d/r' passing '<d><r><c><![CDATA[<hello> &"<>!<a>foo</a>]]></c></r><r><c>2</c></r></d>' columns c text);
+
+-- XML builtin entities
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/x/a' PASSING '<x><a><ent>&apos;</ent></a><a><ent>&quot;</ent></a><a><ent>&amp;</ent></a><a><ent>&lt;</ent></a><a><ent>&gt;</ent></a></x>' COLUMNS ent text);
+SELECT * FROM xmltable('/x/a' PASSING '<x><a><ent>&apos;</ent></a><a><ent>&quot;</ent></a><a><ent>&amp;</ent></a><a><ent>&lt;</ent></a><a><ent>&gt;</ent></a></x>' COLUMNS ent xml);
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+
+-- test qual
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int) WHERE "COUNTRY_NAME" = 'Japan';
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmldata, LATERAL xmltable('/ROWS/ROW[COUNTRY_NAME="Japan" or COUNTRY_NAME="India"]' PASSING data COLUMNS "COUNTRY_NAME" text, "REGION_ID" int) WHERE "COUNTRY_NAME" = 'Japan';
+
+-- should to work with more data
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="10">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>CZ</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Czech Republic</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID><PREMIER_NAME>Milos Zeman</PREMIER_NAME>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="11">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>DE</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Germany</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="12">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>FR</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>France</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>2</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+
+INSERT INTO xmldata VALUES('<ROWS>
+<ROW id="20">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>EG</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Egypt</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>1</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+<ROW id="21">
+  <COUNTRY_ID>SD</COUNTRY_ID>
+  <COUNTRY_NAME>Sudan</COUNTRY_NAME>
+  <REGION_ID>1</REGION_ID>
+</ROW>
+</ROWS>');
+
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified')
+  WHERE region_id = 2;
+
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE',
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified')
+  WHERE region_id = 2;
+
+-- should fail, NULL value
+SELECT  xmltable.*
+   FROM (SELECT data FROM xmldata) x,
+        LATERAL XMLTABLE('/ROWS/ROW'
+                         PASSING data
+                         COLUMNS id int PATH '@id',
+                                  _id FOR ORDINALITY,
+                                  country_name text PATH 'COUNTRY_NAME' NOT NULL,
+                                  country_id text PATH 'COUNTRY_ID',
+                                  region_id int PATH 'REGION_ID',
+                                  size float PATH 'SIZE' NOT NULL,
+                                  unit text PATH 'SIZE/@unit',
+                                  premier_name text PATH 'PREMIER_NAME' DEFAULT 'not specified');
+
+-- if all is ok, then result is empty
+-- one line xml test
+WITH
+   x AS (SELECT proname, proowner, procost::numeric, pronargs,
+                array_to_string(proargnames,',') as proargnames,
+                case when proargtypes <> '' then array_to_string(proargtypes::oid[],',') end as proargtypes
+           FROM pg_proc WHERE proname = 'f_leak'),
+   y AS (SELECT xmlelement(name proc,
+                           xmlforest(proname, proowner,
+                                     procost, pronargs,
+                                     proargnames, proargtypes)) as proc
+           FROM x),
+   z AS (SELECT xmltable.*
+           FROM y,
+                LATERAL xmltable('/proc' PASSING proc
+                                 COLUMNS proname name,
+                                         proowner oid,
+                                         procost float,
+                                         pronargs int,
+                                         proargnames text,
+                                         proargtypes text))
+   SELECT * FROM z
+   EXCEPT SELECT * FROM x;
+
+-- multi line xml test, result should be empty too
+WITH
+   x AS (SELECT proname, proowner, procost::numeric, pronargs,
+                array_to_string(proargnames,',') as proargnames,
+                case when proargtypes <> '' then array_to_string(proargtypes::oid[],',') end as proargtypes
+           FROM pg_proc),
+   y AS (SELECT xmlelement(name data,
+                           xmlagg(xmlelement(name proc,
+                                             xmlforest(proname, proowner, procost,
+                                                       pronargs, proargnames, proargtypes)))) as doc
+           FROM x),
+   z AS (SELECT xmltable.*
+           FROM y,
+                LATERAL xmltable('/data/proc' PASSING doc
+                                 COLUMNS proname name,
+                                         proowner oid,
+                                         procost float,
+                                         pronargs int,
+                                         proargnames text,
+                                         proargtypes text))
+   SELECT * FROM z
+   EXCEPT SELECT * FROM x;
+
+CREATE TABLE xmltest2(x xml, _path text);
+
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><ac>1</ac></r></d>', 'A');
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><bc>2</bc></r></d>', 'B');
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><cc>3</cc></r></d>', 'C');
+INSERT INTO xmltest2 VALUES('<d><r><dc>2</dc></r></d>', 'D');
+
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable('/d/r' PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH '' || lower(_path) || 'c');
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable(('/d/r/' || lower(_path) || 'c') PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH '.');
+SELECT xmltable.* FROM xmltest2, LATERAL xmltable(('/d/r/' || lower(_path) || 'c') PASSING x COLUMNS a int PATH 'x' DEFAULT ascii(_path) - 54);
+
+-- XPath result can be boolean or number too
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('*' PASSING '<a>a</a>' COLUMNS a xml PATH '.', b text PATH '.', c text PATH '"hi"', d boolean PATH '. = "a"', e integer PATH 'string-length(.)');
+\x
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('*' PASSING '<e>pre<!--c1--><?pi arg?><![CDATA[&ent1]]><n2>&amp;deep</n2>post</e>' COLUMNS x xml PATH 'node()', y xml PATH '/');
+\x
+
+SELECT * FROM XMLTABLE('.' PASSING XMLELEMENT(NAME a) columns a varchar(20) PATH '"<foo/>"', b xml PATH '"<foo/>"');
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/xmlmap.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/xmlmap.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16582bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/xmlmap.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+CREATE SCHEMA testxmlschema;
+
+CREATE TABLE testxmlschema.test1 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO testxmlschema.test1 VALUES (1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (-1, null);
+CREATE DOMAIN testxmldomain AS varchar;
+CREATE TABLE testxmlschema.test2 (z int, y varchar(500), x char(6),
+    w numeric(9,2), v smallint, u bigint, t real,
+    s time, stz timetz, r timestamp, rtz timestamptz, q date,
+    p xml, o testxmldomain, n bool, m bytea, aaa text);
+ALTER TABLE testxmlschema.test2 DROP COLUMN aaa;
+INSERT INTO testxmlschema.test2 VALUES (55, 'abc', 'def',
+    98.6, 2, 999, 0,
+    '21:07', '21:11 +05', '2009-06-08 21:07:30', '2009-06-08 21:07:30 -07', '2009-06-08',
+    NULL, 'ABC', true, 'XYZ');
+
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', true, false, 'foo');
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', false, true, '');
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test1', true, true, '');
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test2', false, false, '');
+
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, false, '');
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, true, 'foo');
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, true, '');
+SELECT table_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test2', false, false, '');
+
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, false, '');
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', false, true, '');
+SELECT table_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema.test1', true, true, 'foo');
+
+SELECT query_to_xml('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+SELECT query_to_xmlschema('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', false, false, '');
+SELECT query_to_xml_and_xmlschema('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', true, true, '');
+
+DECLARE xc CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1 ORDER BY 1, 2;
+SELECT cursor_to_xml('xc'::refcursor, 5, false, true, '');
+SELECT cursor_to_xmlschema('xc'::refcursor, false, true, '');
+MOVE BACKWARD ALL IN xc;
+SELECT cursor_to_xml('xc'::refcursor, 5, true, false, '');
+SELECT cursor_to_xmlschema('xc'::refcursor, true, false, '');
+
+SELECT schema_to_xml('testxmlschema', false, true, '');
+SELECT schema_to_xml('testxmlschema', true, false, '');
+SELECT schema_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema', false, true, '');
+SELECT schema_to_xmlschema('testxmlschema', true, false, '');
+SELECT schema_to_xml_and_xmlschema('testxmlschema', true, true, 'foo');
+
+
+-- test that domains are transformed like their base types
+
+CREATE DOMAIN testboolxmldomain AS bool;
+CREATE DOMAIN testdatexmldomain AS date;
+
+CREATE TABLE testxmlschema.test3
+    AS SELECT true c1,
+              true::testboolxmldomain c2,
+              '2013-02-21'::date c3,
+              '2013-02-21'::testdatexmldomain c4;
+
+SELECT xmlforest(c1, c2, c3, c4) FROM testxmlschema.test3;
+SELECT table_to_xml('testxmlschema.test3', true, true, '');